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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/27256-h.zip b/27256-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..12afd1e --- /dev/null +++ b/27256-h.zip diff --git a/27256-h/27256-h.htm b/27256-h/27256-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..afbdd6d --- /dev/null +++ b/27256-h/27256-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1970 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" + content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" /> +<meta content="pg2html (binary v0.18)" name="generator" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of + A Pioneer Railway of the West, + by Maude Ward Lafferty +</title> +<style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ + <!-- + body { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; } + p { text-indent: 1em; + margin-top: .75em; + font-size: 100%; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { text-align: center; } + hr { width: 50%; } + hr.full { width: 100%; } + .foot { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 85%; } + .poem { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left; } + .poem .stanza { margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; } + .poem p { margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; } + .poem p.i2 { margin-left: 1.5em; } + .poem p.i4 { margin-left: 2.5em; } + .quote { margin-left: 6%; margin-right: 6%; text-indent: 0em; font-size: 90%; } + .figure { margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-indent: 0em; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps; } + .center { text-align: center; } + .right { text-align: right; } + .sc { font-variant: small-caps; } + span.pagenum { position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt; color: gray; background-color: inherit; } +/*]]>*/ + // --> +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's A Pioneer Railway of the West, by Maude Ward Lafferty + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Pioneer Railway of the West + +Author: Maude Ward Lafferty + +Release Date: November 14, 2008 [EBook #27256] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PIONEER RAILWAY OF THE WEST *** + + + + +Produced by David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Kentuckiana Digital Library) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pagei" name="pagei"></a>[i]</span></p> + +<h1> + A Pioneer Railway of the West +</h1> + +<h2> +By Maude Ward Lafferty +</h2> + +<a name="image-0001"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/frontis.png" width="500" height="274" +alt="Railroad locomotive moving right to left" /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="pageii" name="pageii"></a>[ii]</span></p> + +<p><!--[Blank Page]--></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page1" name="page1"></a>[1]</span></p> + +<p class="center"> +This restoration of a portion of the original track of the<br /> +Lexington and Ohio (now Louisville and Nashville) Railroad<br /> +laid at Lexington in 1831, is dedicated to those men of<br /> +forethought and courage who were pioneers in railroad<br /> +development in America. +</p> + +<p class="center"> Erected Anno Domini </p> +<p class="center"> MCMXVI. </p> + +<p class="center"> Dedication Exercises </p> +<p class="center"> 10 A. M. </p> +<p class="center"> May 30, 1916 </p> + +<p class="center"> College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering </p> +<p class="center"> University of Kentucky </p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page2" name="page2"></a>[2]</span></p> + +<p><!--[Blank Page]--></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page3" name="page3"></a>[3]</span></p> + +<p> +During the month of July, 1915, there appeared in a local newspaper an +account of the finding of "Old Rail Stones" and "Old Strap Iron Rails" +which had been used in the construction of the railroad generally known +as "the old Lexington and Frankfort Road," though it was incorporated +under the name of the "Lexington and Ohio Rail Road." It is believed by +many to have been the first railroad west of the Alleghany Mountains. +Be that as it may, the quaint and interesting relics had just been dug +up that week by the workmen who were reconstructing the freight yards +of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The workmen were moving more +recently laid tracks back to <i>the old original road bed of the pioneer +railroad</i>, and in doing so they unearthed those curious relics of 1831. +</p> +<p> +Although just starting that very day for a summer vacation, I hurried +down town a little before train time, and went to the Main Street +offices of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad where the interesting +relics were on display. +</p> +<p> +As I stood gazing at that worn and rusty bar of iron with its single +bent and rusty spike, I was whisked back across the years by some +strange trick of memory and I saw, instead, a dimly lighted sick room, +on a hot summer night—myself a little sufferer, and sitting beside me, +fanning my fevered brow, my beloved father, who, notwithstanding the +fatigue of a heavy and exacting practice sat thus night after night, +soothing me to sleep by telling me entertaining stories of his youth, +and as he was born one hundred and one years ago, the strange +experiences of his boyhood were thrilling indeed to his youthful adorer. +</p> +<p> +And so, I saw in my mind's eye that familiar room of my childhood—the +open window, the breezes blowing the curtains to and fro, the moonlight +casting strange shadows on the terrace outside, and I heard again that +voice which has meant so much to me telling how "when the first railroad +started" and all the people had gathered from far and near "to witness +its departure," he and a group of fellow students from Transylvania +University, mounted on fast horses, galloped ahead "to see if the +Wonderful Thing could round the curve without running off the track"; +and how "it came in sight, thundering along, puffing out clouds of black +smoke, the engineer adding to the confusion by incessantly blowing his +shrill whistle," all of which so terrified his horse, he had great +difficulty in keeping his seat, but yet, how tremendously impressed he +was by the "gallant way in which the gentlemen seated in the coach +raised their stovepipe hats in greeting as they passed by like a streak +of lightning." +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page4" name="page4"></a>[4]</span></p> + +<p> +He said the locomotive had been invented by his old friend Tom Barlow, +in whose honor he had named our Tom Barlow, his favorite race horse. +</p> +<p> +He also said the old locomotive looked like a "thresher engine mounted +on a flat car," and that the coach was for all the world like an +"omnibus with seats on top as well as inside," and furthermore, he +added, when it had been proved safe he rode upon it himself, and then +"rode home on horseback" (a distance of thirty miles) to tell his mother +all about it. +</p> +<p> +And this was all that was left of that Wonderful Thing, this bit of +scrap iron and a few stone sills! +</p> +<p> +Finding myself gazing vacantly at that relic of the Past, and that +people were noting my abstraction, I hastily gathered myself together +and crossing the street to our beautiful Union Station, I started +on my journey. In a magnificent chair car, luxuriously furnished and +upholstered, a liveried porter raised the windows and adjusted screens, +turned on an electric fan, offered me the latest magazines and papers +fresh from the press, placed a footstool at my feet and a cushion at +my back. My safety was provided for by double tracking and unseen but +perfectly trained employees, but neither the reading matter in my lap, +the comfort of my surroundings, nor the always charming scenery from the +car window, could drive from my thoughts the quaint old railroad; and +when I came back to Lexington in the fall, in my eager desire to know +more about it, I immediately began my research which has grown into this +history of +</p> +<p class="center"> "A Pioneer Railway of the West." </p> + +<p class="right"> + <span class="sc">Maude Ward Lafferty.</span> +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page5" name="page5"></a>[5]</span></p> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br /><br /><br /><br /></div> + +<p> +The first locomotive engine in the world was built just one hundred +years ago by George Stephenson and used at Newcastle, England, at the +Killingworth Colliery. +</p> +<p> +According to the Encyclopedia Britannica <i>railways</i> had their origin in +<i>tramways</i> which were used more than two hundred years ago in the mining +districts of England to carry their output of coal to the sea. +</p> +<p> +The Stockton and Darlington Railway, about thirty-eight miles in length, +was operating a locomotive driven by Stephenson, with a signalman on +horseback, in advance, in 1825. The passenger coach in this instance was +named the "Experiment," and carried six persons inside and from fifteen +to twenty persons outside. But it was the year 1829, which became famous +in the annals of railways, not only for the opening of the Liverpool and +Manchester line, but for the invention and construction of the first +high speed locomotive of the standard modern type. Robert Stephenson's +engine, "The Rocket," was made under competition for the Liverpool and +Manchester Railway and it gained the prize of five hundred pounds for +lightness, power and speed, awarded by the directors. +</p> + +<h3><span class="sc">First Railroads and Locomotives in the United States.</span></h3> + +<p> +The newspapers of that period were filled with the wonderful +"performance" of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the people of +the United States, as well as those of Great Britain, became interested +in the question of railroad transportation. As early as 1828 charters +were obtained in several Eastern States and railroad companies +organized. +</p> +<p> +The first locomotive engine used in this country was operated on the +Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's railroad between the mines at +Carbondale and the town of Honesdale, Pennsylvania. This locomotive was +built at Stourbridge, England, and made its trial trip in August, 1829. +</p> + +<h3><span class="sc">Kentucky's First Railroad.</span></h3> + +<p> +Kentucky, which was one of the leading States in the Union in those days +in all progressive movements, was wide awake to the great advantages to +be gained by railroad transportation. And Lexington, which seems to have +been the "self-starter" of Kentucky, was aroused to the highest pitch of +excitement. The various "performances" of the English railroads were +published at length in the Kentucky Gazette, and the Observer and +Reporter. Lexington was the very heart of the great Blue Grass region of +Kentucky. The amazing richness of the soil had lured the first settlers +from the safety of their transmontane homes to the hardships of Indian +fighting and primitive living. Here they had built an ideal city + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page6" name="page6"></a>[6]</span> + + adorned +with beautiful Colonial homes; established the first great seat of +learning west of the Alleghanies; built the first insane asylum; started +the first newspaper; established the first public library, and +surrounded by culture, wealth and refinement, with every want seemingly +supplied and every wish apparently gratified, their business men +declared there was yet one thing lacking—they needed an outlet to some +great water course. The town branch was beautiful to look upon and a +never-failing delight to those first inhabitants but useless for +navigation. Their bountiful crops demanded transportation to the markets +of the world. And now, like a miracle to solve their difficulties came +this railroad proposition. They read the local papers with interest, +discussed the question at public meetings, sent a man to England to +obtain all available information concerning it, and with a push and +energy which would startle the town today, they set to work to obtain a +charter from the Kentucky Legislature, then in its session of 1829-30, +asking for a railroad from Lexington, Kentucky, <i>to some point</i> on the +Ohio River. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The Reporter for February 3rd, 1830, <i>just one week</i> after the Charter +was obtained, had the following article: "As considerable interest has +been excited in this community on the subject of Railroads by the Act of +the Legislature authorizing the formation of a Company to make one from +this town to the Ohio River, we have copied into this paper several +articles going to show their immense utility and importance. +</p> +<p> +However great the advantages of Railroads may be to any country we are +convinced that there is none where this beneficial influence could be +more intensely experienced than in this section of Kentucky." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Then follows a notice calling attention to Section I of the Charter and +asking that subscription books be opened. On Monday, February 8th, 1830, +<i>just eleven days</i> after the Charter was obtained, the books were opened +at Brennan's Tavern from ten a.m. until two p.m. on five successive +days. And in this incredibly short space of time the money was raised +by those public spirited, enterprising men. What a magnificent +achievement! +</p> +<p> +Digressing a moment here, it must be remembered that Brennan's Tavern, +which plays so conspicuous a part in this history of the railroad, was +none other than the famous old Postlethwaite's Tavern, known to us as +the Phoenix Hotel, which has been making history for Lexington since +1800. At this particular time it was leased and conducted by Mr. +Brennan, and so took his name for the time being. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +In the next issue of the Reporter, February 10th, 1830, we find: +"Agreeable to the notice published in our last, the subscription books +for + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page7" name="page7"></a>[7]</span> + + stock in this company were opened on Monday last, and before two +o'clock p.m., the amount of stock subscribed was for $204,000. We have +procured the following list of the names of the subscribers with the +sums subscribed by each respectively, which we publish by way of showing +to those who are yet in doubt as to the practicability and policy of +this work, how the subject is viewed by men of practical experience." +</p> +<p> +Then follows a list of twenty-two subscribers. +</p> +<p> +"These liberal subscriptions by persons who have carefully investigated +the subject afford conclusive proof that they consider the project not +only a feasible one but one that offers to the Capitalist an opportunity +for a profitable investment of funds. They have doubtless taken into +consideration the peculiar advantages of the country in which the road +will be located. * * * It is impossible to imagine the full extent of +the varied mutual influences which the prosperity of this section of the +country and the Rail Road will exert, all tending to the convenience, +wealth and happiness of the community. * * * +</p> +<p> +P. S.—At the closing of the books at two p.m. on Tuesday, the following +additional subscriptions had been taken." +</p> +<p> +(Follows a list of forty-two subscribers.) +</p> +<p> +"Which makes a total amount of $310,800; $300,000 being all that is +necessary to vest corporate rights. +</p> +<p> +"At a meeting assembled for the purpose, Mr. Elisha I. Winter was +elected President and John Brand, Benjamin Gratz, George Boswell, Walter +Dunn, Richard Higgins, Henry Clay, Joseph Bruen, Henry C. Payne, Elisha +Warfield, Benjamin Dudley and Charlton Hunt, Directors of the Lexington +and Ohio Rail Road Co." +</p> + +<h3><span class="sc">Construction.</span></h3> + +<p> +The succeeding newspapers published a great deal on construction, and +when it is remembered that all of it was experimental at that time, +it will be interesting to note that the Lexington and Ohio Railroad +Company, patterned most closely after the English models, undertaking, +however, to improve upon them by the use of our native limestone sills +which they believed to be indestructible and found, to their sorrow, to +be most perishable. +</p> +<p> +The Reporter of November 24th, 1830, says: "A great deal of information +on the subject of Rail Roads has been disseminated by public spirited +individuals in the course of the past two or three years. A number of +such works have been projected in the United States and some of them +completed within that period. The Baltimore and Ohio is first and most + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page8" name="page8"></a>[8]</span> + +important in every point of view. To the efforts of the enterprising +Directors and Stockholders of that Company, we shall be indebted for +the creation in a short period of time of a greater extent of Railway +communication between the several parts of the Union than Centuries have +produced of artificial or canal navigation. We firmly believe that the +digging of canals in all parts of the country will cease and that many +now in use will be abandoned and railroads substituted in place of them. +* * * * * As to the mode of construction—the route is selected upon +a minute survey, with as little elevation as possible, with a view to +economy—the line is then graded by excavating the earth to near a +level, say 50 feet slope to the mile. The excavation for a single line +of rails need not be more than one-third the width of a turnpike and, of +course, this part of the work is proportionately cheaper than grading +for a turnpike. Large pieces of limestone, two feet or more in length +and from 3 to 12 inches thick, made straight on the upper edge, are then +firmly imbedded along the graduated road in two lines, 4 feet 3 inches +apart. On these lines of stone sills are laid iron bars or rails, 2 +inches wide, 1-1/2 inches thick, fastened with iron bolts. Bridges to +pass water courses and drains to carry off the water are to be made in +the common way. * * * The work is now done. As to its cost—Unless the +route be through hills and vallies and, of course, a very unfavorable +one, the necessary grading of a narrow line for a railway will not cost +more than the like work for a wide turnpike. * * * The next item of +expense is stone work. The stone sills will cost 20 cents per foot, or +$2,112 per mile for two rows. The iron rails and bolts will cost $57 per +ton, or $969 per mile, allowing 17 tons which will do, fastening the +same from 1 to $200 a mile. * * * No greater difficulty exists in fixing +the precise cost of a railway than of a house of given dimensions or of +a brick wall. In reference to the Lexington and Ohio Railroad the +requisite data to form true estimates of the cost of each separate mile +will soon be in possession of the Company. The Engineers are of the +opinion that it is throughout an eligible cheap line. The whole cost +then is less than $8,000 a mile." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The Reporter of December 1st, 1830, makes an interesting correction: +"In speaking in our last of the iron rails, we should have described +them as <i>half an inch</i> thick instead of an inch and a half. The +engineers have run the experimental line on a grade thirty feet to the +mile instead of fifty feet as we supposed. A locomotive engine will act +advantageously upon a grade of forty feet or more, but the country +between Lexington and Louisville will admit of as low a grade as thirty +feet without expensive excavations or embankments, there being no +natural obstacle on + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page9" name="page9"></a>[9]</span> + + the whole line except at Frankfort where an inclined +plane and stationary power will be required to reach the Kentucky River." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +In the issue of March 30th, 1831, the Reporter makes an interesting +calculation, proving in dollars and cents the value of the prospective +railroad. It says: "It appears by a statement of the performance on the +Liverpool and Manchester Railway that an engine has transported 142 tons +of freight 180 miles in one day, making six trips between the two towns, +and that on the next day, the steam engine travelled 120 miles with +similar loads. The transportation of 142 tons in 180 miles is equivalent +to the conveyance of one ton 4620 miles. Now, if as it is stated, the +cost of fuel, oil, attendance and all other charges requisite to the +operations of a Locomotive Engine be only $5 a day, it follows that +when once a Rail Road is completed and all its machinery prepared for +operations 4620 tons may be transported one mile for $5.00, or 100 tons +one mile for 12-3/4 cents. When these results are applied to our own +road it will be seen that estimating ten barrels of flour for a ton, +the transportation of 100 barrels 100 miles would cost 106-1/4 cents. +It is true that no one can suppose that this full result can ever be +reduced to continued practice but the simple fact of its having once +been accomplished will be sufficient to place Rail Roads far above all +other artificial means of transportation. At the same time it should not +be forgotten that the wagons on the Liverpool and Manchester Rail Road +are of the old construction and are known to require double the power +to draw them that the wagons do on our Rail Road." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +"Our Stockholders" pushed the work on "our Rail Road" with all speed; +the engineer submitted his report, and from the Kentucky Reporter, +September 1st, 1830, we find: "The examinations of the route for the +Rail Road from Lexington to the Ohio River has been made as far as +Frankfort which exhibit the following results: +</p> +<p> +1. There will be one Inclined Plane at Frankfort about 2200 feet long, +descending one foot in fourteen. All the residue of the road can be +graded to 30 feet or less in a mile which is a fraction over +one-fifteenth of an inch rise in a foot. +</p> +<p> +2. On that grade there will be no "cut" deeper than 19 feet at the apex +and but one of that depth. +</p> +<p> +3. There will be no embankment over 20 feet high, no bridge over 30 feet +high. +</p> +<p> +4. The distance to Frankfort will not be increased two miles in length +over the present travelled road. +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page10" name="page10"></a>[10]</span></p> + +<p> +5. There will not be as much rock excavation in the grading as will be +required to construct the road. +</p> +<p> +6. On the thirty feet grade which has been tentatively adopted, a single +horse is capable of travelling with seven tons weight with as much ease +as five horses can draw two tons on our present roads in their best +condition. Hence it follows that one man and two horses can transport on +the Railway as much weight in the same time as 35 horses and seven men +on our present roads." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +That part of the road from Lexington to Villa Grove, six miles west of +Lex. was known as the "first division"; from Villa Grove to Frankfort +was designated "second division." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Mr. Kneass, the chief engineer, submitted "a grade table and a table +exhibiting the length of straight line, length of curve and radius of +curvature" to the Directors on October 14th, 1831. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +John Holburn and Company were employed to furnish stone rail sills at +37-1/2 cents per perch. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +On April 20th, 1831, The Reporter, which by the way, was known as "Mr. +Clay's organ," gives a most entertaining description of a Directors +meeting. It says: +</p> +<p> +"The Stockholders of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road Company met at the +Court House in Lexington on Saturday last. H. Clay was called to the +Chair and H. I. Bodley acted as Secretary. +</p> +<p> +The meeting was large, most of the Stockholders, representing upwards +of six hundred thousand dollars, were present. The Stockholders at +Louisville were represented by Messrs. J. S. Snead, B. Lawrence, S. S. +Nicholas, J. I. Jacob and George Keats. +</p> +<p> +Mr. E. I. Winter (President of the Company) addressed the meeting an +hour and a half. He described the route as surveyed by Mr. Kneass, the +Engineer, entered into explanations respecting the estimates and made +various calculations as to the probable cost of the work. He presented +a very satisfactory and clear view of the means of the Company—its +flattering prospects—the great resources of this section of the +country &c. +</p> +<p> +After much discussion it was +</p> +<p> +<i>Resolved</i>—That the Directors of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road +Company be requested to take measures to put a proportion of the road +under contract, not exceeding eight miles at Louisville and seven at +Lexington, provided the same can be done at a cost not exceeding by 10 +per cent the estimate made by Mr. Kneass, Engineer. +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page11" name="page11"></a>[11]</span></p> + +<p> +<i>Resolved</i>—That the Directors be authorized to call from the +Stockholders a sum not exceeding $150,000 pro rata. for the completion +of the 15 miles of Road named in the foregoing resolution, in such +proportion and at such times as the exigencies of the Company may +require, and that they are not authorized to extend their expenditures +beyond the said $150,000 until after the Stockholders shall have been +legally convened and a report laid before them of the progress made in +the work." +</p> +<p> +"The meeting then adjourned, but before the Company dispersed a +number of persons came forward and entered their names for stock. +The Stockholders dined together with the Louisville delegation at +Postlethwaite's Inn. We congratulate the friends of this noble +enterprise on the results of the meeting. We especially congratulate +the citizens of Lexington on the bright prospects ahead—the '<i>Winter</i> +of their discontent being made glorious summer'—by the proceedings +of this glorious day." +</p> +<p> +The Trustees of the town of Lexington later took $25,000 worth of stock. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +At last the great day arrived for the laying of the first rail stone, +and the Lexington Observer of October 28th, 1831, gives a brilliant +description of this most momentous occurrence. Gives it with a vividness +which brings the picture so clearly before the reader that in spite of +himself he joins the merry throng and takes his place in the spectacular +parade which marks a new epoch in the history of Lexington. The Observer +says: +</p> + +<h3><span class="sc">Laying First Rail Stone.</span></h3> + +<p> +"Agreeable to the arrangements published in our last paper the ceremony +of Laying the First Rail Stone of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road, was +performed in the presence of a large concourse of citizens and strangers +on Saturday last. +</p> +<p> +At 11 o'clock the three Military Companies which formed the escort +marched from their place of rendezvous to the College lawn, where they +were met by the various societies and individuals named in the order of +the Marshal. The procession was then formed in the following order— +</p> + +<!--Don't ask me why these are printed this way in the original--> + +<p class="center"> +Col. Leslie Combs, Marshall, with J. B. Coleman, Esq., (his aid) on horseback. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Maj. Gen. Pendleton and Staff, on horseback. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Field Officers and Staff, on horseback. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Officers of the Line—on foot. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Capt. Hunt's Artillery, in Platoons. +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page12" name="page12"></a>[12]</span></p> + +<ul style="list-style: none;"> +<li> Gov. Metcalfe, supported by</li> +<li><ul style="list-style: none;"> +<li>Prof. Caldwell, Orator of the Day, and</li> +<li>Rev. N. H. Hall—Officiating Clergyman.</li> +</ul> +</li> +</ul> + +<ul style="list-style: none;"> +<li>Judges Underwood and Buckner—Court of Appeals.</li> +<li>Judge Hickey, Fayette Circuit Court.</li> +<li>Hon. R. M. Johnson, R. P. Letcher, T. A. Marshall, Members of Congress.</li> +<li>Several Members of the Kentucky Legislature.</li> +<li>Capt. T. A. Russell—Ass't. Marshal.</li> +<li>President and Directors Lexington and Ohio R. R. Co.</li> +<li>Samuel H. Kneass, Chief Engineer—His Assistants and Treasurer of the Co.</li> +<li>Contractors and Pioneers with their implements of Labor.</li> +<li>State Board of Internal Improvement.</li> +<li>President, Engineers and Directors of Lexington and Maysville Turnpike Road.</li> +<li>Mayor and Aldermen of Louisville (who did not come).</li> +<li>Capt. Neet's Rifle Guards—in Platoons.</li> +<li>Military Band of Music.</li> +<li>Trustees of the Town of Lexington and Clerk.</li> +<li>Justices of Fayette County Court and Clerk.</li> +<li>Trustees and Professors of Transylvania University.</li> +<li>Reverend Clergy.</li> +<li>Surgeons and Physicians.</li> +<li>Members of the Bar and Officers of Fayette County Court.</li> +<li>Union Philosophical Society of Transylvania University.</li> +<li>Medical and Law Students.</li> +<li>Tutors and Students of Transylvania University.</li> +<li>Principal of Preparatory Department and Pupils.</li> +<li>Principal and Pupils of Wentworth Seminary.</li> +</ul> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page13" name="page13"></a>[13]</span></p> + +<ul style="list-style: none;"> +<li>Principal and Tutors of Shelby Female Academy and Pupils.</li> +<li>Principal and Professors of Eclectic Institute and Pupils.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="center"> +<span class="sc">Strangers.</span> +</p> + +<ul style="list-style: none;"> +<li>Stockholders of Lexington and Ohio R. R. Co.</li> +<li>Capt. Postlethwaite's Light Infantry Company—in Platoons.</li> +<li>Lieut.-Col. A. Stevens—Ass't. Marshal.</li> +</ul> + +<p class="center"> +<span class="sc">Citizens on Foot.</span> +</p> + +<hr /> +<p> +"For many years we have not witnessed so imposing a pageant and never +one more interesting. A Federal Salute was fired by Capt. Hunt's +Artillery at sunrise and seven guns when the first stone sill was laid, +indicating the seven sections of the road under contract. The procession +first moved in a circle around the lawn where it was formed at which +time the bells in the various churches in town commenced a merry peal +which continued until the procession reached the place where the +ceremony was performed. The Military Escort then formed a hollow square +within which the whole civic procession was enclosed. Thousands of +delighted and anxious spectators were on the outside, among whom we were +gratified to see a large concourse of ladies for whose accommodation the +Marshal had directed the adjacent Market House to be appropriated. +</p> +<p> +A blessing on the stupendous undertaking was then invoked by the +officiating clergyman, after which E. I. Winter, Esq., President of the +Company, handed a hammer to the Governor of the State, who drove the +nail attaching the first iron rail to the beginning stone sill. The +music struck up "Hail Columbia" and afterwards "Yankee Doodle," which +was played until the Artillery ceased firing. +</p> +<p> +Prof. Caldwell then delivered a highly interesting and appropriate +address. The procession then returned to the University lawn after which +the Military marched to the Arsenal and were dismissed, having received +the thanks of the Directors and President of the Rail Road and the +compliments of the Marshal for their excellent marching and exemplary +good order on the occasion. +</p> +<p> +The arrangements for this interesting ceremony were hurried perhaps by +the zeal of those immediately concerned and a desire to proceed without +further delay with the work. A little more time and a little more +preparation would have been better but the whole proceeding was +conducted very handsomely. The procession was very numerous. The streets +through which the long line marched were crowded with spectators and +every window and every balcony were filled with ladies. The Military + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page14" name="page14"></a>[14]</span> + + looked uncommonly well. The pupils of the various institutions wore +appropriate badges. The ceremonies at the place of laying the corner +stone were not tedious. The omission to prepare a rostrum for the +Orator was a grievous oversight—thousands were unable to hear the +speech, but those who were more fortunate pronounced it appropriate +and eloquent and considering the very short notice upon which it was +prepared, the effort was worthy of the distinguished orator, which +alone, is saying enough in praise. +</p> +<p> +The prayer of the Rev. Mr. Hall, by which the occasion was preceded, +awakened the best feelings of the human heart. The Governor and the +President of the Company quickly dispatched the duty assigned them and +the procession moved from the ground in good order, nothing having +occurred in the slightest degree unpleasant. All were happy that the +good work was now in progress and delighted at the bright prospects +now dawning upon the towns and country through which the road is to +pass. Owing to the short notice the expected guests from Maysville and +Louisville did not attend but the Company was honored with the presence +of the Governor and several distinguished members of Congress and two +of the Judges of the Court of Appeals. These with other notable guests +dined with the President, Directors and Stockholders at Postlewaite's +Inn and during the even the Governor visited the Theater where he was +received with many rounds of applause." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Down in our hearts we are truly thankful for the present century and all +its benefits and we would rather be plain Kentucky people living today +than any royalty in history. And yet when we read a great thrilling tale +like this we cannot overcome a strange sense of loss, a feeling of +regret that we too, could not have been there to see that wonderful +pageant pass by. The Military with its pomp and music; the professors +and their students; the officials and the rank and file; the lawyers, +and the doctors and the ministers; the contractors and "Pioneers and +their implements of Labor"; the old, the young, the great, the +small—all banded together in one great masterly pull for Lexington! +What a picture! What a privilege! What an inspiration! What would we not +give to have seen it with our own eyes, to have applauded it with our +own hands. +</p> +<p> +And yet, perhaps that is what we are doing now, applauding and giving +praise and credit to those splendid citizens whose generosity, +foresight, energy and progressive public spirit made Lexington a leading +city of its day! +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page15" name="page15"></a>[15]</span></p> + +<p> +But to return to our subject, the newspapers kept the people advised as +to the progress of the work and the Observer of February 3rd, 1832, +says: +</p> +<p> +"Those who feel an interest in this great work will be pleased to learn +that the grading of the first six miles put under contract last fall is +already in a state of much forwardness. The stones for the Rail Sills +are excavated from a quarry a short distance below the city. The ease +with which they are split out and fashioned into sills is truly +surprising. They are about twelve inches wide and many of them are +twenty or twenty-five feet in length." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +And again on May 24th, 1832— +</p> +<p> +"The grading of the first division of six miles is nearly completed. +Part of the Iron Rails for the first division have arrived at Louisville +from Liverpool by way of New Orleans, and the laying of the stone sills +will be forthwith commenced." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The work progressed steadily in spite of many obstacles—chief of which +seems to have been the indifference of Louisville and lack of ready +money, and so in the Observer for March 16th, 1832, there is an +interesting and eloquent appeal: +</p> +<p> +"To the Citizens of Lexington and Fayette County— +</p> +<p> +"Now is the time for every man, who is a man and will act like one, to +come forward and put his shoulder to the wheel. The Lexington and Ohio +Rail Road can be finished to Frankfort before the 1st of November, 1832, +if those who are able will do their duty and take stock, or increase +their present subscriptions. Not one should hang back and let his +neighbors do for him what he ought to do for himself. If he loves money, +this is the way to improve his fortune; if he loves his country, this is +the sure way to advance her power and glory. +</p> +<p> +The work can be done and will be done in the time I have named if you +are true to your best interests and will act promptly on this occasion. +No time is to be lost—Come all—Come quickly. Let us have no more +theorizing but in its stead, efficient action." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +And again in the same month the Directors authorized the President, Mr. +Elisha I. Winter, to let the grading of the twenty-three sections of the +"Second Division." +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page16" name="page16"></a>[16]</span></p> + +<p> +The Observer and Reporter, June 28th, 1832, says: +</p> +<p> +"Laying the stone sills is rather a tedious operation. Messrs. Holburn +and Benson, who are the contractors for this branch of the work deserve +great praise for executing their contract not only faithfully but in +a style of beauty and elegance of workmanship which has excited the +admiration of all who have examined it. They are now putting in the Iron +Rails and we hope it will not be long before the Directors will have it +in their power to gratify the universal anxiety which daily increases in +intensity to behold the novel spectacle of a Rail Road Carriage in rapid +motion." +</p> +<p> +This desire was soon gratified according to an article in the Lexington +Observer dated August 9th, 1832, and entitled "Our Rail Road." It says: +</p> +<p> +"A splendid car (the Lexington and Ohio) was placed on the Rail Road on +Thursday last. It made two trips, the distance the road is finished, +having inside and outside about sixty passengers each trip. The crowd to +witness the experiment was very great and we never saw spectators more +delighted. The opening of the Rail Road from Lexington to the Ohio River +will be the commencement of a new era in the history of Kentucky. Let +unbelievers in the utility of Rail Roads witness but one experiment and +their scepticism will soon vanish. +</p> +<p> +"On Tuesday the 14th the road we understand will be formally opened and +the car afterwards kept constantly running for the accommodation of +passengers. The Governor of the State and the Mayor and Council of the +City of Louisville have been invited to be present on this occasion." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The Observer and Reporter of August 16th, 1832, tells how "The Lexington +and Ohio Rail Road was formally opened on yesterday. Among the persons +present was Gov. Metcalf. At twelve o'clock precisely the Car left its +moorings at the upper end of the lower Market in fine style, having on +board about 40 passengers. The Road is completed entirely only about one +mile and a half from its termination in this city. Other portions are in +a state of great forwardness and will be ready for the Car in a few days +which will make the whole distance completed about 3 miles. The Car +travels at the rate of about 10 miles an hour." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +How eagerly they longed for its completion, using it for pleasure trips +when only a mile and a half was finished! And how quaintly they spoke of +it leaving "its moorings" as though they were still thinking in terms of +rivers and flat boats and steam boats, and could only describe it in +river terms! And how they dignified it with capitals, it was always the +Rail Road and the Car—as if the very immensity of the undertaking +demanded + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page17" name="page17"></a>[17]</span> + + capital letters. To them the "Rail Road started" or "returned," +or was "kept running," as in the article in the Observer of August 25th, +1832, which says: +</p> +<p> +"Two miles of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road are now completed, and +the splendid car, "Lexington and Ohio," is kept constantly running this +distance to gratify those who feel an interest in Rail Roads, and are +desirous of testing their utility. The Car is sufficiently large to +accommodate 60 passengers and this number is drawn by one horse, with +apparently as much ease and rapidity as the same animal would draw a +light gig. The delight experienced at the sight of a car loaded by sixty +passengers and drawn by one horse at the rate of ten miles an hour +through a country where heretofore five miles per hour with one +passenger to a horse has been thought good speed, is sufficient of +itself to repay the beholder for the trouble of a journey of fifty +miles. We understand a locomotive steam engine is now being constructed +to be placed upon the road as soon as the distance is opened on the +whole of the First Division." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Having always heard the Old Lexington and Ohio Road referred to as "the +first rail road built West of the Alleghany Mountains," I was greatly +surprised at this juncture to see how close the question of priority +between it and the old Pontchartrain Railway really was and being unable +to decide the question myself, I beg leave to lay the evidence before my +readers and let them decide the matter according to their own judgment. +</p> +<p> +Mr. J. H. Ellis, Secretary of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, at +a banquet in Louisville in 1914, when speaking of the oldest railroads +built West of the Alleghanies and South of the Ohio River, said: "It is +commonly believed that the oldest road is the Lexington and Ohio, so it +may surprise you to know that in point of antiquity it is beaten by that +little old Pontchartrain Railroad, Charles Marshall's darling, but by +a remarkable coincidence, by only a week. For while the Pontchartrain +Railroad Company received its charter on January 20th, 1830, that of the +Lexington and Ohio Railroad Company is dated January 27th, 1830. And in +point of construction the latter likewise followed the Pontchartrain." +</p> +<p> +An article published in the Lexington Observer of October 4th, 1832, +taken from the New Orleans Emporium of September 15th, 1832, says: +</p> +<p> +"The beautiful locomotive Pontchartrain recently received from England +came up to the city this morning from the lake in a manner highly +gratifying to the directors of the company, who were present and a large +concourse of our citizens. It commences running Monday next at 12 +o'clock. The Mayor and City Council are to be present and no doubt +hundreds of our citizens will fill the train which will accommodate +between + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page18" name="page18"></a>[18]</span> + + three and four hundred people. This locomotive is said to be the +most perfect and elegant in the Union and that there are only two in +England equal to it. The display will be at once beautiful and imposing +and will no doubt attract thousands." +</p> +<p> +At this time <i>our</i> first locomotive was "in course of construction," as +the Observer and Reporter of December 6th, 1832, says in an editorial: +"We yesterday had the pleasure of examining—at the machine shop of Mr. +Bruen—a new Locomotive Engine constructed for the Lexington and Ohio +Rail Road Company. We understand the Engine will be in readiness for an +experiment on the Rail Road sometime next week." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +It is evident therefore that the Charter for the Pontchartrain Railroad +was one week older than the Charter of the Lexington and Ohio Railroad. +It is also evident that the Lexington and Ohio Railroad was "formally +opened August 15th, 1832," while the formal opening of the Pontchartrain +Road did not occur until September 15th, 1832, one month later than +ours. +</p> +<p> +It is true the Pontchartrain opened with a real locomotive while the +Lexington and Ohio road first used horse power. But it must also be +remembered that the locomotive of the Pontchartrain Railroad was built +in Stourbridge, England, while the first locomotive for the Lexington +and Ohio road was invented and built in Lexington by two Lexington men, +Thomas Barlow and Joseph Bruen; that it was in course of construction at +the time of the opening, and that it made its trial run March 2nd, 1833, +"from Lexington towards Frankfort."— +</p> +<p> +So far as I have been able to learn our locomotive was the first one +built in the United States unless we except that of Peter Cooper, which +is said never to have given satisfaction. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +By the first of January, 1833, the first railroad advertisement appeared +headed: +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page19" name="page19"></a>[19]</span></p> + +<h1>"TRAVELING"</h1> +<h3>On The</h3> +<h2>Lexington and Ohio Rail Road</h2> + +<p class="center"> +The First Six Miles of the Road Being Completed a <br /> +Passenger Car will Daily Leave the Lower Market <br /> +House for the end of the First Division <br /> +at 9½ O'clock A. M. and 2½ <br /> +O'clock P.M. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Returning will leave the end of the Division for <br /> +Lexington at 10 O'clock A. M. and 3½ <br /> +O'clock P.M. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Companies of 12 or more can be accommodated with <br /> +a Private Car by giving one hour's notice. +</p> +<p class="center"> +Office L. & O. Rail Road Company +</p> +<p class="center"> +January 1st, 1833 +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page20" name="page20"></a>[20]</span></p> + +<p> +And so the Rail Road became a popular diversion, and the work was +rapidly progressing all along the road toward Frankfort. Judging from an +advertisement in the Observer and Reporter of February 21st, 1833, some +change in construction must have been contemplated for it states "Sealed +Proposals will be received at the Company's Office until the 15th of +April next for laying 13 miles of the Second Division of the Lexington +and Ohio Rail Road with Stone Sills, and 9 miles with Sleepers and +Strong-pieces of wood. +</p> +<p class="right"> + (Signed by) <span class="sc">H. J. Ranney</span>, Chief Engineer." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Professor Muncey says: "In the 'Second Division' of the Road wood +sills—red cedar in most cases—were used in some places." +</p> +<p> +It is interesting to note here that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad +advised our promoters in the first place to use the wooden sills. +</p> +<p> +Quoting from the Observer and Reporter of March 2nd, 1833, "The first +six miles of the Rail Road is now in successful operation. The Car for +some time past has run regularly three times a day and is usually filled +with passengers. It expedites the progress of mail about one hour each +trip." +</p> +<p> +Time was become a matter to be reckoned with you see. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +And in the same paper appeared the following modest announcement for +which I had searched for days: +</p> +<p> +"We are happy to learn that the steam locomotive constructed by our +ingenious townsmen, Mr. Bruen, is hereafter to make regular trips on +this road." +</p> +<p> +The car driver was allowed a salary of $22.50 a month. He and his +assistant were to handle the car and the horses, take up fares, handle +baggage and carry the United States mail. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +There is a quaint epitaph in an old Scotch graveyard which says "Good +times and bad times and all times, get over"; and so it was with our +great little railroad. Its Charter had boldly set the Ohio River as +its destination. On October 21st, 1831, it timidly started "towards +Frankfort," and on January 31st, 1834, it reached that fair city with a +sigh of relief after many hardships had been endured and many obstacles +overcome. The cholera scourge of 1833 had halted its progress, +difficulties had arisen through bad calculations of its engineers, and +money was often sorely needed. Louisville seemed indifferent to its +construction, being comfortably "seated" on the much coveted "water +course." So the railroad stopped to rest at Frankfort and stopped so +long it became known as the + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page21" name="page21"></a>[21]</span> + + "Lexington and Frankfort Rail Road." +Its arrival in Frankfort was celebrated by a grand ball at Brennan's +(or Postlethwaite's) which is glitteringly described in the Gazette on +January 31st, 1834, as follows: +</p> +<p> +"The fete given last night at Brennan's Hotel to the members of the +Legislature and to celebrate the opening of the Rail Road from here to +Frankfort was truly a most brilliant affair. The company bestowed just +praises on the taste and munificence of Mr. Brennan, for the splendor +and profusion of the supper and refreshments, which appeared as if +"earth and sky and sea" had been plundered of their sweets. The company +must have numbered from four to five hundred persons who were +distributed in the various rooms of the basement story where dancing +parties were kept up till two o'clock. Like the Brussells Ball, we too +had gathered from the Capital— +</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> 'Her beauty and her chivalry, and bright </p> +<p class="i2"> The lamps shone over fair women and brave men, </p> +<p class="i2"> A thousand hearts beat happily; and when </p> +<p class="i2"> Music arose with its voluptuous swell </p> +<p class="i2"> Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again </p> +<p class="i2"> And all went merry as a marriage bell.' </p> +</div> +</div> + +<p> +A majority of the members of both branches of the Legislature were +present on the occasion it is said, together with the Mayor and Council +of Lexington. For ourselves we did not play a part in the mazy dance but +was content to look on others— +</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> +<p class="i2"> 'Steer with care through all that glittering sea </p> +<p class="i2"> Of gems and plumes and pearls and silks to where </p> +<p class="i2"> He deems it is his proper place to be </p> +<p class="i2"> Dissolving in the waltz to some soft air </p> +<p class="i2"> Or proudlier prancing with Mercurial skill </p> +<p class="i2"> Where science marshalls forth her own quadrille.'" </p> +</div> +</div> + +<p> +The same paper contains an account of an "elegant new locomotive," which +says: +</p> + +<h3><span class="sc">Rail Road.</span></h3> + +<p> +"An elegant new locomotive of improved model has been running on the +Lexington and Ohio Rail Road for several days to Frankfort. The success +which has attended the experiment thus far equals the most sanguine +hopes of the projectors. Since the application of steam all doubts have +been vanished, and we confess a very great change has been wrought in +our own minds as to the utility and value of the undertaking. + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page22" name="page22"></a>[22]</span> + + Its +advantages to the town are manifest now and if it should be completed +to Louisville it will be an immense advantage to the whole commonwealth +and reflect the highest credit on those who have planned and executed +it. Its superiority over every other kind of locomotion will carry +conviction to the minds of any who may doubt and convince the country +of the absolute necessity of completing it, to which purpose the +Legislature will no doubt contribute largely. +</p> +<p> +The trip from here to Frankfort will occupy about two hours when the +arrangements are complete." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +This "new locomotive" may have been the "Nottaway" or "The Logan" or the +"Daniel Boone." The latter, which was inclined to run behind time, was +the butt of many jokes. One traveller is said to have asked "What is +the matter, will we never arrive?" and another replied "Let us ask the +engineer to feed 'Boone' another stick of cord wood, or we will never +get there." Capt. Alfred Pirtle, Secretary of the Filson Club, says "The +Baldwin Locomotive Works have a record that they built an engine named +'Daniel Boone' for the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road in 1842." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The Observer and Reporter January 24th, 1835, says: +</p> +<p> +"Several hundred of our citizens had the pleasure yesterday of +witnessing a successful experiment on the Rail Road with the new +Locomotive. Its performance justifies all our hopes. Two burthen cars +and the large passenger car filled with passengers were attached to the +engine. It moved off with great ease clearly indicating its ability to +perform all its requirements. Every one who witnessed the experiment +seemed to feel a high degree of patriotic enthusiasm that he lived in +a city which had originated and thus far successfully prosecuted this +magnificent and invaluable scheme. "We learn that the Locomotive made +the trip to the Villa, a distance of six miles, in a little over 20 +minutes although badly provided with fuel." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The "success of the experiment" had an unfortunate set back, however, +for in the Observer and Reporter, January 24, 1835, is an account of +the <i>Accident</i> which caused profound distress. +</p> +<p> +"We have carefully prepared from authentic information the following +account of the melancholy occurrences of yesterday. To allay public +excitement and prevent misrepresentation or misapprehension of facts +we consider it our duty to give as brief and accurate account as + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page23" name="page23"></a>[23]</span> + + possible of those unfortunate accidents today which caused the death +of two individuals and severe injuries to four others. +</p> +<p> +"The splendid Locomotive Engine recently imported was placed on the +road two or three days since and has made one or more pleasure trips +each day to the Villa (6 miles) and back with perfect safety and entire +success. This morning it performed the trip with one large Passenger +Coach containing some fifty or sixty passengers, and one burden Car +also loaded, attached to it, in 19 minutes going and about 22 minutes +returning without accident. This afternoon, as the Engineer was +proceeding from the car house a quarter of a mile below the depot in +the city a number of boys were continually trying to jump upon the +tender although repeatedly forbidden to do so, till finally while the +Locomotive was going at the rate of only about five or six miles per +hour, a negro boy, 11 or 12 years of age, the property of Mrs. Ross, on +attempting to jump on the fore part of the tender fell under it and was +crushed to death. No possible blame can attach to the Engineer as he +stopped the moment he saw the boy fall, but was too late. +</p> +<p> +He then came up slowly to the depot, both sides of the road being lined +by hundreds of anxious spectators, and attached the Locomotive to two +burden Cars and the large Passenger Coach, before mentioned, altogether +containing, we suppose, over 150 persons, in the following order: +</p> +<p> +1st—The Engine and tender. 2nd—A common Burden Car with temporary +benches to sit on but no side on front or rear railing to protect the +passengers from falling or being pushed off; fastened with common trace +chains by means of the centre beams to which the shafts are used fixed +to the Locomotive. 3rd—Another common Burthen Car attached to the +second as it was to the first giving 10 to 12 inches loose play forward +and back but with only a single bench running through the centre from +front to rear. No railing or other protection to the passengers, who +were obliged to stand up, except a few standards along the sides for the +purpose of hauling wood. 4th—The large Passenger Coach attached to the +third as it was to the second. Before starting, more than one gentleman +who noticed the manner of attaching the cars, and the consequent jars +which they would inevitably receive, made remarks as to the dangerous +situation of the individuals crowded on the burden cars, but we made the +trip down safely in 24 minutes. +</p> +<p> +After remaining to Wood and Water we started back with position +reversed, the large Passenger Coach in front, then the two burthen cars +following each other, and lastly the Locomotive, each pushing forward +the one in front of it, by pressing the end of the centre beams, some +six inches square against each other, loosely attached as before +described, by common trace chains. We had proceeded in this manner about +a mile at + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page24" name="page24"></a>[24]</span> + + a moderate pace when in passing a curve, the beam of the front +burthen Car was seen to pass to the right of the rear beam of the +Passenger Car, which jerked the wheels off the track and caused a +considerable shock and great alarm. Some of the passengers on the two +burthen Cars attempted to jump off, the ground being nearly on a level +with the road at that place; others, especially those standing in the +forward burthen Car were thrown backwards and knocked off, those near +the edge of it under the wheels of the other; some attempted to leap on +the bank, fell and rolled down, and thus all the mischief was done. +Lewis Lankard and Leonard Taylor, of Lexington, Ky.; William A. Cocke +and Joseph Holt, of Louisville; F. W. Trapnall, of Springfield, and +Daniel Green, of Fayette County, were in this way thrown off the forward +burthen Car and under the wheels of the other. Lankard was instantly +killed; Taylor and Green had each a leg broken; Messrs. Trapnall and +Holt had severe bruises and were probably saved by Lankard's falling +before them and in some measure stopping the car. Mr. Cocke had his +right foot firmly fastened in the forward wheel of the hindmost car and +was much injured and but for the presence of mind and promptness of the +Engineer in stopping at the moment must have lost his leg and most +probably his life; another quarter turn of the wheel would have been +fatal. He could only be released by taking that part of the Car to +pieces. Several other gentlemen were bruised and slightly injured. None +of the Cars turned over and if the burthen Cars had been substantially +railed round or if only passenger cars had been used or all had been +drawn and not pushed, nothing serious would have been the consequence. +Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the Engineer. Although under +considerable headway he stopped almost instantly and much sooner than +a stage with horses could have been halted. May we now be permitted to +make a single suggestion or two to the Manager of the Rail Road? +</p> +<p> +1st—The number of passengers to go in each Car should be limited. +Huddling numbers on the top is extremely hazardous. +</p> +<p> +2nd—Unless a wire sieve is fastened over the top of the chimney of the +engine we shall soon have some dwelling house, barn or other building +near the road burnt down or the Cars themselves set on fire. +</p> +<p> +In conclusion we hope that the feeling of our citizens will not be again +excited by the occurrence of such a painful and heart-rending accident +as the one over which a number have been called to mourn, as we are +confident that by proper management and strict attention it may be +easily avoided." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Now let us consider this first locomotive engine ever used on the +Lexington and Ohio Railroad. This locomotive was invented by Thomas +Harris Barlow (who afterward became world-famous as the inventor of + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page25" name="page25"></a>[25]</span> + + the Planetarium) and was constructed by Joseph Bruen at his machine +shops which stood near the corner of Water and Spring Streets. +</p> +<p> +That wonderful little locomotive is described by one who saw it with his +own eyes, who rode behind it often, and who knew the men who invented +and constructed it quite intimately. The old gentleman I refer to was +Samuel D. McCullough, who was born in 1803 and who wrote his diary, +which is now in the Lexington Public Library, in 1871. +</p> +<p> +"Mr. Thomas Harris Barlow was born in Nicholas County, Kentucky, (says +his son, Milton, in a letter to me) August 5th, 1789, and resided in the +State of his birth till the last year or two of his life and died in +Cincinnati June, 1865." +</p> +<p> +I shall condense Mr. Milton Barlow's short biography of his father, +which states that he had but a common school education. He was an +industrious and even a hard working student of mechanism for which he +had a wonderful natural gift, and which induced Col. R. M. Johnson to +appoint him principal Military Artificer in his Regiment. He was under +fire in the Battle of the Thames (1812) where he distinguished himself +for coolness and bravery. After his intermarriage with Miss Lizzie West +he turned his attention to erecting flour, saw and other mills and +building and overseeing their steam motive power. In 1825 he removed to +Lexington and opened a machine shop. +</p> +<p> +"I remember myself all which followed and give my own recollections. +</p> +<p> +Believing that Locomotives could be propelled at a greater velocity Mr. +Barlow and Mr. Joseph Bruen, another mechanical genius, built an engine +to run on the new Rail Road, just started from this place towards +Frankfort, the finished portion of the road extending then but five +miles from this City, and on which Sunday pleasure Cars were running +drawn by two horses. +</p> +<p> +The Steam Engine was an odd concern; not more than three or four feet +high wheels, boiler and all; the pistons working perpendicularly; two +cylinders <i>and a tongue in front to guide the steam wagon with the +necessary pilot wheel with its tiller ropes</i>. I never knew what became +of the engine but I have placed all that is left of the model in the +Museum of the Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum along with the remnant of +Edward West's model steam engine for boats. Mr. Barlow and Mr. Bruen +also built another small steam engine which ran on a miniature oval Rail +Road, in the large room, third story of the factory, corner of Water and +Rose Streets, drawing after it a miniature car large enough to hold one +grown person or two children. I paid my 25 cents for a ride on it. The +novelty of the occasion brought multitudes of citizens, male and female, +to see it and as Mr. Barlow quaintly and truthfully observes, 'each of +the + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page26" name="page26"></a>[26]</span> + + visitors had to pay a small sum for the pleasure of riding on land +by steam.' I give the following remark of Mr. Barlow, Jr., just as he +used it without stopping to inquire whether it be genuine or +apocryphal. He says, 'This was the first steam locomotive engine ever +made in America.' +</p> +<p> +Mr. Barlow sold the miniature engine, Car and wooden rails to Mr. Samuel +Robb, of this county, who exhibited the workings of them in 1827 in the +cities of Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, Vicksburg, New Orleans, in +which city it was consumed by fire during the year 1828. Mr. Barlow +built another miniature engine for Mr. Rockhill who used it for +exhibition. I wish it distinctly remembered so as not to confuse dates, +that the first mattock struck and the first stone laid on the Lexington +and Louisville Rail Road were done in Lexington June 3rd, 1831, the +citizens, the Free Masons and the Military assisting in the ceremonies +which took place at the corner of Water and Upper Streets, not ten feet +from the present storage house of Hayman and Wooley. Prof. Charles +Caldwell, of Transylvania Medical School, made the address on the +occasion. +</p> +<p> +I remember again, that the model engine of Mr. Barlow and Mr. Bruen was +run on the miniature Rail Road <i>three or four years before</i> the first +rail was laid on the track which was a flat iron rail on a stone sill. +The great danger occurring continually from the ends of the flat rails +turning upwards causing what was then called 'snake heads,' and the +disintegration of the stone sills induced the directors to change both +sills and rails to their present form. +</p> +<p> +I recollect the old horse car running from here to Frankfort and back to +Lexington. +</p> +<p> +It was in 1835, in company with my deceased friend, John J. Crittenden, +who with myself was watching a splendid comet in the North West during +our ride, the horse cars were four hours in running the distance of +twenty-four miles, or six miles an hour. Upon arriving upon the hill +near Frankfort the passenger trains were sent down an inclined plane +drawn by horses. Several accidents occurred which afterwards induced the +Directors to change the route to a more circuitous and safer place, the +road now in constant use. At Frankfort the passengers for Louisville +took seats in five and six four-horse coaches, eighteen to twenty-four +passengers each. The necessities of travel and commerce finally +culminated in finishing the Rail Road to Louisville. Lexington and +Frankfort with the counties of Fayette, Woodford and Franklin did their +parts nobly, and Louisville with that symptom of haggling so usual with +her, finally was induced to help finish the road to that city. +</p> +<p> +Whilst upon the subject of inventors, inventions and Rail Roads, I may +tell you that the two-horse-car ran from this City to Frankfort over the + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page27" name="page27"></a>[27]</span> + + 'flat iron' rail until 18— when a little steam locomotive called the +Nottaway made one trip to Frankfort and back the same day. It drew one +passenger coach built by Mr. Ashton, the venerable coach builder of this +city. The inside would accommodate about as many as a modern omnibus +and seats on the top with an iron railing all around would seat as many +more. I have an indistinct recollection where the baggage and mail +matter were stored but I think they were given in charge of the +engineer, who also in that capacity was baggage master and mail agent. +</p> +<p> +I recollect distinctly the little locomotives, Nottaway and Logan. +More than two-score times have I and other able bodied men gotten out of +the passenger car when the locomotive was not able to pull the load over +some slight elevation in the road and pushed passenger car and engine up +the inclined plane of less than one degree inclination. When we arrived +at the summit of the inclination, which was about nine miles from +Lexington in what was called the 'deep cut,' the engineer in the +meantime having raised steam enough to carry passengers to the next +slight ascension in the road, cried 'all aboard' and away we went. +'All out' was the engineer's next cry when he came to some slight +ascension in the road. Out we came and our shoulders were again applied +to help the little locomotive out of its terrible difficulty. Arriving +at the top of the hill at Frankfort from a four to six hours ride of +twenty-four miles we met with two serious questions either to go down +the inclined plane at nearly 40 degrees inclination free of charge or +take the hacks and carriages in waiting by paying 25 cents extra. My +old friend, Rev. Dr. R. J. Breckinridge and myself not wishing to risk +our lives on the incline plane took seats in a hack. I recollect Dr. +Breckinridge's remark, when he paid his extra quarter for hack hire: +'I agree to pay $1.00 to be carried safely to Frankfort. I pay this +additional 25 cents under protest as a swindle.' The driver 'took our +monies and went his ways' and proceeded to collect 25 cents from each +passenger going into Frankfort until some 'change' was made by the +Directors of the Rail Road." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +Mr. Andy Shepherd in an interview said he remembered the old locomotives +Daniel Boone, Logan and Joe Davis. +</p> +<p> +He said the passenger coach was painted yellow. He described the first +locomotive as having a tall smoke stack, a single wheel, and a crank +axle, with no cab, the engineer standing unprotected through wind and +weather. He said it required a cord of two-foot wood to make the trip +from Lexington to Frankfort and return, that the engineer stopped at +Villa Grove and at Duckers "to wood and water." He said at first there +was one passenger and one freight train a day, that freight came from +Cincinnati to Frankfort by river, and from Frankfort to Lexington by + +<span class="pagenum"><a id="page28" name="page28"></a>[28]</span> + + rail. When asked where the headlight for the locomotive was, he replied: +"They did not need a headlight because they only travelled by daylight." +(And yet one of the English commentaries which had made deepest +impression on the railroad promoters was that "Locomotives can travel +safely in the dark.") +</p> +<p> +Mr. Shepherd said the old engines were finally sold for scrap iron, +loaded on a flat car, and taken away. But the Logan was sold to a coal +mine. +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +The Gazette, November 28th, 1835, says: +</p> +<p> +"There seems to be a perfect mania pervading the country on the subject +of railroads. Hardly a paper comes to hand but contains accounts of +meetings held for the purpose of projecting one through some part or +another." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +And on January 9th, 1836: +</p> +<p> +"The Mayor has called a meeting of the citizens of Lex. and Fayette Co. +on Monday next at 12 o'clock to take into consideration measures +relative to the contemplated Railroad from Charleston, S. C., to the +Ohio River. The meeting will take place in a Court House." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +On January 23rd, 1836: +</p> +<p> +We learn that "the Directors of the R. R. Co. have declined bringing +more fire wood to this city but have offered to the agents for procuring +fuel the use of their road and wood cars free of expense for the +transport of that article. The great quantity of freight at the depots +rendering this course necessary on the part of the Company." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +On December 12th, 1835, was an interesting article headed: +</p> + +<h3><span class="sc">Rail Road Stock.</span></h3> + +<p> +"Four shares of Lex. and Ohio R. R. Stock were sold at public auction on +Monday last at $101.00 per share, next dividend off being one per cent +advance. This is some evidence of the estimation in which this stock +is held. The next dividend to be struck 1st January and to which the +purchaser will not be entitled would probably have added about $5.00 per +share. We repeat that the citizens of Louisville do not duly appreciate +the importance to their city of the completion of the road from thence +to Frankfort with as little delay as possible." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +And in the same paper is an account of the sad fate of the attractive +little Villa: +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="page29" name="page29"></a>[29]</span></p> + +<h3><span class="sc">Fire.</span></h3> + +<p> +"The neat little 'Villa,' so tastefully erected by Smith and Rainey and +kept for some time past by Mr. Clatterbuck, on the R. R., six miles from +Lex., was destroyed by fire on the night of Monday last together with +most of the furniture, liquors and a considerable sum of money. This +misfortune will be seriously felt not only by Mr. C——, but by the +travellers on the R. R., who were always sure of a kind reception and +the solace of a cup of hot sparkling coffee at daylight after making the +first stop from Lex. The benevolent we are sure will not be appealed to +in vain to contribute something towards enabling Mr. Clatterbuck again +to commence business. His loss in cash was about $700." +</p> +<hr /> +<p> +And now I have told you all that I have been able to find concerning +this old Lexington and Ohio Railroad. I have traced its conception and +birth, its construction and success. I have not the heart to tell you +of its slow and lingering death, how it became antiquated, ridiculed, +supplanted and re-constructed, how it was mortgaged and sold, and +finally became merged into the great Louisville and Nashville system +and how its very history became clouded in tradition. +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Pioneer Railway of the West, by +Maude Ward Lafferty + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PIONEER RAILWAY OF THE WEST *** + +***** This file should be named 27256-h.htm or 27256-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/2/5/27256/ + +Produced by David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Kentuckiana Digital Library) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/27256-h/images/frontis.png b/27256-h/images/frontis.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6680b97 --- /dev/null +++ b/27256-h/images/frontis.png diff --git a/27256.txt b/27256.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..278844f --- /dev/null +++ b/27256.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1700 @@ +Project Gutenberg's A Pioneer Railway of the West, by Maude Ward Lafferty + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Pioneer Railway of the West + +Author: Maude Ward Lafferty + +Release Date: November 14, 2008 [EBook #27256] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PIONEER RAILWAY OF THE WEST *** + + + + +Produced by David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Kentuckiana Digital Library) + + + + + + + + + + + +A Pioneer Railway of the West + +By Maude Ward Lafferty + +[Illustration] + + + + + This restoration of a portion of the original track of the + Lexington and Ohio (now Louisville and Nashville) Railroad + laid at Lexington in 1831, is dedicated to those men of + forethought and courage who were pioneers in railroad + development in America. + + Erected Anno Domini + MCMXVI. + + Dedication Exercises + 10 A. M. + May 30, 1916 + + College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering + University of Kentucky + + + + +During the month of July, 1915, there appeared in a local newspaper an +account of the finding of "Old Rail Stones" and "Old Strap Iron Rails" +which had been used in the construction of the railroad generally known +as "the old Lexington and Frankfort Road," though it was incorporated +under the name of the "Lexington and Ohio Rail Road." It is believed by +many to have been the first railroad west of the Alleghany Mountains. +Be that as it may, the quaint and interesting relics had just been dug +up that week by the workmen who were reconstructing the freight yards +of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. The workmen were moving more +recently laid tracks back to _the old original road bed of the pioneer +railroad_, and in doing so they unearthed those curious relics of 1831. + +Although just starting that very day for a summer vacation, I hurried +down town a little before train time, and went to the Main Street +offices of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad where the interesting +relics were on display. + +As I stood gazing at that worn and rusty bar of iron with its single +bent and rusty spike, I was whisked back across the years by some +strange trick of memory and I saw, instead, a dimly lighted sick room, +on a hot summer night--myself a little sufferer, and sitting beside me, +fanning my fevered brow, my beloved father, who, notwithstanding the +fatigue of a heavy and exacting practice sat thus night after night, +soothing me to sleep by telling me entertaining stories of his youth, +and as he was born one hundred and one years ago, the strange +experiences of his boyhood were thrilling indeed to his youthful adorer. + +And so, I saw in my mind's eye that familiar room of my childhood--the +open window, the breezes blowing the curtains to and fro, the moonlight +casting strange shadows on the terrace outside, and I heard again that +voice which has meant so much to me telling how "when the first railroad +started" and all the people had gathered from far and near "to witness +its departure," he and a group of fellow students from Transylvania +University, mounted on fast horses, galloped ahead "to see if the +Wonderful Thing could round the curve without running off the track"; +and how "it came in sight, thundering along, puffing out clouds of black +smoke, the engineer adding to the confusion by incessantly blowing his +shrill whistle," all of which so terrified his horse, he had great +difficulty in keeping his seat, but yet, how tremendously impressed he +was by the "gallant way in which the gentlemen seated in the coach +raised their stovepipe hats in greeting as they passed by like a streak +of lightning." + +He said the locomotive had been invented by his old friend Tom Barlow, +in whose honor he had named our Tom Barlow, his favorite race horse. + +He also said the old locomotive looked like a "thresher engine mounted +on a flat car," and that the coach was for all the world like an +"omnibus with seats on top as well as inside," and furthermore, he +added, when it had been proved safe he rode upon it himself, and then +"rode home on horseback" (a distance of thirty miles) to tell his mother +all about it. + +And this was all that was left of that Wonderful Thing, this bit of +scrap iron and a few stone sills! + +Finding myself gazing vacantly at that relic of the Past, and that +people were noting my abstraction, I hastily gathered myself together +and crossing the street to our beautiful Union Station, I started +on my journey. In a magnificent chair car, luxuriously furnished and +upholstered, a liveried porter raised the windows and adjusted screens, +turned on an electric fan, offered me the latest magazines and papers +fresh from the press, placed a footstool at my feet and a cushion at +my back. My safety was provided for by double tracking and unseen but +perfectly trained employees, but neither the reading matter in my lap, +the comfort of my surroundings, nor the always charming scenery from the +car window, could drive from my thoughts the quaint old railroad; and +when I came back to Lexington in the fall, in my eager desire to know +more about it, I immediately began my research which has grown into this +history of + + "A Pioneer Railway of the West." + + MAUDE WARD LAFFERTY. + + + + + +The first locomotive engine in the world was built just one hundred +years ago by George Stephenson and used at Newcastle, England, at the +Killingworth Colliery. + +According to the Encyclopedia Britannica _railways_ had their origin in +_tramways_ which were used more than two hundred years ago in the mining +districts of England to carry their output of coal to the sea. + +The Stockton and Darlington Railway, about thirty-eight miles in length, +was operating a locomotive driven by Stephenson, with a signalman on +horseback, in advance, in 1825. The passenger coach in this instance was +named the "Experiment," and carried six persons inside and from fifteen +to twenty persons outside. But it was the year 1829, which became famous +in the annals of railways, not only for the opening of the Liverpool and +Manchester line, but for the invention and construction of the first +high speed locomotive of the standard modern type. Robert Stephenson's +engine, "The Rocket," was made under competition for the Liverpool and +Manchester Railway and it gained the prize of five hundred pounds for +lightness, power and speed, awarded by the directors. + + +FIRST RAILROADS AND LOCOMOTIVES IN THE UNITED STATES. + +The newspapers of that period were filled with the wonderful +"performance" of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the people of +the United States, as well as those of Great Britain, became interested +in the question of railroad transportation. As early as 1828 charters +were obtained in several Eastern States and railroad companies +organized. + +The first locomotive engine used in this country was operated on the +Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's railroad between the mines at +Carbondale and the town of Honesdale, Pennsylvania. This locomotive was +built at Stourbridge, England, and made its trial trip in August, 1829. + + +KENTUCKY'S FIRST RAILROAD. + +Kentucky, which was one of the leading States in the Union in those days +in all progressive movements, was wide awake to the great advantages to +be gained by railroad transportation. And Lexington, which seems to have +been the "self-starter" of Kentucky, was aroused to the highest pitch of +excitement. The various "performances" of the English railroads were +published at length in the Kentucky Gazette, and the Observer and +Reporter. Lexington was the very heart of the great Blue Grass region of +Kentucky. The amazing richness of the soil had lured the first settlers +from the safety of their transmontane homes to the hardships of Indian +fighting and primitive living. Here they had built an ideal city adorned +with beautiful Colonial homes; established the first great seat of +learning west of the Alleghanies; built the first insane asylum; started +the first newspaper; established the first public library, and +surrounded by culture, wealth and refinement, with every want seemingly +supplied and every wish apparently gratified, their business men +declared there was yet one thing lacking--they needed an outlet to some +great water course. The town branch was beautiful to look upon and a +never-failing delight to those first inhabitants but useless for +navigation. Their bountiful crops demanded transportation to the markets +of the world. And now, like a miracle to solve their difficulties came +this railroad proposition. They read the local papers with interest, +discussed the question at public meetings, sent a man to England to +obtain all available information concerning it, and with a push and +energy which would startle the town today, they set to work to obtain a +charter from the Kentucky Legislature, then in its session of 1829-30, +asking for a railroad from Lexington, Kentucky, _to some point_ on the +Ohio River. + + * * * * * + +The Reporter for February 3rd, 1830, _just one week_ after the Charter +was obtained, had the following article: "As considerable interest has +been excited in this community on the subject of Railroads by the Act of +the Legislature authorizing the formation of a Company to make one from +this town to the Ohio River, we have copied into this paper several +articles going to show their immense utility and importance. + +However great the advantages of Railroads may be to any country we are +convinced that there is none where this beneficial influence could be +more intensely experienced than in this section of Kentucky." + + * * * * * + +Then follows a notice calling attention to Section I of the Charter and +asking that subscription books be opened. On Monday, February 8th, 1830, +_just eleven days_ after the Charter was obtained, the books were opened +at Brennan's Tavern from ten a.m. until two p.m. on five successive +days. And in this incredibly short space of time the money was raised +by those public spirited, enterprising men. What a magnificent +achievement! + +Digressing a moment here, it must be remembered that Brennan's Tavern, +which plays so conspicuous a part in this history of the railroad, was +none other than the famous old Postlethwaite's Tavern, known to us as +the Phoenix Hotel, which has been making history for Lexington since +1800. At this particular time it was leased and conducted by Mr. +Brennan, and so took his name for the time being. + + * * * * * + +In the next issue of the Reporter, February 10th, 1830, we find: +"Agreeable to the notice published in our last, the subscription books +for stock in this company were opened on Monday last, and before two +o'clock p.m., the amount of stock subscribed was for $204,000. We have +procured the following list of the names of the subscribers with the +sums subscribed by each respectively, which we publish by way of showing +to those who are yet in doubt as to the practicability and policy of +this work, how the subject is viewed by men of practical experience." + +Then follows a list of twenty-two subscribers. + +"These liberal subscriptions by persons who have carefully investigated +the subject afford conclusive proof that they consider the project not +only a feasible one but one that offers to the Capitalist an opportunity +for a profitable investment of funds. They have doubtless taken into +consideration the peculiar advantages of the country in which the road +will be located. * * * It is impossible to imagine the full extent of +the varied mutual influences which the prosperity of this section of the +country and the Rail Road will exert, all tending to the convenience, +wealth and happiness of the community. * * * + +P. S.--At the closing of the books at two p.m. on Tuesday, the following +additional subscriptions had been taken." + +(Follows a list of forty-two subscribers.) + +"Which makes a total amount of $310,800; $300,000 being all that is +necessary to vest corporate rights. + +"At a meeting assembled for the purpose, Mr. Elisha I. Winter was +elected President and John Brand, Benjamin Gratz, George Boswell, Walter +Dunn, Richard Higgins, Henry Clay, Joseph Bruen, Henry C. Payne, Elisha +Warfield, Benjamin Dudley and Charlton Hunt, Directors of the Lexington +and Ohio Rail Road Co." + + +CONSTRUCTION. + +The succeeding newspapers published a great deal on construction, and +when it is remembered that all of it was experimental at that time, +it will be interesting to note that the Lexington and Ohio Railroad +Company, patterned most closely after the English models, undertaking, +however, to improve upon them by the use of our native limestone sills +which they believed to be indestructible and found, to their sorrow, to +be most perishable. + +The Reporter of November 24th, 1830, says: "A great deal of information +on the subject of Rail Roads has been disseminated by public spirited +individuals in the course of the past two or three years. A number of +such works have been projected in the United States and some of them +completed within that period. The Baltimore and Ohio is first and most +important in every point of view. To the efforts of the enterprising +Directors and Stockholders of that Company, we shall be indebted for +the creation in a short period of time of a greater extent of Railway +communication between the several parts of the Union than Centuries have +produced of artificial or canal navigation. We firmly believe that the +digging of canals in all parts of the country will cease and that many +now in use will be abandoned and railroads substituted in place of them. +* * * * * As to the mode of construction--the route is selected upon +a minute survey, with as little elevation as possible, with a view to +economy--the line is then graded by excavating the earth to near a +level, say 50 feet slope to the mile. The excavation for a single line +of rails need not be more than one-third the width of a turnpike and, of +course, this part of the work is proportionately cheaper than grading +for a turnpike. Large pieces of limestone, two feet or more in length +and from 3 to 12 inches thick, made straight on the upper edge, are then +firmly imbedded along the graduated road in two lines, 4 feet 3 inches +apart. On these lines of stone sills are laid iron bars or rails, 2 +inches wide, 1-1/2 inches thick, fastened with iron bolts. Bridges to +pass water courses and drains to carry off the water are to be made in +the common way. * * * The work is now done. As to its cost--Unless the +route be through hills and vallies and, of course, a very unfavorable +one, the necessary grading of a narrow line for a railway will not cost +more than the like work for a wide turnpike. * * * The next item of +expense is stone work. The stone sills will cost 20 cents per foot, or +$2,112 per mile for two rows. The iron rails and bolts will cost $57 per +ton, or $969 per mile, allowing 17 tons which will do, fastening the +same from 1 to $200 a mile. * * * No greater difficulty exists in fixing +the precise cost of a railway than of a house of given dimensions or of +a brick wall. In reference to the Lexington and Ohio Railroad the +requisite data to form true estimates of the cost of each separate mile +will soon be in possession of the Company. The Engineers are of the +opinion that it is throughout an eligible cheap line. The whole cost +then is less than $8,000 a mile." + + * * * * * + +The Reporter of December 1st, 1830, makes an interesting correction: +"In speaking in our last of the iron rails, we should have described +them as _half an inch_ thick instead of an inch and a half. The +engineers have run the experimental line on a grade thirty feet to the +mile instead of fifty feet as we supposed. A locomotive engine will act +advantageously upon a grade of forty feet or more, but the country +between Lexington and Louisville will admit of as low a grade as thirty +feet without expensive excavations or embankments, there being no +natural obstacle on the whole line except at Frankfort where an inclined +plane and stationary power will be required to reach the Kentucky River." + + * * * * * + +In the issue of March 30th, 1831, the Reporter makes an interesting +calculation, proving in dollars and cents the value of the prospective +railroad. It says: "It appears by a statement of the performance on the +Liverpool and Manchester Railway that an engine has transported 142 tons +of freight 180 miles in one day, making six trips between the two towns, +and that on the next day, the steam engine travelled 120 miles with +similar loads. The transportation of 142 tons in 180 miles is equivalent +to the conveyance of one ton 4620 miles. Now, if as it is stated, the +cost of fuel, oil, attendance and all other charges requisite to the +operations of a Locomotive Engine be only $5 a day, it follows that +when once a Rail Road is completed and all its machinery prepared for +operations 4620 tons may be transported one mile for $5.00, or 100 tons +one mile for 12-3/4 cents. When these results are applied to our own +road it will be seen that estimating ten barrels of flour for a ton, +the transportation of 100 barrels 100 miles would cost 106-1/4 cents. +It is true that no one can suppose that this full result can ever be +reduced to continued practice but the simple fact of its having once +been accomplished will be sufficient to place Rail Roads far above all +other artificial means of transportation. At the same time it should not +be forgotten that the wagons on the Liverpool and Manchester Rail Road +are of the old construction and are known to require double the power +to draw them that the wagons do on our Rail Road." + + * * * * * + +"Our Stockholders" pushed the work on "our Rail Road" with all speed; +the engineer submitted his report, and from the Kentucky Reporter, +September 1st, 1830, we find: "The examinations of the route for the +Rail Road from Lexington to the Ohio River has been made as far as +Frankfort which exhibit the following results: + +1. There will be one Inclined Plane at Frankfort about 2200 feet long, +descending one foot in fourteen. All the residue of the road can be +graded to 30 feet or less in a mile which is a fraction over +one-fifteenth of an inch rise in a foot. + +2. On that grade there will be no "cut" deeper than 19 feet at the apex +and but one of that depth. + +3. There will be no embankment over 20 feet high, no bridge over 30 feet +high. + +4. The distance to Frankfort will not be increased two miles in length +over the present travelled road. + +5. There will not be as much rock excavation in the grading as will be +required to construct the road. + +6. On the thirty feet grade which has been tentatively adopted, a single +horse is capable of travelling with seven tons weight with as much ease +as five horses can draw two tons on our present roads in their best +condition. Hence it follows that one man and two horses can transport on +the Railway as much weight in the same time as 35 horses and seven men +on our present roads." + + * * * * * + +That part of the road from Lexington to Villa Grove, six miles west of +Lex. was known as the "first division"; from Villa Grove to Frankfort +was designated "second division." + + * * * * * + +Mr. Kneass, the chief engineer, submitted "a grade table and a table +exhibiting the length of straight line, length of curve and radius of +curvature" to the Directors on October 14th, 1831. + + * * * * * + +John Holburn and Company were employed to furnish stone rail sills at +37-1/2 cents per perch. + + * * * * * + +On April 20th, 1831, The Reporter, which by the way, was known as "Mr. +Clay's organ," gives a most entertaining description of a Directors +meeting. It says: + +"The Stockholders of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road Company met at the +Court House in Lexington on Saturday last. H. Clay was called to the +Chair and H. I. Bodley acted as Secretary. + +The meeting was large, most of the Stockholders, representing upwards +of six hundred thousand dollars, were present. The Stockholders at +Louisville were represented by Messrs. J. S. Snead, B. Lawrence, S. S. +Nicholas, J. I. Jacob and George Keats. + +Mr. E. I. Winter (President of the Company) addressed the meeting an +hour and a half. He described the route as surveyed by Mr. Kneass, the +Engineer, entered into explanations respecting the estimates and made +various calculations as to the probable cost of the work. He presented +a very satisfactory and clear view of the means of the Company--its +flattering prospects--the great resources of this section of the +country &c. + +After much discussion it was + +_Resolved_--That the Directors of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road +Company be requested to take measures to put a proportion of the road +under contract, not exceeding eight miles at Louisville and seven at +Lexington, provided the same can be done at a cost not exceeding by 10 +per cent the estimate made by Mr. Kneass, Engineer. + +_Resolved_--That the Directors be authorized to call from the +Stockholders a sum not exceeding $150,000 pro rata. for the completion +of the 15 miles of Road named in the foregoing resolution, in such +proportion and at such times as the exigencies of the Company may +require, and that they are not authorized to extend their expenditures +beyond the said $150,000 until after the Stockholders shall have been +legally convened and a report laid before them of the progress made in +the work." + +"The meeting then adjourned, but before the Company dispersed a +number of persons came forward and entered their names for stock. +The Stockholders dined together with the Louisville delegation at +Postlethwaite's Inn. We congratulate the friends of this noble +enterprise on the results of the meeting. We especially congratulate +the citizens of Lexington on the bright prospects ahead--the '_Winter_ +of their discontent being made glorious summer'--by the proceedings +of this glorious day." + +The Trustees of the town of Lexington later took $25,000 worth of stock. + + * * * * * + +At last the great day arrived for the laying of the first rail stone, +and the Lexington Observer of October 28th, 1831, gives a brilliant +description of this most momentous occurrence. Gives it with a vividness +which brings the picture so clearly before the reader that in spite of +himself he joins the merry throng and takes his place in the spectacular +parade which marks a new epoch in the history of Lexington. The Observer +says: + + +LAYING FIRST RAIL STONE. + +"Agreeable to the arrangements published in our last paper the ceremony +of Laying the First Rail Stone of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road, was +performed in the presence of a large concourse of citizens and strangers +on Saturday last. + +At 11 o'clock the three Military Companies which formed the escort +marched from their place of rendezvous to the College lawn, where they +were met by the various societies and individuals named in the order of +the Marshal. The procession was then formed in the following order-- + + Col. Leslie Combs, Marshall, with J. B. Coleman, Esq., (his aid) on + horseback. + + Maj. Gen. Pendleton and Staff, on horseback. + + Field Officers and Staff, on horseback. + + Officers of the Line--on foot. + + Capt. Hunt's Artillery, in Platoons. + + Gov. Metcalfe, supported by + Prof. Caldwell, Orator of the Day, and + Rev. N. H. Hall--Officiating Clergyman. + + Judges Underwood and Buckner--Court of Appeals. + + Judge Hickey, Fayette Circuit Court. + + Hon. R. M. Johnson, R. P. Letcher, T. A. Marshall, Members of Congress. + + Several Members of the Kentucky Legislature. + + Capt. T. A. Russell--Ass't. Marshal. + + President and Directors Lexington and Ohio R. R. Co. + + Samuel H. Kneass, Chief Engineer--His Assistants and Treasurer + of the Co. + + Contractors and Pioneers with their implements of Labor. + + State Board of Internal Improvement. + + President, Engineers and Directors of Lexington and Maysville + Turnpike Road. + + Mayor and Aldermen of Louisville (who did not come). + + Capt. Neet's Rifle Guards--in Platoons. + + Military Band of Music. + + Trustees of the Town of Lexington and Clerk. + + Justices of Fayette County Court and Clerk. + + Trustees and Professors of Transylvania University. + + Reverend Clergy. + + Surgeons and Physicians. + + Members of the Bar and Officers of Fayette County Court. + + Union Philosophical Society of Transylvania University. + + Medical and Law Students. + + Tutors and Students of Transylvania University. + + Principal of Preparatory Department and Pupils. + + Principal and Pupils of Wentworth Seminary. + + Principal and Tutors of Shelby Female Academy and Pupils. + + Principal and Professors of Eclectic Institute and Pupils. + + STRANGERS. + + Stockholders of Lexington and Ohio R. R. Co. + + Capt. Postlethwaite's Light Infantry Company--in Platoons. + + Lieut.-Col. A. Stevens--Ass't. Marshal. + + CITIZENS ON FOOT. + + * * * * * + +"For many years we have not witnessed so imposing a pageant and never +one more interesting. A Federal Salute was fired by Capt. Hunt's +Artillery at sunrise and seven guns when the first stone sill was laid, +indicating the seven sections of the road under contract. The procession +first moved in a circle around the lawn where it was formed at which +time the bells in the various churches in town commenced a merry peal +which continued until the procession reached the place where the +ceremony was performed. The Military Escort then formed a hollow square +within which the whole civic procession was enclosed. Thousands of +delighted and anxious spectators were on the outside, among whom we were +gratified to see a large concourse of ladies for whose accommodation the +Marshal had directed the adjacent Market House to be appropriated. + +A blessing on the stupendous undertaking was then invoked by the +officiating clergyman, after which E. I. Winter, Esq., President of the +Company, handed a hammer to the Governor of the State, who drove the +nail attaching the first iron rail to the beginning stone sill. The +music struck up "Hail Columbia" and afterwards "Yankee Doodle," which +was played until the Artillery ceased firing. + +Prof. Caldwell then delivered a highly interesting and appropriate +address. The procession then returned to the University lawn after which +the Military marched to the Arsenal and were dismissed, having received +the thanks of the Directors and President of the Rail Road and the +compliments of the Marshal for their excellent marching and exemplary +good order on the occasion. + +The arrangements for this interesting ceremony were hurried perhaps by +the zeal of those immediately concerned and a desire to proceed without +further delay with the work. A little more time and a little more +preparation would have been better but the whole proceeding was +conducted very handsomely. The procession was very numerous. The streets +through which the long line marched were crowded with spectators and +every window and every balcony were filled with ladies. The Military +looked uncommonly well. The pupils of the various institutions wore +appropriate badges. The ceremonies at the place of laying the corner +stone were not tedious. The omission to prepare a rostrum for the +Orator was a grievous oversight--thousands were unable to hear the +speech, but those who were more fortunate pronounced it appropriate +and eloquent and considering the very short notice upon which it was +prepared, the effort was worthy of the distinguished orator, which +alone, is saying enough in praise. + +The prayer of the Rev. Mr. Hall, by which the occasion was preceded, +awakened the best feelings of the human heart. The Governor and the +President of the Company quickly dispatched the duty assigned them and +the procession moved from the ground in good order, nothing having +occurred in the slightest degree unpleasant. All were happy that the +good work was now in progress and delighted at the bright prospects +now dawning upon the towns and country through which the road is to +pass. Owing to the short notice the expected guests from Maysville and +Louisville did not attend but the Company was honored with the presence +of the Governor and several distinguished members of Congress and two +of the Judges of the Court of Appeals. These with other notable guests +dined with the President, Directors and Stockholders at Postlewaite's +Inn and during the even the Governor visited the Theater where he was +received with many rounds of applause." + + * * * * * + +Down in our hearts we are truly thankful for the present century and all +its benefits and we would rather be plain Kentucky people living today +than any royalty in history. And yet when we read a great thrilling tale +like this we cannot overcome a strange sense of loss, a feeling of +regret that we too, could not have been there to see that wonderful +pageant pass by. The Military with its pomp and music; the professors +and their students; the officials and the rank and file; the lawyers, +and the doctors and the ministers; the contractors and "Pioneers and +their implements of Labor"; the old, the young, the great, the +small--all banded together in one great masterly pull for Lexington! +What a picture! What a privilege! What an inspiration! What would we not +give to have seen it with our own eyes, to have applauded it with our +own hands. + +And yet, perhaps that is what we are doing now, applauding and giving +praise and credit to those splendid citizens whose generosity, +foresight, energy and progressive public spirit made Lexington a leading +city of its day! + +But to return to our subject, the newspapers kept the people advised as +to the progress of the work and the Observer of February 3rd, 1832, +says: + +"Those who feel an interest in this great work will be pleased to learn +that the grading of the first six miles put under contract last fall is +already in a state of much forwardness. The stones for the Rail Sills +are excavated from a quarry a short distance below the city. The ease +with which they are split out and fashioned into sills is truly +surprising. They are about twelve inches wide and many of them are +twenty or twenty-five feet in length." + + * * * * * + +And again on May 24th, 1832-- + +"The grading of the first division of six miles is nearly completed. +Part of the Iron Rails for the first division have arrived at Louisville +from Liverpool by way of New Orleans, and the laying of the stone sills +will be forthwith commenced." + + * * * * * + +The work progressed steadily in spite of many obstacles--chief of which +seems to have been the indifference of Louisville and lack of ready +money, and so in the Observer for March 16th, 1832, there is an +interesting and eloquent appeal: + +"To the Citizens of Lexington and Fayette County-- + +"Now is the time for every man, who is a man and will act like one, to +come forward and put his shoulder to the wheel. The Lexington and Ohio +Rail Road can be finished to Frankfort before the 1st of November, 1832, +if those who are able will do their duty and take stock, or increase +their present subscriptions. Not one should hang back and let his +neighbors do for him what he ought to do for himself. If he loves money, +this is the way to improve his fortune; if he loves his country, this is +the sure way to advance her power and glory. + +The work can be done and will be done in the time I have named if you +are true to your best interests and will act promptly on this occasion. +No time is to be lost--Come all--Come quickly. Let us have no more +theorizing but in its stead, efficient action." + + * * * * * + +And again in the same month the Directors authorized the President, Mr. +Elisha I. Winter, to let the grading of the twenty-three sections of the +"Second Division." + +The Observer and Reporter, June 28th, 1832, says: + +"Laying the stone sills is rather a tedious operation. Messrs. Holburn +and Benson, who are the contractors for this branch of the work deserve +great praise for executing their contract not only faithfully but in +a style of beauty and elegance of workmanship which has excited the +admiration of all who have examined it. They are now putting in the Iron +Rails and we hope it will not be long before the Directors will have it +in their power to gratify the universal anxiety which daily increases in +intensity to behold the novel spectacle of a Rail Road Carriage in rapid +motion." + +This desire was soon gratified according to an article in the Lexington +Observer dated August 9th, 1832, and entitled "Our Rail Road." It says: + +"A splendid car (the Lexington and Ohio) was placed on the Rail Road on +Thursday last. It made two trips, the distance the road is finished, +having inside and outside about sixty passengers each trip. The crowd to +witness the experiment was very great and we never saw spectators more +delighted. The opening of the Rail Road from Lexington to the Ohio River +will be the commencement of a new era in the history of Kentucky. Let +unbelievers in the utility of Rail Roads witness but one experiment and +their scepticism will soon vanish. + +"On Tuesday the 14th the road we understand will be formally opened and +the car afterwards kept constantly running for the accommodation of +passengers. The Governor of the State and the Mayor and Council of the +City of Louisville have been invited to be present on this occasion." + + * * * * * + +The Observer and Reporter of August 16th, 1832, tells how "The Lexington +and Ohio Rail Road was formally opened on yesterday. Among the persons +present was Gov. Metcalf. At twelve o'clock precisely the Car left its +moorings at the upper end of the lower Market in fine style, having on +board about 40 passengers. The Road is completed entirely only about one +mile and a half from its termination in this city. Other portions are in +a state of great forwardness and will be ready for the Car in a few days +which will make the whole distance completed about 3 miles. The Car +travels at the rate of about 10 miles an hour." + + * * * * * + +How eagerly they longed for its completion, using it for pleasure trips +when only a mile and a half was finished! And how quaintly they spoke of +it leaving "its moorings" as though they were still thinking in terms of +rivers and flat boats and steam boats, and could only describe it in +river terms! And how they dignified it with capitals, it was always the +Rail Road and the Car--as if the very immensity of the undertaking +demanded capital letters. To them the "Rail Road started" or "returned," +or was "kept running," as in the article in the Observer of August 25th, +1832, which says: + +"Two miles of the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road are now completed, and +the splendid car, "Lexington and Ohio," is kept constantly running this +distance to gratify those who feel an interest in Rail Roads, and are +desirous of testing their utility. The Car is sufficiently large to +accommodate 60 passengers and this number is drawn by one horse, with +apparently as much ease and rapidity as the same animal would draw a +light gig. The delight experienced at the sight of a car loaded by sixty +passengers and drawn by one horse at the rate of ten miles an hour +through a country where heretofore five miles per hour with one +passenger to a horse has been thought good speed, is sufficient of +itself to repay the beholder for the trouble of a journey of fifty +miles. We understand a locomotive steam engine is now being constructed +to be placed upon the road as soon as the distance is opened on the +whole of the First Division." + + * * * * * + +Having always heard the Old Lexington and Ohio Road referred to as "the +first rail road built West of the Alleghany Mountains," I was greatly +surprised at this juncture to see how close the question of priority +between it and the old Pontchartrain Railway really was and being unable +to decide the question myself, I beg leave to lay the evidence before my +readers and let them decide the matter according to their own judgment. + +Mr. J. H. Ellis, Secretary of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, at +a banquet in Louisville in 1914, when speaking of the oldest railroads +built West of the Alleghanies and South of the Ohio River, said: "It is +commonly believed that the oldest road is the Lexington and Ohio, so it +may surprise you to know that in point of antiquity it is beaten by that +little old Pontchartrain Railroad, Charles Marshall's darling, but by +a remarkable coincidence, by only a week. For while the Pontchartrain +Railroad Company received its charter on January 20th, 1830, that of the +Lexington and Ohio Railroad Company is dated January 27th, 1830. And in +point of construction the latter likewise followed the Pontchartrain." + +An article published in the Lexington Observer of October 4th, 1832, +taken from the New Orleans Emporium of September 15th, 1832, says: + +"The beautiful locomotive Pontchartrain recently received from England +came up to the city this morning from the lake in a manner highly +gratifying to the directors of the company, who were present and a large +concourse of our citizens. It commences running Monday next at 12 +o'clock. The Mayor and City Council are to be present and no doubt +hundreds of our citizens will fill the train which will accommodate +between three and four hundred people. This locomotive is said to be the +most perfect and elegant in the Union and that there are only two in +England equal to it. The display will be at once beautiful and imposing +and will no doubt attract thousands." + +At this time _our_ first locomotive was "in course of construction," as +the Observer and Reporter of December 6th, 1832, says in an editorial: +"We yesterday had the pleasure of examining--at the machine shop of Mr. +Bruen--a new Locomotive Engine constructed for the Lexington and Ohio +Rail Road Company. We understand the Engine will be in readiness for an +experiment on the Rail Road sometime next week." + + * * * * * + +It is evident therefore that the Charter for the Pontchartrain Railroad +was one week older than the Charter of the Lexington and Ohio Railroad. +It is also evident that the Lexington and Ohio Railroad was "formally +opened August 15th, 1832," while the formal opening of the Pontchartrain +Road did not occur until September 15th, 1832, one month later than +ours. + +It is true the Pontchartrain opened with a real locomotive while the +Lexington and Ohio road first used horse power. But it must also be +remembered that the locomotive of the Pontchartrain Railroad was built +in Stourbridge, England, while the first locomotive for the Lexington +and Ohio road was invented and built in Lexington by two Lexington men, +Thomas Barlow and Joseph Bruen; that it was in course of construction at +the time of the opening, and that it made its trial run March 2nd, 1833, +"from Lexington towards Frankfort."-- + +So far as I have been able to learn our locomotive was the first one +built in the United States unless we except that of Peter Cooper, which +is said never to have given satisfaction. + + * * * * * + +By the first of January, 1833, the first railroad advertisement appeared +headed: + + + "TRAVELING" + + On The + + Lexington and Ohio Rail Road + + The First Six Miles of the Road Being Completed a + Passenger Car will Daily Leave the Lower Market + House for the end of the First Division + at 9-1/2 O'clock A. M. and 2-1/2 + O'clock P.M. + + Returning will leave the end of the Division for + Lexington at 10 O'clock A. M. and 3-1/2 + O'clock P.M. + + Companies of 12 or more can be accommodated with + a Private Car by giving one hour's notice. + + Office L. & O. Rail Road Company + + January 1st, 1833 + + +And so the Rail Road became a popular diversion, and the work was +rapidly progressing all along the road toward Frankfort. Judging from an +advertisement in the Observer and Reporter of February 21st, 1833, some +change in construction must have been contemplated for it states "Sealed +Proposals will be received at the Company's Office until the 15th of +April next for laying 13 miles of the Second Division of the Lexington +and Ohio Rail Road with Stone Sills, and 9 miles with Sleepers and +Strong-pieces of wood. + + (Signed by) H. J. RANNEY, Chief Engineer." + + * * * * * + +Professor Muncey says: "In the 'Second Division' of the Road wood +sills--red cedar in most cases--were used in some places." + +It is interesting to note here that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad +advised our promoters in the first place to use the wooden sills. + +Quoting from the Observer and Reporter of March 2nd, 1833, "The first +six miles of the Rail Road is now in successful operation. The Car for +some time past has run regularly three times a day and is usually filled +with passengers. It expedites the progress of mail about one hour each +trip." + +Time was become a matter to be reckoned with you see. + + * * * * * + +And in the same paper appeared the following modest announcement for +which I had searched for days: + +"We are happy to learn that the steam locomotive constructed by our +ingenious townsmen, Mr. Bruen, is hereafter to make regular trips on +this road." + +The car driver was allowed a salary of $22.50 a month. He and his +assistant were to handle the car and the horses, take up fares, handle +baggage and carry the United States mail. + + * * * * * + +There is a quaint epitaph in an old Scotch graveyard which says "Good +times and bad times and all times, get over"; and so it was with our +great little railroad. Its Charter had boldly set the Ohio River as +its destination. On October 21st, 1831, it timidly started "towards +Frankfort," and on January 31st, 1834, it reached that fair city with a +sigh of relief after many hardships had been endured and many obstacles +overcome. The cholera scourge of 1833 had halted its progress, +difficulties had arisen through bad calculations of its engineers, and +money was often sorely needed. Louisville seemed indifferent to its +construction, being comfortably "seated" on the much coveted "water +course." So the railroad stopped to rest at Frankfort and stopped +so long it became known as the "Lexington and Frankfort Rail Road." +Its arrival in Frankfort was celebrated by a grand ball at Brennan's +(or Postlethwaite's) which is glitteringly described in the Gazette on +January 31st, 1834, as follows: + +"The fete given last night at Brennan's Hotel to the members of the +Legislature and to celebrate the opening of the Rail Road from here to +Frankfort was truly a most brilliant affair. The company bestowed just +praises on the taste and munificence of Mr. Brennan, for the splendor +and profusion of the supper and refreshments, which appeared as if +"earth and sky and sea" had been plundered of their sweets. The company +must have numbered from four to five hundred persons who were +distributed in the various rooms of the basement story where dancing +parties were kept up till two o'clock. Like the Brussells Ball, we too +had gathered from the Capital-- + + 'Her beauty and her chivalry, and bright + The lamps shone over fair women and brave men, + A thousand hearts beat happily; and when + Music arose with its voluptuous swell + Soft eyes looked love to eyes which spake again + And all went merry as a marriage bell.' + + +A majority of the members of both branches of the Legislature were +present on the occasion it is said, together with the Mayor and Council +of Lexington. For ourselves we did not play a part in the mazy dance but +was content to look on others-- + + 'Steer with care through all that glittering sea + Of gems and plumes and pearls and silks to where + He deems it is his proper place to be + Dissolving in the waltz to some soft air + Or proudlier prancing with Mercurial skill + Where science marshalls forth her own quadrille.'" + + +The same paper contains an account of an "elegant new locomotive," which +says: + + +RAIL ROAD. + +"An elegant new locomotive of improved model has been running on the +Lexington and Ohio Rail Road for several days to Frankfort. The success +which has attended the experiment thus far equals the most sanguine +hopes of the projectors. Since the application of steam all doubts have +been vanished, and we confess a very great change has been wrought +in our own minds as to the utility and value of the undertaking. Its +advantages to the town are manifest now and if it should be completed +to Louisville it will be an immense advantage to the whole commonwealth +and reflect the highest credit on those who have planned and executed +it. Its superiority over every other kind of locomotion will carry +conviction to the minds of any who may doubt and convince the country +of the absolute necessity of completing it, to which purpose the +Legislature will no doubt contribute largely. + +The trip from here to Frankfort will occupy about two hours when the +arrangements are complete." + + * * * * * + +This "new locomotive" may have been the "Nottaway" or "The Logan" or the +"Daniel Boone." The latter, which was inclined to run behind time, was +the butt of many jokes. One traveller is said to have asked "What is +the matter, will we never arrive?" and another replied "Let us ask the +engineer to feed 'Boone' another stick of cord wood, or we will never +get there." Capt. Alfred Pirtle, Secretary of the Filson Club, says "The +Baldwin Locomotive Works have a record that they built an engine named +'Daniel Boone' for the Lexington and Ohio Rail Road in 1842." + + * * * * * + +The Observer and Reporter January 24th, 1835, says: + +"Several hundred of our citizens had the pleasure yesterday of +witnessing a successful experiment on the Rail Road with the new +Locomotive. Its performance justifies all our hopes. Two burthen cars +and the large passenger car filled with passengers were attached to the +engine. It moved off with great ease clearly indicating its ability to +perform all its requirements. Every one who witnessed the experiment +seemed to feel a high degree of patriotic enthusiasm that he lived in +a city which had originated and thus far successfully prosecuted this +magnificent and invaluable scheme. "We learn that the Locomotive made +the trip to the Villa, a distance of six miles, in a little over 20 +minutes although badly provided with fuel." + + * * * * * + +The "success of the experiment" had an unfortunate set back, however, +for in the Observer and Reporter, January 24, 1835, is an account of +the _Accident_ which caused profound distress. + +"We have carefully prepared from authentic information the following +account of the melancholy occurrences of yesterday. To allay public +excitement and prevent misrepresentation or misapprehension of facts +we consider it our duty to give as brief and accurate account as +possible of those unfortunate accidents today which caused the death +of two individuals and severe injuries to four others. + +"The splendid Locomotive Engine recently imported was placed on the +road two or three days since and has made one or more pleasure trips +each day to the Villa (6 miles) and back with perfect safety and entire +success. This morning it performed the trip with one large Passenger +Coach containing some fifty or sixty passengers, and one burden Car +also loaded, attached to it, in 19 minutes going and about 22 minutes +returning without accident. This afternoon, as the Engineer was +proceeding from the car house a quarter of a mile below the depot in +the city a number of boys were continually trying to jump upon the +tender although repeatedly forbidden to do so, till finally while the +Locomotive was going at the rate of only about five or six miles per +hour, a negro boy, 11 or 12 years of age, the property of Mrs. Ross, on +attempting to jump on the fore part of the tender fell under it and was +crushed to death. No possible blame can attach to the Engineer as he +stopped the moment he saw the boy fall, but was too late. + +He then came up slowly to the depot, both sides of the road being lined +by hundreds of anxious spectators, and attached the Locomotive to two +burden Cars and the large Passenger Coach, before mentioned, altogether +containing, we suppose, over 150 persons, in the following order: + +1st--The Engine and tender. 2nd--A common Burden Car with temporary +benches to sit on but no side on front or rear railing to protect the +passengers from falling or being pushed off; fastened with common trace +chains by means of the centre beams to which the shafts are used fixed +to the Locomotive. 3rd--Another common Burthen Car attached to the +second as it was to the first giving 10 to 12 inches loose play forward +and back but with only a single bench running through the centre from +front to rear. No railing or other protection to the passengers, who +were obliged to stand up, except a few standards along the sides for the +purpose of hauling wood. 4th--The large Passenger Coach attached to the +third as it was to the second. Before starting, more than one gentleman +who noticed the manner of attaching the cars, and the consequent jars +which they would inevitably receive, made remarks as to the dangerous +situation of the individuals crowded on the burden cars, but we made the +trip down safely in 24 minutes. + +After remaining to Wood and Water we started back with position +reversed, the large Passenger Coach in front, then the two burthen cars +following each other, and lastly the Locomotive, each pushing forward +the one in front of it, by pressing the end of the centre beams, some +six inches square against each other, loosely attached as before +described, by common trace chains. We had proceeded in this manner about +a mile at a moderate pace when in passing a curve, the beam of the front +burthen Car was seen to pass to the right of the rear beam of the +Passenger Car, which jerked the wheels off the track and caused a +considerable shock and great alarm. Some of the passengers on the two +burthen Cars attempted to jump off, the ground being nearly on a level +with the road at that place; others, especially those standing in the +forward burthen Car were thrown backwards and knocked off, those near +the edge of it under the wheels of the other; some attempted to leap on +the bank, fell and rolled down, and thus all the mischief was done. +Lewis Lankard and Leonard Taylor, of Lexington, Ky.; William A. Cocke +and Joseph Holt, of Louisville; F. W. Trapnall, of Springfield, and +Daniel Green, of Fayette County, were in this way thrown off the forward +burthen Car and under the wheels of the other. Lankard was instantly +killed; Taylor and Green had each a leg broken; Messrs. Trapnall and +Holt had severe bruises and were probably saved by Lankard's falling +before them and in some measure stopping the car. Mr. Cocke had his +right foot firmly fastened in the forward wheel of the hindmost car and +was much injured and but for the presence of mind and promptness of the +Engineer in stopping at the moment must have lost his leg and most +probably his life; another quarter turn of the wheel would have been +fatal. He could only be released by taking that part of the Car to +pieces. Several other gentlemen were bruised and slightly injured. None +of the Cars turned over and if the burthen Cars had been substantially +railed round or if only passenger cars had been used or all had been +drawn and not pushed, nothing serious would have been the consequence. +Too much praise cannot be bestowed upon the Engineer. Although under +considerable headway he stopped almost instantly and much sooner than +a stage with horses could have been halted. May we now be permitted to +make a single suggestion or two to the Manager of the Rail Road? + +1st--The number of passengers to go in each Car should be limited. +Huddling numbers on the top is extremely hazardous. + +2nd--Unless a wire sieve is fastened over the top of the chimney of the +engine we shall soon have some dwelling house, barn or other building +near the road burnt down or the Cars themselves set on fire. + +In conclusion we hope that the feeling of our citizens will not be again +excited by the occurrence of such a painful and heart-rending accident +as the one over which a number have been called to mourn, as we are +confident that by proper management and strict attention it may be +easily avoided." + + * * * * * + +Now let us consider this first locomotive engine ever used on the +Lexington and Ohio Railroad. This locomotive was invented by Thomas +Harris Barlow (who afterward became world-famous as the inventor of +the Planetarium) and was constructed by Joseph Bruen at his machine +shops which stood near the corner of Water and Spring Streets. + +That wonderful little locomotive is described by one who saw it with his +own eyes, who rode behind it often, and who knew the men who invented +and constructed it quite intimately. The old gentleman I refer to was +Samuel D. McCullough, who was born in 1803 and who wrote his diary, +which is now in the Lexington Public Library, in 1871. + +"Mr. Thomas Harris Barlow was born in Nicholas County, Kentucky, (says +his son, Milton, in a letter to me) August 5th, 1789, and resided in the +State of his birth till the last year or two of his life and died in +Cincinnati June, 1865." + +I shall condense Mr. Milton Barlow's short biography of his father, +which states that he had but a common school education. He was an +industrious and even a hard working student of mechanism for which he +had a wonderful natural gift, and which induced Col. R. M. Johnson to +appoint him principal Military Artificer in his Regiment. He was under +fire in the Battle of the Thames (1812) where he distinguished himself +for coolness and bravery. After his intermarriage with Miss Lizzie West +he turned his attention to erecting flour, saw and other mills and +building and overseeing their steam motive power. In 1825 he removed to +Lexington and opened a machine shop. + +"I remember myself all which followed and give my own recollections. + +Believing that Locomotives could be propelled at a greater velocity Mr. +Barlow and Mr. Joseph Bruen, another mechanical genius, built an engine +to run on the new Rail Road, just started from this place towards +Frankfort, the finished portion of the road extending then but five +miles from this City, and on which Sunday pleasure Cars were running +drawn by two horses. + +The Steam Engine was an odd concern; not more than three or four feet +high wheels, boiler and all; the pistons working perpendicularly; two +cylinders _and a tongue in front to guide the steam wagon with the +necessary pilot wheel with its tiller ropes_. I never knew what became +of the engine but I have placed all that is left of the model in the +Museum of the Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum along with the remnant of +Edward West's model steam engine for boats. Mr. Barlow and Mr. Bruen +also built another small steam engine which ran on a miniature oval Rail +Road, in the large room, third story of the factory, corner of Water and +Rose Streets, drawing after it a miniature car large enough to hold one +grown person or two children. I paid my 25 cents for a ride on it. +The novelty of the occasion brought multitudes of citizens, male and +female, to see it and as Mr. Barlow quaintly and truthfully observes, +'each of the visitors had to pay a small sum for the pleasure of riding +on land by steam.' I give the following remark of Mr. Barlow, Jr., just +as he used it without stopping to inquire whether it be genuine or +apocryphal. He says, 'This was the first steam locomotive engine ever +made in America.' + +Mr. Barlow sold the miniature engine, Car and wooden rails to Mr. Samuel +Robb, of this county, who exhibited the workings of them in 1827 in the +cities of Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, Vicksburg, New Orleans, in +which city it was consumed by fire during the year 1828. Mr. Barlow +built another miniature engine for Mr. Rockhill who used it for +exhibition. I wish it distinctly remembered so as not to confuse dates, +that the first mattock struck and the first stone laid on the Lexington +and Louisville Rail Road were done in Lexington June 3rd, 1831, the +citizens, the Free Masons and the Military assisting in the ceremonies +which took place at the corner of Water and Upper Streets, not ten feet +from the present storage house of Hayman and Wooley. Prof. Charles +Caldwell, of Transylvania Medical School, made the address on the +occasion. + +I remember again, that the model engine of Mr. Barlow and Mr. Bruen was +run on the miniature Rail Road _three or four years before_ the first +rail was laid on the track which was a flat iron rail on a stone sill. +The great danger occurring continually from the ends of the flat rails +turning upwards causing what was then called 'snake heads,' and the +disintegration of the stone sills induced the directors to change both +sills and rails to their present form. + +I recollect the old horse car running from here to Frankfort and back to +Lexington. + +It was in 1835, in company with my deceased friend, John J. Crittenden, +who with myself was watching a splendid comet in the North West during +our ride, the horse cars were four hours in running the distance of +twenty-four miles, or six miles an hour. Upon arriving upon the hill +near Frankfort the passenger trains were sent down an inclined plane +drawn by horses. Several accidents occurred which afterwards induced the +Directors to change the route to a more circuitous and safer place, the +road now in constant use. At Frankfort the passengers for Louisville +took seats in five and six four-horse coaches, eighteen to twenty-four +passengers each. The necessities of travel and commerce finally +culminated in finishing the Rail Road to Louisville. Lexington and +Frankfort with the counties of Fayette, Woodford and Franklin did their +parts nobly, and Louisville with that symptom of haggling so usual with +her, finally was induced to help finish the road to that city. + +Whilst upon the subject of inventors, inventions and Rail Roads, I may +tell you that the two-horse-car ran from this City to Frankfort over the +'flat iron' rail until 18-- when a little steam locomotive called the +Nottaway made one trip to Frankfort and back the same day. It drew one +passenger coach built by Mr. Ashton, the venerable coach builder of this +city. The inside would accommodate about as many as a modern omnibus +and seats on the top with an iron railing all around would seat as many +more. I have an indistinct recollection where the baggage and mail +matter were stored but I think they were given in charge of the +engineer, who also in that capacity was baggage master and mail agent. + +I recollect distinctly the little locomotives, Nottaway and Logan. +More than two-score times have I and other able bodied men gotten out of +the passenger car when the locomotive was not able to pull the load over +some slight elevation in the road and pushed passenger car and engine up +the inclined plane of less than one degree inclination. When we arrived +at the summit of the inclination, which was about nine miles from +Lexington in what was called the 'deep cut,' the engineer in the +meantime having raised steam enough to carry passengers to the next +slight ascension in the road, cried 'all aboard' and away we went. +'All out' was the engineer's next cry when he came to some slight +ascension in the road. Out we came and our shoulders were again applied +to help the little locomotive out of its terrible difficulty. Arriving +at the top of the hill at Frankfort from a four to six hours ride of +twenty-four miles we met with two serious questions either to go down +the inclined plane at nearly 40 degrees inclination free of charge or +take the hacks and carriages in waiting by paying 25 cents extra. My +old friend, Rev. Dr. R. J. Breckinridge and myself not wishing to risk +our lives on the incline plane took seats in a hack. I recollect Dr. +Breckinridge's remark, when he paid his extra quarter for hack hire: +'I agree to pay $1.00 to be carried safely to Frankfort. I pay this +additional 25 cents under protest as a swindle.' The driver 'took our +monies and went his ways' and proceeded to collect 25 cents from each +passenger going into Frankfort until some 'change' was made by the +Directors of the Rail Road." + + * * * * * + +Mr. Andy Shepherd in an interview said he remembered the old locomotives +Daniel Boone, Logan and Joe Davis. + +He said the passenger coach was painted yellow. He described the first +locomotive as having a tall smoke stack, a single wheel, and a crank +axle, with no cab, the engineer standing unprotected through wind and +weather. He said it required a cord of two-foot wood to make the trip +from Lexington to Frankfort and return, that the engineer stopped at +Villa Grove and at Duckers "to wood and water." He said at first there +was one passenger and one freight train a day, that freight came from +Cincinnati to Frankfort by river, and from Frankfort to Lexington by +rail. When asked where the headlight for the locomotive was, he replied: +"They did not need a headlight because they only travelled by daylight." +(And yet one of the English commentaries which had made deepest +impression on the railroad promoters was that "Locomotives can travel +safely in the dark.") + +Mr. Shepherd said the old engines were finally sold for scrap iron, +loaded on a flat car, and taken away. But the Logan was sold to a coal +mine. + + * * * * * + +The Gazette, November 28th, 1835, says: + +"There seems to be a perfect mania pervading the country on the subject +of railroads. Hardly a paper comes to hand but contains accounts of +meetings held for the purpose of projecting one through some part or +another." + + * * * * * + +And on January 9th, 1836: + +"The Mayor has called a meeting of the citizens of Lex. and Fayette Co. +on Monday next at 12 o'clock to take into consideration measures +relative to the contemplated Railroad from Charleston, S. C., to the +Ohio River. The meeting will take place in a Court House." + + * * * * * + +On January 23rd, 1836: + +We learn that "the Directors of the R. R. Co. have declined bringing +more fire wood to this city but have offered to the agents for procuring +fuel the use of their road and wood cars free of expense for the +transport of that article. The great quantity of freight at the depots +rendering this course necessary on the part of the Company." + + * * * * * + +On December 12th, 1835, was an interesting article headed: + + +RAIL ROAD STOCK. + +"Four shares of Lex. and Ohio R. R. Stock were sold at public auction on +Monday last at $101.00 per share, next dividend off being one per cent +advance. This is some evidence of the estimation in which this stock +is held. The next dividend to be struck 1st January and to which the +purchaser will not be entitled would probably have added about $5.00 per +share. We repeat that the citizens of Louisville do not duly appreciate +the importance to their city of the completion of the road from thence +to Frankfort with as little delay as possible." + + * * * * * + +And in the same paper is an account of the sad fate of the attractive +little Villa: + + +FIRE. + +"The neat little 'Villa,' so tastefully erected by Smith and Rainey and +kept for some time past by Mr. Clatterbuck, on the R. R., six miles from +Lex., was destroyed by fire on the night of Monday last together with +most of the furniture, liquors and a considerable sum of money. This +misfortune will be seriously felt not only by Mr. C----, but by the +travellers on the R. R., who were always sure of a kind reception and +the solace of a cup of hot sparkling coffee at daylight after making the +first stop from Lex. The benevolent we are sure will not be appealed to +in vain to contribute something towards enabling Mr. Clatterbuck again +to commence business. His loss in cash was about $700." + + * * * * * + +And now I have told you all that I have been able to find concerning +this old Lexington and Ohio Railroad. I have traced its conception and +birth, its construction and success. I have not the heart to tell you +of its slow and lingering death, how it became antiquated, ridiculed, +supplanted and re-constructed, how it was mortgaged and sold, and +finally became merged into the great Louisville and Nashville system +and how its very history became clouded in tradition. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Pioneer Railway of the West, by +Maude Ward Lafferty + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A PIONEER RAILWAY OF THE WEST *** + +***** This file should be named 27256.txt or 27256.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/2/5/27256/ + +Produced by David Garcia and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Kentuckiana Digital Library) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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