diff options
Diffstat (limited to '27006.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 27006.txt | 3609 |
1 files changed, 3609 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/27006.txt b/27006.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62a3e0f --- /dev/null +++ b/27006.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3609 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 207, October 15, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 207, October 15, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27006] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{357} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 207.] +SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Notes on Midland County Minstrelsy, by C. Clifton Barry 357 + Comet Superstitions in 1853 358 + The Old English Word "Belike" 358 + Druses, by. T. J. Buckton 360 + FOLK LORE:--Legends of the County Clare 360 + Shakspeare Correspondence, by Thomas Keightley, &c. 361 + Death on the Fingers 362 + + MINOR NOTES:--On a "Custom of y^e Englyshe"--Epitaph + at Crayford--The Font at Islip--"As good + as a Play" 363 + + QUERIES:-- + + Lovett of Astwell 363 + Oaths 364 + The Electric Telegraph 364 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Queries relating to the Porter + Family--Lord Ball of Bagshot--Marcarnes--The + Claymore--Sir William Chester, Kt.--Canning on + the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and + Great Britain--Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant--Memorial + Lines by Thomas Aquinas--"Johnson's + turgid style"--Meaning of "Lane," &c.--Theobald + le Botiller--William, fifth Lord Harrington--Singular + Discovery of a Cannon-ball--Scottish Castles--Sneezing-- + Spenser's "Fairy Queen"--Poema del Cid--The Brazen Head 364 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"The Basilics"--Fire + at Houlton--Michaelmas Goose 367 + + REPLIES:-- + + Portraits of Hobbes and Letters of Hollar, by S. W. + Singer 368 + Parochial Libraries, by the Rev. Thos. Corser 369 + Battle of Villers en Couche, by H. L. Mansel, B.D., &c. 370 + Attainment of Majority, by Russell Gole and Professor + De Morgan 371 + Similarity of Idea in St. Luke and Juvenal 372 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Mr. Sisson's developing + Fluid--Dr. Diamond's Process for Albumenized + Paper--Mr. Lyte's New Process 373 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Derivation of the Word + "Island"--"Paetus and Arria"--"That Swinney"--The + Six Gates of Troy--Milton's Widow--Boom--"Nugget" + not an American Term--Soke Mill--Binometrical + Verse--Watch-paper Inscription--Dotinchem--Reversible + Names and Words--Detached Church Towers--Bishop + Ferrar--"They shot him by the nine stone rig"--Punning + Devices--Ashman's Park--"Crowns have their compass," + &c.--Ampers and--Throwing Old Shoes for Luck--Ennui 374 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 377 + Notices to Correspondents 377 + Advertisements 378 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +Notes on Midland County Minstrelsy. + +It has often occurred to me that the old country folk-songs are as worthy +of a niche in your mausoleum as the more prosy lore to which you allot a +separate division. Why does not some one write a Minstrelsy of the Midland +Counties? There is ample material to work upon, and not yet spoiled by +dry-as-dust-ism. It would be vain, perhaps, to emulate the achievements of +the Scottish antiquary; but surely something might be done better than the +county _Garlands_, which, with a few honorable exceptions, are sad +abortions, mere channels for rhyme-struck editors. There is one peculiarity +of the midland songs and ballads which I do not remember to have seen +noticed, viz. their singular affinity to those of Scotland, as exhibited in +the collections of Scott and Motherwell. I have repeatedly noticed this, +even so far south as Gloucestershire. Of the old Staffordshire ballad which +appeared in your columns some months ago, I remember to have heard two +distinct versions in Warwickshire, all approaching more or less to the +Scottish type: + + "Hame came our gude man at e'en." + +Now whence this curious similarity in the vernacular ideology of districts +so remote? Are all the versions from one original, distributed by the +wandering minstrels, and in course of time adapted to new localities and +dialects? and, if so, whence came the original, from England or Scotland? +Here is a nut for DR. RIMBAULT, or some of your other correspondents +learned in popular poetry. Another instance also occurs to me. Most of your +readers are doubtless familiar with the pretty little ballad of "Lady Anne" +in the _Border Minstrelsy_, which relates so plaintively the murder of the +two innocent babes, and the ghostly retribution to the guilty mother. Other +versions are given by Kinloch in his _Ancient Scottish Ballads_, and by +Buchan in the _Songs of the North_, the former laying the scene in London: + + "There lived a ladye in London, + All alone and alonie, + She's gane wi' bairn to the clerk's son, + Down by the green-wood side sae bonny." + +{358} + +And the latter across the Atlantic: + + "The minister's daughter of New York, + Hey with the rose and the Lindie, O, + Has fa'en in love wi' her father's clerk, + A' by the green burn sidie, O." + +A Warwickshire version, on the contrary, places the scene on our own +"native leas:" + + "There was a lady lived on lea, + All alone, alone O, + Down the greenwood side went she, + Down the greenwood side, O. + + "She set her foot all on a thorn[1], + Down the greenwood side, O, + There she had two babies born, + All alone, alone O. + + "O she had nothing to lap them in, + All alone, alone O, + But a white appurn and that was thin, + Down the greenwood side, O," &c. + +Here there are no less than four versions of the same ballad, each +differing materially from the other, but all bearing unmistakeable marks of +a common origin. It would be interesting to know the process by which this +was managed. + +C. CLIFTON BARRY. + +[Footnote 1: In one of the Scottish ballads the same idea is more prettily +expressed "leaned until a brier."] + + * * * * * + +COMET SUPERSTITIONS IN 1853. + +From the 19th of August to the present time that brilliant comet, which was +first seen by M. Klinkerfues, at Goettingen, on the 10th of June last, has +been distinctly visible here, and among the ignorant classes its appearance +has caused no little alarm. The reason of this we shall briefly explain. + +During the past fifty-five years the Maltese have grievously suffered on +three different occasions; firstly, by the revolution of 1798, which was +followed by the plague in 1813; and lastly, by the cholera in 1837. In +these visitations, all of which are in the recollection of the oldest +inhabitants, thirty thousand persons are supposed to have perished. + +Mindful as these aged people are of these sad bereavements, and declaring +as they do that they were all preceded by some "curious signs" in the +heavens which foretold their approach, men's minds have become excited, +and, reason as one may, still the impression now existing that some fatal +harm is shortly to follow will not be removed. + +A few of the inhabitants, more terrified than their neighbours, have +fancied the comet's tail to be a fiery sword, and therefore predict a +general war in Europe, and consequent fall of the Ottoman Empire. But as +this statement is evidently erroneous, we still live in great hopes, +notwithstanding all previous predictions and "curious signs," that the +comet will pass away without bringing in its train any grievous calamity. + +By the following extracts, taken from some leading journals of the day, it +will be seen that the Maltese are not alone in entertaining a superstitious +dread of a comet's appearance. The Americans, Prussians, Spaniards, and +Turks come in the same list, which perhaps may be increased by your +correspondents: + + "The Madrid journals announce that the appearance of the comet has + excited great alarm in that city, as it is considered a symptom of + divine wrath, and a presage of war, pestilence, and affliction for + humanity."--Vide _Galignani's Messenger_ of August 31, 1853. + + "The entire appearance (of the comet) is brilliant and dazzling; and + while it engrosses the attention and investigation of the scientific, + it excites the alarm of the superstitious, who, as in ancient times, + regard it as the concomitant of pestilence and the herald of + war."--Vide New York correspondence of _The Sun_, Aug. 24, 1853. + + "The splendid comet now visible after sun-set on the western horizon, + has attracted the attention of every body here. The public impression + is, that this celestial phenomenon is to be considered as a sign of + war; and their astrologers, to whom appeal is made for an + interpretation, make the most absurd declarations: and I have been + laughed at by very intelligent Turks, when I ventured to persuade them + that great Nature's laws do not care about troubles here below."--Vide + Turkish correspondence of _The Herald_, Aug. 25, 1853. + + "The comet which has lately been visible has served a priest not far + from Warsaw with materials for a very curious sermon. After having + summoned his congregation together, although it was neither Sunday nor + festival, and shown them the comet, he informed them that this was the + same star that had appeared to the Magi at the birth of our Saviour, + and that it was only visible now in the Russian empire. Its appearance + on this occasion was to intimate to the Russian eagle, that the time + was now come for it to spread out its wings, and embrace all mankind in + one orthodox and sanctifying church. He showed them the star now + standing immediately over Constantinople, and explained that the dull + light of the nucleus indicated its sorrow at the delay of the Russian + army in proceeding to its destination."--Vide Berlin correspondence of + _The Times_. + +W. W. + +Malta. + + * * * * * + +THE OLD ENGLISH WORD "BELIKE." + +The word _belike_, much used by old writers, but now almost obsolete, even +among the poor, seems to have been but very imperfectly understood--as far +as regards its original meaning and derivation. Most persons understand it +to be equivalent, or nearly so, to _very likely_, _in all likelihood_, +_perhaps_, or, ironically, _forsooth_; and in that {359} opinion they are +not far wrong. It occurs in this sense in numerous passages in Shakspeare; +for instance: + + "Some merry mocking lord, _belike_."--_Love's Labour's Lost._ + + "O then, _belike_, she was old and gentle."--_Henry V._ + + "_Belike_, this show imports the argument."--_Hamlet._ + +Such also was Johnson's opinion of the word, for he represents it to be +"from _like_, as by _likelihood_;" and assigns to it the meanings of +"probably, likely, perhaps." However, I venture to say, in opposition to so +great an authority, that there is no immediate connexion whatever between +the words _belike_ and _likely_, with the exception of the accidental +similarity in the syllable _like_. + +We find three different meanings attached to the same form _like_ in +English, viz. _like_, similis; _to like_, i. e. to be pleased with; and the +present word _belike_, whose real meaning I propose to explain. + +The first is from the A.-S. _lic_, _gelic_; Low Germ. _lick_; Dutch +_gelyk_; Dan. _lig_ (which is said to take its meaning from _lic_, a +corpse, _i. e._ an essence), which word also forms our English termination +-_ly_, sometimes preserving its old form _like_; as _manly_ or _manlike_, +_Godly_ or _Godlike_; A.-S. _werlic_, _Godlic_; to which the Teut. +adjectival termination _lich_ is analogous. + +The second form, _to like_, i. e. to be pleased with, is quite distinct +from the former (though it has been thought akin to it on the ground that +_simili similis placet_); and is derived from the A.-S. _lician_, which is +from _lic_, or _lac_, a gift; Low Germ. _licon_; Dutch _lyken_. + +The third form, the compound term _belike_ (mostly used adverbially) is +from the A.-S. _licgan_, _belicgan_, which means, to lie by, near, or +around; to attend, accompany; Low Germ. and Dutch, _liggen_; Germ. +_liegen_. In the old German, we have _licken_, _ligin_, _liggen_--_jacere_; +and _geliggen_--_se habere_; which last seems to be the exact counterpart +of our old English _belike_; and this it was which first suggested to me +what I conceive to be its true meaning. We find the simple and compound +words in juxtaposition in _Otfridi Evang._, lib. i. cap. 23. 110. in vol. +i. p. 221. of Schilter's _Thes. Teut._: + + + "Thoh er nu biliban si, + Farames thoh thar er si + Zi thiu'z nu sar giligge, + Thoh er bigraben ligge." + + "Etsi vero is (Lazarus) jam mortuus est, + Eamus tamen ubi is sit, + Quomodo id jam se habeat (quo in statu sint res ejus), + Etiamsi jam sepultus jaceat." + + +On which Schilter remarks: + + "Zi thiu'z nu sar giligge quomodo se res habeat, hodie _standi_ verbo + utimur,--wie es stehe, zustehe." + +We thus see that the radical meaning of the word _belike_ is to lie or be +near, to attend; from which it came to express the _simple condition_, or +_state of a thing_: and it is in this latter sense that the word is used as +an adverbial or rather an interjectional expression, when it may be +rendered, _it may be so_, _so it is_, _is it so_, &c. Sometimes ironically, +sometimes expressing chance, &c.; in the course of time it became +superseded by the more modern term _perhaps_. Instances of similar +elliptical expressions are common at the present day, and will readily +suggest themselves: the modern _please_, used for entreaty, is analogous. + +It is not a little singular that this account of the word _belike_ enables +us to understand a passage in _Macbeth_, which has been unintelligible to +all the commentators and readers of Shakspeare down to the present day. I +allude to the following, which stands in my first folio, Act IV. Sc. 3., +thus: + + " . . . . What I am truly + Is thine, and my poor countries, to command: + Whither indeed before they heere approach, + Old Seyward, with ten thousand warlike men, + Already at a point, was setting foorth: + Now we'll together, and the chance of goodnesse + Be like our warranted quarrel." + +Now it is not easy to see why Malcolm should wish that "chance" should "be +_like_," i. e. similar to, their "warranted quarrel;" inasmuch as that +quarrel was most unfortunate and disastrous. Chance is either fortunate or +unfortunate. The epithet _just_, which might apply to the quarrel in +question, is utterly irreconcilable with _chance_. Still this sense has +pleased the editors, and they have made "of goodnesse" a precatory and +interjectional expression. Surely it is far more probable that the poet +wrote _belike_ (_belicgan_, _geliggen_) as one word, and that the meaning +of the passage is simply "May good fortune attend our enterprise." MR. +COLLIER'S old corrector passes over this difficulty in silence, doubtless +owing to the circumstance that the word was well understood in his time. + +I have alluded to the word _like_ as expressive in the English language of +three distinct ideas, and in the A.-S. of at least four; is it not possible +that these meanings, which, as we find the words used, are undoubtedly +widely distinct, having travelled to us by separate channels, may +nevertheless have had originally one and the same source? I should be glad +to elicit the opinion of some one of your more learned correspondents as to +whether the unused Hebrew [Hebrew: YLN] may not be that source. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + + * * * * * + +{360} + +DRUSES. + +Comparing the initiatory undertaking or covenant of the Druses, as +represented by Col. Churchill in his very important disclosures (_Lebanon_, +ii. 244.), with the original Arabic, and the German translation of Eichhorn +(_Repertorium fuer Bibl. und Morgenland_, lib. xii. 222.), I find that the +following additions made by Col. Churchill (or De Sacy, whom he follows) +are not in the Arabic, but appear to be glosses or amplifications. For +example: + + "I put my trust and confidence in our Lord Hakem, the One, the Eternal, + without attribute and without number." + + "That in serving Him he will serve no other, whether past, present, or + to come." + + "To the observance of which he sacredly binds himself by the present + contract and engagement, should he ever reveal the least portion of it + to others." + + "The most High, King of Kings, [the creator] of the heaven and the + earth." + + "Mighty and irresistible [force]." + +Col. Churchill, although furnishing the amplest account which has yet +appeared of the Druse religion, secretly held under the colour of +Mahometanism, has referred very sparingly to the catechisms of this sect, +which, being for the especial instruction of the two degrees of +monotheists, constitute the most authentic source of accurate knowledge of +their faith and practices, and which are to be found in the original +Arabic, with a German translation in Eichhorn's _Repertorium_ (xii. 155. +202.). In the same work (xiv. 1., xvii. 27.), Bruns (Kennicott's colleague) +has furnished from Abulfaragius a biography of the Hakem; and Adler (xv. +265.) has extracted, from various oriental sources, historical notices of +the founder of the Druses. + +The subject is peculiarly interesting at the present juncture, as it is +probable that the Chinese religious movement, partaking of a peculiar kind +of Christianity, may have originated amongst the Druses, who appear from +Col. Churchill to have been in expectation of some such movement in India +or China in connexion with a re-appearance of the Hakem. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Legends of the County Clare._--_How Ussheen_ (_Ossian_) _visited the Land +of_ "_Thiernah Ogieh_" (_the Country of perpetual Youth_).--Once upon a +time, when Ussheen was in the full vigour of his youth, it happened that, +fatigued with the chace, and separated from his companions, he stretched +himself under a tree to rest, and soon fell asleep. "Awaking with a start," +he saw a lady, richly clothed and of more than mortal beauty, gazing on +him; nor was it long until she made him understand that a warmer feeling +than mere curiosity had attracted her; nor was Ussheen long in responding +to it. The lady then explained that she was not of mortal birth, and that +he who wooed an immortal bride must be prepared to encounter dangers such +as would appal the ordinary race of men. Ussheen, without hesitation, +declared his readiness to encounter any foe, mortal or immortal, that might +be opposed to him in her service. The lady then declared herself to be the +queen of "Thiernah Ogieh," and invited him to accompany her thither and +share her throne. They then set out on their journey, one in all respects +similar to that undertaken by Thomas the Rhymer and the queen of Faerie, +and having overcome all obstacles, arrived at "the land of perpetual +youth," where all the delights of the terrestrial paradise were thrown open +to Ussheen, to be enjoyed with only one restriction. A broad flat stone was +pointed out to him in one part of the palace garden, on which he was +forbidden to stand, under penalty of the heaviest misfortune. One day, +however, finding himself near the fatal stone, the temptation to stand on +it became irresistible, and he yielded to it, and immediately found himself +in full view of his native land, the existence of which he had forgotten +from the moment he had entered the kingdom of Thiernah Ogieh. But alas! how +was it changed from that country he had left only a few days since, for +"the strong had become weak," and "the brave become cowards," while +oppression and violence held undisputed sway through land. Overcome with +grief, he hastened to the the queen to beg that he might be restored to his +country without delay, that he might endeavour to apply some remedy to its +misfortunes. The queen's prophetic skill made her aware of Ussheen's +transgression of her commands before he spoke, and she exerted all her +persuasive powers to prevail upon him to give up his desire to return to +Erin, but in vain. She then asked him how long he supposed he had been +absent from his native land, and on his answering "thrice seven days," she +amazed him by declaring that three times thrice seven years had elapsed +since his arrival at the kingdom of Thiernah Ogieh; and though Time had no +power to enter that land, it would immediately assert its dominion over him +if he left it. At length she persuaded him to promise that he would return +to his country for only one day, and then come back to dwell with her for +ever; and she gave him a jet-black horse of surpassing beauty, from whose +back she charged him on no account to alight, or at all events not to allow +the bridle to fall from his hand. She farther endued him with wisdom and +knowledge far surpassing that of men. Having mounted his fairy steed, he +soon found himself approaching his former home; and as he journeyed he met +a man {361} driving before him a horse, across whose back was thrown a sack +of corn: the sack having fallen a little to one side, the man asked Ussheen +to assist him in balancing it properly; Ussheen instantly stooped from his +horse, and catching the sack in his right hand, gave it such a heave that +it fell over on the other side. Annoyed at his mistake, he forgot the +injunctions of his bride, and sprung from his horse to lift the sack from +the ground, letting the bridle fall from his hand at the same time: +instantly the horse struck fire from the ground with his hoofs, and +uttering a neigh louder than thunder, vanished; at the same instant his +curling locks fell from Ussheen's head, darkness closed over his beaming +eyes, the more than mortal strength forsook his limbs, and, a feeble +helpless old man, he stretched forth his hands seeking some one to lead +him: but the mental gifts bestowed on him by his immortal bride did not +leave him, and, though unable to serve his countrymen with his sword, he +bestowed upon them the advice and instruction which flowed from wisdom +greater than that of mortals. + +FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_On "Run-awayes" in Romeo and Juliet._-- + + "Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steedes, + Towards Phoebus' lodging such a wagoner + As Phaeton would whip you to the west, + And bring in cloudie night immediately. + Spred thy close curtaine, Love-performing night, + That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo + Leape to these armes, vntalkt of and vnseene." + +Your readers will no doubt exclaim, is not this question already settled +for ever, if not by MR. SINGER'S substitution of _rumourer's_, at least by +that of R. H. C., viz. _rude day's_? I must confess that I thought the +former so good, when it first appeared in these pages, that nothing more +was wanted; yet this is surpassed by the suggestion of R. H. C. As +conjectural emendations, they may rank with any that Shakspeare's text has +been favoured with; in short, the poet might undoubtedly have written +either the one or the other. + +But this is not the question. The question is, did he write the passage as +it stands in the first folio, which I have copied above? Subsequent +consideration has satisfied me that he did. I find the following passage in +the _Merchant of Venice_, Act II. Sc. 6.: + + "---- but come at once, + For the close night doth play the run-away, + And we are staid for at Bassanio's feast." + +Is it very difficult to believe that the poet who called the departing +_night_ a _run-away_ would apply the same term to the _day_ under similar +circumstances? + +Surely the first folio is a much more correctly printed book than many of +Shakspeare's editors and critics would have us believe. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +The Word "_clamour" in "The Winter's Tale_."--MR. KEIGHTLEY complains (Vol +viii., p. 241.) that some observations of mine (p. 169.) on the word +_clamour_, in _The Winter's Tale_, are precisely similar to his own in Vol. +vii., p. 615. Had they been so in reality, I presume our Editor would not +have inserted them; but I think they contain something farther, suggesting, +as they do, the A.-S. origin of the word, and going far to prove that our +modern _calm_, the older _clame_, the Shakspearian _clamour_, the more +frequent _clem_, Chaucer's _clum_, &c., all of them spring from the same +source, viz. the A.-S. _clam_ or _clom_, which means a band, clasp, +bandage, chain, prison; from which substantive comes the verb _claemian_, to +clam, to stick or glue together, to bind, to imprison. + +If I passed over in silence those points on which MR. KEIGHTLEY and myself +agreed, I need scarcely assure him that it was for the sake of brevity, and +not from any want of respect to him. + +I may remark, by the way, on a conjecture of MR. KEIGHTLEY'S (Vol. vii., p. +615.), that perhaps, in _Macbeth_, Act V. Sc. 5., Shakspeare might have +written "till famine _clem_ thee," and not, as it stands in the first +folio, "till famine _cling_ thee," that he is indeed, as he says, "in the +region of conjecture:" _cling_ is purely A.-S., as he will find in +Bosworth, "_Clingan_, to wither, pine, to cling or shrink up; marcescere." + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Three Passages in "Measure for Measure._"--H. C. K. has a treacherous +memory, or rather, what I believe to be the truth, he, like myself, has not +a complete Shakspeare apparatus. COLLIER'S first edition surely cannot be +in his library, or he would have known that Warburton, long ago, read +_seared_ for _feared_, and that the same word appears in Lord Ellesmere's +copy of the first folio, the correction having been made, as MR. COLLIER +remarks, while the sheet was at press. I however assure H. C. K. that I +regard his correction as perfectly original. Still I have my doubts if +_seared_ be the poet's word, for I have never met it but in connexion with +hot iron; and I should be inclined to prefer _sear_ or _sere_; but this +again is always physically _dry_, and not metaphorically so, and I fear +that the true word is not to be recovered. + +I cannot consent to go back with H. C. K. to the Anglo-Saxon for a sense of +_building_, which I do not think it ever bore, at least not in our poet's +time. His quotation from the "Jewel House," &c. is not to the point, for +the context shows that "a building word" is a word or promise that will +{362} set me a-building, _i. e._ writing. After all I see no difficulty in +"the _all-building_ law;" it means the law that builds, maintains, and +repairs the whole social edifice, and is well suited to Angelo, whose +object was to enhance the favour he proposed to grant. + +Again, if H. C. K. had looked at COLLIER'S edit., he would have seen that +in Act I. Sc. 2., _princely_ is the reading of the second folio, and not a +modern conjecture. If he rejects this authority, he must read a little +farther on _perjury_ for _penury_. As to the Italian _prenze_, I cannot +receive it. I very much doubt Shakspeare's knowledge of Italian, and am +sure that he would not, if he understood the word, use it as an adjective. +MR. COLLIER'S famed corrector reads with Warburton _priestly_, and +substitutes _garb_ for _guards_, a change which convinces me (if proof were +wanting) that he was only a guesser like ourselves, for it is plain, from +the previous use of the word _living_, that _guards_ is the right word. + +THOS. KEIGHTLEY. + +_Shakspeare's Works with a Digest of all the Readings_ (Vol. viii., pp. 74, +170.).--I fully concur with your correspondent's suggestion, and beg to +suggest to MR. HALLIWELL that his splendid monograph edition would be +greatly improved if he would undertake the task. As his first volume +contains but one play (_Tempest_), it may not be too late to adopt the +suggestion, so that every variation of the text (in the briefest possible +form) might be seen at a glance. + +ESTE. + + * * * * * + +DEATH ON THE FINGERS. + + "Isaac saith, I am old, and I know not the day of my death (_Gen._ + xxvii. 2.); no more doth any, though never so young. As soon (saith the + proverb) goes the _lamb's_ skin to the market as that of the _old + sheep_; and the Hebrew saying is, There be as many _young_ skulls in + Golgotha as _old_; young men _may_ die (for none have or can make any + agreement with the grave, or any covenant with death, _Isa._ xxviii. + 15. 18.), but old men _must_ die. 'Tis the grant statute of heaven + (_Heb._ ix. 27.). _Senex quasi seminex_, an old man is half dead; yea, + now, at fifty years old, we are accounted three parts dead; this lesson + we may learn from our fingers' ends, the dimensions whereof demonstrate + this to us, beginning at the end of the little finger, representing our + childhood, rising up to a little higher at the end of the ring-finger, + which betokens our youth; from it to the top of the middle finger, + which is the highest point of our elevated hand, and so most aptly + represents our middle age, when we come to our [Greek: akme], or height + of stature and strength; then begins our declining age, from thence to + the end of our forefinger which amounts to a little fall, but from + thence to the end of the thumb there is a great fall, to show, when man + goes down (in his old age) he falls fast and far, and breaks (as we + say) with a witness. Now, if our very fingers' end do read us such a + divine lecture of mortality, oh, that we could take it out, and have it + perfect (as we say) on our fingers' end, &c. + + "To old men death is _prae januis_, stands before their door, &c. Old + men have (_pedem in cymba Charonis_) one foot in the grave already; and + the Greek word [Greek: geron] (an old man) is derived from [Greek: para + to eis gen oran], which signifies a looking towards the ground; + decrepit age goes stooping and grovelling, as groaning to the grave. It + doth not only expect death, but oft solicits it."--Christ. Ness's + _Compleat History and Mystery of the Old and New Test._, fol. Lond. + 1690, chap. xii. p. 227. + +From _The Barren Tree_, a sermon on Luke xiii. 7., preached at Paul's +Cross, Oct. 26, 1623, by Thos. Adams: + + "Our bells ring, our chimneis smoake, our fields rejoice, our children + dance, ourselues sing and play, _Jovis omnia plena_. But when + righteousnesse hath sowne and comes to reape, here is no haruest; + [Greek: ouk eurisko], I finde none. And as there was neuer lesse + wisdome in Greece then in time of the Seven Wise Men, so neuer lesse + pietie among vs, then now, when vpon good cause most is expected. When + the sunne is brightest the stars be darkest: so the cleerer our light, + the more gloomy our life with the deeds of darkness. The Cimerians, + that live in a perpetuall mist, though they deny a sunne, are not + condemned of impietie; but Anaxogoras, that saw the sunne and yet + denied it, is not condemned of ignorance, but of impietie. Former times + were like Leah, bleare-eyed, but fruitful; the present, like Rachel, + faire, but barren. We give such acclamation to the Gospell, that we + quite forget to observe the law. As vpon some solenne festivall, the + bells are rung in all steeples, but then the clocks are tyed vp: there + is a great vntun'd confusion and clangor, but no man knowes how the + time passeth. So in this vniuersall allowance of libertie by the + Gospell (which indeed rejoyceth our hearts, had we the grace of sober + vsage), the clocks that tel vs how the time passes, Truth and + Conscience, that show the bounded vse and decent forme of things, are + tyed vp, and cannot be heard. Still _Fructum non invenio_, I finde no + fruits. I am sorry to passe the fig-tree in this plight: but as I finde + it, so I must leave it, till the Lord mend it."--Pp. 39, 40., 4to. + Lond. 1623. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_On a "Custom of y^e Englyshe._"--When a more than ordinarily doubtful +matter is offered us for credence, we are apt to inquire of the teller if +he "sees any green" in our optics, accompanying the query by an elevation +of the right eyelid with the forefinger. Now, regarding this merely as a +"fast" custom, I marvelled greatly at finding a similar action noted by +worthy Master Blunt, as conveying to his mind an analogous meaning. I can +scarcely credit its antiquity; but what other meaning can I understand from +the episode he {363} relates? He had been trying to pass himself off as a +native, but-- + + "The third day, in the morning, I, prying up and down alone, met a + Turke, who, in Italian, told me--Ah! are you an Englishman, and with a + _kind of malicious posture laying his forefinger under his eye_, + methought he had the lookes of a designe."--_Voyage in the Levant, + performed by Mr. Henry Blunt_, p. 60.: Lond. 1650. + +--a silent, but expressive, "posture," tending to eradicate any previously +formed opinion of the verdantness of Mussulmans! + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + +_Epitaph at Crayford._--I send the following lines, if you think them +worthy an insertion in your Epitaphiana: a friend saw them in the +churchyard of Crayford, Kent. + + "To the Memory of PETER IZOD, who was thirty-five years clerk of this + parish, and always proved himself a pious and mirthful man. + + "The life of this clerk was just three score and ten, + During half of which time he had sung out Amen. + He married when young, like other young men; + His wife died one day, so he chaunted Amen. + A second he took, she departed,--what then? + He married, and buried a third with Amen. + Thus his joys and his sorrows were treble, but then + His voice was deep bass, as he chaunted Amen. + On the horn he could blow as well as most men, + But his horn was exalted in blowing Amen. + He lost all his wind after threescore and ten, + And here with three wives he waits till again + The trumpet shall rouse him to sing out Amen." + +Tradition reports these verses to have been composed by some curate of the +parish. + +QUAESTOR. + +_The Font at Islip._-- + + "In the garden is placed a relic of some interest--the font in which it + is said King Edward the Confessor was baptised at Islip. The block of + stone in which the basin of immersion is excavated, is unusually massy. + It is of an octangular shape, and the outside is adorned by tracery + work. The interior diameter of the basin is thirty inches, and the + depth twenty. The whole, with the pedestal, which is of a piece with + the rest, is five feet high, and bears the following imperfect + inscription: + + 'This sacred Font Saint Edward first _receavd_, + From Womb to Grace, from Grace to Glory went, + His virtuous life. To this _fayre_ Isle _beqveth'd_, + _Prase_ ... and to _vs_ but lent. + Let this remaine, the Trophies of his Fame, + A King baptizd from hence a Saint became.' + + "Then is inscribed: + + 'This Fonte came from the Kings Chapel_l_ in Islip.'"--Extracted from + the _Beauties of England and Wales_, title "Oxfordshire," p. 454. + +In the gardens at Kiddington there-- + + "was an old font wherein it is said Edward the Confessor was baptized, + being brought thither from an old decayed chapel at Islip (the + birth-place of that religious prince), where it had been put up to an + indecent use, as well as the chapel."--Extracted from _The English + Baronets, being a Historical and Genealogical Account of their + Families_, published 1727. + +The Viscounts Montague, and consequently the Brownes of Kiddington, traced +their descent from this king through Joan de Beaufort, daughter of John of +Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. + +C. B. + +"_As good as a Play._"--I note this very ordinary phrase as having royal +origin or, at least, authority. It was a remark of King Charles II., when +he revived a practice of his predecessors, and attended the sittings of the +House of Lords. + +The particular occasion was the debate, then interesting to him, on Lord +Roos' Divorce Bill. + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +LOVETT OF ASTWELL. + +It is stated in all the pedigrees of this family which I have seen, that +Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell in Northamptonshire, who died in 1542, +married for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter (Burke calls her "heir," +_Extinct Baronetage_, p. 110.) of John Boteler, Esq., of Woodhall Watton, +in Hertfordshire. The pedigree of the Botelers in Clutterbuck's +_Hertfordshire_ (vol. ii. p. 476.) does not notice this marriage, nor is +there any distinct allusion to it in the wills of either family. Thomas +Lovett's will, dated 20th November, 1542, and proved on the following 19th +January, does not contain the name of Boteler. (_Testamenta Vetusta_, vol. +ii. p. 697.) His father Thomas Lovett, indeed, in his will dated 29th +October, 7 Henry VII., and proved 28th January, 1492 (_Test. Vetust._, vol. +ii. p. 410.), bequeaths to Isabel Lovett and Margaret, his daughters, "Cl. +which John Boteler oweth me," but he refers to no relationship between the +families. Again, "John Butteler, Esquier," by his will, dated 7th +September, 1513, and proved at Lambeth 11th July, 1515, appoints "his most +gracious Maister, Maister Thomas Louett," to be supervisor of his will, and +bequeaths to him "a Sauterbook as a poore remembraunce;" but he alludes to +no marriage, nor does he mention a daughter Elizabeth. This John Boteler is +said by Clutterbuck to have married three wives: 1. Katherine, daughter of +Thomas Acton; 2. Margaret, daughter of Henry Belknap, who died 18th August, +1513; 3. Dorothy, daughter of William Tyrrell, Esq., of Gipping in Suffolk: +the last-mentioned was the mother of his heir, Sir Philip Boteler, Kt.; but +I can nowhere find who was the mother of the son Richard, and the daughters +Mary and Joyce mentioned in his will, {364} or of Thomas Lovett's wife. I +cannot help fancying that Elizabeth Lovett was his only child by one of his +wives, and was perhaps heir to her mother. Can one of your contributors +bring forward any authority to confirm or disprove this conjecture? Whilst +I am speaking of the Lovett pedigree, I would also advert to two other +contradictions in the popular accounts of it. That most inaccurate of +books, Betham's _Baronetage_, vol. v. p. 517., says, Giles Pulton, Esq., of +Desborough, married Anne, daughter of Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell: the +same author, vol. i. p. 299., calls her Catherine; which is correct? +Neither Anne nor Catherine is mentioned in Thomas Lovett the Elder's will +(_Test. Vetust._, vol. ii. p. 410). Again, Betham, Burke, and Bridges +(_History of Northamptonshire_, "Astwell") have rolled out Thomas Lovett +into two persons, and in fact have made him appear the son of his second +wife Joan Billinge, who was not the ancestress of the Lovetts of Astwell at +all. Nor was it possible she could be; for Thomas Lovett, in his will, +dated 1492, speaks of her as "Joan, my wife, late the wife of John Hawys, +one of the Justices of the Common Pleas." Now this John Hawys was living in +1487, and Lovett's son and heir, Thomas, was seventeen years old in 1492. +The abstract of Lovett's will in the _Test. Vetust._, calling Thomas Lovett +the Younger "my son and heir by the said Joan my wife," must therefore be +manifestly incorrect. I will not apologise for the minuteness of this +account, as I believe the correction of detail in published pedigrees to be +one of the most valuable features of "N. & Q.;" but I am almost ashamed of +the length of my communication, which I hope some of your readers may throw +light upon. + +TEWARS. + + * * * * * + +OATHS. + +The very remarkable distinction between the manner in which English and +Welsh witnesses take the book at the time when they are sworn, has often +struck me. An English witness always takes the book with his fingers under, +and his thumb at the top of the book. A Welsh witness, on the contrary, +takes it with his fingers at the top, and his thumb under the book. How has +this singular difference arisen? I am inclined to suggest that originally +the oath was taken by merely laying the hand on the top of the book, +without kissing it. Lord Coke (3 _Inst._ 165.) says, "It is called a +corporal oath, because he toucheth with his hand some part of the Holy +Scripture." And Jacob (_L. D._, "Oath"), says it is so called "because the +witness, when he swears, _lays his right hand upon_, and toucheth the Holy +Evangelists." And Lord Hale (2 _H. P. C._ 279.) says, "The regular oath, as +is allowed by the laws of England, is 'Tactis sacrosanctis Dei +Evangeliis'," and in case of a Jew, "Tacto libro legis Mosaicae:" and, if I +rightly remember, the oath as administered in the Latin form at Oxford +concludes: "Ita te Deus adjuvet, tactis sacrosanctis Christi Evangeliis." +In none of these instances does kissing the book appear to be essential. +Whereas the present form used in the Courts is, "So help you God, kiss the +book;" but still the witness is always required to touch the book with his +hand, and he is never permitted to hold the book with his hand in a glove. +When then did the practice of kissing the book originate? And how happens +it that the Welsh and English take the book in the hand in the different +manners I have described? + +C. S. G. + + * * * * * + +THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH. + +Powerful as this extraordinary agent has become, and incalculably useful as +its operation is now found to be, it would appear that the principle of the +electric telegraph and its _modus operandi_, almost identically as at +present, were known and described upwards of a century ago. On the occasion +of a late visit to Robert Baird, Esq., of Auchmeddan, at his residence, +Cadder House, near Glasgow, my attention was called by that gentleman to a +letter initialed C. M., dated Renfrew, Feb. 15, 1753, and published that +year in the _Scots Magazine_, vol. xv. p. 73., where the writer not only +suggests electricity as a medium for conveying messages and signals, but +details with singular minuteness the method of opening and maintaining +lingual communication between remote points, a method which, with only few +improvements, has now been so eminently successful. It is usual to +attribute this wonderful discovery to the united labours of Mr. W. F. Cooke +and Professor Wheatstone, but has any one acknowledged the contribution of +C. M., and can any of the learned correspondents of "N. & Q." inform me who +he was? + +INQUIRENDO. + +Glasgow. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Queries relating to the Porter Family._--Above the inscription on the +tablet erected by a devoted friend to the memory of this highly-gifted +family in Bristol Cathedral, is a medallion of a portcullis surrounded by +the word AGINCOURT, and surmounted by the date 1415.--What connexion is +there between Agincourt[2] and the Porter family? + +{365} + +Did Sir R. K. Porter write on account of Sir John Moore's campaign in the +Peninsula?--What is the title of the book, and where can it be procured?[3] + +Who was Charles Lempriere Porter (who died Feb. 14, 1831, aged thirty-one), +mentioned on the Porter tombstone in St. Paul's churchyard at Bristol?--Who +was Phoebe, wife of Dr. Porter, who died Feb. 20, 1845, aged seventy-nine, +and whose name also occurs on this stone? + +Did this family (which is now supposed to be extinct) claim descent from +Endymion Porter, the loyal and devoted adherent of King Charles the Martyr? + +D. Y. N. + +[Footnote 2: It refers to Sir Robert Ker Porter's third great battle-piece, +AGINCOURT: which memorable battle took place October 25, 1415. Sir Robert +presented it to the city of London, and it is still in the possession of +the corporation: it was hung up in the Guildhall a few years since.] + +[Footnote 3: In 1808, Sir R. K. Porter accompanied Sir John Moore's +expedition to the Peninsula, and attended the campaign throughout, up to +the closing catastrophe of the battle of Corunna. On his return to England, +he published anonymously, _Letters from Portugal and Spain, written during +the March of the Troops under Sir John Moore_, 1809, 8vo.--ED.] + +_Lord Ball of Bagshot._--Coryat, in his _Crudities_, vol. ii. p. 471., +edit. 1776, tells us that at St. Gewere, near Ober-Wesel-- + + "There hangeth an yron collar fastened in the wall, with one linke fit + to be put upon a man's neck, without any manner of hurt to the party + that weareth it. + + "This collar doth every stranger and freshman, the first time that he + passeth that way, put upon his neck, which he must weare so long + standing till he hath redeemed himself with a competent measure of + wine." + +Coryat submitted himself to the collar "for novelty sake," and he adds: + + "This custome doth carry some kinde of affinity with certain sociable + ceremonies that wee have in a place of England, which are performed by + that most reuerend Lord _Ball_ of Bagshot, in Hampshire, who doth with + many, and indeed more solemne, rites inuest his brothers of his + vnhallowed chappell of Basingstone (Basingstoke?) (as all our men of + the westerne parts of England do know by deare experience to the smart + of their purses), to these merry burgomaisters of Saint _Gewere_ vse to + do." + +Will any of your readers state whether the custom is remembered in +Hampshire, and afford explanation as to the most Rev. Lord Ball? The +writers that I have referred to are silent, and I do not find mention of +the custom in the pages of Mr. Urban. + +J. H. M. + +_Marcarnes._--In Guillim's _Display of Heraldry_ (6th edit., London, 1724), +sect. 2. chap. v. p. 32., occurs the following description of a coat of +arms: "_Marcarnes_, vaire, a pale, sable." + +There is no reference to a Heralds' Visitation, or to the locality in which +resided the family bearing this name and coat. It is only mentioned as an +instance among many others of the pale in heraldry. I have searched many +heraldic books, as well as copies of Heralds' Visitations, but cannot find +the name elsewhere. Will any herald advise me how to proceed farther in +tracing it? + +G. R. M. + +_The Claymore._--What is the original weapon to which belongs the name of +claymore (_claidh mhor_)? Is it the two-handed sword, or the basket-hilted +two-edged sword _now_ bearing the appellation? Is the latter kind of sword +peculiar to Scotland? They are frequently to be met with in this part of +the country. One was found a few years since plunged up to the hilt in the +earth on the Cotswold Hills. It was somewhat longer than the Highland +broadsword, but exactly similar to a weapon which I have seen, and which +belonged to a Lowland Whig gentleman slain at Bothwell Bridge. If these +swords be exclusively Scottish, may they not be relics of the unhappy +defeat at Worcester? + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +_Sir William Chester, Kt._--It is said of this gentleman in all the +Baronetages, that "he was a great benefactor to the city of London in the +time of Edward VI., and that he became so strictly religious, that for a +considerable time before his death he retired from all business, entered +himself a fellow-commoner at Cambridge, lived there some years' and was +reputed a learned man." Did he take any degree at Cambridge, and to what +college or hall did he belong? Must there not be some records in the +University which will yield this information? I observe the "Graduati +Cantabrigienses" only commence in 1659 in the printed list; but there must +be older lists than this at Cambridge. Collins mentions that he was so +conspicuous in his zeal for the Reformed religion, that he ran great risk +of his life in Queen Mary's reign, and that one of his servants was burnt +in Smithfield. Can any one inform me of his authority for this statement? + +TEWARS. + +_Canning on the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and Great +Britain._--When and under what circumstances did Canning use the following +words?-- + + "The results of this treaty [of 1824 between England and Holland, to + regulate their respective interests in the East Indies] were an + admission of the principles of free trade. A line of demarcation was + drawn, separating our territories from theirs, and ridding them of + their settlements on the Indian continent. All these objects are now + attained. We have obtained Sincapore, we have got a free trade, and in + return we have given up Bencoolen." + +Where are these words to be found, and what is the title of the English +paper called by the {366} French _Courier du Commerce_?--From the +_Navorscher_. + +L. D. S. + +_Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant._--"And Ireland, like a bastinadoed +elephant, kneeled to receive her rider." This sentence is ascribed by Lord +Byron to the Irish orator Curran. Diligent search through his speeches, as +published in the United States, has been unsuccessful in finding it. Can +any of your readers "locate it," as we say in the backwoods of America? A +bastinado properly is a punishment inflicted by beating the soles of the +feet: such a flagellation could not very conveniently be administered to an +elephant. The figure, if used by Curran, has about it the character of an +elephantine bull. + +[Old English W] + +Philadelphia. + +_Memorial Lines by Thomas Aquinas._-- + + "Thomas Aquinas summed up, in a quaint tetrastic, twelve causes which + might found sentences of nullity, of repudiation, or of the two kinds + of divorce; to which some other, as monkish as himself, added two more + lines, increasing the causes to fourteen, and to these were afterwards + added two more. The former are [here transcribed from] the note: + + 'Error, conditio, votum, cognatio, crimen, + Cultus disparitas, vis, ordo, ligamen, honestas, + Si sis affinis, si forte coeire nequibis, + Si parochi, et duplicis desit praesentia testis, + Raptave si mulier, parti nec reddita tutae; + Haec facienda vetant connubia, facta retractant.'"--From _Essay on + Scripture Doctrines of Adultery and Divorce_, by H. V. Tabbs, + 8vo.: Lond. 1822. + +The subject was proposed, and a prize of fifty pounds awarded to this +essay, by the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Diocese of +St. David's in 1821. This appears to me to have been a curious application +of its funds by such a society. Can any of your readers explain it? + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +"_Johnson's turgid style_"--"_What does not fade_?"--Can any of your +readers tell me where to find the following lines? + + "I own I like not Johnson's turgid style, + That gives an inch th' importance of a mile," + &c. &c. + +And + + "What does not fade? The tower which long has stood + The crash of tempests, and the warring winds, + Shook by the sure but slow destroyer, Time, + Now hangs in doubtful ruins o'er its base," + &c. &c. + +A. F. B. + +_Meaning of "Lane," &c._--By what process of development could the +Anglo-Saxon _laen_ (_i. e._ the English word _lane_, and the Scottish +_loaning_) have obtained its present meaning, which answers to that of the +_limes_ of the Roman _agrimensores_? + +What is considered to be the English measurement of the Roman _juger_, and +the authorities for such measurement? + +What is the measurement of the Anglo-Saxon _hyde_, and the authorities for +such measurement? + +H. + +_Theobald le Botiller._--What Theobald le Botiller did Rose de Vernon +marry? See Vernon, in Burke's _Extinct Peerage_; Butler, in Lynch's _Feudal +Dignities_; and the 2nd Butler (Ormond), in Lodge's _Peerage_. + +Y. S. M. + +_William, fifth Lord Harrington._--Did William, fifth Lord Harrington, +marry Margaret Neville (see Burke's _Extinct Peerage_) or Lady Catherine +Courtenay? The latter is given in Burke's _Peerage and Baronetage_, in Sir +John Harrington's pedigree. + +Y. S. M. + +_Singular Discovery of a Cannon-ball._--A heavy cannon-shot, I should +presume a thirty-two pound ball, was found embedded in a large tree, cut +down some years since on the estate of J. W. Martin, Esq., at Showborough, +in the parish of Twyning, Gloucestershire. There was never till quite +lately any house of importance on the spot, nor is there any trace of +intrenchments to be discovered. The tree stood at some distance from the +banks of the Avon, and on the other side of that river runs the road from +Tewkesbury through Bredon to Pershore. The ball in question is marked with +the broad arrow. From whence and at what period was the shot fired? + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +_Scottish Castles._--It is a popular belief, and quoted frequently in the +_Statistical Account of Scotland_, and other works referring to Scottish +affairs, that the fortresses of Edinburgh Castle, Stirling Castle, +Dumbarton Castle, Blackness Castle, were appointed by the Articles of Union +between England and Scotland to be kept in repair and garrisoned. Can any +of your readers refer to the foundation for this statement? for no +reference in to be found to the subject in the Articles of Union. + +SCRYMZEOUR. + +Edinburgh. + +_Sneezing._--Concerning _sneezing_, it is a curious circumstance that if +any one should sneeze in company in North Germany, those present will say, +"Your good health;" in Vienna, gentlemen in a _cafe_ will take off their +hats, and say, "God be with you" and in Ireland Paddy will say, "God bless +your honour," or "Long life to your honour." I understand that in Italy and +Spain similar expressions are used and I think I remember {367} hearing, +that in Bengal the natives make a "salam" on these occasions. + +There is also, I believe, a popular idea among some of sneezing having some +connexion with Satanic agency; and I lately met with a case where a +peculiar odour was invariably distinguishable by two sisters, on a certain +individual violently sneezing. + +I shall be very much obliged if any of your readers can furnish me with any +facts, theories, or popular ideas upon this subject. + +MEDICUS. + +_Spenser's "Fairy Queen."_--Allow me to employ an interval of leisure, +after a visit to the remains of Kilcolman Castle, in inquiring whether any +of your Irish readers can afford information respecting the existence of +the long missing books of the _Fairy Queen_? Mrs. Hall, in her work on +Ireland (vol. i. pp. 93, 94.), says that-- + + "More than mere rumour exists for believing that the lost books have + been preserved, and that the MS. was in the possession of a _Captain + Garrett Nagle_ within the last forty years." + +W. L. N. + +Buttevant, co. Cork. + +_Poema del Cid._--Is there any edition of the _Poema del Cid_ besides the +one published by Sanchez (_Poesias Castellanas anteriores al siglo XV._), +and reprinted by Ochoa, and appended likewise to an edition of Ochoa's +_Tesoro de los Romanceros_, &c., published at Barcelona in 1840? I shall +feel obliged by being referred to an edition in a detached form, with +glossary and notes, if such there be. + +J. M. B. + +_The Brazen Head._--As upon two former occasions, through the useful and +interesting pages of "N. & Q.," have been enabled to obtain information +which I could procure in no other way, I am glad to have an opportunity of +recording the obligations I myself, like many more, am under to "N. & Q.," +and to some of your talented and kindly correspondents. Being anxious still +farther to trespass upon your space, I take this opportunity of alike +thanking you and them.--Could any reader of "N. & Q." inform me whether +more than two numbers of _The Brazen Head_ were ever published? Through the +great courtesy of talented correspondent of "N. & Q." from Worcester, I +have the first two; but I am anxious, for a literary purpose, to +_ascertain_ whether the publication was continued after. + +A. F. A. W. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_The Basilics._"--What is the manuscript called the "Basilics" in the +following passage, which occurs in a cotemporary MS., "Memoirs of the Life +of the Right Hon. John Lord Scudamore, Viscount Sligo in Ireland," in the +library of P. Howard, Esq., at Corby Castle? Is it known where it is now +preserved? + +Have these memoirs been printed? Lord S. was born in 1600, and was +ambassador to France when this circumstance occurred. + + "There having been intelligence given to his Excellence by that + renowned person, and his then great acquaintance, Mons. Grotius, lieger + in Paris for the crown of Sweden, of a very valuable manuscript of many + volumes, being the body of the civil law in Greek, commonly called the + 'Basilics,' in the hands of the heirs of the famous lawyer lately + deceased, Petrus Faber,--desirous to enrich his country with this + treasure, he transacted and agreed with the possessors for the price of + it, which was no less than 500l. But when it should have been + delivered, and the money was ready to be paid down, Cardinal Richelieu + (the great French minister of state at that time) having notice of the + transaction interposed, and forbad the going on upon the contract, as + thinking it would have been a diminution to their nation to permit such + a prize to come into the hands of strangers, and by their charge and + labour be communicated to the world." + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + +Wallington. + + [Basilica is a name given to a digest of laws commenced by the Emperor + Basilius in the year 867, and completed by his son Leo the philosopher + in the year 880, the former having carried the work as far as forty + books, and the latter having added twenty more, in which state it was + published. The complete edition of Charles Annibal Fabrot, which + appeared at Paris in 1647, proved of great service to the study of + ancient jurisprudence. It is contained in seven volumes folio, and + accompanied with Latin version of the text, as well as of the Greek + scholia subjoined. See a valuable article on the Greek texts of the + Roman law, in the _Foreign Quarterly Review_, vol. vii. p. 461.--The + MS. "Memoirs of the Hon. John Lord Scudamore" seem to have been used by + Matthew Gibson in his _View of the Ancient and Present State of the + Churches of Door, Horne-Lacy, and Hempsted, with Memoirs of the + Scudamore Family_, 4to., 1727, as the substance of the passage quoted + by our correspondent is given at p. 95. of that work.] + +_Fire at Honiton._--I am solicitous to learn the particulars of a fire +which occurred at Honiton, in Devonshire, in the year 1765, when the chapel +and school-house were burned down, and the former thereupon rebuilt by +_collections_ under a _brief_. + +In a review of Mr. Digby Wyatt's "Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth +Century" (in the _Athenaeum_ for June 18th of the current year), reference +is made by Mrs. Treadwin of Exeter to "_a book_ mentioning two great fires +which occurred in 1756 and 1767 in Honiton," but it is not stated who was +the _author_ of that book. {368} + +Can you or any of your readers furnish me with the _title_ of the book +intended, or direct me to any other sources of information on the subject +of the Honiton fires? + +S. T. + + [Notices of fires at Honiton occur in the following works:--_The Wisdom + and Righteousness of Divine Providence._ A sermon preached at Honiton + on occasion of a dreadful fire, 21st August, 1765, which consumed 140 + houses, a chapel, and a meeting-house. By R. Harrison, 4to. + 1765.--Shaw, in his _Tour to the West of England_, p. 444., mentions a + dreadful fire, 19th July, 1747, which reduced three parts of the town + to ashes.--Lysons' _Devonshire_, p. 281., states that Honiton has been + visited by the destructive calamity of fire in 1672, 1747, 1754, and + 1765. The last-mentioned happened on the 21st August, and was the most + calamitous; 115 houses were burnt down, and the steeple of Allhallows + Chapel, with the school, were destroyed. The damage was estimated at + above 10,500l.] + +_Michaelmas Goose._--The following little inconsistency in a +commonly-received tradition has led me, at the request of a large party of +well-read and literary friends, to request your solution of the difficulty +in an early Number of your paper. + +It is currently reported, and nine men in ten will tell you, if you ask +them the reason why goose is always eaten on the 29th Sept., Michaelmas +Day, that Queen Elizabeth was eating goose when the news of the destruction +of the Invincible Armada was brought, and she immediately put down her +knife and fork, and said, "From this day forth let all British-born +subjects eat goose on this day." + +Now in Creasy's _Battles_ it is stated that the Spanish fleet was destroyed +in the month of July. How could it then be the 29th of Sept. when the news +of its defeat reached her majesty? If any of your readers can solve this +seeming improbability be will greatly oblige + +MICHAELMAS DAY. + + [Although it may be difficult to show how it is that the custom of + eating goose has in this country been transferred to Michaelmas Day, + while on the Continent it is observed at Martinmas, from which practice + the goose is often called _St. Martin's bird_, it is very easy to prove + that there is no foundation for the tradition referred to by our + correspondent. For the following extract from Stow's _Annales_ (ed. + Howes), p. 749., will show that, so far from the news of the defeat of + the Armada not reaching Elizabeth until the 29th of September, public + thanksgivings for the victory had been offered on the 20th of the + preceding month: + + "On the 20th of August, M. Nowell, Deane of Paules, preached at Paules + Crosse, in presence of the lord Maior and Aldermen, and the companies + in their best liveries, moving them to give laud and praise unto + Almightie God, for the great victorie by him given to our English + nation, by the overthrowe of the Spanish fleete."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PORTRAITS OF HOBBES AND LETTERS OF HOLLAR. + +(Vol. viii., p. 221.) + +Although I cannot answer the question of SIR WALTER TREVELYAN, the +following notices respecting the portraits of the Philosopher of Malmesbury +may not be unacceptable to him and to those who hold this distinguished +man's memory in high respect. + +That admirable gossip, John Aubrey, who lived in habits of intimacy with +Hobbes, has left us such a lively picture of the man, his person, and his +manners, as to leave nothing to desire. In reading it we cannot but regret +that Aubrey had not been a cotemporary of our great poet, about whom he has +been only able to furnish us with some hearsay anecdotes. + +Aubrey tells us that-- + + "Sir Charles Scarborough, M.D., Physician to his Royal Highness the + Duke of York, much loved the conversation of Hobbes, and hath a picture + of him (drawne about 1655), under which is this distich: + + 'Si quaeris de me, mores inquire, sed ille + Qui quaerit de me, forsitan alter erit.'" + + "In their meeting (_i. e._ the Royal Society) at Gresham College is his + picture drawne by the life, 1663, by a good hand, which they much + esteeme, and several copies have been taken of it." + +In a note Aubrey says: + + "He did me the honour to sit for his picture to Jo. Baptist Caspars, an + excellent painter, and 'tis a good piece. I presented it to the Society + twelve years since." + +In other places he tells us: + + "Amongst other of his acquaintance I must not forget Mr. Samuel Cowper + (Cooper), the prince of limners of this last age, who drew his picture + as like as art could afford, and one of the best pieces that ever he + did which his Majesty, at his returne, bought of him, and conserves as + one of his greatest rarities in his closet at Whitehall." + +In a note he adds: + + "This picture I intend to be borrowed of his Majesty for Mr. Loggan to + engrave an accurate piece by, which will sell well both at home and + abroad." + +Again he says: + + "Mr. S. Cowper (at whose house Hobbes and Sir William Petty often met) + drew his picture twice: the first the King has; the other is yet in the + custody of his (Cooper's) widowe; but he (Cowper) gave it indeed to me + (and I promised I would give it to the archives at Oxon), but I, like a + fool, did not take possession of it, for something of the garment was + not quite finished, and he died, I being then in the country." + +{369} + +This picture is, I believe, now in my possession. It is a small half-length +oil painting, measuring about twelve inches by nine. Hobbes is represented +at an open arch or window, with his book, the Leviathan, open before him; +the dress is, as Aubrey states, unfinished, and beneath is the remarkable +inscription,-- + + "AUT EGO INSANIO SOLUS: AUT EGO SOLUS NON INSANIO." + +It represents the philosopher at an advanced age, and is conformable in +every respect to the following description of his person: + + "In his old age he was very bald, yet within dore he used to study and + sit bareheaded, and said he never tooke cold in his head, but that the + greatest trouble was to keepe off the flies from pitching on the + baldness. His head was of a mallet forme, approved by the physiologers. + His face not very great, ample forehead, yellowish-red whiskers, which + naturally turned up; belowe he was shaved close, except a little tip + under his lip; not but that nature would have afforded him a venerable + beard, but being mostly of a cheerful and pleasant humour, he affected + not at all austerity and gravity, and to look severe. He considered + gravity and heavinesse of countenance not so good marks of assurance of + God's favour, as a cheerful charitable, and upright behaviour, which + are better signes of religions than the zealous maintaining of + controverted doctrines. He had a good eie, and that of a hazel colour, + which was full of life and spirit, even to his last; when he was in + discourse, there shone (as it were) a bright live coale within it. He + had two kinds of looks; when he laught, was witty, and in a merry + humour, one could scarce see his eies; by and by, when he was serious + and earnest, he opened his eies round his eie-lids: he had middling + eies, not very big nor very little. He was six foote high and something + better, and went indifferently erect, or rather, considering his great + age, very erect." + +Aubrey was one of the patrons of Hollar, of whom he has also given us some +brief but interesting particulars. The two following letters, which were +transcribed by Malone when he contemplated a publication of the Aubrey +papers, deserve preservation; indeed, one of them relates immediately to +the subject of this notice: + + "Sir, + + "I have now done the picture of Mr. Hobbes, and have showed it to some + of his acquaintance, who say it to be very like; but Stent has deceived + me, and maketh demurr to have it of me; as that at this present my + labour seemeth to be lost, for it lyeth dead by me. However, I returne + you many thankes for lending mee the Principall, and I have halve a + dozen copies for you, and the painting I have delivered to your + Messenger who brought it to mee before. + + "Your humble servant, + "W. HOLLAR. + + "The 1st of August, 1661." + + "[For Mr. Aubrey.] + + "Sir, + + "I have beene told this morning that you are in Town, and that you + desire to speak with mee, so I did presently repaire to your Lodging, + but they told mee that you went out at 6 o'clock that morning, and it + was past 7 then. If I could know certaine time when to finde you I + would waite on you. My selve doe lodge without St. Clement's Inne back + doore; as soon as you come up the steps and out of that doore is the + first house and doore on the left hand, two paire of staires into a + little passage right before you; but I am much abroad, and yet enough + at home too. + + "Your most humble servant, + W. HOLLAR. + + "If you had occasion to aske for mee of the people of the house, then + you must say the Frenchman Limmner, for they know not my name + perfectly, for reasons sake, otherwise you may goe up directly." + +This minute localising of one of the humble workshops of this admirable +artist may not be unacceptable to MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM for some future +edition of his very interesting _Handbook of London_. It may not be amiss +to add that Hollar died on the 25th of March 1677, in the seventieth year +of his age and that he was buried in St. Margaret's churchyard, +Westminster, near the north-west corner of the tower, but without stone to +mark the spot. + +S. W. SINGER. + +Mickleham. + + * * * * * + +PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 62.) + +In the vestry of the fine old priory church at Cartmel, in Lancashire, +there is a good library, chiefly of divinity, consisting of about three +hundred volumes, placed in a commodious room, and kept in nice order. This +small but valuable collection was left to the parish by Thomas Preston, of +Holker, Esq. + +There is another in the vestry of the church at Castleton, in Derbyshire; +or rather in a room built expressly to contain then, adjoining the vestry. +They were left to the parish by the Rev. James Farrer, M.A., who had been +vicar of Castleton for about forty-five years, and consist of about two +thousand volumes in good condition, partly theological and partly +miscellaneous, about equally divided, which are lent to the parishioners at +the discretion of the vicar. Mr. Farrer left behind him a maiden sister, +and a brother-in-law Mr. Hamilton, who resided in Bath; the former of whom +erected the room containing the books, and a vestry at the same time and +both considerably augmented the number of volumes, and made the library +what it now is. + +Under the chancel of the spacious and venerable parish church of Halifax, +in Yorkshire, are some large rooms upon a level with the lower part of the +churchyard, in one of which is contained a good library of books. Robert +Clay, D.D., vicar of Halifax, who died April 9, 1628, was buried in this +library, which he is said to have built. {370} + +In the Rectory House at Whitchurch, in Shropshire, built by Richard +Newcome, D.D., rector of that place, and afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph, +there is a valuable library left as an heirloom by the bequest of Jane, +Countess Dowager of Bridgewater; who, in the year 1707, having purchased +from his executors the library of the Reverend Clement Sankey, D.D., rector +of Whitchurch, for 305l., left it for ever for the use of the rectors for +the time being. The number of the volumes was 2250: amongst which are a +fine copy of Walton's _Polyglott Bible_, some of the ancient Fathers, and +other valuable theological works. This collection has been subsequently +increased by a bequest from the late Rev. Francis Henry, Earl of +Bridgewater (of eccentric memory), rector of Whitchurch, who by his will, +dated in 1825, gave the whole of his own books in the Rectory House at +Whitchurch, to be added to the others, and left also the sum of 150l. to +the rector to be invested in his name, and the dividends thereof expended +by him, together with the money arising from the sale of his lordship's +wines and liquors in his cellars at Whitchurch, in the purchase of printed +books for the use of the rectors of that parish for the time being. + +The same noble earl presented to the rector of Middle, in the county of +Salop, a small collection of books towards founding a library there: and +bequeathed by his will the sum of 800l., to be applied, under the direction +of the rector of Middle for the time being, for augmenting this library. He +also left a farther sum of 150l. to be invested in the name of the rector; +and the dividends thereof expended by him in the purchase of books for the +continual augmentation of the library, in the same manner as he had done at +Whitchurch. + +It is to this Earl of Bridgewater that we are indebted not only for those +valuable works the _Bridgewater Treatises_, but also for large bequests of +money and landed property to the trustees of the British Museum, for the +purchase of manuscripts, in addition to those from his own collection, +which he had already bequeathed to the same institution. + +THOS. CORSER. + +Stand Rectory. + + * * * * * + +BATTLE OF VILLERS EN COUCHE. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 8. 127.) + +I am in a position to furnish a more complete account of this skirmish, and +of the action of April 26, in which my grandfather, General Mansel, fell, +from a copy of the _Evening Mail_ of May 14, 1794, now in the possession of +J. C. Mansel, Esq., of Cosgrove Hall, Northamptonshire. Your correspondent +MR. T. C. SMITH appears to have been misinformed as to the immediate +suppression of the _Poetical Sketches_ by an officer of the Guards, as I +have seen the _third edition_ of that work, printed in 1796. + + "_Particulars of the Glorious Victory obtained by the English Cavalry + over the French under the Command of General Chapuis, at Troisoille, on + the 26th of April, 1794._ + + "On the 25th, according to orders received from the Committee of Public + Safety, and subsequently from General Pichegru, General Chapuis, who + commanded the Camp of Caesar, marched from thence with his whole force, + consisting of 25,000 infantry, 3000 cavalry, and seventy-five pieces of + cannon. At Cambray he divided them into three columns; the one marched + by Ligny, and attacked the redoubt at Troisoille, which was most + gallantly defended by Col. Congreve against this column of 10,000 men. + The second column was then united, consisting of 12,000 men, which + marched on the high road as far as Beausois, and from that village + turned off to join the first column; and the attack recommenced against + Col. Congreve's redoubt, who kept the whole at bay. The enemy's flank + was supported by the village of Caudry, to defend which they had six + pieces of cannon, 2000 infantry, and 500 cavalry. During this period + Gen. Otto conceived it practicable to fall on their flank with the + cavalry; in consequence of which, Gen. Mansel, with about 1450 + men--consisting of the Blues, 1st and 3rd Dragoon Guards, 5th Dragoon + Guards, and 1st Dragoons, 15th and 16th Dragoons, with Gen. Dundas, and + a division of Austrian cuirassiers, and another of Archduke Ferdinand's + hussars under Prince Swartzenburg--after several manoeuvres, came up + with the enemy in the village of Caudry, through which they charged, + putting the cavalry to flight, and putting a number of infantry to the + sword, and taking the cannon. Gen. Chapuis, perceiving the attack on + the village of Caudry, sent down the regiment of carabineers to support + those troops; but the succour came too late, and this regiment was + charged by the English light dragoons and the hussars, and immediately + gave way with some little loss. The charge was then continued against a + battery of eight pieces of cannon behind a small ravine, which was soon + carried; and, with equal rapidity, the heavy cavalry rushed on to + attack a battery of fourteen pieces of cannon, placed on an eminence + behind a very steep ravine, into which many of the front ranks fell; + and the cannon, being loaded with grape, did some execution: however, a + considerable body, with Gen. Mansel at their head, passed the ravine, + and charged the cannon with inconceivable intrepidity, and their + efforts were crowned with the utmost success. This event decided the + day, and the remaining time was passed in cutting down battalions, till + every man and horse was obliged to give up the pursuit from fatigue. It + was at the mouth of this battery that the brave and worthy Gen. Mansel + was shot: one grape-shot entering his chin, fracturing the spine, and + coming out between the shoulders; and the other breaking his arm to + splinters; his horse was also killed under him, his Brigade-Major + Payne's horse shot, and his son and aide-de-camp, Capt. Mansel, wounded + and taken prisoner; and it is since known that he was taken into {371} + Arras. The French lost between 14,000 and 15,000 men killed; we took + 580 prisoners. The loss in tumbrils and ammunition was immense, and in + all fifty pieces of cannon, of which thirty-five fell to the English; + twenty-seven to the heavy, and eight to the light cavalry. Thus ended a + day which will redound with immortal honour to the bravery of the + British cavalry, who, assisted by a small body of Austrians, the whole + not amounting to 1500, gained so complete a victory over 22,000 men in + sight of their _corps de reserve_, consisting of 6000 men and twenty + pieces of cannon. Had the cavalry been more numerous, or the infantry + able to come up, it is probable few of the French would have escaped. + History does not furnish such an example of courage. + + "The whole army lamented the loss of the brave General, who thus + gloriously terminated a long military career, during which he had been + ever honoured, esteemed, and respected by all who knew him. It should + be some consolation to those he has left behind him, that his + reputation was as unsullied as his soul was honest; and that he died as + he lived, an example of true courage, honour, and humility. On the 24th + General Mansel narrowly escaped being surrounded at Villers de Couche + by the enemy, owing to a mistake of General Otto's aide-de-camp, who + was sent to bring up the heavy cavalry: in doing which he mistook the + way, and led them to the front of the enemy's cannon, by which the 3rd + Dragoon Guards suffered considerably."--Extract from the _Evening + Mail_, May 14, 1794. + +From the above extract, compared with the communication of MR. SMITH (Vol. +viii., p. 127.), it appears that the 15th Light Dragoons were engaged in +both actions, that of Villers en Couche on April 24, and that of Troisoille +(or Cateau) on the 26th. In the statement communicated by MR. SIMPSON +(_Ibid._ p. 8.), there appears to be some confusion between the particulars +of the two engagements. + +H. L. MANSEL, B.D. + +St. John's College, Oxford + +As the action at Villers en Couche has lately been brought before your +readers, allow me to direct your correspondent to the _Journals and +Correspondence of Sir Harry Calvert_, edited by Sir Harry Verney, and just +published by Messrs. Hurst and Co.,--a book which contains a good deal of +valuable information respecting a memorable campaign. Sir Harry Calvert, +under the date of the 25th of April, 1794, thus describes the action at +Villers en Couche: + + "Since Tuesday, as I foresaw was likely, we have been a good deal on + the _qui vive_. On Wednesday morning we had information that the enemy + had moved in considerable force from the Camp de Cesar, and early in + the afternoon we learned that they had crossed the Selle at Saultzoir, + and pushed patrols towards Quesnoy and Valenciennes. The Duke [of York] + sent orders to General Otto, who had gone out to Cambray on a + reconnoitring party with light dragoons and hussars, to get into the + rear of the enemy, find out their strength, and endeavour to cut them + off. The enemy retired to Villers en Couche that night, but occupied + Saultzoir and Haussy. Otto, fielding their strength greater than he + expected, about 14,000, early in the evening sent in for a brigade of + heavy cavalry for his support, which marched first to Fontaine + Antarque, and afterwards to St. Hilaire; and in the night he sent for a + farther support of four battalions and some artillery. Unfortunately he + confided this important mission to a hussar, who never delivered it, + probably having lost his way, so that, in the morning, the general + found himself under the necessity of attacking with very inferior + numbers. However, by repeated charges of his light cavalry, he drove + the enemy back into their camp, and took three pieces of cannon. He + had, at one time, taken eight; but the enemy, bringing up repeated + reinforcements of fresh troops, retook five. + + "Our loss I cannot yet ascertain, but I fear the 15th Light Dragoons + have suffered considerably. Two battalions of the enemy are entirely + destroyed." + +The especial bravery of the troops engaged on the 26th, which is another +subject noticed by your correspondent BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. prompted the +following entry on his journal by Sir Harry Calvert: + + "April 26.--The enemy made a general attack on the camp of the allies. + On their approaching the right of the camp, the Duke of York directed a + column of heavy cavalry, consisting of the regiment of Zedwitsch + Cuirassiers, the Blues, Royals, 1st, 3rd, and 5th Dragoon Guards, to + turn the enemy, or endeavour to take them in flank, which service they + performed in a style beyond all praise, charging repeatedly through the + enemy's column, and taking twenty-six pieces of cannon. The light + dragoons and hussars took nine pieces on the left of the Duke's camp." + +Sir Harry Verney has printed in an Appendix his father's well-considered +plans for the defence of the country against the invasion anticipated in +1796. + +J. B. + + * * * * * + +ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250. 296.) + +The misunderstanding which has arisen between PROFESSOR DE MORGAN and +A. E. B. has proceeded, it appears, from the misapplication of the +statement of the latter's authority (Arthur Hopton) to the question at +issue. Where Hopton says that our lawyers count their day from sunrise to +sunset, he, I am of opinion, merely refers to certain instances, such as +distress for rent: + + "A man cannot distrain for rent or rent-charge in the night (which, + according to the author of _The Mirror_, is after sunset and before + sunrising)."--_Impey on Distress and Replevin_, p. 49. + +In common law, the day is now supposed among lawyers to be from six in the +morning to seven at night for service of notices; in Chancery till eight at +night. And a service after such times at night {372} would be counted as +good only for the next day. In the case of Liffin _v._ Pitcher, 1 _Dowl. +N. S._ 767., Justice Coleridge said, "I am in the habit of giving +twenty-four hours to plead when I give one day." Thus it will be perceived +that a lawyer's day is of different lengths. + +With regard to the time at which a person arrives at majority, we have good +authority in support of PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S statement: + + "So that full age in male or female is twenty-one years, which age is + completed on the day preceding the anniversary of a person's birth, who + till that time is an infant, and so styled in law."--Blackstone's + _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 463. + +There is no doubt also that the law rejects fractions of a day where it is +possible: + + "It is clear that the law rejecteth all fractions of days for the + uncertainty, and commonly allows him that hath part of the day in law + to have the whole day, unless where it, by fraction or relation, may be + a prejudice to a third person."--Sir O. Bridgm. l. + +And in respect to the present case it is quite clear. In the case of Reg. +_v._ The Parish of St. Mary, Warwick, reported in the _Jurist_ (vol. xvii. +p. 551.), Lord Campbell said: + + "In some cases the Court does not regard the fraction of a day. Where + the question is on what day a person came of age, the fraction of the + day on which he was born and on which he came of age is not + considered." + +And farther on he says: + + "It is a general maxim that the law does not regard the fraction of a + day." + +RUSSELL GOLE. + +I only treat misquotation as an _offence_ in the old sense of the word; and +courteously, but most positively, I deny the right of any one who quotes to +omit, or to alter emphasis, without stating what he has done. That A. E. B. +did misunderstand me, I was justified in inferring from his implication (p. +198. col. 2) that I made the day begin "a minute after midnight." + +Arthur Hopton, whom A. E. B. quotes against me (but the quotation is from +chapter xiv., not xiii.), is wrong in his law. The lawyers, from Coke down +to our own time, give both days, the natural and artificial, as legal days. +See Coke Littleton (Index, _Day_), the current commentators on Blackstone, +and the usual law dictionaries. + +Nevertheless, this discussion will serve the purpose. No one denies that +the day of majority now begins at midnight: no one pretends to prove, by +evidence of decisions, or opinion of writers on law, that it began +otherwise in 1600. How then did Ben Jonson make it begin, as clearly +A. E. B. shows he does, at six o'clock (meaning probably a certain +sunrise)? Hopton throws out the natural day altogether in a work on +chronology, and lays down the artificial day as the only one known to +lawyers: it is not wonderful that Jonson should have fallen into the same +mistake. + +A. DE MORGAN. + + * * * * * + +SIMILARITY OF IDEA IN ST. LUKE AND JUVENAL. + +(Vol. viii., p. 195.) + +I send, as a pendant to MR. WEIR'S lines from Juvenal, the following +extract from Cicero: + + "Sed in ea es urbe, in qua haec, vel plura, et ornatiora, _parietes ipsi + loqui_ posse videantur."--Cic. _Epist._, 1. vi. 3.: Torquato, Pearce's + 12mo. edition. + +Most, if not all, of the readers of "N. & Q." are I believe, pleased by +having their attention drawn to parallel passages in which a similarity of +idea or thought is found. Let us adopt for conciseness the term "parallel +passages" (frequently used in "N. & Q."), as embracing every kind of +similarity. Contributions of such passages to "N. & Q." would form a very +interesting collection. I should be particularly pleased by a full +collection of parallel passages from the Scriptures and ancient and modern +literature, and especially Shakspeare. (See MR. BUCKTON'S "Shakspearian +Parallels," _ante_, p. 240.) + +To prevent sending passages that have been inserted in "N. & Q.," every +note should refer to the note immediately preceding. I send the following +parallel passages with some hesitation, because I have not my volumes of +"N. & Q." at hand, to ascertain whether they have already appeared, and +because they are probably familiar to your readers. I do not, however, send +them as novelties, but as a contribution to the collection which I wish to +see made: + + "[Greek: Apo de tou me echontos kai ho echei arthesetai ap' + autou.]"--_Matt._ xxv. 29., _Luke_ xix. 26. + + + "Nil habuit Codrus. Quis enim hoc negat? et tamen illud + Perdidit infelix totum nihil."--_Juvenal_, I. iii. 208. + + +The rich man says: + + "[Greek: Psuche, echeis polla agatha keimena eis ete polla; anapauou, + phage, pie, euphrainou]."--_Luke_ xii. 19. + + "Lo, this is the man that took not God for his strength but trusted + unto the multitude of his riches."--_Ps._ lii. 8. + + "For he hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down there + shall no harm happen unto me."--_Ps._ x. 6., &c. (See _Obadiah_ v. 3.: + "Who shall bring me down to the ground?") + +So Niobe boasts: + + "Felix sum, quis enim hoc neget? felixque manebo. + Hoc quoque quis dubitet? tutam me copia fecit. + Major sum quam cui possit Fortuna nocere."--Ovid, _Met._ VI. 194. + +{373} + + "[Greek: Ti de blepeis to karphos to en toi ophthalmoi tou adelphou + sou, ten de en toi soi ophthalmoi dokon ou katanoeis]."--_Matt._ vii. + 3. + + + "Cum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus inunctis, + Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum, + Quam aut aquila, aut serpens Epidaurius?"--Hor. _Serm._ I. iii. 25. + + "[Greek: He nux proekopsen, he de hemera engiken]."--_Rom._ xiii. 12. + + "[Greek: All' iomen; mala gar nux anetai, enguthi d' eos]."--Hom. + _Iliad_, x. 251. + +F. W. J. + +Brighton. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Mr. Sisson's developing Fluid._--Since I sent you the new formula for MR. +SISSON'S positive developer, which you published in Vol. viii., p. 301., +MR. SISSON has written to me to say that if, instead of the acetic acid, +you add two drachms of formic acid, the new agent proposed by MR. LYTE, you +certainly obtain the sweetest-toned positives he has ever seen. The +pictures, he says, come out very quickly with it indeed; and with a small +lens in a sitting-room he can in about ten seconds obtain the most +wonderful detail. Every wrinkle in the face, and ladies' lace ribbons or +cap-strings, he says, come out beautifully. + +The formula then, as improved by MR. SISSON, is-- + + Water 5 oz. + Protosulphate of iron 1-1/2 drs. + Nitrate of lead 1 dr. + Formic acid 2 drs. + +Perhaps you will give your readers the benefit of it in your next Number. +Having tried it myself, I think they will be delighted with the beautiful +white silvery tone, without any metallic reflection, produced in pictures +developed with it. + +J. LEACHMAN. + +20. Compton Terrace, Islington. + +_Dr. Diamond's Process for Albumenized Paper._--Photographers are under +many obligations to DR. DIAMOND, particularly for the valuable information +communicated through "N. & Q.," and his obligingness in answering +inquiries. I make no doubt he will readily reply to the following +questions, suggested by his late letter on the process for printing on +albumenized paper. + +Will the solution of forty grains of common salt and forty grains of mur. +amm., _without the albumen_, be found to answer for ordinary positive paper +(say Canson's, Turner's, or Whatman's)? and, in that case, may it be +applied with a brush? + +Will the forty-grain solution of nit. sil. (without amm.) answer for paper +so prepared? and may this also be applied with a brush? + +Should the positives be printed out very strongly? and how long should they +remain in the _saturated_ bath of hypo.? + +Is not the use of sel d'or subject to the objection that the pictures with +which it is used are liable to fade in time? + +DR. DIAMOND says that pictures produced by the use of amm. nit. of silver +are not to be depended on for permanency. If this be so, it is very +important it should be known, as the use of amm. nit. is at present +generally recommended and adopted. + +C. E. F. + +_Mr. Lyte's New Process._--Although I presume it is none of your affair +what is said or done in "another place," will you kindly ask MR. LYTE for +me, if he will be so good as to explain the discrepancy which appears +between his "new processes," as given in the Journal of the Photographic +Society of Sept. 21, and "N. & Q." of Sept. 10? In the former he says, for +sensitizing, take (amongst other things) iodide of ammonia 60 grains: in +"N. & Q.," on the contrary, what would seem to be the same receipt, or +intended as the same, gives the quantity of this salt one fourth less, 45 +grains--a vast difference. Again, in the developing solution the quantity +of formic acid is _double_ in your paper what it is in the journal. + +I should not have trespassed on your space, but would have written to MR. +LYTE directly, except from the fear that some other unfortunate +practitioner may have stumbled over the same impediment as I have done, and +may not have had courage to make the inquiry. + +S. B. + + [Having forwarded this communication to MR. LYTE, we have received from + that gentleman the following explanations of his process, &c.] + +The process which was published in the _Photographic Journal_ was, I am +sorry to say, not quite correct in its proportions, on account of a mistake +in inclosing the wrong letter to the Editor; but the mistake will, I trust, +be rectified by another communication which I have now sent. + +The whole of the formulae, however, as given in "N. & Q.," are quite +correct. + +Let me now, however, trespass on your pages by a few more answers to +several other Querists, and which at the same time may be acceptable to +some of your readers. + +1. The developing agents which are made with iron are very applicable as +baths to immerse the plate in; and the formic acid, from its powerful +deoxidizing property, renders the iron salt more stable during long use and +exposure to the air. + +2. In coating paper with albumen, if the upper edge of the paper be +sufficiently turned back, and the paper be forced down sufficiently on to +the surface of the albumen, no bubbles will form; and {374} the operator +will not be troubled with the streaks so often complained of. + +3. No time can possibly be fixed for the exposure of the positive to the +action of the hypo.; and to produce the best effects, the positive must be +continually watched, both while printing and while in the hypo. + +4. No hot iron should be applied to the positive after being printed, but +the picture should be allowed to dry spontaneously. + +5. The developing agent with the pyrogallic and formic acids will keep good +a very long time, longer, I think, than that in which acetic acid is used, +but cannot be used as a dipping bath. + +6. I find the formic acid which I obtain from different chemists rather +variable in its strength. What I use is rather below the average strength, +so that in general about six drachms of the commercial acid will suffice +where I use one ounce; but the excess seems to produce no bad result. + +7. A great advantage of the pyrogallic developer which I recommend, is that +of its being able to be diluted to almost any extent, with no other result +than simply making the development slower. Another point is also worthy of +notice, viz. a method by which even a very weak positive on glass may be +converted into a very strong negative. + +I take a saturated solution of bichloride of mercury in hydrochloric acid, +and add of this one to six parts of water. This I pour over the collodion +plate, and watch it till the whitening process is quite complete. Having +well washed the surface with water, I pour over it a solution of iodide of +potassium, very weak, not more than two or three grains to the ounce of +water. The effect of this is to turn the white parts to a brilliant yellow, +quite impervious to actinic rays. This process is only applicable to weak +negative or instantaneous pictures, as, if used on a picture of much +intensity, the opacity produced is too great. By using, however, instead of +the iodide of potassium, a weak solution of ammonia, as recommended by Mr. +Hunt, a less degree of intensity may be produced again a less intensity by +hyposulphate of soda and a less degree again, but still a slight darkening, +by pouring on the bichloride and pouring it off at once before the +whitening commences. I thus can tell the exact degree of negative effect in +any picture of whatever intensity. The terchloride of gold is most +uncertain in its results, at any rate I find it so. + +I must again beg you to excuse the great length of my communication, and +hope it will be of service to my fellow photographers. + +F. MAXWELL LYTE. + +Florian, Torquay. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Derivation of the Word "Island_" (Vol. viii., p. 49.).--I have received +through the kindness of Hensleigh Wedgwood, Esq., a copy of the +_Philological Journal_ for Feb. 21, 1851, in which my late observations on +the etymology of the word _island_ are shown to be almost identical with +his own, published more than two years ago, even the minutest particulars. +His own surprise on seeing my remarks must have been at least as great as +my own, on learning how singularly I had been anticipated; and those of +your readers who will refer to the number of the journal in question, will +be doubtless as much surprised as either of us. + +This coincidence suggests two things: first, the truth of the etymology in +question, secondly, the excellency of that spirit which (as in this +instance) "thinketh no evil;" and, in so close a resemblance of ideas as +that before us, rather than at once start a charge of plagiarism, will +believe that it is possible for two persons, with similar habits of +thought, to arrive at the same end, and that, too, by singularly identical +means, when engaged on one and the same subject. + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +"_Paetus and Arria_" (Vol. viii., p. 219.).--As I have not observed a reply +to the Query respecting the author of _Paetus and Arria_, a tragedy, I beg +to state that the work was not written by a gentleman of the University of +Cambridge, but by Mr. Nicholson, son of Mr. Nicholson, a well-known and +highly respectable bookseller in Cambridge, in the early part of the +present century. The young man, who, besides being unfailing in his +attention to business, had a literary turn, and was attached to the fine +arts, died in the prime of life. After his death, the poor father, with +tears in his eyes, presented me with a copy of the tragedy. I am glad to +record this testimony to the character of persons well known to me during +several years. + +[Greek: Martus Pistos]. + +"_That Swinney_" (Vol. viii, p. 213.).--I am well pleased with the manner +in which T. S. J. has unearthed "that Swinney," if indeed, as is very +probable, Sidney Swinney really was the man who interfered with _the great +unknown_. It may not be impertinent to state that Sidney Swinney, who was +of Clare Hall, Cambridge, became B.A. in 1744, M.A. in 1749, and D.D. (_per +saltum_) in 1763. It may also be worth noting that a George Swinney, of the +same college, became B.A. in 1767, and M.A. in 1770. This _George_ Swinney +_may_ have been _Sidney_ Swinney's son, or his near relation; and _may_ +have been the man who went to Lord G. Sackville in July, 1769; but I think +this not likely. I will only observe farther that, in the "Graduati +Cantabrigienses," {375} the names are spelled _Swiney_; but changes of this +kind, by the parties themselves, are by no means uncommon. + +The question, whether Swinney had ever _before_ spoken to Lord G. +Sackville, remains unanswered, although Junius most probably made a mistake +in that matter. + +VALENTINE WESTON. + +_The Six Gates of Troy_ (Vol. viii., p. 288.).--The passage of Dares +relative to the gates of Troy describes the deeds of Priam on succeeding to +the throne: + + "Priamus ut Ilium venit, minime moram fecit, ampliora moenia exstruxit, + et civitatem munitissimam reddidit.... Regiam quoque aedificavit, et ibi + Jovi Statori aram consecravit. Hectorem in Paeoniam misit, Ilio portas + fecit, quarum haec sunt nomina: Antenorea, Dardania, Ilia, Scaea, + Thymbraea, Trojana. Deinde, postquam Ilium stabilitum vidit, tempus + expectavit."--Chap. 4. + +It will be observed that these six names correspond with the six names in +Shakspeare, except that Shakspeare, following some ignorant transcriber, +substitutes _Chetas_ for _Scaean_. + +The work, consisting of forty-four short chapters, which has come down to +us under the title of _De Excidio Trojae Historia_, by Dares Phrygius, is a +pseudonymous production, which cannot be placed earlier than the fifth or +sixth century. See the preface to the edition of Dederick, Bonnae, 1835; or +the article "Dares," by Dr. Schmitz, in Dr. Smith's _Dictionary of Greek +and Roman Biography_. Other writers spoke of _four_ gates of Troy. (See +Heyne, _Exc._ XIV. _ad AEn._ II.) + +L. + +_Milton's Widow_ (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. +200.).--Having noticed several Queries and Replies in your pages concerning +the family of the poet Milton's third wife, I beg to give the following +extracts from a pamphlet printed by Pullan of Chester so recently as 1851, +entitled _Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_: + + "In that same year (1662), Milton was received at _Stoke Hall as the + husband of Elizabeth Minshull_, _the grand-daughter of Geoffrey + Minshull_."--P. 50. "Not far from the Hall, where Milton was _once a + welcome visitor_, stands the Yew Tree House." + +There can be little doubt the author of the pamphlet referred to derived +the information on which those statements were made from an _authentic +source_; and if so, it seems pretty clear, the _Elizabeth Minshull_ whom +Milton married was _grand-daughter of Geoffrey Minshull of Stoke Hall_. + +T. P. L. + +Manchester. + +_Boom_ (Vol. vii., p. 620.; Vol. viii., p. 183.).--The Bittern is not an +uncommon bird in some parts of Wales, where it is very expressively called +_Aderyn-y-Bwn_ (the Boom-bird), or _Bwmp-y-Gors_ (Boom of the Fen): the _w_ +is pronounced as double _o_. + +W. R. D. S. + +"_Nugget_" _not an American Term_ (Vol. vii. _passim_).--It is a mistake in +our correspondent to suppose that the word "nugget" was used in California +by American "diggers" to denominate a lump of gold. That word was never +heard of in this country until after the discoveries in Australia. It is +not used now in California, "lump" is the proper term; and when a miner +accumulates a quantity, he boasts of his "pile," or rejoices in the +possession of a "pocket full of rocks." + +[Old English W]. + +Philadelphia. + +_Soke Mill_ (Vol. viii., p. 272.).--Suit is not now enforced to the King's +Mills in the manor of Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh, but the lessee of +the manorial rights of the crown receives a payment at the rate of +threepence per bushel for all the malt ground in hand-mills within the +limits of the manor. + +TAFFY. + +_Binometrical Verse_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--This verse appeared in the +_Athenaeum_ (Sept. 2, 1848, No. 1088, p. 883.), given by one correspondent +as having been previously forwarded by another; but it does not appear to +have been previously published. + +M. + +_Watch-paper Inscription_ (Vol. viii., p. 316.).--Twenty-five years ago +this inscription was set to music, and was popular in private circles. The +melody was moderately good, and the "monitory pulse-like beating" of course +was acted, perhaps over-acted, in the accompaniment. I am not sure it was +printed, but the fingers of young ladies produced a great many copies. Your +correspondent's version is quite accurate, and I think he must have heard +it sung, as well as read it. _Segnius irritant_, &c. is not true of what is +read as opposed to what is heard with music. + +M. + +_Dotinchem_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--Dotinchem appears to be the place which +is called _Deutichem_ in the map of the Netherlands and Belgian, published +by the Useful Knowledge Society in 1843, and _Deutekom_ in the map of the +kingdom of the Netherlands, published by the same society in 1830. Moreri +spells the name _Dotechem_, _Dotekom_, and _Dotekum_. It is situated on the +Yssel, south-east of Doesburg. + +B. J. + +_Reversible Names and Words_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--I cannot call to mind +any such _propria mascula_: but I think I can cast a doubt on your +correspondent's crotchet. Surely our _civic_ authorities (not even +excepting the _Mayor_) are veritable males, though sometimes deserving the +_sobriquet_ of "old women." Surveyors, builders, carpenters, {376} and +bricklayers are the only persons who use the _level_. On board ship, it is +the males who professionally attend at the _poop_. Our foreign-looking +friend _rotator_, at once suggestive of certain celebrated personages in +the lower house, is by termination masculine; and such members, in times of +political probation, never fail to show themselves _evitative_ rather than +plucky. + +But some words are reversible in sense as well as in orthography. If a man +_draw_ "on" me, I should be to blame if at least I did not _ward_ "off" the +blow. Whom should we _repel_ sooner than the _leper_? Who will _live_ +hereafter, if he be a doer of _evil_? We should always seek to _deliver_ +him who is being _reviled_. Even Shakspeare was aware of the fact, that it +is a _God_ who breeds magots in a dead _dog_ (vide _Hamlet_). "Cum multis +aliis." The art of composing palindromes is one, at least, as instructive +as, and closely allied to, that of _de_-ciphering. If any one calls the +compositions in question "trash," I cannot better answer than in +palindrome, _Trash? even interpret Nineveh's art!_ for the deciphering of +the cuneiform character is both a respectable and a useful exercise of +ingenuity. The English language, however, is not susceptible of any great +amount of palindromic compositions. The Latin is, of all, the best adapted +for that fancy. I append an inscription for a hospital, which is a +paraphrase of a verse in the Psalms: + + "Acide me malo, sed non desola me, medica." + +I doubt whether such compositions should ever be characterised by the term +_sotadic_. Sotadic verses were, I believe, restricted to indecent +love-songs. + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +_Detached Church Towers_ (Vol. vii. _passim_; Vol. viii., p. 63.).--At +Morpeth, in Northumberland, the old parish church stands on an eminence at +the distance of a mile from the town. In the market-place is a square clock +tower, the bells in which are used for ordinary parochial purposes. + +At Kirkoswald, in Cumberland, where the church stands low, the belfry has +been erected on an adjoining hill. + +E. H. A. + +_Bishop Ferrar_ (Vol. viii., p. 103.).--Bishop Ferrar, martyred in Queen +Mary's reign, was not of the same family with the Ferrers, Earl of Derby +and Nottingham. Was your correspondent led to think so from the fact of the +martyr having been originally a bishop of the Isle of Man? + +A LINEAL DESCENDANT OF THE MARTYR. + +Cambridge. + +"_They shot him by the nine stone rig_" (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--This +fragmentary ballad is to be found in the _Border Minstrelsy_. It was +contributed by R. Surtees of Mainsforth, co. Durham, and described by him +as having been taken down from the recitation of Anne Douglas, an old woman +who weeded in his garden. It is however most likely that it is altogether +factitious, and Mr. Surtees' own production, Anne Douglas being a pure +invention. + +The ballad called "The Fray of Haltwhistle," a portion of which, "How the +Thirlwalls and the Ridleys a'," &c., is interwoven with the text in the +first canto of _Marmion_, is generally understood to have been composed by +Mr. Surtees. He, however, succeeded in palming it upon Scott as a genuine +old ballad; and states that he had it from the recitation of an ancient +dame, mother of one of the miners of Alston Moor. Scott's taste for old +legends and ballads was certainly not too discriminating, or he would never +have swallowed "The Fray of Haltwhistle." Perhaps he suspected its +authenticity, for he says of it: + + "Scantily Lord Marmion's ear could brook + The harper's barbarous lay." + +T. D. RIDLEY. + +_Punning Devices_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--In the 4th volume of Surtees' +_History of Durham_, p. 48., there is an account of the Orchard Chamber in +Sledwish Hall: + + "In the centre is a shield of the arms of Clopton; being two coats + quarterly, a lion rampant and a cross _pattee fitchee_; over all, a + crescent for difference.[1] On two other shields, impressed from one + mould, are the initials E. C., the date 1584, and a _tun_ with a rose + _clapt on_."[2] + +OLD GRUMBLEUM. + +[Footnote 1: This note says the arms are reversed, being impressed from a +mould.] + +[Footnote 2: "The crest of Clopton is a falcon _clapping_ his wings, and +rising from a tun; and I verily believe the rose _clapt on_ to be the +miserable quibble intended."] + +_Ashman's Park_--_Wingfield's Portrait_ (Vol. viii., p. 299.).-Could any +correspondent in Suffolk inform me if Ashman's Park has been sold; and if +the pictures are anywhere to be found, especially that of Sir Anthony +Wingfield? The communication of H. C. K. relative to the above subject is +very interesting. + +Q. + +"_Crowns have their compass_," _&c._ (Vol. iv., p. 428.).--In the +well-known lines attributed to Shakspeare, and quoted in the above volume, +the third stands thus: + + "Of more than earth can earth make none partaker." + +I find that Quarles has borrowed this in his _Emblems_, book i. Emblem vi.: + + "Of more than earth can earth make none possest." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +{377} + +_Ampers_ & (Vol. ii., pp.230. 284.; Vol. viii., pp. 173. 223. 284.).--Allow +me to thank both [Phi]. and MR. HENRY WALTER for their replies to my Query; +but I am unhappily no wiser than MR. LOWER was after [Phi].'s first +response. What on earth "et-per-se" or "and-per-se-and" can mean, I am at a +loss to imagine. Why should _et_ be called "_et_ by itself?" Until this +Query is answered, I am as much in the dark as ever. While I am upon the +matter, I would farther ask this mysterious _Ampers and_, "who gave thee +that name?" May it find a proxy to answer for it! + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + +The origin of this expression is, explained in Vol. ii., p. 318. With +regard to the orthography of the word, it seems to me that, if the etymon +be followed, it ought to be written _and-per-se-and_; if the pronunciation, +_ampussy and_. + +L. + +_Throwing Old Shoes for Luck_ (Vol. vii., p. 411.).--There is an old rhyme +still extant, which gives an early date to this singular custom: + + "When Britons bold, + Wedded of old, + Sandals were backward thrown, + The pair to tell, + That, ill or well + The act was all their own." + +An octogenarian of my acquaintance informs me that he heard himself thus +anathematised when, leaving his native village with his bride, he refused +to comply with the extortionate demands of an Irish beggar: + + "Then it's bad luck goes wid yer, + For my shoe I toss, + An ye niver come back, + 'Twill be no great loss." + +CHARLES REED. + +_Ennui_ (Vol. vii., p. 478.).--It is a curious fact that in _English_, +properly so called, we have no word to express this certainly un-English +sensation, which we are obliged to borrow from our friends across the +channel. _They_ repay themselves with "comfortable," which is quite as +characteristically wanting in their vocabulary: so they lose nothing by the +exchange. Were we disposed to supply the gaps in our language, by using our +own native words (which is much to be desired), we might find a sufficient +(and I believe the only) synonyme in the Bedfordshire folk-word _unked_: at +any rate, it is near enough for us, for we neither require the word nor the +feeling it is meant to designate. + +E. S. TAYLOR. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. Vol. I. + +AUSTIN CHEIRONOMIA. + +REV. E. IRVING'S ORATIONS ON DEATH, JUDGMENT, HEAVEN, AND HELL. + +THOMAS GARDENER'S HISTORY OF DUNWICH. + +MARSH'S HISTORY OF HURSLEY AND BADDESLEY. About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies. + +NICEPHORUS CATENA ON THE PENTATEUCH. + +PROCOPIUS GAZAEUS. + +WATT'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA. Parts V. and VI. + +CARLYLE'S CHARTISM. Crown 8vo. 2nd Edition. + +THE BUILDER, No. 520. + +OSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635. + +GAFFARELL'S UNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES. Translated by Chelmead. London. 12mo. +1650. + +PAMPHLETS. + +JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789. + +REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807. + +ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809. + +THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821. + +THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822. + +WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837. + +SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +POINTER'S BRITANNIA ROMANA. Oxford, 1724. + +POINTER'S ACCOUNT OF A ROMAN PAVEMENT AT STUNSFIELD, OXON. Oxford, 1713. + +ROMAN STATIONS IN BRITAIN. London, 1726. + +A SURVEY OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN SOME MIDLAND COUNTIES. London, 1726. + + Wanted by _Rev. J. W. Hewett_, Bloxham, Banbury. + + * * * * * + +THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726. + +G. MACROPEDII, HECASTUS, FABULA. Antwerp, 1539. 8vo. + +G. MACROPEDII, FABULAE COMICAE. 2 Tom. 8vo. Utrecht, 1552. + + Wanted by _William J. Thoms_, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, + Westminster. + + * * * * * + +INDICATIONS OF SPRING, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., F.R.S. + +THE VILLAGE CURATE, by Hurdis. + +CALENDAR OF FLORA, by Stillingfleete. + + Wanted by _J. B. Whitborne_, 54. Russell Terrace, Leamington. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BOOKS WANTED. _We believe that gentlemen in want of particular books, +either by way of loan or purchase, would find great facilities in obtaining +them if their names and addresses were published, so that parties having +the books might communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on +this belief, we shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law +respecting advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire +to avail themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and +addresses--unless specially requested not to do so._ + +ALL COMMUNICATIONS _should be addressed to the Editor_, _to the care of_ +Mr. Bell, 186. Fleet Street. _They should be_ distinctly _written_; _and +care should be taken that all Quotations are copied with accuracy_: _and in +all cases of References to Books the editions referred to should be +specified_. _Every distinct subject should form a separate communication_; +_all inquiries respecting communications forwarded for insertion should +specify the subjects of such communications_. + +ARTERUS (Dublin) _has not replied to our inquiry as to the book from which +he has transcribed the Latin verses which form the subject of his Query_. + +OUR PROSPECTUS _has been reprinted at the suggestion of several +Correspondents_, _and we shall be happy to forward copies to any friends +who may desire to assist us by circulating them_. + +SEMPER PARATUS. _We cannot afford the information desired. Out +Correspondent would probably be more successful on application to the +editor of the paper referred to._ + +{378} + +J. R. (Bangor), _who inquires respecting_ Vox Populi Vox Dei, _is informed +that the proverb is found in_ William of Malmesbury; _and is referred for +its history to_ "N. & Q." Vol. i., pp. 370. 419. 492.; Vol. iii., pp. 288. +381.; _and M. Cornewall Lewis'_ Essay on the Influence of Authority in +Matters of Opinion, p. 172. + +S. A. S. _is thanked. His hint will not be lost sight of._ + +A. Z. _We have received a_ Pedigree of the Reynolds Family _for this +Correspondent; where shall it be sent_? + +_We are compelled to postpone until next week our_ NOTES ON BOOKS, _and_ +REPLIES _to several other Correspondents_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a +Half_.--_Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY.) + +Of Saturday, October 8, contains Articles on + + Agriculture, Swiss, by Mr. Brown + Agricultural progress + ---- statistics + Aphides, to kill, by Mr. Creed + Asparagus, French + Berberry blight + Birds, instinct of, by the Rev. F. F. Statham + Books noticed + Bouyardias, scarlet + British Association + Calendar, horticultural + ---- agricultural + Camellia culture + Charlock + Corn averages and rents, by Mr. Willich + Cuttings, to strike + Diastema quinquevulnerum + Draining clay + Fibre, woody + Fork, Mr. Mechi's steel + Forking machine + Hedges, ornamental + Hitcham Horticultural Society + Holly tree, by Mr. Brown + Machines, forking + Manure, liquid, and irrigation, by Mr. Mechi + National Floricultural Society + Nectarine, Stanwick, by Mr. Cramb + Nymphaea gigantea, by M. Van Houtte + Peas, late + Pig farming + Plants, woody fibre of + ---- striking bedding + ---- new + Poultry shows + Rents, and corn averages, by Mr. Willich + Rye-grass, Italian + Sinodendron cylindricum (with engraving) + Statistics, agricultural + Steam culture + Village Horticultural Society + Ward's (Mr.) garden + Warrea quadrata + Wheat, seed + ---- sowing + Wheel, when is it a lever + Winter, tokens of + Woody fibre + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--Crystallised Nitrate of Silver, 4s. per oz. in bottle. All +other Photographic Chemicals at greatly reduced prices, and labelled with +Tests. + +Orders addressed prepaid to JOHN THOMAS, 19. Chapel Street, Brixton Road, +Surrey, delivered Free within Ten miles. Not a Shop. List sent on receipt +of Stamp. + + * * * * * + + +CYANOGEN SOAP for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. + +Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable +detergent. The genuine is made only by the inventor, and is secured with a +red label pasted round each pot, bearing this signature and address:-- + +RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, Manufacturer of pure Photographic Chemicals, +10. Pall Mall, and may be procured of all respectable Chemists in pots at +1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's +Churchyard, and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +A Small Quantity of BLACK Prepared Paper, for taking off Monumental +Brasses, is required by a Gentleman. Address, stating Quantity and Price, +to H. D., 39. Esher Street, Kennington Lane. + + * * * * * + + +JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE, + +Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps, + +FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY, + +NO. III. + +Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some of +Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds and +other Relics, Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics +vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious old Song, +by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and Merry Wives +of Windsor; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fair; Dr. William Kenrick's Lectures +on Shakspeare, &c. &c. + +No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, or sent +Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + +No. II. PRICE FOURPENCE, or Six Postage Stamps; or Nos. I. II. and III. +sent Free on receipt of Eighteen Stamps. + +Address, JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening AS LARGE as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Just out, price 2s. + +A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights Powers, and Privileges +of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an Introduction and +Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate of Tor-Mohun. + + "No reader on the subject of Convocation can any longer allow his + library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely + scarce pamphlet."--_Western Courier._ + +Also, price 1s. + +THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND. By +the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L. + + "This pamphlet has met with approval from several quarters; we must + take it then as representing the opinions of a considerable number of + convocation students."--_Synodalia._ + +London: J. MASTERS. + + * * * * * + + +RESTORATION OF THE BEAUCHAMP TOWER. + +To be published by Subscription, with the sanction and under the immediate +patronage of General Viscount Combermere, G.C.B., G.C.H., Constable of the +Tower of London. + +A SERIES OF DRAWINGS, to illustrate the Heraldry, Inscriptions, and Devices +carved on the Walls of the Beauchamp Tower of the Tower of London by +Political and other Prisoners during the eventful time of the 15th and 16th +Centuries, with Descriptive and Historical Letter-press. Price to +Subscribers, 15s. + +Subscribers Names received, up to the 22nd of October, by W. R. DICK, Clerk +of the Works, Tower of London. + +A List of subscribers will be given at the end of the Work. + + * * * * * + + +12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2s. 6d. + +THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a +Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY. + + "As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty + had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his + camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be + deeply interesting."--_Notes and Queries._ + + "It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound + principles, and popular style."--_Churchman's Magazine._ + +GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +BANK OF DEPOSIT. + +7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London. + +PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of +this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with +perfect Security. + +Interest payable in January and July. + + PETER MORRISON, + Managing Director. + +Prospectuses free on application. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages +offered by this Society are Security, Economy, and lower Rates of Premium +than most other Offices. + +No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable. + +Loans granted to Policy-holders. + +For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as +20l., at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies. + +Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to + + HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +{379} + +INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S +HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. + + * * * * * + +THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual +remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves +fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, +liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia +(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, +flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, +rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, +and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, +fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. + +_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_ + + Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES." + + Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, + nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness + at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent + food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." + + Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured + by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, + Tiverton." + + Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with + cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." + +_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ + + "Bonn, July 19. 1852. + + "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, + all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of + body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys + and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp + of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption. + + "DR. RUD WURZER. + "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." + +London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her +Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all +respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably +packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. +6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. +and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry +Co., 77. Regent Street, London. + +IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious +imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and +others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name +BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which +none is genuine_. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + * * * * * + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions. +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and Cheapest. +To be had in great variety at + +McMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street. + +Price List Gratis. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions +(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at +BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of +every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in +all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +*** Catalogues may be had on application. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. + +KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of +the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's +Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and +pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. +Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + +Instructions given in every branch of the Art. + +An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +{380} + +ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS + +BY + +JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, + +FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITARIES OF LONDON. + + * * * * * + +AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic, +Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth, +illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five hundred +objects. + +A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea. + + *** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and + will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of + Greek, Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours' + careful reading Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that + which is already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and + characteristic features of the Coin are dissected and placed by + themselves, so that the eye soon becomes familiar with them. + +A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the Earliest +Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo., +numerous Plates, 30s. + +COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain. 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, with +an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d. + +ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and described, +containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of +several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s. + +NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of +the.--Fine Paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in various +Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. 6d. + +AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. fcp. +8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price 6s. 6d. +cloth. + + CONTENTS:--Section 1. Origin of Coinage--Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek + Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman + Coinage--Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British + Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English + Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. + 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14. + Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern + Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised at Public Sales. + +TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year 1648 +to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of the +British Museum, &c. 15s. + +REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Publishing +in 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured Plates. + +A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s. + +THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is Published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d. each Number. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +PUBLISHED BY GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, London. + +SHORT MEDITATIONS for EVERY DAY in the YEAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR +HOOK, D.D., 4 vols. fcap. 8vo., large type, 14s. cloth; 30s. morocco. + + "Remarkable for the freshness and vigour which are maintained + throughout."--_Christian Remembrancer._ + + "All Church people will hail with heartfelt welcome this beautifully + printed edition of a work, the Christian piety and spiritual powers of + which have been already fully appreciated and deeply felt by thousand + of pious and intelligent readers."--_Church Sunday School Magazine._ + +THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT by the CHURCH'S SERVICES. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR +HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. New Edition, in 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., large type, +fine paper, 10s. calf, old style, 14s. + + "The plan is exceedingly good; the seasons of the Christian year are + admirably marked by suitable contemplations."--_Christian + Remembrancer._ + +HOLY THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS: arranged for Daily Use on Each Day of the Week, +according to the stated Hours of Prayer. New Edition, with Additions, +16mo., cloth, 2s.; calf, gilt edges, 3s. + + "Well arranged ... and from its ecclesiastical and devotional tone, is + a valuable companion, especially for those whose occupation gives them + opportunity for frequent religious exercises."--_Christian + Remembrancer._ + +A COMPANION TO THE ALTAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D. 18mo., +cloth, 2s.; calf, gilt edges, 3s. + + "It has been reprinted for reasons which are well stated by the author + in his original advertisement (1740):--'I have interwoven as many + scriptural phrases as in the course of my reading I could find + applicable to the subject. I have carefully avoided all rapturous + expressions which can only suit a few persons, and have endeavoured to + express myself in such a manner as may suit a young beginner in + religion, as well as a greater proficient.'"--_Extract from Preface._ + +THE CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL HYMN BOOK. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D. +Large paper, cloth, 1s. 6d.; calf, 3s. 6d. + +*** For Cheap Editions of the above Five Books see List of the Devotional +Library. + +VERSES for HOLY SEASONS. By C. F. H., Author of "Moral Songs," "The Baron's +Little Daughter," "The Lord of the Forest and his Vassals," &c. Edited by +WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Third edition, cloth, 3s.; +morocco, 6s. 6d. + + "An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts + at the right season."--_English Journal of Education._ + +SERMONS, SUGGESTED by the MIRACLES of our LORD and SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST. By +WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. cloth. +Vol. II. may be had separately, to complete sets. + +These Sermons, preached every evening during Lent, are published by +request. + +FIVE SERMONS; Preached before the University of Oxford. Third edition, +cloth, 3s. + +A LETTER to his PARISHIONERS on the USE of the ATHANASIAN CREED. By WALTER +FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Sixth Edition, price 6d., or 4s. the +dozen. + +London: GEORGE BELL. + + * * * * * + + +MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS IN ITALY. + +The following are now ready. + +HANDBOOK FOR NORTH ITALY.--Being a Guide to SARDINIA, LOMBARDY, VENICE, +PARMA, PIACENZA, MODENA, LUCCA, FLORENCE, and TUSCANY, as far as the VAL +D'ARNO. With Maps and Plates. Post 8vo. 9s. + +II. + +HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part I.--Being a Guide to SOUTHERN TUSCANY and +the PAPAL STATES. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. 7s. + +III. + +HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY, Part II.--Being a Guide to ROME and its +Environs. With Plan, Post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.) + +IV. + +HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN ITALY.--Being a guide to the CONTINENTAL PORTION of +the TWO SICILIES, including NAPLES, POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, VESUVIUS, BAY OF +NAPLES, &c. With Map and Plans. Post 8vo. 15s. + +V. + +HANDBOOK TO THE ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF PAINTING--From the German of Kugler. +With 100 Illustrations from the Old Masters. Post 8vo. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published on SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15th. + + CONTENTS: + I. THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE. + II. MURDER OF THOMAS A BECKET. + III. THE DAUPHIN IN THE TEMPLE. + IV. THE HOLY PLACES. + V. DIARY OF CASAUBON. + VI. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY AND MESMERISM. + VII. LIFE OF HAYDON. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, + +MURRAY'S MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY BOOK. A New and Cheaper Edition, most +carefully revised and improved. With 100 Woodcuts. Price FIVE SHILLINGS, +strongly bound. + +*** Of this Popular Work more than 210,000 Copies have been sold. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +COMPLETION OF THE WORK. cloth 1s.: by post, 1s. 6d., p. 192.--WELSH +SKETCHES, THIRD (and Last) SERIES. By the Author of "Proposals for +Christian Union."--Contents: 1. Edward the Black Prince. 2. Owen Glendower, +Prince of Wales. 3. Mediaeval Bardism. 4. The Welsh Church. + + "Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the + principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our + island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and + language still linger."--_Notes and Queries._ + +London: JAMES DARLING. 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street. in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid--Saturday, October +15, 1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 359, "take its meaning from lic": 'form lic' in original + +page 360, "a biography of the Hakem": 'Hamsah, the Hakem' in original, +corrected by errata in Issue 208. + +page 364, "dated Renfrew, Feb. 15, 1753": '1653' in original, corrected by +errata in Issue 208. + +page 378, "All other Photographic Chemicals": 'other' repeated in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 207, October +15, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 27006.txt or 27006.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/0/0/27006/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |