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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 211, November 12,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 211, November 12, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27008]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{461}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 211.]
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+    Notes on Grammont, by G. Steinman Steinman                461
+    Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, by Thos.
+      Keightley                                               464
+    Extracts from Colchester Corporation Records, by Jas.
+      Whishaw                                                 464
+    Convocation in the Reign of George II., by W. Fraser      465
+    Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple                  465
+    Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell             466
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Local Rhymes, Kent--Samuel
+      Pepys's Grammar--Roman Remains--To grab--
+      Curfew at Sandwich--Ecclesiastical Censure--The
+      Natural History of Balmoral--Shirt Collars              466
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    "Days of my Youth"                                        467
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Randall Minshull and his Cheshire
+      Collections--Mackey's "Theory of the Earth"--
+      Birthplace of King Edward V.--Name of Infants--
+      Geometrical Curiosity--Denison Family--"Came"
+      --Montmartre--Law of Copyright: British Museum
+      --Veneration for the Oak--Father Matthew's
+      Chickens--Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book
+      proper Names--MSS. of Anthony Bave--Return of
+      Gentry, temp. Hen. VI.--Taylor's "Holy Living"--
+      Captain Jan Dimmeson--Greek and Roman Fortification
+      --The Queen at Chess--Vida on Chess                     467
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Thornton Abbey--
+      Bishop Wilson's "Sacra Privata"--Derivation of
+      "Chemistry"--Burning for Witchcraft--The small
+      City Companies--Rousseau and Boileau--Bishop
+      Kennett's MS. Diary                                     469
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Milton's Widow, by S. W. Singer                           471
+    Oaths, by Honor� de Mareville, &c.                        471
+    Comminatory Inscriptions in Books, by Philar�te
+      Chasles                                                 472
+    Liveries Worn, and Menial Services performed, by
+      Gentlemen, by J. Lewelyn Curtis                         473
+    Female Parish Clerks                                      474
+    Poetical Epithets of the Nightingale, by W. Pinkerton     475
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Exhibition
+      --How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?
+      --Stereoscopic Angles--To introduce Clouds              476
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Death of Edward II.--
+      Luther no Iconoclast--Rev. Urban Vigors--Portrait
+      of Baretti--Passage in Sophocles--Brothers of the
+      same Name--High Dutch and Low Dutch--Translations
+      of the Prayer Book into French--Divining-rod
+      --Slow-worm Superstition--Ravailliac--Lines
+      on the Institution of the Garter--Passage in Bacon
+      --What Day is it at our Antipodes?--Calves' Head
+      Club--Heraldic Query--The Temple Lands in
+      Scotland--Sir John Vanbrugh--Sir Arthur Aston--
+      Nugget                                                  477
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              481
+    Notices to Correspondents                                 481
+    Advertisements                                            481
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+NOTES ON GRAMMONT.
+
+Agreeing with Mr. Peter Cunningham (vide _History of Nell Gwyn_), that a
+new edition of Grammont is much wanted, I beg to avail myself of your
+pages, and to offer a few remarks and notes which I have made in reference
+to that very entertaining work for the consideration of a future annotator.
+
+Of the several maids of honour mentioned therein I will begin with those of
+the queen. They are Miss Stewart, Miss "Warminster," Miss Bellenden, Miss
+Bardon, Miss de la Garde, Miss Wells, Miss Livingston, Miss Fielding, and
+Miss Boynton.
+
+The names of Miss Stewart (Frances Theresa), Miss Boynton (Catherine), Miss
+Wells (Winefred), and Miss Warmistre are found among the original six,
+appointed on the queen's marriage, May 21, 1662. The affiliation and
+marriages of the first two have been well ascertained, but Miss Warmistre's
+birth is yet open to some conjecture, whilst her marriage, like Miss
+Wells's parentage, is wholly unknown.
+
+Horace Walpole, on the authority of the last Earl of Arran, of the Butler
+family, has confounded her with Mary, one of the daughters of George Kirke,
+Esq., a groom of the bedchamber to Charles I., by Mary his wife, daughter
+of Aurelian Townsend, Esq., "the admired beauty of the tymes," on whose
+marriage at Christ Church, Oxford, February 26, 1645-6, "the king gave
+her." She herself was maid of honour to the Duchess of York in 1674, and
+the year following left the court, we may believe, under the same
+circumstances as Miss Warmistre, more than ten years before, had quitted
+it: after being the mistress of Sir Thomas Vernon, the second Baronet of
+Hodnet in Shropshire, she became his wife, and ended her life in miserable
+circumstances at Greenwich in 1711.
+
+    "1711, 17 August, Dame Mary, relict of Sir Thomas Vernon, carried
+    away."--Burial register of Greenwich Church.
+
+She was sister to Diana, the last De Vere, Earl of Oxford's, countess, a
+lady of as free a morality {462} as herself and as her mother, and second
+wife of Sir Thomas, whose first lady, Elizabeth Cholmondley, died in June,
+1676. Sir Thomas died February 5, 1682-3, leaving by her three children,
+Sir Richard, the last baronet, Henrietta, and Diana, who all died
+unmarried.
+
+A portrait of Lady Vernon, by Sir Peter Lely, has been engraved in
+mezzotinto by Browne, and lettered "Mary Kirk, Lady Vernon, maid of honour
+to Queen Catherine." Another portrait (?) has been engraved by Scheneker
+for Harding's _Grammont_, 1793. A third portrait was purchased at the
+Strawberry Hill sale, by Mr. Rodd of Little Newport Street, for 1l. 5s.
+
+A portrait of the Countess of Oxford is or was at Mr. Drummond's of Great
+Stanmore. It was bequeathed to his family by Charles, first Duke of St.
+Alban's, who was her ladyship's son-in-law.
+
+Of Mrs. Anne Kirke, who was "woman to the queen" Henrietta Maria, there are
+several portraits. Granger records:
+
+    "Madam Kirk. Vandyck p. Gaywood f. h. sh.
+
+    "Madam Anne Kirk. Vandyck p. Browne, large h. sh. mezz."
+
+These engravings are most probably from the same painting--the fine
+whole-length exhibited last year among the collection of pictures by
+ancient masters in Pall Mall:
+
+    "Madam Kirk, sitting in a chair, Hollar, f. h. sh."
+
+He also mentions her miniature at Burghley.
+
+There is at Wilton a splendid painting by Vandyck of Mrs. Kirk, seated with
+the Countess of Morton, Lady Anne Keith, eldest daughter of George, fifth
+Earl Mareschal, and wife of William Douglass, seventh Earl of Morton, K.G.
+She was governess to the Princess Henrietta.
+
+This painting has been engraved by Grousvelt. There is another engraving
+from the first-named Vandyck by Beckett.
+
+Of Lady Vernon and her mother there is to be found mention, in the secret
+service expenses of Charles II. and James II., lately printed. The elder
+lady on her husband's death (he was buried in the cloisters of Westminster
+Abbey, April 5, 1679) seems to have had a pension of 250l. per annum. The
+younger was the recipient, on two occasions, of 100l. "bounty" only.
+
+Mrs. Kirke and her daughter Diana are unfavourably alluded to by Mrs. Grace
+Worthley, a lady of the same class, who will not "be any longer a
+laughing-stock for any of Mr. Kirk's bastards" (vide letter to her cousin
+Lord Brandon, September 7, 1682, _Diary of Henry Sidney, Earl of Romney_,
+i. pp. xxxiii. xxxiv.). And again, the same lady, in another letter, speaks
+of "the common Countess of Oxford and her adulterous bastards" (_Ibid._).
+Mr. Jesse's quotation from "Queries and Answers from Garraway's Coffee
+House" (vide _The Court of the Stewarts_, vol. ii. p. 366.) may be here
+reproduced in support of the epitaph which this angry lady has been pleased
+to assign the countess, who, it would seem, had robbed her, well born and
+well married, of her noble keeper "the handsome Sidney:"
+
+    "_Q._ How often has Mrs. Kirk sold her daughter Di. before the Lord of
+    Oxford married her?
+
+    _A._ Ask the Prince and Harry Jermyn."
+
+The following curious extract from one of the Heber MSS. at Hodnet has been
+kindly furnished me by Charles Cholmondeley, Esq., of the Ivy House,
+Wisbeach, co. Cambridge, to whom the MS. belongs:
+
+    "H----,
+
+    "Sir Thomas the second baronet's death is mentioned in Lady Rachael
+    Russell's letters. His second wife was one of King Charles's Beauties,
+    but the account in Granger of her is not correct, as it appears that
+    she lived some time with Sir Thomas, as mistress, before their
+    marriage. He left her in great distress, as the profits of the estate
+    were embezzled by attorneys and stewards. The following is a copy from
+    a letter from her to one Squibb, an attorney who had the management of
+    the estate:
+
+        'SIR,
+
+        'When you were last here you were pleased to say that in some
+        little time I should be payd some money. I have had with me my
+        woman's husband y^t did serve mee about two yeares since; and hee
+        is soe impatient for what I owe her y^t hee will staye noe longer.
+        It is given me to understand I must goe to prison or paye part of
+        w^t I owe him. Things fly to a great violence, and if you thinke it
+        will bee for the credit or advantage of my childerne y^t such an
+        afront should come to mee, is the question. I have nothing to
+        depend on but w^t must come from the estate of Sir Richard Vernon.
+        How I have been used by the trustees you are noe stranger to. I am
+        now forced to live on charity, and I grow every day more and more
+        weary of it. For my childern's sake I remain in England, or else I
+        would seeke my fortune elsewhere. Pray to take this into
+        consideration, and see w^t can be done.
+
+        'I am, SIR, y^r most humble serv^t,
+        'VERNON.
+
+        'P.S.--If you can, pray doe mee y^e favour to send mee by to-morrow
+        at one of y^e cloke, twenty shillings, to pay for wood, or I must
+        sit w^{th}oute fyer; y^t will be ill for a person confined to the
+        house.'"
+
+It is not certain whether it is to "Mistris Kirke," Lady Vernon's mother,
+that Charles I. refers in his letter addressed to Colonel Whaley on the day
+of his escape from Hampton Court, November 11, 1647, but it is very likely
+to have been so. There was a Mistress (Anne) Kirke, sworn in a dresser to
+Queen Henrietta Maria in Easter week, 1637 (vide _Strafford Papers_, vol.
+ii. p. 73.), whose full-length portrait by Vandyke has been frequently
+engraved, by Browne, Garwood, Hollar, Beckett, &c.; and this lady may be
+the "Mrs. Anne Kirke, unfortunately drowned near London Bridge," who was
+buried in Westminster Abbey, July 9, 1641. {463}
+
+In Westminster Abbey was buried, May 23, 1640, "Mr. Kirk's daughter."
+Captain George Kirke married there, February 10, 1699-1700, Mary Cooke.
+George Kirke, Esq., died Jan. 10, 1703-4, and was buried in the abbey
+cloisters (Mon. Inscr.); and Mrs. Mary Kirke died December 17, 1751, and
+was also buried there (M. I.). We may presume that all these Kirkes were of
+the same family.
+
+Having now clearly released the annotator from all farther interference
+with Mary Kirke's private history, and having excluded her handsome face
+from any future illustrated edition of Grammont, I must leave him to deal
+with Miss Warmistre. It seems most probable that Dr. Thomas Warmistre, dean
+of Worcester, who died October 30, 1665, was her father, as he is known to
+have been a Royalist. His will, as it is not to be found at Doctors'
+Commons, must be sought for at Worcester. His brother Gervais was a married
+man, but his effects, unfortunately for our inquiries, were administered to
+at Doctors' Commons, August 31, 1641. That Warmistre was her right name is
+proved by Lord Cornbury's letter to the Duchess of Bedford, June 10, 1662
+(Warburton's _Rupert_, vol. iii. pp. 461-464.). Her portrait is at Hengrave
+Hall, Suffolk, and has been engraved by Scriven for Carpenter's _Grammont_,
+1811.
+
+Lord Cornbury's letter contradicts Grammont's statement, that Miss Boynton
+and Miss Wells came in on a removal, for they were of the original six
+maids of honour. Among these is named a Miss Price (Henrietta Maria), who
+we may suppose a sister to the Duchess of York's Miss Price, one of
+Grammont's most conspicuous heroines; and if so, when I come to speak of
+the Duchess's maids of honour, her parentage will be proved. Of Miss Carey,
+rejoicing in the prefix of Simona, the sixth of the queen's original maids
+of honour, we have no farther occasion to speak.
+
+In 1669 the queen appears to have had four maids of honour only, the places
+vacated by Miss Stewart's and Miss Warmistre's marriages being unoccupied.
+This state of affairs leads me to doubt whether Miss Bellenden ever held
+the appointment. Mademoiselle Bardon, Grammont admits, was not actually a
+maid of honour, and Mademoiselle de la Garde certainly never was. LORD
+BRAYBROOKE has suggested to me, with some show of reason, that the first
+may be the "Mrs. Baladine" who held a place of less emolument (that of
+dresser, probably) in the Duchess of York's household, and who left in the
+middle of the quarter, between Michaelmas and Christmas, 1662 (vide
+_Household Book of James Duke of York at Audley End_), as if she had the
+prudence "de quitter la cour avant que d'en �tre chass�e."
+
+"La d�sagr�able Bardon" may have been a daughter, or some other near
+relation, to Claudius Bardon, mentioned in the secret service expenses of
+Charles II.
+
+Mademoiselle de la Garde was appointed a dresser to the queen on her
+marriage (vide Lord Cornbury's letter), and continued in this office till
+1673, when she died. Her father, Charles Peliott Baron de la Garde, or her
+brother, if she had one, was a groom of the privy chamber to Queen
+Catherine in 1687, and her mother dresser to the Duchess of York in 1662
+(_Duke of York's Household Book_). Mary her sister, who became the wife of
+Sir Thomas Bond of Peckham, co. Surrey, Baronet, comptroller of the
+household to Queen Henrietta Maria, was a Lady of the privy chamber to the
+same queen.
+
+Of mademoiselle I may add, that she married Mr. Gabriel Silvius, carver to
+the queen, in 1669 (compare first and second editions of _Angli� Notitia_,
+1669); and of her husband, in addition to the particulars already stated by
+the annotators, that he received the honour of knighthood January 28,
+1669-70, married a second wife (a fact overlooked by the annotators,
+including Mr. Cunningham), viz. Anne, daughter of the Hon. William Howard,
+a younger son of Thomas first Earl of Berkshire, at Westminster Abbey,
+November 12, 1677, went the same year to the Hague as master of the
+household to the Prince of Orange (Evelyn), became privy purse to James II.
+(_The British Compendium, or Rudiments of Honour_), died at his house in
+Leicester Fields, January, 1696-7, and was buried in the church of St.
+Martin. It was his second wife, and widow, who died October 13, 1730.
+
+If, as it is possible, Miss Bellenden did hold the appointment of maid of
+honour to the queen, she must have replaced Miss Stewart or Miss Warmistre;
+and if Miss Livingston and Miss Fielding held like appointments, one of the
+two must have replaced her, and they, again, must have removed from the
+court before 1669. I am not at present able to say who those three ladies
+were.
+
+Before bringing this paper to a conclusion, I must be permitted to refer
+Mr. Cunningham to five letters, written by Count de Comminges, the French
+ambassador in London, and printed LORD BRAYBROOKE in his Appendix to Pepys,
+which Mr. C. has very unaccountably overlooked when settling the chronology
+of Grammont.
+
+The first, to M. de Lionne, dated "Londres, Janvier 5-15, 1662-3,"
+announces the arrival of the Chevalier the day before "fort content de son
+voyage. Il a �t� ici re�u le plus agr�ablement au monde. Il est de toutes
+les parties du Roi." The second, to Louis XIV., dated "D�cembre 10-20,
+1663," informs the king of the chevalier's joy at being allowed to return
+to France, and of his intention to leave England in four days. He also
+informs Louis that he believes the chevalier will see the court of France
+in company of "une belle {464} Angloise." A postscript, dated "D�cembre
+20-24," says that the king of England, for certain stated reasons, has
+persuaded the chevalier to remain a day longer; and, farther, "Il laisse
+ici quelques autres dettes, qu'il pr�tend venir recueillir quand il se
+d�clarera sur le sujet de Mille Hamilton, qui est si embrouill� que les
+plus clairvoyans n'y voyent goutte." The third, dated "Mai 19-24, 1664," is
+also to the King of France, and speaks of the Chevalier's wife, "madame sa
+femme." The next letter is addressed to M. de Lionne, and dated "Aout 29,
+Septembre 8, 1664." It contains this important intelligence: "Madam la
+Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils beau comme la m�re, et
+galant comme le p�re." The last letter, dated "Octobre 24, Novembre 3,
+1664," and addressed to the same M. de Lionne, commences as follows: "Le
+Comte de Grammont est parti aujourd'hui avec sa femme."
+
+These several letters, all important to the annotators of Grammont, give
+the precise dates of the chevalier's first visit to the Court of Charles
+II., and of his departure, and settle the date of his marriage within a few
+days. This event must have taken place in December, 1663. Mrs. Jameson and
+Mr. Cunningham place it in 1668.
+
+On another occasion I will return to this subject.
+
+G. STEINMAN STEINMAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS.
+
+I entirely agree with G. K. (Vol. viii., p. 269.) respecting the original
+sense of "Putting a spoke in one's wheel." It surely meant to aid him in
+constructing the wheel, say of his fortune. As the true sense of this
+expression seems to have been retained in America when lost in its
+birthplace, so Ireland has retained that of another which has changed its
+sense here. By "finding a mare's nest" is, I believe, meant, fancying you
+have made a great discovery when in fact you have found nothing. I
+certainly remember the late Earl Grey using it in that sense in his place
+in parliament. But how does this accord with the following place in
+Beaumont and Fletcher?
+
+         "Why dost thou laugh?
+  What mare's nest hast thou found?"--_Bonduca_, Act V. Sc. 2.
+
+on which, rather to my surprise, Mr. Dyce has no note. Now in Ireland, when
+a person is seen laughing immoderately without any apparent cause, it is
+usual to say, "O, he has found a mare's nest, and he's laughing at the
+eggs." This perfectly agrees with the above passage from _Bonduca_, and is
+doubtless the original sense and original form of the adage.
+
+There is another of these proverbial expressions which, I think, has also
+lost its pristine sense. By "Tread on a worm and it will turn" is usually
+meant that the very meekest and most helpless persons will, when harshly
+used, turn on their persecutors. But the poor worm does, and can do, no
+such thing. I therefore think that the adage arose at the time when _worm_
+was inclusive of snake and viper, and that what was meant was, that as
+those that had the power to avenge themselves when injured would use it, so
+people should be cautious how they provoked them. I am confirmed in this
+view by the following passage in the _Wallenstein's Tod_ of Schiller, Act
+II. Sc. 6.:
+
+ "Doch einen Stachel gab Natur dem Wurm,
+  Dem Willk�r �berm�thig spielend tritt."
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EXTRACTS FROM COLCHESTER CORPORATION RECORDS.
+
+I inclose you some rather curious extracts from the corporation books of
+Colchester, which I made a few years since, during an investigation of some
+of the charities of that ancient borough.
+
+JAS. WHISHAW.
+
+    "The informac[=o]n of Richard Glascock of Horden-of-the-Hill, in the
+    County of Essex, Cordwayner, aged twenty-four yeeres or thereabouts,
+    taken upon oath the 5^{th} of June, 1651, before Jno. Furlie, Gent.,
+    Mayor of the Towne of Colchester.
+
+    "The Informant saieth, that upon the Lord's daie, the fower and
+    twentieth daie of May last, that W^m Beard of Horden abovesaid, did cut
+    off the taile of the catt of Thomas Burgis of Fanies Pishe, and
+    Margaret, the wife of the s^d Tho^s Burgis, after the catt's taile was
+    cutt off, came home, and seeing that her catt's taile had bin cutt off
+    she enquired who had done it, and being told that the s^d W^m Beard had
+    done it, she s^d she would be even w^{th} him before he went out of
+    towne.
+
+    "RICHARD GLASCOCK."
+
+    "The informac[=o]n of H^y Potter, aged twenty yeeres or thereabouts, of
+    Horden abovesaid, Lynnen Weaver, taken upon oath the day and yeere
+    abovesaid.
+
+    "This informant saieth, that y^e s^d fower and twentieth daie of May
+    the taile of the catt of the s^d Thomas Burgis being cutt off by the
+    s^d W^m Beard, and y^e s^d Margaret the wife of the s^d Tho^s Burgis
+    haveing bin told that the s^d W^m Beard had done it, she p^rsentlie
+    told the s^d Beard she would be even with him before he went out of
+    towne, and flewe in his face, and said she would give him something
+    before he went out of her howse. And this informant saieing, Good
+    woman, I hope you will give him noe poyson, and she replyed, he would
+    not be soe foolish as to take any thinge of her, but she would be even
+    w^{th} him before he went out of towne."
+
+    "HENRY POTTER."
+
+    "The informac[=o]n of R^d Spencer, aged thirtie yeeres or thereabouts,
+    Servant to Capt^n Thomas Caldwell, taken upon oath the day and yeere
+    aforesaid.
+
+    "This informant saieth, that the before-named W^m Beard being very
+    sicke and in a strange distemper, and {465} haveing heard that
+    Margaret, the wife of the before-named Thomas Burgis, had threatened
+    him, did suspect the s^d W^m Beard might be bewitched or ill dealt
+    w^{th}, did cut off some of his haire off from his head, and did wind
+    it up together and put it into the fire, and could not for a good while
+    make it burne, untill he tooke a candle and put under it or into it,
+    and then w^{th} much adoe it did burne, and after it was burnt y^e s^d
+    Beard laie still, and before it was burnt he was in such a distemper
+    that three men could hardlie hold him into his bed.
+
+    "RICHARD SPENCER.
+    "his + mark."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONVOCATION IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II.
+
+One hears it so often repeated, that Convocation was finally suppressed in
+1717, in consequence of the accusations brought by the Lower House against
+Bishop Hoadley, that it seems worth while noting in correction of this,
+that though no licence from the Crown to make canons has ever been granted
+since that time, yet that Convocation met and sat in 1728, and again for
+some sessions in the spring of 1742, when several important subjects were
+brought before it; among which was the very interesting question of
+curates' stipends, in these words:
+
+    "VIIth. That much reproach is brought upon the beneficed, and much
+    oppression upon the unbeneficed, clergy, by curates accepting too
+    scanty salaries from incumbents."
+
+and which was really the last subject that was ever brought before
+Convocation. On Jan. 27, 1742, it was unanimously agreed, that "the motion
+made by the Archdeacon of Lincoln concerning ecclesiastical courts and
+clandestine marriages, the qualifications of persons to be admitted into
+holy orders, and the salaries and titles of curates," should be "reduced
+into writing, and the particulars offered to the House at their next
+assembly." But in the next session, on March 5, 1742, the Prolocutor, Dr.
+Lisle, was afraid to go on with the business before the House, and after
+"speaking much of a _pr�munire_," and "echoing and reverberating the word
+from one side of good King Henry's Chapel to the other," the whole was let
+drop; and Convocation was fully consigned to the silence and the slumber of
+a century. The whole of these transactions are detailed in a scarce
+pamphlet, _A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Lisle, Prolocutor of the Lower House_,
+by the Archdeacon of Lincoln (the Venerable G. Reynolds).
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARALLEL PASSAGES.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 435.; Vol. vi., p. 123.; Vol. vii., p. 151.)
+
+    1. "When she had passed it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite
+    music."--Longfellow's _Evangeline_, Part i. I.
+
+    "When she comes into the room, it is like a beautiful air of Mozart
+    breaking upon you."--Thackeray "On a good-looking young Lady." (Quoted
+    in _Westminster Review_, April 1853.)
+
+    2. "Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere."--Whence?
+
+    "We are the twin stars, and cannot shine in one sphere. When he rises I
+    must set."--Congreve, _Love for Love_, Act III. Sc. 4.
+
+    3. "Et ce n'est pas toujours par valeur et par chastet� que les hommes
+    sont vaillants et que les femmes sont chastes."--De La Rochefoucauld,
+    _Max._ I.
+
+    "Yes, faith! I believe some women are virtuous, too; but 'tis as I
+    believe some men are valiant, through fear."--Congreve, _Love for
+    Love_, Act III. Sc. 14.
+
+    4. "Mais si les vaisseaux sillonnent un moment les ondes, la vague
+    vient effacer aussit�t cette l�g�re marque de servitude, et la mer
+    reparait telle qu'elle fut au premier jour de la Cr�ation."--_Corinne_,
+    b. I. ch. 4.
+
+    "Such as Creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now!"--Byron, _Childe
+    Harold_.
+
+    5. "Il est plus honteux de se m�fier de ses amis que d'en �tre
+    tromp�."--De La Rochefoucauld, _Max._ LXXXIV.
+
+ "Better trust all, and be deceived,
+    And weep that trust, and that deceiving,
+  Than doubt one heart that, if believed,
+    Had blessed thy life with true believing!
+
+ "Oh! in this mocking world, too fast
+    The doubting fiend o'ertakes our youth:
+  Better be cheated to the last,
+    Than lose the blessed hope of truth!"--Mrs. Butler (Fanny Kemble).
+
+6. In "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435., I cited, as a parallel to Shelley, the
+following from Southey's _Doctor_, vol. vi. p. 158.:
+
+    "The sense of flying in our sleep might, he thought, probably be the
+    anticipation or forefeeling of an unevolved power, like an Aurelia's
+    dream of butterfly motion."
+
+In Spicer's _Sights and Sounds_ (1853), p. 140., is to be found a poem
+professing to have been "dictated by the spirit of Robert Southey," on
+March 25, 1851, the fourth stanza of which runs as follows:
+
+ "The soul, like some sweet flower-bud yet unblown,
+    Lay tranced in beauty in its silent cell:
+  The spirit slept, but dreamed of worlds unknown,
+    _As dreams the chrysalis within its shell_,
+          Ere summer breathes its spell."
+
+What inference should be drawn from this coincidence for or against the
+reality of the "spiritual dictation?"
+
+HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{466}
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Shakspeare's Works with a Digest of all the Readings_ (Vol. viii., pp. 74.
+170. 362.).--I am exceedingly obliged to your correspondent ESTE for his
+suggestions, and need not say that any sincere advice will be most
+respectfully considered. In the second volume of my folio edition of
+Shakspeare, I am partially endeavouring to carry out the design to which he
+alludes, by giving a digest of all the readings up to the year 1684. How is
+it possible to carry out his wish farther with any advantage? I should feel
+particularly thankful for a satisfactory reply to the following questions
+in relation to this important subject:--1. As many copies of the first and
+other folio editions, as well as nearly all the copies of the same quarto
+editions, differ from each other, how are these differences to be treated?
+What copies are to be taken for texts, and how many copies of each are to
+be collated? 2. Are such books as Beckett, Jackson and others, to be
+examined? If not, are _any_ conjectural emendations of the last and present
+centuries to be given? Where is the line to be drawn? A mere selection is
+valueless, or next to valueless; because, setting aside the differences in
+opinion in such matters, we want to know what conjectures are new, and
+which are old? 3. Are the various readings suggested in periodicals to be
+given? 4. Can any positive and practical rules be furnished, likely to
+render such an undertaking useful and successful?
+
+J. O. HALLIWELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Local Rhymes, Kent._--
+
+ "Between Wickham and Welling
+  There's not an honest man dwelling;
+  And I'll tell you the reason why,
+  Because Shooters' Hill's so nigh."
+
+Unless this is preserved in "N. & Q." it will probably be forgotten with
+the highwaymen, whose proceedings at Shooters' Hill, no doubt, originated
+it.
+
+G. W. SKYRING.
+
+_Samuel Pepys's Grammar._--I have lately been looking over the _Diary_ of
+this very clever person, and I confess it has surprised me to find him, a
+graduate of Cambridge, and, in fact, I may say a man of letters, constantly
+employing such vulgar bad grammar as "he _do_ say," and such like. I am the
+more surprised when, on looking at his letters, even the familiar ones to
+his cousin Roger and to W. Hewer, I can find nothing of the kind, they
+being as grammatical and as well written as any of the time.
+
+My hypothesis is--LORD BRAYBROOKE can correct me if I am wrong--that Pepys,
+writing his _Diary_ in short-hand, used one and the same character for all
+the persons of the present tense of _do_, and that the decypherer did not
+attend to this circumstance. In his letter to Col. Legge (vol. v. p. 296.),
+Pepys writes "His R. H. _does_ think," &c., which in the _Diary_ would
+surely be "His R. H. _do_ think," &c. In a similar way I would account for
+the use of _come_ instead of _came_ in the _Diary_, as there is nothing of
+the kind in the Letters. Should I be right, I may have rendered a slight
+service to the memory of an able and worthy man.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+_Roman Remains._--In Wright's _Celt, Roman, and Saxon_, p. 207., a curious
+Roman altar, dedicated to Silvanus, "ab aprum eximi� forme captum," is
+mentioned as found at Durham. It was found in the wild district to the
+west, in the neighbourhood of Stanhope in Weardale, and is preserve in the
+rectory house there.
+
+P. 330., figure A. This armilla (?) was not found in Northumberland, but in
+Sussex, together with several others of the same form, a torques and celts.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_To grab._--A very popular writer has lately rightly denounced the use of
+this word as a vulgarism. Like many other monosyllables used by our working
+classes, it may plead antiquity in extenuation of its vulgarity. It has
+been derived from the Welsh word _grabiaw_, to grasp, and in ancient times
+was one of our "household words." The retention by a tailor of a portion of
+the cloth delivered to him, although it had been a usage from time
+immemorial, might have been considered by our forefathers as a _grabbage_:
+we now call it _cabbage_.
+
+N. W. S.
+
+_Curfew at Sandwich._--Sometime back it was stated that the curfew at
+Sandwich had been discontinued. It has been resumed in consequence of the
+opposition made by the inhabitants. The same occurred about twenty years
+ago. (From information on the spot.)
+
+E. M.
+
+_Ecclesiastical Censure._--Ecclesiastical censure was often used in the
+Middle Ages to enforce civil rights, specially that of the exemption of the
+clergy from the judgment of a lay tribunal. The following instance thereof
+is new to me. I have copied it from "Collectanea Gervasii Holles," vol. i.
+p. 529., Lansdowne MS. 207., in the British Museum:
+
+    "Ex Archis Linc. a^o 1307.
+
+    "The Major and Burgesses of Grimesby hanged a Preist for theft called
+    Richard of Notingham. Hereupon y[=e] B^p sendes to y[=e] Abbott of
+    Wellow to associate to himselfe twelue adjacent chapleins to examine
+    y[=e] cause, and in St. James his Church Excommunicates all y^t had any
+    hand in it of whatsoever condition they were, y[=e] King, Queen, and
+    Prince of Wales excepted; {467} and y[=e] B^p himselfe did
+    Excommunicate them in y[=e] Cathedral Church of Lincolne, y[=e] fifth
+    of y[=e] Ides of Aprill following."
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+_The Natural History of Balmoral._--Dr. William Macgillivray, Professor of
+Civil and Natural History in the Marischal College of Aberdeen, and who
+died there Sept. 5, 1852, left an unpublished MS. on "The Natural History
+of Balmoral and its Neighbourhood." This work has been purchased from his
+executors by His Royal Highness Prince Albert; and is to be printed for the
+use of Her Majesty and the Royal Family, and for circulation among their
+august relatives. It was the last work on which the distinguished author
+was engaged, and was only completed a short time previous to his death. It
+also contains some curious speculations regarding several plants and herbs
+of that Alpine district, and their uses in a medicinal and domestic point
+of view, as known to the ancient Caledonians and Picts. Altogether it is a
+most interesting work.
+
+W.
+
+_Shirt Collars._--In Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 381., I find the
+following, which I think is after the present ridiculous fashion of wearing
+shirt collars, viz. so tight round the neck, and so stiff, that it is a
+wonder there are not some serious accidents.
+
+These collars, at present worn by the fast young men of the day, are called
+"The Piccadilly three-folds." Now, if this goes on until they get to a
+"nail in depth, and stiffened with yellow starch, and _double wired_," I
+think it will only be proper to put a heavy tax upon them.
+
+    "_Piccadilly._--The picadil was the round hem, or the piece set about
+    the edge or skirt of a garment, whether at top or bottom; also a kind
+    of _stiff collar_, made in fashion of a band, that went about the neck
+    and round about the shoulders: hence the term 'wooden piccadilloes'
+    (meaning the pillory) in _Hudibras_; and see Nares' _Glossary_, and
+    Blount's _Glossographia_. At the time that ruffs and picadils were much
+    in fashion, there was a celebrated ordinary near St. James's, called
+    _Piccadilly_: because, as some say, it was the outmost, or skirt-house,
+    situate at the hem of the town: but it more probably took its name from
+    one Higgins, a tailor, who made a fortune by picadils, and built this
+    with a few adjoining houses. The name has by a few been derived from a
+    much frequented shop for the sale of these articles; this probably took
+    its rise from the circumstance of Higgins having built houses there,
+    which however were not for selling ruffs; and indeed, with the
+    exception of his buildings, the site of the present Piccadilly was at
+    that time open country, and quite out of the way of trade. At a later
+    period, when Burlington House was built, its noble owner chose the
+    situation, then at some distance from the extremity of the town, that
+    _none might build beyond_ him. The ruffs formerly worn by gentlemen
+    were frequently _double wired_, and _stiffened_ with _yellow starch_:
+    and the practice was at one time carried to such an excess, that they
+    were limited by Queen Elizabeth '_to a nayle of a yeard in depth_.' In
+    the time of James I., they still continued of a preposterous size: so
+    that, previous to the visit made by that monarch to Cambridge in 1615,
+    the Vice-chancellor of the University thought fit to issue an order,
+    prohibiting 'the fearful enormity and excess of apparel seen in all
+    degrees, as, namely, _strange piccadilloes_, vast bands, huge cuffs,
+    shoe roses, tufts, locks, and tops of hair, unbeseeming that modesty
+    and carriage of students in so renowned a university.'"
+
+It is scarcely to be supposed that the ladies were deficient in the size of
+their ruffs, &c.
+
+I must conclude this in the words of the immortal poet:
+
+ "    .    .    .    .     New fashions,
+  Though they be never so ridiculous,
+  Nay, let them be unmanly, yet are followed."
+
+H. E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+"DAYS OF MY YOUTH."
+
+The following lines are understood to have been written by the late Mr. St.
+George Tucker of Virginia, U. S. Any information in support of this
+opinion, or, if it be unfounded, in disproof of it, is requested by
+
+T.
+
+          DAYS OF MY YOUTH.
+
+  Days of my youth! ye have glided away,
+  Hairs of my youth! ye are frosted and gray;
+  Eyes of my youth! your keen sight is no more;
+  Cheeks of my youth! ye are furrow'd all o'er;
+  Strength of my youth! all your vigour is gone;
+  Thoughts of my youth! all your visions are flown!
+
+  Days of my youth! I wish not your recall,
+  Hairs of my youth! I'm content you should fall;
+  Eyes of my youth! ye much evil have seen;
+  Cheeks of my youth! bathed in tears have you been;
+  Thoughts of my youth! ye have led me astray;
+  Strength of my youth! why lament your decay!
+
+  Days of my age! ye will shortly be past;
+  Pains of my age! yet awhile can ye last;
+  Joys of my age! in true wisdom delight;
+  Eyes of my age! be religion your light;
+  Thoughts of my age! dread not the cold sod,
+  Hopes of my age! be ye fix'd on your God!--ST. GEORGE TUCKER, Judge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Randall Minshull and his Cheshire Collections._--Of what family was
+Randall Minshull, who, in the Addenda to Gower's _Sketch for a History of_
+{468} _Cheshire_, p. 94., is stated to have professedly made a collection
+for the _Antiquities of Cheshire_ by the desire of Lord Malpas? and where
+is such collection at the present time to met with?
+
+CESTRIENSIS.
+
+_Mackey's "Theory of the Earth."_--I have a small pamphlet entitled,
+
+    "A New Theory of the Earth and of Planetary Motion; in which it is
+    demonstrated that the Sun is Vicegerent of his own System. By Sampson
+    Arnold Mackey, author of _Mythological Astronomy_ and _Urania's Key to
+    the Revelations, &c._ Norwich, printed for the Author."
+
+There is no date on the title-page, but a notice on the second page
+indicates 1825. The book is extraordinary, and shows great astronomical and
+philological attainments, with some startling facts in geology, and bold
+theories as to the formation of the earth. I have endeavoured to procure
+the other two works of which Mr. Mackey is said to be the author, and also
+some account of him, but without success. I can hardly suppose that a
+writer of so much ability and learning can be unknown, and shall feel much
+obliged by any information as to him or his writings.
+
+J. WARD.
+
+Coventry.
+
+_Birthplace of King Edward V._--Can you give me any information as to the
+exact birthplace of this monarch?
+
+Hume (vol. ii. p. 430.) merely says that he was born while his mother was
+in sanctuary in London, and his father was a fugitive from the victorious
+Earl of Warwick.
+
+Commynes (book iii. chap. 5.) also says that she took refuge "es franchises
+qui sont � Londres," and "y accoucha d'ung filz en grant povret�."
+
+Chastellain, at p. 486. of his _Chronique_, says: "Elle alla �
+Saincte-Catherine, une abbeye, disoient aucuns: aucuns autres disoient �
+Vasemonstre (Westminster), lieu de franchise, qui oncques n'avoit est�
+corrompu."
+
+I should be glad to have some more definite information on this point, if
+any of your readers can supply it.
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+_Name of Infants._--In Scotland there is a superstition that it is unlucky
+to tell the name of infants before they are christened. Can this be
+explained?
+
+R. J. A.
+
+_Geometrical Curiosity._--Take half a sheet of note-paper; fold and crease
+it so that two opposite corners exactly meet; then fold and crease it so
+that the remaining two opposite corners exactly meet. Armed with a fine
+pair of scissors, proceed now to repeat both these folds alternately
+without cessation, taking care to cut off quite flush and clear all the
+overlappings on both sides after each fold. When these overlappings become
+too small to be cut off, _the paper is in the shape of a circle_, _i. e._
+the ultimate intersection of an infinite series of tangents. Perhaps
+PROFESSOR DE MORGAN will give the _rationale_ of this procedure.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Denison Family._--Can any correspondent of "N. & Q." inform me how the
+Denisons of Denbies, near Dorking, in Surrey, and the Denisons of
+Ossington, in Nottinghamshire, were related? Who was Mr. Robert Denison of
+Nottingham, who took a very active part in politics at the commencement of
+the French Revolution? His wife had a handsome legacy from a rich old lady,
+one Mrs. Williams, of whom I would much like to know something farther.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_"Came."_--In Pegge's _Anecdotes of the English Language_, p. 189., we
+read:
+
+    "The real preterit of the Saxon verb _coman_, is _com_. _Came_ is
+    therefore a violent infringement, though it is impossible to detect the
+    innovator, or any of his accomplices."
+
+When was the word _came_ introduced into our language? Early instances of
+its use would be very welcome.
+
+H. T. G.
+
+Hull.
+
+_Montmartre._--By some this name is derived from _mons martis_; by others
+from _mons martyrum_. Which is the more satisfactory etymology, and upon
+what authority does it rest?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Law of Copyright: British Museum._--Observing that the _new_ law of
+copyright, which was passed and came into operation on the 1st of July,
+1842, _expressly repeals_ all of the statutes previously existing on that
+subject, I am anxious to know, through the medium of "N. & Q.," if the
+British Museum authorities can claim and enforce the delivery of any book,
+_although not entered on the books of Stationers' Hall_, which may have
+been printed and published _before_ the passing of the said act of 1842. If
+so, then what is the state of the act or statute which bears upon that
+particular privilege?
+
+J. A.
+
+Glasgow.
+
+_Veneration for the Oak._--The oak--"the brave old oak"--has been an object
+of veneration in this country from the prim�val to the present times. The
+term _oak_ is used in several places in Scripture, but nowhere does it
+appear to refer to the oak as we know it--_our indigenous oak_. The _oak_,
+under which God appeared to Abraham, bears apparently a resemblance to the
+_tree of life_ of the Assyrian sculptures; and, perhaps, the _Zoroastrian_
+{469} _Homa_, or sacred tree, and the _sacred tree of the Hindus_; and the
+same may yet be found in the _British oak_. Is there a botanical affinity
+between these trees? Are they all _oaks_? Was the _tree of life_, as
+described in the Bible, an _oak_?
+
+G. W.
+
+Stansted, Montfichet.
+
+_Father Matthew's Chickens._--Can any of your correspondents explain why
+grouse in Scotland are sometimes called "Father Matthew's chickens?"
+
+M. R. G.
+
+_Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book proper Names._--I feel sure that
+many of your clerical correspondents would feel much obliged by any
+assistance that might be forwarded them through the medium of your columns
+respecting the correct pronunciation of those proper names which occur
+during divine service: such as Sabaoth, Moriah, Aceldama, Sabacthani,
+Abednego, and several others of the same class.--The opinions already given
+in publications are so contradictory, that I have been induced to ask you
+to insert this Query.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+_MSS. of Anthony Bave._--I possess a volume of MS. Sermons, Treatises, and
+Memorandums in the autograph of one Anthony Bave, who appears, from the
+doctrines broached therein, to have been a moderate Puritan. What is known
+concerning him? It is a book I value much from the beauty of the writing
+and the vigorous style of the discourses.
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+_Return of Gentry, temp. Hen. VI._--In what collection, or where, can the
+Return of Gentry of England 12th Henry VI. be seen or met with?
+
+GLAIUS.
+
+_Taylor's "Holy Living."_--In Pickering's edition of this work (London,
+1848), _some_ of the quotations are placed in square brackets (_e. g._ on
+p. xii.); and _some_ of the paragraphs have an asterisk prefixed to them
+(as on p. 8.). Why?
+
+A. A. D.
+
+_Captain Jan Dimmeson._--Can any one give me some information about him? I
+find his name on a pane of glass, with the date of 1667, in the vicinity of
+Windsor. I had not an opportunity to obtain a copy of some words that were
+painted on the glass, beneath a fine flowing sea with a ship in full sail
+upon its bosom.
+
+F. M.
+
+_Greek and Roman Fortification._--Where can I obtain an account of Greek
+and Roman fortification? I am surprised to find that Smith's _Classical
+Dictionary_ has no article upon that subject.
+
+J. H. J.
+
+_The Queen at Chess._--In the old titles of the men at chess, the queen,
+who does all the hard work, was called the prime minister, or grand vizier.
+When did the change take place, and who thought of giving all the power to
+a woman? Truly in the game "woman is the head of the man," reversing the
+just order.
+
+C. S. W.
+
+_Vida on Chess._--I have had in my possession for more than five years a
+translation of Vida on _Chess_. It is in the handwriting of a celebrated
+poet of the last century; but whether a mere transcript or a version of his
+own, is more than I can affirm. Now, I shall feel obliged by any
+information on the subject, whether positive or negative, and transcribe
+the exordium with that view. It is not the version which was made by George
+Jeffreys, and revised by _Alexander Pope_[1]:
+
+         "Vida's Scacchis, or Chess."
+
+ "Armies of box that sportively engage,
+  And mimick real battels in their rage,
+  Pleas'd I recount; how smit with glory's charms,
+  Two mighty monarchs met in adverse arms,
+  Sable and white: assist me to explore,
+  Ye Serian nymphs, what ne'er was sung before."
+
+Bolton Corney.
+
+[Footnote 1: The only one which I have seen.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Thornton Abbey._--Can any of your readers give me some information
+respecting an old and ruinous building called "Thornton Abbey," situate
+about ten miles from Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and also about two miles from
+the river Humber?
+
+VICTOR.
+
+Grimsby.
+
+    [Tanner states, the house was called Thorneton Curteis, and Torrington.
+    It was founded by William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, and Lord of
+    Holderness, about the year 1139, for Austin Canons, and was dedicated
+    to the Virgin Mary. Dugdale says, that when first founded it was a
+    priory, and the monks were introduced from the monastery of Kirkham;
+    but was changed into an abbey by Pope Eugenius III., A.D. 1148. Though
+    Henry VIII. suppressed the Abbey, he reserved the greater part of the
+    lands to endow a college, which he erected in its room, for a dean and
+    prebendaries, to the honour of the Holy and Undivided Trinity. From the
+    remains it must have been a magnificent building. Originally it
+    consisted of an extensive quadrangle, surrounded by a deep ditch, with
+    high ramparts, and built in a style adapted for occasional defence. To
+    the east of the gateway are the remains of the abbey church. The
+    chapter-house, part of which is standing, was of an octangular shape,
+    and highly decorated. On the south of the ruins of the church is a
+    building, now occupied as a farm-house, which formerly was the
+    residence of the abbots. It was afterwards the seat of Edward {470}
+    Skinner, Esq., who married Ann, daughter of Sir William Wentworth,
+    brother to the unfortunate Earl of Strafford. The estate was purchased
+    from one of the Skinner family by Sir Richard Sutton, Bart.; it is now
+    in the possession of Lord Yarborough. In taking down a wall in the
+    ruins of the abbey, a human skeleton was found, with a table, a book,
+    and a candle-stick. It is supposed to have been the remains of the
+    fourteenth abbot, who, it is stated, was for some crime sentenced to be
+    immured--a mode of capital punishment not uncommon in monasteries. Four
+    views of the abbey are given in Allen's _History of Lincolnshire_, vol
+    ii., and some farther notices of its ancient state will be found in
+    Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. vi. pl. i. p. 324.; Tanner's _Notitia_,
+    Lincolnshire, lxxvii.; and _Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. ix. p.
+    684.]
+
+_Bishop Wilson's "Sacra Privata."_--In the new edition of this work, p.
+381., there is given a table of "The Collects, with their Tendencies."
+Under the head of Fasting, references are made to the First Sunday in Lent,
+_and the Tenth and Twenty-third after Trinity_.--There must be some mistake
+in this, as the last two collects refer to prayer. This for your
+correspondent MR. DENTON, to whom I understand the Church is indebted for
+the redintegration of the good bishop's journal.
+
+A. A. D.
+
+    [We have submitted the above to the REV. WILLIAM DENTON, who expresses
+    his obligations to A. A. D. for pointing out the error, which seems to
+    have escaped the notice of all the previous editors of the _Sacra
+    Privata_. The second edition is now at press, and, if not too late, the
+    correction will be made. MR. DENTON doubts whether the list after all
+    is the bishop's; but thinks it was only copied by him from some work.
+    Can any one point out the source? It is singular that another mistake
+    of the bishop's should have escaped the notice of all previous editors,
+    namely, the tendency of the collect for Whit-Sunday being described as
+    _Humiliation_ instead of _Illumination_.]
+
+_Derivation of "Chemistry."_--Are there any historical reasons for deriving
+the word _chemistry_ from _Chemi_, the name of Egypt, as is done by Bunsen
+and others?
+
+T. H. T.
+
+    [Dr. Thomson, the writer of the article "Chemistry" in the
+    _Encyclop�dia Britannica_, thus notices this derivation: "The generally
+    received opinion among alchymistical writers was, that chemistry
+    originated in Egypt; and the honour of the invention has been
+    unanimously conferred on Hermes Trismegistus. He is by some supposed to
+    be the same person with Chanaan, the son of Ham, whose son Mizraim
+    first occupied and peopled Egypt. Plutarch informs us that Egypt was
+    sometimes called _Chemia_: this name is supposed to be derived from
+    Chanaan. Hence it was inferred that Chanaan was the inventor of
+    _chemistry_, to which he affixed his own name. Whether the Hermes of
+    the Greeks was Chanaan, or his son Mizraim, it is impossible to decide;
+    but to Hermes is assigned the invention of _chemistry_, or _the art of
+    making gold_, by almost the unanimous consent of the adepts." Dr.
+    Webster says, "The orthography of this word has undergone changes
+    through a mere ignorance of its origin, than which nothing can be more
+    obvious. It is the Arabic _kimia_, the occult art or science, from
+    _kamai_, to conceal. This was originally the art or science now called
+    alchemy; the art of converting baser metals into gold." Webster says
+    the correct orthography is _chimistry_.]
+
+_Burning for Witchcraft._--When and where was the last person burned to
+death for witchcraft in England?
+
+W. R.
+
+    [We believe the last case of burning for witchcraft was at Bury St.
+    Edmunds in 1664, tried by Sir Matthew Hale, although some accounts
+    state that the victims, Amy Duny and Rose Callender, were executed. In
+    the same year Alice Hudson was burnt at York for having received 10s.
+    at a time from his Satanic majesty. The last case of burning in
+    Scotland was in Sutherland, A.D. 1722: the judge was Captain David
+    Ross, of Little Dean. At Glarus, in Ireland, a servant girl was burnt
+    so late as 1786. The last authenticated instance of the swimming ordeal
+    occurred in 1785, and is quoted by Mr. Sternberg from a _Northampton
+    Mercury_ of that year:--"A poor woman named Sarah Bradshaw, of Mears
+    Ashby, who was accused of being a witch, in order to prove her
+    innocence, submitted to the ignominy of being dipped, when she
+    immediately sunk to the bottom of the pond, which was deemed to be an
+    incontestable proof that she was no witch!"]
+
+_The Small City Companies._--Where does the fullest information appear
+respecting their early condition, &c.? Herbert's work only occasionally
+refers to them, and I am aware of many incidental notices of them in
+Histories of London, &c.; but it does not amount to much, and I should be
+glad to know if there is no fuller account of them. The companies of
+Pewterers or Bakers, for example.
+
+B.
+
+    [Beside the incidental notices to be found in Stow, Maitland, and
+    Seymour, our correspondent must consult the Harleian MSS.; and if he
+    will turn to the Index volume at p. 294., he will find references to
+    the following companies:--Bakers', Drapers', Painters', Stainers',
+    Pinners', Scriveners', Skinners', Wax-chandlers', Wharfingers',
+    Weavers', and other miscellaneous notes relating to the city of London
+    generally.]
+
+_Rousseau and Boileau._--Are there any full and complete English
+translations of Rousseau's _Confessions_ and Boileau's _Satires_?
+
+ALLEDIUS.
+
+    [The following translations have been published:--_The Confessions of
+    J. J. Rousseau_, in two Parts, London, 12mo., five vols., 1790;
+    Boileau's _Satires_, 8vo., 1808: see also his _Works_ made English by
+    Mr. Ozell and others, two vols. 8vo., London, 1711-12, and three vols.
+    8vo., London, 1714.]
+
+_Bishop Kennett's MS. Diary._--Where is Bishop Kennett's MS. Diary, from
+which his often-cited description of Dean Swift is taken, to be found?
+{471} Sir Walter Scott (Swift's _Works_, vol. xvi. p. 76.) says "it was
+formerly in the possession of Lord Lansdowne, and is now in the British
+Museum." I have never been able to find it.
+
+F. B.
+
+    [The _Diary_ here referred to by Sir Walter Scott will be found at p.
+    428. in Lansdowne MS. 1024., which forms the third and last volume of
+    Bishop Kennett's "Materials for an Ecclesiastical History of England."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 596.; Vol. vii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375.)
+
+It may be worth recording, that among the MS. papers of the late James
+Boswell, which were I believe sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby and Co.,
+there was the office copy and probate of the will of Milton's widow. She
+was described as Elizabeth Milton of Namptwich, widow; and it was dated the
+27th of August, 1727. In the will she bequeathed all her effects, after the
+payment of her debts, to be divided between her nieces and nephews in
+Namptwich; and named as her executors, Samuel Acton and John Allcock, Esqs.
+Probate was granted to John Allcock, October 10, 1727.
+
+Beside this, there was a bond or acquittance, dated 1680 from Richard
+Mynshull, described of Wistaston in Cheshire, frame-work knitter, for
+100_l_. received of Mrs. Elizabeth Milton in consideration of a transfer to
+her of a lease for lives, or ninety-nine years, of a messuage at Brindley
+in Cheshire, held under Sir Thomas Wilbraham.
+
+There were also receipts or releases from Milton's three daughters, Anne
+Milton, Mary Milton, and Deborah Clarke (to the last of which Abraham
+Clarke was a party): the first two dated Feb. 22, 1674; the last, March 27
+in the same year; for 100l. each, received of Elizabeth Milton their
+step-mother in consideration of their shares of their father's estate. The
+sums were, with the consent of Christopher Milton and Richard Powell, both
+described of the Inner Temple, to be disposed of in the purchase of
+rent-charges or annuities for the benefit of the said daughters.
+
+Two of these documents appear to be now in the possession of your
+correspondents MR. MARSH and MR. HUGHES; but I have met with no mention
+hitherto of the destination of the others.
+
+These may seem trifling minuti� to notice, but nothing can fairly be
+considered unimportant which may lead to the elucidation of the domestic
+history of Milton.
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+Mickleham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OATHS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 364.)
+
+There can be no doubt that, as your correspondent suggests, the judicial
+oath was originally taken without kissing the book, but with the form of
+laying the right hand upon it; and, moreover that this custom is of Pagan
+origin. Amongst the Greeks, oaths were frequently accompanied by sacrifice;
+and it was the custom to lay the hands upon the victim, or upon the altar,
+thereby calling to witness the deity by whom the oath was sworn. So
+Juvenal, _Sat._ XIV. 218.:
+
+ "Falsus erit testis, vendet perjuria summa
+  Exigua, et Cereris tangens aramque pedemque."
+
+Christians under the later Roman emperors adopted from the Greeks a similar
+ceremony. In the well-known case of Omychund _v._ Barker, heard in
+Michaelmas Term, 1744, and reported in 1 Atk. 27., the Solicitor-General
+quoted a passage from Selden, which gives us some information on this
+point:
+
+    "Mittimus hic, principibus Christianis, ut ex historiis satis obviis
+    liquet, solennia fuisse et peculiaria juramenta, ut per vultum sancti
+    Luc�, per pedem Christi, per sanctum hunc vel illum, ejusmodi alia
+    nimis crebra: _Inolevit hero tandem, ut quemadmodum Pagani sacris ac
+    mysteriis aliquo suis aut tactis aut pr�sentibus jurare solebant, ita
+    solenniora Christianorum juramenta fierent, aut tactis sacrosanctis
+    evangeliis, aut inspectis, aut in eorum pr�sentia manu ad pectus amota,
+    sublata aut protensa_; atque is corporaliter seu personaliter
+    juramentum pr�stari dictum est, ut ab juramentis per epistolam, aut in
+    scriptis solummodo pr�stitis distingueretur, inde in vulgi passim ore."
+
+Lord Coke tells us, in the passage quoted at p. 364., that this was called
+the corporal oath, because the witness "toucheth with his hand some part of
+the Holy Scripture;" but the better opinion seems to be, that it was so
+called from the ancient custom of laying the hands upon the _corporale_, or
+cloth which covered the sacred elements, by which the most solemn oath was
+taken in Popish times.
+
+As to the form of kissing the book, I am inclined to think that it is not
+of earlier date than the latter part of the sixteenth century, and that it
+was first prescribed as part of the ceremony of taking the oaths of
+allegiance and supremacy. In the _Harl. Misc._, vol. vi. p. 282. (edit.
+1810), is an account of the trial of Margaret Fell and George Fox, for
+refusing to take the oath of allegiance, followed by "An Answer to Bishop
+Lancelot Andrewe's Sermon concerning Swearing." At p 298., Fox brings
+forward instances of conscientious scruples among Christians in former
+times, respecting the taking of oaths. He says:
+
+    "Did not the Pope, when he had got up over the churches, give forth
+    both oath and curse, with bell, {472} book, and candle? And was not the
+    ceremony of his oath, to lay three fingers a-top of the book, to
+    signify the Trinity; and two fingers under the book, to signify
+    damnation of body and soul if they sware falsely? And was not there a
+    great number of people that would not swear, and suffered great
+    persecution, as read the _Book of Martyrs_ but to Bonner's days? And it
+    is little above an hundred years since the Protestants got up; and they
+    gave forth the oath of allegiance, and the oath of supremacy: the one
+    was to deny the Pope's supremacy, and the other to acknowledge the
+    kings of England; _so we need not tell to you of their form, and show
+    you the ceremony of the oath; it saith_, '_Kiss the book_;' and the
+    book saith 'Kiss the Son,' which saith 'Swear not at all.'"
+
+Still the laying of the hand on the book seems to have been an essential
+form; for, during the trial, when the oath was offered to Margaret Fell,
+"the clerk held out the book, and bid her pull off her glove, and lay her
+hand on the book" (_H. M._, p. 285.). And directly after, when the oath had
+been read to Fox, the following scene is described:
+
+    "'Give him the book,' _said they_; and so a man that stood by him held
+    up the book, and said, 'Lay your hand on the book.'
+
+    "_Geo. Fox._ 'Give me the book in my hand.' Which set them all
+    a-gazing, and as in hope he would have sworn."
+
+And it appears from the case of Omychund v. Barker, that, at that time, the
+usual form was by laying the right hand on the book, and kissing it
+afterwards (1 Atk. 42.). It seems not improbable that Paley's suggestion,
+in his _Moral Philosophy_, vol. i. p. 192. (10th edit.), may be correct. He
+says:
+
+    "The kiss seems rather an act of reverence to the contents of the book,
+    as, in the Popish ritual, the priest kisses the gospel before he reads
+    it, than any part of the oath."
+
+The Query respecting the Welsh custom I must leave to those who are better
+informed respecting the judicial forms of that country; merely suggesting
+whether the practice alluded to by your correspondent may not originally
+have had a meaning similar to that of the three fingers on the book, and
+two under, as described by Fox in the passage above quoted.
+
+ERICA.
+
+Warwick.
+
+In the bailiwick of Guernsey the person sworn lifts his right hand, and the
+presiding judge, who administers the oath, says "Vous jurez par la foi et
+le serment que vous devez � Dieu que," &c. Oaths of office, however, are
+taken on the Gospels, and are read to the person swearing by the greffier,
+or clerk of the court. The reason of this difference may be accounted for
+by the fact that the official oaths, as they now exist, appear to have been
+drawn up about the beginning of the reign of James I., and that in all
+probability the form was enjoined by the superior authority of the Privy
+Council.
+
+Which of the two forms was generally used before the Reformation, I have
+not been able to discover; but in an account of the laws, privileges, and
+customs of the island, taken by way of inquisition in the year 1331, but
+more fully completed and approved in the year 1441, it appears that the
+juries of the several parishes were sworn "sur Sainctes Evangiles de Dieu
+par eulx et par chacun d'eulx corporellement touch�,"--"par leurs
+consciences sur le peril de la dampnation de leurs ames."
+
+I remember to have seen men from some of the Baltic ports, when told to
+lift their right hands to be sworn, double down the ring finger and the
+little finger, as is done by bishops in the Roman Catholic Church when
+giving the benediction.
+
+In France the person making oath lifts his right hand. The oath is
+administered by the presiding judge without any reference to the Deity, but
+the person who swears is required to answer "Je le jure." I observed that
+in Britanny, when the person sworn was ignorant of the French language, the
+answer was "Va Dou�," which, I believe, means in the Breton dialect, "By
+God."
+
+In the Ecclesiastical Court of Guernsey I have seen the book presented to
+the person swearing open at one of the Gospels; but in the Royal Court the
+book is put into the right hand of the party making oath, shut. In either
+case it is required that the book should be kissed.
+
+HONOR� DE MAREVILLE.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMMINATORY INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 64. 153.)
+
+Many inscriptions, comminatory or exhortatory, written in books and
+directed to readers, have been commemorated in "N. & Q." Towards the
+beginning of the present century, the most common epigram of the kind in
+the French public schools was the following elegant motto, with its
+accompanying illustration:
+
+ "Aspice _Pierrot_ pendu,
+  Quota librum n'a pas rendu!"
+
+Poor Pierrot is exhibited in a state of suspension, as hanging from the
+inverted letter L ([Gamma]), which symbolises the fatal tree. Comminatory
+and exhortatory cautions not to soil, spoil, or tear books and MSS. occur
+so frequently in the records of monastic libraries, that a whole album
+could easily be filled with them. The coquettish bishop, Venantius
+Fortunatus, has a distich on the subject. Another learned Goth, Theud-wulf,
+or Theodulfus, Charlemagne's _Missus dominicus_, {473} recommends readers a
+proper ablution of their hands before turning the consecrated leaves:
+
+ "Utere me, lector, mentisque in sede locato;
+  Cumque librum petis hinc, sit tibi _lota_ manus!"--_Saith Library._
+
+Less lenient are the imprecations commemorated by Don Martenne and Wanley.
+The one inscribed on the blank leaf of a Sacramentary of the ninth century
+is to the following effect:
+
+    "Si quis eum (librum) de monasterio aliquo ingenio non redditurus,
+    abstraxerit, cum Juda proditore, Ann� et Ca�ph�, portionem �tern�
+    damnationis accipiat. Amen! Amen! Fiat! fiat!"--_Voyage Litt�raire_, p.
+    67.
+
+That is fierce and fiery, and in very earnest. A MS. of the Bodleian bears
+this other inscription, to the same import:
+
+    "Liber Sanct� Mari� de Ponte Roberti. Qui eum abstulerit aut vendiderit
+    ... aut quamlibet ejus partem absciderit, sit anathema maranatha."
+
+Canisius, in his _Antiqu� Lectiones_ (I. ii. p. 3. 320.), transcribes
+another comminatory distich, copied from a MS. of the Saint Gall library:
+
+ "Auferat hunc librum _nullus hinc_, omne per �vum,
+    Cum Gallo partem quisquis habere cupit!"
+
+Such recommendations are now no longer in use, and seem rather excessive.
+But whoever has witnessed the extreme carelessness, not to say improbity,
+of some of the readers admitted into the public continental libraries, who
+scruple not to soil, spoil, and even purloin the most precious and rare
+volumes, feels easily reconciled to the _anathema maranatha_ of the ninth
+and tenth centuries.
+
+P.S.--Excuse my French-English.
+
+PHILAR�TE CHASLES, Mazarin�us.
+
+Paris, Palais de l'Institut.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIVERIES WORN, AND MENIAL SERVICES PERFORMED, BY GENTLEMEN.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 146.)
+
+However remarkable the conduct of the rustic esquire of Downham may appear
+in the present duly, when he accepted and wore the livery of his neighbour
+the Knight-Baronet of Houghton Tower, it was a Common practice for
+gentlemen of good birth and estate to accept and wear, and even to assume
+without solicitation, upon state occasions, the livery of an influential
+neighbour, friend, or relation, in testimony of respect and affection for
+the giver of the livery.
+
+Thus it appears in the Diary of Nicholas Assheton that, in 1617, to the
+Court at Mirescough "Cooz Assheton came with his gentlemanlie servants as
+anie was there," and that the retinue of menial servants in attendance upon
+Sir Richard Houghton was graced by the presence of more than one country
+gentleman of good family. Baines, in his _History of Lancashire_, vol. ii.
+p. 366., also relates concerning Humphrey Chetham, that--
+
+    "In 1635 he was nominated to serve the office of sheriff of the county,
+    and discharged the duties thereof with great honour, several gentlemen
+    of birth and estate attending and wearing his livery at the assizes, to
+    testify their respect and affection for him."
+
+Evelyn, in his _Diary_, gives a similar account of the conduct of "divers
+gentlemen and persons of quality" in the counties of Surrey and Sussex:
+
+    "1634. My father was appointed sheriff for Surrey and Sussex before
+    they were disjoyned. He had 116 servants in liverys, every one livery'd
+    in greene sattin doublets. Divers gentlemen and persons of quality
+    waited on him in the same garbe and habit, which at that time (when
+    thirty or forty was the the usual retinue of the high sheriff) was
+    esteemed a great matter. Nor was this out of the least vanity that my
+    father exceeded (who was one of the greatest decliners of it); but
+    because he could not refuse the civility of his friends and relations,
+    who voluntarily came themselves, or sent in their servants."
+
+The practice of assuming the livery of a relation or friend, and of
+permitting servants also to wear it, appears to have existed in England in
+the time of Richard II., and to have had the personal example of this
+sovereign to support it. He seems, however, to have thereby excited the
+disapprobation of many of his spiritual and temporal peers. I produce the
+following passage with some hesitation, because it is by no means certain
+that any one of the liveries thus assumed by Richard was a livery of cloth:
+
+    "17^{th} Richard II. A.D. 1393-4.
+
+    "Richard Count d'Arundell puis le comencement de cest present Parlement
+    disoit au Roy, en presence des Achevesques de Canterbirs et d'Everwyk,
+    le Duc de Gloucestr', les Evesques de Wyncestre et Saresbirs, le Count
+    de Warrewyk et autres....
+
+    "Item [=q] le Roy deust porter la Livere de coler le Duc de Guyene et
+    de Lancastr'.
+
+    "Item [=q] gentz de retenue de Roi portent mesme la Livere....
+
+    "A qei [=n]re S[=r] le Roi alors respondi au dit Count ... [=q] bientot
+    apres la venue son dit uncle de Guyene quant il vient d'Espaign darrein
+    en Engleterre [=q] mesme [=n]re S[=r] le Roi prist le Coler du cool
+    mesme son uncle et mist a son cool demesne et dist q'il vorroit porter
+    et user en signe de bon amour d'entier coer entre eux auxi come il fait
+    les Liveres ses autres uncles.
+
+    "Item (quant au tierce) [=n]re S[=r] le Roi disoit [=q] ceo fuist de
+    counge de luy et de sa volunte [=q] gentz de sa retenue portent et
+    usent mesme la Livere de Coler."--_Rolls of Parliament_, vol. iii. p.
+    313.
+
+    "Richard Earl of Arundel, after the commencement of this present
+    parliament, said to the King in the presence of the archbishops of
+    Canterbury and of York, {474} the Duke of Gloucester, the Bishops of
+    Winchester and Salisbury, the Earl of Warwick, and others....
+
+    "Item. That the King uses to wear the livery of the collar of the Duke
+    of Guienne and of Lancaster.
+
+    "Item. That persons of the retinue of the King wear the same livery.
+
+    "To which our lord the King then answered to the said earl....
+
+    "That soon after the coming of his said uncle of Guienne, when he came
+    from Spain last into England, that himself our lord the King took the
+    collar from the neck of the same his uncle and put it on his own neck,
+    and said that he vowed to wear and to use it in sign of good love of
+    whole heart between them also, as he did the liveries of his other
+    uncles.
+
+    "Item (as to the third). Our lord the King said that it was by leave
+    from him, and by his wish, that persons of his retinue wear and use the
+    same livery of the collar."
+
+This practice of one of our early sovereigns seems to afford a precedent
+for the mode in which divers gentlemen and persons of quality voluntarily
+showed civility towards Richard Evelyn, and for that in which several
+gentlemen of birth and estate testified their respect and affection for
+Humphrey Chetham. Nicholas Assheton also appears to have the support of
+this royal precedent in so far as relates to his accepting and wearing the
+livery of a friend and neighbour; and the custom of his day evidently lends
+its sanction to his forming, upon a state occasion, one of the body of
+menial servants in attendance upon Sir Richard Houghton, when he went to
+meet the king.
+
+Another passage in the _Rolls of Parliament_ seems to afford a respectable
+civic precedent for the services performed by Nicholas Assheton and other
+liveried gentlemen, when they waited at the lords' table at Houghton Tower:
+
+    "11^{th} Edward III. A.D. 1337.
+
+    "A [=n]re Seigneur le Roy et a son conseil monstre Richard de Bettoyne
+    de Loundres, qe come au Coronement [=n]re Seigneur le Roy [=q] ore est
+    il adonge Meire de Loundres fesoit l'office de Botiller ove CCC e LX
+    vadletz vestutz d'une sute chescun portant en sa mayn un coupe blanche
+    d'argent come autres Meirs de Loundres ountz faitz as Coronementz des
+    [crossed p]genitours nostre Seigneur le Roy dont memoire ne court pars
+    et le fee q appendoit a cel jorne c'est asavoir un coupe d'or ove la
+    covercle et un ewer d'or enamaille lui fust livere [crossed p] assent
+    du Counte de Lancastre et d'autres Grantz qu'adonges y furent du
+    Conseil nostre Seigneur le Roy [crossed p] la mayn Sire Ro[/b]t de
+    Wodehouse et ore vient en estreite as Viscountes de Londres hors del
+    Chekker de faire lever des Biens et Chateux du dit Richard xx/iiii
+    ix_li._ xiis. vid. pur le fee avant dit dont il prie qe remedie lui
+    soit ordeyne.
+
+    "Et le Meire et Citoyens d'Oxenford ount [crossed p] point de chartre
+    q'ils vendront a Londres l'Encorronement d'eyder le Meire de Loundres
+    pur servir a la fest et toutz jours l'ount usee. Et si i plest a [=n]re
+    Seigneur le Roy et a son Conseil nous payerons volonters la fee issent
+    qe nous soyons descharges de la service."--_Rolls of Parliament_, vol.
+    ii. p. 96.
+
+    "To our lord the King and to his Council sheweth Richard de Bettoyne of
+    London, that whereas at the coronation of our lord the King that now
+    is, he their mayor of London performed the office of butler with three
+    hundred and sixty valets clothed of one suit each, bearing in his hand
+    a white cup of silver, as other mayors of London have done at the
+    coronations of the progenitors of our lord the King, whereof memory
+    runneth not, and the fee which appertained to this day's work, that is
+    to wit, a cup of gold with the cover, and a ewer of gold enamelled,
+    were delivered to him by assent of the Earl of Lancaster, and of the
+    other grandees who then there were of the council of our lord the King,
+    by the hand of Sire Robert de Wodehouse, and now comes in estreat to
+    the viscounts of London out of the Checquer, to cause to take the goods
+    and chattels of the said Richard, eighty-nine pounds twelve shillings
+    and sixpence, for the fee aforesaid, whereof he prays that remedy be
+    ordained to him.
+
+    "And the mayor and citizens of Oxford have, by point of charter, that
+    they shall come to London to the coronation, to help the mayor of
+    London to serve at the feast, and always have so done. And if it please
+    our lord the King and his Council, we will pay willingly the fee,
+    provided that we be discharged of the service."
+
+There can be little doubt that the citizens of Oxford bore their own
+travelling expenses; and it seems probable that the citizens of London and
+Oxford bore the cost of the three hundred and sixty suits of clothes and
+three hundred and sixty silver cups; but this is scarcely sufficient to
+account for their willingness to pay a sum of money equivalent to about
+fifteen hundred pounds in the present day, in order to be relieved from the
+honourable service of waiting clothed in uniform, each with a silver cup in
+his hand, helping the Mayor of London to perform the office of butler at
+coronation feasts. However this may be, it is still somewhat remarkable
+that, in the seventeenth century, Nicholas Assheton of Downham, Esq., and
+other gentlemen of Lancashire, upon a less important occasion than a
+coronation feast, dressed in the livery of Sir Richard Houghton and
+voluntarily attended, day after day, at the lords' table at Houghton Tower,
+and served the lords with biscuit, wine, and Jelly.
+
+J. LEWELYN CURTIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FEMALE PARISH CLERKS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 338.)
+
+The cases of Rex _v._ Stubbs and Olive _v._ Ingram, mentioned in the
+following extracts from Prideaux's _Guide to Churchwardens_, p. 4., may be
+of service:
+
+    "Generally speaking, all persons _inhabitants_ of the parish are liable
+    to serve the office of churchwarden, {475} and from the cases of Rex
+    _v._ Stubbs (2 T. R. 395.; 1 Bott. 10.), in which it was held that a
+    woman is not exempt from serving the office of overseer of the poor,
+    and Olive _v._ Ingram (2 Str. 1114.), in which it was held that she may
+    be a parish sexton, there may, perhaps, be some ground for contending a
+    woman is not exempt from this duty."
+
+RUSSELL GOLE.
+
+A few years ago (she may still be so) there was a gentlewoman the parish
+clerk of some church in London; perhaps some of your readers may be able to
+say where: a deputy officiated, excepting occasionally. But many such
+instances have occurred.
+
+In a note in Prideaux's _Directions to Churchwardens_ (late edition), the
+following references are given as to the power of women to fill parochial
+and other such offices: Rex _v._ Stubbs, 2 T. R. 359.; Olive _v._ Ingram, 2
+Strange, 1114.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+I beg to inform Y. S. M. that when I went to reside near Lincoln in 1828, a
+woman was clerk to the parish of Sudbrooke, and died in that capacity a
+very few years after. I do not remember her name at this moment, but I
+could get all particulars if required on my return to Sudbrooke Holme.
+
+RICH. ELLISON.
+
+Balmoral Hotel, Broadstairs, Kent.
+
+I am able to mention another instance of a woman acting as parish clerk at
+Ickburgh, in the county of Norfolk. It is the parish to Buckenham Hall, the
+seat of the Honourable Francis Baring, near Thetford. A woman there has
+long officiated as parish clerk, and still continues acting in that
+capacity.
+
+F. R.
+
+I beg to refer Y. S. M. to the following passage Madame d'Arblay's _Diary_,
+vol. v. p. 246.:
+
+    "There was at Collumpton only a poor wretched ragged woman, a female
+    clerk, to show us this church: she pays a man for doing the duty, while
+    she receives the salary in right of her deceased husband!"
+
+M. L. G.
+
+At Misterton, near Crewkerne, in Somersetshire, Mary Mounford was clerk for
+more than thirty years. She gave up the office about the year 1832, and is
+now in Beaminster Union, just eighty-nine years old.
+
+HERBERT L. ALLEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., p. 112.)
+
+To the one hundred and ten epithets poetically applied to the nightingale
+and its song, collected by MR. BEDE, permit me to add sixty-five more.
+
+  _Azure-crested._ Cowper.
+  _Bewailing._ Drummond.
+  _Chaunting._ Skelton.
+  _Chaste poet._ Grainger.
+  _Dappled._ Anon.[2]
+  _Darling._ Carey.
+  _Daulian minstrel._ Herrick.
+  _Delightful._ Shelley.
+  _Dusky-brown._ Trench.
+  _Early._ C. Smith.
+  _Elegiac._ Dibdin.
+  _Enamoured._ Shelley.
+  _Fabled._ Byron.
+  _Fair._ Smart.
+  _Greeful._[3] Lodge.
+  _Gurgling._ Lloyd.
+  _Hallow'd._ Moore.
+  _Hundred-throated._ Tennyson.
+  _Invisible._ Hurdis.
+  _Lesbian._ Bromley.
+  _Love-learned._ Thomson.
+  _Love-sick._ Warton.
+  _Loud-complaining._ Gibbons.
+  _Lulling._ Anon.[4]
+  _Lute-tongued._ Anon.[5]
+  _Mellow._ Strangford.
+  _Midnight minstrel._ Logan.
+  _Moody._ Hurdis.
+  _Nightly._ Bidlake.
+  _Pandionian._ Drummond.
+  _Panged._ Hood.
+  _Pitiful._ Herrick.
+  _Plaintful._ Drummond.
+  _Quavering._ Poole.
+  _Querulous._ Kennedy.
+  _Rapturous._ Southey.
+  _Rural._ Dryden.
+  _Sable._[6] Drummond.
+  _Sadly-pleasing._[7] Anon.
+  _Secret._ Shelley.
+  _Sely._ Chaucer.
+  _Sequestered._ J. Montgomery.
+  _Shy._ Dallas.
+  _Silver-tuned._ Carey.
+  _Simple._ Derrick.
+  _Sobbing._ Planch�.
+  _Soft-tuned._ Whaley.
+  _Solitary._ Bowring.
+  _Sorrow-soothing._ Shaw.
+  _Sprightly._ Elton.
+  _Sweet-breasted._ Beaumont and Fletcher.
+  _Sweet-tongued._ Anon.[8]
+  _Sylvan syren._ Pattison.
+  _Tearful._ Potter.
+  _Tenderest._ Wiffen.
+  _Thracian._ Lewis.
+  _Transporting._ Hurdis.
+  _Unadorned._ Hurdis.
+  _Unhappy._ Croxall.
+  _Watchful._ Philips.
+  _Witching._ Proctor.
+  _Woodland._ Smith.
+  _Wretched._ Shirley.
+  _Wronged._ P. Fletcher.
+  _Yearly._ Drayton.
+  _Young._ Lewis.
+
+The character of the mere song alone has been described in the following
+terms:
+
+  _Melodious lay._ Potter.
+  _Lofty song._ Yalden.
+  _A storm of sound._ Shelley.
+  _Impressive lay._ Merry.
+  _Swelling slow._ Kirk White.
+  _Tremulously slow._ C. Smith.
+  _Wild melody._ Shelley.
+  _Thick melodious note._ Lloyd.
+  _Hymn of lore._ Logan.
+  _Melting lay._ Henley.
+  _Harmonious woe._ Pomfret.
+  _Well-tuned warble._ Shakspeare.
+  {476}
+  _Luscious lays._ Warton.
+  _Sadly sweet._ Potter.
+  _Varied strains._ Pope.
+  _Thick-warbled notes._ Milton.
+
+W. PINKERTON.
+
+Ham.
+
+[Footnote 2: Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1838.]
+
+[Footnote 3:
+
+ "I regard the prettie, greeful bard
+  With tearfull, yet delightfull, notes complaine."--_Heliconia._
+
+[Footnote 4: Lays of the Minnesingers.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Weekly Visitor, July, 1835.]
+
+[Footnote 6: "Night's sable birds, which plain when others
+sleep."--_Thaumantia._]
+
+[Footnote 7: Evening Elegy.--_Poetical Calendar._]
+
+[Footnote 8: Harleian Miscellany, vol. viii.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Photographic Exhibition._--We understand that the Photographic Society has
+made arrangements for an exhibition of photographs in the metropolis during
+the months of January and February next. The exhibition will not be
+confined to the works of native photographers, but will comprise specimens
+of the most eminent foreign artists, who have been specially invited to
+contribute. From the advances which have been made in this favourite art,
+even since the recent exhibition in the rooms of the Society of Arts, we
+may confidently anticipate that the display on the present occasion will be
+one of the highest interest.
+
+_How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?_--Can any of your scientific
+correspondents furnish me with an approximation to the quantity of light
+which is transmitted through an ordinary double achromatic lens, say of
+Ross, Voightlander, or any other celebrated maker?
+
+LUX.
+
+_Stereoscopic Articles._--I cannot agree to my opponent's assumed amendment
+(?) (Vol. viii., p. 419.) _space_, for the simple reason that it would be
+virtually abandoning the whole of the points in dispute between us; when
+farther discussion and more mature consideration, only tend to convince me
+more firmly of the correctness of the propositions I have advocated, viz.:
+
+1st. That circumstances _may_ and _do_ arise in which a better result is
+obtained in producing stereographs, when the chord of the angle of
+generation is more or less than 2� inches.
+
+2nd. That the positions of the camera should _not_ be parallel but radial.
+
+I certainly thought that I had, as I intended, expressed the fact that I
+treat the cameras _precisely as two eyes_, and moreover I still contend
+that they should be so treated; my object being to present to each eye
+_exactly such a picture and in such a direction as would be presented under
+certain circumstances_. The plane of delineation being a flat, instead of a
+curved surface, has nothing whatever to do with this point, because the
+curves of the retinas are not portions of one curve having a common centre,
+but each having its own centre in the axis of the pupil. That a plane
+surface for receiving the image is not so good as a spherical one would be,
+is not disputed; but this observation applies to photographs _universally_,
+and is only put up with as the lesser of two evils. A plane surface
+necessarily contracts the field of view to such a space as could be cut out
+of the periphery of a hollow sphere, the versed sine of which bears but a
+small ratio to its chord.
+
+There is another misunderstanding into which my opponent has fallen, viz.
+the part of the object to be delineated, which should form the centre of
+radiation, is not the most contiguous visible point, but the most remote
+principal point of observation. I perceive that this is the case from two
+illustrations he was kind enough to forward me, being stereographs of a
+[T-square] square, placed with the points of junction towards the observer,
+and the tail receding from him; and in one case the angle of the square is
+made the centre of radiation, and while its distance from the camera is
+only six feet, the points of delineation are no less than three feet apart.
+
+To push an argument to the extreme to test its value, is quite right; but
+this goes far beyond the extreme, if I may be allowed such a very Hibernian
+expression.
+
+No object, however minute, can be clearly seen if brought nearer to the
+eyes than a certain point, because it will be what is technically called
+out of focus. It is true that this point differs in different individuals,
+but the _average distance_ of healthy vision is 10 inches. Now, adopting
+MR. MERRITT'S own standard of 2� inches between the eyes, it is clear that
+supposing the central point had been rightly selected, the distance between
+the cameras was _only double_ what might have been taken an extreme
+distance. It is scarcely necessary to suggest what a person devoid of taste
+(in which category I am no doubt included) might do in producing
+monstrosities by adopting the radial method, as such an one is not very
+likely to produce good results at all.
+
+I now address myself to another accusation. It is quite true that I am
+unacquainted with the _scholastic dogmas_ of perspective, but equally true
+that I am familiar with _the facts_ thereof, as any one must be who has
+studied optical and geometrical science generally; and while I concur in
+the propositions as enunciated for a one-eyed picture, I by no means agree
+to the assumption that the "vanishing points," in the two stereographs
+taken radially with the necessary precautions, "would be so far apart, that
+they could not in the stereoscope flow into one;" on the contrary, direct
+experiment shows me, what reason also suggests, that they do flow into one
+as _completely as in nature when viewed by both eyes_.
+
+I put the proposition thus, because I do not hesitate to avow that in
+nature, as interpreted by binocular vision, these points do not
+_absolutely_, but only approximately, flow _into one_; otherwise one eye
+would be as effective as two.
+
+I have not the smallest objection to my views being considered "false to
+art," as, alas! her fidelity to nature is by no means beyond suspicion.
+{477}
+
+Lastly, as to the model-like appearance of stereographs taken at a large
+angle, for the fact I need only refer the objector to most of the beautiful
+foreign views now so abundant in our opticians' shops: for the reason, is
+it not palpable that increasing the width of the eyes is analogous to
+decreasing the size of the object? and if naturally we cannot "perceive at
+one view three sides of a cake, two heads of a drum, nor any other like
+absurdity," it is only because we do not use objects sufficiently _small_
+to permit us to do so. Even while I am writing this, I have before me a
+small rectangular inkholder about 1� inches square, and distant from my
+eyes about one foot, in which the very absurd phenomenon complained of does
+exist, the front, top, and _both_ sides being perfectly visible at once:
+and being one of those obstinate fellows who will persist in judging
+personally from experience if possible, I fear I shall be found
+incorrigible on the points on which your correspondent has so kindly
+endeavoured to enlighten me.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_To introduce Clouds_ (Vol. viii., p. 451.) as desired by your
+correspondent [Greek: S]., the negative must be treated in the sky by
+solution of cyanide of potassium laid on in the form desired with a camel's
+hair pencil. This discharges a portion of the reduced silver, and allows
+the light to penetrate; but great care is required to stop the action by
+well washing in water before the process has gone too far. White clouds are
+produced by painting them in with a black pigment mixed in size.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Death of Edward II._ (Vol. viii., p. 387.).--P. C. S. S. has noticed with
+considerable surprise the very strange assertion of MR. C. M. INGLEBY with
+reference to the murder of Edward II. at Berkeley Castle, viz. that "Echard
+and Rapin are silent, both as to the event and the locality." If MR.
+INGLEBY will again refer to Echard (vol. i. p. 341., edit. 1718) and to
+Rapin (vol. iii. p. 147., edit. 1749), he will perceive that the two
+historians record "both the event and the locality."
+
+MR. INGLEBY did not perhaps consider that the transaction in question took
+place during the reign of Edward III.; and is, therefore, not to be sought
+for at the close of that of Edward _II._ (where probably MR. C. M. INGLEBY
+looked for it), but among the occurrences in the time of Edward _III._ MR.
+C. M. INGLEBY will assuredly find it there, not only in Echard and Rapin,
+but in every other History of England since the date of the "event."
+
+P. C. S. S.
+
+_Luther no Iconoclast_ (Vol. viii., p. 335.).--An occasional contributor
+wishes the Editor to note down this Query. What could have led your
+correspondent J. G. FITCH to use so peculiarly inappropriate a synonym for
+Martin Luther as "the great Iconoclast?" Has he any historical evidence for
+Luther's breaking a single image?
+
+It is not to defend Luther, but to point out a defect in his teaching, as
+it is regarded by the adherents of other Protestant churches, that Dr.
+Maclaine has said, in his note on Book IV. ch. i. � 18. of Mosheim:
+
+    "It is evident, from several passages in the writings of Luther, that
+    he was by no means averse to the use of images, but that, on the
+    contrary, he looked upon them as adapted to excite and animate the
+    devotion of the people."
+
+Mosheim, and Merle D'Aubign�, and probably any other historian of the
+Reformation in Germany, may be cited as witnesses for the notorious fact,
+that Carlstadt excited the citizens of Wittemberg to break the images in
+their churches when Luther was concealed in the Castle of Wartburg, and
+that he rebuked and checked these proceedings on his return. See Mosheim,
+as cited before, or D'Aubign�, book IX. ch. vii. and viii.
+
+H. W.
+
+_Rev. Urban Vigors_ (Vol. viii., p. 340.).--My great-great-grandmother was
+a sister of Bishop Vigors, who was consecrated to the see of Leighlin and
+Ferns, March 8, 1690. He, I know, was a near relative of the Rev. Urban
+Vigors. An Urban Vigors of Ballycormack, co. Wexford, also married my
+great-great-aunt, a Miss Thomas, sister of Vigors Thomas, Esq., of
+Limerick. I should, equally with your correspondent Y. S. M., wish to know
+any particulars of the "Vigors" family; and should be delighted to enter
+into correspondence with him.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+_Portrait of Baretti_ (Vol. VIII., p. 411.).--In reply to MR. G. R.
+CORNER'S Query regarding Sir Joshua Reynolds' picture of Baretti, I can
+give him the information he requires.
+
+This very interesting portrait is now at my brother's, Holland House,
+Kensington.
+
+My late father, Lord Holland, had a pretty picture of the late Lord
+Hertford's mother (I believe), or some near relation of his. Not being
+connected with that family, my father offered it to Lord Hertford, leaving
+it to his lordship to give him such picture as he might choose in exchange.
+Some time afterwards this portrait of Baretti was sent, and was much prized
+and admired. It represents Baretti reading a small book, which he holds
+close to his face with both hands; he is in a white coat, and the whole
+carries with it a certainty of resemblance. This occurred about twenty-five
+years ago. Perhaps it may interest your readers to learn that our
+distinguished {478} painter, Watts, painted for my brother, Lord Holland, a
+portrait of another distinguished Italian, Mr. Panizzi, and pendant to the
+former. He is represented leaning forward and writing, and the likeness is
+very striking.
+
+C. FOX.
+
+Addison Road.
+
+_Passage in Sophocles._--In Vol. viii., p. 73., appears an article by MR.
+BUCKTON, in which he quotes the following conclusion of a passage in
+Sophocles:
+
+             "[Greek: Hot�i phrenas]
+  [Greek: Theos agei pros atan;]
+  [Greek: Prassein d' oligoston chronon ektos atas.]"
+
+This, [Greek: petr�i stathm�n harmoz�n], he translates,--
+
+    "Whose mind the God leads to destruction; _but that he_ (_the God_)
+    practises this a short time without destroying such an one."
+
+But for the Italics it might have been an oversight: they would seem to
+imply he has some authority for his translation. I have no edition of
+Sophocles by me to discover, but surely no critical scholar can acquiesce
+in it. The only _active_ sense of [Greek: prassein] I remember at the
+moment is _to exact_. It surely should be translated, "_And he, whom the
+God so leads to_ [Greek: at�], _fares_ a _very_ short time without it." The
+best translation of [Greek: at�] is, perhaps, _infatuation_. Moreover, how
+is the above translation reconciled with the very superlative [Greek:
+oligoston]?
+
+M.
+
+_Brothers of the same Name_ (Vol. viii., p. 338.).--It is not unusual in
+old pedigrees to find two brothers or two sisters with the same Christian
+name; but it is unusual to find more than two living at the same time with
+only one Christian name between them: this, however, occurs in the family
+of Gawdy of Gawdy Hall, Norfolk. Thos. Gawdy married three wives, and by
+each had a son Thomas. The eldest was a serjeant-at-law, and died in 1556.
+The second was a judge of the Queen's Bench, and died in November, 1587 or
+1588. The third is known as Sir Francis Gawdy, Chief Justice of the Common
+Pleas; but he also was baptized by the name of Thomas. Lord Coke, who
+succeeded him as Chief Justice, says (Co. Lit. 3. a.):
+
+    "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after at his
+    confirmation by the bishop he is named John, he may purchase by his
+    name of confirmation; and this was the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, late
+    C. J. of C. B., whose name of baptism was Thomas, and his name of
+    confirmation Francis; and that name of Francis, by the advice of all
+    the judges in anno 36 Henry VIII. (1544-5), he did bear and after used
+    in all his purchases and grants."
+
+The opportunity afforded by the Roman Catholic Church of thus changing the
+baptismal name may help to account for this practice, which probably arose
+from a desire to continue the particular name in the family. If one of two
+sons with the same name of baptism died in childhood, the other continued
+the name: if both lived, one of them might change his name at confirmation.
+There is no name given at confirmation according to the form of the Church
+of England.
+
+F. B.
+
+_High Dutch and Low Dutch_ (Vol. viii., p. 413.).--Considerable
+misapprehension appears to have arisen with regard to these expressions,
+from the fact of the German word _Deutsch_ being sometimes erroneously
+understood to mean Dutch. But German scholars very well know that in
+Germany nothing is more common than to speak of _Hoch Deutsch_ and _Nieder
+Deutsch_ (High German and Low German), as applied respectively to that
+language when grammatically spoken and correctly pronounced, and to the bad
+grammar and worse pronunciation indulged in by many of the provincials, and
+also by the lower class of people in some of the towns where High German is
+supposed to prevail. Thus, for examples Dresden is regarded as the
+head-quarters of _Hoch Deutsch_, because there the language is spoken and
+pronounced with the most purity: Berlin, also, as regards the well-educated
+classes, boasts of the _Hoch Deutsch_; but the common people (das Volk) of
+the Prussian capital indulge in a dialect called _Nieder Deutsch_, and
+speak and pronounce the language as though they were natives of some remote
+province. Now, the instance of Berlin I take to be a striking illustration
+of the meaning of these expressions, as both examples are comprised in the
+case of this city.
+
+The German word for "German" is _Deutsch_; for "Dutch" the German is
+_Holl�ndisch_; and I presume it is from the similarity of _Deutsch_ and
+_Dutch_ that this common error is so frequently committed. For the future
+let it be remembered, that _Dutch_ is a term which has no relation whatever
+to German; and that "High German" is that language spoken and written in
+its purity, "Low German" all the dialects and mispronunciations which do
+not come up to the standard of correctness.
+
+JAMES SPENCE HARRY.
+
+8. Arthur Street.
+
+_Translations of the Prayer Book into French_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.; Vol.
+viii., p. 343.).--Besides the editions already mentioned, a 4to. one was
+published at London in 1689, printed by R. Everingham, and sold by R.
+Bentley and M. Magnes. Prefixed to it is the placet of the king, dated 6th
+October, 1662, with the subsequent approbation of Stradling, chaplain to
+Gilbert (Sheldon), Bishop of London, dated 6th April, 1663.
+
+It seems ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 92.) that a {479} copy is in the British
+Museum; one is also in my possession.
+
+I presume that there were other editions between the years 1663 and 1689.
+
+H. P.
+
+_Divining-rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--For a full account of the divining
+rod see _La Physique occulte, ou Trait� de la Baguette Divinatoire, &c._,
+par P�re L. de Vallemont, a work by no means uncommon, having passed
+through several editions. Mine is "� Paris, chez Jean Boudot, avec priv.
+1709, in 12^o. avec figures," with the addition of a "Trait� de la
+Connoissance des Causes Magn�tiques, &c., par un Curieux."
+
+A Cornish lady informs me that the Cornish miners to this day use the
+divining-rod in the way represented in fig. 1. of the above-mentioned work.
+
+R. J. R.
+
+In the 351st number of the _Monthly Magazine_, dated March 1st, 1821, there
+is a letter to the editor from W. Partridge, dated Boxbridge, Gloucester,
+giving several instances of his having successfully used the divining-rod
+for the purpose of discovering water. He says the gift is not possessed by
+more than one in two thousand, and attributes the power to electricity.
+Those persons in whose hands it will work must possess a redundancy of that
+fluid. He also states that metals are discovered by the same means.
+
+K. B.
+
+_Slow-worm Superstition_ (Vol. vii., p. 33.).--The belief that the
+slow-worm cannot die until sunset prevails in Dorsetshire. In the New
+Forest the same superstition exists with regard to the brown adder. Walking
+in the heathy country between Beaulieu and Christ Church I saw a very large
+snake of this kind, recently beaten to death by the peasant boys, and on
+remarking that the lower jaw continued to move convulsively, I was told it
+would do so "till the moon was up."
+
+An aged woman, now deceased, who had when young been severely bitten by a
+snake, told me she always felt a severe pain and swelling near where the
+wound had been, on the anniversary of the occurrence. Is this common? and
+can it be accounted for?
+
+W. E.
+
+Pimperne, Dorset.
+
+_Ravailliac_ (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--The destruction of the pyramid erected
+at Paris upon the murder of Henry IV., is mentioned by Thuanus, _Hist._,
+lib. 134. cap. 9. In your correspondent's Query, _Thesaur._ is, I presume,
+misprinted for Thuan.
+
+B. J.
+
+_Lines on the Institution of the Garter_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A. B. R.
+says, "as also from the proverbial expression used in Scotland, and to be
+found in Scott's _Works_, of 'casting a leggin girth,' as synonymous with a
+female 'faux pas.'" I may mention to your correspondent (if he is not
+already aware) that the expression is taken from Allan Ramsay's
+continuation of _Christ's Kirk on the Green_ (edit. Leith, 1814, 1 vol. p.
+101.):
+
+ "Or bairns can read, they first maun spell,
+    I learn'd this frae my mammy;
+  And _coost a legen girth_ mysell,
+    Lang or I married Tammie."
+
+and is explained by the author in a note, "Like a tub that loses one of its
+bottom hoops." In the west of Scotland the phrase is now restricted to a
+young woman who has had an illegitimate child, or what is more commonly
+termed "a misfortune," and it is probable never had another meaning.
+_Legen_ or _leggen_ is not understood to have any affinity in its etymology
+to the word _leg_, but is _laggen_, that part of the staves which projects
+from the bottom of the barrel, or of the child's _luggie_, out of which he
+sups his oatmeal _parritch_; and the _girth_, _gird_, or hoop, that by
+which the vessel at this particular place is firmest bound together. Burns
+makes a fine and emphatic use of the word _laggen_ in the "Birthday
+Address," in speaking of the "Royal lasses dainty" (_Cunninghame_, edit.
+1826, vol. ii. p. 329.):
+
+ "God bless you a', consider now,
+    Ye're unco muckle dantet:
+  But ere the course o' life be thro'
+    It may be bitter santet.
+  An I hae seen their coggie fou,
+    That yet hae tarrow't at it;
+  But or the day was done, I trow,
+    The _laggen_ they hae clautet."
+
+which means, that at last, whether through pride, hunger, or long fasting,
+the appetite had become so keen, that all, even to the last particle of the
+_parritch_, was _clautet_, _scartit_, or scraped from the bottom of the
+_coggie_, and to its inmost recesses surrounded by the _laggen girth_. Of
+the motto of the garter, "Honi soit qui mal y pense," I have heard a
+burlesque translation known but to few, in "_Honeys sweet quo' Mally
+Spence_," synonymous with Proverbs, chap. ix. verse 17: "Stolen waters are
+sweet, and bread _eaten_ in secret is pleasant."
+
+G. N.
+
+_Passage in Bacon_ (Vol. viii., p. 303.).--I had, partly from inadvertence,
+and partly from a belief that a tautology would be created by a recurrence
+to the idea of death, after the words "mortis terrore carentem," in the
+preceding line, understood the verse in question to mean, "which regards
+length of life as the last of Nature's gifts." On reconsideration, however,
+I do not doubt that the received interpretation, which makes _spatium
+extremum_ equivalent to _finem_, is the correct one.
+
+L.
+
+_What Day is it at our Antipodes?_ (Vol. viii., p. 102.).--A person sailing
+to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by sailing thither
+eastward he will gain twelve hours. If {480} both meet at the same hour,
+say eleven o'clock, the one will reckon 11 A.M., the other 11 P.M.
+
+ESTE.
+
+_Calves' Head Club_ (Vol. viii., p. 315.).--In Hone's _Every Day Book_,
+vol. ii. pp. 158, 159, 160., some more information is given on the
+interesting event referred to in the Note made by MR. E. G. BALLARD. A
+print is given of the scene; and the obnoxious toasts are also quoted; they
+are: "The pious memory of Oliver Cromwell;" "Damn--n to the race of the
+Stuarts;" "The glorious year 1648;" "The man in the mask," &c. The print is
+dated 1734, which proves that the meeting at which the disturbance arose
+was not the first which had taken place.
+
+S. A. S.
+
+Bridgewater.
+
+_Heraldic Query_ (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--Although A. was killed in open
+rebellion, I think his armorial bearings were not forfeited unless he was
+subsequently attainted by act of parliament; and even in that case it is
+possible that the act contained a provision that the penalty should not
+extend to the prejudice of any other person than the offender. Assuming
+that A. was not attainted, or that the consequences of his attainder were
+thus restricted to himself, or that his attainder has been reversed, it is
+clear that his lawful posterity are still entitled to his arms,
+notwithstanding the acceptance by his grandson C. of a new grant, which
+obviously could no more affect the title to the ancient arms than the
+creation of a modern barony can destroy the right of its recipient to an
+older one. The descendants of C. being thus entitled to both coats, could,
+I imagine, without difficulty obtain a recognition of their right; and I
+think they might either use the ancient arms alone, or the ancient and the
+modern arms quarterly, precedence being given to the former. The proper
+course would be to seek the licence of the crown for the resumption of the
+ancient surname, as well as of the arms. Such permission would, I
+apprehend, be now conceded, even though it should appear that the arms were
+really forfeited.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_The Temple Lands in Scotland_ (Vol. viii., p. 317.).--These lands, or a
+portion of them, were acquired, and afterwards transferred by sale, to Mr.
+Gracie, by James Maidment, Esq., the eminent Scottish antiquary, who, in
+1828-29, privately printed--
+
+    "Templaria: Papers Relative to the History, Privileges, and Possessions
+    of the Scottish Knights Templars, and their Successors, the Knights of
+    St. John of Jerusalem, with Notes," &c.
+
+This will no doubt contain all that your correspondent ABREDONENSIS could
+desire upon the subject, provided he can obtain it; for the work,
+professing to be printed by the author for presents, is confined to
+twenty-five copies, and must therefore be rare. In 1831 was published by
+Stevenson, Edinburgh, an _Historical Account of Linlithgowshire_, by the
+late John Penney.[9] This is edited by Mr. Maidment, and contains a chapter
+entitled an "Account of the Transmission of the United Estates of the
+Templars and Hospitallers, after the dissolution of the Order in the reign
+of Queen Mary;" and although the object of the editor is to notice the
+charters connected with Linlithgowshire, the book contains a sketch of the
+general history of the lands in question, abridged from the _Templaria_.
+
+J. O.
+
+[Footnote 9: Query the late George Chalmers.]
+
+_Sir John Vanbrugh_ (Vol. viii., p. 65. &c.).--In _An Account of the Life
+and Death of Mr. Matthew Henry_, published in the year 1716, his biographer
+having related that he was chosen a minister of a congregation of
+Dissenters in the city of Chester, and that he went there to reside on the
+first day of June, 1687, goes on to state (p. 75.):
+
+    "That city was then very happy in several worthy gentlemen that had
+    habitations there; they were not altogether strangers to Mr. Henry
+    before he came to live among them, but now they came to be his very
+    intimate acquaintance; some of these, as Alderman Mainwaring and Mr.
+    Vanbrugh, father to Sir John Vanbrugh, were in communion with the
+    Church of England, but they heard Mr. Henry on the week-day lectures,
+    and always treated him with great and serious respect."
+
+This evidence serves to show that a Mr. Vanbrugh, who was living in Chester
+in 1687, was the father of Sir John Vanbrugh. I have been told that in
+former times there was a sugar-bakery at Chester. Did the father of Sir
+John Vanbrugh carry on that business at Chester during any period of his
+residence there?
+
+N. W. S.
+
+_Sir Arthur Aston_ (Vol. viii., p. 126.).--In reference to the Query of
+your correspondent CHARTHAM, I take leave to refer him to Playfair's
+_Baronetage_, vol. ii. p. 257., where a pedigree of that ancient family is
+inserted. In p. 261. is a note, by which it appears that the said Sir
+Arthur Aston had a daughter Elizabeth, born in Russia, and married to James
+Thompson of Joyce Grove in Berkshire.
+
+In addition thereto, I recollect seeing the copy of a deed of sale, dated
+April, 1637, by which it appears that Nicholas Hercy, of Nettlebed, in co.
+Oxon., sold to James Thompson of Wallingford, in co. Berkshire, "Joys
+Grove," in Nettlebed aforesaid; and there is united with the same James
+Thompson, apparently as a trustee, "George Tattersall the younger, of
+Finchampstead in said co. of Berkshire."
+
+{481}
+
+I also take leave to refer your correspondent to Lysons's _Environs of
+London_, vol. ii. p. 393., under head of "Fulham," where it is stated that
+Sir Arthur Aston's father resided in that parish.
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+_Nugget_ (Vol. viii., p. 357.).--Colonel Mundy, in _Our Antipodes_, says
+that the word _nugget_ was, before the days of gold digging, used by the
+farmers of Australia to express a small thick bullock, such as our English
+farmers would call a lumpy one, or a little great one.
+
+A. H. WHITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. 1st Edition.
+
+COTTON'S FASTI ECCLESI� HIBERNI�. Parts III., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+TORRIANO PIAZZA UNIVERSALE DI PROVERBI ITALIANI. London, 1668. Folio.
+
+BIBLIOTHECA TOPOGRAPHICA BRITANNICA. Vol. IX.
+
+ENCYCLOP�DIA BRITANNICA. 7th Edition. Vol. XXII., Part 2.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+WELLINGTON DISPATCHES. 13 Vols. Vols. II., III., and Index. (The full price
+will be given.)
+
+SOUTHEY'S DOCTOR. Vols. III. and IV.
+
+PATRICK'S MENSA MYSTICA.
+
+STRICKLAND'S QUEENS OF ENGLAND. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., and
+X.
+
+  Wanted by _A. Holden_, Bookseller, Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TWO DIALOGUES IN THE ELYSIAN FIELDS, BETWEEN CARD. WOLSEY AND CARD.
+XIMENES. To which are added Historical Accounts of Wolsey's two Colleges
+and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove. London, 1761. 8vo.
+
+  Wanted by _W. S. Fitch_, Ipswich.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADDISON'S WORKS. First Edition.
+
+JONES' (OF NAYLAND) WORKS. 13 Vols. 8vo.
+
+WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPT. Vols. IV. and V.
+
+BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. 3 Vols. 8vo.
+
+  Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+KANT'S LOGIC, translated by John Richardson.
+
+HISTORIC CERTAINTIES by Aristarchus Newlight.
+
+SONGS--"The Boatmen shout." Attwood. "Ah! godan lor felicita" (Faust).
+Spohr.
+
+  Wanted by _C. Mansfield Ingleby_, Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHAPMAN'S ARCHITECTURI� NAVALES MERCATURI�. 1768. Folio. Published in
+Sweden.
+
+  Wanted by _Robert Stewart_, Bookseller, Paisley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SPECTATOR, printed by Alex. Lawrie & Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II.,
+III., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+  Wanted by _J. T. Cheetham_, Firwood, Chadderton, near Oldham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We beg to call the special attention of such of our readers as are
+Autograph Collectors to the advertisement which appears in the present
+Number, descriptive of certain family and historical papers, which have
+been missed within the last twelve months from the proper custody, and
+shall only be too glad to hear that by so doing we have at all contributed
+to their recovery._
+
+BOOKS WANTED. _So many of our Correspondents seem disposed to avail
+themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers in direct communication
+with them, that we find ourselves compelled to limit each list of books to
+two insertions. We would also express a hope that those gentlemen who may
+at once succeed in obtaining any desired volumes will be good enough to
+notify the same to us, in order that such books may not unnecessarily
+appear in such list even a second time._
+
+ST. JOHN'S, _who asks about the_ Stafford Knot, _will see by our last
+Number, p._ 454., _that it is the badge or cognizance of the Earls of
+Stafford._
+
+MR. VAN LAUN'S _Query as to the derivation of_ Huguenot _is anticipated in
+our_ 6th Vol., p. 317. _Will the Note there given help him to a
+satisfactory solution?_
+
+THE TESTAMENT OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS, 1686.--_The loan of this volume is
+offered by_ T. D. _to the Correspondent who advertised for it some time
+since in our columns._
+
+AMICUS VERITATIS, _who inquires respecting_ Cleanliness is next to
+Godliness, _is referred to our_ 4th Vol., p. 491., _for its probable
+origin._
+
+E. G. BALLARD. _The curious tenure of being the King's_ Vautrarius, _kindly
+forwarded by this Correspondent, is already printed in Blount's_ Fragmenta
+Antiquitates, p. 142., _ed._ 1784.
+
+C. E. F. _We would strongly recommend our Correspondent to adopt the paper
+process described by_ DR. DIAMOND _in our first Number for the present year
+(with correction of using the gallic acid, which, as stated in a subsequent
+Number, was by accident omitted). Recent experience has more than ever
+convinced us that if the method there laid down be_ strictly _followed, the
+photographer will not meet with failures._
+
+AN AMATEUR (Helston). MR. LYTE _is at present abroad, or we are sure he
+would readily answer the Query of our Correspondent, as to whether the
+chloride of barium recommended by him at p. 252., and the nitrate of lead
+at p. 373., are to be the crystallised or liquid preparations._
+
+AN AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHER (Manchester). _If you will transmit us a specimen
+of the failures which you mention, especially of the waved appearance, we
+will do the best to answer your Queries: it is impossible otherwise
+satisfactorily to do so._
+
+M. A. _Always use your hyposulphite of soda_ saturated; _it does not reduce
+the tone of pictures near so much as when it is used dilute._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and
+the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS. F.S.A.
+
+  Volume Three, 1272-1377.
+  Volume Four, 1377-1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s. cloth,
+
+  Volume One, 1066-1199.
+  Volume Two, 1199-1272.
+
+    "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
+    take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent.
+    Mag._
+
+London: LONGMAN & CO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2s. 6d.
+
+THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
+Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.
+
+    "As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty
+    had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his
+    camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be
+    deeply interesting."--_Notes and Queries._
+
+    "It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound
+    principles, and popular style."--_Churchman's Magazine._
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SUPPLEMENT TO DR. OLIVER'S MONASTICON DIOECESIS EXONIENSIS.
+
+In the Press, and will be published, in 1 vol. folio, price 10s. 6d.
+
+A SUPPLEMENT TO THE MONASTICON DIOECESIS EXONIENSIS. Being a Collection of
+Records and Instruments further illustrating the Ancient Conventual,
+Collegiate, and Eleemosynary Foundations in the Counties of Devon and
+Cornwall. By GEORGE OLIVER, D.D. To correspond exactly in size, paper, and
+type with the original work, and to contain a large folding Map of the
+Diocese of Exeter at the time of the Dissolution of Monasteries. When
+published, the price will be raised.
+
+Subscribers' Names received by A. HOLDEN, Bookseller, Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{482}
+
+XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally
+acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal
+scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no
+preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where
+a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in
+separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to
+any Climate. Full instructions for use.
+
+CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD
+W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of
+purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label
+bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL
+MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of
+all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through
+MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95.
+Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Fr�res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
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+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
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+HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties--the BORDERED
+QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual
+form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain
+Quilt is smaller, and useful as an extra covering on the bed, or as a
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+with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and
+Sizes sent free by Post, on application to
+
+  HEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory,
+  196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LEEDS LIBRARY.
+
+LIBRARIAN.--Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent to
+undertake the duty of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution
+consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is
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+daily, with an interval of two hours. Salary 120l. a year. Applications,
+with Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not
+later then 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9. Park
+Row, Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following articles--1.
+Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Pariah Girl, a Poem: by the Rev.
+John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgecumbes of the Olden Time, by Mrs.
+Bray, Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer's Pantropheon. 5. Notes on
+Medi�val Art France and Germany, by J. G. Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg,
+Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the White Horse of Saxony and
+Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq., Garter. 7. The Campaigns of
+1793-95 in Flanders and Holland. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:
+Counsels' Fees and Lawyers' Bills; Shops in Westminster Hall; The Family of
+Phipps; Mr. John Knill of St Ive's; Antiquity of the Mysterious Word
+"Wheedle." With Notes of the Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews;
+Reports of the Arch�ological Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
+Wiltshire, Somersetshire, Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and
+OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord Anderson, Right Hon. Sir
+Frederick Adam, Adm. Sir Charles Adam, James Dodsley Cuff, Esq., Mr.
+Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Will be ready in November,
+
+TURNER AND GIRTIN'S PICTURESQUE VIEWS SIXTY YEARS SINCE. Edited by THOMAS
+MILLER, ESQ., Author of "Rural Sketches," &c. With Thirty Engravings of the
+Olden Time, from Drawings by J. M. W. TURNER and T. GIRTIN, Portraits, &c.
+Handsomely bound, price One Guinea.
+
+HOGARTH, Haymarket, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Fourth Edition of RUINS OF MANY LANDS. NOTICE.--A Fourth and Cheaper
+Edition, Revised and considerably Enlarged, of MR. MICHELL'S "RUINS OF MANY
+LANDS," with Portrait, cloth, price 4s. 6d.
+
+This Edition contains Remarks on Layard's latest Discoveries at Nineveh,
+and treats of nearly all the Ruins of Interest now in the world.
+
+  London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
+  85. Queen Street, Cheapside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK COLLECTORS.--Just published. T. MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of 10,000
+VOLUMES of SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Catalogues Gratis, and Post Free. N.B.
+Libraries purchased or exchanged. A discount of 2d. in the 1s. allowed on
+all new books. Ency. Britt., 7th edit., by Napier, 18 gs.; another, 6th
+edit., calf, 12 gs.; Ency. Met., last edit., hf. clf., 18 gs.; Penny
+Cyclo., 29 vols., hf. clf. 7 gs.; Illustrated London News, to end of 1852,
+cloth, 12 gs.; Stafford Gallery Collection of Pictures, 2 vols. fol., mor.
+elegant, 5 gs.; Rose's Biographical Dictionary, 12 vols. 8vo. cloth, new,
+4l. 8s., &c.--70. Newgate Street, City, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TWELFTH PUBLIC DRAWING.--The Fifteenth Purchase of Land having just been
+made for the CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY, consisting of a Mansion and Part of
+Seventy-four Acres at St. Margaret's on the Banks of the Thames, opposite
+Richmond Gardens, close to Three Stations on the South-Western Railroad, it
+has been resolved that the TWELFTH PUBLIC DRAWING shall take place at
+Freemason's Hall, at 8 o'clock in the evening, on Thursday, November the
+17th, Viscount Ranelagh in the Chair. On this occasion, 131 Shares will be
+added to the Order of Rights for priority of Selection on the Society
+Estates, namely, 87 by drawing, and 44 by seniority of date of Membership.
+All Shares taken prior to the final numbers being placed in the wheel, will
+be included in this drawing.
+
+  CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEISEN,
+                  Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{483}
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
+liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia
+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+    "Bonn, July 19. 1852.
+
+    "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,
+    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of
+    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys
+    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp
+    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       �   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society.
+
+52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
+
+_Subscribed capital, ONE MILLION._
+
+THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:
+
+The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.
+
+Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.
+
+Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.
+
+Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.
+
+In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided
+amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum
+assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.
+
+No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on
+Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.
+
+POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud.
+
+At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
+nearly Two PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of
+from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_.
+
+POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid.
+
+Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.
+
+The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'clock. Assurances may be effected by
+applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of
+the Society. where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be
+obtained.
+
+CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages
+offered by this Society are Security, Economy, and lower Rates of Premium
+than most other Offices.
+
+No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable.
+
+Loans granted to Policy-holders.
+
+For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as
+20l., at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.
+
+Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to
+
+HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
+this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with
+perfect Security.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+              PETER MORRISON,
+                  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of
+
+PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites. Gratis on
+application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{484}
+
+ARNOLD'S SECOND HEBREW BOOK.
+
+In 12mo., price 9s.
+
+THE SECOND HEBREW BOOK: containing the BOOK of GENESIS, with Syntax,
+Vocabulary, and Grammatical Commentary. By the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD,
+M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge;
+and the REV. H. BROWNE, M.A. Canon of Chichester.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place;
+
+Of whom may be had,
+
+THE FIRST HEBREW BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." 7s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. By A. P. HARRISON.
+
+The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy, &c., may be
+had of the Author and Designer, No. 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square,
+at the prices set against the respective works. Copies will be forwarded,
+Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order for the amount.
+
+I. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the
+Nobility. Price, in colours, 1l. 10s. 6d. Emblazoned in gold, 2l. 2s.
+
+II. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the Knights
+Companions at the Siege of Karlaverock, A.D. 1300. Price, in colours, 15s.
+6d. Emblazoned in gold, 21s.
+
+III. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, A.D. 1377. Price,
+in colours, 4l. 14s. 6d. Emblazoned in gold, 6l. 6s.
+
+IV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their Installation
+Plates at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, &c. Price, in colours, 15l.
+15s. Emblazoned in gold, 21l.
+
+V. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.
+
+VI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms, &c.
+Price coloured, 21s. Emblazoned in gold, 1l. 11s. 6d.
+
+VII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots and
+of King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2s. 6d. each. On vellum paper, 1s.
+6d. each.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &c. By A. P.
+HARRISON, Author of "Treatise on the Formation of the English
+Constitution," &c. 8vo. Price 3s. 6d.
+
+A. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Price 1�d.
+
+CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL. No. 515. Saturday, Nov. 12, 1853.
+
+          CONTENTS:
+
+  The Sea-side Resorts of the Londoners.
+  A few Jottings about Maps.
+  Trouble-the-House: A Legend of Livonia.
+  Present Aspects of Life Assurance.
+  Poetry of Trees.
+  Alligators of the Valley of the Amazon.
+  Miscellanea.
+
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Court Passage, Fleet Street, London; and 339.
+High Street, Edinburgh. And sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO AUTOGRAPH AND MANUSCRIPT COLLECTORS AND OTHERS.
+
+The following Documents and Letters are Missing within the last Twelve
+Months:--
+
+Letters from Mathew Hutton to the Duke of Somerset, describing the Three
+Daughters of Lord Winchelsea, enigmatically, as Three Books. Dated August,
+1725.
+
+Letters from Beau Nash as to Ladies C. and H. Finch. Dated August and
+September, 1725.
+
+Letter from W. Edwards to Mathew Hutton. Dated Burly, December 11th, 1725.
+
+Letters containing A Proposal of Marriage from the Duke of Somerset to Lady
+C. Finch. Dated 1725.
+
+Letter from the Duke of Somerset to the Earl of Winchelsea on the same
+subject.
+
+Letters between Lord Granville and the Duke of Somerset, as to Titles on
+the Death of the Duke's Grandson. Dated November and December, 1744.
+
+Autograph Notes from George III. to Charles, Earl of Egremont, on Public
+Business. Dated 1762 and 1763.
+
+Letter of Lord Lyttleton to the Earl of Egremont, inclosing Complimentary
+Verses to Lady Egremont. Dated January 1st, 1761.
+
+A Particular of the Duchess of Somerset's Debts. Dated October 7th, 1697.
+
+Holograph Letter from Charles II. to the Countess of Northumberland,
+proposing the Marriage of his son George with her Grand-daughter, the Percy
+Heiress.
+
+Letter from Lord Hertford to his Father, consenting to marry.
+
+The Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson's, &c. &c.
+
+Any information relative to the above will be thankfully received and a
+liberal Reward paid on restoration of the Papers.
+
+Apply to MESSRS. RYMER, A. MURRAY, & RYMER, No. 5. Whitehall, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published,
+
+A CATALOGUE of a very Choice and Valuable Collection of Books, Ancient and
+Modern, in the English and Foreign Languages, and Books of Prints, in very
+fine condition, also some beautifully Illuminated Manuscripts upon Vellum,
+including a most splendid Vellum MS. of the Latin Bible, in two very large
+volumes folio, written circa 1380; also a richly Illuminated Copy of
+Ferdosi's Shah Nameh, in Persian, with Thirty-seven beautiful
+Paintings:--principally bound by the best Binders, Derome, Bozerian,
+Kalthoeber, Walther, Lewis, Clarke, Bedford, Riviere, Aitken, &c.: selected
+from the Libraries of the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, Provost of Eton; Very Rev. Dr.
+Butler, Dean of Peterborough, formerly Head Master of Harrow; Right Hon.
+Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of India; Rev. R. J. Coates,
+Sopworth House, Gloucestershire, collected by him during the last sixty
+years, with great taste and judgment, regardless of expense; S. Freeman,
+Esq., Fawley Court (built by Inigo Jones), Henley-on-Thames; John Miller,
+Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; and various other Libraries sold in London and the
+Country, with some private purchases. Now on sale at the prices affixed, by
+
+JOSEPH LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.
+
+This Valuable Catalogue will be forwarded to any gentleman inclosing Two
+Postage Stamps to prepay it. It may also be seen attached to the
+"Gentleman's Magazine" for November.
+
+*** Such a Catalogue of Rare, Valuable and Choice Books, in fine condition,
+has not been published for some years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published, price 8s. 6d.
+
+[Greek: DEMOSTHENOUS O PERI T�S PARAPRESBEIAS LOGOS.]
+
+DEMOSTHENES DE FALSA LEGATIONE. By RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Trinity College,
+Cambridge. Second Edition, carefully revised.
+
+  Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.
+  London: GEORGE BELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published. price 5s. 6d.
+
+AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON PLANE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY, By REV. W. SCOTT,
+M.A., Mathematical Lecturer and Late Fellow of Sidney Sussex College,
+Cambridge.
+
+  Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.
+  London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, Price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham: H.
+C. LANGBRIDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November
+12. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 211,
+November 12, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 211.
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 211, November 12,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 211, November 12, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27008]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 461 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page461"></a>{461}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 211.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, November 12. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Grammont, by G. Steinman Steinman</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page461">461</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, by Thos.
+      Keightley</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page464">464</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Extracts from Colchester Corporation Records, by Jas. Whishaw</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page464">464</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Convocation in the Reign of George II., by W. Fraser</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page465">465</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page465">465</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page466">466</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Local Rhymes,
+      Kent&mdash;Samuel Pepys's Grammar&mdash;Roman Remains&mdash;To
+      grab&mdash;Curfew at Sandwich&mdash;Ecclesiastical Censure&mdash;The
+      Natural History of Balmoral&mdash;Shirt Collars</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page466">466</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"Days of my Youth"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page467">467</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Randall Minshull and
+      his Cheshire Collections&mdash;Mackey's "Theory of the
+      Earth"&mdash;Birthplace of King Edward V.&mdash;Name of
+      Infants&mdash;Geometrical Curiosity&mdash;Denison
+      Family&mdash;"Came"&mdash;Montmartre&mdash;Law of Copyright: British
+      Museum&mdash;Veneration for the Oak&mdash;Father Matthew's
+      Chickens&mdash;Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book proper
+      Names&mdash;MSS. of Anthony Bave&mdash;Return of Gentry, temp. Hen.
+      VI.&mdash;Taylor's "Holy Living"&mdash;Captain Jan
+      Dimmeson&mdash;Greek and Roman Fortification&mdash;The Queen at
+      Chess&mdash;Vida on Chess</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page467">467</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Thornton
+      Abbey&mdash;Bishop Wilson's "Sacra Privata"&mdash;Derivation of
+      "Chemistry"&mdash;Burning for Witchcraft&mdash;The small City
+      Companies&mdash;Rousseau and Boileau&mdash;Bishop Kennett's MS.
+      Diary</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page469">469</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Milton's Widow, by S. W. Singer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page471">471</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Oaths, by Honor� de Mareville, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page471">471</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Comminatory Inscriptions in Books, by Philar�te Chasles</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page472">472</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Liveries Worn, and Menial Services performed, by Gentlemen, by J.
+      Lewelyn Curtis</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page473">473</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Female Parish Clerks</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page474">474</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Poetical Epithets of the Nightingale, by W. Pinkerton</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page475">475</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic
+      Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Photographic Exhibition&mdash;How much
+      Light is obstructed by a Lens?&mdash;Stereoscopic Angles&mdash;To
+      introduce Clouds</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page476">476</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Death of
+      Edward II.&mdash;Luther no Iconoclast&mdash;Rev. Urban
+      Vigors&mdash;Portrait of Baretti&mdash;Passage in
+      Sophocles&mdash;Brothers of the same Name&mdash;High Dutch and Low
+      Dutch&mdash;Translations of the Prayer Book into
+      French&mdash;Divining-rod&mdash;Slow-worm
+      Superstition&mdash;Ravailliac&mdash;Lines on the Institution of the
+      Garter&mdash;Passage in Bacon&mdash;What Day is it at our
+      Antipodes?&mdash;Calves' Head Club&mdash;Heraldic Query&mdash;The
+      Temple Lands in Scotland&mdash;Sir John Vanbrugh&mdash;Sir Arthur
+      Aston&mdash;Nugget</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page477">477</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page481">481</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page481">481</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page481">481</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON GRAMMONT.</h3>
+
+  <p>Agreeing with Mr. Peter Cunningham (vide <i>History of Nell Gwyn</i>),
+  that a new edition of Grammont is much wanted, I beg to avail myself of
+  your pages, and to offer a few remarks and notes which I have made in
+  reference to that very entertaining work for the consideration of a
+  future annotator.</p>
+
+  <p>Of the several maids of honour mentioned therein I will begin with
+  those of the queen. They are Miss Stewart, Miss "Warminster," Miss
+  Bellenden, Miss Bardon, Miss de la Garde, Miss Wells, Miss Livingston,
+  Miss Fielding, and Miss Boynton.</p>
+
+  <p>The names of Miss Stewart (Frances Theresa), Miss Boynton (Catherine),
+  Miss Wells (Winefred), and Miss Warmistre are found among the original
+  six, appointed on the queen's marriage, May 21, 1662. The affiliation and
+  marriages of the first two have been well ascertained, but Miss
+  Warmistre's birth is yet open to some conjecture, whilst her marriage,
+  like Miss Wells's parentage, is wholly unknown.</p>
+
+  <p>Horace Walpole, on the authority of the last Earl of Arran, of the
+  Butler family, has confounded her with Mary, one of the daughters of
+  George Kirke, Esq., a groom of the bedchamber to Charles I., by Mary his
+  wife, daughter of Aurelian Townsend, Esq., "the admired beauty of the
+  tymes," on whose marriage at Christ Church, Oxford, February 26, 1645-6,
+  "the king gave her." She herself was maid of honour to the Duchess of
+  York in 1674, and the year following left the court, we may believe,
+  under the same circumstances as Miss Warmistre, more than ten years
+  before, had quitted it: after being the mistress of Sir Thomas Vernon,
+  the second Baronet of Hodnet in Shropshire, she became his wife, and
+  ended her life in miserable circumstances at Greenwich in 1711.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"1711, 17 August, Dame Mary, relict of Sir Thomas Vernon, carried
+  away."&mdash;Burial register of Greenwich Church.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>She was sister to Diana, the last De Vere, Earl of Oxford's, countess,
+  a lady of as free a morality <!-- Page 462 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page462"></a>{462}</span>as herself and as her mother, and second
+  wife of Sir Thomas, whose first lady, Elizabeth Cholmondley, died in
+  June, 1676. Sir Thomas died February 5, 1682-3, leaving by her three
+  children, Sir Richard, the last baronet, Henrietta, and Diana, who all
+  died unmarried.</p>
+
+  <p>A portrait of Lady Vernon, by Sir Peter Lely, has been engraved in
+  mezzotinto by Browne, and lettered "Mary Kirk, Lady Vernon, maid of
+  honour to Queen Catherine." Another portrait (?) has been engraved by
+  Scheneker for Harding's <i>Grammont</i>, 1793. A third portrait was
+  purchased at the Strawberry Hill sale, by Mr. Rodd of Little Newport
+  Street, for 1<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A portrait of the Countess of Oxford is or was at Mr. Drummond's of
+  Great Stanmore. It was bequeathed to his family by Charles, first Duke of
+  St. Alban's, who was her ladyship's son-in-law.</p>
+
+  <p>Of Mrs. Anne Kirke, who was "woman to the queen" Henrietta Maria,
+  there are several portraits. Granger records:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Madam Kirk. Vandyck p. Gaywood f. h. sh.</p>
+
+  <p>"Madam Anne Kirk. Vandyck p. Browne, large h. sh. mezz."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>These engravings are most probably from the same painting&mdash;the
+  fine whole-length exhibited last year among the collection of pictures by
+  ancient masters in Pall Mall:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Madam Kirk, sitting in a chair, Hollar, f. h. sh."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>He also mentions her miniature at Burghley.</p>
+
+  <p>There is at Wilton a splendid painting by Vandyck of Mrs. Kirk, seated
+  with the Countess of Morton, Lady Anne Keith, eldest daughter of George,
+  fifth Earl Mareschal, and wife of William Douglass, seventh Earl of
+  Morton, K.G. She was governess to the Princess Henrietta.</p>
+
+  <p>This painting has been engraved by Grousvelt. There is another
+  engraving from the first-named Vandyck by Beckett.</p>
+
+  <p>Of Lady Vernon and her mother there is to be found mention, in the
+  secret service expenses of Charles II. and James II., lately printed. The
+  elder lady on her husband's death (he was buried in the cloisters of
+  Westminster Abbey, April 5, 1679) seems to have had a pension of
+  250<i>l.</i> per annum. The younger was the recipient, on two occasions,
+  of 100<i>l.</i> "bounty" only.</p>
+
+  <p>Mrs. Kirke and her daughter Diana are unfavourably alluded to by Mrs.
+  Grace Worthley, a lady of the same class, who will not "be any longer a
+  laughing-stock for any of Mr. Kirk's bastards" (vide letter to her cousin
+  Lord Brandon, September 7, 1682, <i>Diary of Henry Sidney, Earl of
+  Romney</i>, i. pp. xxxiii. xxxiv.). And again, the same lady, in another
+  letter, speaks of "the common Countess of Oxford and her adulterous
+  bastards" (<i>Ibid.</i>). Mr. Jesse's quotation from "Queries and Answers
+  from Garraway's Coffee House" (vide <i>The Court of the Stewarts</i>,
+  vol. ii. p. 366.) may be here reproduced in support of the epitaph which
+  this angry lady has been pleased to assign the countess, who, it would
+  seem, had robbed her, well born and well married, of her noble keeper
+  "the handsome Sidney:"</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Q.</i> How often has Mrs. Kirk sold her daughter Di. before the
+  Lord of Oxford married her?</p>
+
+  <p><i>A.</i> Ask the Prince and Harry Jermyn."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following curious extract from one of the Heber MSS. at Hodnet has
+  been kindly furnished me by Charles Cholmondeley, Esq., of the Ivy House,
+  Wisbeach, co. Cambridge, to whom the MS. belongs:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"H&mdash;&mdash;,</p>
+
+  <p>"Sir Thomas the second baronet's death is mentioned in Lady Rachael
+  Russell's letters. His second wife was one of King Charles's Beauties,
+  but the account in Granger of her is not correct, as it appears that she
+  lived some time with Sir Thomas, as mistress, before their marriage. He
+  left her in great distress, as the profits of the estate were embezzled
+  by attorneys and stewards. The following is a copy from a letter from her
+  to one Squibb, an attorney who had the management of the estate:</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b2n">
+
+  <p>'<span class="sc">Sir</span>,</p>
+
+  <p>'When you were last here you were pleased to say that in some little
+  time I should be payd some money. I have had with me my woman's husband
+  y<sup>t</sup> did serve mee about two yeares since; and hee is soe
+  impatient for what I owe her y<sup>t</sup> hee will staye noe longer. It
+  is given me to understand I must goe to prison or paye part of
+  w<sup>t</sup> I owe him. Things fly to a great violence, and if you
+  thinke it will bee for the credit or advantage of my childerne
+  y<sup>t</sup> such an afront should come to mee, is the question. I have
+  nothing to depend on but w<sup>t</sup> must come from the estate of Sir
+  Richard Vernon. How I have been used by the trustees you are noe stranger
+  to. I am now forced to live on charity, and I grow every day more and
+  more weary of it. For my childern's sake I remain in England, or else I
+  would seeke my fortune elsewhere. Pray to take this into consideration,
+  and see w<sup>t</sup> can be done.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">'I am, <span class="sc">Sir</span>, y<sup>r</sup> most humble serv<sup>t</sup>,<br />
+'<span class="sc">Vernon.</span></p>
+
+  <p>'P.S.&mdash;If you can, pray doe mee y<sup>e</sup> favour to send mee
+  by to-morrow at one of y<sup>e</sup> cloke, twenty shillings, to pay for
+  wood, or I must sit w<sup>th</sup>oute fyer; y<sup>t</sup> will be ill
+  for a person confined to the house.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is not certain whether it is to "Mistris Kirke," Lady Vernon's
+  mother, that Charles I. refers in his letter addressed to Colonel Whaley
+  on the day of his escape from Hampton Court, November 11, 1647, but it is
+  very likely to have been so. There was a Mistress (Anne) Kirke, sworn in
+  a dresser to Queen Henrietta Maria in Easter week, 1637 (vide
+  <i>Strafford Papers</i>, vol. ii. p. 73.), whose full-length portrait by
+  Vandyke has been frequently engraved, by Browne, Garwood, Hollar,
+  Beckett, &amp;c.; and this lady may be the "Mrs. Anne Kirke,
+  unfortunately drowned near London Bridge," who was buried in Westminster
+  Abbey, July 9, 1641. <!-- Page 463 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page463"></a>{463}</span></p>
+
+  <p>In Westminster Abbey was buried, May 23, 1640, "Mr. Kirk's daughter."
+  Captain George Kirke married there, February 10, 1699-1700, Mary Cooke.
+  George Kirke, Esq., died Jan. 10, 1703-4, and was buried in the abbey
+  cloisters (Mon. Inscr.); and Mrs. Mary Kirke died December 17, 1751, and
+  was also buried there (M.&nbsp;I.). We may presume that all these Kirkes were
+  of the same family.</p>
+
+  <p>Having now clearly released the annotator from all farther
+  interference with Mary Kirke's private history, and having excluded her
+  handsome face from any future illustrated edition of Grammont, I must
+  leave him to deal with Miss Warmistre. It seems most probable that Dr.
+  Thomas Warmistre, dean of Worcester, who died October 30, 1665, was her
+  father, as he is known to have been a Royalist. His will, as it is not to
+  be found at Doctors' Commons, must be sought for at Worcester. His
+  brother Gervais was a married man, but his effects, unfortunately for our
+  inquiries, were administered to at Doctors' Commons, August 31, 1641.
+  That Warmistre was her right name is proved by Lord Cornbury's letter to
+  the Duchess of Bedford, June 10, 1662 (Warburton's <i>Rupert</i>, vol.
+  iii. pp. 461-464.). Her portrait is at Hengrave Hall, Suffolk, and has
+  been engraved by Scriven for Carpenter's <i>Grammont</i>, 1811.</p>
+
+  <p>Lord Cornbury's letter contradicts Grammont's statement, that Miss
+  Boynton and Miss Wells came in on a removal, for they were of the
+  original six maids of honour. Among these is named a Miss Price
+  (Henrietta Maria), who we may suppose a sister to the Duchess of York's
+  Miss Price, one of Grammont's most conspicuous heroines; and if so, when
+  I come to speak of the Duchess's maids of honour, her parentage will be
+  proved. Of Miss Carey, rejoicing in the prefix of Simona, the sixth of
+  the queen's original maids of honour, we have no farther occasion to
+  speak.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1669 the queen appears to have had four maids of honour only, the
+  places vacated by Miss Stewart's and Miss Warmistre's marriages being
+  unoccupied. This state of affairs leads me to doubt whether Miss
+  Bellenden ever held the appointment. Mademoiselle Bardon, Grammont
+  admits, was not actually a maid of honour, and Mademoiselle de la Garde
+  certainly never was. <span class="sc">Lord Braybrooke</span> has
+  suggested to me, with some show of reason, that the first may be the
+  "Mrs. Baladine" who held a place of less emolument (that of dresser,
+  probably) in the Duchess of York's household, and who left in the middle
+  of the quarter, between Michaelmas and Christmas, 1662 (vide <i>Household
+  Book of James Duke of York at Audley End</i>), as if she had the prudence
+  "de quitter la cour avant que d'en �tre chass�e."</p>
+
+  <p>"La d�sagr�able Bardon" may have been a daughter, or some other near
+  relation, to Claudius Bardon, mentioned in the secret service expenses of
+  Charles II.</p>
+
+  <p>Mademoiselle de la Garde was appointed a dresser to the queen on her
+  marriage (vide Lord Cornbury's letter), and continued in this office till
+  1673, when she died. Her father, Charles Peliott Baron de la Garde, or
+  her brother, if she had one, was a groom of the privy chamber to Queen
+  Catherine in 1687, and her mother dresser to the Duchess of York in 1662
+  (<i>Duke of York's Household Book</i>). Mary her sister, who became the
+  wife of Sir Thomas Bond of Peckham, co. Surrey, Baronet, comptroller of
+  the household to Queen Henrietta Maria, was a Lady of the privy chamber
+  to the same queen.</p>
+
+  <p>Of mademoiselle I may add, that she married Mr. Gabriel Silvius,
+  carver to the queen, in 1669 (compare first and second editions of
+  <i>Angli� Notitia</i>, 1669); and of her husband, in addition to the
+  particulars already stated by the annotators, that he received the honour
+  of knighthood January 28, 1669-70, married a second wife (a fact
+  overlooked by the annotators, including Mr. Cunningham), viz. Anne,
+  daughter of the Hon. William Howard, a younger son of Thomas first Earl
+  of Berkshire, at Westminster Abbey, November 12, 1677, went the same year
+  to the Hague as master of the household to the Prince of Orange (Evelyn),
+  became privy purse to James II. (<i>The British Compendium, or Rudiments
+  of Honour</i>), died at his house in Leicester Fields, January, 1696-7,
+  and was buried in the church of St. Martin. It was his second wife, and
+  widow, who died October 13, 1730.</p>
+
+  <p>If, as it is possible, Miss Bellenden did hold the appointment of maid
+  of honour to the queen, she must have replaced Miss Stewart or Miss
+  Warmistre; and if Miss Livingston and Miss Fielding held like
+  appointments, one of the two must have replaced her, and they, again,
+  must have removed from the court before 1669. I am not at present able to
+  say who those three ladies were.</p>
+
+  <p>Before bringing this paper to a conclusion, I must be permitted to
+  refer Mr. Cunningham to five letters, written by Count de Comminges, the
+  French ambassador in London, and printed <span class="sc">Lord
+  Braybrooke</span> in his Appendix to Pepys, which Mr. C. has very
+  unaccountably overlooked when settling the chronology of Grammont.</p>
+
+  <p>The first, to M. de Lionne, dated "Londres, Janvier 5-15, 1662-3,"
+  announces the arrival of the Chevalier the day before "fort content de
+  son voyage. Il a �t� ici re�u le plus agr�ablement au monde. Il est de
+  toutes les parties du Roi." The second, to Louis XIV., dated "D�cembre
+  10-20, 1663," informs the king of the chevalier's joy at being allowed to
+  return to France, and of his intention to leave England in four days. He
+  also informs Louis that he believes the chevalier will see the court of
+  France in company of "une belle <!-- Page 464 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page464"></a>{464}</span>Angloise." A postscript, dated "D�cembre
+  20-24," says that the king of England, for certain stated reasons, has
+  persuaded the chevalier to remain a day longer; and, farther, "Il laisse
+  ici quelques autres dettes, qu'il pr�tend venir recueillir quand il se
+  d�clarera sur le sujet de Mille Hamilton, qui est si embrouill� que les
+  plus clairvoyans n'y voyent goutte." The third, dated "Mai 19-24, 1664,"
+  is also to the King of France, and speaks of the Chevalier's wife,
+  "madame sa femme." The next letter is addressed to M. de Lionne, and
+  dated "Aout 29, Septembre 8, 1664." It contains this important
+  intelligence: "Madam la Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un
+  fils beau comme la m�re, et galant comme le p�re." The last letter, dated
+  "Octobre 24, Novembre 3, 1664," and addressed to the same M. de Lionne,
+  commences as follows: "Le Comte de Grammont est parti aujourd'hui avec sa
+  femme."</p>
+
+  <p>These several letters, all important to the annotators of Grammont,
+  give the precise dates of the chevalier's first visit to the Court of
+  Charles II., and of his departure, and settle the date of his marriage
+  within a few days. This event must have taken place in December, 1663.
+  Mrs. Jameson and Mr. Cunningham place it in 1668.</p>
+
+  <p>On another occasion I will return to this subject.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Steinman Steinman.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS.</h3>
+
+  <p>I entirely agree with G. K. (Vol. viii., p. 269.) respecting the
+  original sense of "Putting a spoke in one's wheel." It surely meant to
+  aid him in constructing the wheel, say of his fortune. As the true sense
+  of this expression seems to have been retained in America when lost in
+  its birthplace, so Ireland has retained that of another which has changed
+  its sense here. By "finding a mare's nest" is, I believe, meant, fancying
+  you have made a great discovery when in fact you have found nothing. I
+  certainly remember the late Earl Grey using it in that sense in his place
+  in parliament. But how does this accord with the following place in
+  Beaumont and Fletcher?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"Why dost thou laugh?</p>
+      <p>What mare's nest hast thou found?"&mdash;<i>Bonduca</i>, Act V. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>on which, rather to my surprise, Mr. Dyce has no note. Now in Ireland,
+  when a person is seen laughing immoderately without any apparent cause,
+  it is usual to say, "O, he has found a mare's nest, and he's laughing at
+  the eggs." This perfectly agrees with the above passage from
+  <i>Bonduca</i>, and is doubtless the original sense and original form of
+  the adage.</p>
+
+  <p>There is another of these proverbial expressions which, I think, has
+  also lost its pristine sense. By "Tread on a worm and it will turn" is
+  usually meant that the very meekest and most helpless persons will, when
+  harshly used, turn on their persecutors. But the poor worm does, and can
+  do, no such thing. I therefore think that the adage arose at the time
+  when <i>worm</i> was inclusive of snake and viper, and that what was
+  meant was, that as those that had the power to avenge themselves when
+  injured would use it, so people should be cautious how they provoked
+  them. I am confirmed in this view by the following passage in the
+  <i>Wallenstein's Tod</i> of Schiller, Act II. Sc. 6.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Doch einen Stachel gab Natur dem Wurm,</p>
+      <p>Dem Willk�r �berm�thig spielend tritt."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>EXTRACTS FROM COLCHESTER CORPORATION
+RECORDS.</h3>
+
+  <p>I inclose you some rather curious extracts from the corporation books
+  of Colchester, which I made a few years since, during an investigation of
+  some of the charities of that ancient borough.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Whishaw.</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The informac&#x14D;n of Richard Glascock of Horden-of-the-Hill, in
+  the County of Essex, Cordwayner, aged twenty-four yeeres or thereabouts,
+  taken upon oath the 5<sup>th</sup> of June, 1651, before Jno. Furlie,
+  Gent., Mayor of the Towne of Colchester.</p>
+
+  <p>"The Informant saieth, that upon the Lord's daie, the fower and
+  twentieth daie of May last, that W<sup>m</sup> Beard of Horden abovesaid,
+  did cut off the taile of the catt of Thomas Burgis of Fanies Pishe, and
+  Margaret, the wife of the s<sup>d</sup> Tho<sup>s</sup> Burgis, after the
+  catt's taile was cutt off, came home, and seeing that her catt's taile
+  had bin cutt off she enquired who had done it, and being told that the
+  s<sup>d</sup> W<sup>m</sup> Beard had done it, she s<sup>d</sup> she
+  would be even w<sup>th</sup> him before he went out of towne.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Richard Glascock.</span>"</p>
+
+  <p>"The informac&#x14D;n of H<sup>y</sup> Potter, aged twenty yeeres or
+  thereabouts, of Horden abovesaid, Lynnen Weaver, taken upon oath the day
+  and yeere abovesaid.</p>
+
+  <p>"This informant saieth, that y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> fower and
+  twentieth daie of May the taile of the catt of the s<sup>d</sup> Thomas
+  Burgis being cutt off by the s<sup>d</sup> W<sup>m</sup> Beard, and
+  y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> Margaret the wife of the s<sup>d</sup>
+  Tho<sup>s</sup> Burgis haveing bin told that the s<sup>d</sup>
+  W<sup>m</sup> Beard had done it, she p<sup>r</sup>sentlie told the
+  s<sup>d</sup> Beard she would be even with him before he went out of
+  towne, and flewe in his face, and said she would give him something
+  before he went out of her howse. And this informant saieing, Good woman,
+  I hope you will give him noe poyson, and she replyed, he would not be soe
+  foolish as to take any thinge of her, but she would be even
+  w<sup>th</sup> him before he went out of towne."</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Henry Potter.</span>"</p>
+
+  <p>"The informac&#x14D;n of R<sup>d</sup> Spencer, aged thirtie yeeres or
+  thereabouts, Servant to Capt<sup>n</sup> Thomas Caldwell, taken upon oath
+  the day and yeere aforesaid.</p>
+
+  <p>"This informant saieth, that the before-named W<sup>m</sup> Beard
+  being very sicke and in a strange distemper, and <!-- Page 465 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page465"></a>{465}</span>haveing heard that
+  Margaret, the wife of the before-named Thomas Burgis, had threatened him,
+  did suspect the s<sup>d</sup> W<sup>m</sup> Beard might be bewitched or
+  ill dealt w<sup>th</sup>, did cut off some of his haire off from his
+  head, and did wind it up together and put it into the fire, and could not
+  for a good while make it burne, untill he tooke a candle and put under it
+  or into it, and then w<sup>th</sup> much adoe it did burne, and after it
+  was burnt y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> Beard laie still, and before it was
+  burnt he was in such a distemper that three men could hardlie hold him
+  into his bed.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Richard Spencer</span>.<br />
+"his + mark."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CONVOCATION IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II.</h3>
+
+  <p>One hears it so often repeated, that Convocation was finally
+  suppressed in 1717, in consequence of the accusations brought by the
+  Lower House against Bishop Hoadley, that it seems worth while noting in
+  correction of this, that though no licence from the Crown to make canons
+  has ever been granted since that time, yet that Convocation met and sat
+  in 1728, and again for some sessions in the spring of 1742, when several
+  important subjects were brought before it; among which was the very
+  interesting question of curates' stipends, in these words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"VIIth. That much reproach is brought upon the beneficed, and much
+  oppression upon the unbeneficed, clergy, by curates accepting too scanty
+  salaries from incumbents."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>and which was really the last subject that was ever brought before
+  Convocation. On Jan. 27, 1742, it was unanimously agreed, that "the
+  motion made by the Archdeacon of Lincoln concerning ecclesiastical courts
+  and clandestine marriages, the qualifications of persons to be admitted
+  into holy orders, and the salaries and titles of curates," should be
+  "reduced into writing, and the particulars offered to the House at their
+  next assembly." But in the next session, on March 5, 1742, the
+  Prolocutor, Dr. Lisle, was afraid to go on with the business before the
+  House, and after "speaking much of a <i>pr�munire</i>," and "echoing and
+  reverberating the word from one side of good King Henry's Chapel to the
+  other," the whole was let drop; and Convocation was fully consigned to
+  the silence and the slumber of a century. The whole of these transactions
+  are detailed in a scarce pamphlet, <i>A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Lisle,
+  Prolocutor of the Lower House</i>, by the Archdeacon of Lincoln (the
+  Venerable G. Reynolds).</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PARALLEL PASSAGES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iv., p. 435.; Vol. vi., p. 123.; Vol. vii.,
+p. 151.)</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>1. "When she had passed it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite
+  music."&mdash;Longfellow's <i>Evangeline</i>, Part i. I.</p>
+
+  <p>"When she comes into the room, it is like a beautiful air of Mozart
+  breaking upon you."&mdash;Thackeray "On a good-looking young Lady."
+  (Quoted in <i>Westminster Review</i>, April 1853.)</p>
+
+  <p>2. "Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere."&mdash;Whence?</p>
+
+  <p>"We are the twin stars, and cannot shine in one sphere. When he rises
+  I must set."&mdash;Congreve, <i>Love for Love</i>, Act III. Sc. 4.</p>
+
+  <p>3. "Et ce n'est pas toujours par valeur et par chastet� que les hommes
+  sont vaillants et que les femmes sont chastes."&mdash;De La
+  Rochefoucauld, <i>Max.</i> I.</p>
+
+  <p>"Yes, faith! I believe some women are virtuous, too; but 'tis as I
+  believe some men are valiant, through fear."&mdash;Congreve, <i>Love for
+  Love</i>, Act III. Sc. 14.</p>
+
+  <p>4. "Mais si les vaisseaux sillonnent un moment les ondes, la vague
+  vient effacer aussit�t cette l�g�re marque de servitude, et la mer
+  reparait telle qu'elle fut au premier jour de la
+  Cr�ation."&mdash;<i>Corinne</i>, b. <span class="scac">I</span>. ch.
+  4.</p>
+
+  <p>"Such as Creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now!"&mdash;Byron,
+  <i>Childe Harold</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>5. "Il est plus honteux de se m�fier de ses amis que d'en �tre
+  tromp�."&mdash;De La Rochefoucauld, <i>Max.</i> <span
+  class="scac">LXXXIV</span>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Better trust all, and be deceived,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And weep that trust, and that deceiving,</p>
+      <p>Than doubt one heart that, if believed,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Had blessed thy life with true believing!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Oh! in this mocking world, too fast</p>
+      <p class="i1">The doubting fiend o'ertakes our youth:</p>
+      <p>Better be cheated to the last,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Than lose the blessed hope of truth!"&mdash;Mrs. Butler (Fanny Kemble).</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>6. In "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435., I cited, as a parallel to
+  Shelley, the following from Southey's <i>Doctor</i>, vol. vi. p.
+  158.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The sense of flying in our sleep might, he thought, probably be the
+  anticipation or forefeeling of an unevolved power, like an Aurelia's
+  dream of butterfly motion."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In Spicer's <i>Sights and Sounds</i> (1853), p. 140., is to be found a
+  poem professing to have been "dictated by the spirit of Robert Southey,"
+  on March 25, 1851, the fourth stanza of which runs as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The soul, like some sweet flower-bud yet unblown,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Lay tranced in beauty in its silent cell:</p>
+      <p>The spirit slept, but dreamed of worlds unknown,</p>
+      <p class="i1"><i>As dreams the chrysalis within its shell</i>,</p>
+      <p class="i4">Ere summer breathes its spell."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>What inference should be drawn from this coincidence for or against
+  the reality of the "spiritual dictation?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Harry Leroy Temple</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 466 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page466"></a>{466}</span></p>
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Shakspeare's Works with a Digest of all the Readings</i> (Vol.
+  viii., pp. 74. 170. 362.).&mdash;I am exceedingly obliged to your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">Este</span> for his suggestions, and need
+  not say that any sincere advice will be most respectfully considered. In
+  the second volume of my folio edition of Shakspeare, I am partially
+  endeavouring to carry out the design to which he alludes, by giving a
+  digest of all the readings up to the year 1684. How is it possible to
+  carry out his wish farther with any advantage? I should feel particularly
+  thankful for a satisfactory reply to the following questions in relation
+  to this important subject:&mdash;1. As many copies of the first and other
+  folio editions, as well as nearly all the copies of the same quarto
+  editions, differ from each other, how are these differences to be
+  treated? What copies are to be taken for texts, and how many copies of
+  each are to be collated? 2. Are such books as Beckett, Jackson and
+  others, to be examined? If not, are <i>any</i> conjectural emendations of
+  the last and present centuries to be given? Where is the line to be
+  drawn? A mere selection is valueless, or next to valueless; because,
+  setting aside the differences in opinion in such matters, we want to know
+  what conjectures are new, and which are old? 3. Are the various readings
+  suggested in periodicals to be given? 4. Can any positive and practical
+  rules be furnished, likely to render such an undertaking useful and
+  successful?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. O. Halliwell</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Local Rhymes, Kent.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Between Wickham and Welling</p>
+      <p>There's not an honest man dwelling;</p>
+      <p>And I'll tell you the reason why,</p>
+      <p>Because Shooters' Hill's so nigh."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Unless this is preserved in "N. &amp; Q." it will probably be
+  forgotten with the highwaymen, whose proceedings at Shooters' Hill, no
+  doubt, originated it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. W. Skyring</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Samuel Pepys's Grammar.</i>&mdash;I have lately been looking over
+  the <i>Diary</i> of this very clever person, and I confess it has
+  surprised me to find him, a graduate of Cambridge, and, in fact, I may
+  say a man of letters, constantly employing such vulgar bad grammar as "he
+  <i>do</i> say," and such like. I am the more surprised when, on looking
+  at his letters, even the familiar ones to his cousin Roger and to W.
+  Hewer, I can find nothing of the kind, they being as grammatical and as
+  well written as any of the time.</p>
+
+  <p>My hypothesis is&mdash;<span class="sc">Lord Braybrooke</span> can
+  correct me if I am wrong&mdash;that Pepys, writing his <i>Diary</i> in
+  short-hand, used one and the same character for all the persons of the
+  present tense of <i>do</i>, and that the decypherer did not attend to
+  this circumstance. In his letter to Col. Legge (vol. v. p. 296.), Pepys
+  writes "His R.&nbsp;H. <i>does</i> think," &amp;c., which in the <i>Diary</i>
+  would surely be "His R.&nbsp;H. <i>do</i> think," &amp;c. In a similar way I
+  would account for the use of <i>come</i> instead of <i>came</i> in the
+  <i>Diary</i>, as there is nothing of the kind in the Letters. Should I be
+  right, I may have rendered a slight service to the memory of an able and
+  worthy man.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Roman Remains.</i>&mdash;In Wright's <i>Celt, Roman, and Saxon</i>,
+  p. 207., a curious Roman altar, dedicated to Silvanus, "ab aprum eximi�
+  forme captum," is mentioned as found at Durham. It was found in the wild
+  district to the west, in the neighbourhood of Stanhope in Weardale, and
+  is preserve in the rectory house there.</p>
+
+  <p>P. 330., figure <span class="scac">A</span>. This armilla (?) was not
+  found in Northumberland, but in Sussex, together with several others of
+  the same form, a torques and celts.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Wallington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>To grab.</i>&mdash;A very popular writer has lately rightly
+  denounced the use of this word as a vulgarism. Like many other
+  monosyllables used by our working classes, it may plead antiquity in
+  extenuation of its vulgarity. It has been derived from the Welsh word
+  <i>grabiaw</i>, to grasp, and in ancient times was one of our "household
+  words." The retention by a tailor of a portion of the cloth delivered to
+  him, although it had been a usage from time immemorial, might have been
+  considered by our forefathers as a <i>grabbage</i>: we now call it
+  <i>cabbage</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Curfew at Sandwich.</i>&mdash;Sometime back it was stated that the
+  curfew at Sandwich had been discontinued. It has been resumed in
+  consequence of the opposition made by the inhabitants. The same occurred
+  about twenty years ago. (From information on the spot.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ecclesiastical Censure.</i>&mdash;Ecclesiastical censure was often
+  used in the Middle Ages to enforce civil rights, specially that of the
+  exemption of the clergy from the judgment of a lay tribunal. The
+  following instance thereof is new to me. I have copied it from
+  "Collectanea Gervasii Holles," vol. i. p. 529., Lansdowne MS. 207., in
+  the British Museum:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"Ex Archis Linc. a<sup>o</sup> 1307.</p>
+
+  <p>"The Major and Burgesses of Grimesby hanged a Preist for theft called
+  Richard of Notingham. Hereupon y&#x113; B<sup>p</sup> sendes to y&#x113;
+  Abbott of Wellow to associate to himselfe twelue adjacent chapleins to
+  examine y&#x113; cause, and in St. James his Church Excommunicates all
+  y<sup>t</sup> had any hand in it of whatsoever condition they were,
+  y&#x113; King, Queen, and Prince of Wales excepted; <!-- Page 467
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page467"></a>{467}</span>and y&#x113;
+  B<sup>p</sup> himselfe did Excommunicate them in y&#x113; Cathedral
+  Church of Lincolne, y&#x113; fifth of y&#x113; Ides of Aprill
+  following."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Natural History of Balmoral.</i>&mdash;Dr. William
+  Macgillivray, Professor of Civil and Natural History in the Marischal
+  College of Aberdeen, and who died there Sept. 5, 1852, left an
+  unpublished MS. on "The Natural History of Balmoral and its
+  Neighbourhood." This work has been purchased from his executors by His
+  Royal Highness Prince Albert; and is to be printed for the use of Her
+  Majesty and the Royal Family, and for circulation among their august
+  relatives. It was the last work on which the distinguished author was
+  engaged, and was only completed a short time previous to his death. It
+  also contains some curious speculations regarding several plants and
+  herbs of that Alpine district, and their uses in a medicinal and domestic
+  point of view, as known to the ancient Caledonians and Picts. Altogether
+  it is a most interesting work.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shirt Collars.</i>&mdash;In Hone's <i>Every-day Book</i>, vol. ii.
+  p. 381., I find the following, which I think is after the present
+  ridiculous fashion of wearing shirt collars, viz. so tight round the
+  neck, and so stiff, that it is a wonder there are not some serious
+  accidents.</p>
+
+  <p>These collars, at present worn by the fast young men of the day, are
+  called "The Piccadilly three-folds." Now, if this goes on until they get
+  to a "nail in depth, and stiffened with yellow starch, and <i>double
+  wired</i>," I think it will only be proper to put a heavy tax upon
+  them.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Piccadilly.</i>&mdash;The picadil was the round hem, or the piece
+  set about the edge or skirt of a garment, whether at top or bottom; also
+  a kind of <i>stiff collar</i>, made in fashion of a band, that went about
+  the neck and round about the shoulders: hence the term 'wooden
+  piccadilloes' (meaning the pillory) in <i>Hudibras</i>; and see Nares'
+  <i>Glossary</i>, and Blount's <i>Glossographia</i>. At the time that
+  ruffs and picadils were much in fashion, there was a celebrated ordinary
+  near St. James's, called <i>Piccadilly</i>: because, as some say, it was
+  the outmost, or skirt-house, situate at the hem of the town: but it more
+  probably took its name from one Higgins, a tailor, who made a fortune by
+  picadils, and built this with a few adjoining houses. The name has by a
+  few been derived from a much frequented shop for the sale of these
+  articles; this probably took its rise from the circumstance of Higgins
+  having built houses there, which however were not for selling ruffs; and
+  indeed, with the exception of his buildings, the site of the present
+  Piccadilly was at that time open country, and quite out of the way of
+  trade. At a later period, when Burlington House was built, its noble
+  owner chose the situation, then at some distance from the extremity of
+  the town, that <i>none might build beyond</i> him. The ruffs formerly
+  worn by gentlemen were frequently <i>double wired</i>, and
+  <i>stiffened</i> with <i>yellow starch</i>: and the practice was at one
+  time carried to such an excess, that they were limited by Queen Elizabeth
+  '<i>to a nayle of a yeard in depth</i>.' In the time of James I., they
+  still continued of a preposterous size: so that, previous to the visit
+  made by that monarch to Cambridge in 1615, the Vice-chancellor of the
+  University thought fit to issue an order, prohibiting 'the fearful
+  enormity and excess of apparel seen in all degrees, as, namely,
+  <i>strange piccadilloes</i>, vast bands, huge cuffs, shoe roses, tufts,
+  locks, and tops of hair, unbeseeming that modesty and carriage of
+  students in so renowned a university.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It is scarcely to be supposed that the ladies were deficient in the
+  size of their ruffs, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>I must conclude this in the words of the immortal poet:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; New fashions,</p>
+      <p>Though they be never so ridiculous,</p>
+      <p>Nay, let them be unmanly, yet are followed."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">H. E.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>"DAYS OF MY YOUTH."</h3>
+
+  <p>The following lines are understood to have been written by the late
+  Mr. St. George Tucker of Virginia, U.&nbsp;S. Any information in support of
+  this opinion, or, if it be unfounded, in disproof of it, is requested
+  by</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">DAYS OF MY YOUTH.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Days of my youth! ye have glided away,</p>
+      <p>Hairs of my youth! ye are frosted and gray;</p>
+      <p>Eyes of my youth! your keen sight is no more;</p>
+      <p>Cheeks of my youth! ye are furrow'd all o'er;</p>
+      <p>Strength of my youth! all your vigour is gone;</p>
+      <p>Thoughts of my youth! all your visions are flown!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Days of my youth! I wish not your recall,</p>
+      <p>Hairs of my youth! I'm content you should fall;</p>
+      <p>Eyes of my youth! ye much evil have seen;</p>
+      <p>Cheeks of my youth! bathed in tears have you been;</p>
+      <p>Thoughts of my youth! ye have led me astray;</p>
+      <p>Strength of my youth! why lament your decay!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Days of my age! ye will shortly be past;</p>
+      <p>Pains of my age! yet awhile can ye last;</p>
+      <p>Joys of my age! in true wisdom delight;</p>
+      <p>Eyes of my age! be religion your light;</p>
+      <p>Thoughts of my age! dread not the cold sod,</p>
+      <p>Hopes of my age! be ye fix'd on your God!&mdash;<span class="sc">St. George Tucker</span>, Judge.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Randall Minshull and his Cheshire Collections.</i>&mdash;Of what
+  family was Randall Minshull, who, in the Addenda to Gower's <i>Sketch for
+  a History of</i> <!-- Page 468 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page468"></a>{468}</span><i>Cheshire</i>, p. 94., is stated to have
+  professedly made a collection for the <i>Antiquities of Cheshire</i> by
+  the desire of Lord Malpas? and where is such collection at the present
+  time to met with?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cestriensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Mackey's "Theory of the Earth."</i>&mdash;I have a small pamphlet
+  entitled,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A New Theory of the Earth and of Planetary Motion; in which it is
+  demonstrated that the Sun is Vicegerent of his own System. By Sampson
+  Arnold Mackey, author of <i>Mythological Astronomy</i> and <i>Urania's
+  Key to the Revelations, &amp;c.</i> Norwich, printed for the Author."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There is no date on the title-page, but a notice on the second page
+  indicates 1825. The book is extraordinary, and shows great astronomical
+  and philological attainments, with some startling facts in geology, and
+  bold theories as to the formation of the earth. I have endeavoured to
+  procure the other two works of which Mr. Mackey is said to be the author,
+  and also some account of him, but without success. I can hardly suppose
+  that a writer of so much ability and learning can be unknown, and shall
+  feel much obliged by any information as to him or his writings.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Ward.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Coventry.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Birthplace of King Edward V.</i>&mdash;Can you give me any
+  information as to the exact birthplace of this monarch?</p>
+
+  <p>Hume (vol. ii. p. 430.) merely says that he was born while his mother
+  was in sanctuary in London, and his father was a fugitive from the
+  victorious Earl of Warwick.</p>
+
+  <p>Commynes (book iii. chap. 5.) also says that she took refuge "es
+  franchises qui sont � Londres," and "y accoucha d'ung filz en grant
+  povret�."</p>
+
+  <p>Chastellain, at p. 486. of his <i>Chronique</i>, says: "Elle alla �
+  Saincte-Catherine, une abbeye, disoient aucuns: aucuns autres disoient �
+  Vasemonstre (Westminster), lieu de franchise, qui oncques n'avoit est�
+  corrompu."</p>
+
+  <p>I should be glad to have some more definite information on this point,
+  if any of your readers can supply it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Leguleian.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Name of Infants.</i>&mdash;In Scotland there is a superstition that
+  it is unlucky to tell the name of infants before they are christened. Can
+  this be explained?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. J. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Geometrical Curiosity.</i>&mdash;Take half a sheet of note-paper;
+  fold and crease it so that two opposite corners exactly meet; then fold
+  and crease it so that the remaining two opposite corners exactly meet.
+  Armed with a fine pair of scissors, proceed now to repeat both these
+  folds alternately without cessation, taking care to cut off quite flush
+  and clear all the overlappings on both sides after each fold. When these
+  overlappings become too small to be cut off, <i>the paper is in the shape
+  of a circle</i>, <i>i. e.</i> the ultimate intersection of an infinite
+  series of tangents. Perhaps <span class="sc">Professor De Morgan</span>
+  will give the <i>rationale</i> of this procedure.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Denison Family.</i>&mdash;Can any correspondent of "N. &amp; Q."
+  inform me how the Denisons of Denbies, near Dorking, in Surrey, and the
+  Denisons of Ossington, in Nottinghamshire, were related? Who was Mr.
+  Robert Denison of Nottingham, who took a very active part in politics at
+  the commencement of the French Revolution? His wife had a handsome legacy
+  from a rich old lady, one Mrs. Williams, of whom I would much like to
+  know something farther.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Came."</i>&mdash;In Pegge's <i>Anecdotes of the English
+  Language</i>, p. 189., we read:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The real preterit of the Saxon verb <i>coman</i>, is <i>com</i>.
+  <i>Came</i> is therefore a violent infringement, though it is impossible
+  to detect the innovator, or any of his accomplices."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>When was the word <i>came</i> introduced into our language? Early
+  instances of its use would be very welcome.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. T. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Hull.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Montmartre.</i>&mdash;By some this name is derived from <i>mons
+  martis</i>; by others from <i>mons martyrum</i>. Which is the more
+  satisfactory etymology, and upon what authority does it rest?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Law of Copyright: British Museum.</i>&mdash;Observing that the
+  <i>new</i> law of copyright, which was passed and came into operation on
+  the 1st of July, 1842, <i>expressly repeals</i> all of the statutes
+  previously existing on that subject, I am anxious to know, through the
+  medium of "N. &amp; Q.," if the British Museum authorities can claim and
+  enforce the delivery of any book, <i>although not entered on the books of
+  Stationers' Hall</i>, which may have been printed and published
+  <i>before</i> the passing of the said act of 1842. If so, then what is
+  the state of the act or statute which bears upon that particular
+  privilege?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. A.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Glasgow.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Veneration for the Oak.</i>&mdash;The oak&mdash;"the brave old
+  oak"&mdash;has been an object of veneration in this country from the
+  prim�val to the present times. The term <i>oak</i> is used in several
+  places in Scripture, but nowhere does it appear to refer to the oak as we
+  know it&mdash;<i>our indigenous oak</i>. The <i>oak</i>, under which God
+  appeared to Abraham, bears apparently a resemblance to the <i>tree of
+  life</i> of the Assyrian sculptures; and, perhaps, the <i>Zoroastrian</i>
+  <!-- Page 469 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page469"></a>{469}</span><i>Homa</i>, or sacred tree, and the
+  <i>sacred tree of the Hindus</i>; and the same may yet be found in the
+  <i>British oak</i>. Is there a botanical affinity between these trees?
+  Are they all <i>oaks</i>? Was the <i>tree of life</i>, as described in
+  the Bible, an <i>oak</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Stansted, Montfichet.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Father Matthew's Chickens.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents
+  explain why grouse in Scotland are sometimes called "Father Matthew's
+  chickens?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. R. G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book proper Names.</i>&mdash;I
+  feel sure that many of your clerical correspondents would feel much
+  obliged by any assistance that might be forwarded them through the medium
+  of your columns respecting the correct pronunciation of those proper
+  names which occur during divine service: such as Sabaoth, Moriah,
+  Aceldama, Sabacthani, Abednego, and several others of the same
+  class.&mdash;The opinions already given in publications are so
+  contradictory, that I have been induced to ask you to insert this
+  Query.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sloane Sloane-Evans</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.</p>
+
+  <p><i>MSS. of Anthony Bave.</i>&mdash;I possess a volume of MS. Sermons,
+  Treatises, and Memorandums in the autograph of one Anthony Bave, who
+  appears, from the doctrines broached therein, to have been a moderate
+  Puritan. What is known concerning him? It is a book I value much from the
+  beauty of the writing and the vigorous style of the discourses.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Return of Gentry, temp. Hen. VI.</i>&mdash;In what collection, or
+  where, can the Return of Gentry of England 12th Henry VI. be seen or met
+  with?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Glaius.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Taylor's "Holy Living."</i>&mdash;In Pickering's edition of this
+  work (London, 1848), <i>some</i> of the quotations are placed in square
+  brackets (<i>e. g.</i> on p. xii.); and <i>some</i> of the paragraphs
+  have an asterisk prefixed to them (as on p. 8.). Why?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. A. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Captain Jan Dimmeson.</i>&mdash;Can any one give me some
+  information about him? I find his name on a pane of glass, with the date
+  of 1667, in the vicinity of Windsor. I had not an opportunity to obtain a
+  copy of some words that were painted on the glass, beneath a fine flowing
+  sea with a ship in full sail upon its bosom.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Greek and Roman Fortification.</i>&mdash;Where can I obtain an
+  account of Greek and Roman fortification? I am surprised to find that
+  Smith's <i>Classical Dictionary</i> has no article upon that subject.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Queen at Chess.</i>&mdash;In the old titles of the men at
+  chess, the queen, who does all the hard work, was called the prime
+  minister, or grand vizier. When did the change take place, and who
+  thought of giving all the power to a woman? Truly in the game "woman is
+  the head of the man," reversing the just order.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. S. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Vida on Chess.</i>&mdash;I have had in my possession for more than
+  five years a translation of Vida on <i>Chess</i>. It is in the
+  handwriting of a celebrated poet of the last century; but whether a mere
+  transcript or a version of his own, is more than I can affirm. Now, I
+  shall feel obliged by any information on the subject, whether positive or
+  negative, and transcribe the exordium with that view. It is not the
+  version which was made by George Jeffreys, and revised by <i>Alexander
+  Pope</i><a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"Vida's Scacchis, or Chess."</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Armies of box that sportively engage,</p>
+      <p>And mimick real battels in their rage,</p>
+      <p>Pleas'd I recount; how smit with glory's charms,</p>
+      <p>Two mighty monarchs met in adverse arms,</p>
+      <p>Sable and white: assist me to explore,</p>
+      <p>Ye Serian nymphs, what ne'er was sung before."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">Bolton Corney.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>The only one which I have seen.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Thornton Abbey.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers give me some
+  information respecting an old and ruinous building called "Thornton
+  Abbey," situate about ten miles from Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and also
+  about two miles from the river Humber?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Victor.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Grimsby.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Tanner states, the house was called Thorneton Curteis, and
+  Torrington. It was founded by William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, and
+  Lord of Holderness, about the year 1139, for Austin Canons, and was
+  dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Dugdale says, that when first founded it
+  was a priory, and the monks were introduced from the monastery of
+  Kirkham; but was changed into an abbey by Pope Eugenius III., <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1148. Though Henry VIII. suppressed the Abbey,
+  he reserved the greater part of the lands to endow a college, which he
+  erected in its room, for a dean and prebendaries, to the honour of the
+  Holy and Undivided Trinity. From the remains it must have been a
+  magnificent building. Originally it consisted of an extensive quadrangle,
+  surrounded by a deep ditch, with high ramparts, and built in a style
+  adapted for occasional defence. To the east of the gateway are the
+  remains of the abbey church. The chapter-house, part of which is
+  standing, was of an octangular shape, and highly decorated. On the south
+  of the ruins of the church is a building, now occupied as a farm-house,
+  which formerly was the residence of the abbots. It was afterwards the
+  seat of Edward <!-- Page 470 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page470"></a>{470}</span>Skinner, Esq., who married Ann, daughter
+  of Sir William Wentworth, brother to the unfortunate Earl of Strafford.
+  The estate was purchased from one of the Skinner family by Sir Richard
+  Sutton, Bart.; it is now in the possession of Lord Yarborough. In taking
+  down a wall in the ruins of the abbey, a human skeleton was found, with a
+  table, a book, and a candle-stick. It is supposed to have been the
+  remains of the fourteenth abbot, who, it is stated, was for some crime
+  sentenced to be immured&mdash;a mode of capital punishment not uncommon
+  in monasteries. Four views of the abbey are given in Allen's <i>History
+  of Lincolnshire</i>, vol ii., and some farther notices of its ancient
+  state will be found in Dugdale's <i>Monasticon</i>, vol. vi. pl. i. p.
+  324.; Tanner's <i>Notitia</i>, Lincolnshire, lxxvii.; and <i>Beauties of
+  England and Wales</i>, vol. ix. p. 684.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Bishop Wilson's "Sacra Privata."</i>&mdash;In the new edition of
+  this work, p. 381., there is given a table of "The Collects, with their
+  Tendencies." Under the head of Fasting, references are made to the First
+  Sunday in Lent, <i>and the Tenth and Twenty-third after
+  Trinity</i>.&mdash;There must be some mistake in this, as the last two
+  collects refer to prayer. This for your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Denton</span>, to whom I understand the Church is indebted
+  for the redintegration of the good bishop's journal.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. A. D.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We have submitted the above to the <span class="sc">Rev. William
+  Denton</span>, who expresses his obligations to A.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;D. for pointing out
+  the error, which seems to have escaped the notice of all the previous
+  editors of the <i>Sacra Privata</i>. The second edition is now at press,
+  and, if not too late, the correction will be made. <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Denton</span> doubts whether the list after all is the bishop's; but
+  thinks it was only copied by him from some work. Can any one point out
+  the source? It is singular that another mistake of the bishop's should
+  have escaped the notice of all previous editors, namely, the tendency of
+  the collect for Whit-Sunday being described as <i>Humiliation</i> instead
+  of <i>Illumination</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Derivation of "Chemistry."</i>&mdash;Are there any historical
+  reasons for deriving the word <i>chemistry</i> from <i>Chemi</i>, the
+  name of Egypt, as is done by Bunsen and others?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. H. T.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Dr. Thomson, the writer of the article "Chemistry" in the
+  <i>Encyclop�dia Britannica</i>, thus notices this derivation: "The
+  generally received opinion among alchymistical writers was, that
+  chemistry originated in Egypt; and the honour of the invention has been
+  unanimously conferred on Hermes Trismegistus. He is by some supposed to
+  be the same person with Chanaan, the son of Ham, whose son Mizraim first
+  occupied and peopled Egypt. Plutarch informs us that Egypt was sometimes
+  called <i>Chemia</i>: this name is supposed to be derived from Chanaan.
+  Hence it was inferred that Chanaan was the inventor of <i>chemistry</i>,
+  to which he affixed his own name. Whether the Hermes of the Greeks was
+  Chanaan, or his son Mizraim, it is impossible to decide; but to Hermes is
+  assigned the invention of <i>chemistry</i>, or <i>the art of making
+  gold</i>, by almost the unanimous consent of the adepts." Dr. Webster
+  says, "The orthography of this word has undergone changes through a mere
+  ignorance of its origin, than which nothing can be more obvious. It is
+  the Arabic <i>kimia</i>, the occult art or science, from <i>kamai</i>, to
+  conceal. This was originally the art or science now called alchemy; the
+  art of converting baser metals into gold." Webster says the correct
+  orthography is <i>chimistry</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Burning for Witchcraft.</i>&mdash;When and where was the last
+  person burned to death for witchcraft in England?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. R.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We believe the last case of burning for witchcraft was at Bury St.
+  Edmunds in 1664, tried by Sir Matthew Hale, although some accounts state
+  that the victims, Amy Duny and Rose Callender, were executed. In the same
+  year Alice Hudson was burnt at York for having received 10<i>s.</i> at a
+  time from his Satanic majesty. The last case of burning in Scotland was
+  in Sutherland, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1722: the judge was Captain
+  David Ross, of Little Dean. At Glarus, in Ireland, a servant girl was
+  burnt so late as 1786. The last authenticated instance of the swimming
+  ordeal occurred in 1785, and is quoted by Mr. Sternberg from a
+  <i>Northampton Mercury</i> of that year:&mdash;"A poor woman named Sarah
+  Bradshaw, of Mears Ashby, who was accused of being a witch, in order to
+  prove her innocence, submitted to the ignominy of being dipped, when she
+  immediately sunk to the bottom of the pond, which was deemed to be an
+  incontestable proof that she was no witch!"]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>The Small City Companies.</i>&mdash;Where does the fullest
+  information appear respecting their early condition, &amp;c.? Herbert's
+  work only occasionally refers to them, and I am aware of many incidental
+  notices of them in Histories of London, &amp;c.; but it does not amount
+  to much, and I should be glad to know if there is no fuller account of
+  them. The companies of Pewterers or Bakers, for example.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Beside the incidental notices to be found in Stow, Maitland, and
+  Seymour, our correspondent must consult the Harleian MSS.; and if he will
+  turn to the Index volume at p. 294., he will find references to the
+  following companies:&mdash;Bakers', Drapers', Painters', Stainers',
+  Pinners', Scriveners', Skinners', Wax-chandlers', Wharfingers', Weavers',
+  and other miscellaneous notes relating to the city of London
+  generally.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Rousseau and Boileau.</i>&mdash;Are there any full and complete
+  English translations of Rousseau's <i>Confessions</i> and Boileau's
+  <i>Satires</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alledius.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The following translations have been published:&mdash;<i>The
+  Confessions of J.&nbsp;J. Rousseau</i>, in two Parts, London, 12mo., five
+  vols., 1790; Boileau's <i>Satires</i>, 8vo., 1808: see also his
+  <i>Works</i> made English by Mr. Ozell and others, two vols. 8vo.,
+  London, 1711-12, and three vols. 8vo., London, 1714.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Bishop Kennett's MS. Diary.</i>&mdash;Where is Bishop Kennett's MS.
+  Diary, from which his often-cited description of Dean Swift is taken, to
+  be found? <!-- Page 471 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page471"></a>{471}</span>Sir Walter Scott (Swift's <i>Works</i>,
+  vol. xvi. p. 76.) says "it was formerly in the possession of Lord
+  Lansdowne, and is now in the British Museum." I have never been able to
+  find it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. B.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The <i>Diary</i> here referred to by Sir Walter Scott will be found
+  at p. 428. in Lansdowne MS. 1024., which forms the third and last volume
+  of Bishop Kennett's "Materials for an Ecclesiastical History of
+  England."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>MILTON'S WIDOW.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., p. 596.; Vol. vii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375.)</p>
+
+  <p>It may be worth recording, that among the MS. papers of the late James
+  Boswell, which were I believe sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby and Co.,
+  there was the office copy and probate of the will of Milton's widow. She
+  was described as Elizabeth Milton of Namptwich, widow; and it was dated
+  the 27th of August, 1727. In the will she bequeathed all her effects,
+  after the payment of her debts, to be divided between her nieces and
+  nephews in Namptwich; and named as her executors, Samuel Acton and John
+  Allcock, Esqs. Probate was granted to John Allcock, October 10, 1727.</p>
+
+  <p>Beside this, there was a bond or acquittance, dated 1680 from Richard
+  Mynshull, described of Wistaston in Cheshire, frame-work knitter, for
+  100<i>l</i>. received of Mrs. Elizabeth Milton in consideration of a
+  transfer to her of a lease for lives, or ninety-nine years, of a messuage
+  at Brindley in Cheshire, held under Sir Thomas Wilbraham.</p>
+
+  <p>There were also receipts or releases from Milton's three daughters,
+  Anne Milton, Mary Milton, and Deborah Clarke (to the last of which
+  Abraham Clarke was a party): the first two dated Feb. 22, 1674; the last,
+  March 27 in the same year; for 100<i>l.</i> each, received of Elizabeth
+  Milton their step-mother in consideration of their shares of their
+  father's estate. The sums were, with the consent of Christopher Milton
+  and Richard Powell, both described of the Inner Temple, to be disposed of
+  in the purchase of rent-charges or annuities for the benefit of the said
+  daughters.</p>
+
+  <p>Two of these documents appear to be now in the possession of your
+  correspondents <span class="sc">Mr. Marsh</span> and <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Hughes</span>; but I have met with no mention hitherto of the destination
+  of the others.</p>
+
+  <p>These may seem trifling minuti� to notice, but nothing can fairly be
+  considered unimportant which may lead to the elucidation of the domestic
+  history of Milton.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Mickleham.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>OATHS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 364.)</p>
+
+  <p>There can be no doubt that, as your correspondent suggests, the
+  judicial oath was originally taken without kissing the book, but with the
+  form of laying the right hand upon it; and, moreover that this custom is
+  of Pagan origin. Amongst the Greeks, oaths were frequently accompanied by
+  sacrifice; and it was the custom to lay the hands upon the victim, or
+  upon the altar, thereby calling to witness the deity by whom the oath was
+  sworn. So Juvenal, <i>Sat.</i> <span class="scac">XIV</span>. 218.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Falsus erit testis, vendet perjuria summa</p>
+      <p>Exigua, et Cereris tangens aramque pedemque."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Christians under the later Roman emperors adopted from the Greeks a
+  similar ceremony. In the well-known case of Omychund <i>v.</i> Barker,
+  heard in Michaelmas Term, 1744, and reported in 1 Atk. 27., the
+  Solicitor-General quoted a passage from Selden, which gives us some
+  information on this point:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Mittimus hic, principibus Christianis, ut ex historiis satis obviis
+  liquet, solennia fuisse et peculiaria juramenta, ut per vultum sancti
+  Luc�, per pedem Christi, per sanctum hunc vel illum, ejusmodi alia nimis
+  crebra: <i>Inolevit hero tandem, ut quemadmodum Pagani sacris ac
+  mysteriis aliquo suis aut tactis aut pr�sentibus jurare solebant, ita
+  solenniora Christianorum juramenta fierent, aut tactis sacrosanctis
+  evangeliis, aut inspectis, aut in eorum pr�sentia manu ad pectus amota,
+  sublata aut protensa</i>; atque is corporaliter seu personaliter
+  juramentum pr�stari dictum est, ut ab juramentis per epistolam, aut in
+  scriptis solummodo pr�stitis distingueretur, inde in vulgi passim
+  ore."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Lord Coke tells us, in the passage quoted at p. 364., that this was
+  called the corporal oath, because the witness "toucheth with his hand
+  some part of the Holy Scripture;" but the better opinion seems to be,
+  that it was so called from the ancient custom of laying the hands upon
+  the <i>corporale</i>, or cloth which covered the sacred elements, by
+  which the most solemn oath was taken in Popish times.</p>
+
+  <p>As to the form of kissing the book, I am inclined to think that it is
+  not of earlier date than the latter part of the sixteenth century, and
+  that it was first prescribed as part of the ceremony of taking the oaths
+  of allegiance and supremacy. In the <i>Harl. Misc.</i>, vol. vi. p. 282.
+  (edit. 1810), is an account of the trial of Margaret Fell and George Fox,
+  for refusing to take the oath of allegiance, followed by "An Answer to
+  Bishop Lancelot Andrewe's Sermon concerning Swearing." At p 298., Fox
+  brings forward instances of conscientious scruples among Christians in
+  former times, respecting the taking of oaths. He says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Did not the Pope, when he had got up over the churches, give forth
+  both oath and curse, with bell, <!-- Page 472 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page472"></a>{472}</span>book, and candle? And was not the ceremony
+  of his oath, to lay three fingers a-top of the book, to signify the
+  Trinity; and two fingers under the book, to signify damnation of body and
+  soul if they sware falsely? And was not there a great number of people
+  that would not swear, and suffered great persecution, as read the <i>Book
+  of Martyrs</i> but to Bonner's days? And it is little above an hundred
+  years since the Protestants got up; and they gave forth the oath of
+  allegiance, and the oath of supremacy: the one was to deny the Pope's
+  supremacy, and the other to acknowledge the kings of England; <i>so we
+  need not tell to you of their form, and show you the ceremony of the
+  oath; it saith</i>, '<i>Kiss the book</i>;' and the book saith 'Kiss the
+  Son,' which saith 'Swear not at all.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Still the laying of the hand on the book seems to have been an
+  essential form; for, during the trial, when the oath was offered to
+  Margaret Fell, "the clerk held out the book, and bid her pull off her
+  glove, and lay her hand on the book" (<i>H.&nbsp;M.</i>, p. 285.). And
+  directly after, when the oath had been read to Fox, the following scene
+  is described:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"'Give him the book,' <i>said they</i>; and so a man that stood by him
+  held up the book, and said, 'Lay your hand on the book.'</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Geo. Fox.</i> 'Give me the book in my hand.' Which set them all
+  a-gazing, and as in hope he would have sworn."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And it appears from the case of Omychund v. Barker, that, at that
+  time, the usual form was by laying the right hand on the book, and
+  kissing it afterwards (1 Atk. 42.). It seems not improbable that Paley's
+  suggestion, in his <i>Moral Philosophy</i>, vol. i. p. 192. (10th edit.),
+  may be correct. He says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The kiss seems rather an act of reverence to the contents of the
+  book, as, in the Popish ritual, the priest kisses the gospel before he
+  reads it, than any part of the oath."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The Query respecting the Welsh custom I must leave to those who are
+  better informed respecting the judicial forms of that country; merely
+  suggesting whether the practice alluded to by your correspondent may not
+  originally have had a meaning similar to that of the three fingers on the
+  book, and two under, as described by Fox in the passage above quoted.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Erica.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Warwick.</p>
+
+  <p>In the bailiwick of Guernsey the person sworn lifts his right hand,
+  and the presiding judge, who administers the oath, says "Vous jurez par
+  la foi et le serment que vous devez � Dieu que," &amp;c. Oaths of office,
+  however, are taken on the Gospels, and are read to the person swearing by
+  the greffier, or clerk of the court. The reason of this difference may be
+  accounted for by the fact that the official oaths, as they now exist,
+  appear to have been drawn up about the beginning of the reign of James
+  I., and that in all probability the form was enjoined by the superior
+  authority of the Privy Council.</p>
+
+  <p>Which of the two forms was generally used before the Reformation, I
+  have not been able to discover; but in an account of the laws,
+  privileges, and customs of the island, taken by way of inquisition in the
+  year 1331, but more fully completed and approved in the year 1441, it
+  appears that the juries of the several parishes were sworn "sur Sainctes
+  Evangiles de Dieu par eulx et par chacun d'eulx corporellement
+  touch�,"&mdash;"par leurs consciences sur le peril de la dampnation de
+  leurs ames."</p>
+
+  <p>I remember to have seen men from some of the Baltic ports, when told
+  to lift their right hands to be sworn, double down the ring finger and
+  the little finger, as is done by bishops in the Roman Catholic Church
+  when giving the benediction.</p>
+
+  <p>In France the person making oath lifts his right hand. The oath is
+  administered by the presiding judge without any reference to the Deity,
+  but the person who swears is required to answer "Je le jure." I observed
+  that in Britanny, when the person sworn was ignorant of the French
+  language, the answer was "Va Dou�," which, I believe, means in the Breton
+  dialect, "By God."</p>
+
+  <p>In the Ecclesiastical Court of Guernsey I have seen the book presented
+  to the person swearing open at one of the Gospels; but in the Royal Court
+  the book is put into the right hand of the party making oath, shut. In
+  either case it is required that the book should be kissed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Honor� de Mareville.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Guernsey.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>COMMINATORY INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 64. 153.)</p>
+
+  <p>Many inscriptions, comminatory or exhortatory, written in books and
+  directed to readers, have been commemorated in "N. &amp; Q." Towards the
+  beginning of the present century, the most common epigram of the kind in
+  the French public schools was the following elegant motto, with its
+  accompanying illustration:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Aspice <i>Pierrot</i> pendu,</p>
+      <p>Quota librum n'a pas rendu!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Poor Pierrot is exhibited in a state of suspension, as hanging from
+  the inverted letter L (<span class="scac"><span
+  class="grk">&Gamma;</span></span>), which symbolises the fatal tree.
+  Comminatory and exhortatory cautions not to soil, spoil, or tear books
+  and MSS. occur so frequently in the records of monastic libraries, that a
+  whole album could easily be filled with them. The coquettish bishop,
+  Venantius Fortunatus, has a distich on the subject. Another learned Goth,
+  Theud-wulf, or Theodulfus, Charlemagne's <i>Missus dominicus</i>, <!--
+  Page 473 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page473"></a>{473}</span>recommends readers a proper ablution of
+  their hands before turning the consecrated leaves:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Utere me, lector, mentisque in sede locato;</p>
+      <p>Cumque librum petis hinc, sit tibi <i>lota</i> manus!"&mdash;<i>Saith Library.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Less lenient are the imprecations commemorated by Don Martenne and
+  Wanley. The one inscribed on the blank leaf of a Sacramentary of the
+  ninth century is to the following effect:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Si quis eum (librum) de monasterio aliquo ingenio non redditurus,
+  abstraxerit, cum Juda proditore, Ann� et Ca�ph�, portionem �tern�
+  damnationis accipiat. Amen! Amen! Fiat! fiat!"&mdash;<i>Voyage
+  Litt�raire</i>, p. 67.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>That is fierce and fiery, and in very earnest. A MS. of the Bodleian
+  bears this other inscription, to the same import:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Liber Sanct� Mari� de Ponte Roberti. Qui eum abstulerit aut
+  vendiderit ... aut quamlibet ejus partem absciderit, sit anathema
+  maranatha."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Canisius, in his <i>Antiqu� Lectiones</i> (<span
+  class="scac">I</span>. ii. p. 3. 320.), transcribes another comminatory
+  distich, copied from a MS. of the Saint Gall library:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Auferat hunc librum <i>nullus hinc</i>, omne per �vum,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Cum Gallo partem quisquis habere cupit!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Such recommendations are now no longer in use, and seem rather
+  excessive. But whoever has witnessed the extreme carelessness, not to say
+  improbity, of some of the readers admitted into the public continental
+  libraries, who scruple not to soil, spoil, and even purloin the most
+  precious and rare volumes, feels easily reconciled to the <i>anathema
+  maranatha</i> of the ninth and tenth centuries.</p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;Excuse my French-English.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Philar�te Chasles</span>, Mazarin�us.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Paris, Palais de l'Institut.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LIVERIES WORN, AND MENIAL SERVICES PERFORMED,
+BY GENTLEMEN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., p. 146.)</p>
+
+  <p>However remarkable the conduct of the rustic esquire of Downham may
+  appear in the present duly, when he accepted and wore the livery of his
+  neighbour the Knight-Baronet of Houghton Tower, it was a Common practice
+  for gentlemen of good birth and estate to accept and wear, and even to
+  assume without solicitation, upon state occasions, the livery of an
+  influential neighbour, friend, or relation, in testimony of respect and
+  affection for the giver of the livery.</p>
+
+  <p>Thus it appears in the Diary of Nicholas Assheton that, in 1617, to
+  the Court at Mirescough "Cooz Assheton came with his gentlemanlie
+  servants as anie was there," and that the retinue of menial servants in
+  attendance upon Sir Richard Houghton was graced by the presence of more
+  than one country gentleman of good family. Baines, in his <i>History of
+  Lancashire</i>, vol. ii. p. 366., also relates concerning Humphrey
+  Chetham, that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In 1635 he was nominated to serve the office of sheriff of the
+  county, and discharged the duties thereof with great honour, several
+  gentlemen of birth and estate attending and wearing his livery at the
+  assizes, to testify their respect and affection for him."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Evelyn, in his <i>Diary</i>, gives a similar account of the conduct of
+  "divers gentlemen and persons of quality" in the counties of Surrey and
+  Sussex:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"1634. My father was appointed sheriff for Surrey and Sussex before
+  they were disjoyned. He had 116 servants in liverys, every one livery'd
+  in greene sattin doublets. Divers gentlemen and persons of quality waited
+  on him in the same garbe and habit, which at that time (when thirty or
+  forty was the the usual retinue of the high sheriff) was esteemed a great
+  matter. Nor was this out of the least vanity that my father exceeded (who
+  was one of the greatest decliners of it); but because he could not refuse
+  the civility of his friends and relations, who voluntarily came
+  themselves, or sent in their servants."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The practice of assuming the livery of a relation or friend, and of
+  permitting servants also to wear it, appears to have existed in England
+  in the time of Richard II., and to have had the personal example of this
+  sovereign to support it. He seems, however, to have thereby excited the
+  disapprobation of many of his spiritual and temporal peers. I produce the
+  following passage with some hesitation, because it is by no means certain
+  that any one of the liveries thus assumed by Richard was a livery of
+  cloth:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"17<sup>th</sup> Richard II. <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1393-4.</p>
+
+  <p>"Richard Count d'Arundell puis le comencement de cest present
+  Parlement disoit au Roy, en presence des Achevesques de Canterbirs et
+  d'Everwyk, le Duc de Gloucestr', les Evesques de Wyncestre et Saresbirs,
+  le Count de Warrewyk et autres....</p>
+
+  <p>"Item <span class="over">q</span> le Roy deust porter la Livere de
+  coler le Duc de Guyene et de Lancastr'.</p>
+
+  <p>"Item <span class="over">q</span> gentz de retenue de Roi portent
+  mesme la Livere....</p>
+
+  <p>"A qei <span class="over">n</span>re S<span class="over">r</span> le
+  Roi alors respondi au dit Count ... <span class="over">q</span> bientot
+  apres la venue son dit uncle de Guyene quant il vient d'Espaign darrein
+  en Engleterre <span class="over">q</span> mesme <span
+  class="over">n</span>re S<span class="over">r</span> le Roi prist le
+  Coler du cool mesme son uncle et mist a son cool demesne et dist q'il
+  vorroit porter et user en signe de bon amour d'entier coer entre eux auxi
+  come il fait les Liveres ses autres uncles.</p>
+
+  <p>"Item (quant au tierce) <span class="over">n</span>re S<span
+  class="over">r</span> le Roi disoit <span class="over">q</span> ceo fuist
+  de counge de luy et de sa volunte <span class="over">q</span> gentz de sa
+  retenue portent et usent mesme la Livere de Coler."&mdash;<i>Rolls of
+  Parliament</i>, vol. iii. p. 313.</p>
+
+  <p>"Richard Earl of Arundel, after the commencement of this present
+  parliament, said to the King in the presence of the archbishops of
+  Canterbury and of York, <!-- Page 474 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page474"></a>{474}</span>the Duke of Gloucester, the Bishops of
+  Winchester and Salisbury, the Earl of Warwick, and others....</p>
+
+  <p>"Item. That the King uses to wear the livery of the collar of the Duke
+  of Guienne and of Lancaster.</p>
+
+  <p>"Item. That persons of the retinue of the King wear the same
+  livery.</p>
+
+  <p>"To which our lord the King then answered to the said earl....</p>
+
+  <p>"That soon after the coming of his said uncle of Guienne, when he came
+  from Spain last into England, that himself our lord the King took the
+  collar from the neck of the same his uncle and put it on his own neck,
+  and said that he vowed to wear and to use it in sign of good love of
+  whole heart between them also, as he did the liveries of his other
+  uncles.</p>
+
+  <p>"Item (as to the third). Our lord the King said that it was by leave
+  from him, and by his wish, that persons of his retinue wear and use the
+  same livery of the collar."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This practice of one of our early sovereigns seems to afford a
+  precedent for the mode in which divers gentlemen and persons of quality
+  voluntarily showed civility towards Richard Evelyn, and for that in which
+  several gentlemen of birth and estate testified their respect and
+  affection for Humphrey Chetham. Nicholas Assheton also appears to have
+  the support of this royal precedent in so far as relates to his accepting
+  and wearing the livery of a friend and neighbour; and the custom of his
+  day evidently lends its sanction to his forming, upon a state occasion,
+  one of the body of menial servants in attendance upon Sir Richard
+  Houghton, when he went to meet the king.</p>
+
+  <p>Another passage in the <i>Rolls of Parliament</i> seems to afford a
+  respectable civic precedent for the services performed by Nicholas
+  Assheton and other liveried gentlemen, when they waited at the lords'
+  table at Houghton Tower:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"11<sup>th</sup> Edward III. <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1337.</p>
+
+  <p>"A <span class="over">n</span>re Seigneur le Roy et a son conseil
+  monstre Richard de Bettoyne de Loundres, qe come au Coronement <span
+  class="over">n</span>re Seigneur le Roy <span class="over">q</span> ore
+  est il adonge Meire de Loundres fesoit l'office de Botiller ove <span
+  class="scac">CCC</span> e <span class="scac">LX</span> vadletz vestutz
+  d'une sute chescun portant en sa mayn un coupe blanche d'argent come
+  autres Meirs de Loundres ountz faitz as Coronementz des <a
+  href="images/crossp.png"><img src="images/crossp.png" class="middle"
+  style="height:1.5ex" alt="crossed p" /></a>genitours nostre Seigneur le
+  Roy dont memoire ne court pars et le fee q appendoit a cel jorne c'est
+  asavoir un coupe d'or ove la covercle et un ewer d'or enamaille lui fust
+  livere <a href="images/crossp.png"><img src="images/crossp.png"
+  class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="crossed p" /></a> assent du
+  Counte de Lancastre et d'autres Grantz qu'adonges y furent du Conseil
+  nostre Seigneur le Roy <a href="images/crossp.png"><img
+  src="images/crossp.png" class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="crossed
+  p" /></a> la mayn Sire Ro&#x180;t de Wodehouse et ore vient en estreite
+  as Viscountes de Londres hors del Chekker de faire lever des Biens et
+  Chateux du dit Richard xx/iiii ix<i>li.</i> xii<i>s.</i> vi<i>d.</i> pur
+  le fee avant dit dont il prie qe remedie lui soit ordeyne.</p>
+
+  <p>"Et le Meire et Citoyens d'Oxenford ount <a
+  href="images/crossp.png"><img src="images/crossp.png" class="middle"
+  style="height:1.5ex" alt="crossed p" /></a> point de chartre q'ils
+  vendront a Londres l'Encorronement d'eyder le Meire de Loundres pur
+  servir a la fest et toutz jours l'ount usee. Et si i plest a <span
+  class="over">n</span>re Seigneur le Roy et a son Conseil nous payerons
+  volonters la fee issent qe nous soyons descharges de la
+  service."&mdash;<i>Rolls of Parliament</i>, vol. ii. p. 96.</p>
+
+  <p>"To our lord the King and to his Council sheweth Richard de Bettoyne
+  of London, that whereas at the coronation of our lord the King that now
+  is, he their mayor of London performed the office of butler with three
+  hundred and sixty valets clothed of one suit each, bearing in his hand a
+  white cup of silver, as other mayors of London have done at the
+  coronations of the progenitors of our lord the King, whereof memory
+  runneth not, and the fee which appertained to this day's work, that is to
+  wit, a cup of gold with the cover, and a ewer of gold enamelled, were
+  delivered to him by assent of the Earl of Lancaster, and of the other
+  grandees who then there were of the council of our lord the King, by the
+  hand of Sire Robert de Wodehouse, and now comes in estreat to the
+  viscounts of London out of the Checquer, to cause to take the goods and
+  chattels of the said Richard, eighty-nine pounds twelve shillings and
+  sixpence, for the fee aforesaid, whereof he prays that remedy be ordained
+  to him.</p>
+
+  <p>"And the mayor and citizens of Oxford have, by point of charter, that
+  they shall come to London to the coronation, to help the mayor of London
+  to serve at the feast, and always have so done. And if it please our lord
+  the King and his Council, we will pay willingly the fee, provided that we
+  be discharged of the service."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>There can be little doubt that the citizens of Oxford bore their own
+  travelling expenses; and it seems probable that the citizens of London
+  and Oxford bore the cost of the three hundred and sixty suits of clothes
+  and three hundred and sixty silver cups; but this is scarcely sufficient
+  to account for their willingness to pay a sum of money equivalent to
+  about fifteen hundred pounds in the present day, in order to be relieved
+  from the honourable service of waiting clothed in uniform, each with a
+  silver cup in his hand, helping the Mayor of London to perform the office
+  of butler at coronation feasts. However this may be, it is still somewhat
+  remarkable that, in the seventeenth century, Nicholas Assheton of
+  Downham, Esq., and other gentlemen of Lancashire, upon a less important
+  occasion than a coronation feast, dressed in the livery of Sir Richard
+  Houghton and voluntarily attended, day after day, at the lords' table at
+  Houghton Tower, and served the lords with biscuit, wine, and Jelly.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Lewelyn Curtis.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FEMALE PARISH CLERKS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 338.)</p>
+
+  <p>The cases of Rex <i>v.</i> Stubbs and Olive <i>v.</i> Ingram,
+  mentioned in the following extracts from Prideaux's <i>Guide to
+  Churchwardens</i>, p. 4., may be of service:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Generally speaking, all persons <i>inhabitants</i> of the parish are
+  liable to serve the office of churchwarden, <!-- Page 475 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page475"></a>{475}</span>and from the cases of
+  Rex <i>v.</i> Stubbs (2 T.&nbsp;R. 395.; 1 Bott. 10.), in which it was held
+  that a woman is not exempt from serving the office of overseer of the
+  poor, and Olive <i>v.</i> Ingram (2 Str. 1114.), in which it was held
+  that she may be a parish sexton, there may, perhaps, be some ground for
+  contending a woman is not exempt from this duty."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Russell Gole.</span></p>
+
+  <p>A few years ago (she may still be so) there was a gentlewoman the
+  parish clerk of some church in London; perhaps some of your readers may
+  be able to say where: a deputy officiated, excepting occasionally. But
+  many such instances have occurred.</p>
+
+  <p>In a note in Prideaux's <i>Directions to Churchwardens</i> (late
+  edition), the following references are given as to the power of women to
+  fill parochial and other such offices: Rex <i>v.</i> Stubbs, 2 T.&nbsp;R.
+  359.; Olive <i>v.</i> Ingram, 2 Strange, 1114.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Rectory, Clyst St. George.</p>
+
+  <p>I beg to inform Y. S. M. that when I went to reside near Lincoln in
+  1828, a woman was clerk to the parish of Sudbrooke, and died in that
+  capacity a very few years after. I do not remember her name at this
+  moment, but I could get all particulars if required on my return to
+  Sudbrooke Holme.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rich. Ellison.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Balmoral Hotel, Broadstairs, Kent.</p>
+
+  <p>I am able to mention another instance of a woman acting as parish
+  clerk at Ickburgh, in the county of Norfolk. It is the parish to
+  Buckenham Hall, the seat of the Honourable Francis Baring, near Thetford.
+  A woman there has long officiated as parish clerk, and still continues
+  acting in that capacity.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. R.</p>
+
+  <p>I beg to refer Y. S. M. to the following passage Madame d'Arblay's
+  <i>Diary</i>, vol. v. p. 246.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"There was at Collumpton only a poor wretched ragged woman, a female
+  clerk, to show us this church: she pays a man for doing the duty, while
+  she receives the salary in right of her deceased husband!"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">M. L. G.</p>
+
+  <p>At Misterton, near Crewkerne, in Somersetshire, Mary Mounford was
+  clerk for more than thirty years. She gave up the office about the year
+  1832, and is now in Beaminster Union, just eighty-nine years old.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Herbert L. Allen.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., p. 112.)</p>
+
+  <p>To the one hundred and ten epithets poetically applied to the
+  nightingale and its song, collected by <span class="sc">Mr. Bede</span>,
+  permit me to add sixty-five more.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Azure-crested.</i> Cowper.</p>
+      <p><i>Bewailing.</i> Drummond.</p>
+      <p><i>Chaunting.</i> Skelton.</p>
+      <p><i>Chaste poet.</i> Grainger.</p>
+      <p><i>Dappled.</i> Anon.<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
+      <p><i>Darling.</i> Carey.</p>
+      <p><i>Daulian minstrel.</i> Herrick.</p>
+      <p><i>Delightful.</i> Shelley.</p>
+      <p><i>Dusky-brown.</i> Trench.</p>
+      <p><i>Early.</i> C. Smith.</p>
+      <p><i>Elegiac.</i> Dibdin.</p>
+      <p><i>Enamoured.</i> Shelley.</p>
+      <p><i>Fabled.</i> Byron.</p>
+      <p><i>Fair.</i> Smart.</p>
+      <p><i>Greeful.</i><a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> Lodge.</p>
+      <p><i>Gurgling.</i> Lloyd.</p>
+      <p><i>Hallow'd.</i> Moore.</p>
+      <p><i>Hundred-throated.</i> Tennyson.</p>
+      <p><i>Invisible.</i> Hurdis.</p>
+      <p><i>Lesbian.</i> Bromley.</p>
+      <p><i>Love-learned.</i> Thomson.</p>
+      <p><i>Love-sick.</i> Warton.</p>
+      <p><i>Loud-complaining.</i> Gibbons.</p>
+      <p><i>Lulling.</i> Anon.<a name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a></p>
+      <p><i>Lute-tongued.</i> Anon.<a name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p>
+      <p><i>Mellow.</i> Strangford.</p>
+      <p><i>Midnight minstrel.</i> Logan.</p>
+      <p><i>Moody.</i> Hurdis.</p>
+      <p><i>Nightly.</i> Bidlake.</p>
+      <p><i>Pandionian.</i> Drummond.</p>
+      <p><i>Panged.</i> Hood.</p>
+      <p><i>Pitiful.</i> Herrick.</p>
+      <p><i>Plaintful.</i> Drummond.</p>
+      <p><i>Quavering.</i> Poole.</p>
+      <p><i>Querulous.</i> Kennedy.</p>
+      <p><i>Rapturous.</i> Southey.</p>
+      <p><i>Rural.</i> Dryden.</p>
+      <p><i>Sable.</i><a name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Drummond.</p>
+      <p><i>Sadly-pleasing.</i><a name="footnotetag7" href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> Anon.</p>
+      <p><i>Secret.</i> Shelley.</p>
+      <p><i>Sely.</i> Chaucer.</p>
+      <p><i>Sequestered.</i> J. Montgomery.</p>
+      <p><i>Shy.</i> Dallas.</p>
+      <p><i>Silver-tuned.</i> Carey.</p>
+      <p><i>Simple.</i> Derrick.</p>
+      <p><i>Sobbing.</i> Planch�.</p>
+      <p><i>Soft-tuned.</i> Whaley.</p>
+      <p><i>Solitary.</i> Bowring.</p>
+      <p><i>Sorrow-soothing.</i> Shaw.</p>
+      <p><i>Sprightly.</i> Elton.</p>
+      <p><i>Sweet-breasted.</i> Beaumont and Fletcher.</p>
+      <p><i>Sweet-tongued.</i> Anon.<a name="footnotetag8" href="#footnote8"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p>
+      <p><i>Sylvan syren.</i> Pattison.</p>
+      <p><i>Tearful.</i> Potter.</p>
+      <p><i>Tenderest.</i> Wiffen.</p>
+      <p><i>Thracian.</i> Lewis.</p>
+      <p><i>Transporting.</i> Hurdis.</p>
+      <p><i>Unadorned.</i> Hurdis.</p>
+      <p><i>Unhappy.</i> Croxall.</p>
+      <p><i>Watchful.</i> Philips.</p>
+      <p><i>Witching.</i> Proctor.</p>
+      <p><i>Woodland.</i> Smith.</p>
+      <p><i>Wretched.</i> Shirley.</p>
+      <p><i>Wronged.</i> P. Fletcher.</p>
+      <p><i>Yearly.</i> Drayton.</p>
+      <p><i>Young.</i> Lewis.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The character of the mere song alone has been described in the
+  following terms:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Melodious lay.</i> Potter.</p>
+      <p><i>Lofty song.</i> Yalden.</p>
+      <p><i>A storm of sound.</i> Shelley.</p>
+      <p><i>Impressive lay.</i> Merry.</p>
+      <p><i>Swelling slow.</i> Kirk White.</p>
+      <p><i>Tremulously slow.</i> C. Smith.</p>
+      <p><i>Wild melody.</i> Shelley.</p>
+      <p><i>Thick melodious note.</i> Lloyd.</p>
+      <p><i>Hymn of lore.</i> Logan.</p>
+      <p><i>Melting lay.</i> Henley.</p>
+      <p><i>Harmonious woe.</i> Pomfret.</p>
+      <p><i>Well-tuned warble.</i> Shakspeare.</p>
+<!-- Page 476 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page476"></a>{476}</span>
+      <p><i>Luscious lays.</i> Warton.</p>
+      <p><i>Sadly sweet.</i> Potter.</p>
+      <p><i>Varied strains.</i> Pope.</p>
+      <p><i>Thick-warbled notes.</i> Milton.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ham.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1838.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I regard the prettie, greeful bard</p>
+      <p>With tearfull, yet delightfull, notes complaine."&mdash;<i>Heliconia.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+  <p>Lays of the Minnesingers.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+  <p>Weekly Visitor, July, 1835.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+  <p>"Night's sable birds, which plain when others
+  sleep."&mdash;<i>Thaumantia.</i></p>
+
+  <a name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a>
+  <p>Evening Elegy.&mdash;<i>Poetical Calendar.</i></p>
+
+  <a name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a>
+  <p>Harleian Miscellany, vol. viii.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Photographic Exhibition.</i>&mdash;We understand that the
+  Photographic Society has made arrangements for an exhibition of
+  photographs in the metropolis during the months of January and February
+  next. The exhibition will not be confined to the works of native
+  photographers, but will comprise specimens of the most eminent foreign
+  artists, who have been specially invited to contribute. From the advances
+  which have been made in this favourite art, even since the recent
+  exhibition in the rooms of the Society of Arts, we may confidently
+  anticipate that the display on the present occasion will be one of the
+  highest interest.</p>
+
+  <p><i>How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  scientific correspondents furnish me with an approximation to the
+  quantity of light which is transmitted through an ordinary double
+  achromatic lens, say of Ross, Voightlander, or any other celebrated
+  maker?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Lux.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Stereoscopic Articles.</i>&mdash;I cannot agree to my opponent's
+  assumed amendment (?) (Vol. viii., p. 419.) <i>space</i>, for the simple
+  reason that it would be virtually abandoning the whole of the points in
+  dispute between us; when farther discussion and more mature
+  consideration, only tend to convince me more firmly of the correctness of
+  the propositions I have advocated, viz.:</p>
+
+  <p>1st. That circumstances <i>may</i> and <i>do</i> arise in which a
+  better result is obtained in producing stereographs, when the chord of
+  the angle of generation is more or less than 2� inches.</p>
+
+  <p>2nd. That the positions of the camera should <i>not</i> be parallel
+  but radial.</p>
+
+  <p>I certainly thought that I had, as I intended, expressed the fact that
+  I treat the cameras <i>precisely as two eyes</i>, and moreover I still
+  contend that they should be so treated; my object being to present to
+  each eye <i>exactly such a picture and in such a direction as would be
+  presented under certain circumstances</i>. The plane of delineation being
+  a flat, instead of a curved surface, has nothing whatever to do with this
+  point, because the curves of the retinas are not portions of one curve
+  having a common centre, but each having its own centre in the axis of the
+  pupil. That a plane surface for receiving the image is not so good as a
+  spherical one would be, is not disputed; but this observation applies to
+  photographs <i>universally</i>, and is only put up with as the lesser of
+  two evils. A plane surface necessarily contracts the field of view to
+  such a space as could be cut out of the periphery of a hollow sphere, the
+  versed sine of which bears but a small ratio to its chord.</p>
+
+  <p>There is another misunderstanding into which my opponent has fallen,
+  viz. the part of the object to be delineated, which should form the
+  centre of radiation, is not the most contiguous visible point, but the
+  most remote principal point of observation. I perceive that this is the
+  case from two illustrations he was kind enough to forward me, being
+  stereographs of a <a href="images/tsquare.png"><img
+  src="images/tsquare.png" class="middle" style="height:1.5ex"
+  alt="T-square" /></a> square, placed with the points of junction towards
+  the observer, and the tail receding from him; and in one case the angle
+  of the square is made the centre of radiation, and while its distance
+  from the camera is only six feet, the points of delineation are no less
+  than three feet apart.</p>
+
+  <p>To push an argument to the extreme to test its value, is quite right;
+  but this goes far beyond the extreme, if I may be allowed such a very
+  Hibernian expression.</p>
+
+  <p>No object, however minute, can be clearly seen if brought nearer to
+  the eyes than a certain point, because it will be what is technically
+  called out of focus. It is true that this point differs in different
+  individuals, but the <i>average distance</i> of healthy vision is 10
+  inches. Now, adopting <span class="sc">Mr. Merritt's</span> own standard
+  of 2� inches between the eyes, it is clear that supposing the central
+  point had been rightly selected, the distance between the cameras was
+  <i>only double</i> what might have been taken an extreme distance. It is
+  scarcely necessary to suggest what a person devoid of taste (in which
+  category I am no doubt included) might do in producing monstrosities by
+  adopting the radial method, as such an one is not very likely to produce
+  good results at all.</p>
+
+  <p>I now address myself to another accusation. It is quite true that I am
+  unacquainted with the <i>scholastic dogmas</i> of perspective, but
+  equally true that I am familiar with <i>the facts</i> thereof, as any one
+  must be who has studied optical and geometrical science generally; and
+  while I concur in the propositions as enunciated for a one-eyed picture,
+  I by no means agree to the assumption that the "vanishing points," in the
+  two stereographs taken radially with the necessary precautions, "would be
+  so far apart, that they could not in the stereoscope flow into one;" on
+  the contrary, direct experiment shows me, what reason also suggests, that
+  they do flow into one as <i>completely as in nature when viewed by both
+  eyes</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>I put the proposition thus, because I do not hesitate to avow that in
+  nature, as interpreted by binocular vision, these points do not
+  <i>absolutely</i>, but only approximately, flow <i>into one</i>;
+  otherwise one eye would be as effective as two.</p>
+
+  <p>I have not the smallest objection to my views being considered "false
+  to art," as, alas! her fidelity to nature is by no means beyond
+  suspicion. <!-- Page 477 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page477"></a>{477}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Lastly, as to the model-like appearance of stereographs taken at a
+  large angle, for the fact I need only refer the objector to most of the
+  beautiful foreign views now so abundant in our opticians' shops: for the
+  reason, is it not palpable that increasing the width of the eyes is
+  analogous to decreasing the size of the object? and if naturally we
+  cannot "perceive at one view three sides of a cake, two heads of a drum,
+  nor any other like absurdity," it is only because we do not use objects
+  sufficiently <i>small</i> to permit us to do so. Even while I am writing
+  this, I have before me a small rectangular inkholder about 1� inches
+  square, and distant from my eyes about one foot, in which the very absurd
+  phenomenon complained of does exist, the front, top, and <i>both</i>
+  sides being perfectly visible at once: and being one of those obstinate
+  fellows who will persist in judging personally from experience if
+  possible, I fear I shall be found incorrigible on the points on which
+  your correspondent has so kindly endeavoured to enlighten me.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>To introduce Clouds</i> (Vol. viii., p. 451.) as desired by your
+  correspondent <span title="S" class="grk">&Sigma;</span>., the negative
+  must be treated in the sky by solution of cyanide of potassium laid on in
+  the form desired with a camel's hair pencil. This discharges a portion of
+  the reduced silver, and allows the light to penetrate; but great care is
+  required to stop the action by well washing in water before the process
+  has gone too far. White clouds are produced by painting them in with a
+  black pigment mixed in size.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Death of Edward II.</i> (Vol. viii., p. 387.).&mdash;P. C. S. S.
+  has noticed with considerable surprise the very strange assertion of
+  <span class="sc">Mr. C.&nbsp;M. Ingleby</span> with reference to the murder of
+  Edward II. at Berkeley Castle, viz. that "Echard and Rapin are silent,
+  both as to the event and the locality." If <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Ingleby</span> will again refer to Echard (vol. i. p. 341., edit. 1718)
+  and to Rapin (vol. iii. p. 147., edit. 1749), he will perceive that the
+  two historians record "both the event and the locality."</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> did not perhaps consider that the
+  transaction in question took place during the reign of Edward III.; and
+  is, therefore, not to be sought for at the close of that of Edward
+  <i>II.</i> (where probably <span class="sc">Mr. C.&nbsp;M. Ingleby</span>
+  looked for it), but among the occurrences in the time of Edward
+  <i>III.</i> <span class="sc">Mr. C.&nbsp;M. Ingleby</span> will assuredly find
+  it there, not only in Echard and Rapin, but in every other History of
+  England since the date of the "event."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. C. S. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Luther no Iconoclast</i> (Vol. viii., p. 335.).&mdash;An occasional
+  contributor wishes the Editor to note down this Query. What could have
+  led your correspondent <span class="sc">J.&nbsp;G. Fitch</span> to use so
+  peculiarly inappropriate a synonym for Martin Luther as "the great
+  Iconoclast?" Has he any historical evidence for Luther's breaking a
+  single image?</p>
+
+  <p>It is not to defend Luther, but to point out a defect in his teaching,
+  as it is regarded by the adherents of other Protestant churches, that Dr.
+  Maclaine has said, in his note on Book <span class="scac">IV</span>. ch.
+  i. � 18. of Mosheim:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is evident, from several passages in the writings of Luther, that
+  he was by no means averse to the use of images, but that, on the
+  contrary, he looked upon them as adapted to excite and animate the
+  devotion of the people."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mosheim, and Merle D'Aubign�, and probably any other historian of the
+  Reformation in Germany, may be cited as witnesses for the notorious fact,
+  that Carlstadt excited the citizens of Wittemberg to break the images in
+  their churches when Luther was concealed in the Castle of Wartburg, and
+  that he rebuked and checked these proceedings on his return. See Mosheim,
+  as cited before, or D'Aubign�, book <span class="scac">IX.</span> ch.
+  vii. and viii.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rev. Urban Vigors</i> (Vol. viii., p. 340.).&mdash;My
+  great-great-grandmother was a sister of Bishop Vigors, who was
+  consecrated to the see of Leighlin and Ferns, March 8, 1690. He, I know,
+  was a near relative of the Rev. Urban Vigors. An Urban Vigors of
+  Ballycormack, co. Wexford, also married my great-great-aunt, a Miss
+  Thomas, sister of Vigors Thomas, Esq., of Limerick. I should, equally
+  with your correspondent Y.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;M., wish to know any particulars of the
+  "Vigors" family; and should be delighted to enter into correspondence
+  with him.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sloane Sloane-Evans</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Portrait of Baretti</i> (Vol. <span class="scac">VIII.</span>, p.
+  411.).&mdash;In reply to <span class="sc">Mr. G.&nbsp;R. Corner's</span> Query
+  regarding Sir Joshua Reynolds' picture of Baretti, I can give him the
+  information he requires.</p>
+
+  <p>This very interesting portrait is now at my brother's, Holland House,
+  Kensington.</p>
+
+  <p>My late father, Lord Holland, had a pretty picture of the late Lord
+  Hertford's mother (I believe), or some near relation of his. Not being
+  connected with that family, my father offered it to Lord Hertford,
+  leaving it to his lordship to give him such picture as he might choose in
+  exchange. Some time afterwards this portrait of Baretti was sent, and was
+  much prized and admired. It represents Baretti reading a small book,
+  which he holds close to his face with both hands; he is in a white coat,
+  and the whole carries with it a certainty of resemblance. This occurred
+  about twenty-five years ago. Perhaps it may interest your readers to
+  learn that our distinguished <!-- Page 478 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page478"></a>{478}</span>painter, Watts, painted for my brother,
+  Lord Holland, a portrait of another distinguished Italian, Mr. Panizzi,
+  and pendant to the former. He is represented leaning forward and writing,
+  and the likeness is very striking.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Fox.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Addison Road.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Sophocles.</i>&mdash;In Vol. viii., p. 73., appears an
+  article by <span class="sc">Mr. Buckton</span>, in which he quotes the
+  following conclusion of a passage in Sophocles:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"<span title="Hot�i phrenas" class="grk">&#x1F4D;&tau;&#x1FF3; &phi;&rho;&#x1F73;&nu;&alpha;&sigmaf;</span></p>
+      <p><span title="Theos agei pros atan;" class="grk">&Theta;&epsilon;&#x1F78;&sigmaf; &#x1F04;&gamma;&epsilon;&iota; &pi;&rho;&#x1F78;&sigmaf; &#x1F04;&tau;&alpha;&nu;&#x387;</span></p>
+      <p><span title="Prassein d' oligoston chronon ektos atas." class="grk">&Pi;&rho;&#x1F71;&sigma;&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&nu; &delta;' &#x1F40;&lambda;&iota;&gamma;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;&#x1F78;&nu; &chi;&rho;&#x1F79;&nu;&omicron;&nu; &#x1F10;&kappa;&tau;&#x1F78;&sigmaf; &#x1F04;&tau;&alpha;&sigmaf;.</span>"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>This, <span title="petr�i stathm�n harmoz�n" class="grk"
+  >&pi;&#x1F73;&tau;&rho;&#x1FF3; &sigma;&tau;&#x1F71;&theta;&mu;&eta;&nu;
+  &#x1F01;&rho;&mu;&#x1F79;&zeta;&omega;&nu;</span>, he
+  translates,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Whose mind the God leads to destruction; <i>but that he</i> (<i>the
+  God</i>) practises this a short time without destroying such an one."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>But for the Italics it might have been an oversight: they would seem
+  to imply he has some authority for his translation. I have no edition of
+  Sophocles by me to discover, but surely no critical scholar can acquiesce
+  in it. The only <i>active</i> sense of <span title="prassein" class="grk"
+  >&pi;&rho;&#x1F71;&sigma;&sigma;&epsilon;&iota;&nu;</span> I remember at
+  the moment is <i>to exact</i>. It surely should be translated, "<i>And
+  he, whom the God so leads to</i> <span title="at�" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F04;&tau;&eta;</span>, <i>fares</i> a <i>very</i> short time without
+  it." The best translation of <span title="at�" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F04;&tau;&eta;</span> is, perhaps, <i>infatuation</i>. Moreover, how
+  is the above translation reconciled with the very superlative <span
+  title="oligoston" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F40;&lambda;&#x1F77;&gamma;&omicron;&sigma;&tau;&omicron;&nu;</span>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Brothers of the same Name</i> (Vol. viii., p. 338.).&mdash;It is
+  not unusual in old pedigrees to find two brothers or two sisters with the
+  same Christian name; but it is unusual to find more than two living at
+  the same time with only one Christian name between them: this, however,
+  occurs in the family of Gawdy of Gawdy Hall, Norfolk. Thos. Gawdy married
+  three wives, and by each had a son Thomas. The eldest was a
+  serjeant-at-law, and died in 1556. The second was a judge of the Queen's
+  Bench, and died in November, 1587 or 1588. The third is known as Sir
+  Francis Gawdy, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas; but he also was
+  baptized by the name of Thomas. Lord Coke, who succeeded him as Chief
+  Justice, says (Co. Lit. 3. a.):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after at his
+  confirmation by the bishop he is named John, he may purchase by his name
+  of confirmation; and this was the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, late C.&nbsp;J.
+  of C.&nbsp;B., whose name of baptism was Thomas, and his name of confirmation
+  Francis; and that name of Francis, by the advice of all the judges in
+  anno 36 Henry VIII. (1544-5), he did bear and after used in all his
+  purchases and grants."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The opportunity afforded by the Roman Catholic Church of thus changing
+  the baptismal name may help to account for this practice, which probably
+  arose from a desire to continue the particular name in the family. If one
+  of two sons with the same name of baptism died in childhood, the other
+  continued the name: if both lived, one of them might change his name at
+  confirmation. There is no name given at confirmation according to the
+  form of the Church of England.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>High Dutch and Low Dutch</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  413.).&mdash;Considerable misapprehension appears to have arisen with
+  regard to these expressions, from the fact of the German word
+  <i>Deutsch</i> being sometimes erroneously understood to mean Dutch. But
+  German scholars very well know that in Germany nothing is more common
+  than to speak of <i>Hoch Deutsch</i> and <i>Nieder Deutsch</i> (High
+  German and Low German), as applied respectively to that language when
+  grammatically spoken and correctly pronounced, and to the bad grammar and
+  worse pronunciation indulged in by many of the provincials, and also by
+  the lower class of people in some of the towns where High German is
+  supposed to prevail. Thus, for examples Dresden is regarded as the
+  head-quarters of <i>Hoch Deutsch</i>, because there the language is
+  spoken and pronounced with the most purity: Berlin, also, as regards the
+  well-educated classes, boasts of the <i>Hoch Deutsch</i>; but the common
+  people (das Volk) of the Prussian capital indulge in a dialect called
+  <i>Nieder Deutsch</i>, and speak and pronounce the language as though
+  they were natives of some remote province. Now, the instance of Berlin I
+  take to be a striking illustration of the meaning of these expressions,
+  as both examples are comprised in the case of this city.</p>
+
+  <p>The German word for "German" is <i>Deutsch</i>; for "Dutch" the German
+  is <i>Holl�ndisch</i>; and I presume it is from the similarity of
+  <i>Deutsch</i> and <i>Dutch</i> that this common error is so frequently
+  committed. For the future let it be remembered, that <i>Dutch</i> is a
+  term which has no relation whatever to German; and that "High German" is
+  that language spoken and written in its purity, "Low German" all the
+  dialects and mispronunciations which do not come up to the standard of
+  correctness.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Spence Harry.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">8. Arthur Street.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Translations of the Prayer Book into French</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  382.; Vol. viii., p. 343.).&mdash;Besides the editions already mentioned,
+  a 4to. one was published at London in 1689, printed by R. Everingham, and
+  sold by R. Bentley and M. Magnes. Prefixed to it is the placet of the
+  king, dated 6th October, 1662, with the subsequent approbation of
+  Stradling, chaplain to Gilbert (Sheldon), Bishop of London, dated 6th
+  April, 1663.</p>
+
+  <p>It seems ("N. &amp; Q.," Vol. vii., p. 92.) that a <!-- Page 479
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page479"></a>{479}</span>copy is in the
+  British Museum; one is also in my possession.</p>
+
+  <p>I presume that there were other editions between the years 1663 and
+  1689.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Divining-rod</i> (Vol. viii., p. 293.).&mdash;For a full account of
+  the divining rod see <i>La Physique occulte, ou Trait� de la Baguette
+  Divinatoire, &amp;c.</i>, par P�re L. de Vallemont, a work by no means
+  uncommon, having passed through several editions. Mine is "� Paris, chez
+  Jean Boudot, avec priv. 1709, in 12<sup>o</sup>. avec figures," with the
+  addition of a "Trait� de la Connoissance des Causes Magn�tiques, &amp;c.,
+  par un Curieux."</p>
+
+  <p>A Cornish lady informs me that the Cornish miners to this day use the
+  divining-rod in the way represented in fig. 1. of the above-mentioned
+  work.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. J. R.</p>
+
+  <p>In the 351st number of the <i>Monthly Magazine</i>, dated March 1st,
+  1821, there is a letter to the editor from W. Partridge, dated Boxbridge,
+  Gloucester, giving several instances of his having successfully used the
+  divining-rod for the purpose of discovering water. He says the gift is
+  not possessed by more than one in two thousand, and attributes the power
+  to electricity. Those persons in whose hands it will work must possess a
+  redundancy of that fluid. He also states that metals are discovered by
+  the same means.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">K. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Slow-worm Superstition</i> (Vol. vii., p. 33.).&mdash;The belief
+  that the slow-worm cannot die until sunset prevails in Dorsetshire. In
+  the New Forest the same superstition exists with regard to the brown
+  adder. Walking in the heathy country between Beaulieu and Christ Church I
+  saw a very large snake of this kind, recently beaten to death by the
+  peasant boys, and on remarking that the lower jaw continued to move
+  convulsively, I was told it would do so "till the moon was up."</p>
+
+  <p>An aged woman, now deceased, who had when young been severely bitten
+  by a snake, told me she always felt a severe pain and swelling near where
+  the wound had been, on the anniversary of the occurrence. Is this common?
+  and can it be accounted for?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. E.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Pimperne, Dorset.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ravailliac</i> (Vol. viii., p. 219.).&mdash;The destruction of the
+  pyramid erected at Paris upon the murder of Henry IV., is mentioned by
+  Thuanus, <i>Hist.</i>, lib. 134. cap. 9. In your correspondent's Query,
+  <i>Thesaur.</i> is, I presume, misprinted for Thuan.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lines on the Institution of the Garter</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  182.).&mdash;A.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;R. says, "as also from the proverbial expression used
+  in Scotland, and to be found in Scott's <i>Works</i>, of 'casting a
+  leggin girth,' as synonymous with a female 'faux pas.'" I may mention to
+  your correspondent (if he is not already aware) that the expression is
+  taken from Allan Ramsay's continuation of <i>Christ's Kirk on the
+  Green</i> (edit. Leith, 1814, 1 vol. p. 101.):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Or bairns can read, they first maun spell,</p>
+      <p class="i1">I learn'd this frae my mammy;</p>
+      <p>And <i>coost a legen girth</i> mysell,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Lang or I married Tammie."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>and is explained by the author in a note, "Like a tub that loses one
+  of its bottom hoops." In the west of Scotland the phrase is now
+  restricted to a young woman who has had an illegitimate child, or what is
+  more commonly termed "a misfortune," and it is probable never had another
+  meaning. <i>Legen</i> or <i>leggen</i> is not understood to have any
+  affinity in its etymology to the word <i>leg</i>, but is <i>laggen</i>,
+  that part of the staves which projects from the bottom of the barrel, or
+  of the child's <i>luggie</i>, out of which he sups his oatmeal
+  <i>parritch</i>; and the <i>girth</i>, <i>gird</i>, or hoop, that by
+  which the vessel at this particular place is firmest bound together.
+  Burns makes a fine and emphatic use of the word <i>laggen</i> in the
+  "Birthday Address," in speaking of the "Royal lasses dainty"
+  (<i>Cunninghame</i>, edit. 1826, vol. ii. p. 329.):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"God bless you a', consider now,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Ye're unco muckle dantet:</p>
+      <p>But ere the course o' life be thro'</p>
+      <p class="i1">It may be bitter santet.</p>
+      <p>An I hae seen their coggie fou,</p>
+      <p class="i1">That yet hae tarrow't at it;</p>
+      <p>But or the day was done, I trow,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The <i>laggen</i> they hae clautet."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>which means, that at last, whether through pride, hunger, or long
+  fasting, the appetite had become so keen, that all, even to the last
+  particle of the <i>parritch</i>, was <i>clautet</i>, <i>scartit</i>, or
+  scraped from the bottom of the <i>coggie</i>, and to its inmost recesses
+  surrounded by the <i>laggen girth</i>. Of the motto of the garter, "Honi
+  soit qui mal y pense," I have heard a burlesque translation known but to
+  few, in "<i>Honeys sweet quo' Mally Spence</i>," synonymous with
+  Proverbs, chap. ix. verse 17: "Stolen waters are sweet, and bread
+  <i>eaten</i> in secret is pleasant."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. N.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Bacon</i> (Vol. viii., p. 303.).&mdash;I had, partly
+  from inadvertence, and partly from a belief that a tautology would be
+  created by a recurrence to the idea of death, after the words "mortis
+  terrore carentem," in the preceding line, understood the verse in
+  question to mean, "which regards length of life as the last of Nature's
+  gifts." On reconsideration, however, I do not doubt that the received
+  interpretation, which makes <i>spatium extremum</i> equivalent to
+  <i>finem</i>, is the correct one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>What Day is it at our Antipodes?</i> (Vol. viii., p. 102.).&mdash;A
+  person sailing to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by
+  sailing thither eastward he will gain twelve hours. If <!-- Page 480
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page480"></a>{480}</span>both meet at
+  the same hour, say eleven o'clock, the one will reckon 11 <span
+  class="scac">A.M.</span>, the other 11 <span class="scac">P.M.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Este.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Calves' Head Club</i> (Vol. viii., p. 315.).&mdash;In Hone's
+  <i>Every Day Book</i>, vol. ii. pp. 158, 159, 160., some more information
+  is given on the interesting event referred to in the Note made by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. E.&nbsp;G. Ballard</span>. A print is given of the scene; and
+  the obnoxious toasts are also quoted; they are: "The pious memory of
+  Oliver Cromwell;" "Damn&mdash;n to the race of the Stuarts;" "The
+  glorious year 1648;" "The man in the mask," &amp;c. The print is dated
+  1734, which proves that the meeting at which the disturbance arose was
+  not the first which had taken place.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. A. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bridgewater.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Heraldic Query</i> (Vol. viii., p. 219.).&mdash;Although A. was
+  killed in open rebellion, I think his armorial bearings were not
+  forfeited unless he was subsequently attainted by act of parliament; and
+  even in that case it is possible that the act contained a provision that
+  the penalty should not extend to the prejudice of any other person than
+  the offender. Assuming that A. was not attainted, or that the
+  consequences of his attainder were thus restricted to himself, or that
+  his attainder has been reversed, it is clear that his lawful posterity
+  are still entitled to his arms, notwithstanding the acceptance by his
+  grandson C. of a new grant, which obviously could no more affect the
+  title to the ancient arms than the creation of a modern barony can
+  destroy the right of its recipient to an older one. The descendants of C.
+  being thus entitled to both coats, could, I imagine, without difficulty
+  obtain a recognition of their right; and I think they might either use
+  the ancient arms alone, or the ancient and the modern arms quarterly,
+  precedence being given to the former. The proper course would be to seek
+  the licence of the crown for the resumption of the ancient surname, as
+  well as of the arms. Such permission would, I apprehend, be now conceded,
+  even though it should appear that the arms were really forfeited.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Gough.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Emberton, Bucks.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Temple Lands in Scotland</i> (Vol. viii., p. 317.).&mdash;These
+  lands, or a portion of them, were acquired, and afterwards transferred by
+  sale, to Mr. Gracie, by James Maidment, Esq., the eminent Scottish
+  antiquary, who, in 1828-29, privately printed&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Templaria: Papers Relative to the History, Privileges, and
+  Possessions of the Scottish Knights Templars, and their Successors, the
+  Knights of St. John of Jerusalem, with Notes," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This will no doubt contain all that your correspondent <span
+  class="sc">Abredonensis</span> could desire upon the subject, provided he
+  can obtain it; for the work, professing to be printed by the author for
+  presents, is confined to twenty-five copies, and must therefore be rare.
+  In 1831 was published by Stevenson, Edinburgh, an <i>Historical Account
+  of Linlithgowshire</i>, by the late John Penney.<a name="footnotetag9"
+  href="#footnote9"><sup>[9]</sup></a> This is edited by Mr. Maidment, and
+  contains a chapter entitled an "Account of the Transmission of the United
+  Estates of the Templars and Hospitallers, after the dissolution of the
+  Order in the reign of Queen Mary;" and although the object of the editor
+  is to notice the charters connected with Linlithgowshire, the book
+  contains a sketch of the general history of the lands in question,
+  abridged from the <i>Templaria</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. O.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a>
+  <p>Query the late George Chalmers.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Sir John Vanbrugh</i> (Vol. viii., p. 65. &amp;c.).&mdash;In <i>An
+  Account of the Life and Death of Mr. Matthew Henry</i>, published in the
+  year 1716, his biographer having related that he was chosen a minister of
+  a congregation of Dissenters in the city of Chester, and that he went
+  there to reside on the first day of June, 1687, goes on to state (p.
+  75.):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That city was then very happy in several worthy gentlemen that had
+  habitations there; they were not altogether strangers to Mr. Henry before
+  he came to live among them, but now they came to be his very intimate
+  acquaintance; some of these, as Alderman Mainwaring and Mr. Vanbrugh,
+  father to Sir John Vanbrugh, were in communion with the Church of
+  England, but they heard Mr. Henry on the week-day lectures, and always
+  treated him with great and serious respect."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This evidence serves to show that a Mr. Vanbrugh, who was living in
+  Chester in 1687, was the father of Sir John Vanbrugh. I have been told
+  that in former times there was a sugar-bakery at Chester. Did the father
+  of Sir John Vanbrugh carry on that business at Chester during any period
+  of his residence there?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Arthur Aston</i> (Vol. viii., p. 126.).&mdash;In reference to
+  the Query of your correspondent <span class="sc">Chartham</span>, I take
+  leave to refer him to Playfair's <i>Baronetage</i>, vol. ii. p. 257.,
+  where a pedigree of that ancient family is inserted. In p. 261. is a
+  note, by which it appears that the said Sir Arthur Aston had a daughter
+  Elizabeth, born in Russia, and married to James Thompson of Joyce Grove
+  in Berkshire.</p>
+
+  <p>In addition thereto, I recollect seeing the copy of a deed of sale,
+  dated April, 1637, by which it appears that Nicholas Hercy, of Nettlebed,
+  in co. Oxon., sold to James Thompson of Wallingford, in co. Berkshire,
+  "Joys Grove," in Nettlebed aforesaid; and there is united with the same
+  James Thompson, apparently as a trustee, "George Tattersall the younger,
+  of Finchampstead in said co. of Berkshire."</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 481 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page481"></a>{481}</span></p>
+
+  <p>I also take leave to refer your correspondent to Lysons's <i>Environs
+  of London</i>, vol. ii. p. 393., under head of "Fulham," where it is
+  stated that Sir Arthur Aston's father resided in that parish.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">An Antiquary</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Nugget</i> (Vol. viii., p. 357.).&mdash;Colonel Mundy, in <i>Our
+  Antipodes</i>, says that the word <i>nugget</i> was, before the days of
+  gold digging, used by the farmers of Australia to express a small thick
+  bullock, such as our English farmers would call a lumpy one, or a little
+  great one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. H. White</span>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ford's Handbook of Spain</span>. 1st Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cotton's Fasti Ecclesi� Hiberni�</span>. Parts III.,
+  VI., VII., and VIII.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Torriano Piazza Universale Di Proverbi
+  Italiani</span>. London, 1668. Folio.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica</span>. Vol.
+  IX.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Encyclop�dia Britannica</span>. 7th Edition. Vol.
+  XXII., Part 2.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Wellington Dispatches</span>. 13 Vols. Vols. II.,
+  III., and Index. (The full price will be given.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Southey's Doctor</span>. Vols. III. and IV.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Patrick's Mensa Mystica</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Strickland's Queens of England</span>. Vols. III.,
+  IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., and X.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>A. Holden</i>, Bookseller, Exeter.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Two Dialogues in the Elysian Fields, between Card.
+  Wolsey and Card. Ximenes</span>. To which are added Historical Accounts
+  of Wolsey's two Colleges and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove.
+  London, 1761. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>W. S. Fitch</i>, Ipswich.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Addison's Works</span>. First Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Jones' (of Nayland) Works</span>. 13 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Wilkinson's Ancient Egypt</span>. Vols. IV. and
+  V.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Byron's Life and Letters</span>. 3 Vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Simms &amp; Son</i>, Booksellers, Bath.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Kant's Logic</span>, translated by John
+  Richardson.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Historic Certainties</span> by Aristarchus
+  Newlight.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Songs</span>&mdash;"The Boatmen shout." Attwood. "Ah!
+  godan lor felicita" (Faust). Spohr.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>C. Mansfield Ingleby</i>, Birmingham.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Chapman's Architecturi� Navales Mercaturi�</span>.
+  1768. Folio. Published in Sweden.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Robert Stewart</i>, Bookseller, Paisley.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Spectator</span>, printed by Alex. Lawrie &amp;
+  Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II., III., VI., VII., and VIII.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>J. T. Cheetham</i>, Firwood, Chadderton, near Oldham.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>We beg to call the special attention of such of our readers as are
+  Autograph Collectors to the advertisement which appears in the present
+  Number, descriptive of certain family and historical papers, which have
+  been missed within the last twelve months from the proper custody, and
+  shall only be too glad to hear that by so doing we have at all
+  contributed to their recovery.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Wanted</span>. <i>So many of our Correspondents
+  seem disposed to avail themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers
+  in direct communication with them, that we find ourselves compelled to
+  limit each list of books to two insertions. We would also express a hope
+  that those gentlemen who may at once succeed in obtaining any desired
+  volumes will be good enough to notify the same to us, in order that such
+  books may not unnecessarily appear in such list even a second
+  time.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">St. John's</span>, <i>who asks about the</i> Stafford
+  Knot, <i>will see by our last Number, p.</i> 454., <i>that it is the
+  badge or cognizance of the Earls of Stafford.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Van Laun's</span> <i>Query as to the derivation
+  of</i> Huguenot <i>is anticipated in our</i> 6th Vol., p. 317. <i>Will
+  the Note there given help him to a satisfactory solution?</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs</span>,
+  1686.&mdash;<i>The loan of this volume is offered by</i> T.&nbsp;D. <i>to the
+  Correspondent who advertised for it some time since in our
+  columns.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Amicus Veritatis</span>, <i>who inquires
+  respecting</i> Cleanliness is next to Godliness, <i>is referred to
+  our</i> 4th Vol., p. 491., <i>for its probable origin.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard</span>. <i>The curious tenure of being
+  the King's</i> Vautrarius, <i>kindly forwarded by this Correspondent, is
+  already printed in Blount's</i> Fragmenta Antiquitates, p. 142.,
+  <i>ed.</i> 1784.</p>
+
+  <p>C. E. F. <i>We would strongly recommend our Correspondent to adopt the
+  paper process described by</i> <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> <i>in
+  our first Number for the present year (with correction of using the
+  gallic acid, which, as stated in a subsequent Number, was by accident
+  omitted). Recent experience has more than ever convinced us that if the
+  method there laid down be</i> strictly <i>followed, the photographer will
+  not meet with failures.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">An Amateur</span> (Helston). <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Lyte</span> <i>is at present abroad, or we are sure he would readily
+  answer the Query of our Correspondent, as to whether the chloride of
+  barium recommended by him at p. 252., and the nitrate of lead at p. 373.,
+  are to be the crystallised or liquid preparations.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">An Amateur Photographer</span> (Manchester). <i>If
+  you will transmit us a specimen of the failures which you mention,
+  especially of the waved appearance, we will do the best to answer your
+  Queries: it is impossible otherwise satisfactorily to do so.</i></p>
+
+  <p>M. A. <i>Always use your hyposulphite of soda</i> saturated; <i>it
+  does not reduce the tone of pictures near so much as when it is used
+  dilute.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28<i>s.</i> cloth) of THE JUDGES OF
+  ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS. F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Volume Three, 1272-1377.</p>
+      <p>Volume Four, 1377-1485.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Lately published, price 28<i>s.</i> cloth,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Volume One, 1066-1199.</p>
+      <p>Volume Two, 1199-1272.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
+  take its stand in the permanent literature of our
+  country."&mdash;<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN &amp; CO.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
+  Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty
+  had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his
+  camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be deeply
+  interesting."&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound
+  principles, and popular style."&mdash;<i>Churchman's Magazine.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>SUPPLEMENT TO DR. OLIVER'S MONASTICON DI&OElig;CESIS EXONIENSIS.</p>
+
+  <p>In the Press, and will be published, in 1 vol. folio, price
+  10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A SUPPLEMENT TO THE MONASTICON DI&OElig;CESIS EXONIENSIS. Being a
+  Collection of Records and Instruments further illustrating the Ancient
+  Conventual, Collegiate, and Eleemosynary Foundations in the Counties of
+  Devon and Cornwall. By GEORGE OLIVER, D.D. To correspond exactly in size,
+  paper, and type with the original work, and to contain a large folding
+  Map of the Diocese of Exeter at the time of the Dissolution of
+  Monasteries. When published, the price will be raised.</p>
+
+  <p>Subscribers' Names received by A. HOLDEN, Bookseller, Exeter.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 482 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page482"></a>{482}</span></p>
+
+  <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+  Establishments.&mdash;The superiority of this preparation is now
+  universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and
+  principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto
+  no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+  pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases
+  where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale
+  price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and
+  Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Caution</span>.&mdash;Each Bottle is Stamped with a
+  Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to
+  counterfeit which is felony.</p>
+
+  <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware
+  of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable
+  detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with
+  a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS,
+  CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and
+  may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1<i>s.</i>,
+  2<i>s.</i>, and 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67.
+  St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY &amp; CO., 95. Farringdon
+  Street, Wholesale Agents.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &amp;c.)
+  may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+  procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+  practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.&mdash;OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED
+  FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the
+  Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to
+  any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking
+  either Views or Portraits.&mdash;The Trade supplied.</p>
+
+  <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
+  Frames, &amp;c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
+  Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>New Inventions, Models, &amp;c., made to order or from Drawings.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289.
+  Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.&mdash;An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+  celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+  the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission
+  6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea;
+  Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Fr�res' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+  Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.</p>
+
+  <p>KNIGHT &amp; SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and
+  Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and
+  Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various
+  Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the
+  Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic
+  Specimens.</p>
+
+  <p>GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.&mdash;Plates, Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and
+  Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p>
+
+  <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Price List Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties&mdash;the
+  BORDERED QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in
+  the usual form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious
+  article. The Plain Quilt is smaller, and useful as an extra covering on
+  the bed, or as a wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a
+  loose case filled with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent.
+  Lists of Prices and Sizes sent free by Post, on application to</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>HEAL &amp; SON'S Bedding Factory,</p>
+      <p>196. Tottenham Court Road.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>LEEDS LIBRARY.</p>
+
+  <p>LIBRARIAN.&mdash;Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent
+  to undertake the duty of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution
+  consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is
+  employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10 <span
+  class="scac">A.M.</span> to 8 <span class="scac">P.M.</span> daily, with
+  an interval of two hours. Salary 120<i>l.</i> a year. Applications, with
+  Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not
+  later then 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9.
+  Park Row, Leeds.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following
+  articles&mdash;1. Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Pariah Girl, a
+  Poem: by the Rev. John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgecumbes of the
+  Olden Time, by Mrs. Bray, Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer's
+  Pantropheon. 5. Notes on Medi�val Art France and Germany, by J.&nbsp;G.
+  Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg, Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the
+  White Horse of Saxony and Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq.,
+  Garter. 7. The Campaigns of 1793-95 in Flanders and Holland.
+  Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: Counsels' Fees and Lawyers' Bills;
+  Shops in Westminster Hall; The Family of Phipps; Mr. John Knill of St
+  Ive's; Antiquity of the Mysterious Word "Wheedle." With Notes of the
+  Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews; Reports of the Arch�ological
+  Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Wiltshire, Somersetshire,
+  Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and <span
+  class="sc">Obituary</span>, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord
+  Anderson, Right Hon. Sir Frederick Adam, Adm. Sir Charles Adam, James
+  Dodsley Cuff, Esq., Mr. Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &amp;c. Price
+  2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NICHOLS &amp; SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Will be ready in November,</p>
+
+  <p>TURNER AND GIRTIN'S PICTURESQUE VIEWS SIXTY YEARS SINCE. Edited by
+  THOMAS MILLER, ESQ., Author of "Rural Sketches," &amp;c. With Thirty
+  Engravings of the Olden Time, from Drawings by J.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;W. TURNER and T.
+  GIRTIN, Portraits, &amp;c. Handsomely bound, price One Guinea.</p>
+
+  <p>HOGARTH, Haymarket, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Fourth Edition of RUINS OF MANY LANDS. NOTICE.&mdash;A Fourth and
+  Cheaper Edition, Revised and considerably Enlarged, of MR. MICHELL'S
+  "RUINS OF MANY LANDS," with Portrait, cloth, price 4<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>This Edition contains Remarks on Layard's latest Discoveries at
+  Nineveh, and treats of nearly all the Ruins of Interest now in the
+  world.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>London: WILLIAM TEGG &amp; CO.,</p>
+      <p>85. Queen Street, Cheapside.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO BOOK COLLECTORS.&mdash;Just published. T. MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of
+  10,000 VOLUMES of SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Catalogues Gratis, and Post Free.
+  N.B. Libraries purchased or exchanged. A discount of 2<i>d.</i> in the
+  1<i>s.</i> allowed on all new books. Ency. Britt., 7th edit., by Napier,
+  18 gs.; another, 6th edit., calf, 12 gs.; Ency. Met., last edit., hf.
+  clf., 18 gs.; Penny Cyclo., 29 vols., hf. clf. 7 gs.; Illustrated London
+  News, to end of 1852, cloth, 12 gs.; Stafford Gallery Collection of
+  Pictures, 2 vols. fol., mor. elegant, 5 gs.; Rose's Biographical
+  Dictionary, 12 vols. 8vo. cloth, new, 4<i>l.</i> 8<i>s.</i>,
+  &amp;c.&mdash;70. Newgate Street, City, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TWELFTH PUBLIC DRAWING.&mdash;The Fifteenth Purchase of Land having
+  just been made for the CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY, consisting of a Mansion
+  and Part of Seventy-four Acres at St. Margaret's on the Banks of the
+  Thames, opposite Richmond Gardens, close to Three Stations on the
+  South-Western Railroad, it has been resolved that the TWELFTH PUBLIC
+  DRAWING shall take place at Freemason's Hall, at 8 o'clock in the
+  evening, on Thursday, November the 17th, Viscount Ranelagh in the Chair.
+  On this occasion, 131 Shares will be added to the Order of Rights for
+  priority of Selection on the Society Estates, namely, 87 by drawing, and
+  44 by seniority of date of Membership. All Shares taken prior to the
+  final numbers being placed in the wheel, will be included in this
+  drawing.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEISEN,</p>
+      <p class="i8">Secretary.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 483 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page483"></a>{483}</span></p>
+
+  <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &amp;c.&mdash;BARRY, DU BARRY
+  &amp; CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+  remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+  fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic,
+  intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted,
+  dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrh&oelig;a, acidity,
+  heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of
+  the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during
+  pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the
+  aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:&mdash;</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+  Decies:&mdash;"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+  Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+  authorise the publication of these lines.&mdash;<span class="sc">Stuart
+  de Decies.</span>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 49,832:&mdash;"Fifty years' indescribable agony from
+  dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms,
+  sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's
+  excellent food.&mdash;<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling,
+  near Diss, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 180:&mdash;"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+  indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+  which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by
+  Du Barry's food in a very short time.&mdash;<span class="sc">W. R.
+  Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 4,208:&mdash;"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility,
+  with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+  advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+  food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+  inquiries.&mdash;<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington
+  Rectory, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p>
+
+  <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+  nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all
+  kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body,
+  as also diarrh&oelig;a, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and
+  bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of
+  the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+  hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+  satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+  where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+  bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+  troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+  conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+  incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br />
+"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London Agents:&mdash;Fortnum, Mason &amp; Co., 182. Piccadilly,
+  purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges &amp; Butler, 155. Regent
+  Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine
+  venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full
+  instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>;
+  5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>;
+  10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of
+  Post-office order.&mdash;Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>&mdash;Many invalids having
+  been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar
+  names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to
+  see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry
+  &amp; Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which
+  none is genuine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.&nbsp;P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+      <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>�</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Solicitors' &amp; General Life Assurance Society.</p>
+
+  <p>52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Subscribed capital, ONE MILLION.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:</p>
+
+  <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p>
+
+  <p>Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.</p>
+
+  <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p>
+
+  <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p>
+
+  <p>In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are
+  divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the
+  sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p>
+
+  <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest
+  on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of
+  fraud.</p>
+
+  <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
+  nearly Two <span class="sc">Per Cent.</span> per annum on the <i>amount
+  assured</i>, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent.
+  on the <i>Premiums paid</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been
+  paid.</p>
+
+  <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p>
+
+  <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'clock. Assurances may be
+  effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at
+  the Office of the Society. where prospectuses and all other requisite
+  information can be obtained.</p>
+
+  <p>CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,&mdash;25. CANNON STREET,
+  CITY.&mdash;The Advantages offered by this Society are Security, Economy,
+  and lower Rates of Premium than most other Offices.</p>
+
+  <p>No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies
+  indisputable.</p>
+
+  <p>Loans granted to Policy-holders.</p>
+
+  <p>For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low
+  as 20<i>l.</i>, at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.</p>
+
+  <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application
+  to</p>
+
+  <p>HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p>
+
+  <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p>
+
+  <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan
+  of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained
+  with perfect Security.</p>
+
+  <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">PETER MORRISON,</p>
+      <p class="i8">Managing Director.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description
+  of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of</p>
+
+  <p>PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+  WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites. Gratis on
+  application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+  <p>J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 18. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+  <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 484 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page484"></a>{484}</span></p>
+
+  <p>ARNOLD'S SECOND HEBREW BOOK.</p>
+
+  <p>In 12mo., price 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE SECOND HEBREW BOOK: containing the BOOK of GENESIS, with Syntax,
+  Vocabulary, and Grammatical Commentary. By the late REV. T.&nbsp;K. ARNOLD,
+  M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College,
+  Cambridge; and the REV. H. BROWNE, M.A. Canon of Chichester.</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place;</p>
+
+  <p>Of whom may be had,</p>
+
+  <p>THE FIRST HEBREW BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book."
+  7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, &amp;c. By A. P. HARRISON.</p>
+
+  <p>The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy,
+  &amp;c., may be had of the Author and Designer, No. 30. Gilbert Street,
+  Grosvenor Square, at the prices set against the respective works. Copies
+  will be forwarded, Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order for the
+  amount.</p>
+
+  <p>I. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the
+  Nobility. Price, in colours, 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Emblazoned
+  in gold, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>II. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the
+  Knights Companions at the Siege of Karlaverock, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1300. Price, in colours, 15<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
+  Emblazoned in gold, 21<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>III. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1377. Price, in colours, 4<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> Emblazoned in gold, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>IV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their
+  Installation Plates at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, &amp;c.
+  Price, in colours, 15<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> Emblazoned in gold,
+  21<i>l.</i></p>
+
+  <p>V. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.</p>
+
+  <p>VI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms,
+  &amp;c. Price coloured, 21<i>s.</i> Emblazoned in gold, 1<i>l.</i>
+  11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>VII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of
+  Scots and of King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>
+  each. On vellum paper, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>SCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &amp;c. By A.&nbsp;P.
+  HARRISON, Author of "Treatise on the Formation of the English
+  Constitution," &amp;c. 8vo. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Price 1�<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL. No. 515. Saturday, Nov. 12, 1853.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents</span>:</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>The Sea-side Resorts of the Londoners.</p>
+      <p>A few Jottings about Maps.</p>
+      <p>Trouble-the-House: A Legend of Livonia.</p>
+      <p>Present Aspects of Life Assurance.</p>
+      <p>Poetry of Trees.</p>
+      <p>Alligators of the Valley of the Amazon.</p>
+      <p>Miscellanea.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>W. &amp; R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Court Passage, Fleet Street, London;
+  and 339. High Street, Edinburgh. And sold by all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO AUTOGRAPH AND MANUSCRIPT COLLECTORS AND OTHERS.</p>
+
+  <p>The following Documents and Letters are Missing within the last Twelve
+  Months:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>Letters from Mathew Hutton to the Duke of Somerset, describing the
+  Three Daughters of Lord Winchelsea, enigmatically, as Three Books. Dated
+  August, 1725.</p>
+
+  <p>Letters from Beau Nash as to Ladies C. and H. Finch. Dated August and
+  September, 1725.</p>
+
+  <p>Letter from W. Edwards to Mathew Hutton. Dated Burly, December 11th,
+  1725.</p>
+
+  <p>Letters containing A Proposal of Marriage from the Duke of Somerset to
+  Lady C. Finch. Dated 1725.</p>
+
+  <p>Letter from the Duke of Somerset to the Earl of Winchelsea on the same
+  subject.</p>
+
+  <p>Letters between Lord Granville and the Duke of Somerset, as to Titles
+  on the Death of the Duke's Grandson. Dated November and December,
+  1744.</p>
+
+  <p>Autograph Notes from George III. to Charles, Earl of Egremont, on
+  Public Business. Dated 1762 and 1763.</p>
+
+  <p>Letter of Lord Lyttleton to the Earl of Egremont, inclosing
+  Complimentary Verses to Lady Egremont. Dated January 1st, 1761.</p>
+
+  <p>A Particular of the Duchess of Somerset's Debts. Dated October 7th,
+  1697.</p>
+
+  <p>Holograph Letter from Charles II. to the Countess of Northumberland,
+  proposing the Marriage of his son George with her Grand-daughter, the
+  Percy Heiress.</p>
+
+  <p>Letter from Lord Hertford to his Father, consenting to marry.</p>
+
+  <p>The Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson's, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Any information relative to the above will be thankfully received and
+  a liberal Reward paid on restoration of the Papers.</p>
+
+  <p>Apply to MESSRS. RYMER, A. MURRAY, &amp; RYMER, No. 5. Whitehall,
+  London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day is published,</p>
+
+  <p>A CATALOGUE of a very Choice and Valuable Collection of Books, Ancient
+  and Modern, in the English and Foreign Languages, and Books of Prints, in
+  very fine condition, also some beautifully Illuminated Manuscripts upon
+  Vellum, including a most splendid Vellum MS. of the Latin Bible, in two
+  very large volumes folio, written circa 1380; also a richly Illuminated
+  Copy of Ferdosi's Shah Nameh, in Persian, with Thirty-seven beautiful
+  Paintings:&mdash;principally bound by the best Binders, Derome, Bozerian,
+  Kalthoeber, Walther, Lewis, Clarke, Bedford, Riviere, Aitken, &amp;c.:
+  selected from the Libraries of the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, Provost of Eton;
+  Very Rev. Dr. Butler, Dean of Peterborough, formerly Head Master of
+  Harrow; Right Hon. Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of India;
+  Rev. R.&nbsp;J. Coates, Sopworth House, Gloucestershire, collected by him
+  during the last sixty years, with great taste and judgment, regardless of
+  expense; S. Freeman, Esq., Fawley Court (built by Inigo Jones),
+  Henley-on-Thames; John Miller, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; and various other
+  Libraries sold in London and the Country, with some private purchases.
+  Now on sale at the prices affixed, by</p>
+
+  <p>JOSEPH LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.</p>
+
+  <p>This Valuable Catalogue will be forwarded to any gentleman inclosing
+  Two Postage Stamps to prepay it. It may also be seen attached to the
+  "Gentleman's Magazine" for November.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Such a Catalogue of Rare, Valuable and Choice Books, in fine
+  condition, has not been published for some years.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day is published, price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span title="DEMOSTHENOUS O PERI T�S PARAPRESBEIAS LOGOS." class="grk"
+  >&Delta;&Epsilon;&Mu;&Omicron;&Sigma;&Theta;&Epsilon;&Nu;&Omicron;&Upsilon;&Sigma;
+  &Omicron; &Pi;&Epsilon;&Rho;&Iota; &Tau;&Eta;&Sigma;
+  &Pi;&Alpha;&Rho;&Alpha;&Pi;&Rho;&Epsilon;&Sigma;&Beta;&Epsilon;&Iota;&Alpha;&Sigma;
+  &Lambda;&Omicron;&Gamma;&Omicron;&Sigma;.</span></p>
+
+  <p>DEMOSTHENES DE FALSA LEGATIONE. By RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Trinity
+  College, Cambridge. Second Edition, carefully revised.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.</p>
+      <p>London: GEORGE BELL.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day is published. price 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON PLANE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY, By REV. W.
+  SCOTT, M.A., Mathematical Lecturer and Late Fellow of Sidney Sussex
+  College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.</p>
+      <p>London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE STEREOSCOPE,</p>
+
+  <p>Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An
+  Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>London: WALTON &amp; MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane,
+  Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, by the same Author, Price 1<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr.
+  Thomas Reid.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+  Jobert."&mdash;<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON.
+  Birmingham: H. C. LANGBRIDGE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, November
+  12. 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 211,
+November 12, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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+</body>
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@@ -0,0 +1,3611 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 211, November 12,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 211, November 12, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27008]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{461}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 211.]
+SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 12. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                   Page
+
+    Notes on Grammont, by G. Steinman Steinman                461
+    Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, by Thos.
+      Keightley                                               464
+    Extracts from Colchester Corporation Records, by Jas.
+      Whishaw                                                 464
+    Convocation in the Reign of George II., by W. Fraser      465
+    Parallel Passages, by Harry Leroy Temple                  465
+    Shakspeare Correspondence, by J. O. Halliwell             466
+
+    MINOR NOTES:--Local Rhymes, Kent--Samuel
+      Pepys's Grammar--Roman Remains--To grab--
+      Curfew at Sandwich--Ecclesiastical Censure--The
+      Natural History of Balmoral--Shirt Collars              466
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+    "Days of my Youth"                                        467
+
+    MINOR QUERIES:--Randall Minshull and his Cheshire
+      Collections--Mackey's "Theory of the Earth"--
+      Birthplace of King Edward V.--Name of Infants--
+      Geometrical Curiosity--Denison Family--"Came"
+      --Montmartre--Law of Copyright: British Museum
+      --Veneration for the Oak--Father Matthew's
+      Chickens--Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book
+      proper Names--MSS. of Anthony Bave--Return of
+      Gentry, temp. Hen. VI.--Taylor's "Holy Living"--
+      Captain Jan Dimmeson--Greek and Roman Fortification
+      --The Queen at Chess--Vida on Chess                     467
+
+    MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Thornton Abbey--
+      Bishop Wilson's "Sacra Privata"--Derivation of
+      "Chemistry"--Burning for Witchcraft--The small
+      City Companies--Rousseau and Boileau--Bishop
+      Kennett's MS. Diary                                     469
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+    Milton's Widow, by S. W. Singer                           471
+    Oaths, by Honore de Mareville, &c.                        471
+    Comminatory Inscriptions in Books, by Philarete
+      Chasles                                                 472
+    Liveries Worn, and Menial Services performed, by
+      Gentlemen, by J. Lewelyn Curtis                         473
+    Female Parish Clerks                                      474
+    Poetical Epithets of the Nightingale, by W. Pinkerton     475
+
+    PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Exhibition
+      --How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?
+      --Stereoscopic Angles--To introduce Clouds              476
+
+    REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Death of Edward II.--
+      Luther no Iconoclast--Rev. Urban Vigors--Portrait
+      of Baretti--Passage in Sophocles--Brothers of the
+      same Name--High Dutch and Low Dutch--Translations
+      of the Prayer Book into French--Divining-rod
+      --Slow-worm Superstition--Ravailliac--Lines
+      on the Institution of the Garter--Passage in Bacon
+      --What Day is it at our Antipodes?--Calves' Head
+      Club--Heraldic Query--The Temple Lands in
+      Scotland--Sir John Vanbrugh--Sir Arthur Aston--
+      Nugget                                                  477
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              481
+    Notices to Correspondents                                 481
+    Advertisements                                            481
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+NOTES ON GRAMMONT.
+
+Agreeing with Mr. Peter Cunningham (vide _History of Nell Gwyn_), that a
+new edition of Grammont is much wanted, I beg to avail myself of your
+pages, and to offer a few remarks and notes which I have made in reference
+to that very entertaining work for the consideration of a future annotator.
+
+Of the several maids of honour mentioned therein I will begin with those of
+the queen. They are Miss Stewart, Miss "Warminster," Miss Bellenden, Miss
+Bardon, Miss de la Garde, Miss Wells, Miss Livingston, Miss Fielding, and
+Miss Boynton.
+
+The names of Miss Stewart (Frances Theresa), Miss Boynton (Catherine), Miss
+Wells (Winefred), and Miss Warmistre are found among the original six,
+appointed on the queen's marriage, May 21, 1662. The affiliation and
+marriages of the first two have been well ascertained, but Miss Warmistre's
+birth is yet open to some conjecture, whilst her marriage, like Miss
+Wells's parentage, is wholly unknown.
+
+Horace Walpole, on the authority of the last Earl of Arran, of the Butler
+family, has confounded her with Mary, one of the daughters of George Kirke,
+Esq., a groom of the bedchamber to Charles I., by Mary his wife, daughter
+of Aurelian Townsend, Esq., "the admired beauty of the tymes," on whose
+marriage at Christ Church, Oxford, February 26, 1645-6, "the king gave
+her." She herself was maid of honour to the Duchess of York in 1674, and
+the year following left the court, we may believe, under the same
+circumstances as Miss Warmistre, more than ten years before, had quitted
+it: after being the mistress of Sir Thomas Vernon, the second Baronet of
+Hodnet in Shropshire, she became his wife, and ended her life in miserable
+circumstances at Greenwich in 1711.
+
+    "1711, 17 August, Dame Mary, relict of Sir Thomas Vernon, carried
+    away."--Burial register of Greenwich Church.
+
+She was sister to Diana, the last De Vere, Earl of Oxford's, countess, a
+lady of as free a morality {462} as herself and as her mother, and second
+wife of Sir Thomas, whose first lady, Elizabeth Cholmondley, died in June,
+1676. Sir Thomas died February 5, 1682-3, leaving by her three children,
+Sir Richard, the last baronet, Henrietta, and Diana, who all died
+unmarried.
+
+A portrait of Lady Vernon, by Sir Peter Lely, has been engraved in
+mezzotinto by Browne, and lettered "Mary Kirk, Lady Vernon, maid of honour
+to Queen Catherine." Another portrait (?) has been engraved by Scheneker
+for Harding's _Grammont_, 1793. A third portrait was purchased at the
+Strawberry Hill sale, by Mr. Rodd of Little Newport Street, for 1l. 5s.
+
+A portrait of the Countess of Oxford is or was at Mr. Drummond's of Great
+Stanmore. It was bequeathed to his family by Charles, first Duke of St.
+Alban's, who was her ladyship's son-in-law.
+
+Of Mrs. Anne Kirke, who was "woman to the queen" Henrietta Maria, there are
+several portraits. Granger records:
+
+    "Madam Kirk. Vandyck p. Gaywood f. h. sh.
+
+    "Madam Anne Kirk. Vandyck p. Browne, large h. sh. mezz."
+
+These engravings are most probably from the same painting--the fine
+whole-length exhibited last year among the collection of pictures by
+ancient masters in Pall Mall:
+
+    "Madam Kirk, sitting in a chair, Hollar, f. h. sh."
+
+He also mentions her miniature at Burghley.
+
+There is at Wilton a splendid painting by Vandyck of Mrs. Kirk, seated with
+the Countess of Morton, Lady Anne Keith, eldest daughter of George, fifth
+Earl Mareschal, and wife of William Douglass, seventh Earl of Morton, K.G.
+She was governess to the Princess Henrietta.
+
+This painting has been engraved by Grousvelt. There is another engraving
+from the first-named Vandyck by Beckett.
+
+Of Lady Vernon and her mother there is to be found mention, in the secret
+service expenses of Charles II. and James II., lately printed. The elder
+lady on her husband's death (he was buried in the cloisters of Westminster
+Abbey, April 5, 1679) seems to have had a pension of 250l. per annum. The
+younger was the recipient, on two occasions, of 100l. "bounty" only.
+
+Mrs. Kirke and her daughter Diana are unfavourably alluded to by Mrs. Grace
+Worthley, a lady of the same class, who will not "be any longer a
+laughing-stock for any of Mr. Kirk's bastards" (vide letter to her cousin
+Lord Brandon, September 7, 1682, _Diary of Henry Sidney, Earl of Romney_,
+i. pp. xxxiii. xxxiv.). And again, the same lady, in another letter, speaks
+of "the common Countess of Oxford and her adulterous bastards" (_Ibid._).
+Mr. Jesse's quotation from "Queries and Answers from Garraway's Coffee
+House" (vide _The Court of the Stewarts_, vol. ii. p. 366.) may be here
+reproduced in support of the epitaph which this angry lady has been pleased
+to assign the countess, who, it would seem, had robbed her, well born and
+well married, of her noble keeper "the handsome Sidney:"
+
+    "_Q._ How often has Mrs. Kirk sold her daughter Di. before the Lord of
+    Oxford married her?
+
+    _A._ Ask the Prince and Harry Jermyn."
+
+The following curious extract from one of the Heber MSS. at Hodnet has been
+kindly furnished me by Charles Cholmondeley, Esq., of the Ivy House,
+Wisbeach, co. Cambridge, to whom the MS. belongs:
+
+    "H----,
+
+    "Sir Thomas the second baronet's death is mentioned in Lady Rachael
+    Russell's letters. His second wife was one of King Charles's Beauties,
+    but the account in Granger of her is not correct, as it appears that
+    she lived some time with Sir Thomas, as mistress, before their
+    marriage. He left her in great distress, as the profits of the estate
+    were embezzled by attorneys and stewards. The following is a copy from
+    a letter from her to one Squibb, an attorney who had the management of
+    the estate:
+
+        'SIR,
+
+        'When you were last here you were pleased to say that in some
+        little time I should be payd some money. I have had with me my
+        woman's husband y^t did serve mee about two yeares since; and hee
+        is soe impatient for what I owe her y^t hee will staye noe longer.
+        It is given me to understand I must goe to prison or paye part of
+        w^t I owe him. Things fly to a great violence, and if you thinke it
+        will bee for the credit or advantage of my childerne y^t such an
+        afront should come to mee, is the question. I have nothing to
+        depend on but w^t must come from the estate of Sir Richard Vernon.
+        How I have been used by the trustees you are noe stranger to. I am
+        now forced to live on charity, and I grow every day more and more
+        weary of it. For my childern's sake I remain in England, or else I
+        would seeke my fortune elsewhere. Pray to take this into
+        consideration, and see w^t can be done.
+
+        'I am, SIR, y^r most humble serv^t,
+        'VERNON.
+
+        'P.S.--If you can, pray doe mee y^e favour to send mee by to-morrow
+        at one of y^e cloke, twenty shillings, to pay for wood, or I must
+        sit w^{th}oute fyer; y^t will be ill for a person confined to the
+        house.'"
+
+It is not certain whether it is to "Mistris Kirke," Lady Vernon's mother,
+that Charles I. refers in his letter addressed to Colonel Whaley on the day
+of his escape from Hampton Court, November 11, 1647, but it is very likely
+to have been so. There was a Mistress (Anne) Kirke, sworn in a dresser to
+Queen Henrietta Maria in Easter week, 1637 (vide _Strafford Papers_, vol.
+ii. p. 73.), whose full-length portrait by Vandyke has been frequently
+engraved, by Browne, Garwood, Hollar, Beckett, &c.; and this lady may be
+the "Mrs. Anne Kirke, unfortunately drowned near London Bridge," who was
+buried in Westminster Abbey, July 9, 1641. {463}
+
+In Westminster Abbey was buried, May 23, 1640, "Mr. Kirk's daughter."
+Captain George Kirke married there, February 10, 1699-1700, Mary Cooke.
+George Kirke, Esq., died Jan. 10, 1703-4, and was buried in the abbey
+cloisters (Mon. Inscr.); and Mrs. Mary Kirke died December 17, 1751, and
+was also buried there (M. I.). We may presume that all these Kirkes were of
+the same family.
+
+Having now clearly released the annotator from all farther interference
+with Mary Kirke's private history, and having excluded her handsome face
+from any future illustrated edition of Grammont, I must leave him to deal
+with Miss Warmistre. It seems most probable that Dr. Thomas Warmistre, dean
+of Worcester, who died October 30, 1665, was her father, as he is known to
+have been a Royalist. His will, as it is not to be found at Doctors'
+Commons, must be sought for at Worcester. His brother Gervais was a married
+man, but his effects, unfortunately for our inquiries, were administered to
+at Doctors' Commons, August 31, 1641. That Warmistre was her right name is
+proved by Lord Cornbury's letter to the Duchess of Bedford, June 10, 1662
+(Warburton's _Rupert_, vol. iii. pp. 461-464.). Her portrait is at Hengrave
+Hall, Suffolk, and has been engraved by Scriven for Carpenter's _Grammont_,
+1811.
+
+Lord Cornbury's letter contradicts Grammont's statement, that Miss Boynton
+and Miss Wells came in on a removal, for they were of the original six
+maids of honour. Among these is named a Miss Price (Henrietta Maria), who
+we may suppose a sister to the Duchess of York's Miss Price, one of
+Grammont's most conspicuous heroines; and if so, when I come to speak of
+the Duchess's maids of honour, her parentage will be proved. Of Miss Carey,
+rejoicing in the prefix of Simona, the sixth of the queen's original maids
+of honour, we have no farther occasion to speak.
+
+In 1669 the queen appears to have had four maids of honour only, the places
+vacated by Miss Stewart's and Miss Warmistre's marriages being unoccupied.
+This state of affairs leads me to doubt whether Miss Bellenden ever held
+the appointment. Mademoiselle Bardon, Grammont admits, was not actually a
+maid of honour, and Mademoiselle de la Garde certainly never was. LORD
+BRAYBROOKE has suggested to me, with some show of reason, that the first
+may be the "Mrs. Baladine" who held a place of less emolument (that of
+dresser, probably) in the Duchess of York's household, and who left in the
+middle of the quarter, between Michaelmas and Christmas, 1662 (vide
+_Household Book of James Duke of York at Audley End_), as if she had the
+prudence "de quitter la cour avant que d'en etre chassee."
+
+"La desagreable Bardon" may have been a daughter, or some other near
+relation, to Claudius Bardon, mentioned in the secret service expenses of
+Charles II.
+
+Mademoiselle de la Garde was appointed a dresser to the queen on her
+marriage (vide Lord Cornbury's letter), and continued in this office till
+1673, when she died. Her father, Charles Peliott Baron de la Garde, or her
+brother, if she had one, was a groom of the privy chamber to Queen
+Catherine in 1687, and her mother dresser to the Duchess of York in 1662
+(_Duke of York's Household Book_). Mary her sister, who became the wife of
+Sir Thomas Bond of Peckham, co. Surrey, Baronet, comptroller of the
+household to Queen Henrietta Maria, was a Lady of the privy chamber to the
+same queen.
+
+Of mademoiselle I may add, that she married Mr. Gabriel Silvius, carver to
+the queen, in 1669 (compare first and second editions of _Angliae Notitia_,
+1669); and of her husband, in addition to the particulars already stated by
+the annotators, that he received the honour of knighthood January 28,
+1669-70, married a second wife (a fact overlooked by the annotators,
+including Mr. Cunningham), viz. Anne, daughter of the Hon. William Howard,
+a younger son of Thomas first Earl of Berkshire, at Westminster Abbey,
+November 12, 1677, went the same year to the Hague as master of the
+household to the Prince of Orange (Evelyn), became privy purse to James II.
+(_The British Compendium, or Rudiments of Honour_), died at his house in
+Leicester Fields, January, 1696-7, and was buried in the church of St.
+Martin. It was his second wife, and widow, who died October 13, 1730.
+
+If, as it is possible, Miss Bellenden did hold the appointment of maid of
+honour to the queen, she must have replaced Miss Stewart or Miss Warmistre;
+and if Miss Livingston and Miss Fielding held like appointments, one of the
+two must have replaced her, and they, again, must have removed from the
+court before 1669. I am not at present able to say who those three ladies
+were.
+
+Before bringing this paper to a conclusion, I must be permitted to refer
+Mr. Cunningham to five letters, written by Count de Comminges, the French
+ambassador in London, and printed LORD BRAYBROOKE in his Appendix to Pepys,
+which Mr. C. has very unaccountably overlooked when settling the chronology
+of Grammont.
+
+The first, to M. de Lionne, dated "Londres, Janvier 5-15, 1662-3,"
+announces the arrival of the Chevalier the day before "fort content de son
+voyage. Il a ete ici recu le plus agreablement au monde. Il est de toutes
+les parties du Roi." The second, to Louis XIV., dated "Decembre 10-20,
+1663," informs the king of the chevalier's joy at being allowed to return
+to France, and of his intention to leave England in four days. He also
+informs Louis that he believes the chevalier will see the court of France
+in company of "une belle {464} Angloise." A postscript, dated "Decembre
+20-24," says that the king of England, for certain stated reasons, has
+persuaded the chevalier to remain a day longer; and, farther, "Il laisse
+ici quelques autres dettes, qu'il pretend venir recueillir quand il se
+declarera sur le sujet de Mille Hamilton, qui est si embrouille que les
+plus clairvoyans n'y voyent goutte." The third, dated "Mai 19-24, 1664," is
+also to the King of France, and speaks of the Chevalier's wife, "madame sa
+femme." The next letter is addressed to M. de Lionne, and dated "Aout 29,
+Septembre 8, 1664." It contains this important intelligence: "Madam la
+Comtesse de Grammont accoucha hier au soir d'un fils beau comme la mere, et
+galant comme le pere." The last letter, dated "Octobre 24, Novembre 3,
+1664," and addressed to the same M. de Lionne, commences as follows: "Le
+Comte de Grammont est parti aujourd'hui avec sa femme."
+
+These several letters, all important to the annotators of Grammont, give
+the precise dates of the chevalier's first visit to the Court of Charles
+II., and of his departure, and settle the date of his marriage within a few
+days. This event must have taken place in December, 1663. Mrs. Jameson and
+Mr. Cunningham place it in 1668.
+
+On another occasion I will return to this subject.
+
+G. STEINMAN STEINMAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS.
+
+I entirely agree with G. K. (Vol. viii., p. 269.) respecting the original
+sense of "Putting a spoke in one's wheel." It surely meant to aid him in
+constructing the wheel, say of his fortune. As the true sense of this
+expression seems to have been retained in America when lost in its
+birthplace, so Ireland has retained that of another which has changed its
+sense here. By "finding a mare's nest" is, I believe, meant, fancying you
+have made a great discovery when in fact you have found nothing. I
+certainly remember the late Earl Grey using it in that sense in his place
+in parliament. But how does this accord with the following place in
+Beaumont and Fletcher?
+
+         "Why dost thou laugh?
+  What mare's nest hast thou found?"--_Bonduca_, Act V. Sc. 2.
+
+on which, rather to my surprise, Mr. Dyce has no note. Now in Ireland, when
+a person is seen laughing immoderately without any apparent cause, it is
+usual to say, "O, he has found a mare's nest, and he's laughing at the
+eggs." This perfectly agrees with the above passage from _Bonduca_, and is
+doubtless the original sense and original form of the adage.
+
+There is another of these proverbial expressions which, I think, has also
+lost its pristine sense. By "Tread on a worm and it will turn" is usually
+meant that the very meekest and most helpless persons will, when harshly
+used, turn on their persecutors. But the poor worm does, and can do, no
+such thing. I therefore think that the adage arose at the time when _worm_
+was inclusive of snake and viper, and that what was meant was, that as
+those that had the power to avenge themselves when injured would use it, so
+people should be cautious how they provoked them. I am confirmed in this
+view by the following passage in the _Wallenstein's Tod_ of Schiller, Act
+II. Sc. 6.:
+
+ "Doch einen Stachel gab Natur dem Wurm,
+  Dem Willkuer uebermuethig spielend tritt."
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EXTRACTS FROM COLCHESTER CORPORATION RECORDS.
+
+I inclose you some rather curious extracts from the corporation books of
+Colchester, which I made a few years since, during an investigation of some
+of the charities of that ancient borough.
+
+JAS. WHISHAW.
+
+    "The informac[=o]n of Richard Glascock of Horden-of-the-Hill, in the
+    County of Essex, Cordwayner, aged twenty-four yeeres or thereabouts,
+    taken upon oath the 5^{th} of June, 1651, before Jno. Furlie, Gent.,
+    Mayor of the Towne of Colchester.
+
+    "The Informant saieth, that upon the Lord's daie, the fower and
+    twentieth daie of May last, that W^m Beard of Horden abovesaid, did cut
+    off the taile of the catt of Thomas Burgis of Fanies Pishe, and
+    Margaret, the wife of the s^d Tho^s Burgis, after the catt's taile was
+    cutt off, came home, and seeing that her catt's taile had bin cutt off
+    she enquired who had done it, and being told that the s^d W^m Beard had
+    done it, she s^d she would be even w^{th} him before he went out of
+    towne.
+
+    "RICHARD GLASCOCK."
+
+    "The informac[=o]n of H^y Potter, aged twenty yeeres or thereabouts, of
+    Horden abovesaid, Lynnen Weaver, taken upon oath the day and yeere
+    abovesaid.
+
+    "This informant saieth, that y^e s^d fower and twentieth daie of May
+    the taile of the catt of the s^d Thomas Burgis being cutt off by the
+    s^d W^m Beard, and y^e s^d Margaret the wife of the s^d Tho^s Burgis
+    haveing bin told that the s^d W^m Beard had done it, she p^rsentlie
+    told the s^d Beard she would be even with him before he went out of
+    towne, and flewe in his face, and said she would give him something
+    before he went out of her howse. And this informant saieing, Good
+    woman, I hope you will give him noe poyson, and she replyed, he would
+    not be soe foolish as to take any thinge of her, but she would be even
+    w^{th} him before he went out of towne."
+
+    "HENRY POTTER."
+
+    "The informac[=o]n of R^d Spencer, aged thirtie yeeres or thereabouts,
+    Servant to Capt^n Thomas Caldwell, taken upon oath the day and yeere
+    aforesaid.
+
+    "This informant saieth, that the before-named W^m Beard being very
+    sicke and in a strange distemper, and {465} haveing heard that
+    Margaret, the wife of the before-named Thomas Burgis, had threatened
+    him, did suspect the s^d W^m Beard might be bewitched or ill dealt
+    w^{th}, did cut off some of his haire off from his head, and did wind
+    it up together and put it into the fire, and could not for a good while
+    make it burne, untill he tooke a candle and put under it or into it,
+    and then w^{th} much adoe it did burne, and after it was burnt y^e s^d
+    Beard laie still, and before it was burnt he was in such a distemper
+    that three men could hardlie hold him into his bed.
+
+    "RICHARD SPENCER.
+    "his + mark."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CONVOCATION IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II.
+
+One hears it so often repeated, that Convocation was finally suppressed in
+1717, in consequence of the accusations brought by the Lower House against
+Bishop Hoadley, that it seems worth while noting in correction of this,
+that though no licence from the Crown to make canons has ever been granted
+since that time, yet that Convocation met and sat in 1728, and again for
+some sessions in the spring of 1742, when several important subjects were
+brought before it; among which was the very interesting question of
+curates' stipends, in these words:
+
+    "VIIth. That much reproach is brought upon the beneficed, and much
+    oppression upon the unbeneficed, clergy, by curates accepting too
+    scanty salaries from incumbents."
+
+and which was really the last subject that was ever brought before
+Convocation. On Jan. 27, 1742, it was unanimously agreed, that "the motion
+made by the Archdeacon of Lincoln concerning ecclesiastical courts and
+clandestine marriages, the qualifications of persons to be admitted into
+holy orders, and the salaries and titles of curates," should be "reduced
+into writing, and the particulars offered to the House at their next
+assembly." But in the next session, on March 5, 1742, the Prolocutor, Dr.
+Lisle, was afraid to go on with the business before the House, and after
+"speaking much of a _praemunire_," and "echoing and reverberating the word
+from one side of good King Henry's Chapel to the other," the whole was let
+drop; and Convocation was fully consigned to the silence and the slumber of
+a century. The whole of these transactions are detailed in a scarce
+pamphlet, _A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Lisle, Prolocutor of the Lower House_,
+by the Archdeacon of Lincoln (the Venerable G. Reynolds).
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARALLEL PASSAGES.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 435.; Vol. vi., p. 123.; Vol. vii., p. 151.)
+
+    1. "When she had passed it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite
+    music."--Longfellow's _Evangeline_, Part i. I.
+
+    "When she comes into the room, it is like a beautiful air of Mozart
+    breaking upon you."--Thackeray "On a good-looking young Lady." (Quoted
+    in _Westminster Review_, April 1853.)
+
+    2. "Two stars keep not their motion in one sphere."--Whence?
+
+    "We are the twin stars, and cannot shine in one sphere. When he rises I
+    must set."--Congreve, _Love for Love_, Act III. Sc. 4.
+
+    3. "Et ce n'est pas toujours par valeur et par chastete que les hommes
+    sont vaillants et que les femmes sont chastes."--De La Rochefoucauld,
+    _Max._ I.
+
+    "Yes, faith! I believe some women are virtuous, too; but 'tis as I
+    believe some men are valiant, through fear."--Congreve, _Love for
+    Love_, Act III. Sc. 14.
+
+    4. "Mais si les vaisseaux sillonnent un moment les ondes, la vague
+    vient effacer aussitot cette legere marque de servitude, et la mer
+    reparait telle qu'elle fut au premier jour de la Creation."--_Corinne_,
+    b. I. ch. 4.
+
+    "Such as Creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now!"--Byron, _Childe
+    Harold_.
+
+    5. "Il est plus honteux de se mefier de ses amis que d'en etre
+    trompe."--De La Rochefoucauld, _Max._ LXXXIV.
+
+ "Better trust all, and be deceived,
+    And weep that trust, and that deceiving,
+  Than doubt one heart that, if believed,
+    Had blessed thy life with true believing!
+
+ "Oh! in this mocking world, too fast
+    The doubting fiend o'ertakes our youth:
+  Better be cheated to the last,
+    Than lose the blessed hope of truth!"--Mrs. Butler (Fanny Kemble).
+
+6. In "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435., I cited, as a parallel to Shelley, the
+following from Southey's _Doctor_, vol. vi. p. 158.:
+
+    "The sense of flying in our sleep might, he thought, probably be the
+    anticipation or forefeeling of an unevolved power, like an Aurelia's
+    dream of butterfly motion."
+
+In Spicer's _Sights and Sounds_ (1853), p. 140., is to be found a poem
+professing to have been "dictated by the spirit of Robert Southey," on
+March 25, 1851, the fourth stanza of which runs as follows:
+
+ "The soul, like some sweet flower-bud yet unblown,
+    Lay tranced in beauty in its silent cell:
+  The spirit slept, but dreamed of worlds unknown,
+    _As dreams the chrysalis within its shell_,
+          Ere summer breathes its spell."
+
+What inference should be drawn from this coincidence for or against the
+reality of the "spiritual dictation?"
+
+HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{466}
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Shakspeare's Works with a Digest of all the Readings_ (Vol. viii., pp. 74.
+170. 362.).--I am exceedingly obliged to your correspondent ESTE for his
+suggestions, and need not say that any sincere advice will be most
+respectfully considered. In the second volume of my folio edition of
+Shakspeare, I am partially endeavouring to carry out the design to which he
+alludes, by giving a digest of all the readings up to the year 1684. How is
+it possible to carry out his wish farther with any advantage? I should feel
+particularly thankful for a satisfactory reply to the following questions
+in relation to this important subject:--1. As many copies of the first and
+other folio editions, as well as nearly all the copies of the same quarto
+editions, differ from each other, how are these differences to be treated?
+What copies are to be taken for texts, and how many copies of each are to
+be collated? 2. Are such books as Beckett, Jackson and others, to be
+examined? If not, are _any_ conjectural emendations of the last and present
+centuries to be given? Where is the line to be drawn? A mere selection is
+valueless, or next to valueless; because, setting aside the differences in
+opinion in such matters, we want to know what conjectures are new, and
+which are old? 3. Are the various readings suggested in periodicals to be
+given? 4. Can any positive and practical rules be furnished, likely to
+render such an undertaking useful and successful?
+
+J. O. HALLIWELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Local Rhymes, Kent._--
+
+ "Between Wickham and Welling
+  There's not an honest man dwelling;
+  And I'll tell you the reason why,
+  Because Shooters' Hill's so nigh."
+
+Unless this is preserved in "N. & Q." it will probably be forgotten with
+the highwaymen, whose proceedings at Shooters' Hill, no doubt, originated
+it.
+
+G. W. SKYRING.
+
+_Samuel Pepys's Grammar._--I have lately been looking over the _Diary_ of
+this very clever person, and I confess it has surprised me to find him, a
+graduate of Cambridge, and, in fact, I may say a man of letters, constantly
+employing such vulgar bad grammar as "he _do_ say," and such like. I am the
+more surprised when, on looking at his letters, even the familiar ones to
+his cousin Roger and to W. Hewer, I can find nothing of the kind, they
+being as grammatical and as well written as any of the time.
+
+My hypothesis is--LORD BRAYBROOKE can correct me if I am wrong--that Pepys,
+writing his _Diary_ in short-hand, used one and the same character for all
+the persons of the present tense of _do_, and that the decypherer did not
+attend to this circumstance. In his letter to Col. Legge (vol. v. p. 296.),
+Pepys writes "His R. H. _does_ think," &c., which in the _Diary_ would
+surely be "His R. H. _do_ think," &c. In a similar way I would account for
+the use of _come_ instead of _came_ in the _Diary_, as there is nothing of
+the kind in the Letters. Should I be right, I may have rendered a slight
+service to the memory of an able and worthy man.
+
+THOS. KEIGHTLEY.
+
+_Roman Remains._--In Wright's _Celt, Roman, and Saxon_, p. 207., a curious
+Roman altar, dedicated to Silvanus, "ab aprum eximiae forme captum," is
+mentioned as found at Durham. It was found in the wild district to the
+west, in the neighbourhood of Stanhope in Weardale, and is preserve in the
+rectory house there.
+
+P. 330., figure A. This armilla (?) was not found in Northumberland, but in
+Sussex, together with several others of the same form, a torques and celts.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_To grab._--A very popular writer has lately rightly denounced the use of
+this word as a vulgarism. Like many other monosyllables used by our working
+classes, it may plead antiquity in extenuation of its vulgarity. It has
+been derived from the Welsh word _grabiaw_, to grasp, and in ancient times
+was one of our "household words." The retention by a tailor of a portion of
+the cloth delivered to him, although it had been a usage from time
+immemorial, might have been considered by our forefathers as a _grabbage_:
+we now call it _cabbage_.
+
+N. W. S.
+
+_Curfew at Sandwich._--Sometime back it was stated that the curfew at
+Sandwich had been discontinued. It has been resumed in consequence of the
+opposition made by the inhabitants. The same occurred about twenty years
+ago. (From information on the spot.)
+
+E. M.
+
+_Ecclesiastical Censure._--Ecclesiastical censure was often used in the
+Middle Ages to enforce civil rights, specially that of the exemption of the
+clergy from the judgment of a lay tribunal. The following instance thereof
+is new to me. I have copied it from "Collectanea Gervasii Holles," vol. i.
+p. 529., Lansdowne MS. 207., in the British Museum:
+
+    "Ex Archis Linc. a^o 1307.
+
+    "The Major and Burgesses of Grimesby hanged a Preist for theft called
+    Richard of Notingham. Hereupon y[=e] B^p sendes to y[=e] Abbott of
+    Wellow to associate to himselfe twelue adjacent chapleins to examine
+    y[=e] cause, and in St. James his Church Excommunicates all y^t had any
+    hand in it of whatsoever condition they were, y[=e] King, Queen, and
+    Prince of Wales excepted; {467} and y[=e] B^p himselfe did
+    Excommunicate them in y[=e] Cathedral Church of Lincolne, y[=e] fifth
+    of y[=e] Ides of Aprill following."
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
+
+_The Natural History of Balmoral._--Dr. William Macgillivray, Professor of
+Civil and Natural History in the Marischal College of Aberdeen, and who
+died there Sept. 5, 1852, left an unpublished MS. on "The Natural History
+of Balmoral and its Neighbourhood." This work has been purchased from his
+executors by His Royal Highness Prince Albert; and is to be printed for the
+use of Her Majesty and the Royal Family, and for circulation among their
+august relatives. It was the last work on which the distinguished author
+was engaged, and was only completed a short time previous to his death. It
+also contains some curious speculations regarding several plants and herbs
+of that Alpine district, and their uses in a medicinal and domestic point
+of view, as known to the ancient Caledonians and Picts. Altogether it is a
+most interesting work.
+
+W.
+
+_Shirt Collars._--In Hone's _Every-day Book_, vol. ii. p. 381., I find the
+following, which I think is after the present ridiculous fashion of wearing
+shirt collars, viz. so tight round the neck, and so stiff, that it is a
+wonder there are not some serious accidents.
+
+These collars, at present worn by the fast young men of the day, are called
+"The Piccadilly three-folds." Now, if this goes on until they get to a
+"nail in depth, and stiffened with yellow starch, and _double wired_," I
+think it will only be proper to put a heavy tax upon them.
+
+    "_Piccadilly._--The picadil was the round hem, or the piece set about
+    the edge or skirt of a garment, whether at top or bottom; also a kind
+    of _stiff collar_, made in fashion of a band, that went about the neck
+    and round about the shoulders: hence the term 'wooden piccadilloes'
+    (meaning the pillory) in _Hudibras_; and see Nares' _Glossary_, and
+    Blount's _Glossographia_. At the time that ruffs and picadils were much
+    in fashion, there was a celebrated ordinary near St. James's, called
+    _Piccadilly_: because, as some say, it was the outmost, or skirt-house,
+    situate at the hem of the town: but it more probably took its name from
+    one Higgins, a tailor, who made a fortune by picadils, and built this
+    with a few adjoining houses. The name has by a few been derived from a
+    much frequented shop for the sale of these articles; this probably took
+    its rise from the circumstance of Higgins having built houses there,
+    which however were not for selling ruffs; and indeed, with the
+    exception of his buildings, the site of the present Piccadilly was at
+    that time open country, and quite out of the way of trade. At a later
+    period, when Burlington House was built, its noble owner chose the
+    situation, then at some distance from the extremity of the town, that
+    _none might build beyond_ him. The ruffs formerly worn by gentlemen
+    were frequently _double wired_, and _stiffened_ with _yellow starch_:
+    and the practice was at one time carried to such an excess, that they
+    were limited by Queen Elizabeth '_to a nayle of a yeard in depth_.' In
+    the time of James I., they still continued of a preposterous size: so
+    that, previous to the visit made by that monarch to Cambridge in 1615,
+    the Vice-chancellor of the University thought fit to issue an order,
+    prohibiting 'the fearful enormity and excess of apparel seen in all
+    degrees, as, namely, _strange piccadilloes_, vast bands, huge cuffs,
+    shoe roses, tufts, locks, and tops of hair, unbeseeming that modesty
+    and carriage of students in so renowned a university.'"
+
+It is scarcely to be supposed that the ladies were deficient in the size of
+their ruffs, &c.
+
+I must conclude this in the words of the immortal poet:
+
+ "    .    .    .    .     New fashions,
+  Though they be never so ridiculous,
+  Nay, let them be unmanly, yet are followed."
+
+H. E.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+"DAYS OF MY YOUTH."
+
+The following lines are understood to have been written by the late Mr. St.
+George Tucker of Virginia, U. S. Any information in support of this
+opinion, or, if it be unfounded, in disproof of it, is requested by
+
+T.
+
+          DAYS OF MY YOUTH.
+
+  Days of my youth! ye have glided away,
+  Hairs of my youth! ye are frosted and gray;
+  Eyes of my youth! your keen sight is no more;
+  Cheeks of my youth! ye are furrow'd all o'er;
+  Strength of my youth! all your vigour is gone;
+  Thoughts of my youth! all your visions are flown!
+
+  Days of my youth! I wish not your recall,
+  Hairs of my youth! I'm content you should fall;
+  Eyes of my youth! ye much evil have seen;
+  Cheeks of my youth! bathed in tears have you been;
+  Thoughts of my youth! ye have led me astray;
+  Strength of my youth! why lament your decay!
+
+  Days of my age! ye will shortly be past;
+  Pains of my age! yet awhile can ye last;
+  Joys of my age! in true wisdom delight;
+  Eyes of my age! be religion your light;
+  Thoughts of my age! dread not the cold sod,
+  Hopes of my age! be ye fix'd on your God!--ST. GEORGE TUCKER, Judge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Randall Minshull and his Cheshire Collections._--Of what family was
+Randall Minshull, who, in the Addenda to Gower's _Sketch for a History of_
+{468} _Cheshire_, p. 94., is stated to have professedly made a collection
+for the _Antiquities of Cheshire_ by the desire of Lord Malpas? and where
+is such collection at the present time to met with?
+
+CESTRIENSIS.
+
+_Mackey's "Theory of the Earth."_--I have a small pamphlet entitled,
+
+    "A New Theory of the Earth and of Planetary Motion; in which it is
+    demonstrated that the Sun is Vicegerent of his own System. By Sampson
+    Arnold Mackey, author of _Mythological Astronomy_ and _Urania's Key to
+    the Revelations, &c._ Norwich, printed for the Author."
+
+There is no date on the title-page, but a notice on the second page
+indicates 1825. The book is extraordinary, and shows great astronomical and
+philological attainments, with some startling facts in geology, and bold
+theories as to the formation of the earth. I have endeavoured to procure
+the other two works of which Mr. Mackey is said to be the author, and also
+some account of him, but without success. I can hardly suppose that a
+writer of so much ability and learning can be unknown, and shall feel much
+obliged by any information as to him or his writings.
+
+J. WARD.
+
+Coventry.
+
+_Birthplace of King Edward V._--Can you give me any information as to the
+exact birthplace of this monarch?
+
+Hume (vol. ii. p. 430.) merely says that he was born while his mother was
+in sanctuary in London, and his father was a fugitive from the victorious
+Earl of Warwick.
+
+Commynes (book iii. chap. 5.) also says that she took refuge "es franchises
+qui sont a Londres," and "y accoucha d'ung filz en grant povrete."
+
+Chastellain, at p. 486. of his _Chronique_, says: "Elle alla a
+Saincte-Catherine, une abbeye, disoient aucuns: aucuns autres disoient a
+Vasemonstre (Westminster), lieu de franchise, qui oncques n'avoit este
+corrompu."
+
+I should be glad to have some more definite information on this point, if
+any of your readers can supply it.
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+_Name of Infants._--In Scotland there is a superstition that it is unlucky
+to tell the name of infants before they are christened. Can this be
+explained?
+
+R. J. A.
+
+_Geometrical Curiosity._--Take half a sheet of note-paper; fold and crease
+it so that two opposite corners exactly meet; then fold and crease it so
+that the remaining two opposite corners exactly meet. Armed with a fine
+pair of scissors, proceed now to repeat both these folds alternately
+without cessation, taking care to cut off quite flush and clear all the
+overlappings on both sides after each fold. When these overlappings become
+too small to be cut off, _the paper is in the shape of a circle_, _i. e._
+the ultimate intersection of an infinite series of tangents. Perhaps
+PROFESSOR DE MORGAN will give the _rationale_ of this procedure.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Denison Family._--Can any correspondent of "N. & Q." inform me how the
+Denisons of Denbies, near Dorking, in Surrey, and the Denisons of
+Ossington, in Nottinghamshire, were related? Who was Mr. Robert Denison of
+Nottingham, who took a very active part in politics at the commencement of
+the French Revolution? His wife had a handsome legacy from a rich old lady,
+one Mrs. Williams, of whom I would much like to know something farther.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_"Came."_--In Pegge's _Anecdotes of the English Language_, p. 189., we
+read:
+
+    "The real preterit of the Saxon verb _coman_, is _com_. _Came_ is
+    therefore a violent infringement, though it is impossible to detect the
+    innovator, or any of his accomplices."
+
+When was the word _came_ introduced into our language? Early instances of
+its use would be very welcome.
+
+H. T. G.
+
+Hull.
+
+_Montmartre._--By some this name is derived from _mons martis_; by others
+from _mons martyrum_. Which is the more satisfactory etymology, and upon
+what authority does it rest?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Law of Copyright: British Museum._--Observing that the _new_ law of
+copyright, which was passed and came into operation on the 1st of July,
+1842, _expressly repeals_ all of the statutes previously existing on that
+subject, I am anxious to know, through the medium of "N. & Q.," if the
+British Museum authorities can claim and enforce the delivery of any book,
+_although not entered on the books of Stationers' Hall_, which may have
+been printed and published _before_ the passing of the said act of 1842. If
+so, then what is the state of the act or statute which bears upon that
+particular privilege?
+
+J. A.
+
+Glasgow.
+
+_Veneration for the Oak._--The oak--"the brave old oak"--has been an object
+of veneration in this country from the primaeval to the present times. The
+term _oak_ is used in several places in Scripture, but nowhere does it
+appear to refer to the oak as we know it--_our indigenous oak_. The _oak_,
+under which God appeared to Abraham, bears apparently a resemblance to the
+_tree of life_ of the Assyrian sculptures; and, perhaps, the _Zoroastrian_
+{469} _Homa_, or sacred tree, and the _sacred tree of the Hindus_; and the
+same may yet be found in the _British oak_. Is there a botanical affinity
+between these trees? Are they all _oaks_? Was the _tree of life_, as
+described in the Bible, an _oak_?
+
+G. W.
+
+Stansted, Montfichet.
+
+_Father Matthew's Chickens._--Can any of your correspondents explain why
+grouse in Scotland are sometimes called "Father Matthew's chickens?"
+
+M. R. G.
+
+_Pronunciation of Bible and Prayer Book proper Names._--I feel sure that
+many of your clerical correspondents would feel much obliged by any
+assistance that might be forwarded them through the medium of your columns
+respecting the correct pronunciation of those proper names which occur
+during divine service: such as Sabaoth, Moriah, Aceldama, Sabacthani,
+Abednego, and several others of the same class.--The opinions already given
+in publications are so contradictory, that I have been induced to ask you
+to insert this Query.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+_MSS. of Anthony Bave._--I possess a volume of MS. Sermons, Treatises, and
+Memorandums in the autograph of one Anthony Bave, who appears, from the
+doctrines broached therein, to have been a moderate Puritan. What is known
+concerning him? It is a book I value much from the beauty of the writing
+and the vigorous style of the discourses.
+
+R. C. WARDE.
+
+Kidderminster.
+
+_Return of Gentry, temp. Hen. VI._--In what collection, or where, can the
+Return of Gentry of England 12th Henry VI. be seen or met with?
+
+GLAIUS.
+
+_Taylor's "Holy Living."_--In Pickering's edition of this work (London,
+1848), _some_ of the quotations are placed in square brackets (_e. g._ on
+p. xii.); and _some_ of the paragraphs have an asterisk prefixed to them
+(as on p. 8.). Why?
+
+A. A. D.
+
+_Captain Jan Dimmeson._--Can any one give me some information about him? I
+find his name on a pane of glass, with the date of 1667, in the vicinity of
+Windsor. I had not an opportunity to obtain a copy of some words that were
+painted on the glass, beneath a fine flowing sea with a ship in full sail
+upon its bosom.
+
+F. M.
+
+_Greek and Roman Fortification._--Where can I obtain an account of Greek
+and Roman fortification? I am surprised to find that Smith's _Classical
+Dictionary_ has no article upon that subject.
+
+J. H. J.
+
+_The Queen at Chess._--In the old titles of the men at chess, the queen,
+who does all the hard work, was called the prime minister, or grand vizier.
+When did the change take place, and who thought of giving all the power to
+a woman? Truly in the game "woman is the head of the man," reversing the
+just order.
+
+C. S. W.
+
+_Vida on Chess._--I have had in my possession for more than five years a
+translation of Vida on _Chess_. It is in the handwriting of a celebrated
+poet of the last century; but whether a mere transcript or a version of his
+own, is more than I can affirm. Now, I shall feel obliged by any
+information on the subject, whether positive or negative, and transcribe
+the exordium with that view. It is not the version which was made by George
+Jeffreys, and revised by _Alexander Pope_[1]:
+
+         "Vida's Scacchis, or Chess."
+
+ "Armies of box that sportively engage,
+  And mimick real battels in their rage,
+  Pleas'd I recount; how smit with glory's charms,
+  Two mighty monarchs met in adverse arms,
+  Sable and white: assist me to explore,
+  Ye Serian nymphs, what ne'er was sung before."
+
+Bolton Corney.
+
+[Footnote 1: The only one which I have seen.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Thornton Abbey._--Can any of your readers give me some information
+respecting an old and ruinous building called "Thornton Abbey," situate
+about ten miles from Grimsby, Lincolnshire, and also about two miles from
+the river Humber?
+
+VICTOR.
+
+Grimsby.
+
+    [Tanner states, the house was called Thorneton Curteis, and Torrington.
+    It was founded by William le Gros, Earl of Albemarle, and Lord of
+    Holderness, about the year 1139, for Austin Canons, and was dedicated
+    to the Virgin Mary. Dugdale says, that when first founded it was a
+    priory, and the monks were introduced from the monastery of Kirkham;
+    but was changed into an abbey by Pope Eugenius III., A.D. 1148. Though
+    Henry VIII. suppressed the Abbey, he reserved the greater part of the
+    lands to endow a college, which he erected in its room, for a dean and
+    prebendaries, to the honour of the Holy and Undivided Trinity. From the
+    remains it must have been a magnificent building. Originally it
+    consisted of an extensive quadrangle, surrounded by a deep ditch, with
+    high ramparts, and built in a style adapted for occasional defence. To
+    the east of the gateway are the remains of the abbey church. The
+    chapter-house, part of which is standing, was of an octangular shape,
+    and highly decorated. On the south of the ruins of the church is a
+    building, now occupied as a farm-house, which formerly was the
+    residence of the abbots. It was afterwards the seat of Edward {470}
+    Skinner, Esq., who married Ann, daughter of Sir William Wentworth,
+    brother to the unfortunate Earl of Strafford. The estate was purchased
+    from one of the Skinner family by Sir Richard Sutton, Bart.; it is now
+    in the possession of Lord Yarborough. In taking down a wall in the
+    ruins of the abbey, a human skeleton was found, with a table, a book,
+    and a candle-stick. It is supposed to have been the remains of the
+    fourteenth abbot, who, it is stated, was for some crime sentenced to be
+    immured--a mode of capital punishment not uncommon in monasteries. Four
+    views of the abbey are given in Allen's _History of Lincolnshire_, vol
+    ii., and some farther notices of its ancient state will be found in
+    Dugdale's _Monasticon_, vol. vi. pl. i. p. 324.; Tanner's _Notitia_,
+    Lincolnshire, lxxvii.; and _Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. ix. p.
+    684.]
+
+_Bishop Wilson's "Sacra Privata."_--In the new edition of this work, p.
+381., there is given a table of "The Collects, with their Tendencies."
+Under the head of Fasting, references are made to the First Sunday in Lent,
+_and the Tenth and Twenty-third after Trinity_.--There must be some mistake
+in this, as the last two collects refer to prayer. This for your
+correspondent MR. DENTON, to whom I understand the Church is indebted for
+the redintegration of the good bishop's journal.
+
+A. A. D.
+
+    [We have submitted the above to the REV. WILLIAM DENTON, who expresses
+    his obligations to A. A. D. for pointing out the error, which seems to
+    have escaped the notice of all the previous editors of the _Sacra
+    Privata_. The second edition is now at press, and, if not too late, the
+    correction will be made. MR. DENTON doubts whether the list after all
+    is the bishop's; but thinks it was only copied by him from some work.
+    Can any one point out the source? It is singular that another mistake
+    of the bishop's should have escaped the notice of all previous editors,
+    namely, the tendency of the collect for Whit-Sunday being described as
+    _Humiliation_ instead of _Illumination_.]
+
+_Derivation of "Chemistry."_--Are there any historical reasons for deriving
+the word _chemistry_ from _Chemi_, the name of Egypt, as is done by Bunsen
+and others?
+
+T. H. T.
+
+    [Dr. Thomson, the writer of the article "Chemistry" in the
+    _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, thus notices this derivation: "The generally
+    received opinion among alchymistical writers was, that chemistry
+    originated in Egypt; and the honour of the invention has been
+    unanimously conferred on Hermes Trismegistus. He is by some supposed to
+    be the same person with Chanaan, the son of Ham, whose son Mizraim
+    first occupied and peopled Egypt. Plutarch informs us that Egypt was
+    sometimes called _Chemia_: this name is supposed to be derived from
+    Chanaan. Hence it was inferred that Chanaan was the inventor of
+    _chemistry_, to which he affixed his own name. Whether the Hermes of
+    the Greeks was Chanaan, or his son Mizraim, it is impossible to decide;
+    but to Hermes is assigned the invention of _chemistry_, or _the art of
+    making gold_, by almost the unanimous consent of the adepts." Dr.
+    Webster says, "The orthography of this word has undergone changes
+    through a mere ignorance of its origin, than which nothing can be more
+    obvious. It is the Arabic _kimia_, the occult art or science, from
+    _kamai_, to conceal. This was originally the art or science now called
+    alchemy; the art of converting baser metals into gold." Webster says
+    the correct orthography is _chimistry_.]
+
+_Burning for Witchcraft._--When and where was the last person burned to
+death for witchcraft in England?
+
+W. R.
+
+    [We believe the last case of burning for witchcraft was at Bury St.
+    Edmunds in 1664, tried by Sir Matthew Hale, although some accounts
+    state that the victims, Amy Duny and Rose Callender, were executed. In
+    the same year Alice Hudson was burnt at York for having received 10s.
+    at a time from his Satanic majesty. The last case of burning in
+    Scotland was in Sutherland, A.D. 1722: the judge was Captain David
+    Ross, of Little Dean. At Glarus, in Ireland, a servant girl was burnt
+    so late as 1786. The last authenticated instance of the swimming ordeal
+    occurred in 1785, and is quoted by Mr. Sternberg from a _Northampton
+    Mercury_ of that year:--"A poor woman named Sarah Bradshaw, of Mears
+    Ashby, who was accused of being a witch, in order to prove her
+    innocence, submitted to the ignominy of being dipped, when she
+    immediately sunk to the bottom of the pond, which was deemed to be an
+    incontestable proof that she was no witch!"]
+
+_The Small City Companies._--Where does the fullest information appear
+respecting their early condition, &c.? Herbert's work only occasionally
+refers to them, and I am aware of many incidental notices of them in
+Histories of London, &c.; but it does not amount to much, and I should be
+glad to know if there is no fuller account of them. The companies of
+Pewterers or Bakers, for example.
+
+B.
+
+    [Beside the incidental notices to be found in Stow, Maitland, and
+    Seymour, our correspondent must consult the Harleian MSS.; and if he
+    will turn to the Index volume at p. 294., he will find references to
+    the following companies:--Bakers', Drapers', Painters', Stainers',
+    Pinners', Scriveners', Skinners', Wax-chandlers', Wharfingers',
+    Weavers', and other miscellaneous notes relating to the city of London
+    generally.]
+
+_Rousseau and Boileau._--Are there any full and complete English
+translations of Rousseau's _Confessions_ and Boileau's _Satires_?
+
+ALLEDIUS.
+
+    [The following translations have been published:--_The Confessions of
+    J. J. Rousseau_, in two Parts, London, 12mo., five vols., 1790;
+    Boileau's _Satires_, 8vo., 1808: see also his _Works_ made English by
+    Mr. Ozell and others, two vols. 8vo., London, 1711-12, and three vols.
+    8vo., London, 1714.]
+
+_Bishop Kennett's MS. Diary._--Where is Bishop Kennett's MS. Diary, from
+which his often-cited description of Dean Swift is taken, to be found?
+{471} Sir Walter Scott (Swift's _Works_, vol. xvi. p. 76.) says "it was
+formerly in the possession of Lord Lansdowne, and is now in the British
+Museum." I have never been able to find it.
+
+F. B.
+
+    [The _Diary_ here referred to by Sir Walter Scott will be found at p.
+    428. in Lansdowne MS. 1024., which forms the third and last volume of
+    Bishop Kennett's "Materials for an Ecclesiastical History of England."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 596.; Vol. vii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375.)
+
+It may be worth recording, that among the MS. papers of the late James
+Boswell, which were I believe sold by auction by Messrs. Sotheby and Co.,
+there was the office copy and probate of the will of Milton's widow. She
+was described as Elizabeth Milton of Namptwich, widow; and it was dated the
+27th of August, 1727. In the will she bequeathed all her effects, after the
+payment of her debts, to be divided between her nieces and nephews in
+Namptwich; and named as her executors, Samuel Acton and John Allcock, Esqs.
+Probate was granted to John Allcock, October 10, 1727.
+
+Beside this, there was a bond or acquittance, dated 1680 from Richard
+Mynshull, described of Wistaston in Cheshire, frame-work knitter, for
+100_l_. received of Mrs. Elizabeth Milton in consideration of a transfer to
+her of a lease for lives, or ninety-nine years, of a messuage at Brindley
+in Cheshire, held under Sir Thomas Wilbraham.
+
+There were also receipts or releases from Milton's three daughters, Anne
+Milton, Mary Milton, and Deborah Clarke (to the last of which Abraham
+Clarke was a party): the first two dated Feb. 22, 1674; the last, March 27
+in the same year; for 100l. each, received of Elizabeth Milton their
+step-mother in consideration of their shares of their father's estate. The
+sums were, with the consent of Christopher Milton and Richard Powell, both
+described of the Inner Temple, to be disposed of in the purchase of
+rent-charges or annuities for the benefit of the said daughters.
+
+Two of these documents appear to be now in the possession of your
+correspondents MR. MARSH and MR. HUGHES; but I have met with no mention
+hitherto of the destination of the others.
+
+These may seem trifling minutiae to notice, but nothing can fairly be
+considered unimportant which may lead to the elucidation of the domestic
+history of Milton.
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+Mickleham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OATHS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 364.)
+
+There can be no doubt that, as your correspondent suggests, the judicial
+oath was originally taken without kissing the book, but with the form of
+laying the right hand upon it; and, moreover that this custom is of Pagan
+origin. Amongst the Greeks, oaths were frequently accompanied by sacrifice;
+and it was the custom to lay the hands upon the victim, or upon the altar,
+thereby calling to witness the deity by whom the oath was sworn. So
+Juvenal, _Sat._ XIV. 218.:
+
+ "Falsus erit testis, vendet perjuria summa
+  Exigua, et Cereris tangens aramque pedemque."
+
+Christians under the later Roman emperors adopted from the Greeks a similar
+ceremony. In the well-known case of Omychund _v._ Barker, heard in
+Michaelmas Term, 1744, and reported in 1 Atk. 27., the Solicitor-General
+quoted a passage from Selden, which gives us some information on this
+point:
+
+    "Mittimus hic, principibus Christianis, ut ex historiis satis obviis
+    liquet, solennia fuisse et peculiaria juramenta, ut per vultum sancti
+    Lucae, per pedem Christi, per sanctum hunc vel illum, ejusmodi alia
+    nimis crebra: _Inolevit hero tandem, ut quemadmodum Pagani sacris ac
+    mysteriis aliquo suis aut tactis aut praesentibus jurare solebant, ita
+    solenniora Christianorum juramenta fierent, aut tactis sacrosanctis
+    evangeliis, aut inspectis, aut in eorum praesentia manu ad pectus amota,
+    sublata aut protensa_; atque is corporaliter seu personaliter
+    juramentum praestari dictum est, ut ab juramentis per epistolam, aut in
+    scriptis solummodo praestitis distingueretur, inde in vulgi passim ore."
+
+Lord Coke tells us, in the passage quoted at p. 364., that this was called
+the corporal oath, because the witness "toucheth with his hand some part of
+the Holy Scripture;" but the better opinion seems to be, that it was so
+called from the ancient custom of laying the hands upon the _corporale_, or
+cloth which covered the sacred elements, by which the most solemn oath was
+taken in Popish times.
+
+As to the form of kissing the book, I am inclined to think that it is not
+of earlier date than the latter part of the sixteenth century, and that it
+was first prescribed as part of the ceremony of taking the oaths of
+allegiance and supremacy. In the _Harl. Misc._, vol. vi. p. 282. (edit.
+1810), is an account of the trial of Margaret Fell and George Fox, for
+refusing to take the oath of allegiance, followed by "An Answer to Bishop
+Lancelot Andrewe's Sermon concerning Swearing." At p 298., Fox brings
+forward instances of conscientious scruples among Christians in former
+times, respecting the taking of oaths. He says:
+
+    "Did not the Pope, when he had got up over the churches, give forth
+    both oath and curse, with bell, {472} book, and candle? And was not the
+    ceremony of his oath, to lay three fingers a-top of the book, to
+    signify the Trinity; and two fingers under the book, to signify
+    damnation of body and soul if they sware falsely? And was not there a
+    great number of people that would not swear, and suffered great
+    persecution, as read the _Book of Martyrs_ but to Bonner's days? And it
+    is little above an hundred years since the Protestants got up; and they
+    gave forth the oath of allegiance, and the oath of supremacy: the one
+    was to deny the Pope's supremacy, and the other to acknowledge the
+    kings of England; _so we need not tell to you of their form, and show
+    you the ceremony of the oath; it saith_, '_Kiss the book_;' and the
+    book saith 'Kiss the Son,' which saith 'Swear not at all.'"
+
+Still the laying of the hand on the book seems to have been an essential
+form; for, during the trial, when the oath was offered to Margaret Fell,
+"the clerk held out the book, and bid her pull off her glove, and lay her
+hand on the book" (_H. M._, p. 285.). And directly after, when the oath had
+been read to Fox, the following scene is described:
+
+    "'Give him the book,' _said they_; and so a man that stood by him held
+    up the book, and said, 'Lay your hand on the book.'
+
+    "_Geo. Fox._ 'Give me the book in my hand.' Which set them all
+    a-gazing, and as in hope he would have sworn."
+
+And it appears from the case of Omychund v. Barker, that, at that time, the
+usual form was by laying the right hand on the book, and kissing it
+afterwards (1 Atk. 42.). It seems not improbable that Paley's suggestion,
+in his _Moral Philosophy_, vol. i. p. 192. (10th edit.), may be correct. He
+says:
+
+    "The kiss seems rather an act of reverence to the contents of the book,
+    as, in the Popish ritual, the priest kisses the gospel before he reads
+    it, than any part of the oath."
+
+The Query respecting the Welsh custom I must leave to those who are better
+informed respecting the judicial forms of that country; merely suggesting
+whether the practice alluded to by your correspondent may not originally
+have had a meaning similar to that of the three fingers on the book, and
+two under, as described by Fox in the passage above quoted.
+
+ERICA.
+
+Warwick.
+
+In the bailiwick of Guernsey the person sworn lifts his right hand, and the
+presiding judge, who administers the oath, says "Vous jurez par la foi et
+le serment que vous devez a Dieu que," &c. Oaths of office, however, are
+taken on the Gospels, and are read to the person swearing by the greffier,
+or clerk of the court. The reason of this difference may be accounted for
+by the fact that the official oaths, as they now exist, appear to have been
+drawn up about the beginning of the reign of James I., and that in all
+probability the form was enjoined by the superior authority of the Privy
+Council.
+
+Which of the two forms was generally used before the Reformation, I have
+not been able to discover; but in an account of the laws, privileges, and
+customs of the island, taken by way of inquisition in the year 1331, but
+more fully completed and approved in the year 1441, it appears that the
+juries of the several parishes were sworn "sur Sainctes Evangiles de Dieu
+par eulx et par chacun d'eulx corporellement touche,"--"par leurs
+consciences sur le peril de la dampnation de leurs ames."
+
+I remember to have seen men from some of the Baltic ports, when told to
+lift their right hands to be sworn, double down the ring finger and the
+little finger, as is done by bishops in the Roman Catholic Church when
+giving the benediction.
+
+In France the person making oath lifts his right hand. The oath is
+administered by the presiding judge without any reference to the Deity, but
+the person who swears is required to answer "Je le jure." I observed that
+in Britanny, when the person sworn was ignorant of the French language, the
+answer was "Va Doue," which, I believe, means in the Breton dialect, "By
+God."
+
+In the Ecclesiastical Court of Guernsey I have seen the book presented to
+the person swearing open at one of the Gospels; but in the Royal Court the
+book is put into the right hand of the party making oath, shut. In either
+case it is required that the book should be kissed.
+
+HONORE DE MAREVILLE.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COMMINATORY INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 64. 153.)
+
+Many inscriptions, comminatory or exhortatory, written in books and
+directed to readers, have been commemorated in "N. & Q." Towards the
+beginning of the present century, the most common epigram of the kind in
+the French public schools was the following elegant motto, with its
+accompanying illustration:
+
+ "Aspice _Pierrot_ pendu,
+  Quota librum n'a pas rendu!"
+
+Poor Pierrot is exhibited in a state of suspension, as hanging from the
+inverted letter L ([Gamma]), which symbolises the fatal tree. Comminatory
+and exhortatory cautions not to soil, spoil, or tear books and MSS. occur
+so frequently in the records of monastic libraries, that a whole album
+could easily be filled with them. The coquettish bishop, Venantius
+Fortunatus, has a distich on the subject. Another learned Goth, Theud-wulf,
+or Theodulfus, Charlemagne's _Missus dominicus_, {473} recommends readers a
+proper ablution of their hands before turning the consecrated leaves:
+
+ "Utere me, lector, mentisque in sede locato;
+  Cumque librum petis hinc, sit tibi _lota_ manus!"--_Saith Library._
+
+Less lenient are the imprecations commemorated by Don Martenne and Wanley.
+The one inscribed on the blank leaf of a Sacramentary of the ninth century
+is to the following effect:
+
+    "Si quis eum (librum) de monasterio aliquo ingenio non redditurus,
+    abstraxerit, cum Juda proditore, Anna et Caipha, portionem aeternae
+    damnationis accipiat. Amen! Amen! Fiat! fiat!"--_Voyage Litteraire_, p.
+    67.
+
+That is fierce and fiery, and in very earnest. A MS. of the Bodleian bears
+this other inscription, to the same import:
+
+    "Liber Sanctae Mariae de Ponte Roberti. Qui eum abstulerit aut vendiderit
+    ... aut quamlibet ejus partem absciderit, sit anathema maranatha."
+
+Canisius, in his _Antiquae Lectiones_ (I. ii. p. 3. 320.), transcribes
+another comminatory distich, copied from a MS. of the Saint Gall library:
+
+ "Auferat hunc librum _nullus hinc_, omne per aevum,
+    Cum Gallo partem quisquis habere cupit!"
+
+Such recommendations are now no longer in use, and seem rather excessive.
+But whoever has witnessed the extreme carelessness, not to say improbity,
+of some of the readers admitted into the public continental libraries, who
+scruple not to soil, spoil, and even purloin the most precious and rare
+volumes, feels easily reconciled to the _anathema maranatha_ of the ninth
+and tenth centuries.
+
+P.S.--Excuse my French-English.
+
+PHILARETE CHASLES, Mazarinaeus.
+
+Paris, Palais de l'Institut.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LIVERIES WORN, AND MENIAL SERVICES PERFORMED, BY GENTLEMEN.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 146.)
+
+However remarkable the conduct of the rustic esquire of Downham may appear
+in the present duly, when he accepted and wore the livery of his neighbour
+the Knight-Baronet of Houghton Tower, it was a Common practice for
+gentlemen of good birth and estate to accept and wear, and even to assume
+without solicitation, upon state occasions, the livery of an influential
+neighbour, friend, or relation, in testimony of respect and affection for
+the giver of the livery.
+
+Thus it appears in the Diary of Nicholas Assheton that, in 1617, to the
+Court at Mirescough "Cooz Assheton came with his gentlemanlie servants as
+anie was there," and that the retinue of menial servants in attendance upon
+Sir Richard Houghton was graced by the presence of more than one country
+gentleman of good family. Baines, in his _History of Lancashire_, vol. ii.
+p. 366., also relates concerning Humphrey Chetham, that--
+
+    "In 1635 he was nominated to serve the office of sheriff of the county,
+    and discharged the duties thereof with great honour, several gentlemen
+    of birth and estate attending and wearing his livery at the assizes, to
+    testify their respect and affection for him."
+
+Evelyn, in his _Diary_, gives a similar account of the conduct of "divers
+gentlemen and persons of quality" in the counties of Surrey and Sussex:
+
+    "1634. My father was appointed sheriff for Surrey and Sussex before
+    they were disjoyned. He had 116 servants in liverys, every one livery'd
+    in greene sattin doublets. Divers gentlemen and persons of quality
+    waited on him in the same garbe and habit, which at that time (when
+    thirty or forty was the the usual retinue of the high sheriff) was
+    esteemed a great matter. Nor was this out of the least vanity that my
+    father exceeded (who was one of the greatest decliners of it); but
+    because he could not refuse the civility of his friends and relations,
+    who voluntarily came themselves, or sent in their servants."
+
+The practice of assuming the livery of a relation or friend, and of
+permitting servants also to wear it, appears to have existed in England in
+the time of Richard II., and to have had the personal example of this
+sovereign to support it. He seems, however, to have thereby excited the
+disapprobation of many of his spiritual and temporal peers. I produce the
+following passage with some hesitation, because it is by no means certain
+that any one of the liveries thus assumed by Richard was a livery of cloth:
+
+    "17^{th} Richard II. A.D. 1393-4.
+
+    "Richard Count d'Arundell puis le comencement de cest present Parlement
+    disoit au Roy, en presence des Achevesques de Canterbirs et d'Everwyk,
+    le Duc de Gloucestr', les Evesques de Wyncestre et Saresbirs, le Count
+    de Warrewyk et autres....
+
+    "Item [=q] le Roy deust porter la Livere de coler le Duc de Guyene et
+    de Lancastr'.
+
+    "Item [=q] gentz de retenue de Roi portent mesme la Livere....
+
+    "A qei [=n]re S[=r] le Roi alors respondi au dit Count ... [=q] bientot
+    apres la venue son dit uncle de Guyene quant il vient d'Espaign darrein
+    en Engleterre [=q] mesme [=n]re S[=r] le Roi prist le Coler du cool
+    mesme son uncle et mist a son cool demesne et dist q'il vorroit porter
+    et user en signe de bon amour d'entier coer entre eux auxi come il fait
+    les Liveres ses autres uncles.
+
+    "Item (quant au tierce) [=n]re S[=r] le Roi disoit [=q] ceo fuist de
+    counge de luy et de sa volunte [=q] gentz de sa retenue portent et
+    usent mesme la Livere de Coler."--_Rolls of Parliament_, vol. iii. p.
+    313.
+
+    "Richard Earl of Arundel, after the commencement of this present
+    parliament, said to the King in the presence of the archbishops of
+    Canterbury and of York, {474} the Duke of Gloucester, the Bishops of
+    Winchester and Salisbury, the Earl of Warwick, and others....
+
+    "Item. That the King uses to wear the livery of the collar of the Duke
+    of Guienne and of Lancaster.
+
+    "Item. That persons of the retinue of the King wear the same livery.
+
+    "To which our lord the King then answered to the said earl....
+
+    "That soon after the coming of his said uncle of Guienne, when he came
+    from Spain last into England, that himself our lord the King took the
+    collar from the neck of the same his uncle and put it on his own neck,
+    and said that he vowed to wear and to use it in sign of good love of
+    whole heart between them also, as he did the liveries of his other
+    uncles.
+
+    "Item (as to the third). Our lord the King said that it was by leave
+    from him, and by his wish, that persons of his retinue wear and use the
+    same livery of the collar."
+
+This practice of one of our early sovereigns seems to afford a precedent
+for the mode in which divers gentlemen and persons of quality voluntarily
+showed civility towards Richard Evelyn, and for that in which several
+gentlemen of birth and estate testified their respect and affection for
+Humphrey Chetham. Nicholas Assheton also appears to have the support of
+this royal precedent in so far as relates to his accepting and wearing the
+livery of a friend and neighbour; and the custom of his day evidently lends
+its sanction to his forming, upon a state occasion, one of the body of
+menial servants in attendance upon Sir Richard Houghton, when he went to
+meet the king.
+
+Another passage in the _Rolls of Parliament_ seems to afford a respectable
+civic precedent for the services performed by Nicholas Assheton and other
+liveried gentlemen, when they waited at the lords' table at Houghton Tower:
+
+    "11^{th} Edward III. A.D. 1337.
+
+    "A [=n]re Seigneur le Roy et a son conseil monstre Richard de Bettoyne
+    de Loundres, qe come au Coronement [=n]re Seigneur le Roy [=q] ore est
+    il adonge Meire de Loundres fesoit l'office de Botiller ove CCC e LX
+    vadletz vestutz d'une sute chescun portant en sa mayn un coupe blanche
+    d'argent come autres Meirs de Loundres ountz faitz as Coronementz des
+    [crossed p]genitours nostre Seigneur le Roy dont memoire ne court pars
+    et le fee q appendoit a cel jorne c'est asavoir un coupe d'or ove la
+    covercle et un ewer d'or enamaille lui fust livere [crossed p] assent
+    du Counte de Lancastre et d'autres Grantz qu'adonges y furent du
+    Conseil nostre Seigneur le Roy [crossed p] la mayn Sire Ro[/b]t de
+    Wodehouse et ore vient en estreite as Viscountes de Londres hors del
+    Chekker de faire lever des Biens et Chateux du dit Richard xx/iiii
+    ix_li._ xiis. vid. pur le fee avant dit dont il prie qe remedie lui
+    soit ordeyne.
+
+    "Et le Meire et Citoyens d'Oxenford ount [crossed p] point de chartre
+    q'ils vendront a Londres l'Encorronement d'eyder le Meire de Loundres
+    pur servir a la fest et toutz jours l'ount usee. Et si i plest a [=n]re
+    Seigneur le Roy et a son Conseil nous payerons volonters la fee issent
+    qe nous soyons descharges de la service."--_Rolls of Parliament_, vol.
+    ii. p. 96.
+
+    "To our lord the King and to his Council sheweth Richard de Bettoyne of
+    London, that whereas at the coronation of our lord the King that now
+    is, he their mayor of London performed the office of butler with three
+    hundred and sixty valets clothed of one suit each, bearing in his hand
+    a white cup of silver, as other mayors of London have done at the
+    coronations of the progenitors of our lord the King, whereof memory
+    runneth not, and the fee which appertained to this day's work, that is
+    to wit, a cup of gold with the cover, and a ewer of gold enamelled,
+    were delivered to him by assent of the Earl of Lancaster, and of the
+    other grandees who then there were of the council of our lord the King,
+    by the hand of Sire Robert de Wodehouse, and now comes in estreat to
+    the viscounts of London out of the Checquer, to cause to take the goods
+    and chattels of the said Richard, eighty-nine pounds twelve shillings
+    and sixpence, for the fee aforesaid, whereof he prays that remedy be
+    ordained to him.
+
+    "And the mayor and citizens of Oxford have, by point of charter, that
+    they shall come to London to the coronation, to help the mayor of
+    London to serve at the feast, and always have so done. And if it please
+    our lord the King and his Council, we will pay willingly the fee,
+    provided that we be discharged of the service."
+
+There can be little doubt that the citizens of Oxford bore their own
+travelling expenses; and it seems probable that the citizens of London and
+Oxford bore the cost of the three hundred and sixty suits of clothes and
+three hundred and sixty silver cups; but this is scarcely sufficient to
+account for their willingness to pay a sum of money equivalent to about
+fifteen hundred pounds in the present day, in order to be relieved from the
+honourable service of waiting clothed in uniform, each with a silver cup in
+his hand, helping the Mayor of London to perform the office of butler at
+coronation feasts. However this may be, it is still somewhat remarkable
+that, in the seventeenth century, Nicholas Assheton of Downham, Esq., and
+other gentlemen of Lancashire, upon a less important occasion than a
+coronation feast, dressed in the livery of Sir Richard Houghton and
+voluntarily attended, day after day, at the lords' table at Houghton Tower,
+and served the lords with biscuit, wine, and Jelly.
+
+J. LEWELYN CURTIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FEMALE PARISH CLERKS.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 338.)
+
+The cases of Rex _v._ Stubbs and Olive _v._ Ingram, mentioned in the
+following extracts from Prideaux's _Guide to Churchwardens_, p. 4., may be
+of service:
+
+    "Generally speaking, all persons _inhabitants_ of the parish are liable
+    to serve the office of churchwarden, {475} and from the cases of Rex
+    _v._ Stubbs (2 T. R. 395.; 1 Bott. 10.), in which it was held that a
+    woman is not exempt from serving the office of overseer of the poor,
+    and Olive _v._ Ingram (2 Str. 1114.), in which it was held that she may
+    be a parish sexton, there may, perhaps, be some ground for contending a
+    woman is not exempt from this duty."
+
+RUSSELL GOLE.
+
+A few years ago (she may still be so) there was a gentlewoman the parish
+clerk of some church in London; perhaps some of your readers may be able to
+say where: a deputy officiated, excepting occasionally. But many such
+instances have occurred.
+
+In a note in Prideaux's _Directions to Churchwardens_ (late edition), the
+following references are given as to the power of women to fill parochial
+and other such offices: Rex _v._ Stubbs, 2 T. R. 359.; Olive _v._ Ingram, 2
+Strange, 1114.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+I beg to inform Y. S. M. that when I went to reside near Lincoln in 1828, a
+woman was clerk to the parish of Sudbrooke, and died in that capacity a
+very few years after. I do not remember her name at this moment, but I
+could get all particulars if required on my return to Sudbrooke Holme.
+
+RICH. ELLISON.
+
+Balmoral Hotel, Broadstairs, Kent.
+
+I am able to mention another instance of a woman acting as parish clerk at
+Ickburgh, in the county of Norfolk. It is the parish to Buckenham Hall, the
+seat of the Honourable Francis Baring, near Thetford. A woman there has
+long officiated as parish clerk, and still continues acting in that
+capacity.
+
+F. R.
+
+I beg to refer Y. S. M. to the following passage Madame d'Arblay's _Diary_,
+vol. v. p. 246.:
+
+    "There was at Collumpton only a poor wretched ragged woman, a female
+    clerk, to show us this church: she pays a man for doing the duty, while
+    she receives the salary in right of her deceased husband!"
+
+M. L. G.
+
+At Misterton, near Crewkerne, in Somersetshire, Mary Mounford was clerk for
+more than thirty years. She gave up the office about the year 1832, and is
+now in Beaminster Union, just eighty-nine years old.
+
+HERBERT L. ALLEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POETICAL EPITHETS OF THE NIGHTINGALE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., p. 112.)
+
+To the one hundred and ten epithets poetically applied to the nightingale
+and its song, collected by MR. BEDE, permit me to add sixty-five more.
+
+  _Azure-crested._ Cowper.
+  _Bewailing._ Drummond.
+  _Chaunting._ Skelton.
+  _Chaste poet._ Grainger.
+  _Dappled._ Anon.[2]
+  _Darling._ Carey.
+  _Daulian minstrel._ Herrick.
+  _Delightful._ Shelley.
+  _Dusky-brown._ Trench.
+  _Early._ C. Smith.
+  _Elegiac._ Dibdin.
+  _Enamoured._ Shelley.
+  _Fabled._ Byron.
+  _Fair._ Smart.
+  _Greeful._[3] Lodge.
+  _Gurgling._ Lloyd.
+  _Hallow'd._ Moore.
+  _Hundred-throated._ Tennyson.
+  _Invisible._ Hurdis.
+  _Lesbian._ Bromley.
+  _Love-learned._ Thomson.
+  _Love-sick._ Warton.
+  _Loud-complaining._ Gibbons.
+  _Lulling._ Anon.[4]
+  _Lute-tongued._ Anon.[5]
+  _Mellow._ Strangford.
+  _Midnight minstrel._ Logan.
+  _Moody._ Hurdis.
+  _Nightly._ Bidlake.
+  _Pandionian._ Drummond.
+  _Panged._ Hood.
+  _Pitiful._ Herrick.
+  _Plaintful._ Drummond.
+  _Quavering._ Poole.
+  _Querulous._ Kennedy.
+  _Rapturous._ Southey.
+  _Rural._ Dryden.
+  _Sable._[6] Drummond.
+  _Sadly-pleasing._[7] Anon.
+  _Secret._ Shelley.
+  _Sely._ Chaucer.
+  _Sequestered._ J. Montgomery.
+  _Shy._ Dallas.
+  _Silver-tuned._ Carey.
+  _Simple._ Derrick.
+  _Sobbing._ Planche.
+  _Soft-tuned._ Whaley.
+  _Solitary._ Bowring.
+  _Sorrow-soothing._ Shaw.
+  _Sprightly._ Elton.
+  _Sweet-breasted._ Beaumont and Fletcher.
+  _Sweet-tongued._ Anon.[8]
+  _Sylvan syren._ Pattison.
+  _Tearful._ Potter.
+  _Tenderest._ Wiffen.
+  _Thracian._ Lewis.
+  _Transporting._ Hurdis.
+  _Unadorned._ Hurdis.
+  _Unhappy._ Croxall.
+  _Watchful._ Philips.
+  _Witching._ Proctor.
+  _Woodland._ Smith.
+  _Wretched._ Shirley.
+  _Wronged._ P. Fletcher.
+  _Yearly._ Drayton.
+  _Young._ Lewis.
+
+The character of the mere song alone has been described in the following
+terms:
+
+  _Melodious lay._ Potter.
+  _Lofty song._ Yalden.
+  _A storm of sound._ Shelley.
+  _Impressive lay._ Merry.
+  _Swelling slow._ Kirk White.
+  _Tremulously slow._ C. Smith.
+  _Wild melody._ Shelley.
+  _Thick melodious note._ Lloyd.
+  _Hymn of lore._ Logan.
+  _Melting lay._ Henley.
+  _Harmonious woe._ Pomfret.
+  _Well-tuned warble._ Shakspeare.
+  {476}
+  _Luscious lays._ Warton.
+  _Sadly sweet._ Potter.
+  _Varied strains._ Pope.
+  _Thick-warbled notes._ Milton.
+
+W. PINKERTON.
+
+Ham.
+
+[Footnote 2: Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1838.]
+
+[Footnote 3:
+
+ "I regard the prettie, greeful bard
+  With tearfull, yet delightfull, notes complaine."--_Heliconia._
+
+[Footnote 4: Lays of the Minnesingers.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Weekly Visitor, July, 1835.]
+
+[Footnote 6: "Night's sable birds, which plain when others
+sleep."--_Thaumantia._]
+
+[Footnote 7: Evening Elegy.--_Poetical Calendar._]
+
+[Footnote 8: Harleian Miscellany, vol. viii.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Photographic Exhibition._--We understand that the Photographic Society has
+made arrangements for an exhibition of photographs in the metropolis during
+the months of January and February next. The exhibition will not be
+confined to the works of native photographers, but will comprise specimens
+of the most eminent foreign artists, who have been specially invited to
+contribute. From the advances which have been made in this favourite art,
+even since the recent exhibition in the rooms of the Society of Arts, we
+may confidently anticipate that the display on the present occasion will be
+one of the highest interest.
+
+_How much Light is obstructed by a Lens?_--Can any of your scientific
+correspondents furnish me with an approximation to the quantity of light
+which is transmitted through an ordinary double achromatic lens, say of
+Ross, Voightlander, or any other celebrated maker?
+
+LUX.
+
+_Stereoscopic Articles._--I cannot agree to my opponent's assumed amendment
+(?) (Vol. viii., p. 419.) _space_, for the simple reason that it would be
+virtually abandoning the whole of the points in dispute between us; when
+farther discussion and more mature consideration, only tend to convince me
+more firmly of the correctness of the propositions I have advocated, viz.:
+
+1st. That circumstances _may_ and _do_ arise in which a better result is
+obtained in producing stereographs, when the chord of the angle of
+generation is more or less than 2-1/2 inches.
+
+2nd. That the positions of the camera should _not_ be parallel but radial.
+
+I certainly thought that I had, as I intended, expressed the fact that I
+treat the cameras _precisely as two eyes_, and moreover I still contend
+that they should be so treated; my object being to present to each eye
+_exactly such a picture and in such a direction as would be presented under
+certain circumstances_. The plane of delineation being a flat, instead of a
+curved surface, has nothing whatever to do with this point, because the
+curves of the retinas are not portions of one curve having a common centre,
+but each having its own centre in the axis of the pupil. That a plane
+surface for receiving the image is not so good as a spherical one would be,
+is not disputed; but this observation applies to photographs _universally_,
+and is only put up with as the lesser of two evils. A plane surface
+necessarily contracts the field of view to such a space as could be cut out
+of the periphery of a hollow sphere, the versed sine of which bears but a
+small ratio to its chord.
+
+There is another misunderstanding into which my opponent has fallen, viz.
+the part of the object to be delineated, which should form the centre of
+radiation, is not the most contiguous visible point, but the most remote
+principal point of observation. I perceive that this is the case from two
+illustrations he was kind enough to forward me, being stereographs of a
+[T-square] square, placed with the points of junction towards the observer,
+and the tail receding from him; and in one case the angle of the square is
+made the centre of radiation, and while its distance from the camera is
+only six feet, the points of delineation are no less than three feet apart.
+
+To push an argument to the extreme to test its value, is quite right; but
+this goes far beyond the extreme, if I may be allowed such a very Hibernian
+expression.
+
+No object, however minute, can be clearly seen if brought nearer to the
+eyes than a certain point, because it will be what is technically called
+out of focus. It is true that this point differs in different individuals,
+but the _average distance_ of healthy vision is 10 inches. Now, adopting
+MR. MERRITT'S own standard of 2-1/2 inches between the eyes, it is clear that
+supposing the central point had been rightly selected, the distance between
+the cameras was _only double_ what might have been taken an extreme
+distance. It is scarcely necessary to suggest what a person devoid of taste
+(in which category I am no doubt included) might do in producing
+monstrosities by adopting the radial method, as such an one is not very
+likely to produce good results at all.
+
+I now address myself to another accusation. It is quite true that I am
+unacquainted with the _scholastic dogmas_ of perspective, but equally true
+that I am familiar with _the facts_ thereof, as any one must be who has
+studied optical and geometrical science generally; and while I concur in
+the propositions as enunciated for a one-eyed picture, I by no means agree
+to the assumption that the "vanishing points," in the two stereographs
+taken radially with the necessary precautions, "would be so far apart, that
+they could not in the stereoscope flow into one;" on the contrary, direct
+experiment shows me, what reason also suggests, that they do flow into one
+as _completely as in nature when viewed by both eyes_.
+
+I put the proposition thus, because I do not hesitate to avow that in
+nature, as interpreted by binocular vision, these points do not
+_absolutely_, but only approximately, flow _into one_; otherwise one eye
+would be as effective as two.
+
+I have not the smallest objection to my views being considered "false to
+art," as, alas! her fidelity to nature is by no means beyond suspicion.
+{477}
+
+Lastly, as to the model-like appearance of stereographs taken at a large
+angle, for the fact I need only refer the objector to most of the beautiful
+foreign views now so abundant in our opticians' shops: for the reason, is
+it not palpable that increasing the width of the eyes is analogous to
+decreasing the size of the object? and if naturally we cannot "perceive at
+one view three sides of a cake, two heads of a drum, nor any other like
+absurdity," it is only because we do not use objects sufficiently _small_
+to permit us to do so. Even while I am writing this, I have before me a
+small rectangular inkholder about 1-1/4 inches square, and distant from my
+eyes about one foot, in which the very absurd phenomenon complained of does
+exist, the front, top, and _both_ sides being perfectly visible at once:
+and being one of those obstinate fellows who will persist in judging
+personally from experience if possible, I fear I shall be found
+incorrigible on the points on which your correspondent has so kindly
+endeavoured to enlighten me.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_To introduce Clouds_ (Vol. viii., p. 451.) as desired by your
+correspondent [Greek: S]., the negative must be treated in the sky by
+solution of cyanide of potassium laid on in the form desired with a camel's
+hair pencil. This discharges a portion of the reduced silver, and allows
+the light to penetrate; but great care is required to stop the action by
+well washing in water before the process has gone too far. White clouds are
+produced by painting them in with a black pigment mixed in size.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Death of Edward II._ (Vol. viii., p. 387.).--P. C. S. S. has noticed with
+considerable surprise the very strange assertion of MR. C. M. INGLEBY with
+reference to the murder of Edward II. at Berkeley Castle, viz. that "Echard
+and Rapin are silent, both as to the event and the locality." If MR.
+INGLEBY will again refer to Echard (vol. i. p. 341., edit. 1718) and to
+Rapin (vol. iii. p. 147., edit. 1749), he will perceive that the two
+historians record "both the event and the locality."
+
+MR. INGLEBY did not perhaps consider that the transaction in question took
+place during the reign of Edward III.; and is, therefore, not to be sought
+for at the close of that of Edward _II._ (where probably MR. C. M. INGLEBY
+looked for it), but among the occurrences in the time of Edward _III._ MR.
+C. M. INGLEBY will assuredly find it there, not only in Echard and Rapin,
+but in every other History of England since the date of the "event."
+
+P. C. S. S.
+
+_Luther no Iconoclast_ (Vol. viii., p. 335.).--An occasional contributor
+wishes the Editor to note down this Query. What could have led your
+correspondent J. G. FITCH to use so peculiarly inappropriate a synonym for
+Martin Luther as "the great Iconoclast?" Has he any historical evidence for
+Luther's breaking a single image?
+
+It is not to defend Luther, but to point out a defect in his teaching, as
+it is regarded by the adherents of other Protestant churches, that Dr.
+Maclaine has said, in his note on Book IV. ch. i. Sec. 18. of Mosheim:
+
+    "It is evident, from several passages in the writings of Luther, that
+    he was by no means averse to the use of images, but that, on the
+    contrary, he looked upon them as adapted to excite and animate the
+    devotion of the people."
+
+Mosheim, and Merle D'Aubigne, and probably any other historian of the
+Reformation in Germany, may be cited as witnesses for the notorious fact,
+that Carlstadt excited the citizens of Wittemberg to break the images in
+their churches when Luther was concealed in the Castle of Wartburg, and
+that he rebuked and checked these proceedings on his return. See Mosheim,
+as cited before, or D'Aubigne, book IX. ch. vii. and viii.
+
+H. W.
+
+_Rev. Urban Vigors_ (Vol. viii., p. 340.).--My great-great-grandmother was
+a sister of Bishop Vigors, who was consecrated to the see of Leighlin and
+Ferns, March 8, 1690. He, I know, was a near relative of the Rev. Urban
+Vigors. An Urban Vigors of Ballycormack, co. Wexford, also married my
+great-great-aunt, a Miss Thomas, sister of Vigors Thomas, Esq., of
+Limerick. I should, equally with your correspondent Y. S. M., wish to know
+any particulars of the "Vigors" family; and should be delighted to enter
+into correspondence with him.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+_Portrait of Baretti_ (Vol. VIII., p. 411.).--In reply to MR. G. R.
+CORNER'S Query regarding Sir Joshua Reynolds' picture of Baretti, I can
+give him the information he requires.
+
+This very interesting portrait is now at my brother's, Holland House,
+Kensington.
+
+My late father, Lord Holland, had a pretty picture of the late Lord
+Hertford's mother (I believe), or some near relation of his. Not being
+connected with that family, my father offered it to Lord Hertford, leaving
+it to his lordship to give him such picture as he might choose in exchange.
+Some time afterwards this portrait of Baretti was sent, and was much prized
+and admired. It represents Baretti reading a small book, which he holds
+close to his face with both hands; he is in a white coat, and the whole
+carries with it a certainty of resemblance. This occurred about twenty-five
+years ago. Perhaps it may interest your readers to learn that our
+distinguished {478} painter, Watts, painted for my brother, Lord Holland, a
+portrait of another distinguished Italian, Mr. Panizzi, and pendant to the
+former. He is represented leaning forward and writing, and the likeness is
+very striking.
+
+C. FOX.
+
+Addison Road.
+
+_Passage in Sophocles._--In Vol. viii., p. 73., appears an article by MR.
+BUCKTON, in which he quotes the following conclusion of a passage in
+Sophocles:
+
+             "[Greek: Hotoi phrenas]
+  [Greek: Theos agei pros atan;]
+  [Greek: Prassein d' oligoston chronon ektos atas.]"
+
+This, [Greek: petroi stathmen harmozon], he translates,--
+
+    "Whose mind the God leads to destruction; _but that he_ (_the God_)
+    practises this a short time without destroying such an one."
+
+But for the Italics it might have been an oversight: they would seem to
+imply he has some authority for his translation. I have no edition of
+Sophocles by me to discover, but surely no critical scholar can acquiesce
+in it. The only _active_ sense of [Greek: prassein] I remember at the
+moment is _to exact_. It surely should be translated, "_And he, whom the
+God so leads to_ [Greek: ate], _fares_ a _very_ short time without it." The
+best translation of [Greek: ate] is, perhaps, _infatuation_. Moreover, how
+is the above translation reconciled with the very superlative [Greek:
+oligoston]?
+
+M.
+
+_Brothers of the same Name_ (Vol. viii., p. 338.).--It is not unusual in
+old pedigrees to find two brothers or two sisters with the same Christian
+name; but it is unusual to find more than two living at the same time with
+only one Christian name between them: this, however, occurs in the family
+of Gawdy of Gawdy Hall, Norfolk. Thos. Gawdy married three wives, and by
+each had a son Thomas. The eldest was a serjeant-at-law, and died in 1556.
+The second was a judge of the Queen's Bench, and died in November, 1587 or
+1588. The third is known as Sir Francis Gawdy, Chief Justice of the Common
+Pleas; but he also was baptized by the name of Thomas. Lord Coke, who
+succeeded him as Chief Justice, says (Co. Lit. 3. a.):
+
+    "If a man be baptized by the name of Thomas, and after at his
+    confirmation by the bishop he is named John, he may purchase by his
+    name of confirmation; and this was the case of Sir Francis Gawdie, late
+    C. J. of C. B., whose name of baptism was Thomas, and his name of
+    confirmation Francis; and that name of Francis, by the advice of all
+    the judges in anno 36 Henry VIII. (1544-5), he did bear and after used
+    in all his purchases and grants."
+
+The opportunity afforded by the Roman Catholic Church of thus changing the
+baptismal name may help to account for this practice, which probably arose
+from a desire to continue the particular name in the family. If one of two
+sons with the same name of baptism died in childhood, the other continued
+the name: if both lived, one of them might change his name at confirmation.
+There is no name given at confirmation according to the form of the Church
+of England.
+
+F. B.
+
+_High Dutch and Low Dutch_ (Vol. viii., p. 413.).--Considerable
+misapprehension appears to have arisen with regard to these expressions,
+from the fact of the German word _Deutsch_ being sometimes erroneously
+understood to mean Dutch. But German scholars very well know that in
+Germany nothing is more common than to speak of _Hoch Deutsch_ and _Nieder
+Deutsch_ (High German and Low German), as applied respectively to that
+language when grammatically spoken and correctly pronounced, and to the bad
+grammar and worse pronunciation indulged in by many of the provincials, and
+also by the lower class of people in some of the towns where High German is
+supposed to prevail. Thus, for examples Dresden is regarded as the
+head-quarters of _Hoch Deutsch_, because there the language is spoken and
+pronounced with the most purity: Berlin, also, as regards the well-educated
+classes, boasts of the _Hoch Deutsch_; but the common people (das Volk) of
+the Prussian capital indulge in a dialect called _Nieder Deutsch_, and
+speak and pronounce the language as though they were natives of some remote
+province. Now, the instance of Berlin I take to be a striking illustration
+of the meaning of these expressions, as both examples are comprised in the
+case of this city.
+
+The German word for "German" is _Deutsch_; for "Dutch" the German is
+_Hollaendisch_; and I presume it is from the similarity of _Deutsch_ and
+_Dutch_ that this common error is so frequently committed. For the future
+let it be remembered, that _Dutch_ is a term which has no relation whatever
+to German; and that "High German" is that language spoken and written in
+its purity, "Low German" all the dialects and mispronunciations which do
+not come up to the standard of correctness.
+
+JAMES SPENCE HARRY.
+
+8. Arthur Street.
+
+_Translations of the Prayer Book into French_ (Vol. vii., p. 382.; Vol.
+viii., p. 343.).--Besides the editions already mentioned, a 4to. one was
+published at London in 1689, printed by R. Everingham, and sold by R.
+Bentley and M. Magnes. Prefixed to it is the placet of the king, dated 6th
+October, 1662, with the subsequent approbation of Stradling, chaplain to
+Gilbert (Sheldon), Bishop of London, dated 6th April, 1663.
+
+It seems ("N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 92.) that a {479} copy is in the British
+Museum; one is also in my possession.
+
+I presume that there were other editions between the years 1663 and 1689.
+
+H. P.
+
+_Divining-rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--For a full account of the divining
+rod see _La Physique occulte, ou Traite de la Baguette Divinatoire, &c._,
+par Pere L. de Vallemont, a work by no means uncommon, having passed
+through several editions. Mine is "a Paris, chez Jean Boudot, avec priv.
+1709, in 12^o. avec figures," with the addition of a "Traite de la
+Connoissance des Causes Magnetiques, &c., par un Curieux."
+
+A Cornish lady informs me that the Cornish miners to this day use the
+divining-rod in the way represented in fig. 1. of the above-mentioned work.
+
+R. J. R.
+
+In the 351st number of the _Monthly Magazine_, dated March 1st, 1821, there
+is a letter to the editor from W. Partridge, dated Boxbridge, Gloucester,
+giving several instances of his having successfully used the divining-rod
+for the purpose of discovering water. He says the gift is not possessed by
+more than one in two thousand, and attributes the power to electricity.
+Those persons in whose hands it will work must possess a redundancy of that
+fluid. He also states that metals are discovered by the same means.
+
+K. B.
+
+_Slow-worm Superstition_ (Vol. vii., p. 33.).--The belief that the
+slow-worm cannot die until sunset prevails in Dorsetshire. In the New
+Forest the same superstition exists with regard to the brown adder. Walking
+in the heathy country between Beaulieu and Christ Church I saw a very large
+snake of this kind, recently beaten to death by the peasant boys, and on
+remarking that the lower jaw continued to move convulsively, I was told it
+would do so "till the moon was up."
+
+An aged woman, now deceased, who had when young been severely bitten by a
+snake, told me she always felt a severe pain and swelling near where the
+wound had been, on the anniversary of the occurrence. Is this common? and
+can it be accounted for?
+
+W. E.
+
+Pimperne, Dorset.
+
+_Ravailliac_ (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--The destruction of the pyramid erected
+at Paris upon the murder of Henry IV., is mentioned by Thuanus, _Hist._,
+lib. 134. cap. 9. In your correspondent's Query, _Thesaur._ is, I presume,
+misprinted for Thuan.
+
+B. J.
+
+_Lines on the Institution of the Garter_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A. B. R.
+says, "as also from the proverbial expression used in Scotland, and to be
+found in Scott's _Works_, of 'casting a leggin girth,' as synonymous with a
+female 'faux pas.'" I may mention to your correspondent (if he is not
+already aware) that the expression is taken from Allan Ramsay's
+continuation of _Christ's Kirk on the Green_ (edit. Leith, 1814, 1 vol. p.
+101.):
+
+ "Or bairns can read, they first maun spell,
+    I learn'd this frae my mammy;
+  And _coost a legen girth_ mysell,
+    Lang or I married Tammie."
+
+and is explained by the author in a note, "Like a tub that loses one of its
+bottom hoops." In the west of Scotland the phrase is now restricted to a
+young woman who has had an illegitimate child, or what is more commonly
+termed "a misfortune," and it is probable never had another meaning.
+_Legen_ or _leggen_ is not understood to have any affinity in its etymology
+to the word _leg_, but is _laggen_, that part of the staves which projects
+from the bottom of the barrel, or of the child's _luggie_, out of which he
+sups his oatmeal _parritch_; and the _girth_, _gird_, or hoop, that by
+which the vessel at this particular place is firmest bound together. Burns
+makes a fine and emphatic use of the word _laggen_ in the "Birthday
+Address," in speaking of the "Royal lasses dainty" (_Cunninghame_, edit.
+1826, vol. ii. p. 329.):
+
+ "God bless you a', consider now,
+    Ye're unco muckle dantet:
+  But ere the course o' life be thro'
+    It may be bitter santet.
+  An I hae seen their coggie fou,
+    That yet hae tarrow't at it;
+  But or the day was done, I trow,
+    The _laggen_ they hae clautet."
+
+which means, that at last, whether through pride, hunger, or long fasting,
+the appetite had become so keen, that all, even to the last particle of the
+_parritch_, was _clautet_, _scartit_, or scraped from the bottom of the
+_coggie_, and to its inmost recesses surrounded by the _laggen girth_. Of
+the motto of the garter, "Honi soit qui mal y pense," I have heard a
+burlesque translation known but to few, in "_Honeys sweet quo' Mally
+Spence_," synonymous with Proverbs, chap. ix. verse 17: "Stolen waters are
+sweet, and bread _eaten_ in secret is pleasant."
+
+G. N.
+
+_Passage in Bacon_ (Vol. viii., p. 303.).--I had, partly from inadvertence,
+and partly from a belief that a tautology would be created by a recurrence
+to the idea of death, after the words "mortis terrore carentem," in the
+preceding line, understood the verse in question to mean, "which regards
+length of life as the last of Nature's gifts." On reconsideration, however,
+I do not doubt that the received interpretation, which makes _spatium
+extremum_ equivalent to _finem_, is the correct one.
+
+L.
+
+_What Day is it at our Antipodes?_ (Vol. viii., p. 102.).--A person sailing
+to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by sailing thither
+eastward he will gain twelve hours. If {480} both meet at the same hour,
+say eleven o'clock, the one will reckon 11 A.M., the other 11 P.M.
+
+ESTE.
+
+_Calves' Head Club_ (Vol. viii., p. 315.).--In Hone's _Every Day Book_,
+vol. ii. pp. 158, 159, 160., some more information is given on the
+interesting event referred to in the Note made by MR. E. G. BALLARD. A
+print is given of the scene; and the obnoxious toasts are also quoted; they
+are: "The pious memory of Oliver Cromwell;" "Damn--n to the race of the
+Stuarts;" "The glorious year 1648;" "The man in the mask," &c. The print is
+dated 1734, which proves that the meeting at which the disturbance arose
+was not the first which had taken place.
+
+S. A. S.
+
+Bridgewater.
+
+_Heraldic Query_ (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--Although A. was killed in open
+rebellion, I think his armorial bearings were not forfeited unless he was
+subsequently attainted by act of parliament; and even in that case it is
+possible that the act contained a provision that the penalty should not
+extend to the prejudice of any other person than the offender. Assuming
+that A. was not attainted, or that the consequences of his attainder were
+thus restricted to himself, or that his attainder has been reversed, it is
+clear that his lawful posterity are still entitled to his arms,
+notwithstanding the acceptance by his grandson C. of a new grant, which
+obviously could no more affect the title to the ancient arms than the
+creation of a modern barony can destroy the right of its recipient to an
+older one. The descendants of C. being thus entitled to both coats, could,
+I imagine, without difficulty obtain a recognition of their right; and I
+think they might either use the ancient arms alone, or the ancient and the
+modern arms quarterly, precedence being given to the former. The proper
+course would be to seek the licence of the crown for the resumption of the
+ancient surname, as well as of the arms. Such permission would, I
+apprehend, be now conceded, even though it should appear that the arms were
+really forfeited.
+
+HENRY GOUGH.
+
+Emberton, Bucks.
+
+_The Temple Lands in Scotland_ (Vol. viii., p. 317.).--These lands, or a
+portion of them, were acquired, and afterwards transferred by sale, to Mr.
+Gracie, by James Maidment, Esq., the eminent Scottish antiquary, who, in
+1828-29, privately printed--
+
+    "Templaria: Papers Relative to the History, Privileges, and Possessions
+    of the Scottish Knights Templars, and their Successors, the Knights of
+    St. John of Jerusalem, with Notes," &c.
+
+This will no doubt contain all that your correspondent ABREDONENSIS could
+desire upon the subject, provided he can obtain it; for the work,
+professing to be printed by the author for presents, is confined to
+twenty-five copies, and must therefore be rare. In 1831 was published by
+Stevenson, Edinburgh, an _Historical Account of Linlithgowshire_, by the
+late John Penney.[9] This is edited by Mr. Maidment, and contains a chapter
+entitled an "Account of the Transmission of the United Estates of the
+Templars and Hospitallers, after the dissolution of the Order in the reign
+of Queen Mary;" and although the object of the editor is to notice the
+charters connected with Linlithgowshire, the book contains a sketch of the
+general history of the lands in question, abridged from the _Templaria_.
+
+J. O.
+
+[Footnote 9: Query the late George Chalmers.]
+
+_Sir John Vanbrugh_ (Vol. viii., p. 65. &c.).--In _An Account of the Life
+and Death of Mr. Matthew Henry_, published in the year 1716, his biographer
+having related that he was chosen a minister of a congregation of
+Dissenters in the city of Chester, and that he went there to reside on the
+first day of June, 1687, goes on to state (p. 75.):
+
+    "That city was then very happy in several worthy gentlemen that had
+    habitations there; they were not altogether strangers to Mr. Henry
+    before he came to live among them, but now they came to be his very
+    intimate acquaintance; some of these, as Alderman Mainwaring and Mr.
+    Vanbrugh, father to Sir John Vanbrugh, were in communion with the
+    Church of England, but they heard Mr. Henry on the week-day lectures,
+    and always treated him with great and serious respect."
+
+This evidence serves to show that a Mr. Vanbrugh, who was living in Chester
+in 1687, was the father of Sir John Vanbrugh. I have been told that in
+former times there was a sugar-bakery at Chester. Did the father of Sir
+John Vanbrugh carry on that business at Chester during any period of his
+residence there?
+
+N. W. S.
+
+_Sir Arthur Aston_ (Vol. viii., p. 126.).--In reference to the Query of
+your correspondent CHARTHAM, I take leave to refer him to Playfair's
+_Baronetage_, vol. ii. p. 257., where a pedigree of that ancient family is
+inserted. In p. 261. is a note, by which it appears that the said Sir
+Arthur Aston had a daughter Elizabeth, born in Russia, and married to James
+Thompson of Joyce Grove in Berkshire.
+
+In addition thereto, I recollect seeing the copy of a deed of sale, dated
+April, 1637, by which it appears that Nicholas Hercy, of Nettlebed, in co.
+Oxon., sold to James Thompson of Wallingford, in co. Berkshire, "Joys
+Grove," in Nettlebed aforesaid; and there is united with the same James
+Thompson, apparently as a trustee, "George Tattersall the younger, of
+Finchampstead in said co. of Berkshire."
+
+{481}
+
+I also take leave to refer your correspondent to Lysons's _Environs of
+London_, vol. ii. p. 393., under head of "Fulham," where it is stated that
+Sir Arthur Aston's father resided in that parish.
+
+AN ANTIQUARY.
+
+_Nugget_ (Vol. viii., p. 357.).--Colonel Mundy, in _Our Antipodes_, says
+that the word _nugget_ was, before the days of gold digging, used by the
+farmers of Australia to express a small thick bullock, such as our English
+farmers would call a lumpy one, or a little great one.
+
+A. H. WHITE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. 1st Edition.
+
+COTTON'S FASTI ECCLESIAE HIBERNIAE. Parts III., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+TORRIANO PIAZZA UNIVERSALE DI PROVERBI ITALIANI. London, 1668. Folio.
+
+BIBLIOTHECA TOPOGRAPHICA BRITANNICA. Vol. IX.
+
+ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA. 7th Edition. Vol. XXII., Part 2.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest prices, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+WELLINGTON DISPATCHES. 13 Vols. Vols. II., III., and Index. (The full price
+will be given.)
+
+SOUTHEY'S DOCTOR. Vols. III. and IV.
+
+PATRICK'S MENSA MYSTICA.
+
+STRICKLAND'S QUEENS OF ENGLAND. Vols. III., IV., V., VI., VII., VIII., and
+X.
+
+  Wanted by _A. Holden_, Bookseller, Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+TWO DIALOGUES IN THE ELYSIAN FIELDS, BETWEEN CARD. WOLSEY AND CARD.
+XIMENES. To which are added Historical Accounts of Wolsey's two Colleges
+and the Town of Ipswich. By Joseph Grove. London, 1761. 8vo.
+
+  Wanted by _W. S. Fitch_, Ipswich.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ADDISON'S WORKS. First Edition.
+
+JONES' (OF NAYLAND) WORKS. 13 Vols. 8vo.
+
+WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPT. Vols. IV. and V.
+
+BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. 3 Vols. 8vo.
+
+  Wanted by _Simms & Son_, Booksellers, Bath.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+KANT'S LOGIC, translated by John Richardson.
+
+HISTORIC CERTAINTIES by Aristarchus Newlight.
+
+SONGS--"The Boatmen shout." Attwood. "Ah! godan lor felicita" (Faust).
+Spohr.
+
+  Wanted by _C. Mansfield Ingleby_, Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHAPMAN'S ARCHITECTURIAE NAVALES MERCATURIAE. 1768. Folio. Published in
+Sweden.
+
+  Wanted by _Robert Stewart_, Bookseller, Paisley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SPECTATOR, printed by Alex. Lawrie & Co., London, 1804. Vols. I., II.,
+III., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+  Wanted by _J. T. Cheetham_, Firwood, Chadderton, near Oldham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We beg to call the special attention of such of our readers as are
+Autograph Collectors to the advertisement which appears in the present
+Number, descriptive of certain family and historical papers, which have
+been missed within the last twelve months from the proper custody, and
+shall only be too glad to hear that by so doing we have at all contributed
+to their recovery._
+
+BOOKS WANTED. _So many of our Correspondents seem disposed to avail
+themselves of our plan of placing the booksellers in direct communication
+with them, that we find ourselves compelled to limit each list of books to
+two insertions. We would also express a hope that those gentlemen who may
+at once succeed in obtaining any desired volumes will be good enough to
+notify the same to us, in order that such books may not unnecessarily
+appear in such list even a second time._
+
+ST. JOHN'S, _who asks about the_ Stafford Knot, _will see by our last
+Number, p._ 454., _that it is the badge or cognizance of the Earls of
+Stafford._
+
+MR. VAN LAUN'S _Query as to the derivation of_ Huguenot _is anticipated in
+our_ 6th Vol., p. 317. _Will the Note there given help him to a
+satisfactory solution?_
+
+THE TESTAMENT OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS, 1686.--_The loan of this volume is
+offered by_ T. D. _to the Correspondent who advertised for it some time
+since in our columns._
+
+AMICUS VERITATIS, _who inquires respecting_ Cleanliness is next to
+Godliness, _is referred to our_ 4th Vol., p. 491., _for its probable
+origin._
+
+E. G. BALLARD. _The curious tenure of being the King's_ Vautrarius, _kindly
+forwarded by this Correspondent, is already printed in Blount's_ Fragmenta
+Antiquitates, p. 142., _ed._ 1784.
+
+C. E. F. _We would strongly recommend our Correspondent to adopt the paper
+process described by_ DR. DIAMOND _in our first Number for the present year
+(with correction of using the gallic acid, which, as stated in a subsequent
+Number, was by accident omitted). Recent experience has more than ever
+convinced us that if the method there laid down be_ strictly _followed, the
+photographer will not meet with failures._
+
+AN AMATEUR (Helston). MR. LYTE _is at present abroad, or we are sure he
+would readily answer the Query of our Correspondent, as to whether the
+chloride of barium recommended by him at p. 252., and the nitrate of lead
+at p. 373., are to be the crystallised or liquid preparations._
+
+AN AMATEUR PHOTOGRAPHER (Manchester). _If you will transmit us a specimen
+of the failures which you mention, especially of the waved appearance, we
+will do the best to answer your Queries: it is impossible otherwise
+satisfactorily to do so._
+
+M. A. _Always use your hyposulphite of soda_ saturated; _it does not reduce
+the tone of pictures near so much as when it is used dilute._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and
+the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS. F.S.A.
+
+  Volume Three, 1272-1377.
+  Volume Four, 1377-1485.
+
+Lately published, price 28s. cloth,
+
+  Volume One, 1066-1199.
+  Volume Two, 1199-1272.
+
+    "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore
+    take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent.
+    Mag._
+
+London: LONGMAN & CO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2s. 6d.
+
+THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a
+Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.
+
+    "As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty
+    had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his
+    camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be
+    deeply interesting."--_Notes and Queries._
+
+    "It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound
+    principles, and popular style."--_Churchman's Magazine._
+
+GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SUPPLEMENT TO DR. OLIVER'S MONASTICON DIOECESIS EXONIENSIS.
+
+In the Press, and will be published, in 1 vol. folio, price 10s. 6d.
+
+A SUPPLEMENT TO THE MONASTICON DIOECESIS EXONIENSIS. Being a Collection of
+Records and Instruments further illustrating the Ancient Conventual,
+Collegiate, and Eleemosynary Foundations in the Counties of Devon and
+Cornwall. By GEORGE OLIVER, D.D. To correspond exactly in size, paper, and
+type with the original work, and to contain a large folding Map of the
+Diocese of Exeter at the time of the Dissolution of Monasteries. When
+published, the price will be raised.
+
+Subscribers' Names received by A. HOLDEN, Bookseller, Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{482}
+
+XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic
+Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally
+acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal
+scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no
+preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect
+pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where
+a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in
+separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to
+any Climate. Full instructions for use.
+
+CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD
+W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony.
+
+CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of
+purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label
+bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL
+MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of
+all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through
+MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95.
+Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties--the BORDERED
+QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual
+form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain
+Quilt is smaller, and useful as an extra covering on the bed, or as a
+wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled
+with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and
+Sizes sent free by Post, on application to
+
+  HEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory,
+  196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+LEEDS LIBRARY.
+
+LIBRARIAN.--Wanted a Gentleman of Literary Attainments, competent to
+undertake the duty of Librarian in the Leeds Library. The Institution
+consists of about 500 Proprietary Members, and an Assistant Librarian is
+employed. The hours of attendance required will be from 10 A.M. to 8 P.M.
+daily, with an interval of two hours. Salary 120l. a year. Applications,
+with Certificates of Qualifications, must be sent by letter, post paid, not
+later then 1st December next, to ABRAHAM HORSFALL, ESQ., Hon. Sec., 9. Park
+Row, Leeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE FOR NOVEMBER contains the following articles--1.
+Sir Walter Raleigh at Sherborne. 2. The Pariah Girl, a Poem: by the Rev.
+John Mitford. 3. Cotele, and the Edgecumbes of the Olden Time, by Mrs.
+Bray, Part II. 4. The Annals of Appetite: Soyer's Pantropheon. 5. Notes on
+Mediaeval Art France and Germany, by J. G. Waller: Mayence, Heidelberg,
+Basle, and Strasburg. 6. Remarks on the White Horse of Saxony and
+Brunswick, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq., Garter. 7. The Campaigns of
+1793-95 in Flanders and Holland. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban:
+Counsels' Fees and Lawyers' Bills; Shops in Westminster Hall; The Family of
+Phipps; Mr. John Knill of St Ive's; Antiquity of the Mysterious Word
+"Wheedle." With Notes of the Month; Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews;
+Reports of the Archaeological Societies of Wales, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
+Wiltshire, Somersetshire, Suffolk, and Essex; Historical Chronicle; and
+OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Earl Brownlow, Lord Anderson, Right Hon. Sir
+Frederick Adam, Adm. Sir Charles Adam, James Dodsley Cuff, Esq., Mr.
+Adolphus Asher, Leon Jablonski, &c. Price 2s. 6d.
+
+NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Will be ready in November,
+
+TURNER AND GIRTIN'S PICTURESQUE VIEWS SIXTY YEARS SINCE. Edited by THOMAS
+MILLER, ESQ., Author of "Rural Sketches," &c. With Thirty Engravings of the
+Olden Time, from Drawings by J. M. W. TURNER and T. GIRTIN, Portraits, &c.
+Handsomely bound, price One Guinea.
+
+HOGARTH, Haymarket, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Fourth Edition of RUINS OF MANY LANDS. NOTICE.--A Fourth and Cheaper
+Edition, Revised and considerably Enlarged, of MR. MICHELL'S "RUINS OF MANY
+LANDS," with Portrait, cloth, price 4s. 6d.
+
+This Edition contains Remarks on Layard's latest Discoveries at Nineveh,
+and treats of nearly all the Ruins of Interest now in the world.
+
+  London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO.,
+  85. Queen Street, Cheapside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK COLLECTORS.--Just published. T. MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of 10,000
+VOLUMES of SECOND-HAND BOOKS. Catalogues Gratis, and Post Free. N.B.
+Libraries purchased or exchanged. A discount of 2d. in the 1s. allowed on
+all new books. Ency. Britt., 7th edit., by Napier, 18 gs.; another, 6th
+edit., calf, 12 gs.; Ency. Met., last edit., hf. clf., 18 gs.; Penny
+Cyclo., 29 vols., hf. clf. 7 gs.; Illustrated London News, to end of 1852,
+cloth, 12 gs.; Stafford Gallery Collection of Pictures, 2 vols. fol., mor.
+elegant, 5 gs.; Rose's Biographical Dictionary, 12 vols. 8vo. cloth, new,
+4l. 8s., &c.--70. Newgate Street, City, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TWELFTH PUBLIC DRAWING.--The Fifteenth Purchase of Land having just been
+made for the CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY, consisting of a Mansion and Part of
+Seventy-four Acres at St. Margaret's on the Banks of the Thames, opposite
+Richmond Gardens, close to Three Stations on the South-Western Railroad, it
+has been resolved that the TWELFTH PUBLIC DRAWING shall take place at
+Freemason's Hall, at 8 o'clock in the evening, on Thursday, November the
+17th, Viscount Ranelagh in the Chair. On this occasion, 131 Shares will be
+added to the Order of Rights for priority of Selection on the Society
+Estates, namely, 87 by drawing, and 44 by seniority of date of Membership.
+All Shares taken prior to the final numbers being placed in the wheel, will
+be included in this drawing.
+
+  CHARLES LEWIS GRUNEISEN,
+                  Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{483}
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
+liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia
+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+    "Bonn, July 19. 1852.
+
+    "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+    nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases,
+    all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of
+    body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys
+    and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp
+    of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+    hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+    satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+    where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+    bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+    troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+    conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+    incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+    "DR. RUD WURZER.
+    "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions.
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society.
+
+52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
+
+_Subscribed capital, ONE MILLION._
+
+THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:
+
+The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.
+
+Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.
+
+Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.
+
+Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.
+
+In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided
+amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum
+assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.
+
+No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on
+Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.
+
+POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud.
+
+At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of
+nearly Two PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of
+from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_.
+
+POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid.
+
+Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.
+
+The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'clock. Assurances may be effected by
+applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of
+the Society. where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be
+obtained.
+
+CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages
+offered by this Society are Security, Economy, and lower Rates of Premium
+than most other Offices.
+
+No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable.
+
+Loans granted to Policy-holders.
+
+For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as
+20l., at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.
+
+Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to
+
+HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
+this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with
+perfect Security.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+              PETER MORRISON,
+                  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of
+
+PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES,
+WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling requisites. Gratis on
+application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{484}
+
+ARNOLD'S SECOND HEBREW BOOK.
+
+In 12mo., price 9s.
+
+THE SECOND HEBREW BOOK: containing the BOOK of GENESIS, with Syntax,
+Vocabulary, and Grammatical Commentary. By the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD,
+M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge;
+and the REV. H. BROWNE, M.A. Canon of Chichester.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place;
+
+Of whom may be had,
+
+THE FIRST HEBREW BOOK: on the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." 7s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, &c. By A. P. HARRISON.
+
+The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy, &c., may be
+had of the Author and Designer, No. 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square,
+at the prices set against the respective works. Copies will be forwarded,
+Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order for the amount.
+
+I. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the
+Nobility. Price, in colours, 1l. 10s. 6d. Emblazoned in gold, 2l. 2s.
+
+II. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the Knights
+Companions at the Siege of Karlaverock, A.D. 1300. Price, in colours, 15s.
+6d. Emblazoned in gold, 21s.
+
+III. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, A.D. 1377. Price,
+in colours, 4l. 14s. 6d. Emblazoned in gold, 6l. 6s.
+
+IV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their Installation
+Plates at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, &c. Price, in colours, 15l.
+15s. Emblazoned in gold, 21l.
+
+V. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.
+
+VI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms, &c.
+Price coloured, 21s. Emblazoned in gold, 1l. 11s. 6d.
+
+VII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots and
+of King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2s. 6d. each. On vellum paper, 1s.
+6d. each.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &c. By A. P.
+HARRISON, Author of "Treatise on the Formation of the English
+Constitution," &c. 8vo. Price 3s. 6d.
+
+A. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, Grosvenor Square
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Price 1-1/2d.
+
+CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL. No. 515. Saturday, Nov. 12, 1853.
+
+          CONTENTS:
+
+  The Sea-side Resorts of the Londoners.
+  A few Jottings about Maps.
+  Trouble-the-House: A Legend of Livonia.
+  Present Aspects of Life Assurance.
+  Poetry of Trees.
+  Alligators of the Valley of the Amazon.
+  Miscellanea.
+
+W. & R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Court Passage, Fleet Street, London; and 339.
+High Street, Edinburgh. And sold by all Booksellers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO AUTOGRAPH AND MANUSCRIPT COLLECTORS AND OTHERS.
+
+The following Documents and Letters are Missing within the last Twelve
+Months:--
+
+Letters from Mathew Hutton to the Duke of Somerset, describing the Three
+Daughters of Lord Winchelsea, enigmatically, as Three Books. Dated August,
+1725.
+
+Letters from Beau Nash as to Ladies C. and H. Finch. Dated August and
+September, 1725.
+
+Letter from W. Edwards to Mathew Hutton. Dated Burly, December 11th, 1725.
+
+Letters containing A Proposal of Marriage from the Duke of Somerset to Lady
+C. Finch. Dated 1725.
+
+Letter from the Duke of Somerset to the Earl of Winchelsea on the same
+subject.
+
+Letters between Lord Granville and the Duke of Somerset, as to Titles on
+the Death of the Duke's Grandson. Dated November and December, 1744.
+
+Autograph Notes from George III. to Charles, Earl of Egremont, on Public
+Business. Dated 1762 and 1763.
+
+Letter of Lord Lyttleton to the Earl of Egremont, inclosing Complimentary
+Verses to Lady Egremont. Dated January 1st, 1761.
+
+A Particular of the Duchess of Somerset's Debts. Dated October 7th, 1697.
+
+Holograph Letter from Charles II. to the Countess of Northumberland,
+proposing the Marriage of his son George with her Grand-daughter, the Percy
+Heiress.
+
+Letter from Lord Hertford to his Father, consenting to marry.
+
+The Commencement of a Letter of Lord Nelson's, &c. &c.
+
+Any information relative to the above will be thankfully received and a
+liberal Reward paid on restoration of the Papers.
+
+Apply to MESSRS. RYMER, A. MURRAY, & RYMER, No. 5. Whitehall, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published,
+
+A CATALOGUE of a very Choice and Valuable Collection of Books, Ancient and
+Modern, in the English and Foreign Languages, and Books of Prints, in very
+fine condition, also some beautifully Illuminated Manuscripts upon Vellum,
+including a most splendid Vellum MS. of the Latin Bible, in two very large
+volumes folio, written circa 1380; also a richly Illuminated Copy of
+Ferdosi's Shah Nameh, in Persian, with Thirty-seven beautiful
+Paintings:--principally bound by the best Binders, Derome, Bozerian,
+Kalthoeber, Walther, Lewis, Clarke, Bedford, Riviere, Aitken, &c.: selected
+from the Libraries of the Rev. Dr. Hawtrey, Provost of Eton; Very Rev. Dr.
+Butler, Dean of Peterborough, formerly Head Master of Harrow; Right Hon.
+Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of India; Rev. R. J. Coates,
+Sopworth House, Gloucestershire, collected by him during the last sixty
+years, with great taste and judgment, regardless of expense; S. Freeman,
+Esq., Fawley Court (built by Inigo Jones), Henley-on-Thames; John Miller,
+Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; and various other Libraries sold in London and the
+Country, with some private purchases. Now on sale at the prices affixed, by
+
+JOSEPH LILLY, 19. King Street, Covent Garden, London.
+
+This Valuable Catalogue will be forwarded to any gentleman inclosing Two
+Postage Stamps to prepay it. It may also be seen attached to the
+"Gentleman's Magazine" for November.
+
+*** Such a Catalogue of Rare, Valuable and Choice Books, in fine condition,
+has not been published for some years.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published, price 8s. 6d.
+
+[Greek: DEMOSTHENOUS O PERI TES PARAPRESBEIAS LOGOS.]
+
+DEMOSTHENES DE FALSA LEGATIONE. By RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Trinity College,
+Cambridge. Second Edition, carefully revised.
+
+  Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.
+  London: GEORGE BELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published. price 5s. 6d.
+
+AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON PLANE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY, By REV. W. SCOTT,
+M.A., Mathematical Lecturer and Late Fellow of Sidney Sussex College,
+Cambridge.
+
+  Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON.
+  London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, Price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham: H.
+C. LANGBRIDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November
+12. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 211,
+November 12, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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