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+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of
+The Adventures of Daniel Boone, by Uncle Philip
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Adventures of Daniel Boone: the
+Kentucky rifleman, by Uncle Philip
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Adventures of Daniel Boone: the Kentucky rifleman
+
+Author: Uncle Philip
+
+Release Date: December 7, 2008 [EBook #27431]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADVENTURES OF DANIEL BOONE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Edwards, Jen Haines and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by Florida's Publication of Archival, Library & Museum
+Materials (PALMM))
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/frontis.jpg" width="400" height="516"
+alt="DANIEL BOON. From the Basso Relievo in the Rotunda of the
+Capitol at Washington"
+title="DANIEL BOON. From the Basso Relievo in the Rotunda of the
+Capitol at Washington" />
+<span class="caption">DANIEL BOON. From the Basso Relievo in the
+Rotunda of the Capitol at Washington</span>
+</div>
+
+<h3><br /><br /><br /><br />
+THE<br /></h3>
+<h1>ADVENTURES<br /></h1>
+<h3>OF<br /></h3>
+<h1>DANIEL BOONE,<br /></h1>
+<h3>THE<br /></h3>
+<h1>KENTUCKY RIFLEMAN.<br /><br /></h1>
+
+
+<h3>BY<br />
+THE AUTHOR OF &#8220;UNCLE PHILIP&#8217;S CONVERSATIONS.&#8221;<br />
+</h3>
+
+
+<h3>
+&#8220;Too much crowded&mdash;too much crowded&mdash;I want more
+elbow-room.&#8221;&mdash;<i>Boone on his way to Missouri.</i>
+<br /><br /><br /><br />
+</h3>
+
+
+<h3>
+NEW YORK:<br />
+D. APPLETON &amp; CO., 200 BROADWAY.<br />
+PHILADELPHIA:<br />
+GEORGE S. APPLETON, 164 CHESNUT ST.<br /></h3>
+<h4>MDCCCL.<br /><br /><br /><br />
+</h4>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<h3>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</h3>
+<h3>Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1843,<br />
+By D. APPLETON &amp; CO.,<br />
+in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States,<br />
+for the Southern District of New York.<br /></h3>
+<h3>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</h3>
+<p>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<h3>TO<br />
+HIS YOUNG COUNTRYMEN<br />
+THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES,<br /></h3>
+<h4>AND ESPECIALLY<br /></h4>
+<h3>THE LADS OF KENTUCKY,<br /></h3>
+<h4>This Volume<br /></h4>
+<h5>IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED,<br /></h5>
+<h3><span class="smcap">By Uncle Philip.</span><br /></h3>
+
+<p>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+</p>
+<h2><br /><br /><br />
+CONTENTS.<br /></h2>
+
+
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_I"><b>CHAPTER I.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Daniel Boone is born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania&mdash;His
+father removes to the Schuylkill&mdash;Boone's early passion
+for hunting&mdash;Kills a panther&mdash;Wanderings in the woods&mdash;Is
+sent to school&mdash;The school is broken up&mdash;Boone returns to
+his sports&mdash;His father removes to the Yadkin river in
+North Carolina&mdash;While the farm is improving Daniel is
+hunting&mdash;The neighborhood begins to be settled&mdash;Daniel is
+dissatisfied&mdash;Settlement of Mr. Bryan&mdash;Daniel Boone goes
+out upon a fire hunt&mdash;Strange adventure&mdash;Marries Rebecca
+Bryan&mdash;Makes a home for himself on the head waters of the
+Yadkin&mdash;Men begin to crowd upon him&mdash;determines to
+move <div class="right">Page&nbsp;13</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_II"><b>CHAPTER II.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Early visits to Kentucky&mdash;James M&#8216;Bride&mdash;Dr. Wacker and
+others&mdash;John Finlay goes to Kentucky trading with the
+Indians&mdash;Returns with glowing accounts of the
+country&mdash;Visits Daniel Boone and spends the winter with
+him&mdash;Boone is charmed with the stories&mdash;They determine in
+the spring to go to Kentucky&mdash;Meeting at Boone's house in
+May&mdash;With four companions they start for the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+west&mdash;Adventures by the way&mdash;They reach Finlay's old
+station on the Red river&mdash;Make their camp&mdash;Amuse
+themselves in hunting and exploring the country&mdash;Beauty
+of the country&mdash;Abundance of game&mdash;Boone and Stewart are
+taken by the Indians&mdash;Make their escape&mdash;Return to their
+camp&mdash;It is plundered and deserted&mdash;Arrival of Squire
+Boone&mdash;Daniel Boone is rejoiced to hear from his
+family<div class="right"> Page&nbsp;26</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_III"><b>CHAPTER III.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Hunting party&mdash;Stewart is killed by the Indians&mdash;narrow
+escape of Daniel Boone&mdash;The companion of Squire Boone
+returns home&mdash;The two brothers alone in the
+wilderness&mdash;Cheerfulness of Daniel Boone&mdash;Squire returns
+to the Yadkin for ammunition&mdash;Daniel lives in the forest
+alone&mdash;His pleasant wanderings&mdash;Singular escape from the
+Indians&mdash;Encounter with a bear&mdash;Looks for the return of
+his brother&mdash;Disappointment&mdash;Is very sad&mdash;Squire suddenly
+arrives with ammunition and horses&mdash;Plans for the
+future&mdash;Daniel Boone chooses a spot on the Kentucky
+river&mdash;They return for his family&mdash;Sport by the way&mdash;They
+reach the Yadkin&mdash;Try to beat up recruits for
+Kentucky&mdash;Ridicule of the people&mdash;They start with five
+families&mdash;Forty men join them&mdash;Disaster by the way&mdash;They
+return to Clinch river&mdash;Various employments of Boone&mdash;He
+returns to Kentucky&mdash;Builds a fort&mdash;Removes his family to
+Boonesborough<div class="right">Page&nbsp;42</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV"><b>CHAPTER IV.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Comforts of Boonesborough&mdash;Arrival of Colonel Calaway and
+his daughters&mdash;Capture of three girls by the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+Indians&mdash;Boone and Calaway pursue&mdash;Are made
+prisoners&mdash;Happy escape&mdash;New emigrants&mdash;County of
+Kentucky&mdash;Indian warfare&mdash;Attacks upon Harrodsburgh and
+Boonesborough&mdash;Expedition to the salt-licks on Licking
+river&mdash;Courage of Boone&mdash;Overcomes two Indians&mdash;Is met by
+a large Indian party&mdash;Made a prisoner&mdash;His long captivity
+and escape<div class="right">Page&nbsp;59</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_V"><b>CHAPTER V.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Indian customs noticed by Boone during his
+captivity&mdash;Mode of hardening children&mdash;Changing
+names&mdash;Marriages&mdash;Burials&mdash;War parties&mdash;Celebration of
+victories&mdash;Torturing prisoners&mdash;Making treaties of
+peace&nbsp;<div class="right"> Page&nbsp;80</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI"><b>CHAPTER VI.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Boone's disappointment upon not finding his
+wife&mdash;Strengthening of Boonesborough&mdash;Indian
+hostilities&mdash;Attack of Boonesborough&mdash;gallant
+defence&mdash;Boone returns to North Carolina&mdash;Occurrences
+during his absence&mdash;Boone returns&mdash;Goes to the Blue Licks
+for salt&mdash;Death of the younger Boone&mdash;Daniel Boone
+escapes&mdash;Kentucky divided into three counties&mdash;Hard
+winter of 1781&mdash;Indian hostilities&mdash;Attack on Bryant's
+station&mdash;Villany of Simon Girty<div class="right">Page&nbsp;91</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII"><b>CHAPTER VII.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Disastrous defeat at the Blue Licks&mdash;General Clarke's
+campaign&mdash;Efforts to restore peace&mdash;Sullenness of the
+Indians&mdash;They continue their massacres&mdash;Stratagems on the
+Ohio&mdash;Bold defence of Captain Hubbil&mdash;Halmar's
+campaign&mdash;St. Clair's defeat&mdash;Debate in Congress&mdash;General
+Wayne takes command&mdash;Defeats the Indians&mdash;Lays waste
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>
+their country&mdash;Concludes a treaty of peace with the
+savages in August, 1795<div class="right">Page&nbsp;109</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII"><b>CHAPTER VIII.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+Happiness of the settlers&mdash;Boone roams through the
+wilderness&mdash;Civilization sickens him&mdash;He loses his
+lands&mdash;Moves to the Kanhawa&mdash;Disappointed in finding
+game&mdash;Moves to Missouri&mdash;Purchase of Missouri from the
+French&mdash;Anecdote related by Mr. Audubon&mdash;Boone loses his
+wife&mdash;His sorrow&mdash;War with England&mdash;His old age&mdash;His
+habits&mdash;He dies in 1818.<div class="right">Page&nbsp;127</div>
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+<div class="contentheader"><a href="#APPENDIX"><b>APPENDIX.</b></a><br /><br /></div>
+<div class="contentblock">
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>
+The adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone, formerly a
+hunter; containing a narrative of the wars of Kentucky,
+as given by himself.<div class="right">Page&nbsp;143</div>
+<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>
+
+
+
+<h1>THE</h1><h1> ADVENTURES OF DANIEL BOONE.</h1>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_s.jpg" width= "150" height= "404" alt="S" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 114px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">S</span>OME men choose to live in crowded
+cities;&mdash;others are pleased with the peaceful quiet of a country
+farm; while some love to roam through wild forests, and make their homes
+in the wilderness. The man of whom I shall now speak, was one of this last
+class. Perhaps you never heard of <span class="smcap">Daniel Boone</span>,
+the Kentucky rifleman. If not, then I have a strange and interesting
+story to tell you.</p>
+
+<p>If, when a child was born, we knew that he was to become a remarkable
+man, the time and place of his birth would, perhaps, be always
+remembered. But as this can not be known, great mistakes are often
+made on these points. As to the time when Daniel Boone
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>
+was born, there is no difficulty; but people have fallen into many blunders
+about the place. Some have said that he was born in England, before
+his parents left that country; others that he came into this world
+during the passage of his parents across the Atlantic. One has told us
+that he was born in Virginia; another in Maryland; while many have
+stated that he was a native of North Carolina. These are all mistakes.
+Daniel Boone was born in the year 1746, in Bucks county, in the state
+of Pennsylvania.</p>
+
+<p>From some cause or other, when the boy was but three years old, his
+parents moved from this home, and settled upon the Schuylkill river,
+not far from the town of Reading. Here they lived for ten years; and
+it was during this time that their son Daniel began to show his
+passion for hunting. He was scarcely able to carry a gun, when he was
+shooting all the squirrels, rackoons, and even wild-cats (it is said),
+that he could find in that region. As he grew older, his courage
+increased, and then we find him amusing himself with higher game.
+Other lads in the neighborhood were soon taught by him the use of the
+rifle, and were then able to join him in his adventures. On one
+occasion, they all started out for a hunt, and after amusing
+themselves till it was almost dark, were returning homeward, when
+suddenly a wild cry was heard in the woods. The boys screamed out,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>
+"A panther! a panther!" and ran off as fast as they could. Boone stood
+firmly, looking around for the animal. It was a panther indeed. His
+eye lighted upon him just in the act of springing toward him: in an
+instant he levelled his rifle, and shot him through the heart.</p>
+
+<p>But this sort of sport was not enough for him. He seemed resolved to
+go away from men, and live in the forests with these animals. One
+morning he started off as usual, with his rifle and dog. Night came
+on, but Daniel did not return to his home. Another day and night
+passed away, and still the boy did not make his appearance. His
+parents were now greatly alarmed. The neighbors joined them in making
+search for the lad. After wandering about a great while, they at
+length saw smoke rising from a cabin in the distance. Upon reaching
+it, they found the boy. The floor of the cabin was covered with the
+skins of such animals as he had slain, and pieces of meat were
+roasting before the fire for his supper. Here, at a distance of three
+miles from any settlement, he had built his cabin of sods and
+branches, and sheltered himself in the wilderness.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>It was while his father was living on the head-waters of the
+Schuylkill, that young Boone received, so far as we know, all his
+education. Short indeed were his schoolboy days. It happened that an
+Irish schoolmaster strolled into the settlement,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>
+ and, by the advice of Mr. Boone and other parents, opened a school in
+the neighborhood. It was not then as it is now. Good schoolhouses were
+not scattered over the land; nor were schoolmasters always able to teach
+their pupils. The schoolhouse where the boys of this settlement went
+was a log cabin, built in the midst of the woods. The schoolmaster was
+a strange man: sometimes good-humored, and then indulging the lads;
+sometimes surly and ill-natured, and then beating them severely. It
+was his usual custom, after hearing the first lessons of the morning,
+to allow the children to be out for a half hour at play, during which
+time he strolled off to refresh himself from his labors. He always
+walked in the same direction, and the boys thought that after his
+return, when they were called in, he was generally more cruel than
+ever. They were whipped more severely, and, oftentimes without any
+cause. They observed this, but did not know the meaning of it. One
+morning young Boone asked that he might go out, and had scarcely left
+the schoolroom, when he saw a squirrel running over the trunk of a
+fallen tree. True to his nature, he instantly gave chase, until at
+last the squirrel darted into a bower of vines and branches. Boone
+thrust his hand in, and, to his surprise, laid of hold of a bottle of
+whiskey. This was in the direction of his master's morning walks, and
+he thought now that he understood the secret of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>
+much of his ill-nature. He returned to the schoolroom; but when they
+were dismissed for that day, he told some of the larger boys of his
+discovery. Their plan was soon arranged. Early the next morning a
+bottle of whiskey, having tartar emetic in it, was placed in the
+bower, and the other bottle thrown away. At the usual hour, the lads
+were sent out to play, and the master started on his walk. But their
+play was to come afterward: they longed for the master to return. At
+length they were called in, and in a little time saw the success of
+their experiment. The master began to look pale and sick, yet still
+went on with his work. Several boys were called up, one after the
+other, to recite lessons, and all whipped soundly, whether right or
+wrong. At last young Boone was called out to answer questions in
+arithmetic. He came forward with his slate and pencil, and the master
+began: "If you subtract six from nine, what remains?" said he. "Three,
+sir," said Boone. "Very good," said the master; "now let us come to
+fractions. If you take three quarters from a whole number, what
+remains?"&mdash;"The whole, sir," answered Boone. "You blockhead!"
+cried the master, beating him, "you stupid little fool, how can you
+show that?"&mdash;"If I take one bottle of whiskey," said Boone, "and
+put in its place another in which I have mixed an emetic, the whole
+will remain, if nobody drinks it!" The
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>
+Irishman, dreadfully sick, was now doubly enraged. He seized Boone,
+and commenced beating him: the children shouted and roared; the
+scuffle continued, until Boone knocked the master down upon the floor,
+and rushed out of the room. It was a day of freedom now for the lads.
+The story soon ran through the neighborhood; Boone was rebuked by his
+parents, but the schoolmaster was dismissed, and thus ended the boy's
+education.</p>
+
+<p>Thus freed from school, he now returned more ardently than ever to his
+favorite pursuit. His dog and rifle were his constant companions, and
+day after day he started from home, only to roam through the forests.
+Hunting seemed to be the only business of his life; and he was never
+so happy as when at night he came home laden with game. He was an
+untiring wanderer.</p>
+
+<p>I do not know but that this passion for roaming was in some degree
+inherited by Daniel Boone. His father had already had three homes: one
+in England, one in Bucks county, and another on the Schuylkill; and he
+now thought of removing further. It is said that the passion of Daniel
+for hunting was one cause which prompted his father to think of this.
+Land was becoming scarce, the neighborhood a little crowded, and game
+less abundant; and, to mend matters, he began to cast his eyes around
+for a new home. He was not long in choosing one.
+He had heard of a rich and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+beautiful country on the banks of the Yadkin river in North
+Carolina, and he determined that this should be the next resting-place
+for him and his household.</p>
+
+<p>All things were made ready as soon as possible, and the journey
+commenced. It was a fine spring morning when the father started for
+his new home, with his wife and children, his flocks and herds. Their
+journey lay hundreds of miles through a trackless wilderness; yet with
+cheerful and fearless hearts they pressed onward. When hungry, they
+feasted upon venison and wild turkeys (for Daniel, with his rifle, was
+in company); when thirsty, they found cool springs of water to refresh
+them by the way; when wearied at night, they laid themselves down and
+slept under the wide-spreading branches of the forest. At length they
+reached the land they looked for, and the father found it to be all
+that he expected. The woods in that region were unbroken; no man
+seemed yet to have found them. Land was soon cleared, a cabin built,
+and the father in a little time found himself once more happily
+settled with his family.</p>
+
+<p>The old man with his other sons went busily to the work of making a
+farm. As for Daniel, they knew it was idle to expect his help in such
+employment, and therefore left him to roam about with his rifle. This
+was a glorious country for the youth; wild woods were all around him,
+and the game,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+having not yet learned to fear the crack of the rifle
+wandered fearlessly through them. This he thought was, of all places,
+the home for him. I hope you will not think that he was the idle and
+useless boy of the family, for it was not so. While the farm was
+improving, Daniel was supplying the family with provisions. The table
+at home was always filled with game, and they had enough and to spare.
+Their house became known as a warm-hearted and hospitable abode; for
+the wayfaring wanderer, when lost in the woods, was sure to find here
+a welcome, a shelter, and an abundance. Then, too, if money was wanted
+in the family, the peltries of the animals shot by Daniel supplied it:
+so that he was, in a large degree, the supporter of the household. In
+this way years rolled onward&mdash;the farm still enlarging and improving,
+Daniel still hunting, and the home one of constant peace, happiness,
+and plenty.</p>
+
+<p>At length the story of the success and comfort of the family brought
+neighbors around them. Different parts of the forests began to be
+cleared; smoke was soon seen rising from new cabins; and the sharp
+crack of other rifles than Daniel's was sometimes heard in the
+morning. This grieved him sadly. Most people would have been pleased
+to find neighbors in the loneliness of the woods; but what pleased
+others did not please him. They were crowding upon him; they were
+driving away
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>
+his game: this was his trouble. But, after all, there
+was one good farmer who came into the region and made his settlement;
+which settlement, as it turned out, proved a happy thing for Daniel.
+This was a very worthy man named Bryan. He cleared his land, built his
+cabin upon a sloping hill, not very far from Mr. Boone's, and before a
+great while, by dint of industry, had a good farm of more than a
+hundred acres. This farm was beautifully situated. A pretty stream of
+water almost encircled it. On the banks of the Schuylkill, Daniel
+Boone found all his education, such as it was; on the banks of the
+Yadkin he found something far better. I must tell you now of a very
+strange adventure.</p>
+
+<p>One evening, with another young friend, he started out upon what is
+called a "<i>fire-hunt</i>." Perhaps you do not know what this means. I
+will explain it to you. Two people are always necessary for a
+fire-hunt. One goes before, carrying a blazing torch of pitch-pine
+wood (or lightwood, as it is called in the southern country), while
+the other follows behind with his rifle. In this way the two hunters
+move through the forests. When an animal is startled, he will stand
+gazing at the light, and his eyes may be seen shining distinctly: this
+is called "<i>shining the eyes</i>." The hunter with the rifle, thus seeing
+him, while the other <i>shines</i> him, levels his gun with steady aim, and
+has a fair shot.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+This mode of hunting is still practised in many
+parts of our country, and is everywhere known as a <i>fire-hunt</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Boone, with his companion, started out upon such a hunt, and very soon
+reached the woods skirting the lower end of Mr. Bryan's farm. It seems
+they were on horseback, Boone being behind with the rifle. They had
+not gone far, when his companion reined up his horse, and two eyes
+were seen distinctly shining. Boone levelled his rifle, but something
+prevented his firing. The animal darted off. Boone leaped from his
+horse, left his companion, and instantly dashed after it. It was too
+dark to see plainly, still he pursued; he was close upon its track,
+when a fence coming in the way, the animal leaped it with a clear
+bound. Boone climbed over as fast as he could with his rifle, but the
+game had got ahead. Nothing daunted by this, he pushed on, until he
+found himself at last not very far from Mr. Bryan's home. But the
+animal was gone. It was a strange chase. He determined to go into Mr
+Bryan's house, and tell his adventure. As he drew near, the dogs
+raised a loud barking, the master came out, bade him welcome, and
+carried him into the house. Mr. Bryan had scarcely introduced him to
+his family as "the son of his neighbor Boone," when suddenly the door
+of the room was burst open, and in rushed a little lad of seven,
+followed by a girl of sixteen years, crying
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>
+out, "O father! father! sister is frightened to death! She went down
+to the river, and was chased by a panther!" The hunter and his game
+had met. There stood Boone, leaning upon his rifle, and Rebecca Bryan
+before him, gasping for breath. From that moment he continued to
+pursue it; Farmer Bryan's house became a favorite resort for him; he
+loved it as well as the woods. The business was now changed: Rebecca
+Bryan completely <i>shined his eyes</i>; and after a time, to the great joy
+of themselves and both families, Daniel Boone and Rebecca Bryan were
+married. It proved, as you will see, a very happy marriage to both
+parties.</p>
+
+<p>Being now a married man, it became Daniel Boone's duty to seek a new
+home for himself. In a little time, therefore, he left his wife, and
+wandered into the unsettled parts of North Carolina in search of one.
+After moving about for some time, he found, upon the head-waters of
+the Yadkin, a rich soil, covered with a heavy and once more unbroken
+forest. "Here," thought Daniel Boone, "is the resting-place for me;
+here Rebecca Bryan and myself may be happy: this shall be our home."
+He returned to his wife, and she, with a cheerful heart, joined in all
+his plans. With tears in her eyes, she bade farewell to her friends;
+yet, with a light spirit, she started off with her husband. A clearing
+in the woods was
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>
+soon made, a log cabin of his own soon built, and a
+portion of ground planted. Boone seems now to have thought that he
+must do something more than use his rifle. He was to make a home for
+his wife and busied himself, accordingly, in enlarging his farm as
+fast as he could, and industriously cultivating it. Still, on his
+busiest day, he would find a leisure hour to saunter with his gun to
+the woods, and was sure never to return without game. His own table
+was loaded with it, as when at his father's, and his house, like his
+father's, soon became known as a warm and kind shelter for the
+wandering traveller. In this industrious and quiet way of farming and
+hunting, years were spent, and Daniel Boone was contented and happy.
+Several little children were now added to his group; and, with his
+wife, his children, and his rifle, for companions, he felt that all
+was well.</p>
+
+<p>But his peace was at length disturbed once more. His old troubles
+pursued him; men again began to come near. The crash of falling trees
+was heard, as the new settlers levelled the forests; huts were seen
+springing up all around him; other hunters were roaming through the
+woods, and other dogs than his were heard barking. This was more than
+he was willing to bear. Happy as he had made his home, he determined
+to leave it, and find another in the wilderness, where he could have
+that wilderness to himself. For some time he was
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>
+at a loss to know
+where to go; yet his heart was fixed in the determination to move. The
+circumstances which pointed him to his new home, and where that new
+home was made, you may learn in the next chapter.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_m.jpg" width= "150" height= "397" alt="M" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">M</span>Y young friends all know where the
+state of Kentucky is situated. It is hardly necessary for me to say,
+that at the time of which I am writing, that region was an unbroken
+wilderness.</p>
+
+<p>It was in the year 1754 that a white man first visited the country of
+Kentucky. This was James M&#8216;Bride. In company with several others
+during that year, he was passing down the Ohio, when he discovered the
+mouth of Kentucky river, and made a landing. Near the spot where he
+landed, he cut upon a tree the first letters of his name; and these
+letters, it is said, could be seen and distinctly read for many years
+afterward. With his companions, he wandered through the wilderness;
+the country struck them all as being remarkably beautiful. It is not
+wonderful, then, that when they returned home, they were filled with
+fine stories
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>
+about the new region. They declared that it was "the
+best tract of land in North America, and probably in the world."</p>
+
+<p>In spite of their pleasant stories, however, it was a long time before
+any one was disposed to follow in their track. At length, Doctor
+Walker, of Virginia, with a number of friends, started upon a western
+tour of discovery. Some say that he was in search of the Ohio river
+particularly; others that he went merely to collect strange plants and
+flowers. Be this as it may, he with his party wandered through
+Powell's Valley, and passed the mountains at what is called the
+Cumberland Gap. They then crossed the Cumberland river, and roaming on
+through the forests, at length, after much fatigue and suffering,
+reached the Big Sandy. The country was beautiful, yet they were too
+much worn out to go further, and from this point began to return
+homeward. They had suffered more than M&#8216;Bride, and therefore their
+story was not so bright as his; yet they gave a very pleasant account
+of the new country.</p>
+
+<p>No one yet, however, seemed ready to make his home in Kentucky; and
+accident at last seems to have thrown one man into that country, whose
+story, upon his return, made some anxious to go there. This was John
+Finley, a backwoodsman of North Carolina. He was in the habit of
+roving about and trading with the Indians. In the year
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+1767, he, with certain companions as fearless as himself, led on from
+place to place by the course of trade, wandered far into Kentucky.
+Here he remained for some time. It was a very beautiful, yet, as he
+learned also, a very dangerous country. No Indian tribe lived there,
+but all the tribes roamed over it as a hunting-ground. Upon these
+hunts, the fierce and warlike people would often meet and wage their
+bloody battles. These fights were so frequent and so awful, that the
+region was known by the name of the "Dark and Bloody Ground." In spite
+of danger, Finley lived there, until at last the traders and the
+Indians began to quarrel, and, for safety's sake, he was forced to run
+off. He returned to North Carolina, filled with wonderful stories.
+Sights like those on the "Dark and Bloody Ground," were nowhere to be
+seen. The land was rich, and covered with trees and flowers; there
+were lofty mountains, beautiful valleys, and clear streams, throughout
+it. Then he spoke of the strange caves in the mountains; of curious
+salt springs; of the footprints of men to be seen distinctly upon the
+solid rocks; of the strange figures of huge animals on the sides of
+the high cliffs. Game of all sorts was abundant, from the buffalo down
+to the partridge. There was no country (he declared) like
+<i>Kain-tuck-kee</i>.
+
+<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>
+His tale was so wonderful, that people could not well help listening
+to it.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Whether John Finley was led there by a knowledge of the man's
+character, or whether it was an accident, it so happened, that about a
+year after his return, he wandered into the neighborhood of Daniel
+Boone's home. It was not long before he fell in with Boone, and
+completely charmed him with his stories. Boone had known some sport in
+the forests himself, but the adventures of Finley were to him
+marvellous. He was so much pleased with the man, that he invited him,
+as it was now winter, to come to his house, and make his home there
+through the season. The invitation was gladly accepted; and in the
+cabin of Boone, again and again was the wild beauty of the "Dark and
+Bloody Ground" laid before him. There was no end to Finley's stories
+of this region. The wind whistled without, but the fire blazed
+cheerfully within; and here they sat, on many a night, almost till
+dawn, Finley talking, and Boone listening. The end of all this was,
+that they determined, when spring opened, to go to Kentucky. Boone
+knew that there were hardships and perils in the way, and Finley had
+practically felt them; but what were dangers or difficulties to these
+fearless men? The first of May was agreed upon as the day for
+starting, and Finley was then again to meet Boone at his house.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It is not strange that other bold men, who heard Finley's stories,
+were seized with the same desire for going west. Indeed, Boone helped
+to give them that desire, knowing that a few brave spirits would be of
+great service in the new country. He talked, therefore, warmly of the
+comforts of a new home in the forest, where there was an abundance of
+game, and a complete absence of towns and villages. Accordingly, on
+the first of May, 1769, when Finley repaired to Boone's house, he
+found four others ready for the adventure: these were John Stewart,
+Joseph Holden, James Monay, and William Cool. The people in the
+neighborhood, learning what was going on, had likewise gathered to
+look with surprise upon these six men. What could prompt men to leave
+the comforts of their quiet homes, and wander off into the wilderness?
+They surely were crazy. Boone was much beloved as a kind neighbor, and
+they mourned most over his madness. Nothing daunted by all this, they
+were then ready for a start, and were now on the point of leaving. We
+are told that, with tears in his eyes, Daniel Boone kissed his wife
+and children; and if the story be true, I love him the more for it.
+His spirit was beating for his new hunting-forests; he could face all
+the dangers of the "Dark and Bloody Ground," but then it was doubtful
+whether he was not parting with his wife and children for ever. At all
+events, he was leaving
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>
+them for months, perhaps for years&mdash;he knew
+not how long&mdash;and who can wonder that tears stood in his eyes? Each
+man shouldered his rifle, shot-bag, powder-horn, and knapsack, and off
+they started&mdash;every neighbor straining his eyes after them as far as
+he could see, as the men upon whom he was looking for the last time.</p>
+
+<p>For two or three days they saw nothing new, for they were passing over
+their old hunting-grounds. After this, they came to a wild and
+trackless region, and saw from time to time the lofty ridge of
+mountains which separated them from the western country. In two days
+more, the provisions with which they had started gave out, and the
+first thing to be done was to find a fresh supply. Accordingly they
+halted, chose a suitable spot for their camp, and part of them
+commenced building it of logs and branches; the others went into the
+woods in search of game. It was impossible for such men to starve in
+such a region; game was abundant. The hunters returned toward night,
+with several deer and wild turkeys. The camp was finished, a bright
+fire was burning, and in a little time the venison was dressed,
+cooked, and eaten. The supper was scarcely finished, when they saw
+dark clouds gathering, and presently they were visited by a tremendous
+thunder-storm. The sharp lightning flashed through the woods, and the
+rain poured down in torrents; yet, in their camp they fearlessly
+sheltered
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
+ themselves, the branches covering them from the rain. A man
+can scarcely be placed during a thunder-storm in a more dangerous
+place than a forest: every tree is a mark for the lightning; yet these
+men were calm and self-possessed, and were mercifully protected.</p>
+
+<p>The storm having passed over, they made their arrangements for the
+night. For safety's sake, two men were to keep a constant watch, while
+the others slept; and in this duty of watching, they were to take
+turns. About midnight, while Boone and Holden were keeping the watch,
+a sharp shrill cry was heard in the woods. They sprang to their feet.
+"What noise is that?" said Holden. The sound was familiar to Boone.
+"Be still," said he; "it is only a panther; come along with me."
+Moving cautiously from the camp, they listened again for the cry. Once
+more they heard it. Creeping through the woods in the direction of the
+sound, they at length saw through the darkness the wild, glaring eyes
+of the animal. Boone levelled his rifle with steady aim, and fired.
+With a wild yell the panther fell to the ground, and began to retreat.
+Both were satisfied that the ball had struck him, and returned again
+to the camp. The crack of the rifle had waked their companions; the
+adventure was made known to them, and they went quietly to sleep
+again, satisfied that for the rest of the night at least that panther
+would not disturb them.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The next day was a very busy one. Finding game so plenty in the
+neighborhood, they determined to lay in a good supply. Part of them
+were therefore out in the woods, hunting, while the rest were in the
+camp, smoking, drying, and packing the venison for the journey.
+Fatigued with these labors, when night came they gladly laid
+themselves down, and, like wearied men, slept soundly.</p>
+
+<p>By the first ray of the morning's light the camp was stirring.
+Shouldering their rifles and knapsacks, they started on their way. In
+a little time they found a dead panther. Boone declared that this was
+his panther; the animal was killed with one ball, and by comparing
+that ball with those in his shot-bag, he found they were of the same
+size. In two or three days they reached the foot of the mountains, and
+began to ascend. Their journey was now rough and wearisome, and they
+made slow progress. To any men but these, the mountains might have
+proved impassable; but they were bent upon finding the new
+hunting-grounds of Kentucky, and nothing could keep them back. After
+climbing the hills day after day, they found once more that their
+provisions were gone, and were again forced to halt. Their camp was
+built on the side of the mountain, and their rifles easily supplied
+their wants. The journey was rigorously renewed, and after many days
+of further struggling, they at length found themselves on one of the
+tops of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>
+Allegany ridge. Here they were, upon Cumberland mountain.
+At this place they halted once more, to look down upon the magnificent
+prospect which was spread out before them. This was their first view
+of the new region, and they felt that it was all that Finley had
+described it to be. It was indeed a glorious country. The land was
+covered with trees and flowers; there were the rolling hills, and the
+beautiful valleys, and the clear sparkling streams, of which he had
+spoken.</p>
+
+<p>The prospect was too beautiful to allow them to tarry long: they
+panted to be in that country. With more earnest desires than ever,
+they commenced descending the mountains. This part of the journey was
+comparatively easy. In a few days now they reached the western base of
+the hills, and entered a lovely plain. Here, for the first time, the
+new hunters saw the finest of western game&mdash;a herd of buffaloes. From
+the skirt of the wood at the end of the plain, a countless troop of
+these animals came rushing over it. The men were delighted; they had
+heard of these noble beasts of the forest, but none of them, except
+Finley, had ever seen one. As the mass came tramping toward them, they
+stood gazing in astonishment. Finley, who knew that men were sometimes
+trampled to death by these moving troops, kept his eye steadily upon
+the herd until the foremost was within rifle-shot; he then levelled
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
+his gun, and the leader fell dead. With a wild bellow the herd parted
+on each side of the fallen animal, and went scampering through the
+plain. There seemed no end to the number, as they still came rushing
+from the wood. The mass appeared closing again in a solid body, when
+he seized Holden's rifle, and shot another. Now they were completely
+routed; branching off on the two sides of the plain, they went
+bellowing and tearing past them. "An amazing country, this!" cried
+Boone; "who ever beheld such an abundance?" The camp was once more
+soon built, a blazing fire made, and, for the first time in their
+lives, five of these men sat down to a supper of buffalo-meat. They
+talked of their new country, the quantity of game, and how joyously
+they would roam through the huge forests, until the night had worn far
+away.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning, after breakfast, they packed up such portions of the
+animals as they could readily carry, and resumed their march. In a
+little time they reached Red river. Here Finley began to feel more at
+home, for on this river he had lived. Following the course of the
+stream, ere long they came to the place which had been his
+trading-post with the Indians. They had been more than a month
+reaching this point, and, naturally enough, were wearied. Finley, too,
+could no longer guide them; and here, for the present, they
+determined
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>
+ to halt again. It was now the seventh day of June.</p>
+
+<p>As this was to be their headquarters for some time, they built at once
+a substantial log cabin. They were now fairly in the wilds of
+Kentucky; and remembering that the whole region was the
+fighting-ground of the wandering Indians, the cabin was built not only
+to protect them from the weather, but to answer as a sort of fort
+against the savages. This shelter being provided, their whole time now
+was given to hunting and exploring the country. Hunting was a pastime
+indeed, the game was so abundant. They could look out upon herds of
+buffaloes scattered through the canebrakes, browsing upon the leaves
+of the cane, or cropping the tall grass; the deer bounded fearlessly
+by the very door of their hut, and wild turkeys were to be found
+everywhere. Everything was in a state of nature; the animals had not
+yet learned to be afraid of man. Of course, they did not suffer with
+hunger: provisions of the finest kind were ever in their cabin. But
+the buffaloes provided them with more than food. From time to time, as
+they needed moccasins for their feet, his skin supplied them; and when
+at night they felt the dampness of the weather, his hide was the
+blanket in which they wrapped themselves and slept soundly.</p>
+
+<p>The country, as they wandered through it, struck them as beautiful
+indeed. There were the lofty
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
+trees of the forest, with no undergrowth
+except the cane, the grass, and the flowers. They seemed to have been
+planted by the hand of man at regular distances. Clear streams were
+seen winding through lovely meadows, surrounded by the gently-sloping
+hills; and the fearless buffalo and deer were their companions every
+hour. In their wanderings they came several times to hard and
+well-tramped roads. It was by following these that they discovered
+many of the salt springs or licks where salt is made even now. The
+roads to these were worn thus hard by the buffaloes and other animals
+that were in the habit of visiting the springs.</p>
+
+<p>The place of Finley's old trading-post, where their cabin now stood,
+seems to have been chosen by him not only as a central point for
+trade: it was on the side of a finely-sloping hill, and commanded a
+good view of the country below. The situation was beautiful. Perhaps
+he chose it when he was a lonely white man in the wilderness, because
+thence he might readily see the approach of Indians, and make his
+escape, or perhaps it was the very beauty of the spot that charmed
+him. He had a love for the beautiful. One day, he and Boone were
+standing by the door of the cabin. The wind was sighing in the tops of
+the forest, and while they were listening to the music, they were
+looking out upon the beautiful region below; the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>
+ grass was green, and
+the bright flowers turned up their leaves to the sun. "Glorious
+country!" cried Finley; "this wilderness does indeed blossom like the
+rose."&mdash;"Yes," replied Boone, "and who would live amid the barren
+pine-hills of North Carolina, to hear the screaming of the jay, and
+now and then shoot a deer too lean to be eaten? This is the land for
+hunters. Here man and beast may grow to their full size."</p>
+
+<p>In this way, for more than six months, these men fearlessly hunted and
+roamed through the woods. Contrary to their expectations, through the
+whole summer they saw no Indians, nor did they meet with any
+remarkable adventure. The precaution of a nightly watch was adopted,
+but they met with no disturbance from man or beast. They had glorious
+sport by day, and slept quietly at night. After this, as you will see,
+they began to meet difficulties.</p>
+
+<p>On the 22d of December, Boone and Stewart started off, as they had
+often done before, upon an exploring tour. After wandering several
+miles, they pressed their way through a piece of thick woods, and came
+out upon a boundless open forest. Here they found quantities of
+persimmon-trees, loaded with ripe fruit, while clusters of wild grapes
+covered the vines that were hanging from the lofty branches. Flowers
+were still in bloom, and scented the air; herds of animals might be
+seen through
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>
+the forest in every direction: add to this that the day
+was beautiful, and you will not be surprised to learn that they
+continued to wander&mdash;indeed, that they wandered much further than they
+supposed. It was nearly dark when they reached the Kentucky river, and
+stood looking upon its rippling waters. Perceiving a hill close by,
+they climbed it, that they might take a better view of the course of
+the stream. They were now descending, on their way homeward, when
+suddenly they heard an Indian yell, and out rushed from the canebrake
+a party of savages. They had no time for resistance&mdash;indeed, time was
+nothing; they were overpowered by numbers. The savages seized them,
+took away their rifles and ammunition, bound them, and marched them
+off to their camp. The next morning they started off with their
+prisoners, the poor fellows not knowing where they were going, or what
+was to be done to them. They did not know one word of their language,
+and could therefore learn nothing: this much, however, they very well
+understood&mdash;that it would not do to show any signs of fear to the
+Indians; and therefore they went on cheerfully. In a little time they
+became better acquainted with their captors, and judged, from certain
+signs, that the Indians themselves had not determined what was to be
+done. Part seemed to be for sparing them, part for killing; still
+their cheer
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+fulness was the same. This apparent fearlessness deceived
+the Indians; they supposed the prisoners were well pleased with their
+condition, and did not watch them closely. On the seventh night of
+their march, the savages, as usual, made their camp, and all laid down
+to sleep. About midnight, Boone touched Stewart, and waked him: now or
+never was their time. They rose, groped their way to the rifles, and
+stole from the camp. They hardly dared to look behind them; every
+sound startled them, even the snapping of the twigs under their feet.
+Fortunately, it was dark, even if the Indians pursued. They wandered
+all that night and the whole of the next day, when at last, without
+meeting a man, they reached their own camp. But what was their
+surprise on finding the camp plundered, and not one of their
+companions to be seen? What had become of them? Perhaps they were
+prisoners; possibly they were murdered; or it might be that they had
+started back for North Carolina. They were safe, but where were their
+comrades? Wearied in body, and tormented with fears for their friends,
+they commenced preparing for the night. A sound was now heard. They
+seized their rifles, and stood ready, expecting the Indians. Two men
+were seen indistinctly approaching. "Who comes there?" cried Boone.
+"White men and friends," was the answer. Boone knew the voice. In an
+instant more, his brother
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span>
+Squire Boone, with another man, entered the
+cabin. These two men had set out from Carolina for the purpose of
+reaching them, and had for days been wandering in search of their
+camp. It was a joyous meeting&mdash;the more joyous, because unexpected.
+Big tears were again in Daniel Boone's eyes when he heard, from his
+brother, that his wife and children were well.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_w.jpg" width= "150" height= "397" alt="W" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>HEN Squire Boone had told his brother
+all the news of home, it became his turn to be a listener, while
+Daniel talked to him of all that happened since they parted. After
+telling him of the beautiful country, and their happy freedom as they
+wandered through it for six months, then came the story of his
+captivity and escape. That escape was but just now made, and with a
+full heart he dwelt upon this part of his story. It would not have
+been strange if Squire had now felt alarmed; but his disposition was
+much like his brother's: he loved the woods, and was afraid of
+nothing.</p>
+
+<p>In a little time, the four were once more hunting freely through the
+forests. Signs of Indians were to be seen around, however; possibly
+they were
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
+ the very Indians who had captured them. In their wanderings,
+therefore, they kept together usually, for self-protection.
+One day, they started out upon a buffalo-hunt. As they came upon a
+herd of these animals, Stewart lodged his ball in one of them, without
+bringing him down. The buffalo went tearing through the forest; and
+Daniel Boone, with Stewart, forgetful of everything else, went chasing
+after him. Naturally enough, like excited men, they had no idea how
+far they had travelled, until their very weariness reminded them that
+it was time to turn back. Tired as he was, a harder race was now
+before Boone. They had scarcely started on their return, when a party
+of Indians rushed from the canebrake, and let fly their arrows.
+Stewart fell dead on the spot. Boone would have fired his rifle, but
+he felt it was useless: he could kill but one man; his only chance of
+escape was in flight. With Indian yells and arrows close behind him,
+he leaped forward, and, by tremendous exertions, at last distanced his
+pursuers. When he reached the camp, he fell, completely exhausted.</p>
+
+<p>The party, now cut down to three, was in a little time reduced to two.
+From some cause or other, they could not tell what&mdash;possibly the sad
+story of Stewart's death, and the fear of like troubles&mdash;the companion
+who had come out with Squire Boone determined upon returning to North<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>
+Carolina. Very soon, therefore, he left them alone in the
+wilderness.
+<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>
+</p>
+
+
+<p>It is not strange that, being thus deserted, Squire Boone felt
+restless and dissatisfied; the wonder is, that Daniel was not
+dissatisfied likewise. But he was happy and contented, and often
+struggled to call up the same feelings in his brother. "You see," he
+would often say, "how little nature requires, to be satisfied.
+Happiness, the companion of content, is rather found in our own
+breasts than in the enjoyment of external things. I firmly believe it
+requires but a little philosophy to make a man happy in whatsoever
+state he is. This consists in a full resignation to the will of
+Providence; and a resigned soul finds pleasure in a path strewed with
+briars and thorns." This was good counsel, my young friends, and I
+hope you will bear it with you through life. It will serve to comfort
+you as much as it did Squire Boone.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>To be idle, was to allow time for this melancholy, and Daniel Boone
+kept his brother constantly busy. The Indians, they were certain,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>
+knew where their present camp was, and therefore they resolved to
+make another. After choosing their spot, they employed themselves
+industriously in erecting another cabin, which might serve to shelter
+them through the coming winter. This being finished, they went to
+their old sport, wandering through the woods, admiring the country,
+and bringing down now and then a buffalo or a deer with their rifles.
+At night, they would return to their camp, raise a fire, cook their
+supper, and sit till long after midnight, talking of their old home on
+the Yadkin. Squire forgot his loneliness, and became quite satisfied.
+In this way time rolled off until the winter had passed away, and
+spring appeared. Strangely enough, they had been undisturbed; they had
+met not even with one Indian.</p>
+
+<p>They had learned in the wilderness to dispense well nigh with all
+comforts; food and sleep were all they expected. But their powder and
+shot were now beginning to run low, and without these they could not
+long procure food. It was necessary, therefore, to make some
+arrangement whereby they might obtain a fresh supply. Their plan was
+soon settled: Squire Boone was to go back to North Carolina, and
+return with ammunition. They supposed horses would be valuable, also,
+and he was likewise to bring with him two of these. Perilous as the
+plan was, Squire agreed to bear his part in it, and Daniel as
+cheerfully consented to his. Accordingly,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+on the first day of May,
+Squire set off for the Yadkin; and, as if nothing was to be wanting to
+leave Daniel in perfect loneliness, their only dog followed Squire as
+he started.</p>
+
+<p>Here, then, Daniel Boone was left entirely alone. Here he was a sort
+of Robinson Crusoe in the wilderness&mdash;with this difference, that
+Robinson was shipwrecked, and had no choice; while Boone chose the
+wilderness as his home. He was now completely the "man of the
+woods"&mdash;far away, hundreds of miles from any white settlement. For the
+first time in his life, according to his own confession, he felt
+lonely. His mind was filled with the remembrance of his wife and
+children, and the thought that he should never see them again. He
+knew, however, that sad thoughts, when indulged in, will grow very
+rapidly, and therefore dismissed them.</p>
+
+<p>For safety's sake now, he changed his camp every night, that he might
+avoid the Indians. Sometimes he slept in the canebrake; sometimes he
+laid himself by the side of a stream; sometimes in the caves of the
+rocks. By day he was surrounded by his old companions the buffaloes
+and deer, and at night was not unfrequently disturbed by the howling
+of the wolves. He roamed over many a beautiful tract of country. Now
+he would ascend a hill, and look down upon the scene spread like a map
+before him; now he would trace some stream
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span>
+ to its source, or,
+following the well-tramped roads of the buffaloes, would find some
+spring bubbling in the forest. In this way he moved over a large part
+of the country. At one time, he struck the Ohio river, and wandered
+for days on the banks of that noble stream. It is said, that in his
+rambles, he one day stood upon the spot where the city of Louisville
+now stands. He learned to love the woods more than ever. Long after
+this, he used to declare, that "no crowded city, with all its commerce
+and noble buildings, could give him as much pleasure as the beauty of
+Kentucky at that time afforded him."</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, he met no Indians. At one time he came in sight of a
+roving party, but managed to escape from them. The mode in which he
+escaped will show you his perfect self-possession. He had stopped one
+day to rest under the shade of a tree, when suddenly he spied the
+party in the distance. This was enough for him. He immediately
+commenced his course through the forest, hoping that they had not seen
+him, and therefore would not pursue. From time to time he would look
+back through the woods; and at length became convinced, to his sorrow,
+that if they had not seen him, they had marked his tracks, and were
+now on his trail. He pushed on for more than two miles, trying in
+various ways to break the trail, and thus put them out; still, as he
+looked
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span>
+back, he could see that they were following him He was puzzled
+to know what to do. A happy thought now struck him. He had just passed
+the brow of a small hill; the heavy grape-vines were hanging from the
+trees all around him. He seized one of these, and, bracing himself
+against the tree with his feet, threw himself as far as he could. This
+broke the trail, and he now kept directly on from the spot where he
+landed, in a different direction. The Indians came up, tracking him as
+far as the tree: were then lost, and gave up the chase.</p>
+
+<p>Another adventure is told of him during his lonely wanderings, more
+perilous even than this. One day he heard a strange noise in the
+woods; he could see nothing, but stood ready with his rifle. Presently
+an immense she-bear was seen approaching him. Surrounded by her young
+cubs, she was doubly fierce. As she came near, Boone levelled his
+rifle and fired. Unfortunately, his steady eye failed this time; the
+ball did not strike as he had aimed, and the animal pressed forward,
+the more enraged. It was impossible to load again: the bear was upon
+him; he had only time to draw his hunting-knife from his belt. The
+bear laid her paws on him, and drew him toward her. The rifle in his
+left hand was a sort of guard, while with his right he pointed the
+knife directly for the heart of the animal. As she grasped him, the
+knife entered her body, and she fell dead.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>As the time drew near for the return (as he thought) of his brother,
+Boone went back to the old camp where they had lodged together, to
+meet him. Here day after day he kept his lookout&mdash;day after day he was
+disappointed. He began now to be very sad. He did not doubt his
+brother's fidelity; he knew he would not desert him; but there were
+many dangers by the way, and perhaps he had perished. Then he thought,
+too, of his wife and little ones. If that brother had perished, he
+likewise must die without seeing them. Without ammunition to procure
+food, or defend himself, what could he do? He must die, there in the
+wilderness. His brother had been absent now nearly three months:
+surely it was time for his return. Another day of disappointment was
+now drawing to a close, as Boone sat, sick at heart, by the door of
+his cabin. A sound broke on his ear; he rose and stood listening, with
+his hand on the lock of his rifle. It was the tread of horses. The
+next moment he saw his brother through the forest leading two horses
+heavily laden. Here was abundance of ammunition and other comfort. The
+evening of the 27th of July was long after this remembered by Daniel
+Boone as one of the most joyous of his life.</p>
+
+<p>A fire was soon made, their supper cooked, and long after midnight
+they sat talking. Thousands of questions were asked and answered,
+until,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+wearied out, at last they lay down to sleep. The sun was high
+in the heavens when they waked in the morning.</p>
+
+<p>After breakfast, Daniel Boone proposed a new plan to his brother. Much
+as he loved the woods, he felt that two men could hardly be safe in
+the neighborhood of so many Indians. Moreover he longed to see his
+family: the stories of Squire had called up fresh recollections in his
+heart. The plan therefore was, to select a suitable spot for their
+home, then return to Carolina and bring out his family. Squire readily
+assented to this; and now they employed themselves for several days in
+hunting and laying in a supply of provisions. This being done, they
+went to the Cumberland river, and wandered for some time along the
+stream without finding a place to please them. Roaming about now, they
+found many new streams, to which, as the first discoverers, they gave
+names. Anxious as they were to return to the Yadkin, they were in no
+such hurry as to neglect making a full survey. The whole winter passed
+away before they pleased themselves. At length they came upon the
+Kentucky river. Here the lands delighted them. On the banks of this
+stream they determined to make their settlement, and now (March, 1771)
+turned their faces homeward. As he left the chosen spot, Boone says
+that "he felt it was a second paradise, and was resolved, at the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>
+ risk
+of his life and fortune, that his family should have a home there."</p>
+
+<p>As they journeyed eastward from the Kentucky river, they occasionally
+blazed their pathway (as huntsmen say) that they might find their way
+back. It was necessary thus to leave some track through the forest
+wilderness, that they might again reach their chosen spot.
+<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>
+Fortunately they met with no Indians.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>We hear of but one adventure on their way homeward. After travelling
+quietly several days, they were one morning startled by a noise.
+Presently a herd of buffaloes came rushing and tearing through the
+forest; they seemed frantic. The cause of all this was soon seen. A
+panther, seated upon the back of one of the buffaloes, had plunged his
+claws and teeth into him. The blood was streaming down his sides, and
+the poor animal, struggling to shake him off, rushed into the midst of
+the herd. This frightened the rest, and they went bellowing and
+dashing through the woods. Daniel Boone raised his rifle, and sent a
+ball through the panther. He fell dead. Not far off they met a pack of
+wolves, following as usual in
+ <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
+the track of the buffaloes. For the fun
+of seeing them scatter, Squire now fired his rifle, and away they
+went, scampering in all directions.</p>
+
+<p>In due time they came to the mountains. After trying to ascend in
+various places, at length they found a narrow and rugged gap, through
+which with great difficulty they made their way. It was, however, the
+best pass they could discover, and they blazed their track, that they
+might find it again. In a little time now, Daniel Boone was again in
+his cabin on the banks of the Yadkin. I need hardly say there was a
+joyous meeting; he was once more happy in the bosom of his family. He
+had been absent nearly two years.</p>
+
+<p>Amid the joys of home, however, he did not forget his chosen spot in
+Kentucky; his heart was filled with the thought that his happy home
+might be happier there. As this was to be his final move, it was
+necessary to settle all his business on the Yadkin; and as he had
+tried the wilderness, he felt that a few trusty companions would be
+invaluable in that new region. He commenced, therefore, making what he
+thought proper preparations for a return. To beat up such neighbors as
+they desired, he and Squire gave glowing accounts of the new country;
+the rich lands, the forests, the streams, the flowers, and the game,
+were all talked of. They saw only, and consequently spoke only, of the
+bright side of the picture.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>
+But there were numbers of people to talk
+of difficulties; these spoke of the folly of the Boones, in thinking
+of making such a country their home, and the madness of any man who
+should think of following them; the country was wild, and all who
+settled there must suffer many privations: then, too (according to
+their story), it was afflicted with terrible diseases, and they might
+all expect to die there, or, if they escaped the climate, they must
+fall into the hands of the fierce and cruel Indians who roamed through
+those forests; the place they declared was so dangerous that it was
+known, wherever it was known, as "the dark and bloody ground." With
+these sad stories floating about continually, it is not wonderful that
+the Boones found difficulty in beating up companions, and that more
+than two years passed away before they were ready for a start. At the
+end of that time they found that, while many were opposed to them, and
+others wavering as to what they would do, there were some, prompted by
+a spirit of bold adventure, ready to join them. Five families were
+willing to go with them to Kentucky.</p>
+
+<p>Daniel Boone now sold his farm, and all things being made ready, on
+the 25th of September, 1773, the little company bade farewell to their
+friends and started for the west, driving before them their flocks and
+their herds. In their route, not a great
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span>
+ way from the Yadkin, was the
+settlement of Powel's valley. The story of their plan had spread
+through the neighborhood, and when they reached this spot they were
+delighted to find that the people were not so timid as those on the
+Yadkin: forty men here joined the party. Now they travelled on in high
+spirits; the whole body, old and young, numbering between seventy and
+eighty souls.</p>
+
+<p>In a little time they came to the mountains, and found the pathway
+blazed by the Boones. In less than a fortnight they passed the first
+ridge of the Alleganies, known as "Powel's range," and were now
+quietly descending the second, known as "Walden's range," when sorrow
+overtook them. They were in a dark and narrow gap, when the wild yell
+of Indians broke upon their ears. The savages rushed into the gap
+behind them, and let fly their arrows. Six of the party fell dead, a
+seventh was wounded. The men rallied around the women and children;
+the first discharge of their rifles scattered the savages. But the
+mischief was done; the sudden attack of the Indians was like a flash
+of lightning; they were seen only for an instant; yet, like the
+lightning, they had done their work: there were the dead, and alas!
+among them was the oldest son of Daniel Boone.</p>
+
+<p>The party, a little time before so happy, was
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span>
+ now in deep sorrow.
+What was to be done? The Indians had not only killed their companions,
+but their flocks and herds had all fled in fright, and could not be
+again gathered together. In dismay, the greater part were for
+retreating instantly to the nearest white settlement; this was upon
+the Clinch river, forty miles behind them. The Boones begged them to
+keep on their way&mdash;not to think of turning back; but it was all to no
+purpose; most of them insisted on retreating, and they at length
+yielded to the general desire. Accordingly, the dead were decently
+buried, and in great sadness they all traced their way back to Clinch
+river.</p>
+
+<p>Here Daniel Boone remained with his family eight months. At the end of
+that time he was requested by Governor Dunmore, of Virginia, to go to
+the falls of the Ohio, to serve as a guide to a party of surveyors who
+had been sent there some months before. The western country was now
+beginning to attract attention, and the Indians were becoming very
+hostile to the whites. Accordingly, on the 6th of June, 1774, he
+started (with one man, Michael Stoner), and without any accident
+reached the point at which he aimed&mdash;the spot where Louisville now
+stands. The service for the surveyors was promptly performed, and they
+were enabled to complete their work, while Boone was at liberty to
+return to his family.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>
+It is remarkable that he made this journey on
+foot, a distance of eight hundred miles, through a trackless
+wilderness, in the short period of sixty-two days.</p>
+
+<p>He was not allowed to remain quiet long; soon after his return, the
+Indians northwest of the Ohio, especially the Shawanese, made open war
+upon the whites. Governor Dunmore felt bound to protect his
+countrymen, and, among other acts for their defence, sent Daniel
+Boone, with the title of captain, to take command of three garrisons.
+This service was likewise well performed; matters were soon more
+quiet, the soldiers were discharged, and Boone was relieved from his
+post.</p>
+
+<p>He had not been a wanderer in the woods in vain; his fame had gone
+abroad, and his services were in the following spring sought again. A
+company of gentlemen in North Carolina&mdash;the principal man of whom was
+Colonel Richard Henderson&mdash;were attempting to purchase the lands on
+the south side of the Kentucky river, from the Cherokee Indians.
+<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>
+They had agreed to hold a treaty with the Indians, at Wataga, in
+March, 1775, to settle the boundaries of their intended purchase, and
+they now desired Boone to attend that treaty, and manage their
+business. In compliance with their wish, he went to Wataga, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span>
+performed their service so well, that they gave him further
+employment. He was now requested to mark out a road from their
+settlement, through the wilderness, to Kentucky river. This was a work
+of great labor. It was necessary to make many surveys to find the best
+route, and when the best was found, it was, much of it, over mountains
+and rugged regions. With a number of laborers, he commenced the work.
+He met with two attacks from the Indians by the way, in which four of
+his men were killed, and five wounded. Undaunted, he pushed resolutely
+on, and, in the month of April, reached the Kentucky river. To guard
+themselves from the savages, they immediately commenced the building
+of a fort at a salt lick, about sixty yards from the south bank of the
+stream. The Indians annoyed them from time to time, while they were
+thus engaged, but fortunately killed but one man. On the 14th day of
+June the fort was finished, and Boone started back for his family on
+Clinch river. As an honor to him, the party gave to this first
+settlement in the wilderness of Kentucky the name of Boonesborough.</p>
+
+<p>He reached his family without accident, and, as rapidly as he could,
+retraced his way with them through the forest. The fort consisted of
+several cabins, surrounded by pickets ten feet high, planted firmly in
+the ground. In one of these, Daniel
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>
+Boone found a shelter for his
+family. The long desire of his heart was at last gratified: he had a
+home in Kentucky. He was the first settler of that region, and (as he
+proudly said) his "wife and daughter the first white women that ever
+stood on the banks of Kentucky river."
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_i.jpg" width= "150" height= "397" alt="I" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 114px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">I</span>T was now the season of autumn;
+the trees had not yet shed their leaves, and the forests were still
+beautiful. Mrs. Boone felt happy as she looked upon her new home.
+Winter came, and glided rapidly and joyously away. With their axes and
+rifles, the men in the settlement brought in constant and ample
+supplies of fuel and game, and around the blazing hearth of Daniel
+Boone there was not one in the family who sighed for the old home on
+the Yadkin. Boone naturally supposed that a fear of the Indians would
+be the principal trouble with his wife; and well she might dread them,
+remembering the loss of her son formerly in the pass of the mountains.
+Fortunately, however, she did not see an Indian through the season.
+But one white man was killed by them during the winter, and he lost
+his life by unfortunately wandering away from
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span>
+the fort unarmed. After this, the other settlers were more prudent;
+they never went without the pickets for fuel without taking their
+rifles.</p>
+
+<p>When spring opened, they were soon very busy. A small clearing without
+the pickets was first made for a garden-spot. Mrs. Boone and her
+daughter brought out their stock of garden-seeds, and commenced
+cultivating this, while the men went on earnestly in the work of
+preparing for their fields. They were calculating that they were
+making their homes for life. Day after day the neighborhood resounded
+with the crash of falling trees, as these hardy men levelled the
+forests. While they were thus engaged, they were made happy by a new
+arrival. Colonel Calloway, an old companion of Boone's, led by the
+desire of finding his old friend and a new country, came out to the
+settlement this spring, and brought with him his two young daughters.
+Here, then, were companions for Boone's daughter. The fathers were
+happy, and the mother and girls delighted.</p>
+
+<p>Spring had not passed away, however, before they were in sorrow about
+these children. When the wild flowers began to bloom in the woods, the
+girls were in the habit of strolling around the fort and gathering
+them to adorn their humble homes. This was an innocent and pleasant
+occupation; it pleased the girls as well as their parents.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+They were only cautioned not to wander far, for fear of the Indians.
+This caution, it seems, was forgotten. Near the close of a beautiful
+day in July, they were wandering, as usual, and the bright flowers
+tempted them to stroll thoughtlessly onward. Indians were in ambush;
+they were suddenly surrounded, seized, and hurried away, in spite of
+their screams for help. They were carried by their captors to the main
+body of the Indian party, some miles distant. Night came, and the
+girls did not return; search was made for them, and they were nowhere
+to be found. The thought now flashed upon Boone that the children were
+prisoners; the Indians had captured them. The parents were well nigh
+frantic: possibly the girls were murdered. Boone declared that he
+would recover his child, if alive, if he lost his own life in the
+effort. The whole settlement was at once roused: every man offered to
+start off with the two fathers in search of the children. But Boone
+would not have them all; some must remain behind, to protect the
+settlement. Of the whole number he chose seven; he and Calloway headed
+them; and, in less time than I have been telling the story, laden with
+their knapsacks and rifles, they were off in pursuit.</p>
+
+<p>Which way were they to go? It was a long time before they could find a
+track of the party. The wily Indians, as usual, had used all their
+cunning
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>
+in hiding their footprints and breaking their trail. Covering
+their tracks with leaves; walking at right angles occasionally from
+the main path; crossing brooks by walking in them for some time, and
+leaving them at a point far from where they entered: all this had been
+practised, and I presume that the fathers never would have got on the
+track if the girls had not been as cunning as their captors. After
+wandering about for some time, they came at length to a brook, and
+waded along it for a great while in search of footprints. They looked
+faithfully far up and down the stream, for they knew the Indian
+stratagem. Presently Calloway leaped up for joy. "God bless my child!"
+cried he; "they have gone this way." He had picked up a little piece
+of riband which one of his daughters had dropped, purposely to mark
+the trail. Now they were on the track. Travelling on as rapidly as
+they could, from time to time they picked up shreds of handkerchiefs,
+or fragments of their dresses, that the girls had scattered by the
+way. Before the next day ended, they were still more clearly on the
+track. They reached a soft, muddy piece of ground, and found all the
+footprints of the party; they were now able to tell the number of the
+Indians. The close of the next day brought them still nearer to the
+objects of their search. Night had set in; they were still wandering
+on, when, upon reaching a small hill,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+they saw a camp-fire in the distance. They were now delighted; this
+surely was the party that had captured the girls. Everything was left
+to the management of Boone. He brought his men as near the fire as he
+dared approach, and sheltered them from observation under the brow of
+a hill. Calloway and another man were then selected from the group;
+the rest were told that they might go to sleep: they were, however, to
+sleep on their arms, ready to start instantly at a given signal.
+Calloway was to go with Boone; the other man was stationed on the top
+of the hill, to give the alarm, if necessary. The two parents now
+crept cautiously onward to a covert of bushes not far from the fire.
+Looking through, they saw fifteen or twenty Indians fast asleep in the
+camp; but where were the girls? Crawling to another spot, they pushed
+the bushes cautiously aside, and, to their great joy, saw in another
+camp the daughters sleeping in each other's arms. Two Indians with
+their tomahawks guarded this camp. One seemed to be asleep. They crept
+gently around in the rear of this. They were afraid to use their
+rifles: the report would wake the other camp. Calloway was to stand
+ready to shoot the sleeping Indian if he stirred, while Boone was to
+creep behind the other, seize, and strangle him. They were then to
+hurry off with the children. Unfortunately, they calculated wrong: the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>
+Indianwhom they supposed to be sleeping was wide awake, and, as Boone
+drew near, his shadow was seen by this man. He sprang up, and the
+woods rang with his yell. The other camp was roused; the Indians came
+rushing to this. Boone's first impulse was to use his rifle, but
+Calloway's prudence restrained him. Had he fired, it would have been
+certain destruction to parents and children. They surrendered
+themselves prisoners, pleading earnestly at the same time for their
+captive daughters. The Indians bound them with cords, placed guards
+over them, and then retired to their camp. The poor girls, roused by
+the tumult, now saw their parents in this pitiable condition. Here
+they were, likewise made captives, for their love of them.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There was no more sleep in the Indian camp that night. Till the dawn
+of the day they were talking of what should be done to the new
+prisoners: some were for burning them at the stake; others objected to
+this. Boone and Calloway were to be killed, but they were too brave to
+be killed in this way. Some proposed making them run the gauntlet. At
+last it was decided (in pity for the girls, it is said) that the
+parents should be killed in a more decent and quiet way. They were to
+be tomahawked and scalped, and the girls were still to be kept
+prisoners. With the morning's light they started out to execute the
+sentence. That the poor girls might not see their parents murdered
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span>
+the men were led off to the woods, and there lashed to two trees. Two
+of the savages stood before them with their tomahawks, while the rest
+were singing and dancing around them. At length the tomahawks were
+lifted to strike them; at that instant the crack of rifles was heard,
+and the two Indians fell dead. Another and another report was heard:
+others fell, and the rest fled in dismay. Boone's companions had saved
+them. All night long they had waited for the signal: none had been
+given; they had heard the Indian yell; they feared that they were
+taken. They had watched the camp with the greatest anxiety, and now
+had delivered them. They were instantly untied; the girls were quickly
+released, and in the arms of their parents; and they all started
+joyously homeward. Mrs. Boone was delighted to see them. The party had
+been so long gone, that she feared her husband and child were alike
+lost to her for ever.</p>
+
+<p>It is not surprising that when men found out that a settlement had
+been made in Kentucky, others were soon ready to start off for that
+fertile region. Accordingly, we find many arriving this year, and
+settling themselves in the country. Harrod, Logan, Ray, Wagin, Bowman,
+and many other fearless spirits, now threw themselves, like Boone,
+into the heart of the wilderness, and made their forts, or stations,
+as they were called. These were just like the home of Boone&mdash;nothing
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>
+more than a few log cabins, surrounded by pickets. Indeed, the country
+began now to assume so much importance in the eyes of men, that the
+Governor of Virginia thought proper to take some notice of it. When
+the legislature met, he recommended that the southwestern part of the
+county of Fincastle&mdash;which meant all the large tract of country west
+of the Alleganies now known as Kentucky&mdash;should be made into a
+separate county, by the name of Kentucky. The legislature thought it
+well to follow his advice. The new county was made, and had the
+privilege of sending two members to the Virginia legislature.</p>
+
+<p>Nor is it surprising that the Indians began now to be more violent
+than ever in their enmity. They had been unwilling before that a white
+man should cross their path as they roamed over their hunting-grounds;
+but now, when they saw clearings made, and houses built, they felt
+that the whites meant to drive them for ever from that region. Their
+hatred consequently increased now every hour. Another circumstance at
+this time served to rouse them the more against the settlers. If you
+will think of the period of which I am speaking (the year 1776),
+perhaps you may guess what it was. The colonists of America in that
+year, you will remember, declared themselves independent of Great
+Britain. In the war which followed (known among us always as the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span>
+Revolutionary War), England struggled hard to subdue them; nor was she
+always choice as to the means which she used for the purpose. She did
+not hesitate even to rouse the red men of the forests, and give them
+arms to fight the colonists. They were not only turned loose upon them
+with their own tomahawks and scalping-knives, but were well supplied
+with British rifles and balls. All the new settlements in the land
+were troubled with them, and Kentucky had to bear her part of the
+sorrow. These Indians would scatter themselves in small parties, and
+hang secretly for days and nights around the infant stations. Until
+one is acquainted with Indian stratagems, he can hardly tell how
+cunning these people are. By day they would hide themselves in the
+grass, or behind the stumps of trees, near the pathways to the fields
+or springs of water, and it was certain death to the white man who
+travelled that way. At night they would creep up to the very gateway
+of the pickets, and watch for hours for a white man. If any part of
+his person was exposed, he was sure to catch a rifle-ball. It was
+impossible to discover them, even when their mischief was done. They
+would lie in the grass flat on their bellies for days, almost under
+the very palisades. Sometimes an Indian yell would be heard near one
+point of the fort, startling all the settlers&mdash;a yell raised only to
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>
+draw them all in one direction, while the Indians did their mischief
+in another. In this sneaking mode of warfare, men, women, and
+children, were killed in many places; and not unfrequently whole
+droves of cattle were cut off.</p>
+
+<p>At length, to the great joy of the settlers, the Indians began to show
+themselves more boldly: for anything was better than these secret
+ambushes of the savages; an open enemy is not so much to be dreaded as
+a secret one. Boonesborough and Harrodsburgh (a settlement made by
+James Harrod, a bold adventurer from the banks of the Monongahela)
+were now the principal stations. Toward these, new emigrants were from
+time to time moving, and against these stations, as being the
+strongest, the Indians felt the greatest hatred, and directed their
+principal attacks. Early in the spring of 1777, a party was moving
+toward Harrodsburgh: fortunately, the Indians attacked them; for,
+though two whites were killed, the attack probably saved the
+settlement. It was only four miles from the place, and the Indians
+were now on their way there. One young man escaped in the midst of the
+fight to give the alarm at Harrodsburgh. The station was instantly put
+in a state of defence. Ere long, the Indians appeared. A brisk firing
+at once commenced on both sides; the savages saw one of their men
+fall, and finding that they were not likely to gain any advantage,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span>
+soon scattered for the woods. The whites lost one man also, and three
+were slightly wounded.</p>
+
+<p>On the 15th of April, a party of one hundred savages appeared boldly
+before Boonesborough. Every man of them was armed with his gun, as
+well as bow and arrows. Boone, however, was prepared for them, and
+gave them a warm reception&mdash;so warm, that they soon gladly retreated.
+How many of their men were killed it was impossible to tell, for they
+dragged away their dead with them. In the fort one man was killed, and
+four were badly wounded.</p>
+
+<p>Their loss this time only served to make them more revengeful. In July
+following they again came against Boonesborough, resolved upon
+vengeance. They numbered this time more than two hundred. To prevent
+any of the white settlements from sending aid to Boonesborough, they
+had sent off small parties to molest them, and keep them busy. The
+savages now commenced their attack, and for two days a constant firing
+was kept up. At last, finding their efforts again idle, they raised a
+loud yell, and returned to the forests. The whites could now count
+their slain and wounded as they dragged them off: seven were killed,
+and numbers wounded, while in the fort only one white man was slain.
+In spite of their numbers and their cunning, they did but little harm:
+for Boone was never found sleeping; he knew that Indians
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+were his neighbors, and he was always ready for them. After this, they
+learned to dread him more than ever. He now went by the name of the
+"<i>Great Long Knife</i>."</p>
+
+<p>Attacks of this kind were made from time to time openly against the
+settlements, but especially against these two principal stations. They
+all ended very much in the same way, and it would only weary you if I
+should attempt to speak of them. It is enough for you to know that the
+whites were always on the lookout, and that Boone was regarded as
+their principal leader and protector. We will pass on, therefore, to
+something more interesting.</p>
+
+<p>I have already stated that the stations of these settlers were usually
+built, for comfort's sake, in the neighborhood of salt licks or
+springs; and near such a lick, as you will remember, Boonesborough
+stood. The supply of salt, however, was not sufficient; new settlers
+were often arriving, and it became necessary to seek a place which
+would afford more of that article. Boone was the father of the
+settlement, and he undertook to find it. Having selected thirty men as
+his companions, on the 1st of January, 1778, he started for the Blue
+Licks, on Licking river&mdash;a stream, as you know, emptying itself into
+the Ohio opposite where Cincinnati now stands. Upon reaching this
+spot, the thirty men were soon very busy in making salt.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>
+Boone, having no taste for the work, sauntered off to employ himself in
+shooting game for the company. He had wandered some distance from the
+river one day, when suddenly he came upon two Indians armed with
+muskets. It was impossible for him to retreat, and the chances were
+against him if he stood. His usual coolness did not forsake him; he
+instantly jumped behind a tree. As the Indians came within gun-shot,
+he exposed himself on the side of the tree: one savage immediately
+fired, and Boone dodged the ball. One shot was thus thrown away, and
+this was just what he desired. Exposing himself immediately in
+precisely the same way, the other musket was discharged by the other
+Indian, to as little purpose. He now stepped boldly out; the Indians
+were trying hard to load again; he raised his rifle, and one savage
+fell dead. He was now on equal terms with the other. Drawing his
+hunting-knife, he leaped forward and placed his foot upon the body of
+the dead Indian; the other raised his tomahawk to strike but Boone,
+with his rifle in his left hand, warded off the blow, while with his
+right he plunged his knife into the heart of the savage. His two foes
+lay dead before him. If you should ever visit Washington city, you
+will see a memorial of this deed. The act is in sculpture, over the
+southern door of the rotundo of the capitol.</p>
+
+<p>After this he continued his hunting excursions as usual, for the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>
+benefit of his party; but he was not so fortunate the next time he met
+with Indians. On the 7th of February, as he was roaming through the
+woods, he saw a party of one hundred savages on their way to attack
+Boonesborough. His only chance for escape now was to run. He instantly
+fled, but the swiftest warriors gave chase, and before a great while
+he was overtaken and made a prisoner. He was, of all men, the one whom
+they desired to take; they could now gain, as they thought, some
+information about Boonesborough. They now carried him back to the Blue
+Licks. As they drew near, Boone, knowing that it was idle to resist,
+made signs to the salt-makers to surrender themselves. This they did,
+and thus the savages soon had in their possession twenty-eight
+captives. Fortunately for themselves, three of the men had started
+homeward with a supply of salt, and thus escaped.</p>
+
+<p>Now was the time for the savages to have attacked Boonesborough; for,
+with the loss of so many men, and Boone their leader, we may readily
+suppose that the station might have surrendered. Flushed, however,
+with the capture of their prisoners, they seem not to have thought of
+it any longer.</p>
+
+<p>The prisoners were marched immediately to Old Chilicothe, the
+principal Indian town on the Little Miami, where they arrived on the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+18th. There was great rejoicing over them when they reached this old
+settlement of the savages, though Boone says they were "treated as
+kindly as prisoners could expect." Early in the next month Boone with
+ten of his men was marched off to Detroit by forty Indians. Here
+Governor Hamilton, the British commander of that post, treated them
+with much kindness. The ten men were soon delivered up for a small
+ransom. But when the Governor offered them one hundred pounds to give
+up Boone, that he might allow him to return home, they refused to part
+with him; they looked upon him as too dangerous an enemy to be allowed
+to go free upon any terms. Several English gentlemen were moved with
+pity when they saw Boone thus a helpless prisoner, and offered to
+supply his wants. He thanked them for their feeling, but refused to
+receive any aid, stating that he never expected to be able to return
+their kindness, and therefore was unwilling to receive it. The truth
+was, he was not disposed to receive assistance from the enemies of his
+country.</p>
+
+<p>With no other prisoner than Boone, the party now started again for Old
+Chilicothe. As they drew near, after a very fatiguing march, Boone
+thought he understood why they had refused to part with him. Before
+they entered the village, they shaved his head, painted his face, and
+dressed him like themselves; they then placed in his
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>
+ hands a long
+white staff, ornamented with deers' tails. The chief of the party then
+raised a yell, and all the warriors from the village answered it, and
+soon made their appearance. Four young warriors commenced singing as
+they came toward him. The two first, each bearing a calumet, took him
+by the arms and marched him to a cabin in the village; here he was to
+remain until his fate was made known to him. Of all strange customs of
+the Indians (and he had seen many of them), this was the strangest to
+him. It is not wonderful that he thought he was now to die.</p>
+
+<p>Yet this was a common custom (it is said) among the Shawanese, who
+inhabited this village. Prisoners were often thus carried to some
+cabin, and then the Indian living in the cabin decided what should be
+done&mdash;whether the prisoner should die, or be adopted into the tribe.
+It happened that in this cabin lived an old Indian woman, who had
+lately lost a son in battle. She, of course, was to decide Boone's
+fate. She looked at him earnestly, admired his noble bearing and
+cheerful face, and at length declared that he should live. He should
+be her son, she said; he should be to her the son whom she had lost.
+The young warriors instantly announced to him his fate, and the fact
+was soon proclaimed through the village. Food was brought out and set
+before him; and every effort, which Indian love could think of, was
+used to make him happy. He was fairly one of the tribe; and the old
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
+woman who was to be his mother was especially delighted.</p>
+
+<p>He was now as free as the rest; his only sorrow was that he had to
+live among them. He knew, too, that if he should be caught trying to
+make his escape, it would be certain death to him. He pretended,
+therefore, to be cheerful and happy; and fortunately his old habits
+enabled him to play his part well. Like them, he was a man of the
+woods, and as fond of hunting as any of them. They all soon became
+attached to him, and treated him with the utmost confidence.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes large parties would go out to try their skill at their
+sports of racing and shooting at a mark. Boone was always with them;
+he knew, however, that in trials of this kind the Indians were always
+jealous if they were beaten, and therefore he had to act very
+prudently. At racing, they could excel him; but at shooting, he was
+more than a match for any of them. Still, when the target was set up,
+he was always certain to be beaten. If he shot too well, they would be
+jealous and angry; if he shot badly, they would hold him in contempt:
+and therefore he would manage to make good shots, and yet never be the
+successful man. He knew too much of Indians not to conduct himself
+properly.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes they would start out upon hunting parties. Here Boone was
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>
+at home; there was no jealousy when he brought down a buffalo or a
+deer with his rifle-ball. He might do his best; they were true hunters
+themselves, and were delighted with every successful shot. Returning
+to the village, Boone would always visit the Shawanese chief, and
+present him a portion of his game. By this kindness and civility he
+completely won the heart of the chief, and was not unfrequently
+consulted by him on important matters. Thus he passed his time,
+joining in all their modes of living; he was beloved by the old woman,
+the chief, and all the tribe: and none suspected that he was not
+contented and happy.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1st of June, a large party was starting from the village for
+the salt-licks on the Scioto, to make salt. Boone pretended to be
+indifferent whether he went or not. The truth was, however, that he
+was very anxious to go, for he thought it would afford a fine
+opportunity for him to escape. He seemed so indifferent about the
+matter, that the party urged him to accompany them, and off he
+started. For ten days most of them were busy making salt, while Boone
+and two or three of the best marksmen hunted for the benefit of the
+rest. He watched his chance for escape, but none occurred; he was
+closely observed, it was impossible for him to attempt it. To his
+great sorrow, he was forced to return home with the salt-makers.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>They had scarcely got back, when the whole village was summoned to the
+council-house, to attend a council of war. Boone, as belonging to one
+of the principal families, went to this council. Here he met four
+hundred and fifty armed Indians, all gayly painted. One of the oldest
+warriors then struck a large drum, and marched with the war-standard
+three times round the council-house: this was the sure signal that
+they were about to make war upon some enemy. But who was the enemy?
+What was Boone's surprise when it was announced that they meant to
+attack Boonesborough! He resolved now that he would escape, even at
+every hazard, and alarm the settlement. Still his prudence did not
+forsake him.</p>
+
+<p>The old warriors at once commenced gathering together a supply of
+parched corn, and beating up more recruits for the expedition. All the
+new men (Boone among the rest, for he was forced to join them) were
+then marched off to the "winter-house" to drink the war-drink. This
+was a mixture of water and bitter herbs and roots, and was to be drank
+steadily for three days, during which time no man was to eat a morsel.
+Even if a deer or buffalo passed by, no man was to kill it; the fast
+must be kept. In fact, no man was allowed even to sit down, or rest
+himself by leaning against a tree. This was done by the old men to
+purify the young warriors, as they said, and to gain the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
+favor of the Great Spirit. All this was a common practice with the
+tribe before they went to battle; and the more strictly the fast was
+kept, the greater (as they supposed) were the chances of success.
+During these three days, Boone, like the rest, kept the fast, drank
+the war-drink, and did not even leave the "medicine-ground."</p>
+
+<p>The fast being over, they fired their guns, yelled, danced, and sang;
+and in the midst of this noise the march commenced. The leading
+war-chief, bearing the medicine-bag, or budget (as it was called),
+went before; the rest followed in single file. Nothing but shouting
+and yelling, and the noise of guns, was heard, as they passed through
+the village. When they reached the woods, all the noise ceased; they
+were fairly on their march, and that march was to be made after the
+Indian fashion, in dead silence. For several days this dead march was
+kept up, Boone looking every hour for his chance of escape. At length,
+early one morning, a deer dashed by the line. Boone leaped eagerly
+after him, and started in pursuit. No sooner was he out of sight of
+the Indians, than he pressed for Boonesborough. He knew they would
+give chase, and therefore he doubled his track, waded in streams, and
+did everything that he could to throw them off his trail. Every sound
+startled him; he thought the Indians were behind him. With no food but
+roots and berries, and scarcely time to devour these, he pushed
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>
+through swamps and thickets for his old home. Now or never was his
+chance for liberty, and as such he used it. At length, after wandering
+nearly two hundred miles, on the fourth day he reached Boonesborough
+in safety.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_b.jpg" width= "150" height= "404" alt="B" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">B</span>EFORE we go on, let me tell you of
+some of the curious customs which Boone noticed among the Indians,
+during his captivity. He had a fine opportunity for observation, and I
+think these strange customs will interest you.</p>
+
+<p>It is not wonderful that Indian men and women are so hardy; they are
+trained to it from their youth: and Boone tells us how they are
+trained. When a child is only eight years old, this training
+commences; he is then made to fast frequently half a day; when he is
+twelve, he is made to fast a whole day. During the time of this fast,
+the child is left alone, and his face is always blacked. This mode of
+hardening them is kept up with girls until they are
+fourteen&mdash;with boys until they are eighteen. At length, when a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span>
+boy has reached the age of eighteen, his parents tell him that his
+education is completed, and that he is old enough to be a man! His
+face is now to be blacked for the last time. He is taken to a solitary
+cabin far away from the village; his face is blacked, and then his
+father makes to him a speech of this kind: "My son, the Great Spirit
+has allowed you to live to see this day. We have all noticed your
+conduct since I first began to black your face. All people will
+understand whether you have followed your father's advice, and they
+will treat you accordingly. You must now remain here until I come
+after you." The lad is then left alone. His father then goes off
+hunting, as though nothing had happened, and leaves his boy to bear
+his hunger as long it is possible for him to starve and live. At
+length he prepares a great feast, gathers his friends together, and
+then returns. The lad is then brought home, his face is washed in cold
+water, his hair is shaved, leaving nothing but the scalp-lock; they
+all commence eating, but the food of the lad is placed before him in a
+separate dish. This being over, a looking-glass and a bag of paint are
+then presented to him. Then they all praise him for his firmness, and
+tell him that he is a man. Strange as it may seem, a boy is hardly
+ever known to break his fast when he is blacked this way for the last
+time. It is looked upon as something base, and they have a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>
+dread that the Great Spirit will punish them if they are disobedient
+to their parents.</p>
+
+<p>Another curious habit which surprised Boone was that of continually
+changing names. A white man carries the same name from the cradle to
+the grave, but among these people it was very different. Their
+principal arms, as you know, are the tomahawk and scalping-knife, and
+he who can take the greatest number of scalps is the greatest man.
+From time to time, as warriors would return from an attack upon some
+enemy, these new names would begin to be known. Each man would count
+the number of scalps he had taken, and a certain number entitled him
+to a new name, in token of his bravery. It is not wonderful that they
+were revengeful, when they were stimulated by this sort of ambition.
+Besides this, they believed that he who took the scalp of a brave man
+received at once all his courage and other good qualities; and this
+made them more eager in their thirst for scalps. In this way, names of
+warriors were sometimes changed three or four times in a year.</p>
+
+<p>Marriages in this tribe were conducted very decently. When a young
+warrior desired to marry, he assembled all his friends, and named the
+woman whom he wished for his wife. His relations then received his
+present, and took it to the parents of the young woman. If they were
+pleased with the proposal, they would dress the young woman in her
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>
+gayest clothes, and take her, with bundles of presents, to the friends
+of the warrior; then, if she pleased, she was to be married. There was
+no compulsion in the matter. If she was not satisfied, she had only to
+return his present to the young warrior, and this was considered a
+refusal.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Their mode of burying their dead was very much like that of all the
+Indians. The dead body was sometimes placed in a pen made of sticks
+and covered over with bark; sometimes it was placed in a grave, and
+covered first with bark, and then with dirt; and sometimes, especially
+in the case of the young, it was placed in a rude coffin, and
+suspended from the top of a tree. This last was a common mode of
+infant burial, and the mother of the child would often be found, long
+after, standing under the tree, and singing songs to her babe.</p>
+
+<p>Boone witnessed, too, the mode in which war-parties start off for war.
+The budget, or medicine-bag, is first made up. This bag contains
+something belonging to each man of the party&mdash;something usually
+representing some animal, such as the skin of a snake, the tail of a
+buffalo, the horns of a buck, or the feathers of a bird. It is always
+regarded as a very sacred thing. The leader of the party goes before
+with this; the rest follow in single file. When they come to a stand,
+the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>
+ budget is laid down in front, and no man may pass it without
+permission. To keep their thoughts upon the enterprise in which they
+are engaged, no man is allowed to talk of women or his home. At night,
+when they encamp, the heart of whatever animal has been killed during
+the day is cut into small pieces and then burnt. During the burning no
+man is allowed to step across the fire, but must always walk around it
+in the direction of the sun. When they spy the enemy, and the attack
+is to be made, the war-budget is opened. Each man takes out his
+budget, or <i>totem</i>, and fastens it to his body. After the fight, each
+man again returns his <i>totem</i> to the leader. They are all again tied
+up, and given to the man who has taken the first scalp. He then leads
+the party in triumph home.</p>
+
+<p>Boone had not long been a prisoner among them when a successful
+war-party returned home and celebrated their victory. When the party
+came within a day's march of the village, a messenger was sent in to
+tell of their success. An order was instantly issued that every cabin
+should be swept clean, and the women as quickly commenced the work.
+When they had finished, the cabins were all inspected, to see if they
+were in proper order. Next day the party approached the village. They
+were all frightfully painted, and each man had a bunch of white
+feathers on his head. They were marching in single file, the chief of
+the party leading the way, bearing in one hand a branch of cedar,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span>
+laden with the scalps they had taken, and all chanting their war-song.
+As they entered the village, the chief led the way to the war-pole
+which stood in front of the council-house. In this house the
+council-fire was then burning. The waiter, or <i>Etissu</i> of the leader,
+then fixed two blocks of wood near the war-pole, and placed upon them
+a kind of ark, which was regarded by them as one of their most sacred
+things. The chief now ordered that all should sit down. He then
+inquired whether his cabin was prepared, and everything made ready,
+according to the custom of his fathers. They then rose up and
+commenced the war-whoop, as they marched round the war-pole. The ark
+was then taken and carried with great solemnity into the
+council-house, and here the whole party remained three days and
+nights, separate from the rest of the people. Their first business now
+was to wash themselves clean, and sprinkle themselves with a mixture
+of bitter herbs. While they were thus in the house, all their female
+relatives, after having bathed and dressed themselves in their finest
+clothes, placed themselves in two lines facing each other on each side
+of the door. Here they continued singing a slow monotonous song all
+day and night; the song was kept up steadily for one minute, with
+intervals of ten minutes of dead silence between. About once in
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>
+three hours the chief would march out at the head of his warriors,
+raise the war-whoop, and pass around the war-pole, bearing his branch
+of cedar. This was all that was done for the whole three days and
+nights. At length the purification was ended, and upon each of their
+cabins was placed a twig of the cedar with a fragment of the scalps
+fastened to it, to satisfy the ghosts of their departed friends. All
+were now quiet as usual, except the leader of the party and his
+waiter, who kept up the purification three days and nights longer.
+When he had finished, the budget was hung up before his door for
+thirty or forty days, and from time to time Indians of the party would
+be seen singing and dancing before it. When Boone asked the meaning of
+all this strange ceremony, they answered him by a word which he says
+meant <i>holy</i>.</p>
+
+<p>As this party had brought in no prisoners, he did not now witness
+their horrible mode of torture. Before he left them, however, he saw
+enough of their awful cruelty in this way. Sometimes the poor prisoner
+would be tied to a stake, a pile of green wood placed around him, fire
+applied, and the poor wretch left to his horrible fate, while, amid
+shouts and yells, the Indians departed. Sometimes he would be forced
+to run the gauntlet between two rows of Indians, each one striking at
+him with a club until he fell dead. Others would be fastened between
+two stakes, their arms and legs stretched to each of them, and then
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span>
+quickly burnt by a blazing fire. A common mode was to pinion the arms
+of the prisoner, and then tie one end of a grape-vine around his neck,
+while the other was fastened to the stake. A fire was then kindled,
+and the poor wretch would walk the circle; this gave the savages the
+comfort of seeing the poor creature literally roasting, while his
+agony was prolonged. Perhaps this was the most popular mode, too,
+because all the women and children could join in it. They were there,
+with their bundles of dry sticks, to keep the fire blazing, and their
+long switches, to beat the prisoner. Fearful that their victim might
+die too soon, and thus escape their cruelty, the women would knead
+cakes of clay and put them on the skull of the poor sufferer, that the
+fire might not reach his brain and instantly kill him. As the poor
+frantic wretch would run round the circle, they would yell, dance, and
+sing, and beat him with their switches, until he fell exhausted. At
+other times, a poor prisoner would be tied, and then scalding water
+would be poured upon him from time to time till he died. It was
+amazing, too, to see how the warriors would sometimes bear these
+tortures. Tied to the stake, they would chant their war-songs,
+threaten their captors with the awful vengeance of their tribe, boast
+of how many of their nation they had scalped and tell their tormentors
+how they might increase their torture. In the midst of the fire they
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>
+would stand unflinching, and die without changing a muscle. It was
+their glory to die in this way; they felt that they disappointed their
+enemies in their last triumph.</p>
+
+<p>While Boone was with them, a noted warrior of one of the western
+tribes, with which the Shawanese were at war, was brought in as a
+captive. He was at once condemned, stripped, fastened to the stake,
+and the fire kindled. After suffering without flinching for a long
+time, he laughed at his captors, and told them they did not know how
+to make an enemy eat fire. He called for a pipe and tobacco. Excited
+by his bravery, they gave it to him. He sat down on the burning coals,
+and commenced smoking with the utmost composure; not a muscle of his
+countenance moved. Seeing this, one of his captors sprang forward and
+cried out that he was a true warrior. Though he had murdered many of
+their tribe, yet he should live, if the fire had not spoiled him. The
+fire had, however, well nigh done its work. With that, he declared
+that he was too brave a man to suffer any longer. He seized a tomahawk
+and raised it over the head of the prisoner: still a muscle did not
+move. He did not even change his posture. The blow was given, and the
+brave warrior fell dead.</p>
+
+<p>While among them, Boone also witnessed the mode in which, the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>
+Shawanese make a treaty of peace. The warriors of both tribes between
+which the treaty was to be made, met together first, ate and smoked in
+a friendly way, and then pledged themselves in a sacred drink called
+<i>cussena</i>. The Shawanese then waved large fans, made of eagles' tails,
+and danced. The other party, after this, chose six of their finest
+young men, painted them with white clay, and adorned their heads with
+swans' feathers; their leader was then placed on what was called the
+"consecrated seat." After this they all commenced dancing, and singing
+their song of peace. They danced first in a bending posture; then
+stood upright, still dancing, and bearing in their right hands their
+fans, while in their left they carried a calabash, tied to a stick
+about a foot long, and with this continually beat their breasts.
+During all this, some added to the noise by rattling pebbles in a
+gourd. This being over, the peace was concluded. It was an act of
+great solemnity, and no warrior was considered as well trained, who
+did not know how to join in every part of it.</p>
+
+<p>Many other strange things were seen by Boone among these people, but
+these are enough to show you that he was among a strange people, with
+habits very unlike his own. It is not wonderful that he sighed to
+escape, when he looked upon their horrid tortures. Independently of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span>
+his love for Boonesborough, he did not know but that such tortures
+might be his at any moment, when they became excited. Fortunately, as
+we have seen, he did escape, and we will now go on with his story.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_w.jpg" width= "150" height= "397" alt="W" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>HEN Boone reached Boonesborough, the
+object he most loved was not to be found. His poor wife, wearied with
+waiting for him, and naturally concluding that he was lost to her for
+ever, had returned to her friends on the Yadkin. The settlers had
+begged her to remain, and offered her every kindness; but her husband
+was gone: she was heart-sick, and longed to return to her friends in
+Carolina. Disappointed as he was, however, he had no time to waste in
+sorrow. The Indians were approaching, and Boonesborough was well nigh
+defenceless. Just before his return, a Major Smith had taken charge of
+the post, and been busy in strengthening it, but much was still to be
+done. Boone's energies were now at work, and in a little time the
+station was ready for an attack. A white man now came into the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span>
+settlement with news. He had escaped from the Indians. The party from
+which Boone had escaped had postponed their attack for three weeks,
+and gone back to strengthen themselves. They felt that Boone had
+reached home&mdash;the alarm was given, the place fortified&mdash;and
+that it was idle to attack it at this time.</p>
+
+<p>Boone determined at once to improve the mean season. With nineteen
+men, he started off to surprise the Indians at Paint Creek Town, a
+small village on the Scioto. When he came within four miles of the
+place, he met a party of the savages on their way to join the large
+body marching against Boonesborough. The fight instantly commenced:
+one Indian fell dead, several were wounded, and the rest were forced
+to retreat; their horses and all their baggage fell into the hands of
+Boone. Two men were now sent to reconnoitre the town. They found no
+Indians there; they had all left. After setting fire to the village,
+they returned, and Boone immediately hurried homeward.</p>
+
+<p>He had scarcely entered the station, and closed the gates, when an
+army of four hundred and forty-four Indians, led on by a Frenchman
+named Duquesne, appeared before the settlement. They soon sent in a
+flag, demanding, in the name of the King of Great Britain, that the
+station should instantly surrender. A council was immediately
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span>
+held in the fort. With such a force before them, Smith was in favor of
+meeting their proposal; Boone opposed it; the settlers backed him in
+this opposition; and he sent back for an answer to the Indians that
+the gates should never be opened to them. Presently another flag of
+truce was sent in, with a message that they had a letter for Colonel
+Boone from Governor Hamilton, of Detroit. Upon hearing this, it was
+thought best that Boone and Smith should go out and meet them, and
+hear what they had to say.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Fifty yards from the fort they were met by three chiefs, who received
+them very cordially, and led them to the spot where they were to hold
+the parley. Here they were seated upon a panther's skin, while the
+Indians held branches over their heads to protect them from the sun.
+The chiefs then commenced talking in a friendly way, and some of their
+warriors now came forward, grounded their arms, and shook hands with
+them. Then the letter of General Hamilton was read; he invited them to
+surrender and come at once to Detroit where they should be treated
+with all kindness. Smith objected to this proposal, declaring that it
+was impossible for them, at this time, to move their women and
+children; but the Indians had an answer ready: they had brought forty
+horses with them, they said, expressly to help them in removing. After
+a long and friendly talk, the  white men returned to the fort, for the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>
+purpose, as they said, of considering the proposal. They now informed
+the settlers that the Indians had no cannon, and advised them never to
+think of surrendering. Every man thought the advice good.</p>
+
+<p>The Indians now sent in another flag, and asked what treaty the whites
+were ready to make. Boone, who had suspected treachery all the time,
+at once sent a reply, that if they wished to make a treaty, the place
+for making it, must be within sixty yards of the fort. This displeased
+them at first, but at last, they consented. He then stationed some of
+his men, with their guns, in one angle of the fort, with orders to
+fire if it became necessary, and, with Smith, started out to meet
+them. After a long talk with thirty chiefs, terms were agreed upon,
+and the treaty was ready to be signed; the chiefs now said that it was
+customary with them, on such occasions, for the Indians to shake hands
+with every white man who signed the treaty, as a token of the warmest
+friendship. Boone and Smith agreed to this, and the shaking of hands
+commenced; presently, they found themselves seized in the crowd&mdash;the
+Indians were dragging them off; a fire from the fort now levelled the
+savages who grasped them; the rest were in confusion, and, in the
+confusion, Boone and Smith escaped and rushed into the fort. In the
+struggle Boone was wounded, though not dangerously.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span>
+It was a narrow escape for both of them.</p>
+
+<p>There was no more chance for deception now; the Indians were
+disappointed, and the whites were provoked at their treachery. A brisk
+firing now commenced on both sides; Duquesne harangued the Indians and
+urged them on, while the whites shouted from the fort, upbraided them
+as treacherous cowards, and defied them. The attack was furious, the
+firing was kept up till dark, and many an Indian fell that day before
+Boonesborough. The whites, sheltered by their pickets, made easy havoc
+among them.</p>
+
+<p>When night came, the exasperated Indians crawled under the pickets and
+began to throw burning materials into the fort, hoping to set all on
+fire; but in this they were disappointed&mdash;there were ample supplies of
+water inside, and the fire was put out as fast as it fell.</p>
+
+<p>The next day the firing was resumed, and day after day it continued,
+the Indians failing to make any impression. They were too far from the
+fort&mdash;the first day's work had taught them not to come near. At last
+they formed a wiser plan for doing mischief. Boonesborough, as you
+will remember, was only sixty yards from the river, and they
+determined, by the advice of the Frenchman, to let the water in and
+force the settlers out. In the night, they commenced the work of
+digging a trench under ground, from the river. In the morning Boone
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span>
+looked out upon the river, and perceiving that it was muddy, instantly
+guessed the cause. He immediately set his men to the work of cutting a
+trench inside the fort, to cross the subterranean passage of the
+Indians. The savages saw what was doing, for Boone's men were
+constantly shovelling dirt over the pickets, but they persevered
+earnestly in their design. At last, however, they were forced to stop,
+for the dirt caved in as fast as they dug; disappointed in this, they
+now summoned the station once more to a treaty. But Boone laughed at
+them. "Do you suppose," said he, "we would pretend to treat with such
+treacherous wretches? Fire on, you only waste your powder; the gates
+shall never be opened to you while there is a man of us living."
+Taking his advice, they commenced their firing again; at last, on the
+ninth day of the siege, wearied with their fruitless labor, they
+killed all the cattle they could find, raised a yell, and departed.
+This was a terrible siege for the Indians; it is said that they lost
+two hundred men; Boone counted thirty-seven chief warriors; while the
+whites, defended by their pickets, had but two killed and four
+wounded. You may judge, too, how industrious the savages had been,
+when I tell you that the whites who wanted lead, commenced gathering
+their balls after they left, and succeeded in picking out of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>
+logs, and from the ground, one hundred and twenty-five pounds.</p>
+
+<p>Boone having thus successfully defended his settlement, determined now
+to go in search of his wife. Accustomed to travelling through the
+woods, he soon made his lonely journey to the Yadkin. They were amazed
+as he entered the house of Mr. Bryan, his wife's father. The
+appearance of one risen from the grave could not have surprised them
+more than that of Boone&mdash;the lost man was among them, and great was
+their rejoicing. He now remained here with his family for some time,
+and here we will leave him for a little while, to talk of what
+happened in Kentucky during his absence.</p>
+
+<p>The Kentuckians, roused by the Indian hostility and treachery,
+determined soon after he left to inflict punishment upon them; against
+the Shawanese they were most provoked; it was among them that most of
+the plots against the whites were formed, and the attack, therefore,
+was to be made upon them. An army of one hundred and sixty men was
+soon collected, and the command was given to a brave man named Colonel
+Bowman; they were to march directly against old Chilicothe, the den of
+the savages.</p>
+
+<p>In July of this year (1779), they started and reached the home of the
+Indians, without being discovered. At daylight, the fight commenced
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span>
+and continued till ten o'clock. Bowman's men fought bravely, but the
+Indians had every advantage. Knowing all the woods about their
+settlement, while one party fought openly, the other, concealed behind
+the grass and trees, poured in a deadly fire upon the whites. He was
+forced at last to retreat as rapidly as possible to a distance of
+thirty miles; but the Indians pursued him here, doing more mischief
+than before. The savages fought desperately. His men were falling
+around him, and but for Colonel Harrod, every man of them might have
+been killed. Seeing the slaughter that was continually increasing, he
+mounted a body of horsemen and made a charge upon the enemy; this
+broke their ranks, they were thrown into confusion, and Bowman, with
+the remnant of his men, was enabled to retreat.</p>
+
+<p>This attack only exasperated the Indians. In the course of the next
+summer (after doing much mischief in a smaller way in the meantime),
+they gathered together to the number of six hundred, and led on by
+Colonel Bird, a British officer, came down upon Riddle's and Martin's
+stations, at the forks of Licking river. They had with them six
+cannons, and managed their matters so secretly, that the first news of
+their approach was given to the settlers by the roar of their guns. Of
+course it was of no use to resist; the pickets could not defend them
+from cannon-balls; the settlers were
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span>
+ forced to surrender. The savages
+rushed into the station and instantly killed one man and two women
+with their tomahawks; all the others, many of whom were sick, were now
+loaded with baggage and forced to march off with the Indians. It was
+certain death to any one, old or young, male or female, who became, on
+the march, too weak and exhausted to travel farther; they were
+instantly killed with the tomahawk.</p>
+
+<p>Flushed with success, the Indians were now more troublesome than ever;
+it was impossible for the whites to remain in the country if matters
+were to go on in this way. The inhabitants at last threw themselves
+upon the protection of Colonel Clarke, who commanded a regiment of
+United States soldiers at the falls of the Ohio. At the head of his
+men and a large number of volunteers, he marched against Pecaway, one
+of the principal towns of the Shawanese; numbers of the savages were
+killed, and the town was burnt to ashes. This was a triumph, but it
+was a triumph gained by the loss of seventeen of his men.</p>
+
+<p>In 1780, Boone again returned to Boonesborough with his family,
+bringing with him also a younger brother. The elder brother (who had
+been in Kentucky before, as you will remember) now returned also, and
+made his home at a spot not far from the place where the town of
+Shelbyville now stands. The settlers were all delighted to see
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span>
+ their
+old friend Daniel Boone once more among them; they now felt that their
+leader was on the ground. Mrs. Boone too felt happy. Though she was
+again on "<i>the dark and bloody ground</i>," her husband was with her.</p>
+
+<p>In a little time his services were again especially needed. The want
+of salt, their old trouble was upon them, and they looked to Boone to
+procure it. Ever ready, he started off with his younger brother to the
+Blue Licks, the place of his former trouble; here he was destined to
+meet with trouble again. They had made as much salt as they could
+carry, and were now returning to Boonesborough with their packs, when
+they were suddenly overtaken by a party of savages; the Indians
+immediately fired, and Boone's brother fell dead. Daniel Boone turned,
+levelled his rifle at the foremost Indian, and brought him down; with
+a loud yell the party now rushed toward him. He snatched his brother's
+rifle, levelled another, and then ran. The Indians gave chase, but he
+managed to keep ahead, and even found time to reload his rifle. He
+knew that his only chance for escape was to distance them, and break
+his trail. He passed the brow of a hill, jumped into a brook below,
+waded in it for some distance, and then struck off at right angles
+from his old course. Upon looking back he found, to his sorrow, that
+he had not succeeded&mdash;the Indians were still on
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>
+ his track. Presently,
+he came to a grape-vine, and tried his old experiment at breaking the
+trail. This was to no purpose, he found the savages still following
+him. After travelling some distance farther, upon looking round he saw
+the cause of his trouble; the Indians had a dog with them, and this
+dog, scenting his track, kept them for ever on his course. His rifle
+was loaded&mdash;the dog was far ahead of the party&mdash;and Boone
+sent a rifle ball through him. He now pushed on, doubling his course
+from time to time; the Indians lost track of him, and he reached
+Boonesborough in safety.</p>
+
+<p>In spite of the continued annoyance of the Indians, the white
+settlements had continued to grow, and there were now so many white
+men in the country, that in the fall of this year (1780), Kentucky was
+divided into the three counties of Jefferson, Fayette, and Lincoln.
+Our friend, Daniel Boone, was appointed to command the militia in his
+county, and William Pope, and Benjamin Logan, two brave men, were to
+have the command in theirs.</p>
+
+<p>The winter of this year soon set in, and it proved a hard one. The
+settlers, however, bore it cheerfully, for they were accustomed to
+hardships. Hard as it was, too, it proved mild to the next that
+followed. The winter of 1781 was long remembered as "the cold winter"
+in Kentucky. To make it harder, the Indians, after doing much mischief
+through the summer, had destroyed most of the crops the preceding
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span>
+fall, and the settlers had small supplies of food. But the forest was
+around them; Boone and Harrod were among them, and these two men found
+food enough. Every day they went out in the winter's storms&mdash;every
+night they came in laden with deer and buffaloes. The people learned
+to live on nothing but meat. Boone and Harrod drove away all thoughts
+of starvation. They had, however, this one comfort: the cold weather
+kept the Indians at home. They had no disturbances throughout the
+winter from them.</p>
+
+<p>When spring opened, however, the savages showed themselves more
+furious, if possible, than ever. Their plans of mischief were better
+laid; they seemed to have been feeding their revenge fat. Open and
+secret war was all around the settlers. It would be idle for me to
+attempt to give details of the doings of the savages. Ashton's, Hoy's,
+M&#8216;Afee's, Kincheloe's, and Boone's station, near Shelbyville, were all
+attacked. Men were shot down in the open fields, or waylaid in every
+pathway. The early annals of Kentucky are filled with stories of many
+a brave white man at this time. There were Ashton, Holden, Lyn,
+Tipton, Chapman, White, Boone, Floyd, Wells, the M&#8216;Afees, M&#8216;Gary,
+Randolph, Reynolds, and others, some of whom were killed, and all of
+whom had their hard struggles. The history of that spring is only a
+story of burnings, captures, and murders, on the part of the savages.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span>
+It was a dark period for the white men; even Boone, with all his vigor
+and fearlessness, thought it the darkest period he had known in that
+region. The savages seemed bent upon a war of extermination.</p>
+
+<p>Not satisfied with such mischief as they had already done, in the
+early part of the summer the savages held a grand council at Old
+Chilicothe, to arrange their plans for further destruction. There were
+chiefs there from the Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Pottawattomies, and
+most of the tribes bordering on the lakes. Two notorious white
+villains&mdash;whose names will never be forgotten in Kentucky&mdash;were
+there also, to aid them with their counsels. These were Girty and
+M&#8216;Kee, infamous men, who lived among the Indians, and lived only
+by murdering their own countrymen. Their plan was soon settled.
+Bryant's station, near Lexington, was known to be a strong post, and
+this was to be attacked. This station had within it forty cabins, and
+here it was thought they might make the greatest slaughter. The
+warriors were to gather as rapidly as possible for the enterprise.</p>
+
+<p>In a little time, five hundred of them rallied at Girty's cabin, ready
+for their departure. The white rascal then made a speech to them. He
+told them that "Kentucky was a beautiful hunting-ground, filled with
+deer and buffaloes, for their comfort; the white men had come to drive
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>
+them away; the ground was now red with the blood of the red men that
+had been slain. But vengeance they would have&mdash;now, before the whites
+were yet fastened in the country, they would strike a blow, and drive
+them off for ever." Then he talked of the plan before them. He advised
+them to descend the Miami in their canoes, cross the Ohio, ascend the
+Licking, and then they might paddle their boats almost to the station.
+His speech was answered by a loud yell from the Indians, and they all
+started off for their boats&mdash;Simon Girty, with his ruffled shirt and
+soldier coat, marching at their head.</p>
+
+<p>On the night of the 15th of August, they arrived before the station.
+In the morning, as the gates were opened, the men were fired at by the
+savages, and this was the first news to the whites of the approach of
+the enemy. It was fortunate that they had shown themselves thus early:
+in two hours more, most of the men were to have started off to aid a
+distant feeble station. As soon as the whites found they were
+besieged, they managed to send off the news to Lexington.</p>
+
+<p>The Indians now, as usual, commenced their stratagems. The large body
+concealed themselves in the grass near the pathway to the spring,
+while one hundred went round and attacked the southeast angle of the
+station. Their hope was to draw the whites all to that quarter, while
+they forced an entrance on the other side. But the white men
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>
+understood this sort of cunning; they had lived among the Indians too
+long to be caught by such tricks: instead of noticing the attack, they
+went on quietly with the work of repairing and strengthening their
+palisades.</p>
+
+<p>But water, one of the necessaries of life, was soon wanting. The
+whites, as they looked at the tall grass and weeds near the spring,
+felt that Indians were lurking there. The women now came forward and
+insisted upon it that they would go and bring water. "What if they do
+shoot us?" they said; "it is better to lose a woman than a man at such
+a time." With that, they started out, and, strange to tell, went back
+and forth, bringing supplies of water, without any difficulty. Some of
+the young men now went out upon the same purpose. They had scarcely
+left the station, when they were fired upon. Fortunately, the Indians
+were too far to do any mischief; the men retreated rapidly within the
+palisades. The Indians, finding their stratagem fruitless, now rushed
+forward, and commenced a tremendous attack. The whites received them
+with a steady fire, and many of them fell. Enraged the more, they now
+discharged their burning arrows into the roofs of the houses; some of
+the cabins were burnt, but an east wind was blowing at the time, and
+that saved the station.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>The enemy now fell back into the grass. They had found out, in some
+way, that help was expected from Lexington, and they were preparing to
+cut it off. In a little time, all was still. Presently sixteen
+horsemen, followed by thirty-one foot-soldiers, were seen coming;
+these were the men from Lexington. Thinking only of the distress of
+their friends, they were hurrying along, when the Indians opened a
+fire upon them. The horsemen galloped off in a cloud of dust, and
+reached the station in safety. The soldiers on foot, in their effort
+to escape, plunged into the cornfields on either side of the road,
+only to meet the enemy. A desperate fight commenced on both sides: two
+soldiers were killed; the rest&mdash;four of them having dangerous
+wounds&mdash;reached the pickets. The exasperated Indians, disappointed at
+the escape of this party, now wreaked their vengeance by killing all
+the cattle they could find.</p>
+
+<p>Finding all their efforts to enter the station idle, Simon Girty now
+came near enough to be heard, mounted a stump, and holding in his hand
+a flag of truce, began to talk. "Surrender promptly," cried Simon; "if
+you surrender promptly, no blood shall be shed; but if you will not
+surrender, then know that our cannons and reinforcements are coming.
+We will batter down your pickets as we did at Riddle's and Martin's;
+every man of you shall be slain; two are dead already four are
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span>
+wounded; every man shall die." This language was so insolent, that
+some of the settlers cried out, "Shoot the rascal!" No man, however,
+lifted his rifle; the flag of truce protected him. "I am under a flag
+of truce," cried Simon; "do you know who it is that speaks to you?"</p>
+
+<p>Upon this, a young man named Reynolds leaped up and cried out, "Know
+you! know you! yes, we know you well. Know Simon Girty! yes: he is the
+renegado, cowardly villain, who loves to murder women and children,
+especially those of his own people. Know Simon Girty! yes: his father
+must have been a panther, and his mother a wolf. I have a worthless
+dog that kills lambs: instead of shooting him, I have named him Simon
+Girty. You expect reinforcements and cannon, do you? Cowardly wretches
+like you, that make war upon women and children, would not dare to
+touch them off, if you had them. We expect reinforcements, too, and in
+numbers to give a short account of the murdering cowards that follow
+you. Even if you could batter down our pickets, I, for one, hold your
+people in too much contempt to shoot rifles at them. I would not waste
+powder and ball upon you. Should you even enter our fort, I am ready
+for you; I have roasted a number of hickory switches, with which we
+mean to whip you and your naked cut-throats out of the country!"
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Simon was now furious; cursing and swearing, he went back to his
+friends, amid the loud laughs and jeers of the whites. In a little
+time, the firing was renewed; it was all to no purpose: no white man
+suffered, and every Indian who came within gun-shot of the fort was
+sure to fall. In the course of the night the whole party sneaked off,
+and their tracks indicated that they had started for the Blue Licks.
+They left behind them thirty of their number slain.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_c.jpg" width= "150" height= "383" alt="C" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">C</span>OLONEL TODD, of Lexington, instantly
+despatched news of this attack on Bryant's station, to Colonel Boone,
+at Boonesborough, and Colonel Trigg, near Harrodsburgh. In a little
+time, one hundred and seventy-six men were collected under these three
+officers, to march in pursuit. Majors M&#8216;Gary and Harland now
+joined them, determined that they would have a part in the punishment
+of the savages. It was known, too, that Colonel Logan was collecting a
+force, and a council of officers was at once held, to determine
+whether they should march on, or wait for him. They were all so eager
+to be off, that it was thought best to march immediately. The march
+was therefore commenced forthwith.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p>
+<p>Following on in the trail of the Indians, they had not gone far, when
+Boone saw enough to convince him that the Indians would not only be
+willing, but glad to meet them. No effort had been made to conceal
+their trail; the trees were even marked on their pathway, that the
+whites might follow on; and they had tried to conceal their numbers,
+by treading in each other's footsteps. He called the attention of his
+companions to this, but still they proceeded onward.</p>
+
+<p>They saw no Indians until they came to the Licking river, not far from
+the Blue Licks. A party was now seen on the other side of the stream,
+leisurely crossing a hill. A council was at once held, and the
+officers all turned to Boone for advice. His advice was given frankly:
+he was for waiting till Logan should arrive with his men. The Indian
+party, he felt assured, was at the least from four to five hundred
+strong, and the unconcerned mode in which the Indians crossed the hill
+showed that the main body was near, and their design was to draw them
+over the river. Moreover, he was acquainted with all that region of
+the country. After they crossed the ford, they would come upon deep
+ravines not far from the bank, where, no doubt, the Indians were in
+ambush. If, however, they were determined not to wait for Logan, he
+advised that the country might at least be reconnoitred before the
+attack was made. A part of the men, he thought, might cross the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>
+stream, and move up cautiously on the other side, while the remainder
+would stand where they were, ready to assist them at the first alarm.
+Todd and Trigg thought the advice good, and were disposed to heed it;
+but, just at this moment, Major  M&#8216;Gary, more hot-headed than wise,
+spurred his horse into the water, gave the Kentucky war-whoop, and
+cried out, "All those that are not cowards will follow me; I will show
+them where the Indians are." The men were roused by this show of
+bravery, and they all crossed the ford.</p>
+
+<p>The banks were steep on the other side, and many of them now
+dismounted, tied their horses, and commenced marching on foot.  M&#8216;Gary
+and Harland led the way. They had not proceeded far when they came to
+one of the ravines. It was just as Boone had supposed; the savages
+were in ambush. A deadly fire was now poured in upon the whites; the
+men staggered and fell in every direction. The fire was returned, but
+to little purpose, for the enemy was completely concealed; a retreat
+was all that was left. The whites hurried back toward the river; the
+Indians pursued; and now commenced the slaughter with the tomahawk.
+The ford was narrow, and multitudes were slaughtered there. Some were
+trying to get to their horses; others, more fortunate, were mounted
+and flying; and some were plunging into the stream. In the midst of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span>
+all this confusion, the Indians were doing their work of destruction.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>A man by the name of Netherland (who had been laughed at for his
+cowardice) had never dismounted his horse, and was the first to reach
+the opposite shore. In a little time, some of his comrades were around
+him. He now turned, and, looking back, saw the massacre that was going
+on. This was more than he could bear. "Halt! fire on the Indians,"
+cried he; "protect the men in the river." With this, the men wheeled,
+fired, and rescued several poor fellows in the stream, over whom the
+tomahawk was lifted.</p>
+
+<p>Reynolds, the man who answered Girty's insolence, made a narrow
+escape. Finding, in the retreat, one of the officers wounded, he gave
+him his horse, and was soon after taken by three Indians. They were
+now over him, ready to despatch him, when two retreating white men
+rushed by. Two of the savages started in pursuit; the third stooped
+for an instant to tie his moccasin, when Reynolds sprang away from him
+and escaped.</p>
+
+<p>This was a terrible battle for the white men. More than sixty of their
+number were slain, and among them were most of their officers:
+Colonels Todd and Trigg, Majors Harland and Bulger, Captains Gordon
+and M&#8216;Bride, and a son of Colonel Boone, were all among the dead.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Those who had regained the other shore, not having strength to rally,
+started homeward in great sadness. On their way they met Colonel
+Logan. He had gone to Bryant's station with his five hundred men, and
+was greatly disappointed when he found they had all started without
+him; he pushed on, however, as rapidly as he could, hoping to overtake
+them before they made their attack on the savages. The sad story of
+the defeat was soon told. All that remained to be done now was to go
+back, and, if possible, bury the dead. Upon this sad business Logan
+continued his march. Upon reaching the ground, the spectacle was
+awful: the dead bodies were strewn over it just as they had fallen,
+the heat was intense, and birds of prey were feeding upon the
+carcasses. The bodies were so mangled and changed, that no man could
+be distinguished; friends could not recognise their nearest relatives.
+The dead were buried as rapidly as possible, and Logan left the scene
+in great sorrow.</p>
+
+<p>Nor was this all the carnage. The Indians, after the defeat, had
+scattered, and it was soon found that on their way homeward they had
+swept through several settlements, carrying destruction before them.
+Emboldened by their triumph, no man could tell what they might next
+attempt.</p>
+
+<p>It was no time for the whites to be idle. They soon rallied in large
+numbers at Fort Washington, the present site of the city of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>
+Cincinnati. General Clarke was at once made commander-in-chief, and
+Colonel Logan was placed next under him in command. Clarke immediately
+started with a thousand men to attack the Indian towns on the Miami.
+On his way he came upon the cabin of Simon Girty; it was fortunate for
+Simon that a straggling Indian spied Clarke's men coming, in time to
+let him escape. The news was now spread everywhere that an army of
+white men was coming from Kentucky. The consequence was, that as
+Clarke approached the towns, he found them all deserted; the Indians
+had fled to the woods. His march, however, was not made for nothing.
+The towns of Old and New Chilicothe, Pecaway, and Wills' Town, were
+all reduced to ashes. One old Indian warrior was surprised, and
+surrendered himself a prisoner. This man, to the great sorrow of
+General Clarke, was afterward murdered by one of the soldiers.</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding this punishment, Indian massacres still went on.
+Stories of savage butchery were heard of everywhere; every station
+that they dared approach felt their fury, and the poor settler who had
+built his cabin away from any station was sure to be visited.</p>
+
+<p>General Clarke started out again, against the Indians on the Wabash.
+Unfortunately, his expedition failed this time, for the want of
+provisions for
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>
+ his men. Another expedition of Colonel Logan, against
+the Shawanese Indians, was more successful. He surprised one of their
+towns, killed many of their warriors, and took many prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>The war had now become so serious, that in the fall of 1785 the
+General Government invited all the lake and Ohio tribes of Indians to
+meet at the mouth of the Great Miami. It was hoped that in this way
+matters might be settled peaceably. But many of the tribes were
+insolent and ill-natured; they refused to come in, giving as an excuse
+that the Kentuckians were for ever molesting them. Emboldened by the
+very invitation, they continued the warfare more vigorously than ever.
+They not only assaulted the settlements already made, but made an
+attempt to guard the Ohio river, to prevent any further settlers from
+reaching the country in that direction. Small parties placed
+themselves at different points on the river, from Pittsburgh to
+Louisville, where they laid in ambush and fired upon every boat that
+passed. Sometimes they would make false signals, decoy the boat
+ashore, and murder the whole crew. They even went so far at last as to
+arm and man the boats they had taken, and cruise up and down the
+river.</p>
+
+<p>I must tell you of a very bold defence made on the Ohio about this
+time by a Captain Hubbel, who was bringing a party of emigrants from
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span>
+Vermont. His party was in two boats, and consisted in all of twenty.
+As Hubbel came down the river, he fell in with other boats, was told
+of the Indian stratagems, and advised to be careful. Indeed, the
+inmates of some of the boats begged that he would continue in their
+company, and thus they would be able to meet the Indians better if
+they should be attacked; the stronger the party, the better, in such a
+condition. But Hubbel refused to do this, and proceeded onward. He had
+not gone far, when a man on the shore began to make signs of distress,
+and begged that the boat might come and take him off. Hubbel knew well
+enough that this was an Indian disguised as a white man, and therefore
+took no notice of him. In a little time, a party of savages pushed off
+in their boats, and attacked him fiercely. The fight was hot on both
+sides. The savages tried to board Hubbel's boat, but the fire was too
+hot for this. Hubbel received two severe wounds, and had the lock of
+his gun shot off by an Indian; still he fought, touching off his
+broken gun from time to time with a firebrand. The Indians found the
+struggle too hard, and were glad to paddle off. Presently they
+returned, and attacked the other boat; this they seized almost without
+an effort, killed the captain and a boy, and took all the women as
+prisoners to their own boats. Now they came once more against Hubbel,
+and cunningly placed the women on the sides of their boats as a sort
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span>
+of bulwark. But this did not stop Hubbel: he saw that his balls must
+strike the women; but it was better that they should be killed now,
+rather than suffer a death of torture from the savages, and the fire
+was at once opened upon them again. They were soon driven off once
+more. In the course of the action, however, Hubbel's boat drifted near
+the shore, and five hundred savages renewed the fire upon them. One of
+the emigrants, more imprudent than the rest, seeing a fine chance for
+a shot, raised his head to take aim, and was instantly killed by a
+ball. The boat drifted along, and at length reached deep water again.
+It was then found, that of the nine men on board, two only had escaped
+unhurt; two were killed, and two mortally wounded. A remarkable lad on
+board showed great courage. He now asked his friends to extract a ball
+that had lodged in the skin of his forehead; and when this was done,
+he begged that they would take out a piece of bone that had been
+fractured in his elbow by another ball. His poor frightened mother,
+seeing his suffering, asked him why he had not complained before; to
+which the little fellow replied that he had been too busy, and,
+besides that, the captain had told them all to make no noise.</p>
+
+<p>It was idle to attempt now to settle matters peaceably. The general
+government had tried that and the plan had failed. The war was now
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>
+to be carried on to a close, come what might. An expedition was
+accordingly planned, against all the tribes northwest of the Ohio. The
+Indians were to be brought out, if possible to a general fight; or, if
+that could not be done, all their towns and cabins on the Scioto and
+Wabash, were to be destroyed. General Harmar was appointed commander
+of the main expedition, and Major Hamtranck was to aid him with a
+smaller party.</p>
+
+<p>In the fall of 1791, Harmar started from Fort Washington with three
+hundred and twenty men. In a little time he was joined by the Kentucky
+and Pennsylvania militia, so that his whole force now amounted to
+fourteen hundred and fifty-three men. Colonel Hardin, who commanded
+the Kentucky militia, was now sent ahead with six hundred men,
+principally militia, to reconnoitre the country. Upon reaching the
+Indian settlements, the savages set fire to their houses and fled; to
+overtake them, he pushed on with two hundred of his men. A party of
+Indians met and attacked them. The cowardly militia ran off, leaving
+their brave companions to be slaughtered. It was a brave struggle, but
+almost all were cut down; only seven managed to escape and join the
+main army.</p>
+
+<p>Harmar felt deeply mortified. He commenced forthwith his return to
+Fort Washington, but determined that, on the way, he would wipe off
+this disgrace from his army. Upon coming near Chilicothe
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>
+he accordingly halted, and in the night despatched Colonel Hardin once
+more ahead, with orders to find the enemy and draw them into an
+engagement. About daybreak, Hardin came upon them, and the battle
+commenced. It was a desperate fight on both sides. Some of the militia
+acted badly again, but the officers behaved nobly. The victory was
+claimed on both sides, but I think the Indians had the best of it.
+Three gallant officers, Fontaine, Willys, and Frothingham, were slain,
+together with fifty regulars and one hundred militia.</p>
+
+<p>Harmar now moved on to Fort Washington. So much was said about his
+miserable campaign, that he requested that he might be tried by a
+court-martial. Accordingly he was tried and honorably acquitted.</p>
+
+<p>A new army was soon raised, and the command was now given to
+Major-General Arthur St. Clair. His plan was to destroy the Indian
+settlements between the Miamies, drive the savages from that region,
+and establish a chain of military posts there, which should for ever
+keep them out of the country. All having rallied at Fort Washington,
+he started off in the direction of the Miami towns. It was a hard
+march, for he was forced to cut his roads as he passed along. Upon
+arriving near the Indian country, he built forts Hamilton and
+Jefferson and garrisoned them. This left him nearly two thousand men
+to proceed with. In a little time some of the worthless militia
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span>
+deserted. This was a bad example to the rest, and St. Clair instantly
+sent Major Hamtranck, with a regiment, in pursuit of them, while he
+continued his march. When he arrived within fifteen miles of the Miami
+villages he halted and encamped; he was soon after joined by Major
+Hamtranck, and St. Clair proposed now immediately to march against the
+enemy.</p>
+
+<p>But the enemy had already got news of them, and had made ready. They
+were determined to have the first blow themselves. At daybreak the
+next morning, the savages attacked the militia and drove them back in
+confusion. These broke through the regulars, forcing their way into
+the camp, the Indians pressing hard on their heels. The officers tried
+to restore order, but to no purpose: the fight now became general.
+This, however, was only a small part of the Indian force&mdash;there were
+four thousand of the party; they had nearly surrounded the camp, and
+sheltered by the trees and grass as usual, were pouring in a deadly
+fire upon the whites. St. Clair and all his officers behaved with
+great courage. Finding his men falling fast around him, he ordered a
+charge to be made with the bayonet. The men swept through the long
+grass driving the Indians before them. The charge had no sooner ceased
+than the Indians returned. Some forced their way into the camp, killed
+the artillerists, wounded Colonel Butler, and seized the cannon.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>
+Wounded as he was, Butler drove them back and recovered the guns.
+Fired with new ardor, they returned again, once more entered the
+camp&mdash;once more had possession of the cannon. All was now confusion
+among the whites&mdash;it was impossible to restore order&mdash;the Indians
+brought them down in masses&mdash;a retreat was all that remained. But they
+were so hemmed in, that this seemed impossible. Colonel Darke was
+ordered to charge the savages behind them, while Major Clarke with his
+battalion was commanded to cover the rear of the army. These orders
+were instantly obeyed, and the disorderly retreat commenced. The
+Indians pursued them four miles, keeping up a running fight. At last
+their chief, a Mississago, who had been trained to war by the British,
+cried out to them to stop as they had killed enough. They then
+returned to plunder the camp and divide the spoils, while the routed
+troops continued their flight to Fort Jefferson, throwing away their
+arms on the roadside that they might run faster. The Indians found in
+the camp seven pieces of cannon, two hundred oxen, and several horses,
+and had a great rejoicing. Well might the Mississago chief tell his
+people they had killed enough: thirty-eight commissioned officers were
+slain, and five hundred and ninety-three non-commissioned officers and
+privates. Besides this, twenty-one officers and two hundred and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>
+forty-two men were wounded, some of whom soon died of their wounds.</p>
+
+<p>This was a most disastrous battle for the whites, the most disastrous
+they had yet known. The triumphant Indians were so delighted that they
+could not leave the field, but kept up their revels from day to day.
+Their revels, however, were at length broken up sorrowfully for them.
+General Scott, hearing of the disaster, pushed on for the field with
+one thousand mounted volunteers from Kentucky. The Indians were
+dancing and singing, and riding the horses and oxen in high glee.
+Scott instantly attacked them; two hundred were killed, their plunder
+retaken, and the whole body of savages driven from the ground.</p>
+
+<p>When Congress met soon after this, of course this wretched Indian war
+was much talked of. It was proposed at once to raise three additional
+regiments. Upon this a hot debate sprang up, the proposal was opposed
+warmly; the opponents said that it would be necessary to lay a heavy
+tax upon the people to raise them, that the war had been badly
+managed, and should have been trusted to the militia in the west under
+their own officers, and, moreover, that no success could be expected
+so long as the British continued to hold posts in our own limits, and
+furnish the Indians with arms, ammunition, and advice.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, it was declared that the war was a just and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span>
+necessary one. It was shown that in seven years (between 1783 and
+1790), fifteen hundred people in Kentucky had been murdered or taken
+captives by the savages; while in Pennsylvania and Virginia matters
+had been well nigh as bad; that everything had been done to settle
+matters peaceably but all to no purpose. In 1790, when a treaty was
+proposed to the Indians of the Miami, they asked for thirty days to
+deliberate&mdash;the request was granted&mdash;during those thirty days one
+hundred and twenty persons had been killed or captured, and at the end
+of the time the savages refused to give any answer to the proposal. At
+last the vote was taken&mdash;the resolution passed&mdash;the war was to be
+carried on&mdash;the regiments were to be raised.</p>
+
+<p>General St. Clair now resigned the command of the army, and Major
+General Anthony Wayne was appointed to succeed him. This appointment
+gave great joy to the western people; the man was so well known among
+them for his daring and bravery, that he commonly went by the name of
+"Mad Anthony."</p>
+
+<p>After much delay, the regiments were at last gathered together. Some
+still opposed this war and in order to prove to them that the
+government was willing to settle matters peaceably, if possible, two
+officers&mdash;Colonel Hardin and Major Truman, were now sent off to
+the Indians with proposals of peace. They were both seized and
+murdered by the savages.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Wayne now started out upon his expedition. In a little time he passed
+Fort Jefferson, took possession of St. Clair's fatal field, and
+erected a fort there which he called Fort Recovery. He now learned the
+truth of the stories about the British. A number of British soldiers
+had come down from Detroit, and fortified themselves on the Miami of
+the lakes. It was rumored too, that in some of the Indian fights and
+massacres, the English were seen among them, fighting and urging them
+on.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>
+The General continued his march, and early in August reached the
+confluence of the Miami of the Lakes and the Au Glaize. This was one
+of the finest countries of the Indians, it was about thirty miles from
+the British post, and he discovered here, that two thousand warriors
+were near that post ready to meet him. Wayne was glad to hear this;
+his army was quite as strong, and he longed to meet the savages. As he
+drew near, however, he determined once more to have peace if possible,
+without shedding blood. A message was sent to the Indians, urging them
+not to follow the advice of bad men, to lay down their arms, to learn
+to live peaceably, and their lives and their homes should be protected
+by the government. An insolent answer, was all that was received in
+reply.</p>
+
+<p>Wayne's army now marched on in columns&mdash;a select battalion, under
+Major Price, moving in front to reconnoitre. After marching about five
+miles, Price was driven back by the fire of the Indians. As usual, the
+cunning enemy was concealed; they had hid themselves in a thick wood a
+little in advance of the British post, and here Price had received
+their fire.</p>
+
+<p>Wayne had now found out precisely where they were, and gave his orders
+accordingly. The cavalry under Captain Campbell were commanded to
+enter the wood in the rear of the Indians, between them and the river,
+and charge their left flank. General Scott, with eleven hundred
+mounted Kentucky volunteers, was to make a circuit in the opposite
+direction, and attack the right. The infantry were to advance with
+trailed arms, and rouse the enemy from their hiding-places. All being
+ready, the infantry commenced their march. The Indians were at once
+routed at the point of the bayonet. The infantry had done the whole;
+Campbell and Scott had hardly the chance of doing any of the fighting.
+In the course of an hour, they had driven the savages back two miles;
+in fact, within gun-shot of the British post.</p>
+
+<p>Wayne had now the possession of the whole ground, and here he remained
+three days, burning their houses and cornfields above and below the
+fort. One Englishman suffered, too, in this work of destruction.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>
+Colonel M&#8216;Kee was known as a British trader, forever instigating the
+Indians against the Americans, and Wayne did not scruple to burn all
+his houses and stores likewise. Major Campbell, who commanded the
+British fort, remonstrated at this, but Wayne gave him a bold and
+determined answer in reply, and he had no more to say. A few words
+from him would only have caused Wayne to drive him from the country.</p>
+
+<p>The army now returned to Au Glaize, destroying all the houses,
+villages, and crops by the way. It was one complete work of
+destruction; within fifty miles of the river everything was destroyed.
+In this campaign, Wayne had lost one hundred and seven men, and among
+them were two brave officers&mdash;Captain Campbell and Lieutenant Towles,
+but still he had gained a glorious victory. In his track, too, he had
+not forgotten to build forts, to guard against the savages in future.</p>
+
+<p>The story of the victory soon spread, and struck terror to the hearts
+of the Indians north and south. They were restless and dissatisfied,
+but war was sure destruction to them; they felt that it was idle to
+attempt it further, and were ready to be quiet. In less than a year
+from this time, Wayne concluded a treaty, in behalf of the United
+States with all the Indian tribes northwest of the Ohio. The settlers
+at last had peace&mdash;a blessing which they had long desired.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII.</h2>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_w.jpg" width= "150" height= "397" alt="W" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">W</span>ITH the return of peace, the settlers
+were very happy. They could now go out, fell the forests, and
+cultivate their fields in safety. There was no longer any wily savage
+to lay in ambush, and keep them in perpetual anxiety. No man among
+them was happier than Boone. He had been harassed by constant
+struggles ever since he came to Kentucky, and these struggles with the
+savages had made him a warrior rather than a hunter; but he could now
+return to his darling passion. While others cultivated the ground, he
+roamed through the wilderness with his rifle; he was now a hunter
+indeed, spending weeks and months uninterruptedly in the forests By
+day he moved where he pleased, and at night made his camp fearlessly
+wherever the shades of night overtook him. His life was now
+happier than ever.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>Ere long, however, a cloud came over this happiness. Men began again
+to crowd too closely upon him. In spite of all the early struggles
+with the savages in Kentucky, emigrants had continued to flow into
+that country. As early as 1783, Kentucky had been laid off into three
+counties, and was that year formed into one district, and called the
+District of Kentucky. In 1785, a convention was called at Danville,
+and a memorial was addressed to the legislature of Virginia, proposing
+that Kentucky should be erected into an independent State. In 1786,
+the legislature of Virginia took the necessary steps for making the
+new State, if Congress would admit it into the Union. In 1792,
+Kentucky was admitted into the Union as one of the United States of
+America. And now that peace had come to aid the settlers, emigration
+flowed in more rapidly. Court-houses, jails, judges, lawyers,
+sheriffs, and constables, began necessarily to be seen. Kentucky was
+becoming every day a more settled and civilized region, and Boone's
+heart grew sick. He had sought the wilderness, and men were fast
+taking it away from him. He began to think of moving.</p>
+
+<p>Another sorrow now came over him, and soon fixed in him the
+determination to seek a new home. Men began to dispute with him the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span>
+title to his land. The State of Kentucky had not been surveyed by the
+government, and laid off into sections and townships, as the lands
+north of the Ohio river have since been. The government of Virginia
+had issued certificates, entitling the holder to locate where he
+pleased the number of acres called for. To actual settlers, who should
+build a cabin, raise a crop, &amp;c., pre-emption rights to such lands as
+they might occupy were also granted. Entries of these certificates
+were made in a way so loose, that different men frequently located the
+same lands; one title would often lap over upon another; and almost
+all the titles conferred in this way became known as "the lapping, or
+shingle titles." Continued lawsuits sprang out of this state of
+things; no man knew what belonged to him. Boone had made these loose
+entries of his lands: his titles, of course, were disputed. It was
+curious to see the old man in a court of law, which he thoroughly
+despised, fighting for his rights. He was greatly provoked; he had
+explored and redeemed the wilderness, as he said, borne every hardship
+with his wife and children, only to be cheated at last. But the law
+decided against him; he lost his lands, and would now no longer remain
+in that region.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Hearing that buffaloes and deer were still plenty about the Great
+Kanhawa river, he started thither with his wife and children, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>
+settled near Point Pleasant. Here he remained several years. He was
+disappointed in not finding game as he expected, and was more of a
+farmer here than ever before; he turned his attention earnestly to
+agriculture, and was very successful in raising good crops. Still he
+was dissatisfied; he longed for the wilderness. Hunting and trapping
+were the constant thoughts of his life.</p>
+
+<p>While living here, he met accidentally with a party of men who had
+been out upon the upper waters of the Missouri. These men talked of
+the beauty of that region: they had stories to tell of grizzly bears,
+buffaloes, deer, beavers, and otters&mdash;in fact, the region was in their
+eyes "the paradise for a hunter." Fired by these stories, Boone
+resolved to go there. Accordingly, he gathered together all that he
+possessed, and with his wife and family started for Missouri, driving
+his herds and cattle before him. It was strange to see an old man thus
+vigorous in seeking a new home. He was an object of surprise to every
+one. When he reached Cincinnati, on his route, some one, marking his
+age, and surprised at his adventure, asked him how, at his time of
+life, he could leave all the comforts of home, for the wilderness. His
+answer shows his whole character: "Too much crowded, too much
+crowded," said he; "I want more elbow-room." Travelling on, he at
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>
+length reached Missouri, and, proceeding about fifty miles above St.
+Louis, settled in what is now St. Charles county.</p>
+
+<p>Here everything pleased Boone. The country, as you know, was then in
+the possession of the French and Spanish, and the old laws by which
+their territories were governed were still in force there. They had no
+constitution, no king, no legislature, no judges, lawyers, or
+sheriffs. An officer called the commandant, and the priests, exercised
+all the authority that was needed. The horses, cattle, flocks, and
+herds of these people all grazed together upon the same commons; in
+fact, they were living here almost in primitive simplicity. Boone's
+character for honesty and courage soon became known among them, and he
+was appointed by the Spanish commandant the commandant over the
+district of St. Charles.</p>
+
+<p>Boone now had the satisfaction of settling all his children
+comfortably around him, and in the unbroken wilderness his hunting and
+trapping was unmolested. In his office of commandant he gave great
+satisfaction to every one, and continued to occupy it until Missouri
+was purchased by our government from the French. When that purchase
+was made, American enterprise soon came upon him again&mdash;he was once
+more crowded by his fellow-men. His old office of commandant was soon
+merged in the new order of things&mdash;his hunting-grounds were invaded by
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>
+others. Nothing remained for him now, but to submit to his fate; he
+was too old to move again, nor indeed did he know where to go. He
+continued his old habits, as well he might. He would start out with
+his rifle, now marked with a paper sight to guide his dim eye, and be
+absent from his home for weeks. Nearly eighty years had passed over
+him, yet he would lie in wait near the salt-licks, and bring down his
+buffalo or his deer, and as bravely and cheerily as in his younger
+days, would he cut down bee-trees. As the light-hearted Frenchmen
+swept up the river in their fleets of periogues on their hunting
+excursions, Boone would cheer them as they passed, and sigh for his
+younger days that he might join their parties. He was a complete
+Nimrod, now almost worn out.</p>
+
+<p>It was while he was living here, I think, that he was met by that very
+interesting man, Mr. Audubon, the natural historian of our continent.
+He was struck with the man, and has given the story of his interview
+with Boone. It is so illustrative of the character of the hunter, that
+I give it to you in Mr. Audubon's words.</p>
+
+<p>"Daniel Boone, or as he was usually called in the western country,
+Colonel Boone, happened to spend a night under the same roof with me,
+more than twenty years ago. We had returned from a shooting excursion,
+in the course of which his extraordinary skill in the management of a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>
+rifle had been fully displayed. On retiring to the room appropriated
+to that remarkable individual and myself for the night, I felt anxious
+to know more of his exploits and adventures than I did, and
+accordingly took the liberty of proposing numerous questions to him.
+The stature and general appearance of this wanderer of the western
+forests, approached the gigantic. His chest was broad and prominent;
+his muscular powers displayed themselves in every limb; his
+countenance gave indication of his great courage, enterprise, and
+perseverance; and when he spoke, the very motion of his lips brought
+the impression, that whatever he uttered could not be otherwise than
+strictly true. I undressed, while he merely took off his hunting
+shirt, and arranged a few folds of blankets on the floor; choosing
+rather to lie there, as he observed, than on the softest bed. When we
+had both disposed of ourselves, each after his own fashion, he related
+to me the following account of his powers of memory, which I lay
+before you, kind reader, in his own words, hoping that the simplicity
+of his style may prove interesting to you.</p>
+
+<p>"I was once," said he, "on a hunting expedition on the banks of the
+Green river, when the lower parts of this (Kentucky) were still in the
+hands of nature, and none but the sons of the soil were looked upon as
+its lawful proprietors. We Virginians had for some time been waging a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span>
+war of intrusion upon them, and I, among the rest, rambled through
+the woods, in pursuit of their race, as I now would follow the tracks
+of any ravenous animal. The Indians outwitted me one dark night, and I
+was as unexpectedly as suddenly made a prisoner by them. The trick had
+been managed with great skill; for no sooner had I extinguished the
+fire of my camp, and laid me down to rest, in full security, as I
+thought, than I felt myself seized by an indistinguishable number of
+hands, and was immediately pinioned, as if about to be led to the
+scaffold for execution. To have attempted to be refractory, would have
+proved useless and dangerous to my life; and I suffered myself to be
+removed from my camp to theirs, a few miles distant, without uttering
+even a word of complaint. You are aware, I dare say, that to act in
+this manner, was the best policy, as you understand that by so doing,
+I proved to the Indians at once, that I was born and bred as fearless
+of death as any of themselves.</p>
+
+<p>"When we reached the camp, great rejoicings were exhibited. Two
+squaws, and a few papooses, appeared particularly delighted at the
+sight of me, and I was assured, by very unequivocal gestures and
+words, that, on the morrow, the mortal enemy of the red-skins would
+cease to live. I never opened my lips, but was busy contriving some
+scheme which might enable me to give the rascals the slip before
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>
+dawn. The women immediately fell a searching about my hunting-shirt
+for whatever they might think valuable, and fortunately for me, soon
+found my flask, filled with <i>Monongahela</i> (that is, reader, strong
+whiskey). A terrific grin was exhibited on their murderous
+countenances, while my heart throbbed with joy at the anticipation of
+their intoxication. The crew immediately began to beat their bellies
+and sing, as they passed the bottle from mouth to mouth. How often did
+I wish the flask ten times its size, and filled with aquafortis! I
+observed that the squaws drank more freely than the warriors, and
+again my spirits were about to be depressed, when the report of a gun
+was heard at a distance. The Indians all jumped on their feet. The
+singing and drinking were both brought to a stand; and I saw with
+inexpressible joy, the men walk off to some distance, and talk to the
+squaws. I knew that they were consulting about me, and I foresaw, that
+in a few moments the warriors would go to discover the cause of the
+gun having been fired so near their camp. I expected the squaws would
+be left to guard me. Well, sir, it was just so. They returned; the men
+took up their guns and walked away. The squaws sat down again, and in
+less than five minutes they had my bottle up to their dirty mouths,
+gurgling down their throats the remains of the whiskey.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>"With what pleasure did I see them becoming more and more drunk, until
+the liquor took such hold of them that it was quite impossible for
+these women to be of any service. They tumbled down, rolled about, and
+began to snore; when I, having no other chance of freeing myself from
+the cords that fastened me, rolled over and over toward the fire, and
+after a short time burned them asunder. I rose on my feet; stretched
+my stiffened sinews; snatched up my rifle, and, for once in my life,
+spared that of Indians. I now recollect how desirous I once or twice
+felt to lay open the sculls of the wretches with my tomahawk; but when
+I again thought upon killing beings unprepared and unable to defend
+themselves, it looked like murder without need, and I gave up the
+idea.</p>
+
+<p>"But, sir, I felt determined to mark the spot, and walking to a
+thrifty ash sapling, I cut out of it three large chips, and ran off. I
+soon reached the river; soon crossed it, and threw myself deep into
+the canebrakes, imitating the tracks of an Indian with my feet, so
+that no chance might be left for those from whom I had escaped to
+overtake me.</p>
+
+<p>"It is now nearly twenty years since this happened, and more than five
+since I left the whites' settlements, which I might probably never
+have visited again, had I not been called on as a witness in a lawsuit
+that was pending in Kentucky and which, I really believe, would never
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span>
+have been settled, had I not come forward, and established the
+beginning of a certain boundary line. This is the story, sir.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. &mdash;&mdash; moved from old Virginia into Kentucky, and having
+a large tract granted to him in the new state, laid claim to a certain
+parcel of land adjoining Green river, and as chance would have it, he
+took for one of his corners the very ash tree on which I had made my
+mark, and finished his survey of some thousands of acres, beginning,
+as it is expressed in the deed, 'at an ash marked by three distinct
+notches of the tomahawk of a white man.'</p>
+
+<p>"The tree had grown much, and the bark had covered the marks; but,
+some how or other, Mr. &mdash;&mdash; heard from some one all that I
+have already said to you, and thinking that I might remember the spot
+alluded to in the deed, but which was no longer discoverable, wrote
+for me to come and try at least to find the place on the tree. His
+letter mentioned, that all my expenses should be paid; and not caring
+much about once more going back to Kentucky, I started and met
+Mr. &mdash;&mdash;. After some conversation, the affair with the
+Indians came to my recollection. I considered for a while, and began
+to think that after all, I could find the very spot, as well as the
+tree, if it was yet standing.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. &mdash;&mdash; and I mounted our horses, and off we went to the
+Green river bottoms. After some difficulties, for you must be aware,
+sir, that great changes had taken place in these woods, I found at
+last the spot where I had crossed the river, and waiting for the moon
+to rise, made for the course in which I thought the ash tree grew. On
+approaching the place, I felt as if the Indians were there still, and
+as if I was still a prisoner among them. Mr. &mdash;&mdash; and I
+camped near what I conceived the spot, and waited till the return of
+day.</p>
+
+<p>"At the rising of the sun I was on foot, and after a good deal of
+musing, thought that an ash tree then in sight must be the very one on
+which I had made my mark. I felt as if there could be no doubt of it,
+and mentioned my thought to Mr. &mdash;&mdash;. 'Well, Colonel Boone,'
+said he, 'if you think so, I hope it may prove true, but we must have
+some witnesses; do you stay hereabout, and I will go and bring some of
+the settlers whom I know.' I agreed. Mr. &mdash;&mdash; trotted off,
+and I, to pass the time, rambled about to see if a deer was still
+living in the land. But ah! sir, what a wonderful difference thirty
+years make in the country! Why, at the time when I was caught by the
+Indians, you would not have walked out in any direction for more than
+a mile without shooting a buck or a bear. There were ten thousands of
+buffaloes on the hills in Kentucky; the land looked
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span>
+as if it would never become poor; and to hunt in those days was a
+pleasure indeed. But when I was left to myself on the banks of the
+Green river, I dare say for the last time in my life, a few <i>signs</i>
+only of deer were to be seen, and as to a deer itself, I saw none.</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. &mdash;&mdash; returned, accompanied by three gentlemen.
+They looked upon me as if I had been Washington himself, and walked to
+the ash tree which I now called my own, as if in quest of a long lost
+treasure. I took an axe from one of them and cut a few chips off the
+bark. Still no signs were to be seen. So I cut again, until I thought
+it time to be cautious, and I scraped and worked away with my butcher
+knife, until I <i>did</i> come to where my tomahawk had left an impression
+in the wood. We now went regularly to work, and scraped at the tree
+with care, until three hacks, as plain as any three notches ever were,
+could be seen. Mr. &mdash;&mdash; and the other gentlemen were
+astonished, and, I must allow, I was as much surprised as pleased,
+myself. I made affidavit of this remarkable occurrence in the presence
+of these gentlemen. Mr. &mdash;&mdash; gained his cause. I left Green
+river, for ever, and came to where we now are; and, sir, I wish you a
+good night."</p>
+
+<p>Here, too, it was that he resided, when Mr. Astor attempted to carry
+out his magnificent design, of settling Astoria on the western coast
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>
+of our continent, and belting the earth with his commerce. When you
+are older, you can read the beautiful history of that attempt, written
+by our distinguished countryman Mr. Irving. As the party, bound for
+the far west, moved up the Missouri, Boone stood upon the banks of the
+stream, looking anxiously after them. It was just the adventure to
+please him. There the old man stood, leaning upon his rifle, his dim
+eye lighted up as he gazed upon them, and his heart heavy with sorrow,
+because he was too old to press with them, beyond the mountains.
+<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a>
+<a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a></p>
+
+<p>Other sorrows than those of age, now crept upon him. His wife, who had
+been to him all that was good, was now taken from him, and the old man
+was left widowed. With a sad heart he now went to the home of his son,
+Major Nathan Boone.</p>
+
+<p>The last war with England now broke out, too, and penetrated even the
+wilds of Missouri. It was the worst of all warfare&mdash;the savages were
+let loose upon them. Boone was too old to act the part of a soldier,
+but he sent off many substitutes in his sons.</p>
+
+<p>When peace returned, the spirit of the old man rallied; his ruling
+passion was still with him. The woods were again his home, his rifle
+his companion; and thus he lived on, through a vigorous old age, with
+a passion as strong as ever, a hunter almost to the very day of his
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span>
+death. For when, in 1818, death came upon him, he had but little
+notice of its approach. With no disease but old age, which had seemed
+comparatively vigorous almost to the day of his departure, he died in
+his eighty-fourth year. His mind was unclouded and he passed from this
+world calmly and quietly.</p>
+
+<p>I have but one thing more to say. You remember Daniel Boone's
+schoolboy days, of which I have spoken. He left school a perfectly
+ignorant lad. Some say that he afterward learned to write, and produce
+as an evidence, a little narrative of his wanderings in Kentucky,
+supposed to be written by himself. I believe, however, that to the day
+of his death, he could not write his name. The narrative spoken of,
+was, I think, dictated in some degree by him, and written by another.
+At all events, the story is interesting and curious, and, as such, I
+have placed it for your benefit, as an appendix to this volume.
+
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span>
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1">
+</a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a>
+This was the Indian name for the country.</p><br /></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>
+It is said by some that this man did not thus leave them.
+Their story is, that the three started out upon a hunt; that this man
+was separated from the Boones, and became entangled in a swamp. The
+Boones searched for him, but could not find him. Afterward, they found
+fragments of his clothes, which convinced them that the poor man had
+been torn to pieces by wolves.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Daniel Boone, however, tells a different story. He says that the man
+left them, "and returned home by himself;" and I have preferred his
+statement to any other.</p><br /></div>
+
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a>
+This mode of marking their track is often practised by
+hunters in the woods. As they pass through the forest, they mark the
+trees by cutting off a small piece of the bark. This enables them
+again to find the same pathway, and is commonly called "blazing the
+track."</p><br /></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a>
+It is said that it was by Daniel Boone's advice that they
+first thought of making this purchase.</p><br /></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a>
+<a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a>
+See Irving's Astoria.</p><br /></div>
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX.</h2>
+<hr style="width: 25%;" />
+<h2>THE ADVENTURES OF COLONEL DANIEL BOONE,</h2>
+
+<h4>FORMERLY A HUNTER;</h4>
+
+<h3>CONTAINING A NARRATIVE OF THE WARS OF KENTUCKY,</h3>
+
+<h3>AS GIVEN BY HIMSELF.</h3>
+
+<div class="wrap_area">
+    <img src="images/drop_c.jpg" width="150" height="383" alt="C" />
+
+    <div class="shape_wrap">
+        <div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+	<div style="width: 151px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 112px;" ></div>
+        <div style="width: 82px;"  ></div>
+    </div>
+
+<p><span class="dropcap">C</span>URIOSITY is natural to the soul of man, and interesting objects have
+a powerful influence on our affections. Let these influencing powers
+actuate, by the permission or disposal of Providence, from selfish or
+social views, yet in time the mysterious will of Heaven is unfolded,
+and we behold our conduct, from whatsoever motives excited, operating
+to answer the important designs of Heaven. Thus we behold Kentucky,
+lately a howling wilderness, the habitation of savages and wild
+beasts, become a fruitful field; this region, so favorably
+distinguished by nature, now become the habitation of civilization,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span>
+at a period unparalleled in history, in the midst of a raging war, and
+under all the disadvantages of emigration to a country so remote from
+the inhabited parts of the continent. Here, where the hand of violence
+shed the blood of the innocent; where the horrid yells of savages and
+the groans of the distressed sounded in our ears, we now hear the
+praises and adorations of our Creator; where wretched wigwams stood,
+the miserable abodes of savages, we behold the foundations of cities
+laid, that, in all probability, will equal the glory of the greatest
+upon earth. And we view Kentucky, situated on the fertile banks of the
+great Ohio, rising from obscurity to shine with splendor equal to any
+other of the stars of the American hemisphere.</p>
+
+<p>The settling of this region well deserves a place in history. Most of
+the memorable events I have myself been exercised in; and, for the
+satisfaction of the public, will briefly relate the circumstances of
+my adventures, and scenes of life, from my first movement to this
+country until this day.</p>
+
+<p>It was on the first of May, in the year 1769, that I resigned my
+domestic happiness for a time, and left my family and peaceable
+habitation on the Yadkin river, in North Carolina, to wander through
+the wilderness of America, in quest of the country of Kentucky, in
+company with John Finley, John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James Monay,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span>
+and William Cool. We proceeded successfully, and after a long and
+fatiguing journey through a mountainous wilderness, in a westward
+direction, on the 7th day of June following we found ourselves on Red
+river, where John Finley had formerly been trading with the Indians,
+and, from the top of an eminence, saw with pleasure the beautiful
+level of Kentucky. Here let me observe that for some time we had
+experienced the most uncomfortable weather, as a prelibation of our
+future sufferings. At this place we encamped, and made a shelter to
+defend us from the inclement season, and began to hunt and reconnoitre
+the country. We found everywhere abundance of wild beasts of all
+sorts, through this vast forest. The buffalo were more frequent than I
+have seen cattle in the settlements, browsing on the leaves of the
+cane, or cropping the herbage on those extensive plains, fearless,
+because ignorant, of the violence of man. Sometimes we saw hundreds in
+a drove, and the numbers about the salt springs were amazing. In this
+forest, the habitation of beasts of every kind natural to America, we
+practised hunting with great success until the 22d day of December
+following.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>This day John Stewart and I had a pleasing ramble, but fortune changed
+the scene in the close of it. We had passed through a great forest,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span>
+on which stood myriads of trees, some gay with blossoms, and others
+rich with fruits. Nature was here a series of wonders, and a fund of
+delight. Here she displayed her ingenuity and industry in a variety of
+flowers and fruits, beautifully colored, elegantly shaped, and
+charmingly flavored; and we were diverted with innumerable animals
+presenting themselves perpetually to our view. In the decline of the
+day, near Kentucky river, as we ascended the brow of a small hill, a
+number of Indians rushed out of a thick canebrake upon us, and made us
+prisoners. The time of our sorrow was now arrived, and the scene fully
+opened. The Indians plundered us of what we had, and kept us in
+confinement seven days, treating us with common savage usage. During
+this time we discovered no uneasiness or desire to escape, which made
+them less suspicious of us; but in the dead of night, as we lay in a
+thick canebrake by a large fire, when sleep had locked up their
+senses, my situation not disposing me for rest, I touched my
+companion, and gently awoke him. We improved this favorable
+opportunity, and departed, leaving them to take their rest, and
+speedily directed our course toward our old camp, but found it
+plundered, and the company dispersed and gone home. About this time my
+brother, Squire Boone, with another adventurer, who came to explore
+the country shortly after us, was wandering through the forest,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>
+determined to find me if possible, and accidentally found our camp.
+Notwithstanding the unfortunate circumstances of our company, and our
+dangerous situation, as surrounded with hostile savages, our meeting
+so fortunately in the wilderness made us reciprocally sensible of the
+utmost satisfaction. So much does friendship triumph over misfortune,
+that sorrows and sufferings vanish at the meeting not only of real
+friends, but of the most distant acquaintances, and substitute
+happiness in their room.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after this, my companion in captivity, John Stewart, was killed
+by the savages, and the man that came with my brother returned home by
+himself. We were then in a dangerous, helpless situation, exposed
+daily to perils and death among savages and wild beasts&mdash;not a white
+man in the country but ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>Thus situated, many hundred miles from our families in the howling
+wilderness, I believe few would have equally enjoyed the happiness we
+experienced. I often observed to my brother, "You see now how little
+nature requires, to be satisfied. Felicity, the companion of content,
+is rather found in our own breasts than in the enjoyment of external
+things; and I firmly believe it requires but a little philosophy to
+make a man happy in whatsoever state he is. This consists in a full
+resignation to the will of Providence; and a resigned soul finds
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span>
+pleasure in a path strewed with briers and thorns."</p>
+
+<p>We continued not in a state of indolence, but hunted every day, and
+prepared a little cottage to defend us from the winter storms. We
+remained there undisturbed during the winter; and on the 1st day of
+May, 1770, my brother returned home to the settlement by himself, for
+a new recruit of horses and ammunition, leaving me by myself, without
+bread, salt, or sugar, without company of my fellow-creatures, or even
+a horse or dog. I confess I never before was under greater necessity
+of exercising philosophy and fortitude. A few days I passed
+uncomfortably. The idea of a beloved wife and family, and their
+anxiety upon the account of my absence and exposed situation, made
+sensible impressions on my heart. A thousand dreadful apprehensions
+presented themselves to my view, and had undoubtedly disposed me to
+melancholy, if further indulged.</p>
+
+<p>One day I undertook a tour through the country, and the diversity and
+beauties of nature I met with in this charming season, expelled every
+gloomy and vexatious thought. Just at the close of day the gentle
+gales retired, and left the place to the disposal of a profound calm.
+Not a breeze shook the most tremulous leaf. I had gained the summit of
+a commanding ridge, and, looking round with astonishing delight,
+beheld the ample plains, the beauteous tracts below. On the other
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span>
+hand, I surveyed the famous river Ohio that rolled in silent dignity,
+marking the western boundary of Kentucky with inconceivable grandeur.
+At a vast distance I beheld the mountains lift their venerable brows,
+and penetrate the clouds. All things were still. I kindled a fire near
+a fountain of sweet water, and feasted on the loin of a buck, which a
+few hours before I had killed. The sullen shades of night soon
+overspread the whole hemisphere, and the earth seemed to gasp after
+the hovering moisture. My roving excursion this day had fatigued my
+body, and diverted my imagination. I laid me down to sleep, and I
+awoke not until the sun had chased away the night. I continued this
+tour, and in a few days explored a considerable part of the country,
+each day equally pleased as the first. I returned again to my old
+camp, which was not disturbed in my absence. I did not confine my
+lodging to it, but often reposed in thick canebrakes, to avoid the
+savages, who, I believe, often visited my camp, but, fortunately for
+me, in my absence. In this situation I was constantly exposed to
+danger and death. How unhappy such a situation for a man tormented
+with fear, which is vain if no danger comes, and if it does, only
+augments the pain! It was my happiness to be destitute of this
+afflicting passion, with which I had the greatest reason to be
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span>
+affected. The prowling wolves diverted my nocturnal hours with
+perpetual howlings; and the various species of animals in this vast
+forest, in the daytime, were continually in my view.</p>
+
+<p>Thus I was surrounded by plenty in the midst of want. I was happy in
+the midst of dangers and inconveniences. In such a diversity, it was
+impossible I should be disposed to melancholy. No populous city, with
+all the varieties of commerce and stately structures, could afford so
+much pleasure to my mind as the beauties of nature I found here.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, through an uninterrupted scene of sylvan pleasures, I spent the
+time until the 27th day of July following, when my brother, to my
+great felicity, met me, according to appointment, at our old camp.
+Shortly after, we left this place, not thinking it safe to stay there
+longer, and proceeded to Cumberland river, reconnoitring that part of
+the country until March, 1771, and giving names to the different
+waters.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after, I returned home to my family, with a determination to
+bring them as soon as possible to live in Kentucky, which I esteemed a
+second paradise, at the risk of my life and fortune.</p>
+
+<p>I returned safe to my old habitation, and found my family in happy
+circumstances. I sold my farm on the Yadkin, and what goods we could
+not carry with us; and on the 25th day of September,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span>
+1773, bade a farewell to our friends, and proceeded on our journey to
+Kentucky, in company with five families more, and forty men that
+joined us in Powel's Valley, which is one hundred and fifty miles from
+the now settled parts of Kentucky. This promising beginning was soon
+overcast with a cloud of adversity; for, upon the 10th day of October,
+the rear of our company was attacked by a number of Indians, who
+killed six, and wounded one man. Of these, my eldest son was one that
+fell in the action. Though we defended ourselves, and repulsed the
+enemy, yet this unhappy affair scattered out cattle, brought us into
+extreme difficulty, and so discouraged the whole company, that we
+retreated forty miles, to the settlement on Clinch river. We had
+passed over two mountains, viz., Powel's and Walden's, and were
+approaching Cumberland mountain when this adverse fortune overtook us.
+These mountains are in the wilderness, as we pass from the old
+settlements in Virginia to Kentucky, are ranged in a southwest and
+northeast direction, are of a great length and breadth, and not far
+distant from each other. Over these, nature hath formed passes that
+are less difficult than might be expected, from a view of such huge
+piles. The aspect of these cliffs is so wild and horrid, that it is
+impossible to behold them without terror. The spectator is apt to
+imagine that nature had formerly suffered
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span>
+ some violent convulsion, and that these are the dismembered
+remains of the dreadful shock: the ruins, not of Persepolis or
+Palmyra, but of the world!</p>
+
+<p>I remained with my family on Clinch until the 6th of June, 1774, when
+I and one Michael Stoner were solicited by Governor Dunmore of
+Virginia to go to the falls of the Ohio, to conduct into the
+settlement a number of surveyors that had been sent thither by him
+some months before; this country having about this time drawn the
+attention of many adventurers. We immediately complied with the
+Governor's request, and conducted in the surveyors&mdash;completing a tour
+of eight hundred miles, through many difficulties, in sixty-two days.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after I returned home, I was ordered to take the command of three
+garrisons during the campaign which Governor Dunmore carried on
+against the Shawanese Indians; after the conclusion of which, the
+militia was discharged from each garrison, and I, being relieved from
+my post, was solicited by a number of North Carolina gentlemen, that
+were about purchasing the lands lying on the south side of Kentucky
+river, from the Cherokee Indians, to attend their treaty at Wataga in
+March, 1775, to negotiate with them, and mention the boundaries of the
+purchase. This I accepted; and, at the request of the same gentlemen,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>
+undertook to mark out a road in the best passage from the settlement
+through the wilderness to Kentucky, with such assistance as I thought
+necessary to employ for such an important undertaking.</p>
+
+<p>I soon began this work, having collected a number of enterprising men,
+well armed. We proceeded with all possible expedition until we came
+within fifteen miles of where Boonesborough now stands, and where we
+were fired upon by a party of Indians that killed two, and wounded two
+of our number; yet, although surprised and taken at a disadvantage, we
+stood our ground. This was on the 20th of March, 1775. Three days
+after, we were fired upon again, and had two men killed, and three
+wounded. Afterward we proceeded on to Kentucky river without
+opposition; and on the 1st day of April began to erect the fort of
+Boonesborough at a salt lick, about sixty yards from the river, on the
+south side.</p>
+
+<p>On the fourth day, the Indians killed one of our men. We were busily
+employed in building this fort until the 14th day of June following,
+without any further opposition from the Indians; and having finished
+the works, I returned to my family, on Clinch.</p>
+
+<p>In a short time I proceeded to remove my family from Clinch to this
+garrison, where we arrived safe, without any other difficulties than
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span>
+such as are common to this passage; my wife and daughter being the
+first white women that ever stood on the banks of Kentucky river.</p>
+
+<p>On the 24th day of December following, we had one man killed, and one
+wounded, by the Indians, who seemed determined to persecute us for
+erecting this fortification.</p>
+
+<p>On the 14th day of July, 1776, two of Colonel Calaway's daughters, and
+one of mine, were taken prisoners near the fort. I immediately pursued
+the Indians with only eight men, and on the 16th overtook them, killed
+two of the party, and recovered the girls. The same day on which this
+attempt was made, the Indians divided themselves into different
+parties, and attacked several forts, which were shortly before this
+time erected, doing a great deal of mischief. This was extremely
+distressing to the new settlers. The innocent husbandman was shot
+down, while busy in cultivating the soil for his family's supply. Most
+of the cattle around the stations were destroyed. They continued their
+hostilities in this manner until the 15th of April, 1777, when they
+attacked Boonesborough with a party of above one hundred in number,
+killed one man, and wounded four. Their loss in this attack was not
+certainly known to us.</p>
+
+<p>On the 4th day of July following, a party of about two hundred Indians
+attacked Boonesborough,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span>
+ killed one man, and wounded two. They
+besieged us forty-eight hours, during which time seven of them were
+killed, and, at last, finding themselves not likely to prevail, they
+raised the siege, and departed.</p>
+
+<p>The Indians had disposed their warriors in different parties at this
+time, and attacked the different garrisons, to prevent their assisting
+each other, and did much injury to the distressed inhabitants.</p>
+
+<p>On the 19th day of this month, Colonel Logan's fort was besieged by a
+party of about two hundred Indians. During this dreadful siege they
+did a great deal of mischief, distressed the garrison, in which were
+only fifteen men, killed two, and wounded one. The enemy's loss was
+uncertain, from the common practice which the Indians have of carrying
+off their dead in time of battle. Colonel Harrod's fort was then
+defended by only sixty-five men, and Boonesborough by twenty-two,
+there being no more forts or white men in the country, except at the
+Falls, a considerable distance from these: and all, taken
+collectively, were but a handful to the numerous warriors that were
+everywhere dispersed through the country, intent upon doing all the
+mischief that savage barbarity could invent. Thus we passed through a
+scene of sufferings that exceeds description.</p>
+
+<p>On the 25th of this month, a reinforcement of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span>
+ forty-five men arrived
+from North Carolina, and about the 20th of August following, Colonel
+Bowman arrived with one hundred men from Virginia. Now we began to
+strengthen; and hence, for the space of six weeks, we had skirmishes
+with Indians, in one quarter or other, almost every day.</p>
+
+<p>The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as they
+call the Virginians, by experience; being outgeneralled in almost
+every battle. Our affairs began to wear a new aspect, and the enemy,
+not daring to venture on open war, practised secret mischief at times.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1st day of January, 1778, I went with a party of thirty men to
+the Blue Licks, on Licking river, to make salt for the different
+garrisons in the country.</p>
+
+<p>On the 7th day of February, as I was hunting to procure meat for the
+company, I met with a party of one hundred and two Indians, and two
+Frenchmen, on their march against Boonesborough, that place being
+particularly the object of the enemy.</p>
+
+<p>They pursued, and took me; and brought me on the 8th day to the Licks,
+where twenty-seven of my party were, three of them having previously
+returned home with the salt. I, knowing it was impossible for them to
+escape, capitulated with the enemy, and, at a distance, in their
+view,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span>
+ gave notice to my men of their situation, with orders not to
+resist, but surrender themselves captives.</p>
+
+<p>The generous usage the Indians had promised before in my capitulation,
+was afterward fully complied with, and we proceeded with them as
+prisoners to Old Chilicothe, the principal Indian town on Little
+Miami, where we arrived, after an uncomfortable journey in very severe
+weather, on the 18th day of February, and received as good treatment
+as prisoners could expect from savages. On the 10th day of March
+following, I and ten of my men were conducted by forty Indians to
+Detroit, where we arrived the 30th day, and were treated by Governor
+Hamilton, the British commander at that post, with great humanity.</p>
+
+<p>During our travels, the Indians entertained me well, and their
+affection for me was so great, that they utterly refused to leave me
+there with the others, although the Governor offered them one hundred
+pounds sterling for me, on purpose to give me a parole to go home.
+Several English gentlemen there, being sensible of my adverse fortune,
+and touched with human sympathy, generously offered a friendly supply
+for my wants, which I refused, with many thanks for their
+kindness&mdash;adding, that I never expected it would be in my power to
+recompense such unmerited generosity.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The Indians left my men in captivity with the British at Detroit, and
+on the 10th day of April brought me toward Old Chilicothe, where we
+arrived on the 25th day of the same month. This was a long and
+fatiguing march, through an exceeding fertile country, remarkable for
+fine springs and streams of water. At Chilicothe I spent my time as
+comfortably as I could expect; was adopted, according to their custom,
+into a family, where I became a son, and had a great share in the
+affection of my new parents, brothers, sisters, and friends. I was
+exceedingly familiar and friendly with them, always appearing as
+cheerful and satisfied as possible, and they put great confidence in
+me. I often went a hunting with them, and frequently gained their
+applause for my activity at our shooting-matches. I was careful not to
+exceed many of them in shooting; for no people are more envious than
+they in this sport. I could observe, in their countenances and
+gestures, the greatest expressions of joy when they exceeded me; and,
+when the reverse happened, of envy. The Shawanese king took great
+notice of me, and treated me with profound respect and entire
+friendship, often intrusting me to hunt at my liberty. I frequently
+returned with the spoils of the woods, and as often presented some of
+what I had taken to him, expressive of duty to my sovereign. My food
+and lodging were in common with them; not so good, indeed, as I could
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>
+desire, but necessity made everything acceptable.</p>
+
+<p>I now began to meditate an escape, and carefully avoided their
+suspicions, continuing with them at Old Chilicothe until the 1st day
+of June following, and then was taken by them to the salt springs on
+Scioto, and kept there making salt ten days. During this time I hunted
+some for them, and found the land, for a great extent about this
+river, to exceed the soil of Kentucky, if possible, and remarkably
+well watered.</p>
+
+<p>When I returned to Chilicothe, alarmed to see four hundred and fifty
+Indians, of their choicest warriors, painted and armed in a fearful
+manner, ready to march against Boonesborough, I determined to escape
+the first opportunity.</p>
+
+<p>On the 16th, before sunrise, I departed in the most secret manner, and
+arrived at Boonesborough on the 20th, after a journey of one hundred
+and sixty miles, during which I had but one meal.</p>
+
+<p>I found our fortress in a bad state of defence; but we proceeded
+immediately to repair our flanks, strengthen our gates and posterns,
+and form double bastions, which we completed in ten days. In this time
+we daily expected the arrival of the Indian army; and at length, one
+of my fellow-prisoners, escaping from them, arrived, informing us that
+the enemy had, on account of my departure,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span>
+ postponed their expedition
+three weeks. The Indians had spies out viewing our movements, and were
+greatly alarmed with our increase in number and fortifications. The
+grand councils of the nations were held frequently, and with more
+deliberation than usual. They evidently saw the approaching hour when
+the Long Knife would dispossess them of their desirable habitations;
+and, anxiously concerned for futurity, determined utterly to extirpate
+the whites out of Kentucky. We were not intimidated by their
+movements, but frequently gave them proofs of our courage.</p>
+
+<p>About the first of August, I made an incursion into the Indian country
+with a party of nineteen men, in order to surprise a small town up
+Scioto, called Paint Creek Town. We advanced within four miles
+thereof, where we met a party of thirty Indians on their march against
+Boonesborough, intending to join the others from Chilicothe. A smart
+fight ensued between us for some time; at length the savages gave way
+and fled. We had no loss on our side; the enemy had one killed, and
+two wounded. We took from them three horses, and all their baggage;
+and being informed, by two of our number that went to their town, that
+the Indians had entirely evacuated it, we proceeded no further, and
+returned with all possible expedition to assist our garrison against
+the other party. We passed by them on the sixth day,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span>
+ and on the seventh we arrived safe at Boonesborough.</p>
+
+<p>On the 8th, the Indian army arrived, being four hundred and forty-four
+in number, commanded by Captain Duquesne, eleven other Frenchmen, and
+some of their own chiefs, and marched up within view of our fort, with
+British and French colors flying; and having sent a summons to me, in
+his Britannic Majesty's name, to surrender the fort, I requested two
+days' consideration, which was granted.</p>
+
+<p>It was now a critical period with us. We were a small number in the
+garrison&mdash;a powerful army before our walls, whose appearance
+proclaimed inevitable death, fearfully painted, and marking their
+footsteps with desolation. Death was preferable to captivity; and if
+taken by storm, we must inevitably be devoted to destruction. In this
+situation we concluded to maintain our garrison, if possible. We
+immediately proceeded to collect what we could of our horses and other
+cattle, and bring them through the posterns into the fort; and in the
+evening of the 9th, I returned answer that we were determined to
+defend our fort while a man was living. "Now," said I to their
+commander, who stood attentively hearing my sentiments, "we laugh at
+your formidable preparations; but thank you for giving us notice and
+time to provide for our defence. Your efforts will not prevail; for
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span>
+our gates shall for ever deny you admittance." Whether this answer
+affected their courage or not I can not tell; but, contrary to our
+expectations, they formed a scheme to deceive us, declaring it was
+their orders, from Governor Hamilton, to take us captives, and not to
+destroy us; but if nine of us would come out, and treat with them,
+they would immediately withdraw their forces from our walls, and
+return home peaceably. This sounded grateful in our ears; and we
+agreed to the proposal.</p>
+
+<p>We held the treaty within sixty yards of the garrison, on purpose to
+divert them from a breach of honor, as we could not avoid suspicions
+of the savages. In this situation the articles were formally agreed
+to, and signed; and the Indians told us it was customary with them on
+such occasions for two Indians to shake hands with every white man in
+the treaty, as an evidence of entire friendship. We agreed to this
+also, but were soon convinced their policy was to take us prisoners.
+They immediately grappled us; but, although surrounded by hundreds of
+savages, we extricated ourselves from them, and escaped all safe into
+the garrison, except one that was wounded, through a heavy fire from
+their army. They immediately attacked us on every side, and a constant
+heavy fire ensued between us, day and night, for the space of nine days.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>In this time the enemy began to undermine our fort, which was situated
+sixty yards from Kentucky river. They began at the water-mark, and
+proceeded in the bank some distance, which we understood, by their
+making the water muddy with the clay; and we immediately proceeded to
+disappoint their design, by cutting a trench across their subterranean
+passage. The enemy, discovering our counter-mine, by the clay we threw
+out of the fort, desisted from that stratagem: and experience now fully
+convincing them that neither their power nor policy could effect their
+purpose, on the 20th day of August they raised the siege and departed.</p>
+
+<p>During this siege, which threatened death in every form, we had two
+men killed, and four wounded, besides a number of cattle. We killed of
+the enemy thirty-seven, and wounded a great number. After they were
+gone, we picked up one hundred and twenty-five pounds weight of
+bullets, besides what stuck in the logs of our fort, which certainly
+is a great proof of their industry. Soon after this, I went into the
+settlement, and nothing worthy of a place in this account passed in my
+affairs for some time.</p>
+
+<p>During my absence from Kentucky, Colonel Bowman carried on an
+expedition against the Shawanese, at Old Chilicothe, with one hundred
+and sixty men, in July, 1779. Here they arrived undiscovered, and a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span>
+battle ensued, which lasted until ten o'clock, A.M., when Colonel
+Bowman, finding he could not succeed at this time, retreated about
+thirty miles. The Indians, in the mean time, collecting all their
+forces, pursued and overtook him, when a smart fight continued near
+two hours, not to the advantage of Colonel Bowman's party.</p>
+
+<p>Colonel Harrod proposed to mount a number of horse, and furiously to
+rush upon the savages, who at this time fought with remarkable fury.
+This desperate step had a happy effect, broke their line of battle,
+and the savages fled on all sides. In these two battles we had nine
+killed, and one wounded. The enemy's loss uncertain, only two scalps
+being taken.</p>
+
+<p>On the 22d day of June, 1780, a large party of Indians and Canadians,
+about six hundred in number, commanded by Colonel Bird, attacked
+Riddle's and Martin's stations, at the forks of Licking river, with
+six pieces of artillery. They carried this expedition so secretly,
+that the unwary inhabitants did not discover them until they fired
+upon the forts; and, not being prepared to oppose them, were obliged
+to surrender themselves miserable captives to barbarous savages, who
+immediately after tomahawked one man and two women, and loaded all the
+others with heavy baggage, forcing them along toward their towns, able
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span>
+or unable to march. Such as were weak and faint by the way, they
+tomahawked. The tender women and helpless children fell victims to
+their cruelty. This, and the savage treatment they received afterward,
+is shocking to humanity, and too barbarous to relate.</p>
+
+<p>The hostile disposition of the savages and their allies caused General
+Clarke, the commandant at the Falls of the Ohio, immediately to begin
+an expedition with his own regiment, and the armed force of the
+country, against Pecaway, the principal town of the Shawanese, on a
+branch of Great Miami, which he finished with great success, took
+seventeen scalps, and burnt the town to ashes, with the loss of
+seventeen men.</p>
+
+<p>About this time I returned to Kentucky with my family; and here, to
+avoid an inquiry into my conduct, the reader being before informed of
+my bringing my family to Kentucky, I am under the necessity of
+informing him that, during my captivity with the Indians, my wife, who
+despaired of ever seeing me again&mdash;expecting the Indians had put a
+period to my life, oppressed with the distresses of the country, and
+bereaved of me, her only happiness&mdash;had, before I returned,
+transported my family and goods, on horses, through the wilderness,
+amid a multitude of dangers, to her father's house in North Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>Shortly after the troubles at Boonesborough, I went to them, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span>
+lived peaceably there until this time. The history of my going home,
+and returning with my family, forms a series of difficulties, an
+account of which would swell a volume; and, being foreign to my
+purpose, I shall purposely omit them.</p>
+
+<p>I settled my family in Boonesborough once more; and shortly after, on
+the 6th day of October, 1780, I went in company with my brother to the
+Blue Licks; and, on our return home, we were fired upon by a party of
+Indians. They shot him, and pursued me, by the scent of their dog,
+three miles; but I killed the dog, and escaped. The winter soon came
+on, and was very severe, which confined the Indians to their wigwams.</p>
+
+<p>The severity of this winter caused great difficulties in Kentucky. The
+enemy had destroyed most of the corn the summer before. This necessary
+article was scarce and dear, and the inhabitants lived chiefly on the
+flesh of buffalo. The circumstances of many were very lamentable:
+however, being a hardy race of people, and accustomed to difficulties
+and necessities, they were wonderfully supported through all their
+sufferings, until the ensuing autumn, when we received abundance from
+the fertile soil.</p>
+
+<p>Toward spring we were frequently harassed by Indians; and in May,
+1782, a party assaulted Ashton's station, killed one man, and took a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span>
+negro prisoner. Captain Ashton, with twenty-five men, pursued and
+overtook the savages, and a smart fight ensued, which lasted two
+hours; but they, being superior in number, obliged Captain Ashton's
+party to retreat, with the loss of eight killed, and four mortally
+wounded; their brave commander himself being numbered among the dead.</p>
+
+<p>The Indians continued their hostilities; and, about the 10th of August
+following, two boys were taken from Major Hoy's station. This party
+was pursued by Captain Holder and seventeen men, who were also
+defeated, with the loss of four men killed, and one wounded. Our
+affairs became more and more alarming. Several stations which had
+lately been erected in the country were continually infested with
+savages, stealing their horses and killing the men at every
+opportunity. In a field, near Lexington, an Indian shot a man, and
+running to scalp him, was himself shot from the fort, and fell dead
+upon his enemy.</p>
+
+<p>Every day we experienced recent mischiefs. The barbarous savage
+nations of Shawanese, Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Delawares, and
+several others near Detroit, united in a war against us, and assembled
+their choicest warriors at Old Chilicothe, to go on the expedition, in
+order to destroy us, and entirely depopulate the country. Their savage
+minds were inflamed to mischief by two abandoned men, Captains M&#8216;Kee
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span>
+and Girty. These led them to execute every diabolical scheme, and on
+the 15th day of August, commanded a party of Indians and Canadians, of
+about five hundred in number, against Bryant's station, five miles
+from Lexington. Without demanding a surrender, they furiously
+assaulted the garrison, which was happily prepared to oppose them;
+and, after they had expended much ammunition in vain, and killed the
+cattle round the fort, not being likely to make themselves masters of
+this place, they raised the siege, and departed in the morning of the
+third day after they came, with the loss of about thirty killed, and
+the number of wounded uncertain. Of the garrison, four were killed,
+and three wounded.</p>
+
+<p>On the 18th day, Colonel Todd, Colonel Trigg, Major Harland, and
+myself, speedily collected one hundred and seventy-six men, well
+armed, and pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue
+Licks, to a remarkable bend of the main fork of Licking river, about
+forty-three miles from Lexington, where we overtook them on the 19th
+day. The savages observing us, gave way; and we, being ignorant of
+their numbers, passed the river. When the enemy saw our proceedings,
+having greatly the advantage of us in situation, they formed the line
+of battle, from one bend of Licking to the other, about a mile from
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span>
+the Blue Licks. An exceeding fierce battle immediately began, for
+about fifteen minutes, when we, being overpowered by numbers, were
+obliged to retreat, with the loss of sixty-seven men, seven of whom
+were taken prisoners. The brave and much-lamented Colonels Todd and
+Trigg, Major Harland, and my second son, were among the dead. We were
+informed that the Indians, numbering their dead, found they had four
+killed more than we; and therefore four of the prisoners they had
+taken were, by general consent, ordered to be killed in a most
+barbarous manner by the young warriors, in order to train them up to
+cruelty; and then they proceeded to their towns.</p>
+
+<p>On our retreat we were met by Colonel Logan, hastening to join us,
+with a number of well-armed men. This powerful assistance we
+unfortunately wanted in the battle; for, notwithstanding the enemy's
+superiority of numbers, they acknowledged, that, if they had received
+one more fire from us, they should undoubtedly have given way. So
+valiantly did our small party fight, that, to the memory of those who
+unfortunately fell in the battle, enough of honor can not be paid. Had
+Colonel Logan and his party been with us, it is highly probable we
+should have given the savages a total defeat.</p>
+
+<p>I can not reflect upon this dreadful scene, but sorrow fills my
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span>
+heart. A zeal for the defence of their country led these heroes to the
+scene of action, though with a few men to attack a powerful army of
+experienced warriors. When we gave way, they pursued us with the
+utmost eagerness, and in every quarter spread destruction. The river
+was difficult to cross, and many were killed in the flight&mdash;some just
+entering the river, some in the water, others after crossing, in
+ascending the cliffs. Some escaped on horseback, a few on foot; and,
+being dispersed everywhere in a few hours, brought the melancholy news
+of this unfortunate battle to Lexington. Many widows were now made.
+The reader may guess what sorrow filled the hearts of the inhabitants,
+exceeding anything that I am able to describe. Being reinforced, we
+returned to bury the dead, and found their bodies strewed everywhere,
+cut and mangled in a dreadful manner. This mournful scene exhibited a
+horror almost unparalleled: some torn and eaten by wild beasts; those
+in the river eaten by fishes; all in such a putrefied condition, that
+no one could be distinguished from another.</p>
+
+<p>As soon as General Clarke, then at the Falls of the Ohio&mdash;who was
+ever our ready friend, and merits the love and gratitude of all his
+countrymen&mdash;understood the circumstances of this unfortunate action,
+he ordered an expedition, with all possible haste, to pursue the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span>
+savages, which was so expeditiously effected, that we overtook them
+within two miles of their towns: and probably might have obtained a
+great victory, had not two of their number met us about two hundred
+poles before we came up. These returned quick as lightning to their
+camp, with the alarming news of a mighty army in view. The savages
+fled in the utmost disorder, evacuated their towns, and reluctantly
+left their territory to our mercy. We immediately took possession of
+Old Chilicothe without opposition, being deserted by its inhabitants.
+We continued our pursuit through five towns on the Miami rivers,
+Old Chilicothe, Pecaway, New Chilicothe, Will's Towns, and
+Chilicothe&mdash;burnt them all to ashes, entirely destroyed their corn,
+and other fruits, and everywhere spread a scene of desolation in the
+country. In this expedition we took seven prisoners and five scalps,
+with the loss of only four men, two of whom were accidentally killed
+by our own army.</p>
+
+<p>This campaign in some measure damped the spirits of the Indians, and
+made them sensible of our superiority. Their connexions were
+dissolved, their armies scattered, and a future invasion put entirely
+out of their power; yet they continued to practise mischief secretly
+upon the inhabitants, in the exposed parts of the country.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span>
+</p>
+
+<p>In October following, a party made an excursion into that district
+called the Crab Orchard; and one of them, being advanced some distance
+before the others, boldly entered the house of a poor defenceless
+family, in which was only a negro man, a woman, and her children,
+terrified with the apprehensions of immediate death. The savage,
+perceiving their defenceless situation, without offering violence to
+the family, attempted to capture the negro, who happily proved an
+overmatch for him, threw him on the ground, and, in the struggle, the
+mother of the children drew an axe from a corner of the cottage, and
+cut his head off, while her little daughter shut the door. The savages
+instantly appeared, and applied their tomahawks to the door. An old
+rusty gun-barrel, without a lock, lay in a corner, which the mother
+put through a small crevice, and the savages, perceiving it, fled. In
+the mean time, the alarm spread through the neighborhood; the armed
+men collected immediately, and pursued the ravagers into the
+wilderness. Thus Providence, by the means of this negro, saved the
+whole of the poor family from destruction. From that time until the
+happy return of peace between the United States and Great Britain, the
+Indians did us no mischief. Finding the great king beyond the water
+disappointed in his expectations, and conscious of the importance of
+the Long Knife, and their own wretchedness, some of the nations
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span>
+immediately desired peace; to which, at present [1784], they seem
+universally disposed, and are sending ambassadors to General Clarke,
+at the Falls of the Ohio, with the minutes of their councils.</p>
+
+<p>To conclude, I can now say that I have verified the saying of an old
+Indian who signed Colonel Henderson's deed. Taking me by the hand, at
+the delivery thereof&mdash;"Brother," said he, "we have given you a fine
+land, but I believe you will have much trouble in settling it." My
+footsteps have often been marked with blood, and therefore I can truly
+subscribe to its original name. Two darling sons and a brother have I
+lost by savage hands, which have also taken from me forty valuable
+horses, and abundance of cattle. Many dark and sleepless nights have I
+been a companion for owls, separated from the cheerful society of men,
+scorched by the summer's sun, and pinched by the winter's cold&mdash;an
+instrument ordained to settle the wilderness. But now the scene is
+changed: peace crowns the sylvan shade.</p>
+
+<p>What thanks, what ardent and ceaseless thanks are due to that
+all-superintending Providence which has turned a cruel war into peace,
+brought order out of confusion, made the fierce savages placid, and
+turned away their hostile weapons from our country! May the same
+Almighty Goodness banish the accursed monster, war, from all lands,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span>
+with her hated associates, rapine and insatiable ambition! Let peace,
+descending from her native heaven, bid her olives spring amid the
+joyful nations; and plenty, in league with commerce, scatter blessings
+from her copious hand!</p>
+
+<p>This account of my adventures will inform the reader of the most
+remarkable events of this country. I now live in peace and safety,
+enjoying the sweets of liberty, and the bounties of Providence, with
+my once fellow-sufferers, in this delightful country, which I have
+seen purchased with a vast expense of blood and treasure: delighting
+in the prospect of its being, in a short time, one of the most opulent
+and powerful states on the continent of North America; which, with the
+love and gratitude of my countrymen, I esteem a sufficient reward for
+all my toil and dangers.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;">DANIEL BOONE.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>Fayette County,</i>
+<span class="smcap">Kentucky</span>.</span>
+</p>
+
+<h3><br /><br /><br />THE END.<br />
+</h3>
+
+<p>
+<br />
+<b><i>Transcriber's Note:&nbsp;</i></b>In the contents list for Chapter II, 'Daniel Doone is
+rejoiced' was changed to 'Daniel Boone'. 'Boon' in the frontispiece
+illustration caption has however been retained.<br /> Variations in use of hyphens have
+been standardised within the text.<br /> Less usual spelling of words such as
+rackoon and periogues have been left as they appear in the original book.<br />
+The spelling of Colonel Calloway/Calaway has been left as it appears in
+the original.
+
+<br />
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Adventures of Daniel Boone: the
+Kentucky rifleman, by Uncle Philip
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Adventures of Daniel Boone: the
+Kentucky rifleman, by Uncle Philip
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Adventures of Daniel Boone: the Kentucky rifleman
+
+Author: Uncle Philip
+
+Release Date: December 7, 2008 [EBook #27431]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ADVENTURES OF DANIEL BOONE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Edwards, Jen Haines and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by Florida's Publication of Archival, Library & Museum
+Materials (PALMM))
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note:
+
+In the contents list for Chapter II, 'Daniel Doone is rejoiced' was
+changed to 'Daniel Boone'. 'Boon' in the frontispiece illustration
+caption has however been retained.
+
+Variations in use of hyphens have been standardised within the text.
+
+Less usual spelling of words such as rackoon and periogues have been
+left as they appear in the original book.
+
+The spelling of Colonel Calloway/Calaway has been left as it appears
+in the original.
+
+
+
+
+   THE
+   ADVENTURES
+   OF
+   DANIEL BOONE,
+   THE
+   KENTUCKY RIFLEMAN.
+
+
+   BY
+   THE AUTHOR OF "UNCLE PHILIP'S CONVERSATIONS."
+
+
+   "Too much crowded--too much crowded--I want more
+    elbow-room."--_Boone on his way to Missouri._
+
+
+   NEW YORK:
+   D. APPLETON & CO., 200 BROADWAY.
+   PHILADELPHIA:
+   GEORGE S. APPLETON, 164 CHESNUT ST.
+   MDCCCL.
+
+
+   Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1843,
+   By D. APPLETON & CO.,
+   in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States,
+   for the Southern District of New York.
+
+
+   TO
+   HIS YOUNG COUNTRYMEN
+   THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES,
+   AND ESPECIALLY
+   THE LADS OF KENTUCKY,
+   This Volume
+   IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED,
+   BY UNCLE PHILIP.
+
+
+   [Illustration: DANIEL BOON.
+   From the Basso Relievo in the Rotunda
+   of the Capitol at Washington]
+
+
+
+
+   CONTENTS.
+
+
+   CHAPTER I.
+                                                              Page.
+   Daniel Boone is born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania--His
+   father removes to the Schuylkill--Boone's early passion
+   for hunting--Kills a panther--Wanderings in the woods--Is
+   sent to school--The school is broken up--Boone returns to
+   his sports--His father removes to the Yadkin river in
+   North Carolina--While the farm is improving Daniel is
+   hunting--The neighborhood begins to be settled--Daniel is
+   dissatisfied--Settlement of Mr. Bryan--Daniel Boone goes
+   out upon a fire hunt--Strange adventure--Marries Rebecca
+   Bryan--Makes a home for himself on the head waters of the
+   Yadkin--Men begin to crowd upon him--determines to move      13
+
+   CHAPTER II.
+
+   Early visits to Kentucky--James McBride--Dr. Wacker and
+   others--John Finlay goes to Kentucky trading with the
+   Indians--Returns with glowing accounts of the
+   country--Visits Daniel Boone and spends the winter with
+   him--Boone is charmed with the stories--They determine in
+   the spring to go to Kentucky--Meeting at Boone's house in
+   May--With four companions they start for the
+   west--Adventures by the way--They reach Finlay's old
+   station on the Red river--Make their camp--Amuse
+   themselves in hunting and exploring the country--Beauty
+   of the country--Abundance of game--Boone and Stewart are
+   taken by the Indians--Make their escape--Return to their
+   camp--It is plundered and deserted--Arrival of Squire
+   Boone--Daniel Boone is rejoiced to hear from his family      26
+
+   CHAPTER III.
+
+   Hunting party--Stewart is killed by the Indians--narrow
+   escape of Daniel Boone--The companion of Squire Boone
+   returns home--The two brothers alone in the
+   wilderness--Cheerfulness of Daniel Boone--Squire returns
+   to the Yadkin for ammunition--Daniel lives in the forest
+   alone--His pleasant wanderings--Singular escape from the
+   Indians--Encounter with a bear--Looks for the return of
+   his brother--Disappointment--Is very sad--Squire suddenly
+   arrives with ammunition and horses--Plans for the
+   future--Daniel Boone chooses a spot on the Kentucky
+   river--They return for his family--Sport by the way--They
+   reach the Yadkin--Try to beat up recruits for
+   Kentucky--Ridicule of the people--They start with five
+   families--Forty men join them--Disaster by the way--They
+   return to Clinch river--Various employments of Boone--He
+   returns to Kentucky--Builds a fort--Removes his family to
+   Boonesborough                                                42
+
+   CHAPTER IV.
+
+   Comforts of Boonesborough--Arrival of Colonel Calaway and
+   his daughters--Capture of three girls by the
+   Indians--Boone and Calaway pursue--Are made
+   prisoners--Happy escape--New emigrants--County of
+   Kentucky--Indian warfare--Attacks upon Harrodsburgh and
+   Boonesborough--Expedition to the salt-licks on Licking
+   river--Courage of Boone--Overcomes two Indians--Is met by
+   a large Indian party--Made a prisoner--His long captivity
+   and escape                                                   59
+
+   CHAPTER V.
+
+   Indian customs noticed by Boone during his
+   captivity--Mode of hardening children--Changing
+   names--Marriages--Burials--War parties--Celebration of
+   victories--Torturing prisoners--Making treaties of peace     80
+
+   CHAPTER VI.
+
+   Boone's disappointment upon not finding his
+   wife--Strengthening of Boonesborough--Indian
+   hostilities--Attack of Boonesborough--gallant
+   defence--Boone returns to North Carolina--Occurrences
+   during his absence--Boone returns--Goes to the Blue Licks
+   for salt--Death of the younger Boone--Daniel Boone
+   escapes--Kentucky divided into three counties--Hard
+   winter of 1781--Indian hostilities--Attack on Bryant's
+   station--Villany of Simon Girty                              91
+
+   CHAPTER VII.
+
+   Disastrous defeat at the Blue Licks--General Clarke's
+   campaign--Efforts to restore peace--Sullenness of the
+   Indians--They continue their massacres--Stratagems on the
+   Ohio--Bold defence of Captain Hubbil--Halmar's
+   campaign--St. Clair's defeat--Debate in Congress--General
+   Wayne takes command--Defeats the Indians--Lays waste
+   their country--Concludes a treaty of peace with the
+   savages in August, 1795                                     109
+
+   CHAPTER VIII.
+
+   Happiness of the settlers--Boone roams through the
+   wilderness--Civilization sickens him--He loses his
+   lands--Moves to the Kanhawa--Disappointed in finding
+   game--Moves to Missouri--Purchase of Missouri from the
+   French--Anecdote related by Mr. Audubon--Boone loses his
+   wife--His sorrow--War with England--His old age--His
+   habits--He dies in 1818.                                    127
+
+   APPENDIX.
+
+   The adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone, formerly a
+   hunter; containing a narrative of the wars of Kentucky,
+   as given by himself.                                        143
+
+
+
+
+THE ADVENTURES OF DANIEL BOONE.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+
+Some men choose to live in crowded cities;--others are pleased with the
+peaceful quiet of a country farm; while some love to roam through wild
+forests, and make their homes in the wilderness. The man of whom I shall
+now speak, was one of this last class. Perhaps you never heard of DANIEL
+BOONE, the Kentucky rifleman. If not, then I have a strange and
+interesting story to tell you.
+
+If, when a child was born, we knew that he was to become a remarkable
+man, the time and place of his birth would, perhaps, be always
+remembered. But as this can not be known, great mistakes are often made
+on these points. As to the time when Daniel Boone was born, there is no
+difficulty; but people have fallen into many blunders about the place.
+Some have said that he was born in England, before his parents left that
+country; others that he came into this world during the passage of his
+parents across the Atlantic. One has told us that he was born in
+Virginia; another in Maryland; while many have stated that he was a
+native of North Carolina. These are all mistakes. Daniel Boone was born
+in the year 1746, in Bucks county, in the state of Pennsylvania.
+
+From some cause or other, when the boy was but three years old, his
+parents moved from this home, and settled upon the Schuylkill river, not
+far from the town of Reading. Here they lived for ten years; and it was
+during this time that their son Daniel began to show his passion for
+hunting. He was scarcely able to carry a gun, when he was shooting all
+the squirrels, rackoons, and even wild-cats (it is said), that he could
+find in that region. As he grew older, his courage increased, and then
+we find him amusing himself with higher game. Other lads in the
+neighborhood were soon taught by him the use of the rifle, and were then
+able to join him in his adventures. On one occasion, they all started
+out for a hunt, and after amusing themselves till it was almost dark,
+were returning homeward, when suddenly a wild cry was heard in the
+woods. The boys screamed out, "A panther! a panther!" and ran off as
+fast as they could. Boone stood firmly, looking around for the animal.
+It was a panther indeed. His eye lighted upon him just in the act of
+springing toward him: in an instant he levelled his rifle, and shot him
+through the heart.
+
+But this sort of sport was not enough for him. He seemed resolved to go
+away from men, and live in the forests with these animals. One morning
+he started off as usual, with his rifle and dog. Night came on, but
+Daniel did not return to his home. Another day and night passed away,
+and still the boy did not make his appearance. His parents were now
+greatly alarmed. The neighbors joined them in making search for the lad.
+After wandering about a great while, they at length saw smoke rising
+from a cabin in the distance. Upon reaching it, they found the boy. The
+floor of the cabin was covered with the skins of such animals as he had
+slain, and pieces of meat were roasting before the fire for his supper.
+Here, at a distance of three miles from any settlement, he had built his
+cabin of sods and branches, and sheltered himself in the wilderness.
+
+It was while his father was living on the head-waters of the Schuylkill,
+that young Boone received, so far as we know, all his education. Short
+indeed were his schoolboy days. It happened that an Irish schoolmaster
+strolled into the settlement, and, by the advice of Mr. Boone and other
+parents, opened a school in the neighborhood. It was not then as it is
+now. Good schoolhouses were not scattered over the land; nor were
+schoolmasters always able to teach their pupils. The schoolhouse where
+the boys of this settlement went was a log cabin, built in the midst of
+the woods. The schoolmaster was a strange man: sometimes good-humored,
+and then indulging the lads; sometimes surly and ill-natured, and then
+beating them severely. It was his usual custom, after hearing the first
+lessons of the morning, to allow the children to be out for a half hour
+at play, during which time he strolled off to refresh himself from his
+labors. He always walked in the same direction, and the boys thought
+that after his return, when they were called in, he was generally more
+cruel than ever. They were whipped more severely, and, oftentimes
+without any cause. They observed this, but did not know the meaning of
+it. One morning young Boone asked that he might go out, and had scarcely
+left the schoolroom, when he saw a squirrel running over the trunk of a
+fallen tree. True to his nature, he instantly gave chase, until at last
+the squirrel darted into a bower of vines and branches. Boone thrust his
+hand in, and, to his surprise, laid of hold of a bottle of whiskey. This
+was in the direction of his master's morning walks, and he thought now
+that he understood the secret of much of his ill-nature. He returned to
+the schoolroom; but when they were dismissed for that day, he told some
+of the larger boys of his discovery. Their plan was soon arranged. Early
+the next morning a bottle of whiskey, having tartar emetic in it, was
+placed in the bower, and the other bottle thrown away. At the usual
+hour, the lads were sent out to play, and the master started on his
+walk. But their play was to come afterward: they longed for the master
+to return. At length they were called in, and in a little time saw the
+success of their experiment. The master began to look pale and sick, yet
+still went on with his work. Several boys were called up, one after the
+other, to recite lessons, and all whipped soundly, whether right or
+wrong. At last young Boone was called out to answer questions in
+arithmetic. He came forward with his slate and pencil, and the master
+began: "If you subtract six from nine, what remains?" said he. "Three,
+sir," said Boone. "Very good," said the master; "now let us come to
+fractions. If you take three quarters from a whole number, what
+remains?"--"The whole, sir," answered Boone. "You blockhead!" cried the
+master, beating him, "you stupid little fool, how can you show
+that?"--"If I take one bottle of whiskey," said Boone, "and put in its
+place another in which I have mixed an emetic, the whole will remain, if
+nobody drinks it!" The Irishman, dreadfully sick, was now doubly
+enraged. He seized Boone, and commenced beating him: the children
+shouted and roared; the scuffle continued, until Boone knocked the
+master down upon the floor, and rushed out of the room. It was a day of
+freedom now for the lads. The story soon ran through the neighborhood;
+Boone was rebuked by his parents, but the schoolmaster was dismissed,
+and thus ended the boy's education.
+
+Thus freed from school, he now returned more ardently than ever to his
+favorite pursuit. His dog and rifle were his constant companions, and
+day after day he started from home, only to roam through the forests.
+Hunting seemed to be the only business of his life; and he was never so
+happy as when at night he came home laden with game. He was an untiring
+wanderer.
+
+I do not know but that this passion for roaming was in some degree
+inherited by Daniel Boone. His father had already had three homes: one
+in England, one in Bucks county, and another on the Schuylkill; and he
+now thought of removing further. It is said that the passion of Daniel
+for hunting was one cause which prompted his father to think of this.
+Land was becoming scarce, the neighborhood a little crowded, and game
+less abundant; and, to mend matters, he began to cast his eyes around
+for a new home. He was not long in choosing one. He had heard of a rich
+and beautiful country on the banks of the Yadkin river in North
+Carolina, and he determined that this should be the next resting-place
+for him and his household.
+
+All things were made ready as soon as possible, and the journey
+commenced. It was a fine spring morning when the father started for his
+new home, with his wife and children, his flocks and herds. Their
+journey lay hundreds of miles through a trackless wilderness; yet with
+cheerful and fearless hearts they pressed onward. When hungry, they
+feasted upon venison and wild turkeys (for Daniel, with his rifle, was
+in company); when thirsty, they found cool springs of water to refresh
+them by the way; when wearied at night, they laid themselves down and
+slept under the wide-spreading branches of the forest. At length they
+reached the land they looked for, and the father found it to be all that
+he expected. The woods in that region were unbroken; no man seemed yet
+to have found them. Land was soon cleared, a cabin built, and the father
+in a little time found himself once more happily settled with his
+family.
+
+The old man with his other sons went busily to the work of making a
+farm. As for Daniel, they knew it was idle to expect his help in such
+employment, and therefore left him to roam about with his rifle. This
+was a glorious country for the youth; wild woods were all around him,
+and the game, having not yet learned to fear the crack of the rifle
+wandered fearlessly through them. This he thought was, of all places,
+the home for him. I hope you will not think that he was the idle and
+useless boy of the family, for it was not so. While the farm was
+improving, Daniel was supplying the family with provisions. The table at
+home was always filled with game, and they had enough and to spare.
+Their house became known as a warm-hearted and hospitable abode; for the
+wayfaring wanderer, when lost in the woods, was sure to find here a
+welcome, a shelter, and an abundance. Then, too, if money was wanted in
+the family, the peltries of the animals shot by Daniel supplied it: so
+that he was, in a large degree, the supporter of the household. In this
+way years rolled onward--the farm still enlarging and improving, Daniel
+still hunting, and the home one of constant peace, happiness, and
+plenty.
+
+At length the story of the success and comfort of the family brought
+neighbors around them. Different parts of the forests began to be
+cleared; smoke was soon seen rising from new cabins; and the sharp crack
+of other rifles than Daniel's was sometimes heard in the morning. This
+grieved him sadly. Most people would have been pleased to find neighbors
+in the loneliness of the woods; but what pleased others did not please
+him. They were crowding upon him; they were driving away his game: this
+was his trouble. But, after all, there was one good farmer who came into
+the region and made his settlement; which settlement, as it turned out,
+proved a happy thing for Daniel. This was a very worthy man named Bryan.
+He cleared his land, built his cabin upon a sloping hill, not very far
+from Mr. Boone's, and before a great while, by dint of industry, had a
+good farm of more than a hundred acres. This farm was beautifully
+situated. A pretty stream of water almost encircled it. On the banks of
+the Schuylkill, Daniel Boone found all his education, such as it was; on
+the banks of the Yadkin he found something far better. I must tell you
+now of a very strange adventure.
+
+One evening, with another young friend, he started out upon what is
+called a "_fire-hunt_." Perhaps you do not know what this means. I will
+explain it to you. Two people are always necessary for a fire-hunt. One
+goes before, carrying a blazing torch of pitch-pine wood (or lightwood,
+as it is called in the southern country), while the other follows behind
+with his rifle. In this way the two hunters move through the forests.
+When an animal is startled, he will stand gazing at the light, and his
+eyes may be seen shining distinctly: this is called "_shining the
+eyes_." The hunter with the rifle, thus seeing him, while the other
+_shines_ him, levels his gun with steady aim, and has a fair shot. This
+mode of hunting is still practised in many parts of our country, and is
+everywhere known as a _fire-hunt_.
+
+Boone, with his companion, started out upon such a hunt, and very soon
+reached the woods skirting the lower end of Mr. Bryan's farm. It seems
+they were on horseback, Boone being behind with the rifle. They had not
+gone far, when his companion reined up his horse, and two eyes were seen
+distinctly shining. Boone levelled his rifle, but something prevented
+his firing. The animal darted off. Boone leaped from his horse, left his
+companion, and instantly dashed after it. It was too dark to see
+plainly, still he pursued; he was close upon its track, when a fence
+coming in the way, the animal leaped it with a clear bound. Boone
+climbed over as fast as he could with his rifle, but the game had got
+ahead. Nothing daunted by this, he pushed on, until he found himself at
+last not very far from Mr. Bryan's home. But the animal was gone. It was
+a strange chase. He determined to go into Mr Bryan's house, and tell his
+adventure. As he drew near, the dogs raised a loud barking, the master
+came out, bade him welcome, and carried him into the house. Mr. Bryan
+had scarcely introduced him to his family as "the son of his neighbor
+Boone," when suddenly the door of the room was burst open, and in rushed
+a little lad of seven, followed by a girl of sixteen years, crying out,
+"O father! father! sister is frightened to death! She went down to the
+river, and was chased by a panther!" The hunter and his game had met.
+There stood Boone, leaning upon his rifle, and Rebecca Bryan before him,
+gasping for breath. From that moment he continued to pursue it; Farmer
+Bryan's house became a favorite resort for him; he loved it as well as
+the woods. The business was now changed: Rebecca Bryan completely
+_shined his eyes_; and after a time, to the great joy of themselves and
+both families, Daniel Boone and Rebecca Bryan were married. It proved,
+as you will see, a very happy marriage to both parties.
+
+Being now a married man, it became Daniel Boone's duty to seek a new
+home for himself. In a little time, therefore, he left his wife, and
+wandered into the unsettled parts of North Carolina in search of one.
+After moving about for some time, he found, upon the head-waters of the
+Yadkin, a rich soil, covered with a heavy and once more unbroken forest.
+"Here," thought Daniel Boone, "is the resting-place for me; here Rebecca
+Bryan and myself may be happy: this shall be our home." He returned to
+his wife, and she, with a cheerful heart, joined in all his plans. With
+tears in her eyes, she bade farewell to her friends; yet, with a light
+spirit, she started off with her husband. A clearing in the woods was
+soon made, a log cabin of his own soon built, and a portion of ground
+planted. Boone seems now to have thought that he must do something more
+than use his rifle. He was to make a home for his wife and busied
+himself, accordingly, in enlarging his farm as fast as he could, and
+industriously cultivating it. Still, on his busiest day, he would find a
+leisure hour to saunter with his gun to the woods, and was sure never to
+return without game. His own table was loaded with it, as when at his
+father's, and his house, like his father's, soon became known as a warm
+and kind shelter for the wandering traveller. In this industrious and
+quiet way of farming and hunting, years were spent, and Daniel Boone was
+contented and happy. Several little children were now added to his
+group; and, with his wife, his children, and his rifle, for companions,
+he felt that all was well.
+
+But his peace was at length disturbed once more. His old troubles
+pursued him; men again began to come near. The crash of falling trees
+was heard, as the new settlers levelled the forests; huts were seen
+springing up all around him; other hunters were roaming through the
+woods, and other dogs than his were heard barking. This was more than he
+was willing to bear. Happy as he had made his home, he determined to
+leave it, and find another in the wilderness, where he could have that
+wilderness to himself. For some time he was at a loss to know where to
+go; yet his heart was fixed in the determination to move. The
+circumstances which pointed him to his new home, and where that new home
+was made, you may learn in the next chapter.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+My young friends all know where the state of Kentucky is situated. It is
+hardly necessary for me to say, that at the time of which I am writing,
+that region was an unbroken wilderness.
+
+It was in the year 1754 that a white man first visited the country of
+Kentucky. This was James M'Bride. In company with several others during
+that year, he was passing down the Ohio, when he discovered the mouth of
+Kentucky river, and made a landing. Near the spot where he landed, he cut
+upon a tree the first letters of his name; and these letters, it is said,
+could be seen and distinctly read for many years afterward. With his
+companions, he wandered through the wilderness; the country struck them
+all as being remarkably beautiful. It is not wonderful, then, that when
+they returned home, they were filled with fine stories about the new
+region. They declared that it was "the best tract of land in North
+America, and probably in the world."
+
+In spite of their pleasant stories, however, it was a long time before
+any one was disposed to follow in their track. At length, Doctor Walker,
+of Virginia, with a number of friends, started upon a western tour of
+discovery. Some say that he was in search of the Ohio river particularly;
+others that he went merely to collect strange plants and flowers. Be this
+as it may, he with his party wandered through Powell's Valley, and passed
+the mountains at what is called the Cumberland Gap. They then crossed the
+Cumberland river, and roaming on through the forests, at length, after
+much fatigue and suffering, reached the Big Sandy. The country was
+beautiful, yet they were too much worn out to go further, and from this
+point began to return homeward. They had suffered more than M'Bride, and
+therefore their story was not so bright as his; yet they gave a very
+pleasant account of the new country.
+
+No one yet, however, seemed ready to make his home in Kentucky; and
+accident at last seems to have thrown one man into that country, whose
+story, upon his return, made some anxious to go there. This was John
+Finley, a backwoodsman of North Carolina. He was in the habit of roving
+about and trading with the Indians. In the year 1767, he, with certain
+companions as fearless as himself, led on from place to place by the
+course of trade, wandered far into Kentucky. Here he remained for some
+time. It was a very beautiful, yet, as he learned also, a very dangerous
+country. No Indian tribe lived there, but all the tribes roamed over it
+as a hunting-ground. Upon these hunts, the fierce and warlike people
+would often meet and wage their bloody battles. These fights were so
+frequent and so awful, that the region was known by the name of the "Dark
+and Bloody Ground." In spite of danger, Finley lived there, until at last
+the traders and the Indians began to quarrel, and, for safety's sake, he
+was forced to run off. He returned to North Carolina, filled with
+wonderful stories. Sights like those on the "Dark and Bloody Ground,"
+were nowhere to be seen. The land was rich, and covered with trees and
+flowers; there were lofty mountains, beautiful valleys, and clear
+streams, throughout it. Then he spoke of the strange caves in the
+mountains; of curious salt springs; of the footprints of men to be seen
+distinctly upon the solid rocks; of the strange figures of huge animals
+on the sides of the high cliffs. Game of all sorts was abundant, from the
+buffalo down to the partridge. There was no country (he declared) like
+_Kain-tuck-kee_.[1] His tale was so wonderful, that people could not
+well help listening to it.
+
+   [1] This was the Indian name for the country.
+
+Whether John Finley was led there by a knowledge of the man's character,
+or whether it was an accident, it so happened, that about a year after
+his return, he wandered into the neighborhood of Daniel Boone's home. It
+was not long before he fell in with Boone, and completely charmed him
+with his stories. Boone had known some sport in the forests himself, but
+the adventures of Finley were to him marvellous. He was so much pleased
+with the man, that he invited him, as it was now winter, to come to his
+house, and make his home there through the season. The invitation was
+gladly accepted; and in the cabin of Boone, again and again was the wild
+beauty of the "Dark and Bloody Ground" laid before him. There was no end
+to Finley's stories of this region. The wind whistled without, but the
+fire blazed cheerfully within; and here they sat, on many a night, almost
+till dawn, Finley talking, and Boone listening. The end of all this was,
+that they determined, when spring opened, to go to Kentucky. Boone knew
+that there were hardships and perils in the way, and Finley had
+practically felt them; but what were dangers or difficulties to these
+fearless men? The first of May was agreed upon as the day for starting,
+and Finley was then again to meet Boone at his house.
+
+It is not strange that other bold men, who heard Finley's stories, were
+seized with the same desire for going west. Indeed, Boone helped to give
+them that desire, knowing that a few brave spirits would be of great
+service in the new country. He talked, therefore, warmly of the comforts
+of a new home in the forest, where there was an abundance of game, and a
+complete absence of towns and villages. Accordingly, on the first of May,
+1769, when Finley repaired to Boone's house, he found four others ready
+for the adventure: these were John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James Monay,
+and William Cool. The people in the neighborhood, learning what was going
+on, had likewise gathered to look with surprise upon these six men. What
+could prompt men to leave the comforts of their quiet homes, and wander
+off into the wilderness? They surely were crazy. Boone was much beloved
+as a kind neighbor, and they mourned most over his madness. Nothing
+daunted by all this, they were then ready for a start, and were now on
+the point of leaving. We are told that, with tears in his eyes, Daniel
+Boone kissed his wife and children; and if the story be true, I love him
+the more for it. His spirit was beating for his new hunting-forests; he
+could face all the dangers of the "Dark and Bloody Ground," but then it
+was doubtful whether he was not parting with his wife and children for
+ever. At all events, he was leaving them for months, perhaps for
+years--he knew not how long--and who can wonder that tears stood in his
+eyes? Each man shouldered his rifle, shot-bag, powder-horn, and knapsack,
+and off they started--every neighbor straining his eyes after them as far
+as he could see, as the men upon whom he was looking for the last time.
+
+For two or three days they saw nothing new, for they were passing over
+their old hunting-grounds. After this, they came to a wild and trackless
+region, and saw from time to time the lofty ridge of mountains which
+separated them from the western country. In two days more, the provisions
+with which they had started gave out, and the first thing to be done was
+to find a fresh supply. Accordingly they halted, chose a suitable spot
+for their camp, and part of them commenced building it of logs and
+branches; the others went into the woods in search of game. It was
+impossible for such men to starve in such a region; game was abundant.
+The hunters returned toward night, with several deer and wild turkeys.
+The camp was finished, a bright fire was burning, and in a little time
+the venison was dressed, cooked, and eaten. The supper was scarcely
+finished, when they saw dark clouds gathering, and presently they were
+visited by a tremendous thunder-storm. The sharp lightning flashed
+through the woods, and the rain poured down in torrents; yet, in their
+camp they fearlessly sheltered themselves, the branches covering them
+from the rain. A man can scarcely be placed during a thunder-storm in a
+more dangerous place than a forest: every tree is a mark for the
+lightning; yet these men were calm and self-possessed, and were
+mercifully protected.
+
+The storm having passed over, they made their arrangements for the night.
+For safety's sake, two men were to keep a constant watch, while the
+others slept; and in this duty of watching, they were to take turns.
+About midnight, while Boone and Holden were keeping the watch, a sharp
+shrill cry was heard in the woods. They sprang to their feet. "What noise
+is that?" said Holden. The sound was familiar to Boone. "Be still," said
+he; "it is only a panther; come along with me." Moving cautiously from
+the camp, they listened again for the cry. Once more they heard it.
+Creeping through the woods in the direction of the sound, they at length
+saw through the darkness the wild, glaring eyes of the animal. Boone
+levelled his rifle with steady aim, and fired. With a wild yell the
+panther fell to the ground, and began to retreat. Both were satisfied
+that the ball had struck him, and returned again to the camp. The crack
+of the rifle had waked their companions; the adventure was made known to
+them, and they went quietly to sleep again, satisfied that for the rest
+of the night at least that panther would not disturb them.
+
+The next day was a very busy one. Finding game so plenty in the
+neighborhood, they determined to lay in a good supply. Part of them were
+therefore out in the woods, hunting, while the rest were in the camp,
+smoking, drying, and packing the venison for the journey. Fatigued with
+these labors, when night came they gladly laid themselves down, and, like
+wearied men, slept soundly.
+
+By the first ray of the morning's light the camp was stirring.
+Shouldering their rifles and knapsacks, they started on their way. In a
+little time they found a dead panther. Boone declared that this was his
+panther; the animal was killed with one ball, and by comparing that ball
+with those in his shot-bag, he found they were of the same size. In two
+or three days they reached the foot of the mountains, and began to
+ascend. Their journey was now rough and wearisome, and they made slow
+progress. To any men but these, the mountains might have proved
+impassable; but they were bent upon finding the new hunting-grounds of
+Kentucky, and nothing could keep them back. After climbing the hills day
+after day, they found once more that their provisions were gone, and were
+again forced to halt. Their camp was built on the side of the mountain,
+and their rifles easily supplied their wants. The journey was rigorously
+renewed, and after many days of further struggling, they at length found
+themselves on one of the tops of the Allegany ridge. Here they were,
+upon Cumberland mountain. At this place they halted once more, to look
+down upon the magnificent prospect which was spread out before them. This
+was their first view of the new region, and they felt that it was all
+that Finley had described it to be. It was indeed a glorious country. The
+land was covered with trees and flowers; there were the rolling hills,
+and the beautiful valleys, and the clear sparkling streams, of which he
+had spoken.
+
+The prospect was too beautiful to allow them to tarry long: they panted
+to be in that country. With more earnest desires than ever, they
+commenced descending the mountains. This part of the journey was
+comparatively easy. In a few days now they reached the western base of
+the hills, and entered a lovely plain. Here, for the first time, the new
+hunters saw the finest of western game--a herd of buffaloes. From the
+skirt of the wood at the end of the plain, a countless troop of these
+animals came rushing over it. The men were delighted; they had heard of
+these noble beasts of the forest, but none of them, except Finley, had
+ever seen one. As the mass came tramping toward them, they stood gazing
+in astonishment. Finley, who knew that men were sometimes trampled to
+death by these moving troops, kept his eye steadily upon the herd until
+the foremost was within rifle-shot; he then levelled his gun, and the
+leader fell dead. With a wild bellow the herd parted on each side of the
+fallen animal, and went scampering through the plain. There seemed no end
+to the number, as they still came rushing from the wood. The mass
+appeared closing again in a solid body, when he seized Holden's rifle,
+and shot another. Now they were completely routed; branching off on the
+two sides of the plain, they went bellowing and tearing past them. "An
+amazing country, this!" cried Boone; "who ever beheld such an abundance?"
+The camp was once more soon built, a blazing fire made, and, for the
+first time in their lives, five of these men sat down to a supper of
+buffalo-meat. They talked of their new country, the quantity of game, and
+how joyously they would roam through the huge forests, until the night
+had worn far away.
+
+The next morning, after breakfast, they packed up such portions of the
+animals as they could readily carry, and resumed their march. In a little
+time they reached Red river. Here Finley began to feel more at home, for
+on this river he had lived. Following the course of the stream, ere long
+they came to the place which had been his trading-post with the Indians.
+They had been more than a month reaching this point, and, naturally
+enough, were wearied. Finley, too, could no longer guide them; and here,
+for the present, they determined to halt again. It was now the seventh
+day of June.
+
+As this was to be their headquarters for some time, they built at once a
+substantial log cabin. They were now fairly in the wilds of Kentucky; and
+remembering that the whole region was the fighting-ground of the
+wandering Indians, the cabin was built not only to protect them from the
+weather, but to answer as a sort of fort against the savages. This
+shelter being provided, their whole time now was given to hunting and
+exploring the country. Hunting was a pastime indeed, the game was so
+abundant. They could look out upon herds of buffaloes scattered through
+the canebrakes, browsing upon the leaves of the cane, or cropping the
+tall grass; the deer bounded fearlessly by the very door of their hut,
+and wild turkeys were to be found everywhere. Everything was in a state
+of nature; the animals had not yet learned to be afraid of man. Of
+course, they did not suffer with hunger: provisions of the finest kind
+were ever in their cabin. But the buffaloes provided them with more than
+food. From time to time, as they needed moccasins for their feet, his
+skin supplied them; and when at night they felt the dampness of the
+weather, his hide was the blanket in which they wrapped themselves and
+slept soundly.
+
+The country, as they wandered through it, struck them as beautiful
+indeed. There were the lofty trees of the forest, with no undergrowth
+except the cane, the grass, and the flowers. They seemed to have been
+planted by the hand of man at regular distances. Clear streams were seen
+winding through lovely meadows, surrounded by the gently-sloping hills;
+and the fearless buffalo and deer were their companions every hour. In
+their wanderings they came several times to hard and well-tramped roads.
+It was by following these that they discovered many of the salt springs
+or licks where salt is made even now. The roads to these were worn thus
+hard by the buffaloes and other animals that were in the habit of
+visiting the springs.
+
+The place of Finley's old trading-post, where their cabin now stood,
+seems to have been chosen by him not only as a central point for trade:
+it was on the side of a finely-sloping hill, and commanded a good view of
+the country below. The situation was beautiful. Perhaps he chose it when
+he was a lonely white man in the wilderness, because thence he might
+readily see the approach of Indians, and make his escape, or perhaps it
+was the very beauty of the spot that charmed him. He had a love for the
+beautiful. One day, he and Boone were standing by the door of the cabin.
+The wind was sighing in the tops of the forest, and while they were
+listening to the music, they were looking out upon the beautiful region
+below; the grass was green, and the bright flowers turned up their
+leaves to the sun. "Glorious country!" cried Finley; "this wilderness
+does indeed blossom like the rose."--"Yes," replied Boone, "and who would
+live amid the barren pine-hills of North Carolina, to hear the screaming
+of the jay, and now and then shoot a deer too lean to be eaten? This is
+the land for hunters. Here man and beast may grow to their full size."
+
+In this way, for more than six months, these men fearlessly hunted and
+roamed through the woods. Contrary to their expectations, through the
+whole summer they saw no Indians, nor did they meet with any remarkable
+adventure. The precaution of a nightly watch was adopted, but they met
+with no disturbance from man or beast. They had glorious sport by day,
+and slept quietly at night. After this, as you will see, they began to
+meet difficulties.
+
+On the 22d of December, Boone and Stewart started off, as they had often
+done before, upon an exploring tour. After wandering several miles, they
+pressed their way through a piece of thick woods, and came out upon a
+boundless open forest. Here they found quantities of persimmon-trees,
+loaded with ripe fruit, while clusters of wild grapes covered the vines
+that were hanging from the lofty branches. Flowers were still in bloom,
+and scented the air; herds of animals might be seen through the forest
+in every direction: add to this that the day was beautiful, and you will
+not be surprised to learn that they continued to wander--indeed, that
+they wandered much further than they supposed. It was nearly dark when
+they reached the Kentucky river, and stood looking upon its rippling
+waters. Perceiving a hill close by, they climbed it, that they might take
+a better view of the course of the stream. They were now descending, on
+their way homeward, when suddenly they heard an Indian yell, and out
+rushed from the canebrake a party of savages. They had no time for
+resistance--indeed, time was nothing; they were overpowered by numbers.
+The savages seized them, took away their rifles and ammunition, bound
+them, and marched them off to their camp. The next morning they started
+off with their prisoners, the poor fellows not knowing where they were
+going, or what was to be done to them. They did not know one word of
+their language, and could therefore learn nothing: this much, however,
+they very well understood--that it would not do to show any signs of fear
+to the Indians; and therefore they went on cheerfully. In a little time
+they became better acquainted with their captors, and judged, from
+certain signs, that the Indians themselves had not determined what was to
+be done. Part seemed to be for sparing them, part for killing; still
+their cheerfulness was the same. This apparent fearlessness deceived the
+Indians; they supposed the prisoners were well pleased with their
+condition, and did not watch them closely. On the seventh night of their
+march, the savages, as usual, made their camp, and all laid down to
+sleep. About midnight, Boone touched Stewart, and waked him: now or never
+was their time. They rose, groped their way to the rifles, and stole from
+the camp. They hardly dared to look behind them; every sound startled
+them, even the snapping of the twigs under their feet. Fortunately, it
+was dark, even if the Indians pursued. They wandered all that night and
+the whole of the next day, when at last, without meeting a man, they
+reached their own camp. But what was their surprise on finding the camp
+plundered, and not one of their companions to be seen? What had become of
+them? Perhaps they were prisoners; possibly they were murdered; or it
+might be that they had started back for North Carolina. They were safe,
+but where were their comrades? Wearied in body, and tormented with fears
+for their friends, they commenced preparing for the night. A sound was
+now heard. They seized their rifles, and stood ready, expecting the
+Indians. Two men were seen indistinctly approaching. "Who comes there?"
+cried Boone. "White men and friends," was the answer. Boone knew the
+voice. In an instant more, his brother Squire Boone, with another man,
+entered the cabin. These two men had set out from Carolina for the
+purpose of reaching them, and had for days been wandering in search of
+their camp. It was a joyous meeting--the more joyous, because unexpected.
+Big tears were again in Daniel Boone's eyes when he heard, from his
+brother, that his wife and children were well.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+When Squire Boone had told his brother all the news of home, it became
+his turn to be a listener, while Daniel talked to him of all that
+happened since they parted. After telling him of the beautiful country,
+and their happy freedom as they wandered through it for six months, then
+came the story of his captivity and escape. That escape was but just now
+made, and with a full heart he dwelt upon this part of his story. It
+would not have been strange if Squire had now felt alarmed; but his
+disposition was much like his brother's: he loved the woods, and was
+afraid of nothing.
+
+In a little time, the four were once more hunting freely through the
+forests. Signs of Indians were to be seen around, however; possibly they
+were the very Indians who had captured them. In their wanderings,
+therefore, they kept together usually, for self-protection. One day, they
+started out upon a buffalo-hunt. As they came upon a herd of these
+animals, Stewart lodged his ball in one of them, without bringing him
+down. The buffalo went tearing through the forest; and Daniel Boone, with
+Stewart, forgetful of everything else, went chasing after him. Naturally
+enough, like excited men, they had no idea how far they had travelled,
+until their very weariness reminded them that it was time to turn back.
+Tired as he was, a harder race was now before Boone. They had scarcely
+started on their return, when a party of Indians rushed from the
+canebrake, and let fly their arrows. Stewart fell dead on the spot. Boone
+would have fired his rifle, but he felt it was useless: he could kill but
+one man; his only chance of escape was in flight. With Indian yells and
+arrows close behind him, he leaped forward, and, by tremendous exertions,
+at last distanced his pursuers. When he reached the camp, he fell,
+completely exhausted.
+
+The party, now cut down to three, was in a little time reduced to two.
+From some cause or other, they could not tell what--possibly the sad
+story of Stewart's death, and the fear of like troubles--the companion
+who had come out with Squire Boone determined upon returning to North
+Carolina. Very soon, therefore, he left them alone in the wilderness.[2]
+
+   [2] It is said by some that this man did not thus leave
+   them. Their story is, that the three started out upon a
+   hunt; that this man was separated from the Boones, and
+   became entangled in a swamp. The Boones searched for him,
+   but could not find him. Afterward, they found fragments
+   of his clothes, which convinced them that the poor man
+   had been torn to pieces by wolves.
+
+   Daniel Boone, however, tells a different story. He says
+   that the man left them, "and returned home by himself;"
+   and I have preferred his statement to any other.
+
+It is not strange that, being thus deserted, Squire Boone felt restless
+and dissatisfied; the wonder is, that Daniel was not dissatisfied
+likewise. But he was happy and contented, and often struggled to call up
+the same feelings in his brother. "You see," he would often say, "how
+little nature requires, to be satisfied. Happiness, the companion of
+content, is rather found in our own breasts than in the enjoyment of
+external things. I firmly believe it requires but a little philosophy to
+make a man happy in whatsoever state he is. This consists in a full
+resignation to the will of Providence; and a resigned soul finds pleasure
+in a path strewed with briars and thorns." This was good counsel, my
+young friends, and I hope you will bear it with you through life. It will
+serve to comfort you as much as it did Squire Boone.
+
+To be idle, was to allow time for this melancholy, and Daniel Boone kept
+his brother constantly busy. The Indians, they were certain, knew where
+their present camp was, and therefore they resolved to make another.
+After choosing their spot, they employed themselves industriously in
+erecting another cabin, which might serve to shelter them through the
+coming winter. This being finished, they went to their old sport,
+wandering through the woods, admiring the country, and bringing down now
+and then a buffalo or a deer with their rifles. At night, they would
+return to their camp, raise a fire, cook their supper, and sit till long
+after midnight, talking of their old home on the Yadkin. Squire forgot
+his loneliness, and became quite satisfied. In this way time rolled off
+until the winter had passed away, and spring appeared. Strangely enough,
+they had been undisturbed; they had met not even with one Indian.
+
+They had learned in the wilderness to dispense well nigh with all
+comforts; food and sleep were all they expected. But their powder and
+shot were now beginning to run low, and without these they could not long
+procure food. It was necessary, therefore, to make some arrangement
+whereby they might obtain a fresh supply. Their plan was soon settled:
+Squire Boone was to go back to North Carolina, and return with
+ammunition. They supposed horses would be valuable, also, and he was
+likewise to bring with him two of these. Perilous as the plan was, Squire
+agreed to bear his part in it, and Daniel as cheerfully consented to his.
+Accordingly, on the first day of May, Squire set off for the Yadkin;
+and, as if nothing was to be wanting to leave Daniel in perfect
+loneliness, their only dog followed Squire as he started.
+
+Here, then, Daniel Boone was left entirely alone. Here he was a sort of
+Robinson Crusoe in the wilderness--with this difference, that Robinson
+was shipwrecked, and had no choice; while Boone chose the wilderness as
+his home. He was now completely the "man of the woods"--far away,
+hundreds of miles from any white settlement. For the first time in his
+life, according to his own confession, he felt lonely. His mind was
+filled with the remembrance of his wife and children, and the thought
+that he should never see them again. He knew, however, that sad thoughts,
+when indulged in, will grow very rapidly, and therefore dismissed them.
+
+For safety's sake now, he changed his camp every night, that he might
+avoid the Indians. Sometimes he slept in the canebrake; sometimes he laid
+himself by the side of a stream; sometimes in the caves of the rocks. By
+day he was surrounded by his old companions the buffaloes and deer, and
+at night was not unfrequently disturbed by the howling of the wolves. He
+roamed over many a beautiful tract of country. Now he would ascend a
+hill, and look down upon the scene spread like a map before him; now he
+would trace some stream to its source, or, following the well-tramped
+roads of the buffaloes, would find some spring bubbling in the forest. In
+this way he moved over a large part of the country. At one time, he
+struck the Ohio river, and wandered for days on the banks of that noble
+stream. It is said, that in his rambles, he one day stood upon the spot
+where the city of Louisville now stands. He learned to love the woods
+more than ever. Long after this, he used to declare, that "no crowded
+city, with all its commerce and noble buildings, could give him as much
+pleasure as the beauty of Kentucky at that time afforded him."
+
+Fortunately, he met no Indians. At one time he came in sight of a roving
+party, but managed to escape from them. The mode in which he escaped will
+show you his perfect self-possession. He had stopped one day to rest
+under the shade of a tree, when suddenly he spied the party in the
+distance. This was enough for him. He immediately commenced his course
+through the forest, hoping that they had not seen him, and therefore
+would not pursue. From time to time he would look back through the woods;
+and at length became convinced, to his sorrow, that if they had not seen
+him, they had marked his tracks, and were now on his trail. He pushed on
+for more than two miles, trying in various ways to break the trail, and
+thus put them out; still, as he looked back, he could see that they were
+following him He was puzzled to know what to do. A happy thought now
+struck him. He had just passed the brow of a small hill; the heavy
+grape-vines were hanging from the trees all around him. He seized one of
+these, and, bracing himself against the tree with his feet, threw himself
+as far as he could. This broke the trail, and he now kept directly on
+from the spot where he landed, in a different direction. The Indians came
+up, tracking him as far as the tree: were then lost, and gave up the
+chase.
+
+Another adventure is told of him during his lonely wanderings, more
+perilous even than this. One day he heard a strange noise in the woods;
+he could see nothing, but stood ready with his rifle. Presently an
+immense she-bear was seen approaching him. Surrounded by her young cubs,
+she was doubly fierce. As she came near, Boone levelled his rifle and
+fired. Unfortunately, his steady eye failed this time; the ball did not
+strike as he had aimed, and the animal pressed forward, the more enraged.
+It was impossible to load again: the bear was upon him; he had only time
+to draw his hunting-knife from his belt. The bear laid her paws on him,
+and drew him toward her. The rifle in his left hand was a sort of guard,
+while with his right he pointed the knife directly for the heart of the
+animal. As she grasped him, the knife entered her body, and she fell
+dead.
+
+As the time drew near for the return (as he thought) of his brother,
+Boone went back to the old camp where they had lodged together, to meet
+him. Here day after day he kept his lookout--day after day he was
+disappointed. He began now to be very sad. He did not doubt his brother's
+fidelity; he knew he would not desert him; but there were many dangers by
+the way, and perhaps he had perished. Then he thought, too, of his wife
+and little ones. If that brother had perished, he likewise must die
+without seeing them. Without ammunition to procure food, or defend
+himself, what could he do? He must die, there in the wilderness. His
+brother had been absent now nearly three months: surely it was time for
+his return. Another day of disappointment was now drawing to a close, as
+Boone sat, sick at heart, by the door of his cabin. A sound broke on his
+ear; he rose and stood listening, with his hand on the lock of his rifle.
+It was the tread of horses. The next moment he saw his brother through
+the forest leading two horses heavily laden. Here was abundance of
+ammunition and other comfort. The evening of the 27th of July was long
+after this remembered by Daniel Boone as one of the most joyous of his
+life.
+
+A fire was soon made, their supper cooked, and long after midnight they
+sat talking. Thousands of questions were asked and answered, until,
+wearied out, at last they lay down to sleep. The sun was high in the
+heavens when they waked in the morning.
+
+After breakfast, Daniel Boone proposed a new plan to his brother. Much as
+he loved the woods, he felt that two men could hardly be safe in the
+neighborhood of so many Indians. Moreover he longed to see his family:
+the stories of Squire had called up fresh recollections in his heart. The
+plan therefore was, to select a suitable spot for their home, then return
+to Carolina and bring out his family. Squire readily assented to this;
+and now they employed themselves for several days in hunting and laying
+in a supply of provisions. This being done, they went to the Cumberland
+river, and wandered for some time along the stream without finding a
+place to please them. Roaming about now, they found many new streams, to
+which, as the first discoverers, they gave names. Anxious as they were to
+return to the Yadkin, they were in no such hurry as to neglect making a
+full survey. The whole winter passed away before they pleased themselves.
+At length they came upon the Kentucky river. Here the lands delighted
+them. On the banks of this stream they determined to make their
+settlement, and now (March, 1771) turned their faces homeward. As he left
+the chosen spot, Boone says that "he felt it was a second paradise, and
+was resolved, at the risk of his life and fortune, that his family
+should have a home there."
+
+As they journeyed eastward from the Kentucky river, they occasionally
+blazed their pathway (as huntsmen say) that they might find their way
+back. It was necessary thus to leave some track through the forest
+wilderness, that they might again reach their chosen spot.[3] Fortunately
+they met with no Indians.
+
+   [3] This mode of marking their track is often practised
+   by hunters in the woods. As they pass through the forest,
+   they mark the trees by cutting off a small piece of the
+   bark. This enables them again to find the same pathway,
+   and is commonly called "blazing the track."
+
+We hear of but one adventure on their way homeward. After travelling
+quietly several days, they were one morning startled by a noise.
+Presently a herd of buffaloes came rushing and tearing through the
+forest; they seemed frantic. The cause of all this was soon seen. A
+panther, seated upon the back of one of the buffaloes, had plunged his
+claws and teeth into him. The blood was streaming down his sides, and the
+poor animal, struggling to shake him off, rushed into the midst of the
+herd. This frightened the rest, and they went bellowing and dashing
+through the woods. Daniel Boone raised his rifle, and sent a ball through
+the panther. He fell dead. Not far off they met a pack of wolves,
+following as usual in the track of the buffaloes. For the fun of seeing
+them scatter, Squire now fired his rifle, and away they went, scampering
+in all directions.
+
+In due time they came to the mountains. After trying to ascend in various
+places, at length they found a narrow and rugged gap, through which with
+great difficulty they made their way. It was, however, the best pass they
+could discover, and they blazed their track, that they might find it
+again. In a little time now, Daniel Boone was again in his cabin on the
+banks of the Yadkin. I need hardly say there was a joyous meeting; he was
+once more happy in the bosom of his family. He had been absent nearly two
+years.
+
+Amid the joys of home, however, he did not forget his chosen spot in
+Kentucky; his heart was filled with the thought that his happy home might
+be happier there. As this was to be his final move, it was necessary to
+settle all his business on the Yadkin; and as he had tried the
+wilderness, he felt that a few trusty companions would be invaluable in
+that new region. He commenced, therefore, making what he thought proper
+preparations for a return. To beat up such neighbors as they desired, he
+and Squire gave glowing accounts of the new country; the rich lands, the
+forests, the streams, the flowers, and the game, were all talked of. They
+saw only, and consequently spoke only, of the bright side of the
+picture. But there were numbers of people to talk of difficulties; these
+spoke of the folly of the Boones, in thinking of making such a country
+their home, and the madness of any man who should think of following
+them; the country was wild, and all who settled there must suffer many
+privations: then, too (according to their story), it was afflicted with
+terrible diseases, and they might all expect to die there, or, if they
+escaped the climate, they must fall into the hands of the fierce and
+cruel Indians who roamed through those forests; the place they declared
+was so dangerous that it was known, wherever it was known, as "the dark
+and bloody ground." With these sad stories floating about continually, it
+is not wonderful that the Boones found difficulty in beating up
+companions, and that more than two years passed away before they were
+ready for a start. At the end of that time they found that, while many
+were opposed to them, and others wavering as to what they would do, there
+were some, prompted by a spirit of bold adventure, ready to join them.
+Five families were willing to go with them to Kentucky.
+
+Daniel Boone now sold his farm, and all things being made ready, on the
+25th of September, 1773, the little company bade farewell to their
+friends and started for the west, driving before them their flocks and
+their herds. In their route, not a great way from the Yadkin, was the
+settlement of Powel's valley. The story of their plan had spread through
+the neighborhood, and when they reached this spot they were delighted to
+find that the people were not so timid as those on the Yadkin: forty men
+here joined the party. Now they travelled on in high spirits; the whole
+body, old and young, numbering between seventy and eighty souls.
+
+In a little time they came to the mountains, and found the pathway blazed
+by the Boones. In less than a fortnight they passed the first ridge of
+the Alleganies, known as "Powel's range," and were now quietly descending
+the second, known as "Walden's range," when sorrow overtook them. They
+were in a dark and narrow gap, when the wild yell of Indians broke upon
+their ears. The savages rushed into the gap behind them, and let fly
+their arrows. Six of the party fell dead, a seventh was wounded. The men
+rallied around the women and children; the first discharge of their
+rifles scattered the savages. But the mischief was done; the sudden
+attack of the Indians was like a flash of lightning; they were seen only
+for an instant; yet, like the lightning, they had done their work: there
+were the dead, and alas! among them was the oldest son of Daniel Boone.
+
+The party, a little time before so happy, was now in deep sorrow. What
+was to be done? The Indians had not only killed their companions, but
+their flocks and herds had all fled in fright, and could not be again
+gathered together. In dismay, the greater part were for retreating
+instantly to the nearest white settlement; this was upon the Clinch
+river, forty miles behind them. The Boones begged them to keep on their
+way--not to think of turning back; but it was all to no purpose; most of
+them insisted on retreating, and they at length yielded to the general
+desire. Accordingly, the dead were decently buried, and in great sadness
+they all traced their way back to Clinch river.
+
+Here Daniel Boone remained with his family eight months. At the end of
+that time he was requested by Governor Dunmore, of Virginia, to go to the
+falls of the Ohio, to serve as a guide to a party of surveyors who had
+been sent there some months before. The western country was now beginning
+to attract attention, and the Indians were becoming very hostile to the
+whites. Accordingly, on the 6th of June, 1774, he started (with one man,
+Michael Stoner), and without any accident reached the point at which he
+aimed--the spot where Louisville now stands. The service for the
+surveyors was promptly performed, and they were enabled to complete their
+work, while Boone was at liberty to return to his family. It is
+remarkable that he made this journey on foot, a distance of eight hundred
+miles, through a trackless wilderness, in the short period of sixty-two
+days.
+
+He was not allowed to remain quiet long; soon after his return, the
+Indians northwest of the Ohio, especially the Shawanese, made open war
+upon the whites. Governor Dunmore felt bound to protect his countrymen,
+and, among other acts for their defence, sent Daniel Boone, with the
+title of captain, to take command of three garrisons. This service was
+likewise well performed; matters were soon more quiet, the soldiers were
+discharged, and Boone was relieved from his post.
+
+He had not been a wanderer in the woods in vain; his fame had gone
+abroad, and his services were in the following spring sought again. A
+company of gentlemen in North Carolina--the principal man of whom was
+Colonel Richard Henderson--were attempting to purchase the lands on the
+south side of the Kentucky river, from the Cherokee Indians.[4] They had
+agreed to hold a treaty with the Indians, at Wataga, in March, 1775, to
+settle the boundaries of their intended purchase, and they now desired
+Boone to attend that treaty, and manage their business. In compliance
+with their wish, he went to Wataga, and performed their service so well,
+that they gave him further employment. He was now requested to mark out a
+road from their settlement, through the wilderness, to Kentucky river.
+This was a work of great labor. It was necessary to make many surveys to
+find the best route, and when the best was found, it was, much of it,
+over mountains and rugged regions. With a number of laborers, he
+commenced the work. He met with two attacks from the Indians by the way,
+in which four of his men were killed, and five wounded. Undaunted, he
+pushed resolutely on, and, in the month of April, reached the Kentucky
+river. To guard themselves from the savages, they immediately commenced
+the building of a fort at a salt lick, about sixty yards from the south
+bank of the stream. The Indians annoyed them from time to time, while
+they were thus engaged, but fortunately killed but one man. On the 14th
+day of June the fort was finished, and Boone started back for his family
+on Clinch river. As an honor to him, the party gave to this first
+settlement in the wilderness of Kentucky the name of Boonesborough.
+
+   [4] It is said that it was by Daniel Boone's advice that
+   they first thought of making this purchase.
+
+He reached his family without accident, and, as rapidly as he could,
+retraced his way with them through the forest. The fort consisted of
+several cabins, surrounded by pickets ten feet high, planted firmly in
+the ground. In one of these, Daniel Boone found a shelter for his
+family. The long desire of his heart was at last gratified: he had a home
+in Kentucky. He was the first settler of that region, and (as he proudly
+said) his "wife and daughter the first white women that ever stood on the
+banks of Kentucky river."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+It was now the season of autumn; the trees had not yet shed their leaves,
+and the forests were still beautiful. Mrs. Boone felt happy as she looked
+upon her new home. Winter came, and glided rapidly and joyously away.
+With their axes and rifles, the men in the settlement brought in constant
+and ample supplies of fuel and game, and around the blazing hearth of
+Daniel Boone there was not one in the family who sighed for the old home
+on the Yadkin. Boone naturally supposed that a fear of the Indians would
+be the principal trouble with his wife; and well she might dread them,
+remembering the loss of her son formerly in the pass of the mountains.
+Fortunately, however, she did not see an Indian through the season. But
+one white man was killed by them during the winter, and he lost his life
+by unfortunately wandering away from the fort unarmed. After this, the
+other settlers were more prudent; they never went without the pickets for
+fuel without taking their rifles.
+
+When spring opened, they were soon very busy. A small clearing without
+the pickets was first made for a garden-spot. Mrs. Boone and her daughter
+brought out their stock of garden-seeds, and commenced cultivating this,
+while the men went on earnestly in the work of preparing for their
+fields. They were calculating that they were making their homes for life.
+Day after day the neighborhood resounded with the crash of falling trees,
+as these hardy men levelled the forests. While they were thus engaged,
+they were made happy by a new arrival. Colonel Calloway, an old companion
+of Boone's, led by the desire of finding his old friend and a new
+country, came out to the settlement this spring, and brought with him his
+two young daughters. Here, then, were companions for Boone's daughter.
+The fathers were happy, and the mother and girls delighted.
+
+Spring had not passed away, however, before they were in sorrow about
+these children. When the wild flowers began to bloom in the woods, the
+girls were in the habit of strolling around the fort and gathering them
+to adorn their humble homes. This was an innocent and pleasant
+occupation; it pleased the girls as well as their parents. They were
+only cautioned not to wander far, for fear of the Indians. This caution,
+it seems, was forgotten. Near the close of a beautiful day in July, they
+were wandering, as usual, and the bright flowers tempted them to stroll
+thoughtlessly onward. Indians were in ambush; they were suddenly
+surrounded, seized, and hurried away, in spite of their screams for help.
+They were carried by their captors to the main body of the Indian party,
+some miles distant. Night came, and the girls did not return; search was
+made for them, and they were nowhere to be found. The thought now flashed
+upon Boone that the children were prisoners; the Indians had captured
+them. The parents were well nigh frantic: possibly the girls were
+murdered. Boone declared that he would recover his child, if alive, if he
+lost his own life in the effort. The whole settlement was at once roused:
+every man offered to start off with the two fathers in search of the
+children. But Boone would not have them all; some must remain behind, to
+protect the settlement. Of the whole number he chose seven; he and
+Calloway headed them; and, in less time than I have been telling the
+story, laden with their knapsacks and rifles, they were off in pursuit.
+
+Which way were they to go? It was a long time before they could find a
+track of the party. The wily Indians, as usual, had used all their
+cunning in hiding their footprints and breaking their trail. Covering
+their tracks with leaves; walking at right angles occasionally from the
+main path; crossing brooks by walking in them for some time, and leaving
+them at a point far from where they entered: all this had been practised,
+and I presume that the fathers never would have got on the track if the
+girls had not been as cunning as their captors. After wandering about for
+some time, they came at length to a brook, and waded along it for a great
+while in search of footprints. They looked faithfully far up and down the
+stream, for they knew the Indian stratagem. Presently Calloway leaped up
+for joy. "God bless my child!" cried he; "they have gone this way." He
+had picked up a little piece of riband which one of his daughters had
+dropped, purposely to mark the trail. Now they were on the track.
+Travelling on as rapidly as they could, from time to time they picked up
+shreds of handkerchiefs, or fragments of their dresses, that the girls
+had scattered by the way. Before the next day ended, they were still more
+clearly on the track. They reached a soft, muddy piece of ground, and
+found all the footprints of the party; they were now able to tell the
+number of the Indians. The close of the next day brought them still
+nearer to the objects of their search. Night had set in; they were still
+wandering on, when, upon reaching a small hill, they saw a camp-fire in
+the distance. They were now delighted; this surely was the party that had
+captured the girls. Everything was left to the management of Boone. He
+brought his men as near the fire as he dared approach, and sheltered them
+from observation under the brow of a hill. Calloway and another man were
+then selected from the group; the rest were told that they might go to
+sleep: they were, however, to sleep on their arms, ready to start
+instantly at a given signal. Calloway was to go with Boone; the other man
+was stationed on the top of the hill, to give the alarm, if necessary.
+The two parents now crept cautiously onward to a covert of bushes not far
+from the fire. Looking through, they saw fifteen or twenty Indians fast
+asleep in the camp; but where were the girls? Crawling to another spot,
+they pushed the bushes cautiously aside, and, to their great joy, saw in
+another camp the daughters sleeping in each other's arms. Two Indians
+with their tomahawks guarded this camp. One seemed to be asleep. They
+crept gently around in the rear of this. They were afraid to use their
+rifles: the report would wake the other camp. Calloway was to stand ready
+to shoot the sleeping Indian if he stirred, while Boone was to creep
+behind the other, seize, and strangle him. They were then to hurry off
+with the children. Unfortunately, they calculated wrong: the Indian whom
+they supposed to be sleeping was wide awake, and, as Boone drew near, his
+shadow was seen by this man. He sprang up, and the woods rang with his
+yell. The other camp was roused; the Indians came rushing to this.
+Boone's first impulse was to use his rifle, but Calloway's prudence
+restrained him. Had he fired, it would have been certain destruction to
+parents and children. They surrendered themselves prisoners, pleading
+earnestly at the same time for their captive daughters. The Indians bound
+them with cords, placed guards over them, and then retired to their camp.
+The poor girls, roused by the tumult, now saw their parents in this
+pitiable condition. Here they were, likewise made captives, for their
+love of them.
+
+There was no more sleep in the Indian camp that night. Till the dawn of
+the day they were talking of what should be done to the new prisoners:
+some were for burning them at the stake; others objected to this. Boone
+and Calloway were to be killed, but they were too brave to be killed in
+this way. Some proposed making them run the gauntlet. At last it was
+decided (in pity for the girls, it is said) that the parents should be
+killed in a more decent and quiet way. They were to be tomahawked and
+scalped, and the girls were still to be kept prisoners. With the
+morning's light they started out to execute the sentence. That the poor
+girls might not see their parents murdered the men were led off to the
+woods, and there lashed to two trees. Two of the savages stood before
+them with their tomahawks, while the rest were singing and dancing around
+them. At length the tomahawks were lifted to strike them; at that instant
+the crack of rifles was heard, and the two Indians fell dead. Another and
+another report was heard: others fell, and the rest fled in dismay.
+Boone's companions had saved them. All night long they had waited for the
+signal: none had been given; they had heard the Indian yell; they feared
+that they were taken. They had watched the camp with the greatest
+anxiety, and now had delivered them. They were instantly untied; the
+girls were quickly released, and in the arms of their parents; and they
+all started joyously homeward. Mrs. Boone was delighted to see them. The
+party had been so long gone, that she feared her husband and child were
+alike lost to her for ever.
+
+It is not surprising that when men found out that a settlement had been
+made in Kentucky, others were soon ready to start off for that fertile
+region. Accordingly, we find many arriving this year, and settling
+themselves in the country. Harrod, Logan, Ray, Wagin, Bowman, and many
+other fearless spirits, now threw themselves, like Boone, into the heart
+of the wilderness, and made their forts, or stations, as they were
+called. These were just like the home of Boone--nothing more than a few
+log cabins, surrounded by pickets. Indeed, the country began now to
+assume so much importance in the eyes of men, that the Governor of
+Virginia thought proper to take some notice of it. When the legislature
+met, he recommended that the southwestern part of the county of
+Fincastle--which meant all the large tract of country west of the
+Alleganies now known as Kentucky--should be made into a separate county,
+by the name of Kentucky. The legislature thought it well to follow his
+advice. The new county was made, and had the privilege of sending two
+members to the Virginia legislature.
+
+Nor is it surprising that the Indians began now to be more violent than
+ever in their enmity. They had been unwilling before that a white man
+should cross their path as they roamed over their hunting-grounds; but
+now, when they saw clearings made, and houses built, they felt that the
+whites meant to drive them for ever from that region. Their hatred
+consequently increased now every hour. Another circumstance at this time
+served to rouse them the more against the settlers. If you will think of
+the period of which I am speaking (the year 1776), perhaps you may guess
+what it was. The colonists of America in that year, you will remember,
+declared themselves independent of Great Britain. In the war which
+followed (known among us always as the Revolutionary War), England
+struggled hard to subdue them; nor was she always choice as to the means
+which she used for the purpose. She did not hesitate even to rouse the
+red men of the forests, and give them arms to fight the colonists. They
+were not only turned loose upon them with their own tomahawks and
+scalping-knives, but were well supplied with British rifles and balls.
+All the new settlements in the land were troubled with them, and Kentucky
+had to bear her part of the sorrow. These Indians would scatter
+themselves in small parties, and hang secretly for days and nights around
+the infant stations. Until one is acquainted with Indian stratagems, he
+can hardly tell how cunning these people are. By day they would hide
+themselves in the grass, or behind the stumps of trees, near the pathways
+to the fields or springs of water, and it was certain death to the white
+man who travelled that way. At night they would creep up to the very
+gateway of the pickets, and watch for hours for a white man. If any part
+of his person was exposed, he was sure to catch a rifle-ball. It was
+impossible to discover them, even when their mischief was done. They
+would lie in the grass flat on their bellies for days, almost under the
+very palisades. Sometimes an Indian yell would be heard near one point of
+the fort, startling all the settlers--a yell raised only to draw them
+all in one direction, while the Indians did their mischief in another. In
+this sneaking mode of warfare, men, women, and children, were killed in
+many places; and not unfrequently whole droves of cattle were cut off.
+
+At length, to the great joy of the settlers, the Indians began to show
+themselves more boldly: for anything was better than these secret
+ambushes of the savages; an open enemy is not so much to be dreaded as a
+secret one. Boonesborough and Harrodsburgh (a settlement made by James
+Harrod, a bold adventurer from the banks of the Monongahela) were now the
+principal stations. Toward these, new emigrants were from time to time
+moving, and against these stations, as being the strongest, the Indians
+felt the greatest hatred, and directed their principal attacks. Early in
+the spring of 1777, a party was moving toward Harrodsburgh: fortunately,
+the Indians attacked them; for, though two whites were killed, the attack
+probably saved the settlement. It was only four miles from the place, and
+the Indians were now on their way there. One young man escaped in the
+midst of the fight to give the alarm at Harrodsburgh. The station was
+instantly put in a state of defence. Ere long, the Indians appeared. A
+brisk firing at once commenced on both sides; the savages saw one of
+their men fall, and finding that they were not likely to gain any
+advantage, soon scattered for the woods. The whites lost one man also,
+and three were slightly wounded.
+
+On the 15th of April, a party of one hundred savages appeared boldly
+before Boonesborough. Every man of them was armed with his gun, as well
+as bow and arrows. Boone, however, was prepared for them, and gave them a
+warm reception--so warm, that they soon gladly retreated. How many of
+their men were killed it was impossible to tell, for they dragged away
+their dead with them. In the fort one man was killed, and four were badly
+wounded.
+
+Their loss this time only served to make them more revengeful. In July
+following they again came against Boonesborough, resolved upon vengeance.
+They numbered this time more than two hundred. To prevent any of the
+white settlements from sending aid to Boonesborough, they had sent off
+small parties to molest them, and keep them busy. The savages now
+commenced their attack, and for two days a constant firing was kept up.
+At last, finding their efforts again idle, they raised a loud yell, and
+returned to the forests. The whites could now count their slain and
+wounded as they dragged them off: seven were killed, and numbers wounded,
+while in the fort only one white man was slain. In spite of their numbers
+and their cunning, they did but little harm: for Boone was never found
+sleeping; he knew that Indians were his neighbors, and he was always
+ready for them. After this, they learned to dread him more than ever. He
+now went by the name of the "_Great Long Knife_."
+
+Attacks of this kind were made from time to time openly against the
+settlements, but especially against these two principal stations. They
+all ended very much in the same way, and it would only weary you if I
+should attempt to speak of them. It is enough for you to know that the
+whites were always on the lookout, and that Boone was regarded as their
+principal leader and protector. We will pass on, therefore, to something
+more interesting.
+
+I have already stated that the stations of these settlers were usually
+built, for comfort's sake, in the neighborhood of salt licks or springs;
+and near such a lick, as you will remember, Boonesborough stood. The
+supply of salt, however, was not sufficient; new settlers were often
+arriving, and it became necessary to seek a place which would afford more
+of that article. Boone was the father of the settlement, and he undertook
+to find it. Having selected thirty men as his companions, on the 1st of
+January, 1778, he started for the Blue Licks, on Licking river--a stream,
+as you know, emptying itself into the Ohio opposite where Cincinnati now
+stands. Upon reaching this spot, the thirty men were soon very busy in
+making salt. Boone, having no taste for the work, sauntered off to
+employ himself in shooting game for the company. He had wandered some
+distance from the river one day, when suddenly he came upon two Indians
+armed with muskets. It was impossible for him to retreat, and the chances
+were against him if he stood. His usual coolness did not forsake him; he
+instantly jumped behind a tree. As the Indians came within gun-shot, he
+exposed himself on the side of the tree: one savage immediately fired,
+and Boone dodged the ball. One shot was thus thrown away, and this was
+just what he desired. Exposing himself immediately in precisely the same
+way, the other musket was discharged by the other Indian, to as little
+purpose. He now stepped boldly out; the Indians were trying hard to load
+again; he raised his rifle, and one savage fell dead. He was now on equal
+terms with the other. Drawing his hunting-knife, he leaped forward and
+placed his foot upon the body of the dead Indian; the other raised his
+tomahawk to strike but Boone, with his rifle in his left hand, warded off
+the blow, while with his right he plunged his knife into the heart of the
+savage. His two foes lay dead before him. If you should ever visit
+Washington city, you will see a memorial of this deed. The act is in
+sculpture, over the southern door of the rotundo of the capitol.
+
+After this he continued his hunting excursions as usual, for the benefit
+of his party; but he was not so fortunate the next time he met with
+Indians. On the 7th of February, as he was roaming through the woods, he
+saw a party of one hundred savages on their way to attack Boonesborough.
+His only chance for escape now was to run. He instantly fled, but the
+swiftest warriors gave chase, and before a great while he was overtaken
+and made a prisoner. He was, of all men, the one whom they desired to
+take; they could now gain, as they thought, some information about
+Boonesborough. They now carried him back to the Blue Licks. As they drew
+near, Boone, knowing that it was idle to resist, made signs to the
+salt-makers to surrender themselves. This they did, and thus the savages
+soon had in their possession twenty-eight captives. Fortunately for
+themselves, three of the men had started homeward with a supply of salt,
+and thus escaped.
+
+Now was the time for the savages to have attacked Boonesborough; for,
+with the loss of so many men, and Boone their leader, we may readily
+suppose that the station might have surrendered. Flushed, however, with
+the capture of their prisoners, they seem not to have thought of it any
+longer.
+
+The prisoners were marched immediately to Old Chilicothe, the principal
+Indian town on the Little Miami, where they arrived on the 18th. There
+was great rejoicing over them when they reached this old settlement of
+the savages, though Boone says they were "treated as kindly as prisoners
+could expect." Early in the next month Boone with ten of his men was
+marched off to Detroit by forty Indians. Here Governor Hamilton, the
+British commander of that post, treated them with much kindness. The ten
+men were soon delivered up for a small ransom. But when the Governor
+offered them one hundred pounds to give up Boone, that he might allow him
+to return home, they refused to part with him; they looked upon him as
+too dangerous an enemy to be allowed to go free upon any terms. Several
+English gentlemen were moved with pity when they saw Boone thus a
+helpless prisoner, and offered to supply his wants. He thanked them for
+their feeling, but refused to receive any aid, stating that he never
+expected to be able to return their kindness, and therefore was unwilling
+to receive it. The truth was, he was not disposed to receive assistance
+from the enemies of his country.
+
+With no other prisoner than Boone, the party now started again for Old
+Chilicothe. As they drew near, after a very fatiguing march, Boone
+thought he understood why they had refused to part with him. Before they
+entered the village, they shaved his head, painted his face, and dressed
+him like themselves; they then placed in his hands a long white staff,
+ornamented with deers' tails. The chief of the party then raised a yell,
+and all the warriors from the village answered it, and soon made their
+appearance. Four young warriors commenced singing as they came toward
+him. The two first, each bearing a calumet, took him by the arms and
+marched him to a cabin in the village; here he was to remain until his
+fate was made known to him. Of all strange customs of the Indians (and he
+had seen many of them), this was the strangest to him. It is not
+wonderful that he thought he was now to die.
+
+Yet this was a common custom (it is said) among the Shawanese, who
+inhabited this village. Prisoners were often thus carried to some cabin,
+and then the Indian living in the cabin decided what should be
+done--whether the prisoner should die, or be adopted into the tribe. It
+happened that in this cabin lived an old Indian woman, who had lately
+lost a son in battle. She, of course, was to decide Boone's fate. She
+looked at him earnestly, admired his noble bearing and cheerful face, and
+at length declared that he should live. He should be her son, she said;
+he should be to her the son whom she had lost. The young warriors
+instantly announced to him his fate, and the fact was soon proclaimed
+through the village. Food was brought out and set before him; and every
+effort, which Indian love could think of, was used to make him happy. He
+was fairly one of the tribe; and the old woman who was to be his mother
+was especially delighted.
+
+He was now as free as the rest; his only sorrow was that he had to live
+among them. He knew, too, that if he should be caught trying to make his
+escape, it would be certain death to him. He pretended, therefore, to be
+cheerful and happy; and fortunately his old habits enabled him to play
+his part well. Like them, he was a man of the woods, and as fond of
+hunting as any of them. They all soon became attached to him, and treated
+him with the utmost confidence.
+
+Sometimes large parties would go out to try their skill at their sports
+of racing and shooting at a mark. Boone was always with them; he knew,
+however, that in trials of this kind the Indians were always jealous if
+they were beaten, and therefore he had to act very prudently. At racing,
+they could excel him; but at shooting, he was more than a match for any
+of them. Still, when the target was set up, he was always certain to be
+beaten. If he shot too well, they would be jealous and angry; if he shot
+badly, they would hold him in contempt: and therefore he would manage to
+make good shots, and yet never be the successful man. He knew too much of
+Indians not to conduct himself properly.
+
+Sometimes they would start out upon hunting parties. Here Boone was at
+home; there was no jealousy when he brought down a buffalo or a deer with
+his rifle-ball. He might do his best; they were true hunters themselves,
+and were delighted with every successful shot. Returning to the village,
+Boone would always visit the Shawanese chief, and present him a portion
+of his game. By this kindness and civility he completely won the heart of
+the chief, and was not unfrequently consulted by him on important
+matters. Thus he passed his time, joining in all their modes of living;
+he was beloved by the old woman, the chief, and all the tribe: and none
+suspected that he was not contented and happy.
+
+On the 1st of June, a large party was starting from the village for the
+salt-licks on the Scioto, to make salt. Boone pretended to be indifferent
+whether he went or not. The truth was, however, that he was very anxious
+to go, for he thought it would afford a fine opportunity for him to
+escape. He seemed so indifferent about the matter, that the party urged
+him to accompany them, and off he started. For ten days most of them were
+busy making salt, while Boone and two or three of the best marksmen
+hunted for the benefit of the rest. He watched his chance for escape, but
+none occurred; he was closely observed, it was impossible for him to
+attempt it. To his great sorrow, he was forced to return home with the
+salt-makers.
+
+They had scarcely got back, when the whole village was summoned to the
+council-house, to attend a council of war. Boone, as belonging to one of
+the principal families, went to this council. Here he met four hundred
+and fifty armed Indians, all gayly painted. One of the oldest warriors
+then struck a large drum, and marched with the war-standard three times
+round the council-house: this was the sure signal that they were about to
+make war upon some enemy. But who was the enemy? What was Boone's
+surprise when it was announced that they meant to attack Boonesborough!
+He resolved now that he would escape, even at every hazard, and alarm the
+settlement. Still his prudence did not forsake him.
+
+The old warriors at once commenced gathering together a supply of parched
+corn, and beating up more recruits for the expedition. All the new men
+(Boone among the rest, for he was forced to join them) were then marched
+off to the "winter-house" to drink the war-drink. This was a mixture of
+water and bitter herbs and roots, and was to be drank steadily for three
+days, during which time no man was to eat a morsel. Even if a deer or
+buffalo passed by, no man was to kill it; the fast must be kept. In fact,
+no man was allowed even to sit down, or rest himself by leaning against a
+tree. This was done by the old men to purify the young warriors, as they
+said, and to gain the favor of the Great Spirit. All this was a common
+practice with the tribe before they went to battle; and the more strictly
+the fast was kept, the greater (as they supposed) were the chances of
+success. During these three days, Boone, like the rest, kept the fast,
+drank the war-drink, and did not even leave the "medicine-ground."
+
+The fast being over, they fired their guns, yelled, danced, and sang; and
+in the midst of this noise the march commenced. The leading war-chief,
+bearing the medicine-bag, or budget (as it was called), went before; the
+rest followed in single file. Nothing but shouting and yelling, and the
+noise of guns, was heard, as they passed through the village. When they
+reached the woods, all the noise ceased; they were fairly on their march,
+and that march was to be made after the Indian fashion, in dead silence.
+For several days this dead march was kept up, Boone looking every hour
+for his chance of escape. At length, early one morning, a deer dashed by
+the line. Boone leaped eagerly after him, and started in pursuit. No
+sooner was he out of sight of the Indians, than he pressed for
+Boonesborough. He knew they would give chase, and therefore he doubled
+his track, waded in streams, and did everything that he could to throw
+them off his trail. Every sound startled him; he thought the Indians were
+behind him. With no food but roots and berries, and scarcely time to
+devour these, he pushed through swamps and thickets for his old home. Now
+or never was his chance for liberty, and as such he used it. At length,
+after wandering nearly two hundred miles, on the fourth day he reached
+Boonesborough in safety.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+
+Before we go on, let me tell you of some of the curious customs which
+Boone noticed among the Indians, during his captivity. He had a fine
+opportunity for observation, and I think these strange customs will
+interest you.
+
+It is not wonderful that Indian men and women are so hardy; they are
+trained to it from their youth: and Boone tells us how they are trained.
+When a child is only eight years old, this training commences; he is then
+made to fast frequently half a day; when he is twelve, he is made to fast
+a whole day. During the time of this fast, the child is left alone, and
+his face is always blacked. This mode of hardening them is kept up with
+girls until they are fourteen--with boys until they are eighteen. At
+length, when a boy has reached the age of eighteen, his parents tell him
+that his education is completed, and that he is old enough to be a man!
+His face is now to be blacked for the last time. He is taken to a
+solitary cabin far away from the village; his face is blacked, and then
+his father makes to him a speech of this kind: "My son, the Great Spirit
+has allowed you to live to see this day. We have all noticed your conduct
+since I first began to black your face. All people will understand
+whether you have followed your father's advice, and they will treat you
+accordingly. You must now remain here until I come after you." The lad is
+then left alone. His father then goes off hunting, as though nothing had
+happened, and leaves his boy to bear his hunger as long it is possible
+for him to starve and live. At length he prepares a great feast, gathers
+his friends together, and then returns. The lad is then brought home, his
+face is washed in cold water, his hair is shaved, leaving nothing but the
+scalp-lock; they all commence eating, but the food of the lad is placed
+before him in a separate dish. This being over, a looking-glass and a bag
+of paint are then presented to him. Then they all praise him for his
+firmness, and tell him that he is a man. Strange as it may seem, a boy is
+hardly ever known to break his fast when he is blacked this way for the
+last time. It is looked upon as something base, and they have a dread
+that the Great Spirit will punish them if they are disobedient to their
+parents.
+
+Another curious habit which surprised Boone was that of continually
+changing names. A white man carries the same name from the cradle to the
+grave, but among these people it was very different. Their principal
+arms, as you know, are the tomahawk and scalping-knife, and he who can
+take the greatest number of scalps is the greatest man. From time to
+time, as warriors would return from an attack upon some enemy, these new
+names would begin to be known. Each man would count the number of scalps
+he had taken, and a certain number entitled him to a new name, in token
+of his bravery. It is not wonderful that they were revengeful, when they
+were stimulated by this sort of ambition. Besides this, they believed
+that he who took the scalp of a brave man received at once all his
+courage and other good qualities; and this made them more eager in their
+thirst for scalps. In this way, names of warriors were sometimes changed
+three or four times in a year.
+
+Marriages in this tribe were conducted very decently. When a young
+warrior desired to marry, he assembled all his friends, and named the
+woman whom he wished for his wife. His relations then received his
+present, and took it to the parents of the young woman. If they were
+pleased with the proposal, they would dress the young woman in her
+gayest clothes, and take her, with bundles of presents, to the friends of
+the warrior; then, if she pleased, she was to be married. There was no
+compulsion in the matter. If she was not satisfied, she had only to
+return his present to the young warrior, and this was considered a
+refusal.
+
+Their mode of burying their dead was very much like that of all the
+Indians. The dead body was sometimes placed in a pen made of sticks and
+covered over with bark; sometimes it was placed in a grave, and covered
+first with bark, and then with dirt; and sometimes, especially in the
+case of the young, it was placed in a rude coffin, and suspended from the
+top of a tree. This last was a common mode of infant burial, and the
+mother of the child would often be found, long after, standing under the
+tree, and singing songs to her babe.
+
+Boone witnessed, too, the mode in which war-parties start off for war.
+The budget, or medicine-bag, is first made up. This bag contains
+something belonging to each man of the party--something usually
+representing some animal, such as the skin of a snake, the tail of a
+buffalo, the horns of a buck, or the feathers of a bird. It is always
+regarded as a very sacred thing. The leader of the party goes before with
+this; the rest follow in single file. When they come to a stand, the
+budget is laid down in front, and no man may pass it without permission.
+To keep their thoughts upon the enterprise in which they are engaged, no
+man is allowed to talk of women or his home. At night, when they encamp,
+the heart of whatever animal has been killed during the day is cut into
+small pieces and then burnt. During the burning no man is allowed to step
+across the fire, but must always walk around it in the direction of the
+sun. When they spy the enemy, and the attack is to be made, the
+war-budget is opened. Each man takes out his budget, or _totem_, and
+fastens it to his body. After the fight, each man again returns his
+_totem_ to the leader. They are all again tied up, and given to the man
+who has taken the first scalp. He then leads the party in triumph home.
+
+Boone had not long been a prisoner among them when a successful war-party
+returned home and celebrated their victory. When the party came within a
+day's march of the village, a messenger was sent in to tell of their
+success. An order was instantly issued that every cabin should be swept
+clean, and the women as quickly commenced the work. When they had
+finished, the cabins were all inspected, to see if they were in proper
+order. Next day the party approached the village. They were all
+frightfully painted, and each man had a bunch of white feathers on his
+head. They were marching in single file, the chief of the party leading
+the way, bearing in one hand a branch of cedar, laden with the scalps
+they had taken, and all chanting their war-song. As they entered the
+village, the chief led the way to the war-pole which stood in front of
+the council-house. In this house the council-fire was then burning. The
+waiter, or _Etissu_ of the leader, then fixed two blocks of wood near the
+war-pole, and placed upon them a kind of ark, which was regarded by them
+as one of their most sacred things. The chief now ordered that all should
+sit down. He then inquired whether his cabin was prepared, and everything
+made ready, according to the custom of his fathers. They then rose up and
+commenced the war-whoop, as they marched round the war-pole. The ark was
+then taken and carried with great solemnity into the council-house, and
+here the whole party remained three days and nights, separate from the
+rest of the people. Their first business now was to wash themselves
+clean, and sprinkle themselves with a mixture of bitter herbs. While they
+were thus in the house, all their female relatives, after having bathed
+and dressed themselves in their finest clothes, placed themselves in two
+lines facing each other on each side of the door. Here they continued
+singing a slow monotonous song all day and night; the song was kept up
+steadily for one minute, with intervals of ten minutes of dead silence
+between. About once in three hours the chief would march out at the head
+of his warriors, raise the war-whoop, and pass around the war-pole,
+bearing his branch of cedar. This was all that was done for the whole
+three days and nights. At length the purification was ended, and upon
+each of their cabins was placed a twig of the cedar with a fragment of
+the scalps fastened to it, to satisfy the ghosts of their departed
+friends. All were now quiet as usual, except the leader of the party and
+his waiter, who kept up the purification three days and nights longer.
+When he had finished, the budget was hung up before his door for thirty
+or forty days, and from time to time Indians of the party would be seen
+singing and dancing before it. When Boone asked the meaning of all this
+strange ceremony, they answered him by a word which he says meant _holy_.
+
+As this party had brought in no prisoners, he did not now witness their
+horrible mode of torture. Before he left them, however, he saw enough of
+their awful cruelty in this way. Sometimes the poor prisoner would be
+tied to a stake, a pile of green wood placed around him, fire applied,
+and the poor wretch left to his horrible fate, while, amid shouts and
+yells, the Indians departed. Sometimes he would be forced to run the
+gauntlet between two rows of Indians, each one striking at him with a
+club until he fell dead. Others would be fastened between two stakes,
+their arms and legs stretched to each of them, and then quickly burnt by
+a blazing fire. A common mode was to pinion the arms of the prisoner, and
+then tie one end of a grape-vine around his neck, while the other was
+fastened to the stake. A fire was then kindled, and the poor wretch would
+walk the circle; this gave the savages the comfort of seeing the poor
+creature literally roasting, while his agony was prolonged. Perhaps this
+was the most popular mode, too, because all the women and children could
+join in it. They were there, with their bundles of dry sticks, to keep
+the fire blazing, and their long switches, to beat the prisoner. Fearful
+that their victim might die too soon, and thus escape their cruelty, the
+women would knead cakes of clay and put them on the skull of the poor
+sufferer, that the fire might not reach his brain and instantly kill him.
+As the poor frantic wretch would run round the circle, they would yell,
+dance, and sing, and beat him with their switches, until he fell
+exhausted. At other times, a poor prisoner would be tied, and then
+scalding water would be poured upon him from time to time till he died.
+It was amazing, too, to see how the warriors would sometimes bear these
+tortures. Tied to the stake, they would chant their war-songs, threaten
+their captors with the awful vengeance of their tribe, boast of how many
+of their nation they had scalped and tell their tormentors how they
+might increase their torture. In the midst of the fire they would stand
+unflinching, and die without changing a muscle. It was their glory to die
+in this way; they felt that they disappointed their enemies in their last
+triumph.
+
+While Boone was with them, a noted warrior of one of the western tribes,
+with which the Shawanese were at war, was brought in as a captive. He was
+at once condemned, stripped, fastened to the stake, and the fire kindled.
+After suffering without flinching for a long time, he laughed at his
+captors, and told them they did not know how to make an enemy eat fire.
+He called for a pipe and tobacco. Excited by his bravery, they gave it to
+him. He sat down on the burning coals, and commenced smoking with the
+utmost composure; not a muscle of his countenance moved. Seeing this, one
+of his captors sprang forward and cried out that he was a true warrior.
+Though he had murdered many of their tribe, yet he should live, if the
+fire had not spoiled him. The fire had, however, well nigh done its work.
+With that, he declared that he was too brave a man to suffer any longer.
+He seized a tomahawk and raised it over the head of the prisoner: still a
+muscle did not move. He did not even change his posture. The blow was
+given, and the brave warrior fell dead.
+
+While among them, Boone also witnessed the mode in which, the Shawanese
+make a treaty of peace. The warriors of both tribes between which the
+treaty was to be made, met together first, ate and smoked in a friendly
+way, and then pledged themselves in a sacred drink called _cussena_. The
+Shawanese then waved large fans, made of eagles' tails, and danced. The
+other party, after this, chose six of their finest young men, painted
+them with white clay, and adorned their heads with swans' feathers; their
+leader was then placed on what was called the "consecrated seat." After
+this they all commenced dancing, and singing their song of peace. They
+danced first in a bending posture; then stood upright, still dancing, and
+bearing in their right hands their fans, while in their left they carried
+a calabash, tied to a stick about a foot long, and with this continually
+beat their breasts. During all this, some added to the noise by rattling
+pebbles in a gourd. This being over, the peace was concluded. It was an
+act of great solemnity, and no warrior was considered as well trained,
+who did not know how to join in every part of it.
+
+Many other strange things were seen by Boone among these people, but
+these are enough to show you that he was among a strange people, with
+habits very unlike his own. It is not wonderful that he sighed to escape,
+when he looked upon their horrid tortures. Independently of his love for
+Boonesborough, he did not know but that such tortures might be his at any
+moment, when they became excited. Fortunately, as we have seen, he did
+escape, and we will now go on with his story.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+
+When Boone reached Boonesborough, the object he most loved was not to be
+found. His poor wife, wearied with waiting for him, and naturally
+concluding that he was lost to her for ever, had returned to her friends
+on the Yadkin. The settlers had begged her to remain, and offered her
+every kindness; but her husband was gone: she was heart-sick, and longed
+to return to her friends in Carolina. Disappointed as he was, however, he
+had no time to waste in sorrow. The Indians were approaching, and
+Boonesborough was well nigh defenceless. Just before his return, a Major
+Smith had taken charge of the post, and been busy in strengthening it,
+but much was still to be done. Boone's energies were now at work, and in
+a little time the station was ready for an attack. A white man now came
+into the settlement with news. He had escaped from the Indians. The
+party from which Boone had escaped had postponed their attack for three
+weeks, and gone back to strengthen themselves. They felt that Boone had
+reached home--the alarm was given, the place fortified--and that it was
+idle to attack it at this time.
+
+Boone determined at once to improve the mean season. With nineteen men,
+he started off to surprise the Indians at Paint Creek Town, a small
+village on the Scioto. When he came within four miles of the place, he
+met a party of the savages on their way to join the large body marching
+against Boonesborough. The fight instantly commenced: one Indian fell
+dead, several were wounded, and the rest were forced to retreat; their
+horses and all their baggage fell into the hands of Boone. Two men were
+now sent to reconnoitre the town. They found no Indians there; they had
+all left. After setting fire to the village, they returned, and Boone
+immediately hurried homeward.
+
+He had scarcely entered the station, and closed the gates, when an army
+of four hundred and forty-four Indians, led on by a Frenchman named
+Duquesne, appeared before the settlement. They soon sent in a flag,
+demanding, in the name of the King of Great Britain, that the station
+should instantly surrender. A council was immediately held in the fort.
+With such a force before them, Smith was in favor of meeting their
+proposal; Boone opposed it; the settlers backed him in this opposition;
+and he sent back for an answer to the Indians that the gates should never
+be opened to them. Presently another flag of truce was sent in, with a
+message that they had a letter for Colonel Boone from Governor Hamilton,
+of Detroit. Upon hearing this, it was thought best that Boone and Smith
+should go out and meet them, and hear what they had to say.
+
+Fifty yards from the fort they were met by three chiefs, who received
+them very cordially, and led them to the spot where they were to hold the
+parley. Here they were seated upon a panther's skin, while the Indians
+held branches over their heads to protect them from the sun. The chiefs
+then commenced talking in a friendly way, and some of their warriors now
+came forward, grounded their arms, and shook hands with them. Then the
+letter of General Hamilton was read; he invited them to surrender and
+come at once to Detroit where they should be treated with all kindness.
+Smith objected to this proposal, declaring that it was impossible for
+them, at this time, to move their women and children; but the Indians had
+an answer ready: they had brought forty horses with them, they said,
+expressly to help them in removing. After a long and friendly talk, the
+white men returned to the fort, for the purpose, as they said, of
+considering the proposal. They now informed the settlers that the Indians
+had no cannon, and advised them never to think of surrendering. Every man
+thought the advice good.
+
+The Indians now sent in another flag, and asked what treaty the whites
+were ready to make. Boone, who had suspected treachery all the time, at
+once sent a reply, that if they wished to make a treaty, the place for
+making it, must be within sixty yards of the fort. This displeased them
+at first, but at last, they consented. He then stationed some of his men,
+with their guns, in one angle of the fort, with orders to fire if it
+became necessary, and, with Smith, started out to meet them. After a long
+talk with thirty chiefs, terms were agreed upon, and the treaty was ready
+to be signed; the chiefs now said that it was customary with them, on
+such occasions, for the Indians to shake hands with every white man who
+signed the treaty, as a token of the warmest friendship. Boone and Smith
+agreed to this, and the shaking of hands commenced; presently, they found
+themselves seized in the crowd--the Indians were dragging them off; a
+fire from the fort now levelled the savages who grasped them; the rest
+were in confusion, and, in the confusion, Boone and Smith escaped and
+rushed into the fort. In the struggle Boone was wounded, though not
+dangerously. It was a narrow escape for both of them.
+
+There was no more chance for deception now; the Indians were
+disappointed, and the whites were provoked at their treachery. A brisk
+firing now commenced on both sides; Duquesne harangued the Indians and
+urged them on, while the whites shouted from the fort, upbraided them as
+treacherous cowards, and defied them. The attack was furious, the firing
+was kept up till dark, and many an Indian fell that day before
+Boonesborough. The whites, sheltered by their pickets, made easy havoc
+among them.
+
+When night came, the exasperated Indians crawled under the pickets and
+began to throw burning materials into the fort, hoping to set all on
+fire; but in this they were disappointed--there were ample supplies of
+water inside, and the fire was put out as fast as it fell.
+
+The next day the firing was resumed, and day after day it continued, the
+Indians failing to make any impression. They were too far from the
+fort--the first day's work had taught them not to come near. At last they
+formed a wiser plan for doing mischief. Boonesborough, as you will
+remember, was only sixty yards from the river, and they determined, by
+the advice of the Frenchman, to let the water in and force the settlers
+out. In the night, they commenced the work of digging a trench under
+ground, from the river. In the morning Boone looked out upon the river,
+and perceiving that it was muddy, instantly guessed the cause. He
+immediately set his men to the work of cutting a trench inside the fort,
+to cross the subterranean passage of the Indians. The savages saw what
+was doing, for Boone's men were constantly shovelling dirt over the
+pickets, but they persevered earnestly in their design. At last, however,
+they were forced to stop, for the dirt caved in as fast as they dug;
+disappointed in this, they now summoned the station once more to a
+treaty. But Boone laughed at them. "Do you suppose," said he, "we would
+pretend to treat with such treacherous wretches? Fire on, you only waste
+your powder; the gates shall never be opened to you while there is a man
+of us living." Taking his advice, they commenced their firing again; at
+last, on the ninth day of the siege, wearied with their fruitless labor,
+they killed all the cattle they could find, raised a yell, and departed.
+This was a terrible siege for the Indians; it is said that they lost two
+hundred men; Boone counted thirty-seven chief warriors; while the whites,
+defended by their pickets, had but two killed and four wounded. You may
+judge, too, how industrious the savages had been, when I tell you that
+the whites who wanted lead, commenced gathering their balls after they
+left, and succeeded in picking out of the logs, and from the ground, one
+hundred and twenty-five pounds.
+
+Boone having thus successfully defended his settlement, determined now to
+go in search of his wife. Accustomed to travelling through the woods, he
+soon made his lonely journey to the Yadkin. They were amazed as he
+entered the house of Mr. Bryan, his wife's father. The appearance of one
+risen from the grave could not have surprised them more than that of
+Boone--the lost man was among them, and great was their rejoicing. He now
+remained here with his family for some time, and here we will leave him
+for a little while, to talk of what happened in Kentucky during his
+absence.
+
+The Kentuckians, roused by the Indian hostility and treachery, determined
+soon after he left to inflict punishment upon them; against the Shawanese
+they were most provoked; it was among them that most of the plots against
+the whites were formed, and the attack, therefore, was to be made upon
+them. An army of one hundred and sixty men was soon collected, and the
+command was given to a brave man named Colonel Bowman; they were to march
+directly against old Chilicothe, the den of the savages.
+
+In July of this year (1779), they started and reached the home of the
+Indians, without being discovered. At daylight, the fight commenced and
+continued till ten o'clock. Bowman's men fought bravely, but the Indians
+had every advantage. Knowing all the woods about their settlement, while
+one party fought openly, the other, concealed behind the grass and trees,
+poured in a deadly fire upon the whites. He was forced at last to retreat
+as rapidly as possible to a distance of thirty miles; but the Indians
+pursued him here, doing more mischief than before. The savages fought
+desperately. His men were falling around him, and but for Colonel Harrod,
+every man of them might have been killed. Seeing the slaughter that was
+continually increasing, he mounted a body of horsemen and made a charge
+upon the enemy; this broke their ranks, they were thrown into confusion,
+and Bowman, with the remnant of his men, was enabled to retreat.
+
+This attack only exasperated the Indians. In the course of the next
+summer (after doing much mischief in a smaller way in the meantime), they
+gathered together to the number of six hundred, and led on by Colonel
+Bird, a British officer, came down upon Riddle's and Martin's stations,
+at the forks of Licking river. They had with them six cannons, and
+managed their matters so secretly, that the first news of their approach
+was given to the settlers by the roar of their guns. Of course it was of
+no use to resist; the pickets could not defend them from cannon-balls;
+the settlers were forced to surrender. The savages rushed into the
+station and instantly killed one man and two women with their tomahawks;
+all the others, many of whom were sick, were now loaded with baggage and
+forced to march off with the Indians. It was certain death to any one,
+old or young, male or female, who became, on the march, too weak and
+exhausted to travel farther; they were instantly killed with the
+tomahawk.
+
+Flushed with success, the Indians were now more troublesome than ever; it
+was impossible for the whites to remain in the country if matters were to
+go on in this way. The inhabitants at last threw themselves upon the
+protection of Colonel Clarke, who commanded a regiment of United States
+soldiers at the falls of the Ohio. At the head of his men and a large
+number of volunteers, he marched against Pecaway, one of the principal
+towns of the Shawanese; numbers of the savages were killed, and the town
+was burnt to ashes. This was a triumph, but it was a triumph gained by
+the loss of seventeen of his men.
+
+In 1780, Boone again returned to Boonesborough with his family, bringing
+with him also a younger brother. The elder brother (who had been in
+Kentucky before, as you will remember) now returned also, and made his
+home at a spot not far from the place where the town of Shelbyville now
+stands. The settlers were all delighted to see their old friend Daniel
+Boone once more among them; they now felt that their leader was on the
+ground. Mrs. Boone too felt happy. Though she was again on "_the dark and
+bloody ground_," her husband was with her.
+
+In a little time his services were again especially needed. The want of
+salt, their old trouble was upon them, and they looked to Boone to
+procure it. Ever ready, he started off with his younger brother to the
+Blue Licks, the place of his former trouble; here he was destined to meet
+with trouble again. They had made as much salt as they could carry, and
+were now returning to Boonesborough with their packs, when they were
+suddenly overtaken by a party of savages; the Indians immediately fired,
+and Boone's brother fell dead. Daniel Boone turned, levelled his rifle at
+the foremost Indian, and brought him down; with a loud yell the party now
+rushed toward him. He snatched his brother's rifle, levelled another, and
+then ran. The Indians gave chase, but he managed to keep ahead, and even
+found time to reload his rifle. He knew that his only chance for escape
+was to distance them, and break his trail. He passed the brow of a hill,
+jumped into a brook below, waded in it for some distance, and then struck
+off at right angles from his old course. Upon looking back he found, to
+his sorrow, that he had not succeeded--the Indians were still on his
+track. Presently, he came to a grape-vine, and tried his old experiment
+at breaking the trail. This was to no purpose, he found the savages still
+following him. After travelling some distance farther, upon looking round
+he saw the cause of his trouble; the Indians had a dog with them, and
+this dog, scenting his track, kept them for ever on his course. His rifle
+was loaded--the dog was far ahead of the party--and Boone sent a rifle
+ball through him. He now pushed on, doubling his course from time to
+time; the Indians lost track of him, and he reached Boonesborough in
+safety.
+
+In spite of the continued annoyance of the Indians, the white settlements
+had continued to grow, and there were now so many white men in the
+country, that in the fall of this year (1780), Kentucky was divided into
+the three counties of Jefferson, Fayette, and Lincoln. Our friend, Daniel
+Boone, was appointed to command the militia in his county, and William
+Pope, and Benjamin Logan, two brave men, were to have the command in
+theirs.
+
+The winter of this year soon set in, and it proved a hard one. The
+settlers, however, bore it cheerfully, for they were accustomed to
+hardships. Hard as it was, too, it proved mild to the next that followed.
+The winter of 1781 was long remembered as "the cold winter" in Kentucky.
+To make it harder, the Indians, after doing much mischief through the
+summer, had destroyed most of the crops the preceding fall, and the
+settlers had small supplies of food. But the forest was around them;
+Boone and Harrod were among them, and these two men found food enough.
+Every day they went out in the winter's storms--every night they came in
+laden with deer and buffaloes. The people learned to live on nothing but
+meat. Boone and Harrod drove away all thoughts of starvation. They had,
+however, this one comfort: the cold weather kept the Indians at home.
+They had no disturbances throughout the winter from them.
+
+When spring opened, however, the savages showed themselves more furious,
+if possible, than ever. Their plans of mischief were better laid; they
+seemed to have been feeding their revenge fat. Open and secret war was
+all around the settlers. It would be idle for me to attempt to give
+details of the doings of the savages. Ashton's, Hoy's, M'Afee's,
+Kincheloe's, and Boone's station, near Shelbyville, were all attacked.
+Men were shot down in the open fields, or waylaid in every pathway. The
+early annals of Kentucky are filled with stories of many a brave white
+man at this time. There were Ashton, Holden, Lyn, Tipton, Chapman, White,
+Boone, Floyd, Wells, the M'Afees, M'Gary, Randolph, Reynolds, and others,
+some of whom were killed, and all of whom had their hard struggles. The
+history of that spring is only a story of burnings, captures, and
+murders, on the part of the savages. It was a dark period for the white
+men; even Boone, with all his vigor and fearlessness, thought it the
+darkest period he had known in that region. The savages seemed bent upon
+a war of extermination.
+
+Not satisfied with such mischief as they had already done, in the early
+part of the summer the savages held a grand council at Old Chilicothe, to
+arrange their plans for further destruction. There were chiefs there from
+the Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Pottawattomies, and most of the tribes
+bordering on the lakes. Two notorious white villains--whose names will
+never be forgotten in Kentucky--were there also, to aid them with their
+counsels. These were Girty and M'Kee, infamous men, who lived among the
+Indians, and lived only by murdering their own countrymen. Their plan was
+soon settled. Bryant's station, near Lexington, was known to be a strong
+post, and this was to be attacked. This station had within it forty
+cabins, and here it was thought they might make the greatest slaughter.
+The warriors were to gather as rapidly as possible for the enterprise.
+
+In a little time, five hundred of them rallied at Girty's cabin, ready
+for their departure. The white rascal then made a speech to them. He told
+them that "Kentucky was a beautiful hunting-ground, filled with deer and
+buffaloes, for their comfort; the white men had come to drive them away;
+the ground was now red with the blood of the red men that had been slain.
+But vengeance they would have--now, before the whites were yet fastened
+in the country, they would strike a blow, and drive them off for ever."
+Then he talked of the plan before them. He advised them to descend the
+Miami in their canoes, cross the Ohio, ascend the Licking, and then they
+might paddle their boats almost to the station. His speech was answered
+by a loud yell from the Indians, and they all started off for their
+boats--Simon Girty, with his ruffled shirt and soldier coat, marching at
+their head.
+
+On the night of the 15th of August, they arrived before the station. In
+the morning, as the gates were opened, the men were fired at by the
+savages, and this was the first news to the whites of the approach of the
+enemy. It was fortunate that they had shown themselves thus early: in two
+hours more, most of the men were to have started off to aid a distant
+feeble station. As soon as the whites found they were besieged, they
+managed to send off the news to Lexington.
+
+The Indians now, as usual, commenced their stratagems. The large body
+concealed themselves in the grass near the pathway to the spring, while
+one hundred went round and attacked the southeast angle of the station.
+Their hope was to draw the whites all to that quarter, while they forced
+an entrance on the other side. But the white men understood this sort of
+cunning; they had lived among the Indians too long to be caught by such
+tricks: instead of noticing the attack, they went on quietly with the
+work of repairing and strengthening their palisades.
+
+But water, one of the necessaries of life, was soon wanting. The whites,
+as they looked at the tall grass and weeds near the spring, felt that
+Indians were lurking there. The women now came forward and insisted upon
+it that they would go and bring water. "What if they do shoot us?" they
+said; "it is better to lose a woman than a man at such a time." With
+that, they started out, and, strange to tell, went back and forth,
+bringing supplies of water, without any difficulty. Some of the young men
+now went out upon the same purpose. They had scarcely left the station,
+when they were fired upon. Fortunately, the Indians were too far to do
+any mischief; the men retreated rapidly within the palisades. The
+Indians, finding their stratagem fruitless, now rushed forward, and
+commenced a tremendous attack. The whites received them with a steady
+fire, and many of them fell. Enraged the more, they now discharged their
+burning arrows into the roofs of the houses; some of the cabins were
+burnt, but an east wind was blowing at the time, and that saved the
+station.
+
+The enemy now fell back into the grass. They had found out, in some way,
+that help was expected from Lexington, and they were preparing to cut it
+off. In a little time, all was still. Presently sixteen horsemen,
+followed by thirty-one foot-soldiers, were seen coming; these were the
+men from Lexington. Thinking only of the distress of their friends, they
+were hurrying along, when the Indians opened a fire upon them. The
+horsemen galloped off in a cloud of dust, and reached the station in
+safety. The soldiers on foot, in their effort to escape, plunged into the
+cornfields on either side of the road, only to meet the enemy. A
+desperate fight commenced on both sides: two soldiers were killed; the
+rest--four of them having dangerous wounds--reached the pickets. The
+exasperated Indians, disappointed at the escape of this party, now
+wreaked their vengeance by killing all the cattle they could find.
+
+Finding all their efforts to enter the station idle, Simon Girty now came
+near enough to be heard, mounted a stump, and holding in his hand a flag
+of truce, began to talk. "Surrender promptly," cried Simon; "if you
+surrender promptly, no blood shall be shed; but if you will not
+surrender, then know that our cannons and reinforcements are coming. We
+will batter down your pickets as we did at Riddle's and Martin's; every
+man of you shall be slain; two are dead already four are wounded; every
+man shall die." This language was so insolent, that some of the settlers
+cried out, "Shoot the rascal!" No man, however, lifted his rifle; the
+flag of truce protected him. "I am under a flag of truce," cried Simon;
+"do you know who it is that speaks to you?"
+
+Upon this, a young man named Reynolds leaped up and cried out, "Know
+you! know you! yes, we know you well. Know Simon Girty! yes: he is the
+renegado, cowardly villain, who loves to murder women and children,
+especially those of his own people. Know Simon Girty! yes: his father
+must have been a panther, and his mother a wolf. I have a worthless dog
+that kills lambs: instead of shooting him, I have named him Simon Girty.
+You expect reinforcements and cannon, do you? Cowardly wretches like you,
+that make war upon women and children, would not dare to touch them off,
+if you had them. We expect reinforcements, too, and in numbers to give a
+short account of the murdering cowards that follow you. Even if you could
+batter down our pickets, I, for one, hold your people in too much
+contempt to shoot rifles at them. I would not waste powder and ball upon
+you. Should you even enter our fort, I am ready for you; I have roasted a
+number of hickory switches, with which we mean to whip you and your naked
+cut-throats out of the country!"
+
+Simon was now furious; cursing and swearing, he went back to his friends,
+amid the loud laughs and jeers of the whites. In a little time, the
+firing was renewed; it was all to no purpose: no white man suffered, and
+every Indian who came within gun-shot of the fort was sure to fall. In
+the course of the night the whole party sneaked off, and their tracks
+indicated that they had started for the Blue Licks. They left behind them
+thirty of their number slain.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+
+Colonel Todd, of Lexington, instantly despatched news of this attack on
+Bryant's station, to Colonel Boone, at Boonesborough, and Colonel Trigg,
+near Harrodsburgh. In a little time, one hundred and seventy-six men were
+collected under these three officers, to march in pursuit. Majors M'Gary
+and Harland now joined them, determined that they would have a part in
+the punishment of the savages. It was known, too, that Colonel Logan was
+collecting a force, and a council of officers was at once held, to
+determine whether they should march on, or wait for him. They were all so
+eager to be off, that it was thought best to march immediately. The march
+was therefore commenced forthwith.
+
+Following on in the trail of the Indians, they had not gone far, when
+Boone saw enough to convince him that the Indians would not only be
+willing, but glad to meet them. No effort had been made to conceal their
+trail; the trees were even marked on their pathway, that the whites
+might follow on; and they had tried to conceal their numbers, by
+treading in each other's footsteps. He called the attention of his
+companions to this, but still they proceeded onward.
+
+They saw no Indians until they came to the Licking river, not far from
+the Blue Licks. A party was now seen on the other side of the stream,
+leisurely crossing a hill. A council was at once held, and the officers
+all turned to Boone for advice. His advice was given frankly: he was for
+waiting till Logan should arrive with his men. The Indian party, he felt
+assured, was at the least from four to five hundred strong, and the
+unconcerned mode in which the Indians crossed the hill showed that the
+main body was near, and their design was to draw them over the river.
+Moreover, he was acquainted with all that region of the country. After
+they crossed the ford, they would come upon deep ravines not far from the
+bank, where, no doubt, the Indians were in ambush. If, however, they were
+determined not to wait for Logan, he advised that the country might at
+least be reconnoitred before the attack was made. A part of the men, he
+thought, might cross the stream, and move up cautiously on the other
+side, while the remainder would stand where they were, ready to assist
+them at the first alarm. Todd and Trigg thought the advice good, and were
+disposed to heed it; but, just at this moment, Major M'Gary, more
+hot-headed than wise, spurred his horse into the water, gave the Kentucky
+war-whoop, and cried out, "All those that are not cowards will follow me;
+I will show them where the Indians are." The men were roused by this show
+of bravery, and they all crossed the ford.
+
+The banks were steep on the other side, and many of them now dismounted,
+tied their horses, and commenced marching on foot. M'Gary and Harland led
+the way. They had not proceeded far when they came to one of the ravines.
+It was just as Boone had supposed; the savages were in ambush. A deadly
+fire was now poured in upon the whites; the men staggered and fell in
+every direction. The fire was returned, but to little purpose, for the
+enemy was completely concealed; a retreat was all that was left. The
+whites hurried back toward the river; the Indians pursued; and now
+commenced the slaughter with the tomahawk. The ford was narrow, and
+multitudes were slaughtered there. Some were trying to get to their
+horses; others, more fortunate, were mounted and flying; and some were
+plunging into the stream. In the midst of all this confusion, the
+Indians were doing their work of destruction.
+
+A man by the name of Netherland (who had been laughed at for his
+cowardice) had never dismounted his horse, and was the first to reach the
+opposite shore. In a little time, some of his comrades were around him.
+He now turned, and, looking back, saw the massacre that was going on.
+This was more than he could bear. "Halt! fire on the Indians," cried he;
+"protect the men in the river." With this, the men wheeled, fired, and
+rescued several poor fellows in the stream, over whom the tomahawk was
+lifted.
+
+Reynolds, the man who answered Girty's insolence, made a narrow escape.
+Finding, in the retreat, one of the officers wounded, he gave him his
+horse, and was soon after taken by three Indians. They were now over him,
+ready to despatch him, when two retreating white men rushed by. Two of
+the savages started in pursuit; the third stooped for an instant to tie
+his moccasin, when Reynolds sprang away from him and escaped.
+
+This was a terrible battle for the white men. More than sixty of their
+number were slain, and among them were most of their officers: Colonels
+Todd and Trigg, Majors Harland and Bulger, Captains Gordon and M'Bride,
+and a son of Colonel Boone, were all among the dead.
+
+Those who had regained the other shore, not having strength to rally,
+started homeward in great sadness. On their way they met Colonel Logan.
+He had gone to Bryant's station with his five hundred men, and was
+greatly disappointed when he found they had all started without him; he
+pushed on, however, as rapidly as he could, hoping to overtake them
+before they made their attack on the savages. The sad story of the defeat
+was soon told. All that remained to be done now was to go back, and, if
+possible, bury the dead. Upon this sad business Logan continued his
+march. Upon reaching the ground, the spectacle was awful: the dead bodies
+were strewn over it just as they had fallen, the heat was intense, and
+birds of prey were feeding upon the carcasses. The bodies were so mangled
+and changed, that no man could be distinguished; friends could not
+recognise their nearest relatives. The dead were buried as rapidly as
+possible, and Logan left the scene in great sorrow.
+
+Nor was this all the carnage. The Indians, after the defeat, had
+scattered, and it was soon found that on their way homeward they had
+swept through several settlements, carrying destruction before them.
+Emboldened by their triumph, no man could tell what they might next
+attempt.
+
+It was no time for the whites to be idle. They soon rallied in large
+numbers at Fort Washington, the present site of the city of Cincinnati.
+General Clarke was at once made commander-in-chief, and Colonel Logan was
+placed next under him in command. Clarke immediately started with a
+thousand men to attack the Indian towns on the Miami. On his way he came
+upon the cabin of Simon Girty; it was fortunate for Simon that a
+straggling Indian spied Clarke's men coming, in time to let him escape.
+The news was now spread everywhere that an army of white men was coming
+from Kentucky. The consequence was, that as Clarke approached the towns,
+he found them all deserted; the Indians had fled to the woods. His march,
+however, was not made for nothing. The towns of Old and New Chilicothe,
+Pecaway, and Wills' Town, were all reduced to ashes. One old Indian
+warrior was surprised, and surrendered himself a prisoner. This man, to
+the great sorrow of General Clarke, was afterward murdered by one of the
+soldiers.
+
+Notwithstanding this punishment, Indian massacres still went on. Stories
+of savage butchery were heard of everywhere; every station that they
+dared approach felt their fury, and the poor settler who had built his
+cabin away from any station was sure to be visited.
+
+General Clarke started out again, against the Indians on the Wabash.
+Unfortunately, his expedition failed this time, for the want of
+provisions for his men. Another expedition of Colonel Logan, against the
+Shawanese Indians, was more successful. He surprised one of their towns,
+killed many of their warriors, and took many prisoners.
+
+The war had now become so serious, that in the fall of 1785 the General
+Government invited all the lake and Ohio tribes of Indians to meet at the
+mouth of the Great Miami. It was hoped that in this way matters might be
+settled peaceably. But many of the tribes were insolent and ill-natured;
+they refused to come in, giving as an excuse that the Kentuckians were
+for ever molesting them. Emboldened by the very invitation, they
+continued the warfare more vigorously than ever. They not only assaulted
+the settlements already made, but made an attempt to guard the Ohio
+river, to prevent any further settlers from reaching the country in that
+direction. Small parties placed themselves at different points on the
+river, from Pittsburgh to Louisville, where they laid in ambush and fired
+upon every boat that passed. Sometimes they would make false signals,
+decoy the boat ashore, and murder the whole crew. They even went so far
+at last as to arm and man the boats they had taken, and cruise up and
+down the river.
+
+I must tell you of a very bold defence made on the Ohio about this time
+by a Captain Hubbel, who was bringing a party of emigrants from Vermont
+His party was in two boats, and consisted in all of twenty. As Hubbel
+came down the river, he fell in with other boats, was told of the Indian
+stratagems, and advised to be careful. Indeed, the inmates of some of the
+boats begged that he would continue in their company, and thus they would
+be able to meet the Indians better if they should be attacked; the
+stronger the party, the better, in such a condition. But Hubbel refused
+to do this, and proceeded onward. He had not gone far, when a man on the
+shore began to make signs of distress, and begged that the boat might
+come and take him off. Hubbel knew well enough that this was an Indian
+disguised as a white man, and therefore took no notice of him. In a
+little time, a party of savages pushed off in their boats, and attacked
+him fiercely. The fight was hot on both sides. The savages tried to board
+Hubbel's boat, but the fire was too hot for this. Hubbel received two
+severe wounds, and had the lock of his gun shot off by an Indian; still
+he fought, touching off his broken gun from time to time with a
+firebrand. The Indians found the struggle too hard, and were glad to
+paddle off. Presently they returned, and attacked the other boat; this
+they seized almost without an effort, killed the captain and a boy, and
+took all the women as prisoners to their own boats. Now they came once
+more against Hubbel, and cunningly placed the women on the sides of
+their boats as a sort of bulwark. But this did not stop Hubbel: he saw
+that his balls must strike the women; but it was better that they should
+be killed now, rather than suffer a death of torture from the savages,
+and the fire was at once opened upon them again. They were soon driven
+off once more. In the course of the action, however, Hubbel's boat
+drifted near the shore, and five hundred savages renewed the fire upon
+them. One of the emigrants, more imprudent than the rest, seeing a fine
+chance for a shot, raised his head to take aim, and was instantly killed
+by a ball. The boat drifted along, and at length reached deep water
+again. It was then found, that of the nine men on board, two only had
+escaped unhurt; two were killed, and two mortally wounded. A remarkable
+lad on board showed great courage. He now asked his friends to extract a
+ball that had lodged in the skin of his forehead; and when this was done,
+he begged that they would take out a piece of bone that had been
+fractured in his elbow by another ball. His poor frightened mother,
+seeing his suffering, asked him why he had not complained before; to
+which the little fellow replied that he had been too busy, and, besides
+that, the captain had told them all to make no noise.
+
+It was idle to attempt now to settle matters peaceably. The general
+government had tried that and the plan had failed. The war was now to be
+carried on to a close, come what might. An expedition was accordingly
+planned, against all the tribes northwest of the Ohio. The Indians were
+to be brought out, if possible to a general fight; or, if that could not
+be done, all their towns and cabins on the Scioto and Wabash, were to be
+destroyed. General Harmar was appointed commander of the main expedition,
+and Major Hamtranck was to aid him with a smaller party.
+
+In the fall of 1791, Harmar started from Fort Washington with three
+hundred and twenty men. In a little time he was joined by the Kentucky
+and Pennsylvania militia, so that his whole force now amounted to
+fourteen hundred and fifty-three men. Colonel Hardin, who commanded the
+Kentucky militia, was now sent ahead with six hundred men, principally
+militia, to reconnoitre the country. Upon reaching the Indian
+settlements, the savages set fire to their houses and fled; to overtake
+them, he pushed on with two hundred of his men. A party of Indians met
+and attacked them. The cowardly militia ran off, leaving their brave
+companions to be slaughtered. It was a brave struggle, but almost all
+were cut down; only seven managed to escape and join the main army.
+
+Harmar felt deeply mortified. He commenced forthwith his return to Fort
+Washington, but determined that, on the way, he would wipe off this
+disgrace from his army. Upon coming near Chilicothe he accordingly
+halted, and in the night despatched Colonel Hardin once more ahead, with
+orders to find the enemy and draw them into an engagement. About
+daybreak, Hardin came upon them, and the battle commenced. It was a
+desperate fight on both sides. Some of the militia acted badly again, but
+the officers behaved nobly. The victory was claimed on both sides, but I
+think the Indians had the best of it. Three gallant officers, Fontaine,
+Willys, and Frothingham, were slain, together with fifty regulars and one
+hundred militia.
+
+Harmar now moved on to Fort Washington. So much was said about his
+miserable campaign, that he requested that he might be tried by a
+court-martial. Accordingly he was tried and honorably acquitted.
+
+A new army was soon raised, and the command was now given to
+Major-General Arthur St. Clair. His plan was to destroy the Indian
+settlements between the Miamies, drive the savages from that region, and
+establish a chain of military posts there, which should for ever keep
+them out of the country. All having rallied at Fort Washington, he
+started off in the direction of the Miami towns. It was a hard march, for
+he was forced to cut his roads as he passed along. Upon arriving near the
+Indian country, he built forts Hamilton and Jefferson and garrisoned
+them. This left him nearly two thousand men to proceed with. In a little
+time some of the worthless militia deserted. This was a bad example to
+the rest, and St. Clair instantly sent Major Hamtranck, with a regiment,
+in pursuit of them, while he continued his march. When he arrived within
+fifteen miles of the Miami villages he halted and encamped; he was soon
+after joined by Major Hamtranck, and St. Clair proposed now immediately
+to march against the enemy.
+
+But the enemy had already got news of them, and had made ready. They were
+determined to have the first blow themselves. At daybreak the next
+morning, the savages attacked the militia and drove them back in
+confusion. These broke through the regulars, forcing their way into the
+camp, the Indians pressing hard on their heels. The officers tried to
+restore order, but to no purpose: the fight now became general. This,
+however, was only a small part of the Indian force--there were four
+thousand of the party; they had nearly surrounded the camp, and sheltered
+by the trees and grass as usual, were pouring in a deadly fire upon the
+whites. St. Clair and all his officers behaved with great courage.
+Finding his men falling fast around him, he ordered a charge to be made
+with the bayonet. The men swept through the long grass driving the
+Indians before them. The charge had no sooner ceased than the Indians
+returned. Some forced their way into the camp, killed the artillerists,
+wounded Colonel Butler, and seized the cannon. Wounded as he was, Butler
+drove them back and recovered the guns. Fired with new ardor, they
+returned again, once more entered the camp--once more had possession of
+the cannon. All was now confusion among the whites--it was impossible to
+restore order--the Indians brought them down in masses--a retreat was all
+that remained. But they were so hemmed in, that this seemed impossible.
+Colonel Darke was ordered to charge the savages behind them, while Major
+Clarke with his battalion was commanded to cover the rear of the army.
+These orders were instantly obeyed, and the disorderly retreat commenced.
+The Indians pursued them four miles, keeping up a running fight. At last
+their chief, a Mississago, who had been trained to war by the British,
+cried out to them to stop as they had killed enough. They then returned
+to plunder the camp and divide the spoils, while the routed troops
+continued their flight to Fort Jefferson, throwing away their arms on the
+roadside that they might run faster. The Indians found in the camp seven
+pieces of cannon, two hundred oxen, and several horses, and had a great
+rejoicing. Well might the Mississago chief tell his people they had
+killed enough: thirty-eight commissioned officers were slain, and five
+hundred and ninety-three non-commissioned officers and privates. Besides
+this, twenty-one officers and two hundred and forty-two men were
+wounded, some of whom soon died of their wounds.
+
+This was a most disastrous battle for the whites, the most disastrous
+they had yet known. The triumphant Indians were so delighted that they
+could not leave the field, but kept up their revels from day to day.
+Their revels, however, were at length broken up sorrowfully for them.
+General Scott, hearing of the disaster, pushed on for the field with one
+thousand mounted volunteers from Kentucky. The Indians were dancing and
+singing, and riding the horses and oxen in high glee. Scott instantly
+attacked them; two hundred were killed, their plunder retaken, and the
+whole body of savages driven from the ground.
+
+When Congress met soon after this, of course this wretched Indian war was
+much talked of. It was proposed at once to raise three additional
+regiments. Upon this a hot debate sprang up, the proposal was opposed
+warmly; the opponents said that it would be necessary to lay a heavy tax
+upon the people to raise them, that the war had been badly managed, and
+should have been trusted to the militia in the west under their own
+officers, and, moreover, that no success could be expected so long as the
+British continued to hold posts in our own limits, and furnish the
+Indians with arms, ammunition, and advice.
+
+On the other hand, it was declared that the war was a just and necessary
+one. It was shown that in seven years (between 1783 and 1790), fifteen
+hundred people in Kentucky had been murdered or taken captives by the
+savages; while in Pennsylvania and Virginia matters had been well nigh as
+bad; that everything had been done to settle matters peaceably but all to
+no purpose. In 1790, when a treaty was proposed to the Indians of the
+Miami, they asked for thirty days to deliberate--the request was
+granted--during those thirty days one hundred and twenty persons had been
+killed or captured, and at the end of the time the savages refused to
+give any answer to the proposal. At last the vote was taken--the
+resolution passed--the war was to be carried on--the regiments were to be
+raised.
+
+General St. Clair now resigned the command of the army, and Major General
+Anthony Wayne was appointed to succeed him. This appointment gave great
+joy to the western people; the man was so well known among them for his
+daring and bravery, that he commonly went by the name of "Mad Anthony."
+
+After much delay, the regiments were at last gathered together. Some
+still opposed this war and in order to prove to them that the government
+was willing to settle matters peaceably, if possible, two
+officers--Colonel Hardin and Major Truman, were now sent off to the
+Indians with proposals of peace. They were both seized and murdered by
+the savages.
+
+Wayne now started out upon his expedition. In a little time he passed
+Fort Jefferson, took possession of St. Clair's fatal field, and erected a
+fort there which he called Fort Recovery. He now learned the truth of the
+stories about the British. A number of British soldiers had come down
+from Detroit, and fortified themselves on the Miami of the lakes. It was
+rumored too, that in some of the Indian fights and massacres, the English
+were seen among them, fighting and urging them on.
+
+The General continued his march, and early in August reached the
+confluence of the Miami of the Lakes and the Au Glaize. This was one of
+the finest countries of the Indians, it was about thirty miles from the
+British post, and he discovered here, that two thousand warriors were
+near that post ready to meet him. Wayne was glad to hear this; his army
+was quite as strong, and he longed to meet the savages. As he drew near,
+however, he determined once more to have peace if possible, without
+shedding blood. A message was sent to the Indians, urging them not to
+follow the advice of bad men, to lay down their arms, to learn to live
+peaceably, and their lives and their homes should be protected by the
+government. An insolent answer, was all that was received in reply.
+
+Wayne's army now marched on in columns--a select battalion, under Major
+Price, moving in front to reconnoitre. After marching about five miles,
+Price was driven back by the fire of the Indians. As usual, the cunning
+enemy was concealed; they had hid themselves in a thick wood a little in
+advance of the British post, and here Price had received their fire.
+
+Wayne had now found out precisely where they were, and gave his orders
+accordingly. The cavalry under Captain Campbell were commanded to enter
+the wood in the rear of the Indians, between them and the river, and
+charge their left flank. General Scott, with eleven hundred mounted
+Kentucky volunteers, was to make a circuit in the opposite direction, and
+attack the right. The infantry were to advance with trailed arms, and
+rouse the enemy from their hiding-places. All being ready, the infantry
+commenced their march. The Indians were at once routed at the point of
+the bayonet. The infantry had done the whole; Campbell and Scott had
+hardly the chance of doing any of the fighting. In the course of an hour,
+they had driven the savages back two miles; in fact, within gun-shot of
+the British post.
+
+Wayne had now the possession of the whole ground, and here he remained
+three days, burning their houses and cornfields above and below the fort.
+One Englishman suffered, too, in this work of destruction. Colonel M'Kee
+was known as a British trader, forever instigating the Indians against
+the Americans, and Wayne did not scruple to burn all his houses and
+stores likewise. Major Campbell, who commanded the British fort,
+remonstrated at this, but Wayne gave him a bold and determined answer in
+reply, and he had no more to say. A few words from him would only have
+caused Wayne to drive him from the country.
+
+The army now returned to Au Glaize, destroying all the houses, villages,
+and crops by the way. It was one complete work of destruction; within
+fifty miles of the river everything was destroyed. In this campaign,
+Wayne had lost one hundred and seven men, and among them were two brave
+officers--Captain Campbell and Lieutenant Towles, but still he had gained
+a glorious victory. In his track, too, he had not forgotten to build
+forts, to guard against the savages in future.
+
+The story of the victory soon spread, and struck terror to the hearts of
+the Indians north and south. They were restless and dissatisfied, but war
+was sure destruction to them; they felt that it was idle to attempt it
+further, and were ready to be quiet. In less than a year from this time,
+Wayne concluded a treaty, in behalf of the United States with all the
+Indian tribes northwest of the Ohio. The settlers at last had peace--a
+blessing which they had long desired.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+
+With the return of peace, the settlers were very happy. They could now go
+out, fell the forests, and cultivate their fields in safety. There was no
+longer any wily savage to lay in ambush, and keep them in perpetual
+anxiety. No man among them was happier than Boone. He had been harassed
+by constant struggles ever since he came to Kentucky, and these struggles
+with the savages had made him a warrior rather than a hunter; but he
+could now return to his darling passion. While others cultivated the
+ground, he roamed through the wilderness with his rifle; he was now a
+hunter indeed, spending weeks and months uninterruptedly in the forests
+By day he moved where he pleased, and at night made his camp fearlessly
+wherever the shades of night overtook him. His life was now happier than
+ever.
+
+Ere long, however, a cloud came over this happiness. Men began again to
+crowd too closely upon him. In spite of all the early struggles with the
+savages in Kentucky, emigrants had continued to flow into that country.
+As early as 1783, Kentucky had been laid off into three counties, and was
+that year formed into one district, and called the District of Kentucky.
+In 1785, a convention was called at Danville, and a memorial was
+addressed to the legislature of Virginia, proposing that Kentucky should
+be erected into an independent State. In 1786, the legislature of
+Virginia took the necessary steps for making the new State, if Congress
+would admit it into the Union. In 1792, Kentucky was admitted into the
+Union as one of the United States of America. And now that peace had come
+to aid the settlers, emigration flowed in more rapidly. Court-houses,
+jails, judges, lawyers, sheriffs, and constables, began necessarily to be
+seen. Kentucky was becoming every day a more settled and civilized
+region, and Boone's heart grew sick. He had sought the wilderness, and
+men were fast taking it away from him. He began to think of moving.
+
+Another sorrow now came over him, and soon fixed in him the determination
+to seek a new home. Men began to dispute with him the title to his land.
+The State of Kentucky had not been surveyed by the government, and laid
+off into sections and townships, as the lands north of the Ohio river
+have since been. The government of Virginia had issued certificates,
+entitling the holder to locate where he pleased the number of acres
+called for. To actual settlers, who should build a cabin, raise a crop,
+&c., pre-emption rights to such lands as they might occupy were also
+granted. Entries of these certificates were made in a way so loose, that
+different men frequently located the same lands; one title would often
+lap over upon another; and almost all the titles conferred in this way
+became known as "the lapping, or shingle titles." Continued lawsuits
+sprang out of this state of things; no man knew what belonged to him.
+Boone had made these loose entries of his lands: his titles, of course,
+were disputed. It was curious to see the old man in a court of law, which
+he thoroughly despised, fighting for his rights. He was greatly provoked;
+he had explored and redeemed the wilderness, as he said, borne every
+hardship with his wife and children, only to be cheated at last. But the
+law decided against him; he lost his lands, and would now no longer
+remain in that region.
+
+Hearing that buffaloes and deer were still plenty about the Great Kanhawa
+river, he started thither with his wife and children, and settled near
+Point Pleasant. Here he remained several years. He was disappointed in
+not finding game as he expected, and was more of a farmer here than ever
+before; he turned his attention earnestly to agriculture, and was very
+successful in raising good crops. Still he was dissatisfied; he longed
+for the wilderness. Hunting and trapping were the constant thoughts of
+his life.
+
+While living here, he met accidentally with a party of men who had been
+out upon the upper waters of the Missouri. These men talked of the beauty
+of that region: they had stories to tell of grizzly bears, buffaloes,
+deer, beavers, and otters--in fact, the region was in their eyes "the
+paradise for a hunter." Fired by these stories, Boone resolved to go
+there. Accordingly, he gathered together all that he possessed, and with
+his wife and family started for Missouri, driving his herds and cattle
+before him. It was strange to see an old man thus vigorous in seeking a
+new home. He was an object of surprise to every one. When he reached
+Cincinnati, on his route, some one, marking his age, and surprised at his
+adventure, asked him how, at his time of life, he could leave all the
+comforts of home, for the wilderness. His answer shows his whole
+character: "Too much crowded, too much crowded," said he; "I want more
+elbow-room." Travelling on, he at length reached Missouri, and,
+proceeding about fifty miles above St. Louis, settled in what is now St.
+Charles county.
+
+Here everything pleased Boone. The country, as you know, was then in the
+possession of the French and Spanish, and the old laws by which their
+territories were governed were still in force there. They had no
+constitution, no king, no legislature, no judges, lawyers, or sheriffs.
+An officer called the commandant, and the priests, exercised all the
+authority that was needed. The horses, cattle, flocks, and herds of these
+people all grazed together upon the same commons; in fact, they were
+living here almost in primitive simplicity. Boone's character for honesty
+and courage soon became known among them, and he was appointed by the
+Spanish commandant the commandant over the district of St. Charles.
+
+Boone now had the satisfaction of settling all his children comfortably
+around him, and in the unbroken wilderness his hunting and trapping was
+unmolested. In his office of commandant he gave great satisfaction to
+every one, and continued to occupy it until Missouri was purchased by our
+government from the French. When that purchase was made, American
+enterprise soon came upon him again--he was once more crowded by his
+fellow-men. His old office of commandant was soon merged in the new order
+of things--his hunting-grounds were invaded by others. Nothing remained
+for him now, but to submit to his fate; he was too old to move again, nor
+indeed did he know where to go. He continued his old habits, as well he
+might. He would start out with his rifle, now marked with a paper sight
+to guide his dim eye, and be absent from his home for weeks. Nearly
+eighty years had passed over him, yet he would lie in wait near the
+salt-licks, and bring down his buffalo or his deer, and as bravely and
+cheerily as in his younger days, would he cut down bee-trees. As the
+light-hearted Frenchmen swept up the river in their fleets of periogues
+on their hunting excursions, Boone would cheer them as they passed, and
+sigh for his younger days that he might join their parties. He was a
+complete Nimrod, now almost worn out.
+
+It was while he was living here, I think, that he was met by that very
+interesting man, Mr. Audubon, the natural historian of our continent. He
+was struck with the man, and has given the story of his interview with
+Boone. It is so illustrative of the character of the hunter, that I give
+it to you in Mr. Audubon's words.
+
+"Daniel Boone, or as he was usually called in the western country,
+Colonel Boone, happened to spend a night under the same roof with me,
+more than twenty years ago. We had returned from a shooting excursion, in
+the course of which his extraordinary skill in the management of a rifle
+had been fully displayed. On retiring to the room appropriated to that
+remarkable individual and myself for the night, I felt anxious to know
+more of his exploits and adventures than I did, and accordingly took the
+liberty of proposing numerous questions to him. The stature and general
+appearance of this wanderer of the western forests, approached the
+gigantic. His chest was broad and prominent; his muscular powers
+displayed themselves in every limb; his countenance gave indication of
+his great courage, enterprise, and perseverance; and when he spoke, the
+very motion of his lips brought the impression, that whatever he uttered
+could not be otherwise than strictly true. I undressed, while he merely
+took off his hunting shirt, and arranged a few folds of blankets on the
+floor; choosing rather to lie there, as he observed, than on the softest
+bed. When we had both disposed of ourselves, each after his own fashion,
+he related to me the following account of his powers of memory, which I
+lay before you, kind reader, in his own words, hoping that the simplicity
+of his style may prove interesting to you.
+
+"I was once," said he, "on a hunting expedition on the banks of the Green
+river, when the lower parts of this (Kentucky) were still in the hands of
+nature, and none but the sons of the soil were looked upon as its lawful
+proprietors. We Virginians had for some time been waging a war of
+intrusion upon them, and I, among the rest, rambled through the woods, in
+pursuit of their race, as I now would follow the tracks of any ravenous
+animal. The Indians outwitted me one dark night, and I was as
+unexpectedly as suddenly made a prisoner by them. The trick had been
+managed with great skill; for no sooner had I extinguished the fire of my
+camp, and laid me down to rest, in full security, as I thought, than I
+felt myself seized by an indistinguishable number of hands, and was
+immediately pinioned, as if about to be led to the scaffold for
+execution. To have attempted to be refractory, would have proved useless
+and dangerous to my life; and I suffered myself to be removed from my
+camp to theirs, a few miles distant, without uttering even a word of
+complaint. You are aware, I dare say, that to act in this manner, was the
+best policy, as you understand that by so doing, I proved to the Indians
+at once, that I was born and bred as fearless of death as any of
+themselves.
+
+"When we reached the camp, great rejoicings were exhibited. Two squaws,
+and a few papooses, appeared particularly delighted at the sight of me,
+and I was assured, by very unequivocal gestures and words, that, on the
+morrow, the mortal enemy of the red-skins would cease to live. I never
+opened my lips, but was busy contriving some scheme which might enable me
+to give the rascals the slip before dawn. The women immediately fell a
+searching about my hunting-shirt for whatever they might think valuable,
+and fortunately for me, soon found my flask, filled with _Monongahela_
+(that is, reader, strong whiskey). A terrific grin was exhibited on their
+murderous countenances, while my heart throbbed with joy at the
+anticipation of their intoxication. The crew immediately began to beat
+their bellies and sing, as they passed the bottle from mouth to mouth.
+How often did I wish the flask ten times its size, and filled with
+aquafortis! I observed that the squaws drank more freely than the
+warriors, and again my spirits were about to be depressed, when the
+report of a gun was heard at a distance. The Indians all jumped on their
+feet. The singing and drinking were both brought to a stand; and I saw
+with inexpressible joy, the men walk off to some distance, and talk to
+the squaws. I knew that they were consulting about me, and I foresaw,
+that in a few moments the warriors would go to discover the cause of the
+gun having been fired so near their camp. I expected the squaws would be
+left to guard me. Well, sir, it was just so. They returned; the men took
+up their guns and walked away. The squaws sat down again, and in less
+than five minutes they had my bottle up to their dirty mouths, gurgling
+down their throats the remains of the whiskey.
+
+"With what pleasure did I see them becoming more and more drunk, until
+the liquor took such hold of them that it was quite impossible for these
+women to be of any service. They tumbled down, rolled about, and began to
+snore; when I, having no other chance of freeing myself from the cords
+that fastened me, rolled over and over toward the fire, and after a short
+time burned them asunder. I rose on my feet; stretched my stiffened
+sinews; snatched up my rifle, and, for once in my life, spared that of
+Indians. I now recollect how desirous I once or twice felt to lay open
+the sculls of the wretches with my tomahawk; but when I again thought
+upon killing beings unprepared and unable to defend themselves, it looked
+like murder without need, and I gave up the idea.
+
+"But, sir, I felt determined to mark the spot, and walking to a thrifty
+ash sapling, I cut out of it three large chips, and ran off. I soon
+reached the river; soon crossed it, and threw myself deep into the
+canebrakes, imitating the tracks of an Indian with my feet, so that no
+chance might be left for those from whom I had escaped to overtake me.
+
+"It is now nearly twenty years since this happened, and more than five
+since I left the whites' settlements, which I might probably never have
+visited again, had I not been called on as a witness in a lawsuit that
+was pending in Kentucky and which, I really believe, would never have
+been settled, had I not come forward, and established the beginning of a
+certain boundary line. This is the story, sir.
+
+"Mr. ---- moved from old Virginia into Kentucky, and having a large tract
+granted to him in the new state, laid claim to a certain parcel of land
+adjoining Green river, and as chance would have it, he took for one of
+his corners the very ash tree on which I had made my mark, and finished
+his survey of some thousands of acres, beginning, as it is expressed in
+the deed, 'at an ash marked by three distinct notches of the tomahawk of
+a white man.'
+
+"The tree had grown much, and the bark had covered the marks; but, some
+how or other, Mr. ---- heard from some one all that I have already said to
+you, and thinking that I might remember the spot alluded to in the deed,
+but which was no longer discoverable, wrote for me to come and try at
+least to find the place on the tree. His letter mentioned, that all my
+expenses should be paid; and not caring much about once more going back
+to Kentucky, I started and met Mr. ----. After some conversation, the
+affair with the Indians came to my recollection. I considered for a
+while, and began to think that after all, I could find the very spot, as
+well as the tree, if it was yet standing.
+
+"Mr. ---- and I mounted our horses, and off we went to the Green river
+bottoms. After some difficulties, for you must be aware, sir, that great
+changes had taken place in these woods, I found at last the spot where I
+had crossed the river, and waiting for the moon to rise, made for the
+course in which I thought the ash tree grew. On approaching the place, I
+felt as if the Indians were there still, and as if I was still a prisoner
+among them. Mr. ---- and I camped near what I conceived the spot, and
+waited till the return of day.
+
+"At the rising of the sun I was on foot, and after a good deal of musing,
+thought that an ash tree then in sight must be the very one on which I
+had made my mark. I felt as if there could be no doubt of it, and
+mentioned my thought to Mr. ----. 'Well, Colonel Boone,' said he, 'if you
+think so, I hope it may prove true, but we must have some witnesses; do
+you stay hereabout, and I will go and bring some of the settlers whom I
+know.' I agreed. Mr. ---- trotted off, and I, to pass the time, rambled
+about to see if a deer was still living in the land. But ah! sir, what a
+wonderful difference thirty years make in the country! Why, at the time
+when I was caught by the Indians, you would not have walked out in any
+direction for more than a mile without shooting a buck or a bear. There
+were ten thousands of buffaloes on the hills in Kentucky; the land
+looked as if it would never become poor; and to hunt in those days was a
+pleasure indeed. But when I was left to myself on the banks of the Green
+river, I dare say for the last time in my life, a few _signs_ only of
+deer were to be seen, and as to a deer itself, I saw none.
+
+"Mr. ---- returned, accompanied by three gentlemen. They looked upon me as
+if I had been Washington himself, and walked to the ash tree which I now
+called my own, as if in quest of a long lost treasure. I took an axe from
+one of them and cut a few chips off the bark. Still no signs were to be
+seen. So I cut again, until I thought it time to be cautious, and I
+scraped and worked away with my butcher knife, until I _did_ come to
+where my tomahawk had left an impression in the wood. We now went
+regularly to work, and scraped at the tree with care, until three hacks,
+as plain as any three notches ever were, could be seen. Mr. ---- and the
+other gentlemen were astonished, and, I must allow, I was as much
+surprised as pleased, myself. I made affidavit of this remarkable
+occurrence in the presence of these gentlemen. Mr. ---- gained his cause.
+I left Green river, for ever, and came to where we now are; and, sir, I
+wish you a good night."
+
+Here, too, it was that he resided, when Mr. Astor attempted to carry out
+his magnificent design, of settling Astoria on the western coast of our
+continent, and belting the earth with his commerce. When you are older,
+you can read the beautiful history of that attempt, written by our
+distinguished countryman Mr. Irving. As the party, bound for the far
+west, moved up the Missouri, Boone stood upon the banks of the stream,
+looking anxiously after them. It was just the adventure to please him.
+There the old man stood, leaning upon his rifle, his dim eye lighted up
+as he gazed upon them, and his heart heavy with sorrow, because he was
+too old to press with them, beyond the mountains.[5]
+
+   [5] See Irving's Astoria.
+
+Other sorrows than those of age, now crept upon him. His wife, who had
+been to him all that was good, was now taken from him, and the old man
+was left widowed. With a sad heart he now went to the home of his son,
+Major Nathan Boone.
+
+The last war with England now broke out, too, and penetrated even the
+wilds of Missouri. It was the worst of all warfare--the savages were let
+loose upon them. Boone was too old to act the part of a soldier, but he
+sent off many substitutes in his sons.
+
+When peace returned, the spirit of the old man rallied; his ruling
+passion was still with him. The woods were again his home, his rifle his
+companion; and thus he lived on, through a vigorous old age, with a
+passion as strong as ever, a hunter almost to the very day of his death.
+For when, in 1818, death came upon him, he had but little notice of its
+approach. With no disease but old age, which had seemed comparatively
+vigorous almost to the day of his departure, he died in his eighty-fourth
+year. His mind was unclouded and he passed from this world calmly and
+quietly.
+
+I have but one thing more to say. You remember Daniel Boone's schoolboy
+days, of which I have spoken. He left school a perfectly ignorant lad.
+Some say that he afterward learned to write, and produce as an evidence,
+a little narrative of his wanderings in Kentucky, supposed to be written
+by himself. I believe, however, that to the day of his death, he could
+not write his name. The narrative spoken of, was, I think, dictated in
+some degree by him, and written by another. At all events, the story is
+interesting and curious, and, as such, I have placed it for your benefit,
+as an appendix to this volume.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+THE ADVENTURES OF COLONEL DANIEL BOONE,
+
+FORMERLY A HUNTER;
+
+CONTAINING A NARRATIVE OF THE WARS OF KENTUCKY, AS GIVEN BY HIMSELF.
+
+
+Curiosity is natural to the soul of man, and interesting objects have a
+powerful influence on our affections. Let these influencing powers
+actuate, by the permission or disposal of Providence, from selfish or
+social views, yet in time the mysterious will of Heaven is unfolded, and
+we behold our conduct, from whatsoever motives excited, operating to
+answer the important designs of Heaven. Thus we behold Kentucky, lately a
+howling wilderness, the habitation of savages and wild beasts, become a
+fruitful field; this region, so favorably distinguished by nature, now
+become the habitation of civilization, at a period unparalleled in
+history, in the midst of a raging war, and under all the disadvantages of
+emigration to a country so remote from the inhabited parts of the
+continent. Here, where the hand of violence shed the blood of the
+innocent; where the horrid yells of savages and the groans of the
+distressed sounded in our ears, we now hear the praises and adorations of
+our Creator; where wretched wigwams stood, the miserable abodes of
+savages, we behold the foundations of cities laid, that, in all
+probability, will equal the glory of the greatest upon earth. And we view
+Kentucky, situated on the fertile banks of the great Ohio, rising from
+obscurity to shine with splendor equal to any other of the stars of the
+American hemisphere.
+
+The settling of this region well deserves a place in history. Most of the
+memorable events I have myself been exercised in; and, for the
+satisfaction of the public, will briefly relate the circumstances of my
+adventures, and scenes of life, from my first movement to this country
+until this day.
+
+It was on the first of May, in the year 1769, that I resigned my domestic
+happiness for a time, and left my family and peaceable habitation on the
+Yadkin river, in North Carolina, to wander through the wilderness of
+America, in quest of the country of Kentucky, in company with John
+Finley, John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James Monay, and William Cool. We
+proceeded successfully, and after a long and fatiguing journey through a
+mountainous wilderness, in a westward direction, on the 7th day of June
+following we found ourselves on Red river, where John Finley had formerly
+been trading with the Indians, and, from the top of an eminence, saw with
+pleasure the beautiful level of Kentucky. Here let me observe that for
+some time we had experienced the most uncomfortable weather, as a
+prelibation of our future sufferings. At this place we encamped, and made
+a shelter to defend us from the inclement season, and began to hunt and
+reconnoitre the country. We found everywhere abundance of wild beasts of
+all sorts, through this vast forest. The buffalo were more frequent than
+I have seen cattle in the settlements, browsing on the leaves of the
+cane, or cropping the herbage on those extensive plains, fearless,
+because ignorant, of the violence of man. Sometimes we saw hundreds in a
+drove, and the numbers about the salt springs were amazing. In this
+forest, the habitation of beasts of every kind natural to America, we
+practised hunting with great success until the 22d day of December
+following.
+
+This day John Stewart and I had a pleasing ramble, but fortune changed
+the scene in the close of it. We had passed through a great forest, on
+which stood myriads of trees, some gay with blossoms, and others rich
+with fruits. Nature was here a series of wonders, and a fund of delight.
+Here she displayed her ingenuity and industry in a variety of flowers and
+fruits, beautifully colored, elegantly shaped, and charmingly flavored;
+and we were diverted with innumerable animals presenting themselves
+perpetually to our view. In the decline of the day, near Kentucky river,
+as we ascended the brow of a small hill, a number of Indians rushed out
+of a thick canebrake upon us, and made us prisoners. The time of our
+sorrow was now arrived, and the scene fully opened. The Indians plundered
+us of what we had, and kept us in confinement seven days, treating us
+with common savage usage. During this time we discovered no uneasiness or
+desire to escape, which made them less suspicious of us; but in the dead
+of night, as we lay in a thick canebrake by a large fire, when sleep had
+locked up their senses, my situation not disposing me for rest, I touched
+my companion, and gently awoke him. We improved this favorable
+opportunity, and departed, leaving them to take their rest, and speedily
+directed our course toward our old camp, but found it plundered, and the
+company dispersed and gone home. About this time my brother, Squire
+Boone, with another adventurer, who came to explore the country shortly
+after us, was wandering through the forest, determined to find me if
+possible, and accidentally found our camp. Notwithstanding the
+unfortunate circumstances of our company, and our dangerous situation, as
+surrounded with hostile savages, our meeting so fortunately in the
+wilderness made us reciprocally sensible of the utmost satisfaction. So
+much does friendship triumph over misfortune, that sorrows and sufferings
+vanish at the meeting not only of real friends, but of the most distant
+acquaintances, and substitute happiness in their room.
+
+Soon after this, my companion in captivity, John Stewart, was killed by
+the savages, and the man that came with my brother returned home by
+himself. We were then in a dangerous, helpless situation, exposed daily
+to perils and death among savages and wild beasts--not a white man in the
+country but ourselves.
+
+Thus situated, many hundred miles from our families in the howling
+wilderness, I believe few would have equally enjoyed the happiness we
+experienced. I often observed to my brother, "You see now how little
+nature requires, to be satisfied. Felicity, the companion of content, is
+rather found in our own breasts than in the enjoyment of external things;
+and I firmly believe it requires but a little philosophy to make a man
+happy in whatsoever state he is. This consists in a full resignation to
+the will of Providence; and a resigned soul finds pleasure in a path
+strewed with briers and thorns."
+
+We continued not in a state of indolence, but hunted every day, and
+prepared a little cottage to defend us from the winter storms. We
+remained there undisturbed during the winter; and on the 1st day of May,
+1770, my brother returned home to the settlement by himself, for a new
+recruit of horses and ammunition, leaving me by myself, without bread,
+salt, or sugar, without company of my fellow-creatures, or even a horse
+or dog. I confess I never before was under greater necessity of
+exercising philosophy and fortitude. A few days I passed uncomfortably.
+The idea of a beloved wife and family, and their anxiety upon the account
+of my absence and exposed situation, made sensible impressions on my
+heart. A thousand dreadful apprehensions presented themselves to my view,
+and had undoubtedly disposed me to melancholy, if further indulged.
+
+One day I undertook a tour through the country, and the diversity and
+beauties of nature I met with in this charming season, expelled every
+gloomy and vexatious thought. Just at the close of day the gentle gales
+retired, and left the place to the disposal of a profound calm. Not a
+breeze shook the most tremulous leaf. I had gained the summit of a
+commanding ridge, and, looking round with astonishing delight, beheld the
+ample plains, the beauteous tracts below. On the other hand, I surveyed
+the famous river Ohio that rolled in silent dignity, marking the western
+boundary of Kentucky with inconceivable grandeur. At a vast distance I
+beheld the mountains lift their venerable brows, and penetrate the
+clouds. All things were still. I kindled a fire near a fountain of sweet
+water, and feasted on the loin of a buck, which a few hours before I had
+killed. The sullen shades of night soon overspread the whole hemisphere,
+and the earth seemed to gasp after the hovering moisture. My roving
+excursion this day had fatigued my body, and diverted my imagination. I
+laid me down to sleep, and I awoke not until the sun had chased away the
+night. I continued this tour, and in a few days explored a considerable
+part of the country, each day equally pleased as the first. I returned
+again to my old camp, which was not disturbed in my absence. I did not
+confine my lodging to it, but often reposed in thick canebrakes, to avoid
+the savages, who, I believe, often visited my camp, but, fortunately for
+me, in my absence. In this situation I was constantly exposed to danger
+and death. How unhappy such a situation for a man tormented with fear,
+which is vain if no danger comes, and if it does, only augments the pain!
+It was my happiness to be destitute of this afflicting passion, with
+which I had the greatest reason to be affected. The prowling wolves
+diverted my nocturnal hours with perpetual howlings; and the various
+species of animals in this vast forest, in the daytime, were continually
+in my view.
+
+Thus I was surrounded by plenty in the midst of want. I was happy in the
+midst of dangers and inconveniences. In such a diversity, it was
+impossible I should be disposed to melancholy. No populous city, with all
+the varieties of commerce and stately structures, could afford so much
+pleasure to my mind as the beauties of nature I found here.
+
+Thus, through an uninterrupted scene of sylvan pleasures, I spent the
+time until the 27th day of July following, when my brother, to my great
+felicity, met me, according to appointment, at our old camp. Shortly
+after, we left this place, not thinking it safe to stay there longer, and
+proceeded to Cumberland river, reconnoitring that part of the country
+until March, 1771, and giving names to the different waters.
+
+Soon after, I returned home to my family, with a determination to bring
+them as soon as possible to live in Kentucky, which I esteemed a second
+paradise, at the risk of my life and fortune.
+
+I returned safe to my old habitation, and found my family in happy
+circumstances. I sold my farm on the Yadkin, and what goods we could not
+carry with us; and on the 25th day of September, 1773, bade a farewell
+to our friends, and proceeded on our journey to Kentucky, in company with
+five families more, and forty men that joined us in Powel's Valley, which
+is one hundred and fifty miles from the now settled parts of Kentucky.
+This promising beginning was soon overcast with a cloud of adversity;
+for, upon the 10th day of October, the rear of our company was attacked
+by a number of Indians, who killed six, and wounded one man. Of these, my
+eldest son was one that fell in the action. Though we defended ourselves,
+and repulsed the enemy, yet this unhappy affair scattered out cattle,
+brought us into extreme difficulty, and so discouraged the whole company,
+that we retreated forty miles, to the settlement on Clinch river. We had
+passed over two mountains, viz., Powel's and Walden's, and were
+approaching Cumberland mountain when this adverse fortune overtook us.
+These mountains are in the wilderness, as we pass from the old
+settlements in Virginia to Kentucky, are ranged in a southwest and
+northeast direction, are of a great length and breadth, and not far
+distant from each other. Over these, nature hath formed passes that are
+less difficult than might be expected, from a view of such huge piles.
+The aspect of these cliffs is so wild and horrid, that it is impossible
+to behold them without terror. The spectator is apt to imagine that
+nature had formerly suffered some violent convulsion, and that these are
+the dismembered remains of the dreadful shock: the ruins, not of
+Persepolis or Palmyra, but of the world!
+
+I remained with my family on Clinch until the 6th of June, 1774, when I
+and one Michael Stoner were solicited by Governor Dunmore of Virginia to
+go to the falls of the Ohio, to conduct into the settlement a number of
+surveyors that had been sent thither by him some months before; this
+country having about this time drawn the attention of many adventurers.
+We immediately complied with the Governor's request, and conducted in the
+surveyors--completing a tour of eight hundred miles, through many
+difficulties, in sixty-two days.
+
+Soon after I returned home, I was ordered to take the command of three
+garrisons during the campaign which Governor Dunmore carried on against
+the Shawanese Indians; after the conclusion of which, the militia was
+discharged from each garrison, and I, being relieved from my post, was
+solicited by a number of North Carolina gentlemen, that were about
+purchasing the lands lying on the south side of Kentucky river, from the
+Cherokee Indians, to attend their treaty at Wataga in March, 1775, to
+negotiate with them, and mention the boundaries of the purchase. This I
+accepted; and, at the request of the same gentlemen, undertook to mark
+out a road in the best passage from the settlement through the wilderness
+to Kentucky, with such assistance as I thought necessary to employ for
+such an important undertaking.
+
+I soon began this work, having collected a number of enterprising men,
+well armed. We proceeded with all possible expedition until we came
+within fifteen miles of where Boonesborough now stands, and where we were
+fired upon by a party of Indians that killed two, and wounded two of our
+number; yet, although surprised and taken at a disadvantage, we stood our
+ground. This was on the 20th of March, 1775. Three days after, we were
+fired upon again, and had two men killed, and three wounded. Afterward we
+proceeded on to Kentucky river without opposition; and on the 1st day of
+April began to erect the fort of Boonesborough at a salt lick, about
+sixty yards from the river, on the south side.
+
+On the fourth day, the Indians killed one of our men. We were busily
+employed in building this fort until the 14th day of June following,
+without any further opposition from the Indians; and having finished the
+works, I returned to my family, on Clinch.
+
+In a short time I proceeded to remove my family from Clinch to this
+garrison, where we arrived safe, without any other difficulties than such
+as are common to this passage; my wife and daughter being the first
+white women that ever stood on the banks of Kentucky river.
+
+On the 24th day of December following, we had one man killed, and one
+wounded, by the Indians, who seemed determined to persecute us for
+erecting this fortification.
+
+On the 14th day of July, 1776, two of Colonel Calaway's daughters, and
+one of mine, were taken prisoners near the fort. I immediately pursued
+the Indians with only eight men, and on the 16th overtook them, killed
+two of the party, and recovered the girls. The same day on which this
+attempt was made, the Indians divided themselves into different parties,
+and attacked several forts, which were shortly before this time erected,
+doing a great deal of mischief. This was extremely distressing to the new
+settlers. The innocent husbandman was shot down, while busy in
+cultivating the soil for his family's supply. Most of the cattle around
+the stations were destroyed. They continued their hostilities in this
+manner until the 15th of April, 1777, when they attacked Boonesborough
+with a party of above one hundred in number, killed one man, and wounded
+four. Their loss in this attack was not certainly known to us.
+
+On the 4th day of July following, a party of about two hundred Indians
+attacked Boonesborough, killed one man, and wounded two. They besieged
+us forty-eight hours, during which time seven of them were killed, and,
+at last, finding themselves not likely to prevail, they raised the siege,
+and departed.
+
+The Indians had disposed their warriors in different parties at this
+time, and attacked the different garrisons, to prevent their assisting
+each other, and did much injury to the distressed inhabitants.
+
+On the 19th day of this month, Colonel Logan's fort was besieged by a
+party of about two hundred Indians. During this dreadful siege they did a
+great deal of mischief, distressed the garrison, in which were only
+fifteen men, killed two, and wounded one. The enemy's loss was uncertain,
+from the common practice which the Indians have of carrying off their
+dead in time of battle. Colonel Harrod's fort was then defended by only
+sixty-five men, and Boonesborough by twenty-two, there being no more
+forts or white men in the country, except at the Falls, a considerable
+distance from these: and all, taken collectively, were but a handful to
+the numerous warriors that were everywhere dispersed through the country,
+intent upon doing all the mischief that savage barbarity could invent.
+Thus we passed through a scene of sufferings that exceeds description.
+
+On the 25th of this month, a reinforcement of forty-five men arrived
+from North Carolina, and about the 20th of August following, Colonel
+Bowman arrived with one hundred men from Virginia. Now we began to
+strengthen; and hence, for the space of six weeks, we had skirmishes with
+Indians, in one quarter or other, almost every day.
+
+The savages now learned the superiority of the Long Knife, as they call
+the Virginians, by experience; being outgeneralled in almost every
+battle. Our affairs began to wear a new aspect, and the enemy, not daring
+to venture on open war, practised secret mischief at times.
+
+On the 1st day of January, 1778, I went with a party of thirty men to the
+Blue Licks, on Licking river, to make salt for the different garrisons in
+the country.
+
+On the 7th day of February, as I was hunting to procure meat for the
+company, I met with a party of one hundred and two Indians, and two
+Frenchmen, on their march against Boonesborough, that place being
+particularly the object of the enemy.
+
+They pursued, and took me; and brought me on the 8th day to the Licks,
+where twenty-seven of my party were, three of them having previously
+returned home with the salt. I, knowing it was impossible for them to
+escape, capitulated with the enemy, and, at a distance, in their view,
+gave notice to my men of their situation, with orders not to resist, but
+surrender themselves captives.
+
+The generous usage the Indians had promised before in my capitulation,
+was afterward fully complied with, and we proceeded with them as
+prisoners to Old Chilicothe, the principal Indian town on Little Miami,
+where we arrived, after an uncomfortable journey in very severe weather,
+on the 18th day of February, and received as good treatment as prisoners
+could expect from savages. On the 10th day of March following, I and ten
+of my men were conducted by forty Indians to Detroit, where we arrived
+the 30th day, and were treated by Governor Hamilton, the British
+commander at that post, with great humanity.
+
+During our travels, the Indians entertained me well, and their affection
+for me was so great, that they utterly refused to leave me there with the
+others, although the Governor offered them one hundred pounds sterling
+for me, on purpose to give me a parole to go home. Several English
+gentlemen there, being sensible of my adverse fortune, and touched with
+human sympathy, generously offered a friendly supply for my wants, which
+I refused, with many thanks for their kindness--adding, that I never
+expected it would be in my power to recompense such unmerited
+generosity.
+
+The Indians left my men in captivity with the British at Detroit, and on
+the 10th day of April brought me toward Old Chilicothe, where we arrived
+on the 25th day of the same month. This was a long and fatiguing march,
+through an exceeding fertile country, remarkable for fine springs and
+streams of water. At Chilicothe I spent my time as comfortably as I could
+expect; was adopted, according to their custom, into a family, where I
+became a son, and had a great share in the affection of my new parents,
+brothers, sisters, and friends. I was exceedingly familiar and friendly
+with them, always appearing as cheerful and satisfied as possible, and
+they put great confidence in me. I often went a hunting with them, and
+frequently gained their applause for my activity at our shooting-matches.
+I was careful not to exceed many of them in shooting; for no people are
+more envious than they in this sport. I could observe, in their
+countenances and gestures, the greatest expressions of joy when they
+exceeded me; and, when the reverse happened, of envy. The Shawanese king
+took great notice of me, and treated me with profound respect and entire
+friendship, often intrusting me to hunt at my liberty. I frequently
+returned with the spoils of the woods, and as often presented some of
+what I had taken to him, expressive of duty to my sovereign. My food and
+lodging were in common with them; not so good, indeed, as I could
+desire, but necessity made everything acceptable.
+
+I now began to meditate an escape, and carefully avoided their
+suspicions, continuing with them at Old Chilicothe until the 1st day of
+June following, and then was taken by them to the salt springs on Scioto,
+and kept there making salt ten days. During this time I hunted some for
+them, and found the land, for a great extent about this river, to exceed
+the soil of Kentucky, if possible, and remarkably well watered.
+
+When I returned to Chilicothe, alarmed to see four hundred and fifty
+Indians, of their choicest warriors, painted and armed in a fearful
+manner, ready to march against Boonesborough, I determined to escape the
+first opportunity.
+
+On the 16th, before sunrise, I departed in the most secret manner, and
+arrived at Boonesborough on the 20th, after a journey of one hundred and
+sixty miles, during which I had but one meal.
+
+I found our fortress in a bad state of defence; but we proceeded
+immediately to repair our flanks, strengthen our gates and posterns, and
+form double bastions, which we completed in ten days. In this time we
+daily expected the arrival of the Indian army; and at length, one of my
+fellow-prisoners, escaping from them, arrived, informing us that the
+enemy had, on account of my departure, postponed their expedition three
+weeks. The Indians had spies out viewing our movements, and were greatly
+alarmed with our increase in number and fortifications. The grand
+councils of the nations were held frequently, and with more deliberation
+than usual. They evidently saw the approaching hour when the Long Knife
+would dispossess them of their desirable habitations; and, anxiously
+concerned for futurity, determined utterly to extirpate the whites out of
+Kentucky. We were not intimidated by their movements, but frequently gave
+them proofs of our courage.
+
+About the first of August, I made an incursion into the Indian country
+with a party of nineteen men, in order to surprise a small town up
+Scioto, called Paint Creek Town. We advanced within four miles thereof,
+where we met a party of thirty Indians on their march against
+Boonesborough, intending to join the others from Chilicothe. A smart
+fight ensued between us for some time; at length the savages gave way and
+fled. We had no loss on our side; the enemy had one killed, and two
+wounded. We took from them three horses, and all their baggage; and being
+informed, by two of our number that went to their town, that the Indians
+had entirely evacuated it, we proceeded no further, and returned with all
+possible expedition to assist our garrison against the other party. We
+passed by them on the sixth day, and on the seventh we arrived safe at
+Boonesborough.
+
+On the 8th, the Indian army arrived, being four hundred and forty-four in
+number, commanded by Captain Duquesne, eleven other Frenchmen, and some
+of their own chiefs, and marched up within view of our fort, with British
+and French colors flying; and having sent a summons to me, in his
+Britannic Majesty's name, to surrender the fort, I requested two days'
+consideration, which was granted.
+
+It was now a critical period with us. We were a small number in the
+garrison--a powerful army before our walls, whose appearance proclaimed
+inevitable death, fearfully painted, and marking their footsteps with
+desolation. Death was preferable to captivity; and if taken by storm, we
+must inevitably be devoted to destruction. In this situation we concluded
+to maintain our garrison, if possible. We immediately proceeded to
+collect what we could of our horses and other cattle, and bring them
+through the posterns into the fort; and in the evening of the 9th, I
+returned answer that we were determined to defend our fort while a man
+was living. "Now," said I to their commander, who stood attentively
+hearing my sentiments, "we laugh at your formidable preparations; but
+thank you for giving us notice and time to provide for our defence. Your
+efforts will not prevail; for our gates shall for ever deny you
+admittance." Whether this answer affected their courage or not I can not
+tell; but, contrary to our expectations, they formed a scheme to deceive
+us, declaring it was their orders, from Governor Hamilton, to take us
+captives, and not to destroy us; but if nine of us would come out, and
+treat with them, they would immediately withdraw their forces from our
+walls, and return home peaceably. This sounded grateful in our ears; and
+we agreed to the proposal.
+
+We held the treaty within sixty yards of the garrison, on purpose to
+divert them from a breach of honor, as we could not avoid suspicions of
+the savages. In this situation the articles were formally agreed to, and
+signed; and the Indians told us it was customary with them on such
+occasions for two Indians to shake hands with every white man in the
+treaty, as an evidence of entire friendship. We agreed to this also, but
+were soon convinced their policy was to take us prisoners. They
+immediately grappled us; but, although surrounded by hundreds of savages,
+we extricated ourselves from them, and escaped all safe into the
+garrison, except one that was wounded, through a heavy fire from their
+army. They immediately attacked us on every side, and a constant heavy
+fire ensued between us, day and night, for the space of nine days.
+
+In this time the enemy began to undermine our fort, which was situated
+sixty yards from Kentucky river. They began at the water-mark, and
+proceeded in the bank some distance, which we understood, by their making
+the water muddy with the clay; and we immediately proceeded to disappoint
+their design, by cutting a trench across their subterranean passage. The
+enemy, discovering our counter-mine, by the clay we threw out of the
+fort, desisted from that stratagem: and experience now fully convincing
+them that neither their power nor policy could effect their purpose, on
+the 20th day of August they raised the siege and departed.
+
+During this siege, which threatened death in every form, we had two men
+killed, and four wounded, besides a number of cattle. We killed of the
+enemy thirty-seven, and wounded a great number. After they were gone, we
+picked up one hundred and twenty-five pounds weight of bullets, besides
+what stuck in the logs of our fort, which certainly is a great proof of
+their industry. Soon after this, I went into the settlement, and nothing
+worthy of a place in this account passed in my affairs for some time.
+
+During my absence from Kentucky, Colonel Bowman carried on an expedition
+against the Shawanese, at Old Chilicothe, with one hundred and sixty men,
+in July, 1779. Here they arrived undiscovered, and a battle ensued,
+which lasted until ten o'clock, A.M., when Colonel Bowman, finding he
+could not succeed at this time, retreated about thirty miles. The
+Indians, in the mean time, collecting all their forces, pursued and
+overtook him, when a smart fight continued near two hours, not to the
+advantage of Colonel Bowman's party.
+
+Colonel Harrod proposed to mount a number of horse, and furiously to rush
+upon the savages, who at this time fought with remarkable fury. This
+desperate step had a happy effect, broke their line of battle, and the
+savages fled on all sides. In these two battles we had nine killed, and
+one wounded. The enemy's loss uncertain, only two scalps being taken.
+
+On the 22d day of June, 1780, a large party of Indians and Canadians,
+about six hundred in number, commanded by Colonel Bird, attacked Riddle's
+and Martin's stations, at the forks of Licking river, with six pieces of
+artillery. They carried this expedition so secretly, that the unwary
+inhabitants did not discover them until they fired upon the forts; and,
+not being prepared to oppose them, were obliged to surrender themselves
+miserable captives to barbarous savages, who immediately after tomahawked
+one man and two women, and loaded all the others with heavy baggage,
+forcing them along toward their towns, able or unable to march. Such as
+were weak and faint by the way, they tomahawked. The tender women and
+helpless children fell victims to their cruelty. This, and the savage
+treatment they received afterward, is shocking to humanity, and too
+barbarous to relate.
+
+The hostile disposition of the savages and their allies caused General
+Clarke, the commandant at the Falls of the Ohio, immediately to begin an
+expedition with his own regiment, and the armed force of the country,
+against Pecaway, the principal town of the Shawanese, on a branch of
+Great Miami, which he finished with great success, took seventeen scalps,
+and burnt the town to ashes, with the loss of seventeen men.
+
+About this time I returned to Kentucky with my family; and here, to avoid
+an inquiry into my conduct, the reader being before informed of my
+bringing my family to Kentucky, I am under the necessity of informing him
+that, during my captivity with the Indians, my wife, who despaired of
+ever seeing me again--expecting the Indians had put a period to my life,
+oppressed with the distresses of the country, and bereaved of me, her
+only happiness--had, before I returned, transported my family and goods,
+on horses, through the wilderness, amid a multitude of dangers, to her
+father's house in North Carolina.
+
+Shortly after the troubles at Boonesborough, I went to them, and lived
+peaceably there until this time. The history of my going home, and
+returning with my family, forms a series of difficulties, an account of
+which would swell a volume; and, being foreign to my purpose, I shall
+purposely omit them.
+
+I settled my family in Boonesborough once more; and shortly after, on the
+6th day of October, 1780, I went in company with my brother to the Blue
+Licks; and, on our return home, we were fired upon by a party of Indians.
+They shot him, and pursued me, by the scent of their dog, three miles;
+but I killed the dog, and escaped. The winter soon came on, and was very
+severe, which confined the Indians to their wigwams.
+
+The severity of this winter caused great difficulties in Kentucky. The
+enemy had destroyed most of the corn the summer before. This necessary
+article was scarce and dear, and the inhabitants lived chiefly on the
+flesh of buffalo. The circumstances of many were very lamentable:
+however, being a hardy race of people, and accustomed to difficulties and
+necessities, they were wonderfully supported through all their
+sufferings, until the ensuing autumn, when we received abundance from the
+fertile soil.
+
+Toward spring we were frequently harassed by Indians; and in May, 1782, a
+party assaulted Ashton's station, killed one man, and took a negro
+prisoner. Captain Ashton, with twenty-five men, pursued and overtook the
+savages, and a smart fight ensued, which lasted two hours; but they,
+being superior in number, obliged Captain Ashton's party to retreat, with
+the loss of eight killed, and four mortally wounded; their brave
+commander himself being numbered among the dead.
+
+The Indians continued their hostilities; and, about the 10th of August
+following, two boys were taken from Major Hoy's station. This party was
+pursued by Captain Holder and seventeen men, who were also defeated, with
+the loss of four men killed, and one wounded. Our affairs became more and
+more alarming. Several stations which had lately been erected in the
+country were continually infested with savages, stealing their horses and
+killing the men at every opportunity. In a field, near Lexington, an
+Indian shot a man, and running to scalp him, was himself shot from the
+fort, and fell dead upon his enemy.
+
+Every day we experienced recent mischiefs. The barbarous savage nations
+of Shawanese, Cherokees, Wyandots, Tawas, Delawares, and several others
+near Detroit, united in a war against us, and assembled their choicest
+warriors at Old Chilicothe, to go on the expedition, in order to destroy
+us, and entirely depopulate the country. Their savage minds were inflamed
+to mischief by two abandoned men, Captains M'Kee and Girty. These led
+them to execute every diabolical scheme, and on the 15th day of August,
+commanded a party of Indians and Canadians, of about five hundred in
+number, against Bryant's station, five miles from Lexington. Without
+demanding a surrender, they furiously assaulted the garrison, which was
+happily prepared to oppose them; and, after they had expended much
+ammunition in vain, and killed the cattle round the fort, not being
+likely to make themselves masters of this place, they raised the siege,
+and departed in the morning of the third day after they came, with the
+loss of about thirty killed, and the number of wounded uncertain. Of the
+garrison, four were killed, and three wounded.
+
+On the 18th day, Colonel Todd, Colonel Trigg, Major Harland, and myself,
+speedily collected one hundred and seventy-six men, well armed, and
+pursued the savages. They had marched beyond the Blue Licks, to a
+remarkable bend of the main fork of Licking river, about forty-three
+miles from Lexington, where we overtook them on the 19th day. The savages
+observing us, gave way; and we, being ignorant of their numbers, passed
+the river. When the enemy saw our proceedings, having greatly the
+advantage of us in situation, they formed the line of battle, from one
+bend of Licking to the other, about a mile from the Blue Licks. An
+exceeding fierce battle immediately began, for about fifteen minutes,
+when we, being overpowered by numbers, were obliged to retreat, with the
+loss of sixty-seven men, seven of whom were taken prisoners. The brave
+and much-lamented Colonels Todd and Trigg, Major Harland, and my second
+son, were among the dead. We were informed that the Indians, numbering
+their dead, found they had four killed more than we; and therefore four
+of the prisoners they had taken were, by general consent, ordered to be
+killed in a most barbarous manner by the young warriors, in order to
+train them up to cruelty; and then they proceeded to their towns.
+
+On our retreat we were met by Colonel Logan, hastening to join us, with a
+number of well-armed men. This powerful assistance we unfortunately
+wanted in the battle; for, notwithstanding the enemy's superiority of
+numbers, they acknowledged, that, if they had received one more fire from
+us, they should undoubtedly have given way. So valiantly did our small
+party fight, that, to the memory of those who unfortunately fell in the
+battle, enough of honor can not be paid. Had Colonel Logan and his party
+been with us, it is highly probable we should have given the savages a
+total defeat.
+
+I can not reflect upon this dreadful scene, but sorrow fills my heart. A
+zeal for the defence of their country led these heroes to the scene of
+action, though with a few men to attack a powerful army of experienced
+warriors. When we gave way, they pursued us with the utmost eagerness,
+and in every quarter spread destruction. The river was difficult to
+cross, and many were killed in the flight--some just entering the river,
+some in the water, others after crossing, in ascending the cliffs. Some
+escaped on horseback, a few on foot; and, being dispersed everywhere in a
+few hours, brought the melancholy news of this unfortunate battle to
+Lexington. Many widows were now made. The reader may guess what sorrow
+filled the hearts of the inhabitants, exceeding anything that I am able
+to describe. Being reinforced, we returned to bury the dead, and found
+their bodies strewed everywhere, cut and mangled in a dreadful manner.
+This mournful scene exhibited a horror almost unparalleled: some torn and
+eaten by wild beasts; those in the river eaten by fishes; all in such a
+putrefied condition, that no one could be distinguished from another.
+
+As soon as General Clarke, then at the Falls of the Ohio--who was ever
+our ready friend, and merits the love and gratitude of all his
+countrymen--understood the circumstances of this unfortunate action, he
+ordered an expedition, with all possible haste, to pursue the savages,
+which was so expeditiously effected, that we overtook them within two
+miles of their towns: and probably might have obtained a great victory,
+had not two of their number met us about two hundred poles before we came
+up. These returned quick as lightning to their camp, with the alarming
+news of a mighty army in view. The savages fled in the utmost disorder,
+evacuated their towns, and reluctantly left their territory to our mercy.
+We immediately took possession of Old Chilicothe without opposition,
+being deserted by its inhabitants. We continued our pursuit through five
+towns on the Miami rivers, Old Chilicothe, Pecaway, New Chilicothe,
+Will's Towns, and Chilicothe--burnt them all to ashes, entirely destroyed
+their corn, and other fruits, and everywhere spread a scene of desolation
+in the country. In this expedition we took seven prisoners and five
+scalps, with the loss of only four men, two of whom were accidentally
+killed by our own army.
+
+This campaign in some measure damped the spirits of the Indians, and made
+them sensible of our superiority. Their connexions were dissolved, their
+armies scattered, and a future invasion put entirely out of their power;
+yet they continued to practise mischief secretly upon the inhabitants, in
+the exposed parts of the country.
+
+In October following, a party made an excursion into that district called
+the Crab Orchard; and one of them, being advanced some distance before
+the others, boldly entered the house of a poor defenceless family, in
+which was only a negro man, a woman, and her children, terrified with the
+apprehensions of immediate death. The savage, perceiving their
+defenceless situation, without offering violence to the family, attempted
+to capture the negro, who happily proved an overmatch for him, threw him
+on the ground, and, in the struggle, the mother of the children drew an
+axe from a corner of the cottage, and cut his head off, while her little
+daughter shut the door. The savages instantly appeared, and applied their
+tomahawks to the door. An old rusty gun-barrel, without a lock, lay in a
+corner, which the mother put through a small crevice, and the savages,
+perceiving it, fled. In the mean time, the alarm spread through the
+neighborhood; the armed men collected immediately, and pursued the
+ravagers into the wilderness. Thus Providence, by the means of this
+negro, saved the whole of the poor family from destruction. From that
+time until the happy return of peace between the United States and Great
+Britain, the Indians did us no mischief. Finding the great king beyond
+the water disappointed in his expectations, and conscious of the
+importance of the Long Knife, and their own wretchedness, some of the
+nations immediately desired peace; to which, at present [1784], they seem
+universally disposed, and are sending ambassadors to General Clarke, at
+the Falls of the Ohio, with the minutes of their councils.
+
+To conclude, I can now say that I have verified the saying of an old
+Indian who signed Colonel Henderson's deed. Taking me by the hand, at the
+delivery thereof--"Brother," said he, "we have given you a fine land, but
+I believe you will have much trouble in settling it." My footsteps have
+often been marked with blood, and therefore I can truly subscribe to its
+original name. Two darling sons and a brother have I lost by savage
+hands, which have also taken from me forty valuable horses, and abundance
+of cattle. Many dark and sleepless nights have I been a companion for
+owls, separated from the cheerful society of men, scorched by the
+summer's sun, and pinched by the winter's cold--an instrument ordained to
+settle the wilderness. But now the scene is changed: peace crowns the
+sylvan shade.
+
+What thanks, what ardent and ceaseless thanks are due to that
+all-superintending Providence which has turned a cruel war into peace,
+brought order out of confusion, made the fierce savages placid, and
+turned away their hostile weapons from our country! May the same Almighty
+Goodness banish the accursed monster, war, from all lands, with her
+hated associates, rapine and insatiable ambition! Let peace, descending
+from her native heaven, bid her olives spring amid the joyful nations;
+and plenty, in league with commerce, scatter blessings from her copious
+hand!
+
+This account of my adventures will inform the reader of the most
+remarkable events of this country. I now live in peace and safety,
+enjoying the sweets of liberty, and the bounties of Providence, with my
+once fellow-sufferers, in this delightful country, which I have seen
+purchased with a vast expense of blood and treasure: delighting in the
+prospect of its being, in a short time, one of the most opulent and
+powerful states on the continent of North America; which, with the love
+and gratitude of my countrymen, I esteem a sufficient reward for all my
+toil and dangers.
+
+                          DANIEL BOONE.
+                           _Fayette County_, KENTUCKY.
+
+
+    THE END.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Adventures of Daniel Boone: the
+Kentucky rifleman, by Uncle Philip
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