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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the expedition to Carthagena,
+with explanatory notes and observations, by Sir Charles Knowles
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An Account of the expedition to Carthagena, with explanatory notes and observations
+
+Author: Sir Charles Knowles
+
+Release Date: November 6, 2008 [EBook #27173]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+AN
+ACCOUNT
+OF THE
+EXPEDITION
+TO
+_CARTHAGENA, &c._
+
+[Price One Shilling.]
+
+See the Plan of the City and Harbour of
+_Carthagena_, published in the _LONDON_
+MAGAZINE for _April_ 1740; which will
+serve to give the Readers of this Pamphlet
+a clearer Idea of its Contents.
+
+
+
+
+AN
+
+ACCOUNT
+
+OF THE
+
+EXPEDITION
+
+TO
+
+CARTHAGENA,
+
+WITH
+
+EXPLANATORY NOTES
+
+AND
+
+OBSERVATIONS.
+
+
+
+THE THIRD EDITION.
+
+
+_Ubi per socordiam vires, tempus, ingenium defluxere, naturę
+infirmitas accusatur: suam quique culpam actores ad negotia
+transferunt._                                       SALLUST.
+
+
+
+_LONDON:_
+Printed for M. COOPER, at the _Globe_ in
+_Pater-noster-Row_.
+
+MDCCXLIII.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
+without note. Dialect spellings, contractions and discrepancies have
+been retained. The footnotes are lettered from A to I, K to T and V to
+Z. Subsequent footnotes repeat the lettering sequence, beginning with
+an A.
+
+
+
+
+ACCOUNT
+
+OF THE
+
+EXPEDITION
+
+TO
+
+_CARTHAGENA, &c._
+
+
+It having been resolved in a general Council of War, held at _Spanish_
+Town, to prevent, if possible, the _French_ Fleet joining the Enemy
+before any Expedition should be undertaken by Land: the _Wolf_ Sloop,
+Captain _Dandridge_, was dispatched up to _Port Louis_, to observe if
+the Fleet was in that Port: And on the 22d of _January_, which was the
+soonest the Fleet could be got ready for the Sea, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_
+and his Division sailed out of _Port Royal_ Harbour; and two Days after
+Mr. _Lestock_ and his Division; and on the _Monday_ following the
+Admiral with the rest of the Squadron (leaving behind him the
+_Falmouth_ and _Litchfield_ to bring up the Transports;) but the Land
+Breeze failing, and a great Swell rolling down, obliged them to anchor
+at the _Keys_ (where the _Augusta_ drove ashore, and beat off her
+Rudder, and great part of her Keel.) On the 28th the Admiral weighed
+Anchor, and plied up to Windward, and the 31st joined Sir _Chaloner
+Ogle_ and Mr. _Lestock_ with their Divisions off _Port Morant_, and the
+Day following was joined by the _Falmouth_, _Litchfield_, and
+Transports. _February_ the 7th the Fleet made Cape _Tiberoon_ on the
+Island _Hispaniola_, and off there was joined by the _Cumberland_,
+Captain _Stewart_, from _Lisbon_, (who had been separated from the
+Fleet in the Storm the 1st of _November_) and the next Day the _Wolf_
+Sloop came into the Fleet[_A_] and brought with her a _French_ Sloop.
+The 13th the Fleet anchored at the Isle of _Vache_, about two Leagues
+to the Westward of _Port Louis_, where they stayed but four Days,
+having gained Intelligence the _French_ Fleet was divided, and sailed
+(the Marquis _D'Antin_ and twelve Sail being gone for _Old France_, and
+Mr. _Rochefieulle_ and six Sail for _Petit Guavas_) upon which the
+Fleet went and anchored in _Tiberoon_, _Donna Maria_, and _Irish_ Bays,
+to Wood and Water; and on the 25th sailed from thence, when the
+_Weymouth_, _Experiment_, and _Spence_ Sloop, were dispatched ahead
+over to _Carthagena_, to sound _Punta Canoa_ Bay, for the safer
+anchoring the Fleet, which arrived there the 5th of _March_ in the
+Evening; and three Days after the same Ships, together with the
+_Dunkirk_, were ordered by the Admiral down off _Boccachica_, to sound
+and see if the Fleet might safely anchor there, and how near Ships
+might come to batter the Forts of _St. Philip_ and _St. Jago_; and so
+soon as the Admiral had received the Reports from the Commanders of
+these Ships, a Council of War was held, wherein it was resolved to send
+three eighty Gun Ships, the _Norfolk_, Captain _Graves_, the
+_Shrewsbury_, Captain _Townsend_, and the _Russell_, Captain _Norris_,
+to batter the Forts abovementioned; the _Princess Amelia_, Captain
+_Hemmington_, to fire against the Fascine Battery, and the
+_Litchfield_, Captain _Cleveland_, against the little Battery of
+_Chamba_; (but these two last the Enemy had abandoned) and accordingly
+the 9th in the Morning they weighed Anchor from _Punta Canoa_ Bay,
+together with Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, and the rest of his Division, (he
+being to command the Attack) and about two Hours afterwards, the
+Admiral and the rest of the Fleet got under sail: At Noon the
+_Norfolk_, _Russell_, and _Shrewsbury_ began to cannonade the Forts,
+and in about three Hours time drove the Enemy from their Guns, and
+obliged them to abandon their Forts[_B_]: Immediately on this Sir
+_Chaloner Ogle_ made the Signal for landing the Troops, which was
+repeated by the Admiral, who was just come to an Anchor, (a little to
+the Eastward) and about five o'clock in the Evening, a Body of Troops
+were landed without Opposition; but the General not thinking the Body
+sufficient, (he landing with them) embarked again in the Boats, and
+sent for more[_C_]. About eight o'Clock they landed again, and went and
+took Possession of the Forts of _St. Philip_ and _St. Jago_, and about
+nine the Bomb-ketches were carried in Shore, and began to play on the
+Castle of _Boccachica_. The three next Days were spent in landing the
+remainder of the Forces, the Baggage, _&c._[_D_] and by the 16th all
+the Cannon, Mortars, and Ordnance Stores were landed[_E_]. But the
+principal Engineer not arriving till the 15th, no Spot was pitched upon
+for raising a Battery[_F_] against the Enemy, so that the clearing a
+few Bushes away down by the Water Side, for to pitch their Tents, was
+all the material Work the Army did for near a Week; and the Enemy was
+contented to let them be pretty quiet, only now and then firing a Shot,
+until they opened a Bomb-Battery of four Mortars and some Royals on the
+17th[_G_], and then the Fascine Battery on the _Barradera_ Side annoyed
+them greatly, and particularly the Camp, so that they were obliged to
+remove it several Paces off.
+
+[_H_]This being represented to the Admiral, Orders were given for all
+Boats of the Squadron to be ready at Midnight (manned and armed) to go
+to surprize the _Barradera_ Battery, and the Command given to Captain
+_Boscawen_[_I_], in which they happily succeeded, spiked up all the
+Guns; burnt the Carriages, Platforms, and Guard-house; destroyed the
+Magazine, and took several Prisoners[_K_]. The next Morning, as soon as
+it was Day, the Enemy from _Boccachica_ began to fire warmly at the
+Bomb-Battery, (as if they were angry at what happened the Night before)
+though without doing them any particular Damage; and as they were
+sensible of the Usefulness and advantageous Situation of this Battery,
+they set busily about repairing some Part of it, and on the 20th had
+built up some Embrazures and mounted two Guns, and fired them on the
+Bomb-Battery again, which the Admiral observing, ordered the _Rippon_,
+a sixty Gun ship, to go and anchor as near it, as possible, and keep
+firing on it to prevent the Enemy's working on it any farther[_L_], so
+that all the next Day the Army was in a State of Tranquillity, and on
+_Sunday_ the 22d their grand Battery of twenty Guns being finished,
+about eight o'Clock in the Morning began to play very briskly on the
+Castle, as did the Bomb-Battery, and thirty or forty Cohorns and Royals
+planted on the Platform behind the Cannon[_M_], which the Enemy
+returned as briskly from the Castle, the four Ships[_N_] (Don _Blass_'s
+in particular) _St. Joseph_'s, and some few Guns from the _Barradera_,
+so that the Work was warm on both Sides. On the 23d the _Boyne_,
+_Suffolk_, _Tilbury_, _Prince Frederick_, and _Hampton Court_, were
+ordered in against _Boccachica_ to cannonade[_O_]; but the _Boyne_
+having anchored so far to Leeward, as to lie exposed to the whole Fire
+of the Enemy's Ships, and _St. Joseph_'s Battery, was much shattered,
+and ordered off again that Night. The _Prince Frederick_ and _Hampton
+Court_, sharing the Fire of the Enemy, that had been employed against
+the _Boyne_, were also much shattered by Morning, when they were
+likewise ordered to come off; the former having lost her Captain, and
+both many Men killed and wounded. The _Suffolk_ and _Tilbury_ happening
+to anchor well to the Northward, lay battering till the next Evening
+(and with some Success, particularly against the Breach) when the
+Admiral sent Orders for them to draw off. The Army now began to look on
+the Breach as accessible, but the Guns in the _Barradera_ Battery,
+being able to annoy them in their Attack, a Representation thereof was
+made to the Admiral, who immediately directed the _Princess Amelia_,
+_Litchfield_, and _Shoreham_, to go in, and anchor as nigh it as
+possible, and sent the Boats of the Squadron again mann'd and arm'd,
+under the Command of Captain _Watson_ to destroy it[_P_], which they
+did effectually, and with scarce any Opposition; the greatest part of
+the Guns in _Boccachica_ Castle being now dismounted, the Army thought
+proper to entertain the Enemy's Ships, by widening five or six
+Embrazures of their Battery, and playing some Guns on them, which the
+Ships as civilly returned, 'till Night closed in, and firing ceased on
+both Sides[_Q_]. The 25th in the Morning it was discovered, the Enemy
+had been throwing up some Fascine Works on the Ramparts; however as
+they had not moved away any Rubbish from the Breach, it was resolved
+this Evening to attack it by Storm[_R_], and accordingly soon after
+Sun-set a Body of Troops marched up and mounted the Breach
+undiscovered, and quietly took Possession of the Castle, the Enemy
+flying out at the Gate so soon as they saw the Troops on the Ramparts,
+and heard their Huzza's. Those aboard their Ships were in the utmost
+Consternation at such a sudden and successful Event, and with all
+precipitate Surprize betook themselves to their Boats, setting Fire to
+one of their Ships, and sinking two others. At the same time the Attack
+was to be made on the Castle, (in order to divide the Enemy's Forces)
+the Admiral had given Orders for the Attack of the Castle of _St.
+Joseph_ by Boats, and sent them away under the Command of Captain
+_Knowles_, who took Possession of it about ten a Clock at Night, the
+Enemy abandoning it after firing some Guns: The Boats afterwards went
+and took Possession of the _Galicia_, the _Spanish_ Admiral's Ship, and
+then went to Work on cutting the Boom[_S_], and moving the _Galicia_
+out of the Channel; and next Morning the Admiral in the _Princess
+Caroline_, the _Worcester_, and some other Ships sailed into the
+Harbour of _Carthagena_, and the whole Fleet and Transports continued
+to sail and warp in as fast as conveniently they could. The Enemy
+seeing the Admiral and several Ships got into the Harbour, began to
+expect a Visit at _Castillo Grande_ soon, and as _Mancinilla_ Fort lay
+opposite to it within Gun-shot, and was not capable of making any great
+Defence, they thought proper to destroy it, lest we should take
+Possession of it, and so batter the Castle. On the 28th the Admiral
+being informed of two small Batteries that guarded the _Passa
+Cavallos_[_T_], sent the _Weymouth_ and _Cruiser_ Sloop to demolish
+them, and take all the Imbarkations and Canoes that were there; and
+disposed the Fire-ships and small Frigates round the Harbour, to guard
+every Pass and Creek, in order to cut off any Supplies going to the
+Town. On the 30th the Rear-Admiral and several Ships turned up the
+Harbour, and anchored a small Distance from _Castillo Grande_, where
+the Enemy made a Shew of preparing to receive them;[_V_] and in order
+to stop the Fleet here, had sunk seven Ships across the Channel, and
+moored two of their Men of War, the _Conquestodore_ of sixty six Guns,
+and the _Dragon_ of sixty. The 31st early in the Morning, Captain
+_Knowles_ observed the enemy's two Men of War sunk, and not perceiving
+any Men in the Castle went and acquainted Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, that it
+was his Opinion the Enemy had abandoned _Castillo Grande_, who
+immediately ordered him to weigh Anchor, and run in with his Ship, and
+fire on it, which he did; and the Castle making no return, he sent his
+Boats ashore, and took Possession of it, and hoisted the _English_
+Flag: And on the Admiral's receiving Intelligence, he ordered a proper
+Number of Forces to garison it[_W_]. The next Day Captain _Griffin_,
+and Captain _Rentone_, were sent to see if it was possible to get past
+the Enemy's Ships they had sunk, and finding the _Conquestodore_'s
+Stern afloat, the _Burford_ warped up, and cut the Stern Moorings, and
+hove her round, which opened a fair Channel, and the Bomb-Ketches, and
+two twenty Gun Ships went through. By this Time the Admiral, and
+greatest Part of the Squadron, were come up the Harbour. Mr. _Lestock_
+and his Division was left at _Boccachica_, with Orders to reimbark the
+Forces, and Cannon as fast as possible. The second in the Morning the
+Bomb-Ketches began to play on the Town, and some of the Guns of
+_Castillo Grande_, that were cleared, fired on a _French_ Ship that lay
+up at the Head of the Harbour[_X_], upon which the Enemy set fire to
+her, and she burned the greatest Part of the Day. Next Day the
+_Weymouth_ getting through the Channel, the Town began to fire on her,
+but without doing any material Damage. Great Part of the Transports
+with the Troops being now come up the Harbour, this Night the
+_Weymouth_, the three Fire-ships, and the _Cruiser_ Sloop, being
+designed by the Admiral to cover the landing of the Forces, warped over
+on the other Side the Harbour undiscovered by the Enemy, who in the
+Morning, to shew their Resentment, gave them a Salvo of what Cannon
+fronted that Way; (but firing through the Bushes did no Execution) the
+_Cruiser_ Sloop drawing but little Water, warped up a Creek, and a
+Party of the Enemy from a Breast-work they had thrown up, fired smartly
+on her with their Musketry, but were quickly dislodged, a brisk fire,
+chiefly with Grape Shot, having been kept all Night to scour the Woods.
+About 5 o'Clock next Morning, being the 5th, the Forces were
+landed[_Y_], and in their marching up from the Waterside had a small
+Skirmish with some of the Enemy's Troops that had made a Lodgment in
+the Woods, whom they soon put to Flight; and about a Mile further were
+attacked a second Time, but the Enemy as soon shewed their Backs again.
+Finding the Country open hereabouts, the Army did not chuse to make any
+further Advances, so they pitched on a Place for encamping, and the
+Evening sent a Party up to _La Papa_ to take Possession of that, if the
+Enemy had abandoned it[_Z_]. In the mean while all possible Dispatch
+was made in landing the Baggage, Provision, Cannon, Ammunition,
+_&c._[_A_] which the Enemy surprisingly suffered, notwithstanding the
+landing Place was within reach of the Guns of _St. Lazare_; yet they
+fired but seldom, for it appeared afterwards their Attention was more
+towards their own Safety, (or 'tis certain they might have done a great
+deal of Mischief;) for whilst the Army were employed, and getting their
+things ashore, the Enemy were as busy in making a Fascine Battery of
+four Pieces of Cannon on the Brow of the Hill, and carrying on a Trench
+(or Line) round the Foot of the Castle, which they completed in a very
+short Time[_B_], quicker than the Army could make a Battery only for
+three Mortars, and throw up a small Breast-work for their Advance
+Guards. But no Care was yet taken to cut off the Communication between
+Town and Country[_C_]. Complaints now began to be made, that the Number
+of Sick was greatly increased in the Camp; upon which the Admiral
+immediately supplied them with a Detachment of Lord _James Cavendish_
+and Colonel _Bland_'s Regiments, that had remained aboard the Ships as
+part of their Compliments, and a Body of such _Americans_ as were fit
+for Duty[_D_]. Upon this Reinforcement, and the Apprehensions of the
+rainy Seasons, which were daily expected, on the eighth in the
+Afternoon a Land Council of War was held [_E_], wherein it was resolved
+to attack the Castle and Trenches of _St. Lazare_, (without first
+raising a Battery to make a Breach) and to this Resolution the Engineer
+joined in Opinion[_F_]. Accordingly on the ninth in the Morning between
+three and four o'Clock the Attack was made, and maintained very
+resolutely on both Sides till between six and seven, when the Enemy
+obliged the Forces to retreat after a considerable Loss of Officers and
+Men[_G_]. After the Miscarriage of this Scheme (which was the occasion
+of the Town's not being taken) the Army sickened surprisingly fast, and
+those that were killed being esteemed the Flower of the Flock, the
+General declared he was no longer in a Condition to defend himself,
+much more to carry on a Siege against the Place, and hoped, if the
+Admiral (who had ordered the _Weymouth_ to erect a Bomb-Battery, which
+was finished and played in two Days) expected any Thing to be done, he
+would order some Ships in to cannonade the Town[_H_], otherwise desired
+these Things might be considered in a general Council of War, of Sea
+and Land Officers, and accordingly on the 15th a Council of War was
+held, who came to a Resolution (upon the General's Representation of
+the bad State of the Army)[_I_], to have the Cannon and Forces
+reimbarked with all convenient Speed, and the 17th in the Night the
+Troops were accordingly[_K_] taken off the Shore.
+
+Nothing remained now but to get the Fleet and Transports ready for Sea,
+and to demolish the Castles and Fortifications already taken, which
+last was effectually done by blowing them up, and by the 12th of _May_
+the whole Fleet and Forces had taken leave of _Carthagena_.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+In order more fully and clearly to form a Judgment of the foregoing
+Expedition, it may not be improper to subjoin this Narrative of the
+Enemy's Situation, Strength, and Disposition at _Carthagena_, as the
+Fleet and Forces found them on their Arrival there: And in order to
+carry it on agreeable to the Advances that were made, begin with a
+_Disposition_ of _Punta Canoa_ Bay, where the Fleet first anchored.
+This Bay is about five Miles to the North West of the City of
+_Carthagena_, but not an extraordinary good anchoring Place, as the
+Water is shoal a great Way off the Shore, and the Coast pretty strait,
+that Ships are not much sheltered with the Point of Land, from the
+Violence of the Breezes that generally blow. In the Bottom of this Bay
+is an Entrance into the great Lake of _Jesea_, (called the _Boquilla_)
+where the Enemy had a small Fascine Battery of four Pieces of Cannon,
+and kept a Guard; but upon the Fleet's Arrival, (and during the Time
+they continued to lie there) a considerable Number of the Enemy's
+Forces, both Horse and Foot, kept constantly there, expecting a
+Descent. The next Place of Note was the _Cruizes_, where the Enemy kept
+a Guard ordinarily of a hundred Men: This Place is about half Way from
+the _Boquilla_ to the Town, and guards a narrow Creek or Pass from the
+Town to the Lake, called _Passa de Juan D'Ingola_, through which
+Supplies come in Canoes from the other Side of the Lake to the Town: As
+for the City itself, Nature has fortified that against any Attempt by
+Sea, the Water shoaling near a League off, and the Shore being
+plentifully bounded with Rocks; besides, the Sea is very seldom smooth,
+so that it is difficult at all Times landing. However, as the Enemy
+knew the Bravery of those they had to deal with, they began to wall
+this Side of the Town, and make a Ravelin in the Middle, there being
+already a strong Bastion at each End. _Bocca Grande_ being the next
+Place the Enemy suspected an Attempt might be designed, had posted two
+of their Men of War, the _Conquestodore_ of sixty six Guns, and the
+_Dragon_ of sixty to guard it, and began two Fascine Batteries, one on
+each Point of the Entrance. This Passage, called _Bocca Grande_, was
+formerly the principal Entrance into the Harbour, but by Storms, and
+the Force of the Sea, a Bank was thrown up, which quite closed the
+Entrance, and then it was called _Bocca Serrada_; but as strange
+Revolutions are frequent in these Countries, within these few Years
+this Passage has broke out again, and there is now nine or ten Foot
+Water in it. About three Miles below this, on the Island of _Terra
+Bomba_, was a small Fort of four Guns, called _Battery de Chamba_; and
+half a Mile further, a Fascine Battery of twelve Guns, (both of these
+the Enemy had abandoned.) The next Places of Defence were the Forts of
+_St. Philip_ and _St. Jago_, one of seven Guns, the other of fifteen,
+which served as Redoubts to the Castle of _Boccachica_. One of these
+Forts was built on the Rock _Ponti_ landed on, and probably to prevent
+any one's landing there again, (especially so easily as he did.) The
+Castle of _Boccachica_ was the Enemy's chief Dependance, as it guarded
+the Entrance into the Harbour. It is a regular Square, with four
+Bastions well built, and was capable of making a stout Defence if well
+garisoned, and would have been much stronger had the Glacis and
+Counterscarp been finished. There was mounted in it eighty two Guns,
+and three Mortars, and the Enemy had cleared three or four hundred
+Yards of the Woods round it, to prevent Approaches being made
+undiscovered, (as _Ponti_ did in 1697.) On the other Side the Harbour's
+Mouth was a Fascine Battery of fifteen Guns, called the _Barradera_;
+and in a small Bay a back of that, another Battery of four Guns; and
+facing the Entrance of the Harbour, on a small flat Island, stood _St.
+Joseph_'s Fort of twenty one Guns: From this Fort to _Boccachica_
+Castle a Boom and Cables were fixed across, fastened with three large
+Anchors at each End; and just within the Boom was moored in a Line four
+Men of War, the _Galicia_ of sixty six Guns, (aboard which was the
+Admiral Don _Blass D'Leso_,) the _Africa_ and _St. Carlos_, each of
+sixty six Guns, and the _St. Philip_ of seventy Guns, which spread the
+Width of the Harbour's Mouth, that there was not room for a Ship either
+to pass a head or a stern of them, so that it was impossible for
+shipping to force an Entrance into the Harbour; and had the Enemy here
+made a Defence equal to the admirable Disposition they had formed, it
+must have been a difficult Task for the Fleet to have got in, even
+after _Boccachica_ Castle was taken. About four or five Miles from
+hence is a Creek, or Passage, that parts the Grand _Baru_ from the Main
+called _Passa Cavallos_, through which there is Water enough for small
+Vessels: This Pass the Enemy had defended with two Fascine Batteries,
+one of eight Guns, the other of four, as well to protect their own
+Imbarkations that come this Way with Provisions from _Tolu_, and the
+River _Sina_, as to prevent any Attempts being made this Way. The next
+place of Defence was _Castillo Grande_, which is about eight Miles up
+the Harbour. This Castle is a regular Square with four Bastions, strong
+and well built, and defended to the Land by a wet Ditch and Glacis
+proper, and one Face towards the Sea has a Raveline, and a double Line
+of Guns. This Castle can mount sixty one Guns, though there was but
+fifty seven in it. Opposite to this was a Horse-shoe Battery of twelve
+Guns, called _Mancinilla_; and in the Middle between these two Forts is
+a large Shoal with not above two or three Foot Water on it, which
+divides the Channel into two: In each of these Passages were Ships sunk
+across, to prevent, if possible, the Fleet's getting by; for that Part
+of the Harbour above these Castles is a perfect Bason, and seems rather
+like one Harbour within another, so that if some of the Ships could not
+have got past to have covered the Troops landing (where they did) they
+must have marched several Miles, and been greatly exposed; besides, it
+would have been excessively difficult transporting the Cannon, neither
+could the Bomb-Ketches have got near enough this Way to have diverted
+the Town; so that the Intent of this Disposition was exceeding good,
+had it been effectually executed, (but Fear made the Enemy work in too
+much Hurry.) Near three Miles further up the Harbour, on two flat sandy
+Islands, or Keys, stands the famous City of _Carthagena_, and _Himani_,
+called its Suburbs, which are both irregular Figures, but well
+fortified to the Land with strong Bastions at proper Distances, and
+Lakes and Morasses running round them; and the Water at the Head of the
+Harbour shoal so far off, that Ships cannot come near enough to do any
+material Execution with their Guns, which adds much to its Strength.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+About a Quarter of a Mile from the Gate of _Himani_, on a pretty high
+Eminence, stands the Castle (or Redoubt) of _St. Lazare_, which in
+itself is but trifling, but its Situation very advantageous, and by
+some new Works lately thrown up much strengthened. This Redoubt
+overlooks all the Town, but has a Brow of a Hill (about four hundred
+Yards from it) that overlooks it as much, and entirely commands it,
+where would have been a proper Place to have raised a Battery, which
+the Enemy full well knew, for they constantly kept a Guard there, to
+observe the Army's Motions. As it was this famous Castle put an End to
+the Siege of _Carthagena_, a particular Description of it may not be
+unwelcome.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+The Hill it stands on is about fifty or sixty Foot high, naturally
+steep, but made more so by the Earth out of the Trenches and Lines
+being thrown over the Brow. The Castle is a Square of about fifty Foot,
+with three Demi-Bastions, two Guns in each Face, one in each Flank, and
+three in each Curtain. When the Army first landed, there was no
+material Works about the Castle, but a Fascine Battery, of five Guns at
+the North End of the Hill, facing the Brow of the commanding Hill
+abovementioned; but whilst they were encamping, _&c._ the Enemy cut
+Lines round the Foot of the Castle, and erected another Fascine-Battery
+on the South Brow of the Hill, and brought four Guns out of the North
+Battery, and mounted in this, as it commanded the Ascent of the Hill
+best; these Lines ran in Traverses, and communicated from Battery to
+Battery, and were a better Defence, and much stronger, than all the
+other Works together. After the Attack, the Enemy being able to judge
+where their Foible lay, mounted two Guns in the Lines, against the
+angular Point of one of the Bastions (which was not defended) where the
+Troops ascended the Hill, and to the South Part of the Hill lengthened
+their Lines, and made a Stair-case up the Hill, to the Fascine-Battery,
+and a Breast-work cross the Road, from the Foot of the Hill down to the
+Water-side, which effectually blocked themselves up, and was a Security
+against the Army's making a second Attack, and coming at them the right
+Way, as they might have done at first, had they taken the Guide's
+Advice. The Side next the Town is quite defenceless, and the Way into
+the Castle up a Ladder, on that Side, which draws up, like a Bridge.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+From the several Examinations of Deserters it appeared, the Number of
+the Enemy did not exceed four thousand, (regular Forces, Seamen,
+Militia, Blacks, and Indians included) and daily Experience convinced
+us of the Goodness of their Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gunners, as
+Desertion and Cowardice convinced us of the Badness of others.
+
+Having given an Account of the Enemy's Situation and Strength, it may
+likewise be necessary to relate some Account of the State of the Army,
+and what pretty Instruments and Materials they were furnished withal.
+That the whole Body of the Troops, that came from _England_ (unless two
+Regiments) were raw, new raised, undisciplined Men, is a Fact known to
+every one; and the greatest Part of the Officers commanding them,
+either young Gentlemen whose Quality or Interest entitled them to
+Preferment, or abandoned Wretches of the Town, whose Prostitution had
+made them useful on some dirty Occasion, and by Way of Reward were
+provided for in the Army; but both these Sorts of Gentlemen had never
+seen any Services, consequently, knew not properly how to act, or
+command; so that the worthy old experienced Officers, who had served
+long and well, underwent a continual Hardship, in teaching and
+disciplining a young raw Army, at a Time when they were on Service, and
+every one ought to have been Masters of their Trade, instead of having
+it to learn; and thus, by more frequently exposing themselves, most of
+them were knocked on the Head. As for the _American_ Troops, they were
+in general many Degrees worse, but the Officers in particular, who were
+composed of Blacksmiths, Taylors, Shoemakers, and all the Banditti that
+Country affords, insomuch, that the other Parts of the Army held them
+in scorn. And for Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gunners, worse never bore
+the Name, or could be picked out of all _Europe_.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+Amongst the ten Engineers, there was but one who ever saw a Siege (and
+that was the simple Siege of _Gibraltar_) and he was killed at
+_Boccachica_, in the midst of his own defenceless Works; so that the
+rest may justly have been said to be left without a Head. As for the
+Bombardiers and Gunners, the Colonel commanding the Train was in his
+grand Climacterick, and consequently very unfit to be sent upon this
+Expedition; but he, poor Gentleman, was soon dispatched (thanks to the
+Ignorance of the Engineers) and his Successor took care to render
+himself as unfit for Duty, by Excess of Drinking, as Old Age rendered
+the other; and as to Inferiors of both Sorts, Bombardiers and
+Cannoneers, many of them were Country Fellows, who told the General
+they were provided for in the Train for voting for Mr. ---- and Mr.
+such a one, _&c._ Out of these few that were good, by constant
+Attendance and Duty's falling hard few were left, and indeed they had
+not many Opportunities of shewing their Abilities, the Materials they
+were provided withal being mostly bad; for two thirds of the
+Bomb-Shells either broke short in the Air, or their Fusees went out,
+and they never broke at all; nor were there one in three of the
+Grenadoes would burst; the Shells were so thick, and the Cavity so
+small, they would not hold Powder sufficient to crack them; nay, so
+little Care was taken in providing and packing up proper Materials for
+a Train of Artillery, that out of eight Pieces of
+Battering-Cannon-Principals, one was found defective and unserviceable,
+and the Expedition had like to have set forward, without a Plank or
+Joist for Platforms for the Guns, or any Bill-Hooks to cut Fascines and
+clear the Ground, had not Lord _Cathcart_ been informed these Things
+were wanting, and wrote timely to have them supplied before the Fleet
+sailed, which lay then at _St. Hellens_.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+Upon the whole, the Service that has been performed best demonstrates
+the Goodness of this Army: How much it has suffered, as well as the
+Reputation of the Nation, by the Death of Lord _Cathcart_, the End of
+the Expedition must resolve.
+
+Thus much may be said in Behalf of the common Soldiers, though they
+were raw and undisciplined, they wanted not for Courage and Resolution
+becoming _Englishmen_.
+
+_FINIS._
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+Footnotes
+
+
+[_A_] When Captain _Dandridge_, of the _Wolf_, came into the Fleet, he
+acquainted the Admiral, that the Marquis _D'Antin_ and twelve Ships of
+War were then in _Port Louis_, which was the Reason the Admiral pursued
+his Course up to the Isle of _Vache_, where when the Fleet arrived, a
+_French_ Officer coming on board the _Weymouth_, told, the Marquis
+_D'Antin_ was gone Home: Upon the Admiral's being informed of this, he
+sent Captain _Knowles_ up in the _Spence_ Sloop to reconnoitre, who
+returned with Answer, that there was but one Ship of War in _Port
+Louis_, and that the rest were all light Merchant Ships; however the
+Admiral chose to be more certain, and having an Opportunity of sending
+an Answer to the _French_ Officer's Message, the next Day sent Captain
+_Knowles_ and Captain _Boscawen_ ashore to the Governor, who being
+politely received, and satisfied with their Remarks, returned in the
+Evening to the Admiral, and confirmed the foregoing Observation, who,
+without loss of Time, carried the Fleet where they could best and
+speediest be watered.
+
+[_B_] This Success was obtained by the Loss only of six Men aboard the
+_Norfolk_ and _Russell_, but the _Shrewsbury_'s Cable being shot
+(before her other Anchor could be veered aground) she met with worse
+Luck: She drove so far as to open the whole Fire of the Castle of
+_Boccachica_, four of the Enemy's Ships of sixty and seventy Guns, that
+were moored athwart the Harbour's Mouth, the Battery of St. _Joseph_,
+and two Fascine Batteries, that were on the _Barradera_ Side; all this
+Fire she lay singly exposed to till dark, when she took the Benefit of
+the Land-Wind, and ran off, being greatly shattered in her Hull, Masts,
+and Rigging, and a great many Men killed and wounded.
+
+[_C_] It was a Body of eight hundred Grenadiers that first landed, who,
+during the Time that more Troops were sent for (which was upwards of
+two Hours before they came) were kept in the Boats, within twenty Yards
+of the Shore, and so closely crouded, scarce one Man could have used
+his Arms, that had they had any Enemy to have dealt with, but dastardly
+_Spaniards_, they must and would have been cut all to pieces.
+
+[_D_] During the first three Days the Troops were ashore, they were
+employed in no one Thing, no not so much as to clear the Ground for
+their Encampment, but kept under Arms Night and Day (where, by the Heat
+of the Sun, on a white burning Sand, they were scorched to Death, and
+by the Inclemency of the Dews in the Night, they got Colds, so that
+many of them fell sick) whereas had they been instantly employed to
+have encamped and opened Ground in the Woods for that Purpose, they
+would have been shaded by the Trees, freed from the burning Heat of the
+Sand, and many of them preserved from the Enemy's Shot, that missed our
+Battery.
+
+[_E_] In the first Place it must be observed, that there never was
+Application made what particular Ordnance, Stores, _&c._ to land, or
+any Scheme formed what Sort of Cannon might be necessary, or what
+Quantity of Stores wanting, but the whole was landed, and a
+considerable Part lost by being washed off the Beach by the Sea, and
+several Carriages broke to pieces by the Enemy's Shot, and the rest
+left in Heaps in the utmost Confusion; notwithstanding there were near
+five hundred Seamen appointed for this Purpose; but those Officers,
+whose Business it was to have formed an Artillery Park (though God
+knows they called this so) and disposed of the Stores in a regular
+Manner and Order, were----
+
+[_F_] Such was the Knowledge of the Sub-Engineers, that not one of them
+knew where to chuse out a Spot of Ground for raising a Battery, neither
+had they prepared Fascines, Pickets, or any Materials, till their
+Principal arrived (and after he had pitched on a Place, he made a
+Demand of thirty thousand Fascines of twelve Foot long, twenty thousand
+of nine Foot long, and forty thousand Pickets, whereas one thousand
+five hundred Fascines built the Battery) who, _Vauban_ like, would not
+begin to work, till all his Materials were on the Spot; and then, with
+five hundred Seamen, two or three hundred Blacks, and as many Soldiers
+as the General could spare for Pioneers, he was ten Days erecting a
+Battery; and when it was done, it was parallel to neither Face nor
+Curtain of the Fortification, and the Breach was made in the angular
+Point of the Bastion, neither was there any safe Communication with it,
+for no Trench was ever cut, or proposed, only a Path through the Woods,
+and that almost in a strait Line; so that every Shot enfiladed it, and
+killed twenty times the Number of Men going to and from the Battery,
+that were killed every where else during the Siege; nor would the
+Engineer be prevailed on (any more than the General) to cut off the
+Communication from the Town to _Boccachica_ (by which they might have
+prevented the Enemy from receiving any Succours by Land, seen all their
+Motions in the Harbour, and hindered any Incursions from the Castle)
+notwithstanding the Admiral frequently solicited the General and wrote
+to him to have it done.
+
+[_G_] This Thing, called a Bomb-Battery, was also a Mark of the Genius
+and Understanding of the Engineers. It was a Platform, laid behind a
+small rising Rock, open on all Sides, no Communication to it, either by
+Trench, Epaulment, or any Security whatsoever, that the Enemy saw every
+Man (from the Castle) that went in, or out, as they were obliged to
+pass over high Ground, to come at the Battery, and then it lay quite
+exposed to the _Barradera_ Battery; so that the Shot fired from thence
+passed in at one End, and out at the other; and if they did no
+Execution there, were sure to do some in the Camp. And as to the
+Usefulness of it, and the Service that was performed by the excellent
+bombardiers, every idle Spectator was a Judge; though it was oftentimes
+observed, by Order, that not six Shells out of forty had done
+Execution, and that, on the contrary, scarce one of forty of the
+Enemy's ever missed.
+
+[_H_] The Camp (it has been observed before) was pitched on a low Sand,
+but being sheltered (as a direct Object) from the _Barradera_ Battery,
+by the Rock that _St. Philip_ stood on, could not be seen, but lying in
+the Line of Direction of the Shot fired from thence, at the famous
+Bomb-Battery, was sure to be flanked by every Shot, which missed that,
+and though it might be prudent to try Movings, on this Occasion, yet it
+was a bad Example to the Soldiers, especially when the Chiefs moved off
+first, and the Thing was done without regular and publick Orders;
+besides the Time it took up at that Conjuncture (when more material
+Works were in Hand, and the Army lessening every Day by Sickness, which
+was not to be regained.) Whereas had the Encampment been formed at
+first, a few Yards up in the Woods, none of the Enemy's Guns could have
+been brought to bear on it, nor indeed would they have been able to
+have discovered where it was; besides the great Advantage of Men's
+being cool, and particularly after working; but, as it was placed,
+instead of a cool Retreat, to retire to Rest, after being heated by the
+warm Labour, their Tents were a hotter.
+
+[_I_] The following Captains were also ordered upon this Expedition,
+vix. Capt. _Watson_, _Coates_, _Lawrence_, _Coleby_, and _Laws_, and
+all the Barges and Pinnaces of the Fleet. They went away from their
+Ships about Midnight, and rowed pretty far to Leeward, to avoid being
+seen, or the Noise of their Oars heard, and proposed landing in a small
+sandy Bay, behind the _Barradera_ Battery, into which was a narrow
+Channel, between two Reefs of Rocks, and a four Gun Battery on the
+Strand, facing the Channel (both unknown to every Person there) which,
+so soon as some of the Boats had got into the Channel, began to fire on
+them; but the brave Tars landed, and rushed in at the Embrazures, and
+took Possession of the Battery, before the Enemy could fire a second
+Time. This firing alarmed the _Barradera_ Battery, and the Enemy turned
+three Pieces of Canon on the Platform, which they fired with Grape
+Shot, so soon as the Seamen advanced; but notwithstanding that, and the
+Difficulties and Badness of the Road (which was through a Morass, and
+where but one Man could walk abreast, and full of Stumps of Mangroves
+each a Foot or more high, the Seamen attacked it; and, after a smart
+though short Resistance, carried it, took nine Prisoners, spiked up
+fifteen Guns (from eighteen to twenty four Pounders) burned the
+Carriages, Platforms, Guard-houses, and Magazine; and it may with
+Justice be allowed (from the many Difficulties that attended this
+Action, in Regard to the advantageous Situation of the _Barradera_
+Battery, the Boats being surprised with a four Gun Battery, just as
+they were going to land, and no Person acquainted with the Place) as
+bold and surprising an Enterprise, as is to be met with; and the
+Consternation it put the Enemy in seems to confirm this Opinion; for
+although _Boccachica_ Castle, and the Enemy's four Ships, were not more
+than Musket Shot off, yet neither they, nor _St. Joseph_'s (which was
+still nearer) ever fired a Shot. So that it seems as if they could not
+believe the Thing, though they saw all in Flames. For this gallant
+Action the Admiral rewarded every common Man with a Dollar apiece.
+
+[_K_] The Success of this Action may be said to have given the Army
+both Spirits and Pleasure (_pro tempore_) as it freed them from the
+greatest Annoyance of their Camp, and gave them an Opportunity of
+working quietly on their Battery.
+
+[_L_] Because the Enemy made such quick Dispatch in repairing some Part
+of the _Barradera_ Battery, mounting and firing some Pieces again, the
+Army began to reflect, and say, the Battery was not effectually
+destroyed, though hundreds of Men were seen constantly at work, and
+Boats with Cannon, Stores, and Fascines, passing and repassing hourly,
+both from _Boccachica_ and the Ships: But the Truth was, the Army was
+not accustomed to work in that brisk Manner: No! Working was no Part of
+their Trade. However, when the sixty Gun Ship went in against the
+Battery, that the Enemy was obliged to bring their Guns to fire at her,
+the Army cooled in their Resentments, and all was well, while the Enemy
+was quiet.
+
+[_M_] This grand Affair having taken up near a Fortnight in raising,
+and many more Men employed to work, than was necessary (for there were
+five hundred Seamen, between two and three hundred Blacks, besides as
+many Pioneers as could be spared out of the Army) much Execution may be
+expected therefrom: But alas! the Engineers would by no Means outdo
+themselves; the Battery was constructed in a Wood! and no more Ground
+was cleared, than a Space necessary for so stupendous a Building (lest
+the Enemy should see the Army!). For so great Caution was used, that
+before the Wood in the Front of the Battery was cut down, it was a
+Doubt, whether any Guns could be brought to bear on the Castle; and as
+it was, no Guns could be brought to play on the Enemy's Shipping,
+although it was expected they would instantly fire on the Battery, and
+be capable of doing it the greatest Damage; (which they did) and had
+not an Epaulment been thrown up at the East End, every Shot from the
+Ships must have raked the Battery, and destroyed Numbers of Men. The
+Army allowed the Tars behaved gallantly; for it must be remarked, they
+had Seamen to fight the Guns in the Battery, as well as help to build
+it. Whether the Engineers proposed to batter the angular Point of the
+Bastion in Breach is Matter of Doubt, at the first laying out of their
+Battery; (but infinite Reasons may be assigned for the Absurdity,
+besides that great one, of having the Fire of two Flanks to destroy,
+instead of one) however it is generally believed, it was Hap-hazard;
+for the most impartial Judges in the Navy and Army agree, if the Enemy
+had cut down eighty or an hundred Paces of the Woods further round the
+Castle, the Undertaking would have been so difficult, as to have
+shocked the Science of all the Engineers, if not quite disheartened
+them, from so daring an Enterprise.
+
+[_N_] The Position the Enemy had lain their Ships in, was beyond all
+Doubt the most advantageous, could be formed by Man; both for opposing
+any Attempt, that might be made by Shipping on the Entrance into the
+Harbour; or annoy any Battery, that could be raised ashore; and as they
+found no Battery against them, they failed not to play as briskly (as
+_Spaniards_ will do when there is no body to hurt them) and did ten
+times more Damage than the Castle.
+
+[_O_] These Ships were ordered to cannonade purely to oblige the
+General, who, because the Enemy's Ships fired at his Battery, desired
+the Admiral would send Ships to cannonade the Castle, though there was
+a Battery of twenty Guns to fire against five or six (for that was all
+the Castle could bring to bear on the Battery) so they had their Masts
+and Yards shot to pieces, and Numbers of Men killed and wounded,
+without doing any other Damage than beating down the Rubbish; (which
+the Battery would have done in half the Time, as being twice as near)
+for they could not come to hurt the Enemy's Ships, nor did it divert
+their Ships from firing at the Battery.
+
+[_P_] So soon as the Enemy saw the Boats coming to Land, and these
+Ships come to an Anchor close to the Battery, they deserted it, and
+spiked up the Guns; but Captain _Watson_, and Captain _Coates_ marched
+into it, and ripped up the Platforms, burned them and the Carriages,
+and effectually demolished the Battery: The Enemy fired at them from
+their Shipping, but with-out much Damage.
+
+[_Q_] It may be remarked as something extraordinary, that although the
+Army thought the Breach just practicable, they should entirely cease
+firing, the Night before they intended the Attack; as it is a sort of
+an established Rule in all regular Sieges, to keep firing in the Night,
+to prevent the Enemy's removing the Rubbish, that is beat down in the
+Day, which the Enemy would certainly have done, if they had been
+sufficiently strong; for they began that Night a Counter-Battery of
+Fascines on the Ramparts, in order to have disputed it longer, which if
+they had had Time to have finished, and Numbers to have carried on both
+Works together, (_viz._) moving the Rubbish from the Foot of the
+Breach, and compleating these Counter-Batteries, they would have
+rendered the Attack as difficult as from the Beginning.
+
+[_R_] The Army having sent in the Night to reconnoitre the Breach, and
+judging it surmountable, resolved this Evening to attack it, and after
+having made their necessary Dispositions, sent off to acquaint the
+Admiral with their Design, and that so soon as three Shells should be
+thrown in the Evening by way of Signal, the Battery should begin to
+fire warmly, till the Soldiers were almost at the Foot of the Breach,
+and then to cease, and they rush in, which had the desired Effect; for
+on the Battery's playing, the Enemy retired off their Ramparts, except
+only one Centinel, and he hid himself behind some Fascines; that the
+Troops mounted the Breach undiscovered, and were actually huzzaing on
+the Ramparts, and hoisting the _English_ Flag, before the Enemy were
+apprised of them; who made the best of their Way out of their Castle
+Gate, excepting two, who were taken Prisoners; so that there was not a
+Musket fired in Opposition, nor a Gun from any of the Enemy's Ships,
+which is both astonishing and remarkable, as their Broadsides lay to
+the Castle, and the Admiral (Don _Blass_) was aboard. But such was the
+Panick they were in, that happy was he that could get first into a Boat
+to save himself: (and the Don did not look behind him). Each Ship was
+scuttled ready for sinking, and had a large square Plug in the Hole;
+but the _St. Philip_'s People not readily getting them out, set fire to
+her; the _Africa_ and _St. Carlos_ were sunk, as it was intended the
+_Galicia_ should also, in order to prevent any Ship's getting through
+the Channel, which (had the Scheme been effected) would have rendered
+it difficult to pass, if practicable at all, without weighing some one
+or other of the Ships. This Victory (it will readily be allowed) gave
+the Army a great Share of Spirits, as it freed them from Hardships
+(modern Gentlemen Soldiers are not used to) and gave them Possession of
+an Island (as well as the Castle) in which the Enemy could not come to
+disturb them, especially while they had got a Fleet of Ships of War to
+attend on them; for, to their great Glory be it spoken, they could not
+venture to move along Shore without Men of War to attend on them, as
+they marched, and the constant Cry was, _Why don't you come to our
+Assistance?_ Nay, so great a Liking had they to the Sea, that they
+could not find their Way into the Castle, after the Breach was made,
+without a Sea Pilot to conduct them; and what is worth Notice is, he
+was a _Spaniard_, and a Prisoner; but the General imagined, he might be
+as good a Pilot by Land, as by Sea, and so sent to the Admiral, to
+desire he might shew the Troops the Way into the Castle.
+
+[_S_] The Admiral's Scheme for Attacking _St. Joseph_'s had drawn all
+the Attention of the Enemy that Way; for so soon as they saw the Boats
+going to Land, their Ships began to fire pretty briskly, and _St.
+Joseph_'s Battery fired also; but as the Bushes prevented their seeing
+the Men, they did but little Harm. The Enemy sent several large Boats
+full of Men from their Ships into the Battery, which is pretty plain
+they did not expect _Boccachica_ would have been attacked at that Time,
+or consequently they would not have sent them there. (Wherefore it is
+evident, this Scheme facilitated the Army's becoming Masters of
+_Boccachica_, and put an End to the Dispute sooner than was expected,
+or could possibly have happened, had any Nation but pusillanimous
+_Spaniards_ had the Defence of it; for had the Place been defended
+equal to its Strength and excellent Disposition, both of the Ships and
+Batteries, it would have been a difficult Task for the Fleet and Army
+both to have rendered themselves Masters of it.) But so soon as they
+saw the Castle taken, they made the best of their Way off, in what
+Boats they could get, and abandoned St. _Joseph_'s likewise, leaving
+only one drunken Man behind (who was to have blown it up) so soon as
+the Boats had got Possession. Captain _Coates_ was left to command this
+Fort, and the Captains _Knowles_ and _Watson_ went aboard the
+_Galicia_, where they found the Captain of her, and about sixty Men,
+whom they took Prisoners, and carried aboard of the Admiral, the rest
+of the Crew having run away with the Boats, and prevented their
+escaping and sinking their Ship, as was intended.
+
+[_T_] _Passa Cavallos_ is a Creek, that parts the grand _Baru_ from the
+Main, through which the Supplies of Provisions that come from _Tolu_
+and _Sina_ must pass; and here the Enemy had erected two small
+Batteries, one of four Guns, the other of eight, which were demolished
+by the _Weymouth_ and _Cruiser_. The latter was sent up the Creek, to
+bring away five or six _Sina_ Hulks (Vessels so called, as being dug
+out of one solid Tree, and big enough ordinarily to carry twenty Tuns)
+that lay there, which were very useful to the Fleet in watering.
+
+[_V_] Between _Castillo Grande_ and _Mancinilla_ Fort is a large
+Channel, that goes up as it were into another Harbour or large Bason;
+in the Middle of the Channel is a Shoal, that divides it into two
+Channels; on each Side the Shoal the Enemy had moored Ships, and sunk
+them; and in the Channel next the Castle had moored two sixty Gun
+Ships, the _Conquestodore_ and _Dragon_, and untiled their Houses in
+the Castle, as if intended to defend it; but observing the Boats
+sounding, and well knowing how near the Ships could lay their
+Broadsides against it, they certainly judged right in abandoning it,
+and sinking their Ships, as they must have lost many Men in defending
+them, and those that had happened to have been left, after the Castle
+and Ships had been taken, must have submitted to have been Prisoners;
+for there was no Way of their escaping, either by Land or Water; and as
+their Numbers were not great, it was best collecting them in one Body,
+and at one Place, to make an Effort.
+
+[_W_] Though this Castle was capable of making a pretty good Defence,
+yet the above Reasons justify the Enemy in abandoning it. There was in
+the Castle fifty seven Guns, which the Enemy had spiked up, and the
+Powder they had thrown into the Cistern of Water, and spoiled, but most
+of the Guns were got clear again, and the Castle was garisoned with one
+hundred regular Troops, and about fifty Seamen.
+
+[_X_] This _French_ Ship had been supplying the Enemy with Ammunition,
+and had not had Time to get away, before the Place was invested; and
+during the Siege of _Boccachica_ Castle, had been used as an Hospital
+Ship, to receive the Enemy's wounded, and served to carry them to Town,
+or fetch Ammunition, or Stores, from the Castle, as Occasion required,
+and, to prevent her being destroyed by the _English_, the Enemy chose
+rather to burn her.
+
+[_Y_] All the Boats of the Fleet having been ordered to hold themselves
+in Readiness for landing the Forces, each respective Transport was to
+shew a Signal Light at Midnight, where the Boats went and received the
+several Regiments according as directed, and from thence went and
+rendezvoused aboard the _Weymouth_ till dawn of Day; and after her
+scouring the Woods briskly with Grape-Shot, _&c._ at half an Hour past
+four o'Clock in the Morning they were landed at a Place called
+_Gratia_, formerly a Country House hired by the _South-Sea_ Factors,
+and one _Mac Pherson_, who had also been in that Company's Service, and
+was well acquainted with the Country, was their Guide. But, as
+throughout the whole, Things were done without Order or Method, so they
+went on still; for notwithstanding the Army had been apprised of the
+Enemy's having made Lodgments along the Road, yet they landed without a
+Grenado Shell, or a Field-Piece, and were likewise told, the Road was
+even and able to sustain the Weight of the heaviest Cannon. However,
+Providence continued to favour them better than their own Prudence
+could have guided, and happily they were landed with the Loss only of
+one Man, and two or three wounded, although some Parties of the Enemy
+attacked them twice: At which Time the Ships proved of great Service,
+as they could see every Motion the Enemy made, and fired among them
+very successfully; for no sooner did they attempt to make a Stand and
+draw up, than the Shot dispersed them, and swept off Numbers; so that
+if the Army had vouchsafed to have pushed their Success, it is a
+general received Opinion (even amongst themselves now) they might have
+rendered themselves Masters of the Castle of _St. Lazare_ that Day
+(even without Field-Pieces) for the whole Force of the Town was out
+against them (as they were told by some Prisoners they took and some
+Deserters) and very impolitically divided into several Bodies; and in
+the Panick they were in, and each Party running different Ways, it
+would have been no difficult Task, to have rendered themselves Masters
+of that small Redoubt, if not succeeded in forcing the City Gates; for
+what had they to do, but to follow the Enemy close at their Heels, and
+slaughter them? Before they had got into the Town, the other must; for
+when they were mixed in a Body amongst their Enemy, the Town dared not
+venture to have fired, for fear of killing their own People; but
+instead of making Use of any of these Advantages, they contented
+themselves in taking Possession of the Ground the Enemy had left them
+Masters of, and there posted their Advanced Guards, and retired with
+the main Body behind _La Papa_ to encamp; and here almost as many Days
+were spent in forming an Encampment, as at _Boccachica_.
+
+[_Z_] _La Papa_ is a Convent, which stands on the Top of the highest
+Hill, near _Carthagena_, and was a most advantageous Part for observing
+the Enemy's Motions, as it overlooked the Town and Country for many
+Leagues round about.
+
+[_A_] Though it might have been expected from the Loss and Destruction
+of Ordnance Stores at _Boccachica_, more Care would have been taken
+here, yet, instead of that, the worthy Officer of the Train doubled his
+Neglect, and Things were in much more Disorder and Confusion than they
+were there, notwithstanding here was Choice of Ground to pitch upon for
+an Artillery Park; but it was too much Trouble and Labour to move the
+Stores from the Place where they were first put down in, at landing,
+and required more Attendance than could be spared from the Bottle (and
+it is a well known Proverb, _When the Shepherd's away, the Flock will
+stray_,) so that out of two or three hundred Men, that were appointed
+to attend this Service, it was well if thirty were found at Work.
+
+[_B_] When the Army landed, there were scarce any Works worth Notice
+round the Castle of _St. Lazare_, but a Fascine Battery of five Guns\
+on the North Side of the Hill (which was built the Year before, when
+Admiral _Vernan_ bombarded the Town) and was of no Service, but in Case
+of Approaches being made that Way. But as the Enemy saw the Army
+(disposed to Rest rather than Work) go on slowly, they took Occasion to
+improve their Time, and with unwearied Diligence set to Work, and in
+three Days Time completed a four Gun Battery, and entrenched themselves
+in Lines round about the Foot of the Castle, which were stronger, and
+of much more Importance, than the Castle itself, and drew those Guns
+off the Fascine Battery on the North Port, and mounted them in this new
+Battery, and saluted the Army frequently with them, whilst they were
+working on their Bomb-Battery and Lodgment for their Advanced Guards.
+
+[_C_] It has been remarked, that neither General nor Engineer could be
+prevailed on to cut off the Communication, notwithstanding the Admiral
+represented the Necessity thereof, as the most sure Means to distress
+the Enemy, and had sent the _Dunkirk_ to anchor off the _Boguilla_, to
+prevent any Embarkation bringing Supplies by Water, as he had done the
+_Falmouth_ at the grand _Baru_, on the Outside of _Passa Cavallos_
+(before the taking of _Boccachica_) which effectually prevented any
+Refreshments coming to the Enemy from _Tolu_, and the River _Sina_,
+their principal Markets; yet nothing was of Weight enough for its being
+done here, although so very easy, and the Army were complaining
+heavily, for want of Refreshments, and yet suffered Supplies daily to
+go into the Town. The _Boguilla_ is the Mouth of the Lake (behind
+_Carthagena_) that opens into the Sea, where the Enemy kept a Guard of
+about an hundred Men, and was the only Way possibly they had left for
+Supplies to come to them; and though fresh Provisions were scarce in
+the Camp, and would have been exceedingly beneficial to the Sick, yet
+so little Pains did the Army care to take to get it, that when the
+General was acquainted, that a Drove of three or four hundred Head of
+Oxen were going along the Strand, he did not dispatch a Party to
+intercept them, or endeavour to cut them off, not in three Hours after
+he had been informed of the Thing, and then the Cattle were going into
+the Town. But so far were the Army from being disposed to cut off the
+Communication on that Side, that they were continually forming Ideas of
+the Enemy's coming that Way to attack them, and that they were actually
+raising Batteries on some of the Islands in the Lake, to drive them out
+of the Camp, and could not be convinced to the contrary, till the
+Admiral ordered a large Canoe to be carried over Land, and launched
+into the Lake, which was manned and armed, and an Officer of the
+_Weymouth_ and a Land Officer sent in her round the Lake, to
+reconnoitre; upon whose Return, those dreadful Apprehensions were
+dissipated.
+
+[_D_] From the first Sight of the _American_ troops they were despised,
+and as many of them were _Irish_, (suspected Papists) were never
+employed till now; but as Sickness encreased amongst the others (and
+hourly Attacks expected from the Enemy) it was thought expedient to
+have them ashore; and though it is most certain, there was scarce one
+but knew what Opinion had been conceived of them, nay indeed told them,
+that had not the Fellows been better than they were taken for, it was
+enough to have exasperated them to have deserted. The other Soldiers of
+Lord _James Cavendish_ and Col. _Bland_'s Regiments were as good Troops
+as any on the Expedition; and after this Reinforcement, it was expected
+the Communication would have been immediately cut off; (as it had been
+suggested Numbers could not be spared before) but so far from that,
+that the Army still complained, that they had not Men enough to relieve
+their Guards; and indeed, according to the Number they mounted,
+_Marlborough_'s Army would scarce have been sufficient; for the Advance
+Guard consisted of five hundred Men, the Picket eight hundred, besides
+several other Out-Guards of one hundred, and some fifty; whereas the
+Enemy had but one Guard (that faced this Way) without their Work, and
+that of seven Men only. Thus were the poor Wretches harassed.
+
+[_E_] When the Council of War met, several of the general Officers and
+Colonels dissented from this Resolution, as judging it too rash an
+Undertaking, without a proper Breach being made first, or at least
+before the Place had been well reconnoitred; but in order to solve this
+last Difficulty, there were several Deserters that offered to go as
+Guides, and three of the most intelligent were pitched upon.
+
+[_F_] The principal Engineer being killed at _Boccachica_, his
+Successor (being none of the most knowing in the Science) did not chuse
+any Works should be taken in Hand, as they would expose his Ignorance;
+so chearfully gave into that Opinion.
+
+[_G_] After the Majority of the Council of War had determined on the
+Attack, a proper Time was now the Question, as to which the Deserters
+informed them, about two o'Clock in the Morning would be the best Time;
+for the Guards from the Town that nightly patroled round the Foot of
+the Hill would by that Time be returned and gone to their respective
+Homes; because as Duty went hard (their Numbers being but it was
+customary for them, as soon as they had performed their Rout, to go to
+Bed;) and further observed, that when a _Spaniard_ has laid himself
+down to sleep, it is no easy Task to raise him to fight; but these
+Arguments were of no Force to the General; just before Day was his
+Time; accordingly, about four o'Clock in the Morning the Attack began,
+and a Party of Grenadiers, along with Colonel _Grant_, entered the
+Trenches at the Foot of the Castle; but not being sustained, were cut
+off, and Colonel _Grant_ shot through the Body. After this, instead of
+rushing in, Sword in Hand, and mingling with the Enemy in the Trenches,
+a full Stop was made, and the Men stood firing in Plotoons; those that
+had Room, and could wheel off for others, did, but the greatest Part
+stood and fired all their Ammunition away, while the Enemy (as it was
+now Day-light, and they could take Aim) were mowing them down, like
+Grass, with their Cannon, Musketry, and Grenadoes; notwithstanding
+which, the Troops faced them like Lions, and wanted but to have been
+led on, or told what they were to have done, and they certainly would
+have taken the Place. But, instead of that, from the most excellent
+Disposition that was made, no Officer attempted to lead them on, and
+the Grenado Shells, that should have been in the Front, and distributed
+among the Soldiers, were in Boxes in the Rear; nor was there one Length
+of lighted Match among them. The Woolpacks and Scaling Ladders were
+also in the Rear. But when Colonel _Grant_ entered the Trenches, such
+Call was made for them, that some few were carried up the Hill; however
+as he, poor Gentleman, fell, no body else tried to make Use of them;
+and so amongst other Things they were left for the Enemy. As this
+Scheme was but badly formed from the Beginning, (and indeed may be
+properly called the General's own Scheme) so it as unfortunately ended;
+for the Admiral not being acquainted with this Resolution of the
+Council of War, (either by Letter or Message) had not an Opportunity of
+acting in Conjunction with them, and assisting them with a Body of
+Seamen, as it is evident he would have done; for as soon as he was
+acquainted the Fort was attacked, and got up and saw the Troops at a
+Stand, the Instant a Signal could be seen, (at Dawn of Day) he made one
+for all the Boats in the Fleet manned and armed, and sent them with
+orders to follow the General's Directions; but it was too late; before
+they got ashore, the Troops were returned from the Attack.
+
+Various are the Accounts of the Loss sustained in this Action; but it
+is generally believed, there were upwards of one hundred Men killed,
+and near two hundred wounded, thirty of whom were taken Prisoners,
+Numbers of Arms, Colours, Drums, Woolpacks, Grenadoes, Pick-axes,
+Shovels, Scaling Ladders, _&c._ were left behind in the Retreat, which
+the Enemy arrogantly diverted themselves withal, for some Time, on the
+Top of the Hill, taking Care to let the Army see them.
+
+As when Faults are committed, the first Thing sought after is an
+Excuse; so, not succeeding in this Attack, the Army now fell to blaming
+the Guides, saying, they had led them the wrong Way; the Guides again
+say, the Army would not follow them the Way they would have led them;
+but had Reason alone been their Guide, sure they should have attacked
+the Castle on the weakest Side; (for they all knew one Side was
+defenceless) whereas they attacked it on the strongest Side, where the
+Hill was most difficult of Access; and when they found themselves
+repulsed, and at a Loss what to do, the speedier they had made their
+Retreat, the smaller had been their Loss.
+
+[_H_] The Admiral had sent several Officers in to sound, and try if
+Ships might come near enough to batter, who all gave it, as their
+Opinions, that there could not more than three Ships possibly anchor at
+the upper End of the Harbour; and if they were laid but in a Foot Water
+more than they drew, they would not be in a Point-Blank-Shot, and
+consequently could do no material Execution; however, to convince the
+General, that Ships could be of no manner of Service to him, the
+Admiral caused the _Galicia_ (one of the _Spanish_ Ships) to be fitted
+proper for battering, by forming, between each Port, Merlons (or Cases)
+of six Foot thick, and filled with rammed Earth or Sand, and sent her
+in to cannonade the Town; but it was soon found, she could not come
+hear enough to do any Service; for the enemy had demolished her so, in
+two or three Hours, that she would have sunk in half an Hour more, if
+she had not been drawn off; and it may be established as a general
+Rule, for Ships to go by, that unless they can come within half a
+Musket or Pistol Shot of a Fortification, it will have the Advantage of
+them, for the further you lye off, the more Guns they can bring to bear
+against you; whereas, when you go so near, there can no more Guns annoy
+you, than are mounted within the Length of your Ship; and the
+Difference of Briskness in firing, betwixt a Ship and a Fort, is so
+great, besides the Odds in Number of Guns, that it is impossible to
+withstand a Ship long. After this Experiment the _Galicia_ was burned.
+
+[_I_] After the famous Battle of _St. Lazare_, the Troops sickened very
+fast, insomuch, that by Account delivered in (and the General's Report)
+between _Thursday_ Morning and _Friday_ Night, they had dwindled away
+from 6645 to 3200, and 1200 of these were _Americans_, and not esteemed
+fit for Service.
+
+[_K_] When the Council of War agreed to the Forces being embarked, the
+General urged, that they might come off in the Night, lest the Enemy
+should make a Sortie, so that the Boats were ordered ashore about nine
+o'Clock, and from the Apprehensions they were in of the Enemy's being
+at their Heels, many of them left their Baggage, and Numbers of them
+their Tents and Arms, which the Enemy came the next Morning and picked
+up. The Tents they pitched upon _St. Lazare_ Hill, and other Places,
+where they might best be seen, and by a Flag of Truce that had Occasion
+to pass the next Day, about Exchange of Prisoners, they failed not to
+express their Astonishment at the precipitate Retreat of the Army. Thus
+ended this famous Expedition, that was the greatest and most expensive
+that ever entered the _American_ Seas, and which _Europe_ gazed on with
+Admiration and Attention.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the expedition to
+Carthagena, with explanatory notes and observations, by Sir Charles Knowles
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+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<title>
+The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Account of the Expedition to Carthagena, by Charles Knowles
+</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+
+    <!--
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the expedition to Carthagena,
+with explanatory notes and observations, by Sir Charles Knowles
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An Account of the expedition to Carthagena, with explanatory notes and observations
+
+Author: Sir Charles Knowles
+
+Release Date: November 6, 2008 [EBook #27173]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/001.jpg" alt="Border" width="470" height="44"></div>
+<h3>AN</h3>
+<h1>ACCOUNT</h1>
+<h3>OF THE</h3>
+<h2>EXPEDITION</h2>
+<h3>TO</h3>
+<h3><i>CARTHAGENA, &#38;c.</i></h3>
+<div class="figcenter">
+<img src="images/002.jpg" alt="Border" width="470" height="44"></div>
+<h3>
+[Price One Shilling.]
+</h3>
+<br><br>
+<p class="narrow">
+See the Plan of the City and Harbour of
+<i>Carthagena</i>, published in the <i>LONDON</i>
+MAGAZINE for <i>April</i> 1740; which will
+serve to give the Readers of this Pamphlet a
+clearer Idea of its Contents.
+</p>
+
+
+<br><hr class="short"><br>
+
+<h3>
+AN
+</h3>
+
+<h1>
+ACCOUNT
+</h1>
+
+<h3>
+OF THE
+</h3>
+
+<h2>
+EXPEDITION
+</h2>
+
+<h3>
+TO
+</h3>
+
+<h1>
+CARTHAGENA,
+</h1>
+
+<h3>
+WITH
+</h3>
+
+<h2>
+<span class="sc">Explanatory Notes</span>
+</h2>
+
+<h3>
+AND
+</h3>
+
+<h2>
+OBSERVATIONS.
+</h2>
+
+
+<br>
+<h3>
+<span class="sc">The Third Edition.</span>
+</h3>
+<br>
+<hr class="med">
+<p class="hanging">
+<i>Ubi per socordiam vires, tempus, ingenium defluxere, natur&#230;
+infirmitas accusatur: suam quique culpam actores ad negotia
+transferunt.</i></p><p class="right"><span class="sc">Sallust.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="med">
+
+
+
+<h4>
+<i>LONDON</i>:<br>
+Printed for <span class="sc">M. Cooper</span>, at the <i>Globe</i> in<br>
+<i>Pater-noster-Row</i>.
+</h4>
+
+<h4>
+<span class="sc">Mdccxliii.</span>
+</h4>
+
+
+<br>
+<div class="tn">
+<p>
+<b>Transcriber's Note</b>: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
+without note. Dialect spellings, contractions and discrepancies have
+been retained. The footnotes are lettered from A to I, K to T and V to
+Z. Subsequent footnotes repeat the lettering sequence, beginning with an A.
+</p></div>
+
+
+<br><hr class="med"><br>
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">[1]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+AN
+</h2>
+
+<h1>
+ACCOUNT
+</h1>
+
+<h2>
+OF THE
+</h2>
+
+<h1>
+EXPEDITION
+</h1>
+
+<h2>
+TO
+</h2>
+
+<h1>
+<i>CARTHAGENA, &#38;c.</i>
+</h1>
+
+<br>
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">I</span><span class="caps">t</span> having been resolved in a general
+Council of War, held at
+<i>Spanish</i> Town, to prevent, if
+possible, the <i>French</i> Fleet joining the
+Enemy before any Expedition should
+be undertaken by Land: the <i>Wolf</i>
+Sloop, Captain <i>Dandridge</i>, was dispatched
+up to <i>Port Louis</i>, to observe
+if the Fleet was in that Port:
+And on the 22d of <i>January</i>, which
+was the soonest the Fleet could be
+got ready for the Sea, Sir <i>Chaloner
+Ogle</i> and his Division sailed out of
+<span class="pagenum">[2]</span><i>Port Royal</i> Harbour; and two Days
+after Mr. <i>Lestock</i> and his Division;
+and on the <i>Monday</i> following the
+Admiral with the rest of the Squadron
+(leaving behind him the <i>Falmouth</i>
+and <i>Litchfield</i> to bring up the
+Transports;) but the Land Breeze
+failing, and a great Swell rolling
+down, obliged them to anchor at
+the <i>Keys</i> (where the <i>Augusta</i> drove
+ashore, and beat off her Rudder,
+and great part of her Keel.) On the
+28th the Admiral weighed Anchor,
+and plied up to Windward, and the
+31st joined Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i> and
+Mr. <i>Lestock</i> with their Divisions off
+<i>Port Morant</i>, and the Day following
+was joined by the <i>Falmouth</i>,
+<i>Litchfield</i>, and Transports. <i>February</i>
+the 7th the Fleet made Cape <i>Tiberoon</i>
+on the Island <i>Hispaniola</i>, and
+off there was joined by the <i>Cumberland</i>,
+Captain <i>Stewart</i>, from <i>Lisbon</i>,
+(who had been separated from the
+<span class="pagenum">[3]</span>Fleet in the Storm the 1st of <i>November</i>)
+and the next Day the <i>Wolf</i>
+Sloop came into the Fleet<a href="#noteA" name="noterefA"><sup> [<i>A</i>]</sup></a> and
+brought with her a <i>French</i> Sloop.
+The 13th the Fleet anchored at the
+Isle of <i>Vache</i>, about two Leagues
+to the Westward of <i>Port Louis</i>,
+<span class="pagenum">[4]</span>where they stayed but four Days,
+having gained Intelligence the <i>French</i>
+Fleet was divided, and sailed (the
+Marquis <i>D'Antin</i> and twelve Sail
+being gone for <i>Old France</i>, and Mr.
+<i>Rochefieulle</i> and six Sail for <i>Petit
+Guavas</i>) upon which the Fleet went
+and anchored in <i>Tiberoon</i>, <i>Donna Maria</i>, and <i>Irish</i> Bays, to Wood
+and Water; and on the 25th sailed
+from thence, when the <i>Weymouth</i>,
+<i>Experiment</i>, and <i>Spence</i> Sloop, were
+dispatched ahead over to <i>Carthagena</i>,
+to sound <i>Punta Canoa</i> Bay,
+for the safer anchoring the Fleet,
+which arrived there the 5th of
+<i>March</i> in the Evening; and three
+Days after the same Ships, together
+with the <i>Dunkirk</i>, were ordered by
+the Admiral down off <i>Boccachica</i>,
+to sound and see if the Fleet might
+safely anchor there, and how near
+Ships might come to batter the Forts
+of <i>St. Philip</i> and <i>St. Jago</i>; and so
+<span class="pagenum">[5]</span>soon as the Admiral had received
+the Reports from the Commanders
+of these Ships, a Council of War
+was held, wherein it was resolved to
+send three eighty Gun Ships, the
+<i>Norfolk</i>, Captain <i>Graves</i>, the <i>Shrewsbury</i>,
+Captain <i>Townsend</i>, and the
+<i>Russell</i>, Captain <i>Norris</i>, to batter
+the Forts abovementioned; the
+<i>Princess Amelia</i>, Captain <i>Hemmington</i>,
+to fire against the Fascine Battery,
+and the <i>Litchfield</i>, Captain
+<i>Cleveland</i>, against the little Battery
+of <i>Chamba</i>; (but these two last the
+Enemy had abandoned) and accordingly
+the 9th in the Morning they
+weighed Anchor from <i>Punta Canoa</i>
+Bay, together with Sir <i>Chaloner
+Ogle</i>, and the rest of his Division,
+(he being to command the Attack)
+and about two Hours afterwards, the
+Admiral and the rest of the Fleet
+got under sail: At Noon the <i>Norfolk</i>,
+<i>Russell</i>, and <i>Shrewsbury</i> began
+<span class="pagenum">[6]</span>to cannonade the Forts, and in about
+three Hours time drove the Enemy
+from their Guns, and obliged them
+to abandon their Forts<a href="#noteB" name="noterefB"><sup>[<i>B</i>]</sup></a>: Immediately
+on this Sir <i>Chaloner Ogle</i>
+made the Signal for landing the
+Troops, which was repeated by the
+Admiral, who was just come to an
+Anchor, (a little to the Eastward)
+and about five o'clock in the Evening,
+a Body of Troops were landed
+without Opposition; but the General
+not thinking the Body sufficient,
+<span class="pagenum">[7]</span>(he landing with them) embarked
+again in the Boats, and sent for
+more<a href="#noteC" name="noterefC"><sup>[<i>C</i>]</sup></a>. About eight o'Clock
+they landed again, and went and
+took Possession of the Forts of <i>St.
+Philip</i> and <i>St. Jago</i>, and about nine
+the Bomb-ketches were carried in
+Shore, and began to play on the
+Castle of <i>Boccachica</i>. The three
+next Days were spent in landing the
+remainder of the Forces, the Baggage,
+<i>&#38;c.</i><a href="#noteD" name="noterefD"><sup>[<i>D</i>]</sup></a> and by the 16th
+<span class="pagenum">[8]</span>all the Cannon, Mortars, and Ordnance
+Stores were landed<a href="#noteE" name="noterefE"><sup>[<i>E</i>]</sup></a>. But
+the principal Engineer not arriving
+till the 15th, no Spot was pitched
+<span class="pagenum">[9]</span>upon for raising a Battery<a href="#noteF" name="noterefF"><sup>[<i>F</i>]</sup></a> against
+the Enemy, so that the clearing a
+few Bushes away down by the Water
+Side, for to pitch their Tents,
+was all the material Work the Army
+<span class="pagenum">[10]</span>did for near a Week; and the Enemy
+was contented to let them be
+pretty quiet, only now and then
+firing a Shot, until they opened a
+Bomb-Battery of four Mortars and
+some Royals on the 17th<a href="#noteG" name="noterefG"><sup>[<i>G</i>]</sup></a>, and
+then the Fascine Battery on the
+<span class="pagenum">[11]</span><i>Barradera</i> Side annoyed them greatly,
+and particularly the Camp, so
+that they were obliged to remove it
+several Paces off.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="#noteH" name="noterefH"><sup>[<i>H</i>]</sup></a>This being represented to
+the Admiral, Orders were given for
+<span class="pagenum">[12]</span>all Boats of the Squadron to be ready
+at Midnight (manned and armed)
+to go to surprize the <i>Barradera</i> Battery,
+and the Command given to
+Captain <i>Boscawen</i><a href="#noteI" name="noterefI"><sup>[<i>I</i>]</sup></a>, in which
+they happily succeeded, spiked up
+<span class="pagenum">[13]</span>all the Guns; burnt the Carriages,
+Platforms, and Guard-house; destroyed
+<span class="pagenum">[14]</span>the Magazine, and took
+several Prisoners<a href="#noteK" name="noterefK"><sup>[<i>K</i>]</sup></a>. The next
+Morning, as soon as it was Day, the
+Enemy from <i>Boccachica</i> began to
+fire warmly at the Bomb-Battery, (as
+if they were angry at what happened
+the Night before) though without
+doing them any particular Damage;
+and as they were sensible of
+the Usefulness and advantageous
+Situation of this Battery, they set
+busily about repairing some Part of
+it, and on the 20th had built up
+some Embrazures and mounted two
+Guns, and fired them on the Bomb-Battery
+again, which the Admiral
+observing, ordered the <i>Rippon</i>, a
+sixty Gun ship, to go and anchor as
+near it, as possible, and keep firing
+<span class="pagenum">[15]</span>on it to prevent the Enemy's
+working on it any farther<a href="#noteL" name="noterefL"><sup>[<i>L</i>]</sup></a>, so
+that all the next Day the Army was
+in a State of Tranquillity, and on
+<i>Sunday</i> the 22d their grand Battery
+of twenty Guns being finished,
+about eight o'Clock in the Morning
+began to play very briskly on the
+Castle, as did the Bomb-Battery, and
+thirty or forty Cohorns and Royals
+planted on the Platform behind the
+<span class="pagenum">[16]</span>Cannon<a href="#noteM" name="noterefM"><sup>[<i>M</i>]</sup></a>, which the Enemy
+returned as briskly from the Castle,
+the four Ships<a href="#noteN" name="noterefN"><sup>[<i>N</i>]</sup></a> (Don <i>Blass</i>'s in<span class="pagenum">[17]</span>
+particular) <i>St. Joseph</i>'s, and some
+few Guns from the <i>Barradera</i>, so
+that the Work was warm on both
+Sides. On the 23d the <i>Boyne</i>, <i>Suffolk</i>,
+<i>Tilbury</i>, <i>Prince Frederick</i>, and
+<i>Hampton Court</i>, were ordered in
+<span class="pagenum">[18]</span>against <i>Boccachica</i> to cannonade<a href="#noteO" name="noterefO"><sup>[<i>O</i>]</sup></a>;
+but the <i>Boyne</i> having anchored so
+far to Leeward, as to lie exposed to
+the whole Fire of the Enemy's Ships,
+and <i>St. Joseph</i>'s Battery, was much
+shattered, and ordered off again that
+Night. The <i>Prince Frederick</i> and
+<i>Hampton Court</i>, sharing the Fire of
+the Enemy, that had been employed
+against the <i>Boyne</i>, were also much
+shattered by Morning, when they
+were likewise ordered to come off;
+the former having lost her Captain,
+<span class="pagenum">[19]</span>and both many Men killed and
+wounded. The <i>Suffolk</i> and <i>Tilbury</i>
+happening to anchor well to the
+Northward, lay battering till the
+next Evening (and with some Success,
+particularly against the Breach)
+when the Admiral sent Orders for
+them to draw off. The Army now
+began to look on the Breach as accessible,
+but the Guns in the <i>Barradera</i>
+Battery, being able to annoy
+them in their Attack, a Representation
+thereof was made to the Admiral,
+who immediately directed
+the <i>Princess Amelia</i>, <i>Litchfield</i>, and
+<i>Shoreham</i>, to go in, and anchor as
+nigh it as possible, and sent the Boats
+of the Squadron again mann'd and
+arm'd, under the Command of Captain
+<i>Watson</i> to destroy it<a href="#noteP" name="noterefP"><sup>[<i>P</i>]</sup></a>, which
+<span class="pagenum">[20]</span>they did effectually, and with scarce
+any Opposition; the greatest part of
+the Guns in <i>Boccachica</i> Castle being
+now dismounted, the Army
+thought proper to entertain the Enemy's
+Ships, by widening five or six
+Embrazures of their Battery, and
+playing some Guns on them, which
+the Ships as civilly returned, 'till
+Night closed in, and firing ceased on
+both Sides<a href="#noteQ" name="noterefQ">]<sup>[<i>Q</i></sup></a>. The 25th in the
+Morning it was discovered, the Enemy
+<span class="pagenum">[21]</span>had been throwing up some
+Fascine Works on the Ramparts;
+however as they had not moved away
+any Rubbish from the Breach,
+it was resolved this Evening to attack
+it by Storm<a href="#noteR" name="noterefR"><sup>[<i>R</i>]</sup></a>, and accordingly
+soon after Sun-set a Body of
+Troops marched up and mounted
+<span class="pagenum">[22]</span>the Breach undiscovered, and quietly
+took Possession of the Castle, the
+Enemy flying out at the Gate so soon
+as they saw the Troops on the
+Ramparts, and heard their Huzza's.
+Those aboard their Ships were in the
+utmost Consternation at such a sudden
+and successful Event, and with
+<span class="pagenum">[23]</span>all precipitate Surprize betook themselves
+to their Boats, setting Fire to
+one of their Ships, and sinking two
+others. At the same time the Attack
+was to be made on the Castle,
+(in order to divide the Enemy's
+Forces) the Admiral had given Orders
+<span class="pagenum">[24]</span>for the Attack of the Castle of
+<i>St. Joseph</i> by Boats, and sent them
+away under the Command of Captain
+<i>Knowles</i>, who took Possession
+of it about ten a Clock at Night,
+the Enemy abandoning it after firing
+some Guns: The Boats afterwards
+went and took Possession of
+the <i>Galicia</i>, the <i>Spanish</i> Admiral's
+Ship, and then went to Work on
+cutting the Boom<a href="#noteS" name="noterefS"><sup>[<i>S</i>]</sup></a>, and moving
+the <i>Galicia</i> out of the Channel; and
+<span class="pagenum">[25]</span>next Morning the Admiral in the
+<i>Princess Caroline</i>, the <i>Worcester</i>,
+and some other Ships sailed into the
+Harbour of <i>Carthagena</i>, and the
+whole Fleet and Transports continued
+to sail and warp in as fast as conveniently
+they could. The Enemy
+seeing the Admiral and several Ships
+got into the Harbour, began to expect
+<span class="pagenum">[26]</span>a Visit at <i>Castillo Grande</i> soon,
+and as <i>Mancinilla</i> Fort lay opposite
+to it within Gun-shot, and was not
+capable of making any great Defence,
+they thought proper to destroy
+it, lest we should take Possession
+of it, and so batter the Castle.
+On the 28th the Admiral being informed
+of two small Batteries that
+guarded the <i>Passa Cavallos</i><a href="#noteT" name="noterefT"><sup>[<i>T</i>]</sup></a>, sent
+the <i>Weymouth</i> and <i>Cruiser</i> Sloop to
+demolish them, and take all the
+Imbarkations and Canoes that were
+there; and disposed the Fire-ships
+and small Frigates round the Harbour,
+<span class="pagenum">[27]</span>to guard every Pass and Creek,
+in order to cut off any Supplies going
+to the Town. On the 30th
+the Rear-Admiral and several Ships
+turned up the Harbour, and anchored
+a small Distance from <i>Castillo
+Grande</i>, where the Enemy made a
+Shew of preparing to receive them;<a href="#noteV" name="noterefV"><sup>[<i>V</i>]</sup></a>
+and in order to stop the Fleet
+here, had sunk seven Ships across
+the Channel, and moored two of
+their Men of War, the <i>Conquestodore</i>
+of sixty six Guns, and the <i>Dragon</i>
+<span class="pagenum">[28]</span>of sixty. The 31st early in the
+Morning, Captain <i>Knowles</i> observed
+the enemy's two Men of War sunk,
+and not perceiving any Men in the
+Castle went and acquainted Sir
+<i>Chaloner Ogle</i>, that it was his Opinion
+the Enemy had abandoned
+<i>Castillo Grande</i>, who immediately
+ordered him to weigh Anchor, and
+run in with his Ship, and fire on it,
+which he did; and the Castle making
+no return, he sent his Boats ashore,
+and took Possession of it, and
+hoisted the <i>English</i> Flag: And on
+the Admiral's receiving Intelligence,
+he ordered a proper Number of
+Forces to garison it<a href="#noteW" name="noterefW"><sup>[<i>W</i>]</sup></a>. The
+<span class="pagenum">[29]</span>next Day Captain <i>Griffin</i>, and Captain
+<i>Rentone</i>, were sent to see if it
+was possible to get past the Enemy's
+Ships they had sunk, and finding the
+<i>Conquestodore</i>'s Stern afloat, the <i>Burford</i>
+warped up, and cut the Stern
+Moorings, and hove her round, which
+opened a fair Channel, and the
+Bomb-Ketches, and two twenty
+Gun Ships went through. By this
+Time the Admiral, and greatest Part
+of the Squadron, were come up the
+Harbour. Mr. <i>Lestock</i> and his Division
+was left at <i>Boccachica</i>, with
+Orders to reimbark the Forces,
+and Cannon as fast as possible. The
+second in the Morning the Bomb-Ketches
+began to play on the Town,
+and some of the Guns of <i>Castillo
+<span class="pagenum">[30]</span>Grande</i>, that were cleared, fired on
+a <i>French</i> Ship that lay up at the
+Head of the Harbour<a href="#noteX" name="noterefX"><sup>[<i>X</i>]</sup></a>, upon
+which the Enemy set fire to her,
+and she burned the greatest Part of
+the Day. Next Day the <i>Weymouth</i>
+getting through the Channel, the
+Town began to fire on her, but
+without doing any material Damage.
+Great Part of the Transports with
+the Troops being now come up the
+Harbour, this Night the <i>Weymouth</i>,
+the three Fire-ships, and the <i>Cruiser</i>
+Sloop, being designed by the Admiral
+to cover the landing of the
+Forces, warped over on the other
+Side the Harbour undiscovered by
+<span class="pagenum">[31]</span>the Enemy, who in the Morning, to
+shew their Resentment, gave them
+a Salvo of what Cannon fronted that
+Way; (but firing through the Bushes
+did no Execution) the <i>Cruiser</i> Sloop
+drawing but little Water, warped
+up a Creek, and a Party of the
+Enemy from a Breast-work they had
+thrown up, fired smartly on her
+with their Musketry, but were quickly
+dislodged, a brisk fire, chiefly with
+Grape Shot, having been kept all
+Night to scour the Woods. About
+5 o'Clock next Morning, being the
+5th, the Forces were landed<a href="#noteY" name="noterefY"><sup>[<i>Y</i>]</sup></a>,
+and in their marching up from the
+Waterside had a small Skirmish with
+some of the Enemy's Troops that
+<span class="pagenum">[32]</span>had made a Lodgment in the Woods,
+whom they soon put to Flight; and
+about a Mile further were attacked
+a second Time, but the Enemy as
+soon shewed their Backs again. Finding
+the Country open hereabouts,
+<span class="pagenum">[33]</span>the Army did not chuse to make any
+further Advances, so they pitched
+<span class="pagenum">[34]</span>on a Place for encamping, and
+the Evening sent a Party up to <i>La
+Papa</i> to take Possession of that, if
+the Enemy had abandoned it<a href="#noteZ" name="noterefZ"><sup>[<i>Z</i>]</sup></a>.
+In the mean while all possible Dispatch
+was made in landing the Baggage,
+Provision, Cannon, Ammunition,
+<i>&#38;c.</i><a href="#noteAA" name="noterefAA"><sup>[<i>A</i>]</sup></a> which the Enemy
+surprisingly suffered, notwithstanding
+the landing Place was within
+reach of the Guns of <i>St. Lazare</i>;
+yet they fired but seldom, for it appeared
+afterwards their Attention was
+<span class="pagenum">[35]</span>more towards their own Safety, (or
+'tis certain they might have done a
+great deal of Mischief;) for whilst
+the Army were employed, and getting
+their things ashore, the Enemy
+were as busy in making a Fascine
+Battery of four Pieces of Cannon
+on the Brow of the Hill, and carrying
+on a Trench (or Line) round
+the Foot of the Castle, which they
+completed in a very short Time<a href="#noteBB" name="noterefBB"><sup>[<i>B</i>]</sup></a>,
+quicker than the Army could make
+<span class="pagenum">[36]</span>a Battery only for three Mortars,
+and throw up a small Breast-work
+for their Advance Guards. But no
+Care was yet taken to cut off the
+Communication between Town and
+Country<a href="#noteCC" name="noterefCC"><sup>[<i>C</i>]</sup></a>. Complaints now began
+to be made, that the Number
+<span class="pagenum">[37]</span>of Sick was greatly increased in the
+Camp; upon which the Admiral
+immediately supplied them with a
+Detachment of Lord <i>James Cavendish</i>
+and Colonel <i>Bland</i>'s Regiments,
+<span class="pagenum">[38]</span>that had remained aboard the Ships
+as part of their Compliments, and
+a Body of such <i>Americans</i> as were
+fit for Duty<a href="#noteDD" name="noterefDD"><sup>[<i>D</i>]</sup></a>.
+<span class="pagenum">[39]</span>Upon this Reinforcement, and
+the Apprehensions of the rainy Seasons,
+which were daily expected,
+on the eighth in the Afternoon a
+Land Council of War was held <a href="#noteEE" name="noterefEE"><sup>[<i>E</i>]</sup></a>,
+wherein it was resolved to attack the
+Castle and Trenches of <i>St. Lazare</i>,
+<span class="pagenum">[40]</span>(without first raising a Battery to
+make a Breach) and to this Resolution
+the Engineer joined in Opinion<a href="#noteFF" name="noterefFF"><sup>[<i>F</i>]</sup></a>.
+Accordingly on the ninth
+in the Morning between three and
+four o'Clock the Attack was made,
+and maintained very resolutely on
+both Sides till between six and seven,
+when the Enemy obliged the
+Forces to retreat after a considerable
+Loss of Officers and Men<a href="#noteGG" name="noterefGG"><sup>[<i>G</i>]</sup></a>. After
+the Miscarriage of this Scheme
+<span class="pagenum">[41]</span>(which was the occasion of the Town's
+not being taken) the Army sickened
+surprisingly fast, and those that were
+killed being esteemed the Flower of
+<span class="pagenum">[42]</span>the Flock, the General declared he
+was no longer in a Condition to
+<span class="pagenum">[43]</span>defend himself, much more to carry
+on a Siege against the Place, and
+hoped, if the Admiral (who had
+ordered the <i>Weymouth</i> to erect a
+<span class="pagenum">[44]</span>Bomb-Battery, which was finished
+and played in two Days) expected
+any Thing to be done, he would
+order some Ships in to cannonade
+the Town<a href="#noteHH" name="noterefHH"><sup>[<i>H</i>]</sup></a>, otherwise desired
+these Things might be considered in
+a general Council of War, of Sea and
+<span class="pagenum">[45]</span>Land Officers, and accordingly on
+the 15th a Council of War was held,
+who came to a Resolution (upon the
+General's Representation of the bad
+State of the Army)<a href="#noteII" name="noterefII"><sup>[<i>I</i>]</sup></a>, to have
+the Cannon and Forces reimbarked
+with all convenient Speed, and the
+17th in the Night the Troops were
+accordingly<a href="#noteKK" name="noterefKK"><sup>[<i>K</i>]</sup></a> taken off the Shore.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">[46]</span>Nothing remained now but to get
+the Fleet and Transports ready for
+Sea, and to demolish the Castles and
+Fortifications already taken, which
+last was effectually done by blowing
+them up, and by the 12th of <i>May</i>
+the whole Fleet and Forces had taken
+leave of <i>Carthagena</i>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<br><br><br>
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">[47]</span>
+</p>
+<h2>
+APPENDIX.
+</h2>
+
+
+<p>
+<span class="dropcap">I</span><span class="caps">n</span> order more fully and clearly to form a
+Judgment of the foregoing Expedition,
+it may not be improper to subjoin this
+Narrative of the Enemy's Situation, Strength,
+and Disposition at <i>Carthagena</i>, as the Fleet
+and Forces found them on their Arrival there:
+And in order to carry it on agreeable to the
+Advances that were made, begin with a
+<i>Disposition</i> of <i>Punta Canoa</i> Bay, where the
+Fleet first anchored. This Bay is about five
+Miles to the North West of the City of
+<i>Carthagena</i>, but not an extraordinary good
+anchoring Place, as the Water is shoal a
+great Way off the Shore, and the Coast
+pretty strait, that Ships are not much sheltered
+with the Point of Land, from the
+Violence of the Breezes that generally blow.
+In the Bottom of this Bay is an Entrance
+into the great Lake of <i>Jesea</i>, (called the
+<i>Boquilla</i>) where the Enemy had a small
+<span class="pagenum">[48]</span>Fascine Battery of four Pieces of Cannon,
+and kept a Guard; but upon the Fleet's Arrival,
+(and during the Time they continued
+to lie there) a considerable Number of the
+Enemy's Forces, both Horse and Foot, kept
+constantly there, expecting a Descent. The
+next Place of Note was the <i>Cruizes</i>, where
+the Enemy kept a Guard ordinarily of a
+hundred Men: This Place is about half Way
+from the <i>Boquilla</i> to the Town, and guards
+a narrow Creek or Pass from the Town to
+the Lake, called <i>Passa de Juan D'Ingola</i>,
+through which Supplies come in Canoes from
+the other Side of the Lake to the Town:
+As for the City itself, Nature has fortified
+that against any Attempt by Sea, the Water
+shoaling near a League off, and the Shore
+being plentifully bounded with Rocks; besides,
+the Sea is very seldom smooth, so that
+it is difficult at all Times landing. However,
+as the Enemy knew the Bravery of those
+they had to deal with, they began to wall
+this Side of the Town, and make a Ravelin
+in the Middle, there being already a strong
+Bastion at each End. <i>Bocca Grande</i> being
+the next Place the Enemy suspected an Attempt
+might be designed, had posted two
+of their Men of War, the <i>Conquestodore</i> of
+sixty six Guns, and the <i>Dragon</i> of sixty to
+guard it, and began two Fascine Batteries,
+<span class="pagenum">[49]</span>one on each Point of the Entrance. This
+Passage, called <i>Bocca Grande</i>, was formerly
+the principal Entrance into the Harbour,
+but by Storms, and the Force of the Sea,
+a Bank was thrown up, which quite closed
+the Entrance, and then it was called <i>Bocca
+Serrada</i>; but as strange Revolutions are frequent
+in these Countries, within these few
+Years this Passage has broke out again, and
+there is now nine or ten Foot Water in it.
+About three Miles below this, on the Island
+of <i>Terra Bomba</i>, was a small Fort of four
+Guns, called <i>Battery de Chamba</i>; and half
+a Mile further, a Fascine Battery of twelve
+Guns, (both of these the Enemy had abandoned.)
+The next Places of Defence were
+the Forts of <i>St. Philip</i> and <i>St. Jago</i>, one
+of seven Guns, the other of fifteen, which
+served as Redoubts to the Castle of <i>Boccachica</i>.
+One of these Forts was built on the
+Rock <i>Ponti</i> landed on, and probably to
+prevent any one's landing there again, (especially
+so easily as he did.) The Castle of
+<i>Boccachica</i> was the Enemy's chief Dependance,
+as it guarded the Entrance into the
+Harbour. It is a regular Square, with four
+Bastions well built, and was capable of
+making a stout Defence if well garisoned,
+and would have been much stronger had the
+Glacis and Counterscarp been finished. There
+<span class="pagenum">[50]</span>was mounted in it eighty two Guns, and
+three Mortars, and the Enemy had cleared
+three or four hundred Yards of the Woods
+round it, to prevent Approaches being made
+undiscovered, (as <i>Ponti</i> did in 1697.) On
+the other Side the Harbour's Mouth was a
+Fascine Battery of fifteen Guns, called the
+<i>Barradera</i>; and in a small Bay a back of
+that, another Battery of four Guns; and
+facing the Entrance of the Harbour, on a
+small flat Island, stood <i>St. Joseph</i>'s Fort of
+twenty one Guns: From this Fort to <i>Boccachica</i>
+Castle a Boom and Cables were fixed
+across, fastened with three large Anchors
+at each End; and just within the Boom was
+moored in a Line four Men of War, the
+<i>Galicia</i> of sixty six Guns, (aboard which
+was the Admiral Don <i>Blass D'Leso</i>,) the
+<i>Africa</i> and <i>St. Carlos</i>, each of sixty six
+Guns, and the <i>St. Philip</i> of seventy Guns,
+which spread the Width of the Harbour's
+Mouth, that there was not room for a Ship
+either to pass a head or a stern of them, so
+that it was impossible for shipping to force
+an Entrance into the Harbour; and had the
+Enemy here made a Defence equal to the admirable
+Disposition they had formed, it must
+have been a difficult Task for the Fleet to
+have got in, even after <i>Boccachica</i> Castle was
+taken. About four or five Miles from hence
+<span class="pagenum">[51]</span>is a Creek, or Passage, that parts the Grand
+<i>Baru</i> from the Main called <i>Passa Cavallos</i>,
+through which there is Water enough for
+small Vessels: This Pass the Enemy had
+defended with two Fascine Batteries, one of
+eight Guns, the other of four, as well to
+protect their own Imbarkations that come
+this Way with Provisions from <i>Tolu</i>, and the
+River <i>Sina</i>, as to prevent any Attempts being
+made this Way. The next place of Defence
+was <i>Castillo Grande</i>, which is about
+eight Miles up the Harbour. This Castle
+is a regular Square with four Bastions, strong
+and well built, and defended to the Land by
+a wet Ditch and Glacis proper, and one
+Face towards the Sea has a Raveline, and a
+double Line of Guns. This Castle can
+mount sixty one Guns, though there was
+but fifty seven in it. Opposite to this was a
+Horse-shoe Battery of twelve Guns, called
+<i>Mancinilla</i>; and in the Middle between these
+two Forts is a large Shoal with not above
+two or three Foot Water on it, which divides
+the Channel into two: In each of
+these Passages were Ships sunk across, to prevent,
+if possible, the Fleet's getting by; for
+that Part of the Harbour above these Castles
+is a perfect Bason, and seems rather like one
+Harbour within another, so that if some of
+the Ships could not have got past to have covered
+<span class="pagenum">[52]</span>the Troops landing (where they did)
+they must have marched several Miles, and
+been greatly exposed; besides, it would have
+been excessively difficult transporting the
+Cannon, neither could the Bomb-Ketches
+have got near enough this Way to have diverted
+the Town; so that the Intent of this
+Disposition was exceeding good, had it been
+effectually executed, (but Fear made the
+Enemy work in too much Hurry.) Near
+three Miles further up the Harbour, on two
+flat sandy Islands, or Keys, stands the famous
+City of <i>Carthagena</i>, and <i>Himani</i>, called
+its Suburbs, which are both irregular Figures,
+but well fortified to the Land with
+strong Bastions at proper Distances, and
+Lakes and Morasses running round them;
+and the Water at the Head of the Harbour
+shoal so far off, that Ships cannot come
+near enough to do any material Execution
+with their Guns, which adds much to its
+Strength.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<p>
+About a Quarter of a Mile from the
+Gate of <i>Himani</i>, on a pretty high Eminence,
+stands the Castle (or Redoubt) of <i>St.
+Lazare</i>, which in itself is but trifling, but
+its Situation very advantageous, and by some
+new Works lately thrown up much strengthened.
+This Redoubt overlooks all the Town,
+<span class="pagenum">[53]</span>but has a Brow of a Hill (about four hundred
+Yards from it) that overlooks it as
+much, and entirely commands it, where
+would have been a proper Place to have
+raised a Battery, which the Enemy full
+well knew, for they constantly kept a
+Guard there, to observe the Army's Motions.
+As it was this famous Castle put an
+End to the Siege of <i>Carthagena</i>, a particular
+Description of it may not be unwelcome.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<p>
+The Hill it stands on is about fifty or sixty
+Foot high, naturally steep, but made more
+so by the Earth out of the Trenches and
+Lines being thrown over the Brow. The
+Castle is a Square of about fifty Foot, with
+three Demi-Bastions, two Guns in each Face,
+one in each Flank, and three in each Curtain.
+When the Army first landed, there was no
+material Works about the Castle, but a
+Fascine Battery, of five Guns at the North
+End of the Hill, facing the Brow of the
+commanding Hill abovementioned; but
+whilst they were encamping, <i>&#38;c.</i> the Enemy
+cut Lines round the Foot of the Castle,
+and erected another Fascine-Battery on the
+South Brow of the Hill, and brought four
+Guns out of the North Battery, and mounted
+in this, as it commanded the Ascent of the
+Hill best; these Lines ran in Traverses, and
+<span class="pagenum">[54]</span>communicated from Battery to Battery, and
+were a better Defence, and much stronger,
+than all the other Works together. After
+the Attack, the Enemy being able to judge
+where their Foible lay, mounted two Guns in
+the Lines, against the angular Point of one
+of the Bastions (which was not defended)
+where the Troops ascended the Hill, and to
+the South Part of the Hill lengthened their
+Lines, and made a Stair-case up the Hill, to
+the Fascine-Battery, and a Breast-work cross
+the Road, from the Foot of the Hill down
+to the Water-side, which effectually blocked
+themselves up, and was a Security against
+the Army's making a second Attack, and
+coming at them the right Way, as they
+might have done at first, had they taken the
+Guide's Advice. The Side next the Town is
+quite defenceless, and the Way into the Castle
+up a Ladder, on that Side, which draws up,
+like a Bridge.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<p>
+From the several Examinations of Deserters
+it appeared, the Number of the Enemy
+did not exceed four thousand, (regular Forces,
+Seamen, Militia, Blacks, and Indians included)
+and daily Experience convinced us of the
+Goodness of their Engineers, Bombardiers,
+and Gunners, as Desertion and Cowardice
+convinced us of the Badness of others.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span class="pagenum">[55]</span>Having given an Account of the Enemy's
+Situation and Strength, it may likewise be
+necessary to relate some Account of the State
+of the Army, and what pretty Instruments
+and Materials they were furnished withal.
+That the whole Body of the Troops, that
+came from <i>England</i> (unless two Regiments)
+were raw, new raised, undisciplined Men,
+is a Fact known to every one; and the
+greatest Part of the Officers commanding
+them, either young Gentlemen whose Quality
+or Interest entitled them to Preferment,
+or abandoned Wretches of the Town, whose
+Prostitution had made them useful on some
+dirty Occasion, and by Way of Reward
+were provided for in the Army; but both
+these Sorts of Gentlemen had never seen any
+Services, consequently, knew not properly
+how to act, or command; so that the worthy
+old experienced Officers, who had served
+long and well, underwent a continual Hardship,
+in teaching and disciplining a young
+raw Army, at a Time when they were on
+Service, and every one ought to have been
+Masters of their Trade, instead of having
+it to learn; and thus, by more frequently
+exposing themselves, most of them were
+knocked on the Head. As for the <i>American</i>
+Troops, they were in general many
+<span class="pagenum">[56]</span>Degrees worse, but the Officers in particular,
+who were composed of Blacksmiths,
+Taylors, Shoemakers, and all the Banditti
+that Country affords, insomuch, that the
+other Parts of the Army held them in scorn.
+And for Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gunners,
+worse never bore the Name, or could
+be picked out of all <i>Europe</i>.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<p>
+Amongst the ten Engineers, there was
+but one who ever saw a Siege (and that was
+the simple Siege of <i>Gibraltar</i>) and he was
+killed at <i>Boccachica</i>, in the midst of his own
+defenceless Works; so that the rest may justly
+have been said to be left without a Head.
+As for the Bombardiers and Gunners, the
+Colonel commanding the Train was in his
+grand Climacterick, and consequently very
+unfit to be sent upon this Expedition; but
+he, poor Gentleman, was soon dispatched
+(thanks to the Ignorance of the Engineers)
+and his Successor took care to render himself
+as unfit for Duty, by Excess of Drinking,
+as Old Age rendered the other; and as
+to Inferiors of both Sorts, Bombardiers and
+Cannoneers, many of them were Country
+Fellows, who told the General they were
+provided for in the Train for voting for
+Mr. &#8212;&#8212; and Mr. such a one, <i>&#38;c.</i> Out of
+these few that were good, by constant Attendance
+<span class="pagenum">[57]</span>and Duty's falling hard few were
+left, and indeed they had not many Opportunities
+of shewing their Abilities, the Materials
+they were provided withal being mostly
+bad; for two thirds of the Bomb-Shells either
+broke short in the Air, or their Fusees
+went out, and they never broke at all; nor
+were there one in three of the Grenadoes
+would burst; the Shells were so thick, and
+the Cavity so small, they would not hold
+Powder sufficient to crack them; nay, so
+little Care was taken in providing and packing
+up proper Materials for a Train of Artillery,
+that out of eight Pieces of Battering-Cannon-Principals,
+one was found defective
+and unserviceable, and the Expedition had
+like to have set forward, without a Plank
+or Joist for Platforms for the Guns, or any
+Bill-Hooks to cut Fascines and clear the
+Ground, had not Lord <i>Cathcart</i> been informed
+these Things were wanting, and
+wrote timely to have them supplied before
+the Fleet sailed, which lay then at <i>St.
+Hellens</i>.
+</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<p>
+Upon the whole, the Service that has
+been performed best demonstrates the Goodness
+of this Army: How much it has suffered,
+as well as the Reputation of the Nation,
+<span class="pagenum">[58]</span>by the Death of Lord <i>Cathcart</i>, the
+End of the Expedition must resolve.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Thus much may be said in Behalf of
+the common Soldiers, though they were
+raw and undisciplined, they wanted not for
+Courage and Resolution becoming <i>Englishmen</i>.
+</p>
+<br><br>
+<h2>
+<i>FINIS.</i>
+</h2>
+<br>
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/003.jpg" alt="Decoration" width="356" height="261"></div>
+<br>
+<hr class="med">
+<br>
+<h3>
+Footnotes
+</h3>
+<br>
+
+<a name="noteA">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefA"><sup>[<i>A</i>]</sup></a>When Captain <i>Dandridge</i>, of the <i>Wolf</i>, came into
+the Fleet, he acquainted the Admiral, that the Marquis <i>D'Antin</i>
+and twelve Ships of War were then in <i>Port Louis</i>, which was the
+Reason the Admiral pursued his Course up to the Isle of <i>Vache</i>,
+where when the Fleet arrived, a <i>French</i> Officer coming on board
+the <i>Weymouth</i>, told, the Marquis <i>D'Antin</i> was gone Home:
+Upon the Admiral's being informed of this, he sent Captain
+<i>Knowles</i> up in the <i>Spence</i> Sloop to reconnoitre, who
+returned with Answer, that there was but one Ship of War in <i>Port
+Louis</i>, and that the rest were all light Merchant Ships; however the
+Admiral chose to be more certain, and having an Opportunity of sending
+an Answer to the <i>French</i> Officer's Message, the next Day sent
+Captain <i>Knowles</i> and Captain <i>Boscawen</i> ashore to the
+Governor, who being politely received, and satisfied with their
+Remarks, returned in the Evening to the Admiral, and confirmed the
+foregoing Observation, who, without loss of Time, carried the Fleet
+where they could best and speediest be watered.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteB">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefB"><sup>[<i>B</i>]</sup></a> This Success was obtained by the Loss only of six Men aboard
+the <i>Norfolk</i> and <i>Russell</i>, but the <i>Shrewsbury</i>'s
+Cable being shot (before her other Anchor could be veered aground) she
+met with worse Luck: She drove so far as to open the whole Fire of the
+Castle of <i>Boccachica</i>, four of the Enemy's Ships of sixty and
+seventy Guns, that were moored athwart the Harbour's Mouth, the Battery
+of St. <i>Joseph</i>, and two Fascine Batteries, that were on the
+<i>Barradera</i> Side; all this Fire she lay singly exposed to till
+dark, when she took the Benefit of the Land-Wind, and ran off, being
+greatly shattered in her Hull, Masts, and Rigging, and a great many Men
+killed and wounded.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteC">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefC"><sup>[<i>C</i>]</sup></a> It was a Body of eight hundred Grenadiers that first landed,
+who, during the Time that more Troops were sent for (which was upwards
+of two Hours before they came) were kept in the Boats, within twenty
+Yards of the Shore, and so closely crouded, scarce one Man could have
+used his Arms, that had they had any Enemy to have dealt with, but
+dastardly <i>Spaniards</i>, they must and would have been cut all to
+pieces.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteD">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefD"><sup>[<i>D</i>]</sup></a> During the first three Days the Troops were ashore, they
+were employed in no one Thing, no not so much as to clear the Ground
+for their Encampment, but kept under Arms Night and Day (where, by the
+Heat of the Sun, on a white burning Sand, they were scorched to Death,
+and by the Inclemency of the Dews in the Night, they got Colds, so that
+many of them fell sick) whereas had they been instantly employed to
+have encamped and opened Ground in the Woods for that Purpose, they
+would have been shaded by the Trees, freed from the burning Heat of the
+Sand, and many of them preserved from the Enemy's Shot, that missed our
+Battery.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteE">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefE"><sup>[<i>E</i>]</sup></a> In the first Place it must be observed, that there never was
+Application made what particular Ordnance, Stores, <i>&#38;c.</i> to land,
+or any Scheme formed what Sort of Cannon might be necessary, or what
+Quantity of Stores wanting, but the whole was landed, and a
+considerable Part lost by being washed off the Beach by the Sea, and
+several Carriages broke to pieces by the Enemy's Shot, and the rest
+left in Heaps in the utmost Confusion; notwithstanding there were near
+five hundred Seamen appointed for this Purpose; but those Officers,
+whose Business it was to have formed an Artillery Park (though God
+knows they called this so) and disposed of the Stores in a regular
+Manner and Order, were&#8212;&#8212;
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteF">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefF"><sup>[<i>F</i>]</sup></a> Such was the Knowledge of the Sub-Engineers, that not one of
+them knew where to chuse out a Spot of Ground for raising a Battery,
+neither had they prepared Fascines, Pickets, or any Materials, till
+their Principal arrived (and after he had pitched on a Place, he made a
+Demand of thirty thousand Fascines of twelve Foot long, twenty thousand
+of nine Foot long, and forty thousand Pickets, whereas one thousand
+five hundred Fascines built the Battery) who, <i>Vauban</i> like, would
+not begin to work, till all his Materials were on the Spot; and then,
+with five hundred Seamen, two or three hundred Blacks, and as many
+Soldiers as the General could spare for Pioneers, he was ten Days
+erecting a Battery; and when it was done, it was parallel to neither
+Face nor Curtain of the Fortification, and the Breach was made in the
+angular Point of the Bastion, neither was there any safe Communication
+with it, for no Trench was ever cut, or proposed, only a Path through
+the Woods, and that almost in a strait Line; so that every Shot
+enfiladed it, and killed twenty times the Number of Men going to and
+from the Battery, that were killed every where else during the Siege;
+nor would the Engineer be prevailed on (any more than the General) to
+cut off the Communication from the Town to <i>Boccachica</i> (by which
+they might have prevented the Enemy from receiving any Succours by
+Land, seen all their Motions in the Harbour, and hindered any
+Incursions from the Castle) notwithstanding the Admiral frequently
+solicited the General and wrote to him to have it done.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteG">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefG"><sup>[<i>G</i>]</sup></a> This Thing, called a Bomb-Battery, was also a Mark of the
+Genius and Understanding of the Engineers. It was a Platform, laid
+behind a small rising Rock, open on all Sides, no Communication to it,
+either by Trench, Epaulment, or any Security whatsoever, that the Enemy
+saw every Man (from the Castle) that went in, or out, as they were
+obliged to pass over high Ground, to come at the Battery, and then it
+lay quite exposed to the <i>Barradera</i> Battery; so that the Shot
+fired from thence passed in at one End, and out at the other; and if
+they did no Execution there, were sure to do some in the Camp. And as
+to the Usefulness of it, and the Service that was performed by the
+excellent bombardiers, every idle Spectator was a Judge; though it was
+oftentimes observed, by Order, that not six Shells out of forty had
+done Execution, and that, on the contrary, scarce one of forty of the
+Enemy's ever missed.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteH">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefH"><sup>[<i>H</i>]</sup></a> The Camp (it has been observed before) was pitched on a low
+Sand, but being sheltered (as a direct Object) from the
+<i>Barradera</i> Battery, by the Rock that <i>St. Philip</i> stood on,
+could not be seen, but lying in the Line of Direction of the Shot fired
+from thence, at the famous Bomb-Battery, was sure to be flanked by
+every Shot, which missed that, and though it might be prudent to try
+Movings, on this Occasion, yet it was a bad Example to the Soldiers,
+especially when the Chiefs moved off first, and the Thing was done
+without regular and publick Orders; besides the Time it took up at that
+Conjuncture (when more material Works were in Hand, and the Army
+lessening every Day by Sickness, which was not to be regained.) Whereas
+had the Encampment been formed at first, a few Yards up in the Woods,
+none of the Enemy's Guns could have been brought to bear on it, nor
+indeed would they have been able to have discovered where it was;
+besides the great Advantage of Men's being cool, and particularly after
+working; but, as it was placed, instead of a cool Retreat, to retire to
+Rest, after being heated by the warm Labour, their Tents were a hotter.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteI">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefI"><sup>[<i>I</i>]</sup></a> The following Captains were also ordered upon this
+Expedition, vix. Capt. <i>Watson</i>, <i>Coates</i>, <i>Lawrence</i>,
+<i>Coleby</i>, and <i>Laws</i>, and all the Barges and Pinnaces of the
+Fleet. They went away from their Ships about Midnight, and rowed pretty
+far to Leeward, to avoid being seen, or the Noise of their Oars heard,
+and proposed landing in a small sandy Bay, behind the <i>Barradera</i>
+Battery, into which was a narrow Channel, between two Reefs of Rocks,
+and a four Gun Battery on the Strand, facing the Channel (both unknown
+to every Person there) which, so soon as some of the Boats had got into
+the Channel, began to fire on them; but the brave Tars landed, and
+rushed in at the Embrazures, and took Possession of the Battery, before
+the Enemy could fire a second Time. This firing alarmed the
+<i>Barradera</i> Battery, and the Enemy turned three Pieces of Canon on
+the Platform, which they fired with Grape Shot, so soon as the Seamen
+advanced; but notwithstanding that, and the Difficulties and Badness of
+the Road (which was through a Morass, and where but one Man could walk
+abreast, and full of Stumps of Mangroves each a Foot or more high, the
+Seamen attacked it; and, after a smart though short Resistance, carried
+it, took nine Prisoners, spiked up fifteen Guns (from eighteen to
+twenty four Pounders) burned the Carriages, Platforms, Guard-houses,
+and Magazine; and it may with Justice be allowed (from the many
+Difficulties that attended this Action, in Regard to the advantageous
+Situation of the <i>Barradera</i> Battery, the Boats being surprised
+with a four Gun Battery, just as they were going to land, and no Person
+acquainted with the Place) as bold and surprising an Enterprise, as is
+to be met with; and the Consternation it put the Enemy in seems to
+confirm this Opinion; for although <i>Boccachica</i> Castle, and the
+Enemy's four Ships, were not more than Musket Shot off, yet neither
+they, nor <i>St. Joseph</i>'s (which was still nearer) ever fired a
+Shot. So that it seems as if they could not believe the Thing, though
+they saw all in Flames. For this gallant Action the Admiral rewarded
+every common Man with a Dollar apiece.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteK">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefK"><sup>[<i>K</i>]</sup></a> The Success of this Action may be said to have given the
+Army both Spirits and Pleasure (<i>pro tempore</i>) as it freed them
+from the greatest Annoyance of their Camp, and gave them an Opportunity
+of working quietly on their Battery.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteL">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefL"><sup>[<i>L</i>]</sup></a> Because the Enemy made such quick Dispatch in repairing some
+Part of the <i>Barradera</i> Battery, mounting and firing some Pieces
+again, the Army began to reflect, and say, the Battery was not
+effectually destroyed, though hundreds of Men were seen constantly at
+work, and Boats with Cannon, Stores, and Fascines, passing and
+repassing hourly, both from <i>Boccachica</i> and the Ships: But the
+Truth was, the Army was not accustomed to work in that brisk Manner:
+No! Working was no Part of their Trade. However, when the sixty Gun
+Ship went in against the Battery, that the Enemy was obliged to bring
+their Guns to fire at her, the Army cooled in their Resentments, and
+all was well, while the Enemy was quiet.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteM">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefM"><sup>[<i>M</i>]</sup></a> This grand Affair having taken up near a Fortnight in
+raising, and many more Men employed to work, than was necessary (for
+there were five hundred Seamen, between two and three hundred Blacks,
+besides as many Pioneers as could be spared out of the Army) much
+Execution may be expected therefrom: But alas! the Engineers would by
+no Means outdo themselves; the Battery was constructed in a Wood! and
+no more Ground was cleared, than a Space necessary for so stupendous a
+Building (lest the Enemy should see the Army!). For so great Caution
+was used, that before the Wood in the Front of the Battery was cut
+down, it was a Doubt, whether any Guns could be brought to bear on the
+Castle; and as it was, no Guns could be brought to play on the Enemy's
+Shipping, although it was expected they would instantly fire on the
+Battery, and be capable of doing it the greatest Damage; (which they
+did) and had not an Epaulment been thrown up at the East End, every
+Shot from the Ships must have raked the Battery, and destroyed Numbers
+of Men. The Army allowed the Tars behaved gallantly; for it must be
+remarked, they had Seamen to fight the Guns in the Battery, as well as
+help to build it. Whether the Engineers proposed to batter the angular
+Point of the Bastion in Breach is Matter of Doubt, at the first laying
+out of their Battery; (but infinite Reasons may be assigned for the
+Absurdity, besides that great one, of having the Fire of two Flanks to
+destroy, instead of one) however it is generally believed, it was
+Hap-hazard; for the most impartial Judges in the Navy and Army agree,
+if the Enemy had cut down eighty or an hundred Paces of the Woods
+further round the Castle, the Undertaking would have been so difficult,
+as to have shocked the Science of all the Engineers, if not quite
+disheartened them, from so daring an Enterprise.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteN">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefN"><sup>[<i>N</i>]</sup></a> The Position the Enemy had lain their Ships in, was beyond
+all Doubt the most advantageous, could be formed by Man; both for
+opposing any Attempt, that might be made by Shipping on the Entrance
+into the Harbour; or annoy any Battery, that could be raised ashore;
+and as they found no Battery against them, they failed not to play as
+briskly (as <i>Spaniards</i> will do when there is no body to hurt
+them) and did ten times more Damage than the Castle.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteO">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefO"><sup>[<i>O</i>]</sup></a> These Ships were ordered to cannonade purely to oblige the
+General, who, because the Enemy's Ships fired at his Battery, desired
+the Admiral would send Ships to cannonade the Castle, though there was
+a Battery of twenty Guns to fire against five or six (for that was all
+the Castle could bring to bear on the Battery) so they had their Masts
+and Yards shot to pieces, and Numbers of Men killed and wounded,
+without doing any other Damage than beating down the Rubbish; (which
+the Battery would have done in half the Time, as being twice as near)
+for they could not come to hurt the Enemy's Ships, nor did it divert
+their Ships from firing at the Battery.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteP">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefP"><sup>[<i>P</i>]</sup></a> So soon as the Enemy saw the Boats coming to Land, and these
+Ships come to an Anchor close to the Battery, they deserted it, and
+spiked up the Guns; but Captain <i>Watson</i>, and Captain
+<i>Coates</i> marched into it, and ripped up the Platforms, burned them
+and the Carriages, and effectually demolished the Battery: The Enemy
+fired at them from their Shipping, but with-out much Damage.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteQ">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefQ"><sup>[<i>Q</i>]</sup></a> It may be remarked as something extraordinary, that although
+the Army thought the Breach just practicable, they should entirely
+cease firing, the Night before they intended the Attack; as it is a
+sort of an established Rule in all regular Sieges, to keep firing in
+the Night, to prevent the Enemy's removing the Rubbish, that is beat
+down in the Day, which the Enemy would certainly have done, if they had
+been sufficiently strong; for they began that Night a Counter-Battery
+of Fascines on the Ramparts, in order to have disputed it longer, which
+if they had had Time to have finished, and Numbers to have carried on
+both Works together, (<i>viz.</i>) moving the Rubbish from the Foot of
+the Breach, and compleating these Counter-Batteries, they would have
+rendered the Attack as difficult as from the Beginning.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteR">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefR"><sup>[<i>R</i>]</sup></a> The Army having sent in the Night to reconnoitre the Breach,
+and judging it surmountable, resolved this Evening to attack it, and
+after having made their necessary Dispositions, sent off to acquaint
+the Admiral with their Design, and that so soon as three Shells should
+be thrown in the Evening by way of Signal, the Battery should begin to
+fire warmly, till the Soldiers were almost at the Foot of the Breach,
+and then to cease, and they rush in, which had the desired Effect; for
+on the Battery's playing, the Enemy retired off their Ramparts, except
+only one Centinel, and he hid himself behind some Fascines; that the
+Troops mounted the Breach undiscovered, and were actually huzzaing on
+the Ramparts, and hoisting the <i>English</i> Flag, before the Enemy
+were apprised of them; who made the best of their Way out of their
+Castle Gate, excepting two, who were taken Prisoners; so that there was
+not a Musket fired in Opposition, nor a Gun from any of the Enemy's
+Ships, which is both astonishing and remarkable, as their Broadsides
+lay to the Castle, and the Admiral (Don <i>Blass</i>) was aboard. But
+such was the Panick they were in, that happy was he that could get
+first into a Boat to save himself: (and the Don did not look behind
+him). Each Ship was scuttled ready for sinking, and had a large square
+Plug in the Hole; but the <i>St. Philip</i>'s People not readily
+getting them out, set fire to her; the <i>Africa</i> and <i>St.
+Carlos</i> were sunk, as it was intended the <i>Galicia</i> should
+also, in order to prevent any Ship's getting through the Channel, which
+(had the Scheme been effected) would have rendered it difficult to
+pass, if practicable at all, without weighing some one or other of the
+Ships. This Victory (it will readily be allowed) gave the Army a great
+Share of Spirits, as it freed them from Hardships (modern Gentlemen
+Soldiers are not used to) and gave them Possession of an Island (as
+well as the Castle) in which the Enemy could not come to disturb them,
+especially while they had got a Fleet of Ships of War to attend on
+them; for, to their great Glory be it spoken, they could not venture to
+move along Shore without Men of War to attend on them, as they marched,
+and the constant Cry was, <i>Why don't you come to our Assistance?</i>
+Nay, so great a Liking had they to the Sea, that they could not find
+their Way into the Castle, after the Breach was made, without a Sea
+Pilot to conduct them; and what is worth Notice is, he was a
+<i>Spaniard</i>, and a Prisoner; but the General imagined, he might be
+as good a Pilot by Land, as by Sea, and so sent to the Admiral, to
+desire he might shew the Troops the Way into the Castle.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteS">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefS"><sup>[<i>S</i>]</sup></a> The Admiral's Scheme for Attacking <i>St. Joseph</i>'s had
+drawn all the Attention of the Enemy that Way; for so soon as they saw
+the Boats going to Land, their Ships began to fire pretty briskly, and
+<i>St. Joseph</i>'s Battery fired also; but as the Bushes prevented
+their seeing the Men, they did but little Harm. The Enemy sent several
+large Boats full of Men from their Ships into the Battery, which is
+pretty plain they did not expect <i>Boccachica</i> would have been
+attacked at that Time, or consequently they would not have sent them
+there. (Wherefore it is evident, this Scheme facilitated the Army's
+becoming Masters of <i>Boccachica</i>, and put an End to the Dispute
+sooner than was expected, or could possibly have happened, had any
+Nation but pusillanimous <i>Spaniards</i> had the Defence of it; for
+had the Place been defended equal to its Strength and excellent
+Disposition, both of the Ships and Batteries, it would have been a
+difficult Task for the Fleet and Army both to have rendered themselves
+Masters of it.) But so soon as they saw the Castle taken, they made the
+best of their Way off, in what Boats they could get, and abandoned St.
+<i>Joseph</i>'s likewise, leaving only one drunken Man behind (who was
+to have blown it up) so soon as the Boats had got Possession. Captain
+<i>Coates</i> was left to command this Fort, and the Captains
+<i>Knowles</i> and <i>Watson</i> went aboard the <i>Galicia</i>, where
+they found the Captain of her, and about sixty Men, whom they took
+Prisoners, and carried aboard of the Admiral, the rest of the Crew
+having run away with the Boats, and prevented their escaping and
+sinking their Ship, as was intended.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteT">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefT"><sup>[<i>T</i>]</sup></a> <i>Passa Cavallos</i> is a Creek, that parts the grand
+<i>Baru</i> from the Main, through which the Supplies of Provisions
+that come from <i>Tolu</i> and <i>Sina</i> must pass; and here the
+Enemy had erected two small Batteries, one of four Guns, the other of
+eight, which were demolished by the <i>Weymouth</i> and <i>Cruiser</i>.
+The latter was sent up the Creek, to bring away five or six <i>Sina</i>
+Hulks (Vessels so called, as being dug out of one solid Tree, and big
+enough ordinarily to carry twenty Tuns) that lay there, which were very
+useful to the Fleet in watering.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteV">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefV"><sup>[<i>V</i>]</sup></a> Between <i>Castillo Grande</i> and <i>Mancinilla</i> Fort
+is a large Channel, that goes up as it were into another Harbour or
+large Bason; in the Middle of the Channel is a Shoal, that divides it
+into two Channels; on each Side the Shoal the Enemy had moored Ships,
+and sunk them; and in the Channel next the Castle had moored two sixty
+Gun Ships, the <i>Conquestodore</i> and <i>Dragon</i>, and untiled
+their Houses in the Castle, as if intended to defend it; but observing
+the Boats sounding, and well knowing how near the Ships could lay their
+Broadsides against it, they certainly judged right in abandoning it,
+and sinking their Ships, as they must have lost many Men in defending
+them, and those that had happened to have been left, after the Castle
+and Ships had been taken, must have submitted to have been Prisoners;
+for there was no Way of their escaping, either by Land or Water; and as
+their Numbers were not great, it was best collecting them in one Body,
+and at one Place, to make an Effort.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteW">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefW"><sup>[<i>W</i>]</sup></a> Though this Castle was capable of making a pretty good
+Defence, yet the above Reasons justify the Enemy in abandoning it.
+There was in the Castle fifty seven Guns, which the Enemy had spiked
+up, and the Powder they had thrown into the Cistern of Water, and
+spoiled, but most of the Guns were got clear again, and the Castle was
+garisoned with one hundred regular Troops, and about fifty Seamen.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteX">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefX"><sup>[<i>X</i>]</sup></a> This <i>French</i> Ship had been supplying the Enemy with
+Ammunition, and had not had Time to get away, before the Place was
+invested; and during the Siege of <i>Boccachica</i> Castle, had been
+used as an Hospital Ship, to receive the Enemy's wounded, and served to
+carry them to Town, or fetch Ammunition, or Stores, from the Castle, as
+Occasion required, and, to prevent her being destroyed by the
+<i>English</i>, the Enemy chose rather to burn her.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteY">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefY"><sup>[<i>Y</i>]</sup></a> All the Boats of the Fleet having been ordered to hold
+themselves in Readiness for landing the Forces, each respective
+Transport was to shew a Signal Light at Midnight, where the Boats went
+and received the several Regiments according as directed, and from
+thence went and rendezvoused aboard the <i>Weymouth</i> till dawn of
+Day; and after her scouring the Woods briskly with Grape-Shot,
+<i>&#38;c.</i> at half an Hour past four o'Clock in the Morning they were
+landed at a Place called <i>Gratia</i>, formerly a Country House hired
+by the <i>South-Sea</i> Factors, and one <i>Mac Pherson</i>, who had
+also been in that Company's Service, and was well acquainted with the
+Country, was their Guide. But, as throughout the whole, Things were
+done without Order or Method, so they went on still; for
+notwithstanding the Army had been apprised of the Enemy's having made
+Lodgments along the Road, yet they landed without a Grenado Shell, or a
+Field-Piece, and were likewise told, the Road was even and able to
+sustain the Weight of the heaviest Cannon. However, Providence
+continued to favour them better than their own Prudence could have
+guided, and happily they were landed with the Loss only of one Man, and
+two or three wounded, although some Parties of the Enemy attacked them
+twice: At which Time the Ships proved of great Service, as they could
+see every Motion the Enemy made, and fired among them very
+successfully; for no sooner did they attempt to make a Stand and draw
+up, than the Shot dispersed them, and swept off Numbers; so that if the
+Army had vouchsafed to have pushed their Success, it is a general
+received Opinion (even amongst themselves now) they might have rendered
+themselves Masters of the Castle of <i>St. Lazare</i> that Day (even
+without Field-Pieces) for the whole Force of the Town was out against
+them (as they were told by some Prisoners they took and some Deserters)
+and very impolitically divided into several Bodies; and in the Panick
+they were in, and each Party running different Ways, it would have been
+no difficult Task, to have rendered themselves Masters of that small
+Redoubt, if not succeeded in forcing the City Gates; for what had they
+to do, but to follow the Enemy close at their Heels, and slaughter
+them? Before they had got into the Town, the other must; for when they
+were mixed in a Body amongst their Enemy, the Town dared not venture to
+have fired, for fear of killing their own People; but instead of making
+Use of any of these Advantages, they contented themselves in taking
+Possession of the Ground the Enemy had left them Masters of, and there
+posted their Advanced Guards, and retired with the main Body behind
+<i>La Papa</i> to encamp; and here almost as many Days were spent in
+forming an Encampment, as at <i>Boccachica</i>.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteZ">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefZ"><sup>[<i>Z</i>]</sup></a> <i>La Papa</i> is a Convent, which stands on the Top of the
+highest Hill, near <i>Carthagena</i>, and was a most advantageous Part
+for observing the Enemy's Motions, as it overlooked the Town and
+Country for many Leagues round about.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteAA">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefAA"><sup>[<i>A</i>]</sup></a> Though it might have been expected from the Loss and
+Destruction of Ordnance Stores at <i>Boccachica</i>, more Care would
+have been taken here, yet, instead of that, the worthy Officer of the
+Train doubled his Neglect, and Things were in much more Disorder and
+Confusion than they were there, notwithstanding here was Choice of
+Ground to pitch upon for an Artillery Park; but it was too much Trouble
+and Labour to move the Stores from the Place where they were first put
+down in, at landing, and required more Attendance than could be spared
+from the Bottle (and it is a well known Proverb, <i>When the Shepherd's
+away, the Flock will stray</i>,) so that out of two or three hundred
+Men, that were appointed to attend this Service, it was well if thirty
+were found at Work.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteBB">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefBB"><sup>[<i>B</i>]</sup></a> When the Army landed, there were scarce any Works worth
+Notice round the Castle of <i>St. Lazare</i>, but a Fascine Battery of
+five Guns\ on the North Side of the Hill (which was built the Year
+before, when Admiral <i>Vernan</i> bombarded the Town) and was of no
+Service, but in Case of Approaches being made that Way. But as the
+Enemy saw the Army (disposed to Rest rather than Work) go on slowly,
+they took Occasion to improve their Time, and with unwearied Diligence
+set to Work, and in three Days Time completed a four Gun Battery, and
+entrenched themselves in Lines round about the Foot of the Castle,
+which were stronger, and of much more Importance, than the Castle
+itself, and drew those Guns off the Fascine Battery on the North Port,
+and mounted them in this new Battery, and saluted the Army frequently
+with them, whilst they were working on their Bomb-Battery and Lodgment
+for their Advanced Guards.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteCC">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefCC"><sup>[<i>C</i>]</sup></a> It has been remarked, that neither General nor Engineer
+could be prevailed on to cut off the Communication, notwithstanding the
+Admiral represented the Necessity thereof, as the most sure Means to
+distress the Enemy, and had sent the <i>Dunkirk</i> to anchor off the
+<i>Boguilla</i>, to prevent any Embarkation bringing Supplies by Water,
+as he had done the <i>Falmouth</i> at the grand <i>Baru</i>, on the
+Outside of <i>Passa Cavallos</i> (before the taking of
+<i>Boccachica</i>) which effectually prevented any Refreshments coming
+to the Enemy from <i>Tolu</i>, and the River <i>Sina</i>, their
+principal Markets; yet nothing was of Weight enough for its being done
+here, although so very easy, and the Army were complaining heavily, for
+want of Refreshments, and yet suffered Supplies daily to go into the
+Town. The <i>Boguilla</i> is the Mouth of the Lake (behind
+<i>Carthagena</i>) that opens into the Sea, where the Enemy kept a
+Guard of about an hundred Men, and was the only Way possibly they had
+left for Supplies to come to them; and though fresh Provisions were
+scarce in the Camp, and would have been exceedingly beneficial to the
+Sick, yet so little Pains did the Army care to take to get it, that
+when the General was acquainted, that a Drove of three or four hundred
+Head of Oxen were going along the Strand, he did not dispatch a Party
+to intercept them, or endeavour to cut them off, not in three Hours
+after he had been informed of the Thing, and then the Cattle were going
+into the Town. But so far were the Army from being disposed to cut off
+the Communication on that Side, that they were continually forming
+Ideas of the Enemy's coming that Way to attack them, and that they were
+actually raising Batteries on some of the Islands in the Lake, to drive
+them out of the Camp, and could not be convinced to the contrary, till
+the Admiral ordered a large Canoe to be carried over Land, and launched
+into the Lake, which was manned and armed, and an Officer of the
+<i>Weymouth</i> and a Land Officer sent in her round the Lake, to
+reconnoitre; upon whose Return, those dreadful Apprehensions were
+dissipated.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteDD">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefDD"><sup>[<i>D</i>]</sup></a> From the first Sight of the <i>American</i> troops they were
+despised, and as many of them were <i>Irish</i>, (suspected Papists)
+were never employed till now; but as Sickness encreased amongst the
+others (and hourly Attacks expected from the Enemy) it was thought
+expedient to have them ashore; and though it is most certain, there was
+scarce one but knew what Opinion had been conceived of them, nay indeed
+told them, that had not the Fellows been better than they were taken
+for, it was enough to have exasperated them to have deserted. The other
+Soldiers of Lord <i>James Cavendish</i> and Col. <i>Bland</i>'s
+Regiments were as good Troops as any on the Expedition; and after this
+Reinforcement, it was expected the Communication would have been
+immediately cut off; (as it had been suggested Numbers could not be
+spared before) but so far from that, that the Army still complained,
+that they had not Men enough to relieve their Guards; and indeed,
+according to the Number they mounted, <i>Marlborough</i>'s Army would
+scarce have been sufficient; for the Advance Guard consisted of five
+hundred Men, the Picket eight hundred, besides several other Out-Guards
+of one hundred, and some fifty; whereas the Enemy had but one Guard
+(that faced this Way) without their Work, and that of seven Men only.
+Thus were the poor Wretches harassed.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteEE">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefEE"><sup>[<i>E</i>]</sup></a> When the Council of War met, several of the general Officers
+and Colonels dissented from this Resolution, as judging it too rash an
+Undertaking, without a proper Breach being made first, or at least
+before the Place had been well reconnoitred; but in order to solve this
+last Difficulty, there were several Deserters that offered to go as
+Guides, and three of the most intelligent were pitched upon.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteFF">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefFF"><sup>[<i>F</i>]</sup></a> The principal Engineer being killed at <i>Boccachica</i>,
+his Successor (being none of the most knowing in the Science) did not
+chuse any Works should be taken in Hand, as they would expose his
+Ignorance; so chearfully gave into that Opinion.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteGG">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefGG"><sup>[<i>G</i>]</sup></a> After the Majority of the Council of War had determined on
+the Attack, a proper Time was now the Question, as to which the
+Deserters informed them, about two o'Clock in the Morning would be the
+best Time; for the Guards from the Town that nightly patroled round the
+Foot of the Hill would by that Time be returned and gone to their
+respective Homes; because as Duty went hard (their Numbers being but it
+was customary for them, as soon as they had performed their Rout, to go
+to Bed;) and further observed, that when a <i>Spaniard</i> has laid
+himself down to sleep, it is no easy Task to raise him to fight; but
+these Arguments were of no Force to the General; just before Day was
+his Time; accordingly, about four o'Clock in the Morning the Attack
+began, and a Party of Grenadiers, along with Colonel <i>Grant</i>,
+entered the Trenches at the Foot of the Castle; but not being
+sustained, were cut off, and Colonel <i>Grant</i> shot through the
+Body. After this, instead of rushing in, Sword in Hand, and mingling
+with the Enemy in the Trenches, a full Stop was made, and the Men stood
+firing in Plotoons; those that had Room, and could wheel off for
+others, did, but the greatest Part stood and fired all their Ammunition
+away, while the Enemy (as it was now Day-light, and they could take
+Aim) were mowing them down, like Grass, with their Cannon, Musketry,
+and Grenadoes; notwithstanding which, the Troops faced them like Lions,
+and wanted but to have been led on, or told what they were to have
+done, and they certainly would have taken the Place. But, instead of
+that, from the most excellent Disposition that was made, no Officer
+attempted to lead them on, and the Grenado Shells, that should have
+been in the Front, and distributed among the Soldiers, were in Boxes in
+the Rear; nor was there one Length of lighted Match among them. The
+Woolpacks and Scaling Ladders were also in the Rear. But when Colonel
+<i>Grant</i> entered the Trenches, such Call was made for them, that
+some few were carried up the Hill; however as he, poor Gentleman, fell,
+no body else tried to make Use of them; and so amongst other Things
+they were left for the Enemy. As this Scheme was but badly formed from
+the Beginning, (and indeed may be properly called the General's own
+Scheme) so it as unfortunately ended; for the Admiral not being
+acquainted with this Resolution of the Council of War, (either by
+Letter or Message) had not an Opportunity of acting in Conjunction with
+them, and assisting them with a Body of Seamen, as it is evident he
+would have done; for as soon as he was acquainted the Fort was
+attacked, and got up and saw the Troops at a Stand, the Instant a
+Signal could be seen, (at Dawn of Day) he made one for all the Boats in
+the Fleet manned and armed, and sent them with orders to follow the
+General's Directions; but it was too late; before they got ashore, the
+Troops were returned from the Attack.
+</p>
+
+<p class="foot">
+Various are the Accounts of the Loss sustained in this Action; but it
+is generally believed, there were upwards of one hundred Men killed,
+and near two hundred wounded, thirty of whom were taken Prisoners,
+Numbers of Arms, Colours, Drums, Woolpacks, Grenadoes, Pick-axes,
+Shovels, Scaling Ladders, <i>&#38;c.</i> were left behind in the Retreat,
+which the Enemy arrogantly diverted themselves withal, for some Time,
+on the Top of the Hill, taking Care to let the Army see them.
+</p>
+
+<p class="foot">
+As when Faults are committed, the first Thing sought after is an
+Excuse; so, not succeeding in this Attack, the Army now fell to blaming
+the Guides, saying, they had led them the wrong Way; the Guides again
+say, the Army would not follow them the Way they would have led them;
+but had Reason alone been their Guide, sure they should have attacked
+the Castle on the weakest Side; (for they all knew one Side was
+defenceless) whereas they attacked it on the strongest Side, where the
+Hill was most difficult of Access; and when they found themselves
+repulsed, and at a Loss what to do, the speedier they had made their
+Retreat, the smaller had been their Loss.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteHH">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefHH"><sup>[<i>H</i>]</sup></a> The Admiral had sent several Officers in to sound, and try
+if Ships might come near enough to batter, who all gave it, as their
+Opinions, that there could not more than three Ships possibly anchor at
+the upper End of the Harbour; and if they were laid but in a Foot Water
+more than they drew, they would not be in a Point-Blank-Shot, and
+consequently could do no material Execution; however, to convince the
+General, that Ships could be of no manner of Service to him, the
+Admiral caused the <i>Galicia</i> (one of the <i>Spanish</i> Ships) to
+be fitted proper for battering, by forming, between each Port, Merlons
+(or Cases) of six Foot thick, and filled with rammed Earth or Sand, and
+sent her in to cannonade the Town; but it was soon found, she could not
+come hear enough to do any Service; for the enemy had demolished her
+so, in two or three Hours, that she would have sunk in half an Hour
+more, if she had not been drawn off; and it may be established as a
+general Rule, for Ships to go by, that unless they can come within half
+a Musket or Pistol Shot of a Fortification, it will have the Advantage
+of them, for the further you lye off, the more Guns they can bring to
+bear against you; whereas, when you go so near, there can no more Guns
+annoy you, than are mounted within the Length of your Ship; and the
+Difference of Briskness in firing, betwixt a Ship and a Fort, is so
+great, besides the Odds in Number of Guns, that it is impossible to
+withstand a Ship long. After this Experiment the <i>Galicia</i> was
+burned.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteII">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefII"><sup>[<i>I</i>]</sup></a> After the famous Battle of <i>St. Lazare</i>, the Troops
+sickened very fast, insomuch, that by Account delivered in (and the
+General's Report) between <i>Thursday</i> Morning and <i>Friday</i>
+Night, they had dwindled away from 6645 to 3200, and 1200 of these were
+<i>Americans</i>, and not esteemed fit for Service.
+</p>
+
+<a name="noteKK">&nbsp;</a>
+<p class="foot">
+<a href="#noterefKK"><sup>[<i>K</i>]</sup></a> When the Council of War agreed to the Forces being embarked,
+the General urged, that they might come off in the Night, lest the
+Enemy should make a Sortie, so that the Boats were ordered ashore about
+nine o'Clock, and from the Apprehensions they were in of the Enemy's
+being at their Heels, many of them left their Baggage, and Numbers of
+them their Tents and Arms, which the Enemy came the next Morning and
+picked up. The Tents they pitched upon <i>St. Lazare</i> Hill, and
+other Places, where they might best be seen, and by a Flag of Truce
+that had Occasion to pass the next Day, about Exchange of Prisoners,
+they failed not to express their Astonishment at the precipitate
+Retreat of the Army. Thus ended this famous Expedition, that was the
+greatest and most expensive that ever entered the <i>American</i> Seas,
+and which <i>Europe</i> gazed on with Admiration and Attention.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the expedition to
+Carthagena, with explanatory notes and observations, by Sir Charles Knowles
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+</body>
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+
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@@ -0,0 +1,1528 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the expedition to Carthagena,
+with explanatory notes and observations, by Sir Charles Knowles
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An Account of the expedition to Carthagena, with explanatory notes and observations
+
+Author: Sir Charles Knowles
+
+Release Date: November 6, 2008 [EBook #27173]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EXPEDITION TO CARTHAGENA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+AN
+ACCOUNT
+OF THE
+EXPEDITION
+TO
+_CARTHAGENA, &c._
+
+[Price One Shilling.]
+
+See the Plan of the City and Harbour of
+_Carthagena_, published in the _LONDON_
+MAGAZINE for _April_ 1740; which will
+serve to give the Readers of this Pamphlet
+a clearer Idea of its Contents.
+
+
+
+
+AN
+
+ACCOUNT
+
+OF THE
+
+EXPEDITION
+
+TO
+
+CARTHAGENA,
+
+WITH
+
+EXPLANATORY NOTES
+
+AND
+
+OBSERVATIONS.
+
+
+
+THE THIRD EDITION.
+
+
+_Ubi per socordiam vires, tempus, ingenium defluxere, naturae
+infirmitas accusatur: suam quique culpam actores ad negotia
+transferunt._                                       SALLUST.
+
+
+
+_LONDON:_
+Printed for M. COOPER, at the _Globe_ in
+_Pater-noster-Row_.
+
+MDCCXLIII.
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
+without note. Dialect spellings, contractions and discrepancies have
+been retained. The footnotes are lettered from A to I, K to T and V to
+Z. Subsequent footnotes repeat the lettering sequence, beginning with
+an A.
+
+
+
+
+ACCOUNT
+
+OF THE
+
+EXPEDITION
+
+TO
+
+_CARTHAGENA, &c._
+
+
+It having been resolved in a general Council of War, held at _Spanish_
+Town, to prevent, if possible, the _French_ Fleet joining the Enemy
+before any Expedition should be undertaken by Land: the _Wolf_ Sloop,
+Captain _Dandridge_, was dispatched up to _Port Louis_, to observe if
+the Fleet was in that Port: And on the 22d of _January_, which was the
+soonest the Fleet could be got ready for the Sea, Sir _Chaloner Ogle_
+and his Division sailed out of _Port Royal_ Harbour; and two Days after
+Mr. _Lestock_ and his Division; and on the _Monday_ following the
+Admiral with the rest of the Squadron (leaving behind him the
+_Falmouth_ and _Litchfield_ to bring up the Transports;) but the Land
+Breeze failing, and a great Swell rolling down, obliged them to anchor
+at the _Keys_ (where the _Augusta_ drove ashore, and beat off her
+Rudder, and great part of her Keel.) On the 28th the Admiral weighed
+Anchor, and plied up to Windward, and the 31st joined Sir _Chaloner
+Ogle_ and Mr. _Lestock_ with their Divisions off _Port Morant_, and the
+Day following was joined by the _Falmouth_, _Litchfield_, and
+Transports. _February_ the 7th the Fleet made Cape _Tiberoon_ on the
+Island _Hispaniola_, and off there was joined by the _Cumberland_,
+Captain _Stewart_, from _Lisbon_, (who had been separated from the
+Fleet in the Storm the 1st of _November_) and the next Day the _Wolf_
+Sloop came into the Fleet[_A_] and brought with her a _French_ Sloop.
+The 13th the Fleet anchored at the Isle of _Vache_, about two Leagues
+to the Westward of _Port Louis_, where they stayed but four Days,
+having gained Intelligence the _French_ Fleet was divided, and sailed
+(the Marquis _D'Antin_ and twelve Sail being gone for _Old France_, and
+Mr. _Rochefieulle_ and six Sail for _Petit Guavas_) upon which the
+Fleet went and anchored in _Tiberoon_, _Donna Maria_, and _Irish_ Bays,
+to Wood and Water; and on the 25th sailed from thence, when the
+_Weymouth_, _Experiment_, and _Spence_ Sloop, were dispatched ahead
+over to _Carthagena_, to sound _Punta Canoa_ Bay, for the safer
+anchoring the Fleet, which arrived there the 5th of _March_ in the
+Evening; and three Days after the same Ships, together with the
+_Dunkirk_, were ordered by the Admiral down off _Boccachica_, to sound
+and see if the Fleet might safely anchor there, and how near Ships
+might come to batter the Forts of _St. Philip_ and _St. Jago_; and so
+soon as the Admiral had received the Reports from the Commanders of
+these Ships, a Council of War was held, wherein it was resolved to send
+three eighty Gun Ships, the _Norfolk_, Captain _Graves_, the
+_Shrewsbury_, Captain _Townsend_, and the _Russell_, Captain _Norris_,
+to batter the Forts abovementioned; the _Princess Amelia_, Captain
+_Hemmington_, to fire against the Fascine Battery, and the
+_Litchfield_, Captain _Cleveland_, against the little Battery of
+_Chamba_; (but these two last the Enemy had abandoned) and accordingly
+the 9th in the Morning they weighed Anchor from _Punta Canoa_ Bay,
+together with Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, and the rest of his Division, (he
+being to command the Attack) and about two Hours afterwards, the
+Admiral and the rest of the Fleet got under sail: At Noon the
+_Norfolk_, _Russell_, and _Shrewsbury_ began to cannonade the Forts,
+and in about three Hours time drove the Enemy from their Guns, and
+obliged them to abandon their Forts[_B_]: Immediately on this Sir
+_Chaloner Ogle_ made the Signal for landing the Troops, which was
+repeated by the Admiral, who was just come to an Anchor, (a little to
+the Eastward) and about five o'clock in the Evening, a Body of Troops
+were landed without Opposition; but the General not thinking the Body
+sufficient, (he landing with them) embarked again in the Boats, and
+sent for more[_C_]. About eight o'Clock they landed again, and went and
+took Possession of the Forts of _St. Philip_ and _St. Jago_, and about
+nine the Bomb-ketches were carried in Shore, and began to play on the
+Castle of _Boccachica_. The three next Days were spent in landing the
+remainder of the Forces, the Baggage, _&c._[_D_] and by the 16th all
+the Cannon, Mortars, and Ordnance Stores were landed[_E_]. But the
+principal Engineer not arriving till the 15th, no Spot was pitched upon
+for raising a Battery[_F_] against the Enemy, so that the clearing a
+few Bushes away down by the Water Side, for to pitch their Tents, was
+all the material Work the Army did for near a Week; and the Enemy was
+contented to let them be pretty quiet, only now and then firing a Shot,
+until they opened a Bomb-Battery of four Mortars and some Royals on the
+17th[_G_], and then the Fascine Battery on the _Barradera_ Side annoyed
+them greatly, and particularly the Camp, so that they were obliged to
+remove it several Paces off.
+
+[_H_]This being represented to the Admiral, Orders were given for all
+Boats of the Squadron to be ready at Midnight (manned and armed) to go
+to surprize the _Barradera_ Battery, and the Command given to Captain
+_Boscawen_[_I_], in which they happily succeeded, spiked up all the
+Guns; burnt the Carriages, Platforms, and Guard-house; destroyed the
+Magazine, and took several Prisoners[_K_]. The next Morning, as soon as
+it was Day, the Enemy from _Boccachica_ began to fire warmly at the
+Bomb-Battery, (as if they were angry at what happened the Night before)
+though without doing them any particular Damage; and as they were
+sensible of the Usefulness and advantageous Situation of this Battery,
+they set busily about repairing some Part of it, and on the 20th had
+built up some Embrazures and mounted two Guns, and fired them on the
+Bomb-Battery again, which the Admiral observing, ordered the _Rippon_,
+a sixty Gun ship, to go and anchor as near it, as possible, and keep
+firing on it to prevent the Enemy's working on it any farther[_L_], so
+that all the next Day the Army was in a State of Tranquillity, and on
+_Sunday_ the 22d their grand Battery of twenty Guns being finished,
+about eight o'Clock in the Morning began to play very briskly on the
+Castle, as did the Bomb-Battery, and thirty or forty Cohorns and Royals
+planted on the Platform behind the Cannon[_M_], which the Enemy
+returned as briskly from the Castle, the four Ships[_N_] (Don _Blass_'s
+in particular) _St. Joseph_'s, and some few Guns from the _Barradera_,
+so that the Work was warm on both Sides. On the 23d the _Boyne_,
+_Suffolk_, _Tilbury_, _Prince Frederick_, and _Hampton Court_, were
+ordered in against _Boccachica_ to cannonade[_O_]; but the _Boyne_
+having anchored so far to Leeward, as to lie exposed to the whole Fire
+of the Enemy's Ships, and _St. Joseph_'s Battery, was much shattered,
+and ordered off again that Night. The _Prince Frederick_ and _Hampton
+Court_, sharing the Fire of the Enemy, that had been employed against
+the _Boyne_, were also much shattered by Morning, when they were
+likewise ordered to come off; the former having lost her Captain, and
+both many Men killed and wounded. The _Suffolk_ and _Tilbury_ happening
+to anchor well to the Northward, lay battering till the next Evening
+(and with some Success, particularly against the Breach) when the
+Admiral sent Orders for them to draw off. The Army now began to look on
+the Breach as accessible, but the Guns in the _Barradera_ Battery,
+being able to annoy them in their Attack, a Representation thereof was
+made to the Admiral, who immediately directed the _Princess Amelia_,
+_Litchfield_, and _Shoreham_, to go in, and anchor as nigh it as
+possible, and sent the Boats of the Squadron again mann'd and arm'd,
+under the Command of Captain _Watson_ to destroy it[_P_], which they
+did effectually, and with scarce any Opposition; the greatest part of
+the Guns in _Boccachica_ Castle being now dismounted, the Army thought
+proper to entertain the Enemy's Ships, by widening five or six
+Embrazures of their Battery, and playing some Guns on them, which the
+Ships as civilly returned, 'till Night closed in, and firing ceased on
+both Sides[_Q_]. The 25th in the Morning it was discovered, the Enemy
+had been throwing up some Fascine Works on the Ramparts; however as
+they had not moved away any Rubbish from the Breach, it was resolved
+this Evening to attack it by Storm[_R_], and accordingly soon after
+Sun-set a Body of Troops marched up and mounted the Breach
+undiscovered, and quietly took Possession of the Castle, the Enemy
+flying out at the Gate so soon as they saw the Troops on the Ramparts,
+and heard their Huzza's. Those aboard their Ships were in the utmost
+Consternation at such a sudden and successful Event, and with all
+precipitate Surprize betook themselves to their Boats, setting Fire to
+one of their Ships, and sinking two others. At the same time the Attack
+was to be made on the Castle, (in order to divide the Enemy's Forces)
+the Admiral had given Orders for the Attack of the Castle of _St.
+Joseph_ by Boats, and sent them away under the Command of Captain
+_Knowles_, who took Possession of it about ten a Clock at Night, the
+Enemy abandoning it after firing some Guns: The Boats afterwards went
+and took Possession of the _Galicia_, the _Spanish_ Admiral's Ship, and
+then went to Work on cutting the Boom[_S_], and moving the _Galicia_
+out of the Channel; and next Morning the Admiral in the _Princess
+Caroline_, the _Worcester_, and some other Ships sailed into the
+Harbour of _Carthagena_, and the whole Fleet and Transports continued
+to sail and warp in as fast as conveniently they could. The Enemy
+seeing the Admiral and several Ships got into the Harbour, began to
+expect a Visit at _Castillo Grande_ soon, and as _Mancinilla_ Fort lay
+opposite to it within Gun-shot, and was not capable of making any great
+Defence, they thought proper to destroy it, lest we should take
+Possession of it, and so batter the Castle. On the 28th the Admiral
+being informed of two small Batteries that guarded the _Passa
+Cavallos_[_T_], sent the _Weymouth_ and _Cruiser_ Sloop to demolish
+them, and take all the Imbarkations and Canoes that were there; and
+disposed the Fire-ships and small Frigates round the Harbour, to guard
+every Pass and Creek, in order to cut off any Supplies going to the
+Town. On the 30th the Rear-Admiral and several Ships turned up the
+Harbour, and anchored a small Distance from _Castillo Grande_, where
+the Enemy made a Shew of preparing to receive them;[_V_] and in order
+to stop the Fleet here, had sunk seven Ships across the Channel, and
+moored two of their Men of War, the _Conquestodore_ of sixty six Guns,
+and the _Dragon_ of sixty. The 31st early in the Morning, Captain
+_Knowles_ observed the enemy's two Men of War sunk, and not perceiving
+any Men in the Castle went and acquainted Sir _Chaloner Ogle_, that it
+was his Opinion the Enemy had abandoned _Castillo Grande_, who
+immediately ordered him to weigh Anchor, and run in with his Ship, and
+fire on it, which he did; and the Castle making no return, he sent his
+Boats ashore, and took Possession of it, and hoisted the _English_
+Flag: And on the Admiral's receiving Intelligence, he ordered a proper
+Number of Forces to garison it[_W_]. The next Day Captain _Griffin_,
+and Captain _Rentone_, were sent to see if it was possible to get past
+the Enemy's Ships they had sunk, and finding the _Conquestodore_'s
+Stern afloat, the _Burford_ warped up, and cut the Stern Moorings, and
+hove her round, which opened a fair Channel, and the Bomb-Ketches, and
+two twenty Gun Ships went through. By this Time the Admiral, and
+greatest Part of the Squadron, were come up the Harbour. Mr. _Lestock_
+and his Division was left at _Boccachica_, with Orders to reimbark the
+Forces, and Cannon as fast as possible. The second in the Morning the
+Bomb-Ketches began to play on the Town, and some of the Guns of
+_Castillo Grande_, that were cleared, fired on a _French_ Ship that lay
+up at the Head of the Harbour[_X_], upon which the Enemy set fire to
+her, and she burned the greatest Part of the Day. Next Day the
+_Weymouth_ getting through the Channel, the Town began to fire on her,
+but without doing any material Damage. Great Part of the Transports
+with the Troops being now come up the Harbour, this Night the
+_Weymouth_, the three Fire-ships, and the _Cruiser_ Sloop, being
+designed by the Admiral to cover the landing of the Forces, warped over
+on the other Side the Harbour undiscovered by the Enemy, who in the
+Morning, to shew their Resentment, gave them a Salvo of what Cannon
+fronted that Way; (but firing through the Bushes did no Execution) the
+_Cruiser_ Sloop drawing but little Water, warped up a Creek, and a
+Party of the Enemy from a Breast-work they had thrown up, fired smartly
+on her with their Musketry, but were quickly dislodged, a brisk fire,
+chiefly with Grape Shot, having been kept all Night to scour the Woods.
+About 5 o'Clock next Morning, being the 5th, the Forces were
+landed[_Y_], and in their marching up from the Waterside had a small
+Skirmish with some of the Enemy's Troops that had made a Lodgment in
+the Woods, whom they soon put to Flight; and about a Mile further were
+attacked a second Time, but the Enemy as soon shewed their Backs again.
+Finding the Country open hereabouts, the Army did not chuse to make any
+further Advances, so they pitched on a Place for encamping, and the
+Evening sent a Party up to _La Papa_ to take Possession of that, if the
+Enemy had abandoned it[_Z_]. In the mean while all possible Dispatch
+was made in landing the Baggage, Provision, Cannon, Ammunition,
+_&c._[_A_] which the Enemy surprisingly suffered, notwithstanding the
+landing Place was within reach of the Guns of _St. Lazare_; yet they
+fired but seldom, for it appeared afterwards their Attention was more
+towards their own Safety, (or 'tis certain they might have done a great
+deal of Mischief;) for whilst the Army were employed, and getting their
+things ashore, the Enemy were as busy in making a Fascine Battery of
+four Pieces of Cannon on the Brow of the Hill, and carrying on a Trench
+(or Line) round the Foot of the Castle, which they completed in a very
+short Time[_B_], quicker than the Army could make a Battery only for
+three Mortars, and throw up a small Breast-work for their Advance
+Guards. But no Care was yet taken to cut off the Communication between
+Town and Country[_C_]. Complaints now began to be made, that the Number
+of Sick was greatly increased in the Camp; upon which the Admiral
+immediately supplied them with a Detachment of Lord _James Cavendish_
+and Colonel _Bland_'s Regiments, that had remained aboard the Ships as
+part of their Compliments, and a Body of such _Americans_ as were fit
+for Duty[_D_]. Upon this Reinforcement, and the Apprehensions of the
+rainy Seasons, which were daily expected, on the eighth in the
+Afternoon a Land Council of War was held [_E_], wherein it was resolved
+to attack the Castle and Trenches of _St. Lazare_, (without first
+raising a Battery to make a Breach) and to this Resolution the Engineer
+joined in Opinion[_F_]. Accordingly on the ninth in the Morning between
+three and four o'Clock the Attack was made, and maintained very
+resolutely on both Sides till between six and seven, when the Enemy
+obliged the Forces to retreat after a considerable Loss of Officers and
+Men[_G_]. After the Miscarriage of this Scheme (which was the occasion
+of the Town's not being taken) the Army sickened surprisingly fast, and
+those that were killed being esteemed the Flower of the Flock, the
+General declared he was no longer in a Condition to defend himself,
+much more to carry on a Siege against the Place, and hoped, if the
+Admiral (who had ordered the _Weymouth_ to erect a Bomb-Battery, which
+was finished and played in two Days) expected any Thing to be done, he
+would order some Ships in to cannonade the Town[_H_], otherwise desired
+these Things might be considered in a general Council of War, of Sea
+and Land Officers, and accordingly on the 15th a Council of War was
+held, who came to a Resolution (upon the General's Representation of
+the bad State of the Army)[_I_], to have the Cannon and Forces
+reimbarked with all convenient Speed, and the 17th in the Night the
+Troops were accordingly[_K_] taken off the Shore.
+
+Nothing remained now but to get the Fleet and Transports ready for Sea,
+and to demolish the Castles and Fortifications already taken, which
+last was effectually done by blowing them up, and by the 12th of _May_
+the whole Fleet and Forces had taken leave of _Carthagena_.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+In order more fully and clearly to form a Judgment of the foregoing
+Expedition, it may not be improper to subjoin this Narrative of the
+Enemy's Situation, Strength, and Disposition at _Carthagena_, as the
+Fleet and Forces found them on their Arrival there: And in order to
+carry it on agreeable to the Advances that were made, begin with a
+_Disposition_ of _Punta Canoa_ Bay, where the Fleet first anchored.
+This Bay is about five Miles to the North West of the City of
+_Carthagena_, but not an extraordinary good anchoring Place, as the
+Water is shoal a great Way off the Shore, and the Coast pretty strait,
+that Ships are not much sheltered with the Point of Land, from the
+Violence of the Breezes that generally blow. In the Bottom of this Bay
+is an Entrance into the great Lake of _Jesea_, (called the _Boquilla_)
+where the Enemy had a small Fascine Battery of four Pieces of Cannon,
+and kept a Guard; but upon the Fleet's Arrival, (and during the Time
+they continued to lie there) a considerable Number of the Enemy's
+Forces, both Horse and Foot, kept constantly there, expecting a
+Descent. The next Place of Note was the _Cruizes_, where the Enemy kept
+a Guard ordinarily of a hundred Men: This Place is about half Way from
+the _Boquilla_ to the Town, and guards a narrow Creek or Pass from the
+Town to the Lake, called _Passa de Juan D'Ingola_, through which
+Supplies come in Canoes from the other Side of the Lake to the Town: As
+for the City itself, Nature has fortified that against any Attempt by
+Sea, the Water shoaling near a League off, and the Shore being
+plentifully bounded with Rocks; besides, the Sea is very seldom smooth,
+so that it is difficult at all Times landing. However, as the Enemy
+knew the Bravery of those they had to deal with, they began to wall
+this Side of the Town, and make a Ravelin in the Middle, there being
+already a strong Bastion at each End. _Bocca Grande_ being the next
+Place the Enemy suspected an Attempt might be designed, had posted two
+of their Men of War, the _Conquestodore_ of sixty six Guns, and the
+_Dragon_ of sixty to guard it, and began two Fascine Batteries, one on
+each Point of the Entrance. This Passage, called _Bocca Grande_, was
+formerly the principal Entrance into the Harbour, but by Storms, and
+the Force of the Sea, a Bank was thrown up, which quite closed the
+Entrance, and then it was called _Bocca Serrada_; but as strange
+Revolutions are frequent in these Countries, within these few Years
+this Passage has broke out again, and there is now nine or ten Foot
+Water in it. About three Miles below this, on the Island of _Terra
+Bomba_, was a small Fort of four Guns, called _Battery de Chamba_; and
+half a Mile further, a Fascine Battery of twelve Guns, (both of these
+the Enemy had abandoned.) The next Places of Defence were the Forts of
+_St. Philip_ and _St. Jago_, one of seven Guns, the other of fifteen,
+which served as Redoubts to the Castle of _Boccachica_. One of these
+Forts was built on the Rock _Ponti_ landed on, and probably to prevent
+any one's landing there again, (especially so easily as he did.) The
+Castle of _Boccachica_ was the Enemy's chief Dependance, as it guarded
+the Entrance into the Harbour. It is a regular Square, with four
+Bastions well built, and was capable of making a stout Defence if well
+garisoned, and would have been much stronger had the Glacis and
+Counterscarp been finished. There was mounted in it eighty two Guns,
+and three Mortars, and the Enemy had cleared three or four hundred
+Yards of the Woods round it, to prevent Approaches being made
+undiscovered, (as _Ponti_ did in 1697.) On the other Side the Harbour's
+Mouth was a Fascine Battery of fifteen Guns, called the _Barradera_;
+and in a small Bay a back of that, another Battery of four Guns; and
+facing the Entrance of the Harbour, on a small flat Island, stood _St.
+Joseph_'s Fort of twenty one Guns: From this Fort to _Boccachica_
+Castle a Boom and Cables were fixed across, fastened with three large
+Anchors at each End; and just within the Boom was moored in a Line four
+Men of War, the _Galicia_ of sixty six Guns, (aboard which was the
+Admiral Don _Blass D'Leso_,) the _Africa_ and _St. Carlos_, each of
+sixty six Guns, and the _St. Philip_ of seventy Guns, which spread the
+Width of the Harbour's Mouth, that there was not room for a Ship either
+to pass a head or a stern of them, so that it was impossible for
+shipping to force an Entrance into the Harbour; and had the Enemy here
+made a Defence equal to the admirable Disposition they had formed, it
+must have been a difficult Task for the Fleet to have got in, even
+after _Boccachica_ Castle was taken. About four or five Miles from
+hence is a Creek, or Passage, that parts the Grand _Baru_ from the Main
+called _Passa Cavallos_, through which there is Water enough for small
+Vessels: This Pass the Enemy had defended with two Fascine Batteries,
+one of eight Guns, the other of four, as well to protect their own
+Imbarkations that come this Way with Provisions from _Tolu_, and the
+River _Sina_, as to prevent any Attempts being made this Way. The next
+place of Defence was _Castillo Grande_, which is about eight Miles up
+the Harbour. This Castle is a regular Square with four Bastions, strong
+and well built, and defended to the Land by a wet Ditch and Glacis
+proper, and one Face towards the Sea has a Raveline, and a double Line
+of Guns. This Castle can mount sixty one Guns, though there was but
+fifty seven in it. Opposite to this was a Horse-shoe Battery of twelve
+Guns, called _Mancinilla_; and in the Middle between these two Forts is
+a large Shoal with not above two or three Foot Water on it, which
+divides the Channel into two: In each of these Passages were Ships sunk
+across, to prevent, if possible, the Fleet's getting by; for that Part
+of the Harbour above these Castles is a perfect Bason, and seems rather
+like one Harbour within another, so that if some of the Ships could not
+have got past to have covered the Troops landing (where they did) they
+must have marched several Miles, and been greatly exposed; besides, it
+would have been excessively difficult transporting the Cannon, neither
+could the Bomb-Ketches have got near enough this Way to have diverted
+the Town; so that the Intent of this Disposition was exceeding good,
+had it been effectually executed, (but Fear made the Enemy work in too
+much Hurry.) Near three Miles further up the Harbour, on two flat sandy
+Islands, or Keys, stands the famous City of _Carthagena_, and _Himani_,
+called its Suburbs, which are both irregular Figures, but well
+fortified to the Land with strong Bastions at proper Distances, and
+Lakes and Morasses running round them; and the Water at the Head of the
+Harbour shoal so far off, that Ships cannot come near enough to do any
+material Execution with their Guns, which adds much to its Strength.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+About a Quarter of a Mile from the Gate of _Himani_, on a pretty high
+Eminence, stands the Castle (or Redoubt) of _St. Lazare_, which in
+itself is but trifling, but its Situation very advantageous, and by
+some new Works lately thrown up much strengthened. This Redoubt
+overlooks all the Town, but has a Brow of a Hill (about four hundred
+Yards from it) that overlooks it as much, and entirely commands it,
+where would have been a proper Place to have raised a Battery, which
+the Enemy full well knew, for they constantly kept a Guard there, to
+observe the Army's Motions. As it was this famous Castle put an End to
+the Siege of _Carthagena_, a particular Description of it may not be
+unwelcome.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+The Hill it stands on is about fifty or sixty Foot high, naturally
+steep, but made more so by the Earth out of the Trenches and Lines
+being thrown over the Brow. The Castle is a Square of about fifty Foot,
+with three Demi-Bastions, two Guns in each Face, one in each Flank, and
+three in each Curtain. When the Army first landed, there was no
+material Works about the Castle, but a Fascine Battery, of five Guns at
+the North End of the Hill, facing the Brow of the commanding Hill
+abovementioned; but whilst they were encamping, _&c._ the Enemy cut
+Lines round the Foot of the Castle, and erected another Fascine-Battery
+on the South Brow of the Hill, and brought four Guns out of the North
+Battery, and mounted in this, as it commanded the Ascent of the Hill
+best; these Lines ran in Traverses, and communicated from Battery to
+Battery, and were a better Defence, and much stronger, than all the
+other Works together. After the Attack, the Enemy being able to judge
+where their Foible lay, mounted two Guns in the Lines, against the
+angular Point of one of the Bastions (which was not defended) where the
+Troops ascended the Hill, and to the South Part of the Hill lengthened
+their Lines, and made a Stair-case up the Hill, to the Fascine-Battery,
+and a Breast-work cross the Road, from the Foot of the Hill down to the
+Water-side, which effectually blocked themselves up, and was a Security
+against the Army's making a second Attack, and coming at them the right
+Way, as they might have done at first, had they taken the Guide's
+Advice. The Side next the Town is quite defenceless, and the Way into
+the Castle up a Ladder, on that Side, which draws up, like a Bridge.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+From the several Examinations of Deserters it appeared, the Number of
+the Enemy did not exceed four thousand, (regular Forces, Seamen,
+Militia, Blacks, and Indians included) and daily Experience convinced
+us of the Goodness of their Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gunners, as
+Desertion and Cowardice convinced us of the Badness of others.
+
+Having given an Account of the Enemy's Situation and Strength, it may
+likewise be necessary to relate some Account of the State of the Army,
+and what pretty Instruments and Materials they were furnished withal.
+That the whole Body of the Troops, that came from _England_ (unless two
+Regiments) were raw, new raised, undisciplined Men, is a Fact known to
+every one; and the greatest Part of the Officers commanding them,
+either young Gentlemen whose Quality or Interest entitled them to
+Preferment, or abandoned Wretches of the Town, whose Prostitution had
+made them useful on some dirty Occasion, and by Way of Reward were
+provided for in the Army; but both these Sorts of Gentlemen had never
+seen any Services, consequently, knew not properly how to act, or
+command; so that the worthy old experienced Officers, who had served
+long and well, underwent a continual Hardship, in teaching and
+disciplining a young raw Army, at a Time when they were on Service, and
+every one ought to have been Masters of their Trade, instead of having
+it to learn; and thus, by more frequently exposing themselves, most of
+them were knocked on the Head. As for the _American_ Troops, they were
+in general many Degrees worse, but the Officers in particular, who were
+composed of Blacksmiths, Taylors, Shoemakers, and all the Banditti that
+Country affords, insomuch, that the other Parts of the Army held them
+in scorn. And for Engineers, Bombardiers, and Gunners, worse never bore
+the Name, or could be picked out of all _Europe_.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+Amongst the ten Engineers, there was but one who ever saw a Siege (and
+that was the simple Siege of _Gibraltar_) and he was killed at
+_Boccachica_, in the midst of his own defenceless Works; so that the
+rest may justly have been said to be left without a Head. As for the
+Bombardiers and Gunners, the Colonel commanding the Train was in his
+grand Climacterick, and consequently very unfit to be sent upon this
+Expedition; but he, poor Gentleman, was soon dispatched (thanks to the
+Ignorance of the Engineers) and his Successor took care to render
+himself as unfit for Duty, by Excess of Drinking, as Old Age rendered
+the other; and as to Inferiors of both Sorts, Bombardiers and
+Cannoneers, many of them were Country Fellows, who told the General
+they were provided for in the Train for voting for Mr. ---- and Mr.
+such a one, _&c._ Out of these few that were good, by constant
+Attendance and Duty's falling hard few were left, and indeed they had
+not many Opportunities of shewing their Abilities, the Materials they
+were provided withal being mostly bad; for two thirds of the
+Bomb-Shells either broke short in the Air, or their Fusees went out,
+and they never broke at all; nor were there one in three of the
+Grenadoes would burst; the Shells were so thick, and the Cavity so
+small, they would not hold Powder sufficient to crack them; nay, so
+little Care was taken in providing and packing up proper Materials for
+a Train of Artillery, that out of eight Pieces of
+Battering-Cannon-Principals, one was found defective and unserviceable,
+and the Expedition had like to have set forward, without a Plank or
+Joist for Platforms for the Guns, or any Bill-Hooks to cut Fascines and
+clear the Ground, had not Lord _Cathcart_ been informed these Things
+were wanting, and wrote timely to have them supplied before the Fleet
+sailed, which lay then at _St. Hellens_.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+Upon the whole, the Service that has been performed best demonstrates
+the Goodness of this Army: How much it has suffered, as well as the
+Reputation of the Nation, by the Death of Lord _Cathcart_, the End of
+the Expedition must resolve.
+
+Thus much may be said in Behalf of the common Soldiers, though they
+were raw and undisciplined, they wanted not for Courage and Resolution
+becoming _Englishmen_.
+
+_FINIS._
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+Footnotes
+
+
+[_A_] When Captain _Dandridge_, of the _Wolf_, came into the Fleet, he
+acquainted the Admiral, that the Marquis _D'Antin_ and twelve Ships of
+War were then in _Port Louis_, which was the Reason the Admiral pursued
+his Course up to the Isle of _Vache_, where when the Fleet arrived, a
+_French_ Officer coming on board the _Weymouth_, told, the Marquis
+_D'Antin_ was gone Home: Upon the Admiral's being informed of this, he
+sent Captain _Knowles_ up in the _Spence_ Sloop to reconnoitre, who
+returned with Answer, that there was but one Ship of War in _Port
+Louis_, and that the rest were all light Merchant Ships; however the
+Admiral chose to be more certain, and having an Opportunity of sending
+an Answer to the _French_ Officer's Message, the next Day sent Captain
+_Knowles_ and Captain _Boscawen_ ashore to the Governor, who being
+politely received, and satisfied with their Remarks, returned in the
+Evening to the Admiral, and confirmed the foregoing Observation, who,
+without loss of Time, carried the Fleet where they could best and
+speediest be watered.
+
+[_B_] This Success was obtained by the Loss only of six Men aboard the
+_Norfolk_ and _Russell_, but the _Shrewsbury_'s Cable being shot
+(before her other Anchor could be veered aground) she met with worse
+Luck: She drove so far as to open the whole Fire of the Castle of
+_Boccachica_, four of the Enemy's Ships of sixty and seventy Guns, that
+were moored athwart the Harbour's Mouth, the Battery of St. _Joseph_,
+and two Fascine Batteries, that were on the _Barradera_ Side; all this
+Fire she lay singly exposed to till dark, when she took the Benefit of
+the Land-Wind, and ran off, being greatly shattered in her Hull, Masts,
+and Rigging, and a great many Men killed and wounded.
+
+[_C_] It was a Body of eight hundred Grenadiers that first landed, who,
+during the Time that more Troops were sent for (which was upwards of
+two Hours before they came) were kept in the Boats, within twenty Yards
+of the Shore, and so closely crouded, scarce one Man could have used
+his Arms, that had they had any Enemy to have dealt with, but dastardly
+_Spaniards_, they must and would have been cut all to pieces.
+
+[_D_] During the first three Days the Troops were ashore, they were
+employed in no one Thing, no not so much as to clear the Ground for
+their Encampment, but kept under Arms Night and Day (where, by the Heat
+of the Sun, on a white burning Sand, they were scorched to Death, and
+by the Inclemency of the Dews in the Night, they got Colds, so that
+many of them fell sick) whereas had they been instantly employed to
+have encamped and opened Ground in the Woods for that Purpose, they
+would have been shaded by the Trees, freed from the burning Heat of the
+Sand, and many of them preserved from the Enemy's Shot, that missed our
+Battery.
+
+[_E_] In the first Place it must be observed, that there never was
+Application made what particular Ordnance, Stores, _&c._ to land, or
+any Scheme formed what Sort of Cannon might be necessary, or what
+Quantity of Stores wanting, but the whole was landed, and a
+considerable Part lost by being washed off the Beach by the Sea, and
+several Carriages broke to pieces by the Enemy's Shot, and the rest
+left in Heaps in the utmost Confusion; notwithstanding there were near
+five hundred Seamen appointed for this Purpose; but those Officers,
+whose Business it was to have formed an Artillery Park (though God
+knows they called this so) and disposed of the Stores in a regular
+Manner and Order, were----
+
+[_F_] Such was the Knowledge of the Sub-Engineers, that not one of them
+knew where to chuse out a Spot of Ground for raising a Battery, neither
+had they prepared Fascines, Pickets, or any Materials, till their
+Principal arrived (and after he had pitched on a Place, he made a
+Demand of thirty thousand Fascines of twelve Foot long, twenty thousand
+of nine Foot long, and forty thousand Pickets, whereas one thousand
+five hundred Fascines built the Battery) who, _Vauban_ like, would not
+begin to work, till all his Materials were on the Spot; and then, with
+five hundred Seamen, two or three hundred Blacks, and as many Soldiers
+as the General could spare for Pioneers, he was ten Days erecting a
+Battery; and when it was done, it was parallel to neither Face nor
+Curtain of the Fortification, and the Breach was made in the angular
+Point of the Bastion, neither was there any safe Communication with it,
+for no Trench was ever cut, or proposed, only a Path through the Woods,
+and that almost in a strait Line; so that every Shot enfiladed it, and
+killed twenty times the Number of Men going to and from the Battery,
+that were killed every where else during the Siege; nor would the
+Engineer be prevailed on (any more than the General) to cut off the
+Communication from the Town to _Boccachica_ (by which they might have
+prevented the Enemy from receiving any Succours by Land, seen all their
+Motions in the Harbour, and hindered any Incursions from the Castle)
+notwithstanding the Admiral frequently solicited the General and wrote
+to him to have it done.
+
+[_G_] This Thing, called a Bomb-Battery, was also a Mark of the Genius
+and Understanding of the Engineers. It was a Platform, laid behind a
+small rising Rock, open on all Sides, no Communication to it, either by
+Trench, Epaulment, or any Security whatsoever, that the Enemy saw every
+Man (from the Castle) that went in, or out, as they were obliged to
+pass over high Ground, to come at the Battery, and then it lay quite
+exposed to the _Barradera_ Battery; so that the Shot fired from thence
+passed in at one End, and out at the other; and if they did no
+Execution there, were sure to do some in the Camp. And as to the
+Usefulness of it, and the Service that was performed by the excellent
+bombardiers, every idle Spectator was a Judge; though it was oftentimes
+observed, by Order, that not six Shells out of forty had done
+Execution, and that, on the contrary, scarce one of forty of the
+Enemy's ever missed.
+
+[_H_] The Camp (it has been observed before) was pitched on a low Sand,
+but being sheltered (as a direct Object) from the _Barradera_ Battery,
+by the Rock that _St. Philip_ stood on, could not be seen, but lying in
+the Line of Direction of the Shot fired from thence, at the famous
+Bomb-Battery, was sure to be flanked by every Shot, which missed that,
+and though it might be prudent to try Movings, on this Occasion, yet it
+was a bad Example to the Soldiers, especially when the Chiefs moved off
+first, and the Thing was done without regular and publick Orders;
+besides the Time it took up at that Conjuncture (when more material
+Works were in Hand, and the Army lessening every Day by Sickness, which
+was not to be regained.) Whereas had the Encampment been formed at
+first, a few Yards up in the Woods, none of the Enemy's Guns could have
+been brought to bear on it, nor indeed would they have been able to
+have discovered where it was; besides the great Advantage of Men's
+being cool, and particularly after working; but, as it was placed,
+instead of a cool Retreat, to retire to Rest, after being heated by the
+warm Labour, their Tents were a hotter.
+
+[_I_] The following Captains were also ordered upon this Expedition,
+vix. Capt. _Watson_, _Coates_, _Lawrence_, _Coleby_, and _Laws_, and
+all the Barges and Pinnaces of the Fleet. They went away from their
+Ships about Midnight, and rowed pretty far to Leeward, to avoid being
+seen, or the Noise of their Oars heard, and proposed landing in a small
+sandy Bay, behind the _Barradera_ Battery, into which was a narrow
+Channel, between two Reefs of Rocks, and a four Gun Battery on the
+Strand, facing the Channel (both unknown to every Person there) which,
+so soon as some of the Boats had got into the Channel, began to fire on
+them; but the brave Tars landed, and rushed in at the Embrazures, and
+took Possession of the Battery, before the Enemy could fire a second
+Time. This firing alarmed the _Barradera_ Battery, and the Enemy turned
+three Pieces of Canon on the Platform, which they fired with Grape
+Shot, so soon as the Seamen advanced; but notwithstanding that, and the
+Difficulties and Badness of the Road (which was through a Morass, and
+where but one Man could walk abreast, and full of Stumps of Mangroves
+each a Foot or more high, the Seamen attacked it; and, after a smart
+though short Resistance, carried it, took nine Prisoners, spiked up
+fifteen Guns (from eighteen to twenty four Pounders) burned the
+Carriages, Platforms, Guard-houses, and Magazine; and it may with
+Justice be allowed (from the many Difficulties that attended this
+Action, in Regard to the advantageous Situation of the _Barradera_
+Battery, the Boats being surprised with a four Gun Battery, just as
+they were going to land, and no Person acquainted with the Place) as
+bold and surprising an Enterprise, as is to be met with; and the
+Consternation it put the Enemy in seems to confirm this Opinion; for
+although _Boccachica_ Castle, and the Enemy's four Ships, were not more
+than Musket Shot off, yet neither they, nor _St. Joseph_'s (which was
+still nearer) ever fired a Shot. So that it seems as if they could not
+believe the Thing, though they saw all in Flames. For this gallant
+Action the Admiral rewarded every common Man with a Dollar apiece.
+
+[_K_] The Success of this Action may be said to have given the Army
+both Spirits and Pleasure (_pro tempore_) as it freed them from the
+greatest Annoyance of their Camp, and gave them an Opportunity of
+working quietly on their Battery.
+
+[_L_] Because the Enemy made such quick Dispatch in repairing some Part
+of the _Barradera_ Battery, mounting and firing some Pieces again, the
+Army began to reflect, and say, the Battery was not effectually
+destroyed, though hundreds of Men were seen constantly at work, and
+Boats with Cannon, Stores, and Fascines, passing and repassing hourly,
+both from _Boccachica_ and the Ships: But the Truth was, the Army was
+not accustomed to work in that brisk Manner: No! Working was no Part of
+their Trade. However, when the sixty Gun Ship went in against the
+Battery, that the Enemy was obliged to bring their Guns to fire at her,
+the Army cooled in their Resentments, and all was well, while the Enemy
+was quiet.
+
+[_M_] This grand Affair having taken up near a Fortnight in raising,
+and many more Men employed to work, than was necessary (for there were
+five hundred Seamen, between two and three hundred Blacks, besides as
+many Pioneers as could be spared out of the Army) much Execution may be
+expected therefrom: But alas! the Engineers would by no Means outdo
+themselves; the Battery was constructed in a Wood! and no more Ground
+was cleared, than a Space necessary for so stupendous a Building (lest
+the Enemy should see the Army!). For so great Caution was used, that
+before the Wood in the Front of the Battery was cut down, it was a
+Doubt, whether any Guns could be brought to bear on the Castle; and as
+it was, no Guns could be brought to play on the Enemy's Shipping,
+although it was expected they would instantly fire on the Battery, and
+be capable of doing it the greatest Damage; (which they did) and had
+not an Epaulment been thrown up at the East End, every Shot from the
+Ships must have raked the Battery, and destroyed Numbers of Men. The
+Army allowed the Tars behaved gallantly; for it must be remarked, they
+had Seamen to fight the Guns in the Battery, as well as help to build
+it. Whether the Engineers proposed to batter the angular Point of the
+Bastion in Breach is Matter of Doubt, at the first laying out of their
+Battery; (but infinite Reasons may be assigned for the Absurdity,
+besides that great one, of having the Fire of two Flanks to destroy,
+instead of one) however it is generally believed, it was Hap-hazard;
+for the most impartial Judges in the Navy and Army agree, if the Enemy
+had cut down eighty or an hundred Paces of the Woods further round the
+Castle, the Undertaking would have been so difficult, as to have
+shocked the Science of all the Engineers, if not quite disheartened
+them, from so daring an Enterprise.
+
+[_N_] The Position the Enemy had lain their Ships in, was beyond all
+Doubt the most advantageous, could be formed by Man; both for opposing
+any Attempt, that might be made by Shipping on the Entrance into the
+Harbour; or annoy any Battery, that could be raised ashore; and as they
+found no Battery against them, they failed not to play as briskly (as
+_Spaniards_ will do when there is no body to hurt them) and did ten
+times more Damage than the Castle.
+
+[_O_] These Ships were ordered to cannonade purely to oblige the
+General, who, because the Enemy's Ships fired at his Battery, desired
+the Admiral would send Ships to cannonade the Castle, though there was
+a Battery of twenty Guns to fire against five or six (for that was all
+the Castle could bring to bear on the Battery) so they had their Masts
+and Yards shot to pieces, and Numbers of Men killed and wounded,
+without doing any other Damage than beating down the Rubbish; (which
+the Battery would have done in half the Time, as being twice as near)
+for they could not come to hurt the Enemy's Ships, nor did it divert
+their Ships from firing at the Battery.
+
+[_P_] So soon as the Enemy saw the Boats coming to Land, and these
+Ships come to an Anchor close to the Battery, they deserted it, and
+spiked up the Guns; but Captain _Watson_, and Captain _Coates_ marched
+into it, and ripped up the Platforms, burned them and the Carriages,
+and effectually demolished the Battery: The Enemy fired at them from
+their Shipping, but with-out much Damage.
+
+[_Q_] It may be remarked as something extraordinary, that although the
+Army thought the Breach just practicable, they should entirely cease
+firing, the Night before they intended the Attack; as it is a sort of
+an established Rule in all regular Sieges, to keep firing in the Night,
+to prevent the Enemy's removing the Rubbish, that is beat down in the
+Day, which the Enemy would certainly have done, if they had been
+sufficiently strong; for they began that Night a Counter-Battery of
+Fascines on the Ramparts, in order to have disputed it longer, which if
+they had had Time to have finished, and Numbers to have carried on both
+Works together, (_viz._) moving the Rubbish from the Foot of the
+Breach, and compleating these Counter-Batteries, they would have
+rendered the Attack as difficult as from the Beginning.
+
+[_R_] The Army having sent in the Night to reconnoitre the Breach, and
+judging it surmountable, resolved this Evening to attack it, and after
+having made their necessary Dispositions, sent off to acquaint the
+Admiral with their Design, and that so soon as three Shells should be
+thrown in the Evening by way of Signal, the Battery should begin to
+fire warmly, till the Soldiers were almost at the Foot of the Breach,
+and then to cease, and they rush in, which had the desired Effect; for
+on the Battery's playing, the Enemy retired off their Ramparts, except
+only one Centinel, and he hid himself behind some Fascines; that the
+Troops mounted the Breach undiscovered, and were actually huzzaing on
+the Ramparts, and hoisting the _English_ Flag, before the Enemy were
+apprised of them; who made the best of their Way out of their Castle
+Gate, excepting two, who were taken Prisoners; so that there was not a
+Musket fired in Opposition, nor a Gun from any of the Enemy's Ships,
+which is both astonishing and remarkable, as their Broadsides lay to
+the Castle, and the Admiral (Don _Blass_) was aboard. But such was the
+Panick they were in, that happy was he that could get first into a Boat
+to save himself: (and the Don did not look behind him). Each Ship was
+scuttled ready for sinking, and had a large square Plug in the Hole;
+but the _St. Philip_'s People not readily getting them out, set fire to
+her; the _Africa_ and _St. Carlos_ were sunk, as it was intended the
+_Galicia_ should also, in order to prevent any Ship's getting through
+the Channel, which (had the Scheme been effected) would have rendered
+it difficult to pass, if practicable at all, without weighing some one
+or other of the Ships. This Victory (it will readily be allowed) gave
+the Army a great Share of Spirits, as it freed them from Hardships
+(modern Gentlemen Soldiers are not used to) and gave them Possession of
+an Island (as well as the Castle) in which the Enemy could not come to
+disturb them, especially while they had got a Fleet of Ships of War to
+attend on them; for, to their great Glory be it spoken, they could not
+venture to move along Shore without Men of War to attend on them, as
+they marched, and the constant Cry was, _Why don't you come to our
+Assistance?_ Nay, so great a Liking had they to the Sea, that they
+could not find their Way into the Castle, after the Breach was made,
+without a Sea Pilot to conduct them; and what is worth Notice is, he
+was a _Spaniard_, and a Prisoner; but the General imagined, he might be
+as good a Pilot by Land, as by Sea, and so sent to the Admiral, to
+desire he might shew the Troops the Way into the Castle.
+
+[_S_] The Admiral's Scheme for Attacking _St. Joseph_'s had drawn all
+the Attention of the Enemy that Way; for so soon as they saw the Boats
+going to Land, their Ships began to fire pretty briskly, and _St.
+Joseph_'s Battery fired also; but as the Bushes prevented their seeing
+the Men, they did but little Harm. The Enemy sent several large Boats
+full of Men from their Ships into the Battery, which is pretty plain
+they did not expect _Boccachica_ would have been attacked at that Time,
+or consequently they would not have sent them there. (Wherefore it is
+evident, this Scheme facilitated the Army's becoming Masters of
+_Boccachica_, and put an End to the Dispute sooner than was expected,
+or could possibly have happened, had any Nation but pusillanimous
+_Spaniards_ had the Defence of it; for had the Place been defended
+equal to its Strength and excellent Disposition, both of the Ships and
+Batteries, it would have been a difficult Task for the Fleet and Army
+both to have rendered themselves Masters of it.) But so soon as they
+saw the Castle taken, they made the best of their Way off, in what
+Boats they could get, and abandoned St. _Joseph_'s likewise, leaving
+only one drunken Man behind (who was to have blown it up) so soon as
+the Boats had got Possession. Captain _Coates_ was left to command this
+Fort, and the Captains _Knowles_ and _Watson_ went aboard the
+_Galicia_, where they found the Captain of her, and about sixty Men,
+whom they took Prisoners, and carried aboard of the Admiral, the rest
+of the Crew having run away with the Boats, and prevented their
+escaping and sinking their Ship, as was intended.
+
+[_T_] _Passa Cavallos_ is a Creek, that parts the grand _Baru_ from the
+Main, through which the Supplies of Provisions that come from _Tolu_
+and _Sina_ must pass; and here the Enemy had erected two small
+Batteries, one of four Guns, the other of eight, which were demolished
+by the _Weymouth_ and _Cruiser_. The latter was sent up the Creek, to
+bring away five or six _Sina_ Hulks (Vessels so called, as being dug
+out of one solid Tree, and big enough ordinarily to carry twenty Tuns)
+that lay there, which were very useful to the Fleet in watering.
+
+[_V_] Between _Castillo Grande_ and _Mancinilla_ Fort is a large
+Channel, that goes up as it were into another Harbour or large Bason;
+in the Middle of the Channel is a Shoal, that divides it into two
+Channels; on each Side the Shoal the Enemy had moored Ships, and sunk
+them; and in the Channel next the Castle had moored two sixty Gun
+Ships, the _Conquestodore_ and _Dragon_, and untiled their Houses in
+the Castle, as if intended to defend it; but observing the Boats
+sounding, and well knowing how near the Ships could lay their
+Broadsides against it, they certainly judged right in abandoning it,
+and sinking their Ships, as they must have lost many Men in defending
+them, and those that had happened to have been left, after the Castle
+and Ships had been taken, must have submitted to have been Prisoners;
+for there was no Way of their escaping, either by Land or Water; and as
+their Numbers were not great, it was best collecting them in one Body,
+and at one Place, to make an Effort.
+
+[_W_] Though this Castle was capable of making a pretty good Defence,
+yet the above Reasons justify the Enemy in abandoning it. There was in
+the Castle fifty seven Guns, which the Enemy had spiked up, and the
+Powder they had thrown into the Cistern of Water, and spoiled, but most
+of the Guns were got clear again, and the Castle was garisoned with one
+hundred regular Troops, and about fifty Seamen.
+
+[_X_] This _French_ Ship had been supplying the Enemy with Ammunition,
+and had not had Time to get away, before the Place was invested; and
+during the Siege of _Boccachica_ Castle, had been used as an Hospital
+Ship, to receive the Enemy's wounded, and served to carry them to Town,
+or fetch Ammunition, or Stores, from the Castle, as Occasion required,
+and, to prevent her being destroyed by the _English_, the Enemy chose
+rather to burn her.
+
+[_Y_] All the Boats of the Fleet having been ordered to hold themselves
+in Readiness for landing the Forces, each respective Transport was to
+shew a Signal Light at Midnight, where the Boats went and received the
+several Regiments according as directed, and from thence went and
+rendezvoused aboard the _Weymouth_ till dawn of Day; and after her
+scouring the Woods briskly with Grape-Shot, _&c._ at half an Hour past
+four o'Clock in the Morning they were landed at a Place called
+_Gratia_, formerly a Country House hired by the _South-Sea_ Factors,
+and one _Mac Pherson_, who had also been in that Company's Service, and
+was well acquainted with the Country, was their Guide. But, as
+throughout the whole, Things were done without Order or Method, so they
+went on still; for notwithstanding the Army had been apprised of the
+Enemy's having made Lodgments along the Road, yet they landed without a
+Grenado Shell, or a Field-Piece, and were likewise told, the Road was
+even and able to sustain the Weight of the heaviest Cannon. However,
+Providence continued to favour them better than their own Prudence
+could have guided, and happily they were landed with the Loss only of
+one Man, and two or three wounded, although some Parties of the Enemy
+attacked them twice: At which Time the Ships proved of great Service,
+as they could see every Motion the Enemy made, and fired among them
+very successfully; for no sooner did they attempt to make a Stand and
+draw up, than the Shot dispersed them, and swept off Numbers; so that
+if the Army had vouchsafed to have pushed their Success, it is a
+general received Opinion (even amongst themselves now) they might have
+rendered themselves Masters of the Castle of _St. Lazare_ that Day
+(even without Field-Pieces) for the whole Force of the Town was out
+against them (as they were told by some Prisoners they took and some
+Deserters) and very impolitically divided into several Bodies; and in
+the Panick they were in, and each Party running different Ways, it
+would have been no difficult Task, to have rendered themselves Masters
+of that small Redoubt, if not succeeded in forcing the City Gates; for
+what had they to do, but to follow the Enemy close at their Heels, and
+slaughter them? Before they had got into the Town, the other must; for
+when they were mixed in a Body amongst their Enemy, the Town dared not
+venture to have fired, for fear of killing their own People; but
+instead of making Use of any of these Advantages, they contented
+themselves in taking Possession of the Ground the Enemy had left them
+Masters of, and there posted their Advanced Guards, and retired with
+the main Body behind _La Papa_ to encamp; and here almost as many Days
+were spent in forming an Encampment, as at _Boccachica_.
+
+[_Z_] _La Papa_ is a Convent, which stands on the Top of the highest
+Hill, near _Carthagena_, and was a most advantageous Part for observing
+the Enemy's Motions, as it overlooked the Town and Country for many
+Leagues round about.
+
+[_A_] Though it might have been expected from the Loss and Destruction
+of Ordnance Stores at _Boccachica_, more Care would have been taken
+here, yet, instead of that, the worthy Officer of the Train doubled his
+Neglect, and Things were in much more Disorder and Confusion than they
+were there, notwithstanding here was Choice of Ground to pitch upon for
+an Artillery Park; but it was too much Trouble and Labour to move the
+Stores from the Place where they were first put down in, at landing,
+and required more Attendance than could be spared from the Bottle (and
+it is a well known Proverb, _When the Shepherd's away, the Flock will
+stray_,) so that out of two or three hundred Men, that were appointed
+to attend this Service, it was well if thirty were found at Work.
+
+[_B_] When the Army landed, there were scarce any Works worth Notice
+round the Castle of _St. Lazare_, but a Fascine Battery of five Guns\
+on the North Side of the Hill (which was built the Year before, when
+Admiral _Vernan_ bombarded the Town) and was of no Service, but in Case
+of Approaches being made that Way. But as the Enemy saw the Army
+(disposed to Rest rather than Work) go on slowly, they took Occasion to
+improve their Time, and with unwearied Diligence set to Work, and in
+three Days Time completed a four Gun Battery, and entrenched themselves
+in Lines round about the Foot of the Castle, which were stronger, and
+of much more Importance, than the Castle itself, and drew those Guns
+off the Fascine Battery on the North Port, and mounted them in this new
+Battery, and saluted the Army frequently with them, whilst they were
+working on their Bomb-Battery and Lodgment for their Advanced Guards.
+
+[_C_] It has been remarked, that neither General nor Engineer could be
+prevailed on to cut off the Communication, notwithstanding the Admiral
+represented the Necessity thereof, as the most sure Means to distress
+the Enemy, and had sent the _Dunkirk_ to anchor off the _Boguilla_, to
+prevent any Embarkation bringing Supplies by Water, as he had done the
+_Falmouth_ at the grand _Baru_, on the Outside of _Passa Cavallos_
+(before the taking of _Boccachica_) which effectually prevented any
+Refreshments coming to the Enemy from _Tolu_, and the River _Sina_,
+their principal Markets; yet nothing was of Weight enough for its being
+done here, although so very easy, and the Army were complaining
+heavily, for want of Refreshments, and yet suffered Supplies daily to
+go into the Town. The _Boguilla_ is the Mouth of the Lake (behind
+_Carthagena_) that opens into the Sea, where the Enemy kept a Guard of
+about an hundred Men, and was the only Way possibly they had left for
+Supplies to come to them; and though fresh Provisions were scarce in
+the Camp, and would have been exceedingly beneficial to the Sick, yet
+so little Pains did the Army care to take to get it, that when the
+General was acquainted, that a Drove of three or four hundred Head of
+Oxen were going along the Strand, he did not dispatch a Party to
+intercept them, or endeavour to cut them off, not in three Hours after
+he had been informed of the Thing, and then the Cattle were going into
+the Town. But so far were the Army from being disposed to cut off the
+Communication on that Side, that they were continually forming Ideas of
+the Enemy's coming that Way to attack them, and that they were actually
+raising Batteries on some of the Islands in the Lake, to drive them out
+of the Camp, and could not be convinced to the contrary, till the
+Admiral ordered a large Canoe to be carried over Land, and launched
+into the Lake, which was manned and armed, and an Officer of the
+_Weymouth_ and a Land Officer sent in her round the Lake, to
+reconnoitre; upon whose Return, those dreadful Apprehensions were
+dissipated.
+
+[_D_] From the first Sight of the _American_ troops they were despised,
+and as many of them were _Irish_, (suspected Papists) were never
+employed till now; but as Sickness encreased amongst the others (and
+hourly Attacks expected from the Enemy) it was thought expedient to
+have them ashore; and though it is most certain, there was scarce one
+but knew what Opinion had been conceived of them, nay indeed told them,
+that had not the Fellows been better than they were taken for, it was
+enough to have exasperated them to have deserted. The other Soldiers of
+Lord _James Cavendish_ and Col. _Bland_'s Regiments were as good Troops
+as any on the Expedition; and after this Reinforcement, it was expected
+the Communication would have been immediately cut off; (as it had been
+suggested Numbers could not be spared before) but so far from that,
+that the Army still complained, that they had not Men enough to relieve
+their Guards; and indeed, according to the Number they mounted,
+_Marlborough_'s Army would scarce have been sufficient; for the Advance
+Guard consisted of five hundred Men, the Picket eight hundred, besides
+several other Out-Guards of one hundred, and some fifty; whereas the
+Enemy had but one Guard (that faced this Way) without their Work, and
+that of seven Men only. Thus were the poor Wretches harassed.
+
+[_E_] When the Council of War met, several of the general Officers and
+Colonels dissented from this Resolution, as judging it too rash an
+Undertaking, without a proper Breach being made first, or at least
+before the Place had been well reconnoitred; but in order to solve this
+last Difficulty, there were several Deserters that offered to go as
+Guides, and three of the most intelligent were pitched upon.
+
+[_F_] The principal Engineer being killed at _Boccachica_, his
+Successor (being none of the most knowing in the Science) did not chuse
+any Works should be taken in Hand, as they would expose his Ignorance;
+so chearfully gave into that Opinion.
+
+[_G_] After the Majority of the Council of War had determined on the
+Attack, a proper Time was now the Question, as to which the Deserters
+informed them, about two o'Clock in the Morning would be the best Time;
+for the Guards from the Town that nightly patroled round the Foot of
+the Hill would by that Time be returned and gone to their respective
+Homes; because as Duty went hard (their Numbers being but it was
+customary for them, as soon as they had performed their Rout, to go to
+Bed;) and further observed, that when a _Spaniard_ has laid himself
+down to sleep, it is no easy Task to raise him to fight; but these
+Arguments were of no Force to the General; just before Day was his
+Time; accordingly, about four o'Clock in the Morning the Attack began,
+and a Party of Grenadiers, along with Colonel _Grant_, entered the
+Trenches at the Foot of the Castle; but not being sustained, were cut
+off, and Colonel _Grant_ shot through the Body. After this, instead of
+rushing in, Sword in Hand, and mingling with the Enemy in the Trenches,
+a full Stop was made, and the Men stood firing in Plotoons; those that
+had Room, and could wheel off for others, did, but the greatest Part
+stood and fired all their Ammunition away, while the Enemy (as it was
+now Day-light, and they could take Aim) were mowing them down, like
+Grass, with their Cannon, Musketry, and Grenadoes; notwithstanding
+which, the Troops faced them like Lions, and wanted but to have been
+led on, or told what they were to have done, and they certainly would
+have taken the Place. But, instead of that, from the most excellent
+Disposition that was made, no Officer attempted to lead them on, and
+the Grenado Shells, that should have been in the Front, and distributed
+among the Soldiers, were in Boxes in the Rear; nor was there one Length
+of lighted Match among them. The Woolpacks and Scaling Ladders were
+also in the Rear. But when Colonel _Grant_ entered the Trenches, such
+Call was made for them, that some few were carried up the Hill; however
+as he, poor Gentleman, fell, no body else tried to make Use of them;
+and so amongst other Things they were left for the Enemy. As this
+Scheme was but badly formed from the Beginning, (and indeed may be
+properly called the General's own Scheme) so it as unfortunately ended;
+for the Admiral not being acquainted with this Resolution of the
+Council of War, (either by Letter or Message) had not an Opportunity of
+acting in Conjunction with them, and assisting them with a Body of
+Seamen, as it is evident he would have done; for as soon as he was
+acquainted the Fort was attacked, and got up and saw the Troops at a
+Stand, the Instant a Signal could be seen, (at Dawn of Day) he made one
+for all the Boats in the Fleet manned and armed, and sent them with
+orders to follow the General's Directions; but it was too late; before
+they got ashore, the Troops were returned from the Attack.
+
+Various are the Accounts of the Loss sustained in this Action; but it
+is generally believed, there were upwards of one hundred Men killed,
+and near two hundred wounded, thirty of whom were taken Prisoners,
+Numbers of Arms, Colours, Drums, Woolpacks, Grenadoes, Pick-axes,
+Shovels, Scaling Ladders, _&c._ were left behind in the Retreat, which
+the Enemy arrogantly diverted themselves withal, for some Time, on the
+Top of the Hill, taking Care to let the Army see them.
+
+As when Faults are committed, the first Thing sought after is an
+Excuse; so, not succeeding in this Attack, the Army now fell to blaming
+the Guides, saying, they had led them the wrong Way; the Guides again
+say, the Army would not follow them the Way they would have led them;
+but had Reason alone been their Guide, sure they should have attacked
+the Castle on the weakest Side; (for they all knew one Side was
+defenceless) whereas they attacked it on the strongest Side, where the
+Hill was most difficult of Access; and when they found themselves
+repulsed, and at a Loss what to do, the speedier they had made their
+Retreat, the smaller had been their Loss.
+
+[_H_] The Admiral had sent several Officers in to sound, and try if
+Ships might come near enough to batter, who all gave it, as their
+Opinions, that there could not more than three Ships possibly anchor at
+the upper End of the Harbour; and if they were laid but in a Foot Water
+more than they drew, they would not be in a Point-Blank-Shot, and
+consequently could do no material Execution; however, to convince the
+General, that Ships could be of no manner of Service to him, the
+Admiral caused the _Galicia_ (one of the _Spanish_ Ships) to be fitted
+proper for battering, by forming, between each Port, Merlons (or Cases)
+of six Foot thick, and filled with rammed Earth or Sand, and sent her
+in to cannonade the Town; but it was soon found, she could not come
+hear enough to do any Service; for the enemy had demolished her so, in
+two or three Hours, that she would have sunk in half an Hour more, if
+she had not been drawn off; and it may be established as a general
+Rule, for Ships to go by, that unless they can come within half a
+Musket or Pistol Shot of a Fortification, it will have the Advantage of
+them, for the further you lye off, the more Guns they can bring to bear
+against you; whereas, when you go so near, there can no more Guns annoy
+you, than are mounted within the Length of your Ship; and the
+Difference of Briskness in firing, betwixt a Ship and a Fort, is so
+great, besides the Odds in Number of Guns, that it is impossible to
+withstand a Ship long. After this Experiment the _Galicia_ was burned.
+
+[_I_] After the famous Battle of _St. Lazare_, the Troops sickened very
+fast, insomuch, that by Account delivered in (and the General's Report)
+between _Thursday_ Morning and _Friday_ Night, they had dwindled away
+from 6645 to 3200, and 1200 of these were _Americans_, and not esteemed
+fit for Service.
+
+[_K_] When the Council of War agreed to the Forces being embarked, the
+General urged, that they might come off in the Night, lest the Enemy
+should make a Sortie, so that the Boats were ordered ashore about nine
+o'Clock, and from the Apprehensions they were in of the Enemy's being
+at their Heels, many of them left their Baggage, and Numbers of them
+their Tents and Arms, which the Enemy came the next Morning and picked
+up. The Tents they pitched upon _St. Lazare_ Hill, and other Places,
+where they might best be seen, and by a Flag of Truce that had Occasion
+to pass the next Day, about Exchange of Prisoners, they failed not to
+express their Astonishment at the precipitate Retreat of the Army. Thus
+ended this famous Expedition, that was the greatest and most expensive
+that ever entered the _American_ Seas, and which _Europe_ gazed on with
+Admiration and Attention.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Account of the expedition to
+Carthagena, with explanatory notes and observations, by Sir Charles Knowles
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