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diff --git a/old/27279-8.txt b/old/27279-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 202f812..0000000 --- a/old/27279-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23039 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Southern Literature From 1579-1895, by Louise Manly - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Southern Literature From 1579-1895 - A comprehensive review, with copious extracts and criticisms - for the use of schools and the general reader - -Author: Louise Manly - -Release Date: November 16, 2008 [EBook #27279] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOUTHERN LITERATURE FROM 1579-1895 *** - - - - -Produced by Kevin O'Hare (who provided the book), Sam W. -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net. Music transcribed by Jana Srna. - - - - - - - -Transcriber's Note - -There is a small amount of Greek in this text, which has been -transliterated. It is surrounded by plus signs +like this+. - -Bold text is indicated with tildes ~like this~. - -Characters with a macron (straight line) over them are indicated as -[=x], where x is the letter in question. Those with a caron (v shape) -over them are indicated as [vx]. Superscripted text is indicated with -a caret (^) preceding the superscripted letters. - -The original text indicated omitted text with varied numbers of spaced -periods; this convention has been retained. - - - - - SOUTHERN LITERATURE - - _From 1579-1895._ - - A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW, WITH COPIOUS EXTRACTS - AND CRITICISMS - - FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS AND THE GENERAL READER - - - _Containing an Appendix with a Full List of Southern - Authors_ - - BY - LOUISE MANLY - - - ILLUSTRATED - - - RICHMOND, VA. - B. F. JOHNSON PUBLISHING COMPANY - 1900 - - - - -COPYRIGHT, 1895, BY LOUISE MANLY. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The primary object of this book is to furnish our children with -material for becoming acquainted with the development of American life -and history as found in Southern writers and their works. It may serve -as a reader supplementary to American history and literature, or it -may be made the ground-work for serious study of Southern life and -letters; and between these extremes there are varying degrees of -usefulness. - -To state its origin will best explain its existence. This may -furthermore be of some help to teachers in using the book, though each -teacher will use it as best suits his classes and methods. - -The study of History is rising every day in importance. Sir Walter -Raleigh in his "Historie of the World" well said, "It hath triumphed -over time, which besides it nothing but eternity hath triumphed over." -It is the still living word of the vanished ages. - -The best way of teaching history has of late years received much -attention. One excellent method is to read, in connection with the -text-book, good works of fiction, dramas, poetry, and historical -novels, bearing upon the different epochs, and also to read the works -of the authors themselves of these different periods. We thus make -history and literature illustrate and beautify each other. The dry -dates become covered with living facts, the past is peopled with real -beings instead of hard names, fiction receives a solid basis for its -airy architecture, and the mind of the pupil is interested and -broadened. Even the difficult subjects of politics and institutions -gradually assume a more pleasing aspect by being associated with -individual human interests, and condescend to simplify themselves -through personal relations. - -To illustrate this method, which I have used with great success in -teaching English History: - -In connection with the times of the early Britons, read Tennyson's -"Idyls of the King." - -At the Norman Conquest, Bulwer's "Harold." - -At the reign of Richard I. (Coeur de Lion), Scott's "Ivanhoe" and -"Talisman," Shakspere's "King John." - -At the reign of Elizabeth, Scott's "Kenilworth," the non-historical -plays of Shakspere, as he lived at that epoch, Bacon's Essays, and -others. - -I mention merely a few. The amount of reading can be increased almost -indefinitely and will depend on the time of the pupil, the plan of the -teacher, and the accessibility of the books. Most of the books -necessary for English History are now published in cheap form and are -within reach of every pupil. - -A great deal of reading is very desirable; it is the only way to give -our pupils any broad view of literature and history, and to cultivate -a taste for reading in those destitute of it. It is often the only -opportunity for reading which some pupils will ever have, and it lasts -them a life-time as a pleasure and a benefit.[1] - -The reading may be done in the class or out of school hours. It is -well to read as much as practicable in class, and to have some sketch -of the outside reading given in class. - -Geography must also go hand in hand with history, a point now well -understood. But its importance can hardly be exaggerated and its -practice is of the utmost value. One _must_ use maps to study and read -intelligently. - -In American History pursue a similar course, as for example: - -At the period of discovery and early settlement, read Irving's -"Columbus," Simms' "Vasconselos" (De Soto's Expedition), and -"Yemassee," John Smith's Life and Writings, Longfellow's "Hiawatha" -and "Miles Standish," Kennedy's "Rob of the Bowl," Strachey's Works, -Mrs. Preston's "Colonial Ballads," &c. - -In Revolutionary times, the Revolutionary novels of Simms and Cooper, -Kennedy's "Horse-Shoe Robinson;" the great statesmen of the day, as -Jefferson, Adams, Patrick Henry, Hamilton, Washington; Cooke's -"Fairfax" in which Washington appears as a youthful surveyor, and -"Virginia Comedians" in which Patrick Henry appears, Thackeray's -"Virginians;" and others. - -Each teacher will make his own list as his time and command of books -allow. And each State or section of our great country will devote more -time to its own special history and literature; this is right, for -knowledge like charity begins at home, and gradually widens until it -embraces the circle of the universe. - -In collecting material for classes in American History to read in -accordance with this plan, it was found easy to get cheap editions of -Irving, Longfellow, Cooper, and other writers of the northern States, -but almost impossible to get those of the southern, in cheap or even -expensive editions. And the present volume has been prepared to supply -in part this deficiency. To fit it to the plan suggested, the dates of -the writers and the period and character of their works have been -indicated, and some selections from them given for reading,--too -little, it is feared, to be of much service, and yet enough to -stimulate to further interest and study. - -The materials have been found so abundant, even so much more abundant -than I suspected when undertaking the work, that it has been a hard -task to make a selection from the rich masses of interesting writing. -I fear that the work is too fragmentary and contains too many writers -to make a lasting impression in a historical point of view. - -If, however, it leads to a sympathetic study of Southern life and -literature, and especially if it makes young people acquainted with -our writers of the past and with something of the old-time life and -the spirit that controlled our ancestors, it will serve an excellent -purpose. - -Our writers should be compared with those of other sections and other -countries; and due honor should be given them, equally removed from -over-praise and from depreciation. If we, their countrymen, do not -know and honor them, who can be expected to do so? No people is great -whose memory is lost, whose interest centres in the present alone, who -looks not reverently back to true beginnings and hopefully forward to -a grand future. - -So I would urge my fellow-teachers to a fresh diligence in studying -and worthily understanding the life and literature of our past, and in -impressing them upon the minds of the rising generation, so as to -infuse into the new forms now arising the best and purest and highest -of the old forms fast passing away. - -My sincere thanks are hereby tendered to the scholars who have aided -me by their advice and encouragement, to living authors and the -relatives of those not living who have generously given me permission -to copy extracts from their writings, to the publishers who have -kindly allowed me to use copyrighted matter, to Miss Anna M. Trice, -Mr. Josiah Ryland, Jr., and the officials of the Virginia State -Library where I found most of the books needed in my work, and to Mr. -David Hutcheson, of the Library of Congress. My greatest indebtedness -is to Professor William Taylor Thom and Professor John P. McGuire, for -scholarly criticism and practical suggestions in the course of -preparation. - - 1895. LOUISE MANLY. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[1] See Professor Woodrow Wilson's excellent article on the University -study of Literature and Institutions, in the FORUM, September, 1894. - - - - -LIST OF WORKS FOR REFERENCE. - - -Appleton: Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 6 vols. - -Duyckinck: Cyclopaedia of American Literature, 2 vols. - -Allibone: Dictionary of Authors, 3 vols. - -Kirk: Supplement to Allibone, 2 vols. - -Stedman: Poets of America. - -Stedman and Hutchinson: Library of American Literature, 11 vols. - -Poe: Literati of New York. - -Griswold: Poets and Poetry of America. - Prose Writers of America. - Female Poets of America. - -Hart: American Literature, Eldredge Bros., Phila. - -Davidson: Living Writers of the South, (1869). - -Miss Rutherford: American Authors, Franklin Publishing Company, -Atlanta, Georgia. - -Southern Literary Messenger, 1834-1863. - -Southern Quarterly Review, 1842-1855. - -De Bow's Commercial Review. - -The Land We Love, 1865-1869. - -Southern Review, and Eclectic Review, Baltimore. - -Southland Writers, by Ida Raymond (Mrs. Tardy). - -Women of the South in Literature, by Mary Forrest. - -Fortier: Louisiana Studies, F. F. Hansell, New Orleans. - -Ogden: Literature of the Virginias, Independent Publishing Company, -Morgantown, West Virginia. - -C. W. Coleman, Jr.: Recent Movement in the Literature of the South, -Harper's Monthly, 1886, No. 74, p. 837. - -T. N. Page: Authorship in the South before the War, Lippincott's -Magazine, 1889, No. 44, p. 105. - -Professor C. W. Kent, University of Virginia: Outlook for Literature -in the South. - -People's Cyclopedia (1894). - - - - -TABLE OF CONTENTS - -In Chronological Order. - - -FIRST PERIOD ... 1579-1750. - - PAGE - JOHN SMITH, 1579-1631 33 - Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas 35 - Our Right to Those Countries 38 - Ascent of the River James, 1607 42 - - WILLIAM STRACHEY, in America 1609-12 45 - A Storm Off the Bermudas 45 - - JOHN LAWSON, in America 1700-08 48 - North Carolina in 1700-08 49 - Harvest Home of the Indians 53 - - WILLIAM BYRD, 1674-1744 54 - Selecting the Site of Richmond and Petersburg, 1733 58 - A Visit to Ex-Governor Spotswood, 1732 58 - Dismal Swamp, 1728 61 - The Tuscarora Indians and Their Legend of a Christ, 1729 65 - - -SECOND PERIOD ... 1750-1800. - - HENRY LAURENS, 1724-1792 67 - A Patriot in the Tower 68 - - GEORGE WASHINGTON, 1732-1799 71 - An Honest Man 73 - How to Answer Calumny 74 - Conscience 74 - On his Appointment as Commander-in-Chief, 1775 74 - A Military Dinner-Party 76 - Advice to a Favorite Nephew 76 - Farewell Address to the People of the United States, 1796 77 - Union and Liberty 77 - Party Spirit 79 - Religion and Morality 81 - - PATRICK HENRY, 1736-1799 82 - Remark on Slavery, 1788 84 - Not Bound by State Lines 84 - If This Be Treason, 1765 84 - The Famous Revolution Speech, 1775 84 - - WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON, 1742-1779 87 - George III.'s Abdication of Power in America 89 - - THOMAS JEFFERSON, 1743-1826 91 - Political Maxims 94 - Religious Opinions at the Age of Twenty 94 - Scenery at Harper's Ferry, and at the Natural Bridge 95 - On Freedom of Religious Opinion 98 - On the Discourses of Christ 98 - Religious Freedom (the Act of 1786) 98 - Letter to his Daughter 100 - Jefferson's Last Letter, 1826 101 - - DAVID RAMSAY, 1749-1815 103 - British Treaty with the Cherokees, 1755 105 - Sergeant Jasper at Fort Moultrie, 28 June, 1776 106 - Sumpter and Marion 107 - - JAMES MADISON, 1751-1836 109 - Opinion of Lafayette 110 - Plea for a Republic 111 - Character of Washington 112 - - ST. GEORGE TUCKER, 1752-1828 113 - Resignation, or Days of My Youth 115 - - JOHN MARSHALL, 1755-1835 116 - Power of the Supreme Court 117 - The Duties of a Judge 118 - - HENRY LEE, 1756-1818 119 - Capture of Fort Motte by Lee and Marion, 1780 120 - The Father of His Country 124 - - MASON LOCKE WEEMS, 1760-1825 126 - The Hatchet Story 126 - - JOHN DRAYTON, 1766-1822 127 - A Revolutionary Object Lesson in the Cause of - Patriotism 1775 128 - The Battle of Noewee, 1776 129 - - WILLIAM WIRT, 1772-1834 131 - The Blind Preacher (James Waddell) 132 - Mr. Henry against John Hook 135 - - JOHN RANDOLPH, 1773-1833 137 - Revision of the State Constitution, 1829 138 - - GEORGE TUCKER, 1775-1861 140 - Jefferson's Preference for Country Life 142 - Establishment of the University of Virginia 143 - - -THIRD PERIOD ... 1800-1850. - - HENRY CLAY, 1777-1852 147 - To Be Right above All 148 - No Geographical Lines in Patriotism 148 - Military Insubordination 148 - - FRANCIS SCOTT KEY, 1780-1843 151 - The Star-Spangled Banner 151 - - JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, 1780-1851 153 - The Mocking-Bird 155 - The Humming-Bird 157 - - THOMAS HART BENTON, 1782-1858 158 - The Duel Between Randolph and Clay, 1826 159 - - JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN, 1782-1850 161 - War and Peace 164 - System of Our Government 164 - Defence of Nullification 164 - The Wise Choice 166 - Official Patronage 167 - - NATHANIEL BEVERLEY TUCKER, 1784-1851 167 - The Partisan Leader 168 - - DAVID CROCKETT, 1786-1836 173 - Spelling and Grammar: Prologue To His Autobiography 173 - On a Bear-hunt 175 - Motto: Be Sure You Are Right 178 - - RICHARD HENRY WILDE, 1789-1847 178 - My Life Is Like the Summer Rose 179 - - AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET, 1790-1870 180 - Ned Brace at Church 180 - A Sage Conversation 182 - - ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE, 1791-1839 185 - State Sovereignty and Liberty 185 - - SAM HOUSTON, 1793-1863 189 - Cause of the Texan War of Independence 190 - Battle of San Jacinto, 1836 193 - How To Deal With the Indians 196 - - WILLIAM CAMPBELL PRESTON, 1794-1860 199 - Literary Society in Columbia, S. C., 1825 201 - - JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY, 1795-1870 204 - A Country Gentleman in Virginia 205 - His Wife 207 - How Horse-Shoe and Andrew Captured Five Men 210 - - HUGH SWINTON LEGARÉ, 1797-1843 217 - Commerce and Wealth vs. War 217 - Demosthenes' Courage 219 - A Duke's Opinions of Virginia, North and South Carolina, - and Georgia, in 1825 221 - - MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE LAMAR, 1798-1859 223 - The Daughter of Mendoza 223 - - FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS, 1798-1866 224 - The First Indian Baptism in America 225 - Virginia Dare, the First English Child Born in America 226 - The Lost Colony of Roanoke 226 - - GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE, 1802-1870 228 - The Closing Year 228 - Paragraphs 231 - - EDWARD COATE PINKNEY, 1802-1828 231 - A Health 232 - Song: We Break the Glass 233 - - CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR GAYARRÉ, 1805-1895 235 - Louisiana in 1750-1770 236 - The Tree of the Dead 240 - - MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY, 1806-1873 243 - The Gulf Stream 246 - Deep-Sea Soundings 247 - Heroic Death of Lieutenant Herndon 249 - - WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS, 1806-1870 252 - Sonnet--The Poet's Vision 255 - The Doom of Occonestoga 255 - Marion, the "Swamp-Fox" 262 - - ROBERT EDWARD LEE, 1807-1870 265 - Duty--To His Son 266 - Human Virtue--At the Surrender 266 - His Last Order, 1865 266 - Letter Accepting the Presidency of Washington College 268 - - JEFFERSON DAVIS, 1808-1889 269 - Trip To Kentucky at Seven Years of Age, and Visit to - General Jackson 271 - Life of the President of the United States 272 - Farewell to the Senate, 1861 274 - - EDGAR ALLAN POE, 1809-1849 276 - To Helen 279 - Israfel 279 - Happiness 281 - The Raven 281 - - ROBERT TOOMBS, 1810-1885 284 - Farewell to the Senate, 1861 286 - - OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT, 1810-1877 288 - To Cadiz from Havanna, 1855 289 - - LOUISA SUSANNAH M'CORD, 1810-1880 291 - Woman's Duty 292 - - JOSEPH G. BALDWIN, 1811-1864 294 - Virginians in a New Country 294 - - ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS, 1812-1883 296 - Laws of Government 297 - Sketch in the Senate, 1850 298 - True Courage 301 - - ALEXANDER BEAUFORT MEEK, 1814-1865 301 - Red Eagle, or Weatherford 302 - - PHILIP PENDLETON COOKE, 1816-1850 305 - Florence Vane 305 - - THEODORE O'HARA, 1820-1867 308 - Bivouac of the Dead 308 - - -FOURTH PERIOD ... 1850-1895. - - GEORGE RAINSFORD FAIRBANKS, 1820- 311 - Osceola, Leader of the Seminoles 311 - - RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON, 1822- 314 - Mr. Hezekiah Ellington's Recovery 315 - - JOHN REUBEN THOMPSON, 1823-1873 317 - Ashby 318 - Music in Camp 319 - - JABEZ LAMAR MONROE CURRY, 1825- 321 - Relations between England and America 322 - - MARGARET JUNKIN PRESTON, 1825- 324 - The Shade of the Trees 324 - - CHARLES HENRY SMITH, ("BILL ARP"), 1826- 326 - Big John, on the Cherokees 327 - - ST. GEORGE H. TUCKER, 1828-1863 329 - Burning of Jamestown in 1676 330 - - GEORGE WILLIAM BAGBY, 1828-1883 332 - Jud. Brownin's Account of Rubinstein's Playing 332 - - SARAH ANNE DORSEY, 1829-1879 336 - A Confederate Exile on His Way to Mexico, 1866 338 - - HENRY TIMROD, 1829-1867 341 - Sonnet--Life Ever Seems 344 - English Katie 344 - Hymn for Magnolia Cemetery 345 - - PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE, 1830-1886 346 - The Mocking-Bird (At Night) 348 - Sonnet--October 349 - A Dream of the South Wind 349 - - JOHN ESTEN COOKE, 1830-1886 350 - The Races in Virginia, 1765 351 - - ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE, 1830-1894 358 - Changes Wrought by the War 360 - The Country Gentlemen 360 - The Negroes 362 - - ALBERT PIKE, 1809-1891 365 - To the Mocking-Bird 365 - - WILLIAM TAPPAN THOMPSON, 1812-1882 367 - Major Jones's Christmas Present 368 - - JAMES BARRON HOPE, 1827-1887 370 - The Victory at Yorktown 371 - Washington and Lee 372 - - JAMES WOOD DAVIDSON, 1829- 373 - The Beautiful and the Poetical 373 - - CHARLES COLCOCK JONES, JR., 1831-1893 376 - Salzburger Settlement in Georgia 376 - - MARY VIRGINIA TERHUNE ("MARION HARLAND") 379 - Letter Describing Mary [Ball] Washington When a Young - Girl 381 - Madam Washington at the Peace Ball 381 - - AUGUSTA EVANS WILSON, 1835- 383 - A Learned and Interesting Conversation 384 - - DANIEL BEDINGER LUCAS, 1836- 387 - The Land Where We Were Dreaming 388 - - JAMES RYDER RANDALL, 1839- 389 - My Maryland 390 - - ABRAM JOSEPH RYAN, 1839-1886 392 - - WILLIAM GORDON MCCABE, 1841- 393 - Dreaming in the Trenches 393 - - SIDNEY LANIER, 1842-1881 394 - Song of the Chattahoochee 396 - What is Music? 397 - The Tide Rising in the Marshes 397 - - JAMES LANE ALLEN 398 - Sports of a Kentucky School in 1795 399 - - JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS, 1848- 401 - The Tar-Baby 403 - - ROBERT BURNS WILSON, 1850- 405 - Fair Daughter of the Sun 406 - Dedication--A Sonnet 407 - - "CHRISTIAN REID," FRANCES C. TIERNAN 407 - Ascent of Mt. Mitchell, N. C. 409 - - HENRY WOODFEN GRADY, 1851-1889 413 - The South before the War 413 - Master and Slave 413 - Ante-bellum Civilization 416 - - THOMAS NELSON PAGE, 1853- 419 - Marse Chan's Last Battle 421 - - MARY NOAILLES MURFREE, ("CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK") 423 - The "Harnt" that Walks Chilhowee 423 - - DANSKE DANDRIDGE, 1859- 429 - The Spirit and the Wood-Sparrow 430 - - AMÉLIE RIVES CHANLER, 1863- 431 - Tanis 432 - - GRACE KING 437 - La Grande Demoiselle 437 - - WAITMAN BARBE, 1864- 441 - Sidney Lanier 442 - - MADISON CAWEIN, 1865- 442 - The Whippoorwill 443 - - DIXIE 444 - - LIST OF AUTHORS AND WORKS omitted for lack of space 445 - - - - -INDEX. - - - PAGE - A Confederate Exile on His Way to Mexico, _Sarah - A. Dorsey_ 338 - - Address in Congress, 1800, on the Death of Washington, - _Henry Lee_ 124 - - A Dream of the South Wind, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349 - - Advice to His Nephew, _George Washington_ 76 - - A Health, _E. C. Pinkney_ 232 - - Alamo, Fall of the 192 - - A Learned and Interesting Conversation, _Augusta E. Wilson_ 384 - - ALLEN, JAMES LANE 398 - - Anecdotes of Alexander H. Stephens 296, 297 - - An Honest Man, _George Washington_ 73 - - Ante-bellum Civilization, _Henry W. Grady_ 416 - - Arber, Professor, on John Smith's Writings 35 - - A Sage Conversation, _A. B. Longstreet_ 182 - - Ascent of Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina, _Christian Reid_ 409 - - Ascent of the James River, 1607, _John Smith_ 42 - - Ashby, _John R. Thompson_ 318 - - AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES 153 - - - Bacon, Nathaniel 330 - - BAGBY, GEORGE WILLIAM 332 - - BALDWIN, JOSEPH G. 294 - - BARBE, WAITMAN 441 - - Battle of Noewee, 1776, _John Drayton_ 129 - - Battle of San Jacinto, 1836, _Sam Houston_ 193 - - Battle of the Blue Licks, Ky., 1782 400 - - Battle of Tohopeka, or Horse-Shoe Bend, Ala. 302 - - Bear Hunt, _David Crockett_ 175 - - Beauvoir 270, 273 - - Beautiful and the Poetical, The, _Jas. Wood Davidson_ 373 - - Beauty is Holiness 395 - - BENTON, THOMAS HART 158 - - "Be sure you are right," _David Crockett_ 178 - - Big John, on the Cherokees, _Bill Arp_ 327 - - BILL ARP (CHARLES HENRY SMITH) 326 - - Bivouac of the Dead, _Theodore O'Hara_ 308 - - Blind Preacher, _William Wirt_ 132 - - Boone, Daniel 401 - - British Treaty with the Cherokees, 1755, _David Ramsay_ 105 - - Burning of Jamestown, 1676, _St. George H. Tucker_ 330 - - Byrd, Evelyn 56 - - BYRD, WILLIAM 54 - - - CALHOUN, JOHN CALDWELL 161 - - Calhoun and the Union 275 - - Calhoun, Death of 300 - - Capture of Fort Motte, _Henry Lee_ 120 - - Cause of the Texan War of Independence, _Sam Houston_ 190 - - CAWEIN, MADISON 442 - - Changes Wrought by the War, _Z. B. Vance_ 360 - - CHANLER, MRS. AMÉLIE RIVES 431 - - Character of Washington, _James Madison_ 112 - - Cherokees, Big John on the, _Bill Arp_ 327 - - CLAY, HENRY 147 - - Closing Year, The, _George D. Prentice_ 228 - - Commerce and Wealth _vs._ War, _Hugh S. Legaré_ 217 - - Conscience, _George Washington_ 74 - - COOKE, PHILIP PENDLETON 305 - - COOKE, JOHN ESTEN 350 - - Corn-Shucking and Christmas Times 362 - - Country Gentleman in Virginia and His Wife, _John P. - Kennedy_ 205 - - Country Gentlemen 360 - - Cow-Boy's Song 339 - - CRADDOCK, CHARLES EGBERT, (MISS M. N. MURFREE) 423 - - CROCKETT, DAVID 173 - - CURRY, JABEZ LAMAR MONROE 321 - - - Dale, General Sam 302 - - DANDRIDGE, MRS. DANSKE 429 - - Daughter of Mendoza, _M. B. Lamar_ 223 - - DAVIDSON, JAMES WOOD 373 - - DAVIS, JEFFERSON 269 - - Davis, Winnie 270 - - Davis, Mrs. Varina Jefferson 271 - - Davy Crockett's Motto 178 - - Days of My Youth, or Resignation, _St. George Tucker_ 115 - - Death of Calhoun 300 - - Death of Lieutenant Herndon 249 - - Dedication Sonnet (to his Mother), _Robert Burns Wilson_ 407 - - Deep-Sea Soundings, _M. F. Maury_ 247 - - Defence of Nullification, _John C. Calhoun_ 164 - - Demosthenes, _Hugh S. Legaré_ 219 - - DeSaussure, Judge, and Social Dining in Columbia 201 - - Discourses of Christ, _Thomas Jefferson_ 98 - - Dismal Swamp, _William Byrd_ 61 - - Dixie 444 - - Dixie and Yankee Doodle 319 - - Doom of Occonestoga, _Wm. Gilmore Simms_ 255 - - DORSEY, MRS. SARAH ANNE 336 - - DRAYTON, WILLIAM HENRY 87 - - DRAYTON, JOHN 127 - - Dreaming in the Trenches, _Wm. Gordon McCabe_ 393 - - Duel Between Randolph and Clay, 1826, _Thomas H. Benton_ 159 - - Duke of Saxe-Weimar in Virginia, North and South Carolina, - and Georgia, 1825, _Hugh S. Legaré_ 221 - - Duties of a Judge, _John Marshall_ 118 - - Duty, _Robert E. Lee_ 266 - - - England and America, Relations between, _J. L. M. Curry_ 322 - - English Katie, _Henry Timrod_ 344 - - Ennui 101 - - Establishment of the University of Virginia, _George Tucker_ 143 - - - FAIRBANKS, GEORGE RAINSFORD 311 - - Fair Daughter of the Sun, _Robert Burns Wilson_ 406 - - Farewell Address to the American People, 1796, _George - Washington_ 77 - - Farewell to the Senate, 1861, _Jefferson Davis_ 274 - - Farewell to the Senate, 1861, _Robert Toombs_ 286 - - Father of His Country, _Henry Lee_ 124 - - First Indian Baptism in America, _Francis L. Hawks_ 225 - - "First in War, first in Peace" 124 - - Five Demands of the South 286 - - Florence Vane, _Philip Pendleton Cooke_ 305 - - Fort King, Florida 311 - - Fort Motte, Capture of, _Henry Lee_ 120 - - Freedom of Religious Opinion, _Thomas Jefferson_ 98 - - - GAYARRÉ, CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR 235 - - George the Third's Abdication of Power in America, - _William Henry Drayton_ 89 - - Gladstone's Opinion of the United States 322 - - Goliad, Massacre at 192 - - GRADY, HENRY WOODFEN 413 - - Grave of Dr. Elisha Mitchell 411 - - Gulf Stream, _M. F. Maury_ 246 - - - Hampton at the Battle of Noewee, South Carolina, 1776 130 - - Happiness, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 281 - - HARLAND, MARION (MRS. M. V. TERHUNE) 379 - - "Harnt" that Walks Chilhowee, The, _Charles Egbert - Craddock_ 423 - - Harper's Ferry, Scenery at 95 - - HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER 401 - - Harvest Home of the Indians, _John Lawson_ 53 - - Hatchet Story, _Mason L. Weems_ 126 - - HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER 224 - - HAYNE, ROBERT YOUNG 185 - - HAYNE, PAUL HAMILTON 346 - - Hayne, William Hamilton 346 - - Helen, To, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279 - - HENRY, PATRICK 82 - - Hermitage, General Jackson at The 271 - - Heroic Death of Lieutenant Herndon, _M. F. Maury_ 249 - - HOPE, JAMES BARRON 370 - - Horse-Shoe Bend, Battle of 302 - - HOUSTON, SAM 189 - - How Horse-Shoe and Andrew Captured Five Men, _John P. - Kennedy_ 210 - - How Ruby Played, _George William Bagby_ 332 - - How to Answer Calumny, _George Washington_ 74 - - How to Deal with the Indians, _Sam Houston_ 196 - - Human Virtue, _R. E. Lee_ 266 - - Humming-Bird, The, _J. J. Audubon_ 157 - - Hymn for Magnolia Cemetery, _Henry Timrod_ 345 - - - "If This Be Treason--", _Patrick Henry_ 84 - - "I'll HAUNT you," 317 - - Indian Doom of Excommunication 255 - - Israfel, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279 - - - Jackson, General, at Home 271 - - Jamestown, Burning of, 1676, _St. George H. Tucker_ 330 - - James Waddell, the Blind Preacher, _William Wirt_ 132 - - JEFFERSON, THOMAS 91 - - Jefferson's Last Letter, June 24, 1826, _Thomas Jefferson_ 101 - - Jefferson's Preference for Country Life, _George Tucker_ 142 - - Jefferson's Religious Opinions at Twenty, _Thomas Jefferson_ 94 - - John Hook, Patrick Henry against, _William Wirt_ 135 - - JOHNSTON, RICHARD MALCOLM 314 - - JONES, CHARLES COLCOCK, JR. 376 - - Jud. Brownin's Account of Rubinstein's Playing, _George - William Bagby_ 332 - - - KENNEDY, JOHN PENDLETON 204 - - KEY, FRANCIS SCOTT 151 - - KING, GRACE 437 - - - La Fayette, Madison's Opinion of, _James Madison_ 110 - - La Grande Demoiselle, _Grace King_ 437 - - LAMAR, MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE 223 - - Land Where We Were Dreaming, The, _D. B. Lucas_ 388 - - LANIER, SIDNEY 394 - - Lanier, To Sidney, _Waitman Barbe_ 442 - - La Rabida 291 - - Last Letter of Jefferson, June 24, 1826, _Thomas Jefferson_ 101 - - LAURENS, HENRY 67 - - Laurens, John, the "Bayard of the Revolution" 67 - - Laws of Government, _A. H. Stephens_ 297 - - LAWSON, JOHN 48 - - LEE, HENRY 119 - - LEE, ROBERT EDWARD 265 - - Lee's Last Order, _R. E. Lee_ 266 - - Lee's Letter Accepting the Presidency of Washington - College, _R. E. Lee_ 268 - - LEGARÉ, HUGH SWINTON 217 - - Letter to Martha Jefferson, _Thomas Jefferson_ 100 - - LE VERT, MADAME OCTAVIA WALTON 288 - - Life Ever Seems--Sonnet, _Henry Timrod_ 344 - - Life of the President of the United States, _Jefferson - Davis_ 272 - - Literary Society in Columbia in 1825, _Wm. C. Preston_ 201 - - LONGSTREET, AUGUSTUS BALDWIN 180 - - Lost Colony of Roanoke, _F. L. Hawks_ 226 - - Louisiana in 1750-'70, _C. E. A. Gayarré_ 236 - - LUCAS, DANIEL BEDINGER 387 - - - Madam Washington at the Peace Ball, _Marion Harland_ 381 - - MADISON, JAMES 109 - - Madison, Mrs. Dolly 110 - - Madison's Opinion of La Fayette, _James Madison_ 110 - - Magnolia Cemetery, Hymn for Dedication, _Henry Timrod_ 345 - - Major Jones's Christmas Present, _W. T. Thompson_ 368 - - MARION HARLAND, (MRS. M. V. TERHUNE) 379 - - Marion, Sumpter and, _David Ramsay_ 107 - - Marion, the "Swamp-Fox," _Wm. Gilmore Simms_ 262 - - Marquis de Vaudreuil, the "Great Marquis" 237 - - Marse Chan's Last Battle, _Thomas Nelson Page_ 421 - - "Marseillaise of the Confederacy" 389 - - MARSHALL, JOHN 116 - - Maryland, My Maryland 390 - - Mary Washington When a Girl, _Marion Harland_ 381 - - Mary Washington's Monument, _Marion Harland_ 379 - - Master and Slave 413 - - MAURY, MATTHEW FONTAINE 243 - - Maxims of Jefferson 94 - - MCCABE, WILLIAM GORDON 393 - - M'CORD, MRS. LOUISA SUSANNAH 291 - - M'CORD, D. J. 201, 291 - - MEEK, ALEXANDER BEAUFORT 301 - - Military Dinner Party, _George Washington_ 76 - - Military Insubordination, _Henry Clay_ 148 - - "Millions for Defence" 116 - - Mitchell's Grave, Mt. Mitchell, N. C. 411 - - Mocking-Bird, The, _J. J. Audubon_ 155 - - Mocking-Bird (At Night), _Paul H. Hayne_ 348 - - Mocking-Bird, To The, _Albert Pike_ 365 - - Mocking-Bird and Nightingale Compared 100 - - Mr. Hezekiah Ellington's Recovery, _R. M. Johnston_ 315 - - MURFREE, MARY NOAILLES, (CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK) 423 - - Music in Camp, _John R. Thompson_ 319 - - My Life Is Like the Summer Rose, _R. H. Wilde_ 179 - - My Maryland, _James R. Randall_ 390 - - - Naming of Tallahassee, The 288 - - Natural Bridge of Virginia 97 - - Ned Brace at Church, _A. B. Longstreet_ 180 - - No Geographical Lines in Patriotism, _Henry Clay_ 148 - - North Carolina in 1700-1708, _John Lawson_ 49 - - Not Bound by State Lines, _Patrick Henry_ 84 - - Nullification, Defence of, _John C. Calhoun_ 164 - - - Object-Lesson in the Cause of Patriotism, _John Drayton_ 128 - - Occonestoga, Doom of, _Wm. Gilmore Simms_ 255 - - October--A Sonnet, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349 - - Official Patronage, _John C. Calhoun_ 167 - - O'HARA, THEODORE 308 - - Old Church at Jamestown 39, 331 - - On a Bear Hunt, _David Crockett_ 175 - - Osceola, Leader of the Seminoles, _George R. Fairbanks_ 311, 312 - - Our Right to Those Countries, _John Smith_ 38 - - - Page, John, Letter to 94 - - PAGE, THOMAS NELSON 419 - - Paragraphs, _George D. Prentice_ 231 - - Partisan Leader, _N. Beverley Tucker_ 168 - - Party Spirit, _George Washington_ 79 - - Patrick Henry against John Hook, _William Wirt_ 135 - - Patrick Henry's Famous Revolution Speech, _Patrick Henry_ 84 - - Patriot in the Tower, _Henry Laurens_ 68 - - Payne, John Howard, among the Cherokees 327 - - PIKE, ALBERT 365 - - PINKNEY, EDWARD COATE 231 - - Plea for a Republic, _James Madison_ 111 - - Pocahontas,--Rescue of John Smith, _John Smith_ 35 - - POE, EDGAR ALLAN 276 - - Poet's Vision.--A Sonnet, _William Gilmore Simms_ 255 - - Political Patronage, _John C. Calhoun_ 167 - - Power of the Supreme Court, _John Marshall_ 117 - - Powhatan 35 - - Preference for Country Life, _George Tucker_ 142 - - PRENTICE, GEORGE DENISON 228 - - PRESTON, MRS. MARGARET JUNKIN 324 - - PRESTON, WILLIAM CAMPBELL 199 - - Prologue to Arms and the Man, _James Barren Hope_ 371 - - Prologue to Autobiography, _David Crockett_ 173 - - - Races in Virginia, 1765, _John Esten Cooke_ 351 - - RAMSAY, DAVID 103 - - RANDALL, JAMES RYDER 389 - - RANDOLPH, JOHN, OF ROANOKE 137 - - Raven, The, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 281 - - Red Eagle, or Weatherford, _A. B. Meek_ 302 - - Red Eagle and General Jackson 304 - - REID, CHRISTIAN, (FRANCES C. FISHER, MRS. TIERNAN) 407 - - Relations Between England and America, _J. L. M. Curry_ 322 - - Religion and Morality, _George Washington_ 81 - - Religious Freedom, _Thomas Jefferson_ 98 - - "Remember the Alamo!" 195 - - Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas, _John Smith_ 35 - - Resignation: or, Days of My Youth, _St. George Tucker_ 115 - - Revision of the State Constitution, _John Randolph_ 138 - - Revolutionary Object-Lesson, _John Drayton_ 128 - - Revolution Speech, 1775, _Patrick Henry_ 84 - - RIVES, AMÉLIE (MRS. CHANLER) 431 - - "Rope of sand" 186 - - Rubinstein's Playing, _George William Bagby_ 332 - - RYAN, ABRAM JOSEPH, (FATHER RYAN) 392 - - - Sage Conversation, A, _A. B. Longstreet_ 182 - - Salzburger Settlement in Georgia, 1734, _C. C. Jones, Jr._ 376 - - Sang-Digger,[2] The, _Amélie Rives_ 432 - - Savannah in 1735 378 - - Scenery at Harper's Ferry and at the Natural Bridge, - _Thomas Jefferson_ 95 - - Selecting the Site of Richmond and of Petersburg, 1733, - _William Byrd_ 58 - - Seminole War 313 - - Sergeant Jasper at Fort Moultrie, 1776, _David Ramsay_ 106 - - Sergeant Jasper at Savannah, 1779 107 - - Sidney Lanier, To, _Waitman Barbe_ 442 - - Siege of Fort Moultrie, _David Ramsay_ 106 - - SIMMS, WILLIAM GILMORE 252 - - Sketch in the Senate, February 5, 1850, _A. H. Stephens_ 298 - - Slavery, Remark on, _Patrick Henry_ 84 - - Slave, Master and 413 - - SMITH, CHARLES HENRY (BILL ARP) 326 - - SMITH, JOHN 33 - - Smith, John, Writings of 35 - - Song of the Chattahoochee, _Sidney Lanier_ 396 - - Sonnet: Dedication, _R. B. Wilson_ 407 - - Song: We Break the Glass, _E. C. Pinkney_ 233 - - Sonnet: Life ever seems, _Henry Timrod_ 344 - - Sonnet: October, _Paul H. Hayne_ 349 - - Sonnet: Poet's Vision, _William Gilmore Simms_ 255 - - South Before the War, The, _Henry W. Grady_ 413 - - Southern Literary Messenger 277, 317, 332 - - Southern "Mammy" and the Children 363 - - Speaking of Clay in the Senate, 1850, The 298 - - Spelling and Grammar (Prologue to Autobiography), - _David Crockett_ 173 - - Spirit and Wood-Sparrow, The, _Danske Dandridge_ 430 - - Sports of a Kentucky School in 1795, _James Lane Allen_ 399 - - Spotswood, Ex-Gov., and his Home in 1732 58 - - Star-Spangled Banner, _Francis Scott Key_ 151 - - State Sovereignty and Liberty, _Robert Y. Hayne_ 185 - - STEPHENS, ALEXANDER HAMILTON 296 - - Stonewall Jackson's Last Words 324 - - Storm Off the Bermudas, _Wm. Strachey_ 45 - - STRACHEY, WILLIAM 45 - - Sugar-Cane: Introduction into the United States 236 - - Sumpter and Marion, _David Ramsay_ 107 - - "Swamp-Fox," The 262 - - System of Our Government, _John C. Calhoun_ 164 - - - Tanis, _Amélie Rives_ 432 - - Tar-Baby, The, _Joel Chandler Harris_ 403 - - TERHUNE, MRS. MARY VIRGINIA (MARION HARLAND) 379 - - Texas Prairie and Cow-Boy's Song 339 - - The Land Where We Were Dreaming, _D. B. Lucas_ 388 - - The Spirit and the Wood-Sparrow, _Danske Dandridge_ 430 - - The South Before the War, _Henry W. Grady_ 413 - - THOMPSON, JOHN REUBEN 317 - - Tide Rising in the Marshes, _Sidney Lanier_ 397 - - TIERNAN, MRS. FRANCES C. (CHRISTIAN REID) 407 - - TIMROD, HENRY 341 - - To Be Right Above All, _Henry Clay_ 148 - - To Cadiz from Havanna, 1855, _Madame Le Vert_ 289 - - To Helen, _Edgar Allan Poe_ 279 - - Tohopeka, Battle of 302 - - TOOMBS, ROBERT 284 - - To the Mocking-Bird, _Albert Pike_ 365 - - Tree of the Dead, _C. E. A. Gayarré_ 240 - - Trip to Kentucky at Seven Years of Age, _Jefferson Davis_ 271 - - True Courage, _A. H. Stephens_ 301 - - TUCKER, ST. GEORGE 113 - - TUCKER, GEORGE 140 - - TUCKER, NATHANIEL BEVERLEY 167 - - TUCKER, ST. GEORGE H. 329 - - Tuscarora Indians and Their Legend of a Christ, _William - Byrd_ 65 - - - Under the Shade of the Trees, _Margaret J. Preston_ 324 - - Union and Liberty, _George Washington_ 77 - - University of Virginia, Establishment of, _George Tucker_ 143 - - - VANCE, ZEBULON BAIRD 358 - - Victory at Yorktown, 1781, _James Barren Hope_ 371 - - Virginia Dare, _F. L. Hawks_ 226 - - Virginian or American? _Patrick Henry_ 84 - - Virginians in a New Country, _Joseph G. Baldwin_ 294 - - Visit to Ex-Governor Spotswood, 1732, _William Byrd_ 58 - - Visit to the Hermitage 271 - - - War and Peace, _John C. Calhoun_ 164 - - WASHINGTON, GEORGE 71 - - Washington and the Hatchet 126 - - Washington's Advice to His Nephew, _George Washington_ 76 - - Washington, Character of, _James Madison_ 112 - - Washington's Farewell to the American People, 1796, - _George Washington_ 77 - - Washington and Lee, _James Barren Hope_ 372 - - Washington's Mother When a Girl 381 - - Washington's Mother at the Peace Ball 381 - - Washington's Speech in Congress on his Appointment as - Commander-in-Chief, 1775, _George Washington_ 74 - - Washington, Memorial Address in Congress, 1800, by - Henry Lee, 124 - - Weatherford, or Red Eagle 302 - - We Break the Glass,--Song, _E. C. Pinkney_ 233 - - WEEMS, MASON LOCKE 126 - - What is Music? _Sidney Lanier_ 397 - - Whippoorwill, The, _Madison Cawein_ 443 - - WILDE, RICHARD HENRY 178 - - WILSON, MRS. AUGUSTA EVANS 383 - - WILSON, ROBERT BURNS 405 - - WIRT, WILLIAM 131 - - Wise Choice, _John C. Calhoun_ 166 - - Woman's Duty, _Louisa S. M'Cord_ 292 - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[2] Ginseng-Digger. - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - PAGE - Captain John Smith 34 - - Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas 36 - - Jamestown, Va. The first permanent English settlement - in America 39 - - Storm at Sea 44 - - Sir Walter Raleigh 50 - - Westover, the Home of William Byrd 55 - - Evelyn Byrd 57 - - The Chapel, University of Georgia, Athens 62 - - The Tower of London 69 - - George Washington 72 - - Washington Taking the Oath of Office 75 - - Old St. John's Church, Richmond, Va. 83 - - Fort Moultrie, S. C. Fort Sumter in the Distance 88 - - Monticello, the Home of Jefferson 92 - - Harper's Ferry 96 - - Jasper Replacing the Flag 104 - - William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va. 114 - - University of Virginia 141 - - Henry Clay 146 - - Star-Spangled Banner and Seal of the United States 152 - - Scene in Louisiana 154 - - John Caldwell Calhoun and His Home 163 - - The Alamo, San Antonio, Texas 174 - - University of North Carolina 188 - - Old Plantation Home 200 - - State House, Columbia, S. C. Oppo. 211 - - Tulane University, New Orleans 234 - - Florida State Agricultural College 244 - - "Woodlands," the Home of W. Gilmore Simms 253 - - General R. E. Lee Oppo. 265 - - Washington and Lee University 267 - - Beauvoir, the Home of Jefferson Davis 273 - - Robert Toombs 285 - - University of Alabama 299 - - University of Kentucky 307 - - Osceola 312 - - Natural Bridge, Virginia 325 - - University of Mississippi 337 - - University of Texas (Main Building), Austin 347 - - State Capitol of North Carolina 359 - - Tomb of Mary, the Mother of Washington, Fredericksburg, Va. 380 - - General T. J. Jackson (Stonewall) Oppo. 388 - - Arkansas Industrial University 402 - - Mt. Mitchell, N. C. Above the Clouds 408 - - Grady Monument, Atlanta, Ga. 414 - - Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi 420 - - University of Tennessee, Knoxville 424 - - Model School, Peabody Normal College 433 - - Mississippi Industrial Institute and College for Girls Oppo. 446 - - - - -Southern Literature. - - - - -FIRST PERIOD ... 1579-1750. - - - - -JOHN SMITH. - -~1579=1631.~ - - -CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, the first writer of Virginia, was born at -Willoughby, England, and led a life of rare and extensive adventure. -"Lamenting and repenting," he says, "to have seen so many Christians -slaughter one another," in France and the Lowlands, he enlisted in the -wars against the Turks. He was captured by them and held prisoner for -a year, but escaped and travelled all over Europe. He finally joined -the expedition to colonize Virginia, and came over with the first -settlers of Jamestown in 1607. His life here is well known; he -remained with the colony two years. He afterwards returned to America -as Admiral of New England, but did not stay long. He spent the -remainder of his life in writing accounts of himself and his travels, -and of the colonies in America. - - -WORKS. - - True Relation (1608). - Map of Virginia (1612). - Description of New England (1616). - New England's Trials (1620). - Accidence for Young Seamen (1626). - Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer - Isles (1624). - True Travels (1630). - Advertisements for Inexperienced Planters of New England (1631). - -[Illustration: ~Captain John Smith.~] - -Captain Smith's style is honest and hearty in tone, picturesque, often -amusing, never tiresome. It is involved and ungrammatical at times, -but not obscure. The critics have professed to find many inaccuracies -of historical statement; but the following, from Professor Edward -Arber, the editor of the English Reprint of Smith's Works, will acquit -him of this charge: - - "Inasmuch as the accuracy of some of Captain Smith's - statements has, in this generation, been called in - question, it was but our duty to subject every one of - the nearly forty thousand lines of this book to a most - searching criticism; scanning every assertion of fact - most keenly, and making the Text, by the insertion of a - multitude of cross-references, prove or disprove itself. - - "The result is perfectly satisfactory. Allowing for a - popular style of expression, the Text is homogeneous; - and the nine books comprising it, though written under - very diverse circumstances, and at intervals over the - period of twenty-two years (1608-1630), contain no - material contradictions. Inasmuch, therefore, as - wherever we _can_ check Smith, we find him both modest - and accurate, we are led to think him so, where no such - check is possible, as at Nalbrits in the autumn of 1603, - and on the Chickahominy in the winter of 1607-'8." See - Life, by _Simms_, by _Warner_, and by _Eggleston_ in - "Pocahontas." - - -RESCUE OF CAPTAIN SMITH BY POCAHONTAS, OR MATOAKA. - -(_From Generall Historie._) - - [This extract from his "Generall Historie" is in the - words of a report by "eight gentlemen of the Jamestown - Colony." It is corroborated by Captain Smith's letter to - the Queen on the occasion of Pocahontas' visit to - England after her marriage to Mr. John Rolfe. Matoaka, - or Matoax, was her real name in her tribe, but it was - considered unlucky to tell it to the English strangers.] - -[Illustration: ~Rescue of Captain Smith by Pocahontas.~] - -At last they brought him [Smith] to _Meronocomoco_, where was -_Powhatan_ their Emperor. Here more than two hundred of those grim -Courtiers stood wondering at him, as he had beene a monster; till -_Powhatan_ and his trayne had put themselues in their greatest -braveries. Before a fire vpon a seat like a bedstead, he sat covered -with a great robe, made of _Rarowcun_ skinnes, and all the tayles -hanging by. On either hand did sit a young wench of 16 or 18 yeares; -and along on each side the house, two rowes of men, and behind them -as many women, with all their heads and shoulders painted red; many of -their heads bedecked with the white downe of Birds; but every one with -something; and a great chayne of white beads about their necks. - -At his entrance before the King, all the people gaue a great shout. -The Queene of _Appamatuck_ was appointed to bring him water to wash -his hands, and another brought him a bunch of feathers, in stead of a -Towell to dry them; having feasted him after their best barbarous -manner they could, a long consultation was held, but the conclusion -was, two great stones were brought before _Powhatan_; then as many as -could layd hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his -head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines, -_Pocahontas_, the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could -prevaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne vpon his to -saue him from death: whereat the Emperour was contented he should liue -to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper; for they -thought him as well of all occupations as themselues. For the King -himselfe will make his owne robes, shooes, bowes, arrowes, pots; -plant, hunt, or doe anything so well as the rest. - - _They say he bore a pleasant shew, - But sure his heart was sad. - For who can pleasant be, and rest, - That liues in feare and dread: - And having life suspected, doth - It still suspected lead._ - -Two dayes after, _Powhatan_ having disguised himselfe in the most -fearefullest manner he could, caused Captain _Smith_ to be brought -forth to a great house in the woods, and there vpon a mat by the fire -to be left alone. Not long after from behinde a mat that divided the -house, was made the most dolefullest noyse he ever heard; then -_Powhatan_, more like a devill than a man, with some two hundred more -as blacke as himselfe, came vnto him and told him now they were -friends, and presently he should goe to _James_ towne, to send him two -great gunnes, and a gryndstone, for which he would giue him the -Country of _Capahowosick_, and for ever esteeme him as his sonne -_Nantaquoud_. - -So to _James_ towne with 12 guides _Powhatan_ sent him. That night, -they quartered in the woods, he still expecting (as he had done all -this long time of his imprisonment) every houre to be put to one death -or other; for all their feasting. But almightie God (by his divine -providence) had mollified the hearts of those sterne _Barbarians_ with -compassion. The next morning betimes they came to the Fort, where -_Smith_ having vsed the Salvages with what kindnesse he could, he -shewed _Rawhunt_, _Powhatan's_ trusty servant, two demi-Culverings and -a millstone to carry _Powhatan_; they found them somewhat too heavie: -but when they did see him discharge them, being loaded with stones, -among the boughs of a great tree loaded with Isickles, the yce and -branches came so tumbling downe, that the poore Salvages ran away -halfe dead with feare. But at last we regained some conference with -them, and gaue them such toyes: and sent to _Powhatan_, his women, and -children such presents, as gaue them in generall full content. - - -OUR RIGHT TO THOSE COUNTRIES, TRUE REASONS FOR PLANTATIONS, RARE -EXAMPLES. - -(_From Advertisements for the Inexperienced._) - -Many good religious devout men have made it a great question, as a -matter in conscience, by what warrant they might goe to possesse those -Countries, which are none of theirs, but the poore Salvages. - -[Illustration: ~Jamestown, Va.~ - The first permanent English settlement in America.] - -Which poore curiosity will answer it selfe; for God did make the -world to be inhabited with mankind, and to have his name knowne to all -Nations, and from generation to generation: as the people increased, -they dispersed themselves into such Countries as they found most -convenient. And here in _Florida_, _Virginia_, _New-England_, and -_Cannada_, is more land than all the people in Christendome can manure -[_cultivate_], and yet more to spare than all the natives of those -Countries can use and culturate. And shall we here keepe such a coyle -for land, and at such great rents and rates, when there is so much of -the world uninhabited, and as much more in other places, and as good -or rather better than any wee possesse, were it manured and used -accordingly? - -If this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences; for a -copper knife and a few toyes, as beads and hatchets, they will sell -you a whole Countrey [_district_]; and for a small matter, their -houses and the ground they dwell upon; but those of the _Massachusets_ -have resigned theirs freely. - -Now the reasons for plantations are many. _Adam_ and _Eve_ did first -begin this innocent worke to plant the earth to remaine to posterity; -but not without labour, trouble, and industry. Noah and his family -began againe the second plantation, and their seed as it still -increased, hath still planted new Countries, and one Country another, -and so the world to that estate it is; but not without much hazard, -travell, mortalities, discontents, and many disasters; had those -worthy Fathers and their memorable offspring not beene more diligent -for us now in those ages, than wee are to plant that yet unplanted for -after-livers: Had the seed of _Abraham_, our Saviour Christ Jesus and -his Apostles, exposed themselves to no more dangers to plant the -Gospell wee so much professe, than we; even we our selves had at this -moment beene as Salvages, and as miserable as the most barbarous -Salvage, yet uncivilized. - -The _Hebrewes_, the _Lacedemonians_, the _Goths_, _Grecians_, -_Romans_, and the rest; what was it they would not undertake to -enlarge their Territories, inrich their subjects, and resist their -enemies? Those that were the founders of those great Monarchies and -their vertues, were no silvered idle golden Pharisees, but industrious -honest hearted Publicans; they regarded more provisions and -necessaries for their people, than jewels, ease, and delight for -themselves; riches was their servants, not their masters; they ruled -as fathers, not as tyrants; their people as children, not as slaves; -there was no disaster could discourage them; and let none thinke they -incountered not with all manner of incumbrances; and what hath ever -beene the worke of the best great Princes of the world, but planting -of Countries, and civilizing barbarous and inhumane Nations to -civility and humanity; whose eternall actions fils our histories with -more honour than those that have wasted and consumed them by warres. - -Lastly, the _Portugals_ and _Spaniards_ that first began plantations -in this unknowne world of _America_ till within this 140. yeares -[1476-1616], whose everlasting actions before our eyes, will testifie -our idlenesse and ingratitude to all posterity, and neglect of our -duty and religion we owe our God, our King, and Countrey, and want of -charity to those poore Salvages, whose Countries we challenge, use and -possesse: except wee be but made to marre what our forefathers made; -or but only tell what they did; or esteeme our selves too good to take -the like paines where there is so much reason, liberty, and action -offers it selfe. Having as much power and meanes as others, why should -English men despaire, and not doe as much as any? Was it vertue in -those Hero[e]s to provide that [which] doth maintaine us, and -basenesse in us to do the like for others to come? Surely no: then -seeing wee are not borne for ourselves but each to helpe other; and -our abilities are much alike at the howre of our birth and the minute -of our death: seeing our good deeds or bad, by faith in Christs -merits, is all wee have to carry our soules to heaven or hell: Seeing -honour is our lives ambition, and our ambition after death to have an -honourable memory of our life; and seeing by no meanes we would be -abated of the dignitie and glory of our predecessors, let us imitate -their vertues to be worthily their successors; or at least not hinder, -if not further, them that would and doe their utmost and best -endeavour. - - -ASCENT OF THE JAMES RIVER, 1607. - -(_From Newes from Virginia._) - -The two and twenty day of Aprill [_or rather May, 1607_], Captain -_Newport_ and myself with diuers others, to the number of twenty two -persons, set forward to discouer the Riuer, some fiftie or sixtie -miles, finding it in some places broader, and in some narrower, the -Countrie (for the moste part) on each side plaine high ground, with -many freshe Springes, the people in all places kindely intreating vs, -daunsing, and feasting vs with strawberries, Mulberies, Bread, Fish, -and other their Countrie prouisions whereof we had plenty; for which -Captaine _Newport_ kindely requited their least fauors with Bels, -Pinnes, Needles, beades, or Glasses, which so contented them that his -liberallitie made them follow vs from place to place, and euer kindely -to respect vs. In the midway staying to refresh our selues in a little -Ile foure or five sauages came vnto vs which described vnto vs the -course of the Riuer, and after in our iourney, they often met vs, -trading with vs for such prouision as wee had, and arriuing at -_Arsatecke_, hee whom we supposed to bee the chiefe King of all the -rest, moste kindely entertained vs, giuing vs in a guide to go with vs -vp the Riuer to _Powhatan_, of which place their great Emperor taketh -his name, where he that they honored for King vsed vs kindely. - -But to finish this discouerie, we passed on further, where within an -ile [_a mile_] we were intercepted with great craggy stones in the -midst of the riuer, where the water falleth so rudely, and with such a -violence, as not any boat can possibly passe, and so broad disperseth -the streame, as there is not past fiue or sixe Foote at a low water, -and to the shore scarce passage with a barge, the water floweth foure -foote, and the freshes by reason of the Rockes haue left markes of the -inundations 8. or 9. foote: The south side is plaine low ground, and -the north side high mountaines, the rockes being of a grauelly nature, -interlaced with many vains of glistring spangles. - -That night we returned to _Powhatan_: the next day (being Whitsunday -after dinner) we returned to the fals, leauing a mariner in pawn with -the Indians for a guide of theirs, hee that they honoured for King -followed vs by the riuer. That afternoone we trifled in looking vpon -the Rockes and riuer (further he would not goe) so there we erected a -crosse, and that night taking our man at _Powhatans_, Captaine -_Newport_ congratulated his kindenes with a Gown and a Hatchet: -returning to _Arsetecke_, and stayed there the next day to obserue the -height [_latitude_] thereof, and so with many signes of loue we -departed. - - - - -[Illustration: ~Storm at Sea.~] - - - - -WILLIAM STRACHEY. - - -WILLIAM STRACHEY[3] was an English gentleman who came over to Virginia -with Sir Thomas Gates in 1609, and was secretary of the Colony for -three years. Their ship, the _Sea Venture_, was wrecked on the -Bermudas in a terrible tempest, of which he gives the account that -follows. It is said to have suggested to Shakspere the scene of the -storm and hurricane in his "Tempest." - - -WORKS. - - A True Repertory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates - upon and from the Islands of the Bermudas. - Historie of Travaile into Virginia Brittania. - _Edited_ Lawes Divine, Morall, and Martiall. - -William Strachey's writings show a thoughtful and cultivated mind. His -style abounds in the long involved and often obscure sentences of his -times, but his subject matter is usually very interesting. Compare the -following selection with Shakspere's "Tempest," Act I., scene 1 and 2, -to "_Ariel, thy charge_." Notice the reference to _Bermoothes_ -(Bermudas). - - -A STORM OFF THE BERMUDAS. - -(_From A True Repertory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas -Gates._) - -On St. James his day, July 24, being Monday (preparing for no less all -the black night before) the clouds gathering thick upon us, and the -winds singing and whistling most unusually, which made us to cast off -our Pinnace, towing the same until then asterne, a dreadful storm and -hideous began to blow from out the Northeast, which, swelling and -roaring as it were by fits, some hours with more violence than others, -at length did beat all light from heaven, which, like an hell of -darkness, turned black upon us, so much the more fuller of horror, as -in such cases horror and fear use to overrun the troubled and -overmastered senses of all, while (taken up with amazement) the ears -lay so sensible to the terrible cries, and murmurs of the winds and -distraction of our Company, as who was most armed and best prepared, -was not a little shaken. . . - -For four and twenty hours the storm, in a restless tumult, had blown -so exceedingly, as we could not apprehend in our imaginations any -possibility of greater violence, yet did we still find it, not only -more terrible, but more constant, fury added to fury, and one storm -urging a second, more outrageous than the former, whether it so -wrought upon our fears, or indeed met with new forces. Sometimes -strikes in our Ship amongst women, and passengers not used to such -hurly and discomforts, made us look one upon the other with troubled -hearts, and panting bosoms, our clamors drowned in the winds, and the -winds in thunder. Prayers might well be in the heart and lips, but -drowned in the outcries of the Officers,--nothing heard that could -give comfort, nothing seen that might encourage hope. . . . . - -Our sails, wound up, lay without their use, and if at any time we bore -but a Hollocke, or half forecourse, to guide her before the Sea, six -and sometimes eight men, were not enough to hold the whip-staffe in -the steerage, and the tiller below in the Gunner room; by which may be -imagined the strength of the storm, in which the Sea swelled above the -Clouds and gave battle unto heaven. It could not be said to rain, the -waters like whole Rivers did flood in the ayre. And this I did still -observe, that whereas upon the Land, when a storm hath poured itself -forth once in drifts of rain, the wind as beaten down, and vanquished -therewith, not long after endureth,--here the glut of water (as if -throatling the wind ere while) was no sooner a little emptied and -qualified, but instantly the winds (as having gotten their mouths now -free and at liberty) spake more loud, and grew more tumultuous and -malignant. What shall I say? Winds and Seas were as mad as fury and -rage could make them. . . . . . . - -Howbeit this was not all; it pleased God to bring a greater affliction -yet upon us, for in the beginning of the storm we had received -likewise a mighty leak, and the ship in every joint almost having -spewed out her Okam, before we were aware (a casualty more desperate -than any other that a Voyage by Sea draweth with it) was grown five -feet suddenly deep with water above her ballast, and we almost drowned -within, whilest we sat looking when to perish from above. This, -imparting no less terror than danger, ran through the whole Ship with -much fright and amazement, startled and turned the blood, and took -down the braves of the most hardy Mariner of them all, insomuch as he -that before happily felt not the sorrow of others, now began to sorrow -for himself, when he saw such a pond of water so suddenly broken in, -and which he knew could not (with present avoiding) but instantly sink -him. . . . - -Once so huge a Sea brake upon the poop and quarter, upon us, as it -covered our ship from stern to stem, like a garment or a vast cloud. -It filled her brimful for a while within, from the hatches up to the -spar deck. . . - -Tuesday noon till Friday noon, we bailed and pumped two thousand tun, -and yet, do what we could, when our ship held least in her (after -Tuesday night second watch) she bore ten feet deep, at which stay our -extreme working kept her one eight glasses, forbearance whereof had -instantly sunk us; and it being now Friday, the fourth morning, it -wanted little but that there had been a general determination, to have -shut up hatches and commending our sinful souls to God, committed the -ship to the mercy of the sea. Surely that night we must have done it, -and that night had we then perished; but see the goodness and sweet -introduction of better hope by our merciful God given unto us. Sir -George Summers, when no man dreamed of such happiness, had discovered -and cried, "Land!" Indeed, the morning, now three-quarters spent, had -won a little clearness from the days before, and it being better -surveyed, the very trees were seen to move with the wind upon the -shore-side. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[3] Pronounced Str[va]k´ey. - - - - -JOHN LAWSON. - -~Died 1712.~ - - -JOHN LAWSON was a Scotch gentleman who came to America in 1700. In his -own words: "In the year 1700, when people flocked from all parts of -the Christian world, to see the solemnity of the grand jubilee at -Rome, my intention being at that time to travel, I accidentally met -with a gentlemen, who had been abroad, and was very well acquainted -with the ways of living in both Indies; of whom having made inquiry -concerning them, he assured me that Carolina was the best country I -could go to; and, that there then lay a ship in the Thames in which I -might have my passage." He resided in Carolina eight years. As "Gent. -Surveyor-General of North Carolina," he wrote his History of North -Carolina, which is an original, sprightly, and faithful account of the -eastern section of the State, and contains valuable matter for the -subsequent historian. It is dedicated to the Lords Proprietors of -Carolina, and was published in 1714. - -He was taken captive by the Tuscarora Indians, while on a surveying -trip, and was by them put to death in 1712 on the Neuse River in -North Carolina, because, said they, "he had taken their land," by -marking it off into sections. - - -WORK. - - History of North Carolina [rare]. - - -NORTH CAROLINA IN 1700-1708. - -(_From History of North Carolina, 1714._) - -The first discovery and settlement of this country was by the -procurement of Sir Walter Raleigh, in conjunction with some public -spirited gentlemen of that age, under the protection of queen -Elizabeth; for which reason it was then named Virginia, being begun on -that part called Ronoak Island, where the ruins of a fort are to be -seen at this day, as well as some old English coins which have been -lately found; and a brass gun, a powder horn, and one small -quarter-deck gun, made of iron staves, and hooped with the same metal; -which method of making guns might very probably be made use of in -those days for the convenience of infant colonies. . . . . . - -I cannot forbear inserting here a pleasant story that passes for an -uncontested truth amongst the inhabitants of this place; which is, -that the ship which brought the first colonies does often appear -amongst them, under sail, in a gallant posture, which they call Sir -Walter Raleigh's ship. And the truth of this has been affirmed to me -by men of the best credit in the country. - -[Illustration: ~Sir Walter Raleigh.~] - -A second settlement of this country was made about fifty years ago, in -that part we now call Albemarl county, and chiefly in Chuwon precinct, -by several substantial planters from Virginia and other plantations; -who finding mild winters, and a fertile soil beyond expectation, -producing everything that was planted to a prodigious increase; -. . . . so that everything seemed to come by nature, the husbandman -living almost void of care, and free from those fatigues which are -absolutely requisite in winter countries, for providing fodder and -other necessaries; these encouragements induced them to stand their -ground, although but a handful of people, seated at great distances -one from another, and amidst a vast number of Indians of different -nations, who were then in Carolina. - -Nevertheless, I say, the fame of this new discovered summer country -spread through the neighboring colonies, and in a few years drew a -considerable number of families thereto, who all found land enough to -settle themselves in (had they been many thousands more), and that -which was very good and commodiously seated both for profit and -pleasure. - -And, indeed, most of the plantations in Carolina naturally enjoy a -noble prospect of large and spacious rivers, pleasant savannas and -fine meadows, with their green liveries interwoven with beautiful -flowers of most glorious colors, which the several seasons afford; -hedged in with pleasant groves of the ever famous tulip tree, the -stately laurels and bays, equalizing the oak in bigness and growth, -myrtles, jessamines, woodbines, honeysuckles, and several other -fragrant vines and evergreens, whose aspiring branches shadow and -interweave themselves with the loftiest timbers, yielding a pleasant -prospect, shade and smell, proper habitations for the sweet singing -birds, that melodiously entertain such as travel through the woods of -Carolina. - -The Planters possessing all these blessings, and the produce of great -quantities of wheat and indian corn, in which this country is very -fruitful, as likewise in beef, pork, tallow, hides, deer skins, and -furs; for these commodities the new England men and Bermudians visited -Carolina in their barks and sloops, and carried out what they made, -bringing them in exchange, rum, sugar, salt, molasses, and some -wearing apparel, though the last at very extravagant prices. - -As the land is very fruitful, so are the planters kind and hospitable -to all that come to visit them; there being very few housekeepers but -what live very nobly, and give away more provisions to coasters and -guests who come to see them than they expend amongst their own -families. . . - -The easy way of living in that plentiful country makes a great many -planters very negligent, which, were they otherwise, that colony might -now have been in a far better condition than it is, as to trade and -other advantages, which an universal industry would have led them -into. The women are the most industrious sex in that place, and, by -their good housewifery, make a great deal of cloth of their own -cotton, wool and flax; some of them keeping their families, though -large, very decently appareled, both with linens and woolens, so that -they have no occasion to run into the merchants' debt, or lay their -money out on stores for clothing. - -. . . As for those women that do not expose themselves to the weather, -they are often very fair, and generally as well featured as you shall -see anywhere, and have very brisk, charming eyes which sets them off -to advantage. . . . . - -Both sexes are generally spare of body and not choleric, nor easily -cast down at disappointments and losses, seldom immoderately grieving -at misfortunes, unless for the loss of their nearest relations and -friends, which seems to make a more than ordinary impression upon -them. Many of the women are very handy in canoes and will manage them -with great dexterity and skill, which they become accustomed to in -this watery country. They are ready to help their husbands in any -servile work, as planting, when the season of the weather requires -expedition; pride seldom banishing good housewifery. The girls are -not bred up to the wheel and sewing only, but the dairy and the -affairs of the house they are very well acquainted withal; so that you -shall see them, whilst very young, manage their business with a great -deal of conduct and alacrity. The children of both sexes are very -docile and learn any thing with a great deal of care and method, and -those that have the advantages of education write very good hands, and -prove good accountants, which is most coveted, and, indeed, most -necessary in these parts. The young men are commonly of a bashful, -sober behaviour; few proving prodigals to consume what the industry of -their parents has left them, but commonly improve it. - - -HARVEST HOME OF THE INDIANS. - -(_From History of North Carolina._) - -They have a third sort of feasts and dances, which are always when the -harvest of corn is ended, and in the spring. The one to return thanks -to the good spirit for the fruits of the earth; the other, to beg the -same blessings for the succeeding year. And to encourage the young men -to labour stoutly in planting their maiz and pulse, they set up a sort -of idol in the field, which is dressed up exactly like an Indian, -having all the Indians habit, besides abundance of Wampum and their -money, made of shells, that hangs about his neck. The image none of -the young men dare approach; for the old ones will not suffer them to -come near him, but tell them that he is some famous Indian warrior -that died a great while ago, and now is come amongst them to see if -they work well, which if they do, he will go to the good spirit and -speak to him to send them plenty of corn, and to make the young men -all expert hunters and mighty warriors. All this while, the king and -old men sit around the image and seemingly pay a profound respect to -the same. One great help to these Indians in carrying on these -cheats, and inducing youth to do as they please, is, the uninterrupted -silence which is ever kept and observed with all the respect and -veneration imaginable. - -At these feasts which are set out with all the magnificence their fare -allows of, the masquerades begin at night and not before. There is -commonly a fire made in the middle of the house, which is the largest -in the town, and is very often the dwelling of their king or war -captain; where sit two men on the ground upon a mat; one with a -rattle, made of a gourd, with some beans in it; the other with a drum -made of an earthen pot, covered with a dressed deer skin, and one -stick in his hand to beat thereon; and so they both begin the song -appointed. At the same time one drums and the other rattles, which is -all the artificial music of their own making I ever saw amongst them. -To these two instruments they sing, which carries no air with it, but -is a sort of unsavory jargon; yet their cadences and raising of their -voices are formed with that equality and exactness that, to us -Europeans, it seems admirable how they should continue these songs -without once missing to agree, each with the others note and tune. - - - - -WILLIAM BYRD. - -~1674=1744.~ - - -WILLIAM BYRD, second of the name, and the first native Virginian -writer, was born at Westover, his father's estate on the James below -Richmond. - -[Illustration: ~Westover, Home of William Byrd.~] - -The following inscription on his tomb at Westover gives a sketch of -his life and services well worth preserving: - -"Here lies the Honourable William Byrd, Esq., being born to one of the -amplest fortunes in this country, he was sent early to England for -his education, where under the care and direction of Sir Robert -Southwell, and ever favoured with his particular instructions, he made -a happy proficiency in polite and various learning. By the means of -the same noble friend, he was introduced to the acquaintance of many -of the first persons of that age for knowledge, wit, virtue, birth, or -high station, and particularly contracted a most intimate and bosom -friendship with the learned and illustrious Charles Boyle, Earl of -Orrery. - -"He was called to the bar in the Middle Temple, studied for some time -in the Low Countries, visited the Court of France, and was chosen -Fellow of the Royal Society. Thus eminently fitted for the service and -ornament of his country, he was made receiver-general of his Majesty's -revenues here, was then appointed public agent to the Court and -Ministry of England, being thirty-seven years a member, at last became -president, of the Council of this Colony. - -"To all this were added a great elegancy of taste and life, the -well-bred gentleman, and polite companion, the splendid economist and -prudent father of a family, with the constant enemy of all exorbitant -power, and hearty friend to the liberties of his country. Nat. Mar. -28, 1674. Mort. Aug. 26, 1744. An. aetat. 70." - -His daughter Evelyn was famous both in England and Virginia for her -beauty, wit, and accomplishments. She died at the age of thirty, -1737.--See Century Magazine, 1891, Vol. 20, p. 163. - - -WORKS. - - Westover Manuscripts: - (1) History of the Dividing Line [the survey to settle the line - between Virginia and North Carolina, 1728.] - (2) A Journey to the Land of Eden [North Carolina, of which - Charles Eden was governor 1713-19.] - (3) A Progress to the Mines [Iron mines in Virginia which - Ex-Governor Alexander Spotswood and others were beginning - to open and work.] - -[Illustration: ~Evelyn Byrd.~ - Considered one of the most beautiful women in Virginia, or of her - time. - [FROM AN OLD PAINTING.]] - -His writings are among the most interesting that we have, being -remarkable for their wit and culture, a certain poetic vein, a keen -interest in nature, a simple religious faith, a fund of cheerful -courage and good sense, and a fine consideration for others. - - -SELECTING THE SITE OF RICHMOND AND PETERSBURG, SEPT., 1733. - -(_From A Journey to the Land of Eden._) - -When we got home, we laid the foundations of two large Citys. One at -Shacco's, to be called Richmond, and the other at the Point of -Appamattuck River, to be nam'd Petersburgh. These Major Mayo offered -to lay out into Lots without Fee or Reward. The Truth of it is, these -two places being the uppermost Landing of James and Appamattux Rivers, -are naturally intended for Marts, where the Traffick of the Outer -Inhabitants must Center. Thus we did not build Castles only, but also -Citys in the Air. - - -A VISIT TO EX-GOVERNOR SPOTSWOOD, 1732. - -(_From A Progress to the Mines._) - -Then I came into the Main County Road, that leads from Fredericksburgh -to Germanna, which last place I reacht in Ten Miles more. This famous -Town consists of Colo. Spotswood's enchanted Castle on one Side of the -Street, and a Baker's Dozen of ruinous Tenements on the other, where -so many German Familys had dwelt some Years ago; but are now remov'd -ten Miles higher, in the Fork of Rappahannock, to Land of their Own. -There had also been a Chappel about a Bow-Shot from the Colonel's -house, at the End of an Avenue of Cherry Trees, but some pious people -had lately burnt it down, with intent to get another built nearer to -their own homes. - -Here I arriv'd about three o clock, and found only Mrs. Spotswood at -Home, who receiv'd her Old acquaintance with many a gracious Smile. I -was carry'd into a Room elegantly set off with Pier Glasses, the -largest of which came soon after to an odd Misfortune. Amongst other -favourite Animals that cheer'd this Lady's Solitude, a Brace of Tame -Deer ran familiarly about the House, and one of them came to stare at -me as a Stranger. But unluckily Spying his own Figure in the Glass, he -made a spring over the Tea Table that stood under it, and shatter'd -the Glass to pieces, and falling-back upon the Tea Table, made a -terrible Fracas among the China. This Exploit was so sudden, and -accompany'd with such a Noise, that it surpriz'd me, and perfectly -frighten'd Mrs. Spotswood. But twas worth all the Damage to shew the -Moderation and good humour with which she bore this disaster. - -In the Evening, the noble Colo. came home from his Mines, who saluted -me very civilly, and Mrs. Spotswood's Sister, Miss Theky, who had been -to meet him _en Cavalier_, was so kind too as to bid me welcome. We -talkt over a Legend of old Storys, supp'd about 9, and then prattl'd -with the Ladys, til twas time for a Travellour to retire. In the mean -time I observ'd my old Friend to be very Uxorious, and exceedingly -fond of his Children. This was so opposite to the Maxims he us'd to -preach up before he was marryed, that I cou'd not forbear rubbing up -the Memory of them. But he gave a very good-natur'd turn to his Change -of Sentiments, by alleging that whoever brings a poor Gentlewoman into -so solitary a place, from all her Friends and acquaintance, wou'd be -ungrateful not to use her and all that belongs to her with all -possible Tenderness. - -We all kept Snug in our several apartments till Nine, except Miss -Theky, who was the Housewife of the Family. At that hour we met over a -Pot of Coffee, which was not quite strong enough to give us the Palsy. -After Breakfast the Colo. and I left the Ladys to their Domestick -Affairs, and took a turn in the Garden, which has nothing beautiful -but 3 Terrace Walks that fall in Slopes one below another. I let him -understand, that besides the pleasure of paying him a Visit, I came to -be instructed by so great a Master in the Mystery of Making of Iron, -wherein he had led the way, and was the Tubal Cain of Virginia. He -corrected me a little there, by assuring me he was not only the first -in this Country, but the first in North America, who had erected a -regular Furnace. . . That the 4 Furnaces now at work in Virginia -circulated a great Sum of Money for Provisions and all other -necessarys in the adjacent Countys. That they took off a great Number -of Hands from Planting Tobacco, and employ'd them in Works that -produced a large Sum of Money in England to the persons concern'd, -whereby the Country is so much the Richer. That they are besides a -considerable advantage to Great Britain, because it lessens the -Quantity of Bar Iron imported from Spain, Holland, Sweden, Denmark, -and Muscovy, which us'd to be no less than 20,000 Tuns yearly. . . - -Then I inquired after his own Mines, and hoped, as he was the first -that engaged in this great undertaking, that he had brought them to -the most perfection. . . He said it was true His works were of the -oldest Standing; but that his long absence in England, and the -wretched Management of Mr. Greame, whom he had entrusted with his -Affairs, had put him back very much. That what with Neglect and -Severity, above 80 of his Slaves were lost while he was in England, -and most of his Cattle starved. That his Furnace stood still great -part of the time, and all his Plantations ran to ruin. That indeed he -was rightly serv'd for committing his Affairs to the care of a -Mathematician, whose thoughts were always among the Stars. That -nevertheless, since his return, he had apply'd himself to rectify his -Steward's Mistakes, and bring his Business again into Order. That now -he contriv'd to do every thing with his own People, except raising the -Mine and running the Iron, by which he had contracted his Expence very -much. Nay, he believ'd that by his directions he cou'd bring sensible -Negroes to perform those parts of the work tolerably well. . . Our -Conversation on this Subject continued till Dinner, which was both -elegant and plentifull. - -The afternoon was devoted to the ladys, who shew'd me one of their -most beautiful Walks. They conducted me thro' a Shady Lane to the -Landing, and by the way made me drink some very fine Water that issued -from a Marble Fountain, and ran incessantly. Just behind it was a -cover'd Bench, where Miss Theky often sat and bewail'd her Virginity. -Then we proceeded to the River, which is the South Branch of -Rappahannock, about 50 Yards wide, and so rapid that the Ferry Boat is -drawn over by a Chain, and therefore called the Rapidan. At night we -drank prosperity to all the Colonel's Projects in a Bowl of Rack -Punch, and then retired to our Devotions. - -[Illustration: ~The Chapel, University of Georgia, at Athens. Erected -1832.~] - - -DISMAL SWAMP. - -(_From The Dividing Line._) - -_1728, March._--Tis hardly credible how little the Bordering -inhabitants were acquainted with this mighty Swamp, notwithstanding -they had liv'd their whole lives within Smell of it. Yet, as great -Strangers as they were to it, they pretended to be very exact in their -Account of its Demensions, and were positive it could not be above 7 -or 8 Miles wide, but knew no more of the Matter than Star-gazers know -of the Distance of the Fixt Stars. At the Same time, they were Simple -enough to amuse our Men with Idle Stories of the Lyons, Panthers, -and Alligators, they were like to encounter in that dreadful Place. - -In short, we saw plainly there was no Intelligence of this Terra -Incognita to be got, but from our own Experience. For that Reason it -was resolv'd to make the requisite Disposition to enter it next -Morning. We alloted every one of the Surveyors for this painful -Enterprise, with 12 Men to attend them. . . . . . . - -Besides this Luggage at their Backs, they were oblig'd to measure the -distance, mark the Trees, and clear the way for the Surveyors every -step they went. It was really a Pleasure to see with how much -Cheerfulness they undertook, and with how much Spirit they went thro' -all this Drudgery. . . . . . . . . . - -Altho' there was no need of Example to inflame Persons already so -cheerful, yet to enter the People with the better grace, the Author -and two more of the Commissioners accompanied them half a Mile into -the Dismal. The Skirts of it were thinly Planted with Dwarf Reeds and -Gall-Bushes, but when we got into the Dismal itself, we found the -Reeds grew there much taller and closer, and, to mend the matter, was -so interlac'd with bamboe-briars, that there was no scuffling thro' -them without the help of Pioneers. At the same time, we found the -Ground moist and trembling under our feet like a Quagmire, insomuch -that it was an easy Matter to run a Ten-Foot-Pole up to the Head in -it, without exerting any uncommon Strength to do it. - -Two of the Men, whose Burthens were the least cumbersome, had orders -to march before, with their Tomahawks, and clear the way, in order to -make an Opening for the Surveyors. By their Assistance we made a Shift -to push the Line half a Mile in 3 Hours, and then reacht a small piece -of firm Land, about 100 Yards wide, Standing up above the rest like -an Island. Here the people were glad to lay down their Loads and take -a little refreshment, while the happy man, whose lot it was to carry -the Jugg of Rum, began already, like Æsop's Bread-Carriers, to find it -grow a good deal lighter. . . . . . . - -Since the Surveyors had enter'd the Dismal, they had laid Eyes on no -living Creature: neither Bird nor Beast, Insect nor Reptile came in -View. Doubtless, the Eternal Shade that broods over this mighty Bog, -and hinders the sun-beams from blessing the Ground, makes it an -uncomfortable Habitation for any thing that has life. Not so much as a -Zealand Frog cou'd endure so Aguish a Situation. - -It had one Beauty, however, that delighted the Eye, tho' at the -Expense of all the other Senses; the Moisture of the Soil preserves a -continual Verdure, and makes every Plant an Evergreen, but at the same -time the foul Damps ascend without ceasing, corrupt the Air, and -render it unfit for Respiration. Not even a Turkey-Buzzard will -venture to fly over it, no more than the Italian Vultures will over -the filthy Lake Avernus, or the Birds of the Holy Land over the Salt -Sea, where Sodom and Gomorrah formerly stood. - -. . . . . . . . . - -_How they Slept in the Dismal Swamp._--They first cover'd the Ground -with Square Pieces of Cypress bark, which now, in the Spring, they -cou'd easily Slip off the Tree for that purpose. On this they Spread -their Bedding; but unhappily the Weight and Warmth of their Bodies -made the Water rise up betwixt the Joints of the Bark, to their great -Inconvenience. Thus they lay not only moist, but also exceedingly -cold, because their Fires were continually going out. . . . . . . . - -We could get no Tidings yet of our Brave Adventurers, notwithstanding -we despacht men to the likeliest Stations to enquire after them. They -were still Scuffleing in the Mire, and could not Possibly forward the -Line this whole day more than one Mile and 64 Chains. Every Step of -this Day's Work was thro' a cedar Bog, where the Trees were somewhat -Smaller and grew more into a Thicket. It was now a great Misfortune to -the Men to find their Provisions grow less as their Labour grew -greater. . . . Tho' this was very severe upon English Stomachs, yet -the People were so far from being discomfited at it, that they still -kept up their good Humour, and merrily told a young Fellow in the -Company, who lookt very Plump and Wholesome, that he must expect to go -first to Pot, if matters shou'd come to Extremity. - -This was only said by way of Jest, yet it made Him thoughtful in -earnest. However, for the present he return'd them a very civil -answer, letting them know that, dead or alive, he shou'd be glad to be -useful to such worthy good friends. But, after all, this Humourous -Saying had one very good effect; for that younker, who before was a -little enclin'd by his Constitution to be lazy, grew on a Sudden -Extreamly Industrious, that so there might be less Occasion to -carbonade him for the good of his Fellow-Travellers. - - -THE TUSCARORA INDIANS AND THEIR LEGEND OF A CHRIST. - -(_From History of the Dividing Line._) - -_1729, November._--By the Strength of our Beef, we made a shift to -walk about 12 Miles, crossing Blowing and Tewaw-homini Creeks. And -because this last Stream receiv'd its Appellation from the Disaster of -a Tuscarora Indian, it will not be Straggling much out of the way to -say something of that Particular Nation. - -These Indians were heretofore very numerous and powerful, making, -within time of Memory, at least a Thousand Fighting Men. Their -Habitation, before the War with Carolina, was on the North Branch of -Neuse River, commonly call'd Connecta Creek, in a pleasant and -fruitful Country. But now the few that are left of that Nation live on -the North Side of MORATUCK, which is all that Part of Roanok below the -great Falls, towards ALBEMARLE Sound. - -Formerly there were Seven Towns of these Savages, lying not far from -each other, but now their Number is greatly reduc'd. . . . . . . . - -These Indians have a very odd Tradition amongst them, that many years -ago, their Nation was grown so dishonest, that no man cou'd keep any -Goods, or so much as his loving Wife to himself. That, however, their -God, being unwilling to root them out for their crimes, did them the -honour to send a Messenger from Heaven to instruct them, and set Them -a perfect Example of Integrity and kind Behaviour towards one another. - -But this holy Person, with all his Eloquence and Sanctity of Life, was -able to make very little Reformation amongst them. Some few Old men -did listen a little to his Wholesome Advice, but all the Young fellows -were quite incorrigible. They not only Neglected his Precepts, but -derided and Evil Entreated his Person. At last, taking upon Him to -reprove some Young Rakes of the Conechta Clan very sharply for their -impiety, they were so provok'd at the Freedom of his Rebukes, that -they tied him to a Tree, and shot him with Arrows through the Heart. -But their God took instant Vengeance on all who had a hand in that -Monstrous Act, by Lightning from Heaven, & has ever since visited -their Nation with a continued Train of Calamities, nor will he ever -leave off punishing, and wasting their People, till he shall have -blotted every living Soul of them out of the World. - - - - -SECOND PERIOD ... 1750-1800. - - - - -HENRY LAURENS. - -~1724=1792.~ - - -HENRY LAURENS, one of the patriot-fathers of our country, was born in -Charleston, South Carolina. He was educated in his native city, and, -becoming a merchant, amassed a fortune in business. In 1771 he -travelled with his children in Europe in order to educate them. -Returning home he became in 1775 a member of the Provincial Congress, -and on Hancock's resignation, president of the Continental Congress. -He was appointed in 1779 minister to Holland, and on his way was -captured by the British and confined in the Tower fifteen months. He -became acquainted with Edmund Burke while in London. He was twice -offered pardon if he would serve the British Ministry, but of course -he declined. During this imprisonment, his son John, called the -"Bayard of the Revolution" for his daring bravery, was killed in -battle. - -After his release, being exchanged for Lord Cornwallis, he was -appointed one of the ministers to negotiate peace in 1782. His health -was so impaired by the cruel treatment of his jailers, that he could -take no further active part in affairs, and he passed the rest of his -life in the retirement of his plantation. On his death, his body was -burned, according to his express will, the first instance, in this -country, of cremation. - -His daughter Martha married Dr. David Ramsay, the historian. - - -WORKS. - - Political Papers [some of which have been published by the South - Carolina Historical Society]. - -These are of great value in a study of the Revolutionary times. - - -A PATRIOT IN THE TOWER. - -(_From Narrative of his Confinement in the Tower._) - -[Illustration: ~Tower of London.~] - -About 11 o'clock at night I was sent under a strong guard, up three -pair of stairs in Scotland Yard, into a very small chamber. Two king's -messengers were placed for the whole night at one door, and a -subaltern's guard of soldiers at the other. As I was, and had been for -some days, so ill as to be incapable of getting into or out of a -carriage, or up or down stairs, without help, I looked upon all this -parade to be calculated for intimidation. My spirits were good and I -smiled inwardly. The next morning, 6th October, from Scotland Yard, I -was conducted again under guard to the secretary's office, White -Hall. . . I was first asked, by Lord Stormont, "If my name was Henry -Laurens." "Certainly, my Lord, that is my name." . . . . His Lordship -then said, "Mr. Laurens, we have a paper here" (holding the paper up), -"purporting to be a commission from Congress to you, to borrow money -in Europe for the use of Congress." . . . I replied, "My Lords, your -Lordships are in possession of the paper, and will make such use of it -as your Lordships shall judge proper." I had not destroyed this paper, -as it would serve to establish the rank and character in which I was -employed by the United States. . . . . From White Hall, I was -conducted in a close hackney coach, under the charge of Colonel -Williamson, a polite, genteel officer, and two of the illest-looking -fellows I had ever seen. The coach was ordered to proceed by the -most private ways to the Tower. It had been rumored that a rescue -would be attempted. At the Tower the Colonel delivered me to Major -Gore, the residing Governor, who, as I was afterwards well informed, -had previously concerted a plan for mortifying me. He ordered rooms -for me in the most conspicuous part of the Tower (the parade). The -people of the house, particularly the mistress, entreated the Governor -not to burthen them with a prisoner. He replied, "It is necessary. I -am determined to expose him." This was, however, a lucky determination -for me. The people were respectful and kindly attentive to me, from -the beginning of my confinement to the end; and I contrived, after -being told of the Governor's humane declaration, so to garnish my -windows by honeysuckles, and a grape-vine running under them, as to -conceal myself entirely from the sight of starers, and at the same -time to have myself a full view of them. Governor Gore conducted me to -my apartments at a warder's house. As I was entering the house, I -heard some of the people say, "Poor old gentleman, bowed down with -infirmities. He is come to lay his bones here." My reflection was, "I -shall not leave a bone with you." - -I was very sick, but my spirits were good, and my mind foreboding good -from the event of being a prisoner in London. Their Lordships' orders -were: "To confine me a close prisoner; to be locked up every night; to -be in the custody of two wardens, who were not to suffer me to be out -of their sight _one moment_, day or night; to allow me no liberty of -speaking to any person, nor to permit any person to speak to me; to -deprive me of the use of pen and ink; to suffer no letter to be -brought to me, nor any to go from me," etc. As an apology, I presume -for their first rigor, the wardens gave me their orders to peruse. . . - -And now I found myself a close prisoner, indeed; shut up in two small -rooms, which together made about twenty feet square; a warder my -constant companion; and a fixed bayonet under my window; not a friend -to converse with, and no prospect of a correspondence. . . . - -_September 23d._--For some time past I have been frequently and -strongly tempted to make my escape from the Tower, assured, "It was -the advice and desire of all my friends, the thing might be easily -effected, the face of American affairs was extremely gloomy. That I -might have eighteen hours' start before I was missed; time enough to -reach Margate and Ostend; that it was believed there would be no -pursuit," etc., etc. I had always said, "I hate the name of a -runaway." At length I put a stop to farther applications by saying, "I -will not attempt an escape. The gates were opened for me to enter; -they shall be opened for me to go out of the Tower. God Almighty sent -me here for some purpose. I am determined to see the end of it." - - - - -GEORGE WASHINGTON. - -~1732=1799.~ - - -GEORGE WASHINGTON'S life is so well known, it is so simple, so grand, -that a few words can tell it, and yet volumes would not exhaust it. -His mother's remark, "George was always a good son," sums up his -character; and his title, "Father of his Country," sums up his -life-work. - -[Illustration: ~George Washington.~] - -He was born at Pope's Creek, Westmoreland County, Virginia, and became -a surveyor, being employed in that capacity at the early age of -sixteen by Lord Fairfax, governor of Virginia. He joined the English -troops sent under General Braddock against the French in 1756, and his -bravery and good sense in this expedition gained him great renown. In -1775 he was made commander-in-chief of the American forces against -the English and he conducted the war of the Revolution to a successful -issue in 1783. He was the first president of the United States, being -elected in 1789, and again in 1793, declining a third term in 1797. He -retired to private life at Mt. Vernon, his home in Virginia. Here he -died, and here he lies buried, his tomb being a shrine of pilgrimage -for all his countrymen and admirers. - -Innumerable monuments rise all over our land commemorating his virtues -and pointing him out as a model for the youth of America. One of the -finest is that at Richmond, designed by Crawford, an equestrian statue -in bronze, surrounded by colossal figures of Jefferson, Mason, Patrick -Henry, Lewis, Marshall, and Nelson. The marble statue by Houdon in the -Capitol at Richmond is considered the best figure of Washington; it -was done from life in 1788. Other noble memorials are the Column at -Baltimore, and the great obelisk at Washington City, called the -Washington Monument, the latter designed by Robert Mills, of South -Carolina, and intended originally to have a colonnade around the base -containing the statues of the illustrious men of our country. - - -WORKS. - - State Papers, Addresses, Letters--12 volumes. - -Washington's writings are like his character, simple, clear, sensible, -without any pretensions to special culture or literary grace. These -extracts show his modesty, his love of truth, and his general good -sense. See under _Madison_, _Weems_, and _Henry Lee_. - - -AN HONEST MAN. - -I hope I shall always possess firmness and virtue enough to maintain, -what I consider the most enviable of all titles, the character of an -"honest man."--_Moral Maxims._ - - -HOW TO ANSWER CALUMNY. - -To persevere in one's duty and be silent is the best answer to -calumny.--_Moral Maxims._ - - -CONSCIENCE. - -Labour to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial -fire,--conscience.--_Rule from the Copy-book of Washington when a -school boy._ - - -ON HIS APPOINTMENT AS COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF. - -[_Delivered in Congress, 16 June, 1775._] - -Mr. President: Though I am truly sensible of the high honor done me, -in this appointment, yet I feel great distress, from a consciousness -that my abilities and military experience may not be equal to the -extensive and important trust. However, as the Congress desire it, I -will enter upon the momentous duty, and exert every power I possess in -their service, and for the support of the glorious cause. I beg they -will accept my most cordial thanks for this distinguished testimony of -their approbation. - -But, lest some unlucky event should happen, unfavorable to my -reputation, I beg it may be remembered by every gentleman in the room, -that I, this day, declare with the utmost sincerity, I do not think -myself equal to the command I am honored with. - -As to pay, Sir, I beg leave to assure the Congress, that, as no -pecuniary consideration could have tempted me to accept this arduous -employment, at the expense of my domestic ease and happiness, I do not -wish to make any profit from it. I will keep an exact account of my -expenses. Those, I doubt not, they will discharge, and that is all I -desire. - -[Illustration: ~Washington Taking the Oath of Office.~] - - -A MILITARY DINNER-PARTY. - -[_Letter to Dr. John Cochran, West Point, 16 August, 1779._] - -Dear Doctor: I have asked Mrs. Cochran and Mrs. Livingston to dine -with me to-morrow; but am I not in honor bound to apprise them of -their fare? As I hate deception, even where the imagination only is -concerned, I will. It is needless to premise, that my table is large -enough to hold the ladies. Of this they had ocular proof yesterday. To -say how it is usually covered, is rather more essential; and this -shall be the purport of my letter. - -Since our arrival at this happy spot, we have had a ham, sometimes a -shoulder of bacon, to grace the head of the table; a piece of roast -beef adorns the foot; and a dish of beans, or greens, almost -imperceptible, decorates the centre. When the cook has a mind to cut a -figure, which I presume will be the case to-morrow, we have two -beef-steak pies, or dishes of crabs, in addition, one on each side of -the centre dish, dividing the space and reducing the distance between -dish and dish to about six feet, which without them would be near -twelve feet apart. Of late he has had the surprising sagacity to -discover, that apples will make pies; and it is a question, if, in the -violence of his efforts, we do not get one of apples, instead of -having both of beef-steaks. If the ladies can put up with such -entertainment, and will submit to partake of it on plates, once tin -but now iron (not become so by the labor of scouring), I shall be -happy to see them; and am, dear Doctor, yours, etc. - - -ADVICE TO A FAVORITE NEPHEW. - -[_From a Letter to Bushrod Washington.--Newburgh, 15 Jan., 1783._] - -Remember, that it is not the mere study of the law, but to become -eminent in the profession of it, that is to yield honor and profit. -The first was your choice; let the second be your ambition. -Dissipation is incompatible with both; the company, in which you will -improve most, will be least expensive to you; and yet I am not such a -stoic as to suppose that you will, or to think it right that you -should, always be in company with senators and philosophers; but of -the juvenile kind let me advise you to be choice. It is easy to make -acquaintances, but very difficult to shake them off, however irksome -and unprofitable they are found, after we have once committed -ourselves to them. The indiscretions, which very often they -involuntarily lead one into, prove equally distressing and -disgraceful. - -Be courteous to all, but intimate with few; and let those few be well -tried before you give them your confidence. True friendship is a plant -of slow growth, and must undergo and withstand the shocks of adversity -before it is entitled to the appellation. - -Let your heart feel for the distresses and afflictions of every one, -and let your hand give in proportion to your purse; remembering always -the estimation of the widow's mite, but, that it is not every one who -asketh, that deserveth charity; all, however, are worthy of the -inquiry, or the deserving may suffer. - -Do not conceive that fine clothes make fine men, any more than fine -feathers make fine birds. A plain, genteel dress is more admired, and -obtains more credit, than lace and embroidery, in the eyes of the -judicious and sensible. - - -PASSAGES FROM THE FAREWELL ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES, -1796. - -_Union and Liberty._--Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every -ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to -fortify or confirm the attachment. - -The unity of government which constitutes you one people, is also now -dear to you. It is justly so; for it is a main pillar in the edifice -of your real independence; the support of your tranquillity at home; -your peace abroad; of your safety; of your prosperity; of that very -liberty which you so highly prize. But, as it is easy to foresee, that -from different causes, and from different quarters, much pains will be -taken, many artifices employed, to weaken in your minds the conviction -of this truth; as this is the point in your political fortress against -which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most -constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) -directed; it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate -the immense value of your national union to your collective and -individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and -immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak -of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; -watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety; discountenancing -whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, in any event, be -abandoned; and indignantly frowning upon the first dawning of every -attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to -enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts. - -For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens -by birth, or choice, of a common country, that country has a right to -concentrate your affections. The name of American, which belongs to -you in your national capacity, must always exalt the just pride of -patriotism, more than any appellation derived from local -discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same -religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have, in a -common cause, fought and triumphed together; the independence and -liberty you possess, are the work of joint counsels, and joint -efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and successes. - -But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves -to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those which apply more -immediately to your interest. Here, every portion of our country finds -the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the -union of the whole. . . . . - -. . . While then every part of our country thus feels an immediate and -particular interest in union, all the parts combined cannot fail to -find in the united mass of means and efforts, greater strength, -greater resource, proportionably greater security from external -danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign -nations; and, what is of inestimable value, they must derive from -union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves, -which so frequently afflict neighbouring countries not tied together -by the same government; which their own rivalships alone would be -sufficient to produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, -attachments, and intrigues, would stimulate and imbitter. Hence, -likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those overgrown military -establishments, which under any form of government are inauspicious to -liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to -republican liberty. In this sense it is, that your union ought to be -considered as a main prop of your liberty, and that the love of the -one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other. . . . . - -_Party Spirit._--I have already intimated to you the danger of parties -in the State, with particular references to the founding them on -geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive -view, and warn you in the most solemn manner, against the baleful -effects of the spirit of party generally. - -This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its -root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists under -different shapes in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, -or repressed; but in those of the popular form, it is seen in its -greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. - -The alternate domination of one faction over another, sharpened by the -spirit of revenge natural to party dissensions, which in different -ages and countries has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is -itself a frightful despotism. But this leads at length to a more -formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which -result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose -in the absolute power of an individual; and, sooner or later, the -chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his -competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own -elevation on the ruins of public liberty. - -Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind (which -nevertheless ought not to be entirely out of sight), the common and -continual mischiefs of the spirit of party, are sufficient to make it -the interest and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain -it. . . . . - -There is an opinion that parties in free countries are useful checks -upon the administration of the government, and serve to keep alive the -spirit of liberty. This, within certain limits, is probably true; and, -in governments of a monarchical cast, patriotism may look with -indulgence, if not with favour, upon the spirit of party. But in those -of the popular character, in governments purely elective, it is a -spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it is -certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutary -purpose. And there being constant danger of excess, the effort ought -to be, by force of public opinion, to mitigate and assuage it. A fire -not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent it -bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume. - -_Religion and Morality._--Of all the dispositions and habits which -lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indispensable -supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism, who -should labour to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these -firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, -equally with the pious man, ought to respect and to cherish them. A -volume could not trace all their connections with private and public -felicity. Let it simply be asked, where is the security for property, -for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation -_desert_ the oaths which are the instruments of investigation in -courts of justice? - -And let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be -maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influence -of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and -experience both forbid us to expect, that national morality can -prevail in exclusion of religious principle. - -It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is a necessary -spring of popular government. The rule, indeed, extends with more or -less force to every species of free government. Who that is a sincere -friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the -foundation of the fabrick? . . . . - -Observe good faith and justice towards all nations; cultivate peace -and harmony with all. Religion and morality enjoin this conduct; and -can it be that good policy does not equally enjoin it? It will be -worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a great -nation, to give to mankind the magnanimous and too novel example of a -people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. Who can -doubt but, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan -would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by a -steady adherence to it; can it be that Providence has not connected -the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue? The experiment, at -least, is recommended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature. - - - - -PATRICK HENRY. - -~1736=1799.~ - - -This great orator was born at Studley, Hanover County, Virginia; and, -while his early education in books was not extensive, he studied man -and nature from life very deeply and thoroughly. He attempted farming -and merchandising for some years, then read law and at the age of -twenty-four was admitted to the bar where his splendid powers had full -scope. In 1765 he was elected to the State Legislature, or House of -Burgesses, as it was then called. - -In the words of Thomas Jefferson, "Mr. Henry certainly gave the first -impulse to the ball of the Revolution." During the war, he served at -first in the field, and later in the Legislature, and as governor, -being elected three times. He retired from public life in 1791 and -devoted himself to his law practice, by which he gained wealth. - -[Illustration: ~Old St. John's Church, Richmond, Va.~] - -His most famous speech was delivered before the Convention sitting in -council in the old St. John's Church, Richmond, 1775, after the House -of Burgesses had been dissolved by the royal governor. An extract from -this speech, as given in Wirt's "Life of Henry," follows. No -faithfully exact copy of his speeches is preserved, for he never -wrote them out, and his eloquence was so overmastering that no one -could listen and report at the same time. He takes his place among the -great orators of the world. - - -WORKS. - - Speeches, legal and political, (as they have been gathered from - traditionary reports). - -See his Life by _Wirt_, _Tyler_, and _W. W. Henry_, his grandson. - - -REMARK ON SLAVERY. - -Slavery is detested. We feel its fatal effects. We deplore it with all -the pity of humanity. - - -NOT BOUND BY STATE LINES, (from the opening speech of the first -Continental Congress, 1774.) - -I am not a Virginian. I am an American. - - -IF THIS BE TREASON, (Speech in House of Burgesses, 1765.) - -Cæsar had his Brutus--Charles the First, his Cromwell,--and George the -Third--("Treason!" cried the Speaker)--_may profit by their example_. -If _this_ be treason, make the most of it. - - -THE FAMOUS REVOLUTION SPEECH, 1775. - -(_From Wirt's Life of Henry._) - -"Mr. President," said he, "it is natural to man to indulge in the -illusions of hope. We are apt to shut our eyes against a painful -truth--and listen to the song of that siren, till she transforms us -into beasts. Is this," he asked, "the part of wise men, engaged in a -great and arduous struggle for liberty? Were we disposed to be of the -number of those, who having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, -the things which so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For his -part, whatever anguish of spirit it might cost, _he_ was willing to -know the whole truth; to know the worst, and provide for it." - -"He had," he said, "but one lamp by which his feet were guided; and -that was the lamp of experience. He knew of no way of judging of the -future but by the past. And judging by the past, he wished to know -what there had been in the conduct of the British ministry for the -last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentlemen had been -pleased to solace themselves and the house? Is it that insidious smile -with which our petition has been lately received? Trust it not, sir; -it will prove a snare to your feet. Suffer not yourselves to be -betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves how this gracious reception of -our petition comports with those warlike preparations which cover our -waters and darken our land. Are fleets and armies necessary to a work -of love and reconciliation? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be -reconciled, that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us -not deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and -subjugation,--the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask -gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be not -to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other possible -motive for it? Has Great Britain any enemy in this quarter of the -world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and armies? No, -sir, she has none. They are meant for us; they can be meant for no -other. They are sent over to bind and rivet upon us those chains which -the British ministry have been so long forging. And what have we [to] -oppose to them? Shall we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that -for the last ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the -subject? Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which -it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to -entreaty and humble supplication? What terms shall we find, which have -not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech you, sir, deceive -ourselves longer. Sir, we have done everything that could be done, to -avert the storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned--we have -remonstrated--we have supplicated--we have prostrated ourselves before -the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the -tyrannical hands of the ministry and parliament. Our petitions have -been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and -insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been -spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne. In vain, after -these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and -reconciliation. _There is no longer any room for hope._ If we wish to -be free--if we mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges -for which we have been so long contending--if we mean not basely to -abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so long engaged, and -which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon, until the glorious -object of our contest shall be obtained--we must fight!--I repeat it, -sir, we must fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of hosts, is all -that is left us!" - -"They tell us, sir," continued Mr. Henry, "that we are weak--unable to -cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? -Will it be the next week or the next year? Will it be when we are -totally disarmed and when a British guard shall be stationed in every -house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we -acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our -backs, and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies -shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak, if we make a -proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our -power. Three millions of people armed in the holy cause of liberty -and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any -force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not -fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the -destinies of nations and who will raise up friends to fight our -battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to -the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no -election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to -retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission and -slavery! Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the -plains of Boston! The war is inevitable--and let it come!! I repeat -it, sir, let it come!!! - -"It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, -peace, peace,--but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The -next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash -of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand -we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is -life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of -chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God--I know not what course -others may take; but as for me," cried he, with both his arms extended -aloft, his brows knit, every feature marked with the resolute purpose -of his soul, and his voice swelled to its boldest note of -exclamation,--"give me liberty, or give me death!" See also under -_Wirt_. - - - - -WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON. - -~1742=1779.~ - -[Illustration: ~Fort Moultrie, S. C. Fort Sumter in the Distance.~] - - -WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON was born at "Drayton Hall," on the Ashley River, -South Carolina, and was sent in 1753 to England to be educated. He -went in the care of Chief-Justice Charles Pinckney, who was taking -his two sons, Charles Cotesworth and Thomas, for the same purpose. He -returned home in 1764, studied law, and in 1771 was appointed by the -king privy-councillor for South Carolina. He espoused, however, the -cause of the Revolution, with ardor, and was chosen president of the -Council of Safety and of the Provincial Congress. As Chief-Justice of -the State, he declared that the king "had abdicated the government and -had no more authority over the people of South Carolina." He also -dealt with the Indians and exercised a wholesome influence over them -in behalf of the State. - -He left in manuscript valuable state papers and a narrative of the -early part of the Revolution, which his son, Governor John Drayton, -edited and published, and from which the extract is taken. His style -is clear, simple, and flowing. - - -GEORGE III.'s ABDICATION OF POWER IN AMERICA. - -[_From the Charge to the Grand Jury of Charleston District, 1776._] - -Thus, as I have on the foot of the best authorities made it evident, -that George III. King of Britain, has endeavoured to subvert the -constitution of this country, by breaking the original contract -between king and people; by the advice of wicked persons has violated -the fundamental laws; and has withdrawn himself by withdrawing the -constitutional benefits of the kingly office, and his protection out -of this country; from such a result of injuries, from such a -conjuncture of circumstances--the law of the land authorizes me to -declare, and it is my duty boldly to declare the law, that George III. -King of Britain, has abdicated the government, and that the throne is -thereby vacant; that is, _he has no authority over us, and we owe no -obedience to him_. . . The new constitution is wisely adapted to -enable us to trade with foreign nations, and thereby, to supply our -wants in the _cheapest_ markets in the universe; to extend our trade -infinitely beyond what it has ever been known; to encourage -manufactures among us; and it is peculiarly formed, to promote the -happiness of the people, from among whom, by virtue and merit, _the -poorest_ man may arrive at _the highest dignity_.--Oh, Carolinians! -happy would you be under this new constitution, if you knew your happy -state. - -Possessed of a constitution of government, founded upon so generous, -equal, and natural a principle,--a government expressly calculated to -make the people rich, powerful, virtuous, and happy, who can wish to -change it, to return under a Royal government; the vital principles of -which, are the reverse in every particular! It was my duty to lay this -happy constitution before you, in its genuine light--it is your duty -to understand--to instruct others--and to defend it. . . . . - -I think it my duty to declare in the awful seat of justice and before -Almighty God, that in my opinion, the Americans can have no safety but -by the Divine Favour, their own virtue, and their being so prudent, as -_not to leave it in the power of the British rulers to injure them_. -Indeed the ruinous and deadly injuries received on our side; and the -jealousies entertained, and which, in the nature of things, must daily -increase against us on the other; demonstrate to a mind, in the least -given to reflection upon the rise and fall of empires, that true -reconcilement never can exist between Great Britain and America, the -latter being in subjection to the former. - -The Almighty created America to be independent of Britain; let us -beware of the impiety of being backward to act as instruments in the -Almighty Hand, now extended to accomplish his purpose; and by the -completion of which alone, America, in the nature of human affairs, -can be secure against the craft and insidious designs of _her enemies -who think her prosperity and power already by far too great_. In a -word, our piety and political safety are so blended, that to refuse -our labours in this divine work, is to refuse to be a great, a free, a -pious, and a happy people! - -And now having left the important alternative, political happiness or -wretchedness, under God, in a great degree in your own hands; I pray -the supreme Arbiter of the affairs of men, so to direct your judgment, -as that you may act agreeable to what seems to be his will, revealed -in his miraculous works in behalf of America, bleeding at the altar of -liberty! - - - - -THOMAS JEFFERSON. - -~1743=1826.~ - - -THOMAS JEFFERSON, the "Sage of Monticello," and founder of the -University of Virginia, was born at Shadwell, Albemarle County, -Virginia. He was educated at William and Mary College, and early -developed a rare taste for study, music, and general culture. His is -one of the greatest and most interesting figures in our history. He -received and adorned all the positions in the gift of his -fellow-citizens, from that of member of the State Legislature to that -of President of the United States, which office he twice filled. He is -considered the founder of the present Democratic party in politics; -and he gained imperishable fame as the author of the Declaration of -Independence. He spent five years in France, succeeding Benjamin -Franklin as minister to that country, and he introduced into the -United States the decimal system of currency. - -[Illustration: ~Monticello, the Home of Thomas Jefferson, Albemarle -County, Va.~] - -His love for country life induced him to retire to Monticello, his -place in Albemarle County, where he spent his declining years in -planning and establishing the University of Virginia. His love of -freedom in every possible form is shown in his plan for the -University, which was, unlike most colleges of the times, to be under -the patronage of no church, and the students were to be controlled -like any community of citizens. He was also opposed to slavery. (_See -his Notes on Virginia._) - -He died at Monticello, July 4, 1826, on the same day with John Adams, -just fifty years after the great event of their lives, the declaration -of independence of the United States. - -The following inscription was at his own request put upon his -tombstone: - - THOMAS JEFFERSON, - - Author of the Declaration of Independence, of the Statute of - Virginia for Religious Freedom and Father - of the University of Virginia. - - -WORKS. - - Autobiography, Essays, Treatises, Letters, Reports, Messages, and - Addresses, (9 volumes). - -Jefferson's style as a political writer is considered a model: and -every citizen of the United States should be well acquainted with the -Declaration of Independence, which has been called by competent -critics the most remarkable paper of its kind in existence. - -His writings show a well trained mind, accustomed to observe closely -and to delight in thought and truth and freedom. _See under George -Tucker._ Consult also his Life, by Tucker, by Morse, by Sarah N. -Randolph, his great-grand-daughter, Memoirs by Thos. J. Randolph -(1830). - - -POLITICAL MAXIMS. - -Government has nothing to do with opinion. - -Resistance to tyrants is obedience to God. (_Motto on his seal._) - -Equal and exact justice to all men, of whatever state or persuasion, -religious or political; peace, commerce, and honest friendship with -all nations, entangling alliances with none. - - -RELIGIOUS OPINIONS AT THE AGE OF TWENTY. - -(_From a letter to John Page._) - -Perfect happiness, I believe, was never intended by the Deity to be -the lot of one of his creatures in this world; but that he has very -much put in our power the nearness of our approaches to it, is what I -have steadfastly believed. The most fortunate of us, in our journey -through life, frequently meet with calamities and misfortunes, which -may greatly afflict us; and, to fortify our minds against the attacks -of these calamities and misfortunes, should be one of the principal -studies and endeavors of our lives. The only method of doing this is -to assume a perfect resignation to the Divine will, to consider -whatever does happen must happen; and that by our uneasiness, we -cannot prevent the blow before it does fall, but we may add to its -force after it has fallen. These considerations, and others such as -these, may enable us in some measure to surmount the difficulties -thrown in our way; to bear up with a tolerable degree of patience -under this burthen of life; and to proceed with a pious and unshaken -resignation, till we arrive at our journey's end, when we may deliver -up our trust into the hands of him who gave it, and receive such -reward as to him shall seem proportioned to our merit. Such, dear -Page, will be the language of the man who considers his situation in -this life, and such should be the language of every man who would -wish to render that situation as easy as the nature of it will admit. -Few things will disturb him at all; nothing will disturb him much. - - -SCENERY AT HARPER'S FERRY AND AT THE NATURAL BRIDGE. - -(_From Notes on Virginia, written in 1781, published in 1801._) - -[Illustration: ~Harper's Ferry.~] - -The passage of the Patowmac through the Blue Ridge is perhaps one of -the most stupendous scenes in nature. You stand on a very high point -of land. On your right comes up the Shenandoah, having ranged along -the foot of the mountain an hundred miles to seek a vent. On your left -approaches the Patowmac, in quest of a passage also. In the moment of -their junction they rush together against the mountain, rend it -asunder, and pass off to the sea. The first glance of this scene -hurries our senses into the opinion, that this earth has been created -in time, that the mountains were formed first, that the rivers began -to flow afterwards, that in this place particularly they have been -damned up by the Blue ridge of mountains, and have formed an ocean -which filled the whole valley; that continuing to rise they have at -length broken over at this spot, and have torn the mountain down from -its summit to its base. The piles of rock on each hand, but -particularly on the Shenandoah, the evident marks of their disrupture -and avulsion from their beds by the most powerful agents of nature, -corroborate the impression. But the distant finishing which nature has -given to the picture, is of a very different character. It is a true -contrast to the foreground. It is as placid and delightful, as that is -wild and tremendous. For the mountain being cloven asunder, she -presents to your eye, through the cleft, a small catch of smoothe -blue horizon, at an infinite distance in the plain country, inviting -you, as it were, from the riot and tumult roaring around, to pass -through the breach and participate of the calm below. . . . . . . . . - -The Natural Bridge, the most sublime of nature's works, . . . is on -the ascent of a hill, which seems to have been cloven through its -length by some great convulsion. The fissure, just at the bridge, is, -by some admeasurements, 270 feet deep, by others only 205. It is about -45 feet wide at the bottom, and 90 feet at the top; this of course -determines the length of the bridge, and its height from the water. -Its breadth in the middle, is about 60 feet, but more at the ends, and -the thickness of the mass, at the summit of the arch, about 40 feet. A -part of this thickness is constituted by a coat of earth, which gives -growth to many large trees. The residue, with the hill on both sides, -is one solid rock of lime-stone. - -The arch approaches the semi-elliptical form; but the larger axis of -the ellipsis, which would be the cord of the arch, is many times -longer than the transverse. Though the sides of this bridge are -provided in some parts with a parapet of fixed rocks, yet few men have -the resolution to walk to them, and look over into the abyss. You -involuntarily fall on your hands and feet, creep to the parapet, and -peep over it. Looking down from this height about a minute, gave me a -violent head-ach. - -If the view from the top be painful and intolerable, that from below -is delightful in an equal extreme. It is impossible for the emotions -arising from the sublime, to be felt beyond what they are here: so -beautiful an arch, so elevated, so light, and springing as it were up -to heaven! the rapture of the spectator is really indescribable! The -fissure continuing narrow, deep, and straight, for a considerable -distance above and below the bridge, opens a short but very pleasing -view of the North mountain on one side, and Blue ridge on the other, -at the distance each of them of about five miles. This bridge is in -the county of Rockbridge, to which it has given name, and affords a -public and commodious passage over a valley, which cannot be crossed -elsewhere for a considerable distance. The stream passing under it is -called Cedar-creek. - - -ON FREEDOM OF RELIGIOUS OPINION. - -Compulsion makes hypocrites, not converts. - -It is error alone that needs the support of government: truth can -stand by itself. - - -ON THE DISCOURSES OF CHRIST. - -Such are the fragments remaining to us to show a master-workman, and -that his system of morality was the most benevolent and sublime that -has ever been taught, and consequently more perfect than those of any -of the ancient philosophy. - - -RELIGIOUS FREEDOM. - -(_From an Act Passed in the Assembly of Virginia, 1786._) - -Well aware that Almighty God hath created the mind free; that all -attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or burdens, or by -civil incapacitations, tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and -meanness, and are a departure from the plan of the Holy Author of our -religion, who being Lord both of body and mind, yet chose not to -propagate it by coercions on either, as was in his Almighty power to -do; that the impious presumption of legislators and rulers, civil as -well as ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and -uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, -setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true -and infallible, and as such endeavouring to impose them on others, -hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part -of the world, and through all time; that to compel a man to furnish -contributions of money for the propagation of opinions which he -disbelieves, is sinful and tyrannical; . . . that to suffer the civil -magistrate to intrude his powers into the field of opinion and to -restrain the profession or propagation of principles, on the -supposition of their ill tendency, is a dangerous fallacy, which at -once destroys all religious liberty, because he being of course judge -of that tendency, will make his opinions the rule of judgment, and -approve or condemn the sentiments of others only as they shall square -with or differ from his own; that it is time enough for the rightful -purposes of civil government, for its officers to interfere when -principles break out into overt acts against peace and good order; and -finally, that truth is great and will prevail if left to herself, that -she is the proper and sufficient antagonist to error, and has nothing -to fear from the conflict, unless by human interposition disarmed of -her natural weapons, free argument and debate, errors ceasing to be -dangerous when it is permitted freely to contradict them: - -_Be it therefore enacted by the General Assembly_, That no man shall -be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place or -ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or -burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account -of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to -profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinions in matters of -religion and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or -affect their civil capacities. - - -LETTER TO HIS DAUGHTER, MARTHA JEFFERSON. - -(_Written in France, May 21, 1787._) - -I write you, my dear Patsy, from the canal of Languedoc, on which I am -at present sailing, as I have been for a week past,--cloudless skies -above, limpid waters below, and on each hand, a row of nightingales in -full chorus. This delightful bird had given me a rich treat before, at -the fountain of Vaucluse. After visiting the tomb of Laura, at -Avignon, I went to see this fountain--a noble one of itself, and -rendered forever famous by the songs of Petrarch, who lived near it. I -arrived there somewhat fatigued, and sat down by the fountain to -repose myself. It gushes, of the size of a river, from a secluded -valley of the mountain, the ruins of Petrarch's château being perched -on a rock two hundred feet perpendicular above. To add to the -enchantment of the scene, every tree and bush was filled with -nightingales in full song. I think you told me that you had not yet -noticed this bird. As you have trees in the garden of the Convent [_in -Paris, where Martha was at school_], there might be nightingales in -them, and this is the season of their song. Endeavor, my dear, to make -yourself acquainted with the music of this bird, that when you return -to your own country you may be able to estimate its merit in -comparison with that of the mocking-bird. The latter has the advantage -of singing through a great part of the year, whereas the nightingale -sings but about five or six weeks in the spring, and a still shorter -term, and with a more feeble voice, in the fall. - -I expect to be in Paris about the middle of next month. By that time -we may begin to expect our dear Polly [_the younger daughter, Maria_] -It will be a circumstance of inexpressible comfort to me to have you -both with me once more. The object most interesting to me for the -residue of my life, will be to see you both developing daily those -principles of virtue and goodness which will make you valuable to -others and happy in yourselves, and acquiring those talents and that -degree of science which will guard you at all times against _ennui_, -the most dangerous poison of life. A mind always employed is always -happy. This is the true secret, the grand recipe, for felicity. The -idle are the only wretched. In a world which furnishes so many -employments which are useful, and so many which are amusing, it is our -own fault if we ever know what _ennui_ is, or if we are ever driven to -the miserable resource of gaming, which corrupts our dispositions, and -teaches us a habit of hostility against all mankind. - -We are now entering the port of Toulouse, where I quit my bark, and of -course must conclude my letter. Be good and be industrious, and you -will be what I shall most love in the world. Adieu, my dear child. - - Yours affectionately, - TH. JEFFERSON. - - -JEFFERSON'S LAST LETTER, IN ANSWER TO AN INVITATION TO BE PRESENT AT -THE CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, -IN WASHINGTON.--TO MR. WEIGHTMAN, MAYOR OF WASHINGTON. - - MONTICELLO, _June 24, 1826_. - -_Respected Sir:_ The kind invitation received from you, on the part of -the citizens of the city of Washington, to be present with them at -their celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of American -Independence, as one of the surviving signers of an instrument -pregnant with our own, and the fate of the world, is most flattering -to myself, and heightened by the honorable accompaniment proposed for -the comfort of such a journey. It adds sensibly to the sufferings of -sickness, to be deprived by it of a personal participation in the -rejoicing of that day. But acquiescence is a duty, under circumstances -not placed among those we are permitted to control. I should, indeed, -with peculiar delight, have met and exchanged there congratulations -personally with the small band, the remnant of that host of worthies, -who joined with us on that day, in the bold and doubtful election we -were to make for our country, between submission or the sword; and to -have enjoyed with them the consolatory fact, that our fellow-citizens, -after half a century of experience and prosperity, continue to approve -the choice we made. May it be to the world, what I believe it will be -(to some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all), the -signal of arousing men to burst the chains under which monkish -ignorance and superstition had persuaded them to bind themselves, and -to assume the blessings and security of self-government. That form -which we have substituted, restores the free right to the unbounded -exercise of reason and freedom of opinion. All eyes are opened, or -opening, to the rights of man. The general spread of the light of -science has already laid open to every view the palpable truth, that -the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs, nor -a favored few booted and spurred, ready to ride them legitimately, by -the grace of God. These are grounds of hope for others. For ourselves, -let the annual return of this day, forever refresh our recollections -of these rights, and an undiminished devotion to them. - -I will ask permission here to express the pleasure with which I should -have met my ancient neighbors of the city of Washington and its -vicinities, with whom I passed so many years of a pleasing social -intercourse; an intercourse which so much relieved the anxieties of -the public cares, and left impressions so deeply engraved in my -affections as never to be forgotten. With my regret that ill health -forbids me the gratification of an acceptance, be pleased to receive -for yourself, and those for whom you write, the assurance of my -highest respect and friendly attachments. - - TH. JEFFERSON. - - - - -DAVID RAMSAY. - -~1749=1815.~ - - -DAVID RAMSAY was a native of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, was -educated at Princeton, studied medicine at the University of -Pennsylvania, and removed to Charleston, S. C., for the practice of -his profession. He soon acquired celebrity both as a physician and as -a patriot in the Revolutionary struggles. He was a member of the -Council of Safety and a surgeon in the army. He was one of the forty -prominent citizens who were sent as hostages to St. Augustine at the -capture of Charleston in 1780 and kept for eleven months in close -confinement. His death was caused by wounds received from a maniac, -who shot him in the street for testifying as to his mental -unsoundness. - -His second wife was Martha Laurens, daughter of Henry Laurens, who had -spent ten years in Europe and who was always active in intellectual -and benevolent pursuits. She assisted her husband in his writing and -prepared her sons for college. Two of their daughters long had an -excellent and celebrated school for girls in Charleston. - - -WORKS. - - Orations; Medical Essays. - History of South Carolina. - Life of Washington. - Memoir of Martha L. Ramsay. - Universal History Americanized (12 volumes.) - -[Illustration: ~Jasper Replacing the Flag.~] - -Dr. Ramsay holds a high place as a historian, being characterized by -impartiality, a fine memory, a clear simple style, and a personal -knowledge of many of the persons and events he describes. - - -SERMON ON TEA, (1775). - -Touch not, taste not, handle not. - - -BRITISH TREATY WITH THE CHEROKEES, 1755. - -(_From History of South Carolina._) - -In the course of eighty years, or about the middle of the eighteenth -century, the most valuable lands in the low country were taken up: and -settlements were gradually progressing westwardly on favorite spots in -the middle and upper country. The extinction of Indian claims by a -cession of territory to the king, was necessary to the safety of the -advancing settlers. This was obtained in 1755. In that year, Governor -Glen met the Cherokee warriors in their own country, and held a treaty -with them. After the usual ceremonies were ended, the governor made a -speech to the assembled warriors in the name of his king; representing -his great power, wealth, and goodness, and his particular regard for -his children, the Cherokees. He reminded them of the happiness they -had long enjoyed by living under his protection, and added, that he -had many presents to make them and expected they would surrender a -share of their territories in return. He informed them of the wicked -designs of the French, and hoped they would permit none of them to -enter their towns. He demanded lands to build two forts in their -country, to protect them against their enemies, and to be a retreat to -their friends and allies, who furnished them with arms, ammunition, -hatchets, clothes, and everything that they wanted. - -When the governor had finished his speech, Chulochcullak arose, and in -answer spoke to the following effect: - -"What I now speak, our father the great king should hear. We are -brothers to the people of Carolina, one house covers us all." Then -taking a boy by the hand, he presented him to the governor, saying, -"We, our wives, and our children, are all children of the great king -George; I have brought this child, that when he grows up he may -remember our agreement on this day, and tell it to the next -generation, that it may be known forever." Then opening his bag of -earth, and laying the same at the governor's feet, he said: "We freely -surrender a part of our lands to the great king. The French want our -possessions, but we will defend them while one of our nation shall -remain alive." Then delivering the governor a string of wampum, in -confirmation of what he said, he added: "My speech is at an end--it is -the voice of the Cherokee nation. I hope the governor will send it to -the king, that it may be kept forever." - - -SERGEANT JASPER AT FORT MOULTRIE, _28th June, 1776_. - -(_From the History of South Carolina._) - -The loss of the garrison was ten men killed and twenty-two wounded. -Lieutenants Hall and Gray were among the latter. Though there were -many thousand shots fired from the shipping, yet the works were little -damaged: those which struck the fort were ineffectually buried in its -soft wood. Hardly a hut or tree on the island escaped. - -When the British appeared off the coast, there was so scanty a stock -of lead, that to supply the musketry with bullets, it became necessary -to strip the windows of the dwelling-houses in Charleston of their -weights. Powder was also very scarce. The proportion allotted for the -defence of the fort was but barely sufficient for slow firing. This -was expended with great deliberation. The officers in their turn -pointed the guns with such exactness that most of their shot took -effect. In the beginning of the action, the flag-staff was shot away. -Sergeant Jasper of the Grenadiers immediately jumped on the beach, -took up the flag and fastened it on a sponge-staff. With it in his -hand he mounted the merlon; and, though the ships were directing their -incessant broadsides at the spot, he deliberately fixed it. The day -after the action, President Rutledge presented him with a sword, as a -mark of respect for his distinguished valor. . . . . - -On the third day after the action, the lady of Colonel Bernard Elliott -presented an elegant pair of colors to the second regiment, which had -so bravely defended Fort Moultrie. Her address on the occasion -concluded thus: "I make not the least doubt, under heaven's -protection, you will stand by these colors as long as they wave in the -air of liberty." In reply a promise was made that "they should be -honorably supported, and never should be tarnished, by the second -regiment." This engagement was literally fulfilled. Three years after -they were planted on the British lines at Savannah: one by Lieutenant -Bush who was immediately shot down; Lieutenant Hume in the act of -planting his was also shot down; and Lieutenant Gray in supporting -them received a mortal wound. The brave Sergeant Jasper on seeing -Lieutenant Hume fall, took up the color and planted it. In doing so, -he received a wound which terminated in death; but on the retreat -being ordered he brought the colors off with him. These were taken at -the fall of Charleston and are said to be now in the tower of London. - - -SUMPTER AND MARION. - -(_From the Same._) - -As the British advanced to the upper country of South Carolina, a -considerable number of the determined friends of independence -retreated before them and took refuge in North Carolina. In this -class was Colonel Sumpter; a gentleman who had formerly commanded one -of the continental regiments, and who was known to possess a great -share of bravery and other military talents. In a very little time -after he had forsaken his home, a detachment of the British turned his -wife and family out of doors, burned the house and everything that was -in it. A party of these exiles from South Carolina who had convened in -North Carolina made choice of Colonel Sumpter to be their leader. At -the head of this little band of freemen he soon returned to his own -State, and took the field against the victorious British. He made this -gallant effort at a time when the inhabitants had generally abandoned -the idea of supporting their own independence, and when he had every -difficulty to encounter. The State was no longer in a condition to -pay, clothe, or feed the troops who had enrolled themselves under his -command. His followers were, in a great measure, unfurnished with arms -and ammunition; and they had no magazines from which they might draw a -supply. The iron tools, on the neighboring farms, were worked up for -their use by common blacksmiths into rude weapons of war. They -supplied themselves, in part, with bullets by melting the pewter which -they were furnished by private housekeepers. They sometimes came to -battle when they had not three rounds a man; and some were obliged to -keep at a distance, till, by the fall of others, they were supplied -with arms. When they proved victorious they were obliged to rifle the -dead and wounded of their arms and ammunition to equip them for their -next engagement. . . . . . - -General Francis Marion was born at Winyaw in 1733. His grandfather was -a native of Languedoc, and one of the many Protestants who fled from -France to Carolina to avoid persecution on the account of religion. He -left thirteen children, the eldest of whom was the father of the -general. Francis Marion, when only sixteen years of age, made choice -of a sea-faring life. On his first voyage to the West Indies he was -shipwrecked. The crew, consisting of six persons, took to the open -boat without water or provisions; . . . . they were six days in the -boat before they made land. Two of the crew perished. Francis Marion -with three others reached land. This disaster, and the entreaties of -his mother, induced him to quit the sea. . . . . . - -On the approach of General Gates he advanced with a small party -through the country towards the Santee. On his arrival there he found -a number of his countrymen ready and willing to put themselves under -his command, to which he had been appointed by General Gates. This -corps afterwards acquired the name of Marion's brigade. . . In all -these marches Marion and his men lay in the open air with little -covering, and with little other food than sweet potatoes and meat -mostly without salt. Though it was the unhealthy season of autumn, yet -sickness seldom occurred. The general fared worse than his men; for -his baggage having caught fire by accident, he had literally but half -a blanket to cover him from the dews of the night, and but half a hat -to shelter him from the rays of the sun. - - - - -JAMES MADISON. - -~1751=1836.~ - - -JAMES MADISON, fourth president of the United States, was born at Port -Conway, Virginia, and was a graduate of Princeton, where he was a -profound and excellent student. He and Jefferson were always friends; -yet they differed in some political opinions, for Madison was a -Federalist, and he contributed many papers to the periodical of that -name. - -In 1794 he married Mrs. Dorothy Payne Todd, a lady of extraordinary -beauty and rare accomplishments; and the reign of Mrs. Dolly Madison -at the White House is esteemed its most brilliant period. "Memoirs and -Letters of Dolly Madison," by her grand-niece, published in 1887 at -Boston, is a most interesting book. - -President Madison died at his home "Montpelier," Orange County, -Virginia. See his Life, by W. C. Rives, and by Gay. - - -WORKS. - - Madison Papers (3 vols.), [Debates of the Convention, 1789]. - Unpublished Writings. - 29 Papers in the "Federalist." - -Professor Fiske says of Madison: "Among the founders of our nation, -his place is beside that of Washington, Jefferson, and Marshall; but -his part was peculiar. He was pre-eminently the scholar, the profound -constructive thinker, and his limitations were such as belong to that -character." - - -OPINION OF LAFAYETTE, (IN LETTERS TO JEFFERSON). - -(_From Rives' Life of Madison._[4]) - -(_17 Oct., 1784._)--The time I have lately passed with the Marquis has -given me a pretty thorough insight into his character. With great -natural frankness of temper, he unites much address and very -considerable talents. In his politics, he says his three hobby-horses -are the alliance between France and the United States, the union of -the latter, and the manumission of the slaves. The two former are the -dearer to him, as they are connected with his personal glory. . . . . -. . . - -(_20 August, 1785._)--Subsequent to the date of mine in which I gave -my idea of Lafayette, I had other opportunities of penetrating his -character. Though his foibles did not disappear, all the favorable -traits presented themselves in a stronger light, on closer inspection. -He certainly possesses talents which might figure in any line. If he -is ambitious, it is rather of the praise which virtue dedicates to -merit than of the homage which fear renders to power. His disposition -is naturally warm and affectionate, and his attachment to the United -States unquestionable. Unless I am grossly deceived, you will find his -zeal sincere and useful, whenever it can be employed on behalf of the -United States without opposition to the essential interests of France. - - -PLEA FOR A REPUBLIC, ALTHOUGH A NEW FORM OF GOVERNMENT. - -(_From the "Federalist," 14th No._) - -But why is the experiment of an extended Republic to be rejected, -merely because it may comprise what is new? Is it not the glory of the -people of America, that, whilst they have paid a decent regard to the -opinions of former times and other nations, they have not suffered a -blind veneration for antiquity, for custom, or for names, to overrule -the suggestions of their own good sense, the knowledge of their own -situation, and the lessons of their own experience? To this manly -spirit posterity will be indebted for the possession, and the world -for the example, of the numerous improvements displayed on the -American theatre in favor of private rights and public happiness. Had -no important step been taken by the leaders of the Revolution for -which a precedent could not be discovered; no government established -of which an exact model did not present itself,--the people of the -United States might, at this moment, have been numbered among the -melancholy victims of misguided counsels; must, at best, have been -laboring under the weight of some of those forms which have crushed -the liberties of the rest of mankind. Happily for America,--happily, -we trust, for the whole human race, they pursued a new and more noble -course. They accomplished a revolution which has no parallel in the -annals of human society. They reared the fabrics of government, which -have no model on the face of the globe. They formed the design of a -great Confederacy, which it is incumbent on their successors to -improve and perpetuate. If their works betray imperfections, we wonder -at the fewness of them. If they erred most in the structure of the -Union, this was the work most difficult to be executed; this is the -work which has been new-modelled by the act of your convention; and it -is that act on which you are now to deliberate and decide. - - -CHARACTER OF WASHINGTON. - -("_drawn by Mr. Madison, amid the tranquil scenes of his own final -retirement; and intended . . . . for his family and friends._") - -The strength of his character lay in his integrity, his love of -justice, his fortitude, the soundness of his judgment, and his -remarkable prudence; to which he joined an elevated sense of patriotic -duty, and a reliance on the enlightened and impartial world as the -tribunal by which a lasting sentence on his career would be -pronounced. Nor was he without the advantage of a stature and figure -which, however insignificant when separated from greatness of -character, do not fail, when combined with it, to aid the attraction. -What particularly distinguished him was a modest dignity, which at -once commanded the highest respect and inspired the purest attachment. - -Although not idolizing public opinion, no man could be more attentive -to the means of ascertaining it. In comparing the candidates for -office, he was particularly inquisitive as to their standing with the -public, and the opinion entertained of them by men of public weight. -On the important questions to be decided by him, he spared no pains to -gain information from all quarters; freely asking from all whom he -held in esteem, and who were intimate with him, a free communication -of their sentiments; receiving with great attention the arguments and -opinions offered to him; and making up his own judgment with all the -leisure that was permitted. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[4] By permission of Little, Brown, & Company, Boston, as also the two -following extracts. - - - - -ST. GEORGE TUCKER. - -~1752=1828.~ - - -ST. GEORGE TUCKER was born in the Bermudas, came early in life to -Virginia, where he married in 1778 Mrs. Frances Bland Randolph, and -thus became stepfather to John Randolph of Roanoke. He was a -distinguished jurist, professor of law at William and Mary College, -president-judge of the Virginia Court of Appeals, and judge of the -United States District Court of Virginia. - - -WORKS. - - Poems: "Days of My Youth," and others. - Probationary Odes of Jonathan Pindar, Esq., [Satires]. - Commentary on the Constitution. - Dissertation on Slavery: Letters on Alien and Sedition Laws. - Annotated Edition of Blackstone. - Dramas, [unpublished]. - -In addition to his ability as a writer, he possessed fine literary -taste; and his personal character was marked by great amiability, -courtliness, and patriotism. - -[Illustration: ~William and Mary College, Williamsburg, Va.~] - - -RESIGNATION, OR DAYS OF MY YOUTH. - - I. - - Days of my youth, - Ye have glided away; - Hairs of my youth, - Ye are frosted and gray: - Eyes of my youth, - Your keen sight is no more; - Cheeks of my youth - Ye are furrowed all o'er, - Strength of my youth, - All your vigor is gone; - Thoughts of my youth, - Your gay visions are flown. - - II. - - Days of my youth, - I wish not your recall; - Hairs of my youth, - I'm content ye should fall; - Eyes of my youth, - You much evil have seen; - Cheeks of my youth, - Bathed in tears have you been; - Thoughts of my youth, - You have led me astray; - Strength of my youth, - Why lament your decay? - - III. - - Days of my age, - Ye will shortly be past; - Pains of my age, - Yet a while ye can last; - Joys of my age, - In true wisdom delight; - Eyes of my age, - Be religion your light; - Thoughts of my age, - Dread ye not the cold sod; - Hopes of my age, - Be ye fixed on your God. - - - - -JOHN MARSHALL. - -~1755=1835.~ - - -JOHN MARSHALL, third Chief Justice of the United States, was born in -Fauquier County, Virginia. He served as a soldier in the Revolution -and then practised law in Richmond. With Charles Cotesworth Pinckney -and Elbridge Gerry, he was sent to Paris in 1797 to treat of public -affairs; and it was on this occasion that Pinckney made the famous -reply to the propositions of Talleyrand, "Millions for defence, not a -cent for tribute." - -He was chief-justice of the United States for thirty-five years, being -appointed in 1800 and holding the position until his death. One of the -most celebrated cases over which he presided was the trial of Aaron -Burr, 1807, in which William Wirt led the prosecution, and Luther -Martin and Burr himself, the defence. His services on the Supreme -Bench were not only judicial but patriotic also, as his decisions on -points of constitutional law, being broad, clear, strong, and -statesman-like, have done much to settle the foundations of our -government. - -He died in Philadelphia whither he had gone for medical treatment. A -handsome statue of him by Story adorns the west grounds of the Capitol -at Washington, and his is one of the six colossal bronze figures -around the Washington Monument in Richmond. See Life, by Story, and by -Magruder. - - -WORKS. - - Life of Washington. - Supreme Court Decisions. - Writings on Federal Constitution, [selections by Justice Story]. - -"He was supremely fitted for high judicial station--a solid judgment, -great reasoning powers, acute and penetrating mind; . . . attentive, -patient, laborious; grave on the bench, social in the intercourse of -life; simple in his tastes, and inexorably just."--Thomas Hart Benton, -in "Thirty Years' View." - - -POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. - -(_From Case of Cohen vs. State of Virginia, given in Magruder's Life -of Marshall._[5]) - -It is authorized to decide all cases of every description arising -under the Constitution or laws of the United States. From this general -grant of jurisdiction no exception is made of those cases in which a -State may be a party. When we consider the situation of the government -of the Union and of a State in relation to each other, the nature of -our Constitution, the subordination of the State governments to that -Constitution, the great purpose for which jurisdiction over all cases -arising under the Constitution and laws of the United States is -confided to the judicial department, are we at liberty to insert in -this general grant an exception of those cases in which a State may be -a party? Will the spirit of the Constitution justify this attempt to -control its words? We think it will not. We think a case arising under -the Constitution or laws, of the United States is cognizable in the -courts of the Union, whoever may be the parties to that case. The laws -must be executed by individuals acting within the several States. If -these individuals may be exposed to penalties, and if the courts of -the Union cannot correct the judgments by which these penalties may -be enforced, the course of government may be at any time arrested by -the will of one of its members. Each member will possess a _veto_ on -the will of the whole. - -That the United States form, for many and most important purposes, a -single nation has not yet been denied. These States are constituent -parts of the United States. They are members of one great empire, for -some purposes sovereign, for some purposes subordinate. In a -government so constituted is it unreasonable that the judicial power -should be competent to give efficacy to the constitutional laws of the -legislature? That department can decide on the validity of the -Constitution or law of a State, if it be repugnant to the Constitution -or to a law of the United States. Is it unreasonable that it should -also be empowered to decide on the judgment of a State tribunal -enforcing such unconstitutional law? Is it so very unreasonable as to -furnish a justification for controlling the words of the Constitution? -We think not. . . . . - - -THE DUTIES OF A JUDGE. - -Advert, sir, to the duties of a judge. He has to pass between the -government and the man whom that government is prosecuting; between -the most powerful individual in the community and the poorest and most -unpopular. It is of the last importance that, in the exercise of these -duties he should observe the utmost fairness. Need I press the -necessity of this? Does not every man feel that his own personal -security and the security of his property depends on that fairness? -The judicial department comes home, in its effects, to every man's -fireside; it passes on his property, his reputation, his life, his -all. Is it not to the last degree important that he should be rendered -perfectly and completely independent, with nothing to influence or -control him, but God and his conscience? . . . I have always thought, -from my earliest youth until now, that the greatest scourge an angry -Heaven ever inflicted upon an ungrateful and sinning people was an -ignorant, a corrupt, or a dependent judiciary. Our ancestors thought -so; we thought so until very lately; and I trust that the vote of this -day will show that we think so still. Will you draw down this curse on -Virginia? - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[5] By permission of Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, of Boston, as -also the following. - - - - -HENRY LEE. - -~1756=1818.~ - - -HENRY LEE, "Light-Horse Harry," of the Revolution, and father of -General R. E. Lee, was born at Leesylvania, Westmoreland County, -Virginia. His father was also named Henry Lee, and his mother was Lucy -Grymes, the famous "lowland beauty," who first captured Washington's -heart. Her son was a favorite of his, and it is an interesting fact -that it was this same Henry Lee who delivered by request of Congress -the funeral oration on Washington. In it he used those now well-known -words, "First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his -countrymen." - -He was educated at Princeton, and joined the American army in 1777, -with his company, as Captain Lee. He rose successively to be major, -colonel, general; and after the war he served in the Continental -Congress and in the Virginia Legislature. He was injured in a riot at -Baltimore, while trying to defend a friend, and went to Cuba for his -health; but he died on his way home, at Cumberland Island on the coast -of Georgia, at the home of General Greene's daughter, Mrs. Shaw. - -With his first wife, his cousin Matilda Lee, he obtained Stratford -House, where R. E. Lee was born; whose mother however, was the second -wife, Anne Hill Carter of Shirley. - - -WORK. - - Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of the United States, - edited by his sons, Henry and R. E. Lee. - -General Lee's "Memoirs of the War" is a life-like and spirited -narrative of events in which he was an actor. The style is plain and -clear. His style as an orator is seen in his celebrated Funeral -Oration, of which we give the closing sentences. - - -CAPTURE OF FORT MOTTE BY LEE AND MARION, MAY, 1780. - -(_From General Henry Lee's Memoirs of the War._) - -This post was the principal depot of the convoys from Charleston to -Camden, and sometimes for those destined for Fort Granby and -Ninety-Six. A large new mansion house, belonging to Mrs. Motte, -situated on a high and commanding hill, had been selected for this -establishment. It was surrounded with a deep trench, along the -interior margin of which was raised a strong and lofty parapet. To -this post had been regularly assigned an adequate garrison of about -one hundred and fifty men, which was now accidentally increased by a -small detachment of dragoons, which had arrived from Charleston a few -hours before the appearance of the American troops, on its way to -Camden with despatches for Lord Rawdon. Captain M'Pherson commanded, -an officer highly and deservedly respected. - -Opposite to Fort Motte, to the north, stood another hill, where Mrs. -Motte, having been dismissed from her mansion, resided, in the old -farmhouse. On this height Lieutenant-Colonel Lee with his corps took -post, while Brigadier Marion occupied the eastern declivity of the -ridge on which the fort stood. - -The vale which runs between the two hills admitted our safe approach -within four hundred yards of the fort. This place was selected by Lee -to break ground. Relays of working parties being provided for every -four hours, and some of the negroes from the neighbouring plantations -being brought, by the influence of Marion, to our assistance, the -works advanced with rapidity. Such was their forwardness on the 10th, -that it was determined to summon the commandant. - -A flag was accordingly despatched to Captain M'Pherson, stating to him -with truth our relative situation, and admonishing him to avoid the -disagreeable consequences of an arrogant temerity. To this the captain -replied, that, disregarding consequences, he should continue to resist -to the last moment. The retreat of Rawdon was known in the evening to -the besiegers; and in the course of the night a courier arrived from -General Greene confirming that event, urging redoubled activity, and -communicating his determination to hasten to their support. Urged by -these strong considerations, Marion and Lee persevered throughout the -night in pressing the completion of their works. On the next day, -Rawdon reached the country opposite to Fort Motte; and in the -succeeding night encamping on the highest ground in his route, the -illumination of his fires gave the joyful annunciation of his approach -to the despairing garrison. But the hour was close at hand, when this -joy was to be converted into sadness. - -The large mansion in the centre of the encircling trench, left but a -few yards of the ground within the enemy's works uncovered; burning -the house must force their surrender. - -Persuaded that our ditch would be within arrow shot before noon of the -next day, Marion and Lee determined to adopt this speedy mode of -effecting their object. Orders were instantly issued to prepare bows -and arrows, with missive combustible matter. This measure was -reluctantly adopted; for the destruction of private property was -repugnant to the principles which swayed the two commandants, and upon -this occasion was peculiarly distressing. The devoted house was a -large, pleasant edifice, intended for the summer residence of the -respectable owner, whose deceased husband had been a firm patriot, and -whose only marriageable daughter was the wife of Major Pinckney, an -officer in the South Carolina line, who had fought and bled in his -country's cause, and was now a prisoner with the enemy. These -considerations powerfully forbade the execution of the proposed -measure; but there were others of much cogency, which applied -personally to Lieutenant Colonel Lee, and gave a new edge to the -bitterness of the scene. - -Encamping contiguous to Mrs. Motte's dwelling, this officer had, upon -his arrival, been requested in the most pressing terms to make her -house his quarters. The invitation was accordingly accepted; and not -only the lieutenant colonel, but every officer of his corps, off duty, -daily experienced her liberal hospitality, politely proffered and as -politely administered. Nor was the attention of this amiable lady -confined to that class of war which never fail to attract attention. -While her richly spread table presented with taste and fashion all the -luxuries of her opulent country, and her sideboard offered without -reserve the best wines of Europe--antiquated relics of happier -days--her active benevolence found its way to the sick and to the -wounded; cherishing with softest kindness infirmity and misfortune, -converting despair into hope, and nursing debility into strength. -Nevertheless the obligations of duty were imperative; the house must -burn; and a respectful communication to the lady of her destined loss -must be made. Taking the first opportunity which offered, the next -morning, Lieutenant Colonel Lee imparted to Mrs. Motte the intended -measure; lamenting the sad necessity, and assuring her of the deep -regret which the unavoidable act excited in his and every breast. - -With a smile of complacency this exemplary lady listened to the -embarrassed officer, and gave instant relief to his agitated feelings, -by declaring, that she was gratified with the opportunity of -contributing to the good of her country, and that she should view the -approaching scene with delight. Shortly after, seeing accidentally the -bows and arrows which had been prepared, she sent for the lieutenant -colonel, and presenting him with a bow and its apparatus imported from -India, she requested his substitution of these, as probably better -adapted for the object than those we had provided. - -Receiving with silent delight this opportune present, the lieutenant -colonel rejoined his troops, now making ready for the concluding -scene. The lines were manned, and an additional force stationed at the -battery, lest the enemy, perceiving his fate, might determine to risk -a desperate assault, as offering the only chance of relief. As soon as -the troops reached their several points, a flag was again sent to -M'Pherson, for the purpose of inducing him to prevent the -conflagration and the slaughter which might ensue, by a second -representation of his actual condition. - -Doctor Irvine, of the legion cavalry, was charged with the flag, and -instructed to communicate faithfully the inevitable destruction -impending, and the impracticability of relief, as Lord Rawdon had not -yet passed the Santee; with an assurance that longer perseverance in -vain resistance, would place the garrison at the mercy of the -conqueror; who was not regardless of the policy of preventing waste -of time by inflicting exemplary punishment, where resistance was -maintained only to produce such waste. The British captain received -the flag with his usual politeness, and heard patiently Irvine's -explanations; but he remained immovable; repeating his determination -of holding out to the last. - -It was now about noon, and the rays of the scorching sun had prepared -the shingle roof for the projected conflagration. The return of Irvine -was immediately followed by the application of the bow and arrows. The -first arrow struck and communicated its fire; a second was shot at -another quarter of the roof, and a third at a third quarter; this last -also took effect, and, like the first, soon kindled a blaze. M'Pherson -ordered a party to repair to the loft of the house, and by knocking -off the shingles to stop the flames. This was soon perceived, and -Captain Finley was directed to open his battery, raking the loft from -end to end. - -The fire of our six pounder, posted close to one of the gable ends of -the house, soon drove the soldiers down; and no other effort to stop -the flames being practicable, M'Pherson hung out the white -flag. . . . . Powerfully as the present occasion called for -punishment, and rightfully as it might have been inflicted, not a drop -of blood was shed, nor any part of the enemy's baggage taken. -M'Pherson and his officers accompanied their captors to Mrs. Motte's, -and partook with them of a sumptuous dinner; soothing in the sweets of -social intercourse the ire which the preceding conflict had -engendered. - - -THE FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY. - -(_From the funeral oration, 1800._) - -First in war--first in peace--and first in the hearts of his -countrymen, he was second to none in the humble and endearing scenes -of private life; pious, just, humane, temperate, and sincere; uniform, -dignified, and commanding, his example was as edifying to all around -him, as were the effects of that example lasting. - -To his equals he was condescending, to his inferiors kind, and to the -dear objects of his affections exemplarily tender; correct throughout, -vice shuddered in his presence, and virtue always felt his fostering -hand; the purity of his private character gave effulgence to his -public virtues. - -His last scene comported with the whole tenor of his life--although in -extreme pain, not a sigh, not a groan escaped him; and with -undisturbed serenity, he closed his well-spent life. Such was the man -America has lost--such was the man for whom our nation mourns. - -Methinks I see his august image, and I hear falling from his venerable -lips these deep-sinking words: - -"Cease, sons of America, lamenting our separation: go on, and confirm -by your wisdom the fruits of our joint councils, joint efforts, and -common dangers; reverence religion, diffuse knowledge throughout your -land, patronize the arts and sciences; let Liberty and Order be -inseparable companions. Control party spirit, the bane of free -governments; observe good faith to, and cultivate peace with all -nations, shut up every avenue to foreign influence, contract rather -than extend national connection, rely on yourselves only; be Americans -in thought, word and deed;--thus will you give immortality to that -union which was the constant object of my terrestrial labors; thus -will you preserve undisturbed to the latest posterity the felicity of -a people to me most dear, and thus will you supply (if my happiness is -now aught to you) the only vacancy in the round of pure bliss high -Heaven bestows." - - - - -MASON LOCKE WEEMS. - -~1760=1825.~ - - -MASON LOCKE WEEMS was born at Dumfries, Virginia, and educated in -London as a clergyman. He was for some years rector of Pohick Church, -Mt. Vernon parish, of which Washington was an attendant. His health -demanding a change of occupation, he became agent for the publishing -house of Matthew Carey of Philadelphia, and was very successful, being -"equally ready for a stump, a fair, or a pulpit." He played the -violin, read, recited, and was humorous and interesting in -conversation. - -His writings are attractive and often very eloquent and forcible; but -we know not how much of his narratives to believe. His "Life of -Washington" is the most popular and widely read of the many lives of -that great man; to it alone we are indebted for the Hatchet Story. - - -WORKS. - - Life of Washington. - Life of Franklin. - Life of Marion. - Life of Penn. - The Philanthropist, [a tract prefaced by an autograph letter from - Washington.] - - -THE HATCHET STORY. - -(_From Life of Washington._) - -The following anecdote is a case in point; it is too valuable to be -lost, and too true to be doubted, for it was communicated to me by the -same excellent lady to whom I was indebted for the last, [a relative -of the Washington family.] - -"When George," she said, "was about six years old, he was made the -wealthy master of a _hatchet_! of which, like most little boys, he was -immoderately fond, and was constantly going about chopping everything -that came in his way. One day, in the garden, where he often amused -himself hacking his mother's pea-sticks, he unluckily tried the edge -of his hatchet on the body of a beautiful young English cherry-tree, -which he barked so terribly that I don't believe the tree ever got the -better of it. The next morning the old gentleman finding out what had -befallen his tree, which, by the by, was a great favorite, came into -the house, and with much warmth asked for the mischievous author, -declaring at the same time that he would not have taken five guineas -for his tree. Nobody could tell him anything about it. Presently -George and his hatchet made their appearance. 'George,' said his -father, 'do you know who killed that beautiful little cherry-tree -yonder in the garden?' This was a _tough question_, and George -staggered under it for a moment; but quickly recovered himself; and -looking at his father, with the sweet face of youth brightened with -the inexpressible charm of all-conquering truth, he bravely cried out, -'I can't tell a lie, Pa; you know I can't tell a lie; I did cut it -with my hatchet.'--'Run to my arms, you dearest boy,' cried his father -in transports, 'run to my arms. Glad am I, George, that you ever -killed my tree, for you have paid me for it a thousand-fold. Such an -act of heroism in my son, is more worth than a thousand trees, though -blossomed with silver, and their fruits of purest gold.'" - - - - -JOHN DRAYTON. - -~1766=1822.~ - - -JOHN DRAYTON, son of William Henry Drayton, was born in South -Carolina, educated at Princeton and in England, and became a lawyer. -He was governor of South Carolina, 1800-2, and again 1808-10; and he -was District Judge of the United States at the time of his death. - - -WORKS. - - Letters written during a tour through the Northern and Eastern - States. - A View of South Carolina. - Memoirs of the Revolution in South Carolina, [prepared mainly - from his father's manuscripts]. - -Governor Drayton's writings are characterized by a desire to express -the simple and exact truth. His style carries with it a conviction of -his sincerity and of the reliability of his narrative. - - -A REVOLUTIONARY OBJECT LESSON IN THE CAUSE OF PATRIOTISM, APRIL 1775. - -(_From Memoirs of the Revolution._) - -With all these occurrences, men's minds had become agitated; and it -was deemed proper to bring forth something calculated to arrest the -public attention, to throw odium on the British Administration, to put -down the Crown officers in the Province, and to invigorate the ardor -of the people. And nothing was deemed more likely to effect the same -than some public exhibition which might speak to the sight and senses -of the multitude. - -For this purpose effigies were brought forward, supposed to be by the -authority or connivance of the Secret Committee. . . . They -represented the Pope, Lord Grenville, Lord North, and the Devil. They -were placed on the top of a frame capable of containing one or two -persons within it; and the frame was covered over with thick canvas, -so that those within could not be distinguished. In the front of the -frame on the top, the Pope was seated in a chair of state, in his -pontifical dress; and at a distance immediately behind him the Devil -was placed in a standing position, holding a barbed dart in his right -hand; between the Pope and the Devil, on each side, Lords Grenville -and North were stationed. Thus finished the frame and effigies were -fixed on four wheels; and early in the morning, this uncommon -spectacle was stationed between the Market and St. Michael's Church in -Broad-street to the gaze of the citizens. - -Many were the surmises respecting it; but at length by its evolutions, -it soon began to explain the purposes for which it was constructed. -For no sooner did any of the Crown officers, Placemen, Counsellors, or -persons known to be disaffected to the common cause, pass by than the -Pope immediately bowed with proportioned respect to them, and the -Devil at the same moment striking his dart at the head of the Pope -convulsed the populace with bursts of laughter. While on the other -hand, the immovable effigies of Lords Grenville and North, appearing -like attendants on the Pope or criminals, moved the people with -sentiments of disgust and contempt against them and the whole British -Administration, for the many oppressive acts which they had been -instrumental in procuring to be passed through both Houses of -Parliament. - -In this manner the machine was exposed; after which it was paraded -through the town the whole day by the mob; and in the evening, they -carried it beyond the town where surrounding it with tar barrels the -whole was committed to the flames. Nor did the idea or influence of -the thing end here--for boys forsook their customary sports to make -models like it, with which having amused themselves, and having roused -their youthful spirits into a detestation of oppression, they also -committed them to the flames. And many of those very boys supported -with their services and blood the rights and liberties of their -country. - - -THE BATTLE OF NOEWEE, BETWEEN THE SOUTH CAROLINIANS AND THE CHEROKEES, -1776. - -(_From Memoirs of the Revolution in South Carolina._) - -The army now crossed Cannucca Creek, and was proceeding towards Noewee -Creek when tracks of the enemy's spies were discovered about half -past ten o'clock, A. M., and the army was halted and thrown into close -order. It then proceeded on its left towards a narrow valley, -bordering on Noewee Creek, and enclosed on each side by lofty -mountains, terminated at the extremity by others equally difficult; -and commenced entering the same, for the purpose of crossing the -Appalachean Ridge, which separated the Middle Settlements from those -in the Vallies. - -These heights were occupied by twelve hundred Indian Warriors; nor -were they discovered, until the advance guard of one hundred men began -to mount the height, which terminated the valley. The army having thus -completely fallen into the ambuscade of the enemy, they poured in a -heavy fire upon its front and flanks; compelling it to recoil, and -fall into confusion. Great was the perturbation which then prevailed, -the cry being, "_We shall be cut off_;" and while Col. Williamson's -attention was imperiously called to rally his men, and charge the -enemy, he was at the same time obliged to reinforce the baggage guard, -on which the subsistence of the army depended for provisions, in this -mountainous wilderness. - -In this extremity, Lieutenant-Colonel Hammond caused detachments to -file off, for the purpose of gaining the eminences above the Indians, -and turning their flanks; while Lieutenant Hampton with twenty men, -advanced upon the enemy, passing the main advance guard of one hundred -men: who, being panic-struck, were rapidly retreating. Hampton, -however, clambered up the ascent, with a manly presence of mind; which -much encouraged all his followers: calling out, "_Loaded guns -advance--empty guns, fall down and load:_" and being joined by thirty -men, he charged desperately on the foe. The Indians now gave way; and -a panic passing among them from right to left, the troops rallied and -pressed them with such energy, as induced a general flight: and the -army was thereby rescued from a total defeat and massacre. - -Besides this good fortune, they became possessed of so many packs of -deer skins and baggage; that they sold among the individuals of the -army, for £1,200 currency; and which sum was equally distributed among -the troops. In this engagement, the killed of Williamson's army, were -thirteen men, and one Catawba Indian; and the wounded were, thirty-two -men, and two Catawbas. Of the enemy, only four were found dead, and -their loss would have been more considerable, if many of them had not -been mistaken for the friendly Catawbas, who were in front. - - - - -WILLIAM WIRT. - -~1772=1834.~ - - -WILLIAM WIRT was born at Bladensburg, Maryland, and received an early -and excellent education. He removed to Virginia in 1791 and began the -practice of law, in which profession he rose to great and singular -eminence. - -He was elected Chancellor of Virginia in 1801, led the prosecution in -the Aaron Burr trial, 1807, and was concerned in several other famous -cases. In 1817 he was appointed Attorney-General of the United States -and lived in Washington twelve years. In 1826 he delivered before -Congress the address on the death of John Adams and of Thomas -Jefferson; which occurred on the Fourth of July, of that year, just -fifty years after the Declaration of Independence. - -His health giving way under his severe labors and distress for the -death of his son Robert, he resigned his office. He said, "All, all -is vanity and vexation of spirit, except religion, friendship, and -literature." He removed to Baltimore and resumed the practice of law. -He was a man of fine appearance and charming social graces. It is -related that on one occasion he kept a party of friends up all night -long, to their utter astonishment, merely by the powers of his -delightful conversation. See "Memoirs of Wirt" by Kennedy. - - -WORKS. - - Letters of the British Spy. - Rainbow, [essays]. - Life of Patrick Henry. - Addresses. - Old Bachelor, [a series of essays by a group of friends, Wirt, - Dabney Carr, George Tucker, and others]. - -Wirt's style both in writing and speaking has been often and justly -praised for its grace, culture, and luxuriance. - -His "British Spy" is composed of ten letters supposed to be left at an -inn by a spy, giving opinions on various things and an account -especially of public men and orators that he has met in his travels in -America. These letters are esteemed Wirt's best literary work, -although his "Life of Patrick Henry" is perhaps better known on -account of its subject. - - -THE BLIND PREACHER, (JAMES WADDELL[6]). - -(_From The British Spy._) - -It was one Sunday, as I travelled through the county of Orange, -[Virginia], that my eye was caught by a cluster of horses tied near a -ruinous, old, wooden house in the forest, not far from the roadside. -Having frequently seen such objects before, in travelling through -those States, I had no difficulty in understanding that this was a -place of religious worship. - -Devotion alone should have stopped me, to join in the duties of the -congregation; but I must confess that curiosity to hear the preacher -of such a wilderness, was not the least of my motives. On entering, I -was struck with his preternatural appearance. He was a tall and very -spare old man; his head which was covered with a white linen cap, his -shrivelled hands, and his voice, were all shaking under the influence -of a palsy; and a few moments ascertained to me that he was perfectly -blind. - -The first emotions that touched my breast were those of mingled pity -and veneration. But how soon were all my feelings changed! The lips of -Plato were never more worthy of a prognostic swarm of bees, than were -the lips of this holy man! It was a day of the administration of the -sacrament; and his subject was, of course, the passion of our Saviour. -I have heard the subject handled a thousand times; I had thought it -exhausted long ago. Little did I suppose that in the wild woods of -America, I was to meet with a man whose eloquence would give to this -topic a new and more sublime pathos than I had ever before witnessed. - -As he descended from the pulpit to distribute the mystic symbols, -there was a peculiar, a more than human solemnity in his air and -manner, which made my blood run cold, and my whole frame shiver. - -He then drew a picture of the sufferings of our Saviour; his trial -before Pilate; his ascent up Calvary; his crucifixion; and his death. -I knew the whole history; but never until then had I heard the -circumstances so selected, so arranged, so colored! It was all new; -and I seemed to have heard it for the first time in my life. His -enunciation was so deliberate that his voice trembled on every -syllable; and every heart in the assembly trembled in unison. His -peculiar phrases had the force of description, that the original -scene appeared to be at that moment acting before our eyes. We saw the -very faces of the Jews; the staring, frightful distortions of malice -and rage. We saw the buffet; my soul kindled with a flame of -indignation; and my hands were involuntarily and convulsively -clinched. - -But when he came to touch on the patience, the forgiving meekness of -our Saviour; when he drew, to the life, his blessed eyes streaming in -tears to heaven; his voice breathing to God a soft and gentle prayer -of pardon on his enemies, "Father, forgive them, for they know not -what they do,"--the voice of the preacher, which had all along -faltered, grew fainter and fainter, until, his utterance being -entirely obstructed by the force of his feelings, he raised his -handkerchief to his eyes, and burst into a loud and irrepressible -flood of grief. The effect is inconceivable. The whole house resounded -with the mingled groans, and sobs, and shrieks of the congregation. - -It was some time before the tumult had subsided, so far as to permit -him to proceed. Indeed, judging by the usual, but fallacious standard -of my own weakness, I began to be very uneasy for the situation of the -preacher. For I could not conceive how he would be able to let his -audience down from the height to which he had wound them, without -impairing the solemnity and dignity of his subject, or perhaps -shocking them by the abruptness of the fall. But--no: the descent was -as beautiful and sublime as the elevation had been rapid and -enthusiastic. - -The first sentence, with which he broke the awful silence, was a -quotation from Rousseau: "Socrates died like a philosopher, but Jesus -Christ, like a God!" - -I despair of giving you any idea of the effect produced by this short -sentence, unless you could perfectly conceive the whole manner of the -man, as well as the peculiar crisis in the discourse. Never before -did I completely understand what Demosthenes meant by laying such -stress on delivery. You are to bring before you the venerable figure -of the preacher; his blindness, constantly recalling to your -recollection old Homer, Ossian, and Milton, and associating with his -performance the melancholy grandeur of their geniuses; you are to -imagine that you hear his slow, solemn, well-accented enunciation, and -his voice of affecting trembling melody; you are to remember the pitch -of passion and enthusiasm to which the congregation were raised; and -then the few moments of portentous, deathlike silence which reigned -throughout the house; the preacher removing his white handkerchief -from his aged face, (even yet wet from the recent torrent of his -tears), and slowly stretching forth the palsied hand which holds it, -begins the sentence, "Socrates died like a philosopher,"--then, -pausing, raising his other hand, pressing them both, clasped together, -with warmth and energy, to his breast, lifting his "sightless balls" -to heaven, and pouring his whole soul into his tremulous voice--"but -Jesus Christ--like a God!" If it had indeed and in truth been an angel -of light, the effect could scarcely have been more divine. - - -MR. HENRY AGAINST JOHN HOOK. - -(_From Life of Patrick Henry._) - -Hook was a Scotchman, a man of wealth, and suspected of being -unfriendly to the American cause. During the distresses of the -American army, consequent upon the joint invasion of Cornwallis and -Phillips in 1781, a Mr. Venable, an army commissary, had taken two of -Hook's steers for the use of the troops. The act had not been strictly -legal; and on the establishment of peace, Hook, under the advice of -Mr. Cowan, a gentleman of some distinction in the law, thought proper -to bring an action of trespass against Mr. Venable, in the district -court of New London. Mr. Henry appeared for the defendant, and is said -to have disported himself in this cause to the infinite enjoyment of -his hearers, the unfortunate Hook always excepted. After Mr. Henry -became animated in the cause, says a correspondent [Judge Stuart], he -appeared to have complete control over the passions of his audience: -at one time he excited their indignation against Hook: vengeance was -visible in every countenance; again, when he chose to relax and -ridicule him, the whole audience was in a roar of laughter. He painted -the distresses of the American army, exposed almost naked to the -rigour of a winter's sky, and marking the frozen ground over which -they marched, with the blood of their unshod feet--"where was the -man," he said, "who had an American heart in his bosom, who would not -have thrown open his fields, his barns, his cellar, the doors of his -house, the portals of his breast, to have received with open arms, the -meanest soldier in that little band of patriots? Where is the man? -_There_ he stands--but whether the heart of an American beats in his -bosom, you, gentlemen, are to judge." He then carried the jury, by the -powers of his imagination, to the plains around York, the surrender of -which had followed shortly after the act complained of: he depicted -the surrender in the most glowing and noble colors of his -eloquence--the audience saw before their eyes the humiliation and -dejection of the British, as they marched out of their trenches--they -saw the triumph which lighted up every patriot face, and heard the -shouts of victory, and the cry of "Washington and Liberty!", as it -rung and echoed through the American ranks, and was reverberated from -the hills and shores of the neighboring river--"but, hark!, what notes -of discord are these which disturb the general joy, and silence the -acclamations of victory? They are the notes of _John Hook_, hoarsely -bawling through the American camp, _beef!_ _beef!_ _beef!_" - -The whole audience was convulsed: a particular incident will give a -better idea of the effect, than any general description. The clerk of -the court, unable to command himself, and unwilling to commit any -breach of decorum in his place, rushed out of the court-house, and -threw himself on the grass, in the most violent paroxysm of laughter, -where he was rolling, when Hook, with very different feelings, came -out for relief into the yard also. "Jemmy Steptoe," said he to the -clerk, "what the devil ails ye, mon?" Mr. Steptoe was only able to -say, that _he could not help it_. "Never mind ye," said Hook, "wait -till Billy Cowan gets up: _he'll show_ him the la'." Mr. Cowan, -however, was so completely overwhelmed by the torrent which bore upon -his client, that when he rose to reply to Mr. Henry, he was scarcely -able to make an intelligible or audible remark. The cause was decided -almost by acclamation. The jury retired for form's sake, and instantly -returned with a verdict for the defendant. Nor did the effect of Mr. -Henry's speech stop here. The people were so highly excited by the -tory audacity of such a suit, that Hook began to hear around him a cry -more terrible than that of _beef_; it was the cry of _tar and -feathers_: from the application of which, it is said, that nothing -saved him but a precipitate flight and the speed of his horse. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[6] James Waddell, it is said, was a relative of the celebrated -teacher, Dr. Moses Waddell, of Georgia, president of the State -University, 1819-29. - - - - -JOHN RANDOLPH. - -~1773=1833.~ - - -JOHN RANDOLPH of Roanoke, was born at Cawson's, Virginia, being a -descendant of Pocahontas in the seventh generation. He lost his -father early in life. His beautiful mother, to whom he was devotedly -attached, afterwards married St. George Tucker, who happily was a true -father to her children and educated John himself. Her death in 1788 -was a life-long distress to her gifted son. - -He was a prominent actor in all the stirring political life of the -times, being in Congress from 1800 until his death, except from 1812 -to 1814, and again in 1830 when he was minister to Russia, a position -which he resigned, however, in order to return to the excitement of -politics at home. He freed his slaves by will on his death, which -occurred in Philadelphia as he was preparing to go abroad for his -health. Many anecdotes are told of him, and he is one of the most -interesting and striking figures in our history. See Benton's account -of his duel with Clay; also Life, by Garland, and by Adams. - - -WORKS. - - Letters to a Young Relative. - Addresses. - -John Randolph is noted for his wit, eloquence, and a power of sarcasm -scathing in its intensity which he often employed, thereby making many -enemies. "He is indeed original and unique in everything. His language -is simple, though polished, brief, though rich, and as direct as the -arrow from the Indian bow."--Paulding. - - -THE REVISION OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION. - -(_From a Speech in the Legislature, 1829._) - -Doctor Franklin who in shrewdness, especially in all that related to -domestic life, was never excelled, used to say that two movings were -equal to one fire. And gentlemen, as if they were afraid that this -besetting sin of republican governments, this _rerum novarum lubido_ -(to use a very homely phrase, but that comes pat to the purpose), this -maggot of innovation, would cease to bite, are here gravely making -provision that this Constitution, which we should consider as a remedy -for all the ills of the body politic, may itself be amended or -modified at any future time. Sir, I am against any such provision. I -should as soon think of introducing into a marriage contract a -provision for divorce, and thus poisoning the greatest blessing of -mankind at its very source,--at its fountain-head. He has seen little, -and has reflected less, who does not know that "necessity" is the -great, powerful, governing principle of affairs here. Sir, I am not -going into that question which puzzled Pandemonium,--the question of -liberty and necessity,-- - - "Free will, fixed fate, foreknowledge absolute;" - -but I do contend that necessity is one principal instrument of all the -good that man enjoys. The happiness of the connubial union itself -depends greatly on necessity, and when you touch this you touch the -arch, the keystone of the arch, on which the happiness and well-being -of society is founded. Look at the relation of master and slave (that -opprobrium, in the opinion of some gentlemen, to all civilized society -and all free government). Sir, there are few situations in life where -friendships so strong and so lasting are formed as in that very -relation. The slave knows that he is bound indissolubly to his master, -and must, from necessity, remain always under his control. The master -knows he is bound to maintain and provide always for his slave so long -as he retains him in his possession. And each party accommodates -himself to the situation. I have seen the dissolution of many -friendships,--such, at least, as they were called; but I have seen -that of master and slave endure so long as there remained a drop of -blood of the master to which the slave could cleave. - -Where is the necessity of this provision in the Constitution? Where -is the use of it? Sir, what are we about? Have we not been undoing -what the wiser heads--I must be permitted to say so--yes, Sir, what -the wiser heads of our ancestors did more than half a century ago? -Can any one believe that we, by any amendment of ours, by any of -our scribbling on that parchment, by any amulet, by any -legerdemain--charm--Abracadabra--of ours can prevent our sons from -doing the same thing,--that is, from doing what they please, just -as we are doing as we please? It is impossible. Who can bind -posterity? When I hear gentlemen talk of making a Constitution for -"all time," and introducing provisions into it for "all time," and -yet see men here who are older than the Constitution we are about -to destroy (I am older myself than the present Constitution: it was -established when I was a boy), it reminds me of the truces and the -peaces of Europe. They always begin, "In the name of the most holy -and undivided Trinity," and go on to declare "there shall be -perfect and perpetual peace and unity between the subjects of such -and such potentates for all time to come;" and in less than seven -years they are at war again. - - - - -GEORGE TUCKER. - -~1775=1861.~ - - -GEORGE TUCKER, a relative of St. George Tucker, was, like him, born in -the Bermudas, and came to Virginia in 1787. He was reared and educated -by St. George Tucker, and practiced law in Lynchburg. He served in the -State Legislature and in Congress, and in 1825 he was elected -professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy in the University -of Virginia, a position which he filled for twenty years. His novel, -"Valley of the Shenandoah," was reprinted in England and translated -into German. - -[Illustration: ~University of Virginia.~] - - -WORKS. - - Essays in "Old Bachelor" Series. - Letters on the Conspiracy of Slaves. - Letters on the Roanoke Navigation. - Recollections of Eleanor Rosalie Tucker. - Essays on Taste, Morals, and Policy. - Valley of the Shenandoah. - A Voyage to the Moon. - Principles of Rent, Wages, &c. - Literature of the United States. - Life of Thomas Jefferson. - Theory of Money and Banks. - Essay on Cause and Effect. - Association of Ideas. - Dangers Threatening the United States. - Progress of the United States. - Life of Dr. John P. Emmet. - History of the United States. - Banks or No Banks. - Essays Moral and Philosophical. - Political Economy. - -Prof. Tucker was a voluminous writer and treated many subjects. One or -two early works of imagination and fancy gave place later to -philosophy and political economy, and his style is eminently that of a -thinker. - - -JEFFERSON'S PREFERENCE FOR COUNTRY LIFE. - -(_From Life of Jefferson._) - -He tells the Baron that he is savage enough to prefer the woods, the -wilds, and the independence of Monticello, to all the brilliant -pleasures of the gay metropolis of France. "I shall therefore," he -says, "rejoin myself to my native country, with new attachments, and -with exaggerated esteem for its advantages; for though there is less -wealth there, there is more freedom, more ease, and less misery." - -Declarations of this kind often originate in insincerity and -affectation; sometimes from the wish to appear superior to those -sensual indulgences and light amusements which are to be obtained only -in cities, and sometimes from the pride of seeming to despise what is -beyond our reach. But the sentiment here expressed by Mr. Jefferson is -truly felt by many an American, and we have no reason to doubt it was -felt also by him. There is a charm in the life which one has been -accustomed to in his youth, no matter what the modes of that life may -have been, which always retains its hold on the heart. The Indian who -has passed his first years with his tribe, is never reconciled to the -habits and restraints of civilized life. And although in more -artificial and advanced stages of society, individuals, whether they -have been brought up in the town or the country, are not equally -irreconcilable to a change from one to the other, it commonly takes -some time to overcome their preference for the life they have been -accustomed to; and in many instances it is never overcome, but -continues to haunt the imagination with pleasing pictures of the past -or imaginations of the future, when hope gives assurance that those -scenes of former enjoyment may be renewed. That most of our country -gentlemen, past the heyday of youth, would soon tire of Paris, and -pant after the simple pleasures and exemption from restraint which -their own country affords, is little to be wondered at; but it is the -more remarkable in Mr. Jefferson, and more clearly illustrates the -force of early habit, when it is recollected that he found in the -French metropolis that society of men of letters and science which he -must often have in vain coveted in his own country, and that here he -met with those specimens of music, painting, and architecture, for -which he had so lively a relish. But in these comparisons between the -life we are leading and that which we have left, or are looking -forward to, we must always allow much to the force of the imagination, -and there are few men who felt its influence more than Mr. Jefferson. -In one of his letters to Mr. Carmichael, he says, "I sometimes think -of building a little hermitage at the Natural Bridge, (for it is my -property), and of passing there a part of the year at least." - - -ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. - -(_From the Same._) - -We have seen that the subject of education had long been a favourite -object with Mr. Jefferson, partly from his own lively relish for -literature and science, and partly because he deemed the diffusion of -knowledge among the people essential to the wise administration of a -popular government, and even to its stability. He had not long retired -from public life, before the subject again engaged his serious -attention, and, besides endeavouring to enlist men of influence in -behalf of his favourite scheme of dividing the counties of the State -into wards, and giving the charge of its elementary schools to these -little commonwealths, he also aimed to establish a college, in the -neighbourhood of Charlottesville, for teaching the higher branches of -knowledge, and which, from its central and healthy situation, might be -improved into a university. - -He lived to see this object accomplished, and it owed its success -principally to his efforts. It engrossed his attention for more than -eleven years, in which time he exhibited his wonted judgment and -address, in overcoming the numerous obstacles he encountered, and a -diligence and perseverance which would have been creditable to the -most vigorous period of life. . . . . . . - -In getting the university into operation, he seemed to have regained -the activity and assiduity of his youth. Everything was looked into, -everything was ordered by him. He suggested the remedy for every -difficulty, and made the selection in every choice of expedients. Two -or three times a week he rode down to the establishment to give orders -to the proctor, and to watch the progress of the work still -unfinished. Nor were his old habits of hospitality forgotten. His -invitations to the professors and their families were frequent, and -every Sunday some four or five of the students dined with him. At -these times he generally ate by himself in a small recess connected -with the dining-room; but, saving at meals, sat and conversed with -the company as usual. The number of visiters also to the University -was very great, and they seldom failed to call at Monticello, where -they often passed the day, and sometimes several days. He was so fully -occupied with his duties, as rector of the university, and he found so -much pleasure in the occupation, that for a time every cause of care -and anxiety, of which he now began to have an increased share, was -entirely forgotten; and the sun of his life seemed to be setting with -a soft but unclouded radiance. - - - - -[Illustration: ~Henry Clay.~] - - - - -THIRD PERIOD ... 1800-1850. - - - - -HENRY CLAY. - -~1777=1852.~ - - -HENRY CLAY was born at "The Slashes," Hanover County, Virginia, whence -he got his title, "Mill-Boy of the Slashes." His mother, early left a -widow, was poor, and on her second marriage, to Mr. Henry Watkins, -removed to Kentucky. Henry Clay became a clerk and then a law-student -in Richmond, Va., and in 1797 followed his mother to Kentucky, making -his home in Lexington. He rose speedily to eminence as a jury lawyer, -and in 1803 entered public life as a member of the State Legislature. -In 1806 he entered the United States Senate, and after the war of 1812 -he was sent to Belgium as one of the Commissioners to treat of peace -with Great Britain. - -His share in public life was most important. He was the author of the -Missouri Compromise of 1820, of the Tariff Compromise of 1832, of the -Bill for Protection and Internal Improvements; his agency in the first -two and in the Missouri Compromise of 1850, gaining for him the title -of the "Great Pacificator." With Calhoun and Webster, he formed the -triad of great statesmen who made illustrious our politics in the -first half of the nineteenth century. - -He died in Washington City and was buried in Lexington, Kentucky, -where an imposing column, surmounted by his statue, marks his tomb. In -the Capitol grounds at Richmond there is also a fine monument and -statue to his memory. It has been said of him that no man ever had -more devoted friends and more bitter enemies. See Benton's account of -his duel with Randolph. - -His home, "Ashland," on the suburbs of Lexington, is now a part of the -University of Kentucky. The old Court House in which so many of his -famous speeches were made still stands in Lexington, and is cherished -as an honoured reminder of his greatness in the eyes of his admiring -compatriots. See under A. H. Stephens, _Sketch in the Senate, 1850_; -also, Life, by Prentice, and by Schurz. - - -WORKS. - - Speeches, [of which several collections have been made.] - -Henry Clay was perhaps the greatest popular leader and orator that -America has produced, although his influence will not be so lasting as -that of profounder statesmen. He was a master of the feelings and -could sway the multitude before him as one man. "His style of argument -was by vivid picture, apt comparison, and forcible illustration, -rather than by close reasoning like Webster's, or impregnable logic -like that of Calhoun."--John P. McGuire. - - -TO BE RIGHT ABOVE ALL. - -Sir, I would rather be right than be president. (_In 1850, on being -told that his views would endanger his nomination for the -presidency._) - - -NO GEOGRAPHICAL LINES IN PATRIOTISM. - -I know no North, no South, no East, no West. - - -MILITARY INSUBORDINATION. - -(_From the speech on the Seminole War, delivered 1819._) - -I will not trespass much longer upon the time of the committee; but I -trust I shall be indulged with some few reflections upon the danger -of permitting conduct, [Gen. Jackson's arbitrary court-martial], on -which it has been my painful duty to animadvert, to pass without a -solemn expression of the disapprobation of this House. Recall to your -mind the free nations which have gone before us. Where are they now? - - "Gone glimmering through the dream of things that were, - A school-boy's tale, the wonder of an hour." - -And how have they lost their liberties? If we could transport -ourselves back to the ages when Greece and Rome flourished in their -greatest prosperity, and, mingling in the throng, should ask a Grecian -whether he did not fear that some daring military chieftain, covered -with glory, some Philip or Alexander, would one day overthrow the -liberties of his country, the confident and indignant Grecian would -exclaim, No! no! we have nothing to fear from our heroes; our -liberties shall be eternal. If a Roman citizen had been asked whether -he did not fear that the conqueror of Gaul might establish a throne -upon the ruins of public liberty, he would have instantly repelled the -unjust insinuation. Yet Greece fell; Cæsar passed the Rubicon, and the -patriotic arm even of Brutus could not preserve the liberties of his -devoted country. The celebrated Madame de Staël, in her last and -perhaps her best work, has said that in the very year, almost the very -month, when the president of the Directory declared that monarchy -would never show its frightful head in France, Bonaparte with his -grenadiers entered the palace of St. Cloud, and, dispersing with the -bayonet the deputies of the people, deliberating on the affairs of the -state, laid the foundation of that vast fabric of despotism which -overshadowed all Europe. - -I hope not to be misunderstood; I am far from intimating that General -Jackson cherishes any designs inimical to the liberties of the -country. I believe his intentions to be pure and patriotic. I thank -God that he would not, but I thank Him still more that he could not if -he would, overturn the liberties of the Republic. But precedents, if -bad, are fraught with the most dangerous consequences. Man has been -described, by some of those who have treated of his nature, as a -bundle of habits. The definition is much truer when applied to -governments. Precedents are their habits. There is one important -difference between the formation of habits by an individual and by -government. He contracts it only after frequent repetition. A single -instance fixes the habit and determines the direction of governments. - -Against the alarming doctrine of unlimited discretion in our military -commanders, when applied to prisoners of war, I must enter my protest. -It begins upon them; it will end on us. I hope our happy form of -government is to be perpetual. But if it is to be preserved, it must -be by the practice of virtue, by justice, by moderation, by -magnanimity, by greatness of soul, by keeping a watchful and steady -eye on the executive; and, above all, by holding to a strict -accountability the military branch of the public force. . . . . . . -Beware how you give a fatal sanction, in this infant period of our -republic, scarcely yet two score years old, to military -insubordination. Remember that Greece had her Alexander, Rome her -Cæsar, England her Cromwell, France her Bonaparte, and that, if we -would escape the rock on which they split, we must avoid their errors. - - - - -FRANCIS SCOTT KEY. - -~1780=1843.~ - - -FRANCIS SCOTT KEY was born in Frederick county, Maryland, and was -educated at St. John's College, Annapolis. He became a lawyer, was -appointed District Attorney of the District of Columbia, and spent his -life in Washington City. - -A very handsome monument has been erected to his memory in San -Francisco by Mr. James Lick: his song, the "Star-Spangled Banner," -will be his enduring monument throughout our country. It was composed -during the attack on Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor, 1814. Key had -gone to the British vessel to get a friend released from imprisonment, -in which he succeeded, but he was kept on board the enemy's vessel -until after the attack on the fort; and the song commemorates his -evening and morning watch for the star-spangled banner on Fort -McHenry, and the appearance of the flag in "the morning's first beam" -showed that the attack had been successfully resisted. The words were -written on an old envelope. (See illustrations in the _Century -Magazine_, July, 1894.) - - -WORKS. - - Poems, with a sketch by Chief-Justice Taney. - -[Illustration: ~Star-Spangled Banner.~] - -[Illustration: Obverse - Reverse - ~Seal of the United States.~] - - -THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER. - - Oh! say can you see by the dawn's early light, - What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? - Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the clouds of the fight - O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming! - And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, - Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; - O, say, does that Star-Spangled banner yet wave - O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave? - - On that shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep, - Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, - What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, - As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses? - Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam, - In full glory reflected now shines on the stream; - 'Tis the Star-Spangled banner; O, long may it wave - O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave! - - And where is that band who so vauntingly swore - That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion - A home and a country should leave us no more? - Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. - No refuge could save the hireling and slave - From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave; - And the Star-Spangled banner in triumph doth wave - O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. - - Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand - Between their loved home and the war's desolation! - Blest with victory and peace, may the heaven-rescued land - Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation! - Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, - And this be our motto--"_In God is our trust_"-- - And the Star-Spangled banner in triumph shall wave - O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave. - - - - -JOHN JAMES AUDUBON. - -~1780=1851.~ - -[Illustration: ~Scene in Louisiana.~] - - -JOHN JAMES AUDUBON was born near New Orleans and educated in France -where he studied painting under David. While still a young man, his -father put him in charge of a country estate in Pennsylvania. -Afterwards he engaged in mercantile persuits in Philadelphia, -Louisville, New Orleans, and Henderson, Kentucky, but unsuccessfully; -for he knew and cared much more about the birds, flowers, and beasts -around him than about the kinds and prices of goods that his -neighbors needed. - -His great literary and artistic work is "The Birds of America," -consisting of five volumes of Ornithological Biographies and four -volumes of exquisite portraits of birds, life-size, in natural colors, -and surrounded by the plants which each one most likes. "Quadrupeds of -America" was prepared mainly by his sons and Rev. John Bachman of -South Carolina. These works gave him a European reputation. He died at -Minniesland, now Audubon Park, New York City. - -His style in writing is pure, vivid, and so clear as to place before -us the very thing or event described. The accounts of his travels and -of the adventures he met with in his search for his birds and animals -are very natural and picturesque; and they show also his own fine -nature and attractive character. - -A biography arranged from his diary by Mrs. Audubon was published in -New York, 1868. See also Samuel Smiles' "Brief Biographies." The State -Library of North Carolina possesses a set of Audubon's invaluable -works, of which there are only eight sets in America. - - -THE MOCKING-BIRD. - -It is where the great magnolia shoots up its majestic trunk, crowned -with evergreen leaves, and decorated with a thousand beautiful -flowers, that perfume the air around; where the forests and the fields -are adorned with blossoms of every hue; where the golden orange -ornaments the gardens and groves; where bignonias of various kinds -interlace their climbing stems around the white-flowered Stuartia, -and, mounting still higher, cover the summits of the lofty trees -around, accompanied with innumerable vines, that here and there -festoon the dense foliage of the magnificent woods, lending to the -vernal breeze a slight portion of the perfume of their clustered -flowers; where a genial warmth seldom forsakes the atmosphere; where -berries and fruits of all descriptions are met with at every step; in -a word, kind reader, it is where Nature seems to have paused, as she -passed over the earth, and, opening her stores, to have strewed with -unsparing hand the diversified seeds from which have sprung all the -beautiful and splendid forms which I should in vain attempt to -describe, that the mocking-bird should have fixed his abode, there -only that its wondrous song should be heard. - -But where is that favored land? It is in that great continent to whose -distant shores Europe has sent forth her adventurous sons, to wrest -for themselves a habitation from the wild inhabitants of the forest, -and to convert the neglected soil into fields of exuberant fertility. -It is, reader, in Louisiana that these bounties of nature are in the -greatest perfection. It is there that you should listen to the -love-song of the mocking-bird, as I at this moment do. See how he -flies round his mate, with motions as light as those of the butterfly! -His tail is widely expanded, he mounts in the air to a small distance, -describes a circle, and, again alighting, approaches his beloved one, -his eyes gleaming with delight, for she has already promised to be his -and his only. His beautiful wings are gently raised, he bows to his -love, and, again bouncing upwards, opens his bill and pours forth his -melody, full of exultation at the conquest which he has made. - -They are not the soft sounds of the flute or of the hautboy that I -hear, but the sweeter notes of Nature's own music. The mellowness of -the song, the varied modulations and gradations, the extent of its -compass, the great brilliancy of execution, are unrivalled. There is -probably no bird in the world that possesses all the musical -qualifications of this king of song, who has derived all from Nature's -self. Yes, reader, all! - -No sooner has he again alighted, and the conjugal contract has been -sealed, than, as if his breast was about to be rent with delight, he -again pours forth his notes with more softness and richness than -before. He now soars higher, glancing around with a vigilant eye to -assure himself that none has witnessed his bliss. When these -love-scenes, visible only to the ardent lover of nature, are over, he -dances through the air, full of animation and delight, and as if to -convince his lovely mate that to enrich her hopes he has much more -love in store, he that moment begins anew and imitates all the notes -which Nature has imparted to the other songsters of the grove. - - -THE HUMMING-BIRD. - -No sooner has the returning sun again introduced the vernal season, -and caused millions of plants to expand their leaves and blossoms to -his genial beams, than the little Humming-Bird is seen advancing on -fairy wings, carefully visiting every opening flower-cup, and, like a -curious florist, removing from each the injurious insects that -otherwise would ere long cause their beauteous petals to droop and -decay. Poised in the air, it is observed peeping cautiously, and with -sparkling eyes, into their innermost recesses, while the ethereal -motions of its pinions, so rapid and so light, appear to fan and cool -the flower, without injuring its fragile texture, and produce a -delightful murmuring sound, well adapted for lulling the insects to -repose. Then is the moment for the Humming-Bird to secure them. Its -long delicate bill enters the cup of the flower, and the protruded -double-tubed tongue, delicately sensible, and imbued with a glutinous -saliva, touches each insect in succession, and draws it from its -lurking place, to be instantly swallowed. All this is done in a -moment, and the bird, as it leaves the flower, sips so small a portion -of its liquid honey, that the theft, we may suppose, is looked upon -with a grateful feeling by the flower, which is thus kindly relieved -from the attacks of her destroyers. . . . . . . . Its gorgeous throat -in beauty and brilliancy baffles all competition. Now it glows with a -fiery hue, and again it is changed to the deepest velvety black. The -upper parts of its delicate body are of resplendent changing green; -and it throws itself through the air with a swiftness and vivacity -hardly conceivable. It moves from one flower to another like a gleam -of light, upwards, downwards, to the right, and to the left. - - - - -THOMAS HART BENTON. - -~1782=1858.~ - - -THOMAS HART BENTON was born in Hillsboro, North Carolina, and was -partly educated at the State University. He left before graduation, -however, and removed with his widowed mother to Tennessee, where -twenty-five miles south of Nashville they made a home, around which a -settlement called Bentontown gradually grew up. - -He studied law with St. George Tucker, began to practice in Nashville, -and was elected to the State Legislature in 1811. In 1815 he removed -to St. Louis, and was elected United States Senator in 1820 on the -admission of Missouri to the Union. He worked heartily and -successfully in the interests of settlers in the West. His title "Old -Bullion" was derived from his famous speeches on the currency, during -Jackson's administration, and they gained him a European reputation. - -He and Calhoun were opposed to each other on almost every question, -and they carried on a ferocious warfare in the Senate. He was a -Senator for thirty years, 1820-50, and his great work gives an account -of men and measures during that very exciting and intensely -interesting period, in which he was himself one of the most prominent -actors. - -A fine statue was erected to him in the park at St. Louis. - - -WORKS. - - Thirty Years' View of the Workings of Our Government. - Abridgment of the Debates of Congress. - Examination of the Dred Scott Case. - -Benton's style as an orator was easy, full, and strong, showing him -well acquainted with his subject and confident of his powers. - -The "Thirty Years' View" is noted for its excellent arrangement and -for a style easy and fluent yet not diffuse. "It is a succession of -historical tableaux," of which the following extract presents one of -the most famous. - - -THE DUEL BETWEEN RANDOLPH AND CLAY. - -(_From Thirty Years' View._[7]) - -Saturday, the 8th of April (1826)--the day for the duel--had come, and -almost the hour. It was noon, and the meeting was to take place at 4½ -o'clock. I had gone to see Mr. Randolph before the hour, and for a -purpose; and, besides, it was so far on the way, as he lived half-way to -Georgetown, and we had to pass through that place to cross the Potomac -into Virginia at the Little Falls Bridge. I had heard nothing from him -on the point of not returning the fire since the first communication to -that effect, eight days before. I had no reason to doubt the steadiness -of his determination, but felt a desire to have fresh assurance of it -after so many days' delay, and so near approach of the trying moment. I -knew it would not do to ask him the question--any question which would -imply a doubt of his word. His sensitive feelings would be hurt and -annoyed at it. So I fell upon a scheme to get at the inquiry without -seeming to make it. I told him of my visit to Mr. Clay the night -before--of the late sitting--the child asleep--the unconscious -tranquillity of Mrs. Clay; and added, I could not help reflecting how -different all that might be the next night. He understood me perfectly, -and immediately said, with a quietude of look and expression which -seemed to rebuke an unworthy doubt, _I shall do nothing to disturb the -sleep of the child or the repose of the mother_, and went on with his -employment . . . . which was, making codicils to his will, all in the -way of remembrance to friends. . . . . . . . . . . . I withdrew a little -way into the woods, and kept my eyes fixed on Mr. Randolph, who I then -knew to be the only one in danger. I saw him receive the fire of Mr. -Clay, saw the gravel knocked up in the same place, saw Mr. Randolph -raise his pistol--discharge it in the air; heard him say, _I do not fire -at you, Mr. Clay_; and immediately advancing and offering his hand. He -was met in the same spirit. They met halfway, shook hands, Mr. Randolph -saying, jocosely, _You owe me a coat, Mr. Clay_--(the bullet had passed -through the skirt of the coat, very near the hip)--to which Mr. Clay -promptly and happily replied, _I am glad the debt is no greater_. I had -come up and was prompt to proclaim what I had been obliged to keep -secret for eight days. The joy of all was extreme at this happy -termination of a most critical affair: and we immediately left, with -lighter hearts than we brought. . . . . . . - -On Monday the parties exchanged cards, and social relations were -formally and courteously restored. It was about the last high-toned -duel that I have witnessed, and among the highest-toned that I have -ever witnessed; and so happily conducted to a fortunate issue--a -result due to the noble character of the seconds as well as to the -generous and heroic spirit of the principals. Certainly, duelling is -bad, and has been put down, but not quite so bad as its -substitute--revolvers, bowie-knives, blackguarding, and -street-assassinations under the pretext of self-defence. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[7] By permission of D. Appleton and Company, N. Y. - - - - -JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN. - -~1782=1850.~ - - -JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN is one of the greatest statesmen that America -has produced. He was of Scotch and Irish descent, and was born in -Abbeville County, South Carolina. He received his early education from -his brother-in-law, the distinguished Dr. Moses Waddell, then attended -Yale College, and studied law. Early in life, 1811, he entered the -political arena, and remained in it to the day of his death. - -As Secretary of War under President Monroe, he re-organized the -department on the basis which is still maintained. He was elected -Vice-president with Adams in 1824, re-elected with Jackson, 1828, and -became United States Senator, 1832, succeeding Robert Y. Hayne who had -been chosen governor of South Carolina in the Nullification crisis. - -From this time forth until his death, he was in the midst of incessant -political toil, strife, and activity, having Webster, Clay, Benton, -Hayne, Randolph, Grundy, Hunter, and Cass, for his great companions. -Edward Everett said: "Calhoun, Clay, Webster! I name them in -alphabetical order. What other precedence can be assigned them? Clay -the great leader, Webster the great orator, Calhoun the great -thinker." - -As a boy he must often have heard his father say, "That government is -the best which allows the largest amount of individual liberty -compatible with social order." - -His most famous political act is his advocacy of Nullification, an -explanation and defence of which are found in the extract below. He -was a devoted adherent of the Union. (See under _Jefferson Davis_.) - -His life seems to have been entirely political; but he was very fond -of his home where there was always a cheerful happy household. This -home, "Fort Hill," was in the lovely upland region of South Carolina -in Oconee County. It became the property of his daughter, Mrs. Thomas -G. Clemson, and Mr. Clemson left it at his death to the State, which -has now established there an Agricultural and Mechanical College. - -Mr. Calhoun died in Washington City, and was buried in St. Philip's -Churchyard, Charleston, his grave being marked by a monument. His -preeminence in South Carolina during his life has not ceased with his -death. His picture is found everywhere and his memory is still living -throughout the entire country. See Life, by Jenkins, and by Von Hoist. -See under _Stephens_. - - -WORKS. - - Speeches and State Papers (6 vols.) edited by Richard K. Crallé. - -[Illustration: Old Presbyterian Church at which Calhoun worshiped - JNO C CALHOUN - The Calhoun Homestead at Fort Hill - Calhouns Grave in St. Phillips Churchyard.] - -Calhoun has been called the philosopher of statesmen, and his style -accords with this description. "His eloquence was part of his -intellectual character. It was plain, strong, terse, condensed, -concise; sometimes impassioned, still always severe. Rejecting -ornament, not often seeking far for illustration, his power consisted -in the plainness of his propositions, in the closeness of his logic, -and in the earnestness and energy of his manner."--Daniel Webster. - - -WAR AND PEACE. - -War can make us great; but let it never be forgotten that peace only -can make us both great and free. - - -SYSTEM OF OUR GOVERNMENT. - -(_Speech on State Rights and Union, 1834._) - -I know of no system, ancient or modern, to be compared with it; and -can compare it to nothing but that sublime and beautiful system of -which our globe constitutes a part, and to which it bears, in many -particulars, so striking a resemblance. - - -DEFENCE OF NULLIFICATION. - -(_From a Speech against the Force Bill, after the State of South -Carolina had passed the Ordinance of Nullification, 1833._) - -A deep constitutional question lies at the bottom of the controversy. -The real question at issue is, Has the government a right to impose -burdens on the capital and industry of one portion of the country, not -with a view to revenue, but to benefit another? and I must be -permitted to say that after a long and deep agitation of this -controversy, it is with surprise that I perceive so strong a -disposition to misrepresent its real character. To correct the -impression which those misrepresentations are calculated to make, I -will dwell on the point under consideration a few moments longer. - -The Federal Government has, by an express provision of the -Constitution, the right to lay duties on imports. The state never -denied or resisted this right, nor even thought of so doing. The -government has, however, not been contented with exercising this power -as she had a right to do, but has gone a step beyond it, by laying -imposts, not for revenue, but for protection. This the state considers -as an unconstitutional exercise of power, highly injurious and -oppressive to her and the other staple states, and has accordingly, -met it with the most determined resistance. I do not intend to enter, -at this time, into the argument as to the unconstitutionality of the -protective system. It is not necessary. It is sufficient that the -power is nowhere granted; and that, from the journals of the -Convention which formed the Constitution, it would seem that it was -refused. In support of the journals, I might cite the statement of -Luther Martin, which has already been referred to, to show that the -Convention, so far from conferring the power on the Federal -Government, left to the state the right to impose duties on imports, -with the express view of enabling the several states to protect their -own manufactures. Notwithstanding this, Congress has assumed, without -any warrant from the Constitution, the right of exercising this most -important power, and has so exercised it as to impose a ruinous burden -on the labor and capital of the state of South Carolina, by which her -resources are exhausted, the enjoyments of her citizens curtailed, the -means of education contracted, and all her interests essentially and -injuriously affected. - -We have been sneeringly told that she is a small state; that her -population does not exceed half a million of souls; and that more than -one half are not of the European race. The facts are so. I know she -never can be a great state, and that the only distinction to which she -can aspire must be based on the moral and intellectual acquirements of -her sons. To the development of these much of her attention has been -directed; but this restrictive system, which has so unjustly exacted -the proceeds of her labor, to be bestowed on other sections, has so -impaired the resources of the state, that, if not speedily arrested, -it will dry up the means of education, and with it deprive her of the -only source through which she can aspire to distinction. . . . . - -The people of the state believe that the Union is a union of states, -and not of individuals; that it was formed by the states, and that the -citizens of the several states were bound to it through the acts of -their several states; that each state ratified the Constitution for -itself; and that it was only by such ratification of a state that any -obligation was imposed upon the citizens; thus believing, it is the -opinion of the people of Carolina, that it belongs to the state which -has imposed the obligation to declare, in the last resort, the extent -of this obligation, so far as her citizens are concerned; and this -upon the plain principles which exist in all analogous cases of -compact between sovereign bodies. On this principle, the people of the -state, acting in their sovereign capacity in convention, precisely as -they adopted their own and the federal Constitution, have declared by -the ordinance, that the acts of Congress which imposed duties under -the authority to lay imposts, are acts, not for revenue, as intended -by the Constitution, but for protection, and therefore null and void. - - [Mr. Calhoun's biographer, Mr. Jenkins, adds, - "Nullification, it has been said, was 'a little - hurricane while it lasted;' but it cooled the air, and - 'left a beneficial effect on the atmosphere.' Its - influence was decidedly healthful."] - - -THE WISE CHOICE. - -(_From a speech in 1816._) - -This country is now in a situation similar to that which one of the -most beautiful writers of antiquity ascribes to Hercules in his youth. -He represents the hero as retiring into the wilderness to deliberate -on the course of life which he ought to choose. Two goddesses approach -him; one recommending a life of ease and pleasure; the other, of labor -and virtue. The hero adopts the counsel of the latter, and his fame -and glory are known to the world. May this country, the youthful -Hercules, possessing his form and muscles, be animated by similar -sentiments, and follow his example! - - -OFFICIAL PATRONAGE. - -(_Speech in the Senate, 1835._) - -Their object is to get and hold office; and their leading political -maxim . . . is that, "to the victors belong the spoils of victory!"[8] -. . . Can any one, who will duly reflect on these things, venture to -say that all is sound, and that our Government is not undergoing a -great and fatal change? Let us not deceive ourselves, the very essence -of a free government consists in considering _offices as public -trusts_, bestowed for the good of the country, and not for the benefit -of an individual or a party; and that system of political morals which -regards offices in a different light, as _public prizes_ to be won by -combatants most skilled in all the arts and corruption of political -tactics, and to be used and enjoyed as their proper spoils--strikes a -fatal blow at the very vitals of free institutions. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[8] William L. Marcy of New York, in the Senate, 1831. - - - - -NATHANIEL BEVERLEY TUCKER. - -~1784=1851.~ - - -BEVERLEY TUCKER, as he is usually known, was the son St. George Tucker -and half-brother to John Randolph of Roanoke. He was born at -Williamsburg, Virginia, educated at William and Mary College, and -studied law. From 1815 to 1830 he lived in Missouri and practiced his -profession with great success. He returned to Virginia, and became in -1834 professor of Law in William and Mary College, filling that -position until his death. By his public writings and by correspondence -with various prominent men, he took a leading part in the political -movements of his times. - - -WORKS. - - The Partisan Leader, a Tale of the Future, by William Edward Sydney. - George Balcombe, [a novel.] - Life of John Randolph, [his half-brother.] - Essays, [in Southern Literary Messenger.] - Political Science. - Principles of Pleading. - -Of Judge Tucker's style, his friend, Wm. Gilmore Simms, with whom he -long corresponded, says: "I regard him as one of the best prose -writers of the United States." - -His novel, "The Partisan Leader," made a great sensation. It was -published in 1836; the story was laid in 1849, and described -prophetically almost the exact course of events in 1861. It was -suppressed for political reasons, but was reprinted in 1861 as a "Key -to the Disunion Conspiracy." The extract is from the beginning of the -book and introduces us at once to several interesting characters amid -the wild scenery of our mountains. - - -THE PARTISAN LEADER, (WRITTEN IN 1836). - - [The scene is laid in Virginia, near the close of the - year 1849. By a long series of encroachments by the - federal government on the rights and powers of the - states, our federative system is supposed to be - destroyed, and a consolidated government, with the forms - of a republic and the powers of a monarchy, to be - established on its ruins. . . . . . As a mere political - speculation, it is but too probably correct. We trust - that a benign Providence will so order events as that it - may not prove also a POLITICAL PROPHECY.--Sou. Lit. - Messenger, Jan., 1837.] - -Toward the latter end of the month of October, 1849, about the hour of -noon, a horseman was seen ascending a narrow valley at the Eastern -foot of the Blue Ridge. His road nearly followed the course of a small -stream, which, issuing from a deep gorge of the mountain, winds its -way between lofty hills, and terminates its brief and brawling course -in one of the larger tributaries of the Dan. A glance of the eye took -in the whole of the little settlement that lined its banks, and -measured the resources of its inhabitants. The different tenements -were so near to each other as to allow but a small patch of arable -land to each. Of manufactures there was no appearance, save only a -rude shed at the entrance of the valley, on the door of which the -oft-repeated brand of the horseshoe gave token of a smithy. There, -too, the rivulet, increased by the innumerable springs which afforded -to every habitation the unappreciated, but inappreciable luxury of -water, cold, clear, and sparkling, had gathered strength enough to -turn a tiny mill. Of trade there could be none. The bleak and rugged -barrier, which closed the scene on the west, and the narrow road, -fading to a foot-path, gave assurance to the traveller that he had -here reached the _ne plus ultra_ of social life in that -direction. . . . . At length he heard a sound of voices, and then a -shrill whistle, and all was still. Immediately, some half a dozen men, -leaping a fence, ranged themselves across the road and faced him. He -observed that each, as he touched the ground, laid hold of a rifle -that leaned against the enclosure, and this circumstance drew his -attention to twenty or more of these formidable weapons, ranged along -in the same position. . . . As the traveller drew up his horse, one of -the men, speaking in a low and quiet tone, said, "We want a word with -you, stranger, before you go any farther." - -"As many as you please," replied the other, "for I am tired and -hungry, and so is my horse; and I am glad to find some one at last, -of whom I may hope to purchase something for both of us to eat." - -"_That_ you can have quite handy," said the countryman, "for we have -been gathering corn, and were just going to our dinner. If you will -only just 'light, sir, one of the boys can feed your horse, and you -can take such as we have got to give you." - -The invitation was accepted; the horse was taken in charge by a -long-legged lad of fifteen, without hat or shoes; and the whole party -crossed the fence together. - -At the moment a man was seen advancing toward them, who, observing -their approach, fell back a few steps, and threw himself on the ground -at the foot of a large old apple-tree. Around this were clustered a -motley group of men, women, and boys, who opened and made way for the -stranger. He advanced, and bowing gracefully took off his forage cap, -from beneath which a quantity of soft curling flaxen hair fell over -his brow and cheeks. Every eye was now fixed on him, with an -expression rather of interest than of mere curiosity. Every -countenance was serious and composed, and all wore an air of business, -except that a slight titter was heard among the girls, who, hovering -behind the backs of their mothers, peeped through the crowd, to get a -look at the handsome stranger. . . . . - -As the youth approached, the man at the foot of the tree arose, and -returned the salutation, which seemed unheeded by the rest. He -advanced a step or two and invited the stranger to be seated. This -action, and the looks turned towards him by the others, showed that he -was in authority of some sort among them. With him, therefore, our -traveller concluded that the proposed conference was to be -held. . . . . . . . . . - -He was at length asked whence he came, and answered, from the -neighborhood of Richmond.--From which side of the river?--From the -north side.--Did he know anything of Van Courtlandt?--His camp was at -Bacon's branch, just above the town.--What force had he? - -"I cannot say, certainly," he replied, "but common fame made his -numbers about four thousand." - -"Is that all, on both sides of the river?" said his interrogator. - -"O, no! Col. Loyal's regiment is at Petersburg, and Col. Cole's at -Manchester; each about five hundred strong; and there is a piquet on -the Bridge Island." - -"Did you cross there?" - -"I did not." - -"Where, then?" he was asked. - -"I can hardly tell you," he replied, "it was at a private ford, -several miles above Cartersville." - -"Was not that mightily out of the way? What made you come so far -around?" - -"It was safer travelling on that side of the river." - -"Then the people on that side of the river are your friends?" - -"No. They are not. But, as they are all of a color there, they would -let me pass, and ask no questions, as long as I travelled due west. On -this side, if you are one man's friend, you are the next man's enemy; -and I had no mind to answer questions." - -"You seem to answer them now mighty freely." - -"That is true. I am like a letter that tells all it knows as soon as -it gets to the right hand; but it does not want to be opened before -that." - -"And how do you know that you have got to the right hand now?" - -"Because I know where I am." - -"And where are you?" - -"Just at the foot of the Devil's-Backbone," replied the youth. - -"Were you ever here before?" - -"Never in my life." - -"How do you know then where you are?" asked the mountaineer. - -"Because the right way to avoid questions is to ask none. So I took -care to know all about the road, and the country, and the place, -before I left home." - -"And who told you all about it?" - -"Suppose I should tell you," answered the young man, "that Van -Courtlandt had a map of the country made, and gave it to me." - -"I should say you were a traitor to him, or a spy upon us," was the -stern reply. - -At the same moment, a startled hum was heard from the crowd, and the -press moved and swayed for an instant, as if a sort of spasm had -pervaded the whole mass. - -"You are a good hand at questioning," said the youth, with a smile, -"but without asking a single question, I have found out all I wanted -to know." - -"And what was that?" asked the other. - -"Whether you were friends to the Yorkers and Yankees, or to poor old -Virginia." - -"And which _are_ we for?" added the laconic mountaineer. - -"For _old Virginia forever_," replied the youth. . . . . It was echoed -in a shout, . . . . their proud war-cry of "_old Virginia forever_." - - - - -DAVID CROCKETT. - -~1786=1836.~ - - -This renowned hunter and pioneer, commonly called Davy Crockett, was -born in Limestone, Green County, Tennessee. His free and wild youth -was spent in hunting. He became a soldier in the war of 1812: he was -elected to the Tennessee Legislature in 1821 and 1823, and to Congress -in 1829 and 1833. His eccentricity of manners, his lack of education, -and his strong common sense and shrewdness made him a marked figure, -especially in Washington. In 1835 he went to Texas to aid in the -struggle for independence; and in 1836, was massacred by General Santa -Anna, with five other prisoners, after the surrender of the Alamo, -these six being the only survivors of a band of one hundred and forty -Texans. See Life by Edward S. Ellis. - - -WORKS. - - Autobiography. - A Tour to the North and Down East. - Life of Van Buren, Heir-Apparent to the Government. - -Crockett's autobiography was written to correct various mistakes in an -unauthorized account of his life and adventures, that was largely -circulated. His books are unique in literature as he is in human -nature, and they give us an original account of things. As to literary -criticism of his works and style, see his own opinion in the extract -below. - - -SPELLING AND GRAMMAR--HIS PROLOGUE. - -(_From A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, of the State of -Tennessee. Written by Himself. 1834._) - -[Illustration: ~Alamo, San Antonio, Texas.~] - -I don't know of anything in my book to be criticised on by honourable -men. Is it on my spelling?--that's not my trade. Is it on my -grammar?--I hadn't time to learn it, and make no pretensions to it. -Is it on the order and arrangement of my book?--I never wrote one -before, and never read very many; and, of course, know mighty little -about that. Will it be on the authorship of the book?--this I claim, -and I'll hang on to it, like a wax plaster. The whole book is my own, -and every sentiment and sentence in it. I would not be such a fool, or -knave either, as to deny that I have had it hastily run over by a -friend or so, and that some little alterations have been made in the -spelling and grammar; and I am not so sure that it is not the worse of -even that, for I despise this way of spelling contrary to nature. And -as for grammar, it's pretty much a thing of nothing at last, after all -the fuss that's made about it. In some places, I wouldn't suffer -either the spelling, or grammar, or anything else to be touch'd; and -therefore it will be found in my own way. - -But if anybody complains that I have had it looked over, I can only -say to him, her, or them--as the case may be--that while critics were -learning grammar, and learning to spell, I, and "Doctor Jackson, -L. L. D." were fighting in the wars; and if our books, and messages, -and proclamations, and cabinet writings, and so forth, and so on, -should need a little looking over, and a little correcting of the -spelling and grammar to make them fit for use, it's just nobody's -business. Big men have more important matters to attend to than -crossing their _t's_ and dotting their _i's_--, and such like small -things. - - -ON A BEAR HUNT. - -(_From the Life of David Crockett. Written by Himself. 1834._) - -It was mighty dark, and was difficult to see my way or anything else. -When I got up the hill, I found I had passed the dogs, and so I turned -and went to them. I found, when I got there, they had treed the bear -in a large forked poplar, and it was setting in the fork. I could see -the lump, but not plain enough to shoot with any certainty, as there -was no moonlight; and so I set in to hunting for some dry brush to -make me a light; but I could find none. - -At last I thought I could shoot by guess, and kill him; so I pointed -as near the lump as I could, and fired away. But the bear didn't come; -he only clomb up higher, and got out on a limb, which helped me to see -him better. I now loaded up again and fired, but this time he didn't -move at all. I commenced loading for a third fire, but the first thing -I knowed the bear was down among my dogs, and they were fighting all -around me. I had my big butcher in my belt, and I had a pair of -dressed buckskin breeches on. So I took out my knife, and stood, -determined, if he should get hold of me, to defend myself in the best -way I could. I stood there for some time, and could now and then see a -white dog I had, but the rest of them, and the bear, which were dark -coloured, I couldn't see at all, it was so miserable dark. They still -fought around me, and sometimes within three feet of me; but, at last, -the bear got down into one of the cracks that the earthquake had made -in the ground, about four feet deep, and I could tell the biting end -of him by the hollering of my dogs. So I took my gun and pushed the -muzzle of it about, till I thought I had it against the main part of -his body, and fired; but it happened to be only the fleshy part of his -foreleg. With this, I jumped out of the crack, and he and the dogs had -another hard fight around me, as before. At last, however, they forced -him back into the crack again, as he was when I had shot. . . - -I made a lounge with my long knife, and fortunately stuck him right -through the heart; at which he just sank down, and I crawled out in a -hurry. In a little while my dogs all come out too, and seemed -satisfied, which was the way they always had of telling me that they -had finished him. . . . . . . . - -We prepared for resting that night, and I can a-sure the reader I was -in need of it. We had laid down by our fire, and about ten o'clock -there came a most terrible earthquake, which shook the earth so, that -we were rocked about like we had been in a cradle. We were very much -alarmed; for though we were accustomed to feel earthquakes, we were -now right in the region which had been torn to pieces by them in 1812, -and we thought it might take a notion and swallow us up, like the big -fish did Jonah. - -In the morning we packed up and moved to the harricane, where we made -another camp, and turned out that evening and killed a very large -bear, which made _eight_ we had now killed in this hunt. - -The next morning we entered the harricane again, and in little or no -time my dogs were in full cry. We pursued them, and soon came to a -thick cane-brake in which they had stopp'd their bear. We got up close -to him, as the cane was so thick that we couldn't see more than a few -feet. Here I made my friend hold the cane a little open with his gun -till I shot the bear, which was a mighty large one. I killed him dead -in his tracks. We got him out and butchered him, and in a little time -started another and killed him, which now made ten we had killed and -we know'd we couldn't pack any more home, as we had only five horses -along; therefore we returned to the camp and salted up all our meat, -to be ready for a start homeward next morning. - -The morning came and we packed our horses with the meat, and had as -much as they could possibly carry, and sure enough cut out for home. -It was about thirty miles, and we reached home the second day. I -. . . had killed in all, up to that time, fifty-eight bears, during -the fall and winter. - -As soon as the time came for them to quit their houses and come out -again in the spring, I took a notion to hunt a little more, and in -about one month I had killed forty-seven more, which made one hundred -and five bears I had killed in less than one year from that -time. . . . - - -Motto.--Be sure you are right--then go ahead. - - - - -RICHARD HENRY WILDE. - -~1789=1847.~ - - -RICHARD HENRY WILDE was a native of Ireland but was brought to this -country when a child of nine. His father died in 1802 and the widowed -mother took up her residence in Augusta, Georgia. He studied law and -became a successful practitioner. He was Attorney-General of the -State, and served also in the Legislature and in Congress. He spent -the years 1834-40 in Europe studying chiefly Italian literature; in -his researches he discovered some old documents relating to Dante and -a portrait of him painted by Giotto on a wall which had become covered -over with whitewash. On his return to America he settled in New -Orleans and became professor of Law in the University of Louisiana. He -died there of yellow fever. - -He began an epic poem, suggested by the life and adventures of his -brother, James Wilde, in the Seminole war. But it was never finished: -all that remains of it now is the fine lyric, "My Life is Like the -Summer Rose." This song was translated by Anthony Barclay into Greek -and announced to be a newly discovered ode of Alcaeus. This claim was -soon disproved by the scholars, and to Mr. Wilde was given his due -meed of poetic authorship. It appears in Stedman's "Library of -American Literature," as dedicated to Mrs. White-Beatty, daughter of -Gen. John Adair, of Ky., the beautiful "Florida White" of "Casa -Bianca," Florida.--See Life, Labors, and Grave of Wilde, by C. C. -Jones, Jr. - - -WORKS. - - Conjectures and Researches concerning the Love, Madness, and - Imprisonment of Tasso, (containing translations of poems.) - Petrarch. - Poems, original and translated. - Life of Dante, [unfinished.] - Hesperia. - - -MY LIFE IS LIKE THE SUMMER ROSE. - - My life is like the summer rose, - That opens to the morning sky, - And ere the shades of evening close, - Is scattered on the ground to die; - Yet on that rose's humble bed - The sweetest dews of night are shed - As though she wept such waste to see; - But none shall weep a tear for me! - - My life is like the autumn leaf - Which trembles in the moon's pale ray, - Its hold is frail, its date is brief, - Restless, and soon to pass away; - Yet when that leaf shall fall and fade, - The parent tree will mourn its shade, - The wind bewail the leafless tree; - But none shall breathe a sigh for me! - - My life is like the prints which feet - Have left on Tampa's desert strand, - Soon as the rising tide shall beat - Their trace will vanish from the sand; - Yet still as grieving to efface - All vestige of the human race, - On that lone shore loud moans the sea; - But none, alas! shall mourn for me! - - - - -AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET. - -~1790=1870.~ - - -AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET was born in Augusta, Georgia. He became -first a lawyer and was elected to the State Legislature in 1821 and -judge of the Superior Court in 1822. Later he became a clergyman in -the Methodist Church and president of Emory College, Georgia, being -afterwards successively president of Centenary College, Louisiana, of -the University of Mississippi, and of South Carolina College. - -His best-known book, "Georgia Scenes," seems in his later days to have -troubled his conscience and he tried to suppress it entirely. But -sketches so amusing and so true to life would not be suppressed. See -Sketch in Miss Rutherford's American Authors, (Atlanta). - - -WORKS. - - Essays and Articles in various magazines. - Letters to Clergymen of the Northern Methodist Church. - Letters from Georgia to Massachusetts. - Georgia Scenes, Characters, Incidents, in First Half Century of - the Republic, by a Native Georgian. - Master William Mitten. - - -NED BRACE AT CHURCH. - -(_From Georgia Scenes, first edition, 1835._[9]) - - [Ned Brace was a real personage, Judge Edmund Bacon, - born in Virginia, 1776, lived in Edgefield, South - Carolina, and died there in 1826. He was of very social, - hospitable nature, a practical joker, and, as Dr. Maxcy - called him, "a perfect Garrick" in his conversation. He - was a lawyer of great ability, and when very young and a - student at Augusta he was appointed to deliver an - address of welcome to Washington on his Southern tour. - If the following anecdotes are not true, they might well - have been, as Judge Longstreet says.] - -This being the Sabbath, at the usual hour Ned went to Church, and -selected for his morning service one of those Churches in which the -pews are free, and in which the hymn is given out and sung by the -congregation, a half recitative. - -Ned entered the Church, in as fast a walk as he could possibly assume; -proceeded about half down the aisle, and popped himself down in his -seat as quick as if he had been shot. The more thoughtless of the -congregation began to titter, and the graver peeped up slily, but -solemnly at him. - -The pastor rose, and, before giving out the hymn, observed that -_singing_ was a part of the service, in which he thought the whole -congregation ought to join. Thus saying, he gave out the first lines -of the hymn. As soon as the tune was raised, Ned struck in, with one -of the loudest, hoarsest, and most discordant voices that ever annoyed -a solemn assembly. - -"I would observe," said the preacher, before giving out the next two -lines, "that there are some people who have not the gift of singing; -such, of course, are not expected to sing." - -Ned took the hint and sang no more; but his entrance into church, and -his entrance into the hymn, had already dispersed the solemnity of -three fifths of the congregation. - -As soon as the pastor commenced his sermon, Ned opened his eyes, threw -back his head, dropt his under jaw, and surrendered himself to the -most intense interest. The preacher was an indifferent one; and by as -much as he became dull and insipid, by so much did Ned become absorbed -in his discourse. And yet it was impossible for the nicest observer to -detect anything in his looks or manner, short of the most solemn -devotion. The effect which his conduct had upon the congregation, and -their subsequent remarks, must be left to the imagination of the -reader. I give but one remark: "Bless that good man who came in the -church so quick," said a venerable matron as she left the church -door, "how he was affected by the _sarment_." - -Ned went to church no more on that day. About four o'clock in the -afternoon, while he was standing at the tavern door, a funeral -procession passed by, at the foot of which, and singly, walked one of -the smallest men I ever saw. As soon as he came opposite the door, Ned -stepped out and joined him with great solemnity. The contrast between -the two was ludicrously striking, and the little man's looks and -uneasiness plainly showed that he felt it. However, he soon became -reconciled to it. They proceeded but a little way before Ned inquired -of his companion who was dead. - -"Mr. Noah Bills," said the little man. - -"Nan?" said Ned, raising his hand to his ear in token of deafness, and -bending his head to the speaker. - -"Mr. Noah Bills," repeated the little man, loud enough to disturb the -two couples immediately before him. - -"Mrs. Noel's Bill!" said Ned with mortification and astonishment. "Do -the white persons pay such respect to niggers in Savannah? _I_ sha'n't -do it." So saying, he left the procession. - -The little man was at first considerably nettled; but upon being left -to his own reflections, he got into an uncontrollable fit of laughter, -as did the couple immediately in advance of him, who overheard Ned's -remark. The procession now exhibited a most mortifying spectacle--the -head of it in mourning and in tears, and the foot of it convulsed with -laughter. - - -A SAGE CONVERSATION. - -(_From Georgia Scenes, first edition, 1835._) - -[Three old women over their pipes.] - -_Mrs. Shad._--The old man likes a joke yet right well, the old man -does; but he's a mighty good man, and I think he prays with greater -libity, than most any one of his age I most ever seed,--don't you -think he does, Mis' Reed? - -_Mrs. Reed._--Powerful. - -_Mrs. Barney._.--Who did he marry? - -_Mrs. Shad._--Why, he married--stop, I'll tell you directly--Why, what -does make my old head forget so? - -_Mrs. Barney._--Well, it seems to me I don't remember like I used to. -Didn't he marry a Ramsbottom? - -_Mrs. Reed._--No. Stay, I'll tell you who he married presently. Oh, -stay! Why I'll tell you who he married! He married old daddy Johnny -Hooer's da'ter, Mournin'. - -_Mrs. Shad._--Why, la! messy on me, so he did! - -_Mrs. Barney._--Why, did he marry a Hooer? - -_Mrs. Shad._--Why, to be sure he did.--You knew Mournin'. - -_Mrs. Barney._--Oh, mighty well; but I'd forgot that brother Smith -married her. I really thought he married a Ramsbottom. - -_Mrs. Reed._--Oh no, bless your soul, honey, he married Mournin'. - -_Mrs. Barney._--Well, the law me, I'm clear beat! - -_Mrs. Shad._--Oh, it's so, you may be sure it is. - -_Mrs. Barney._--Emph, emph, emph, emph! And brother Smith married -Mournin' Hooer! Well, I'm clear put out! Seems to me I'm gettin' -mighty forgetful somehow. - -_Mrs. Shad._--Oh yes, he married Mournin', and I saw her when she -joined society. - -_Mrs. Barney._--Why, you don't tell me so! - -_Mrs. Shad._--Oh, it's the truth. She didn't join till after she was -married, and the church took on mightily about his marrying one out of -society. But after she joined, they all got satisfied. - -_Mrs. Reed._--Why, la! me, the seven stars is 'way over here! - -_Mrs. Barney._--Well, let's light our pipes, and take a short smoke, -and go to bed. How did you come on raisin' chickens this year, Mis' -Shad? - -_Mrs. Shad._--La messy, honey! I have had mighty bad luck. I had the -prettiest pa'sel you most ever seed, till the varment took to killin' -'em. - -_Mrs. Reed and Mrs. Barney._--The varment!! - -_Mrs. Shad._--Oh, dear, yes. The hawk catched a powerful sight of -them; and then the varment took to 'em, and nat'ly took 'em fore and -aft, bodily, till they left most none at all hardly. Sucky counted 'em -up t'other day, and there warn't but thirty-nine, she said, countin' -in the old speckle hen's chickens that jist come off her nest. - -_Mrs. Reed and Mrs. Barney._--Humph--h--h! - -_Mrs. Reed._--Well, I've had bad luck, too. Billy's hound-dogs broke -up most all my nests. - -_Mrs. Barney._--Well, so they did me, Mis' Reed. I always did despise -a hound-dog upon the face of yea'th. - -_Mrs. Reed._--Oh, they are the bawllinest, squallinest, thievishest -things ever was about one; but Billy will have 'em, and I think in my -soul his old Troup's the beat of all creaters I ever seed in all my -born days a-suckin' o' hen's eggs. He's clean most broke me up -entirely. - -_Mrs. Shad._--The lackaday! - -_Mrs. Reed._--And them that was hatched out, some took to takin' the -gaps, and some the pip, and one ailment or other, till they most all -died. . . . - -_Mrs. Barney._--I reckon they must have eat something didn't agree -with them. - -_Mrs. Reed._--No, they didn't, for I fed 'em every mornin' with my own -hand. - -_Mrs. Barney._--Well, it's mighty curious! - -A short pause ensued, which was broken by Mrs. Barney with, "And -brother Smith married Mournin' Hooer!" - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[9] By special kindness of Mr. Charles Edgeworth Jones, Augusta, Ga. - - - - -ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE. - -~1791=1839.~ - - -ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE was born in St. Paul's Parish, Colleton District, -South Carolina, and was educated in Charleston. He became a lawyer; he -served in the war of 1812, and was in the State Legislature from 1814 -to 1818. He was Attorney-General of the United States under President -Monroe, and in 1823 was elected to the Senate. His most famous speech -is that in the debate with Daniel Webster on the Right of -Nullification. - -South Carolina passed the ordinance of Nullification in November, -1832, elected Mr. Hayne governor, and when President Jackson issued a -martial proclamation against her action, she prepared for war. Mr. -Clay's Tariff Compromise prevented any outbreak. - -Mr. Hayne died in Asheville, North Carolina, yet in the prime of life. -See his Life by Paul Hamilton Hayne. - - -WORKS. - - Speeches. - -Mr. Hayne was one of the leaders in the stirring times in which he -lived; the extract following gives an example of his bold, fearless -eloquence, and his power in debate. - - -STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND LIBERTY. - -(_From the Debate with Webster in the Senate, 1830._) - -Sir, there have existed, in every age and in every country, two -distinct orders of men--the _lovers of freedom_ and the devoted -_advocates of power_. - -The same great leading principles, modified only by the peculiarities -of manners, habits, and institutions, divided parties in the ancient -republics, animated the Whigs and Tories of Great Britain, -distinguished in our own times the Liberals and Ultras of France, and -may be traced even in the bloody struggles of unhappy Spain. Sir, when -the gallant Riego, who devoted himself and all that he possessed to -the liberties of his country, was dragged to the scaffold, followed by -the tears and lamentations of every lover of freedom throughout the -world, he perished amid the deafening cries of "Long live the absolute -King!" The people whom I represent, Mr. President, are the descendants -of those who brought with them to this country, as the most precious -of their possessions, "an ardent love of liberty"; and while that -shall be preserved, they will always be found manfully struggling -against the consolidation of the Government as the worst of -evils. . . . . . - -The Senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to -call the Carolina doctrine, has attempted to throw ridicule upon the -idea that a State has any constitutional remedy, by the exercise of -its sovereign authority, against "a gross, palpable, and deliberate -violation of the Constitution." He calls it "an idle" or "a ridiculous -notion," or something to that effect, and added, that it would make -the Union a "mere rope of sand." Now, sir, as the gentleman has not -condescended to enter into any examination of the question, and has -been satisfied with throwing the weight of his authority into the -scale, I do not deem it necessary to do more than to throw into the -opposite scale the authority on which South Carolina relies; and -there, for the present, I am perfectly willing to leave the -controversy. . . . . . . . - -. . . The doctrine that it is the right of a State to judge of the -violations of the Constitution on the part of the Federal Government, -and to protect her citizens from the operations of unconstitutional -laws, was held by the enlightened citizens of Boston, who assembled -in Faneuil Hall, on the 25th of January, 1809. They state, in that -celebrated memorial, that "they looked only to the State Legislature, -which was competent to devise relief against the unconstitutional acts -of the General Government. That your power (say they) is adequate to -that object, is evident from the organization of the confederacy." -. . . . - -[Illustration: ~University of North Carolina.~] - -Thus it will be seen, Mr. President, that the South Carolina doctrine -is the Republican doctrine of '98,--that it was promulgated by the -fathers of the faith,--that it was maintained by Virginia and Kentucky -in the worst of times,--that it constituted the very pivot on which -the political revolution of that day turned,--that it embraces the -very principles, the triumph of which, at that time, saved the -Constitution "at its last gasp," and which New England statesmen were -not unwilling to adopt when they believed themselves to be the victims -of unconstitutional legislation. Sir, as to the doctrine that the -Federal Government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the -limitations of its power, it seems to me to be utterly perversive of -the sovereignty and independence of the States. It makes but little -difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court -are invested with this power. If the Federal Government, in all, or -any, of its departments, is to prescribe the limits of its own -authority, and the States are bound to submit to the decision, and are -not to be allowed to examine and decide when the barriers of the -Constitution shall be overleaped, this is practically, "a government -without limitation of powers." The States are at once reduced to mere -petty corporations, and the people are entirely at your mercy. I have -but one word more to add. In all the efforts that have been made by -South Carolina to resist the unconstitutional laws which Congress has -extended over her, she has kept steadily in view the preservation of -the Union, by the only means by which she believes it can be long -preserved--a firm, manly, and steady resistance against -usurpation. . . . Sir, if, acting on these high motives,--if, animated -by that ardent love of liberty, which has always been the most -prominent trait in the Southern character, we should be hurried beyond -the bounds of a cold and calculating prudence; who is there, with one -noble and generous sentiment in his bosom, who would not be disposed, -in the language of Burke, to exclaim, "You must pardon something to -the spirit of liberty"? - - - - -SAM HOUSTON. - -~1793=1863.~ - - -GENERAL SAM HOUSTON, first President of Texas, was born in Rockbridge -County, Virginia, but his widowed mother removed in his childhood to -Tennessee and settled near the Cherokee Country. Here he was much with -the Indians and was adopted by a chief named Oolooteka, who called him -Coloneh (the Rover). - -In 1813 he became a soldier in the Creek war and was almost fatally -wounded at the battle of Tohopeka, or Horse-shoe Bend, Alabama. In -1818 he decided to study law and went to Nashville, where he became -quite successful as a lawyer and soon received political honors, being -elected member of Congress in 1823 and governor of Tennessee in 1827. - -In 1829 he left Tennessee for the West, spent three years in Arkansas -among the Cherokees who had emigrated thither, his old friend -Oolooteka being one of them; and in 1832 went to Texas, with which -State his after life is connected. He was made Commander-in-Chief of -the Texan forces in the struggle for independence against Mexico, and -by the battle of San Jacinto, 1836, he put an end to the war, and in -the same year he was elected first President of the Republic of Texas. -He was elected again in 1841 after Lamar's administration; and when in -1845 Texas became a State in the Union, he entered the United States -Senate where he served until 1859. He was governor of Texas from 1859 -to 1861 and then retired to private life. He is buried at Huntsville. - -He was ever a warm friend to the Indians; he was opposed to secession, -and took little interest and no part in the Confederate war, except by -allowing his oldest son to enter its service. - -His life by Rev. Wm. Carey Crane, President of Baylor University, -gives a graphic account of a most interesting and independent -character; and it contains also his literary remains, consisting of -_State Papers_, _Indian Talks_, _Letters_, and _Speeches_. - - -CAUSE OF THE TEXAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. - -(_From a Letter to Santa Anna, 1842._) - -The people of Texas were invited to migrate to this country for the -purpose of enjoying equal rights and constitutional liberty. They were -promised the shield of the Constitution of 1824, adopted by Mexico. -Confiding in this pledge, they removed to the country to encounter all -the privations of a wilderness, under the alluring promises of free -institutions. Other reasons operated also. Citizens of the United -States had engaged in the revolution of Mexico, in 1812. They fought -gallantly in the achievement of Mexican independence, and many of them -survive, and to this day occupy the soil which their privations and -valor assisted in achieving. On their removal here, they brought with -them no aspirations or projects but such as were loyal to the -Constitution of Mexico. They repelled the Indian savages; they -encountered every discomfort; they subdued the wilderness, and -converted into cultivated fields the idle waste of this now prolific -territory. Their courage and enterprise achieved that which the -imbecility of your countrymen had either neglected, or left for -centuries unaccomplished. Their situation, however, was not -disregarded by Mexico, though she did not, as might have been -expected, extend to them a protecting and fostering care, but viewed -them as objects of cupidity, rapacity, and at last jealousy. - -The Texans, enduring the annoyances and oppressions inflicted upon -them, remained faithful to the Constitution of Mexico. In 1832, when -an attempt was made to destroy that Constitution, and when you, sir, -threw yourself forward as its avowed champion, you were sustained with -all the fidelity and valor that freemen could contribute. On the -avowal of your principles, and in accordance with them, the people put -down the serviles of despotism at Anahuac, Velasco, and Nacogdoches. -They treated the captives of that struggle with humanity, and sent -them to Mexico subject to your orders. They regarded you as the friend -of liberty and free institutions; they hailed you as a benefactor of -mankind; your name and your actions were lauded, and the -manifestations you had given in behalf of the nation were themes of -satisfaction and delight to the Texan patriots. - -You can well imagine the transition of feeling which ensued on your -accession to power. Your subversion of the Constitution of 1824, your -establishment of centralism, your conquest of Zacatecas, characterized -by every act of violence, cruelty, and rapine, inflicted upon us the -profoundest astonishment. We realized all the uncertainty of men -awakening to reality from the unconsciousness of delirium. In -succession came your orders for the Texans to surrender their private -arms. The mask was thrown aside and the monster of despotism displayed -in all the habiliments of loathsome detestation. - -There was presented to Texans the alternative of tamely crouching to -the tyrant's lash, or exalting themselves to the attributes of -freemen. They chose the latter. To chastise them for their presumption -induced your advance upon Texas, with your boasted veteran army, -mustering a force nearly equal to the whole population of this country -at that time. You besieged and took the Alamo: but under what -circumstances? Not those, surely, which should characterize a general -of the nineteenth century. You assailed one hundred and fifty men, -destitute of every supply requisite for the defence of that place. Its -brave defenders, worn by vigilance and duty beyond the power of human -nature to sustain, were at length overwhelmed by a force of nine -thousand men, and the place taken. I ask you, sir, what scenes -followed? Were they such as should characterize an able general, a -magnanimous warrior, and the President of a great nation numbering -eight millions of souls? No. Manliness and generosity would sicken at -the recital of the scenes incident to your success, and humanity -itself would blush to class you among the chivalric spirits of the age -of vandalism.[10] This you have been pleased to class as in the -"succession of your victories;" and I presume you would next include -the massacre at Goliad. - -Your triumph there, if such you are pleased to term it, was not the -triumph of arms--it was the success of perfidy. Fannin and his brave -companions had beaten back and defied your veteran soldiers. Although -outnumbered more than seven to one, their valiant, hearty, and -indomitable courage, with holy devotion to the cause of freedom, -foiled every effort directed by your general to insure his success by -arms. He had recourse to a flag of truce; and when the surrender of -the little patriot band was secured by the most solemn treaty -stipulations, what were the tragic scenes that ensued to Mexican -perfidy? The conditions of surrender were submitted to you; and, -though you have denied the facts, instead of restoring them to -liberty, according to the capitulation, you ordered them to be -executed contrary to every pledge given them, contrary to the rules of -war, and contrary to every principle of humanity. - - -BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO. - -(_From General Houston's Report to Hon. D. G. Burnet, Provisional -President of the Republic of Texas, April 25, 1836._) - -I have the honor to inform you that on the evening of the eighteenth -instant, after a forced march of fifty-five miles, which was effected -in two days and a half, the army arrived opposite Harrisburg. That -evening a courier of the enemy was taken, from whom I learned that -General Santa Anna, with one division of his choice troops, had -marched in the direction of Lynch's Ferry, on the San Jacinto, burning -Harrisburg as he passed down. The army was ordered to be in readiness -to march early on the next morning. The main body effected a crossing -over Buffalo Bayou, below Harrisburg, on the morning of the 19th, -having left the baggage, the sick, and a sufficient camp guard in the -rear. We continued the march throughout the night, making but one halt -in the prairie for a short time, and without refreshment. - -At daylight we resumed the line of march, and in a short distance our -scouts encountered those of the enemy, and we received information -that General Santa Anna was at New Washington, and would that day take -up the line of march for Anahuac, crossing at Lynch's Ferry. The Texan -army halted within half a mile of the ferry in some timber, and were -engaged in slaughtering beeves, when the army of Santa Anna was -discovered to be approaching in battle array, having been encamped at -Clopper's Point, eight miles below. Disposition was immediately made -of our forces, and preparation for his reception. He took a position -with his infantry and artillery in the centre, occupying an island of -timber, his cavalry covering the left flank. - -The artillery, consisting of one double fortified medium brass -twelve-pounder, then opened on our encampment. The infantry in column -advanced with the design of charging our lines, but were repulsed by a -discharge of grape and canister from our artillery, consisting of two -six-pounders, [called "The Twin Sisters."] The enemy had occupied a -piece of timber within rifle-shot of the left wing of our army, from -which an occasional interchange of small arms took place between the -troops, until the enemy withdrew to a position on the bank of the San -Jacinto, about three-quarters of a mile from our encampment, and -commenced fortification. . . . . . . - -About nine o'clock on the morning of the 21st, the enemy were -reinforced by 500 choice troops, under the command of General Cos, -increasing their effective force to upwards of 1,500 men, whilst our -aggregate force for the field numbered 783. At half-past three o'clock -in the evening, I ordered the officers of the Texan army to parade -their respective commands, having in the meantime ordered the bridge -on the only road communicating with the Brazos, distant eight miles -from our encampment, to be destroyed, thus cutting off all possibility -of escape. Our troops paraded with alacrity and spirit, and were -anxious for the conflict. Their conscious disparity in numbers seemed -only to increase their enthusiasm and confidence, and heightened their -anxiety for the conflict. . . . . . . - -Col. Sherman, with his regiment, having commenced the action upon our -left wing, the whole line, at the centre and on the right, advancing -in double-quick time, rung the war-cry, "_Remember the Alamo!_" -received the enemy's fire, and advanced within point-blank shot before -a piece was fired from our lines. Our line advanced without a halt, -until they were in possession of the woodland and the enemy's -breastwork, the right wing of Burleson's and the left wing of -Millard's taking possession of the breastwork; our Artillery having -gallantly charged up within seventy yards of the enemy's cannon, when -it was taken by our troops. - -The conflict lasted about eighteen minutes from the time of close -action until we were in possession of the enemy's encampment, taking -one piece of cannon (loaded), four stands of colors, all their camp -equipage, stores, and baggage. Our cavalry had charged and routed that -of the enemy upon the right, and given pursuit to the fugitives, which -did not cease until they arrived at the bridge which I have mentioned -before--Captain Karnes, always among the foremost in danger, -commanding the pursuers. The conflict in the breastwork lasted but a -few moments; many of the troops encountered hand to hand, and not -having the advantage of bayonets on our side, our riflemen used their -pieces as war-clubs, breaking many of them off at the breech. The rout -commenced at half-past four, and the pursuit by the main army -continued until twilight. . . . - - [In this battle General Houston himself was severely - wounded, one ball shattering his ankle. After this, "the - battalion of Texan infantry was gallantly charged by a - Mexican division of infantry, composed of more than five - hundred men. . . . The Commander-in-Chief, observing the - peril, dashed between the Texan and Mexican infantry, - and exclaimed, 'Come on, my brave fellows, your General - leads you.' . . . The order to fire was given by Gen. - Houston, . . . a single discharge, a rush through the - smoke, cleaving blows of rifles uplifted struck down - those whom the bullets had not slain. Only thirty-two of - the five hundred Mexicans survived to surrender as - prisoners of war. Gen. Houston's wound in the ankle, - meanwhile was bleeding profusely. His horse was dying, - and with difficulty could stagger over the slain. Still - the Commander-in-Chief witnessed every movement of his - army, and as it rolled victoriously over the field, saw - the tide of battle crowning his brave soldiers with - unparalleled success."--See Crane's Life of Sam - Houston.] - - -HOW TO DEAL WITH THE INDIANS. - -(_From a speech on the Indian Policy of the Government, in the Senate, -January, 1855._) - -Sir, if the agent appointed by Mr. Polk, who has been restored by the -present Executive--it is a bright spot in his Administration, and I -commend him for it--had never been removed, there would have been -peace to this day on the borders of Texas; but as soon as the Indian -agent who was appointed to succeed him went there, he must forsooth -establish a ranche; he must have a farm. The Indians who had been -settled there from 1843 up to 1849, had been furnished by the -Government of Texas with implements of husbandry, with seeds of every -description, and they were cultivating their little farms. They were -comfortable and independent. They were living in perfect peace. If you -can get Indians located, and place their wives and children within -your cognizance, you need never expect aggression from them. It is the -Indian who has his wife in security beyond your reach, who, like the -felon wolf, goes to a distance to prey on some flock, far removed from -his den; or like the eagle, who seeks his prey from the distance, and -never from the flocks about his eyrie. - -The agent to whom I have referred lost two oxen from his ranche where -he kept his cattle. He went to the officer in command of Fort Belknap, -got a force from him, and then marched to those Indians, sixty miles -from there, and told them they must pay for the oxen. They said, "We -know nothing about your oxen; our people are here; here are our women -and children; we have not killed them; we have not stolen them; we -have enough to eat; we are happy; we have raised corn; we have sold -corn; we have corn to sell; we have sold it to your people, and they -have paid us for it, and we are happy." The agent and the military -gentlemen scared off the Indians from the limits of Texas, and drove -them across the Red River to the Wichita Mountains, taking every horse -and animal they had to pay for the two oxen. This was done by an -accredited agent of the Government, and by an officer who deserved but -little credit. Are such things tolerable, and to be tolerated in the -present age and condition of our Government? - -What was the consequence? Those Indians felt themselves aggrieved. -They saw that a new _régime_ had come; they had had the era of peace -and plenty, and now they were expelled by a different influence. They -felt grateful for the benign effects of the first policy toward them, -and that only exasperated them to a greater extent against the second; -and they began to make incursions, ready to take vengeance on any -white man they might meet in their neighborhood, and slay whoever they -might find. They made their forays from the opposite side of the Red -River, from the Wichita Mountains, and came like an avalanche upon our -unprotected citizens. There is one fact showing how your interference -with the Indians within her limits has injured Texas. . . . . . - -Well, sir, there is a remedy for all this, and it is very easy to -apply it; but how are we circumstanced there? Is it supposed by some -that we are deriving great aid from the army, and that the greatest -portion of the disposable forces of the United States is in Texas, and -protecting it? How can they protect us against the Indians when the -cavalry have not horses which can trot faster than active oxen, and -the infantry dare not go out in any hostile manner for fear of being -shot and scalped! Can they pursue a party who pounce down on a -settlement and take property, and reclaim that property? Have they -ever done it? Did the old rangers of Texas ever fail to do it, when -they were seated on their Texas ponies? They were men of intelligence -and adroitness in regard to the Indian character and Indian warfare. - -Do you think a man fit for such service who has been educated at West -Point Academy, furnished with rich stores of learning; more educated -in the science of war than any general who fought through the -Revolution, and assisted in achieving our independence? Are you going -to take such gentlemen, and suppose that by intuition they will -understand the Indian character? Or do you suppose they can track a -turkey, or a deer, in the grass of Texas, or could they track an -Indian, or would they know whether they were tracking a wagon or a -carriage? Not at all, sir. - -We wish, in the first place, to have men suited to the circumstances. -Give us agents who are capable of following out their instructions, -and who understand the Indian character. Give us an army, gentlemen, -who understand not only the science of command, but have some notions -of extending justice and protection to the Indian, against the -aggression of the whites, while they protect the whites against the -aggressions from the Indians. Then, and not till then, will you have -peace. - -How is this to be done? Withdraw your army. Have five hundred -cavalry, if you will; but I would rather have two hundred and fifty -Texas rangers (such as I could raise), than five hundred of the best -cavalry now in the service. . . . . . Cultivate intercourse with the -Indians. Show them that you have comforts to exchange for their -peltries; bring them around you; domesticate them; familiarize them -with civilization. Let them see that you are rational beings, and they -will become rational in imitation of you; but take no whiskey there at -all, not even for the officers, for fear their generosity would let it -out. . . . . . I would have fields around the trading houses. I would -encourage the Indians to cultivate them. Let them see how much it adds -to their comfort, how it insures to their wives and children abundant -subsistence; and then you win the Indian over to civilization; you -charm him, and he becomes a civilized man. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[10] Every one in the Alamo was massacred. The inscription there now -is: "Thermopylæ had its messenger of defeat: the Alamo had none." - - - - -WILLIAM CAMPBELL PRESTON. - -~1794=1860.~ - - -WILLIAM CAMPBELL PRESTON was born in Philadelphia, being one of the -Preston family of Virginia who afterwards went to South Carolina. He -was educated at South Carolina College, being graduated in 1812, -studied law under William Wirt, and later went to Edinburgh, where he -had Hugh Swinton Legaré as fellow-student. He travelled in Europe with -Washington Irving, and was introduced to Sir Walter Scott. - -[Illustration: ~Old Plantation Home.~] - -In the practice of law he was very successful, and he made a high -reputation as a popular orator, even rivaling, it is said, his -uncle, Patrick Henry. His style is abundant, classical, finished. He -was in the State Legislature 1828-32, and in the United States Senate -1836-42. - -From 1845 to 1851, he was president of his Alma Mater, South Carolina -College, and during his office it rose to a high point of efficiency -and became the most popular educational institution in the South. - - -WORKS. - - Addresses. - -As an example of Mr. Preston's simpler style and a description of the -charming social life of Columbia--the spirit of which still lives and -graces the capital of South Carolina--the following extract is given. -It is from a newspaper article on the death of Mr. Preston's former -law-partner, Col M'Cord, and is a noble tribute to him and to his -distinguished wife, Mrs. Louisa S. M'Cord. - - -LITERARY SOCIETY IN COLUMBIA, 1825. - -(_Written on the Death of Colonel David J. M'Cord, 1855._) - -Many will bring tributes of sorrow, of kindness and affection, and -relieve a heaving bosom by uttering words of praise and commendation; -for in truth, during many years he has been the charm and delight of -the society of Columbia, and of that society, too, when, in the -estimation of all who knew it, it was the rarest aggregation of -elegant, intellectual, and accomplished people that have ever been -found assembled in our village. Thirty years since, amidst the sincere -and unostentatious cordiality which characterized it, at a dinner -party, for example, at Judge De Saussure's, eight or ten of his -favorite associates wanted to do honor to some distinguished -stranger--for such were never permitted to pass through the town -without a tender of the hospitality of that venerable and elegant -gentleman--whose prolonged life exhibited to another generation a -pattern of old gentility, combined with a conscientious and effective -performance of not only the smaller and more graceful duties of life, -which he sweetened and adorned, but also of those graver and higher -tasks which the confidence of his state imposed upon his talents and -learning. To his elegant board naturally came the best and worthiest -of the land. There was found, of equal age with the judge, that very -remarkable man, Dr. Thomas Cooper, replete with all sorts of -knowledge, a living encyclopædia,--"_Multum ille et terris jactatus et -alto_"--good-tempered, joyous, and of a kindly disposition. There was -Judge Nott, who brought into the social circle the keen, shrewd, and -flashing intellect which distinguished him on the bench. There was -Abram Blanding, a man of affairs, very eminent in his profession of -the law, and of most interesting conversation. There was Professor -Robert Henry, with his elegant, accurate, and classical scholarship. -There were Judges Johnston and Harper, whom we all remember, and -lament, and admire. - -These gentlemen and others were called, in the course of a morning -walk of the Chancellor, to meet at dinner, it might be, Mr. Calhoun, -or Captain Basil Hall, or Washington Irving; and amongst these was -sure to be found David J. M'Cord, with his genial vivacity, his -multifarious knowledge, and his inexhaustible store of amusing and -apposite anecdotes. He was the life and the pervading spirit of the -circle,--in short, a general favorite. He was then in large practice -at the bar, and publishing his Reports as State Reporter. His frank -and fine manners were rendered the more attractive by an uncommonly -beautiful physiognomy, which gave him the appearance of great youth. - -M'Cord entered upon his profession in co-partnership with Henry -Junius Nott; and when a year or two subsequently, this gentleman, -following the bent of his inclination for literature, quitted the -profession, Mr. M'Cord formed a connection with W. C. Preston,--thus -introducing this gentleman, who had then but just come to Columbia, -into practice. The business of the office was extensive, and the -connexion continued until their diverging paths of life led them away -from the profession. The association was cordial and uninterrupted -throughout, whether professional or social; and the latter did not -cease until the grave closed upon M'Cord. While in the law, however, -although assiduously addicted to the study of it, his heart -acknowledged a divided allegiance with literature; which he seemed to -compromise at length by addicting himself to cognate studies--of -political economy, the jural sciences, and political ethics. - -When he left the bar, and retired from the more strenuous pursuits of -life, he found occupation and delight in these favorite -studies--stimulated and enhanced by the vigorous co-operation and warm -sympathy of his highly accomplished wife, who not only participated in -the taste for, but shared in the labors of, these studies--and amidst -these congenial and participated pursuits the latter years of his life -were passed. . . . . As his early life was amidst struggle and -bustle--the _fumum strepitumque_ of the public arena--so his latter -years were amidst the repose of an elegant and lettered retirement, in -his well-cultivated fields and amongst his books. His last moments -were solaced by the tender assiduities of his congenial helpmate, of -his children, and of his old and long-familiar friends. - - - - -JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY. - -~1795=1870.~ - - -JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and received -an excellent early education. He studied law, and was much in public -life; he filled a large place in his native city as a man of culture -and a public-spirited citizen. He served in the State Assembly and in -Congress, and was Secretary of the Navy under President Fillmore when -several important expeditions took place, that of Perry to Japan, of -Lynch to Africa, of Kane to the North Pole. Kennedy Channel was named -in his honor by Dr. Kane. - -He made several trips to Europe and while in Paris became well -acquainted with Thackeray. "The Virginians" was appearing as a serial, -and the printers needed a new chapter. Thackeray said to Kennedy, "I -wish you would write one for me."--"Well," said Kennedy, "so I will if -you will give me the run of the story." And he really wrote the fourth -chapter of Vol. II., describing Warrington's escape and return home -through the region about the Cumberland, which he knew well. - -He drew up the plan of the Peabody Institute, and was one of the -Trustees; to it he bequeathed his library and manuscripts, the latter -not to be published till 1900. He aided Poe in his early literary life -and was always his friend. He died at Newport, whither he had gone for -his health, and was buried in Green Mount Cemetery, Baltimore. See -Life by Tuckerman. - - -WORKS. - - Essays in Red Book, [a satirical journal edited by him and Peter - Hoffman Cruse]. - Swallow Barn, [novel of Virginia life]. - Horse-Shoe Robinson, Tale of Tory Ascendancy in South Carolina. - Rob of the Bowl, a Legend of St. Inigoes. - Annals of Quodlibet, [political satires]. - Memoirs of the late William Wirt. - Addresses, reports, &c. - -Mr. Kennedy's writings were very popular during his life-time and -deserve to be so still, for his three novels give graphic and -excellent pictures of their times, and are true in their historical -details, while his Memoirs of Wirt are quite as interesting. His -"Cousin Lucretia's" remedy for chills was actually used by his -grandmother, Mrs. Pendleton of Virginia (see Tuckerman's Life of -Kennedy); and Horse-Shoe Robinson was a real hero of the Revolution -whom Kennedy met in upper South Carolina, 1818. - - -A COUNTRY GENTLEMAN IN VIRGINIA. - -(_From Swallow Barn._) - -The master of this lordly domain is Frank Meriwether. He is now in the -meridian of life--somewhere about forty-five. Good cheer and an easy -temper tell well upon him. The first has given him a comfortable, -portly figure, and the latter a contemplative turn of mind, which -inclines him to be lazy and philosophical. - -He has some right to pride himself on his personal appearance, for he -has a handsome face, with a dark blue eye and a fine intellectual -brow. His head is growing scant of hair on the crown, which induces -him to be somewhat particular in the management of his locks in that -locality, and these are assuming a decided silvery hue. - -It is pleasant to see him when he is going to ride to the Court House -on business occasions. He is then apt to make his appearance in a coat -of blue broad-cloth, astonishingly glossy, and with an unusual amount -of plaited ruffle strutting through the folds of a Marseilles -waistcoat. A worshipful finish is given to this costume by a large -straw hat, lined with green silk. There is a magisterial fulness in -his garments which betokens condition in the world, and a heavy bunch -of seals, suspended by a chain of gold, jingles as he moves, -pronouncing him a man of superfluities. - -. . . . . - -I am told he keeps the peace as if he commanded a garrison, and -administers justice like a Cadi. - -He has some claim to supremacy in this last department; for during -three years he smoked segars in a lawyer's office in Richmond, which -enabled him to obtain a bird's-eye view of Blackstone and the Revised -Code. Besides this, he was a member of a Law Debating Society, which -ate oysters once a week in a cellar; and he wore, in accordance with -the usage of the most prominent law-students of that day, six cravats, -one over the other, and yellow-topped boots, by which he was -recognized as a blood of the metropolis. Having in this way qualified -himself to assert and maintain his rights, he came to his estate, upon -his arrival at age, a very model of landed gentlemen. Since that time -his avocations have had a certain literary tincture; for having -settled himself down as a married man, and got rid of his superfluous -foppery, he rambled with wonderful assiduity through a wilderness of -romances, poems, and dissertations, which are now collected in his -library, and, with their battered blue covers, present a lively type -of an army of continentals at the close of the war, or a hospital of -invalids. These have all at last given way to the newspapers--a -miscellaneous study very attractive and engrossing to country -gentlemen. This line of study has rendered Meriwether a most perilous -antagonist in the matter of legislative proceedings. - -A landed proprietor, with a good house and a host of servants, is -naturally a hospitable man. A guest is one of his daily wants. A -friendly face is a necessary of life, without which the heart is apt -to starve, or a luxury without which it grows parsimonious. Men who -are isolated from society by distance, feel these wants by an -instinct, and are grateful for an opportunity to relieve them. In -Meriwether the sentiment goes beyond this. It has, besides, something -dialectic in it. His house is open to everybody, as freely almost as -an inn. But to see him when he has had the good fortune to pick up an -intelligent, educated gentleman, and particularly one who listens -well!--a respectable, assentatious stranger!--All the better if he has -been in the Legislature, and better still, if in Congress. Such a -person caught within the purlieus of Swallow Barn, may set down one -week's entertainment as certain--inevitable, and as many more as he -likes, the more the merrier. He will know something of the quality of -Meriwether's rhetoric before he is gone. - -Then again, it is very pleasant to see Frank's kind and considerate -bearing towards his servants and dependents. His slaves appreciate -this, and hold him in most affectionate reverence, and, therefore, are -not only contented, but happy under his dominion. - - -HIS WIFE. - -Whilst Frank Meriwether amuses himself with his quiddities, and floats -through life upon the current of his humor, his dame, my excellent -cousin Lucretia, takes charge of the household affairs, as one who has -a reputation to stake upon her administration. She has made it a -perfect science, and great is her fame in the dispensation thereof! - -Those who visited Swallow Barn will long remember the morning stir, of -which the murmurs arose even unto the chambers, and fell upon the ears -of the sleepers; the dry-rubbing of floors, and even the waxing of the -same until they were like ice;--and the grinding of coffee-mills;--and -the gibber of ducks and chickens and turkeys; and all the multitudinous -concert of homely sounds. And then, her breakfasts! I do not wish to be -counted extravagant, but a small regiment might march in upon her -without disappointment, and I would put them for excellence and variety -against anything that ever was served upon platter. Moreover, all things -go like clock-work. She rises with the lark, and infuses an early vigor -into the whole household. And yet, she is a thin woman to look upon, and -a feeble; with a sallow complexion, and a pair of animated black eyes -which impart a portion of fire to a countenance otherwise demure from -the paths worn across it, in the frequent travel of a low-country ague. -But, although her life has been somewhat saddened by such visitations, -my cousin is too spirited a woman to give up to them; for she is -therapeutical, and considers herself a full match for any reasonable -tertian in the world. Indeed, I have sometimes thought that she took -more pride in her leechcraft than becomes a Christian woman; she is even -a little vain-glorious. For, to say nothing of her skill in compounding -simples, she has occasionally brought down upon her head the sober -remonstrances of her husband, by her pertinacious faith in the efficacy -of certain spells in cases of intermittent. But there is no reasoning -against her experience. She can enumerate the cases--"and men may say -what they choose about its being contrary to reason, and all that;--it -is their way! But seeing is believing--nine scoops of water in the -hollow of the hand, from the sycamore spring, for three mornings, before -sunrise, and a cup of strong coffee with lemon-juice, will break an -ague, try it when you will." In short, as Frank says, "Lucretia will die -in that creed." - -I am occasionally up early enough to be witness to her morning -regimen, which, to my mind, is rather tyrannically enforced against -the youngsters of her numerous family, both white and black. She is in -the habit of preparing some death-routing decoction for them, in a -small pitcher, and administering it to the whole squadron in -succession, who severally swallow the dose with a most ineffectual -effort at repudiation, and gallop off, with faces all rue and -wormwood. - -Everything at Swallow Barn, that falls within the superintendence of -my cousin Lucretia is a pattern of industry. In fact, I consider her -the very priestess of the American system, for, with her, the -protection of manufactures is even more a passion than a principle. -Every here and there, over the estate, may be seen, rising in humble -guise above the shrubbery, the rude chimney of a log cabin, where all -the livelong day, the plaintive moaning of the spinning-wheel rises -fitfully upon the breeze, like the fancied notes of a hobgoblin, as -they are sometimes imitated in the stories with which we frighten -children. In these laboratories the negro women are employed in -preparing yarn for the loom, from which is produced not only a -comfortable supply of winter clothing for the working people, but some -excellent carpets for the house. - -It is refreshing to behold how affectionately vain our good hostess is -of Frank, and what deference she shows to him in all matters, except -those that belong to the home department; for there she is confessedly -and without appeal, the paramount power. It seems to be a dogma with -her, that he is the very "first man in Virginia," an expression which -in this region has grown into an emphatic provincialism. Frank, in -return, is a devout admirer of her accomplishments, and although he -does not pretend to have an ear for music, he is in raptures at her -skill on the harpsichord, when she plays at night for the children to -dance; and he sometimes sets her to singing "The Twins of Latona," -and "Old Towler," and "The Rose-Tree in Full Bearing" (she does not -study the modern music), for the entertainment of his company. On -these occasions, he stands by the instrument, and nods his head, as if -he comprehended the airs. - - -HOW HORSE-SHOE AND ANDREW CAPTURED FIVE MEN. - -(_From Horse-Shoe Robinson, a Tale of the Tory Ascendancy in -S. C._[11]) - -[Mistress Ramsay speaking to Horse-Shoe Robinson:] - -"Who should come in this morning, just after my husband had cleverly -got away on his horse, but a young cock-a-whoop ensign, that belongs -to Ninety-Six, and four great Scotchmen with him, all in red coats; -they had been out thieving, I warrant, and were now going home again. -And who but they! Here they were, swaggering all about my house--and -calling for this--and calling for that--as if they owned the -fee-simple of every thing on the plantation. And it made my blood -rise, Mr. Horse-Shoe, to see them run out in the yard, and catch up my -chickens and ducks, and kill as many as they could string about -them--and I not daring to say a word: though I did give them a piece -of my mind, too." - -"Who is at home with you?" inquired the sergeant eagerly. - -"Nobody but my youngest boy, Andrew," answered the dame. "And then, -the filthy, toping rioters--" she continued, exalting her voice. - -"What arms have you in the house?" asked Robinson, without heeding the -dame's rising anger. - -"We have a rifle, and a horseman's pistol that belongs to John.--They -must call for drink, too, and turn my house, of a Sunday morning, into -a tavern." - -[Illustration: ~State House, Columbia, S. C.~] - -"They took the route towards Ninety-Six, you said, Mistress Ramsay?" - -"Yes,--they went straight forward upon the road. But, look you, Mr. -Horse-Shoe, you're not thinking of going after them?" - -"Isn't there an old field, about a mile from this, on that road?" -inquired the sergeant, still intent upon his own thoughts. - -"There is," replied the dame; "with the old school-house upon it." - -"A lop-sided, rickety log-cabin in the middle of the field. Am I -right, good woman?" - -"Yes." - -"And nobody lives in it? It has no door to it?" - -"There ha'n't been anybody in it these seven years." - -"I know the place very well," said the sergeant, very thoughtfully; -"there is woods just on this side of it." - -"That's true," replied the dame; "but what is it you are thinking -about, Mr. Robinson?" - -"How long before this rain began was it that they quitted this house?" - -"Not above fifteen minutes." - -"Mistress Ramsay, bring me the rifle and pistol both--and the -powder-horn and bullets." - -"As you say, Mr. Horse-Shoe," answered the dame, as she turned round -to leave the room; "but I am sure I can't suspicion what you mean to -do." - -In a few moments the woman returned with the weapons, and gave them to -the sergeant. - -"Where is Andy?" asked Horse-Shoe. - -The hostess went to the door and called her son, and, almost -immediately afterwards, a sturdy boy of about twelve or fourteen years -of age entered the apartment, his clothes dripping with rain. He -modestly and shyly seated himself on a chair near the door, with his -soaked hat flapping down over a face full of freckles and not less -rife with the expression of an open, dauntless hardihood of character. - -"How would you like a scrummage, Andy, with them Scotchmen that stole -your mother's chickens this morning?" asked Horse-Shoe. - -"I'm agreed," replied the boy, "if you will tell me what to -do." . . . . . . - -Horse-Shoe now loaded the fire-arms, and having slung the pouch across -his body, he put the pistol into the hands of the boy; then -shouldering his rifle, he and his young ally left the room. Even on -this occasion, serious as it might be deemed, the sergeant did not -depart without giving some manifestation of that lightheartedness -which no difficulties ever seemed to have the power to conquer. He -thrust his head back into the room, after he had crossed the -threshold, and said with an encouraging laugh, "Andy and me will teach -them, Mistress Ramsay, Pat's point of war--we will _surround_ the -ragamuffins." - -"Now, Andy, my lad," said Horse-Shoe, after he had mounted Captain -Peter, "you must get up behind me. . . . ." . . . . By the time that -his instructions were fully impressed upon the boy, our adventurous -forlorn hope, as it may fitly be called, had arrived at the place -which Horse-Shoe Robinson had designated for the commencement of -active operations. They had a clear view of the old field, and it -afforded them a strong assurance that the enemy was exactly where they -wished him to be, when they discovered smoke arising from the chimney -of the hovel. Andrew was soon posted behind a tree, and Robinson only -tarried a moment to make the boy repeat the signals agreed on, in -order to ascertain that he had them correctly in his memory. Being -satisfied from this experiment that the intelligence of his young -companion might be depended upon, he galloped across the intervening -space, and, in a few seconds, abruptly reined up his steed, in the -very doorway of the hut. The party within was gathered around a fire -at the further end, and, in the corner near the door, were four -muskets thrown together against the wall. To spring from his saddle -and thrust himself one pace inside of the door, was a movement which -the sergeant executed in an instant, shouting at the same time-- - -"Halt! File off right and left to both sides of the house, and wait -orders. I demand the surrender of all here," he said, as he planted -himself between the party and their weapons. "I will shoot down the -first man who budges a foot." - -"Leap to your arms," cried the young officer who commanded the little -party inside of the house. "Why do you stand?" - -"I don't want to do you or your men any harm, young man," said -Robinson, as he brought his rifle to a level, "but, by my father's -son, I will not leave one of you to be put upon a muster-roll if you -raise a hand at this moment." - -Both parties now stood, for a brief space, eyeing each other in -fearful suspense, during which there was an expression of doubt and -irresolution visible on the countenances of the soldiers, as they -surveyed the broad proportions, and met the stern glance of the -sergeant, whilst the delay, also, began to raise an apprehension in -the mind of Robinson that his stratagem would be discovered. - -"Shall I let loose upon them, Captain?" said Andrew Ramsay, now -appearing, most unexpectedly to Robinson, at the door of the hut. -"Come on, boys!" he shouted, as he turned his face towards the field. - -"Keep them outside of the door--stand fast," cried the doughty -sergeant, with admirable promptitude, in the new and sudden posture of -his affairs caused by this opportune appearance of the boy. "Sir, you -see that it's not worth while fighting five to one; and I should be -sorry to be the death of any of your brave fellows; so, take my -advice, and surrender to the Continental Congress and this scrap of -its army which I command." - -During this appeal the sergeant was ably seconded by the lad outside, -who was calling out first on one name, and then on another, as if in -the presence of a troop. The device succeeded, and the officer within, -believing the forbearance of Robinson to be real, at length said:-- - -"Lower your rifle, sir. In the presence of a superior force, taken by -surprise, and without arms, it is my duty to save bloodshed. With the -promise of fair usage, and the rights of prisoners of war, I surrender -this little foraging party under my command." - -"I'll make the terms agreeable," replied the sergeant. "Never doubt -me, sir. Right hand file, advance, and receive the arms of the -prisoners!" - -"I'm here, captain," said Andrew, in a conceited tone, as if it were a -mere occasion of merriment; and the lad quickly entered the house and -secured the weapons, retreating with them some paces from the door. - -"Now, sir," said Horse-Shoe to the Ensign, "your sword, and whatever -else you mought have about you of the ammunitions of war!" - -The officer delivered his sword and a pair of pocket pistols. - -As Horse-Shoe received these tokens of victory, he asked, with a -lambent smile, and what he intended to be an elegant and condescending -composure, "Your name, sir, if I mought take the freedom?" - -"Ensign St. Jermyn, of his Majesty's seventy-first regiment of light -infantry." - -"Ensign, your sarvant," added Horse-Shoe, still preserving this -unusual exhibition of politeness. "You have defended your post like an -old sodger, although you ha'n't much beard on your chin; but, seeing -you have given up, you shall be treated like a man who has done his -duty. You will walk out now, and form yourselves in line at the door. -I'll engage my men shall do you no harm; they are of a marciful -breed." - -When the little squad of prisoners submitted to this command, and came -to the door, they were stricken with equal astonishment and -mortification to find, in place of the detachment of cavalry which -they expected to see, nothing but a man, a boy, and a horse. Their -first emotions were expressed in curses, which were even succeeded by -laughter from one or two of the number. There seemed to be a -disposition on the part of some to resist the authority that now -controlled them; and sundry glances were exchanged, which indicated a -purpose to turn upon their captors. The sergeant no sooner perceived -this, than he halted, raised his rifle to his breast, and at the same -instant, gave Andrew Ramsay an order to retire a few paces, and to -fire one of the captured pieces at the first man who opened his lips. - -"By my hand," he said, "if I find any trouble in taking you, all five, -safe away from this here house, I will thin your numbers with your own -muskets! And that's as good as if I had sworn to it." - -"You have my word, sir," said the Ensign. "Lead on." - -"By your leave, my pretty gentlemen, you will lead and I'll follow," -replied Horse-Shoe. "It may be a new piece of drill to you; but the -custom is to give the prisoners the post of honor." - -"As you please, sir," answered the Ensign. "Where do you take us to?" - -"You will march back by the road you came," said the sergeant. - -Finding the conqueror determined to execute summary martial law upon -the first who should mutiny, the prisoners submitted, and marched in -double file from the hut back towards Ramsay's--Horse-Shoe, with -Captain Peter's bridle dangling over his arm, and his gallant young -auxiliary Andrew, laden with double the burden of Robinson Crusoe -(having all the fire-arms packed upon his shoulders), bringing up the -rear. In this order victors and vanquished returned to David Ramsay's. - -"Well, I have brought you your ducks and chickens back, mistress," -said the sergeant, as he halted the prisoners at the door; "and, -what's more, I have brought home a young sodger that's worth his -weight in gold." - -"Heaven bless my child! my brave boy!" cried the mother, seizing the -lad in her arms, and unheeding anything else in the present -perturbation of her feelings. "I feared ill would come of it; but -Heaven has preserved him. Did he behave handsomely, Mr. Robinson? But -I am sure he did." - -"A little more venturesome, ma'am, than I wanted him to be," replied -Horse-Shoe; "but he did excellent service. These are his prisoners, -Mistress Ramsay; I should never have got them if it hadn't been for -Andy. In these drumming and fifing times the babies suck in quarrel -with their mother's milk. Show me another boy in America that's made -more prisoners than there was men to fight them with, that's all!" - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[11] By permission of G. P. Putnam's Sons, N. Y. - - - - -HUGH SWINTON LEGARÉ. - -~1797=1843.~ - - -HUGH SWINTON LEGARÉ (pronounced Le-gr[=e]e´) was born in Charleston, -South Carolina, of Huguenot and Scotch descent. He was educated at -South Carolina College which he entered at the age of fourteen, and -became an excellent scholar, especially in the languages both ancient -and modern. He studied law, and then completed his education in the -good old way by a course of travel and study in Europe. His learning -is said to have been almost phenomenal: he was one of the founders of -the "Southern Review." - -On his return from Europe, 1820, he was elected to the State -Legislature: 1830, he was made Attorney-General of the State; from -1832 to 1836 he was _chargé d'affaires_ at Brussels; in 1836 he was -elected to Congress, and in 1841 appointed Attorney-General of the -United States. He died in Boston, whither he had gone to take part in -the Bunker Hill Celebration. - -Chief-Justice Story said of him: "His argumentation was marked by the -closest logic; at the same time he had a _presence_ in speaking which -I have never seen excelled." See Life, by Paul Hamilton Hayne. - - -WORKS. - - Essays, Addresses, &c. - Journal at Brussels. - Memoir and Writings, (edited by his sister, Mrs. Bullen). - - -COMMERCE AND WEALTH VS. WAR. - -(_From a speech in the House, 1837._) - -A people well clad and well housed will be sure to provide themselves -with all the other comforts of life; and it is the diffusion of these -comforts, and the growing taste for them, among all classes of society -in Europe, it is the desire of riches, as it is commonly called, that -is gradually putting an end to the destructive and bloody game of war, -and reserving all the resources hitherto wasted by it, for enterprises -of industry and commerce, prosecuted with the fiery spirit which once -vented itself in scenes of peril and carnage. - -But, sir, the result of all this is that very inequality of wealth, -that accumulation of vast masses of it in a few hands, against which -we have heard so much said lately, as if it were something -inconsistent with the liberties, the happiness, and the moral and -intellectual improvement of mankind. Gigantic fortunes are acquired by -a few years of prosperous commerce--mechanics and manufacturers rival -and surpass the princes of the earth in opulence and splendor. The -face of Europe is changed by this active industry, working with such -mighty instruments, on so great a scale. - -I have travelled in parts of the continent which the spirit of gain, -with its usual concomitants, industry and improvement, has invaded -since the peace, at an interval of fifteen years, and been struck with -the revolution that is going on. There is a singularly beautiful, -though rather barren tract of country between Liege and Spa, where, in -1819, my attention had been principally attracted by the striking -features of a mountainous region, with here and there a ruin of the -feudal past, and here and there a hovel of some poor hind,--the very -haunt of the "Wild Boar of Ardennes" in the good old times of the -House of Burgundy. - -I returned to it in 1835, and saw it covered with mills and factories, -begrimed with the smoke and soot of steam-engines; its romantic beauty -deformed, its sylvan solitudes disturbed and desecrated by the sounds -of active industry, and the busy hum of men. I asked what had brought -about so great a change, and found that the author of it,--a man -having a more numerous band of retainers and dependents than any -baron bold of the fourteenth century, and in every respect more -important than many of the sovereign princes on the other side of the -Rhine--was an English manufacturer, who had established himself there -some twenty years ago, without much capital, and had effected all this -by his industry and enterprise. - -Such, sir, is the spirit of the age; of course, in this young and -wonderfully progressive country, it is more eager and ardent--and -therefore occasionally extravagant--than anywhere else. But it is in -vain to resist it. Nay, I believe it is worse than vain. It is -evidently in the order of nature, and we must take it with all its -good and all its evils together. - - -DEMOSTHENES' COURAGE. - -[_From the Essay on Demosthenes._] - -The charge of effeminacy and want of courage in battle seems to be -considered as better founded. Plutarch admits it fully. His foppery is -matter of ridicule to Æschines, who, at the same time, in rather a -remarkable passage in his speech on the Crown, gives us some clue to -the popular report as to his deficiency in the military virtues of -antiquity. "Who," says he "will be there to sympathize with him? Not -they who have been trained with him in the same gymnasium? No, by -Olympian Jove! for, in his youth, instead of hunting the wild boar and -addicting himself to exercises which give strength and activity to the -body, he was studying the arts that were one day to make him the -scourge of the rich." Those exercises were, in the system of the -Greeks, . . . considered as absolutely indispensable to a liberal -education. That of Demosthenes was certainly neglected by his -guardians, and the probability is that the effeminacy with which he -was reproached meant nothing more than that he had not frequented in -youth the palestra and the gymnasium, and that his bodily training had -been sacrificed to his intellectual. - -That he possessed moral courage of the most sublime order is passed -all question; but his nerves were weak. If the tradition that is come -down to us in regard to his natural defects as an orator is not a -gross exaggeration, he had enough to occupy him for years in the -correction of them. But what an idea does it suggest to us of the -mighty will, the indomitable spirit, the decided and unchangeable -vocation, that, in spite of so many impediments, his genius fulfilled -its destiny, and attained at last to the supremacy at which it aimed -from the first! His was that deep love of ideal beauty, that -passionate pursuit of eloquence in the abstract, that insatiable -thirst after perfection in art for its own sake, without which no man -ever produced a masterpiece of genius. Plutarch, in his usual graphic -style, places him before us as if he were an acquaintance,--aloof from -the world; immersed in the study of his high calling, with his brow -never unbent from care and thought; severely abstemious in the midst -of dissoluteness and debauchery; a water-drinker among Greeks; like -that other Agonistes, elected and ordained to struggle, to suffer, and -to perish for a people unworthy of him:-- - - "His mighty champion, strong above compare, - Whose drink was only from the liquid brook." - -Let any one who has considered the state of manners at Athens just at -the moment of his appearance upon the stage of public life, imagine -what an impression such a phenomenon must have made upon a people so -lost in profligacy and sensuality of all sorts. What wonder that the -unprincipled though gifted Demades, the very personification of the -witty and reckless libertinism of the age, should deride and scoff at -this strange man, living as nobody else lived, thinking as nobody else -thought; a prophet, crying from his solitude of great troubles at -hand; the apostle of the past; the preacher of an impossible -restoration; the witness to his contemporaries that their degeneracy -was incorrigible and their doom hopeless; and that another seal in the -book was broken, and a new era of calamity and downfall opened in the -history of nations. - -We have said that the character of Demosthenes might be divined from -his eloquence; and so the character of his eloquence was a mere -emanation of his own. It was the life and soul of the man, the -patriot, the statesman. "Its highest attribute of all," says -Dionysius, "is the spirit of life--+to pneuma+--that pervades it." - - -A DUKE'S OPINIONS OF VIRGINIA, NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA, AND GEORGIA. - -[_From a Review of "Travels of the Duke of Saxe-Weimar" in 1825-6._] - -In his journey through Virginia, our traveller visited Mr. Jefferson, -with whom, however, he does not appear to have been as much struck as -he had been with the late Mr. Adams. The Natural Bridge he pronounces -"one of the greatest wonders of nature he ever beheld," albeit he had -seen "Vesuvius and the Phlegrean Fields, the Giant's Causeway in -Ireland, the Island of Staffa, and the Falls of Niagara." "Finally" -(to use a favorite mode of expression of his own), he is amazed at the -profusion of militia titles in Virginia, which almost persuaded him -that he was at the headquarters of a grand army, and at the -aristocratic notions of some of the gentlemen in the same state, who -make no secret of their taste for primogeniture laws and hereditary -nobility. - -He passed through North Carolina too rapidly to do anything like -justice to the many remarkable things which that respectable state -has to boast of. Accordingly, his observations are principally -confined to the inns where he stopped, the roads over which he -travelled, and the mere exterior of the towns and villages which the -stage-coach traverses in its route. He is of opinion, from what he saw -in that region, that "it would be a good speculation to establish a -glass manufactory in a country, where there is such a want of glass, -and a superabundance of pine-trees and sand." It had almost escaped -us, that he here for the first time made the acquaintance of a "great -many large vultures, called buzzards, the shooting of which is -prohibited, as they feed upon carrion, and contribute in this manner -to the salubrity of the country." This "parlous wild-fowl" has the -honor to attract the attention of his Highness again in Charleston, -where he informs us that its life is, in like manner, protected by -law, and where it is called from its resemblance to another bird, the -turkey-buzzard. . . . In Columbia, he became acquainted with most of -the distinguished inhabitants, of whose very kind attentions to him he -speaks in high terms. The following good-natured hint too may not be -altogether useless: "At Professor Henry's a very agreeable society -assembled at dinner. At that party I observed a singular manner which -is practiced; the ladies sit down by themselves at one of the corners -of the table. But I broke the old custom, and glided between them; and -no one's appetite was injured thereby." . . . . - -Nothing . . . can be a stronger exemplification of the difficulties -under which a stranger labors, in his efforts to acquire a knowledge -of a country new to him, than the perpetual mistakes which our -distinguished traveller commits in his brief notices of Georgia. . . . -Even the complexion of the people of Georgia displeased him, and, -coming from a Court where French was not only the fashionable but the -common language of social intercourse, he considers the education of -women neglected, because they are not taught that language in -situations where they might never have occasion to use it. - - - - -MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE LAMAR. - -~1798=1859.~ - - -MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE LAMAR, second president of the Republic of Texas, -was born in Louisville, Georgia. In 1835 he emigrated to Texas and -took part in the struggle for independence against Mexico, being -major-general in the army. He was successively Attorney-General in the -cabinet of President Houston, Secretary of War, Vice-president, and in -1838 President of the Republic, the second of the four presidents that -Texas had before it became a State in the Union. - -In 1857-8 he was United States minister to Central America. - - -WORKS. - - Verse Memorials. - -Lamar was rather a man of action than of letters; but the following -verses speak for him as having true poetic appreciation of beauty and -power to express it. - - -THE DAUGHTER OF MENDOZA. - - O lend to me, sweet nightingale, - Your music by the fountain, - And lend to me your cadences, - O rivers of the mountain! - That I may sing my gay brunette, - A diamond spark in coral set, - Gem for a prince's coronet-- - The daughter of Mendoza. - - How brilliant is the evening star, - The evening light how tender,-- - The light of both is in her eyes, - Their softness and their splendor. - But for the lash that shades their light - They were too dazzling for the sight, - And when she shuts them, all is night,-- - The daughter of Mendoza. - - O ever bright and beauteous one, - Bewildering and beguiling, - The lute is in thy silvery tones, - The rainbow in thy smiling; - And thine is, too, o'er hill and dell, - The bounding of the young gazelle, - The arrow's flight and ocean's swell-- - Sweet daughter of Mendoza! - - What though, perchance, we no more meet,-- - What though too soon we sever? - Thy form will float like emerald light - Before my vision ever. - For who can see and then forget - The glories of my gay brunette-- - Thou art too bright a star to set, - Sweet daughter of Mendoza! - - - - -FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS. - -~1798=1866.~ - - -FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS was born at New Berne, North Carolina, and -educated at the State University. He became a clergyman of the -Episcopal Church in 1827 and was rector of parishes in New York, New -Orleans, and Baltimore. He was the first president of the University -of Louisiana, and declined three elections to the bishopric. See Life -by Rev. N. L. Richardson. - - -WORKS. - - History of North Carolina. - History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States. - History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland. - Constitution and Canons of the Episcopal Church. - Auricular Confession in the Episcopal Church. - Egypt and Its Monuments. - Romance of Biography. - Cyclopædia of Biography. - Perry's Expedition to Japan. - -Dr. Hawks was a distinguished pulpit orator as well as an able and -untiring writer. His ecclesiastical works are considered a valuable -contribution to the history of the church in the United States. - -The book from which we quote, "History of North Carolina," was -undertaken as a labor of love for his native State, prepared in the -intervals of time allowed by "a laborious and responsible profession -in a large city: . . . he frankly confesses that he would undergo such -toil for no country but North Carolina. She has a claim upon his -filial duty. In her bosom his infancy found protection and his -childhood was nourished. He here lays his humble offering in her lap." - -The story of the Lost Colony of Roanoke has been called "the tragedy -of American colonization." - - -THE FIRST INDIAN BAPTISM IN AMERICA. - -(_From History of North Carolina._) - -The colony [1587] was probably not without its clergyman, and the -faithful Manteo, who was among them, had by this time become in heart -an Englishmen. . . - -The mother and kindred of Manteo lived on the island of Croatan, and -thither, very soon, a visit was made by the faithful Indian and a -party of the English, who endeavored, through the instrumentality of -the islanders, to establish friendly relations with the inhabitants on -the main land; but the effort was in vain. In truth, the greater -portion of the Indians around, manifested implacable ill-will, and -had already murdered one of the assistants, who had incautiously -strayed alone from the settlement on Roanoke island. - -On the 13th of August, by direction of Raleigh, given before leaving -England, Manteo was baptized, (being probably the first native of this -continent who ever received this sacrament at the hands of the -English) and was also called Lord of Roanoke and of Dasamonguepeuk, as -the reward of his fidelity. - - -VIRGINIA DARE, THE FIRST ENGLISH CHILD BORN IN AMERICA. - -A few days after, another event, not without interest in the little -colony, occupied the attention of all; and doubtless in no small -degree enlisted the sympathies of the female portion of the -adventurers. On the 18th of August, Eleanor, the daughter of Governor -White, and wife of Mr. Dare, one of the assistants, gave birth to a -daughter, the first child born of English parents upon the soil of the -United States. On the Sunday following, in commemoration of her -birth-place, she was baptized by the name of VIRGINIA. - - -THE LOST COLONY OF ROANOKE. - -(_From the Same._) - -Governor White remained but thirty-six days in North Carolina. . . . -Before he left, however, it seems to have been understood that the -colony should remove from Roanoke Island and settle on the main land: -and as, at his return, he might be at some loss to find them, it was -further agreed that in the event of their departure during his -absence, they should carve on some post or tree the name of the place -whither they had gone; and if in distress they were to carve above it -a cross, . . . [This was in 1587.] - -It was not till the 20th of March, 1590, that Governor White embarked -[at London] in three ships to seek his colony and his children. . . -White found the island of Roanoke a desert. As he approached he -sounded a signal trumpet, but no answer was heard to disturb the -melancholy stillness that brooded over the deserted spot. What had -become of the wretched colonists? No man may with certainty say: for -all that White found to indicate their fate was a high post bearing on -it the letters CRO, and at the former site of their village he found a -tree which had been deprived of its bark and bore in well cut -characters the word CROATAN. There was some comfort in finding no -cross carved above the word, but this was all the comfort the unhappy -father and grandfather could find. He of course hastened back to the -fleet, determined instantly to go to Croatan, but a combination of -unpropitious events defeated his anxious wishes; storms and a -deficiency of food forced the vessels to run for the West Indies for -the purpose of refitting, wintering and returning; but even in this -plan White was disappointed and found himself reluctantly compelled to -run for the western islands and thence for England. Thus ended the -effort to find the lost colony; they were never heard of. That they -went to Croatan, where the natives were friendly, is almost certain; -that they became gradually incorporated with them is probable from the -testimony of a historian [John Lawson] who lived in North Carolina and -wrote [published] in 1714: "The Hatteras Indians who lived on Roanoke -Island or much frequented it, tell us," (says he) "that several of -their ancestors were white people and could talk in a book, as we do; -the truth of which is confirmed by gray eyes being found frequently -amongst these Indians and no others." - - - - -GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE. - -~1802=1870.~ - - -GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE was born in Preston, Connecticut, and was a -teacher and lawyer in early life. In 1830 he went to Kentucky, and a -year afterward became editor of the Louisville "Journal," which -position he held and made illustrious during the remainder of his -life. His wit and humor gave him great influence, and his paper, -afterwards consolidated with the "Courier" and known as the -"Courier-Journal," became a power in politics, commerce, and society. -A fine statue of him adorns the Courier-Journal building in -Louisville, and his fame is by no means forgotten. "Prenticeana" is a -collection of his witty and pungent paragraphs. See Memorial address -by his successor, Henry Watterson. - - -WORKS. - - Life of Henry Clay. - Poems, edited by John James Piatt. - Prenticeana, [with life-sketch.] - -Mr. Prentice's best known poem is the "Closing Year," which -elocutionists have kept before the public and which has often inspired -young poets to sad verses on the passing of time. - - -THE CLOSING YEAR. - -(_From Poems._[12]) - - 'Tis midnight's holy hour--and silence now - Is brooding, like a gentle spirit, o'er - The still and pulseless world. Hark! on the winds, - The bell's deep-notes are swelling. 'Tis the knell - Of the departed year. - - No funeral train - Is sweeping past; yet on the stream and wood, - With melancholy light, the moonbeams rest, - Like a pale, spotless shroud; the air is stirred, - As by a mourner's sigh; and on yon cloud, - That floats so still and placidly through heaven, - The spirits of the seasons seem to stand-- - Young Spring, bright Summer, Autumn's solemn form, - And Winter, with his aged locks--and breathe - In mournful cadences, that come abroad - Like the far wind harp's wild and touching wail, - A melancholy dirge o'er the dead Year, - Gone from the earth forever. - - 'Tis a time - For memory and for tears. Within the deep, - Still chambers of the heart a spectre dim, - Whose tones are like the wizard voice of Time, - Heard from the tomb of ages, points its cold - And solemn finger to the beautiful - And holy visions that have passed away - And left no shadow of their loveliness - On the dead waste of life. That spectre lifts - The coffin-lid of hope, and joy, and love, - And, bending mournfully above the pale, - Sweet forms that slumber there, scatters dead flowers - O'er what has passed to nothingness. - - The year - Has gone, and, with it, many a glorious throng - Of happy dreams. Its mark is on each brow, - Its shadow on each heart. In its swift course - It waved its scepter o'er the beautiful, - And they are not. It laid its pallid hand - Upon the strong man, and the haughty form - Is fallen, and the flashing eye is dim. - It trod the hall of revelry, where thronged - The bright and joyous, and the tearful wail - Of stricken ones is heard, where erst the song - And reckless shout resounded. It passed o'er - The battle plain, where sword, and spear, and shield - Flashed in the light of midday--and the strength - Of serried hosts is shivered, and the grass, - Green from the soil of carnage, waves above - The crushed and mouldering skeleton. It came - And faded like a wreath of mist at eve; - Yet, ere it melted in the viewless air, - It heralded its millions to their home - In the dim land of dreams. - - Remorseless Time!-- - Fierce spirit of the glass and scythe! what power - Can stay him in his silent course, or melt - His iron heart to pity? On, still on - He presses and forever. The proud bird, - The condor of the Andes, that can soar - Through heaven's unfathomable depths, or brave - The fury of the Northern hurricane - And bathe his plumage in the thunder's home, - Furls his broad wings at nightfall and sinks down - To rest upon his mountain crag--but Time - Knows not the weight of sleep or weariness, - And night's deep darkness has no chain to bind - His rushing pinion. Revolutions sweep - O'er earth, like troubled visions o'er the breast - Of dreaming sorrow; cities rise and sink, - Like bubbles on the water; fiery isles - Spring, blazing, from the ocean, and go back - To their mysterious caverns; mountains rear - To heaven their bald and blackened cliffs, and bow - Their tall heads to the plain; new empires rise, - Gathering the strength of hoary centuries, - And rush down like the Alpine avalanche, - Startling the nations; and the very stars, - Yon bright and burning blazonry of God, - Glitter awhile in their eternal depths, - And, like the Pleiad, loveliest of their train, - Shoot from their glorious spheres, and pass away, - To darkle in the trackless void; yet Time, - Time, the tomb-builder, holds his fierce career, - Dark, stern, all pitiless, and pauses not - Amid the mighty wrecks that strew his path, - To sit and muse, like other conquerors, - Upon the fearful ruin he has wrought. - - -PARAGRAPHS. - -(_From Prenticeana._) - -A pin has as much head as a good many authors, and a good deal more -point. - -The Turkish men hold that women have no souls, and prove by their -treatment of them that they have none themselves. - -A writer in the "American Agriculturist" insists that farmers ought to -learn to make better fences. Why not establish a fencing-school for -their benefit? - -The thumb is a useful member, but, because you have one, you needn't -necessarily try to keep your neighbors under it. - -The greatest truths are the simplest; the greatest man and women are -sometimes so, too. - -A New Orleans poet calls the Mississippi the most eloquent of rivers. -It ought to be eloquent; it has a dozen mouths. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[12] By permission of Robert Clarke & Co., Cincinnati. - - - - -EDWARD COATE PINKNEY. - -~1802=1828.~ - - -EDWARD COATE[13] PINKNEY was the son of the distinguished orator and -statesman, William Pinkney, of Maryland, and was born in London while -his father was minister to England. After attending the College of -Baltimore, he entered the Navy at fourteen years of age and spent much -of his time of service in the Mediterranean. On his father's death, -1822, he returned to Baltimore and engaged in the practice of law, at -the same time making some reputation by his poems. "A Health" and -"Picture Song" are considered his best--their beauty makes us mourn -his early death. At the time he was numbered one of the "five greatest -poets of the country." On his return from a journey to Mexico, taken -for his health, he was elected, in 1826, professor of Belles-lettres -in the University of Maryland, formerly called the College of -Baltimore. - - -WORKS. - - Poems: Rodolph, a Fragment, and other Poems. - - -A HEALTH. - - I fill this cup to one made up - Of loveliness alone; - A woman of her gentle sex - The seeming paragon; - To whom the better elements - And kindly stars have given - A form so fair, that, like the air, - 'Tis less of earth than heaven. - - Her every tone is music's own, - Like those of morning birds, - And something more than melody - Dwells ever in her words; - The coinage of her heart are they, - And from her lips each flows - As one may see the burdened bee - Forth issue from the rose. - - Affections are as thoughts to her, - The measures of her hours; - Her feelings have the fragrancy, - The freshness of young flowers; - And lovely passions, changing oft, - So fill her, she appears - The image of themselves by turns,-- - The idol of past years. - - Of her bright face, one glance will trace - A picture on the brain, - And of her voice in echoing hearts - A sound must long remain; - But memory such as mine of her - So very much endears, - When death is nigh my latest sigh - Will not be life's, but hers. - - I fill this cup to one made up - Of loveliness alone, - A woman, of her gentle sex - The seeming paragon-- - Her health! and would on earth there stood - Some more of such a frame, - That life might be all poetry, - And weariness a name. - - -SONG. - - We break the glass, whose sacred wine, - To some beloved health we drain, - Lest future pledges, less divine, - Should e'er the hallowed toy profane: - And thus I broke a heart that poured - Its tide of feelings out for thee, - In draughts, by after times deplored, - Yet dear to memory. - - But still the old empassioned ways - And habits of my mind remain, - And still unhappy light displays - Thine image chambered in my brain; - And still it looks as when the hours - Went by like flights of living birds, - Or that soft chain of spoken flowers - And airy gems, thy words. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[13] Mr. Charles Weathers Bump, Ph. D. (Johns-Hopkins), says this name -should be _Coote_, as it so stands in the register of Pinkney's -baptism, which he has seen. - - - - -[Illustration: ~Tulane University, New Orleans, La.~ - Limited space permits us to give view of only one of the buildings - of this great institution.] - - - - -CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR GAYARRÉ. - -~1805=----.~ - - -CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR GAYARRÉ, descended from a family which was -among the early settlers of Louisiana, was born in New Orleans. He was -educated at the College of New Orleans, studied law in Philadelphia, -and served in the State Legislature. In 1835, he was elected to the -United States Senate, but ill-health prevented his taking the seat, -and he spent the eight succeeding years in Europe. He was afterwards -Secretary of State of Louisiana, and in the seven years of his service -he did much to promote an interest in letters and history, and to -establish the State Library on a firm basis. - -He sided with his State in secession, and in 1863 recommended the -emancipation and arming of the slaves. Since the war, he has spent his -time in literary work, and has written both in English and French, -gaining a distinguished place especially as a historian. - - -WORKS. - - Histoire de la Louisiane. - Romance of the History of Louisiana. - Louisiana: Colonial History. - Louisiana, as a French Colony. - History of the Spanish Dominion in Louisiana. - History of Louisiana, to 1861. - Phillip II. of Spain. - Fernando de Lemos. - Aubert Dubayet. - School for Politics, [drama]. - Dr. Bluff, comedy in 2 Acts. - Addresses. - -Judge Gayarré has been an able and tireless worker in the history and -literature of his native state. His works are admirable, full of life -and color, although his style is lacking in terseness and strength. -"He has indicated in the first volume of his 'History of Louisiana' -what might be done by a gifted fiction-writer with the picturesque -legends and traditions therein heaped together in luxuriant -confusion. One feels while reading, that the writer has been hampered -here and there by the temptation to be a romancer rather than remain a -historian, and one does not experience any surprise at this in view of -the profusion of startling and strange incidents."--Maurice Thompson. - - -LOUISIANA IN 1750-1770. - -(_From History of Louisiana, French Domination._) - -It was in this year, 1751, that two ships, which were transporting two -hundred regulars to Louisiana, stopped at Hispaniola. The Jesuits of -that island obtained permission to put on board of those ships, and to -send to the Jesuits of Louisiana, some sugar canes, and some negroes -who were used to the cultivation of this plant. The canes were put -under ground, according to the directions given, on the plantation of -the reverend fathers, which was immediately above Canal street, on a -portion of the space now occupied by the Second Municipality of the -city of New Orleans. But it seems that the experiment proved abortive, -and it was only in 1796 that the cultivation of the cane, and the -manufacturing of sugar, was successfully introduced in Louisiana, and -demonstrated to be practicable. It was then that this precious reed -was really naturalized in the colony, and began to be a source of -ever-growing wealth, [owing to the enterprise of Jean Étienne de -Boré]. - -On board of the same ships, there came sixty girls, who were -transported to Louisiana at the expense of the King. It was the last -emigration of the kind. These girls were married to such soldiers as -had distinguished themselves for their good conduct, and who, in -consideration of their marriage, were discharged from service. -Concessions of land were made to each happy pair, with one cow and its -calf, one cock and five hens, one gun, one axe, and one spade. During -the first three years of their settlement, they were to receive -rations of provisions, and a small quantity of powder, shot, grains -and seeds of all sorts. - -Such is the humble origin of many of our most respectable and wealthy -families, and well may they be proud of a social position, which is -due to the honest industry and hereditary virtues of several -generations. Whilst some of patrician extraction, crushed under the -weight of vices, or made inert by sloth, or labor-contemning pride, -and degenerating from pure gold into vile dross, have been swept away, -and have sunk into the dregs and sewers of the commonwealth. Thus in -Louisiana, the high and the low, although the country has never -suffered from any political or civil convulsions, seem to have, in the -course of one century, frequently exchanged with one another their -respective positions, much to the philosopher's edification. . . - -On the 23rd of September, the intendant Commissary, Michel de la -Rouvillière, made a favorable report on the state of agriculture in -Louisiana. "The cultivation of the wax tree," says he, "has succeeded -admirably. Mr. Dubreuil, alone, has made six thousand pounds of wax. -Others have obtained as handsome results, in proportion to their -forces; some went to the seashore, where the wax tree grows wild, in -order to use it in its natural state. It is the only luminary used -here by the inhabitants, and it is exported to other parts of America -and to France. We stand in need of tillers of the ground, and of -negroes. The colony prospers rapidly from its own impulse, and -requires only gentle stimulation. In the last three years, forty-five -brick houses were erected in New Orleans, and several fine new -plantations were established." . . . . - -The administration of the Marquis of Vaudreuil was long and fondly -remembered in Louisiana, as an epoch of unusual brilliancy, but which -was followed up by corresponding gloom. His administration, if small -things may be compared with great ones, was for Louisiana, with regard -to splendor, luxury, military display, and expenses of every kind, -what the reign of Louis XIV. had been for France. He was a man of -patrician birth and high breeding, who liked to live in a manner -worthy of his rank. Remarkable for his personal graces and comeliness, -for the dignity of his bearing and the fascination of his address, he -was fond of pomp, show, and pleasure; surrounded by a host of -brilliant officers, of whom he was the idol, he loved to keep up a -miniature court, in distant imitation of that of Versailles; and long -after he had departed, old people were fond of talking of the -exquisitely refined manners, of the magnificent balls, of the -splendidly uniformed troops, of the high-born young officers, and of -the many other unparalleled things they had seen in the days of the -_Great Marquis_. - -. . . . . . . - -The inventories made of the property of the twelve gentlemen, whom the -decree of the Spanish tribunal had convicted of rebellion, afford -interesting proofs of the Spartan simplicity which existed in the -colony. Thus the furniture of the bed-room of Madam Villeré, who was -the wife of one of the most distinguished citizens of Louisiana, and -the grand-daughter of De Lachaise, who came to the colony in 1723 as -ordaining commissary, was described as consisting of a cypress -bedstead, three feet wide by six in length, with a mattress of corn -shucks and one of feathers on the top, a bolster of corn shucks, and a -coarse cotton counterpane or quilt, manufactured probably by the lady -herself, or by her servants; six chairs of cypress wood, with straw -bottoms; some candlesticks with common wax, the candles made in the -country, &c., &c. - -The rest of the house was not more splendidly furnished, and the -house itself, as described in the inventory, must have looked very -much like one of those modest and unpainted little wood structures -which are, to this day, to be seen in many parts of the banks of the -river Mississippi, and in the Attakapas and Opelousas parishes. They -are the tenements of our small planters who own only a few slaves, and -they retain the appellation of _Maisons d'Acadiens, or Acadian -houses_. - -Villeré's plantation, situated at the German coast, was not large, and -the whole of his slaves, of both sexes and of all ages, did not exceed -thirty-two. His friends and brother conspirators, who were among the -first gentlemen in the land, did not live with more ostentation. All -the sequestrated property being sold, it was found that, after having -distributed among the widows and other creditors what they were -entitled to, and after paying the costs of the trial and inventories, -the royal treasury had little or nothing to receive. . . . . . - -There were but humble dwellings in Louisiana in 1769, and he who would -have judged of their tenants from their outward appearance would have -thought that they were occupied by mere peasants, but had he passed -their thresholds he would have been amazed at being welcomed with such -manners as were habitual in the most polished court of Europe, and -entertained by men and women wearing with the utmost ease and grace -the elegant and rich costume of the reign of Louis XV. There, the -powdered head, the silk and gold flowered coat, the lace and frills, -the red-heeled shoe, the steel handled sword, the silver knee buckles, -the high and courteous bearing of the gentleman, the hoop petticoat, -the brocaded gown, the rich head dress, the stately bow, the slightly -rouged cheeks, the artificially graceful deportment, and the -aristocratic features of the lady, formed a strange contrast with the -roughness of surrounding objects. It struck one with as much -astonishment as if diamonds had been found capriciously set by some -unknown hand in one of the wild trees of the forest, or it reminded -the imagination of those fairy tales in which a princess is found -asleep in a solitude, where none but beasts of prey were expected to -roam. - - -THE TREE OF THE DEAD. - -(_From History of Louisiana._) - -In a lot situated at the corner of Orleans and Dauphine streets, in -the city of New Orleans, there is a tree which nobody looks at without -curiosity and without wondering how it came there. For a long time it -was the only one of its kind known in the state, and from its isolated -position it has always been cursed with sterility. It reminds one of -the warm climes of Africa or Asia, and wears the aspect of a stranger -of distinction driven from his native country. Indeed with its sharp -and thin foliage, sighing mournfully under the blast of one of our -November northern winds, it looks as sorrowful as an exile. Its -enormous trunk is nothing but an agglomeration of knots and bumps, -which each passing year seems to have deposited there as a mark of -age, and as a protection against the blows of time and of the world. - -Inquire for its origin, and every one will tell you that it has stood -there from time immemorial. A sort of vague but impressive mystery is -attached to it, and it is as superstitiously respected as one of the -old oaks of Dodona. Bold would be the axe that would strike the first -blow at that foreign patriarch; and if it were prostrated to the -ground by a profane hand, what native of the city would not mourn -over its fall, and brand the act as an unnatural and criminal deed? -So, long live the date-tree of Orleans street--that time-honored -descendant of Asiatic ancestors! - -In the beginning of 1727, a French vessel of war landed at New Orleans -a man of haughty mien, who wore the Turkish dress, and whose whole -attendance was a single servant. He was received by the governor with -the highest distinction, and was conducted by him to a small but -comfortable house with a pretty garden, then existing at the corner of -Orleans and Dauphine streets, and which, from the circumstance of its -being so distant from other dwellings, might have been called a rural -retreat, although situated in the limits of the city. There the -stranger, who was understood to be a prisoner of state, lived in the -greatest seclusion; and although neither he nor his attendant could be -guilty of indiscretion, because none understood their language, and -although Governor Périer severely rebuked the slightest inquiry, yet -it seemed to be the settled conviction in Louisiana, that the -mysterious stranger was a brother of the Sultan, or some great -personage of the Ottoman empire, who had fled from the anger of the -vicegerent of Mohammed, and who had taken refuge in France. - -The Sultan had peremptorily demanded the fugitive, and the French -government, thinking it derogatory to its dignity to comply with that -request, but at the same time not wishing to expose its friendly -relations with the Moslem monarch, and perhaps desiring for political -purposes, to keep in hostage the important guest it had in its hands, -had recourse to the expedient of answering that he had fled to -Louisiana, which was so distant a country, that it might be looked -upon as the grave, where, as it was suggested, the fugitive might be -suffered to wait in peace for actual death, without danger or offence -to the Sultan. Whether this story be true or not is now a manner of -so little consequence that it would not repay the trouble of a strict -historical investigation. - -The year 1727 was drawing to its close, when on a dark stormy night -the howling and barking of the numerous dogs in the streets of New -Orleans were observed to be fiercer than usual, and some of that class -of individuals who pretend to know everything, declared that by the -vivid flashes of the lightning, they had seen swiftly and stealthily -gliding toward the residence of the _unknown_ a body of men who wore -the scowling appearance of malefactors and ministers of blood. There -afterwards came also a report that a piratical-looking Turkish vessel -had been hovering a few days previous in the bay of Barataria. Be it -as it may, on the next morning the house of the stranger was deserted. -There were no traces of mortal struggle to be seen; but in the garden -the earth had been dug, and _there_ was the unmistakable indication of -a recent grave. - -Soon, however, all doubts were removed by the finding of an -inscription in Arabic characters, engraved on a marble tablet, which -was subsequently sent to France. It ran thus: "The justice of heaven -is satisfied, and the date-tree shall grow on the traitor's tomb. The -sublime Emperor of the faithful, the supporter of the faith, the -omnipotent master and Sultan of the world, has redeemed his vow. God -is great, and Mohammed is his prophet. Allah!" Some time after this -event, a foreign-looking tree was seen to peep out of the spot where a -corpse must have been deposited in that stormy night, when the rage of -the elements yielded to the pitiless fury of man, and it thus -explained in some degree this part of the inscription, "the date-tree -shall grow on the traitor's grave." - -Who was he, or what had he done, who had provoked such relentless and -far-seeking revenge? Ask Nemesis,--or, at that hour when evil spirits -are allowed to roam over the earth and magical invocations are made, -go and interrogate the tree of the dead. - - - - -MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY. - -~1806=1873.~ - - -MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY, the "Pathfinder of the Sea," was born in -Spottsylvania County, Virginia, reared in Tennessee, and entered the -Navy in 1825, rising to be lieutenant in 1837. In 1839 he met with an -accident which lamed him for life, and he thenceforward spent his time -in study and investigation of naval subjects. Under the pen-name of -"Harry Bluff," he wrote some essays for the "Southern Literary -Messenger," which produced great reforms in the Navy and led to the -establishment of the Naval Academy at Annapolis. - -In 1842 he was appointed superintendent of the Hydrographical Office, -and in 1844, of the National Observatory, at Washington, the latter -position including the former. The observations of winds, currents, -and storms, which he caused to be made during nine years, are embodied -in his "Wind and Current Charts;" and the system thus begun was -adopted by all European countries and has proven of immense benefit -both to commerce and science. - -[Illustration: ~Florida State Agricultural College (Main Building), -Lake City, Fla.~] - -To him and to Lieutenant John M. Brooke, afterwards Com. Brooke, -C. S. N., belongs the credit of deep-sea soundings; and to him we owe -the suggestion of the submarine telegraphic cable across the Atlantic. -(_See below, letter to Secretary of the Navy._) Cyrus W. Field said, -at a dinner given in 1858 to celebrate the first cable message across -the Atlantic,--"Maury furnished the brains, England gave the money, -and I did the work." - -His "Physical Geography of the Sea" has been translated into all the -languages of Europe, and caused Humboldt to say that Maury had founded -a new science. His researches and scientific labors gained him honors -and medals from all scientific societies. His "Navigation" and -"Geographies" are in popular use in our schools. His style is -irresistibly attractive, being clear, strong, elegant, and indicative -of truth in the man behind it. - -He entered the Confederate service in 1861, and was employed at first -at Richmond and later as naval agent in Europe. When Lee surrendered, -he was in the West Indies on his way to put in use against Federal -vessels in Southern ports a method of arranging torpedo mines which he -had invented. - -He then went to Mexico (1865) and took a position in the Cabinet of -the Emperor Maximilian; but the revolution there (1866) terminated his -relations with that government. After two years in England, he -returned to Virginia and in 1868 became professor of Physics in the -Virginia Military Institute. At this time the University of Cambridge -conferred upon him the degree of LL. D., and the Emperor of the French -invited him to Paris as superintendent of the Imperial Observatory. - -His life has been written in a most engaging style by his daughter, -Mrs. Diana Fontaine Maury Corbin. - - -WORKS. - - Navigation. - Scraps from the Lucky Bay, by Harry Bluff. - Rebuilding Southern Commerce. - Wind and Current Charts. - Sailing Directions. - Physical Geography of the Sea. - Series of Geographies. - Physical Survey of Virginia. - Resources of West Virginia (with Wm. M. Fontaine). - Lanes for Steamers Crossing the Atlantic. - Amazon and Atlantic Slopes. - Magnetism and the Circulation of the Atmosphere. - - -THE GULF STREAM. - -(_From Sailing Directions._) - -It is not necessary to associate with oceanic currents the idea that -they must of necessity, as on land, run from a higher to a lower -level. So far from this being the case, some currents of the sea -actually run up-hill, while others run on a level. The Gulf Stream is -of the first class. In a paper read before the National Institute in -1844, I showed why the bottom of the Gulf Stream ought, theoretically, -to be an inclined plane, running _upwards_. If the Gulf Stream be 200 -fathoms deep in the Florida Pass, and but 100 fathoms off Hatteras, it -is evident that the bottom would be lifted 100 fathoms within that -distance; and therefore, while the bottom of the Gulf Stream runs -up-hill, the top preserves the water-level, or nearly so; for its -banks are of sea-water, and being in the ocean, are themselves on a -water-level. . . - -. . . . . . . - -I have also, on a former occasion, pointed out the fact, that, -inasmuch as the Gulf Stream is a bed of warm water, lying between -banks of cold water--that as warm water is lighter than -cold--therefore, the surface of the Gulf Stream ought, theoretically, -to be in the shape of a double inclined plane, like the roof a house, -down which we may expect to find a shallow surface or roof current, -running from the middle towards either edge of the stream. - -The fact that this roof-current does exist has been fully -established . . . . . . by officers of the navy. Thus, in lowering a -boat to try a current, they found that the boat would invariably be -drifted towards one side or other of the stream, while the vessel -herself was drifted along in the direction of it. . . - -This feature of the Gulf Stream throws a gleam of light upon the -_locus_ of the Gulf weed, by proving that its place of growth cannot -be on this side (west) of that stream. No Gulf weed is ever found west -of the axis of the Gulf Stream; and, if we admit the top of the stream -to be higher in the middle than at the edges, it would be difficult to -imagine how the Gulf weed should cross it, or get from one side of it -to the other. - -The inference, therefore, would be, that as all the Gulf weed which is -seen about this stream is on its eastern declivity, the _locus_ of the -weed must be somewhere within or near the borders of the stream, and -to the east of the middle. And this idea is strengthened by the report -of Captain Scott, a most intelligent ship-master, who informs me that -he has seen the Gulf weed growing on the Bahama Banks. - - -DEEP-SEA SOUNDINGS. - -(_From a Letter to the Secretary of the Navy, 1854, given in Mrs. -Corbin's Life of Maury._[14]) - -The U. S. brig "Dolphin," lieutenant commanding O. H. Berryman, was -employed last summer upon special services connected with this -office. . . . He was directed also to carry along a line of deep-sea -soundings from the shores of Newfoundland to those of Ireland. The -result is highly interesting upon the question of a submarine -telegraph across the Atlantic, and I therefore beg leave to make it -the subject of a special report. - -This line of deep-sea sounding seems to be DECISIVE of the question as -to the practicability of a submarine telegraph between the two -continents _in so far as the bottom of the deep sea is concerned_. -From Newfoundland to Ireland the distance between the nearest points -is about 1600 miles, and the bottom of the sea between the two places -is a plateau which seems to have been placed there especially for the -purpose of holding the wires of the submarine telegraph, and of -keeping them out of harm's way. It is neither too deep nor too -shallow; yet it is so deep that the wires but once landed will remain -forever beyond the reach of the anchors of vessels, icebergs, and -drifts of any kind, and so shallow, that they may be readily lodged -upon the bottom. . . . . . . - -A wire laid across from either of the above-named places on this side -to the north of the Grand Banks, will rest on that beautiful plateau -to which I have alluded, and where the waters of the sea appear to be -as quiet and as completely at rest as it is at the bottom of a -mill-pond. It is proper that the reasons should be stated for the -inference that there are no perceptible currents and no abrading -agents at work at the bottom of the sea upon this telegraphic plateau. -I derive this inference from the study of a physical fact, which I -little deemed, when I sought it, had any such bearings. - -Lieutenant Berryman brought up, with "Brooke's deep-sea sounding -apparatus," specimens of the bottom from this plateau. I sent them to -Professor Bailey, at West Point, for examination under his microscope. -This he kindly undertook, and that eminent microscopist was quite as -much surprised to find, as I was to learn, that all these specimens of -deep-sea soundings are filled with microscopic shells. To use his own -words, "not a particle of sand or gravel exists in them." These little -shells therefore suggest the fact that there are no currents at the -bottom of the sea whence they come; that Brooke's lead found them -where they were deposited in their burial-place. . . . - -Had there been currents at the bottom, they would have swept and -abraded and mingled up with these microscopic remains the _débris_ of -the bottom of the sea, such as ooze, sand, gravel, and other matter; -but not a particle of sand or gravel was found among them. Hence the -inference that these depths of the sea are not disturbed by either -waves or currents. Consequently, a telegraphic wire once laid there -would remain as completely beyond the reach of accident as it would be -if buried in air-tight cases. - - -HEROIC DEATH OF LIEUTENANT HERNDON. - -(_From Maury's Report, in Mrs. Corbin's Life of Maury._[15]) - - U. S. NATIONAL OBSERVATORY, - WASHINGTON, D. C., _October 19th, 1857_. - -SIR,--On the 12th day of September last, at sea, the U. S. mail -steamship "Central America," with the California mails, many of the -passengers and crew, and a large amount of treasure on board, -foundered in a gale [off Cape Hatteras]. The law requires the vessels -of this line to be commanded by officers of the Navy, and Commander -William Lewis Herndon had this one. He went down with his ship, -leaving a glowing example of devotion to duty, Christian conduct, and -true heroism. . . . . - -The "Central America," at the time of her loss, was bound from -Aspinwall, viâ Havana, to New York. She had on board, as nearly as has -been ascertained, about two millions in gold, and 474 passengers, -besides a crew, all told, of 101 souls--total, 575. - -She touched at Havana on the 7th September last, and put to sea again -at nine o'clock on the morning of the 8th. The ship was apparently in -good order, the time seemed propitious, and all hands were in fine -health and spirits, for the prospects of a safe and speedy passage -home were very cheering. The breeze was from the trade winds quarter -at N. E.; but at midnight on the 9th it freshened to a gale, which -continued to increase till the forenoon of Friday, September 11th, -when it blew with great violence. . . - -Up to this time the ship behaved admirably; nothing had occurred -worthy of note, or in any way calculated to excite suspicions of her -prowess, until the forenoon of that day, when it was discovered that -she had sprung a leak. The sea was running high: . . . the leak was so -large that by 1 P. M. the water had risen high enough to extinguish -the fires on one side and stop the engine. . . . Crew and passengers -worked manfully, pumping and baling all Friday afternoon and night, -and when day dawned upon them the violence of the storm was still -increasing. . . . The flag was hoisted union down, that every vessel -as she hove in sight might know they were in distress and wanted -help. . . . . . . . - -Finally, about noon of Saturday the 12th, the gale began to abate and -the sky to brighten. . . . At about 2 P. M. the brig "Marine," Captain -Burt, of Boston, bound from the West Indies to New York, heard -minute-guns, and saw the steamer's signals of distress. She ran down -to the sinking ship, and though very much crippled herself by the -gale, promised to lay by. . . . The steamer's boats were ordered to be -lowered--the "Marine" had none that could live in such a sea. . . . -All the women and children were first sent to the brig, and every one -arrived there in safety. Each boat made two loads to the brig, -carrying in all 100 persons. - -By this time night was setting in. The brig had drifted to leeward -several miles away from the steamer; and was so crippled that she -could not beat up to her again. - -Black's (the boatswain) boat alone returned the second time. Her -gallant crew had been buffeting with the storm for two days and -nights without rest, and with little or no food. The boat itself had -been badly stove while alongside with the last load of passengers. She -was so much knocked to pieces as to be really unserviceable, nor could -she have held another person. Still those brave seamen, inspired by -the conduct and true to the trust imposed in them by their Captain, -did not hesitate to leave the brig again, and pull back through the -dark for miles, across an angry sea, that they might join him in his -sinking ship, and take their chances with the rest. . . . . . - -As one of the last boats was about to leave the ship, her commander -gave his watch to a passenger with the request that it might be -delivered to his wife. He wished to charge him with a message for her -also, but his utterance was choked. "Tell her----." Unable to proceed, -he bent down his head and buried his face in his hands for a moment as -if in prayer, for he was a devout man and a Christian. - -In that moment, brief as it was, he endured the great agony; but it -was over now. . . . He had resolved to go down with his ship. Calm and -collected, he rose up from that mighty struggle with renewed vigour, -and went with encouraging looks about the duties of the ship as -before. . . . - -After the boat which bore Mr. Payne--to whom Herndon had entrusted his -watch--had shoved off, the Captain went to his state-room and put on -his uniform; . . . . . then walking out, he took his stand on the -wheel-house, holding on to the iron railing with his left hand. A -rocket was sent off, the ship fetched her last lurch, and as she went -down he uncovered. . . . - -Just before the steamer went down, a row-boat was heard approaching. -Herndon hailed her; it was the boatswain's boat, rowed by "hard hands -and gentle hearts," returning from on board the brig to report her -disabled condition. If she came alongside she would be engulfed with -the sinking ship. Herndon ordered her to keep off. She did so, and was -saved. This, as far as I have been able to learn, was his last order. -Forgetful of self, mindful of others, his life was beautiful to the -last, and in his death he has added a new glory to the annals of the -sea. - -[A handsome monument to his memory stands in the Parade-ground of the -Naval School at Annapolis.] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[14] By permission of Mrs. Corbin. - -[15] By permission of Mrs. Corbin. - - - - -WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS. - -~1806=1870.~ - - -WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS was born and reared in Charleston, South -Carolina. His early education was limited; he was for a while clerk in -a drug-store and then he studied law. But his decided taste for -letters soon induced him to devote his entire time and attention to -their cultivation. He wrote rapidly and voluminously, and produced -poems, novels, dramas, histories, biographies, book-reviews, -editorials,--in short, all kinds of writing. He was editor of various -journals at different times, and did all he could to inspire and -foster a literary taste in his generation. His style shows the effect -of haste and overwork. - -[Illustration: ~Woodlands, S. C., Home of W. Gilmore Simms.~] - -His novels dealing with Colonial and Revolutionary subjects are his -best work. They give us graphic pictures of the struggles that our -forefathers in the South had with the wild beasts, swamps, forests, -and Indians in Colonial times, and with these and the British in the -Revolutionary period. They should be read in connection with our early -history, especially the following: _Yemassee_, (_1714, Colonial -times_); _Partisan_, _Mellichampe_, and _Katharine Walton_, (_forming -the Revolutionary Trilogy_); _Eutaw_; _Scout_; _Forayers_; -_Woodcraft_, (_1775-1783_); _Wigwam and Cabin_ (_a collection of short -stories_). - -Some of his poems are well worth reading, especially the legends of -Indian and Colonial life; and the Spirits' songs in "Atalantis" are -very dainty and musical. - -He was the friend and helper of his younger fellow-workers in -literature, among whom were notably Paul Hamilton Hayne and Henry -Timrod. At his country home "Woodlands" and in Charleston, he -dispensed a generous and delightful hospitality and made welcome his -many friends from North, South, and West. The last few years of his -life were darkened by distress and poverty, in common with his -brethren all over the South; and his heroic struggle against them -reminds us of that of Sir Walter Scott, though far more dire and -pathetic. - -A fine bust of him by Ward adorns the Battery in his native and -much-loved city. See Life, by William P. Trent. - - -WORKS. - -NOVELS. - - Martin Faber. - Book of My Lady. - Guy Rivers. - Yemassee. - Partisan. - Mellichampe. - Richard Hurdis. - Palayo. - Carl Werner and other Tales. - Border Beagles. - Confession, or the Blind Heart. - Beauchampe, [sequel to Charlemont]. - Helen Halsey. - Castle Dismal. - Count Julian. - Wigwam and Cabin. - Katharine Walton. - Golden Christmas. - Forayers. - Maroon, and other Tales. - Utah. - Woodcraft. - Marie de Bernière. - Father Abbott. - Scout, [first called Kinsmen.] - Charlemont. - Cassique of Kiawah. - Vasconselos, [tale of De Soto.] - -POEMS, [2 volumes.] - - Atalantis. - Grouped Thoughts and Scattered Fancies. - Lays of the Palmetto. - Southern Passages and Pictures. - Areytos: Songs and Ballads of the South. - -DRAMAS. - - Norman Maurice. - Michael Bonham, or Fall of the Alamo. - -BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY, &C. - - Life of General Francis Marion. - Life of Captain John Smith. - Life of Chevalier Bayard. - Geography of South Carolina. - Reviews in Periodicals [2 vols.]. - Life of General Nathanael Greene. - History of South Carolina. - South Carolina in the Revolution. - War Poetry of the South. - Seven Dramas of Shakspere. - - -SONNET.--THE POET'S VISION. - - Upon the Poet's soul they flash forever, - In evening shades, these glimpses strange and sweet; - They fill his heart betimes,--they leave him never, - And haunt his steps with sounds of falling feet; - He walks beside a mystery night and day; - Still wanders where the sacred spring is hidden; - Yet, would he take the seal from the forbidden, - Then must he work and watch as well as pray! - How work? How watch? Beside him--in his way,-- - Springs without check the flow'r by whose choice spell,-- - More potent than "herb moly,"--he can tell - Where the stream rises, and the waters play!-- - Ah! spirits call'd avail not! On his eyes, - Sealed up with stubborn clay, the darkness lies. - - -THE DOOM OF OCCONESTOGA. - -(_From Yemassee._) - - [Occonestoga, the degenerate son of the Yemassee chief - Sanutee, has been condemned, for befriending the whites, - to a fate worse than death. The _totem_ of his tribe, an - arrow branded upon the shoulder, is to be cut and burnt - out by the executioner, Malatchie, and he is to be - declared accursed from his tribe and from their paradise - forever, "a slave of Opitchi-Manneyto," the evil - spirit.] - -Occonestoga's head sank in despair, as he beheld the unchanging look -of stern resolve with which the unbending sire regarded him. For a -moment he was unmanned; until a loud shout of derision from the crowd -as they beheld the show of his weakness, came to the support of his -pride. The Indian shrinks from humiliation, where he would not shrink -from death; and, as the shout reached his ears, he shouted back his -defiance, raised his head loftily in air, and with the most perfect -composure, commenced singing his song of death, the song of many -victories. - -"Wherefore sings he his death-song?" was the cry from many -voices,--"he is not to die!" - -"Thou art the slave of Opitchi-Manneyto," cried Malatchie to the -captive, "thou shalt sing no lie of thy victories in the ear of -Yemassee. The slave of Opitchi-Manneyto has no triumph"--and the words -of the song were effectually drowned, if not silenced, in the -tremendous clamor which they raised about him. It was then that -Malatchie claimed his victim--the doom had been already given, but the -ceremony of expatriation and outlawry was yet to follow, and under the -direction of the prophet, the various castes and classes of the nation -prepared to take a final leave of one who could no longer be known -among them. First of all came a band of young marriageable women, who, -wheeling in a circle three times about him, sang together a wild -apostrophe containing a bitter farewell, which nothing in our language -could perfectly embody. - -"Go,--thou hast no wife in Yemassee,--thou hast given no lodge to the -daughter of Yemassee,--thou hast slain no meat for thy children. Thou -hast no name--the women of Yemassee know thee no more. They know thee -no more." - -And the final sentence was reverberated from the entire assembly, -"They know thee no more, they know thee no more." - -Then came a number of the ancient men,--the patriarchs of the nation, -who surrounded him in circular mazes three several times, singing as -they did so a hymn of like import. - -"Go--thou sittest not in the council of Yemassee--thou shalt not -speak wisdom to the boy that comes. Thou hast no name in Yemassee--the -fathers of Yemassee, they know thee no more." - -And again the whole assembly cried out, as with one voice, "They know -thee no more, they know thee no more." - -These were followed by the young warriors, his old associates, who -now, in a solemn band, approached him to go through a like -performance. His eyes were shut as they came, his blood was chilled in -his heart, and the articulated farewell of their wild chant failed -seemingly to reach his ear. Nothing but the last sentence he heard-- - - "Thou that wast a brother, - Thou art nothing now, - The young warriors of Yemassee, - They know thee no more." - -And the crowd cried with them, "They know thee no more." - -"Is no hatchet sharp for Occonestoga?" moaned forth the suffering -savage. But his trials were only then begun. Enoree-Mattee now -approached him with the words, with which, as the representative of -the good Manneyto, he renounced him,--with which he denied him access -to the Indian heaven, and left him a slave and an outcast, a miserable -wanderer amid the shadows and the swamps, and liable to all the doom -and terrors which come with the service of Opitchi-Manneyto. - - "Thou wast the child of Manneyto," - -sung the high priest in a solemn chant, and with a deep-toned voice -that thrilled strangely amid the silence of the scene, - - "Thou wast the child of Manneyto - He gave thee arrows and an eye,-- - Thou wast the strong son of Manneyto, - He gave thee feathers and a wing,-- - Thou wast a young brave of Manneyto, - He gave thee scalps and a war-song,-- - But he knows thee no more--he knows thee no more." - -And the clustering multitude again gave back the last line in wild -chorus. The prophet continued his chant: - - "That Opitchi-Manneyto!-- - He commands thee for his slave-- - And the Yemassee must hear him, - Hear, and give thee for his slave-- - They will take from thee the arrow, - The broad arrow of thy people,-- - Thou shalt see no blessed valley, - Where the plum-groves always bloom-- - Thou shalt hear no songs of valour, - From the ancient Yemassee-- - Father, mother, name, and people, - Thou shalt lose with that broad arrow, - Thou art lost to the Manneyto,-- - He knows thee no more--he knows thee no more." - -The despair of hell was in the face of the victim, and he howled -forth, in a cry of agony that for a moment silenced the wild chorus of -the crowd around, the terrible consciousness in his mind of that -privation which the doom entailed upon him. Every feature was -convulsed with emotion; and the terrors of Opitchi-Manneyto's dominion -seemed already in strong exercise upon the muscles of his heart, when -Sanutee, the father, silently approached him, and with a pause of a -few moments, stood gazing upon the son from whom he was to be -separated eternally-- . . . - -. . . . . - -In a loud and bitter voice he exclaimed, "Thy father knows thee no -more,"--and once more came to the ears of the victim the melancholy -chorus of the multitude--"He knows thee no more, he knows thee no -more." Sanutee turned quickly away as he had spoken; and as if he -suffered more than he was willing to show, the old man rapidly -hastened to the little mound where he had been previously sitting, his -eyes averted from the further spectacle. Occonestoga, goaded to -madness by these several incidents, shrieked forth the bitterest -execrations, until Enoree-Mattee, preceding Malatchie, again -approached. Having given some directions in an under-tone to the -latter, he retired, leaving the executioner alone with his victim. -Malatchie, then, while all was silence in the crowd,--a thick silence, -in which even respiration seemed to be suspended,--proceeded to his -duty; and, lifting the feet of Occonestoga carefully from the ground, -he placed a log under them--then addressing him, as he again bared his -knife which he stuck in the tree above his head, he sung-- - - "I take from thee the earth of Yemassee-- - I take from thee the water of Yemassee-- - I take from thee the arrow of Yemassee-- - Thou art no longer a Yemassee-- - The Yemassee knows thee no more." - -"The Yemassee knows thee no more," cried the multitude, and their -universal shout was deafening upon the ear. Occonestoga said no word -now--he could offer no resistance to the unnerving hands of Malatchie, -who now bared the arm more completely of its covering. But his limbs -were convulsed with the spasms of that dreadful terror of the future -which was racking and raging in every pulse of his heart. He had full -faith in the superstitions of his people. His terrors acknowledged -the full horrors of their doom. A despairing agony which no language -could describe had possession of his soul. - -Meanwhile, the silence of all indicated the general anxiety; and -Malatchie prepared to seize the knife and perform the operation, when -a confused murmur arose from the crowd around; the mass gave way and -parted, and, rushing wildly into the area, came Matiwan, his mother, -the long black hair streaming, the features, an astonishing likeness -to his own, convulsed like his; and her action that of one reckless of -all things in the way of the forward progress she was making to the -person of her child. She cried aloud as she came, with a voice that -rang like a sudden death-bell through the ring. - -"Would you keep a mother from her boy, and he to be lost to her for -ever? Shall she have no parting with the young brave she bore in her -bosom? Away, keep me not back--I will look upon him, I will love him. -He shall have the blessing of Matiwan, though the Yemassee and the -Manneyto curse." - -The victim heard, and a momentary renovation of mental life, perhaps a -renovation of hope, spoke out in the simple exclamation which fell -from his lips: - -"Oh, Matiwan--oh, mother!" - -She rushed towards the spot where she heard his appeal, and thrusting -the executioner aside, threw her arms desperately about his neck. - -"Touch him not, Matiwan," was the general cry from the crowd; "touch -him not, Matiwan,--Manneyto knows him no more." - -"But Matiwan knows him--the mother knows her child, though Manneyto -denies him. Oh, boy--oh, boy, boy, boy." And she sobbed like an infant -on his neck. - -"Thou art come, Matiwan--thou art come, but wherefore? To curse, like -the father--to curse, like the Manneyto?" mournfully said the captive. - -"No, no, no! Not to curse, not to curse. When did mother curse the -child she bore? Not to curse, but to bless thee. To bless thee and -forgive." - -"Tear her away," cried the prophet; "let Opitchi-Manneyto have his -slave." - -"Tear her away, Malatchie," cried the crowd, now impatient for the -execution. Malatchie approached. - -"Not yet, not yet," appealed the woman. "Shall not the mother say -farewell to the child she shall see no more?" and she waved Malatchie -back, and in the next instant drew hastily from the drapery of her -dress a small hatchet, which she had there carefully concealed. - -"What wouldst thou do, Matiwan?" asked Occonestoga, as his eye caught -the glare of the weapon. - -"Save thee, my boy--save thee for thy mother, Occonestoga--save thee -for the happy valley." - -"Wouldst thou slay me, mother, wouldst strike the heart of thy son?" -he asked, with a something of reluctance to receive death from the -hands of a parent. - -"I strike thee but to save thee, my son; since they cannot take the -totem from thee after the life is gone. Turn away from me thy -head--let me not look upon thine eyes as I strike, lest my hands grow -weak and tremble. Turn thine eyes away; I will not lose thee." - -His eyes closed, and the fatal instrument, lifted above her head, was -now visible in the sight of all. The executioner rushed forward to -interpose, but he came too late. The tomahawk was driven deep into the -skull, and but a single sentence from his lips preceded the final -insensibility of the victim. - -"It is good, Matiwan, it is good; thou hast saved me; the death is in -my heart." And back he sank as he spoke, while a shriek of mingled joy -and horror from the lips of the mother announced the success of her -effort to defeat the doom, the most dreadful in the imagination of the -Yemassee. - -"He is not lost, he is not lost. They may not take the child from his -mother. They may not keep him from the valley of Manneyto. He is -free--he is free." And she fell back in a deep swoon into the arms of -Sanutee, who by this time had approached. She had defrauded -Opitchi-Manneyto of his victim, for they may not remove the badge of -the nation from any but the living victim. - - -MARION. - -"_The Swamp Fox._" - -(_From the Partisan._) - - I. - - We follow where the Swamp Fox guides, - His friends and merry men are we; - And when the troop of Tarleton rides, - We burrow in the cypress tree. - The turfy hammock is our bed, - Our home is in the red deer's den, - Our roof, the tree-top overhead, - For we are wild and hunted men. - - II. - - We fly by day, and shun its light, - But, prompt to strike the sudden blow, - We mount and start with early night, - And through the forest track our foe. - And soon he hears our chargers leap, - The flashing sabre blinds his eyes, - And ere he drives away his sleep, - And rushes from his camp, he dies. - - III. - - Free bridle-bit, good gallant steed, - That will not ask a kind caress, - To swim the Santee at our need, - When on his heels the foemen press,-- - The true heart and the ready hand, - The spirit stubborn to be free, - The twisted bore, the smiting brand,-- - And we are Marion's men, you see. - - IV. - - Now light the fire, and cook the meal, - The last perhaps that we shall taste; - I hear the Swamp Fox round us steal, - And that's a sign we move in haste. - He whistles to the scouts, and hark! - You hear his order calm and low-- - Come, wave your torch across the dark, - And let us see the boys that go. - - V. - - We may not see their forms again, - God help 'em, should they find the strife! - For they are strong and fearless men, - And make no coward terms for life; - They'll fight as long as Marion bids, - And when he speaks the word to shy, - Then--not till then--they turn their steeds, - Through thickening shade and swamp to fly. - - VI. - - Now stir the fire, and lie at ease, - The scouts are gone, and on the brush - I see the colonel bend his knees, - To take his slumbers too--but hush! - He's praying, comrades; 'tis not strange; - The man that's fighting day by day, - May well, when night comes, take a change, - And down upon his knees to pray. - - VII. - - Break up that hoe-cake, boys, and hand - The sly and silent jug that's there; - I love not it should idly stand, - When Marion's men have need of cheer. - 'Tis seldom that our luck affords - A stuff like this we just have quaffed, - And dry potatoes on our boards - May always call for such a draught. - - VIII. - - Now pile the brush and roll the log; - Hard pillow, but a soldier's head - That's half the time in brake and bog - Must never think of softer bed. - The owl is hooting to the night, - The cooter crawling o'er the bank, - And in that pond the flashing light - Tells where the alligator sank. - - IX. - - What! 'tis the signal! start so soon. - And through the Santee swamp so deep, - Without the aid of friendly moon, - And we, Heaven help us! half asleep! - But courage, comrades! Marion leads, - The Swamp Fox takes us out to-night; - So clear your swords, and spur your steeds, - There's goodly chance, I think, of fight. - - X. - - We follow where the Swamp Fox guides, - We leave the swamp and cypress tree, - Our spurs are in our coursers' sides, - And ready for the strife are we,-- - The Tory camp is now in sight, - And there he cowers within his den,-- - He hears our shouts, he dreads the fight, - He fears, and flies from Marion's men. - - - - -[Illustration: [Handwriting: Most truly & aff^ly yours - R E Lee]] - - - - -ROBERT EDWARD LEE. - -~1807=1870.~ - - -ROBERT EDWARD LEE was born at Stratford, Westmoreland County, -Virginia, descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors. He was -educated as a soldier at West Point, served with great distinction -under General Scott in the Mexican War, and commanded the troops which -suppressed the John Brown Raid in 1859. When his State seceded in -1861, he resigned his commission of Colonel in the United States Army, -and returned to Virginia. He was appointed commander-in-chief of the -Virginia forces, and later of the Confederate Army. His course during -the war has elicited the praise and admiration of all military -critics. After the war he quietly turned to the duties of a citizen. -He became president of Washington College, which is now called in his -honor Washington and Lee University. He stands with Washington a model -for young men, and many monuments in marble and bronze attest the love -and devotion of the South to her great Chief. - - -WORKS. - - _Edited_ his father's Memoirs of the Revolution. - Letters and Addresses. - -General Lee was a soldier and a man who acted rather than spoke or -wrote. When, however, it was his duty to speak or write, he did it, as -he did everything else, excellently, striving to express in simplest -language the right and proper thing rather than draw attention and -admiration to himself by any effort at grace or beauty of style. Its -simplicity reminds us of Washington. - -His life has been written by John Esten Cooke, John William Jones, -J. D. McCabe, Jr., and Fitz Hugh Lee, his nephew. - - -TO HIS SON. - -Duty is the sublimest word in the English language. - - -At THE SURRENDER. - -Human virtue should be equal to human calamity. - - -GENERAL LEE'S LAST ORDER. - -(_Appomattox Court-House, April 10, 1865._) - -After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and -fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield -to overwhelming numbers and resources. I need not tell the survivors -of so many hard-fought battles, who have remained steadfast to the -last, that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them; -but, feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that -would compensate for the loss that would have attended the -continuation of the contest, I have determined to avoid the useless -sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their -countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return -to their homes, and remain there until exchanged. - -You will take with you _the satisfaction that proceeds from the -consciousness of duty faithfully performed_; and I earnestly pray that -a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection. With an -unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, -and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of -myself, I bid you an affectionate farewell. - -[Illustration: ~Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.~] - - -LETTER ACCEPTING THE PRESIDENCY OF WASHINGTON COLLEGE. - - POWHATAN COUNTY, _August 24, 1865_. - -GENTLEMEN:--I have delayed for some days replying to your letter of -the 5th instant informing me of my election, by the board of Trustees, -to the Presidency of Washington College, from a desire to give the -subject due consideration. Fully impressed with the responsibilities -of the office, I have feared that I should be unable to discharge its -duties to the satisfaction of the Trustees, or to the benefit of the -country. The proper education of youth requires not only great -ability, but, I fear, more strength than I now possess; for I do not -feel able to undergo the labor of conducting classes in regular -courses of instruction. I could not, therefore, undertake more than -the general administration and supervision of the institution. - -There is another subject which has caused me serious reflection, and -is, I think, worthy of the consideration of the Board. Being excluded -from the terms of amnesty in the proclamation of the United States of -the 29th of May last, and an object of censure to a portion of the -country, I have thought it probable that my occupation of the position -of president might draw upon the college a feeling of hostility, and I -should therefore cause injury to an institution which it would be my -highest object to advance. - -I think it the duty of every citizen, in the present condition of the -country, to do all in his power to aid in the restoration of peace and -harmony, and in no way to oppose the policy of the State or general -Government directed to that object. It is particularly incumbent on -those charged with the instruction of the young to set them an example -of submission to authority, and I could not consent to be the cause -of animadversion upon the college. Should you, however, take a -different view, and think that my services, in the position tendered -me by the Board, will be advantageous to the college and the country, -I will yield to your judgment and accept it; otherwise I must most -respectfully decline the offer. - -Begging you to express to the Trustees of the college my heartfelt -gratitude for the honor conferred upon me, and requesting you to -accept my cordial thanks for the kind manner in which you have -communicated its decision, I am, gentlemen, your most obedient -servant, - - R. E. LEE. - - - - -JEFFERSON DAVIS. - -~1808=1889.~ - - -JEFFERSON DAVIS, President of the Confederate States, was born in Todd -County, Kentucky, but his father removed to Mississippi soon -afterwards, and he was reared and partly educated in that state. Later -he attended Transylvania University in Kentucky, and in 1824 entered -West Point. He was graduated in 1828 and served seven years in the -army, being stationed in Missouri and Minnesota. On account of -ill-health he resigned in 1835 and travelled, and then settled on his -Mississippi plantation, "Brierfield." - -He was elected to Congress in 1845; served in the Mexican War with -great distinction and was injured in eye and limb at the battle of -Buena Vista. He was Secretary of War in President Pierce's cabinet, -and was a Senator when Mississippi seceded from the Union. - -He made his farewell to the Senate in January, 1861, and returned home -where he was at once appointed commander of the State troops. But he -had been elected president of the new Confederacy by the Convention at -Montgomery, and he was inaugurated, February 18, 1861. On the change -of the capital from Montgomery to Richmond, he removed to the latter -city and remained there until the war was ended. - -He was imprisoned for two years at Fort Monroe, to be tried as a -traitor to the United States. Being finally released on bail, he went -for his health to England and Canada; and then he resided in Memphis -and at "Beauvoir," Mississippi, which latter place was his home when -he died. This home, "Beauvoir," he had arranged to purchase from Mrs. -Dorsey, who was a kind and devoted friend to his family and had -assisted him in his writing; but on her death in 1879, it was found -that she had left a will bequeathing it to him and to his daughter -Varina Anne. He, like Lee, had always declined the many offers of -homes and incomes made by their devoted and admiring friends. - -On him, as President of the Confederacy, seems to have fallen in some -sense the whole odium of the failure of that cause; and this passage -from Winnie Davis' "An Irish Knight" has a touching application to his -case: "Thus died Ireland's true knight, sinking into the grave clothed -in all the bright promise of his youth; never to put on the sad livery -of age; never to feel the hopelessness of those who live to see the -principles for which they suffered trampled and forgotten by the -onward march of new interests and new men. Perhaps Freedom like some -deity of ancient Greece, loved him too well to let the slurs and -contumely of outrageous fortune dim the bright lustre of his virgin -fame." He is enshrined in the hearts of thousands. - -His daughter, Varina Anne, or Winnie, "the Child of the Confederacy," -as she is lovingly called, is a writer of some ability. She was -educated in Europe, and has written "An Irish Knight" [story of Robert -Emmet], and articles for magazines. Mrs. Jefferson Davis' Life of Mr. -Davis is a work of rare excellence and interest. See also _Davis -Memorial Volume_, by J. Wm. Jones. - - -WORKS. - - Rise and Fall of the Confederacy. - Autobiography, [unfinished; it is included in Mrs. Davis' book.] - -Mr. Davis' writings have a force and dignity of style that accord well -with his character. "His orations and addresses are marked by -classical purity, chaste elegance of expression, a certain nobleness -of diction, and a just proportion of sentence to idea."--John P. -McGuire. - - -TRIP TO KENTUCKY AT SEVEN YEARS OF AGE, AND VISIT TO GENERAL JACKSON. - -(_From Autobiography in Mrs. Davis' Life of Davis._[16]) - -My first tuition was in the usual log-cabin school-house; though in -the summer when I was seven years old, I was sent on horseback through -what was then called "The Wilderness"--by the country of the Choctaw -and Chickasaw nations--to Kentucky, and was placed in a Catholic -institution then known as St. Thomas, in Washington county, near the -town of Springfield. - -. . . When we reached Nashville we went to the Hermitage. Major Hinds -wished to visit his friend and companion-in-arms, General Jackson. The -whole party was so kindly received that we remained there for several -weeks. During that period I had the opportunity a boy has to observe a -great man--a stand-point of no small advantage--and I have always -remembered with warm affection the kind and tender wife who then -presided over his house. - -General Jackson's house at that time was a roomy log-house. In front -of it was a grove of fine forest trees, and behind it were his cotton -and grain fields. I have never forgotten the unaffected and well-bred -courtesy which caused him to be remarked by court-trained diplomats, -when President of the United States, by reason of his very impressive -bearing and manner. - -Notwithstanding the many reports that have been made of his profanity, -I remember that he always said grace at his table, and I never heard -him utter an oath. In the same connection, although he encouraged his -adopted son, A. Jackson, Jr., Howell Hinds, and myself in all contests -of activity, pony-riding included, he would not allow us to wrestle; -for, he said, to allow hands to be put on one another might lead to a -fight. He was always very gentle and considerate. . . . - -Our stay with General Jackson was enlivened by the visits of his -neighbors, and we left the Hermitage with great regret and pursued our -journey. In me he inspired reverence and affection that has remained -with me through my whole life. - - -LIFE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. - -Those who have intimately known the official and personal life of our -Presidents cannot fail to remember how few have left the office as -happy men as when they entered it, how darkly the shadows gathered -around the setting sun, and how eagerly the multitude would turn to -gaze upon another orb just rising to take its place in the political -firmament. - -[Illustration: ~Beauvoir.~] - -Worn by incessant fatigue, broken in fortune, debarred by public -opinion, prejudice, or tradition, from future employment, the wisest -and best who have filled that office have retired to private life, to -remember rather the failure of their hopes than the success of their -efforts. He must, indeed, be a self-confident man who could hope to -fill the chair of Washington with satisfaction to himself, with -assurance of receiving on his retirement the meed awarded by the -people to that great man, that he had "done enough for life and for -glory," or even feeling that the sacrifice of self had been -compensated by the service rendered to his country. - - -FAREWELL TO THE SENATE, 1861, ON THE OCCASION OF THE SECESSION OF -MISSISSIPPI FROM THE UNION. - -I rise, Mr. President, for the purpose of announcing to the Senate -that I have satisfactory evidence that the state of Mississippi, by a -solemn ordinance of her people, in convention assembled, has declared -her separation from the United States. Under these circumstances, of -course, my functions are terminated here. It has seemed to me proper, -however, that I should appear in the Senate to announce that fact to -my associates, and I will say but very little more. The occasion does -not invite me to go into argument, and my physical condition would not -permit me to do so, if it were otherwise; and yet it seems to become -me to say something on the part of the State I here represent on an -occasion so solemn as this. - -It is known to Senators who have served with me here that I have for -many years advocated, as an essential attribute of State sovereignty, -the right of a State to secede from the Union. Therefore, if I had not -believed there was justifiable cause, if I had thought that -Mississippi was acting without sufficient provocation, or without an -existing necessity, I should still, under my theory of the -government, because of my allegiance to the State of which I am a -citizen, have been bound by her action. I, however, may be permitted -to say that I do think she has justifiable cause, and I approve of her -act. I conferred with her people before that act was taken, counselled -them then that, if the state of things which they apprehended should -exist when their convention met, they should take the action which -they have now adopted. - -I hope none who hear me will confound this expression of mine with the -advocacy of the right of a State to remain in the Union, and to -disregard its constitutional obligations by the nullification of the -law. Such is not my theory. Nullification and Secession, so often -confounded, are, indeed, antagonistic principles. Nullification is a -remedy which it is sought to apply within the Union, and against the -agent of the States. It is only to be justified when the agent has -violated his constitutional obligations, and a State, assuming to -judge for itself, denies the right of the agent thus to act, and -appeals to the other States of the Union for a decision; but when the -States themselves, and the people of the States have so acted as to -convince us that they will not regard our constitutional rights, then, -and then for the first time, arises the doctrine of secession in its -practical application. - -A great man, who now reposes with his fathers, and who has often been -arraigned for a want of fealty to the Union, advocated the doctrine of -nullification because it preserved the Union. It was because of his -deep-seated attachment to the Union--his determination to find some -remedy for existing ills short of a severance of the ties which bound -South Carolina to the other States--that Mr. Calhoun advocated the -doctrine of nullification, which he proclaimed to be peaceful, to be -within the limits of State power, not to disturb the Union, but only -to be the means of bringing the agent before the tribunal of the -States for their judgment. - -Secession belongs to a different class of remedies. It is to be -justified upon the basis that the States are sovereign. There was a -time when none denied it. I hope the time may come again when a better -comprehension of the theory of our Government, and the inalienable -rights of the people of the States, will prevent any one from denying -that each State is a sovereign, and thus may reclaim the grants which -it has made to any agent whomsoever. . . - -In the course of my service here, associated at different times with a -great variety of Senators, I see now around me some with whom I have -served long; there have been points of collision, but, whatever of -offence there has been to me, I leave here. I carry with me no hostile -remembrance. Whatever offence I have given which has not been -redressed, or for which satisfaction has not been demanded, I have, -Senators, in this hour of our parting, to offer you my apology for any -pain which, in the heat of the discussion, I have inflicted. I go -hence unencumbered by the remembrance of any injury received, and -having discharged the duty of making the only reparation in my power -for any injury offered. - -Mr. President and Senators, having made the announcement which the -occasion seemed to me to require, it only remains for me to bid you a -final adieu. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[16] By Permission of Mrs. Davis. - - - - -EDGAR ALLAN POE. - -~1809=1849.~ - - -EDGAR ALLAN POE was born in Boston while his parents were filling a -theatrical engagement there. His father's family was of Baltimore, his -grandfather being Gen. David Poe of the Revolutionary War, and his -father, also named David Poe, having been born and reared in that -city. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Arnold, was an -English actress of fascinating beauty and manners. - -Left an orphan in 1811, Edgar was adopted by Mr. John Allan, a wealthy -merchant of Richmond, and was educated at private schools and the -University of Virginia, and in 1830 he entered West Point. But he got -himself dismissed the next year and devoted himself thereafter to a -literary life. Mr. Allan declining to aid him further, he had a -wretched struggle for existence. - -He seems to have gone to Baltimore and made acquaintance with some of -his relatives; and there he won a prize of $100 by a story, "MS. Found -in a Bottle," and was kindly helped by John Pendleton Kennedy. He -became editor of the "Southern Literary Messenger," in Richmond, and -was afterward engaged on various other magazines, writing stories, -poems, book-reviews, and paragraphs, in untiring abundance. - -He married his cousin, Virginia Clemm, in 1836, and their life -together was in itself ideally happy, like the life in the Valley of -the Many-Coloured Grass; and Mrs. Clemm, his aunt and mother-in-law, -was the good genius who watched over "her two strange children" with -an unwearying devotion, deserving the tribute of the love and -gratitude embalmed in his sonnet called "Mother." - -His engagement with any one magazine rarely lasted long, and there is -much diversity of opinion as to the cause; some ascribing it to Poe's -dissipated, irregular habits and irritable temper, others to the -meagre support of the magazines, still others to Poe's restless -disposition and desire to establish a periodical of his own. His -uncontrolled and high-strung nature, so sensitive that a single glass -of wine or swallow of opium caused temporary insanity, the -uncertainty of his means of subsistence, his wife's frail health and -her death in 1847, were causes sufficient to render unsteady even a -more solid character than Poe seems to have possessed. - -His writings produced a great sensation. When "The Raven" was -published in 1845, a friend said of its effect in New York, "Everybody -has been raven-mad about his last poem." Mrs. Browning wrote that an -acquaintance of hers who had a bust of Pallas could not bear to look -at it. His fame is as great, or perhaps greater in Europe than in -America, especially in France; and his works have been translated into -French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian. - -He died in Baltimore from causes never certainly known, his last -almost unconscious days being spent in a hospital; his dying words -were, "Lord, help my poor soul." He is buried in Westminster -churchyard, and in 1875 a monument was erected over his grave by the -teachers of Baltimore, generously aided by Mr. G. W. Childs of -Philadelphia. A memorial to him has been placed in the Metropolitan -Museum, New York, by the actors of the United States. - -No poet has been the subject of more conflicting opinions as to his -life, habits, character, and genius, than Poe. The best lives of him -are those by John H. Ingram, an Englishman, and George E. Woodberry in -the American Men of Letters Series. - - -WORKS. - - Poems. - Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. - Literati of New York. - Conchologist's First Book (condensed from Wyatt). - Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym. - Raven and other Poems. - Eureka, a Prose Poem. - Gold Bug, Balloon Hoax, &c. - -All his best known stories are highly artistic in finish, powerful in -theme, and often of such a nature as to make one shudder and avoid -them. "Israfel" is considered one of his most beautiful poems, and if -his self-consciousness could have allowed him to omit the last stanza, -it would have been without a flaw. - - -TO HELEN. - - Helen, thy beauty is to me - Like those Nicean barks of yore, - That, gently, o'er a perfumed sea, - The weary, way-worn wanderer bore - To his own native shore. - - On desperate seas long wont to roam, - Thy hyacinth hair, thy classic face, - Thy Naiad airs have brought me home - To the glory that was Greece - And the grandeur that was Rome. - - Lo! in yon brilliant window-niche - How statue-like I see thee stand! - The agate lamp within thy hand, - Ah! Psyche, from the regions which - Are Holy Land! - - -ISRAFEL. - -_And the angel Israfel, whose heart-strings are a lute, and who has -the sweetest voice of all God's creatures._--_Koran._ - - In Heaven a spirit doth dwell - "Whose heart-strings are a lute;" - None sing so wildly well - As the angel Israfel, - And the giddy stars (so legends tell) - Ceasing their hymns, attend the spell - Of his voice, all mute. - - Tottering above - In her highest noon, - The enamored moon - Blushes with love, - While, to listen, the red levin - (With the rapid Pleiades, even, - Which were seven) - Pauses in Heaven. - - And they say (the starry choir - And the other listening things) - That Israfeli's fire - Is owing to that lyre - By which he sits and sings-- - The trembling living wire - Of those unusual strings. - - But the skies that angel trod, - Where deep thoughts are a duty-- - Where Love's a grown-up God-- - Where the Houri glances are - Imbued with all the beauty - Which we worship in a star. - - Therefore, thou art not wrong, - Israfeli, who despisest - An unimpassioned song; - To thee the laurels belong, - Best bard, because the wisest! - Merrily live, and long! - - The ecstasies above - With thy burning measures suit-- - Thy grief, thy joy, thy hate, thy love, - With the fervor of thy lute-- - Well may the stars be mute! - - Yes, heaven is thine; but this - Is a world of sweets and sours; - Our flowers are merely--flowers, - And the shadow of thy perfect bliss - Is the sunshine of ours. - - If I could dwell - Where Israfel - Hath dwelt, and he where I, - He might not sing so wildly well - A mortal melody, - While a bolder note than this might swell - From my lyre within the sky. - - -HAPPINESS. - -The four elementary conditions of happiness are, life in the open air, -the love of a woman, forgetfulness of all ambition, and the creation -of a new ideal of beauty.--_From Domain of Arnheim._ - - -THE RAVEN. - - Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, - Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, - While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, - As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. - "'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door-- - Only this, and nothing more." - - Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, - And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. - Eagerly I wished the morrow;--vainly I had sought to borrow - From my books surcease of sorrow--sorrow for the lost Lenore-- - For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore-- - Nameless here for evermore. - - And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain - Thrilled me--filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; - So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating - "'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door-- - Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door,-- - This it is, and nothing more." - - Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer, - "Sir," said I, "or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; - But the fact is I was napping, and so gently you came rapping, - And so faintly you came tapping, tapping at my chamber door, - That I scarce was sure I heard you"--here I opened wide the door; - Darkness there, and nothing more. - - Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, - fearing, - Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before; - But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token, - And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, "Lenore." - This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, "Lenore!" - Merely this, and nothing more. - - Back into the chamber turning, all my soul within me burning, - Soon again I heard a tapping somewhat louder than before. - "Surely," said I, "surely that is something at my window lattice; - Let me see, then, what thereat is, and this mystery explore-- - Let my heart be still a moment and this mystery explore;-- - 'Tis the wind and nothing more!" - - Open here I flung the shutter, when, with many a flirt and flutter, - In there stepped a stately raven of the saintly days of yore; - Not the least obeisance made he; not a minute stopped or stayed he; - But, with mien of lord or lady, perched above my chamber door-- - Perched upon a bust of Pallas just above my chamber door-- - Perched, and sat, and nothing more. - - Then this ebony bird beguiling my sad fancy into smiling, - By the grave and stern decorum of the countenance it wore, - "Though thy crest be shorn and shaven, thou," I said, "art sure no - craven, - Ghastly grim and ancient raven wandering from the Nightly shore, - Tell me what thy lordly name is on the Night's Plutonian shore!" - Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." - - Much I marvelled this ungainly fowl to hear discourse so plainly, - Though its answer little meaning--little relevancy bore; - For we cannot help agreeing that no living human being - Ever yet was blessed with seeing bird above his chamber door-- - Bird or beast upon the sculptured bust above his chamber door, - With such name as "Nevermore." - - But the Raven, sitting lonely on the placid bust, spoke only - That one word, as if his soul in that one word he did outpour. - Nothing further then he uttered--not a feather then he fluttered-- - Till I scarcely more than muttered, "Other friends have flown before. - On the morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before." - Then the bird said, "Nevermore." - - Startled at the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, - "Doubtless," said I, "what it utters is its only stock and store - Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful Disaster - Followed fast and followed faster till his songs one burden bore - Till the dirges of his Hope that melancholy burden bore - Of 'Never--nevermore.'" - - But the raven still beguiling all my sad soul into smiling, - Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird and bust and door; - Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking - Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore-- - What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore - Meant in croaking "Nevermore." - - This I sat engaged in guessing, but no syllable expressing - To the fowl whose fiery eyes now burned into my bosom's core; - This and more I sat divining, with my head at ease reclining - On the cushion's velvet lining that the lamplight gloated o'er, - But whose velvet violet lining with the lamplight gloating o'er, - _She_ shall press, ah, nevermore! - - Then, methought, the air grew denser, perfumed from an unseen censer - Swung by seraphim whose foot-falls tinkled on the tufted floor. - "Wretch," I cried, "thy God hath lent thee--by these angels he hath - sent thee - Respite--respite and nepenthe from thy memories of Lenore! - Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!" - Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." - - "Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!--prophet still, if bird or devil!-- - Whether Tempter sent, or whether tempest tossed thee here ashore, - Desolate, yet all undaunted, on this desert land enchanted-- - On this home by Horror haunted--tell me truly, I implore-- - Is there--_is_ there balm in Gilead?--tell me--tell me, I implore!" - Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." - - "Prophet!" said I, "thing of evil!--prophet still, if bird or devil! - By that Heaven that bends above us, by that God we both adore, - Tell this soul with sorrow laden, if, within the distant Aidenn, - It shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the angels name Lenore-- - Clasp a rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore." - Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." - - "Be that word our sign of parting, bird or fiend!" I shrieked, - upstarting-- - "Get thee back into the tempest and the Night's Plutonian shore! - Leave no black plume as a token of that lie thy soul hath spoken! - Leave my loneliness unbroken!--quit the bust above my door! - Take thy beak from out my heart, and take thy form from off my door!" - Quoth the raven, "Nevermore." - - And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting - On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; - And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming, - And the lamplight o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor, - And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor - Shall be lifted--nevermore! - - - - -ROBERT TOOMBS. - -~1810=1885.~ - -[Illustration: ~Robert Toombs.~] - - -ROBERT TOOMBS was born at Washington, Georgia, and studied at the -University of Georgia, then under the presidency of the famous Dr. -Moses Waddell; he afterwards attended Union College, Schenectady, -N. Y., and studied law at the University of Virginia. He settled in -his native town for legal practice and was so successful as to amass a -fortune within a few years. He served in the State Legislature and in -1845 was elected to Congress. In 1861, being a member of the United -States Senate, he took leave of it in order to join his State in -secession. He was appointed to the Confederate Cabinet, but soon -resigned and became a general in the field. After the war he was -ordered to be captured and held for trial as a traitor with Jefferson -Davis and Alexander H. Stephens; but he was never taken. He escaped -after much difficulty and many adventures, and went to Cuba and to -France: but he returned in 1867 to Georgia and resumed the practice -of law. - -He was notoriously the Big Rebel, even after the war, and refused to -take the oath of allegiance: when asked by a Northern friend why he -had never sued for pardon, he said, "Pardon for what? I have not -pardoned you all yet." Later in life he said that he regretted not -having re-instated himself in citizenship and taken part in public -affairs. See his Life, by P. A. Stovall, and by C. C. Jones, Jr. - - -WORKS. - - Speeches. - -Mr. Toombs' speeches in Congress are said to have been fiery, -powerful, and dogmatic. As a lawyer, Chief-Justice Jackson thus -characterizes his style: "Concentrated fire was always his policy. A -single sentence would win his case. A big thought, compressed into -small compass, was fatal to his foe. It is the clear insight of a -great mind only that shapes out truth in words few and simple. Brevity -is power, wherever thought is strong." - -"There is a regular mythology about Toombs at his State University. -The things he said would fill a volume of Sydney Smith, while the -pranks he played would rival the record of Robin Hood."--Stovall's -Life of Toombs. - - -FAREWELL TO THE SENATE, 1861. - -(_From Stovall's Life of Toombs._[17]) - -Senators, my countrymen have demanded no new government. They have -demanded no new constitution. The discontented States have demanded -nothing but clear, distinct, constitutional rights, rights older than -the Constitution. What do these rebels demand? First, that the people -of the United States shall have an equal right to emigrate and settle -in the Territories with whatever property (including slaves) they -possess. Second, that property in slaves shall be entitled to the same -protection from the government as any other property (leaving the -State the right to prohibit, protect, or abolish slavery within its -limits). Third, that persons committing crimes against slave property -in one State and flying to another shall be given up. Fourth, that -fugitive slaves shall be surrendered. Fifth, that Congress shall pass -laws for the punishment of all persons who shall aid and abet invasion -and insurrection in any other State. . . . . . - -You will not regard confederate obligations; you will not regard -constitutional obligations; you will not regard your oaths. What, -then, am I to do? Am I a freeman? Is my State a free State? We are -freemen; we have rights; I have stated them. We have wrongs; I have -recounted them. I have demonstrated that the party now coming into -power has declared us outlaws, and is determined to exclude thousands -of millions of our property from the common territory; that it has -declared us under the ban of the Union, and out of the protection of -the laws of the United States everywhere. They have refused to protect -us from invasion and insurrection by the Federal power, and the -Constitution denies to us, in the Union, the right to raise fleets and -armies for our own defence. All these charges I have proven by the -record; and I put them before the civilized world and demand the -judgment of to-day, of to-morrow, of distant ages, and of Heaven -itself, upon the justice of these causes. I am content, whatever it -be, to peril all in so holy a cause. We have appealed, time and again, -for these constitutional rights. You have refused them. We appeal -again. Restore us those rights as we had them; as your Court adjudges -them to be; just as our people have said they are. Redress these -flagrant wrongs--seen of all men--and it will restore fraternity, and -unity, and peace to us all. Refuse them, and what then? We shall then -ask you, "Let us depart in peace."[18] Refuse that, and you present us -war. We accept it, and, inscribing upon our banners the glorious -words, "Liberty and Equality," we will trust to the blood of the brave -and the God of battles for security and tranquility. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[17] By permission of the Cassell Publishing Company, N. Y. - -[18] All we ask is to be let alone--Jefferson Davis. - - - - -OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT. - -~1810=1877.~ - - -MADAME LE VERT, as she is usually styled, was born at Bellevue near -Augusta, Georgia, and was reared in Pensacola, Florida. She was a -granddaughter of George Walton, signer of the Declaration of -Independence, and daughter of George Walton, governor of Florida. She -learned languages easily and conversed well in French, Spanish, and -Italian. LaFayette said of her: "A truly wonderful child! She has been -conversing with intelligence and tact in the purest French. I predict -for her a brilliant career." She gave the name to the capital of -Florida, Tallahassee, a Seminole word meaning "beautiful land." She -spent several seasons in Washington; and she wrote such excellent -accounts of the speeches in Congress, that Calhoun, Webster, and Clay -frequently asked her to read to them their own speeches from her -portfolio. - -In 1836 she was married to Dr. Henry S. Le Vert of Mobile and removed -to that city. She travelled in Europe in 1853 and 1855, and her -delightful journal and letters home were afterwards arranged and -published as "Souvenirs of Travel." Their spirit and style make them -charming yet, and they are valuable as pictures of the times. - -Her memory is still fragrant as a most gracious and lovely woman, a -brilliant conversationalist, and a queen of society. It is said of her -that her tongue never wounded and that she never had an enemy. - - -WORKS. - - Souvenirs of Travel. - Souvenirs of the War, [unpublished]. - Souvenirs of Distinguished People, [unpublished]. - - -TO CADIZ FROM HAVANNA, 1855. - -(_From Souvenirs of Travel._) - - "O lovely Spain! renowned, romantic land!" - -Our last day on board, the good Dominga (our waiting-woman) awakened -us long before the dawn, saying, "Come, Señora, go with me on deck and -see the day arise." We did so and were charmed with the beautiful -scene. At first the sky was "deeply, darkly blue," and the stars were -gleaming with a brightness never seen in more northern regions. Slowly -a gauzy veil seemed wafting over them, and along the east sprang up, -as it were, banners of purple and rose-color, and the intense azure of -the heavens melted into a soft gray hue. Soon streaks of golden light -flashed through it, and the glorious sun came forth, converting the -mirror-like ocean into a sea of radiance, burnished and glittering -like myriads of gems. And this was morning upon the Atlantic! - -At mid-day there was a cry of _tierra! tierra!_ (land! land!) which -sent a thrill of joy to many hearts. We had seen none, except the -island of Santa Maria (one of the Azores, near which we passed), since -we left the Antilles. We ran on deck, and in a few moments - - "Fair Cadiz, rising from the dark blue sea," - -was revealed to our longing eyes. Like a great white dove, with -out-spread wings, resting upon the calm waters, appeared the distant -city. Ah! long shall I remember the delight of that first look upon -lovely Cadiz! The day was exquisite; the air fresh and balmy, and the -sea like a smooth inland lake. Gentle spirits seemed hovering around -to welcome us, while a warm glowing pleasure filled our hearts. - -Nearer and nearer we approached, domes, spires, and turrets gradually -rising to view, until the entire outline of the city, with its -snow-white houses and green alamedas, was before us. . . . . . . - -Cadiz is a very ancient city. It was founded by the Phoenicians, -hundreds of years before the building of Rome. Upon the coat-of-arms -of the city is the figure of Hercules, by whom the inhabitants say it -was built. Then came the dominion of the Moors, and afterwards the -Spaniards. When America was discovered, a golden prosperity beamed -upon Cadiz, which was lost as soon as the Spanish Possessions in the -New World proclaimed themselves free. It is strictly a commercial -place, and has now only a population of sixty thousand. The city is -upon a rocky point of land, joined to the peninsula by a narrow -isthmus. The sea surrounds it on three sides, beating against the -walls, and often throwing the spray over the ramparts. On the fourth -side it is protected by a strong wall and bridges over the wide ditch. -At night, they are drawn up, thus isolating the town completely. . . -. . . - -Leaving the bay, we plunged into the long rolling billows of the -Atlantic, and bade - - "Adieu! fair Cadiz, a long adieu!" - -then turning the cape, upon which was once the Phoenician -light-house called "the Rock of the Sun," we came to St. Lucar. There -Magellan fitted out the fleet which first circumnavigated the -globe. . . . We passed the mouth of the Rio Tinto, upon which stands -the convent [La Rabida], where Columbus, an outcast and wanderer, -received charity from the kind prior, who interceded with Isabella and -thus forwarded the plans of the great discoverer. - - - - -LOUISA SUSANNAH M'CORD. - -~1810=1880.~ - - -MRS. M'CORD, daughter of the distinguished statesman, Langdon Cheves -[pron'd Cheeves, in one syllable], was born at Columbia, South -Carolina. She was educated in Philadelphia; and in 1840 she was -married to David James M'Cord, a prominent lawyer of Columbia, at one -time law-partner of Wm. C. Preston. They spent much of their time at -their plantation, "Langsyne," near Fort Motte on the Congaree. - -She was a woman of strong character and of commanding intellect as her -writings show. Speaking of her home life, a contemporary says, "Mrs. -M'Cord herself illustrates her views of female life by her own daily -example. She conducts the hospital on her own large plantation, -attends to the personal wants of the negroes, and on one occasion -perfectly set a fracture of a broken arm. Thoroughly accomplished in -the modern languages of Europe, she employs her leisure in the -education of her children." See under _Wm. C. Preston_. - - -WORKS. - - Caius Gracchus: a Tragedy. - "Sophisms of the Protective Policy," from the French. - My Dreams, [poems]. - Articles in Magazines. - - -WOMAN'S DUTY. - -(_From Enfranchisement of Woman, in "Southern Quarterly Review," -April, 1852._) - -In every error there is its shadow of truth. Error is but truth turned -awry, or looked at through a wrong medium. As the straightest rod -will, in appearance, curve when one half of it is placed under water, -so God's truths, leaning down to earth, are often distorted to our -view. Woman's condition certainly admits of improvement, (but when -have the strong forgotten to oppress the weak?) . . . Here, as in all -other improvements, the good must be brought about by working with, -not against--by seconding, not opposing--Nature's laws. Woman, seeking -as a woman, may raise her position,--seeking as a man, we repeat, she -but degrades it. . . . . . . - -Each can labour, each can strive, lovingly and earnestly, in her own -sphere. "Life is real! Life is earnest!" Not less for her than for -man. She has no right to bury her talent beneath silks or ribands, -frippery or flowers; nor yet has she the right, because she fancies -not her task, to grasp at another's, which is, or which she imagines -is, easier. This is baby play. "Life is real! Life is earnest!" Let -woman so read it--let woman so learn it--and she has no need to make -her influence felt by a stump speech, or a vote at the polls; she has -no need for the exercise of her intellect (and woman, we grant, may -have a great, a longing, a hungering intellect, equal to man's) to be -gratified with a seat in Congress, or a scuffle for the ambiguous -honour of the Presidency. - -Even at her own fire-side, may she find duties enough, cares enough, -troubles enough, thought enough, wisdom enough, to fit a martyr for -the stake, a philosopher for life, or a saint for heaven. - -There are, there have been, and there will be, in every age, great -hero-souls in woman's form, as well as man's. It imports little -whether history notes them. The hero-soul aims at its certain duty, -heroically meeting it, whether glory or shame, worship or contumely, -follow its accomplishment. Laud and merit is due to such performance. -_Fulfill_ thy destiny; _oppose_ it not. Herein lies thy track. Keep -it. Nature's sign-posts are within thee, and it were well for thee to -learn to read them. . . . . - -Many women--even, we grant, the majority of women--throw themselves -away upon follies. So, however, do men; and this, perhaps, as a -necessary consequence, for woman is the mother of the man. Woman has -allowed herself to be, alternately, made the toy and the slave of man; -but this rather through her folly than her nature. Not wholly _her_ -folly, either. _Her_ folly and _man's_ folly have made the vices and -the punishment of both. - -Woman has certainly not her true place, and this place she as -certainly should seek to gain. We have said that every error has its -shadow of truth, and, so far, the [Woman's Rights] conventionists are -right. But, alas! how wide astray are they groping from their goal! -Woman has not her true place, because she--because man--has not yet -learned the full extent and importance of her mission. These -innovators would seek to restore, by driving her entirely from that -mission; as though some unlucky pedestrian, shoved from the security -of the side-walk, should in his consternation seek to remedy matters, -by rushing into the thickest thoroughfare of hoofs and wheels. Woman -will reach the greatest height of which she is capable--the greatest, -perhaps, of which humanity is capable--not by becoming man, but by -becoming, more than ever, woman. By perfecting herself, she perfects -mankind. - - - - -JOSEPH G. BALDWIN. - -~ca. 1811=1864.~ - - -JOSEPH G. BALDWIN was born in Virginia but early removed to Sumter -County, Alabama, and was a jurist and writer of much influence and -popularity in that State. He removed later to California, where in -1857 he became judge of the Supreme Court and in 1863 Chief-Justice of -the State. His writings are mainly clever and humorous sketches of the -bar and of the communities in which he practised. He said the "flush -times" of Alabama did not compare in any degree with those of -California which he described in an article to the "Southern Literary -Messenger." His "Party Leaders" are able papers on Jefferson, -Hamilton, Jackson, Clay, and John Randolph. - - -WORKS. - - Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi. - Party Leaders. - Humorous Legal Sketches. - - -VIRGINIANS IN A NEW COUNTRY. - -(_From Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi, published in "Southern -Literary Messenger."_) - -The disposition to be proud and vain of one's country, and to boast of -it, is a natural feeling; but, with a Virginian, it is a passion. It -inheres in him even as the flavor of a York river oyster in that -bivalve, and no distance of deportation, and no trimmings of a -gracious prosperity, and no pickling in the sharp acids of adversity, -can destroy it. It is a part of the Virginia character--just as the -flavor is a distinctive part of the oyster--"which cannot, save by -annihilating, die." It is no use talking about it--the thing may be -right, or wrong;--like Falstaff's victims at Gadshill, it is past -praying for: it is a sort of cocoa grass that has got into the soil, -and has so matted over it, and so _fibred_ through it, as to have -become a part of it; at least there is no telling which is the grass -and which the soil; and certainly it is useless labor to try to root -it out. You may destroy the soil, but you can't root out the grass. - -Patriotism with the Virginian is a noun personal. It is the Virginian -himself and something over. He loves Virginia _per se_ and _propter -se_: he loves her for herself and for himself--because _she is_ -Virginia, and--everything else beside. He loves to talk about her: out -of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. It makes no odds -where he goes, he carries Virginia with him; not in the entirety -always--but the little spot he comes from is Virginia--as Swedenborg -says the smallest part of the brain is an abridgment of all of it. -"_Coelum non animum mutant qui trans mare currunt_," was made for a -Virginian. He never gets acclimated elsewhere; he never loses -citizenship to the old Home. The right of expatriation is a pure -abstraction to him. He may breathe in Alabama, but he lives in -Virginia. His treasure is there and his heart also. If he looks at the -Delta of the Mississippi, it reminds him of James River "low grounds;" -if he sees the vast prairies of Texas, it is a memorial of the meadows -of the Valley. Richmond is the centre of attraction, the _dépôt_ of -all that is grand, great, good, and glorious. "It is the Kentucky of a -place," which the preacher described Heaven to be to the Kentucky -congregation. - -Those who came many years ago from the borough towns, especially from -the vicinity of Williamsburg, exceed, in attachment to their -birthplace, if possible, the _émigrés_ from the metropolis. It is -refreshing in these coster monger times, to hear them speak of -it;--they remember it when the old burg was the seat of fashion, -taste, refinement, hospitality, wealth, wit, and all social graces: -when genius threw its spell over the public assemblages and illumined -the halls of justice, and when beauty brightened the social hour with -her unmatched and matchless brilliancy. - - - - -ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS. - -~1812=1883.~ - - -ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS was born near Crawfordville, Georgia, and -received an early and excellent education in his father's private -school and at the University of Georgia. The cost of his tuition here -was advanced by some friends, and he repaid it as soon as he began to -earn money. He taught for a year in the family of Dr. Le Conte, father -of the distinguished scientists, John and Joseph Le Conte, now of the -University of California. - -He pursued his law studies alone and passed an unusually brilliant -examination. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1836, and to -Congress in 1843, where he served until 1858. He then retired to -country life at his home, "Liberty Hall." But in 1861 he was elected -Vice-President of the Confederate States. After the war he was made -prisoner and confined for some months at Fort Warren near Boston. He -spent several years in literary work and established a newspaper at -Atlanta, called the "Sun." - -He was of small stature and delicate health, and met with one or two -severe accidents. His career is a wonderful illustration of the power -of the mind over the body. An amusing incident is told of him in -regard to his size. He was attending a political convention in -Charleston as one of the chief delegates; and one evening, with -several other prominent men, he was on the porch of the hotel lying on -a bench, talking with his companions who were standing about him. The -hotel-keeper coming out saw the gentlemen standing, and bustling up, -said, "Get up, my son, and let these gentlemen be seated." Mr. -Stephens at once arose and his friends burst out laughing; they -explained the situation to the hotel-keeper who was profuse in his -apologies. - -An instance of his remarkable bravery is the affair with Judge Cone. -This gentleman considered himself insulted by a remark of Mr. Stephens -and demanded a retraction. After accepting an explanation, he still -insisted on a retraction, and Mr. Stephens refused to make it. Judge -Cone, a tall and powerful man, then drew a knife on him and holding -him down on the floor, cried out, "Retract, or I'll cut you to -pieces." "_Never!_" answered Stephens, "_cut!_" and caught the -descending knife in his right hand. Friends interposed; Judge Cone -apologized, and they afterwards became reconciled. - -Mr. Stephens was elected to the United States Senate, 1874 and 1876: -he was governor of Georgia when he died. See his Life by R. M. -Johnston and W. H. Browne. - - -WORKS. - - War between the States. - School History of the United States. - History of the United States. - Speeches. - - -LAWS OF GOVERNMENT. - -(_From History of the United States._[19]) - -The chief end of all States, or the "_Esprit des Lois_," as -Montesquieu maintains, should be the security to each member of the -community of all "those absolute rights which are vested in them by -the immutable laws of nature." - -Many writers maintain that the individuals upon entering into -society, give up or surrender a portion of their natural rights. This -seems to be a manifest error. No person has any natural right whatever -to hurt or injure another. The object of society and government is to -prevent and redress injuries of this sort; for, in a state of nature, -without a restraining power of government, the strong would viciously -impose upon the weak. - -Another erroneous dogma pretty generally taught is, that the object of -governments should be to confer the greatest benefit upon the greatest -number of its constituent members. The true doctrine is, the object -should be to confer the greatest possible good upon every member, -without any detriment or injury to a single one. - - -SKETCH IN THE SENATE, FEB. 5, 1850. - -(_From Johnston and Browne's Life of Stephens._[20]) - -[Illustration: ~University of Alabama.~] - -Millard Fillmore, occupying the conspicuous seat erected for the -second officer of the Government. . . . His countenance is open and -bland, his chest full. His eye is bright, blue, and intelligent; his -hair thick and slightly gray. His personal appearance is striking; and -no one can look at him without feeling conscious that he is a man far -above the average. On his right, near the aisle leading to the front -door, sits Cass with hands folded in his lap . . . .; his -sleepy-looking eyes occasionally glancing at the galleries, and then -at the crowd pressing in below. Benton sits in his well-known place, -leaning back in his chair, and giving all who desire it a full view of -his person. One vacant seat is seen not far off on the same side of -the House. A vacant seat in such a crowd excites the attention of all. -"Whose seat is that?" goes in whispers around. "It's Calhoun's--not -well enough to be out yet."--"Who is that sitting by Cass?" says -one.--"That is Buchanan,--come all the way from home to hear -Clay."--"What thin-visaged man is that standing over yonder and -constantly moving?"-- . . . "That is Ritchie of the _Union_."--"Who is -that walking down the aisle with that uncouth coat and all that hair -about his chin? Did you ever see such a swaggerer? _He_ can't be a -Senator."--"That is Sam Houston."--"But where is Webster? I don't see -him."--"He is in the Supreme Court, where he has a case to argue -to-day."--See Corwin, and Badger, and Berrien, and Dawson, all near -Clay; all of them quiet while Clay pursues his writing. On the -opposite side, Butler, and Foote, and Clemens, and Douglas. - -After the carriage of the motion of Mr. Mangum to proceed to the -consideration of the order of the day, Mr. Clay folds his papers and -puts them in his desk, and after the business is announced, rises -gracefully and majestically. Instantaneously there is general -applause, which Mr. Clay seems not to notice. The noise within is -heard without, and the great crowd raised such a shout that Mr. Clay -had to pause until the officers went out and cleared all the -entrances, and then he began. He spoke on that day two hours and -fifteen minutes. The speech was reported in the _Globe_ word for word -as he uttered it. I never saw such a report before. His voice was -good, his enunciation clear and distinct, his action firm, his -strength far surpassing my expectation. He had the riveted gaze of the -multitude the whole time. When he concluded, an immense throng of -friends, both men and women came up to congratulate and to _kiss_ him. - -_March 31st._--The Angel of Death has just passed by, and his shadow -is seen lingering upon the startled countenances of all. A great man -has just fallen,--Calhoun! His race is ended. His restless and fiery -spirit sleeps in that deep and long repose which awaits all the -living. He died this morning about seven o'clock. Peace to his ashes! -His name will long be remembered in the history of this country. He -has closed his career at a most eventful period of that history, and -perhaps it is most fortunate for his fame that he died just at this -time. - - -TRUE COURAGE. - -(_From a Speech, 1855._) - -I am afraid of nothing on earth, or above the earth, or under the -earth, but to do wrong. The path of duty I shall endeavor to travel, -fearing no evil, and dreading no consequences. I would rather be -defeated in a good cause than to triumph in a bad one. I would not -give a fig for a man who would shrink from the discharge of duty for -fear of defeat. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[19] By permission of the National Publishing Co., Philadelphia. - -[20] By permission of authors, and publishers, J. B. Lippincott Co., -Philadelphia. - - - - -ALEXANDER BEAUFORT MEEK. - -~1814=1865.~ - - -ALEXANDER BEAUFORT MEEK was born at Columbia, South Carolina, was -educated at the University of Alabama, and began life as a lawyer and -editor in Tuscaloosa, then capital of Alabama. He was a lieutenant in -the Seminole War. He was a judge, a member of the State Legislature -and Speaker of the House, and father of the public school system of -the state. His later years were devoted to literary pursuits and he -stands high as an orator, poet, and historian. - - -WORKS. - - Red Eagle, [a poem]. - Romantic Passages in South-Western History. - History of Alabama, [unfinished]. - Songs and Poems of the South. - Pilgrims of Mt. Vernon, [unfinished poem]. - -The story of the Indian Chief, Red Eagle, or Weatherford, is one of -the most interesting traditions of our country. Judge Meek's writings -teem with the romantic and marvellous incidents of the early history -of Alabama, such as De Soto's march to the Mississippi, the Battle of -Mauville and defeat of the great Indian King, Tuscaloosa, or Black -Warrior, the Canoe-Fight of Dale, or Sam Thlucco, as the Indians -called him ("Big Sam"), and the attack on Fort Mims. - - -RED EAGLE, OR WEATHERFORD. - -(_From Romantic Passages in South-Western History._) - -The battle of Tohopeka put an end to the hopes of Weatherford. This -village was situated on a peninsula, within the "horse-shoe bend" of -the Tallapoosa. Here twelve hundred warriors . . . had fortified -themselves for a desperate struggle, assured by their prophets that -the Master of Breath would now interpose in their favor. Across the -neck of land, three hundred and fifty yards wide, that leads into the -peninsula, they had constructed powerful breastworks of hewn logs, -eight or ten feet high, and pierced with double rows of port-holes, -from which they could fire with perfect security. The selection of -this spot and the character of its defence did great credit to the -military genius of Weatherford,--and his eloquence, more than usually -persuasive and inspiriting, filled his devoted followers with a -courage strangely compounded of fanaticism and despair. - -At an early hour in the morning, General Coffee's command having -crossed the river and encircled the bend so as to cut off all escape, -General Jackson opened his artillery upon the breastworks, and having -but in part demolished them, ordered forward the thirty-ninth regiment -to carry the place by storm. The van was gallantly led by Col. -Williams, Col. Bunch, Lieut.-Col. Benton, and Maj. Montgomery. Amidst -a most destructive fire, they pressed to the breastworks, and -desperately struggled for the command of the port-holes. But Maj. -Montgomery, impatient at the delay, cried out to his men to follow -him, and leaped upon the wall in face of the deadliest fire. For an -instant he waved his sword over his head in triumph, but the next fell -lifeless to the ground, shot through the head by a rifle ball. A more -gallant spirit never achieved a nobler death, and the name of the -young Tennesseean is preserved as a proud designation by one of the -richest counties, as well as by one of the most flourishing cities, in -the State whose soil was baptized by his blood! - -The breastworks having been carried by storm, the Indians fell back -among the trees, brush, and timber of the peninsula, and kept up a -spirited contest. But, in the meantime, a portion of Coffee's command, -and some of the friendly warriors under their distinguished chief, -McIntosh, had swum across the river, fired the village of Tohopeka, -and carried off the canoes of the enemy. The followers of Weatherford -now became desperate, and from the banks, hollows, and other -fastnesses of the place, fought with fury, refusing all offers of -quarter. The fight continued in severity for five hours; and the going -down of the sun was hailed by the survivors as furnishing them some -chance of escape. But the hope was, in the main, deceptive. . . . - -. . . Not more than twenty warriors are believed to have escaped, -under cover of the night. Among these, strange enough, was the -chieftain [Weatherford], whose appellation, "the Murderer of Fort -Mims," had formed the watch-word and war-cry of his enemies in this -very engagement. Favored by the thick darkness, he floated down the -river with his horse, until below the American lines, and then -reaching the shore, made his way in safety to the highlands south of -the Tallapoosa. . . - -Weatherford could not consent to fly from the nation; he felt that he -owed it, as a duty to his people, not to abandon them until peace was -restored. In this state of mind he was apprised that the American -commander had set a price upon his head, and refused peace to the -other chiefs, unless they should bring him either dead, or in -confinement, to the American camp, now at Fort Jackson, near the -junction of the rivers. His determination was at once taken in the -same spirit of heroism that always marked his conduct. Accordingly, -mounting his horse, he made his way across the country, and soon -appeared at the lines of the encampment. At his request, a sentinel -conducted him to the presence of the commander-in-chief, who was -seated in his marquee, in consultation with several of his principal -officers. The stately and noble appearance of the warrior at once -excited the attention and surprise of the General, and he demanded of -the Chief his name and the purpose of his visit. - -In calm and deliberate tones, the chieftain said: "I am Weatherford. I -have come to ask peace for myself and for my people." - -The mild dignity with which these words were uttered, no less than -their import, struck the American commander with surprise. [He hardly -knew what to do; but he allowed some parley and Weatherford made a -speech, ending thus:] "General Jackson, you are a brave man: I am -another. I do not fear to die. But I rely on your generosity. You will -exact no terms of a conquered and helpless people, but those to which -they should accede. . . . You have told us what we may do and be safe. -Yours is a good talk and my nation ought to listen to it. They _shall_ -listen to it!" . . . - -General Jackson acceded to the demands of Weatherford, and assured him -of peace and safety for himself and people. - - - - -PHILIP PENDLETON COOKE. - -~1816=1850.~ - - -PHILIP PENDLETON COOKE, the elder brother of the better known John -Esten Cooke, was born in Martinsburg, Virginia, and spent his short -life happily in his native county, engaged in field sports and in -writing stories and poems for the "Southern Literary Messenger" and -other magazines. His lyric, "Florence Vane," has been very popular and -has been translated into many languages. He was said to be stately and -impressive in manner and a brilliant talker. Philip Pendleton and John -Esten Cooke were first cousins of John Pendleton Kennedy, their -mothers being sisters. - -His death was caused by pneumonia contracted from riding through the -Shenandoah on a hunting trip. - - -WORKS. - - Froissart Ballads and other Poems. - John Carpe. - Gregories of Hackwood. - Crime of Andrew Blair. - Chevalier Merlin [unfinished]. - - -FLORENCE VANE. - - I loved thee long and dearly, - Florence Vane; - My life's bright dream, and early, - Hath come again; - I renew, in my fond vision, - My heart's dear pain, - My hope, and thy derision, - Florence Vane. - - The ruin lone and hoary, - The ruin old, - Where thou didst hark my story, - At even told,-- - That spot--the hues Elysian - Of sky and plain-- - I treasure in my vision, - Florence Vane. - - Thou wast lovelier than the roses - In their prime: - Thy voice excelled the closes - Of sweetest rhyme; - Thy heart was as a river - Without a main. - Would I had loved thee never, - Florence Vane! - - But fairest, coldest wonder! - Thy glorious clay - Lieth the green sod under-- - Alas the day! - And it boots not to remember - Thy disdain-- - To quicken love's pale ember, - Florence Vane. - - The lilies of the valley - By young graves weep, - The pansies love to dally - Where maidens sleep; - May their bloom, in beauty vying, - Never wane, - Where thine earthly part is lying, - Florence Vane! - - - - -[Illustration: ~University of Kentucky (Main Building).~] - - - - -THEODORE O'HARA. - -~1820=1867.~ - - -THEODORE O'HARA, son of an Irish exile, was born in Danville, -Kentucky, and educated at St. Joseph Academy, Bardstown, where he -taught Greek to the younger classes while finishing his senior course. -He read law, was appointed clerk in the Treasury Department at -Washington, 1845, and on the outbreak of the Mexican War entered the -army as a soldier, rising to be captain and major. At the close of the -war, he returned to Washington and practised law. He was afterwards -editor of the "Mobile Register," and of the Frankfort "Yeoman," in -Kentucky, and was employed in diplomatic missions. He was a colonel in -the Confederate Army, and after the war, settled in Georgia. On his -death the Kentucky Legislature passed a resolution to remove his -remains to Frankfort and lay them beside the soldiers whom he had so -well praised in his "Bivouac of the Dead;" and there he rests, the -soldier bard, among the voiceless braves of the Battle of Buena Vista. -This poem was written for the occasion of their interment; and it has -furnished the lines of inscription over the gateways of several -military cemeteries. - - -WORKS. - - Bivouac of the Dead. - The Old Pioneer. - - -THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD. - -(_In Memory of the Kentuckians who fell at the Battle of Buena Vista, -Jan. 28, 1847._) - - The muffled drum's sad roll has beat - The soldier's last tattoo; - No more on Life's parade shall meet - That brave and fallen few. - On Fame's eternal camping-ground - Their silent tents are spread, - And Glory guards, with solemn round, - The bivouac of the dead. - - No rumor of the foe's advance - Now swells upon the wind; - No troubled thought at midnight haunts - Of loved ones left behind; - No vision of the morrow's strife - The warrior's dream alarms; - No braying horn nor screaming fife - At dawn shall call to arms. - - Their shivered swords are red with rust, - Their plumèd heads are bowed; - Their haughty banner, trailed in dust, - Is now their martial shroud. - And plenteous funeral tears have washed - The red stains from each brow, - And the proud forms, by battle gashed, - Are free from anguish now. - - The neighing troop, the flashing blade, - The bugle's stirring blast, - The charge, the dreadful cannonade, - The din and shout, are past; - Nor war's wild note nor glory's peal - Shall thrill with fierce delight - Those breasts that never more may feel - The rapture of the fight. - - . . . . . . . . . - - Full many a norther's breath has swept - O'er Angostura's plain,-- - And long the pitying sky has wept - Above its mouldered slain. - The raven's scream, or eagle's flight, - Or shepherd's pensive lay, - Alone awakes each sullen height - That frowned o'er that dread fray. - - Sons of the Dark and Bloody Ground, - Ye must not slumber there, - Where stranger steps and tongues resound - Along the heedless air. - Your own proud land's heroic soil - Shall be your fitter grave: - She claims from war his richest spoil-- - The ashes of her brave. - - Thus 'neath their parent turf they rest, - Far from the gory field, - Borne to a Spartan mother's breast - On many a bloody shield; - The sunshine of their native sky - Smiles sadly on them, here, - And kindred eyes and hearts watch by - The heroes' sepulchre. - - Rest on, embalmed and sainted dead! - Dear as the blood ye gave; - No impious footstep here shall tread - The herbage of your grave; - Nor shall your glory be forgot - While Fame her record keeps, - Or Honor points the hallowed spot - Where Valor proudly sleeps. - - Yon marble minstrel's voiceless stone - In deathless song shall tell, - When many a vanished age hath flown, - The story how ye fell; - Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's blight, - Nor Time's remorseless doom, - Shall dim one ray of glory's light - That gilds your deathless tomb. - - - - -FOURTH PERIOD ... 1850-1894. - - - - -GEORGE RAINSFORD FAIRBANKS. - -~1820=----.~ - - -GEORGE RAINSFORD FAIRBANKS was born in Watertown, New York, but -settled in Florida at St. Augustine in 1842 and identified himself -with his adopted state. From 1860 to 1880 his home was at Sewanee, -Tennessee, and he has been on the Board of Trustees of the "University -of the South" since 1857. During the war he served as major in the -Confederate army, 1862-65. In 1880 he returned to Florida and has -since made his home in Fernandina. His "History of Florida" is -considered the best history of that state, and is written in a clear -and interesting style. - - -WORKS. - - History of Florida. - History and Antiquities of St. Augustine. - - -OSCEOLA, LEADER OF THE SEMINOLES. - -(_From History of Florida._[21]) - -[Illustration: ~Osceola.~] - -His true Indian name was As-se-se-ha-ho-lar, or Black Drink, but he -was commonly called Osceola, or Powell. He belonged to a Creek tribe -called Red Sticks, and was a half-breed. He removed to Florida with -his mother when a child, and lived near Fort King [three miles east of -Ocala]. At the beginning of the Florida war he was about thirty-one -years of age, of medium size, being about five feet eight inches in -height, resolute and manly in his bearing, with a clear, frank, and -engaging countenance. He was undoubtedly the master-spirit of the war, -and by his firmness and audacity forced the nation into the war which -a large majority were averse to engaging in, and either broke up every -attempt at negotiations or prevented their fulfillment. He was to have -been one of the leaders at Dade's massacre, but was detained at Fort -King by his determination to gratify his revenge upon General -Thompson. He participated in the battles at the ford of the -Withlacoochee and Camp Izard, and led the attack upon Micanopy, where, -with his force of less than two hundred and fifty men, within sight of -the fort, he attacked upwards of one hundred regular troops in an open -field, supported by a field-piece. - -His capture, [October, 1837], by General Hernandez was due to his -audacity and self-confidence. Bad faith, and a disregard of the usages -of civilization, have been imputed to General Jesup on this occasion, -Osceola having come in under a white flag to negotiate; but that -officer contended that Osceola had broken his faith in reference to -the Fort Dade capitulation [when he had promised to emigrate] and was -to be treated as a prisoner. - -From all that can be gathered of his character, Osceola was possessed -of nobler traits than usually belong to his race. His manners were -dignified and courteous, and upon the field he showed himself a brave -and cautious leader. It is said that he instructed his people in their -predatory excursions to spare the women and children. "It is not," -said he, "upon them that we make war and draw the scalping-knife. It -is upon men. Let us act like men." - -Osceola has furnished to the poet, to the novelist, and to the lover -of romance, a most attractive subject, and scarce any limit has been -placed to the virtues attributed or the exploits imagined in -connection with this renowned chief of the Seminoles. A poet has sung -of him,-- - - "His features are clothed with a warrior's pride, - And he moves with a monarch's tread; - He smiles with joy, as the flash of steel - Through the Everglades' grass is seen." - -Upon his removal to Charleston, he became dejected and low-spirited, -and gradually pined away. All efforts to interest him in a Western -home failed to arouse him, and in a few weeks he died of a broken -heart, and was buried just outside of the principal gateway of Fort -Moultrie, where his resting-place is inclosed and a monument erected. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[21] By permission of the author. - - - - -RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON. - -~1822=----.~ - - -RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON was born in Hancock County, Georgia. He was -professor of Literature in the University of Georgia, 1857-1861. He -served, as colonel, in the Confederate army, and has since had a -school for boys at Sparta, Georgia, and later near Baltimore. - -In connection with Prof. William Hand Browne of Johns Hopkins, he has -published a "History of English Literature" and a "Life of Alexander -H. Stephens." His tales describe life among the Georgia "Crackers" and -they have many readers and admirers. His style has the stamp of simple -truth and is irresistible. See _Sketch_ in Miss Rutherford's "American -Authors." - - -WORKS. - - Dukesborough Tales. - Old Mark Langston. - Two Gray Tourists. - Collection of Stories. - Mr. Absalom Billingslea and other Georgia Folks. - Widow Guthrie. - History of English Literature; - Life of Alex. H. Stephens: (both with Prof. W. H. Browne.) - Ogeechee Cross-Firings. - Mr. Bill Williams. - Primes and their neighbors. - Pearce Amerson's Will. - -The following extract is a true story of an old gentleman who was -Alexander H. Stephens' first client. - - -MR. HEZEKIAH ELLINGTON'S RECOVERY. - -(_From Life of Alexander H. Stephens._[22]) - -The old gentleman was brought very low with malarious fever, and his -physician and family had made up their minds, that, notwithstanding -his extreme reluctance to depart from this life,--a reluctance -heightened no doubt by his want of preparation for a better,--he would -be compelled to go. The system of therapeutics in vogue at that time -and in that section included immense quantities of calomel, and -rigorously excluded cold water. Mr. Ellington lingered and lingered, -and went without water so long and to such an extent that it seemed to -him he might as well die of the disease as of the intolerable thirst -that tormented him. . . . . . . . - -At last, one night, when his physicians, deeming his case hopeless, -had taken their departure, informing his family that he could hardly -live till morning, and the latter, worn down by watching, were -compelled to take a little rest, he was left to the care of his -constant and faithful servant, Shadrach, with strict and solemn charge -to notify them if any change took place in his master's condition, -and, above all, under no circumstances to give him cold water. - -When the rest were all asleep, Mr. Ellington, always astute and -adroit in gaining his ends, and whose faculties at present were highly -stimulated by his extreme necessity, called out to his attendant in a -feeble voice, which he strove to make as natural and unsuggestive as -possible,-- - -"Shadrach, go to the spring and fetch me a pitcher of water from the -bottom." - -Shadrach expostulated, pleading the orders of the doctor and his -mistress. - -"You Shadrach, you had better do what I tell you, sir." - -Shadrach still held by his orders. - -"Shadrach, if you don't bring me the water, when I get well I'll give -you the worst whipping you ever had in your life!" - -Shadrach either thought that if his master got well he would cherish -no rancor towards the faithful servant whose constancy had saved him, -or, more likely, that the prospect of recovery was far too remote to -justify any serious apprehension for his present disobedience; at all -events, he held firm. The sick man, finding this mode of attack -ineffectual, paused awhile, and then said, in the most persuasive -accents he could employ, - -"Shadrach, my boy, you are a good nigger, Shadrach. If you'll go now -and fetch old master a pitcher of nice cool water, I'll set you free -and give you _Five Hundred Dollars_!" And he dragged the syllables -slowly and heavily from his dry jaws, as if to make the sum appear -immeasurably vast. - -But Shadrach was proof against even this temptation. He only admitted -its force by arguing the case, urging that how could he stand it, and -what good would his freedom and five hundred dollars do him, if he -should do a thing that would kill his old master? - -The old gentleman groaned and moaned. At last he bethought him of one -final stratagem. He raised his head as well as he could, turned his -haggard face full upon Shadrach, and glaring at him from his hollow -blood-shot eyes, said, - -"Shadrach, I am going to die, and it's because I can't get any water. -If you don't go and bring me a pitcher of water, after I'm dead I'll -come back and HAUNT you! I'll HAUNT you as long as you live!" - -"Oh Lordy! Master! You shall hab de water!" cried Shadrach; and he -rushed out to the spring and brought it. The old man drank and -drank,--the pitcherful and more. The next morning he was decidedly -better, and to the astonishment of all, soon got well. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[22] By permission of authors, and publishers, J. B. Lippincott Co., -Philadelphia. - - - - -JOHN REUBEN THOMPSON. - -~1823=1873.~ - - -JOHN REUBEN THOMPSON was born at Richmond, and educated at the -University of Virginia. He studied law, but practised little, and in -1847 became editor of the "Southern Literary Messenger." This position -he filled with great success for twelve years and he exerted a fine -influence on the literary taste and effort of his times. In this -magazine first appeared the writings of Donald G. Mitchell ("Dream -Life" and "Reveries of a Bachelor"), the early pieces of John Esten -Cooke, Philip Pendleton Cooke, Paul Hamilton Hayne, Henry Timrod, and -others. - -His delicate health induced him to resign his place in 1859 and to go -farther south to Augusta, Georgia, as editor of the "Southern Field -and Fireside." In 1863 he travelled in Europe and his descriptive -letters are very bright and interesting. He later became literary -editor of the "Evening Post," N. Y.; in 1872 he went to Colorado in -one last but vain effort to restore his health. He died in 1873 and is -buried in Hollywood Cemetery at Richmond. - -His writings, consisting of poems, letters, sketches, and editorials, -are found mainly in the "Southern Literary Messenger" and "The Land We -Love." - - -ASHBY. - - To the brave all homage render, - Weep, ye skies of June! - With a radiance pure and tender, - Shine, oh saddened moon! - "Dead upon the field of glory," - Hero fit for song and story, - Lies our bold dragoon. - - Well they learned, whose hands have slain him, - Braver, knightlier foe - Never fought with Moor nor Paynim, - Rode at Templestowe; - With a mien how high and joyous, - 'Gainst the hordes that would destroy us - Went he forth we know. - - Never more, alas! shall sabre - Gleam around his crest; - Fought his fight; fulfilled his labour; - Stilled his manly breast. - All unheard sweet Nature's cadence, - Trump of fame and voice of maidens, - Now he takes his rest. - - Earth that all too soon hath bound him, - Gently wrap his clay; - Linger lovingly around him, - Light of dying day; - Softly fall the summer showers, - Birds and bees among the flowers - Make the gloom seem gay. - - There, throughout the coming ages, - When his sword is rust, - And his deeds in classic pages, - Mindful of her trust, - Shall Virginia, bending lowly, - Still a ceaseless vigil holy - Keep above his dust! - - -MUSIC IN CAMP. - - Two armies covered hill and plain, - Where Rappahannock's waters - Ran deeply crimsoned with the stain - Of battle's recent slaughters. - - The summer clouds lay pitched like tents - In meads of heavenly azure; - And each dread gun of the elements - Slept in its hid embrasure. - - The breeze so softly blew, it made - No forest leaf to quiver, - And the smoke of the random cannonade - Rolled slowly from the river. - - And now, where circling hills looked down - With cannon grimly planted, - O'er listless camp and silent town - The golden sunset slanted. - - When on the fervid air there came - A strain--now rich, now tender; - The music seemed itself aflame - With day's departing splendor. - - A Federal band, which, eve and morn, - Played measures brave and nimble, - Had just struck up, with flute and horn - And lively clash of cymbal. - - Down flocked the soldiers to the banks, - Till, margined by its pebbles, - One wooded shore was blue with "Yanks," - And one was gray with "Rebels." - - Then all was still, and then the band, - With movement light and tricksy, - Made stream and forest, hill and strand - Reverberate with "Dixie." - - The conscious stream with burnished glow - Went proudly o'er its pebbles, - But thrilled throughout its deepest flow - With yelling of the Rebels. - - Again a pause, and then again - The trumpets pealed sonorous, - And "Yankee Doodle" was the strain - To which the shore gave chorus. - - The laughing ripple shoreward flew, - To kiss the shining pebbles; - Loud shrieked the swarming Boys in Blue - Defiance to the Rebels. - - And yet once more the bugles sang - Above the stormy riot; - No shout upon the evening rang-- - There reigned a holy quiet. - - The sad, slow stream its noiseless flood - Poured o'er the glistening pebbles; - All silent now the Yankees stood, - And silent stood the Rebels. - - No unresponsive soul had heard - That plaintive note's appealing, - So deeply "Home Sweet Home" had stirred - The hidden founts of feeling. - - Or Blue, or Gray, the soldier sees - As by the wand of fairy, - The cottage 'neath the live-oak trees, - The cabin by the prairie. - - Or cold, or warm, his native skies - Bend in their beauty o'er him; - Seen through the tear-mist in his eyes, - His loved ones stand before him. - - As fades the iris after rain - In April's tearful weather, - The vision vanished, as the strain - And daylight died together. - - But memory, waked by music's art, - Expressed in simplest numbers, - Subdued the sternest Yankee's heart, - Made light the Rebel's slumbers. - - And fair the form of music shines, - That bright celestial creature, - Who still, 'mid war's embattled lines, - Gave this one touch of Nature. - - - - -JABEZ LAMAR MONROE CURRY. - -~1825=----.~ - - -DR. CURRY was born in Georgia, but his father removed to Alabama in -1838, and he was reared in that State. After graduation at the -University of Georgia and at the Harvard Law School, he began the -practice of law in Talladega County, Alabama. He served in the State -Legislature and in Congress, and in 1861 entered the Confederate Army. - -After the war he was ordained to the Baptist ministry and became -president of Howard College, Alabama, and later, professor of English, -Philosophy, and Law, in Richmond College, Virginia, which latter -position he filled for thirteen years. From 1881 to 1885 he was agent -of the Peabody Educational Fund; in 1885 he was appointed minister to -Spain, and on his return to America resumed the agency of the Fund. -His wise administration and his well-directed efforts have done much -to further the cause of education; and his ability and effectiveness -as a speaker and writer have given him national fame. - - -WORKS. - - Constitutional History of Spain. - Gladstone. - Southern States of the American Union [just issued, 1895]. - - -RELATIONS BETWEEN ENGLAND AND AMERICA. - -(_From Gladstone._[23]) - -By his frank utterances, expressive of his admiration of the people -and the institutions of the United States, he has provoked adverse -criticism from a portion of the English press. He thinks the Senate of -the United States "the most remarkable of all the inventions of modern -politics," and the American constitution "the most wonderful work ever -struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of man," and that -"its exemption from formal change, has certainly proved the sagacity -of its constructors and the stubborn strength of the fabric." - -In the same essay--_Kin Beyond Sea_--speaking of our future, he says, -"She will probably become what we are now, the head servant in the -great household of the world, the employer of all employed; because -her service will be the most and the ablest." In 1856, when the -relations between Great Britain and the United States became -considerably strained, in an able speech may be found this sentence: -"It appears to me that the two cardinal aims that we ought to keep in -view in the discussion of this question are peace and a thoroughly -cordial understanding with America for one, the honor and fame of -England for the other." - -In 1884, he wrote: "The convulsion of that country between 1861 and -1865 was perhaps the most frightful which ever assailed a national -existence. The efforts which were made on both sides were marked. The -exertions by which alone the movement was put down were not only -extraordinary, they were what antecedently would have been called -impossible; and they were only rendered possible by the fact that they -proceeded from a nation where every capable citizen was enfranchised -and had a direct and an energetic interest in the well-being and unity -of the State." "No hardier republicanism was generated in New England -than in the slave States of the South, which produced so many of the -great statesmen of America." - -In a conversation with Mr. Gladstone in 1887, he referred to the -enormous power and responsibilities of the United States, and -suggested that a desideratum was a new unity between our two -countries. We had that of race and language, but we needed a moral -unity of English-speaking people for the success of freedom. - -The English or Anglo-Saxon race is essentially the same in its more -distinguishing characteristics. Unity of language creates unity of -thought, of literature, and largely unity of civilization and of -institutions. It facilitates social and commercial intercourse, and -must produce still more marked political phenomena. We profit -naturally by inventions, by discoveries, by constitutional struggles, -by civil and religious achievements, by lessons of traditions, by -landmarks of usage and prescription. Magna Charta, Petition of Right, -Habeas Corpus, what O'Connell even called the "glorious Revolution of -1688," are as much American as English. - -England claims to have originated the representative system six -hundred years ago. Our ancestors brought to this soil, "singularly -suited for their growth, all that was democratic in the policy of -England and all that was Protestant in her religion." Our revolution, -like that of 1688, was in the main a vindication of liberties -inherited. In freedom of religion, in local self-government, and -somewhat in state autonomy, our forefathers constructed for -themselves; but nearly all the personal guarantees, of which we so -much boast on our national anniversaries, were borrowed from the -mother country. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[23] By permission of B. F. Johnson and Co., Richmond, Va. - - - - -MARGARET JUNKIN PRESTON. - -~1825=----.~ - - -MRS. PRESTON is a native of Philadelphia, the daughter of Dr. George -Junkin who in 1848 removed to Lexington, Virginia, as president of the -Washington College, and remained there till 1861. She was married in -1857 to Prof. J. T. L. Preston of the Virginia Military Institute, her -sister Eleanor being the wife of Colonel T. J. Jackson of the same -institution. - -She identified herself with the South, and her "Beechenbrook: a Rhyme -of the War" contains the poems, "Stonewall Jackson's Grave" and "Slain -in Battle." Her later writings are mostly short poems, many of them -religious, articles for magazines, and sketches of travel, all of -which breathe forth a sweet and wise influence. - - -WORKS. - - Silverwood, [novel]. - Old Songs and New. - For Love's Sake. - Book of Monograms, [travels]. - Beechenbrook: a Rhyme of the War. - Cartoons, [poems]. - _Translated_ Dies Irae. - Tales and articles for papers [uncollected]. - - -THE SHADE OF THE TREES. - -(On the death of Stonewall Jackson, 1863, his last words being, "Let -us pass over the river and rest under the shade of the trees.") - -(_From Cartoons._[24]) - -[Illustration: ~Natural Bridge, Virginia.~] - - What are the thoughts that are stirring his breast? - What is the mystical vision he sees? - "_Let us pass over the river and rest - Under the shade of the trees._" - - Has he grown sick of his toils and his tasks? - Sighs the worn spirit for respite or ease? - Is it a moment's cool halt that he asks - Under the shade of the trees? - - Is it the gurgle of waters whose flow - Ofttime has come to him borne on the breeze, - Memory listens to, lapsing so low, - Under the shade of the trees? - - Nay--though the rasp of the flesh was so sore, - Faith, that had yearnings far keener than these, - Saw the soft sheen of the Thitherward Shore, - Under the shade of the trees;-- - - Caught the high psalms of ecstatic delight,-- - Heard the harps harping, like soundings of seas,-- - Watched earth's assoilèd ones walking in white - Under the shade of the trees. - - O, was it strange he should pine for release, - Touched to the soul with such transports as these,-- - He who so needed the balsam of peace, - Under the shade of the trees? - - Yea, it was noblest for _him_--it was best, - (Questioning naught of our Father's decrees,) - _There_ to pass over the river and rest - Under the shade of the trees! - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[24] By permission of author, and publishers, Roberts Brothers, -Boston. - - - - -CHARLES HENRY SMITH. - -"BILL ARP." - -~1826=----.~ - - -CHARLES HENRY SMITH, or "Bill Arp," the "Country Philosopher," was -born in Lawrenceville, Georgia, and has made a wide reputation by his -humorous letters in the Atlanta "Constitution." He served in the -Confederate Army as colonel. Since the war, he has served his country -still by giving some very sound and good advice in his "Country -Philosopher" articles, seasoned with much humor; and his sketches of -Georgian life are valuable. - - -WORKS. - - Bill Arp's Letters. - Articles in Atlanta "Constitution." - Fireside Sketches. - Bill Arp's Scrap-Book. - - -BIG JOHN, ON THE CHEROKEES. - -(_From Fireside Sketches._[25]) - -Big John had had a little war experience--that is, he had volunteered -in a company to assist in the forcible removal of the Cherokees to the -far west in 1835. It was said that he was no belligerent then, but -wanted to see the maiden that he loved a safe transit, and so he -escorted the old chief and his clan as far as Tuscumbia, and then -broke down and returned to Ross Landing on the Tennessee River. He was -too heavy to march, and when he arrived at the Landing, a prisoner was -put in his charge for safe keeping. Ross Landing is Chattanooga now, -and John Ross lived there, and was one of the chiefs of the Cherokees. -The prisoner was his guest, and his name was John Howard Payne. He was -suspected of trying to instigate the Cherokees to revolt and fight, -and not leave their beautiful forest homes on the Tennessee and Coosa -and Oostanaula and the Etowah and Connasauga rivers. He brought Payne -back as far as New Echota, or New Town, as it was called, an Indian -settlement on the Coosawattee, a few miles east of Calhoun, as now -known. There he kept the author of "Home, Sweet Home" under guard, or -on his parole of honor, for three weeks, and night after night slept -with him in his tent, and listened to his music upon the violin, and -heard him sing his own sad songs until orders came for his discharge, -and Payne was sent under escort to Washington. - -Many a time I have heard Big John recite his sad adventures. "It was a -most distressive business," said he. "Them Injuns was heart-broken; I -always knowd an Injun loved his hunting-ground and his rivers, but I -never knowd how much they loved 'em before. You know they killed Ridge -for consentin' to the treaty. They killed him on the first day's march -and they wouldent bury him. We soldiers had to stop and dig a grave -and put him away. John Ross and John Ridge were the sons of two -Scotchmen, who came over here when they were young men and mixed up -with these tribes and got their good will. These two boys were -splendid looking men, tall and handsome, with long auburn hair, and -they were active and strong, and could shoot a bow equal to the best -bowman of the tribe, and they beat 'em all to pieces on the cross-bow. -They married the daughters of the old chiefs, and when the old chiefs -died they just fell into line and succeeded to the old chiefs' places, -and the tribes liked 'em mighty well, for they were good men and made -good chiefs. Well, you see Ross dident like the treaty. He said it -wasent fair and that the price of the territory was too low, and the -fact is he dident want to go at all. There are the ruins of his old -home now over there in De Soto, close to Rome, and I tell you he was a -king. His word was the law of the Injun nations, and he had their love -and their respect. His half-breed children were the purtiest things I -ever saw in my life. Well, Ridge lived up the Oostanaula River about a -mile, and he was a good man, too. Ross and Ridge always consulted -about everything for the good of the tribes, but Ridge was a more -milder man than Ross, and was more easily persuaded to sign the treaty -that gave the lands to the State and to take other lands away out to -the Mississippi. - -"Well, it took us a month to get 'em all together and begin the March -to the Mississippi, and they wouldn't march then. The women would go -out of line and set down in the woods and go to grieving; and you may -believe it or not, but I'll tell you what is a fact, we started with -14,000, and 4,000 of 'em died before we got to Tuscumbia. They died on -the side of the road; they died of broken hearts; they died of -starvation, for they wouldent eat a thing; they just died all along -the way. We didn't make more than five miles a day on the march, and -my company didn't do much but dig graves and bury Injuns all the way -to Tuscumbia. They died of grief and broken hearts, and no mistake. An -Injun's heart is tender, and his love is strong; it's his nature. I'd -rather risk an Injun for a true friend than a white man. He is the -best friend in the world and the worst enemy." - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[25] By permission of the author. - - - - -ST. GEORGE H. TUCKER. - -~1828=1863.~ - - -ST. GEORGE H. TUCKER, grandson of Judge St. George Tucker, was born -at Winchester, Virginia. He was clerk of the Virginia Legislature: -and in 1861 he entered the Confederate service and rose to be -Lieutenant-Colonel. He died from exposure in the Seven Days' Battles -around Richmond, 1862. - -His "Hansford" is considered one of the best of historical romances -and gives a vivid picture of Virginia in the seventeenth century under -Governor Berkeley. - - -WORKS. - - Hansford, A Tale of Bacon's Rebellion. - The Southern Crop. - - -BURNING OF JAMESTOWN IN 1676. - -(_From Hansford._) - -Scarcely had Berkeley and his adherents departed on their flight from -Jamestown, when some of the disaffected citizens of the town, seeing -the lights in the palace so suddenly extinguished, shrewdly suspected -their design. Without staying to ascertain the truth of their -suspicions, they hastened with the intelligence to General Bacon, and -threw open the gates to the insurgents. Highly elated with the easy -victory they had gained over the loyalists, the triumphant patriots -forgetting their fatigue and hunger, marched into the city, amid the -loud acclamations of the fickle populace. But to the surprise of all -there was still a gloom resting upon Bacon and his officers. That -cautious and far-seeing man saw at a glance, that although he had -gained an immense advantage over the royalists, in the capture of the -metropolis, it was impossible to retain it in possession long. As soon -as his army was dispersed, or engaged in another quarter of the -colony, it would be easy for Berkeley, with the navy under his -command, to return to the place, and erect once more the fallen -standard of loyalty. - -While then, the soldiery were exulting rapturously over their triumph, -Bacon, surrounded by his officers, was gravely considering the best -policy to pursue. - -"My little army is too small," he said, "to leave a garrison here, and -so long as they remain thus organized peace will be banished from the -colony; and yet I cannot leave the town to become again the harbour of -these treacherous loyalists." - -"I can suggest no policy that is fit to pursue, in such an emergency," -said Hansford, "except to retain possession of the town, at least -until the Governor is fairly in Accomac again." - -"That, at best," said Bacon, "will only be a dilatory proceeding, for -sooner or later, whenever the army is disbanded, the stubborn old -governor will return and force us to continue the war. And besides I -doubt whether we could maintain the place with Brent besieging us in -front, and the whole naval force of Virginia, under the command of -such expert seamen as Gardiner and Larimore, attacking us from the -river. No, no, the only way to untie the Gordian knot is to cut it, -and the only way to extricate ourselves from this difficulty is to -burn the town." - -This policy, extreme as it was, in the necessities of their condition -was received with a murmur of assent. Lawrence and Drummond, devoted -patriots, and two of the wealthiest and most enterprising citizens of -the town, evinced their willingness to sacrifice their private means -to secure the public good, by firing their own houses. Emulating an -example so noble and disinterested, other citizens followed in their -wake. The soldiers, ever ready for excitement, joined in the fatal -work. A stiff breeze springing up favored their designs, and soon the -devoted town was enveloped in the greedy flames. - -From the deck of the _Adam and Eve_, the loyalists witnessed the -stern, uncompromising resolution of the rebels. The sun was just -rising, and his broad, red disc was met in his morning glory with -flames as bright and as intense as his own. The Palace, the State -House, the large Garter Tavern, the long line of stores, and the -Warehouse, all in succession were consumed. The old Church, the proud -old Church, where their fathers had worshipped, was the last to meet -its fate. The fire seemed unwilling to attack its sacred walls, but it -was to fall with the rest; and as the broad sails of the gay vessel -were spread to the morning breeze, which swelled them, that devoted -old Church was seen in its raiment of fire, like some old martyr, -hugging the flames which consumed it, and pointing with its tapering -steeple to an avenging Heaven. - - - - -GEORGE WILLIAM BAGBY. - -~1828=1883.~ - - -DR. BAGBY was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, and educated at -Edge Hill, New Jersey, and the University of Pennsylvania. He took his -degree in the study of medicine, and made his residence in Richmond. -He was correspondent for several papers, wrote some very witty letters -under the pen-name of "Mozis Addums," and made a reputation as a -humorous lecturer. From 1859 to 1862 he was editor of the "Southern -Literary Messenger," ably succeeding John R. Thompson in that -position: and from 1870 to 1878 he was State Librarian of Virginia. - -His writings are not only witty but wise as well, and give many -interesting aspects of Southern life and manners. A selection from -them has been published by Mrs. Bagby, under the title "Writings of -Dr. Bagby" (1884-6). Among them are: My Uncle Flatback's Plantation, -Meekins's Twinses, Jud. Brownin's Account of Rubinstein's Playing, -Bacon and Greens, or the True Virginian, What I Did with my Fifty -Millions, [a sort of Utopian Prophecy.] - - -JUD. BROWNIN'S ACCOUNT OF RUBINSTEIN'S PLAYING. - -"When he first sot down he 'peared to keer mighty little 'bout -playin', and wished he hadn't come. He tweedle-leedled a little on the -trible, and twoodle-oodle-oodled some on the bass--just foolin' and -boxin' the thing's jaws for bein' in his way. And I says to a man -settin' next to me, s'I, 'What sort of fool playin' is that?' And he -says, 'Heish!' But presently his hands commenced chasin' one 'nother -up and down the keys, like a passel of rats scamperin' through a -garret very swift. Parts of it was sweet, though, and reminded me of a -sugar squirrel turnin' the wheel of a candy cage. 'Now,' I says to my -neighbor, 'he's showing' off. He thinks he's a-doin' of it; but he -ain't got no idee, no plan of nuthin'. If he'd play me up a tune of -some kind or other, I'd'-- - -"But my neighbor says, 'Heish!' very impatient. - -"I was just about to git up and go home, bein' tired of that -foolishness, when I heard a little bird wakin' up away off in the -woods, and callin' sleepy-like to his mate, and I looked up and I see -that Ruben was beginnin' to take interest in his business, and I set -down agin. It was the peep of day. The light come faint from the east, -the breeze blowed gentle and fresh, some more birds waked up in the -orchard, then some more in the trees near the house, and all begun -singin' together. People begun to stir, and the gal opened the -shutters. Just then the first beam of the sun fell upon the blossoms; -a leetle more and it techt the roses on the bushes, and the next thing -it was broad day; the sun fairly blazed; the birds sang like they'd -split their little throats; all the leaves was movin', and flashin' -diamonds of dew, and the whole wide world was bright and happy as a -king. Seemed to me like there was a good breakfast in every house in -the land, and not a sick child or woman anywhere. It was a fine -mornin'. - -"And I says to my neighbor, 'that's music, that is.' - -"But he glared at me like he'd like to cut my throat. - -"Presently the wind turned; it begun to thicken up, and a kind of gray -mist come over things; I got low-spirited d'rectly. Then a silver rain -began to fall; I could see the drops touch the ground; some flashed -up like long pearl ear-rings; and the rest rolled away like round -rubies. It was pretty, but melancholy. Then the pearls gathered -themselves into long strands and necklaces, and then they melted into -thin silver streams running between golden gravels, and then the -streams joined each other at the bottom of the hill, and made a brook -that flowed silent except that you could kinder see the music -specially when the bushes on the banks moved as the music went along -down the valley. I could smell the flowers in the meadows. But the sun -didn't shine, nor the birds sing; it was a foggy day, but not cold. -Then the sun went down, it got dark, the wind moaned and wept like a -lost child for its dead mother, and I could a-got up then and there -and preached a better sermon than any I ever listened to. There wasn't -a thing in the world left to live for, not a blame thing, and yet I -didn't want the music to stop one bit. It was happier to be miserable -than to be happy without being miserable. I couldn't understand -it. . . . . . . Then, all of a sudden, old Ruben changed his tune. He -ripped and he rar'd, he tipped and he tar'd, he pranced and he charged -like the grand entry at a circus. 'Peared to me like all the gas in -the house was turned on at once, things got so bright, and I hilt up -my head, ready to look any man in the face, and not afeared of -nothin'. It was a circus, and a brass band, and a big ball, all goin' -on at the same time. He lit into them keys like a thousand of brick, -he gave 'em no rest, day nor night; he set every living joint in me -agoin', and not bein' able to stand it no longer, I jumpt spang onto -my seat, and jest hollered: - -"'_Go it, my Rube!_' - -"Every blamed man, woman, and child in the house riz on me, and -shouted 'Put him out! Put him out!' - -"With that some several p'licemen run up, and I had to simmer down. -But I would a fit any fool that laid hands on me, for I was bound to -hear Ruby out or die. - -"He had changed his tune agin. He hopt-light ladies and tip-toed fine -from eend to eend of the key-board. He played soft, and low, and -solemn. I heard the church bells over the hills. The candles in heaven -was lit, one by one. I saw the stars rise. The great organ of eternity -began to play from the world's end to the world's end, and all the -angels went to prayers. Then the music changed to water, full of -feeling that couldn't be thought, and began to drop--drip, drop, drip, -drop--clear and sweet, like tears of joy fallin' into a lake of glory. - -"He stopt a minute or two, to fetch breath. Then he got mad. He run -his fingers through his hair, he shoved up his sleeves, he opened -his coat-tails a leetle further, he drug up his stool, he leaned -over, and, sir, he just went for that old pianner. He slapt her -face, he boxed her jaws, he pulled her nose, he pinched her ears, -and he scratched her cheeks, till she farly yelled. He knockt her -down and he stompt on her shameful. She bellowed like a bull, she -bleated like a calf, she howled like a hound, she squealed like a -pig, she shrieked like a rat, and then he wouldn't let her up. He -run a quarter-stretch down the low grounds of the bass, till he got -clean into the bowels of the earth, and you heard thunder galloping -after thunder, through the hollows and caves of perdition; and then -he fox-chased his right hand with his left till he got away out of -the trible into the clouds, whar the notes was finer than the pints -of cambric needles, and you couldn't hear nothin' but the shadders -of 'em. And then he wouldn't let the old pianner go. He fetchet up -his right wing, he fetcht up his left wing, he fetcht up his center, -he fetcht up his reserves. He fired by file, he fired by platoons, -by company, by regiments, and by brigades. He opened his cannon, -siege-guns down thar, Napoleons here, twelve-pounders yonder, big -guns, little guns, middle-sized guns, round shot, shell, shrapnel, -grape, canister, mortars, mines, and magazines, every livin' battery -and bomb a goin' at the same time. The house trembled, the lights -danced, the walls shuk, the floor come up, the ceilin' come down, -the sky split, the ground rockt--BANG! With that _bang!_ he lifted -hisself bodily into the ar', and he come down with his knees, his -ten fingers, his ten toes, his elbows, and his nose, strikin' every -single solitary key on that pianner at the same time. The thing -busted and went off into seventeen hundred and fifty-seven thousand -five hundred and forty-two hemi-demi-semi-quivers, and I know'd no -mo'." - - - - -SARAH ANNE DORSEY. - -~1829=1879.~ - - -MRS. DORSEY, daughter of Thomas G. P. Ellis, was born at Natchez, -Mississippi, and was a niece of Mrs. Catherine Warfield who left to -her many of her unpublished manuscripts. She was finely educated and -travelled extensively. In 1853 she was married to Mr. Samuel W. Dorsey -of Tensas Parish, Louisiana. Here she found scope for her energies in -the duties of plantation life. She established a chapel and school for -the slaves, and her account of the success of her plans gained her the -title of "Filia Ecclesiae" from the "Churchman." She afterwards used -"Filia" as a pen-name. - -[Illustration: ~University of Mississippi, University P. O., Miss.~] - -Their home being destroyed during the war in a skirmish which took -place in their garden, and in which several men were killed, Mr. and -Mrs. Dorsey removed to Texas. They afterwards returned to Louisiana; -and in 1875, upon the death of Mr. Dorsey, Mrs. Dorsey made her home -at "Beauvoir," her place in Mississippi. Here she spent her time in -writing, and also acted as amanuensis to Jefferson Davis in his great -work, "Rise and Fall of the Confederacy." At her death, which occurred -at New Orleans, whither she had gone for treatment, she left -"Beauvoir" by will to Mr. Davis and his daughter Winnie. - -Her "Life of Allen" is of great historical and biographical merit. - - -WORKS. - - Recollections of Henry Watkins Allen, of Louisiana. - Lucia Dare, [novel]. - Atalie, or a Southern Villeggiatura. - Agnes Graham, [novel]. - Panola, a Tale of Louisiana. - - -A CONFEDERATE EXILE ON HIS WAY TO MEXICO, 1866. - -(_From Recollections of Henry W. Allen, Ex-Gov. of Louisiana._[26]) - -The people wept over Allen's departure. They followed him with tears -and blessings, and would have forced on him more substantial tokens of -regard than words of regret. They knew he had no money--his noble -estates had long been in possession of the enemy; hundreds of -hogsheads of sugar had been carried off from his plundered -sugar-houses; his house was burned, his plantation, a wide waste of -fallow-fields, grown up in weeds. He had nothing but Confederate and -State money. One gentleman begged him to accept $5,000, in gold, _as a -loan_, since he refused it as a gift. Allen accepted five hundred. -With this small amount, his ambulance and riding-horses, he started to -Mexico. His journey through Texas was a complete ovation, instead of a -hegira. Everybody, rich and poor, vied with each other in offering -him attention and the most eager hospitality. The roof was deemed -honored that sheltered his head for the night. He stopped at Crockett, -to say "goodbye." - -. . . . . . . - -This conversation occurred whilst we were returning from a visit to -Gov. Moore's family. I had driven over to their cottage in a buggy, to -invite them to join us at dinner. Allen had accompanied me. . . . -These exiles were personal friends of mine. I suffered in parting with -them: for some I suffer still--for those who are still absent and -still living! Everything was very quiet and still, nothing audible but -the low murmur of our voices, when suddenly arose from the prairie -beyond us, one of the beautiful, plaintive, cattle or "salt" songs of -Texas. These wild simple melodies had a great attraction for me. I -would often check my horse on the prairies, and keep him motionless -for a half-hour, listening to these sweet, melancholy strains. Like -all cattle-calls, they are chiefly minor. I thought them quite as -singular and beautiful as the Swiss _Ranz des Vaches_, or the Swedish -cattle-calls. They consisted of a few chanted words, with a cadence -and a long _yodl_. Sometimes the yodling was aided by what the Texan -boys called "quills"--two or more pipes made of reed--_cane_ -(arundinaria macrosperma). This made a sort of limited syrinx, which -gave wonderful softness and flute-like clearness to the prolonged -tones of the voice, as it was breathed into them. The boy sang one of -his saddest "calls." I looked quickly to see if Gov. Allen had noticed -the melancholy words and mournful air. I saw he had. He ceased -talking, and his face was very grave. - -The boy sang: - - "Going away to leave you, - Ah-a-a-a-- - Going away to leave you, - Ah-a-a-a-- - Going away to-morrow, - Ah-a-a-a-- - Going away to-morrow, - Ah-a-a-a-- - Never more to see you, - Ah-a-a-a-- - Never more to see you, - Ah a-a-a." - -[Music: Go-ing a-way, Go-ing a-way, - Going a-way to leave you, Ah-a-a-a. - Going a-way to leave you, Ah-a-a.] - -This had always been an affecting strain to me; it was doubly so under -the existing circumstances. The song died mournfully away. We drove on -in silence for a few moments. Gov. Allen roused himself, with a sigh: -"That boy's song is very sad." - -"Yes, but he sings it very frequently. He knows nothing about you. It -is neither a prophecy nor intended to be sympathetic,--you need not -make special application of it!" - -"No; but it may prove a strange coincidence." - -"You shan't say that. I won't listen to such a thought. You'll only -spend a pleasant summer travelling in Mexico. We'll see you at the -opera in New Orleans, next winter." - -"I hope so." - -Our conversation reverted now to past years. Allen spoke of his early -friends among my relatives; of his whole career in Louisiana; of his -wife, with tenderness,--[she had died in 1850], of her beauty and her -love for him. His future was so uncertain--that he scarcely alluded to -that--never with any hopefulness. It was only in the past that he -seemed to find repose of spirit. The present was too sad, the future -too shadowy for any discussion of either . . . - -During this last visit, I never renewed my arguments against his -quitting the country. I had already said and written all that I had to -say on that subject . . . . . - -Besides, our minds were in such a confused state, we scarcely knew -what any of us had to expect from the victorious party, or what would -become of our whole people. So that in urging him not to leave -Louisiana, I argued more from instinct, which revolted at anything -like an abandonment of a post of duty, and from a temperament which -always sought rather to advance to meet and defy danger, than to turn -and avoid it, than from any well-grounded assurance or hope of -security for him, or any one else. I felt more anxiety for his -reputation, for his fame, than for his life and freedom. His natural -instincts would have induced similar views; but his judgment and -feelings were overpowered by the reasonings and entreaties of his -friends. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[26] By permission of J. A. Gresham, New Orleans. - - - - -HENRY TIMROD. - -~1829=1867.~ - -[Illustration: ~University of State of Missouri, Columbia, Mo.~] - - -HENRY TIMROD was born in Charleston, the son of William Henry Timrod, -who was himself a poet, and who in his youth voluntarily apprenticed -himself to a book-binder in order to have plenty of books to read. His -son Henry, the "blue-eyed Harry" of the father's poem studied law -with the distinguished James Louis Petigru, but never practiced and -soon gave it up to prepare himself for a teacher. He spent ten years -as private tutor in families, writing at the same time. Some of his -poems are found in the "Southern Literary Messenger" with the -signature "Aglaüs." - -His vacations were spent in Charleston, where he was one of the -coterie of young writers whom William Gilmore Simms, like a literary -Nestor, gathered about him in his hospitable home. His schoolmate, -Paul Hamilton Hayne, was one of these, and their early friendship grew -stronger with the passing years. - -In 1860, Timrod removed to Columbia, published a volume of poems which -were well received North and South, and undertook editorial work. Life -seemed fair before him. But ill-health and the war which destroyed his -property and blighted his career, soon darkened all his prospects, and -after a brave struggle with poverty and sickness, he died of -pneumonia. - -His poems are singularly free from sadness and bitterness. They have -been collected and published with a sketch of his life by his friend, -Paul Hamilton Hayne. - - -WORKS. - - Poems.[27] - Prose Articles in the "South Carolinian." - -Of all our poets none stands higher than Henry Timrod. His singing is -true and musical, and his thoughts are pure and noble. A tardy -recognition seems at last coming to bless his memory, and his poems -are in demand. One copy of his little volume recently commanded the -price of ten dollars. - - -SONNET. - - Life ever seems as from its present site - It aimed to lure us. Mountains of the past - It melts, with all their crags and caverns vast, - Into a purple cloud! Across the night - Which hides what is to be, it shoots a light - All rosy with the yet unrisen dawn. - Not the near daisies, but yon distant height - Attracts us, lying on this emerald lawn. - And always, be the landscape what it may-- - Blue, misty hill, or sweep of glimmering plain-- - It is the eye's endeavor still to gain - The fine, faint limit of the bounding day. - God, haply, in this mystic mode, would fain - Hint of a happier home, far, far away! - - -ENGLISH KATIE. - -(_From Katie._) - - It may be through some foreign grace, - And unfamiliar charm of face; - It may be that across the foam - Which bore her from her childhood's home - By some strange spell, my Katie brought, - Along with English creeds and thought-- - Entangled in her golden hair-- - Some English sunshine, warmth, and air! - I cannot tell,--but here to-day, - A thousand billowy leagues away - From that green isle whose twilight skies - No darker are than Katie's eyes, - She seems to me, go where she will, - An English girl in England still! - - I meet her on the dusty street, - And daisies spring about her feet; - Or, touched to life beneath her tread, - An English cowslip lifts its head; - And, as to do her grace, rise up - The primrose and the buttercup! - I roam with her through fields of cane, - And seem to stroll an English lane, - Which, white with blossoms of the May, - Spreads its green carpet in her way! - As fancy wills, the path beneath - Is golden gorse, or purple heath: - And now we hear in woodlands dim - Their unarticulated hymn, - Now walk through rippling waves of wheat, - Now sink in mats of clover sweet, - Or see before us from the lawn - The lark go up to greet the dawn! - All birds that love the English sky - Throng round my path when she is by: - The blackbird from a neighboring thorn - With music brims the cup of morn, - And in a thick, melodious rain - The mavis pours her mellow strain! - But only when my Katie's voice - Makes all the listening woods rejoice, - I hear--with cheeks that flush and pale-- - The passion of the nightingale! - - -HYMN SUNG AT THE CONSECRATION OF MAGNOLIA CEMETERY, CHARLESTON, S. C. - - Whose was the hand that painted thee, O Death! - In the false aspect of a ruthless foe, - Despair and sorrow waiting on thy breath,-- - O gentle Power! who could have wronged thee so? - - Thou rather should'st be crowned with fadeless flowers, - Of lasting fragrance and celestial hue; - Or be thy couch amid funereal bowers, - But let the stars and sunlight sparkle through. - - So, with these thoughts before us, we have fixed - And beautified, O Death! thy mansion here, - Where gloom and gladness--grave and garden--mixed, - Make it a place to love, and not to fear. - - Heaven! shed thy most propitious dews around! - Ye holy stars! look down with tender eyes, - And gild and guard and consecrate the ground - Where we may rest, and whence we pray to rise. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[27] The following extracts are made by permission of Mr. E. J. Hale, -formerly of E. J. Hale & Son. - - - - -PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE. - -~1830=1886.~ - - -PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE has been justly called the "Laureate of the -South." He was born at Charleston, and being left an orphan by the -death of his father, Lieutenant Hayne of the Navy, he was reared and -educated by his uncle, Robert Young Hayne. His fortune was ample, but -he studied law although he never practised. He became editor of -"Russell's Magazine" and a contributor to the "Southern Literary -Messenger." His genius and lovely nature made him a favorite with all -of his companions, among whom were notably William Gilmore Simms and -Henry Timrod. - -During the Civil War, he served in the Confederate Army; his entire -property, the inheritance of several generations, was destroyed in the -bombardment of Charleston. From 1865 till his death he resided at -"Copse Hill," a small cottage home in the pine hills near Augusta, -Georgia, "keeping the wolf from the door only by the point of his -pen," dearly honored and loved by all who knew him or his poems. - -His son, William H. Hayne, is also a poet of much ability, and has -published a volume of "Sylvan Lyrics." - - -WORKS. - - Poems containing Sonnets Avolio Lyrics Mountain of the Lovers. - Preceded by a Sketch of the Poet by Mrs. M. J. Preston (1882). - Life of Robert Young Hayne (1878). - Life of Hugh Swinton Legaré (1878). - -[Illustration: ~University of Texas (Main Building), Austin, Texas.~] - -"There is no poet in America who has written more lovingly or -discriminatingly about nature in her ever varying aspects. We are sure -that in his loyal allegiance to her, he is not a whit behind -Wordsworth, and we do not hesitate to say that he has often a grace -that the old Lake-poet lacks."--Mrs. Preston. - -"Hayne has the lyric gift, and his shorter poems have a ring and -richness that recall the glories of the Elizabethan period; . . . each -shows the same careful and artistic workmanship."--Collier. - - -THE MOCKING-BIRD. - -(_At Night._) - -(_From Poems, 1882._[28]) - - A golden pallor of voluptuous light - Filled the warm southern night; - The moon, clear orbed, above the sylvan scene - Moved like a stately Queen, - So rife with conscious beauty all the while, - What could she do but smile - At her own perfect loveliness below, - Glassed in the tranquil flow - Of crystal fountains and unruffled streams? - Half lost in waking dreams, - As down the loneliest forest dell I strayed, - Lo! from a neighboring glade, - Flashed through the drifts of moonshine, swiftly came - A fairy shape of flame. - It rose in dazzling spirals overhead, - Whence, to wild sweetness wed, - Poured marvellous melodies, silvery trill on trill; - The very leaves grew still - On the charmed trees to hearken; while, for me, - Heart-thrilled to ecstasy, - I followed--followed the bright shape that flew, - Still circling up the blue, - Till, as a fountain that has reached its height - Falls back in sprays of light - Slowly dissolved, so that enrapturing lay, - Divinely melts away - Through tremulous spaces to a music-mist, - Soon by the fitful breeze - How gently kissed - Into remote and tender silences. - - -SONNET.--OCTOBER. - - The passionate summer's dead! the sky's aglow - With roseate flushes of matured desire, - The winds at eve are musical and low, - As sweeping chords of a lamenting lyre, - Far up among the pillared clouds of fire, - Whose pomp of strange procession upward rolls, - With gorgeous blazonry of pictured scrolls, - To celebrate the summer's past renown; - Ah, me! how regally the heavens look down, - O'ershadowing beautiful autumnal woods - And harvest fields with hoarded increase brown, - And deep-toned majesty of golden floods, - That raise their solemn dirges to the sky, - To swell the purple pomp that floateth by. - - -A DREAM OF THE SOUTH WIND. - - O fresh, how fresh and fair - Through the crystal gulfs of air, - The fairy South Wind floateth on her subtle wings of balm! - And the green earth lapped in bliss, - To the magic of her kiss - Seems yearning upward fondly through the golden-crested calm. - - From the distant Tropic strand - Where the billows, bright and bland, - Go creeping, curling round the palms with sweet, faint undertune; - From its fields of purpling flowers - Still wet with fragrant showers, - The happy South Wind lingering sweeps the royal blooms of June. - - All heavenly fancies rise - On the perfume of her sighs, - Which steep the inmost spirit in a languor rare and fine, - And a peace more pure than sleep's - Unto dim half-conscious deeps, - Transports me, lulled and dreaming, on its twilight tides divine. - - Those dreams! ah, me! the splendor, - So mystical and tender, - Wherewith like soft heat lightnings they gird their meaning round, - And those waters, calling, calling, - With a nameless charm enthralling, - Like the ghost of music melting on a rainbow spray of sound! - - Touch, touch me not, nor wake me, - Lest grosser thoughts o'ertake me; - From earth receding faintly with her dreary din and jars-- - What viewless arms caress me? - What whispered voices bless me, - With welcomes dropping dew-like from the weird and wondrous stars? - - Alas! dim, dim, and dimmer - Grows the preternatural glimmer - Of that trance the South Wind brought me on her subtle wings of balm, - For behold! its spirit flieth, - And its fairy murmur dieth, - And the silence closing round me is a dull and soulless calm! - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[28] By permission of the Lothrop Publishing Co., Boston; as also the -others following. - - - - -JOHN ESTEN COOKE. - -~1830=1886.~ - - -JOHN ESTEN COOKE was born at Winchester, Virginia, a younger brother -of Philip Pendleton Cooke and son of the eminent jurist, John Rogers -Cooke, under whom he made his law studies. He seemed, however, to -prefer literature to law, and when he was twenty-four he had already -published several works. Among them was "Virginia Comedians," a novel -of great interest and greater promise. - -In 1861 he entered the Confederate service as one of General T. J. -Jackson's staff, was transferred to that of General J. E. B. Stuart at -the death of Jackson in 1863; and after Stuart's death, he was -Inspector-General of the horse artillery of the Army of Northern -Virginia till the close of the war. - -His novels deal with the life and history of Virginia, the best known -of them being "Surry of Eagle's Nest," which is said to be partly -autobiographical. They hold well the popular favor. His "Stories of -the Old Dominion" are specially interesting to Virginians. - - -WORKS. - - Leather Stocking and Silk. - Virginia Comedians. - Last of the Foresters. - Life of Stonewall Jackson. - Surry of Eagle's Nest. - Mohun, or the Last Days of Lee and his Paladins. - Out of the Foam. - Heir of Gaymount. - Dr. Vandyke. - Pretty Mrs. Gaston, and other Stories. - Professor Pressensee. - Virginia Bohemians. - Virginia: a History of the People. - Maurice Mystery. - Youth of Jefferson. - Ellie. - Henry St. John, Gentleman, sequel to Virginia Comedians. - Wearing of the Gray. - Fairfax, or Greenway Court. - Hilt to Hilt. - Hammer and Rapier [Grant and Lee]. - Life of R. E. Lee. - Her Majesty the Queen. - Canolles. - Mr. Grantley's Idea. - Stories of the Old Dominion. - My Lady Pokahontas. - - -THE RACES IN VIRGINIA, 1765. - -(_From Virginia Comedians._[29]) - -The races! - -That word always produces a strong effect upon men in the South; and -when the day fixed upon for the Jamestown races comes, the country is -alive for miles around with persons of all classes and descriptions. - -As the hour of noon approaches, the ground swarms with every species -of the genus _homo_; Williamsburg and the sea-faring village of -Jamestown turn out _en masse_, and leave all occupations for the -exciting turf. - -As the day draws on the crowd becomes more dense. The splendid -chariots of the gentry roll up to the stand, and group themselves -around it, in a position to overlook the race-course, and through the -wide windows are seen the sparkling eyes and powdered locks, and -diamonds and gay silk and velvet dresses of those fair dames who lent -such richness and picturesque beauty to the old days dead now so long -ago in the far past. The fine-looking old planters too are decked in -their holiday suits, their powdered hair is tied into queues behind -with neat black ribbon, and they descend and mingle with their -neighbors, and discuss the coming festival. - -Gay youths, in rich brilliant dresses, caracole up to the carriages on -fiery steeds, to display their horsemanship, and exchange compliments -with their friends, and make pretty speeches, which are received by -the bright-eyed damsels with little ogles, and flirts of their -variegated fans, and rapturous delight. - -Meanwhile the crowd grows each moment, as the flood pours in from the -north, the south, the east, the west--from every point of the compass, -and in every species of vehicle. There are gay parties of the yeomen -and their wives and daughters, in carryalls and wagons filled with -straw, upon which chairs are placed: there are rollicking fast men--if -we may use a word becoming customary in our own day--who whirl in, in -their curricles: there are barouches and chairs, spring wagons and -carts, all full, approaching in every way from a sober walk to a -furious headlong dash, all "going to the races." There are horsemen -who lean forward, horsemen who lean back; furious, excited horsemen -urging their steeds with whip and spur; cool, quiet horsemen, who ride -erect and slowly; there are, besides, pedestrians of every class and -appearance, old and young, male and female, black and white--all going -to the races. - -The hour at last arrives, and a horn sounding from the judges' stand, -the horses are led out in their blankets and head-coverings, and -walked up and down before the crowd by their trainers, who are for the -most part old gray-headed negroes, born and raised, to the best of -their recollection, on the turf. The riders are noble scions of the -same ancient stock, and average three feet and a half in height, and -twenty pounds in weight. They are clad in ornamental garments; wear -little close-fitting caps; and while they are waiting, sit huddled up -in the grass, sucking their thumbs, and talking confidentially about -"them there hosses." - -Let us look at the objects of their attention; they are well worth it. - -Mr. Howard enters the bay horse _Sir Archy_, out of Flying Dick, by -Roderick. - -Mr. James enters _Fair Anna_, a white mare, dam Virginia, sire -Belgrave. - -Captain Waters enters the Arabian horse _Selim_, descended in a direct -line, he is informed, from Al-borak, who carried the prophet Mahomet -up to heaven--though this pedigree is not vouched for. The said -pedigree is open to the inspection of all comers. _Note_--That it is -written in Arabic. - -There are other entries, but not much attention is paid to them. The -race will be between Sir Archy and Fair Anna, and perhaps the -outlandish horse will not be "distanced." - -"Prepare the horses!" comes from the judges' stand opposite. - -Captain Ralph Waters leaves the ladies with a gallant bow, and pushes -his way through the swaying and excited crowd, toward the spot where -the animals are being saddled. - -A tremendous hurly-burly reigns there; men of all classes, boys, -negroes, gentlemen, indented servants,--all are betting with intense -interest. The dignified grooms endeavor to keep back the crowd:--the -owners of the horses give their orders to the microscopic monkeys who -are to ride. . . . . . The riders are raised by one leg into the -saddles; they gather up the reins; the drum taps; they are off like -lightning. - -The course is a mile in circumference, and they go round it before the -excited crowd can look at them a dozen times. They whirl past the -stand, and push on again. - -Sir Archy leads; Fair Anna trails on a hard rein; the Arabian is two -lengths behind; but he is not running. - -They thunder up the quarter stretch: Sir Archy is bounding, like some -diabolical monster, far before his companions, spite of his owner's -cries; the Arabian has come up and locks the mare; they run neck and -neck. Sir Archy whirls past the stand, and wins by a hundred yards. -The immense crowd utters a shout that shakes the surrounding -forest. . . . . . . . - -The horses are again enveloped in their hoods and blankets. Captain -Ralph returns to the Riverhead carriage, [that of the Lees, in which -were Miss Henrietta Lee and her sister Clare.] - -"Any more betting, sir?" says Miss Henrietta, satirically. - -"Who, I?" - -"Yes, sir." - -"Assuredly!" says the Captain; "do not think, _chere ma'm'selle_, that -I am very much cast down. I am so far from that, I assure you, that I -am ready to take the field again." - -"Well, sir." - -"Then you will bet again, madam?" - -"Yes, indeed." - -"_Bien!_ I now stake all that is left me in the world--though not -quite. I stake my horse, Selim, against the curl and the pair of -gloves you wear, with the knot of ribbons at your girdle thrown -in--all upon the final issue." - -Henrietta blushes; for, however common such gallant proposals were at -that day, she cannot misunderstand the meaning of the soldier's -glance, and reddens beneath it. - -"That would be unfair, sir." - -"Not so, my dear madam, for are you not sure to lose?" - -"To lose?" - -"Yes, indeed." - -"No, sir; I am sure to win." - -"Bah! you ladies have such a delicious little confidence in the things -you patronize, that it is really astonishing. You think Sir Archy will -beat Selim? Pshaw! you know nothing about it." - -This piques madam Henrietta, and she smiles satirically again as she -says: - -"Well, sir, I do not want your pretty horse--but if you insist, why, I -cannot retreat. I shall, at least, have the pleasure of returning him -to his master." - -The Captain shakes his head. - -"A bet upon such terms is no bet at all, my dearest madam," he says, -"for, I assure you, if I win, you will return home curl-less, -glove-less, and ribbon-less. All is fair in war--and love." - -With which words, Captain Ralph darts a martial ogle at his companion. -This piques her more than ever. - -"Well, sir," she replies, "if you are determined, have your desire." - -"Good!" cries the Captain, "we are just in time. There is the -horse." . . . . . . And, with another gallant bow, the Captain rides -away towards the horses. . . . - -The boys are again instructed much after the same fashion: the signal -is given in the midst of breathless suspense, and the horses dart from -their places. - -They dart around, Sir Archy again leading: but this position he does -not hold throughout the first mile: he gradually falls behind, and -when they pass the winning-post he is fifty yards in the rear. His -owner tears his hair, but the crowd do not see him--they flush and -shout. - -The second mile is between Fair Anna and the Arabian, and they lock in -the middle of it; but the Arabian gradually takes the lead, and when -they flash up to the stand he is ten yards ahead. Sir Archy is -distanced and withdrawn. - -It would be impossible to describe the excitement of the crowd:--the -tremendous effect produced upon them by this reversal of all their -hopes and expectations. They roll about like waves, they shout, they -curse, they rumble and groan like a stormy sea. - -The horses are the objects of every one's attention. Their condition -will go far to indicate the final result--and Sir Archy being led away -and withdrawn, the race now will be between Fair Anna and the Arabian. - -Mr. James looks more solemn than ever, and all eyes are turned upon -him. Captain Waters is not visible--he is yonder, conversing with the -ladies. - -But the horses! Fair Anna pants and breathes heavily: her coat is -drenched more completely than before with perspiration; her mouth -foams; she tosses her head; when the rake is applied to her back a -shower falls. - -The Arabian is wet all over too; but he breathes regularly; his eye is -bright and his head calm. He has commenced running. The first -intention of Mr. James is to give up the race, but his pride will not -let him. He utters an oath, and gives renewed instructions to his -rider. These instructions are to whip and spur--to take the lead and -keep it, from the start. - -The moment for the final struggle arrives, and Captain Ralph merely -says, "Rein free!" - -The boys mount--the crowd opens; the drum taps and the animals are off -like lightning. - -Fair Anna feels that all her previous reputation is at stake, and -flies like a deer. She passes around the first mile like a flash of -white light; but the Arabian is beside her. For a quarter of a mile -thereafter they run neck and neck--the rider of fair Anna lashes and -spurs desperately. - -They come up to the quarter-stretch in the last mile at supernatural -speed:--the spectators rise on their toes and shout:--two shadows pass -them like the shadows of darting hawks:--the mare barely saves her -distance and the Arabian has triumphed. - -If we could not describe the excitement after the second heat, what -possibility is there that we could convey an idea of the raging and -surging pandemonium which the crowd now came to resemble? Furious -cries--shouts--curses--applause--laughter--and the rattle of coin -leaving unwilling hands are some of the sounds. But here we must give -up:--as no mere pen can describe the raging of a great mass of water -lashed by an angry wind into foam and whistling spray and muttering -waves, which rise and fall and crash incessantly, so we cannot trace -the outline of the wildly excited crowd. - -[Afterwards come contests with the quarter-staff, a wrestling match, -running matches, a contest of singing among "a dozen blushing -maidens," and of fiddling among twenty bold musicians: and the day is -wound up with a great banquet.] - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[29] By permission of D. Appleton and Co., New York. - - - - -ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE. - -~1830=1894.~ - - -ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, and -was educated at Washington College, Tennessee, and at the University -of North Carolina. He studied law and began its practice in Asheville. -He was soon elected to the State Legislature and to Congress; and from -1854 to his death was continuously in public life except just after -the war. His wit and eloquence made him a great favorite both on the -stump and in Congress, and the influence he wielded in his state was -unbounded. He was opposed to secession, but joined his state in her -decision and became colonel of the 26th North Carolina Regiment, one -of the best of the army. - -In 1862 he was elected governor of the State and was so active and -enterprising in getting aid by sea for the cause that he was called -the "War Governor of the South." He was in favor of considering the -negotiations for peace in 1863, but he neglected no measures to insure -the success of the Confederacy. In 1865 he was held a prisoner of war -for a few weeks in Washington. - -[Illustration: ~State Capitol of North Carolina.~] - -His political disabilities were not removed till 1872; in 1876 he was -elected governor of North Carolina, and in 1879, United States -Senator, having been elected and his seat refused him in 1870. His -death occurred in Washington City, and he is buried in Asheville. His -State is now preparing to erect a monument expressing her honor and -devotion to her illustrious son. - - -WORKS. - - Speeches: (in Congress and on Public Occasions.) - - -CHANGES WROUGHT BY THE WAR. - -(_From All About it--an address before the young men of Raleigh, -N. C.; published in "Land We Love" January, 1867._) - -Virginia to the north of us was settled by English Cavaliers; South -Carolina, mainly by French Huguenots, both among the noblest stocks of -Western Europe. North Carolina, with but a slight infusion of each, -was settled by a sturdier--and in some respects--a better race than -either. She was emphatically the offspring of religious and political -persecution, and the vital stream of her infant life was of -Scotch-Irish origin. A cross of those two noble races has produced a -breed of men as renowned for great deeds and modest worth as perhaps -any other in this world. Two instances will suffice for this. Perhaps -the most manly and glorious feat of arms in modern times was the -defence of Londonderry, as the boldest and most remarkable state paper -was the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. Both were the work -mainly of men such as settled North Carolina. - -_The Country Gentlemen._--Perhaps one of the most remarkable changes -which we may expect, is one that will soon be apparent on the face of -our country society. The abolition of slavery will do wonders here. It -puts an end to the reign of those lordly-landed proprietors, planters, -and farmers, who constituted so striking and so pleasant a feature in -our rural population. No longer the masters of hundreds of slaves -wherewith to cultivate their thousands of acres, the general cheapness -of lands in the South will prevent their forming around them a system -of dependent tenantry, since every industrious man will be able to -plough his own farm. They will therefore gradually sell off their -paternal acres, no longer within the scope of prudent management, and -seek homes in the towns and villages, or contract their establishments -to their means and altered condition. Agriculture will then pass -gradually into the hands of small farmers, and the great farms will -forever disappear. - -I can scarcely imagine it possible for any one to view the steady -disappearance of the race of Southern country gentlemen without -genuine sorrow . . . the high-toned, educated, chivalrous, -intelligent, and hospitable Southern gentlemen, of whom each one who -hears me has at least a dozen in his mind's eye in Virginia and the -Carolinas: whose broad fields were cultivated by their own faithful -and devoted slaves, whose rudely splendid mansions stand where their -fathers reared them, among the oaks and the pines which greeted the -canoe of John Smith, welcomed the ships of Raleigh, and sheltered the -wild cavaliers of De Soto; whose hall doors stood wide open, and were -never shut except against a retreating guest;[30] whose cellar and -table abounded with the richest products of the richest lands in the -world, and whose hospitality was yet unstained by unrefined excess; -whose parlors and fire-sides were adorned by a courtly female grace -which might vie with any that ever lighted and blessed the home of -man; whose hands were taught from infancy to fly open to every -generous and charitable appeal, and whose minds were inured to all -self-respect and toleration, and whose strong brains were sudden death -to humbuggery, all the _isms_, and the whole family of mean and -pestilential fanaticism. - -_The Negroes._--There is also a great change at hand for the -negro. . . Who that knew him as a contented, well-treated slave, did -not learn to love and admire the negro character? I, for one, confess -to almost an enthusiasm on the subject. The cheerful ring of their -songs at their daily tasks, their love for their masters and their -families, their politeness and good manners, their easily bought but -sincere gratitude, their deep-seated aristocracy--for your genuine -negro was a terrible aristocrat,--their pride in their own and their -master's dignity, together with their overflowing and never-failing -animal spirits, both during hours of labor and leisure, altogether, -made up an aggregation of joyous simplicity and fidelity--when not -perverted by harsh treatment--that to me was irresistible! - -A remembrance of the seasons spent among them will perish only with -life. From the time of the ingathering of the crops, until after the -ushering in of the new year, was wont to be with them a season of -greater joy and festivity than with any other people on earth, of whom -it has been my lot to hear. In the glorious November nights of our -beneficent clime, after the first frosts had given a bracing sharpness -and a ringing clearness to the air, and lent that transparent blue to -the heavens through which the stars gleam like globes of sapphire, -when I have seen a hundred or more of them around the swelling piles -of corn, and heard their tuneful voices ringing with the chorus of -some wild refrain, I have thought I would rather far listen to them -than to any music ever sung to mortal ears; for it was the outpouring -of the hearts of happy and contented men, rejoicing over the abundance -which rewarded the labor of the closing year! And the listening, too, -has many a time and oft filled my bosom with emotions, and opened my -heart with charity and love toward this subject and dependent race, -such as no oratory, no rhetoric or minstrelsy in all this wide earth -could impart! - -Nature ceased almost to feel fatigue in the joyous scenes which -followed. The fiddle and the banjo, animated as it would seem like -living things, literally knew no rest, night or day; while Terpichore -covered her face in absolute despair in the presence of that famous -_double-shuffle_ with which the long nights and "master's shoes" were -worn away together! . . . . - -Who can forget the cook by whom his youthful appetite was fed? The -fussy, consequential old lady to whom I now refer, has often, during -my vagrant inroads into her rightful domains, boxed my infant jaws, -with an imperious, "Bress de Lord, git out of de way: dat chile never -kin git enuff": and as often relenting at sight of my hungry tears, -has fairly bribed me into her love again with the very choicest bits -of the savory messes of her art. She was haughty as Juno, and -aristocratic as though her naked ancestors had come over with the -Conqueror, or "drawn a good bow at Hastings," . . . and yet her pride -invariably melted at the sight of certain surreptitious quantities of -tobacco, with which I made my court to this high priestess of the -region sacred to the stomach. - -And there, too, plainest of all, I can see the fat and chubby form of -my dear old nurse, whose encircling arms of love fondled and supported -me from the time whereof the memory of this man runneth not to the -contrary. All the strong love of her simple and faithful nature seemed -bestowed on her mistress' children, which she was not permitted to -give to her own, long, long ago left behind and dead in "ole -Varginney." Oh! the wonderful and touching stories of them, and a -hundred other things, which she has poured into my infant ears! How -well do I remember the marvellous story of the manner in which she -obtained religion, of her many and sore conflicts with the powers of -darkness, and of her first dawning hopes in that blessed gospel whose -richest glory is, that it is preached to the poor, such as she was! -From her lips, too, I heard my first ghost-story! Think of that! None -of your feeble make-believes of a ghost-story either, carrying -infidelity on its face; but a real bona-fide narrative, witnessed by -herself, and told with the earnestness of truth itself. How my knees -smote together, and my hair stood on end, "so called"--as I stared and -startled, and declared again and again with quite a sickly manhood -indeed, that _I wasn't scared a bit_! - -Perhaps the proudest day of my boyhood was when I was able to present -her with a large and flaming red cotton handkerchief, wherewith in -turban style she adorned her head. And my satisfaction was complete -when my profound erudition enabled me to read for her on Sabbath -afternoons that most wonderful of all stories, the Pilgrim's Progress. -Nor was it uninstructive, or a slight tribute to the genius of the -immortal tinker--could I but have appreciated it--to observe the -varied emotions excited within her breast by the recital of those -fearful conflicts by the way, and of the unspeakable glories of the -celestial City, within whose portals of pearl I trust her faithful -soul has long since entered! - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[30] As in the case of the gentleman for whom Senator Vance's native -county was named. He had over his front door the inscription: - - "Buncombe Hall, - Welcome all!" - - - - -ALBERT PIKE. - -~1809=1891.~ - - -ALBERT PIKE was born in Boston, but after his twenty-second year made -his home in the South. He was a student at Harvard and taught for a -while; in 1831, he went to Arkansas, walking, it is said, five hundred -miles of the way, as his horse had run away in a storm. - -He became an editor and then a lawyer, cultivating letters at the same -time, and wrote the "Hymns to the Gods." He served in the Mexican and -Civil Wars, with rank in the latter of Brigadier-General in the -Confederate army. He afterwards made his home in Washington City, -where he at first practised his profession, but later gave his -attention mostly to literature and Freemasonry. - - -WORKS. - - Hymns to the Gods. - Prose Sketches and Poems. - Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Arkansas. - Works on Freemasonry. - Nugae, (including Hymns to the Gods). - -The following poem is one of the best on that wonderful bird whose -song almost all Southern poets have celebrated. It has a classic ring -and reminds one of Keats' Odes on the Nightingale and on a Grecian -Urn. - - -TO THE MOCKING-BIRD. - - Thou glorious mocker of the world! I hear - Thy many voices ringing through the glooms - Of these green solitudes; and all the clear, - Bright joyance of their song enthralls the ear, - And floods the heart. Over the spherèd tombs - Of vanished nations rolls thy music-tide; - No light from History's starlit page illumes - The memory of these nations; they have died: - None care for them but thou; and thou mayst sing - O'er me, perhaps, as now thy clear notes ring - Over their bones by whom thou once wast deified. - - Glad scorner of all cities! Thou dost leave - The world's mad turmoil and incessant din, - Where none in other's honesty believe, - Where the old sigh, the young turn gray and grieve, - Where misery gnaws the maiden's heart within: - Thou fleest far into the dark green woods, - Where, with thy flood of music, thou canst win - Their heart to harmony, and where intrudes - No discord on thy melodies. Oh, where, - Among the sweet musicians of the air, - Is one so dear as thou to these old solitudes? - - Ha! what a burst was that! The Æolian strain - Goes floating through the tangled passages - Of the still woods, and now it comes again, - A multitudinous melody,--like a rain - Of glassy music under echoing trees, - Close by a ringing lake. It wraps the soul - With a bright harmony of happiness, - Even as a gem is wrapped when round it roll - Thin waves of crimson flame; till we become - With the excess of perfect pleasure, dumb, - And pant like a swift runner clinging to the goal. - - I cannot love the man who doth not love, - As men love light, the song of happy birds; - For the first visions that my boy-heart wove - To fill its sleep with, were that I did rove - Through the fresh woods, what time the snowy herds - Of morning clouds shrunk from the advancing sun - Into the depths of Heaven's blue heart, as words - From the Poet's lips float gently, one by one, - And vanish in the human heart; and then - I revelled in such songs, and sorrowed when, - With noon-heat overwrought, the music-gush was done. - - I would, sweet bird, that I might live with thee, - Amid the eloquent grandeur of these shades, - Alone with nature,--but it may not be; - I have to struggle with the stormy sea - Of human life until existence fades - Into death's darkness. Thou wilt sing and soar - Through the thick woods and shadow-checkered glades, - While pain and sorrow cast no dimness o'er - The brilliance of thy heart; but I must wear, - As now, my garments of regret and care,-- - As penitents of old their galling sackcloth wore. - - Yet why complain? What though fond hopes deferred - Have overshadowed Life's green paths with gloom? - Content's soft music is not all unheard; - There is a voice sweeter than thine, sweet bird, - To welcome me within my humble home; - There is an eye, with love's devotion bright, - The darkness of existence to illume. - Then why complain? When Death shall cast his blight - Over the spirit, my cold bones shall rest - Beneath these trees; and, from thy swelling breast, - Over them pour thy song, like a rich flood of light. - - - - -WILLIAM TAPPAN THOMPSON. - -~1812=1882.~ - - -WILLIAM TAPPAN THOMPSON was a native of Ravenna, Ohio, the first white -child born in the Western Reserve. He removed to Georgia in 1835, and -became with Judge A. B. Longstreet editor of the "States Rights -Sentinel" at Augusta. He was subsequently editor of several other -papers, in one of which, the "Miscellany," appeared his famous -humorous "Letters of Major Jones." - -From 1845 to 1850 he lived in Baltimore, editor with Park Benjamin of -the "Western Continent;" but he returned to Georgia and established -in Savannah the "Morning News" with which he was connected till his -death. - -He served in the Confederate cause as aide to Gov. Joseph E. Brown, -and later as a volunteer in the ranks. - - -WORKS. - - Major Jones's Courtship. - Major Jones's Chronicles of Pineville. - Major Jones's Sketches of Travel. - The Live Indian: a Farce. - John's Alive, and other Sketches, edited by his daughter. - _Dramatized_ The Vicar of Wakefield. - -The titles of these books describe their contents, and the following -extract gives their style. The scenes are laid in Georgia; and even -when Major Jones travels, he remains a Georgian still. - - -MAJOR JONES'S CHRISTMAS PRESENT TO MARY STALLINGS. - -(_From Major Jones's Courtship._[31]) - -They all agreed they would hang up a bag for me to put Miss Mary's -Crismus present in, on the back porch; and about ten o'clock I told -'em good-evenin' and went home. - -I sot up till midnight, and when they wos all gone to bed, I went -softly into the back gate, and went up to the porch, and thar, shore -enough, was a great big meal-bag hangin' to the jice. It was monstrous -unhandy to git to it, but I was termined not to back out. So I sot -some chairs on top of a bench, and got hold of the rope, and let -myself down into the bag; but jist as I was gittin in, it swung agin -the chairs, and down they went with a terrible racket; but nobody -din't wake up but Miss Stallinses old cur dog, and here he come rippin -and tearin through the yard like rath, and round and round he went, -tryin to find out what was the matter. I scrooch'd down in the bag, -and didn't breathe louder nor a kitten, for fear he'd find me out; -and after a while he quit barkin. - -The wind begun to blow bominable cold, and the old bag kept turnin -round and swingin so it made me sea-sick as the mischief. I was afraid -to move for fear the rope would break and let me fall, and thar I sot -with my teeth rattlin like I had a ager. It seemed like it would never -come daylight, and I do believe if I didn't love Miss Mary so powerful -I would froze to death; for my heart was the only spot that felt warm, -and it didn't beat more'n two licks a minit, only when I thought how -she would be supprised in the mornin, and then it went in a canter. -Bimeby the cussed old dog came up on the porch and begun to smell -about the bag, and then he barked like he thought he'd treed -something. - -"Bow! wow! wow!" ses he. Then he'd smell agin, and try to git up to -the bag. "Git out!" ses I, very low, for fear the galls mought hear -me. "Bow! wow!" ses he. "Begone! you bominable fool!" ses I, and I -felt all over in spots, for I spected every minit he'd nip me, and -what made it worse, I didn't know wharabouts he'd take hold. "Bow! -wow! wow!" Then I tried coaxin--"Come here, good feller," ses I, and -whistled a little to him, but it wasn't no use. Thar he stood, and kep -up his everlastin barkin and whinin, all night. I couldn't tell when -daylight was breakin, only by the chickens crowin, and I was monstrous -glad to hear 'em, for if I'd had to stay thar one hour more, I don't -believe I'd ever got out of that bag alive. - -Old Miss Stallins come out fust, and as soon as she seed the bag, ses -she: "What upon yeath has Joseph went and put in that bag for Mary? -I'll lay it's a yearlin or some live animal, or Bruin wouldn't bark at -it so." - -She went in to call the galls, and I sot thar, shiverin all over so I -couldn't hardly speak if I tried to,--but I didn't say nothin. Bimeby -they all come runnin out on the porch. - -"My goodness! what is it?" ses Miss Mary. - -"Oh, it's alive!" ses Miss Kesiah. "I seed it move." - -"Call Cato, and make him cut the rope," ses Miss Carline, "and let's -see what it is. Come here, Cato, and get this bag down." - -"Don't hurt it for the world," ses Miss Mary. - -Cato untied the rope that was round the jice, and let the bag down -easy on the floor, and I tumbled out, all covered with corn-meal from -head to foot. - -"Goodness gracious!" ses Miss Mary, "if it ain't the Majer himself!" - -"Yes," ses I, "and you know you promised to keep my Crismus present as -long as you lived." - -The galls laughed themselves almost to death, and went to brushin off -the meal as fast as they could, sayin they was gwine to hang that bag -up every Crismus till they got husbands too. Miss Mary--bless her -bright eyes!--she blushed as beautiful as a mornin-glory, and sed -she'd stick to her word. . . . I do believe if I was froze stiff, one -look at her sweet face, as she stood thar lookin down to the floor -with her roguish eyes, and her bright curls fallin all over her snowy -neck, would have fotched me to. I tell you what, it was worth hangin -in a meal bag from one Crismus to another to feel as happy as I have -ever sense. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[31] By permission of T. B. Peterson and Brothers, Philadelphia. - - - - -JAMES BARRON HOPE. - -~1827=1887.~ - - -JAMES BARRON HOPE was born near Norfolk, Virginia, educated at William -and Mary College, and began the practice of law at Hampton. In 1857 he -wrote the poem for the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the -settlement of Jamestown, and in 1858 an Ode for the dedication of the -Washington Monument at Richmond. He also wrote poems for the "Southern -Literary Messenger," as _Henry Ellen_. In 1861 he entered the -Confederate service and fought through the war as captain. Afterwards -he settled in Norfolk to the practice of his profession. His best -poems are considered to be "Arms and the Man," and "Memorial Ode," the -latter written for the laying of the corner-stone of the Lee Monument -in Richmond, 1887, just before his death. - - -WORKS. - - Leoni di Monota, [poems]. - Elegiac Ode and other Poems. - Under the Empire, [novel]. - Arms and the Man, and other Poems. - - -THE VICTORY AT YORKTOWN. - -(_From Arms and the Man._[32]) - -A Metrical Address recited on the one hundredth anniversary of the -surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, on invitation of the United -States Congress, October 19, 1881. - -PROLOGUE. - - Full-burnished through the long-revolving years - The ploughshare of a Century to-day - Runs peaceful furrows where a crop of Spears - Once stood in War's array. - - And we, like those who on the Trojan plain - See hoary secrets wrenched from upturned sods;-- - Who, in their fancy, hear resound again - The battle-cry of Gods;-- - - We now,--this splendid scene before us spread - Where Freedom's full hexameter began-- - Restore our Epic, which the Nations read - As far its thunders ran. - - Here visions throng on People and on Bard, - Ranks all a-glitter in battalions massed - And closed around as like a plumèd guard, - They lead us down the Past. - - I see great Shapes in vague confusion march - Like giant shadows, moving vast and slow, - Beneath some torch-lit temple's mighty arch - Where long processions go. - - I see these Shapes before me all unfold, - But ne'er can fix them on the lofty wall, - Nor tell them, save as she of Endor told - What she beheld to Saul. - - -WASHINGTON AND LEE. - -(_From Memorial Ode._) - - Our history is a shining sea - Locked in by lofty land, - And its great Pillars of Hercules, - Above the shifting sand - I here behold in majesty - Uprising on each hand. - - These Pillars of our history, - In fame forever young, - Are known in every latitude - And named in every tongue, - And down through all the Ages - Their story shall be sung. - - The Father of his Country - Stands above that shut-in sea, - A glorious symbol to the world - Of all that's great and free; - And to-day Virginia matches him-- - And matches him with Lee. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[32] By permission of Mrs. Jane Barren Hope Marr. - - - - -JAMES WOOD DAVIDSON. - -~1829=----.~ - - -JAMES WOOD DAVIDSON was born in Newberry County, South Carolina, and -educated at South Carolina College, Columbia. He taught at Winnsboro -and at Columbia until the opening of the war, when he enlisted as a -volunteer in the Army of Northern Virginia, and served throughout the -great struggle. After the war he taught again in Columbia till 1871. -Then he removed to Washington and in 1873 to New York, where he -engaged in literary and journalistic work. He has also lived in -Florida and represented Dade County in the State Legislature. He is -now living in Washington City. - - -WORKS. - - Living Writers of the South, (1869). - The Correspondent. - Poetry of the Future. - Dictionary of Southern Authors, [unfinished]. - School History of South Carolina. - Bell of Doom, [a poem]. - Florida of To-day. - Helen of Troy, [a romance of ancient Greece; unfinished.] - -Dr. Davidson's "Living Writers of the South" has made his name well -known as a critic and student of literature, and his labors in behalf -of Southern letters entitle him to high regard. - - -THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE POETICAL. - -(_From Poetry of the Future._[33]) - -The relation between the Beautiful and Beauty on the one hand, and the -Poetical and Poetry on the other, has generally been seen, when seen -at all, vaguely; that is to say, seen as the Beautiful and the -Poetical themselves have been seen--"in a mirror darkly." This -indistinctness seems to have grown out of the faulty views of nature -taken by the speculators. . . . . . . . . . In brief, then, Nature is -an effect--a product--of a Power lying behind or above it; and it -stands, accordingly, to that Power in the relation of an effect to a -cause. That cause we shall describe as Spiritual; the effect, as -Natural. The Natural, or Nature, is the material Universe embracing -the three kingdoms, known as mineral, vegetable, and animal. . . . . - -Such being the case, everything in nature is a correspondent of some -thing--is expressive of and consequently representative and -exponential of something--above it or behind it; and that something is -an idea--a thing not material. It follows, then, that every object in -nature has real character in itself as a representative of an idea; -just as, say, an anchor is representative of hope, a heart, of love, -an olive branch, of peace, and a ring, of marriage. . . - -We next come to consider the percipient mind. Men's minds have limited -and imperfect faculties and capabilities. That which is good, or true, -or beautiful, to one mind can hardly be the same in the same way and -degree to any other mind. It is true--as some writers have stated, but -none seems willing to push the propositions to their legitimate -conclusions--that the Good and the Beautiful are true, the Beautiful -and the True are good, and the True and the Good are beautiful. We -wish to accept the propositions in their most comprehensive scope and -with all their legitimate consequences. - -Let us note, at this point, the fact, obvious enough but generally -overlooked, that in perception the result depends far more upon the -percipient mind than upon the object perceived. To a ploughboy, a -pebble is an insignificant thing, suggestive possibly of some -discomfort in walking, and fit only to shy at a bird, may be; but to -the geologist it appears worthy a volume, and speaks to him of strata -may be a million of years old, of glacial attrition, of volcanic -action, of chemical constituents, of mineralogical principles, and -crystallogenic attraction, of mathematical laws and geometric angles, -and of future geognostic changes. That is to say, the pebble contracts -and expands, as it were, with the faculties and the prejudices of the -person--of the mind--that sees it. - -Or, again: The crescent moon is visible in the clear sky. _A_ sees a -bright convenience which enables him to walk better--not so good a -light as the full moon would be, but valuable as far as it goes. _B_ -sees a lovely luminary to light him to his lady-love, a hallowed eye -half shut that watches with protecting radiance over her slumbers. _C_ -reckons the intervening 238,000 miles, its diameter of 2,162.3 miles, -and his mind busies itself with orbits, radii, ellipses, eclipses, -azimuth, parallax, sidereal periods, satellitic inclinations, and -synodic revolutions. _D_, with a turn for symbols and history, sees in -it something of the "ornaments like the moon" that Gideon captured -from the Sheikhs Zebah and Zalmunna, something of Byzantine siege, -Ottoman ensign, the Crusades, the Knighthood of Selim, the battle of -Tours, and the city of New Orleans. . . . . . . . . - -The Beautiful . . . . is a relation between the man that sees and the -object seen. A perfectly harmonious relation brings perfect beauty. - -The Poetical . . . . is the beautiful; and this may be expressed -either in prose or in poetry. . . . . . . . . . - -Poetry, more closely defined, is the poetical expressed in rhythmical -language. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[33] By permission of the author. - - - - -CHARLES COLCOCK JONES, JR. - -~1831=1893.~ - - -CHARLES COLCOCK JONES, JR., was born at Savannah, Georgia, and made -his literary fame by special study of the history of Georgia and the -life of the Southern Indians. He was by profession a lawyer, was -colonel of artillery in the Confederate Army, and from 1865 to 1877 -lived and practised law in New York City. Since 1877 his home was -"Montrose" near Augusta, Georgia, where he left a fine library and -large collections of Indian curiosities and of portraits and -autographs. His style is full and flowing, and the following list -shows his great activity with his pen. - - -WORKS. - - Indian Remains in Southern Georgia. - Ancient Tumuli and Structures in Georgia. - Dead Towns of Georgia. - Last Days of Gen. Henry Lee. - Life, Labors, and Neglected Grave of Richard Henry Wilde. - Negro Myths from the Georgia Coast. - Histories of Savannah and Augusta. - English Colonization of Georgia. - _Edited_ his father's works. - History of Georgia. - Sketch of Tomo-chi-chi. - Antiquities of the Southern Indians. - Life of Jasper: of Tatnall: of De Soto: of Purry: of Jenkins: of - Habersham: of Gen. Robert Toombs: of Elbert: of John Percival. - Addresses to Confederate Association, and Historical Society, and - on Greene, Pulaski, Stephens. - -Colonel Jones is the most prolific author that Georgia has produced -and his works place him at the head of her historical writers. - - -SALZBURGER SETTLEMENT IN GEORGIA. - -(_From History of Georgia._[34]) - -During the four years commencing in 1729 and ending in 1732, more than -thirty thousand Salzburgers, impelled by the fierce persecutions of -Leopold, abandoned their homes in the broad valley of the Salza, and -sought refuge in Prussia, Holland, and England, where their past -sufferings and present wants enlisted the profound sympathy of -Protestant communities. In the public indignation engendered by their -unjustifiable and inhuman treatment, and in the general desire to -alleviate their sufferings, Oglethorpe and the trustees fully shared. -An asylum in Georgia was offered. - -. . . . . . . - -Forty-two men with their families, numbering in all seventy-eight -souls, set out on foot for Rotterdam. They came from the town of -Berchtolsgaden and its vicinity. . . . On the 2d of December they -embarked for England. On the 8th of January, 1734 (O. S.), having a -favorable wind, they departed in the ship _Purisburg_ for Savannah. - -. . . . . . . - -. . . Upon the return of Mr. Oglethorpe and the commissary, Baron Von -Reck, [sent to examine the site of the new colony] to Savannah, nine -able-bodied Salzburgers were dispatched, by the way of Abercorn, to -Ebenezer, to cut down trees and erect shelters for the new colonists. -On the 7th of April the rest of the emigrants arrived, and, with the -blessing of the good Mr. Bolzius, entered at once upon the task of -clearing land, constructing bridges, building shanties, and preparing -a road-way to Abercorn. Wild honey found in a hollow tree greatly -refreshed them, and parrots and partridges made them "a very good -dish." Upon the sandy soil they fixed their hopes for a generous yield -of peas and potatoes. To the "black, fat, and heavy" land they looked -for all sorts of corn. From the clayey soil they purposed -manufacturing bricks and earthenware. - -On the first of May lots were drawn upon which houses were to be -erected in the town of Ebenezer. The day following, the hearts of the -people were rejoiced by the coming of ten cows and calves,--sent as a -present from the magistrates of Savannah in obedience to Mr. -Oglethorpe's orders. Ten casks "full of all Sorts of Seeds" arriving -from Savannah set these pious people to praising God for all his -loving kindnesses. Commiserating their poverty, the Indians gave them -deer, and their English neighbors taught them how to brew a sort of -beer made of molasses, sassafras, and pine tops. Poor Lackner dying, -by common consent the little money he left was made the "Beginning of -a Box for the Poor." . . . . . . . . By appointment, Monday, the 13th -of May, was observed by the congregation as a season of -thanksgiving. . . . . - -Of the town of Savannah, the Baron Von Reck favors us with the -following impressions: "I went to view this rising Town, _Savannah_, -seated upon the Banks of a River of the same Name. The Town is -regularly laid out, divided into four Wards, in each of which is left -a spacious Square for holding of Markets and other publick Uses. The -Streets are all straight, and the Houses are all of the same Model and -Dimensions, and well contrived for Conveniency. For the Time it has -been built it is very populous, and its Inhabitants are all White -People. And indeed the Blessing of God seems to have gone along with -this Undertaking, for here we see Industry honored and Justice -strictly executed, and Luxury and Idleness banished from this happy -Place where Plenty and Brotherly Love seem to make their Abode, and -where the good Order of a Nightly Watch restrains the Disorderly and -makes the Inhabitants sleep secure in the midst of a Wilderness. - -"There is laid out near the Town, by order of the Trustees, a Garden -for making Experiments for the Improving Botany and Agriculture; it -contains 10 Acres and lies upon the River; and it is cleared and -brought into such Order that there is already a fine Nursery of -Oranges, Olives, white Mulberries, Figs, Peaches, and many curious -Herbs: besides which there are Cabbages, Peas, and other European -Pulse and Plants which all thrive. Within the Garden there is an -artificial Hill, said by the Indians to be raised over the Body of one -of their ancient Emperors. - -"I had like to have forgot one of the best Regulations made by the -Trustees for the Government of the Town of _Savannah_. I mean the -utter Prohibition of the Use of Rum, that flattering but deceitful -Liquor which has been found equally pernicious to the Natives and new -Comers, which seldoms fails by Sickness or Death to draw after it its -own Punishment." - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[34] By permission of Mr. Charles Edgeworth Jones. - - - - -MARY VIRGINIA TERHUNE. - -~ca. 1831=----.~ - -[Illustration: ~Mary Washington Monument, Fredericksburg, Va.~] - - -MRS. TERHUNE, better known as "Marion Harland," was born in Amelia -County, Virginia, where her father, Samuel P. Hawes, a merchant from -Massachusetts, had made his home. She began writing at the early age of -fourteen. In 1856, she was married to Rev. E. P. Terhune and since 1859 -has lived in the North. Her novels, dealing chiefly with Southern life, -are very popular and have made her well known North and South. "The -Story of Mary Washington" was written in order to aid the enterprise for -a monument to the mother of Washington, which was happily consummated -May 10, 1894, by its unveiling at Fredericksburg, on which occasion -Mrs. Terhune was present, an honored guest. - - -WORKS. - - Alone. - Moss Side. - Nemesis. - Husbands and Homes. - Helen Gardner's Wedding-Day. - Ruby's Husband. - At Last. - Empty Heart. - Judith, a Chronicle of Old Virginia. - Hidden Path. - Miriam. - Husks. - Sunnybank. - Christmas Holly. - Phemie's Temptation. - Common Sense in the Household. - Eve's Daughters. - A Gallant Fight. - Story of Mary Washington. - - -LETTER DESCRIBING MARY [BALL] WASHINGTON WHEN A YOUNG GIRL. - -(_From Story of Mary Washington._[35]) - - "WMSBURG, _ye 7th of Octr, 1722_. - -"_Dear Sukey_, Madam Ball of Lancaster and Her Sweet Molly have gone -Hom. Mamma thinks Molly the Comliest Maiden She Knows. She is about 16 -yrs old, is taller than Me, is very Sensable, Modest and Loving. Her -Hair is like unto Flax, Her Eyes are the color of Yours, and her -Chekes are like May blossoms. I wish you could see her." - -We do seem to see her in lingering over the portrait done in miniature -in colors that are fresh to this day. It is, as if in exploring a -catacomb, we had happened upon a fair chamber adorned with a frescoed -portrait of a girl-princess of a legendary age. Romancist and -biographer are one as we study the picture line by line. The brush was -dipped in the limner's heart and wrought passing well. - - -MADAM WASHINGTON AT THE PEACE BALL. - -(_From the Same._) - -Her only public appearance as the hero's mother was at the Peace Ball -given in Fredericksburg during the visit of Washington to that town. -With all her majestic self-command, she did not disguise the pleasure -with which she received the special request of the managers that she -would honor the occasion with her presence. There was even a happy -flutter in the playful rejoinder that "her dancing days were pretty -well over, but that if her coming would contribute to the general -pleasure she would attend." - -. . . A path was opened from the foot to the top of the hall as they -appeared in the doorway, and "every head was bowed in reverence." It -must have been the proudest moment of her life, but she bore herself -with perfect composure then, and after her son, seating her in an -armchair upon the daïs reserved for distinguished guests, faced the -crowd in prideful expectancy that all his friends would seek to know -his mother. She had entered the hall at eight o'clock, and for two -hours held court, the most distinguished people there pressing eagerly -forward to be presented to her. . . . From her slightly elevated -position, she could, without rising, overlook the floor, and watched -with quiet pleasure the dancers, among them the kingly figure of the -Commander-in-Chief, who led a Fredericksburg matron through a minuet. - -At ten o'clock, she signed to him to approach, and rose to take his -arm, saying in her clear soft voice, "Come, George, it is time for old -folks to be at home." Smiling a good-night to all, she walked down the -room, as erect in form and as steady in gait as any dancer there. - -One of the French officers exclaimed aloud, as she disappeared: - -"If such are the matrons of America, she may well boast of illustrious -sons!" . . . . . - -Lafayette's report of his interview to his friends at Mt. Vernon was: -"I have seen the only Roman matron living at this day!" - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[35] By permission of author and publishers, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., -Boston. - - - - -AUGUSTA EVANS WILSON. - -~1835=----.~ - - -MRS. WILSON was born at Columbus, Georgia, but early removed to -Mobile, Alabama. Her first novel was "Inez: a Tale of the Alamo," -published in 1855. She was married to Mr. L. M. Wilson of Mobile in -1868, and they had a delightful suburban home at Spring Hill. Since -Mr. Wilson's death, she resides in Mobile. Her novels, especially "St. -Elmo," have made a great sensation in the reading world: they evince -great ability and learning. See Miss Rutherford's "American Authors." - - -WORKS. - - Inez: a Tale of the Alamo. - Macaria. - Vashti. - At the Mercy of Tiberius. - Beulah. - St. Elmo. - Infelice. - -"_St. Elmo_ contains a description of that marvel of oriental -architecture, the Taj Mahal at Agra in India,--a marble tomb erected -to perpetuate the name of Noormahal, whom Tom Moore has immortalized -in his 'Lalla Rookh.' A recent traveller visiting Agra in 1891 writes -that he was surprised to find a Parsee boy almost in the shadow of the -Taj Mahal reading a copy of the London edition of Mrs. Wilson's -_Vashti_. . . . Her style has been severely criticised as pedantic, -but certainly this charge may with equal justice be brought against -George Meredith, Bulwer, and George Eliot, and it is well established -that Mrs. Wilson's books have in many instances stimulated her young -readers to study history, mythology, and the sciences, from which she -so frequently draws her illustrations."--Miss Rutherford. - - -A LEARNED AND INTERESTING CONVERSATION. - -(_From St. Elmo._[36]) - -Edna had risen to leave the room when the master of the house entered, -but at his request resumed her seat and continued reading. - -After searching the shelves unavailingly, he glanced over his shoulder -and asked: - -"Have you seen my copy of De Guérin's Centaur anywhere about the -house? I had it a week ago." - -"I beg your pardon, sir, for causing such a fruitless search; here is -the book. I picked it up on the front steps where you were reading a -few evenings since, and it opened at a passage that attracted my -attention." - -She closed the volume and held it toward him, but he waved it back. - -"Keep it if it interests you. I have read it once, and merely wished -to refer to a particular passage. Can you guess what sentence most -frequently recurs to me? If so, read it to me." - -He drew a chair close to the hearth and lighted his cigar. - -Hesitatingly Edna turned the leaves. - -"I am afraid, sir, that my selection will displease you." - -"I will risk it, as, notwithstanding your flattering opinion to the -contrary, I am not altogether so unreasonable as to take offense at a -compliance with my own request." - -Still she shrank from the task he imposed, and her fingers toyed with -the scarlet fuchsias; but after eyeing her for a while, he leaned -forward and pushed the glass bowl beyond her reach. - -"Edna, I am waiting." - -"Well, then, Mr. Murray, I should think that these two passages would -impress you with peculiar force." - -Raising the book, she read with much emphasis: - -"'Thou pursuest after wisdom, O Melampus! which is the science of the -will of the gods; _and thou roamest from people to people, like a -mortal driven by the destinies_. In the times when I kept my -night-watches before the caverns, I have sometimes believed that I was -about to surprise the thoughts of the sleeping Cybele, and that the -mother of the gods, betrayed by her dreams, would let fall some of her -secrets. But I have never yet made out more than sounds which faded -away in the murmur of night, or words inarticulate as the bubbling of -the rivers.' . . . 'Seekest thou to know the gods, O Macareus! and -from what source, men, animals, and elements of the universal fire -have their origin? The aged ocean, the father of all things, keeps -locked within his own breast these secrets; and the nymphs who stand -around sing as they weave their eternal dance before him, to cover any -sound which might escape from his lips, half opened by slumber. -Mortals dear to the gods for their virtue have received from their -hands lyres to give delight to man, or the seeds of new plants to make -him rich, but from their inexorable lips--nothing!' - -"Mr. Murray, am I correct in my conjecture?" - -"Quite correct," he answered, smiling grimly. - -Taking the book from her hand he threw it on the table, and tossed his -cigar into the grate, adding in a defiant, challenging tone: - -"The mantle of Solomon did not fall at Le Cayla on the shoulders of -Maurice de Guérin. After all he was a wretched hypochondriac, and a -tinge of _le cahier vert_ doubtless crept into his eyes." - -"Do you forget, sir, that he said, 'When one is a wanderer, one feels -that one fulfils the true condition of humanity?' and that among his -last words are these, 'The stream of travel is full of delight. Oh! -who will set me adrift on this Nile?'" - -"Pardon me if I remind you, _par parenthèse_, of the preliminary and -courteous _En garde!_ which should be pronounced before a thrust. De -Guérin felt starved in Languedoc, and no wonder! But had he penetrated -every nook and cranny of the habitable globe, and traversed the vast -zaarahs which science accords the universe, he would have died at last -as hungry as Ugolino. I speak advisedly; for the true Io gad-fly, -_ennui_, has stung me from hemisphere to hemisphere, across -tempestuous oceans, scorching deserts, and icy mountain ranges. I have -faced alike the bourrans of the steppes, and the Samieli of Shamo, and -the result of my vandal life is best epitomized in those grand but -grim words of Bossuet: '_On trouve au fond du tout le vide et le -néant!_' Nineteen years ago, to satisfy my hunger, I set out to hunt -the daintiest food this world could furnish, and, like other fools, -have learned finally, that life is but a huge mellow golden Ösher, -that mockingly sifts its bitter dust upon our eager lips. Ah! truly, -_on trouve au fond du tout le vide et le néant_!" - -"Mr. Murray, if you insist upon your bitter Ösher simile, why shut -your eyes to the palpable analogy suggested? Naturalists assert that -the Solanum, or apple of Sodom, contains in its normal state neither -dust nor ashes; unless it is punctured by an insect, (the Tenthredo), -which converts the whole of the inside into dust, leaving nothing but -the rind entire, without any loss of color. Human life is as fair and -tempting as the fruit of 'Ain Jidy,' till stung and poisoned by the -Tenthredo of sin." - -All conceivable _suaviter in modo_ characterized his mocking -countenance and tone, as he inclined his haughty head and asked: - -"Will you favor me by lifting on the point of your dissecting knife -this stinging sin of mine to which you refer? The noxious brood swarm -so teasingly about my ears that they deprive me of your cool, clear, -philosophic discrimination. Which particular Tenthredo of the buzzing -swarm around my spoiled apple of life would you advise me to select -for my _anathema maranatha_?" - -"Of your history, sir, I am entirely ignorant; and even if I were not, -I should not presume to levy a tax upon it in discussions with you; -for, however vulnerable you may possibly be, I regard an _argumentum -ad hominem_ as the weakest weapon in the armory of dialectics--a -weapon too often dipped in the venom of personal malevolence. I merely -gave expression to my belief that miserable useless lives are sinful -lives." . . . - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[36] By permission of the author, and of the publisher, G. W. -Dillingham, N. Y. - - - - -DANIEL BEDINGER LUCAS. - -~1836=----.~ - - -DANIEL BEDINGER LUCAS is a native of Charlestown, West Virginia, and -has reputation as a lawyer, orator, and judge. He was a soldier in the -Confederate Army and wrote his fine and best known poem, "The Land -Where We Were Dreaming," in 1865. He has served in the State -Legislature. His sister was also a poet and her verses are included in -the "Wreath of Eglantine." - - -WORKS. - - Memoir of John Yates Bell. - Maid of Northumberland. - Ballads and Madrigals. - Wreath of Eglantine, and other Poems. - - -THE LAND WHERE WE WERE DREAMING. - -(_From The Land We Love._[37]) - - Fair were our nation's visions, and as grand - As ever floated out of fancy-land; - Children were we in simple faith, - But god like children, whom nor death - Nor threat of danger drove from honor's path-- - In the land where we were dreaming. - - Proud were our men as pride of birth could render, - As violets our women pure and tender; - And when they spoke, their voices' thrill - At evening hushed the whip poor-will, - At morn the mocking bird was mute and still, - In the land where we were dreaming. - - And we had graves that covered more of glory - Than ever taxed the lips of ancient story; - And in our dream we wove the thread - Of principles for which had bled - And suffered long our own immortal dead, - In the land where we were dreaming. - - . . . . . . . - - Our sleep grew troubled, and our dreams grew wild; - Red meteors flashed across our heaven's field, - Crimson the moon, between the Twins - Barbed arrows flew in circling lanes - Of light, red comets tossed their fiery manes - O'er the land where we were dreaming. - - . . . . . . . - - A figure came among us as we slept-- - At first he knelt, then slowly rose and wept; - Then gathering up a thousand spears, - He swept across the field of Mars, - Then bowed farewell, and walked among the start, - From the land where we were dreaming. - -[Illustration: [Handwriting: T. J. Jackson, LtGnrl.]] - - We looked again--another figure still - Gave hope, and nerved each individual will; - Erect he stood, as clothed with power, - Self-poised, he seemed to rule the hour - With firm, majestic sway--of strength a tower-- - In the land where we were dreaming. - - As, while great Jove, in bronze, a warder god, - Gazed eastward from the Forum where he stood, - Rome felt herself secure and free-- - So, Richmond! we on guard for thee, - Beheld a bronzèd hero, god-like Lee, - In the land where we were dreaming. - - . . . . . . . - - Woe! woe is us! the startled mothers cried; - While we have slept, our noble sons have died. - Woe! woe is us! how strange and sad, - That all our glorious visions fled - Have left us nothing real but our dead - In the land where we were dreaming. - - "And are they really dead, our martyred slain?" - No, dreamers! Morn shall bid them rise again - From every plain, from every height - On which they seemed to die for right; - Their gallant spirits shall renew the fight - In the land where we were dreaming. - - . . . . . . . - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[37] By permission of the author. - - - - -JAMES RYDER RANDALL. - -~1839=----.~ - - -JAMES RYDER RANDALL was born in Baltimore, and his fame rests upon his -stirring war-song, "Maryland, my Maryland," which has been called the -"Marseillaise of the Confederacy." It was written in 1861 and set by -Mrs. Burton Harrison to the tune of the old college song "Lauriger -Horatius," on the wings of which it quickly flew all over the South. - -His profession is that of an editor, and his delicate health has -compelled his residence in a warmer latitude than his native city, in -Louisiana and Georgia. - - -WORKS. - - Fugitive Poems: - Maryland, My Maryland, - Sole Sentry, - Arlington, - Cameo Bracelet, and others. - - -MY MARYLAND. - - The despot's heel is on thy shore, - Maryland! - His torch is at thy temple door, - Maryland! - Avenge the patriotic gore - That flecked the streets of Baltimore, - And be the battle-queen of yore, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - Hark to an exiled son's appeal, - Maryland! - My Mother-State, to thee I kneel, - Maryland! - For life and death, for woe and weal, - Thy peerless chivalry reveal, - And gird thy beauteous limbs with steel, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - Thou wilt not cower in the dust, - Maryland! - Thy beaming sword shall never rust, - Maryland! - Remember Carroll's sacred trust, - Remember Howard's warlike thrust, - And all thy slumberers with the just, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - Come! 'tis the red dawn of the day, - Maryland! - Come with thy panoplied array, - Maryland! - With Ringgold's spirit for the fray, - With Watson's blood at Monterey, - With fearless Lowe and dashing May, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - Dear Mother! burst the tyrant's chain, - Maryland! - Virginia should not call in vain, - Maryland! - She meets her sisters on the plain,-- - "_Sic semper!_" 'tis the proud refrain, - That baffles minions back amain, - Maryland! - Arise in majesty again, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - Come! for thy shield is bright and strong, - Maryland! - Come! for thy dalliance does thee wrong, - Maryland! - Come to thine own heroic throng - Walking with Liberty along, - And chant thy dauntless slogan-song, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - I see the blush upon thy cheek, - Maryland! - For thou wast ever bravely meek, - Maryland! - But lo! there surges forth a shriek, - From hill to hill, from creek to creek, - Potomac calls to Chesapeake, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - Thou wilt not yield the Vandal toll, - Maryland! - Thou wilt not crook to his control, - Maryland! - Better the fire upon thee roll, - Better the shot, the blade, the bowl, - Than crucifixion of the soul, - Maryland, my Maryland! - - I hear the distant thunder hum, - Maryland! - The Old Line's bugle, fife, and drum, - Maryland! - She is not dead, nor deaf, nor dumb; - Huzza! she spurns the Northern scum,-- - She breathes! She burns! She'll come! She'll Come! - Maryland, my Maryland! - -Written 1861. - - - - -ABRAM JOSEPH RYAN. - -~1839=1886.~ - - -FATHER RYAN, "the poet-priest," was born in Norfolk, Virginia, but -passed most of his life farther south. He lived in New Orleans, -Knoxville, Augusta, and Mobile. His death occurred in Louisville, -Kentucky. His patriotic poems are among the best known and most -admired that the South has produced; his religious poems evince a sad -view of human life together with an exalted adoration of the Divine -Will. - - -WORKS. - - Poems. - Life of Christ, [unfinished]. - Some Aspects of Modern Civilization, [a lecture]. - -To our great regret, we have not been permitted by the publishers to -copy any of Father Ryan's poems. Every one is familiar with his -"Conquered Banner," and "Sword of Lee"; the "Song of the Mystic" is -one of his most beautiful productions. - - - - -WILLIAM GORDON McCABE. - -~1841=----.~ - - -WILLIAM GORDON MCCABE was born near Richmond, and educated at the -University of Virginia. He was a captain in the Confederate service; -and since the war he has had at Petersburg one of the best schools -preparatory to the University. He is a poet, and has also edited -several Latin authors for school use. - - -WORKS. - - Ballads of Battle and Bravery. - Defence of Petersburg. - - -DREAMING IN THE TRENCHES.[38] - - I picture her there in the quaint old room, - Where the fading fire-light starts and falls, - Alone in the twilight's tender gloom - With the shadows that dance on the dim-lit walls. - - Alone, while those faces look silently down - From their antique frames in a grim repose-- - Slight scholarly Ralph in his Oxford gown, - And stanch Sir Alan, who died for Montrose. - - There are gallants gay in crimson and gold, - There are smiling beauties with powdered hair, - But she sits there, fairer a thousand-fold, - Leaning dreamily back in her low arm-chair. - - And the roseate shadows of fading light - Softly clear steal over the sweet young face, - Where a woman's tenderness blends to-night - With the guileless pride of a haughty race. - - Her hands lie clasped in a listless way - On the old _Romance_--which she holds on her knee-- - _Of Tristram_, the bravest of knights in the fray, - _And Iseult_, who waits by the sounding sea. - - And her proud, dark eyes wear a softened look - As she watches the dying embers fall-- - Perhaps she dreams of the knight in the book, - Perhaps of the pictures that smile on the wall. - - What fancies I wonder are thronging her brain, - For her cheeks flush warm with a crimson glow! - Perhaps--ah! me, how foolish and vain! - But I'd give my life to believe it so! - - Well, whether I ever march home again - To offer my love and a stainless name, - Or whether I die at the head of my men,-- - I'll be true to the end all the same. - -_Petersburg Trenches, 1864._ - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[38] By permission of the author. - - - - -SIDNEY LANIER. - -~1842=1881.~ - - -SIDNEY LANIER was born in Macon, Georgia, descended from a line of -artist ancestors, through whom he inherited great musical ability. He -was educated at Oglethorpe College, being graduated in 1860. He and -his brother Clifford entered the Confederate Army together in 1861 and -served through the war; but the exposure and hardships and -imprisonment developed consumption which finally caused his death. - -After the war he lived for two years in Alabama as a clerk and a -teacher; but his health failed and he was forced to return home where -he practised law with his father till 1873. Then deciding to devote -himself to music and poetry, he went to Baltimore where he was engaged -as first flute in the Peabody Symphony Concerts and in 1879 as -lecturer on English Literature in Johns Hopkins University. His dread -disease never relaxed and he was often obliged to quit work and go to -Florida, North Carolina, Georgia, and Pennsylvania in search of -strength. His death occurred at Lynn, Polk County, North Carolina, on -his last quest for strength and life with which to continue the work -he so much loved. - -His "Science of English Verse" is said to be a new and valuable -addition to the study of poetry. His poems belong to the new order of -thought and life. His "Tiger-Lilies" is a prose-poem, written in three -weeks just after the war and laid in the mountains of Tennessee and on -the eastern shore of Virginia where he was stationed. "Beauty is -holiness, and holiness is beauty," was his favorite remark on the -subject of Art. His work and influence are growing in importance in -the regard of students. - -In 1876 he was invited to write the poem for the Centennial -Exposition; and the "Meditation of Columbia," composed with the -musical expression always in mind,--and so too it should be read,--was -the grand Ode that graced the opening day at Philadelphia. See under -_Waitman Barbe_. - - -WORKS. - -POEMS: - -Edited by his wife, Mary Day Lanier, with a Memorial by William Hayes -Ward. - - Tiger Lilies, [novel]. - Florida: its Scenery, Climate, and History. - English Novel and Principles of Its Development. - Science of English Verse. - Boy's Froissart. - Boy's King Arthur. - Boy's Mabinogion. - Boy's Percy. - - -SONG OF THE CHATTAHOOCHEE. - -(_From Poems._[39]) - - Out of the hills of Habersham, - Down the valleys of Hall, - I hurry amain to reach the plain, - Run the rapid and leap the fall, - Split at the rock and together again, - Accept my bed, or narrow or wide, - And flee from folly on every side - With a lover's pain to attain the plain - Far from the hills of Habersham, - Far from the valleys of Hall. - - All down the hills of Habersham, - All though the valleys of Hall, - The rushes cried, _Abide, abide_, - The willful waterweeds held me thrall, - The laving laurel turned my tide, - The ferns and the fondling grass said _Stay_, - The dewberry dipped for to work delay, - And the little reeds sighed _Abide, abide, - Here in the hills of Habersham, - Here in the valleys of Hall_. - - High o'er the hills of Habersham, - Veiling the valleys of Hall, - The hickory told me manifold - Fair tales of shade, the poplar tall - Wrought me her shadowy self to hold, - The chestnut, the oak, the walnut, the pine, - Overleaning, with flickering meaning and sign, - Said, _Pass not, so cold, these manifold - Deep shades of the hills of Habersham, - These glades in the valleys of Hall_. - - And oft in the hills of Habersham, - And oft in the valleys of Hall, - The white quartz shone, and the smooth brook-stone - Did bar me of passage with friendly brawl, - And many a luminous jewel lone, - --Crystals clear or a-cloud with mist, - Ruby, garnet, and amethyst-- - Made lures with the lights of streaming stone - In the clefts of the hills of Habersham, - In the beds of the valleys of Hall. - - But oh, not the hills of Habersham, - And oh, not the valleys of Hall - Avail: I am fain for to water the plain, - Downward the voices of Duty call-- - Downward, to toil and be mixed with the main, - The dry fields burn, and the mills are to turn, - And a myriad flowers mortally yearn, - And the lordly main from beyond the plain - Calls o'er the hills of Habersham, - Calls through the valleys of Hall. - -1877. - - -WHAT IS MUSIC? - -Music is Love in search of a word. - - -THE TIDE RISING IN THE MARSHES. - -(_From The Marshes of Glynn._[40]) - - Ye marshes, how candid and simple and nothing-withholding and free - Ye publish yourselves to the sky and offer yourselves to the sea! - Tolerant plains, that suffer the sea and the rains and the sun, - Ye spread and span like the catholic man who hath mightily won - God out of knowledge and good out of infinite pain - And sight out of blindness and purity out of a stain. - - As the marsh-hen secretly builds on the watery sod, - Behold I will build me a nest on the greatness of God; - I will fly in the greatness of God as the marsh-hen flies - In the freedom that fills all the space 'twixt the marsh and the skies: - By so many roots as the marsh-grass sends in the sod - I will heartily lay me a-hold on the greatness of God: - Oh, like to the greatness of God is the greatness within - The range of the marshes, the liberal marshes of Glynn. - - And the sea lends large, as the marsh: and lo, out of his plenty, - the sea - Pours fast: full soon the time of the flood-tide must be: - Look how the grace of the sea doth go - About and about through the intricate channels that flow - Here and there, - Everywhere, - Till his waters have flooded the uttermost creeks and the low-lying - lanes, - And the marsh is meshed with a million veins, - That like as with rosy and silvery essences flow - In the rose-and-silver evening glow. - Farewell, my lord Sun! - The creeks overflow: a thousand rivulets run - 'Twixt the roots of the sod; the blades of the marsh-grass stir; - Passeth a hurrying sound of wings that westward whirr; - Passeth, and all is still; and the currents cease to run; - And the sea and the marsh are one. - - How still the plains of the waters be! - The tide is in his ecstasy. - The tide is at his highest height: - And it is night. - - And now from the Vast of the Lord will the waters of sleep - Roll in on the souls of men, - But who will reveal to our waking ken - The forms that swim and the shapes that creep - Under the waters of sleep? - And I would I could know what swimmeth below when the tide comes in - On the length and the breadth of the marvellous marshes of Glynn. - -1878. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[39] By permission of Mrs. Lanier, and Charles Scribner's Sons, N. Y. - -[40] By permission of Mrs. Lanier, and Charles Scribner's Sons, N. Y. - - - - -JAMES LANE ALLEN. - - -JAMES LANE ALLEN is one of the best and most successful of the living -writers of the South. He is a Kentuckian, and his sketches and stories -have so far all dealt with life in his native State. - - -WORKS. - - Life in the Blue Grass. - White Cowl. - Flute and Violin, and other stories. - John Gray. - Sister Dolorosa. - A Kentucky Cardinal (1895). - - -SPORTS OF A KENTUCKY SCHOOL IN 1795. - -(_From John Gray, a Kentucky Tale of the Olden Time._[41]) - -A strange mixture of human life there was in Gray's school. There were -the native little Kentuckians, born in the wilderness--the first wild, -hardy generation of new people; and there were the little folk from -Virginia, from Tennessee, from North Carolina, and from Pennsylvania -and other sources, huddled together, some rude, some gentle, and -starting out now to be formed into the men and women of the Kentucky -that was to be. - -They had their strange, sad, heroic games and pastimes, those -primitive children under his guidance. Two little girls would be -driving the cows home about dusk; three little boys would play Indian -and capture them and carry them off; the husbands of the little girls -would form a party to the rescue; the prisoners would drop pieces of -their dresses along the way; and then at a certain point of the -woods--it being the dead of night now, and the little girls being -bound to a tree, and the Indians having fallen asleep beside their -smouldering camp-fires--the rescuers would rush in, and there would be -whoops and shrieks, and the taking of scalps, and a happy return. - -Or, some settlement would be shut up in a fort besieged. Days would -pass. The only water was a spring outside the walls, and around this -the enemy skulked in the corn and grass. But the warriors must not -perish of thirst. So, with a prayer, a tear, a final embrace, the -little women marched out through the gates to the spring, in the very -teeth of death, and brought back water in their wooden dinner-buckets. - -Or, when the boys would become men with contests of running, and -pitching quoits, and wrestling, the girls would play wives and have a -quilting in a house of green alder-bushes, or be capped and wrinkled -grandmothers sitting beside imaginary spinning-wheels and smoking -imaginary pipes. - -Sometimes it was not Indian warfare, but civil strife. For one morning -as many as three Daniel Boones appeared on the playground at the same -moment; and at once there was a fierce battle to ascertain which was -the genuine Daniel. This being decided, the spurious Daniels submitted -to be the one Simon Kenton, the other General George Rogers Clarke. - -This was to be a great day for what he called his class in history. -Thirteen years before, and forty miles away, had occurred the most -dreadful of all the battles--the disaster of the Blue Licks; and in -town were many mothers who yet wept for sons, widows who yet dreamed -of young husbands, fallen that beautiful August day beneath the oaks -and cedars, or floating down the red-dyed river. - -It was this that he had promised to tell them at noon; and a little -after twelve o'clock he was standing with them on the bank of the Town -Fork, in order to give vividness to his description. This stream flows -unseen beneath the streets of the city [Lexington] now, and with -scarce current enough to wash out its grimy channels; but then it -flashed broad and clear through the long valley which formed the town -common--a valley of scattered houses with orchards and corn-fields and -patches of cane. - -A fine poetic picture he formed as he stood there amid their eager -upturned faces, bare-headed under the cool brilliant sky of May, and -reciting to them, as a prose-minstrel of the wilderness, the deeds of -their fathers. - -This Town Fork of the Elkhorn, he said, must represent the Licking -River. On that side were the Indians; on this, the pioneers, a crowd -of foot and horse. There stretched the ridge of rocks, made bare by -the stamping of the buffalo; here was the clay they licked for salt. -In that direction headed the two ravines in which Boone had feared an -ambuscade. And thus variously having made ready for battle, and -looking down for a moment into the eyes of a freckly impetuous little -soul who was the Hotspur of the playground, he repeated the cry of -McGary, which had been the signal for attack: - -"Let all who are not cowards follow me!" - -[Hereupon the soldiers plunged through the river, not seeing the -Indians nor even knowing where they were; and in a few minutes they -were attacked and completely routed by the Indians who were concealed -in the woods and ravines of the other bank, as Boone had feared. -Boone's son was killed, and he himself narrowly escaped by dashing -through one of the ravines and swimming the river lower down. The -slaughter in the river was great, and the pursuit was continued for -twenty miles. Never had Kentucky experienced so fatal a blow as that -at the Blue Licks.--L. M.] - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[41] By permission of J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia. - - - - -JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS. - -~1848=----.~ - - -JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS was born in Eatonton, Georgia, and is a lawyer: -but he has devoted much time of late years to literature, and is now -one of the editors of the "Atlanta Constitution." - -[Illustration: ~Arkansas Industrial University, Fayetteville, -Washington County, Ark.~] - -His dialect stories of "Uncle Remus" are a faithful reproduction of -the popular tales of the old negroes of South Carolina, Georgia, and -Alabama; for the negro dialect varies in the different States. Mr. -Harris' books have made these tales known in England. - -"On the Plantation" is said to be autobiographical; it is a story of a -boy's life during the war, well and simply told. - - -WORKS. - - Uncle Remus: His Songs and His Sayings. - Nights with Uncle Remus. - On the Plantation. - Little Mr. Thimblefinger. - Mingo, and other Sketches. - Free Joe, and other Georgian Sketches. - Daddy Jake, the Runaway, and Short Stories Told after Dark. - - -THE TAR-BABY. - -(_From Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayings._[42]) - -"Didn't the fox _never_ catch the rabbit, Uncle Remus?" asked the -little boy the next evening. - -"He come mighty nigh it, honey, sho's you bawn--Brer Fox did. One day -atter Brer Rabbit fool 'im wid dat calamus root, Brer Fox went ter wuk -en got 'im some tar, en mix it wid some turkentine, en fix up a -contrapshun w'at he call a Tar-Baby, en he tuk dish yer Tar-Baby en he -sot 'er in de big road, en den he lay off in de bushes fer to see w'at -de news wuz gwineter be. En he didn't hatter wait long, nudder, kaze -bimeby here come Brer Rabbit pacin' down de road--lippity-clippity, -clippity-lippity--dez ez sassy ez a jay-bird. Brer Fox, he lay low. -Brer Rabbit come prancin' 'long twel he spy de Tar-Baby, en den he -fotch up on his behine legs like he wuz 'stonished. De Tar-Baby, she -sot dar, she did, en Brer Fox, he lay low. - -"'Mawnin'!' says Brer Rabbit, sezee--'nice wedder dis mawnin',' sezee. - -"Tar-Baby ain't sayin' nuthin', en Brer Fox, he lay low. - -"'How duz yo' sym'tums seem ter segashuate?' sez Brer Rabbit, sezee. - -"Brer Fox, he wink his eye slow, en lay low, en de Tar-Baby, she ain't -sayin' nuthin'. - -"'How you come on, den? Is you deaf?' sez Brer Rabbit, sezee. 'Kaze if -you is, I kin holler louder,' sezee. - -"Tar-Baby stay still, en Brer Fox, he lay low. - -"'Youer stuck up, dat's w'at you is,' says Brer Rabbit, sezee, 'en I'm -gwineter kyore you, dat's w'at I'm a gwineter do,' sezee. - -"Brer Fox, he sorter chuckle in his stummuck, he did, but Tar-Baby -ain't sayin' nuthin'. - -"'I'm gwineter larn you howter talk ter 'specttubble fokes ef hit's de -las' ack,' sez Brer Rabbit, sezee. 'Ef you don't take off dat hat en -tell me howdy, I'm gwineter bus' you wide open,' sezee. - -"Tar-Baby stay still, en Brer Fox, he lay low. - -"Brer Rabbit keep on axin' 'im, en de Tar-Baby, she keep on sayin' -nuthin', twel present'y Brer Rabbit draw back wid his fis', he did, en -blip he tuck 'er side er de head. Right dar's where he broke his -merlasses jug. His fis' stuck, en he can't pull loose. De tar hilt -'im. But Tar-Baby, she stay still, en Brer Fox, he lay low. - -"'Ef you don't lemme loose, I'll knock you agin,' sez Brer Rabbit, -sezee, en wid dat he fotch 'er a wipe wid de udder han', en dat stuck. -Tar-Baby, she ain't sayin' nuthin', en Brer Fox, he lay low. - -"'Tu'n me loose, fo' I kick de nat'al stuffin' outen you,' sez Brer -Rabbit, sezee, but de Tar-Baby, she ain't sayin' nuthin'. She des hilt -on, en den Brer Rabbit lose de use er his feet in de same way. Brer -Fox, he lay low. Den Brer Rabbit squall out dat ef de Tar-Baby don't -tu'n 'im loose he butt 'er cranksided. En den he butted, en his head -got stuck. Den Brer Fox, he sa'ntered fort', lookin' dez ez innercent -ez wunner yo' mammy's mockin'-birds. - -"'Howdy, Brer Rabbit,' sez Brer Fox, sezee. 'You look sorter stuck up -dis mawnin',' sezee, en den he rolled on de groun', en laft en laft -twel he couldn't laff no mo'. 'I speck you'll take dinner wid me dis -time, Brer Rabbit. I done laid in some calamus root, en I ain't -gwineter take no skuse,' sez Brer Fox, sezee." - -Here Uncle Remus paused, and drew a two-pound yam out of the ashes. - -"Did the fox eat the rabbit?" asked the little boy to whom the story -had been told. - -"Dat's all de fur de tale goes," replied the old man. "He mout, en den -agin he moutent. Some say Jedge B'ar come 'long en loosed 'im,--some -say he didn't. I hear Miss Sally callin'. You better run 'long." - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[42] By permission of D. Appleton & Co, N. Y. - - - - -ROBERT BURNS WILSON. - -~1850=----.~ - - -ROBERT BURNS WILSON was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, but -removed early to Frankfort, Kentucky, where he devoted himself to -landscape painting. Some of his pictures attracted attention at the -New Orleans Exposition, 1884. His poems have appeared in magazines and -have been much admired for their musical flow of deep feeling and -fancy. - - -WORKS. - - Life And Love: Poems. - - -FAIR DAUGHTER OF THE SUN. - -(_From Life and Love._[43]) - - Hail! daughter of the sun! - White-robed and fair to see, where goest thou now - In haste from thy spiced garden? Hath thy brow, - Crowned with white blooms, begun - To grow a-weary of its flagrant wreath, - And do thy temples long to ache beneath - A gilded, iron crown? - Tak'st thou the glint of Mammon's glittering car - To be the gleam of some new-risen star-- - Yond clamor, for renown? - - Stay, lovely one, oh stay! - Within thy gates, love-garlanded, remain: - For love this Mammon seeks not, but for gain-- - He is the same alway. - This god in burnished tinsel, as of old, - Cares for no music save of clinking gold-- - All else to him is vain: - His heart is flint, his ears are dull as lead; - A crown of care he bringeth for thy head, - And for thy wrists a chain. - - Bide thou, oh goddess, stay! - Even in the gateway turn! The orange tree - Keeps still her snowy wreath of love for thee; - The jasmine's starry spray - Still waves thee back: O South! thy glory lies - In thine own sacred fields. There shall arise - Thy day, which fadeth not: - There--patient hands shall fill thy cup with wine, - There--hearts devoted, make thy name divine, - Their own hard fate forgot. - - -DEDICATION.--SONNET. - -TO ELIZABETH, MY MOTHER. - - The green Virginian hills were blithe in May, - And we were plucking violets--thou and I. - A transient gladness flooded earth and sky; - Thy fading strength seemed to return that day, - And I was mad with hope that God would stay - Death's pale approach--Oh! all hath long passed by! - Long years! long years! and now, I well know why - Thine eyes, quick-filled with tears, were turned away. - First loved; first lost; my mother: time must still - Leave my soul's debt uncancelled. All that's best - In me and in my art is thine:--Me-seems - Even now, we walk afield. Through good and ill, - My sorrowing heart forgets not, and in dreams, - I see thee, in the sun-lands of the blest. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[43] By permission of the author, and publishers, the Cassell -Publishing Co., N. Y. - - - - -"CHRISTIAN REID." - -FRANCES C. TIERNAN. - - -MRS. TIERNAN has written many novels of Southern life. She is a -daughter of Colonel Charles F. Fisher of Salisbury, North Carolina, -who was killed in the battle of Manassas. Her best known book, "The -Land of the Sky," describes a summer tour through the grand mountains -of her native State, taken before the railroads had penetrated them. - - -WORKS. - - Valerie Aylmer. - Mabel Lee. - Nina's Atonement. - Carmen's Inheritance. - Hearts and Hands. - Land of the Sky. - Heart of Steel. - Summer Idyl. - Roslyn's Fortune. - Morton House. - Ebb Tide. - Daughter of Bohemia. - A Gentle Belle. - A Question of Honor. - After Many Days. - Bonny Kate. - Armine. - Miss Churchill. - Land of the Sun (1895). - -[Illustration: ~Mt. Mitchell, N. C. Above the Clouds.~] - - -ASCENT OF MOUNT MITCHELL, BLACK MOUNTAIN, NORTH CAROLINA. - -(_From The Land of the Sky._[44]) - -The sun is shining brightly, and his golden lances light up the depths -of the forest into which we enter--an enchanted world of far-reaching -greenness, the stillness of which is only broken by the voice of the -streams which come down the gorges of the mountain in leaping -cascades. Few things are more picturesque than the appearance of a -cavalcade like ours following in single file the winding path (not -road) that leads into the marvelous, mysterious wilderness. When the -ascent fairly begins, the path is often like the letter S, and one -commands a view of the entire line--of horsemen in slouched hats and -gray coats, of ladies in a variety of attire, with water-proof cloaks -serving as riding-skirts, and hats garlanded with forest wreaths and -grasses. The guide tramps steadily ahead, leading the pack-horse, and -we catch a glimpse of his face now and then as he turns to answer some -question addressed to him. . . . . . . . - -"We wind up the side of the mountain like this for several miles," -says Eric, "then we travel along a ridge for some distance, and -finally we ascend the peak formerly called the Black Dome, now Mount -Mitchell. The whole distance is about twelve miles, and the most of it -is steady climbing." . . . . . . - -"And it was in this wilderness that Professor Mitchell lost his life -sixteen or seventeen years ago, was it not?" I ask. - -"Yes, Burnett [the guide] was one of the men engaged in the search for -him. He will tell you all about it. . ." - -The forest around us becomes wilder, greener, more luxuriant at every -step. . . . Presently, however, the aspect of our surroundings -changes. We leave this varied forest behind, and enter the region of -the balsam, from the dark color of which the mountain takes its name. -Above a certain line of elevation no trees are found save these -beautiful yet sombre firs. They grow to an immense height and stand so -thickly together that one marvels how any animal larger than a cat can -thread its way among their stems. Overhead the boughs interlock in a -canopy, making perpetual shade beneath. No shrubs of any kind are to -be found here--only beds of thick elastic moss, richer than the -richest velvet, and ferns in plumy profusion. . . . Dan Burnett leads -on, and presently we emerge on the largest and most beautiful of the -little prairies through which we have passed. This stretch of open -ground lies at the foot of the highest peak, the abrupt sides of which -rise in conical shape before us. It is here, Mr. Burnett tells us, -that the mountaineers who were searching for Professor Mitchell found -the first trace of the way he had taken. - -"We had been searchin' from Friday to Tuesday," he says, "and on -Tuesday we was pretty nigh disheartened, when Wilson--an old hunter -from over in Yancey--said he hadn't no doubt the professor had tried -to go down to Caney Valley by a trail they two had followed thirteen -years afore, and which leads that way"--he points down into the dark -wilds below us. "Well, we looked along the edge of this here prairie -till we found a track. Wilson was right--he _had_ tried to go down to -Caney Valley. We follered his trail fur about four mile, and I was one -of them what found him at last." - -"He had lost his way," says Eric. "I have seen the spot--they call it -Mitchell's Falls now--where he died. A stream of considerable size -plunges over a precipice of about forty feet into a basin fourteen -feet deep by as many wide. Into this he fell, probably at night." - -"But how was it possible to bring a dead body up these steeps?" Sylvia -says, addressing Mr. Burnett. - -"We brought it in a sheet slung to the top of stout poles," he -answers. "Then it were carried down to Asheville, and then brought up -again, and buried there"--he nods to the peak above us. - -"In the warmth of their great friendship and admiration, people -thought that he ought to rest in the midst of the scenes he had -explored so fearlessly and loved so well," says Eric. . . . Before -long we gain the top, and the first object on which our eyes rest -is--the grave. . . . . . . . - -Besides the grave, the summit is entirely bare. - -The view is so immense that one is forced to regard it in sections. -Far to the north east lies Virginia, from which the long waving line -of the Blue Ridge comes, and passes directly under the Black, making a -point of junction, near which it towers into the steep Pinnacle and -stately Graybeard--so called from the white beard which it wears when -a frozen cloud has iced its rhododendrons. From our greater eminence -we overlook the Blue Ridge entirely, and see the country below -spreading into azure distance, with white spots which resolve -themselves through the glasses into villages, and mountains clearly -defined. The Linville range--through which the Linville River forces -its way in a gorge of wonderful grandeur--is in full view, with a -misty cloud lying on the surface of Table Rock, while the peculiar -form of the Hawk's Bill stands forth in marked relief. Beyond, blue -and limitless as the ocean, the undulating plain of the more level -country extends until it melts into the sky. - -As the glance leaves this view, and, sweeping back over the Blue -Ridge, follows the main ledge of the Black, one begins to appreciate -the magnitude of this great mountain. For miles along its dark crest -appear a succession of cone-like peaks, and, as it sweeps around -westwardly, it divides into two great branches--one of which -terminates in the height on which we stand, while numerous spurs lead -off from its base; the other stretches southward, forming the splendid -chain of Craggy. At our feet lie the elevated counties of Yancey and -Mitchell, with their surfaces so unevenly mountainous that one wonders -how men could have been daring enough to think of making their homes -amid such wild scenes. . . . Beyond these counties stretches the chain -of the Unaka, running along the line of Tennessee, with the Roan -Mountain--famous for its extensive view over seven states--immediately -in our front. Through the passes and rugged chasms of this range, we -look across the entire valley of East Tennessee to where the blue -outlines of the Cumberland Mountains trend toward Kentucky, and we see -distinctly a marked depression which Eric says is Cumberland Gap. -Turning our gaze due westward, the view is, if possible, still more -grand. There the colossal masses of the Great Smoky stand, draped in a -mantle of clouds, while through Haywood and Transylvania, to the -borders of South Carolina, rise the peaks of the Balsam Mountains, -behind which are the Cullowhee and the Nantahala, with the Blue Ridge -making a majestic curve toward the point where Georgia touches the -Carolinas. . . . . - -It is enough to sit and watch the inexpressible beauty of the vast -prospect us afternoon slowly wanes into evening. There is a sense of -isolation, of solemnity and majesty, in the scene which none of us are -likely to forget. So high are we elevated above the world that the -pure vault of ether over our heads seems nearer to us than the blue -rolling earth, with its wooded hills and smiling valleys below. No -sound comes up to us, no voice of water or note of bird breaks the -stillness. We are in the region of that eternal silence which wraps -the summits of the "everlasting hills." A repose that is full of awe -broods over this lofty peak, which still retains the last rays of the -sinking sun, while over the lower world twilight has fallen. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[44] By permission of the author, and publishers, D. Appleton & Co., -N. Y. - - - - -HENRY WOODFEN GRADY. - -~1851=1889.~ - - -HENRY WOODFEN GRADY was born at Athens, Georgia, and educated at the -State University. He became an editor, and in 1880 purchased an -interest in the Atlanta "Constitution" on whose staff he remained till -his death. His articles, addresses, and editorials made his name well -known throughout the country, and contributed no little to the -development of Southern industries after the war. A monument has been -erected to him in Atlanta. - - -WORKS. - - The New South, [a series of articles]. - Editorials, addresses, &c. - - -THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WAR. - -(_From The New South, 1889._[45]) - -[Illustration: ~Grady Monument, Atlanta, Ga.~] - -_Master and Slave._--Perhaps no period of human history has been more -misjudged and less understood than the slaveholding era in the -South. Slavery as an institution cannot be defended; but its -administration was so nearly perfect among our forefathers as to -challenge and hold our loving respect. It is doubtful if the world has -seen a peasantry so happy and so well-to-do as the negro slaves in -America. The world was amazed at the fidelity with which these slaves -guarded, from 1861 to 1865, the homes and families of the masters who -were fighting with the army that barred their way to freedom. If -"Uncle Tom's Cabin" had portrayed the rule of slavery rather than the -rarest exception, not all the armies that went to the field could have -stayed the flood of rapine and arson and pillage that would have -started with the first gun of the civil war. Instead of that, witness -the miracle of the slave in loyalty to his master, closing the fetters -upon his own limbs--maintaining and defending the families of those -who fought against his freedom--and at night on the far-off -battle-field searching among the carnage for his young master, that he -might lift the dying head to his breast and bend to catch the last -words to the old folks at home, so wrestling the meantime in agony and -love that he would lay down his life in his master's stead. - -History has no parallel to the faith kept by the negro in the South -during the war. Often five hundred negroes to a single white man, and -yet through these dusky throngs the women and children walked in -safety, and the unprotected homes rested in peace. Unmarshalled, the -black battalions moved patiently to the fields in the morning to feed -the armies their idleness would have starved, and at night gathered -anxiously at the "big house to hear the news from marster," though -conscious that his victory made their chains enduring. Everywhere -humble and kindly. The body-guard of the helpless. The rough companion -of the little ones. The observant friend. The silent sentry in his -lowly cabin. The shrewd counsellor. And when the dead came home, a -mourner at the open grave. A thousand torches would have disbanded -every Southern army, but not one was lighted. When the master, going -to a war in which slavery was involved, said to his slave, "I leave my -home and loved ones in your charge," the tenderness between man and -master stood disclosed. - -The Northern man, dealing with casual servants, querulous, sensitive, -and lodged for a day in a sphere they resent, can hardly comprehend -the friendliness and sympathy that existed between the master and the -slave. He cannot understand how the negro stood in slavery days, -open-hearted and sympathetic, full of gossip and comradeship, the -companion of the hunt, frolic, furrow, and home, contented in the -kindly dependence that had been a habit of his blood, and never -lifting his eyes beyond the narrow horizon that shut him in with his -neighbors and friends. But this relation did exist in the days of -slavery. It was the rule of that _régime_. It has survived war, and -strife, and political campaigns in which the drum-beat inspired and -Federal bayonets fortified. It will never die until the last -slaveholder and slave has been gathered to rest. It is the glory of -our past in the South. It is the answer to abuse and slander. It is -the hope of our future. - -_Ante-bellum Civilization._--The relations of the races in slavery -must be clearly understood to understand what has followed, and to -judge of what is yet to come. Not less important is it to have some -clear idea of the civilization of that period. - -That was a peculiar society. Almost feudal in its splendor, it was -almost patriarchal in its simplicity. Leisure and wealth gave it -exquisite culture. Its wives and mothers, exempt from drudgery, and -almost from care, gave to their sons, through patient and constant -training, something of their own grace and gentleness and to their -homes beauty and light. Its people, homogeneous by necessity, held -straight and simple faith, and were religious to a marked degree along -the old lines of Christian belief. This same homogeneity bred a -hospitality that was as kinsmen to kinsmen, and that wasted at the -threshold of every home what the more frugal people of the North -conserved and invested in public charities. - -The code duello furnished the highest appeal in dispute. An affront to -a lad was answered at the pistol's mouth. The sense of quick -responsibility tempered the tongues of even the most violent, and the -newspapers of South Carolina for eight years, it is said, did not -contain one abusive word. The ownership of slaves, even more than of -realty, held families steadfast on their estates, and everywhere -prevailed the sociability of established neighborhoods. Money counted -least in making the social status, and constantly ambitious and -brilliant youngsters from no estate married into the families of the -planter princes. Meanwhile the one character utterly condemned and -ostracized was the man who was mean to his slaves. Even the coward was -pitied and might have been liked. For the cruel master there was no -toleration. - -The _ante-bellum_ society had immense force. Working under the slavery -which brought the suspicion or hostility of the world, and which -practically beleaguered it within walls, it yet accomplished good -things. For the first sixty-four years of the republic it furnished -the president for fifty-two years. Its statesmen demanded the war of -1812, opened it with but five Northern senators supporting it, and its -general, Jackson, won the decisive battle of New Orleans. It was a -Southern statesman who added the Louisiana territory of more than -1,000,000 square miles to our domain. Under a Southern statesman -Florida was acquired from Spain. Against the opposition of the free -States, the Southern influence forced the war with Mexico, and annexed -the superb empire of Texas, brought in New Mexico, and opened the -gates of the republic to the Pacific. Scott and Taylor, the heroes of -the Mexican war, were Southern men. In material, as in political -affairs, the old South was masterful. The first important railroad -operated in America traversed Carolina. The first steamer that crossed -the ocean cleared from Savannah. - -The first college established for girls was opened in Georgia. No -naturalist has surpassed Audubon; no geographer equalled Maury; and -Sims and McDonald led the world of surgery in their respective lines. -It was Crawford Long, of Georgia, who gave to the world the priceless -blessing of anæsthesia. - -The wealth accumulated by the people was marvellous. And, though it is -held that slavery enriched the few at the general expense, Georgia and -Carolina were the richest States, per capita, in the Union in 1800, -saving Rhode Island. Some idea of the desolation of the war may be had -from the fact that, in spite of their late remarkable recuperation, -they are now, excepting Idaho, the poorest States, per capita, in the -Union. So rich was the South in 1860, that Mr. Lincoln spoke but -common sentiment when he said: "If we let the South go, where shall we -get our revenues?" - -In its engaging grace--in the chivalry that tempered even Quixotism -with dignity--in the piety that saved master and slave alike--in the -charity that boasted not--in the honor held above estate--in the -hospitality that neither condescended nor cringed--in frankness and -heartiness and wholesome comradeship--in the reverence paid to -womanhood and the inviolable respect in which woman's name was -held--the civilization of the old slave _régime_ in the South has not -been surpassed, and perhaps will not be equalled, among men. - -And as the fidelity of the slave during the war bespoke the kindness -of the master before the war, so the unquestioning reverence with -which the young men of the South accepted, in 1865, their heritage of -poverty and defeat, proved the strength and excellence of the -civilization from which that heritage had come. In cheerfulness they -bestirred themselves amid the ashes and the wrecks, and, holding the -inspiration of their past to be better than their rich acres and -garnered wealth, went out to rebuild their fallen fortunes, with never -a word of complaint, nor the thought of criticism! - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[45] By permission of "New York Ledger," Robert Bonner's Sons, N. Y. - - - - -THOMAS NELSON PAGE. - -~1853=----.~ - - -THOMAS NELSON PAGE was born at "Oakland," Hanover County, Virginia, of -distinguished ancestry. He was educated at Washington and Lee -University, studied law, and settled in Richmond. His first writings -were poems and stories in the Virginia negro dialect, some of them in -connection with Armistead Churchill Gordon. He is now (1894) editor of -"The Drawer" in Harper's Monthly, and stands high as one of the -younger writers of our country. - - -WORKS. - - In Ole Virginia, [stories in negro dialect]. - Two Little Confederates. - Elsket, and other Stories. - Essays on the South, its literature, the Negro question, &c., in - magazines. - Befo' de Wa', (with A. C. Gordon). - On New Found River. - Pastime Stories, [written for "The Drawer"]. - Among the Camps, [stories]. - -[Illustration: ~Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mississippi.~] - -Mr. Page delineates finely the old Virginia darkey and his dialect, -as Mr. Harris does the darkey of the Carolinas and Georgia. There is a -marked difference between them. - -"The naturalness of his style, the skill with which he uses seemingly -indifferent incidents and sayings to trick out and light up his -pictures, the apparently unintentional and therefore most effective -touches of pathos, are uncommon." - - -MARSE CHAN'S LAST BATTLE. - -(_From Marse Chan: In Ole Virginia._[46]) - -"Well, jes' den dey blowed boots an' saddles, an' we mounted: an' de -orders come to ride 'roun' de slope, an' Marse Chan's comp'ny wuz de -secon', an' when we got 'roun' dyah, we wuz right in it. Hit wuz de -wust place ever dis nigger got in. An' dey said, 'Charge 'em!' an' my -king! ef ever you see bullets fly, dey did dat day. Hit wuz jes' like -hail; an' we wen' down de slope (I 'long wid de res') an' up de hill -right to'ds de cannons, an' de fire wuz so strong dyar (dey had a -whole rigiment of infintrys layin' down dyar onder de cannons) our -lines sort o' broke an' stop; de cun'l was kilt, an' I b'lieve dey wuz -jes' 'bout to bre'k all to pieces, when Marse Chan rid up an' cotch -hol' de fleg, an' hollers, 'Foller me!' and rid strainin' up de hill -'mong de cannons. - -"I seen 'im when he went, de sorrel four good lengths ahead o' ev'ry -urr hoss, jes' like he use' to be in a fox-hunt, an' de whole rigiment -right arfter 'im. Yo' ain' nuvver hear thunder! Fust thing I knowed, -de roan roll' head over heels an' flung me up 'g'inst de bank, like -yo' chuck a nubbin over 'g'inst de foot o' de corn pile. An' dat's -what kep' me from bein' kilt, I 'spects. Judy she say she think 'twuz -Providence, but I think 'twuz de bank. O' c'ose, Providence put de -bank dyah, but how come Providence nuver saved Marse Chan? - -"When I look 'roun' de roan wuz lyin' dyah by me, stone dead, wid a -cannon-ball gone 'mos' th'oo him, an' our men had done swep' dem on -t'urr side from de top o' de hill. 'Twan' mo'n a minit, de sorrel come -gallupin' back wid his mane flyin', an' de rein hangin' down on one -side to his knee. 'Dyar!' says I, 'fo' God! I 'spects dey done kill -Marse Chan, an' I promised to tek care on him.' - -"I jumped up an' run over de bank, an' dyar, wid a whole lot o' dead -men, an' some not dead yit, onder one o' de guns, wid de fleg still in -he han', an' a bullet right th'oo he body, lay Marse Chan. I tu'n him -over an' call him, 'Marse Chan!' but 'twan' no use, he wuz done gone -home, sho' 'nuff. I pick 'im up in my arms wid de fleg still in he -han's, an' toted' im back jes' like I did dat day when he wus a baby, -an' ole marster gin 'im to me in my arms, an' sez he could trus' me, -an' tell me to tek keer on 'im long ez he lived. - -"I kyar'd 'im 'way off de battle-fiel' out de way o' de balls, an' I -laid 'im down onder a big tree till I could git somebody to ketch the -sorrel for me. He wuz cotched arfter a while, an' I hed some money, so -I got some pine plank an' made a coffin dat evenin', an' wrapt Marse -Chan's body up in de fleg, and put 'im in de coffin; but I didn' nail -de top on strong, 'cause I knowed ole missis wan' see 'im; an' I got -a' ambulance, an' set out for home dat night. We reached dyar de nex' -evenin', arfter travellin' all dat night an' all nex' day." - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[46] By permission of author, and publishers, Charles Scribner's Sons, -N. Y. - - - - -MARY NOAILLES MURFREE. - -"CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK." - - -MISS MURFREE was born at "Grantlands," near Murfreesboro, Tennessee, -the family home inherited from her great-grandfather, Colonel Hardy -Murfree, for whom the town was named. Her youth was spent here and in -Nashville, the summers being passed in the Tennessee Mountains: -shortly after the Civil War, her father removed to St. Louis, and it -was there that she began to write. - -Her stories are laid mainly in the mountains of Tennessee and describe -vividly and truly the people, life, and exquisite scenery of that -region. - - -WORKS. - - In the Tennessee Mountains, [short stories]. - Down the Ravine. - In the Clouds. - Despot of Broomsedge Cove. - Phantoms of the Foot-Bridge. - Where the Battle Was Fought. - Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains. - Story of Keedon Bluffs. - In the "Stranger People's" Country. - - -THE "HARNT" THAT WALKS CHILHOWEE. - -(_From In the Tennessee Mountains._[47]) - -[Illustration: ~A Summer and Winter View of the University of -Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn.~] - -June had crossed the borders of Tennessee. Even on the summit of -Chilhowee Mountain the apples in Peter Giles' orchard were beginning -to redden, and his Indian corn, planted on so steep a declivity that -the stalks seemed to have much ado to keep their footing, was crested -with tassels and plumed with silk. Among the dense forests, seen by no -man's eye, the elder was flying its creamy banners in honor of June's -coming, and, heard by no man's ear, the pink and white bells of the -azalea rang out melodies of welcome. . . . . . . . - -Then the two men tilted their chairs against the little porch in front -of Peter Giles' log cabin, and puffed their pipes in silence. The -panorama spread out before them showed misty and dreamy among the -delicate spiral wreaths of smoke. But was that gossamer-like illusion, -lying upon the far horizon, the magic of nicotian, or the vague -presence of distant heights? As ridge after ridge came down from the -sky in ever-graduating shades of intenser blue, Peter Giles might have -told you that this parallel system of enchantment was only "the -mountings"; that here was Foxy, and there was Big Injun, and still -beyond was another, which he had "hearn tell ran spang up into -Virginny." The sky that bent to clasp this kindred blue was of varying -moods. Floods of sunshine submerged Chilhowee in liquid gold, and -revealed that dainty outline limned upon the northern horizon; but -over the Great Smoky mountains, clouds had gathered and a gigantic -rainbow bridged the valley. . . . . . . . . Simon Burney did not speak -for a moment. . . . "That's a likely gal o' yourn," he drawled, with -an odd constraint in his voice,--"a likely gal, that Clarsie." . . . - -"Yes," Peter Giles at length replied, "Clarsie air a likely enough -gal. But she air mightily sot ter havin' her own way. An' ef 't ain't -give to her peaceable-like, she jes' takes it, whether or no." - -This statement, made by one presumably informed on the subject, might -have damped the ardor of many a suitor,--for the monstrous truth was -dawning on Peter Giles's mind that suitor was the position to which -this slow elderly widower aspired. But Simon Burney, with that odd, -all-pervading constraint still prominently apparent, mildly observed, -"Waal, ez much ez I hev seen of her goin's-on, it 'pears ter me az her -way air a mighty good way. An' it ain't comical that she likes -it." . . . . . . . The song grew momentarily more distinct: among the -leaves there were fugitive glimpses of blue and white, and at last -Clarsie appeared, walking lightly along the log, clad in her checked -homespun dress, and with a pail upon her head. - -She was a tall lithe girl, with that delicately transparent complexion -often seen among the women of these mountains. Her lustreless black -hair lay along her forehead without a ripple or a wave; there was -something in the expression of her large eyes that suggested those of -a deer,--something free, untamable, and yet gentle. "'Tain't no wonder -ter me ez Clarsie is all tuk up with the wild things, an' critters -ginerally," her mother was wont to say; "she sorter looks like 'em, -I'm a-thinkin'." - -As she came in sight there was a renewal of that odd constraint in -Simon Burney's face and manner, and he rose abruptly. "Waal," he said, -hastily, going to his horse, a raw-boned sorrel, hitched to the fence, -"it's about time I war a-startin' home, I reckons." - -He nodded to his host, who silently nodded in return, and the old -horse jogged off with him down the road, as Clarsie entered the house -and placed the pail upon a shelf. - -. . . . . . . . . - -The breeze freshened, after the sun went down, . . . there were stars -in the night besides those known to astronomers; the stellular -fire-flies gemmed the black shadows with a fluctuating brilliancy; -they circled in and out of the porch, and touched the leaves above -Clarsie's head with quivering points of light. A steadier and an -intenser gleam was advancing along the road, and the sound of languid -footsteps came with it; the aroma of tobacco graced the atmosphere, -and a tall figure walked up to the gate. - -"Come in, come in," said Peter Giles, rising, and tendering the guest -a chair. "Ye air Tom Pratt, ez well ez I kin make out by this light. -Waal, Tom, we hain't furgot ye sence ye done been hyar." - -. . . . . . . . - -The young man took leave presently, in great depression of -spirits. . . . Clarsie ascended the ladder to a nook in the roof which -she called her room. - -For the first time in her life her slumber was fitful and restless, -long intervals of wakefulness alternating with snatches of fantastic -dreams. . . . And then her mind reverted to Tom Pratt, to old Simon -Burney, and to her mother's emphatic and oracular declaration that -widowers are in league with Satan, and that the girls upon whom they -cast the eye of supernatural fascination have no choice in the matter. -"I wish I knowed ef that thar sayin' war true," she murmured, her face -still turned to the western spurs, and the moon sinking slowly toward -them. - -With a sudden resolution she rose to her feet. She knew a way of -telling fortunes which was, according to tradition, infallible, and -she determined to try it, and ease her mind as to her future. Now was -the propitious moment. "I hev always hearn that it won't come true -'thout ye try it jes' before daybreak, an' kneelin' down at the forks -of the road." She hesitated a moment and listened intently. "They'd -never git done a-laffin' at me, ef they fund it out," she -thought. . . . [She went out into the road.] She fixed her eyes upon -the mystic sphere dropping down the sky, knelt among the azaleas at -the forks of the road, and repeated the time-honored invocation: "Ef -I'm a-goin' ter marry a young man, whistle, Bird, whistle. Ef I'm -a-goin' ter marry an old man, low, Cow, low. Ef I ain't a-goin' ter -marry nobody, knock, Death, knock." - -There was a prolonged silence in the matutinal freshness and perfume -of the woods. She raised her head, and listened attentively. No chirp -of half-awakened bird, no tapping of wood-pecker or the mysterious -death-watch; but from far along the dewy aisles of the forest, the -ungrateful Spot that Clarsie had fed more faithfully than herself, -lifted up her voice, and set the echoes vibrating. Clarsie, however, -had hardly time for a pang of disappointment. - -While she still knelt among the azaleas, her large deer-like eyes were -suddenly dilated with terror. From around the curve of the road came -the quick beat of hastening footsteps, the sobbing sound of panting -breath, and between her and the sinking moon there passed an -attenuated one-armed figure, with a pallid sharpened face, outlined -for a moment on its brilliant disk, and dreadful starting eyes, and -quivering open mouth. It disappeared in an instant among the shadows -of the laurel, and Clarsie, with a horrible fear clutching at her -heart, sprang to her feet. . . . the ghost stood before her. She could -not nerve herself to run past him, and he was directly in her way -homeward. - -. . . . . . . . . - -"Ye do ez ye air bid, or it'll be the worse for ye," said the "harnt" -in a quivering shrill tone. "Thar's hunger in the nex' worl' ez well -ez in this, an' ye bring me some vittles hyar this time ter-morrer, -an' don't ye tell nobody ye hev seen me, nuther, or it'll be the worse -for ye." . . . - -The next morning, before the moon sank, Clarsie, with a tin pail in -her hand, went to meet the ghost at the appointed place. . . . . . -Morning was close at hand. . . . . . the leaves fell into abrupt -commotion, and he was standing in the road, beside her. He did not -speak, but watched her with an eager, questioning intentness, as she -placed the contents of the pail upon the moss at the roadside. "I'm -a-comin' agin ter-morrer," she said, gently. . . . Then she slowly -walked along her misty way in the dim light of the coming dawn. There -was a footstep in the road behind her; she thought it was the ghost -once more. She turned, and met Simon Burney, face to face. His rod was -on his shoulder, and a string of fish was in his hand. - -"Ye air a-doin' wrongful, Clarsie," he said sternly. "It air agin the -law fur folks ter feed an' shelter them ez is a-runnin' from jestice. -An' ye'll git yerself inter trouble. Other folks will find ye out, -besides me, an' then the sheriff 'll be up hyar arter ye." - -The tears rose to Clarsie's eyes. This prospect was infinitely more -terrifying than the awful doom which follows the horror of a ghost's -speech. "I can't help it," she said, however, doggedly swinging the -pail back and forth. "I can't gin my consent ter starvin' of folks, -even if they air a-hidin' an' a-runnin' from jestice." . . . . - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[47] By permission of Houghton, Mifflin, and Company, Boston. - - - - -DANSKE DANDRIDGE. - -~1859=----.~ - - -MRS. DANDRIDGE was born in Copenhagen, when her father, Honorable -Henry Bedinger, was minister to Denmark. In 1877 she was married to -Mr. Stephen Dandridge of Shepherdstown, West Virginia. Her first name, -Danske, is the pretty Danish word for Dane, and is pronounced in two -syllables. - - -WORKS. - - Joy, and other Poems. - -Mrs. Dandridge's poems are as dainty and airy as if the elves -themselves had led her to their bowers and discovered to her their -secrets; and this is truly what her poetic sense has done, for the -poet is a seer and singer of the secrets of nature. - - -THE SPIRIT AND THE WOOD SPARROW. - -(_From Joy, and other Poems._[48]) - - 'Twas long ago: - The place was very fair; - And from a cloud of snow - A spirit of the air - Dropped to the earth below. - It was a spot by man untrod, - Just where - I think is only known to God. - The spirit, for a while, - Because of beauty freshly made - Could only smile; - Then grew the smiling to a song, - And as he sang he played - Upon a moonbeam-wired cithole - Shaped like a soul. - - There was no ear - Or far or near, - Save one small sparrow of the wood, - That song to hear. - This, in a bosky tree, - Heard all, and understood - As much as a small sparrow could - By sympathy. - 'Twas a fair sight - That morn of Spring, - When on the lonely height, - The spirit paused to sing, - Then through the air took flight - Still lilting on the wing. - And the shy bird, - Who all had heard, - Straightway began - To practice o'er the lovely strain; - Again, again; - Though indistinct and blurred, - He tried each word, - Until he caught the last far sounds that fell - Like the faint tinkles of a fairy bell. - - Now when I hear that song, - Which has no earthly tone, - My soul is carried with the strain along - To the everlasting Throne; - To bow in thankfulness and prayer, - And gain fresh faith, and love, and patience, there. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[48] By permission of the author, and publishers. G. P. Putnam's Sons, -N. Y. - - - - -AMÉLIE RIVES CHANLER. - -~1863=----.~ - - -MRS. CHANLER, or AMÉLIE RIVES as she still styles herself in writing, -was born in Richmond, Virginia, but passed her early life at the -family place in Albemarle County, called "Castle Hill." She is a -granddaughter of William Cabell Rives, once minister to France and -author of "Life of Madison"; and her grandmother, Mrs. Judith Walker -Rives, was a woman of much ability, and left some writings entitled -"Home and the World," and "Residence in Europe." - -She was married in 1888 to Mr. John Armstrong Chanler of New York and -has since spent much time in Paris, studying painting for which she -has as great fondness as for writing. - -Her first stories were written in the style of the time of Shakspere; -the best of them is "Farrier Lass o' Piping Pebworth." They created a -sensation as they came out and were said to be the work of a girl -under twenty. She has also written stories of Virginia life and of -modern times; besides poems, and dramas, in which last her talents -seem to reach a higher plane than in any other kind of writing. - - -WORKS. - - A Brother to Dragons. - Farrier Lass o' Piping Pebworth. - Virginia of Virginia. - The Quick or the Dead? - According to St. John. - Athelwold, [drama]. - Barbara Dering, [sequel to The Quick or the Dead?] - Nurse Crumpet Tells the Story. - Story of Arnon. - Inja. - Witness of the Sun. - Herod and Mariamne, [drama]. - Poems, [scattered in magazines]. - Tanis, the Sang-Digger. - - -TANIS. - -(_From Tanis, the Sang-Digger._[49]) - -Gilman was driving along one of the well-kept turnpikes that wind -about the Warm Springs Valley. He recognized the austere and solemn -beauty that hemmed him in from the far-off outer world; but at the -same time he was contrasting it with the sea-coast of his native -State, Massachusetts, and a certain creeping homesickness began to -rise about his heart. - -[Illustration: ~Model School, Peabody Normal College.~] - -In addition to this, he had left his delicate wife suffering with an -acute neuralgic headache, and also saddened by a yearning for the -picturesque old farm-house in which he had been born, and where they -had lived during the first year of marriage. The trap which Gilman -drove was filled with surveying instruments, and, as he turned into -the rough mountain road, which led towards the site of the new railway -for which he was now prospecting, the smaller ones began to rattle -together and slide from the seat beside him. Finally, as the cart -slipped against a stone, the level bounced into a puddle. He was about -to jump out when a bold, ringing voice called to him: - -"Set still--A'll pick hit up." - -Then a figure slid down the rocky bank at his right, her one garment -wrinkling from her bare, sturdy legs during the performance. - -Gilman had never seen anything like her in his thirty years of varied -experience. - -She was very tall. A curtain of rough, glittering curls hung to her -knees. Her face, clear with that clearness which only a mountain wind -can bring, was white as a seagull's breast, except where a dark, yet -vivid pink melted into the blue veins on her temples and throat. Her -round, fresh lips, smooth as a peony-leaf, were parted in a wide -laugh, over teeth large and yellow-white, like the grains on an ear of -corn. She wore a loose tunic of blue-gray stuff, which reached to the -middle of her legs, covered with grass stains and patches of mould. -Her bare feet, somewhat broadened by walking, were well-shaped, the -great toe standing apart from the others, the strong, round ankles, -although scratched and bruised, perfectly symmetrical. Her arms, bare -almost to the shoulder, were like those with which in imagination we -complete the Milo. Eyes, round and colored like the edges of broken -glass, looked out boldly from under her long black eyebrows. Her nose -was straight and well cut, but set impertinently. - -As she picked up the muddy level she laughed boisterously and wiped it -on her frock. - -"Thank you," said Gilman, and then, after a second's hesitation, -added: "Where are you going? Perhaps I can give you a lift on your -way? Will you get in?" - -"Well, a done keer ef a do," she said, still staring at him. - -She got in and took the level on her knee, then burst out laughing -again-- - -"A reckon yuh wonders what a'm a haw-hawin' at?" she asked, suddenly. -"Well, a'll tell yuh! 'Tiz case a feels jess like this hyuh -contrapshun o' yourn. A haint hed a bite sence five this mawnin', and -a've got a bubble in th' middle o' me, a ken tell yuh!" - -She opened her flexible mouth almost to her ears, showing both rows of -speckless teeth, and roaring mirthfully again. - -"I've got some sandwiches, here--won't you have one?" said Gilman. - -"Dunno--what be they?" she asked, rather suspiciously, eyeing him -sidewise. - -He explained to her, and she accepted one, tearing from it a huge -semi-circle, which she held in her cheek while exclaiming: - -"Murder! hain't that good, though? D'yuh eat them things ev'y day? Yuh -looks hit! You're a real fine-lookin' feller--mos' ez good-lookin' ez -Bill." - -"Who is Bill?" asked Gilman, much interested in this, his first -conversation with a genuine savage. - -"Bill? he's muh pard, an' muh brother, too. I come down hyuh tuh git -him a drink o' water, but a hain't foun' a spring yit." - -"No, there isn't one in several miles," said Gilman. - -"Hyuh!" she cried. "Lemme git out." . . . And she was out, with the -bound of a deer. "You g'long," she said; "a'm sorry a rode this far -wi' you. You'll larf 'bout muh bar foots, an' this hyuh rag o' mine, -wi' them po' white trash an' niggers. Whar you fum, anyhow? You hain't -a Fuginia feller. A kin tell by yo' talk. You called roots 'ruts' -jess now, an' yuh said we'd 'sun' be whar them other fellers be. Whar -you fum?" - -"From Massachusetts," said Gilman. - -"S'that another langidge fuh some name a knows?" - -"No--it's the real name of another State." - -"Well, hit's 'nuff tuh twis' a body's tongue, fuh life, so a done -blame yuh s'much fuh yo' funny talk. Mawnin'." And she began to swing -herself upon a great lichen-crested boulder by the roadside. . . . . . - -Gilman was naturally curious as to the type of the young barbarian -whom he had met on his drive to Black Creek, and, during a pause in -his work, he told a young fellow named Watkins of his adventure, and -asked him to what class the girl belonged. - -"I reckon, sir, she was a sang-digger," said Watkins, laughing. -"They're a awful wild lot, mostly bad as they make 'em, with no more -idea of right an' wrong than a lot o' ground-horgs." - -"But what is a 'sang-digger'?" asked Gilman, more and more curious. - -"Well, sir, sang, or ginseng, ez the real name is, is a sorter root -that grows thick in the mountains about here. They make some sorter -medicine outer it. I've chawed it myself for heartburn. It's right -paying, too--sang-digging is, sir; you ken git at least a dollar a -pound for it, an' sometimes you ken dig ten pounds in a day, but -that's right seldom. Two or three pounds a day is doin' well. They're -a awful low set, sir, sang-diggers is. We call 'em 'snakes' -hereabouts, 'cause they don't have no place to live cep'in' in winter, -and then they go off somewhere or ruther, to their huts. But in the -summer and early autumn they stop where night ketches 'em, an' light a -fire an' sleep 'round it. They cert'n'y are a bad lot, sir. They'll -steal a sheep or a horse ez quick ez winkin'. Why, t'want a year ago -that they stole a mighty pretty mare o' mine, that I set a heap by, -an' rid off her tail an' mane a-tearin' through the brush with her. -She got loose somehow an' come back to me. But they stole two horses -for ole Mr. Hawkins, down near Fallin' Springs, an' he a'in't been -able to git 'em back. There's awful murders an' villainies done by -'em. But some o' them sang-digger gals is awful pretty. . . . Yes, -sir, I reckon she was a sang-digger, sure enough." - -[This wild creature of the woods was treated kindly by Gilman and his -wife, and she finally sacrificed herself to save Mrs. Gilman.] - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[49] By permission of the author, and publishers, the Town Topics -Publishing Co., N. Y. - - - - -GRACE KING. - - -GRACE KING was born in New Orleans, the daughter of William W. King, -and has made a reputation as a writer of short stories depicting -Creole life. Her "Balcony Stories" are like pictures in their vivid -intensity. - - -WORKS. - - Monsieur Motte. - Earthlings. - Balcony Stories. - Bonne Maman. - Bayou L'Ombre. - History of Louisiana. - - -LA GRANDE DEMOISELLE. - -A BALCONY STORY. - -(_From the Century Magazine_,[50] Jan., 1893.) - -That was what she was called by everybody as soon as she was seen or -described. Her name, besides baptismal titles, was Idalie Sainte Foy -Mortemart des Islets. When she came into society, in the brilliant -little world of New Orleans, it was the event of the season, and -after she came in, whatever she did became also events. Whether she -went, or did not go; what she said, or did not say; what she wore, and -did not wear--all these became important matters of discussion, quoted -as much or more than what the President said, or the governor thought. -And in those days, the days of '59, New Orleans was not, as it is now, -a one-heiress place, but it may be said that one could find heiresses -then as one finds type-writing girls now. - -Mademoiselle Idalie received her birth and what education she had on -her parent's plantation, the famed old Reine Sainte Foy place, and it -is no secret that, like the ancient kings of France, her birth -exceeded her education. - -It was a plantation, the Reine Sainte Foy, the richness and luxury of -which are really well described in those perfervid pictures of -tropical life, at one time the passion of philanthropic imaginations, -excited and exciting over the horrors of slavery. Although these -pictures were then often accused of being purposely exaggerated, they -seem now to fall short of, instead of surpassing, the truth. Stately -walls, acres of roses, miles of oranges, unmeasured fields of cane, -colossal sugar-house--they were all there, and all the rest of it, -with the slaves, slaves, slaves everywhere, whole villages of negro -cabins. And there were also, most noticeable to the natural, as well -as visionary eye--there were the ease, idleness, extravagance, -self-indulgence, pomp, pride, arrogance, in short the whole -enumeration, the moral _sine qua non_, as some people considered it, -of the wealthy slaveholder of aristocratic descent and tastes. - -What Mademoiselle Idalie cared to learn she studied, what she did not -she ignored; and she followed the same simple rule untrammeled in her -eating, drinking, dressing, and comportment generally; and whatever -discipline may have been exercised on the place, either in fact or -fiction, most assuredly none of it, even so much as in a threat, ever -attainted her sacred person. When she was just turned sixteen, -Mademoiselle Idalie made up her mind to go into society. Whether she -was beautiful or not, it is hard to say. It is almost impossible to -appreciate properly the beauty of the rich, the very rich. The -unfettered development, the limitless choice of accessories, the -confidence, the self-esteem, the sureness of expression, the -simplicity of purpose, the ease of execution,--all these produce a -certain effect of beauty behind which one really cannot get to measure -length of nose, or brilliancy of the eye. This much can be said; there -was nothing in her that positively contradicted any assumption of -beauty on her part, or credit of it on the part of others. She was -very tall and very thin with small head, long neck, black eyes, and -abundant straight black hair,--for which her hair-dresser deserved -more praise than she,--good teeth of course, and a mouth that, even in -prayer, talked nothing but commands; that is about all she had _en -fait d'ornements_, as the modistes say. It may be added that she -walked as if the Reine Sainte Foy plantation extended over the whole -earth, and the soil of it were too vile for her tread. - -Of course she did not buy her toilets in New Orleans. Everything was -ordered from Paris, and came as regularly through the custom-house as -the modes and robes to the milliners. She was furnished by a certain -house there, just as one of a royal family would be at the present -day. As this had lasted from her layette up to her sixteenth year, it -may be imagined what took place when she determined to make her début. -Then it was literally, not metaphorically, _carte blanche_, at least -so it got to the ears of society. She took a sheet of note-paper, -wrote the date at the top, added "I make my début in November," signed -her name at the extreme end of the sheet, addressed it to her -dressmaker in Paris, and sent it. . . . . . - -That she was admired, raved about, loved even, goes without saying. -After the first month she held the refusal of half the beaux of New -Orleans. Men did absurd, undignified, preposterous things for her: and -she? Love? Marry? The idea never occurred to her. She treated the most -exquisite of her pretenders no better than she treated her Paris -gowns, for the matter of that. She could not even bring herself to -listen to a proposal patiently; whistling to her dogs, in the middle -of the most ardent protestations, or jumping up and walking away with -a shrug of the shoulders, and a "Bah!" - -Well! every one knows what happened after '59. There is no need to -repeat. The history of one is the history of all. . . . . . . . . - -It might have been ten years according to some calculations, or ten -eternities,--the heart and the almanac never agree about time,--but -one morning old Champigny (they used to call him Champignon) was -walking along his levee front . . . when he saw a figure approaching. -He had to stop to look at it, for it was worth while. The head was -hidden by a green barege veil, which the showers had plentifully -besprinkled with dew; a tall thin figure. . . . She was the teacher of -the colored school some three or four miles away. "Ah," thought -Champigny, "some Northern lady on a mission." . . . Old Champigny -could not get over it that he had never seen her before. But he must -have seen her, and, with his abstraction and old age, not have -noticed her, for he found out from the negroes that she had been -teaching four or five years there. And he found out also--how, it is -not important--that she was Idalie Sainte Foy Mortemart des Islets. -_La grande demoiselle!_ He had never known her in the old days, owing -to his uncomplimentary attitude toward women, but he knew of her, of -course, and of her family. . . . . - -Only the good God himself knows what passed in Champigny's mind on the -subject. We know only the results. He went and married _la grande -demoiselle_. How? Only the good God knows that too. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[50] By permission of the author, and publishers, The Century Co., -N. Y. - - - - -WAITMAN BARBE. - -~1864=----.~ - - -WAITMAN BARBE was born at Morgantown, West Virginia, and educated at -the State University in that town. Since the year 1884 he has been -engaged in editorial and literary pursuits, being now editor of the -_Daily State Journal_. He has already made a reputation as a speaker -on literary and educational topics: and his poems, first appearing in -periodicals, have now been collected into a volume called "Ashes and -Incense," the first edition of which was exhausted in six months. It -"has put him among the foremost of the young American poets." Edmund -Clarence Stedman says of it: "There is real poetry in the book--a -voice worth owning and exercising. I am struck with the beauty and -feeling of the lyrics which I have read--such, for example, as the -stanzas on Lanier and 'The Comrade Hills.'" - - -WORKS. - - Ashes and Incense. - - -SIDNEY LANIER. - -(_From Ashes and Incense._[51]) - - O Spirit to a kingly holding born! - As beautiful as any southern morn - That wakes to woo the willing hills, - Thy life was hedged about by ills - As pitiless as any northern night; - Yet thou didst make it as thy "Sunrise" bright. - - The seas were not too deep for thee; thine eye - Was comrade with the farthest star on high. - The marsh burst into bloom for thee,-- - And still abloom shall ever be! - Its sluggish tide shall henceforth bear alway - A charm it did not hold until thy day. - - And Life walks out upon the slipping sands - With more of flowers in her trembling hands - Since thou didst suffer and didst sing! - And so to thy dear grave I bring - One little rose, in poor exchange for all - The flowers that from thy rich hand did fall. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[51] By permission of the author, and publishers, J. B. Lippincott -Co., Phila. - - - - -MADISON CAWEIN. - -~1865=----.~ - - -MADISON CAWEIN, born at Louisville, Kentucky, of Huguenot descent, is -one of our younger poets who seems overflowing with life and fancy. -His writings show a wonderful insight into nature and power of -expressing her beauties and meanings. The amount of his poetical work -is astonishing, and another volume will soon appear, entitled -"Intimations of the Beautiful." - - -WORKS. - - Days and Dreams. - Accolon of Gaul and other Poems. - Blooms of the Berry. - Lyrics and Idyls. - Triumph of Music. - Moods and Memories. - Poems of Nature and Love. - Red Leaves and Roses. - - -THE WHIPPOORWILL. - -(_From Red Leaves and Roses._[52]) - - I. - - Above long woodland ways that led - To dells the stealthy twilights tread - The west was hot geranium-red; - And still, and still, - Along old lanes, the locusts sow - With clustered curls the May-times know, - Out of the crimson afterglow, - We heard the homeward cattle low, - And then the far-off, far-off woe - Of "whippoorwill!" of "whippoorwill!" - - II. - - Beneath the idle beechen boughs - We heard the cow-bells of the cows - Come slowly jangling towards the house; - And still, and still, - Beyond the light that would not die - Out of the scarlet-haunted sky, - Beyond the evening-star's white eye - Of glittering chalcedony, - Drained out of dusk the plaintive cry - Of "whippoorwill!" of "whippoorwill!" - - III. - - What is there in the moon, that swims - A naked bosom o'er the limbs, - That all the wood with magic dims? - While still, while still, - Among the trees whose shadows grope - 'Mid ferns and flow'rs the dew-drops ope,-- - Lost in faint deeps of heliotrope - Above the clover-scented slope,-- - Retreats, despairing past all hope, - The whippoorwill, the whippoorwill. - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[52] By permission of the author, and publishers, G. P. Putnam's Sons, -N. Y. - - - - -DIXIE. - - - I. - - I wish I wuz in de land ob cotton, - Ole times dar am not forgotten; - Look away! look away! look away! - Dixie land. - In Dixie land whar I wuz born in, - Early on one frosty mornin'; - Look away! look away! look away! - Dixie land. - - CHORUS. - - Den I wish I were in Dixie, hooray! hooray! - In Dixie land - I'll took my stand - To lib and die in Dixie, - Away, away, away down south in Dixie, - Away, away, away down south in Dixie. - - II. - - Dar's buckwheat cakes and Ingen batter, - Makes you fat or a little fatter; - Den hoe it down and scratch your grabble, - To Dixie land I'm bound to trabble. - - - - -LIST OF AUTHORS. - - -The following is a list of other authors and works that would have -been included in the body of the book if space had allowed. It is with -great regret that only this mention of them can be made. See "List of -Southern Writers" for fuller notice. - - Allan, William: Army of Northern Virginia. - - Asbury, Francis: Journals. - - Blair, James: State of His Majesty's Colony in Virginia. - - Bledsoe, Albert Taylor: A Theodicy, Is Davis a Traitor? - - Brock, R. A.: Southern Historical Society Papers. - - Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson: That Lass o' Lowrie's. - - Cable, George Washington: Bonaventure (Acadian sketches in - Louisiana). - - Caruthers, William A.: Knights of the Golden Horseshoe (tale of - Bacon's Rebellion). - - Dabney, Virginius: Don Miff. - - Davis, Mrs. Varina Jefferson: Jefferson Davis. - - Dinwiddie Papers. - - Elliott, Sarah Barnwell: John Paget. - - Goulding, Francis Robert: Young Marooners. - - Hearn, Lafcadio: Youma. - - Hooper, Johnson Jones: Captain Suggs' Adventures. - - Ingraham, Joseph Holt: Prince of the House of David. - - Jones, John Beauchamp: Rebel War Clerk's Diary, Wild Western Scenes. - - Kouns, Nathan Chapman: Arius the Libyan. - - Le Conte, Joseph: Geology, Science and the Bible. - - Loughborough, Mrs. Mary Webster: My Cave Life in Vicksburg (in - prison during the war). - - McCabe, James Dabney, Jr.: Gray-Jackets. - - McGuire, Mrs. Judith Walker: Diary of a Southern Refugee; (said - to be a most faithful and pathetic picture of the terrible times - in 1861-5. It was a private journal kept during the war, and Mrs. - McGuire was afterwards induced to publish it). - - Mason, Emily Virginia: Popular Life of R. E. Lee. - - Maury, Dabney Herndon: Recollections of a Virginian. - - Meade, William: Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia. - - Parker, William Harwar: Recollections of a Naval Officer. - - Piatt, Mrs. Sarah Morgan Bryan: Poems. - - Randolph, Innis: Good Old Rebel, Back-Log. - - Randolph, Sarah Nicholas: Domestic Life of Jefferson. - - Semmes, Raphael: Service Afloat, Cruise of the Alabama. - - Semple, Robert Baylor: History of Virginia Baptists. - - Sims, James Marion: Story of My Life. - - Smedes, Mrs. Susan Dabney: A Southern Planter; (a biography of - Mrs. Smedes' father. Of this work, Hon. W. E. Gladstone says in a - letter to the author: "I am very desirous that the Old World - should have the benefit of this work. I ask your permission to - publish it in England. . . . Allow me to thank you, dear Madam, - for the good the book must do."). - - Smith, Francis Hopkinson: Colonel Carter of Cartersville. - - Spotswood, Alexander: Letters, 1710-22. - - Stith, William: History of Virginia (before 1755). - - Strother, David Hunter: Virginia Illustrated. - - Taylor, Richard: Destruction and Reconstruction. - - Wiley, Edwin Fuller: Angel in the Cloud. - - - - -[Illustration: ~Mississippi Industrial Institute and College for -Girls, Columbus, Miss.~] - - - - -QUESTIONS. - - -These questions are not recommended as essential, but merely as -suggestive and perhaps useful to teachers who prefer the Socratic -method. They might also serve to call the attention of students to -some point which they would otherwise overlook. - -The general questions and those in ordinary type may be answered from -the text itself; the answers to those in italics are to be found in -other parts of the book, in a history of the United States, or in a -cyclopedia. The questions in italics may of course, like all the rest, -be omitted at the discretion of the teacher. The research required to -answer such questions, however, will be of great value to the -students, if they have the time for it. See also the suggestions given -in the Preface. - - -GENERAL QUESTIONS. - -These questions apply to all the authors, and hence will not be -repeated under each name. - -1. Give the date of birth, and the date of death of those not living. -2. Where was the author born? 3. Where did he pass his life? 4. What -was his education? 5. What was his profession and what positions, if -any, did he fill? 6. Describe his character. 7. His style of writing. -8. Give the names of his Works. 9. Title and contents of the extracts -given. 10. Learn the short extracts and poems by heart. _11. Find on -the map all the places mentioned._ (_This is of prime importance, and -I beg that this question may never be omitted_). - - -FIRST PERIOD, 1579-1750. - -JOHN SMITH.--1. Why did Captain Smith fight against the Turks? 2. When -did he come to America? 3. How did he spend his time after 1609? _4. -What other settlement was in America at this time besides Jamestown?_ -_5. By whom and when made?_ - -WILLIAM STRACHEY.--1. What is the special fame of this description of -a storm? 2. Give some features of it. _3. Who was ruler of England at -this time?_ - -JOHN LAWSON.--1. Why did he come to Carolina, and when? 2. Tell of -his sad death. 3. What is the story of "Sir Walter Raleigh's Ship"? -(_See the poem, "The Palatine Ship," by William Gilmore Simms_) _4. -Was there any settlement in South Carolina at this time?_ _5. If so -when and by whom made?_ - -WILLIAM BYRD.--1. What distinction has Byrd among the writers of -Virginia? 2. For what was his daughter Evelyn noted? 3. Who was -governor of North Carolina in 1713-1720? _4. Is the Dismal Swamp so -hard to cross now?_ _5. How old was George Washington when William -Byrd died?_ _6. What town is named for Governor Eden?_ - - -SECOND PERIOD, 1750-1800. - -HENRY LAURENS.--1. Why did he go to Europe in 1771? in 1779? 2. What -title was given his son John? 3. For whom was he exchanged? 4. How was -he buried? _5. What was happening in America during his imprisonment, -1779-1781?_ - -GEORGE WASHINGTON.--1. What did his mother say of him? 2. What is his -national title? 3. What monuments have been reared to him? 4. What -salary had he as Commander in Chief? 5. When was the Farewell Address -written? _6. Where and when did his inauguration as President take -place?_ _7. When was Washington City laid off as the Capital of the -United States?_ _8. Name the thirteen original States._ - -PATRICK HENRY.--1. What did Jefferson say of him? 2. What part did he -take in the Revolutionary War? 3. When did he say "If this be -treason--"? 4. When and where was his greatest speech made? _5. What -other great man died the same year that he did?_ _6. What difference -in their ages?_ - -WILLIAM HENRY DRAYTON.--1. Who went with him to be educated? 2. What -bold public statement did he make in April, 1776? _3. What battles of -the Revolution occurred in South Carolina during Drayton's life?_ - -THOMAS JEFFERSON.--1. What is Jefferson's title? 2. Of what political -party is he considered the founder? 3. What other ex-president died -the same day? 4. What inscription is on his tomb? 5. What does he say -of the relative positions of the upper and lower classes? _6. Who were -presidents before Jefferson?_ _7. Who, after him, up to the time of -his death?_ _8. What famous Frenchman visited Jefferson in 1825?_ _9. -Quote some of the Declaration of Independence._ - -DAVID RAMSAY.--1. Who was his second wife? 2. Of what profession were -their daughters? _3. Where is Fort Moultrie and for whom named?_ _4. -Where is there a statue to Sergeant Jasper?_ - -JAMES MADISON.--1. What is Professor Fiske's estimate of him? 2. Tell -of his marriage and of Mrs. Madison. _3. How long and when was Madison -President?_ _4. What war took place during that time?_ _5. What -disaster occurred in Washington in 1814?_ _6. What patriotic song was -written the same year?_ - -ST. GEORGE TUCKER.--1. When did he come to America and whom did he -marry? _2. Where is William and Mary College and when was it founded?_ -_3. What famous men were teachers and students there?_ - -JOHN MARSHALL.--1. How long was he Chief Justice? 2. Repeat Charles -Cotesworth Pinckney's famous remark. 3. Over what great trial did -Marshall preside? 4. When was it? 5. Where are fine statues of him? -_6. Who was Pinckney?_ - -HENRY LEE.--1. What title had he in the Revolution? 2. Who was his -mother? 3. What well known words were first used by him? 4. Who was -his most famous son? _5. Was Mrs. Motte's house burned down?_ - -MASON LOCKE WEEMS.--1. Of what church was he rector? - -JOHN DRAYTON.--1. Whose son was he? 2. When did the battle of Noewee -occur? _3. Who were Lord North and Lord Grenville?_ _4. What relation -was Lieutenant Hampton to General Wade Hampton, of South Carolina?_ - -WILLIAM WIRT.--1. What two famous speeches by Wirt are here mentioned? -2. Who was the "Blind Preacher"? 3. What did Wirt say of life, in -1829? _4. Learn something more about the "Blind Preacher."_ (_See -People's Cyclopedia, Hart's American Literature._) _5. Who were -Demothenes, Ossian, Homer, Milton, Rousseau?_ - -JOHN RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE.--1. From whom was he descended? 2. What does -Paulding say of him? _3. Where is found the quotation--"Free will -fixed fate, foreknowledge absolute"?_ - -GEORGE TUCKER.--1. To whom was he related? 2. How long was he -professor at the University of Virginia? 3. Who was founder of the -University? _4. Where is the Natural Bridge?_ (_See picture under Mrs. -Preston._) _5. When was the University established and opened?_ - - -THIRD PERIOD, 1800-1850. - -HENRY CLAY.--1. What two titles did he have, and for what reasons? 2. -Mention some of his companions in public life. 3. Of what measures was -he the author? _4. Who was Jackson?_ _5. Who were Philip, Alexander, -Cæsar, Brutus, Madame de Staël, Bonaparte?_ _6. What was the -difference in the ages of Clay, Calhoun and Webster?_ - -FRANCIS SCOTT KEY.--1. Relate the circumstances under which the "Star -Spangled Banner" was written. _2. What city was burned by the British -in the year in which this song was composed?_ - -JOHN JAMES AUDUBON.--1. What was his favorite pursuit? 2. Where is a -set of his works to be seen? - -THOMAS HART BENTON.--1. What title did he gain, and how? 2. What is -said of his great work? _3. Who were Randolph and Clay?_ _4. What was -the cause of the duel?_ _5. What office had Clay at the time?_ _6. How -were Benton and Clay connected?_ (_Mrs. Clay was a cousin of Benton's, -she had been Miss Lucretia Hart._) _7. Whom did Benton's daughter -Jessie marry, and what did she write?_ (_See "List of Southern -Writers," Frémont._) - -JOHN CALDWELL CALHOUN.--1. Who was his early teacher? 2. What was the -remark of Calhoun's father about government? 3. What is Calhoun's home -now? 4. What is the principle of Nullification? 5. Who first said, "To -the victors belong the spoils," as applied to public offices? 6. What -does Calhoun say of it? _7. Who are the three greatest statesmen of -the "Compromise Period" (1820-1850)?_ 8. What does Everett say of -them? _9. What does Stephens say of Calhoun in 1850?_ (_See under -A. H. Stephens._) 10. What does Webster say of him? _11. What rank -does he hold as a statesman and patriot?_ 12. Who are the others -mentioned as contemporary with Calhoun in the Senate? - -NATHANIEL BEVERLEY TUCKER.--1. Whose son was he, and whose half -brother? 2. Give the plan of the "Partisan Leader." _3. When was Van -Buren president?_ - -DAVID CROCKETT.--1. What was his motto? 2. What does he say of the -earthquake and its effects? _3. When was the great earthquake in the -Mississippi Valley?_ _4. Where is the Alamo?_ _5. Tell something of -its defence and fall._ (_See under Houston._) - -RICHARD HENRY WILDE.--1. What discoveries did he make in Italy? 2. -What is the poem by which he is known? (It is also called "The -Captive's Lament"). 3. Tell the incident of its translation. 4. Who -was Mrs. White Beatty? 5. _What else can you learn of her?_ _6. Who -were Giotto Dante Tasso and Petrarch?_ - -AUGUSTUS BALDWIN LONGSTREET.--1. Who was "Ned Brace"? 2. How did Judge -Longstreet feel about "Georgia Scenes" in his later years? _3. When -did Washington make his Southern tour?_ _4. How old was Judge Bacon -then?_ - -ROBERT YOUNG HAYNE.--1. When and with whom was his great debate on -Nullification? 2. What action did South Carolina take in 1832? 3. What -prevented war? 4. What did Webster say the Union would be if the -doctrine of State Sovereignty should be accepted? 5. What action had -the citizens of Boston taken in 1809? _6. What was the resolution of -the Virginia Convention on adopting the Constitution of the United -States?_ _7. Who wrote Hayne's Life?_ - -SAM HOUSTON.--1. When did Houston go to Texas? 2. What caused the -Texan war of independence? _3. Who were the four presidents of the -Republic of Texas?_ _4. How long was Texas independent and when did -she enter the Union?_ _5. Who was then president of the United -States?_ - -WILLIAM CAMPBELL PRESTON.--1. What great orator was his uncle? 2. With -what distinguished men was he associated, and who were they? _3. When -was South Carolina University founded?_ - -JOHN PENDLETON KENNEDY.--1. In what novel of Thackeray did he write a -chapter? 2. What was his connection with the Peabody Institute? 3. -What poet did he befriend? _4. Who was Horse Shoe Robinson?_ _5. -Whence his name?_ (_He was a blacksmith._) - -HUGH SWINTON LEGARÉ.--1. For what was he noted? 2. What does Judge -Story say of him? _3. When did he live in Washington City?_ _4. When -was he in Belgium?_ 5. Where did he die? _6. What poet wrote his -life?_ - -MIRABEAU BUONAPARTE LAMAR.--1. When was he president of Texas? _2. Who -succeeded him?_ - -FRANCIS LISTER HAWKS.--1. What induced Dr. Hawks to write a history of -North Carolina? 2. Who was the first white child born in America? 3. -When? 4. Who was the first Indian baptized? _5. Where is the town -named for him?_ 6. What probably became of the Lost Colony of Roanoke -and of the little Virginia Dare? _7. How old was she when her -grandfather came back?_ _8. When did Sir Walter Raleigh send his first -colony?_ _9. Did he ever come himself?_ _10. Tell of his life._ - -GEORGE DENISON PRENTICE.--1. What paper did he establish? _2. How many -mouths has the Mississippi River?_ _3. Who wrote his life?_ (_See -under G in "List of Southern Writers."_) - -EDWARD COATE PINKNEY.--1. What position had his father in 1802? _2. -For what was his father distinguished?_ _3. Who do you think were "the -five greatest poets of the country" in his lifetime?_ - -CHARLES ÉTIENNE ARTHUR GAYARRÉ.--1. In what languages did he write? 2. -Who first manufactured sugar in Louisiana? 3. When? 4. Who were lords -of Louisiana in 1750-70? _5. How long was Louisiana under Spanish -domination?_ _6. When was the Louisiana Purchase made?_ _7. Tell the -story of the Acadians._ - -MATTHEW FONTAINE MAURY.--1. What title did his sea studies acquire for -him? 2. What was his service to the Atlantic Telegraph Cable? 3. Tell -what honors he received. 4. Where is there a monument to Lieutenant -Herndon? _5. What relation were Maury and Herndon?_ _6. Learn -something of the Emperor Maximilian and the Mexican revolution._ - -WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS.--1. What is the subject of most of Simms' -novels? 2. Who has written his life? _3. What is the usual form of -Manneyto? (Manitou)_ _4. Who were the Yemassees and when was the -Yemassee war?_ _5. Give a sketch of General Marion._ (_See also under -Ramsay._) - -ROBERT EDWARD LEE.--1. Who have written the life of General Lee? 2. -What is the present name of Washington College? _3. Where are there -monuments to Lee?_ _4. When did the Civil War begin and end?_ _5. -Learn more of General Lee._ - -JEFFERSON DAVIS.--1. When and where was he inaugurated president of -the Confederacy? 2. What has his daughter Winnie written? _3. Who have -written the life of President Davis?_ _4. When was Pierce president of -the United States?_ _5. Where is Beauvoir?_ _6. Where is the -Hermitage?_ _7. Where is Mr. Davis buried?_ - -EDGAR ALLAN POE.--1. What is said of the "Raven" in 1845? 2. Where are -monuments to Poe? 3. Which are the best lives of him? _4. Who was John -Pendleton Kennedy?_ _5. What is the Koran?_ _6. "The red levin"?_ - -ROBERT TOOMBS.--1. What two distinguished men besides Toombs were -ordered to be captured after the war? 2. Why did he not sue for -pardon? 3. Who have written his life? _4. Learn more of him._ - -OCTAVIA WALTON LE VERT.--1. What was the name of her father and grand -father? 2. What did La Fayette say of her when a child? 3. What is -said of her in Washington? _4. Trace her voyage to Spain from Mobile, -Ala._ _5. Who were the Moors and when did they rule Spain?_ - -LOUISA SUSANNAH M'CORD.--1. Name of Mrs. M'Cord's father? 2. Learn the -last paragraph on page 292. 3. When was this article published? 4. -Where is Forte Motte? _5. For what is it noted?_ _6. Tell something of -the Women's Rights Movement in Europe and America._ - -JOSEPH G. BALDWIN.--1. What do you think of this sketch of Virginians? -_2. Translate the Latin._ _3. Who were Jefferson Hamilton Jackson, -Clay John Randolph?_ - -ALEXANDER HAMILTON STEPHENS.--1. In what family did he teach? 2. Name -of his home? 3. Tell the anecdotes of him. 4. When did Calhoun die? -_5. Tell what you can of the Senators mentioned in the sketch._ _6. -How did Fillmore afterwards become president of the United Stales?_ -_7. When?_ - -ALEXANDER BEAUFORT MEEK.--1. What system was established by him in -Alabama? 2. Tell some of the characters in his writings 3. For whom is -Montgomery named? _4. When was the Seminole war?_ _5. Who was the -American general?_ _6. What river did De Soto discover and when did he -march through Alabama?_ - -PHILIP PENDLETON COOKE.--1. Whose brother and whose cousin was he? 2. -What is said of the poem "Florence Vane"? - -THEODORE O'HARA.--1. When was the battle of Buena Vista? 2. Where is -O'Hara buried? _3. What is meant by "the Dark and Bloody Ground"?_ _4. -What famous pioneer is also buried in Frankfort?_ _5. Mention some -others given in this book who were in the battle of Buena Vista._ - - -FOURTH PERIOD, 1850-1895. - -GEORGE RAINSFORD FAIRBANKS.--1. What other names had Osceola? _2. Find -out more about him and about the Florida War._ _3. For whom is Fort -Moultrie named?_ _4. Who wrote the lines on page 314?_ - -RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON.--1. What people are described in his -stories? _2. Who are they, and what are such people called in London, -in North Carolina, and in different other States?_ 3. Who was Mr. -Ellington? - -JOHN REUBEN THOMPSON.--1. Of what magazine was he editor from 1847 to -1859? 2. Who were some of its contributors? _3. What other writers -edited or wrote for the "Messenger"?_ _4. Who was Ashby?_ - -JABEZ LAMAR MONROE CURRY.--1. What have we inherited from England? 2. -What relation does Mr. Gladstone think should exist between England -and America? _3. What is the Peabody Educational Fund?_ _4. Learn what -you can of George Peabody and of the Peabody Institute in Baltimore._ -(_See also under John Pendleton Kennedy and Sidney Lanier._) - -MARGARET JUNKIN PRESTON.--1. How was Mrs. Preston related to Stonewall -Jackson? 2. Where did he die? 3. What were his last words? _4. Where -is the Virginia Military Institute?_ _5. Where is the Natural Bridge?_ -(_See Jefferson's Description._) - -CHARLES HENRY SMITH ("BILL ARP").--1. Tell of the Cherokees and their -march to the West. 2. Who were Ridge and Ross? 3. Tell of John Howard -Payne's imprisonment. _4. Why did the Cherokees go beyond the -Mississippi?_ - -ST. GEORGE H. TUCKER.--1. What relation was he to St. George Tucker? -2. When was Jamestown burned? 3. When did the Seven Days' Battles -around Richmond occur? _4. When was Berkeley governor of Virginia?_ -_5. Tell of Bacon's Rebellion._ (_See also Dr. Caruthers' "Knights of -the Golden Horseshoe."_) _6. What is left of Jamestown now?_ (_See -under John Smith._) - -GEORGE WILLIAM BAGBY.--1. What was Dr. Bagby's pen-name? 2. Whom did -he succeed as editor of the "Southern Literary Messenger"? _3. Who was -Rubinstein?_ - -SARAH ANNE DORSEY.--1. How did Mrs. Dorsey gain her pen-name? 2. To -whom did she will her Mississippi home? 3. Who was H. W. Allen? 4. -What was her opinion as to going in to exile after the war? _5. -Mention some other Confederate soldiers who went to Mexico._ _6. Who -was Mrs. C. A Warfield and what did she write?_ (_See "List of -Southern Writers."_) _7. Describe the life of the mistress of a large -plantation._ (_See under Kennedy and Mrs. M'Cord; also Mrs. Smedes' -"Southern Planter."_) - -HENRY TIMROD.--1. What occupation did Timrod's father choose and why? -2. Who were the companions of Timrod's vacations? 3. Who wrote a -sketch of his life? 4. In what great fire was his property destroyed -in Columbia? _5. When did it occur?_ _6. Where is Magnolia Cemetery?_ - -PAUL HAMILTON HAYNE.--1. What title has been given him? 2. What loss -had he during the war? 3. What relation was he to Robert Young Hayne? -4. What book has his son published? 5. The name of his son? - -JOHN ESTEN COOKE.--1. What relation was he to P. P. Cooke and to John -P. Kennedy? _2. Who were Jackson and Stuart?_ _3. Tell something of -Virginia History at the time the "Races" took place; of United States -History at the same time._ - -ZEBULON BAIRD VANCE.--1. What title had he and why? 2. What race -settled North Carolina? _3. What is the origin of the term "buncombe" -as popularly used?_ _4. Tell of the Siege of Londonderry, and of the -Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence._ - -ALBERT PIKE.--1. Tell of his trip to the West. 2. Of what does his -"Mocking-Bird" remind one? _3. Learn more of Pike and of his labors -for Freemasonry._ - -WILLIAM TAPPAN THOMPSON.--1. What distinction about his birth? _2. -What was the Western Reserve?_ - -JAMES BARRON HOPE.--1. In what year was the 250th anniversary of the -settlement of Jamestown? _2. Who is "the Man" of the Yorktown -Centennial Ode?_ _3. Tell of the surrender at Yorktown._ _4. For whom -was Lord Cornwallis exchanged?_ - -JAMES WOOD DAVIDSON.--1. What have been his services to Southern -literature? 2. What is the Beautiful? 3. The Poetical? - -CHARLES COLCOCK JONES, JR.--1. What collections did he make? 2. How -stands he among Georgian writers? 3. Describe the city of Savannah in -1734. _4. Tell something of James Edward Oglethorpe._ _5. What did -Oglethorpe write?_ (_See "List of Southern Writers."_) _6. Who were -Jasper, De Soto, Pulaski?_ - -MARY VIRGINIA TERHUNE ("MARION HARLAND").--1. For what special purpose -was the Story of Mary Washington written? 2. When was the monument -unveiled? 3. Where is it? _4. When did Mrs. Washington die?_ - -AUGUSTA EVANS WILSON.--1. What was Mrs. Wilson's first novel? 2. Her -most famous one? _3. Translate the foreign phrases and look up the -unknown names in the selection._ - -DANIEL BEDINGER LUCAS.--1. When was the poem written? _2. To whom does -the fifth stanza refer?_ _3. What was the Forum?_ - -JAMES RYDER RANDALL.--1. What has "My Maryland" been called? 2. When -was it written? _3. Who were Carroll, Howard, Ringgold, Watson, Lowe, -May?_ - -ABRAM JOSEPH RYAN.--1. What was his title? 2. Mention some of his -poems? _3. What was the Conquered Banner?_ - -WILLIAM GORDON MCCABE.--_1. What were the Trenches?_ _2. Who wrote -Tristram and Iseult?_ - -SIDNEY LANIER.--1. What kind of ancestry had he? 2. What is said of -his "Science of English Verse"? 3. What was his favorite remark on -Art? 4. Tell of the Centennial Ode. _5. To what poems does Barbe refer -in his tribute to Lanier?_ (_See under Waitman Barbe._) 6. Study well -the "Song of the Chattahoochee," its rhyme, meter, and thought. _7. -What are the marshes of Glynn?_ (_Salt marches on the coast of Ga._) -_8. What are the Peabody Symphony Concerts?_ - -JAMES LANE ALLEN.--1. From what States was Kentucky mainly settled? 2. -When was the battle of Blue Licks? _3. When was Kentucky admitted to -the Union?_ - -JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS.--1. What is said of "On the Plantation"? 2. Is -the negro dialect the same in all the States? _3. Who was Uncle -Remus?_ - -ROBERT BURNS WILSON.--1. Who is the "Fair Daughter of the Sun"? 2. To -whom are Wilson's poems dedicated? - -CHRISTIAN REID (MRS. TIERNAN).--1. In what battle was Colonel Fisher -killed? _2. When was it?_ 3. Tell of Dr. Mitchell's death and burial. -(A granite monument has been erected over his grave). - -HENRY WOODFEN GRADY.--1. Of what paper was he editor? 2. Where is -there a monument to him? _3. Learn all that you can of the persons and -places mentioned in the extract._ - -THOMAS NELSON PAGE.--1. With whom did he first write? 2. What passage -of Grady's does the extract illustrate? - -CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK (MISS MURFREE).--1. For whom was Murfreesboro -named? 2. Where are Miss Murfree's stories laid? - -DANSKE DANDRIDGE.--1. Whence did Mrs. Dandridge get her first name? 2. -Learn the beautiful poem by heart. - -AMÉLIE RIVES (MRS. CHANLER).--1. Who were her paternal grandparents, -and what did they write? 2. What style had she at first _3. Learn -something of the ginseng-diggers in the Alleghany Mountains._ - -GRACE KING.--_Describe the contrast in the life of many of the -Southern planters before and after the war._ - -WAITMAN BARBE.--1. To whom is the poem addressed? 2. Of what paper is -he editor? - -MADISON CAWEIN.--1. Of what race is he? _2. Who were the Huguenots?_ -_3. Learn something of their history._ - -DIXIE.--_1. Who wrote Dixie, and when?_ - - - - -APPENDIX. - - - - -LIST OF SOUTHERN WRITERS. - - -This list is not complete. It is my desire to make it so, and I shall -be greatly obliged for information as to names, dates, residence, and -works of Southern writers. Correction of mistakes is urgently and -respectfully solicited, as well as fuller details in regard to the -names here given, which lack some of the above particulars. - -Communications may be addressed to Miss Louise Manly, care B. F. -Johnson Publishing Company, Richmond, Virginia. - -Valuable aid has been most kindly and generously rendered by Prof. -B. F. Meek, University of Alabama; Prof. Howard N. Ogden, University -of West Virginia (now of the University of Chicago); Mr. Charles -Weathers Bump, Ph. D., Johns Hopkins University; Prof. Charles W. -Kent, Linden-Kent Professor of English, University of Virginia; Dr. -James Wood Davidson, Washington, D. C.; Prof. B. F. Riley, University -of Georgia; Mr. Alfred Holt Stone, Greenville, Mississippi; Prof. -R. H. Willis, Arkansas University; Prof. F. C. Woodward, South -Carolina University; Prof. C. V. Waugh, Florida State College; Miss -Sara Hartman, Editor of _The Gulf Messenger_, San Antonio, Texas; Mr. -F. A. Sampson, Sedalia, Missouri; Mr. William F. Switzler, Editor of -_The Missouri Democrat_, Boonville, Missouri; Mr. Fay Hempstead, -Little Rock, Arkansas; Mr. Leonard Lemmon, Editor of _The School -Forum_, Sherman, Texas; Prof. E. M. Davis, University of Tennessee -(now of Hampden-Sidney, Va.), and other professors and scholars. - - * * * * * - -Those marked * are to be found in the body of the book. The following -abbreviations are used: - - Bapt., Baptist. - c. e., civil engineer. - cl., clergyman. - ed., editor. - edu., educator. - jour., journalist. - Luth., Lutheran. - M. E., Methodist Episcopal. - nat., naturalist. - P. E., Protestant Episcopal. - phys., physician. - Pr., Presbyterian. - R. C., Roman Catholic. - sci., scientist. - - - Abbey, Richard - M. E. Cl. - Miss. - Apostolic Succession, Creed of All Men, and other religious - works. - - Aiken, Mrs. J. G. - La. - Poems. - - Ainslie, Hew, 1792-1878 - poet - Scotland, Ky. - Ingleside, On with the Tartan, Pilgrimage to the Land of - Burns, and other poems. - - Aleix, Mme Eulalie L. T. - La. - Le Livre d'Or de la Comtesse Diane, Maxime de la Vie, Les - Poésies de Lamartine. - - Alfriend, Frank H. - Va. - Life of Jefferson Davis, Life of R. E. Lee. - - Allan, William,--d. 1891 - colonel C. S. A. - Va. - Battlefields of Virginia, Jackson's Valley Campaign, Army of - Northern Virginia. - - Allen, Henry Watkins, 1820-1866 - War governor of La. - Travels of a Sugar-Planter. - - *Allen, James Lane - novelist - Ky. - Flute and Violin and other stories, John Gray, A Kentucky - Cardinal. - - Allston, Joseph Blyth - soldier - S. C. - Battle Songs. - - Allston, Washington, 1779-1843 - artist and poet - S. C., Eng., Mass. - Monaldi (novel), Poems, Art writings. - - Alsop, George, 1638- - colonist - England, Md. - Character of the Province of Maryland, Small Treatise on the - Wild and Naked Indians or Susquehannakes of Maryland. - - Anderson, Florence - Ky. - Zenaida (novel), Poems. - - Andrew, James Osgood, 1794-1871 - M. E. bishop - Ga., Ala. - Miscellanies, Family Government. - - Andrews, Eliza Frances, 1847 ("_Elzey Hay_") - Ga. - Family Secret, Mere Adventurers, Prince Hal, Dress Under - Difficulties (fashions in Dixie during the war), Plea for Red - Hair, and other writings. - - Andry, Mme Laure - La. - Histoire de la Louisiane pour les Enfants. - - Archdale, John - Quaker, - came in 1664 as governor of Carolina. - Description of Carolina. - - Archer, G. W. - phys. - Md. - More than She Could Bear (Tales of Texas). - - Arrington, Alfred W., 1810-1867 - N. C., Mo., Ark. - Apostrophe to Water, Sketch of the South-West, Rangers and - Regulators of the Tanaha. - - Asbury, Francis, 1745-1816 - M. E. bishop - Eng., Va. - Journal (3 vols., travels in establishing Methodism). - - Ashe, Thomas, ("T. A., Gent.") - Eng., Va. - Carolina: or a Description of the Present State of that - Country and the Natural Excellencies thereof (published in - 1682, reprinted, 1836). - - *Audubon, John James, 1780-1851 - naturalist - La., Pa., Ky., N. Y. - Ornithological Biographies, Birds of America, Quadrupeds of - America (with Rev. John Bachman). - - Augustin, George - La. - Legends of New Orleans. - - Augustin, John - La. - Creole Songs, War Flowers. - - Augustin, Marie - La. - Le Macandal (novel). - - - Bachman, John, 1790-1874 - Luth. cl., nat. - N. Y., S. C. - Quadrupeds of America (with Audubon), Unity of the Human Race, - Defence of Luther. - - Bacon, Julia - Tex. - Looking for the Fairies, and other poems. - - *Bagby, George William, 1828-1883 - humorist, essayist - Va. - Letters of Mozis Addums and other writings. - - Baker, Daniel, 1791-1857 - Pr. cl., edu. - Ga., Va., Tex. - Sermons, Address to Fathers, and other works. - - Baker, William Munford (son of Daniel), 1825-1883 - cl. - Tex., Mass. - Inside, A Chronicle of Secession, by _G. F. Harrington_, - Virginians in Texas, New Timothy, and other works. - - Baker, Mrs. Marion A. (_Julie K. Wetherill_), 1858- - La. - Poems, essays, and other writings. - - *Baldwin, Joseph G., 1811-1864 - jurist, humorist - Ala., Cal. - Flush Times of Alabama and Mississippi, Party Leaders, and - other writings. - - Baldwin, James Mark - edu. - S. C., N. J. - Mental Development in the Child and the Race, Psychology. - - Ball, Mrs. Caroline A. [Rutledge] - S. C. - Jacket of Gray and other Poems (1866). - - Banister, John, ?-1692 - botanist - Eng., Va. - Insects of Virginia, Curiosities in Virginia. - - *Barbe, Waitman, 1864- - ed. - W. Va. - Addresses, Ashes and Incense, and other poems. - - Barbee, William J., 1816- - cl., phys., edu. - Ky., Tenn., Mo. - Cotton Question, Life of Paul, and other writings. - - Barber, Miss Catherine Webb [Mrs. Towles] - ed. - Mass., Ala., Ga. - (Ed. "Miss Barber's Weekly"), Three Golden Links, Freemason's - Fireside. - - Barclay, James Turner, 1807-1874 - cl. - Va., Ala. - City of the Great King. - - Barde, Alexandre - La. - Histoire des Comités de Vigilance aux Attakapas. - - Barnes, Annie Maria, 1857- - S. C., Ga. - Some Lowly Lives, Story of the Chattahoochee, Found in the - Sand, &c. - - Barney, John, 1784-1856 - Md. - Personal Recollections of Men and Things in America and Europe. - - Barr, Mrs. Amelia Edith - Eng., Tex. - Remember the Alamo, Jan Vedder's Wife, and many other novels. - - Barrow, Mrs. Frances Elizabeth [Mease] (_Aunt Fanny_), 1822 - S. C., N. Y. - Aunt Fanny's Story-Book, Letter G, Six Nightcaps. - - Bartlett, Napier - La. - Military Recollections of Louisiana, Soldier's Story of the War. - - Bartley, James Avis - Va. - Lays of Virginia. - - Bascom, Henry Bidleman, 1796-1850. - M. E. bishop - N. Y., Ky. - (Ed. "Southern Methodist Quarterly Review"), Sermons, - Methodism and Slavery. - - Baxter, William, 1823- - cl., edu. - England, Ark. - Poems, Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, War Lyrics. - - Bay - Mo. - Bench and Bar of Missouri. - - Baylor, Frances Courtenay, 1848- - novelist - Ark., Va. - On Both Sides, Behind the Blue Ridge, A Shocking Example. - - Beale, Helen G. - Va. - Lansdowne. - - Beard, Richard, 1799-1880 - Pr. cl., edu. - Tenn. - Systematic Theology, Biographical Sketches, Why I Am a - Cumberland Presbyterian. - - Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant, 1818- - soldier - La. - Principles and Maxims of the Art of War, Defence of Charleston. - - Beck, George, 1749-1812 - edu. - England, Ky. - Poems, original, and translated from Greek and Latin. - - Bell, Orelia Key, 1864- - Ga. - Po' Jo, Jamestown Weed, and other poems. - - Bellamy, Mrs. Elizabeth Whitfield [Croom], "_Kamba Thorp_," 1839- - Fla., Ala. - Four Oaks, Little Joanna, Penny Lancaster Farmer, Old Man - Gilbert, The Luck of the Pendennings, (Ladies' Home Journal, - 1895). - - Bennett, Mrs. Martha Haines Butt - Va. - Pastimes with Little Friends, Leisure Moments. - - *Benton, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858 - statesman - N. C., Mo. - Thirty Years in the United States Senate. - - Berkeley, Sir William, 1610-1677 - colonial governor of Virginia, 1641-1676 - Va. - The Lost Lady, a Tragi-Comedy, 1638, Description of Virginia. - - Bernard, P. V. - La. - Un Ancêtre de la Sainte Alliance. - - Berrien, John Macpherson, 1781-1856 - statesman - N. J., Ga. - (Called "_The American Cicero_"), Address in Congress. - - Beverley, Robert, 1670-1735 - statesman, historian - Va. - History of the Present State of Virginia, 1705. - - Bigby, Mrs. Mary Catherine [Dougherty], 1839- - Ga. - Delilah, Death of Polk, and other poems. - - Bigney, Mark F. - La. - Forest Pilgrims, Wreck of the Nautilus, and other poems. - - Blackburn - Va. - Miss Washington of Virginia. - - Blair, Francis Preston, 1821-1875 - ed., soldier - Ky., Mo. - (Ed. "Mo. Democrat"), Life of General William O. Butler. - - Blair, James, 1656-1743 - first president of William and Mary College, - edu. - Scotland, Va. - State of His Majesty's Colony in Virginia, Sermons. - - Blake, Mrs. Lillie [Devereux], 1835- - N. C., N. Y. - Woman's Place To-day, Fettered for Life, Southwold, Rockford, - and other stories. - - Bland, Richard, ("Virginia Antiquary"), 1710-1776 - Va. - Letter to the Clergy, Rights of the British Colonies. - - Bledsoe, Albert Taylor, 1809-1877 - cl., edu. - Ky., Tenn., Va. - (Ed. "Southern Review"), Theodicy, Is Davis a Traitor? Edwards - on the Will, Liberty and Slavery, Philosophy of Mathematics. - "Dr. Bledsoe was a giant of Southern Literature." - - Bléton, C. - La. - De la Poésie dans l'Histoire. - - Blount, Annie R. - (_Jenny Woodbine_) - Ga. - Poems, (1860). - - Boernstein - Mo. - Mysteries of St. Louis. - - Boner, John Henry, 1845- - N. C., N. Y. - (One of the editors of the Century Dictionary, and of the - Library of American Literature), Whispering Pines (poems). - - Bosman, John Leeds, 1757-1823 - lawyer - Md. - History of Maryland, Verses and prose articles. - - Botts, John Minor, 1802-1869 - Va. - Great Rebellion. - - Boyce, James Petigru, 1827-1889 - Bapt. cl., edu. - S. C., Ky. - (Founder of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary), - Systematic Theology, Catechism. - - Boyle, Virginia Frazer, 1863- - Tenn. - Old Canteen, On Both Sides. - - Bradley, Thomas Bibb - Va. - Poems (with his cousin, Mrs. Creswell). - - Breckinridge, John Cabell, 1821-1875 - statesman, soldier - Ky. - Addresses. - - Breckinridge, Robert Jefferson, 1800-1871 - Pr. cl., edu. - Ky. - Internal Evidences of Christianity, Knowledge of God, Travels, - and other writings. - - Brewer, Willis - Ala. - Alabama. - - Bringhurst, Mrs. Nettie Houston (daughter of Sam Houston) - Tex. - Poems. - - Brisbane, Abbott Hall, 1861- - civil engineer - S. C. - Ralphston. - - Broadus, John Albert, 1827-1895 - Bapt. cl., edu. - Va., S. C., Ky. - Preparation and Delivery of Sermons, History of Preaching, - Sermons and Addresses, Commentary on Matthew, Memoir of James - P. Boyce, Harmony of the Gospels. - - Brock. R. A. - Va. - Virginia and Virginians, Southern Historical Society Papers. - - Brock, Miss Sallie A. (see Mrs. Putnam) - Va. - - Brooks, Nathan Covington, 1819- - edu. - Md. - Shelley, History of the Mexican War, Literary Amaranth, and - other writings. - - Brown, John Henry - Tex. - History of Texas. - - Brown, William Hill, 1766-1793 - N. C. - Poems. - - Browne, Emma Alice, 1840- - Md. - Poems--"The Water-Lilies Float Away," and others. - - Browne, William Hand, 1828- - edu. - Md. - English Literature, Life of Alexander H. Stephens, (with R. M. - Johnston), George and Cecilius Calvert, Maryland. - - Brownlow, William Gannaway, 1805-1877 - cl. - Va., Tenn. - Secession. - - Bruns, John Dickson, 1836- - phys., edu. - S. C., La. - "Charleston," "Wrecked," and other poems, Lectures on Tennyson - and Timrod, medical writings. - - Bryan, D. - Va. - Mountain Muse, Adventures of Daniel Boone. - - Bryan, E. L. - Va. - 1860-1865 (novel). - - Bryan, Mrs. Mary Edwards, 1846- - Fla., Ga. - Manch, Wild Work, Poems, and other works. - - Buchanan, Joseph, 1785-1829 - ed., inventor - Va., Ky. - Philosophy of Human Nature. - - Buckner, Mrs. R. T. - La. - Toward the Gulf. - - Burke, John W. - Ireland, Ga. - Life of Robert Emmet. - - Burnett, Mrs. Frances Hodgson - England, Tenn. - That Lass o' Lowrie's (1877), Surly Tim's Troubles (1872), - Haworth's (1879), Louisiana (1880), Fair Barbarian (1881), - Through One Administration (1883), Little Lord Fauntleroy - (1886), Sarah Crewe (1888), The Pretty Sister of José (1889), - Little Saint Elizabeth (1890), Giovanni and the Other (1891), - The One I Knew Best (1893), The Mind of a Child (1893), - (describing her son, the original of Fauntleroy). - - Butler, William Orlando, 1791-1880 - soldier - Ky. - Boatman's Horn (poem). - - *Byrd, William, 1674-1744 - statesman - Va. - Westover Manuscripts: History of the Dividing Line, A Journey - to the Land of Eden, Progress to the Mines. - - - Cable, George Washington, 1844- - La., Mass. - Old Creole Days (1879), Grandissimes (1880), Madam Delphine - (1881), Dr. Sevier (1883), Creoles of Louisiana (1884), The - Silent South (1885), Bonaventure (1887), Strange True Stories - of Louisiana, edited and revised by G. W. Cable (1889), Negro - Question (1890), John March, Southerner (1893-4). - - Caldwell, Charles, 1772-1853, - phys. - N. C., Ky. - Autobiography, and other works. - - Caldwell, James Fitz-James - S. C. - A Brigade of South Carolinians, Letters from Europe. - - *Calhoun, John Caldwell, 1782-1850 - statesman - S. C. - Addresses in Congress (6 vols). - - Calvert, George Henry, 1803-1880 - ed. - Md. - Poems, Goethe, Dante, St. Beuve, and other essays. - - Campbell, Charles, 1807-1876 - historian - Va. - Bland Papers, Introduction to the History of the Old Dominion, - Spotswood Family. - - Canonge, L. Placide, 1822- - dramatist - La. - Qui Perd Gagne, Brise du Sud, Le Comte de Carmagnola, - Institutions Américaines. - - Carleton, Henry Guy, 1835- - dramatist - N. M., La. - Memnon. - - Cardozo, J. N. - S. C. - Reminiscences of Charleston. - - Carroll, Mother Austin - La. - Annals of the Sisters of Mercy. - - Caruthers, William A., 1800-1850 - phys. - Va., Ga. - Knights of the Golden Horse-Shoe, Cavaliers of Virginia, - Kentuckians in New York. - - Castleman, Virginia C. - edu. - Va. - A Child of the Covenant, Belmont, a Tale of the New South. - - *Cawein, Madison, 1865- - poet - Ky. - Blooms of the Berry (1887), Days and Dreams, &c. - - Chambers, H. E. - La. - Histories of the United States (for schools). - - *Chanler, Mrs. Amélie Rives, 1863- - Va. - A Brother to Dragons and Other Stories (1888), Virginia of - Virginia (1888), The Quick or the Dead? (1888) and other - novels and dramas. - - Chapman, John A. - S. C. - The Walk (poem), History of South Carolina (for schools). - - Charlton, Robert M., 1807-1854 - lawyer - Ga. - Leaves from the Portfolio of a Georgia Lawyer, Sketches, Poems. - - Chaudron, Louis - Ala. - Madame La Marquise, and other comedies. - - Chittenden, William Lawrence, 1862- - N. J., Tex. - (called "Poet-Ranchman"), Ranch Verses. - - Clack, Mrs. Marie Louise - La. - Our Refugee Household (1866). - - Claiborne, John Francis Hamtranck, 1809-1884 - jour. - Miss. - Life and Times of General Sam. Dale, Life of J. A. Quitman - (1860), History of the War of Secession. - - Clarke, Mrs. Kate Upson, 1851- - Ala., N. Y. - That Mary Ann, and other writings. - - Clarke, Mrs. Mary Bayard [Devereux], 1830- - N. C. - Wood-Notes, Mosses from a Rolling Stone, Reminiscences of - Cuba, Stories, Sketches, Poems. - - *Clay, Henry, 1777-1852 - statesman - Va., Ky. - Addresses at the Bar and in Congress. - - Clemens, Jeremiah, 1814-1865 - Ala. - Rivals, Mustang Gray, and other novels. - - Cleveland, Henry - Ga. - Alexander H. Stephens (1866). - - Clingman, Thomas Lanier, 1812- - statesman, soldier - N. C. - Speeches, Mountains of North Carolina, Follies of the - Positive Philosophy. - - Cobb, Joseph Buckham, 1819-1858 - Ga., Miss. - Creole, Mississippi Scenes, Leisure Labor. - - Cobb, Thomas Read Rootes, 1823-1862 - lawyer - Ga. - Law of Slavery, Laws of Georgia, Addresses, Poems. - - Coleman, Charles Washington, Jr - Va. - Poems, Literature in the South. - - Collens, Thomas Wharton, 1812-1879 - lawyer - La. - Martyr Patriots (drama), Humanics, Eden of Labor. - - Collins, Clarence B. - Fla. - (Called "Sand-spur Philosopher"), Tom and Joe, (a story of the - war). - - Connelly, Emma M. - Ky. - Story of Kentucky, Tilting at Windmills. - - Conway, Moncure Daniel, 1832- - Va. - Idols and Ideals, Wandering Jew, Pine and Palm, Prisons of - Air, Life of Paine, and other works. - - Cook, E., colonial times - Va., Md. - Sot-Weed [_Tobacco_] Factor. - - *Cooke, Philip Pendleton, 1816-1850 - Va. - Froissart Ballads and other Poems (1847), John Carpe, Crime of - Andrew Blair, and other stories. - - *Cooke, John Esten, 1830-1886 - Va. - Virginia Comedians, Surry of Eagle's Nest, and other novels. - - Courmont, Félix de - La. - Le Morne Vert, L'Amour, Le Dernier des Caraïbes. - - *Craddock, Charles Egbert (Miss Murfree) - Tenn. - Prophet of the Great Smoky Mountains, &c. - - Crafts, William, 1787-1826 - lawyer - S. C. - Raciad, and other poems, essays, &c. - - Crane, William Carey, 1816-1885 - Bapt. cl., edu. - Va. Tex. - Life of General Sam Houston. - - Crawford, J. Marshall - Va. - Mosby and His Men (1867). - - Crawford, William Harris, 1772-1834 - statesman - Ga. - Speeches. - - Crawford, Nathaniel Macon, 1811-1871 - Bapt. cl., edu. - Ga., Ky. - Christian Paradoxes. - - Creswell, Mrs. Julia [Pleasants], 1827-1886 - Ala. - Callamura, Apheila, Poems. - - "Crim, Matt" - Ga. - Adventures of a Fair Rebel, In Beaver Cove and Elsewhere, - Elizabeth: Christian Scientist. - - *Crockett, David, 1786-1836 - soldier, hunter - Tenn. - Autobiography, &c. - - Cross, Mrs. Jane Tandy [Chinn], 1817-1870 - edu. - Ky. - Heart Blossoms, Azile, Six Months Under a Cloud (Prison Life). - - Crozier, Robert Haskins - cl. - Miss. - Confederate Spy. - - Cruse, Mary Ann - Ala. - Cameron Hall. - - Cumming, Kate, 1835- - Ala. - Hospital Life in the Army of Tennessee. - - *Curry, Jabez Lamar Monroe, 1825- - diplomate - Ala., Va. - Southern States of the American Union, &c. - - Custis, George Washington Parke, 1781-1857 - Va. - Memoir of Washington. - - Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie [Petit], 1831- - Va. - Light and Darkness, Household Mysteries, A Romance of Southern - Life. - - - Dabney, Richard, 1787-1825 - Va. - Poems, original and translated. - - Dabney, Robert Lewis, 1820- - edu. - Va., Tex. - Defence of Virginia and the South, Life of T. J. Jackson. - - Dabney, Virginius, 1835-1894 - Va. - Don Miff, Gold That Did Not Glitter. - - Dagg, John L., 1794-1884 - Bapt. cl., edu. - Va., Ga., Ala. - Manual of Theology, Moral Philosophy. - - Dalsheimer, Mrs. Alice [Solomon], 1845-1880 ("Salvia Dale") - La. - Motherhood, Twilight Shadows (poems). - - Dana, Mrs., _see Shindler_ - - *Dandridge, Mrs. Danske [Bedinger], 1859- - W. Va. - Joy and other Poems. - - Darby, John F. - Mo. - Personal Recollections. - - Darden, Mrs. Fannie A. D. [Baker] - Ala., Tex. - Comanche Boy, Old Brigade, and other poems. - - Dargan, Clara Victoria, 1840- - S. C. - Riverlands, Helen Howard, Poems. - - Daveiss, Mrs. Maria [Thompson], 1814- - Ky. - Roger Sherman, a Tale of '76, Woman's Love, Poems. - - David, Urbain - La. - Les Anglais à la Louisiane en 1814 et 1815. - - *Davidson, James Wood, 1829- - edu., jour. - S. C. - Living Writers of the South (1869), Poetry of the Future, &c. - - *Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889, - statesman - Miss. - Rise and Fall of the Confederacy. - - Davis, Mrs. Varina Jefferson [Howell] - Miss. - Jefferson Davis. - - Davis, Varina Anne, 1864 (called "Child of the Confederacy") - Miss. - An Irish Knight, Essays, &c. - - Davis, Mrs. Mary Evelyn [Moore] - Ala., Tex., La. - Minding the Gap and other Poems, In War Times at La Rose - Blanche, Keren Happuch, New Orleans Sketches. - - Davis, Henry Winter, 1817-1865, - statesman - Md. - War of Ahriman and Ormuzd in the Nineteenth Century, Speeches. - - Davis, Noah Knowles, 1830- - edu. - Ala., Va. - Logic, Moral Philosophy, &c. - - Davis, Reuben, 1813- - lawyer - Tenn., Miss. - Recollections of Mississippi. - - Davis, George L. L. - Md. - History of Maryland. - - Debouchel, Victor - La. - Histoire de la Louisiane. - - DeBow, James D. B., 1820-1867 - ed. - S. C., La. - Editorials in _DeBow's Review_, &c. - - Déjacque, Joseph - La. - Les Lazaréennes, Poésies Sociales, Fables, Chansons. - - De Kay, Charles, 1848- - jour. - D. C., Md. - Bohemians, Hesperus, Manmatha, &c. - - Deléry, François Charles, 1815-1880 - phys. - La. - L'Ecole du Peuple, Les Némésiennes Confédérées, and others. - - De Leon, T. Cooper - ed. - Ala. - Four Years in Rebel Capitals, A Fair Blockade-Breaker, Creole - and Puritan, and other stories. - - Dennis, James Teackle - Md. - On the Shores of an Inland Sea (Alaskan travel and life). - - Dessommes, George - La. - Geoffroy le Troubadour, A Deux Morts. - - De Vere, Maximilian Schele, 1820- - edu. - Sweden, Va. - Romance of American History, The Great Empress Agrippina, - Grammaire française, Studies in English, Americanisms, Modern - Magic, and other works. - - Devron, G. - La. - Montézuma, and studies in Louisiana History. - - Dew, Thomas Roderick, 1802-1846 - edu. - Va. - Policy of the Government, Slavery, and other Essays. - - Dickison, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth - S. C., Fla. - Dickison and His Men. - - Didier, Franklin James, 1794-1840 - phys. - Md. - Letters. - - Didier, Eugene Lemoine, 1838- - Md. - Life of Poe, Madame Bonaparte. - - Dimitry, Alexander, 1805-1883 ("_Guarnerius_") - edu. - La. - Greek Demetrius. - - Dimitry, John Bull Smith, 1835- - ed. - La. - History and Geography of Louisiana. - - Dimitry, Charles Patton, 1837- ("_Guarnerius, Jr._") - ed. - La., Va. - Braddock Field, House on Balfour Street, Poems. - - Dinnies, Mrs. Annie Peyre [Shackelford], 1816- - S. C., La. - The Floral Year, and other Poems. - - Dinwiddie, Robert - 1752-1758 colonial gov. of Va. - Dinwiddie Papers. - - Dodge, Richard Irving, 1827- - soldier, traveller - N. C. - Great West, Black Hills, &c. - - Doggett, Daniel Seth, 1810-1880 - M. E. bishop - Va. - War and Its Close. - - Donaldson, James Lowry, 1814-1885 - soldier - Md. - Sergeant Atkins (a tale of the Florida War). - - *Dorsey, Mrs. Sarah Anne [Ellis], 1829-1879 ("_Filia_") - Miss., La. - Recollections of H. W. Allen, and other works. - - Dorsey, Mrs. Anna Hanson, 1815- - D. C. - May Brooke, Oriental Pearls, &c. - - Dorsey, James Owen, 1848- - linguist - Md. - Indian Languages and Customs. - - Doussan, Gaston - La. - La Fayette en Amérique, Révolution française. - - Downing, Mrs. Fanny Murdaugh, 1835-1894 - Va. - Nameless, Pluto, Legend of Catawba, and other poems and - stories. - - *Drayton, William Henry, 1742-1779 - statesman - S. C. - Revolution in South Carolina. - - *Drayton, John, 1766-1822 - lawyer - gov. of S. C. - View of South Carolina, &c. - - Du Bose, Mrs. Catherine Anne [Richards], 1826- - Ga. - Wachulla (poem), Pastor's Household. - - Duffee, Mary Gordon, ca. 1840- - Ala. - Cleopatra, History of Alabama, Mammoth Cave, Blount Springs, &c. - - Duffy, Annie V. - N. C. - Glenalban and other Poems (1878). - - Dufour, Cyprien - La. - Esquisses Locales. - - Duggan, Mrs. Janie Prichard - N. C. - A Mexican Ranch (1894). - - Dugué, Charles Oscar, 1821- - ed. - La. - Le Cygne ou Mingo, Mila ou la Mort de La Salle, Essais - poétiques, Philosophie Morale (in French and English). - - Duke, Basil W. - soldier, ed. - Ky. - (Editor _Southern Magazine_), Morgan's Cavalry. - - Dupuy, Eliza Ann, 1814-1881 - Va., La. - Conspirators (story of Aaron Burr), and many other novels. - - - Early, John, 1785-1873 - M. E. bishop - Va. - Sermons. - - Early, Jubal Anderson, 1816-1894 - soldier - Va. - Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate - States. - - Eastman, Mrs. Mary Henderson, 1818- - Va. - Dacotah, Chicora, Aunt Phillis' Cabin (answer to Uncle Tom's - Cabin). - - Eaton, John Henry, 1790-1856 - Tenn. - Life of Andrew Jackson. - - Eaton, Thomas Treadwell, 1845- - Bapt. cl., ed. - Tenn., Va., Ky. - Talks on Getting Married, Sermons to Children, and other - sermons and addresses. - - Edwards, Harry Stillwell, 1854- - Ga. - Two Runaways, and other stories. - - Edwards, John Ellis, 1814- - M. E. cl. - N. C., Va. - Travels in Europe, Confederate Soldier, Log Meeting-House, - Life of J. W. Childs. - - Edwards, William Emory, 1842- - M. E. cl. - Va. - John Newsom: A Tale of College Life. - - Edwards, J. N. - Mo. - Shelby and His Men; Noted Guerrillas. - - Edwards, Mrs. - Mo. - Life of J. N. Edwards. - - Edwards, Ninian, 1775-1833 - statesman - Md. - Edwards Papers. - - Edwards, Wirt, 1809- - lawyer - Ky., Ill. - Life and Times of Ninian Edwards, History of Illinois. - - Edwards, Richard - Mo. - Great West. - - Elder, George A. M., 1794-1838 - ed., edu. - Ky. - Letters to Brother Jonathan. - - Elder, Mrs. Susan [Blanchard], 1835- ("_Hermine_") - La. - Loss of the Papacy, James II., Savonarola, Ellen Fitzgerald. - - Ellinjay, Louise - Va. - Rising Young Men, and other tales. - - Elliot, Benjamin, 1786-1836 - jurist - S. C. - Refutation of Calumnies as to Slavery, Militia System of South - Carolina. - - Elliott, William, 1788-1863 ("_Venator_," "_Piscator_," - "_Agricola_") - S. C. - Fiesco (tragedy), Carolina Sports by Land and Water, and other - articles. - - Elliott, Sarah Barnwell - Ga., Tenn. - Jerry, The Felmeres, John Paget. - - Ely, Richard Theodore, 1854- - edu. - Md. - French and German Socialism, Political Economy, Labor Movement. - - Emory, John, 1789-1835 - M. E. bishop - Md. - Divinity of Christ, Defence of Our Fathers. - - Emory, Robert, 1814-1848 - edu. - Md. - Life of Bishop Emory, History of the Discipline of the M. E. - Church. - - Emory, William Hemsley, 1811- - soldier - Md. - Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Missouri and California. - - England, John, 1786-1842 - first R. C. bishop of Charleston, S. C. - Works (5 volumes). - - Eve, Paul Fitzsimmons, 1806-1877 - surgeon, edu. - Ga., Tenn. - What the South and West have done for American Surgery. - - - *Fairbanks, George Rainsford, 1820- - soldier - Fla. - History of Florida, &c. - - Fanning, David, 1754-1825 - freebooter - N. C. - Narrative of Adventures in North Carolina, edited by J. H. - Wheeler (1861). - - Farmer, Henry Tudor, 1782-1828 - phys. - Eng., S. C. - Imagination and other poems. - - Farrar, F. R. - lawyer - Va. - Johnny Reb, Rip Van Winkle. - - Fauquier, Francis, 1720-1768 - colonial governor of Va. - Raising Money for the War. - - Ficklen, Mrs. John R. - La. - Dream Poetry. - - Field, Joseph M., 1810-1856 ("_Straws_") - actor - Mo. - Drama of Pokerville. - - Field, Kate, 1840- - ed. "_Kate Field's Washington_" - Mo., D. C. - Charles A. Fechter, Planchette's Diary, Ten Days in Spain, - Dickens' Readings, Hap-Hazard. - - Field, Miss L. A. - Ga. - History of the United States. - - Filley, Mrs. C. I. - Mo. - Chapel of the Infant Jesus. - - Filson, John, 1747-1788 - explorer - Ky., O. - Discovery, Settlement, and Present State of Kentucke. - - Finley, John, 1797-1866 - Va., Ind. - Hoosier's Nest and other poems. - - *Fisher, Miss Frances C. (_see Reid, Christian_) - - Fitzhugh, George, 1807-1881 - Va., Tex. - Sociology for the South, Cannibals All. - - Flash, Henry Lynden, 1835- - La., Cal. - What She Brought Me, and other poems. - - Fontaine, Lamar - Va., Tex. - (One of the reputed authors of "All Quiet Along the Potomac"), - In Memoriam (poems). - - Foote, Henry Stuart, 1800-1880 - statesman - Va., Tenn. - Texas and Texans, War of the Rebellion, Bench and Bar of the - South-West, Personal Reminiscences. - - Foote, William Henry, 1794-1869 - cl., edu. - Conn., Va. - Presbyterian Church in Virginia, Sketches of Virginia, - Sketches in North Carolina. - - Ford, Mrs. Sally Rochester, 1828- - Ky., Mo. - Grace Truman, Morgan and His Men, May Bunyan, Ernest Quest, - and other religious stories. - - Fortier, Florent - La. - La Salle. - - Fortier, Alcée - edu. - La. - Histoire de la Littérature française, Sept Grands Auteurs du - Dix-neuvième Siècle, Gabriel d'Ennerich, Louisiana Studies - (1894). - - Forwood, William Stump, 1830- - phys. - Md. - History of Harford County, La Fayette's Passage through - Harford County in 1781, Mammoth Cave of Kentucky. - - Fraser, Charles, 1782-1860 - artist - S. C. - Reminiscences of Charleston, Addresses, &c. - - Freeman, Mrs. (_Mary Forrest_) - Women of the South Distinguished in Literature. - - Frémont, John Charles, 1813-1890 - soldier - Ga., the West. - Frémont's Explorations, Memoirs of My Life. - - Frémont, Mrs. Jessie Benton, 1824- - Mo. - Story of the Guard, Life of Thomas Hart Benton, Souvenirs of - My Times. - - French, Benjamin Franklin, 1799- - Va., La. - Historical Annals of North America, Historical Collections of - Louisiana. - - French, Mrs. L. Virginia [Smith], 1830-1881 - Md., Tenn. - Wind Whispers, Iztahlxo, Legends of the South. - - Fuller, Edwin Wiley, 1847-1876 - N. C. - Angel in the Cloud (poem), Sea-Gift (novel). - - Furman, Richard, 1816-1886 - Bapt. cl. - S. C. - Pleasures of Piety and other poems, Description of Table-Rock. - - - Gadsden, Christopher Edwards, 1785-1852 - P. E. bishop - S. C. - Prayer-Book As It Is, Bishop Dehon, Sermons, &c. - - Gallagher, William Davis, 1808- - jour. - O., Ky. - Wreck of the Hornet, Errato, Miami Woods, and other poems. - - Garden, Alexander, 1685-1756 - P. E. cl. - Scot., S. C. - Letters to Whitefield, Sermons. - - Garden, Alexander, 1730-1791 - phys., nat. - S. C. - Botanical Writings (_Gardenia_, or Cape Jessamine, named in - his honor). - - Garden, Alexander, 1757-1829 - soldier - S. C. - Anecdotes of the Revolutionary War. - - Gardener, H. H. (_see Mrs. Smart_). - - Garland, Hugh A., 1805-1854 - lawyer - Va., Mo. - Life of John Randolph of Roanoke. - - Garnett, James Mercer, 1770-1843 - publicist - Va. - (Founder and first president of the U. S. Agricultural - Society), Female Education, Articles on Agriculture. - - Garnett, James Mercer, 1840- - edu. - Va. - English Literature, Translations of Anglo-Saxon Poems. - - Garrett - Ala. - Public Men of Alabama. - - Gaston, James McFadden - S. C. - Hunting a Home in Brazil. - - *Gayarré, Charles Étienne Arthur, 1805-1895 - La. - History of Louisiana and other works. - - Gentil, J. - La. - Elle (poésie). - - Gibbes, Robert Wilson, 1809-1846 - sci. - S. C. - Documentary History of the American Revolution, medical and - scientific works. - - Gibbons, James, 1834- - R. C. Cardinal - Md. - Faith of Our Fathers. - - Gibson, William, 1788-1868 - surgeon - Md., Ga. - Rambles in Europe, Surgery. - - Gilbert, David McConaughey, 1836- - Luth. cl. - Pa., Va. - Lutheran Church in Virginia, Muhlenberg's Ministry in - Virginia, &c. - - Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau, 1831- - edu. - S. C., Md. - Studies in Philology, editor of Greek texts. - - Gillespie, Joseph H. - cl., edu. - N. C. - Chancellorsville, Myra, Sumter, Elsinore and other poems - (1888). - - Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831- - edu. - Conn., Md. - Life of Monroe, &c. - - Gilmer, George Rockingham, 1790-1859 - lawyer - Ga. - Georgiana. - - Gilmor, Harry, 1838-1883 - soldier - Md. - Four Years in the Saddle. - - Girard, Mme D. - La. - Histoire des Etats-Unis, suivie de l'Histoire de la Louisiane. - - Glenn, James - from 1744 to 1755 governor of S. C. - Description of South Carolina. - - Glisan, Rodney, 1827- - surgeon - Md. - Journal of Army Life, Two Years in Europe. - - Goode - Mo. - The Story of a Life. - - Gordon, Armistead Churchill, 1855- - lawyer - Va. - Befo' de Wa' (with Thomas Nelson Page), Ode on the Unveiling - of the Soldiers' Monument (1894). - - Gorman, John Berry, 1793-1864 - phys. - S. C., Ga. - Philosophy of Animated Existence. - - Goulding, Francis Robert, 1810-1881 - Pr. cl. - Ga. - Little Josephine (1844), Robert and Harold or the Young - Marooners on the Florida Coast (1852 and 1866), Marooners' - Island (1868), Frank Gordon (1869), Fishing and Fishers, Life - Scenes from the Gospel History, Woodruff Stories (1870). - - *Grady, Henry Woodfen, 1850-1889 - ed. - Ga. - The New South. - - Granberry, John Cowper, 1829- - M. E. bishop - Va. - Bible Dictionary. - - Graves, Mrs. Adelia C. [Spencer], 1821- - edu. - Tenn. - Ruined Lives, Jephthah's Daughter (a drama). - - Grayson, William J., 1788-1863 - statesman - S. C. - Hireling and Slave, Chicora (poem), Life of J. L. Petigru, - and other works. - - Green, Alexander Little Page, 1806-1874 - cl. - Tenn. - Church in the Wilderness. - - Green, Duff, 1791-1875 - statesman - Ky. - Facts and Suggestions. - - Green, Thomas Jefferson, 1801-1863 - soldier - N. C. - Mississippi Expedition. - - Green, William Mercer, 1798-1887 - P. E. bishop - N. C., Tenn. - Memoir of Bishop Ravenscroft. - - Greenhow, Robert, 1800-1854 - Va. - History of Tripoli, Discovery of the Northwest Coast of North - America, History of Oregon and California. - - Gregg, Alexander, 1819- - P. E. bishop - S. C., Tex. - History of Old Cheraw, Life of Bishop Otey, Church in Texas. - - Griffin, Gilderoy Wells, 1840- - ed. - Ky. - Life of George D. Prentice, New Zealand. - - Griffith, Mattie (cousin of Lord Bulwer-Lytton) - Ky. - Poems. - - Grigsby, Hugh Blair, 1806-1881 - historian - Va. - Virginia Convention of 1776, and other historical studies. - - Grimké, John Faucheraud, 1752-1819 - jurist - S. C. - Laws of South Carolina and other works. - - Grimké, Thomas Smith, 1786-1834 - lawyer - S. C. - Addresses on Science, Education, and Literature, Free - Institutions. - - Grimké, Frederick, 1791-1863 - lawyer - S. C. - Ancient and Modern Literature. - - Grimké, Sarah Moore, 1792-1873 - S. C., N. J. - Condition of Women, Anti-slavery articles. - - Grisna, E. - La. - Pour un Nickel, Elégie, Pourquoi Jean Est Resté Garçon. - - Grundy, Felix, 1777-1840 - statesman - Va., Tenn. - Addresses, Oration on Jefferson and Adams. - - Gwyn, Mrs. Laura - S. C. - Poems. - - - Habersham, Alexander Wylly, 1826-1883 - naval officer - Ga., Md. - My Last Cruise. - - Hall, James, 1744-1826 - cl. - Pa., N. C. - Missionary Tour, Extraordinary Work of Religion in North - Carolina. - - Hall, Robert Pleasants, 1825-1854 - lawyer - S. C., Ga. - Winona, Cherokee, Poems by a South Carolinian. - - Hammond, James Henry, 1807-1864 - statesman - S. C. - Address on Calhoun, on the Admission of Kansas, and others. - - Hammond, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, 1814-1876 - statesman - S. C. - Essays, Critical History of the Mexican War. - - Hammond, John - colonist in 1635 - Va., Md. - Two Sisters, Leah and Rachel (meaning Virginia and Maryland). - - Hamor, Raphe - colonist - Va. - True Discourse of the Present State of Virginia (1615). - - Hampton, Wade, 1818- - soldier, statesman - S. C. - Addresses. - - Handy, Alexander Hamilton, 1809-1883 - jurist - Md., Miss. - Secession as a Right, Parallel Between the Reigns of James II. - and Abraham Lincoln. - - Harby, Isaac, 1788-1828 - ed. - S. C. - Alexander Severus, Gordian Knot, and other dramas. - - Hardee, William J., 1817-1873 - soldier - Ga., Ala. - United States Tactics. - - Hardinge, Mrs. Belle Boyd - Va. - Belle Boyd in Camp and Prison. - - Harney, William Wallace, 1831- - jour. - Ky., Fla. - Bitter Sweet, poems, essays, &c. - - Harney, John Milton, 1789-1825 - Del., Ky. - Crystalina, Whippoorwill, and other poems. - - Harper, Robert Goodloe, 1765-1825 - statesman - Va., Md. - Political Papers, addresses, &c. - - Harris, George Washington, 1814-1869 - humorist - Pa., Tenn. - Sut Lovingood's Yarns. - - *Harris, Joel Chandler, 1848- - lawyer, ed. - Ga. - Uncle Remus Stories, &c. - - Harrison, Mrs. Burton (née Gary), 1835- - Va., N. Y. - Anglomaniacs, Flower de Hundred, My Lord Fairfax, and other - novels. - - Harrison, Hall, 1837- - P. E. cl. - Md. - Memoir of Hugh Davy Evans, and other works. - - Harrison, James Albert, 1848- - edu. - Miss., Va. - Greek Vignettes, Spain, Story of Greece, Beowulf, &c. - - Hatcher, John E. ("G. W. Bricks") - Va. - Katie Lyle, Poems, &c. - - Hatcher, William E. - Bapt. cl. - Va. - Life of Jeremiah Bell Jeter, &c. - - Haw, Miss M. J. - Va. - The Rivals: A Tale of the Chickahominy. - - Hawkins, Benjamin, 1754-1816 - statesman - N. C., Ga. - Topography, Indian Character (he was agent among the Creeks). - - *Hawks, Francis Lister, 1798-1866 - P. E. cl. - N. C., N. Y. - History of North Carolina, and ecclesiastical works. - - Hawthorne, James Boardman, 1837- - Bapt. cl. - Ala., Ga. - St. Paul and the Women, Lectures, Sermons, and Addresses. - - Hay, George,--died 1830 ("_Hortensius_") - jurist - Va. - Life of John Thompson, &c. - - Haygood, Atticus Green, 1839- - M. E. cl. - Ga. - Our Children, Our Brother in Black, Sermons, &c. - - *Hayne, Robert Young, 1791-1839 - statesman - S. C. - Speeches. - - *Hayne, Paul Hamilton, 1830-1886 - poet - S. C., Ga. - Poems, &c. - - Hayne, William Hamilton, 1856- - poet - S. C., Ga. - Sylvan Lyrics. - - Haywood, John, 1753-1826 - jurist - N. C., Tenn. - Laws of North Carolina, Tennessee Reports, History of Tennessee. - - Hazelius, Ernest Lewis, 1777-1853 - Luth. cl. - S. C. - Life of Luther, Church History, &c. - - Heady, Morrison - blind and deaf poet - Ky. - Seen and Heard (poems). - - Heard, Thomas Jefferson, 1814- - phys. - Ga., Texas. - Topography and Climatology of Texas. - - Hearn, Lafcadio, 1850- - Greece, La., Japan. - Chita, Youma, Two Years in the French West Indies, Stray - Leaves from Strange Literature, Some Chinese Ghosts, - Unfamiliar Japan, &c. - - Helper, Hinton Rowan, 1829- - N. C. - Impending Crisis, Land of Gold, &c. - - Hempstead, Fay - ed. - Ark. - Random Arrows (poems), History of Arkansas. - - Hendrix, Eugene Russell, 1847- - M. E. bishop - Mo. - Around the World. - - Henkel, Moses Montgomery, 1798-1864 - M. E. cl. - Va. - Life of Bishop Bascom, Platform of Methodism, &c. - - *Henry, Patrick, 1736-1799 - orator, statesman - Va. - Speeches. - - Henry, William Wirt, 1831- - lawyer - Va. - Life of Patrick Henry, Defence of John Smith's History. - - Henry, Mrs. Ina M. [Porter] - Ala. - Roadside Stories, None but the Brave Deserve the Fair (drama). - - Hentz, Mrs. Caroline Lee [Whiting], 1800-1856 - edu. - Mass., N. C., Ala., Fla. - Rena, Aunt Patty's Scrap-Bag, Mob-Cap, Linda, Planter's - Northern Bride, and other novels. - - Herndon, Mrs. May Eliza [Hicks], 1820- - Ky. - Louisa Elton (reply to Uncle Tom's Cabin), Bandits of State, - Poems, &c. - - Herndon, William Lewis, 1813-1857 - naval officer - Va. - Explorations of the Valley of the Amazon, Vol. I. - - Herrick, Mrs. Sophie McIlwaine [Bledsoe], 1837- - Va. - (Editor of the "_Southern Review_" after the death of her - father, Dr. A. T. Bledsoe), Wonders of Plant Life. - - Herron, Fanny E. - Fla. - Siege of Muran, Glenelglen. - - Hewat, Alexander, 1745-1829 - Pr. cl. - S. C. - History of South Carolina and Charleston (the first history of - the State), Sermons, &c. - - Higbee, Miss - Ky. - In God's Country (novel). - - Hill, Daniel Harvey, 1821-1889 - soldier, ed. - S. C., N. C. - (Editor of "_Land We Love_," 1866-1868), Algebra, Sermon on - the Mount, Crucifixion. - - Hill, Theophilus Hunter, 1836- - ed. - N. C. - Hesper and other poems (1861, the first book copyrighted by - the Confederate Government), Poems (1869), Passion-Flower and - other poems (1883). - - Hill, Walter Henry, 1822- - R. C. cl. - Ky. - Ethics, History of St. Louis University. - - Hilliard, Henry Washington, 1808- - lawyer - N. C., S. C., Ga., Ala. - De Vane (novel), Speeches, translated "_Roman Nights_." - - Hoge, Moses, 1752-1820 - Pr. cl., edu. - Va. - Christian Panoply (answer to Paine's "_Age of Reason_"), - Sermons. - - Hoge, Moses Drury, 1819- - Pr. cl. - Va. - Oration on Stonewall Jackson, Sermons, &c. - - Holbrook, Silas Pinckney, 1796-1835 - lawyer, jour. - S. C., Mass. - Amusing Letters, Sketches by Traveller, &c. - - Holcombe, William Henry, 1825- - phys. - Va., La. - Southern Voices, Poems, The Sexes, Our Children in Heaven, In - Both Worlds, End of the World, Homoeopathy, New Life, - Mystery of New Orleans. - - Holden, Edward Singleton, 1846- - edu., astronomer - Mo., N. C., Cal. - Astronomy, Sir William Herschel. - - Holland, Edward Clifford, 1794-1824 - S. C. - Odes, Naval Songs, &c. - - Holley, Mrs. Mary Austin, died 1846 - La. - History of Texas, Memoir of Horace Holley. - - Holloway, Mrs. Elizabeth [Howel] - Tenn. - Crag and Pine, (western stories). - - Holloway, Mrs. Laura Carter, 1848- - Tenn., Ky. - Ladies of the White House, Mothers of Great Men, and other - works. - - Holmes, Isaac Edward, 1796-1867 - statesman - S. C. - Recreations of George Taletell. - - Holmes, Mrs. Mary Jane [Hawes] - Mass., Ky. - Tempest and Sunshine, Lena Rivers, and many other novels. - - Holt, John Saunders, 1826-1886 ("_Abraham Page_") - lawyer - Ala., Miss. - Life of Abraham Page, The Quines, &c. - - Homes, Mrs. Mary Sophie [Shaw] [Rogers], 1830- - Md., La. - Progression, or the South Defended; Wreath of Rhymes. - - Hood, John Bell, 1831-1879 - soldier - Ky., La. - Advance and Retreat, Personal Experiences in the United States - and Confederate Armies. - - Hooper, Sue E. - Va. - Ashes of Roses and other stories. - - Hooper, Johnson Jones, 1815-1863 - lawyer - N. C., Ala. - Adventures of Captain Suggs, Widow Rugby's Husband. - - *Hope, James Barron, 1827-1887 - ed. - Va. - Arms and the Man (ode for the Centennial Celebration of the - Battle of Yorktown, 1881). - - Horne, Mrs. Ida Harrell - N. C. - Under the Snow, Crushed Violets, and other poems. - - Hoskins, Mrs. Josephine R. - La. - Love's Stratagem. - - Hotchkiss, Jed. - Va. - Battlefields of Virginia (with Wm. Allan). - - Houssaye, de la, Madame S. - La. - Le Mari de Marguerite. - - *Houston, Sam, 1793-1863 - soldier, president of Texas. - State Papers. - - Houston, A. C. - Va. - Hugh Harrison (novel). - - Howe, W. W. - La. - Municipal History of New Orleans, The Late Lamented (drama). - - Howell, Robert Boyle Crawford, 1801-1868 - Bapt. cl. - N. C., Va., Tenn. - Deaconship, Early Baptists of Virginia, &c. - - Howison, Robert Reid, 1820- - Va. - History of Virginia, Life of Morgan, of Marion, of Gates, - History of the War, History of the United States. - - Hubner, Charles W., 1835- - ed. - Md., Ga. - Historical Souvenirs, Poems, Essays, &c. - - Hughes, Robert William, 1821- - ed. - Va., N. C. - American Dollar, Lives of Gen. Floyd and Gen. J. E. Johnston. - - Humes, Thomas W. - Tenn. - Loyal Mountaineers of Tennessee. - - Hungerford, James - Md. - The Old Plantation, Master of Beverley. - - Hunter, Robert Mercer Taliaferro, 1809-1887 - statesman - Va. - Speeches. - - - Ingraham, Joseph Holt, 1809-1860 - P. E. cl. - Me., Miss. - Southwest by a Yankee, Lafitte or Pirate of the Gulf, American - Lounger, Prince of the House of David, Pillar of Fire, Throne - of David. - - Izard, Ralph, 1742-1804 - statesman - S. C. - Correspondence 1774-1784. - - - Jackson, Mrs. Mary Ann [Morrison] - N. C. - Life of General T. J. Jackson. - - Jackson, Henry Rootes, 1820- - ed., jurist - Ga. - Tallulah and other Poems. - - Jamison, Mrs. C. V. - La. - Story of an Enthusiast, Lady Jane. - - Janney, Samuel Macpherson, 1801-1880 - Friend - Va. - Country School-House, Last of the Lenapes, Life of Penn, of - Fox, and other works. - - Jarratt, Devereux, 1733-1801 - P. E. cl. - Va. - Autobiography, Sermons. - - *Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 - statesman, third President - Va. - Autobiography, Declaration of Independence, Notes of Virginia, - and other works. - - Jeffreys, Mrs. Rosa Vertner [Griffin], 1828 - Miss., Ky. - Poems by Rosa, Marsh, Woodburn, Crimson Hand, and other - novels. - - Jervey, Mrs. Caroline Howard [Gilman] [Glover], 1823- - S. C. - Vernon Grove, Helen Courtenay's Promise, Poems, &c. - - Jeter, Jeremiah Bell, 1802-1880 - ed., Bapt. cl. - Va. - Life of Mrs. Shuck, of A. Broaddus, Recollections of a Long - Life, &c. - - Johns, John, 1796-1876 - P. E. bishop - Va. - Memorial of Bishop Meade. - - Johnson, Richard W., 1827- - soldier - Ky. - Life of General G. H. Thomas, A Soldier's Reminiscences. - - Johnson, Mrs. Sarah [Barclay], 1837-1885 - Va., Syria. - Hadji in Syria. - - Johnson, William, 1771-1834 - jurist - S. C. - Life and Correspondence of Major-General Greene. - - Johnson, Joseph, 1776-1862 - phys. - S. C. - Traditions and Reminiscences of the Revolution. - - Johnson, William Bullien, 1782-1862 - Bapt. cl. - S. C. - Memoir of N. P. Knapp, and other works. - - Johnston, Joseph Eggleston, 1807-1891 - soldier - Va. - Narrative of Military Operations during the Late War. - - *Johnston, Richard Malcolm, 1822- - Ga., Md. - Dukesborough Tales, &c. - - Johnston, William Preston, 1831- - edu. - Ky., La. - Life of General Albert Sidney Johnston, Shakspere Studies, My - Garden Walk (poems). - - Jones, Buehring H., 1823- - soldier - W. Va. - The Sunny Land, or Prison Prose and Poetry. - - Jones, Charles Colcock, 1804-1863 - Pr. cl. - Ga. - Religious Instruction for Negroes, Church of God. - - *Jones, Charles Colcock, Jr., 1831-1893 - lawyer - Ga. - History of Georgia, &c. - - Jones, Hugh, 1669-1760 - P. E. cl. - Eng., Va. - Present State of Virginia. - - Jones, John Beauchamp, 1810-1866 - ed. - Md., Pa., Va. - Books of Visions, Rural Sports (poem), Western Merchant, Wild - Western Scenes, Rival Belles, Adventures of Col. Vanderbomb, - Monarchist, Country Merchant, Freaks of Fortune, Rebel War - Clerk's Diary at the Confederate States Capital (1866). - - Jones, John William, 1836- - Bapt. cl. - Va. - Army of Northern Virginia, Christ in the Camp, Personal - Reminiscences of R. E. Lee, Davis Memorial Volume, &c. - - Jones, Joseph Seawell, 1811-1855 - N. C. - Revolutionary History of North Carolina, Memorials of North - Carolina. - - Jordan, Mrs. Cornelia Jane [Matthew], 1830- - Va. - Richmond, Corinth, Flowers of Hope and Memory. - - Jordan, Thomas, 1819- - soldier - Va., Tenn. - Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Forrest. - - Joynes, Edward Southey, 1834- - edu. - Va., S. C., Tenn. - Study of the Classics, Modern Languages, Text-books, &c. - - - Kavanaugh, Benjamin Taylor, 1805-1888 - Ky. - Great Central Valley of North America, Notes of a Western - Rambler, Electricity the Motor Power of the Solar System. - - Keiley, Anthony M. - Va. - In Vinculis, or the Prisoner of War (1866). - - Kendall, George Wilkins, 1809-1867 - ed. - La., Texas. - (Founder of the N. O. _Picayune_), Santa Fé Expedition, War - between the United States and Mexico. - - Kenly, John Reese, 1822- - soldier - Md. - Memoirs of a Maryland Volunteer. - - *Kennedy, John Pendleton, 1795-1870 - Md. - Horse-Shoe Robinson, &c. - - Kennedy, William, 1799-1849 - English consul - Scot., Texas. - Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic of Texas, Texas, - its Geography, Natural History, and Topography. - - Kenney, Martin Joseph, 1819-1861 - ed., lawyer - Md. - Histories and Biographies for school use. - - Kercheval, S. - Va. - History of the Valley of Virginia (1833, 1850). - - Ketchum, Mrs. Annie Chambers, 1824- - edu. - Ky., Tenn. - Lotus-Flowers (poems), Rilla Motto (novel), Nellie Bracken, - Benny, Teacher's Empire. - - *Key, Francis Scott, 1780-1843 - lawyer - Md. - Star-Spangled Banner, and other poems. - - King, Mrs. Sue Petigru - S. C. - Busy Moments of an Idle Woman, Lily, Sylvia's World, and other - novels. - - *King, Grace - La. - Balcony Stories, History of Louisiana, &c. - - Kinloch, Francis, 1755-1826 - statesman - S. C. - Letters from Geneva, Eulogy on George Washington. - - Knott, James Proctor, 1830- - statesman - Ky. - Duluth Speech. - - Kouns, Nathan Chapman, 1833- - Mo. - Arius the Libyan, Dorcas the Daughter of Faustina. - - Kroeger, Adolph Ernst, 1837-1882 - ed. - Mo. - Minnesingers of Germany. - - - La Borde, Maximilian, 1804-1873 - edu. - S. C. - History of South Carolina College, Story of Lethea and Verona. - - La Costa, Marie - Ga. - Somebody's Darling. - - Ladd, Mrs. Catharine [Stratton], 1809- - edu. - Va., S. C. - Tales, Essays, and Poems. - - Ladd, Joseph Brown, 1764-1786 - phys. - R. I., S. C. - Poems of Arouet. - - Lamal, P. - La. - Voyage en Océanie. - - *Lamar, Mirabeau Buonaparte, 1798-1859 - Ga., Tex. - (Second president of Texas), Verse Memorials. - - Lamar, John B., 1819-1862 - Ga. - Polly Peachblossom's Wedding, Blacksmith of Smoky Mountain. - - Lance, William, 1791-1840 - lawyer - S. C., Tex. - Life of Washington (in Latin), Essays. - - *Lanier, Sidney, 1842-1881 - poet - Ga., Md. - Poems, Tiger-Lilies (novel), &c. - - Lanier, Clifford Anderson - Ga., Ala. - Thorn Fruit, Two Hundred Bales (novels), Poems, and Essays. - - Latil, Alexandre - La. - Ephémères, Essais poétiques, &c. - - Latrobe, John Hazlehurst Boneval, 1803- - lawyer, inventor - Md. - Picture of Baltimore, History of Maryland, Biography of - Charles Carroll, Reminiscences of West Point, and other - writings. - - *Laurens, Henry, 1724-1792 - statesman - S. C. - Confinement in Tower of London, political and State papers. - - Laurens, John, 1756-1782 (called "Bayard of the Revolution") - S. C. - Letters (edited by Wm. Gilmore Simms). - - *Lawson, John, died 1712 - Scot., N. C. - A New Voyage to Carolina (history of North Carolina). - - Lay, Henry Champlin, 1823-1885 - P. E. bishop - Va., Md. - Studies in the Church and Nation. - - Le Conte, John Eatton, 1784-1860 - naturalist - N. J., Ga. - North American Butterflies. - - Le Conte, John, 1818-1891 - physicist - Ga., Cal. - Physics and Meteorology. - - Le Conte, Joseph, 1823- - geologist - Ga., Cal. - Manual of Geology, Light, Evolution, &c. - - Lederer, John, traveller in 1669-70 - Discoveries of John Lederer in Three Marches in Virginia and - Carolina (in Latin). - - Lee, Arthur, 1740-1792 - diplomate - Va. - Monitor's Letters, Junius Americanus. - - Lee, Fitz Hugh, 1835- - soldier - Va. - Life of Robert Edward Lee. - - *Lee, Henry, 1756-1818 - soldier - Va. - Champe's Adventure, War in the Southern Department. - - Lee, Henry, 1787-1837 - Va. - Campaign of 1781 in South Carolina, Writings of Thomas - Jefferson, Life of Napoleon. - - Lee, Jesse, 1758-1816 - M. E. cl. - Va., Md. - History of Methodism. - - Lee, Leroy Madison, 1808-1882 - M. E. cl. - Va. - Life of Jesse Lee, Sermons, &c. - - Lee, Mary Elizabeth, 1813-1849 - S. C. - Historical Tales for Youth, Poems. - - Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1794 - orator and statesman - Va. - Speeches and Letters in Revolutionary Times. - - Lee, Richard Henry, 1802-1865 - Va. - Life of R. H. Lee (his grandfather), Life of Arthur Lee. - - *Lee, Robert Edward, 1807-1870 - soldier, edu. - Va. - Orders, Letters, &c. - - Lee, Samuel Phillips, 1812- - Va. - Cruise of the Dolphin. - - Lee, Mrs. Susan Pendleton - Va. - Life of Gen. William N. Pendleton, History of the United - States (in press). - - *Legaré, Hugh Swinton, 1797-1843 - jurist - S. C. - Essays, Speeches, Diary. - - Legaré, Mary Swinton (Mrs. Bullen) - S. C. - Memoir and Writings of Hugh Swinton Legaré. - - Legaré, James Matthews, 1823-1859 - inventor, poet - S. C. - Orta-Undis, and other Poems. - - Leighton, William, Jr., 1833- - Mass., W. Va. - Sons of Godwin, Change, Hamlet, Price of the Present Paid by - the Past. - - Leonard, Agnes (see Mrs. Scanland) - - *Le Vert, Mrs. Octavia Walton, 1810-1877 - Ga., Fla., Ala. - Souvenirs of Travel. - - Levy, Samuel Yates, 1827- - Ga. - Italian Bride (drama). - - Lieber, Francis, 1800-1872 - edu. - Ger., Pa., S. C. - Civil Liberty and Self-Government, Encyclopaedia Americana, - Political Ethics, Character of Gentlemen, &c. - - Lindsay, John Summerfield, 1842- - P. E. cl. - Va. - St. John's Church, Hamilton Parish, True American Citizen. - - Lipscomb, Andrew Adgate, 1816- - M. E. cl., edu. - Ga. Ala., Va. - Studies in the Forty Days, and other essays. - - Lloyd, Mrs. Annie Creight - Ala. - Garnet, Hagar, Pearl (novels). - - Logan, John Henry, 1822-1885 - phys. - S. C. - History of the Upper Country of South Carolina. - - Long, Armistead Lindsay, 1827- - soldier - Va. - Memoir of R. E. Lee (1866). - - Long, Charles Chaillé, 1842- - soldier - Md. - Central Africa, The Three Prophets, &c. - - Long, Crawford W., 1815-1878 - phys. - Ga. - (Discoverer of Anæsthesia), medical writings. - - Long, Mrs. Ellen Call - Fla. - Romance of Tallahassee. - - *Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin, 1790-1870 - edu. - Ga. - Georgia Scenes and other writings. - - Lord, Mrs. Alice E. - Md. - The Days of Lamb and Coleridge, (1894). - - Loughborough, Mrs. Mary Webster, 1836-1887 - Ark. - My Cave Life in Vicksburg (1864), For Better, For Worse, and - other Stories. - - Lowndes, Rawlins, 1722-1800 - statesman - W. Indies, S. C. - Political addresses. - - *Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836- - jurist - W. Va. - Land Where We Were Dreaming, and other poems, &c. - - Lussan, A. - La. - Les Martyrs de la Louisiane (tragedy). - - Lynch, James Daniel, 1836- - lawyer - Va., Miss., Tex. - Clock of Destiny, Star of Texas, Siege of the Alamo, Bench and - Bar of Mississippi, Bench and Bar of Texas. - - Lynch, Patrick Niesen, 1817-1882 - R. C. bishop - Ireland, S. C. - Vatican Council and other religious writings. - - Lynch, William Francis, 1800-1865 - naval officer - Va., Md. - United States Expedition to the Jordan and Dead Sea. - - - McAdoo, William Gibbs, 1820- - jurist - Tenn. - Poems, Elementary Geology of Tennessee. - - McAdoo, Mrs. Mary Faith [Floyd], 1832- - Tenn. - Nereid, Antethusia. - - McAfee, Robert Breckenridge, 1784-1849 - lawyer - Ky. - History of the War of 1812. - - McAfee, Mrs. Nelly Nichol [Marshall], 1845- - Ky. - Eleanor Morton or Life in Dixie, As by Fire, Wearing the - Cross, and other novels. - - McAnally, David Rice, 1810- - Tenn. - Martha Laurens Ramsay, Lives of Rev. William and Rev. Samuel - Patton. - - McCabe, John Collins, 1810-1875 - P. E. cl. - Va. - Scraps (poems). - - McCabe, James Dabney, Jr., 1842- - Va. - Gray-Jackets, Life of Jackson, Life of A. S. Johnston, Paris - by Gaslight and Sunlight, Life of Gen. Lee, Centennial History - of the United States, Young Folks Abroad, &c. - - *McCabe, William Gordon, 1841- - edu. - Va. - Ballads of Battle and Bravery (1873), Defence of Petersburg in - Campaign 1864-5 (1876). - - McCaleb, Thomas - La. - Anthony Melgrave. - - McCall, Hugh, 1767-1824 - soldier - Ga. - History of Georgia. - - McCalla, William Latta, 1788-1859 - Pr. cl. - Ky., La. - Adventures in Texas 1840, Doctorate of Divinity, Sermons. - - McClelland, Mary Greenway - Va. - Oblivion, Norwood, White Heron, Eleanor Gwynn, Princess, Jean - Monteith, Madam Silva, Burkett's Lock. - - McClung, John Alexander, 1804-1859 - Pr. cl. - Ky. - Sketches of Western Adventure. - - McClurg, James, 1747-1825 - phys. - Va. - Belles of Williamsburg (poem, in John Esten Cooke's "Virginia - Comedians"). - - *M'Cord, Mrs. Louisa Susannah [Cheves], 1810-1880 - S. C. - My Dreams (poems), Essays, &c. - - McCulloh, James Haines, 1793- - Md. - American Aboriginal History. - - McDowell, Mrs. Katharine Sherwood [Bonner], 1849-1884 - Miss. - Like unto Like, Dialect Tales, "Radical Club" (poem). - - McDowell, Silas, 1795-1879 - artisan - S. C., N. C. - Above the Clouds, Theory of the Thermal Zone. - - McDuffie, George, 1788-1851 - statesman - governor of S. C. - Speeches, Eulogy on R. Y. Hayne (1840). - - McFerrin, John Berry, 1807-1887 - M. E. cl. - Tenn. - History of Methodism in Tenn. - - McGarvey, John William, 1829- - cl., edu. - Ky. - Commentary on Acts, Matthew, and Mark, Lands of the Bible, - Text and Canon. - - McGuire, Mrs. Judith Walker [Brockenbrough], 1813- - Va. - Diary of a Southern Refugee during the War, by a lady of - Virginia (1861-5), Life of Lee (for Sunday-Schools). - - McGuire, Hunter Holmes, 1835- - surgeon - Va. - Medical Writings, Account of the Death of Stonewall Jackson - (whose attending physician he was), Life of Jackson (yet - unpublished). - - McIntosh, Maria Jane, 1803-1878 ("_Aunt Kitty_") - Ga., N. J. - To Seem and To Be, Woman in America, Two Lives, Blind Alice, - and other stories for girls. - - McKenney, Thomas Lorraine, 1785-1859 - Md. - Tour to the Lakes, Travels among Northern and Southern - Indians. - - Mackey, John, 1765-1831 - edu. - S. C. - Text-book on Arithmetic (the first one published in America). - - Mackey, Albert Gallatin, 1807-1881 - phys. - S. C. - Free Masonry, Mystic Tie, and other Masonic works. - - McLeod, Mrs. Georgiana A. [Hulse] - edu. - Fla. - Sunbeams and Shadows, Ivy Leaves from the Old Homestead. - - McMahon, John Van Lear, 1800-1871 - Md. - Historical View of Maryland. - - Macon, John Alfred, 1851- - jour. - Ala. - Uncle Gabernarius, Uncle Gabe Tucker, Christmas at the - Quarters, and other dialect poems. - - McRee, John Griffith, 1820-1872 - lawyer - N. C. - Life of James Iredell. - - McSherry, James, 1819-1869 - lawyer - Md. - History of Maryland, Père Jean, Willitoft. - - McSherry, Richard, 1817-1885 - phys. - W. Va., Md. - El Puchero, or a Mixed Dish from Mexico, Medical Essays. - - McTyeire, Holland Nimmons, 1824- - M. E. bishop - S. C. - Duties of Christian Masters, Catechism, History of the - Methodist Discipline. - - *Madison, James, 1751-1836 - statesman, fourth President - Va. - State papers. - - Madison, Mrs. Dorothy [Payne] [Todd], 1772-1849 - N. C., Va. - Letters (edited by her grand-niece). - - Maffit, John Newland, 1795-1850 - M. E. cl. - Ala., Ark. - Pulpit Sketches, Poems, Autobiography. - - Magill, Mary Tucker, 1832- - Va. - The Holcombes (novel), Chronicle of the Late War, History of - Virginia. - - Magruder, Allan Bowie, 1755-1822 - statesman - Ky. - Cession of Louisiana, Character of Jefferson, Indians - (unfinished). - - Magruder, Allan B. - Va. - Life of John Marshall. - - Magruder, Julia, 1854- - Va. - Across the Chasm, At Anchor, Honored in the Breach, - Magnificent Plebeian, A Beautiful Alien, and other stories. - - Mallary, Charles Dutton, 1801-1864 - Bapt. cl. - S. C., Ga. - Memoir of Jesse Mercer, Life of Edmund Botsford. - - Mangum, A. W., 1834- - M. E. cl. - N. C. - Myrtle Leaves, Safety Lamp. - - Mann, Ambrose Dudley, 1801- - diplomate - Va. - Memoirs. - - Marean, Mrs. Beatrice - Fla. - Tragedies of Oakhurst, Her Shadowed Life, &c. - - Marigny, Bernard de - La. - La Politique des Etats-Unis. - - Marks, Elias, 1790-1886 - edu. - S. C. - Elfreide of Guldal, and other poems. - - Marr, Frances Harrison, 1835- - Va. - Heart Life in Song, Virginia, and other poems. - - *Marshall, John, 1755-1835 - jurist - Va. - Life of Washington, Decisions of the Supreme Court. - - Marshall, Charles, 1830- - lawyer - Va. - Life of R. E. Lee. - - Marshall, Humphrey, 1756-1841 - statesman - Va., Ky. - History of Kentucky. - - Marshall, Thomas Francis, 1801-1864 - orator, lawyer - Ky. - Speeches. - - Martin, Mlle Désirée - La. - Le Destin d'un Brin de Mousse. - - Martin, François Xavier, 1764-1846 - jurist - N. C., La. - History of North Carolina, History of Louisiana. - - Martin, Joseph Hamilton, 1825-1887 - Pr. cl. - Tenn., S. C., Va., Ky. - Historical poems: Smith and Pocahontas, Declaration of - Independence, &c. - - Martin, Luther, 1748-1826 - lawyer - N. J., Md. - Defence of Captain Cresap, Modern Gratitude, Speeches. - - Martin, Mrs. Margaret Maxwell, 1807- - edu. - S. C. - Heroines of Early Methodism, Scenes in South Carolina, - Day-Spring, Christianity in Earnest, Poems. - - Martin, Mrs. Sallie M. [Davis] - S. C., Ga. - Lalla de Vere, Women of France. - - Marvin, Enoch Mather, 1823-1877 - M. E. bishop - Mo. - Work of Christ, To the East by Way of the West. - - Mason, George, 1725-1792 - statesman - Va. - Speeches. - - Mason, Emily Virginia, 1815- - Ky., Va. - Life of R. E. Lee, _Edited_ Southern Poems of the War. - - Mason, Otis Tufton - scientist - D. C. - Woman's Share in Primitive Culture (1894). - - *Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873 - naval officer, sci. - Tenn., Va. - Physical Geography of the Sea, &c. - - Maury, Ann, 1803-1876 - Memoirs of a Huguenot Family. - - Maury, Mrs. Sarah Mytton [Hughes], 1803-1849 - Eng., Va. - English Women in America, Statesmen of America, Etchings from - the Caracci. - - Maury, Dabney Herndon, 1822- - soldier - Va. - Skirmish Drill, Recollections of a Virginian (1894). - - Maxcy, Jonathan, 1768-1820 - edu. - Mass., S. C. - (First president of South Carolina College), Orations, - Sermons, Addresses (ed. by R. Elton, D. D.). - - Maxwell, Hu - W. Va. - Idylls of Golden Shore, poems. - - Maxwell, William, 1784-1857 - ed. Va. Historical Register - Va. - Memoir of Rev. John H. Rice. - - Mayer, Brantz, 1809-1879 - Md. - Journal of Charles Carroll, Baltimore, Captain Canot, Mexico. - - Mayo, Joseph - Va. - Woodburne (novel of Virginia and Maryland). - - Mayo, Robert, 1784-1864 - ed. - Va., D. C. - Mayo Family, System of Mythology, Ancient Geography and - History, Treasury Department. - - Mead, Edward C. - Va. - History of the Lee Family in Virginia and Maryland from A. D. - 1200 to 1866. - - Meade, William, 1789-1862 - P. E. bishop - Va. - Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of Virginia, Sermons, - The Bible and the Classics. - - *Meek, Alexander Beaufort, 1814-1865 - Ala. - Red Eagle, Romantic Passages, &c. - - Mell, Patrick Hues, 1814-1888 - Bapt. cl., edu. - Ga. - Parliamentary Practice, Philosophy of Prayer, Baptism, Church - Discipline. - - Memminger, Charles Gustavus, 1803- - Ger., S. C. - Book of Nullification. - - Mercier, Alfred - La. - L'Habitation St. Ybars, La Rose de Smyrne, L'Hermite de - Niagara, La Fille du Prêtre. - - Meriwether, Elizabeth Avery - Miss. - Master of Red Leaf. - - Meriwether, Lee, 1862- - Miss. - European Labor, Tramp Trip, How to See Europe on Fifty Cents a - Day. - - Méry, Gaston Étienne, 1793-1844 - La. - La Légende du Corsaire Lafitte, La Politique Américaine et Les - Indiens. - - Messenger, Mrs. Lilian Rozelle, 1853- - Ky., Ala., Ark. - Poems. - - Metcalfe, Samuel L., 1798-1856 - phys. - Va., Ky. - Indian Warfare in the West, Caloric, &c. - - Michel, William Middleton, 1822- - phys. - S. C. - (_Editor, Medical and Surgical Journal_), Development of the - Opossum. - - Middleton, Arthur, 1742-1787 ("_Andrew Marvell_") - S. C. - Political Essays, Speeches, &c. - - Middleton, John Izard, 1785-1849 - S. C. - Grecian Remains in Italy, Cyclopean Walls. - - Middleton, Henry, 1797-1876 - S. C. - Prospects of Disunion, Government and Currency, Causes of - Slavery, Universal Suffrage. - - Miles, George Henry, 1824-1871 - dramatist - Md. - Mahomet, De Soto, Mary's Birthday, Aladdin's Palace, Señor - Valiente, Cromwell, Seven Sisters, Abou Hassan the Wag, - Landing of the Pilgrims of Maryland, Christine (story in - verse), Inkerman (lyric), Glimpses of Tuscany, Loretto or the - Choice, Truce of God, Review of Hamlet. - - Miller, Mrs. Mary [Ayer], ("_Luola_") - N. C. - Wood Notes (poems), and Sunday-school books. - - Miller, Stephen Franks, 1810-1867 - lawyer - N. C., Ga. - Bench and Bar of Georgia, Wilkins Wilder, Memoir of Gen. David - Blackshear. - - Milligan, Robert, 1814-1875 - edu., cl. - Ireland, Ky. - Prayer, Reason and Revelation, Annals of the New Testament, - Great Commission, Commentary on Hebrews. - - Mills, Robert, 1781-1855 - architect - S. C. - (Designer of the Washington Monument at Washington), - Statistics of South Carolina, American Pharos. - - Mitchell, Ormsby McKnight, 1809-1862 - astronomer - Ky., S. C. - Planetary and Stellar Worlds, Orbs of Heaven, Physical - Geography, &c. - - Mitchell, Elisha, 1793-1857 - sci. - Conn., N. C. - Elements of Geology. (See account under _Christian Reid_.) - - Mitchell, Miss F. L. - Ga. - Georgia Land and People. - - Moise, Penina, 1797-1830 - S. C. - Fanny's Sketch-Book (poems). - - Monroe, James, 1758-1831 - statesman, fifth President - Va. - State Papers, "Monroe Doctrine." - - Montgomery, Sir Robert, 1680-1731 - colonist - Establishment of a New Colony to the south of Carolina, in the - most delightful Country of the Universe. - - Moore, Hight C. - N. C. - Select Poetry of North Carolina (1894). - - Moore, John W. - N. C. - History of North Carolina. - - Moore, Thomas Vernon, 1818-1871 - Pr. cl. - Va., Tenn. - God's Universe, Commentaries on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, - Culdee Church, &c. - - Mordecai, S. - Va. - Richmond in By-Gone Days. - - Morehead, James Turner, 1797-1854 - Ky. - First Settlers of Kentucky, Law in Kentucky. - - Mosby, John Singleton, 1833- - soldier - Va. - War Reminiscences. - - Mosby, Mary Webster, 1791-1844 - Va. - Pocahontas. - - Moultrie, William, 1731-1805 - soldier - S. C. - Memoirs of the American Revolution in North and South Carolina - and Georgia. - - Muir, James, 1757-1820 - Pr. cl. - Scot., Va. - Examination of the "Age of Reason." - - Mullany, Patrick Francis, 1847- - edu., ("Brother Azarias") - Md. - Psychological Aspects of Education, Philosophy of Literature, - Dante, Aristotle and the Church, English Thought. - - Munford, Robert - dramatist - Va. - Candidate, Patriots, (dramas, pub'd 1798). - - Munford, William, 1775-1825 (son of Robert) - Va. - Poems, Translation of the Iliad, Reports of the Court of - Appeals. - - *Murfree, Mary Noailles (see Craddock) - - Murfree, Fannie D. (sister of Mary) - Tenn. - Felicia (novel). - - Murphy, Mrs. Rosalie Miller - S. C., Ala., N. Y. - Destiny, or Life As It Is, Mistrust, Waifs (poems). - - Musick, John R., 1851- - Mo. - Pocahontas, Columbian Novels, Calamity Row. - - - Nagle, J. E. - phys. - La. - A Home That I Love, and other Poems. - - Neville, L. - Va. - Edith Allen (Life in Virginia). - - Nicholson, Mrs. Eliza Jane [Poitevent], ("_Pearl Rivers_") - Miss., La. - (_Editor_ "New Orleans Picayune"), Burial and Resurrection of - Love, and other lyrics and writings. - - Norman, Benjamin Moore, 1809-1860 - N. Y., La. - New Orleans and Environs (1845), Rambles in Yucatan, Rambles - by Land and Water. - - Norton, John Nicholas, 1820-1881 - P. E. cl. - N. Y., Ky. - Lives of the Bishops, Boy Trained to be a Clergyman, Full - Proof of the Ministry, and many other works. - - Norwood, Colonel - England. - Voyage to Virginia, 1649. - - Nott, Henry Junius, 1797-1837 - S. C. - Novelettes of a Traveller, Essays, &c. - - Nott, Josiah Clark, 1804-1873 - phys., sci. - S. C., Ala. - Types of Mankind, History of the Jewish Race, Indigenous Races - of the East. - - Nourse, James Duncan, 1817-1854 - jour. - Ky., Mo. - Forest Knight, Leavenworth, God in History. - - - Oglethorpe, James Edward, 1698-1785 - Eng., Ga. - St. Augustine Campaign (1742), Colonies of South Carolina and - Georgia. - - *O'Hara, Theodore, 1820-1867 - soldier - Ky., Ga. - Bivouac of the Dead, and other poems. - - O'Neall, John Belton, 1793-1863 - jurist - S. C. - Annals of Newberry, Bench and Bar of South Carolina. - - Otts, John Martin Philip, 1838- - Pr. cl. - S. C., Ala. - Southern Pen and Pulpit, Light and Life, Sermons. - - Overall, John W. - ed. - Va., Ala., La. - "76 and 61," Bards, and other poems. - - Owen, William Miller - La. - In Camp and Battle, Washington Artillery. - - - Page, John, 1744-1808 - governor of Va. - Addresses to the People. - - Page, Richard Channing Moore, 1841- - phys. - Va. - Page Family in Virginia. - - *Page, Thomas Nelson, 1853- - Va. - In Ole Virginia, &c. - - Paine, Robert, 1799-1882 - M. E. bishop - N. C., Miss. - Life of Bishop McKendree. - - Painter, F. V. N. - edu. - Va. - History of Education, Luther and Education, Study of English - Literature. - - Palmer, Benjamin Morgan, 1818- - Pr. cl. - S. C., La. - Life of J. H. Thornwell, Formation of Character, Sermons. - - Palmer, John Williamson, 1825- - Md. - Stonewall Jackson's Way and other poems, Golden Dagon, Old and - New, After His Kind (novel). - - Palmer, Mrs. Henrietta Lee, 1834- - Md. - Stratford Gallery or Shakespearean Sisterhood, Home Life in - the Bible. - - Parker, William Harwar, 1827- - naval officer - Va. - Recollections of a Naval Officer (1883), Talks on Astronomy, - Naval Writings. - - Parrish, John, 1729-1807 - Friend - Md. - Remarks on the Slavery of the Black Race. - - Paschall, Edwin, 1799-1869 - ed., edu. - Va., Tenn. - Old Times, or Tennessee History. - - Pattie, James Ohio, 1804- - Ky. - Journal of an Expedition from Kentucky to the Pacific and - through Mexico, 1824-28. - - Peck, Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth - Ala. - Dictionary of Similes and Figures, Stories. - - Peck, Samuel Minturn, 1854- - Ala. - Rings and Love-Knots, Cap and Bells (poems). - - Peck, William Henry, 1830- - edu. - Ga. - The McDonalds, Maids and Matrons of Virginia, Conspirators of - New Orleans, and many other novels. - - Pendleton, Edmund, 1721-1803 - statesman - Va. - Political and State Papers. - - Pendleton, James Madison, 1811-1891(?) - Bapt. cl. - Va., Pa., Ky. - Old Landmarks Re-Set, Sermons, &c. - - Pendleton, William Nelson, 1809-1883 - edu. - Va. - Science a Witness for the Bible. - - Penick, Charles Clifton, 1843- - P. E. bishop - Va. - More Than a Prophet. - - Penny, Virginia, 1826- - Ky. - Employments of Women, and other works. - - Percy, George, 1586-1632 - colonist and governor of Va. - Plantations of the Southern Colonies in Virginia. - - Perry, Benjamin Franklin, 1805-1886 - S. C. - Reminiscences of Public Men. - - Pettigrew, James Johnston, 1828-1863 - soldier - N. C. - Spain and the Spaniards. - - Peyton, John Lewis, 1824- - Va. - Over the Alleghanies, Memoir of William Peyton, History of - Augusta County, Virginia, and other writings. - - Phelan, James, 1856- - Miss., Tenn. - Philip Massinger, History of Tennessee. - - Piatt, Mrs. Sarah Morgan Bryan, 1836- - Ky. - A Woman's Poems (1871), Voyage to the Fortunate Isles (1874), - That New World and other Poems (1876), Poems in Company with - Children (1877), Dramatic Persons and Moods (1879), Irish - Garland (1884), In Primrose Time (1885), Child's-World Ballads - (1887), two volumes of poems with her husband, John James - Piatt (1864, 1884). - - Pickett, Albert James, 1810-1858 - N. C., Ala. - History of Alabama. - - Pierce, George Foster, 1811-1884 - M. E. bishop - Ga. - Incidents of Western Travel. - - *Pike, Albert, 1809-1891 - ed., soldier - Mass., Ark. - Hymns to the Gods, Freemasonry, &c. - - Pilsbury, Charles A., 1839- - La. - Pepita and I (poems). - - Pinckney, Mrs. Eliza [Lucas], 1721-1792 - S. C. - Letters. - - Pinckney, Charles, 1758-1824 - statesman - S. C. - Political Papers (by "_Republican_"). - - Pinckney, Henry Laurens, 1794-1863 - ed. - S. C. - Orations, Memoirs of Maxcy, Hayne, Jackson, &c. - - Pinkney, William, 1764-1822 - statesman - Md. - Legal and Political Speeches. - - *Pinkney, Edward Coate (or Coote), 1802-1828 - Md. - Poems. - - Pinkney, Ninian, 1776-1825 - soldier - Md. - Travels in the South of France. - - Pinkney, William, 1810-1883 - P. E. bishop - Md. - Life of Wm. Pinkney (his uncle), Memoir of John H. Alexander. - - Pise, Charles Constantine, 1802-1866 - R. C. cl. - Md. - History of the Church, Lives of the Saints, Poems, Father - Rowland, Indian Cottage, Horæ Vagabundæ, Alethia, Ignatius and - His First Companions, Christianity and the Church, and other - writings. - - Plumer, William Swan, 1802-1880 - Pr. cl. - Pa., S. C. - Vital Godliness, Sermons to Children, Bible True, and other - religious works. - - *Poe, Edgar Allan, 1809-1849 - Va., Md. - Poems, Tales, &c. - - Poinsett, Joel Roberts, 1779-1851 - statesman - S. C. - Notes on Mexico (_Poinsettia_ named in his honor), Addresses, - Letters, &c. - - Points, Marie L. - La. - Stories of Louisiana. - - Polk, James Knox, 1795-1849 - eleventh President - N. C., Tenn. - State Papers. - - Pollard, Edward Albert, 1828-1872 - jour. - Va. - Lost Cause, Letters of the Southern Spy, Lee and His - Lieutenants, Black Diamonds, and other works. - - Pope, John, 1822- - soldier - Ky. - Expedition from the Red River to the Rio Grande, Campaign of - Virginia in July and August, 1862. - - Pope, Mrs. Mary E. [Foote] - Ala., Tenn. - Poems. - - Porcher, Francis Peyre, 1825- - phys. - S. C. - Medical Botany of South Carolina, and other medical writings. - - Pory, John, 1570-1635 - pioneer - Eng., Va. - Excursion among the Indians in Captain Smith's "Generall - Historie." - - Powell, William Byrd, 1799-1867 - phys. - Ky. - Natural History of the Human Temperament, Study of the Brain. - - Poydras, Julien, 1740-1824 - pioneer, planter - France, La. - La Prise du Morne du Bâton Rouge (poem). - - *Prentice, George Denison, 1802-1870 - ed. - Ky. - Life of Henry Clay, Poems, Paragraphs. - - Prentiss, Sargent Smith, 1808-1850 - orator - Me., Miss. - Political Speeches. - - *Preston, William Campbell, 1794-1860 - orator, edu. - S. C. - Addresses, Letters, &c. - - Preston, John Smith, 1809-1881 - orator, soldier - S. C. - Orations. - - *Preston, Mrs. Margaret Junkin, 1825- - Va. - Beechenbrook: a Rhyme of the War, and other poems. - - Preston, Thomas Lewis, 1812- - Va. - Life of Elizabeth Russell. - - Price, Bruce, 1845- - architect - Md. - (Designer of the Lee Memorial Church at Lexington, Va.) A - Large Country House. - - Prince, Oliver Hillhouse, 1787-1837 - statesman - Conn., Ga. - "A Military Muster" in "Georgia Scenes," and other humorous - sketches, Laws of Georgia. - - Prince, Oliver Hillhouse, Jr., 1823-1875 - Ga. - Billy Woodpile's Letters. - - Pugh, Mrs. Eliza Lofton [Phillips], 1841- ("_Arria_") - La. - Not a Hero, In a Crucible, and many other novels. - - Putnam, Mrs. Sallie A. [Brock], 1845- ("_Virginia Madison_") - Va. - Richmond During the War, Kenneth My King, Southern Amaranth. - - Pyrnelle, Mrs. Louise Clarke - Ala., Ga. - Diddie, Dumps, and Tot: Plantation Child-Life. - - - Ralston, Thomas Neely, 1806- - edu., M. E. cl. - Ky. - Evidences of Christianity, Ecce Unitas. - - *Ramsay, David, 1749-1815 - surgeon - Pa., S. C. - History of South Carolina, &c. - - Ramsey, James Gattys McGregor, 1796-1884 - Tenn. - Annals of Tennessee. - - Ranck, G. W. - Ky. - History of Lexington, O'Hara. - - *Randall, James Ryder, 1839- - Md., La. - My Maryland, and other poems. - - Randolph, Sir John, 1693-1737 (uncle of William Stith) - Va. - Breviate Book. - - Randolph, Edmund Jennings, 1753-1813 - Va. - Political Truth, and other Papers. - - *Randolph, John, of Roanoke, 1773-1833 - statesman - Va. - Addresses, &c. - - Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, 1792-1875 - Va. - Sixty Years of the Currency of the United States. - - Randolph, Sarah Nicholas, 1839- - edu. - Va., Md. - Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson (her great-grandfather), and - other writings. - - Randolph, Innis - Va. - Back-Log, Good Old Rebel, and other humorous poems. - - Ravenscroft, John Stark, 1772-1820 - first P. E. bishop of N. C. - Sermons, and other writings. - - Reese, Thomas, 1742-1794 - Pr. cl., edu. - S. C. - Influence of Religion on Civil Society. - - Reese, Lizette Woodworth, 186-- - Md. - A Branch of May (poems). - - Reeves, Marian Calhoun Legaré, ca. 1854- ("_Fadette_") - S. C. - Ingemisco, Randolph Honor, Sea-Drift, Maid of Acadie, and - other stories. - - Reichel, Levin Theodore, 1812-1878 - Moravian bishop - Moravians in North Carolina (1857). - - *Reid, Christian - N. C. - Land of the Sky, and other novels, Land of the Sun (1895). - - Reid, Sam Chester, 1818- - lawyer - N. Y., Miss. - McCulloch's Texas Rangers, Raid of John H. Morgan. - - Relf, Samuel, 1776-1823 - jour. - Va. - Infidelity, or the Victims of Sentiment. - - Rémy, Henri - La. - Histoire de la Louisiane. - - Renö, Itti Kinney, 1862- - Tenn. - Miss Breckenridge, An Exceptional Case. - - Requier, Augustus Julian, 1825-1887 - ed. - S. C., Ala. - Legend of Tremaine, Christalline, Old Sanctuary, Spanish - Exile, Marco Bozzaris, Ode to Victory, Ashes of Glory (reply - to Ryan's "Conquered Banner"). - - Ribaut, Jean, 1520-1565 - discoverer - France, Florida. - The Whole and True Discovery of Florida. - - Rice, David, 1733-1816 - Pr. cl. - Va., Ky. - To Presbyterians of Kentucky, Divine Decrees, Baptism, &c. - - Rice, Nathan Lewis, 1804-1877 - Pr. cl. - Ky. - Our Country and the Church, &c. - - Rich, R. - Eng., Va. - Newes from Virginia, 1610. - - Riddell, John Leonard, 1807-1867 - phys. - La. - Flora of the Western States, (_Riddellia_ named in his honor). - - Rivers, Richard Henderson, 1814- - edu. - Tenn., Ala., Ky. - Life of Bishop Paine, Mental and Moral Philosophy. - - Rivers, William James, 1822- - edu. - S. C. - History of South Carolina, Poems. - - Rives, William Cabell, 1793-1868 - Va. - Life of James Madison, Life of John Hampden, Ethics of - Christianity. - - Rives, Mrs. Judith Page Walker, 1802-1882 - Va. - Souvenirs of a Residence in Europe, Home and the World. - - *Rives, Amélie (see Mrs. Chanler). - - Robertson, John, 1787-1873 - jurist - Va. - Riego, or the Spanish Martyr, Opuscula (poems). - - Robertson, Thomas Bolling, 1773-1828 - Va., La. - Events in Paris (1816). - - Robertson, Wyndham, 1803-1888 - governor of Va. - Pocahontas, alias Matoaka, and her Descendants. - - Robinson, Fayette,--d. 1859 - Va., N. Y. - Mexico and Her Military Chieftains, California and the Gold - Regions, Wizard of the Wave, and other works. - - Robinson, Mrs. Martha Harrison - Va. - Helen Erskine (novel). - - Rogers, James Webb, 1822- - lawyer - N. C. - Arlington, Lafitte, Madame Surratt (tragedy), Poems. - - Rolfe, John, d. 1622 - colonist, husband of Pocahontas - Va. - Letter to Sir Thomas Dale. - - Roman, Alfred - La. - Military Operations of General Beauregard. - - Rosenthal, Lewis, 1856- - jour. - Md. - America and France. - - Rouen, B. - La. - Cent Huit Ans, Rayon de Soleil. - - Rouquette, François Dominique, 1810- - La. - Les Meschacébéennes, Fleurs d'Amérique. - - Rouquette, Adrien Emanuel, 1813-1887 - La. - La nouvelle Atala, L'Antoniade, Les Savanes, and other poems. - - Rowland, Kate Mason - Va. - Life of George Mason of Gunston, Charles Carroll of - Carrollton. - - Rozier, Firman A. - Mo. - History of the Early Settlement of the Mississippi Valley. - - Ruffner, Henry, 1789-1861 - edu. - Va. - Judith Ben-saddi, Fathers of the Desert, Future Punishment. - - Rumple, Jethro, 1827- - Pr. cl. - N. C. - History of Davidson College, of Rowan County, of the - Presbyterians in North Carolina. - - Russell, Irwin, 1853-1879 - Miss. - Dialect Poems (1888). - - Rutherford, Mildred - Ga. - English Authors, American Authors (1894). - - Rutledge, John, 1739-1800 - statesman, and governor of S. C. - Speeches. - - *Ryan, Abram Joseph, 1839-1886 - Va., Ala. - Conquered Banner, and other poems. - - - Safford, William Harrison, 1821- - lawyer - W. Va. - Life of Blennerhassett. - - Sanders, John, 1810-1858 - civil engineer - Ky. - Resources of the Valley of the Ohio. - - Sands, Alexander Hamilton, 1828-1887 - lawyer, Bapt. cl. - Va. - Recreations of a Southern Barrister, Sermons by a Village - Pastor, &c. - - Sandys, George, 1577-1644 - colonist - Va. - Translation of Ovid (the first literary production of - America), A Journey in the East, Poems. - - Sawyer, Lemuel, 1777-1852 - N. C. - Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, Autobiography, Dramas. - - Scanland, Mrs. Agnes Leonard, 1842- - Ky. - Myrtle Blossoms, Heights and Depths, Vanquished. - - Scharf, John Thomas, 1843- - Md. - History of Maryland, of Baltimore, of St. Louis, of - Philadelphia, of Delaware, History of the Confederate States. - - Schoolcraft, Mrs. Mary Howard - S. C., N. Y. - Black Gauntlet, a Tale of Plantation Life in South Carolina. - - Scott, Charles, 1811-1861 - lawyer - Tenn., Miss. - Analogy of Ancient Free-Craft Masonry to Natural and Revealed - Religion. - - Scott, Walter, 1796-1861 (akin to Sir Walter Scott) - Scot., Ky. - Gospel Restored, Messiahship. - - Screven, William, 1629-1713 - Bapt. cl. - Eng., S. C. - Ornament for Church Members. - - Searing, Mrs. Laura Catherine [Redden], 1840- (deaf and dumb) - Md. - ("_Howard Glyndon_"), Notable Men of the Thirty-Seventh - Congress, Idyls of Battle and Poems of the Rebellion, Sounds - from Secret Chambers. - - Seaton, William Winston, 1785-1866 - jour. - Va., N. C. - Annals of Congress 1798-1824 (42 vols.), Debates of Congress - 1824-1837. - - Seawell, Molly Elliott - Va. - Throckmorton, Maid Marian, Hale-Weston, Young Heroes of the - Navy, Paul Jones, Decatur and Somers, &c. - - Seemüller, Mrs. Anne Moncure [Crane], 1838-1871 - Md. - Emily Chester, Opportunity, &c. - - Séjour, Victor, 1809- - La. - Le Retour de Napoléon, and other dramas. - - Semmes, Raphael, 1809-1877 - naval officer - Md., Ala. - Service Afloat and Ashore during the Mexican War, Cruise of - the Alabama. - - Semmes, Alexander Jenkins, 1828- - phys. - D. C., La., Ga. - Surgical Journal of the War, Medical Sketches. - - Semple, Robert Baylor, 1769-1831 - Bapt. cl. - Va. - History of Virginia Baptists, Catechism. - - Shaffner, Taliaferro Preston, 1818-1881 - Va. - Secession War in America, History of America. - - Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate, 1841- - geologist - Ky., Mass. - Geological Survey of Kentucky, History of Kentucky, - Interpretation of Nature, Sea and Land. - - Shaw, John, 1778-1809 - surgeon - Md. - Poems. - - Sheldon, George William, 1843- - art critic - S. C., N. Y. - American Painters. - - Shepherd, E. H. - Mo. - Early History of St. Louis, Autobiography. - - Shindler, Mrs. Mary Stanley Bunce [Palmer] [Dana], 1810- - S. C. - Pass under the Rod, and other Poems, Southern Harp, Northern - Harp, Young Sailor, and other works. - - Shipp, Alfred Micajah, 1819- - edu., M. E. cl. - N. C., S. C. - History of Methodism in South Carolina. - - Shipp, Bernard, 1813- - Miss., Ky. - Fame and other Poems, Progress of Freedom. - - Shober, Gottlieb, 1756-1838 - Lutheran cl. - Pa., N. C. - Rise and Progress of the Christian Church, by Dr. Martin Luther. - - Shreve, Thomas H., 1808-1853 - jour. - Va., Ky. - Drayton, an American Tale, Poems. - - Shuck, John Lewis, 1812-1863 - Bapt. missionary - Va., S. C. - Portfolio Chinensis. - - Shuck, Mrs. Henrietta Hall, 1817-1844 - Va. - Scenes in China. - - Simmons, William Hayne, 1785- - S. C. - Onea (poem), History of the Seminoles. - - Simmons, James Wright - S. C. - Blue Beard, Greek Girl, and other Poems. - - *Simms, William Gilmore, 1807-1870 - S. C. - Yemassee, Partisan, &c. - - Sims, Alexander Dromgoole, 1803-1848 - Va., S. C. - Slavery, Bevil Faulcon (novel). - - Sims, James Marion, 1813-1883 - surgeon - S. C., N. Y. - Story of My Life, Medical Works. - - Sinclair, Carrie Bell, 1839- - Ga. - Heart Whispers (poems). - - Skinner, Thomas E. - Bapt. cl. - N. C. - Reminiscences, Sermons and Addresses (1894). - - Slaughter, Philip, 1808- - P. E. cl. - Va. - Life of Randolph Fairfax, Life of Joshua Fry, Colonial Church - of Virginia, and other works. - - Smart, Mrs. Helen Hamilton [Gardener], 1853- - Va. - Men, Women, and Gods, An Unofficial Patriot, Sex in Brain, Is - This Your Son, My Lord?, A Thoughtless Yes, &c. - - Smedes, Mrs. Susan Dabney, 1840- - Miss. - A Southern Planter. - - Smith, Ashbel, 1806- - phys., lawyer - Conn., Tex. - State and Scientific Papers. - - Smith, Buckingham, 1810-1871 - consul in Spain - Ga. - De Soto's Conquest of Florida, Spanish Discoveries and - Settlements, Essays on Florida History and Spanish Historical - Writings. - - *Smith, Charles Henry, 1826- ("_Bill Arp_") - Ga. - Bill Arp's Scrap-Book, &c., School History of Georgia. - - Smith, Eugene Allen, 1841- - geologist - Ala. - Geology of Alabama. - - Smith, Francis Henney, 1812- - edu. - Va. - College Reforms, Scientific Education in Europe, Text-books on - Arithmetic and Algebra (with R. M. T. Duke). - - Smith, Francis Hopkinson, 1838- - c. e., artist - Md. - Colonel Carter of Cartersville, and other stories. - - Smith, James, 1737-1812 - pioneer - Pa., Ky. - Life and Travels of James Smith, Shakerism Developed. - - *Smith, John, 1579-1631 - soldier, traveller - Eng., Va. - Generall Historie, &c. - - Smith, John Lawrence, 1818-1883 - scientist - S. C., Ky. - Mineralogy, Chemistry. - - Smith, Nathan Ryno, 1797-1877 - phys. ("_Viator_") - Ky., Md. - Legends of the South, Medical Works. - - Smith, William Andrew, 1802-1870 - M. E. cl. - Va. - Philosophy of Slavery. - - Smith, William Loughton, 1758-1812 - diplomate - S. C. - Constitution of the United States, Speeches, Essays, &c. - - Smith, William Russell, 1813- - Ala. - The Alabama Justice, Uses of Solitude, As It Is (novel), - Bridal Eve (poem), College Musings. - - Smith, William Waugh, 1845- - edu. - Va. - Outlines of Psychology, Chart of Comparative Syntax of Greek, - Latin, French, German, and English. - - Smith, Zachariah Frederick, 1827- - Ky. - History of Kentucky. - - Smyth, John Ferdinand, 17-- - Eng., Va. - Tour in the United States of America (1784). - - Smyth, Thomas, 1808-1873 - Ireland, S. C. - Unity of the Human Race, Calvin, Presbyterian Doctrine. - - Somerville, William Clarke, 1790-1826 - Md. - Letters from Paris on the French Revolution, On Choosing the - President. - - Southworth, Miss Emma Dorothy Eliza Nevitte, 1819- - D. C. - Retribution, Fatal Secret, Unknown, Gloria, Trail of the - Serpent, Nearest and Dearest, The Mother's Secret, An Exile's - Bride, and many other novels. - - Spalding, Martin John, 1810-1872 - R. C. archbishop - Ky., Md. - Early Catholic Missions in Kentucky, Miscellaneous, - Theological Writings. - - Spalding, John Lancaster, 1840- - R. C. bishop - Ky. - Life of Archbishop Spalding, Essays, and other writings. - - Sparks, William Henry, 1800-1882 - lawyer - Ga. - Memories of Fifty Years, Dying Year, Old Church Bell, and - other poems. - - Sparrow, William, 1801-1874 - edu., P. E. cl. - Mass., Va. - Life and Correspondence. - - Specht, Mrs. - Mo. - Alfrieda (novel). - - Speece, Conrad, 1776-1836 - Pr. and Bapt. cl. - Va. - The Mountaineer (essays), Hymns. - - Spelman Henry, 1600-1622 - interpreter - Eng., Va. - (Killed by Indians), Relation of Virginia. - - Spencer, Mrs. Cornelia [Phillips] - N. C. - History of North Carolina, Last Ninety Days of the War in - North Carolina. - - Spencer, Edward, 1834- - dramatic ed. - Md. - Kit (drama). - - Spencer, Mrs. W. L. [Nuñez] - Fla. - Salt Lake Fruit. - - Spotswood, Alexander, 1676-1740 - governor of Va. - Official Letters of Alexander Spotswood from 1710 to 1722, - Speeches, (in Virginia Historical Register). - - Stanton, Frank Lebby, 1858- - Ga. - Poem on the Death of Henry W. Grady, Songs of a Day, Dialect - Poems. - - Stanton, Henry Thompson, 1834- - ed. - Va., Ky. - Moneyless Man, Jacob Brown, and other poems. - - St. Céran, Tullius - La. - Rien ou Moi, 1814 et 1815. - - Steiner, Lewis Henry, 1827- - phys. - Md. - Diary of a Rebel, Occupation of Frederick, Md., Cantate - Domino. - - *Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883 - statesman, governor of Ga. - War between the States, History of the United States, and - other works. - - Stephens, William, 1671-1753 - president of the colony of Ga. - Journal of the Proceedings in Georgia from 1737 to 1741, State - of the Province. - - Stephens, Thomas (son of the preceding) - Castle-Builder, or History of William Stephens of the Isle of - Wight. - - Stibbes, Mrs. Agnes Jean - Ga. - Earls of Sunderland, Stories, &c. - - Stiles, William Henry, 1808-1865 - lawyer - Ga. - History of Austria. - - Stith, William, 1689-1755 - edu. - Va. - History of Virginia. - - Stovall, Pleasant A. - Ga. - Life of Robert Toombs. - - *Strachey, William - from 1609 to 1612 secretary of the colony of Va. - True Repertory, &c. - - Strange, Robert, 1796-1854 - Va., N. C. - Eoneguski, or The Cherokee Chief. - - Strobel, Philip - S. C., Ga. - History of the Salzburg Colony at Ebenezer, Georgia. - - Strother, David Hunter, 1816-1888 (_Porte Crayon_) - W. Va. - Virginia Illustrated, Blackwater Chronicle. - - Stuart, Mrs. Ruth McEnery - La. - Golden Wedding, Christmas Gifts, Carlotta's Intended, Camelia, - Ricardo, and others. - - Stuart, Alexander Hugh Holmes, 1807- - statesman - Va. - Narrative of Virginia in 1869. - - Summers, Thomas Osmond, 1812- - M. E. cl. - Eng., Va., Tenn. - Commentary on the Gospels and Acts, Talks Pleasant and - Profitable, Golden Censer. - - Swain, David Lowry, 1801-1868 - edu., statesman, governor of N. C. - British Invasion of North Carolina, Revolutionary History of - North Carolina. - - Swain, Margie P. - Ala. - Lochlin (published 1864, Selma, Ala.) - - Switzler, William F. - ed. - Mo. - Illustrated History of Missouri. - - - Tabb, John B. - Md. - Poems. - - Tailfer, Patrick - colonist in 18th Century - Ga., S. C. - Colony of Georgia in America, 1741. - - Talley, Susan Archer (see Mrs. Von Weiss) - - Taney, Roger Brooke, 1777-1864 - jurist - Md. - Autobiography, Supreme Court Decisions, (one of them being in - the Dred Scott Case). - - Tardy, Mrs. Mary ("_Ida Raymond_") - Ala. - Southland Writers, Living Female Writers of the South. - - Taylor, Alexander Smith, 1817-1876 - S. C., Cal. - First Voyage to California, Grasshoppers and Locusts of the - United States. - - Taylor, George Boardman, 1832- - Bapt. cl. - Va., Italy. - Oakland Stories, Walter Ennis, Letters, &c. - - Taylor, James Barnett, 1819-1871 - Bapt. cl. - Eng., Va. - Life of Lot Cary, Lives of Virginia Baptist Ministers, Memoir - of Luther Rice, &c. - - Taylor, John, 1750-1824, ("_Arator_") - Va. - New View of the Constitution, Construction Construed, Tyranny - Unmasked, Agricultural Essays. - - Taylor, Richard, 1826-1879 (son of Zachary Taylor) - La. - Destruction and Reconstruction. - - Taylor, William Herron, 1838- - Va. - Four Years with General Lee. - - Taylor, Zachary, 1784-1850 - twelfth President - Va. - Messages. - - *Terhune, Mrs. Mary Virginia [Hawes] - Va., N. Y. - ("_Marion Harland_"), Alone, Hidden Path, Mary the Mother of - Washington, &c. - - Testut, Charles - La. - Les Echos (poems), Le Vieux Salomon, Les Filles de Monte - Cristo (novels). - - Tevis, Mrs. Julia - edu. - Ky. - Autobiography. - - Tharin, Robert Seymour Symmes, 1830- - lawyer - S. C. - Arbitrary Arrests in the South, Political Situation (1871). - - Thierry, Camille - La. - Les Vagabondes, and other poems. - - Thom, William Taylor, 1849- - Va. - Shakespeare and Chaucer Examinations (1887), Course of - Shakespeare Historical Reading. - - Thomas, Ebenezer Smith, 1780-1844 - edu. - Mass., S. C. - Reminiscences of the last Sixty-five years, Reminiscences of - South Carolina. - - Thomas, Frederick William, 1811-1866 - ed. - S. C., Md., Ala. - "'Tis Said that Absence Conquers Love," and other lyrics, - Emigrant, East and West, &c. - - Thomas, Lewis Foulke, 1815-1868 - Md., Ky., Mo. - Inda and other Poems, Osceola, Cortez, (dramas). - - Thomas, Martha McCannon, 1823- - Md. - Life's Lessons, Captain Phil (story of the Civil War). - - Thomas, Mary Von Erden, 1825- - S. C. - Winning the Battle. - - Thompson, John, 1777-1799 ("_Casca_," "_Gracchus_") - Letters of Curtius. - - *Thompson, John Reuben, 1823-1873 - ed. - Va. - Poems, Editorials, &c. - - Thompson, Maurice, 1844- - c. e., lawyer - Ga., La., Ind. - Tallahassee Girl, Creole Literature, Story of Louisiana, - By-Ways and Bird-Notes, Songs of Fair Weather, At Love's - Extremes, A Banker of Bankersville, Sylvan Secrets, Poems, - Essays, &c. - - Thompson, Waddy, 1798-1868 - S. C., Fla. - Recollections of Mexico (1846). - - *Thompson, William Tappan, 1812-1882 - ed. - O., Ga. - Major Jones's Courtship, &c. - - Thomson, Samuel Harrison, 1813-1882 - Ky. - Mosaic Account of Creation, Geology an Interpretation of - Scripture. - - Thornton, Thomas C., 1794-1860 - Va., Miss. - History of Slavery in the United States. - - Thornwell, James Henley, 1812-1862 - Pr. cl., edu. - S. C. - Discourses on the Truth, Rights and Duties of Masters, State - of the Church. - - Tice, J. H. - Mo. - Over the Plains and on the Mountains. - - Ticknor, Francis Orrery, 1822-1874 - phys. - Ga. - Virginians of the Valley, and other poems (edited by Paul H. - Hayne, 1879). - - Tiffany, Osmond, 1823- - Md. - Brandon: A Tale of the American Colonies, Life of Gen. Otho H. - Williams. - - Timrod, William Henry, 1792-1838 - S. C. - Lyrics. - - *Timrod, Henry, 1829-1867 - edu., ed. - S. C. - Poems. - - T. M. - Va. - Account of Bacon's Rebellion, (dated 1705, thirty years after, - found in manuscript). - - *Toombs, Robert, 1810-1885 - statesman - Ga. - Speeches. - - Toulmin, Henry, 1767-1823 - Eng., Ky., Ala. - Description of Kentucky in 1792, Laws of Alabama (1823), and - other legal works. - - Townsend, Mrs. Mary Ashley [Van Voorhis], 1836- ("_Xariffa_") - La. - Down the Bayou and other Poems, Captain's Story, and other - works. - - Toy, Crawford Howell, 1836- - edu., linguist - Va., Ky., Mass. - History of the Religion of Israel, Quotations in the New - Testament. - - Trescot, William Henry, 1822- - diplomate - S. C. - Foreign Policy of the United States, Diplomacy of the - Revolution, Diplomatic History of the Administrations of - Washington and Adams. - - Trent, William P. - edu. - Tenn. - Life of William Gilmore Simms. - - Trott, Nicholas, 1663-1740 - Eng., S. C. - Laws of South Carolina, Clavis Linguæ Sanctæ, Laws of Church - and Clergy in America. - - *Tucker, George, 1775-1861 - edu. - Va. - Life of Thomas Jefferson, &c. - - Tucker, Henry Holcombe, 1819- - Bapt. cl., ed. - Ga. - Gospel in Enoch, Old Theology Restated, and other writings. - - Tucker, John Randolph, 1823- - edu., statesman - Va. - Speeches. - - Tucker, Mrs. Mary Eliza [Perrine], 1838- - Ala., Ga. - (now Mrs. Lambert, of Philadelphia), Poems, Loew's Bridge, &c. - - *Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley, 1784-1851 - lawyer, edu. - Va. - Partisan Leader, &c. - - *Tucker, St. George, 1752-1828 - jurist, edu. - Va. - Poems, Legal writings, &c. - - *Tucker, St. George H., 1828-1863 - soldier - Va. - Hansford, a Tale of Bacon's Rebellion. - - Tupper, Henry Allen, 1828- - Bapt. cl. - S. C., Ga., Va. - A Decade of Foreign Missions, First Century of the First - Baptist Church of Charleston, Truth in Romance (novel). - - Turner, William Mason, 1835- - phys. - Va., Pa. - Under Bail, Ruby Ring, and other novels. - - Turner, William Wilberforce, 1830- - Ga. - Jack Hopeton. - - - Upshur, Mary Jane Stith, 1828- ("_Fanny Fielding_") - Va. - (now Mrs. Sturges of New York), Confederate Notes (novel), - Poems. - - - Vance, Robert B. - N. C. - Heart-Throbs from the Mountains. - - Vance, Mrs. Sally Ada [Reedy] - Miss., Ky. - Charity, The Sisters, and other poems. - - *Vance, Zebulon Baird, 1830-1894 - statesman, governor of N. C. - Last Days of the War in North Carolina, Addresses, &c. - - Vasconcellos, Andres de, fifteenth century - Portuguese navigator - History of Florida, (in Spanish). - - Villeneufve, Le Blanc de - La. - Poucha Houmma (drama). - - Von Weiss, Mrs. Susan Archer [Talley] - Va. - Poems. - - - Waddell, Alfred Moore, 1834- - N. C. - Colonial Officer and His Times (in manuscript). - - Waddell, Moses, 1770-1840 - edu. - N. C., S. C., Ga. - (President of the University of Georgia), Memoir of Miss C. E. - Smelt. - - Wakelee, Kate C. - Conn., Ga. - Forest City Bride, India Morgan. - - Walker, Alexander, 1819- - Va., La. - Jackson and New Orleans, Life of Andrew Jackson, History of - the Battle of Shiloh, Butler at New Orleans. - - Walker, Cornelius, 1819- - P. E. cl. - Va. - Life of William Duval, William Sparrow, Dr. Andrews, articles - on Theology, &c. - - Walker, Norman McF. - La. - Geographical Nomenclature of Louisiana. - - Wallis, Severn Teackle, 1816- - Md. - Prayer for Peace, Guerrilla Warfare, Life of George Peabody. - - Walsh, Robert, 1784-1859 - diplomate - Md. - American Revolution, Future State of Europe. - - Walworth, Mrs. Jeannette Ritchie [Hademann], 1837- - Miss., La. - Southern Silhouettes, Stories of a Southern County, A Little - Radical, A Splendid Egotist, That Girl from Texas, &c. - - Ward, Matt Flournoy, 1826-1862 - Ky. - Letters from Three Continents, English Items. - - Warfield, Mrs. Catherine Anne [Ware], 1816-1877 - Miss., Ky. - Household of Bouverie, Romance of Beauseincourt, Poems, and - other novels. - - Warren, E. W. - Ga. - Nellie Norton (novel). - - *Washington, George, 1732-1799 - first President - Va. - State Papers, Letters, &c. - - Watson, Asa Rogers, 1837- - Va., Ga. - Minstrel of Elsinore, Kin. - - Watterson, Henry, 1840- - ed. - Ky. - Oddities of Southern Life and Character, Editorials, - Addresses, &c. - - Webb, Mrs. Laura S. ("_Stannie Lee_") - Ala. - Heart-Leaves (poems). - - Webber, Charles Wilkins, 1819-1856 - Ky. - Old Hicks the Guide, Texas Virago, Tales of the Southern - Border, Shot in the Eye. - - Weber, John Langdon - S. C. - History of South Carolina. - - *Weems, Mason Locke, 1760-1825 - Va. - Life of Washington, &c. - - Welby, Mrs. Amelia B. [Coppuck] - Md., Ky. - Poems by Amelia (1844, 1850). - - Westmoreland, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth [Jourdan] - Ga. - Poems, Soldier's Wife, Soldier's Trials (dramas, played in - Atlanta during the war). - - Wharton, E. C. - La. - Life of Gayarré, War of the Bachelors, Toodles, Young Couple - (comedy). - - Wharton, Morton Bryan, 1839- - Bapt. cl. - Va. - What I Saw in the Old World, Famous Women of the Old - Testament, Famous Women of the New Testament. - - Wheeler, John Hill, 1806-1882 - N. C. - History of North Carolina, Reminiscences of North Carolina. - - Whitaker, Alexander, 1585-1613 - P. E. cl. - Eng., Va. - (Baptized and married Pocahontas), Good Newes from Virginia - (1613). - - Whitaker, Mrs. Mary Scrimzeour [Furman] [Miller], 1820- - S. C. - Albert Hastings (novel), Poems. - - White, Henry Alexander - Pr. cl. - Va. - Origin of the Pentateuch in the Light of the Ancient Monuments - (1894). - - White, Henry Clay, 1850- - Md. - Complete Chemistry of the Cotton Plant, &c. - - White, John Blake, 1781-1859 - artist - S. C. - Foscari, Mysteries of the Castle, Triumph of Liberty or - Louisiana Preserved. - - Whittlesey, Sarah Johnson Cogswell, 1825- - N. C. - Heart-Drops from Memory's Urn (poems), The Stranger's - Stratagem, Summer Blossoms, &c. - - *Wilde, Richard Henry, 1789-1847 - Ga., La. - My Life is Like the Summer Rose, &c. - - Wiley, Calvin Henderson, 1819-1887 - N. C., S. C. - Roanoke, or Where is Utopia?, Alamance, Early Life at the - South. - - Wilkinson, Andrew - La. - Sketches of Plantation Life. - - Wilkinson, James, 1757-1825 - Md., Mex. - Memoirs of My Times. - - Wilkinson, John, 1821- - naval officer - Va. - Narrative of a Blockade-Runner. - - Willey, Waitman Thomas, 1811- - statesman - W. Va. - Lectures, Speeches, &c. - - Williams, Mrs. Bessie W. [Johnson] - S. C., Ga. - In Memory of Captain Herndon (poem), Ciaromski and His - Daughter. - - Williams, Espy W. H. - La. - Parrhasius, Witchcraft, and other poems and dramas. - - Williams, John Wilson Montgomery, 1820- - Bapt. cl. - Va., Md. - Reminiscences of a Pastorate of Thirty-three Years, Pastor and - People. - - Williams, Mrs. Mary Bushnell, 1826- - La. - Serfs of Châteney, Tales and Legends of Louisiana. - - Wilmer, Richard Hooker, 1816- - P. E. bishop - Ala. - Recent Past, from a Southern Standpoint (1887), Reminiscences - of a Grandfather. - - *Wilson, Mrs. Augusta Jane [Evans], 1835- - Ala. - St. Elmo, and other novels. - - Wilson, John Leighton, 1809-1886 - missionary - S. C. - Western Africa, &c. - - Wilson, John Lyde, 1784-1849 - S. C. - Code of Honor, Cupid and Psyche. - - *Wilson, Robert Burns, 1850- - artist - Pa., Ky. - Life and Love (poems). - - Wilson, Samuel Farmer, 1805-1870 - Conn., La. - History of the American Revolution. - - Wilson, Woodrow, 1856- - edu. - Va., N. J. - An Old Master and other political Essays, Disunion and - Reunion, National Revenues, Congressional Government, &c. - - Winchester, Boyd - Ky. - The Swiss Republic. - - *Wirt, William, 1772-1834 - jurist - Md., Va. - British Spy, Life of Patrick Henry, &c. - - Wise, Henry Alexander, 1806-1876 - governor of Va. - Seven Decades of the Union. - - Withers, Emma - W. Va. - Wildwood Chimes (poems). - - Wood, Mrs. Jean Moncure, 1754-1823 - Va. - Flowers and Weeds of the Old Dominion (1859). - - Wood, William Maxwell, 1809-1880 - phys. - N. C. - Wandering Sketches in South America, Polynesia, California, - &c., A Shoulder to the Wheel of Progress. - - Woods, Mrs. Katharine Pearson - W. Va. - Metzerott Shoemaker, Mark of the Beast, Web of Gold. - - Wright, Marcus Joseph, 1831- - Tenn. - Reminiscences of McNairy County, Tenn., Life of Gov. William - Blount, General Scott. - - Wylie, Mrs. Lollie Belle [Moore] - ed. "_Society_" - Ala. - Morning-Glory, and other Poems. - - Wynne, Mrs. Emma [Moffett], 1844- ("_Lola_") - Ala., Ga. - Crag-Font. - - - Yancey, William Lowndes, 1814-1863 - statesman - Ga., Ala. - Speeches and Letters. - - Yeaman, George Helm, 1829- - lawyer - Ky. - Naturalization, Privateering, Study of Government. - - Yonge, Francis - colonist - S. C. - Proceedings of the People of South Carolina in 1719, Voyage to - Virginia and the Chesapeake. - - Young, Edward, 1818- - Eng., S. C. - Ladye Lillian, and other Poems. - - Young, Mrs. Maud J. [Fuller] - N. C., Tex. - (Descendant of Pocahontas), Song of the Texas Rangers, - Cordova, a Legend of Lone Lake. - - - - -A SUPPLEMENTARY LIST, JULY, 1895. - -Corrections and further information are earnestly requested. Address -Miss LOUISE MANLY, care B. F. Johnson Publishing Company, Richmond, -Va. - - - Afflick, Mrs. Mary Hunt - Ky., Tex. - Gates Ajar, and other Poems. - - Alexander, Archibald, 1772-1851 - Pr. cl., edu. - Va., N. J. - Distinguished American Clergymen, History of the Presbyterian - Church in Virginia (1854), and many theological writings. - - Alexander, Joseph Waddel, 1804- - Pr. cl., edu. - Va., N. J. - Biography of Dr. Archibald Alexander, Family Worship, and - theological writings. - - Anderson, Archer - soldier - Va. - Addresses: Battle of Chickamauga, Robert E. Lee, &c. - - Anderson, L. B. - Va. - Biographies of Virginia Physicians of Olden Times (1891). - - Andrews, Garnett - Ga. - Reminiscences of an Old Georgia Lawyer (1870). - - Archer, Branch T. - Va., Tex. - Addresses, Essays, &c. - - Avery, I. W. - Ga. - History of Georgia (1881). - - - Bachman, Catherine Louise - S. C. - Life of John Bachman (her father). - - Badger, Mrs. E. M. - Fla., Tex. - Silent Influence, and other poems. - - Barbour, Benjamin Johnson, -1895 - Va. - Addresses. - - Barton, W. S. - Va. - Diocese of Virginia. - - Bartram, William, 1739-1823 - botanist - England. - Travels through Carolina, Georgia, Florida, &c. (1791). - - Battle, Kemp Plummer, 1831- - edu. - N. C. - History of Raleigh, Benjamin Smith, Z. B. Vance, General - Sumner, and other addresses, essays, &c. - - Beale, Maria - N. C. - Jack O'Doon. - - Beckwith, Paul - Mo. - History of the Beckwith Family (1891), Creoles of St. Louis - (1893). - - Bedinger, Henry, 1810- - Va. - Poems. - - Bell, J. M. - Va. - Life of Ex-Governor William Smith (1891). - - Bennet, W. W. - cl. - Va. - The Great Revival in the Southern Army, Methodism in Virginia. - - Berney, Saffold - Ala. - Industrial History of Alabama. - - Bernheim, G. D., 1827- - Luth. cl. - N. C. - German Settlement and Lutheran Church in N. C. and S. C. - - Bickley, G. W. L. - Va. - History of Tazewell County. - - Biggs, Joseph, 1776-1844 - Bapt. cl. - N. C. - Kehukee Baptist Association (1837, continuation of Burkitt's - History). - - Bigham, Robert Williams, 1824- - M. E. cl. - Ga. - Vinny Leal's Trip, Uncle Viv's Story, Gold Field Scenes, Joe a - Boy in the War Times. - - Billon, Frederick L. - Mo. - Annals of St. Louis (1886). - - Bishop, P. P. - Bapt. cl. - N. Y., Fla. The Psychologist (novel), Heart of Man, American - Citizen. - - Bouldin, Powhatan - Va. - Reminiscences of John Randolph of Roanoke (1878), The Old - Trunk. - - Boyd, C. R. - Va. - History of Washington County, Geological Treatises. - - Bradley, Mary E. - Va. - Douglas Farm. - - Branch, William, Jr. - Va. - Life, and other poems (1819). - - Brent, Frank P. - Va. - Eastern Shore of Virginia (1891). - - Broaddus, Andrew, 1770- - Bapt. cl. - Va. - History of the Bible, Sermons, Letters, &c. - - Broadhead, Garland C. - edu. - Mo. - Missouri Geological Survey Reports, and many scientific and - historical papers. - - Brown, B. Gratz, 1826- - lawyer - Mo. - Geometry Old and New (1879), State Papers. - - Brown, George William, 1812-1890 - jurist - Md. - Baltimore and the 19th of April, 1861, Life of Thomas - Donaldson, Origin and Growth of Civil Liberty in Maryland, &c. - - Brown, John, 1771-1850 - Ger., Va. - Sermons (1818). - - Brown, Mrs. Mary Mitchel - Conn., Mo., Tex. - School History of Texas, Burial of Governor Henry Smith, The - Golden Wedding, To Ex-President Jefferson Davis, and other - poems. - - Brown, Samuel, 1769- - phys. - Va. - Description of a Cave on Crooked Creek. - - Browne, Alexander - Va. - Genesis of the United States (1891). - - Browne, Henry - Va. - Captives of Abb's Valley, The Great Supper. - - Bruce, Philip A. - Va. - Virginia Historical Society Papers, Plantation Negro as a - Freeman, &c. - - Bruce, Thomas - Va. - Historical Sketches of Roanoke, Cupid and Duty, That Bruisin' - Lad o' Greystone Lodge, &c. - - Bryan, W. S. - publisher - Mo. - History of Pioneer Families of St. Louis. - - Bryant, Edgar S. - lawyer - Ark. - Orations. - - Buchannan, ---- - cl. - Ark. - The World and the Book (1893). - - Burgwyn, C. P. E. - Va. - The Huguenot Lovers, and other poems. - - Burkitt, Lemuel, 1750-1807 - Bapt. cl. - N. C. - Kehukee Baptist Association (with Jesse Read, 1803, and 1850, - "earliest volume issued in the State on any part of her - history"). - - Burk, John Daly, -1808 - Ireland, Va. - History of Virginia, 1804-1816 (3 volumes by Burk, the 4th by - Louis Hue Girardin and Skelton Jones), Poems, Dramas, and - other works. - - Burwell, Letitia McCreery - Va. - A Girl's Life in Virginia before the War, Poems, &c. - - Burwell, William McCreery, 1809-1888 - ed. - Va. - White Acre against Black Acre, Exile and Empire, Essays on - Economics, Politics, &c., (editor of "_De Bow's Review_"). - - Bushnell, J. E. - Va. - Baptism, Consecrated Giving, Deaconess Work (1889). - - - Cabell, Ellen Mayo - Va. - An Odd Volume of Fact and Fiction (1852). - - Cabell, Mrs. I. C. - Va. - Historical and Biographical Sketches, &c. - - Cabell, Mrs. Margaret Couch [Anthony], 1814-1883 - Va. - Recollections of Lynchburg. - - Caldwell, Howard Hayne, 1831-1858 - lawyer - S. C. - Oliata (1855), Poems (1858), Prose Articles. - - Caldwell, Mrs. M. M. - Ga. - The Tie that Binds (1895). - - Cameron, John - N. C. - Hand-book of North Carolina. - - Campbell, Alexander, 1786-1866 - cl. - Ireland, W. Va. - Sermons (Founder of the Church of the Disciples). - - Campbell, Jesse H., 1807- - Bapt. cl. - Ga. - Georgia Baptists (1847). - - Campbell, John Lyle, 1818- - Va. - Geology of James River Valley (1892), Agriculture. - - Campbell, John Poage, 1767- - Va. - The Passenger (1804), Vindex (1806), Answer to Jones (1812), - &c. - - Campbell, John Wilson - Va. - History of Virginia to 1781 (1813). - - Carter, St. Leger Landon - Va. - Nugae by Nugator (Poems). - - Carter, William Page - Va. - Poems. - - Caruthers, Eli W., -1865 - N. C. - Life of Rev. David Caldwell, D. D., Revolutionary Incidents in - the "Old North State." - - Carwile, John Brown, 1825- - banker - S. C. - Reminiscences of Newberry. - - Casselberry, Evans - lawyer - Mo. - Spanish Laws, Missouri Land Laws, &c. - - Chappell, Absalom Harris, 1801-1878 - lawyer - Ga. - Miscellanies of Georgia (1874). - - Charlton, Thomas U. P. - jurist - Md., Ga. - Life of Major-General James Jackson (1809). - - Child, Jacob - ed. - Mo. - The Pearl of Asia (1892). - - Clayton, Augustine Smith, 1783- - Va. - Crockett's Life of Van Buren. - - Claytor, Graham - Va. - Otterdale, Among the Hills, Pleasant Waters. - - Clark, Walter, 1846- - jurist - N. C. - _Editor_ Records of North Carolina (after 1776), historical - and legal papers. - - Clark, ---- - Mo. - History of William Jewell College. - - Clarke, William - Va. - Lewis and Clarke Expedition (with Lewis). - - Cleland, John, 1709-1789 (son of Colonel Cleland, _Will Honeycomb_ - of the _Spectator_). - Tombo-Chiqui (1758). - - Clover, Lewis P. - P. E. cl. - Va. - Old Churches in Virginia. - - Cocke, Philip St. George, 1808-1861 - Va. - Plantation and Farm Instruction (1852). - - Coghill, James H. - Va. - Abroad (1867), Family of Coghill, 1379 to 1879. - - Coles, J. J. - Va. - Africa in Brief (1886). - - Colwell, Stephen, 1800-1871 - Va. - Foreign Commerce, New Themes for the Protestant Clergy, - Politics for American Citizens, Christianity in the United - States, The South, &c. - - Conant, A. J. - Mo. - Footprints of Vanished Races (1878). - - Cook, Mrs. Mary Louisa [Redd], -1891 - Ga. - Ante Bellum, or Southern Life as It Was, A Woman's Perils, - Poems, &c. - - Cooke, Philip St. George, 1809- - soldier - Va. - Scenes and Adventures in the Army (1856), Conquest of New - Mexico and California (1878). - - Corbin, Mrs. Diana Fontaine Maury - Va. - Life of Matthew F. Maury (her father). - - Cox, Edward Travers, 1821- - Va. - Geological and Scientific Treatises. - - Coxe, Henry Carlton, 1785- - Va. - Liberty and Necessity, The Will. - - Coyner, ---- - Va. - The Lost Trappers (sequel to Lewis and Clarke Expedition). - - - Dabney, Heath H., 1859- - Va. - History of the French Revolution (1889). - - Dannelly, Mrs. Elizabeth O. [Marshall] - Ga., Tex. - Cactus; or Thorns and Blossoms (poems). - - Davis, John A. G., 1801-1840 - lawyer - Va. - Legal Treatises. - - De Graffenreidt, Christopher - baron - Switzerland, N. C. - Narrative (of the colony of Swiss at New Bern, N. C.). - - Derry, Joseph T. - edu. - Ga. - Story of the Confederate States, School History of the United - States. - - Dixon, Sam Houston - Tex. - Poets and Poetry of Texas. - - Doddridge, Joseph, 1769-1826 - P. E. cl. - W. Va. - Notes on Virginia and Pennsylvania, Logan. - - Dove, John - phys. - Va. - _Edited_ Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Masons from 1773 to - 1822, History of the Grand Lodge in Virginia, &c. - - Du Bose, John Witherspoon, 1836- - ed. - S. C., Ala. - Mineral Wealth of Alabama, Life and Times of William L. Yancey - (1892). - - Du Bose, ---- - edu. - Tenn. - Soteriology. - - Dudley, Thomas U. - P. E. bishop - Va., Ky. - A Nice Discrimination the Church's Need, A Sunday School - Question Book. - - Dugan, Mrs. George E. ("_May Myrtle_") - Mo. - Myrtle Leaves (poem, 1885). - - Dugger, Shepherd Monroe - N. C. - Balsam Groves of the Grandfather Mountain. - - Duke, R. T. W., Jr. - Va. - Poems. - - Duncan, R. S. - Bapt. cl. - Mo. - History of Baptists in Missouri (1882). - - Durrett, Reuben Thomas, 1824- - Ky. - Life of John Filson, the first historian of Kentucky, Essays, - &c. - - - Early, Mrs. Mary Washington [Cabell], 1846- - Va. - Sambo's Banishment, Virginia before the War, and other - Sketches, Stories, and Essays. - - Efnor, Mrs. Lottie - Tex. - Poems, Sketches, and other writings. - - Elliott, Stephen, 1771-1830 - nat. - S. C., Ga. - Botany of South Carolina and Georgia (1821). - - Elliott, ---- - P. E. bishop - S. C., Ga. - Religious writings. - - Elliott, Charles, 1792- - ed., M. E. cl. - Ireland, Mo. - Southwestern Methodism (1868), and other works. - - Elliott, Richard Smith - Mo. - Notes on St. Louis (1883). - - Ellison, Matthew, 1804- - Bapt. cl. - Va. - Dunkerism, a Plea for the Union of Baptists. - - Evans, Lawton B., 1862- - edu. - Ga. - History of Georgia (1884). - - Ewell, Alice Maud - Va. - The White and the Red (1889), Stories and Sketches. - - Ewing, Finis, 1773- - cl. - Va. - Lectures on Divinity (1839). - - Ezekiel, H. C. - Va. - The Book Buyer and Seller (1892). - - - Festetits, Mrs. Kate Neely, 1837- - Va. - Ellie Randolph, and other stories for children. - - Fielder, Herbert - Ga. - Life and Times of Joseph E. Brown (1883). - - Filhive, Don Juan - Spain, Ark. - Description of Hot Springs, Arkansas (in Spanish, 1796). - - Fitzhugh, William - Va. - History of the Northern Neck of Virginia. - - Fitzhugh, William Henry, 1792- - Va. - African Colonization (essays). - - Floyd, N. J. - Va. - Thorns in the Flesh (1886). - - Folsom, James M. - Ga. - Heroes and Martyrs of Georgia (1864). - - Forest, William S. - Va. - Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Norfolk. - - Fowke, Gerard - Ky., Va. - Archeological Investigations in James and Potomac Valleys (1894). - - Fox, Norman, 1836- - edu., Bapt. cl. - Mo. - A Layman's Ministry, A life of Hon. Nathan Bishop, Preacher - and Teacher, A life of President Rambaut. - - Franklin, Willie - Tenn., Tex. - "Al Lannee," and other poems. - - - Garland, Landon Cabell, 1810- - edu. - Va., Ala., Tenn. - Trigonometry, Addresses, &c. - - Garnett, Alexander Yelverton Peyton, 1820- - surgeon - Va. - Potomac Marshes, Epidemic Jaundice, &c. - - Garrett, Thomas E. - ed. - Mo. - Masque of the Muses (poem, 1883). - - Garrison, George P. - Ga., Tex. - "Solitude," and other poems and sketches. - - Gerald, Florence - Tex. - Lays of the (Texas) Republic, and other poems. - - Gilleland, William M. - Tex. - Burial March of General Thomas Green, In Memory of General - Ben. McCulloch, and other poems. - - Gillespie, Mrs. Helena [West] - edu. - Tenn., Tex. - Tennyson's Picture, and other poems. - - Gilman, Mrs. Caroline Howard, 1794- - Mass., S. C. - Recollections of a Southern Matron, and many other writings, - sketches, essays, &c. - - Goode, George Brown - sci. - Va., D. C. - Virginia Cousins, Descendants of John Goode of Whitby, Va., - ("replete with incidents and pictures of Southern life"), and - scientific writings. - - Goodloe, Daniel Reaves, 1814- - N. C. - Birth of the Republic, Reminiscences of Washington (1894), and - other writings. - - Gordon, Mrs. John N. - Va. - Scene in the Vale of Tempe (1891). - - Graham, William Alexander, 1804-1875 - Governor of N. C. - Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, Thomas Ruffin, George - E. Badger, A. D. Murphey, and other addresses and State - papers. - - Grasty, John S. - M. E. cl. - Mo. - Memoirs of Rev. Samuel B. McPheeters (1871). - - Green, Thomas Marshall - jour. - Ky. - Historic Families of Kentucky (1889), The Spanish Conspiracy - (1891), and other works. - - Green, William - jurist - Va. - Legal Treatises and Essays. - - Greene, Mrs. Mary - Mo. - Life of Rev. Jesse Greene (1852). - - Greenway, J. R. - Va. - Here and There (1892). - - Gregory, Edward S. - cl. - Va. - Sketch of Petersburg, Poems. - - Griffin, Mrs. T. M. - Ala., Tex. - The Fountain, Haunted, Drifting, and other poems. - - Gunter, Bessie E. - Va. - Housekeeper's Companion (1889). - - - Haines, Hiram, ("_Stranger_") - Va. - Buds and Blossoms (poems). - - Hallum, John, 1833- - lawyer - Tenn., Ark. - History of Arkansas (1887), Diary of an Old Lawyer (1895), - Life on the Frontier. - - Hallum, Mattie A., 1872- - Mo., Ark. - Clay (a story in verse) and other poems. - - Hambach, G. - edu. - Mo. - Missouri Geological Survey Reports, scientific papers, &c. - - Hamlett, Mrs. Lizzie - Miss., Tex. - Death of Rusk, Pleasures of Home, and other poems. - - Hamner, Salley B. - Va. - Now That You Are Married (1892). - - Harby, Mrs. Lee Cohen - S. C., Tex., N. Y. - Thanksgiving Ode (1881), A South Carolina Village, Old Stone - Fort at Nacogdoches, City of a Prince, Earliest Texas, The - Tejas Nation, Poems, Stories, &c. - - Harden, Edward Jenkins, 1813-1873 - lawyer - Ga. - Life of George M. Troup (1859), Notes of a Short Northern Tour - (translated into Latin). - - Harris, Mrs. Louisa - Mo. - Behind the Scenes; or, Nine Years at the Four Courts (1893). - - Harris, Thaddeus M. - Ga. - Memorials of Oglethorpe (1841). - - Harrison, Gessner, 1807-1862 - edu. - Va. - Laws of Latin Grammar, Greek Prepositions. - - Hartshorne, Joseph, 1779- - phys. - Va. - The Bones, and other medical works. - - Hatton, John W. - Mo. - Battle of Life (poem, 1882). - - Hayden, Horace Edwin - P. E. cl. - Va., Pa. - Virginia Genealogies, and other writings. - - Heath, James, ca. 1812- - lawyer - Va. - Edgewood (novel of the Revolution, 1838). - - Henderson, John B. - lawyer, statesman - Mo. - Speeches. - - Hening, William Waller, died 1828 - lawyer - Va. - American Pleader (1811), New Virginia Justice (1825). - - Henkel, Paul, 1754-1825 - Luth. cl. - N. C., Va. - Baptism and the Lord's Supper, German Hymns, Zeitvertreib - (poem). - - Henning, Julia R. - edu. - Va. - Geography of Virginia, Songs (with the music). - - Hereford, Mrs. Elizabeth J. - Ky., Tex. - Rebel Rhymes, and other poems. - - Hill, Benjamin Harvey, 1823-1882 - Ga. - Notes on the Situation, Orations, &c. - - Hill, Britton A. - lawyer - Mo. - Liberty and Law (1873), Absolute Money, Specie Resumption - (1876). - - Hobby, Alfred M. - Fla., Tex. - Frontier from the Saddle, Sentinel's Dream of Home. - - Hodgson, Joseph - Ala. - Cradle of the Confederacy (1876). - - Hogg, Thomas E. - Tex. - The Fate of Marvin (poem). - - Holbrook, John Edwards, 1794-1871 - sci. - S. C. - American Herpetology, Southern Ichthyology. - - Holcombe, James Philemon, 1820- - Va. - Literature and Letters, &c. - - Holding, Mrs. Elizabeth E. - edu. - Mo. - Joy the Deaconess (novel). - - Holmes, George Frederick, 1820- - edu. - British Guiana, Va. - Comte's Philosophy, and other essays, History of the United - States, Readers, and other text-books. - - Hooper, William, 1782-1876 - N. C. - Fifty Years Since (1859), and other addresses. - - Houston, Mrs. Margaret Moffett [Lea], -1867 - Ala., Tex. - To My Husband [General Sam. Houston], and other poems. - - Howard, Overton - Va. - Life of the Law. - - Hubbard, Fordyce Mitchell, 1809-1888 - N. C. - Life of W. R. Davie, Richard Caswell, The Harvey Family, &c. - - Hughey, G. W. - cl. - Mo. - The Liquor Traffic (1882), Catechism on Beer (1884), Ingersoll - and Ingersollism (1883), Resurrection of the Dead, Christian - Side of Faith, &c. - - Hunt, James H. - Mo. - The Mormon War in Missouri, 1844 (with G. W. Westbrook). - - Hutchins, James H. - N. C., Tex. - My Native Town, Funeral Odes, and other poems. - - Hutson, Charles Woodward - Ga., Miss. - Beginnings of Civilization, Story of Beryl. - - - Irby, Richard - Va. - Sketch of the Nottoway Grays. - - Irving, John B. - S. C. - Essays. - - - James, Benjamin, 1768-1825 - jurist - Va., S. C. - Statute and Common Law of Carolina (1814). - - Jamison, David F., 1810-1860 - planter, soldier - S. C. - Memoir of Bertrand du Guesclin. - - Jeffries, Fayette, 1820- - Va. - Crippled Fayette, an autobiography. - - Jett, James - Va. - A Virginia Tragedy, and other stories. - - Jewell, Horace - cl. - Ark. - History of Methodism in Arkansas (1893). - - Johnson, John, 1829- - c.e., P. E. cl. - S. C. - Defense of Charleston Harbor (1890). - - Johnston, Frederick, 1811-1894 - Va. - Old Virginia Clerks (1888). - - Jones, Charles Edgeworth, 1867- - lawyer - Ga. - Education in Georgia (1889), Divisions of Georgia (1892). - - Jones, John P. - Mo. - Spanish Expedition to Missouri in 1719, Early Travel in - Missouri, Missouri River and Indians, &c. - - Jones, Joseph, 1833- - phys., edu. - Ga., Tenn., La. - Aboriginal Remains of Tennessee (1876), Medical and Surgical - Memoirs, &c. - - Jones, Wiley - Va. - Gospel of the Kingdom. - - Jones, William Hite - Va. - Federal Taxes and State Expenses. - - Josselyn, Robert, 1810-1884 - jour. - Mass., Tex. - The Last Tear I Shed, Satire on the Times, and other poems. - - - Keiffer, Aldine S. - Va. - Poems. - - Kerr, Hugh, -1843 - Ireland, Tex. - Poetical Description of Texas (1838). - - Kerr, Robert Pollok, 1850- - Mo. - Presbyterianism for the People (1883), History of - Presbyterianism (1886), Hymns of the Ages (1891), Voice of God - in History (1890), and other works. - - Kerr, Washington Caruthers, 1827-1885 - edu., geologist - N. C. - Geological Papers (in regard to North Carolina). - - Kilby, L. Clay - Va. - Vernon Lonsdale (1876). - - King, Willis P. - phys. - Mo. - Quacks and Quackery in Missouri (1882), and medical writings. - - Kingsbury, Theodore Bryant, 1828- - ed. - N. C. - Baptism, History of Granville County, N. C., historical and - literary essays, &c. - - Krauth, Charles P., 1823- - cl. - Va. - Winter and Spring in the Danish West Indies, Conservative - Reformation, Christian Liberty, Berkeley's Principles, - Augsburg Confession, Poems, &c. - - - Ladd, Mrs. Catherine [Stratton], ("_Minnie Mayflower_"), 1809- - edu. - Va., S. C. - Tales, Essays, and Poems (1840-1860). - - Lacy, J. Horace - soldier - Va. - Historical Sketches. - - Laidley, Theodore Thaddeus Sobieski, 1822-1886 - soldier - Va. - Ordnance Manual, Rifle Practice. - - Lafferty, J. J. - M. E. cl. - Va. - Addresses, Lectures, Sermons, &c. - - Lane, James H. - soldier, edu. - N. C. - Lane's North Carolina Brigade, and other historical papers. - - Langhorne, Orra Gray - Va. - Aunt Pokey's Son, and other stories. - - Langston, John Mercer, 1829- - Va. - Freedom and Citizenship (1883). - - Lawson, Thomas, 1781- - Va. - Sickness and Mortality in the United States Army, - Meteorological Register. - - Lay, James H. - lawyer - Mo. - History of Benton County (1876). - - Leachman, Mrs. Welthea [Bryant], 1847- - Tex. - Bitter Sweet, and other poems. - - Lewis, John - Va. - Young Kate; or The Rescue--a tale of the Great Kanawha. - - Lewis, Meriwether - Va. - Lewis and Clarke Expedition (with Clarke). - - Leyburn, John, 1814- - Pr. cl. - Va. - Soldiers of the Cross, Hints to Young Men, pamphlets and - reviews. - - Lind, G. Dallas - phys. - Mo. - Races of Man, Religions of the World, Great Educators and - Their Methods, Primeval Man, The Human Body, &c. - - Lindsay, Margaret Isabella - Va. - The Lindsays of America (1889). - - Lindsley, John Berrien, 1822- - phys., edu. - Tenn. - Military History of Tennessee, Cumberland Presbyterian - History, &c. - - Linn, E. A. and N. Sargent - Mo. - Life of L. F. Linn (1857). - - Linn, John J., 1798-1885 - Ireland, Tex. - Fifty Years in Texas (reminiscences). - - Little, Lucius P. - Ga. - Ben Hardin (1887). - - Littlepage, Lewis, 1762-1802 - soldier, diplomate - Va. - Translation XXII. Ode, Book I., of Horace (done when fifteen - years old), Letters. - - Lloyd, Willa D., 1866- - Tex. - Christmas Chimes, Christmas in Camp, and other poems. - - Logan, John Randolph, 1811-1884 - Bapt. cl. - N. C. - Broad River and King's Mountain Baptist Association 1800-1882 - (1887). - - Lomax, John Tayloe, 1781-1862 - jurist - Va. - Laws of Real Property, Law of Executors, &c. - - Lowe, John, 1750-1798 - edu. - Scotland, Va. - Mary's Dream, and other poems. - - Lowndes, William Jones, 1782-1822 - statesman - S. C. - Speeches. - - Lucas, Virginia - Va. - Poems. - - Ludlow, N. M. - Mo. - Dramatic Life As I Found It (1880). - - Lupton, Nathaniel Thomas, 1830- - edu. - Va., Ala., Tenn. - Scientific Agriculture, Chemistry. - - Luther, John Hill, 1824- - Bapt. cl. - R. I., Tex. - My Verses, sermons and other writings. - - Lytle, William Henry - soldier - Va. - Poems. - - - McCabe, James Dabney, 1808-1875 - P. E. cl. - Va. - Masonic Text-Book. - - McCarthy, Carlton - Va. - Soldier Life in the Army of Northern Virginia. - - McClelland, H. B. - Va. - Life of J. E. B. Stuart (1885). - - McEachin, R. B. - Ala., Tex. - Youthful Days, and other poems. - - McDonald, Miss F. M. - Va. - Who Was the Patriot? - - McElligott, James N., 1812- - Va. - Orthography, Analyzer, Speaker, Hymns, Greek and Hebrew - Text-Books, &c. - - McGehee, Montford, 1822- - N. C. - Life of William A. Graham (1877). - - McMillan, Hamilton - N. C. - Sir Walter Raleigh's Lost Colony (1888). - - McQueary, Howard - cl. - Va. - Topics of the Times, Evolution and Christianity (1889). - - McRee, Griffith John, 1819-1873 - ed. - N. C. - Life and Correspondence of James Iredell (1857). - - McVey, Mrs. Nellie - Mo. - Eureka Springs, Poems. - - Madison, James, 1749-1812 - P. E. bishop - Va. - Sermons, Eulogy on Washington. - - Mallard, Robert Quarterman, 1830- - Pr. cl. - Ga., La. - Plantation Life Before Emancipation (1892). - - Mallary, Mrs. Mary Jeanie [Dagg] - Ala., Ga. - Horace Wilde, Elsie Lee, Rosalie Wynnton, Jack, A Seeming - Trifle, Picciola or The Power of Conscience, Aunt Clara's - School, Won by a Boy (just finished). - - Manly, Basil, 1825-1892 - edu., Bapt. cl. - S. C., Va., Ky. - Bible Doctrine of Inspiration, A Call to the Ministry, Higher - Education in the South Before the War, Hymns, Sunday School - Catechism, Addresses, &c. - - Manly, John Matthews, 1865- - Ala., R. I. - Pre-Shaksperean Drama (1895). - - Marr, Mrs. Jane Barren Hope - Va. - Novel of Spotswood's Time, "Stories and Papers," and other - writings. - - Martin, L. A. - lawyer - Mo. - Halloween, and other poems. - - Maynard, Mrs. Sallie Ballard [Hillyer], 1841-1882 - Ga., Tex. - The Two Heroines, or The Valley Farm (novel), Poems. - - Melton, Wightman Fletcher - M. E. cl., edu. - Ala. - The Preacher's Son (1894). - - Mercer, Margaret, 1792-1846 - edu. - Md., Va. - Ethics, Studies for Bible Classes (1842). - - Meriwether, C. - S. C. - History of Higher Education in South Carolina (1889). - - Merrimon, Maud L. - N. C. - Memoir of A. S. Merrimon (her father). - - Miller, Mrs. M. C. [Keller] - La. - Severed at Gettysburg, Love and Rebellion. - - Miles, James Warley, 1818-1875 - P. E. cl. - S. C. - Philosophic Theology, Addresses, Essays, &c. - - Minnigerode, Charles G., 1814-1894 - P. E. cl. - Ger., Va. - Sermons. - - Minor, Benjamin B. - Va. - Memoir of Chancellor Wythe (1852). - - Minor, John Barbee, 1813-1895 - edu., lawyer - Va. - Reports of 1799-1800, legal writings, &c. - - Minor, Lucian, 1802-1858 - ed. - Va. - Abolishing the Liquor Traffic, Travels in New England, Legal - Treatises. - - Minor, Virginia L. - Va. - Historical and Biographical Sketches, &c. - - Mitchell, John Kearsley, 1798- - phys. - Va. - St. Helena (poem), Indecision (novel) 1839, Properties of - Water, Essays on Medical Subjects, &c. - - Montague, ---- - Va. - Montagues of Virginia. - - Moore, Francis - England, Ga. - Travels into Africa, Voyage to Georgia in 1735 (1744). - - Moorman, R. B. - Va. - Sketches of Travel in Europe. - - Moran, Mrs. F. B. - Va. - Miss Washington of Virginia (1891). - - Moran, W. H. W. - Va. - From School-Room to Bar (1892). - - Morgan, William, 1775- - Va. - Illustrations of Freemasonry (1826). - - Morris, Thomas Asbury, 1794- - M. E. bishop - Va. - Church Polity, Biographical Sketches and Notes of Travel, - Western Methodism (1852). - - Mosby, Ella F., 1846- - Va. - The Ideal Life (1877), The Christmas Inn, and other stories, - poems, &c. - - Murphy, John Albert - cl. - N. C., Tex. - The First Fallen Soldier of 1861, Our Silver Wedding-Day, and - other poems. - - Mutter, Thomas Dent, 1811- - phys. - Va. - Salt-Sulphur Springs of Virginia, Medical and Surgical Essays - (1846). - - - Newton, Virginius - Va. - Confederate Navy, The Ram _Merrimac_ (in Southern Historical - Society Papers). - - Norris, Thaddeus, 1811-1877 - Va. - American Angler's Book (1864), American Fish Culture (1868). - - - Odom, Mary Hunt McCaleb ("_L'Eclair_") - Ky., Miss., Tex. - Hood's Last Charge, and other poems. - - Olive, Johnson, 1816-1885 - Bapt. cl. - N. C. - Autobiography. - - Otey, James Hervey, 1800-1863 - P. E. bishop - Va., Tenn. - Unity of the Church, Sermons and Essays. - - - Page, William - lieutenant United States navy - Va. - Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon. - - Page, William A. - Va. - Uncle Robin in His Cabin in Virginia (1853). - - Paris, John - Meth. Prot. cl. - N. C. - History of the Methodist Protestant Church (1849). - - Parker, Nathan H. - Mo. - Missouri Hand-Book (1865), Geological Map of Missouri (1865), - Missouri As It Is in 1867 (1867). - - Parker, W. W. - phys. - Va. - Rise and Decline of Homoeopathy, Forty Years a Doctor, &c. - - Pate, Henry Clay - Va. - Sketches of Virginia. - - Patton, John M. - cl. - Va. - The Death of Death. - - Paxton, William M. - Mo. - The Marshall Family (1885). - - Peck, John M. - Mo. - Life of Daniel Boone, Annals of the West (1850). - - Penn, Garland - Va. - California, Men of Mark, Wizard of the Wave, &c. - - Perdue, E. T., 1831- - Va. - Words of Our Saviour (1890). - - Phifer, C. L. - Mo. - Love and Law (sonnets), Annals of the Earth, Weather Wisdom, - and two other volumes of poems. - - Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth - P. E. cl. - S. C. - Life of Thomas Pinckney. - - Polk, William M. - phys. - La., N. Y. - Life of Leonidas Polk (his father). - - Pollard, Marie Antoinette N. G. - Va. - Poems. - - Pollard, Henry Rives, 1833- - Va. - Historical Sketches, Essays, &c. - - Pollard, Thomas - Va. - Hand-Book of Virginia. - - Pope, William F., -1895 - Ark. - The Early Days of Arkansas. - - Post, T. M. - Mo. - Life of Rev. Dr. T. A. Post. - - Potter, Mrs. Mary Eugenia [Guillot], 1864- - Tex. - The Press, Gibraltar, Pioneer Association of Dallas County, - and other poems. - - Potter, Reuben M., 1802- - N. J., Mex., Tex. - Hymn of the Alamo, Old Texian Hunter, &c. - - Price, Mrs. Anna - Va. - Sunday School Stories. - - Pryor, Roger Atkinson, 1828- - ed., lawyer - Va., N. Y. - Essays and Addresses. - - Purdy, Mrs. Amelia V. [McCarty], 1845-1881 - Pa., O., Tex. - First Fruits, Vocation, and other poems. - - Purefoy, George W. - Bapt. cl. - N. C. - Sandy Creek Baptist Association, 1758-1858 (1859). - - - Rader, Perry S. - ed. - Mo. - School History of Missouri (1891). - - Randolph, Alfred Magill, 1836- - P. E. bishop - Va. - Sermons and Discourses. - - Randolph, E. A. - Va. - Life of John Jasper (1884). - - Randolph, Peyton, 1779- - lawyer - Va. - Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court, 1821-8. - - Raymond, W. M. - Va. - Citronaloes (1889). - - Reavis, L. U. - Mo. - The New Republic (1867), St. Louis the Future Great City - (1870), Thoughts for Young Men (1873), Life of Horace Greeley, - Life of General Harney (1878), Commercial Destiny of the - Mississippi Valley (1880), The Isthmian Passage (1882), - Manhood of America (1880), and other works. - - Reichel, Levin Theodore, 1812-1878 - Moravian bishop - N. C. - The Moravians in North Carolina (1857). - - Reilly, J. S. - N. C. - Wilmington: Past, Present, and Future. - - Reynolds, Thomas C. - Governor of Mo. - Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Discovery of the Upper - Mississippi, State Papers, &c. - - Rhodes, Edward Abesette, 1841-1863 - soldier - Tex. - Poem on death of his father, &c. - - Rhodes, Robert H., 1845-1874 - Tex. - Prayer, Under the Cactus, and other poems. - - Rhodes, William Henry, 1822- - N. C., Tex., Cal. - Theodosia (play), Indian Gallows (poems), Caston's Book - (essays, poems, and sketches). - - Rice, Martin - Bapt. cl. - Mo. - Rural Rhymes, Tales of Olden Times, Blue River Association. - - Richards, William C., 1818-1892 - cl., sci. - England, Ga., Ill. - Georgia Illustrated (1842). - - Richardson, John M., 1831- - S. C., Tex. - The Whiskey Fiend, Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots, &c. - - Riley, Benjamin Franklin, 1849- - Bapt. cl., edu. - Ala., Ga. - History of Conecuh County, Ala., Alabama As It Is, History of - the Baptists of Alabama, Baptists in the Southern States East - of the Mississippi (in preparation). - - Robinson, Conway, 1805- - lawyer - Va. - Early Voyages to America (1848), and legal works. - - Robinson, John - Va. - Forms in the Court of Law of Virginia (1790, 1826). - - Robinson Willie Blanche ("_Persia_") 1857- - Tex. - Texas to Jefferson Davis--A Welcome, and other poems. - - Rockwell, Elisha F., 1809-1888 - N. C. - Rowan County in 1774, John Thompson, James Hall, and other - historical papers. - - Rogers, Mrs. Loula Kendall - edu. - Ga. - Toccoa the Beautiful, Twenty Years an Alien, Musical Drills, - Songs, and other poems. - - Rose, Victor M., -1893 - Tex. - Ross's Brigade, Los Despenadores, The Texas Vendetta, Demara - the Comanche Queen, History of Victoria County, Life of - General B. McCulloch, Legend of Dixie. - - Ross, James, 1801-1878 - ---- - Life and Times of Elder Reuben Ross (his father). - - Rothwell, William R. - edu., Bapt. cl. - Mo. - Reading the Scriptures (1889), New Testament Church Order - (1890), Addresses. - - Rowe, Horace, 1852-1884 - Tex. - Years of Youth, and other poems. - - Royall, Anne, 1769-1854 - b. in Virginia (a prisoner for years among the Indians, then - lived in Alabama and Washington, D. C.). - History, Life, and Manners in the United States, The Tennessee - (novel), The Black Book, Letters from Alabama, Southern Tour. - - Ruffin, Edmund, 1794-1865 - Va. - Essays on Agriculture, Anticipations of the Future (1860). - - Ruffner, William H. - ---- - History of Washington and Lee University, &c. - - - Salyards, Joseph H. - edu. - Va. - Idothea, a Poem (1875). - - Sampson, Francis Asbury, 1842- - lawyer - Mo. - Natural History of Pettis County (1882), Bibliography of the - Geology of Missouri (1890), Mollusca of Arkansas (1893), and - other scientific and historical writings. - - Saunders, Mrs. Mary [Ingle], 1836- - England, Tex. - Texas, San Jacinto Day, and other poems. - - Saunders, William Lawrence, 1835-1891 - statesman - N. C. - _Edited_ Records of North Carolina to 1776 (8 volumes). - - Schenck, David, 1835- - lawyer - N. C. - North Carolina 1780-81, Guilford Court-House, and other - historical papers. - - Scott, John - Va. - Partisan Life with Mosby. - - Scott, William Cooper, 1817- - Va. - Genius and Faith. - - Scott, Winfield, 1786- - soldier - Va. - Regulations for the Army, Infantry Tactics, Memoir of - Lieutenant-General Scott, written by himself (1864). - - Semmes, Thomas - Va. - Poems (by "Collegian"). - - Sherwood, Adiel, 1791-1879 - Bapt. cl. - Ga., Mo. - Gazetteers of Georgia, Notes on the New Testament. - - Shields, Joseph Dunbar, 1820- - jurist - Miss. - Life and Times of Prentiss (1885). - - Shinn, Josiah H., 1849- - edu., jour. - Ark. - Public School and College (1891), The South and Education - (1892), History of the American People (1893), Illustrated - Arkansas (1893), and other works. - - Shumard, Benjamin F. - sci. - Mo. - Geological Reports of Missouri and Texas, &c. - - Sibbald, George - Ga. - Pine Lands of Georgia (1801). - - Slaughter, William Bank, 1798- - Va. - Reminiscences of Distinguished Men I Have met (1878). - - Smith, Augustine Meade - Va. - Commissioners in Chancery (1888). - - Smith, Benjamin Mosby, 1811- - cl. - Va. - Commentary on the Psalms and Proverbs, Questions on the - Gospels, Poetical Books of the Scriptures. - - Smith, C. Alphonso - edu. - La. - Repetition and Parallelism in English verse (1894). - - Smith, Charles Lee, 1865- - N. C. - History of Education in North Carolina (1888). - - Smith, George G., Jr., 1829- - M. E. cl. - Ga. - History of Methodism in Georgia and Florida, Life of Bishop - Andrew, &c. - - Smith, John Augustine, 1782-1865 - phys. - Va. - Nervous System, Mutations of the Earth, Moral and Physical - Science, &c. - - Smith, Mrs. Mary Stuart [Harrison] - Va. - Art of Housekeeping, Lang Syne, or The Wards of Mt. Vernon - (1889), translations, essays, &c. - - Smith, Sarah Henderson - Va. - Alice Singleton, Up to the Light, Poems (1885). - - Smithdeal, George Michael, 1855- - edu. - N. C., Va. - Book-Keeping: Theory and Practice. - - Smithdeal, Mrs. Grace Henning - D. C., Va. - Grammar, Speller, and Letter-Writer. - - Sommersall, James - Ga. - Poems (1853). - - Sparks, W. H. - Ga. - Memories of Fifty Years (1870). - - Spragins, Mrs. Anna Ward, -1876 - Ala., Tex. - Shiloh, Farewell to Texas, and other poems. - - Sprunt, James, 1846- - merchant, British vice-consul - Scotland, N. C. - Wilmington (1883), A Colonial Plantation, What Ship is That? - (the blockade of Wilmington). - - Stevens, William Bacon - P. E. bishop - Ga. - History of Georgia (1847, 1859), Discourses. - - Stewart, Frederick Campbell - phys. - Va. - Hospitals and Surgeons of Paris (1843). - - Stillman, Anne Raymond - S. C., Ala. - How They Kept the Faith (story of the Huguenots). - - Stockard, Henry Jerome - N. C. - Poems. - - Swartz, Joel, 1827- - cl. - Va. - Dreams of the Waking Heart, Lyra Lutherana. - - Swisher, Mrs. Bella French, 1837- - ed. - Ga., Wis., Tex. - History of Brown County, Wis., Struggling Up to the Light - (novel), San Antonio River, and other poems. - - - Taylor, Hannis - Ala. - History of the British Constitution. - - Taylor, William, 1821- - bishop - Va. - Christian Adventures in South Africa, Our South American - Cousins, Four Year's Campaign in India, &c. - - Thomas, Joseph, 1791- - cl. - N. C. - The Life of the Pilgrim (autobiography). - - Thurston, G. P. - ---- - Antiquities of Tennessee (1890). - - Tiernan, Mrs. Mary Spear [Nicholas], 1836-1891 - Va., Md. - Homoselle, and other novels. - - Tiffany, Olive - Mo. - Floral Poems (1893). - - Truitt, Mrs. Julia Phifer - La., Tex. - Birds of Passage, Sometimes, and other poems. - - Tucker, David Holmes - edu., phys. - Va. - Medical writings. - - Tucker, Henry St. George, 1780-1848 - jurist - Va. - Commentaries on the Law of Virginia, Constitutional Law, - Natural Law and Government, &c. - - Tucker, Nathaniel, 1750- - Bermuda, Va. - The Bermudian (poem, 1774). - - Tunstall, Nannie W. - Va. - "No. 40," and other stories. - - Turner, Thomas Sloss, 1860- - Ky., Tex. - Life's Brevity, and other poems. - - Turrentine, Mrs. Mary E. [Arrington], 1834- - Ark., Tex. - To a Mocking-Bird, and other poems, and sketches. - - Tuthill, C. L. - ---- - Virginia Dare; or, The Colony of Roanoke. - - Tuttle, Joseph K. - M. E. cl. - Mo. - Ecce Christus Lectures (1887). - - Tyler, John, 1790-1862 - tenth President - Va. - The Dead of the Cabinet, Death of Jefferson, and other - addresses and messages. - - Tyler, Lyon Gardiner, 1853- - edu., ed. - Va. - Letters and Times of the Tylers (two vols. 1884, a third vol. - now in press, 1895), Parties and Patronage in the United - States (1891), various literary and historical addresses and - papers. - - Tyler, Robert, 1818-1877 - Va., Ala. - Ahasuerus, Death or Medora's Dream (poems), addresses, and - other writings. - - - Upshur, Abel Parker, 1790-1844 - Va. - Nature and Character of our Federal Government (1840). - - - Vass, Lachlan Gumming, 1831- - Pr. cl. - N. C. - History of the Presbyterian Church in New Bern, N. C. - - Velthusen, Johann Caspar - ---- - News of the Church in North Carolina (in German, 1786-1792, - four reports). - - Venable, Charles S., 1827- - edu. - Va. - Mathematical Text-Books (1869-'75). - - Venable, Frank Preston, 1856- - Va. - Chemical Analysis. - - Waddell, James D. - lawyer - Ga. - Sketch of Linton Stephens (1877). - - Waddell, Joseph Addison, 1823- - Va. - Annals of Augusta County, and other writings. - - Wall, Henry Clay - N. C. - Historical Sketch of the Pee Dee Guards (1876). - - Walter, Thomas, ca. 1745-ca. 1800 - England, N. C. - Flora Caroliniana (1788, London). - - Walton, William Claiborne, 1793- - cl. - Va. - Sermons and Discourses. - - Warder, George W. - Mo. - Utopian Dreams and Lotus Leaves, Eden Dell. - - Warrock, John, 1774- - Va. - Warrock's Almanac (issued annually forty years). - - Washington, Bushrod, 1762- - Va. - Reports of Court of Appeals and of the Circuit Court of the - United States (six volumes). - - Washington, Lawrence - Va. - A Romance. - - Waterhouse, S. - edu. - Mo. - Resources of Missouri (1867), The Westward Movement of Capital - (1890), St. Louis the Site for the World's Fair (1889), &c. - - Weaver, W. T. G., 1834-1877 - Mo., Tex. - Hours of Amusement, Houston's Address to His Men at San - Jacinto, Song of the Texas Rangers, The Girl in Red, and other - poems. - - Weeks, Stephen Beauregard, 1865- - historian, edu. - N. C. - Bibliography of the Historical Literature of North Carolina, - Lost Colony of Roanoke, and many other historical papers. - - West, Mrs. Florence Duval, -1881 - Fla., Tex. - Land of the Lotus-Eaters (prose sketches), The Marble Lily, - and other poems. - - Weston, James A. - P. E. cl. - N. C. - Life of Peter Stuart Ney (1895), Sermons and Memoirs. - - Wharey, James, 1789-1842 - cl. - N. C., Va. - Church History from the Birth of Christ to the Nineteenth - Century. - - White, George, 1802-1887 - P. E. cl. - S. C. - Statistics of Georgia (1849), Historical Collections of - Georgia (1854). - - Whitsett, William Thornton, 1866- - edu. - N. C. - "Bob White," To a Lark, and other poems. - - Whitsitt, William Heth, 1841- - Bapt. cl., edu. - Tenn., Ky. - History of the Baptists, Origin of the Disciples, History of - the Wallace Family, &c. - - Whitten, Mrs. Martha Elizabeth [Hotchkiss] - Tex. - The Old Home, Elegy on Dr. Manning, and other poems. - - Whittle, Gilberta, 1850- - Va. - Stories and Essays. - - Williams, John G. - Bapt. cl. - S. C. - Invasion of the Moon. - - Williamson, Hugh, 1735-1819 - phys. - N. C. - History of North Carolina (1812). - - Wilmer, William Holland, 1782-1827 - P. E. cl. - Va. - Controversy with a Jesuit (1818), Sermons, &c. - - Wilson, John S. - Pr. cl. - Ga. - Necrology (1869). - - Winkler, Mrs. A. V. - ed. - Va., Tex. - Confederate Capitol, Hood's Texas Brigade. - - Wingfield, Edwin Maria, 1570- - England, Va. - Discourse on Virginia. - - Wirt, Mrs. Elizabeth Washington [Gamble], 1784-1857 - Va. - Flora's Dictionary. - - Wise, George - Va. - History of the Seventeenth Virginia Infantry (1870). - - Withers, Alexander Scott, 1792-1865 - lawyer - Va. - (kinsman of Sir Walter Scott). Border Warfare. - - Wood, Annie C. - Va. - Diana Fontaine (1891), Westover's Ward (1892). - - Wood, John, 1775-1822 - Scotland, Va. - Rise and Progress of the Revolution, Trial of Aaron Burr, - Diurnal Rotation of the Earth, &c. - - Woodward, C. M. - edu. - Mo. - History of St. Louis Bridge, City of St. Louis (1892). - - Woodward, W. S. - M. E. cl. - Mo. - Annals of Methodism in Missouri (1893). - - Wormeley, Ariana Randolph - ---- - The Coming Woman (a comedy, 1870). - - Wormeley, Mary Elizabeth, 1822- - England, Va. - Forest Hill, Amabel (1853), Our Cousin Veronica (1856), The - Steel Hammer (1888). - - Wright, Robert - England, Ga. - Memoirs of General James Oglethorpe (1867). - - Wynne, Thomas Hicks, 1820-1875 - Va. - Historical Documents from the Old Dominion (1860-1874), from - the Old North State, Narrative of Col. David Fanning (1861). - - Wythe, George, 1726- - Va. - Decisions of the High Court of Chancery (1795). - - - - -Transcriber's Note - -Archaic and variable spelling is preserved as printed. Punctuation -errors have been repaired. - -The following amendments have been made: - - Page 14--312 amended to 311--"Osceola, Leader of the - Seminoles, 311" - - Page 27--Soverignty amended to Sovereignty--"State - Sovereignty and Liberty, ..." - - Page 31--289 amended to 299--"University of Alabama 299" - - Page 31--entries "University of Mississippi 337" and - "Arkansas Industrial University 402" were originally - immediately preceding the entry for "Mississippi - Industrial Institute ... 446". They have been moved to - the correct place in the List of Illustrations. - - Page 98--inflence amended to influence--"... that all - attempts to influence it by temporal punishments ..." - - Page 125--efflulgence amended to effulgence--"... the - purity of his private character gave effulgence to his - public virtues." - - Page 139--opprobium amended to opprobrium--"... (that - opprobrium, in the opinion of some gentlemen, ...)." - - Page 243--commere amended to commerce--"... and has - proven of immense benefit both to commerce and science." - - Page 254--Vasconselas amended to Vasconselos--"... - Cassique of Kiawah. Vasconselos, [tale of De Soto.]" - - Page 261--repeated 'of' deleted--"... preceded the final - insensibility of the victim." - - Page 292--repeated 'it' deleted--"... when one half of - it is placed under water, ..." - - Page 341--scarcly amended to scarcely--"His future was - so uncertain--that he scarcely alluded to that ..." - - Page 384--fuchias amended to fuchsias--"... and her - fingers toyed with the scarlet fuchsias; ..." - - Page 391--Maryiand amended to Maryland--"Potomac calls - to Chesapeake, Maryland, my Maryland!" - - Page 432--Pepworth amended to Pebworth--"Farrier Lass o' - Piping Pebworth." - - Page 441--grand amended to grande--"He went and married - _la grande demoiselle_." - - Page 448--omitted 2. added--"2. For what was his - daughter Evelyn noted?" - - Page 448--omitted 5. added--"5. When was the Farewell - Address written?" - - Page 448--2. amended to 6.--"_6. Who were presidents - before Jefferson?_" - - Page 449--Demothenes amended to Demosthenes--"_5. Who - were Demosthenes, Ossian, Homer, Milton, Rousseau?_" - - Page 449--7. amended to 5.--"_5. When was the University - established and opened?_" - - Page 450--6. amended to 5.--"5. Where did he die?" - - Page 452--4. amended to 3.--"_3. What other writers - edited or wrote for the "Messenger"?_" - - Page 452--6. amended to 5.--"_5. Mention some other - Confederate soldiers who went to Mexico._" - - Page 452--5. amended to 6.--"_6. Where is Magnolia - Cemetery?_" - - Page 453--6. amended to 4.--"_4. Tell something of James - Edward Oglethorpe._" - - Page 454--2. amended to 3.--"_3. Learn something of - their history._" - - Page 457--entry "R. C., Roman Catholic." moved to - appropriate alphabetical place in list of abbreviations. - - Page 461--Addresss amended to Address--"Berrien, John - Macpherson, ... Address in Congress." - - Page 468--Ninteenth amended to Nineteenth--"War of - Ahriman and Ormuzd in the Nineteenth Century, ..." - - Page 473--Historie amended to Histoire--"Fortier, Alcée - ... Histoire de la Littérature française, ..." - - Page 476--Pourqui amended to Pourquoi--"Grisna, E. ... - Pourquoi Jean Est Resté Garçon." - - Page 482--Correspondende amended to - Correspondence--"Life and Correspondence of - Major-General Greene." - - Page 486--Self-Governmant amended to - Self-Government--"... Civil Liberty and Self-Government, - ..." - -Most references to the death date of St. George H. Tucker in the book -give a year of 1863; however, the information about his death on page -329 notes that he died in the Seven Days' Battles around Richmond in -1862. Since an alternative source for the date of his death could not -be found, all dates remain as printed. - -Illustrations have been moved slightly, where necessary, so that they -are not in the middle of a paragraph. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Southern Literature From 1579-1895, by Louise Manly - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOUTHERN LITERATURE FROM 1579-1895 *** - -***** This file should be named 27279-8.txt or 27279-8.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/2/7/27279/ - -Produced by Kevin O'Hare (who provided the book), Sam W. -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net. 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