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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 207, October 15, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 24, 2008 [EBook #27006] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 357 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page357"></a>{357}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 207.</b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, October 15. 1853.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Midland County Minstrelsy, by C. Clifton Barry</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page357">357</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Comet Superstitions in 1853</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page358">358</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Old English Word "Belike"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page358">358</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Druses, by. T. J. Buckton</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page360">360</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:—Legends of the County + Clare</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page360">360</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by Thomas Keightley, &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page361">361</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Death on the Fingers</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page362">362</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—On a "Custom of + y<sup>e</sup> Englyshe"—Epitaph at Crayford—The Font at + Islip—"As good as a Play"</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page363">363</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lovett of Astwell</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page363">363</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Oaths</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page364">364</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Electric Telegraph</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page364">364</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Queries relating to + the Porter Family—Lord Ball of + Bagshot—Marcarnes—The Claymore—Sir William Chester, + Kt.—Canning on the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and + Great Britain—Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant—Memorial + Lines by Thomas Aquinas—"Johnson's turgid style"—Meaning + of "Lane," &c.—Theobald le Botiller—William, fifth + Lord Harrington—Singular Discovery of a + Cannon-ball—Scottish Castles—Sneezing—Spenser's + "Fairy Queen"—Poema del Cid—The Brazen Head</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page364">364</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—"The + Basilics"—Fire at Houlton—Michaelmas Goose</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page367">367</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Portraits of Hobbes and Letters of Hollar, by S. W. Singer</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page368">368</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Parochial Libraries, by the Rev. Thos. Corser</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page369">369</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Battle of Villers en Couché, by H. L. Mansel, B.D., &c.</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page370">370</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Attainment of Majority, by Russell Gole and Professor De + Morgan</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page371">371</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Similarity of Idea in St. Luke and Juvenal</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page372">372</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Mr. + Sisson's developing Fluid—Dr. Diamond's Process for Albumenized + Paper—Mr. Lyte's New Process</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page373">373</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span>:—Derivation + of the Word "Island"—"Pætus and Arria"—"That + Swinney"—The Six Gates of Troy—Milton's + Widow—Boom—"Nugget" not an American Term—Soke + Mill—Binometrical Verse—Watch-paper + Inscription—Dotinchem—Reversible Names and + Words—Detached Church Towers—Bishop Ferrar—"They + shot him by the nine stone rig"—Punning Devices—Ashman's + Park—"Crowns have their compass," &c.—Ampers + and—Throwing Old Shoes for Luck—Ennui</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page374">374</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page377">377</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page377">377</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page378">378</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>Notes on Midland County Minstrelsy.</h3> + + <p>It has often occurred to me that the old country folk-songs are as + worthy of a niche in your mausoleum as the more prosy lore to which you + allot a separate division. Why does not some one write a Minstrelsy of + the Midland Counties? There is ample material to work upon, and not yet + spoiled by dry-as-dust-ism. It would be vain, perhaps, to emulate the + achievements of the Scottish antiquary; but surely something might be + done better than the county <i>Garlands</i>, which, with a few honorable + exceptions, are sad abortions, mere channels for rhyme-struck editors. + There is one peculiarity of the midland songs and ballads which I do not + remember to have seen noticed, viz. their singular affinity to those of + Scotland, as exhibited in the collections of Scott and Motherwell. I have + repeatedly noticed this, even so far south as Gloucestershire. Of the old + Staffordshire ballad which appeared in your columns some months ago, I + remember to have heard two distinct versions in Warwickshire, all + approaching more or less to the Scottish type:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hame came our gude man at e'en."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Now whence this curious similarity in the vernacular ideology of + districts so remote? Are all the versions from one original, distributed + by the wandering minstrels, and in course of time adapted to new + localities and dialects? and, if so, whence came the original, from + England or Scotland? Here is a nut for <span class="sc">Dr. + Rimbault</span>, or some of your other correspondents learned in popular + poetry. Another instance also occurs to me. Most of your readers are + doubtless familiar with the pretty little ballad of "Lady Anne" in the + <i>Border Minstrelsy</i>, which relates so plaintively the murder of the + two innocent babes, and the ghostly retribution to the guilty mother. + Other versions are given by Kinloch in his <i>Ancient Scottish + Ballads</i>, and by Buchan in the <i>Songs of the North</i>, the former + laying the scene in London:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There lived a ladye in London,</p> + <p class="i1">All alone and alonie,</p> + <p>She's gane wi' bairn to the clerk's son,</p> + <p class="i1">Down by the green-wood side sae bonny."</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 358 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page358"></a>{358}</span></p> + + <p>And the latter across the Atlantic:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The minister's daughter of New York,</p> + <p class="i1">Hey with the rose and the Lindie, O,</p> + <p>Has fa'en in love wi' her father's clerk,</p> + <p class="i1">A' by the green burn sidie, O."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>A Warwickshire version, on the contrary, places the scene on our own + "native leas:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"There was a lady lived on lea,</p> + <p class="i1">All alone, alone O,</p> + <p>Down the greenwood side went she,</p> + <p class="i1">Down the greenwood side, O.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She set her foot all on a thorn<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>,</p> + <p class="i1">Down the greenwood side, O,</p> + <p>There she had two babies born,</p> + <p class="i1">All alone, alone O.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O she had nothing to lap them in,</p> + <p class="i1">All alone, alone O,</p> + <p>But a white appurn and that was thin,</p> + <p class="i1">Down the greenwood side, O," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Here there are no less than four versions of the same ballad, each + differing materially from the other, but all bearing unmistakeable marks + of a common origin. It would be interesting to know the process by which + this was managed.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Clifton Barry.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>In one of the Scottish ballads the same idea is more prettily + expressed "leaned until a brier."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>COMET SUPERSTITIONS IN 1853.</h3> + + <p>From the 19th of August to the present time that brilliant comet, + which was first seen by M. Klinkerfues, at Göttingen, on the 10th of June + last, has been distinctly visible here, and among the ignorant classes + its appearance has caused no little alarm. The reason of this we shall + briefly explain.</p> + + <p>During the past fifty-five years the Maltese have grievously suffered + on three different occasions; firstly, by the revolution of 1798, which + was followed by the plague in 1813; and lastly, by the cholera in 1837. + In these visitations, all of which are in the recollection of the oldest + inhabitants, thirty thousand persons are supposed to have perished.</p> + + <p>Mindful as these aged people are of these sad bereavements, and + declaring as they do that they were all preceded by some "curious signs" + in the heavens which foretold their approach, men's minds have become + excited, and, reason as one may, still the impression now existing that + some fatal harm is shortly to follow will not be removed.</p> + + <p>A few of the inhabitants, more terrified than their neighbours, have + fancied the comet's tail to be a fiery sword, and therefore predict a + general war in Europe, and consequent fall of the Ottoman Empire. But as + this statement is evidently erroneous, we still live in great hopes, + notwithstanding all previous predictions and "curious signs," that the + comet will pass away without bringing in its train any grievous + calamity.</p> + + <p>By the following extracts, taken from some leading journals of the + day, it will be seen that the Maltese are not alone in entertaining a + superstitious dread of a comet's appearance. The Americans, Prussians, + Spaniards, and Turks come in the same list, which perhaps may be + increased by your correspondents:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Madrid journals announce that the appearance of the comet has + excited great alarm in that city, as it is considered a symptom of divine + wrath, and a presage of war, pestilence, and affliction for + humanity."—Vide <i>Galignani's Messenger</i> of August 31, + 1853.</p> + + <p>"The entire appearance (of the comet) is brilliant and dazzling; and + while it engrosses the attention and investigation of the scientific, it + excites the alarm of the superstitious, who, as in ancient times, regard + it as the concomitant of pestilence and the herald of war."—Vide + New York correspondence of <i>The Sun</i>, Aug. 24, 1853.</p> + + <p>"The splendid comet now visible after sun-set on the western horizon, + has attracted the attention of every body here. The public impression is, + that this celestial phenomenon is to be considered as a sign of war; and + their astrologers, to whom appeal is made for an interpretation, make the + most absurd declarations: and I have been laughed at by very intelligent + Turks, when I ventured to persuade them that great Nature's laws do not + care about troubles here below."—Vide Turkish correspondence of + <i>The Herald</i>, Aug. 25, 1853.</p> + + <p>"The comet which has lately been visible has served a priest not far + from Warsaw with materials for a very curious sermon. After having + summoned his congregation together, although it was neither Sunday nor + festival, and shown them the comet, he informed them that this was the + same star that had appeared to the Magi at the birth of our Saviour, and + that it was only visible now in the Russian empire. Its appearance on + this occasion was to intimate to the Russian eagle, that the time was now + come for it to spread out its wings, and embrace all mankind in one + orthodox and sanctifying church. He showed them the star now standing + immediately over Constantinople, and explained that the dull light of the + nucleus indicated its sorrow at the delay of the Russian army in + proceeding to its destination."—Vide Berlin correspondence of + <i>The Times</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE OLD ENGLISH WORD "BELIKE."</h3> + + <p>The word <i>belike</i>, much used by old writers, but now almost + obsolete, even among the poor, seems to have been but very imperfectly + understood—as far as regards its original meaning and derivation. + Most persons understand it to be equivalent, or nearly so, to <i>very + likely</i>, <i>in all likelihood</i>, <i>perhaps</i>, or, ironically, + <i>forsooth</i>; and in that <!-- Page 359 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page359"></a>{359}</span>opinion they are not far wrong. It occurs + in this sense in numerous passages in Shakspeare; for instance:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Some merry mocking lord, <i>belike</i>."—<i>Love's Labour's Lost.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O then, <i>belike</i>, she was old and gentle."—<i>Henry V.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<i>Belike</i>, this show imports the argument."—<i>Hamlet.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Such also was Johnson's opinion of the word, for he represents it to + be "from <i>like</i>, as by <i>likelihood</i>;" and assigns to it the + meanings of "probably, likely, perhaps." However, I venture to say, in + opposition to so great an authority, that there is no immediate connexion + whatever between the words <i>belike</i> and <i>likely</i>, with the + exception of the accidental similarity in the syllable <i>like</i>.</p> + + <p>We find three different meanings attached to the same form <i>like</i> + in English, viz. <i>like</i>, similis; <i>to like</i>, i. e. to be + pleased with; and the present word <i>belike</i>, whose real meaning I + propose to explain.</p> + + <p>The first is from the A.-S. <i>lic</i>, <i>gelic</i>; Low Germ. + <i>lick</i>; Dutch <i>gelyk</i>; Dan. <i>lig</i> (which is said to take + its meaning <span class="correction" title="Original reads `form'." + >from</span> <i>lic</i>, a corpse, <i>i. e.</i> an essence), which word + also forms our English termination -<i>ly</i>, sometimes preserving its + old form <i>like</i>; as <i>manly</i> or <i>manlike</i>, <i>Godly</i> or + <i>Godlike</i>; A.-S. <i>werlic</i>, <i>Godlic</i>; to which the Teut. + adjectival termination <i>lich</i> is analogous.</p> + + <p>The second form, <i>to like</i>, i. e. to be pleased with, is quite + distinct from the former (though it has been thought akin to it on the + ground that <i>simili similis placet</i>); and is derived from the A.-S. + <i>lician</i>, which is from <i>lic</i>, or <i>lac</i>, a gift; Low Germ. + <i>licon</i>; Dutch <i>lyken</i>.</p> + + <p>The third form, the compound term <i>belike</i> (mostly used + adverbially) is from the A.-S. <i>licgan</i>, <i>belicgan</i>, which + means, to lie by, near, or around; to attend, accompany; Low Germ. and + Dutch, <i>liggen</i>; Germ. <i>liegen</i>. In the old German, we have + <i>licken</i>, <i>ligin</i>, <i>liggen</i>—<i>jacere</i>; and + <i>geliggen</i>—<i>se habere</i>; which last seems to be the exact + counterpart of our old English <i>belike</i>; and this it was which first + suggested to me what I conceive to be its true meaning. We find the + simple and compound words in juxtaposition in <i>Otfridi Evang.</i>, lib. + i. cap. 23. 110. in vol. i. p. 221. of Schilter's <i>Thes. Teut.</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thoh er nu biliban si,</p> + <p class="i1">Farames thoh thar er si</p> + <p>Zi thiu'z nu sar giligge,</p> + <p class="i1">Thoh er bigraben ligge."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Etsi vero is (Lazarus) jam mortuus est,</p> + <p class="i1">Eamus tamen ubi is sit,</p> + <p>Quomodo id jam se habeat (quo in statu sint res ejus),</p> + <p class="i1">Etiamsi jam sepultus jaceat."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + </div> + </div> + <p>On which Schilter remarks:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Zi thiu'z nu sar giligge quomodo se res habeat, hodie <i>standi</i> + verbo utimur,—wie es stehe, zustehe."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>We thus see that the radical meaning of the word <i>belike</i> is to + lie or be near, to attend; from which it came to express the <i>simple + condition</i>, or <i>state of a thing</i>: and it is in this latter sense + that the word is used as an adverbial or rather an interjectional + expression, when it may be rendered, <i>it may be so</i>, <i>so it + is</i>, <i>is it so</i>, &c. Sometimes ironically, sometimes + expressing chance, &c.; in the course of time it became superseded by + the more modern term <i>perhaps</i>. Instances of similar elliptical + expressions are common at the present day, and will readily suggest + themselves: the modern <i>please</i>, used for entreaty, is + analogous.</p> + + <p>It is not a little singular that this account of the word + <i>belike</i> enables us to understand a passage in <i>Macbeth</i>, which + has been unintelligible to all the commentators and readers of Shakspeare + down to the present day. I allude to the following, which stands in my + first folio, Act IV. Sc. 3., thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">" . . . . What I am truly</p> + <p>Is thine, and my poor countries, to command:</p> + <p>Whither indeed before they heere approach,</p> + <p>Old Seyward, with ten thousand warlike men,</p> + <p>Already at a point, was setting foorth:</p> + <p>Now we'll together, and the chance of goodnesse</p> + <p>Be like our warranted quarrel."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Now it is not easy to see why Malcolm should wish that "chance" should + "be <i>like</i>," i. e. similar to, their "warranted quarrel;" inasmuch + as that quarrel was most unfortunate and disastrous. Chance is either + fortunate or unfortunate. The epithet <i>just</i>, which might apply to + the quarrel in question, is utterly irreconcilable with <i>chance</i>. + Still this sense has pleased the editors, and they have made "of + goodnesse" a precatory and interjectional expression. Surely it is far + more probable that the poet wrote <i>belike</i> (<i>belicgan</i>, + <i>geliggen</i>) as one word, and that the meaning of the passage is + simply "May good fortune attend our enterprise." <span class="sc">Mr. + Collier's</span> old corrector passes over this difficulty in silence, + doubtless owing to the circumstance that the word was well understood in + his time.</p> + + <p>I have alluded to the word <i>like</i> as expressive in the English + language of three distinct ideas, and in the A.-S. of at least four; is + it not possible that these meanings, which, as we find the words used, + are undoubtedly widely distinct, having travelled to us by separate + channels, may nevertheless have had originally one and the same source? I + should be glad to elicit the opinion of some one of your more learned + correspondents as to whether the unused Hebrew <span lang="he" + class="heb" title="YLN" ><bdo + dir="rtl">ילן</bdo></span> may not be that source.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p>—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 360 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page360"></a>{360}</span></p> + +<h3>DRUSES.</h3> + + <p>Comparing the initiatory undertaking or covenant of the Druses, as + represented by Col. Churchill in his very important disclosures + (<i>Lebanon</i>, ii. 244.), with the original Arabic, and the German + translation of Eichhorn (<i>Repertorium für Bibl. und Morgenland</i>, + lib. xii. 222.), I find that the following additions made by Col. + Churchill (or De Sacy, whom he follows) are not in the Arabic, but appear + to be glosses or amplifications. For example:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I put my trust and confidence in our Lord Hakem, the One, the + Eternal, without attribute and without number."</p> + + <p>"That in serving Him he will serve no other, whether past, present, or + to come."</p> + + <p>"To the observance of which he sacredly binds himself by the present + contract and engagement, should he ever reveal the least portion of it to + others."</p> + + <p>"The most High, King of Kings, [the creator] of the heaven and the + earth."</p> + + <p>"Mighty and irresistible [force]."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Col. Churchill, although furnishing the amplest account which has yet + appeared of the Druse religion, secretly held under the colour of + Mahometanism, has referred very sparingly to the catechisms of this sect, + which, being for the especial instruction of the two degrees of + monotheists, constitute the most authentic source of accurate knowledge + of their faith and practices, and which are to be found in the original + Arabic, with a German translation in Eichhorn's <i>Repertorium</i> (xii. + 155. 202.). In the same work (xiv. 1., xvii. 27.), Bruns (Kennicott's + colleague) has furnished from Abulfaragius a biography of <span + class="correction" title="Original reads `Hamsah, the Hakem', corrected by errata in issue 208." + >the Hakem</span>; and Adler (xv. 265.) has extracted, from various + oriental sources, historical notices of the founder of the Druses.</p> + + <p>The subject is peculiarly interesting at the present juncture, as it + is probable that the Chinese religious movement, partaking of a peculiar + kind of Christianity, may have originated amongst the Druses, who appear + from Col. Churchill to have been in expectation of some such movement in + India or China in connexion with a re-appearance of the Hakem.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>Legends of the County Clare.</i>—<i>How Ussheen</i> + (<i>Ossian</i>) <i>visited the Land of</i> "<i>Thiernah Ogieh</i>" + (<i>the Country of perpetual Youth</i>).—Once upon a time, when + Ussheen was in the full vigour of his youth, it happened that, fatigued + with the chace, and separated from his companions, he stretched himself + under a tree to rest, and soon fell asleep. "Awaking with a start," he + saw a lady, richly clothed and of more than mortal beauty, gazing on him; + nor was it long until she made him understand that a warmer feeling than + mere curiosity had attracted her; nor was Ussheen long in responding to + it. The lady then explained that she was not of mortal birth, and that he + who wooed an immortal bride must be prepared to encounter dangers such as + would appal the ordinary race of men. Ussheen, without hesitation, + declared his readiness to encounter any foe, mortal or immortal, that + might be opposed to him in her service. The lady then declared herself to + be the queen of "Thiernah Ogieh," and invited him to accompany her + thither and share her throne. They then set out on their journey, one in + all respects similar to that undertaken by Thomas the Rhymer and the + queen of Faerie, and having overcome all obstacles, arrived at "the land + of perpetual youth," where all the delights of the terrestrial paradise + were thrown open to Ussheen, to be enjoyed with only one restriction. A + broad flat stone was pointed out to him in one part of the palace garden, + on which he was forbidden to stand, under penalty of the heaviest + misfortune. One day, however, finding himself near the fatal stone, the + temptation to stand on it became irresistible, and he yielded to it, and + immediately found himself in full view of his native land, the existence + of which he had forgotten from the moment he had entered the kingdom of + Thiernah Ogieh. But alas! how was it changed from that country he had + left only a few days since, for "the strong had become weak," and "the + brave become cowards," while oppression and violence held undisputed sway + through land. Overcome with grief, he hastened to the the queen to beg + that he might be restored to his country without delay, that he might + endeavour to apply some remedy to its misfortunes. The queen's prophetic + skill made her aware of Ussheen's transgression of her commands before he + spoke, and she exerted all her persuasive powers to prevail upon him to + give up his desire to return to Erin, but in vain. She then asked him how + long he supposed he had been absent from his native land, and on his + answering "thrice seven days," she amazed him by declaring that three + times thrice seven years had elapsed since his arrival at the kingdom of + Thiernah Ogieh; and though Time had no power to enter that land, it would + immediately assert its dominion over him if he left it. At length she + persuaded him to promise that he would return to his country for only one + day, and then come back to dwell with her for ever; and she gave him a + jet-black horse of surpassing beauty, from whose back she charged him on + no account to alight, or at all events not to allow the bridle to fall + from his hand. She farther endued him with wisdom and knowledge far + surpassing that of men. Having mounted his fairy steed, he soon found + himself approaching his former home; and as he journeyed he met a man + <!-- Page 361 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page361"></a>{361}</span>driving before him a horse, across whose + back was thrown a sack of corn: the sack having fallen a little to one + side, the man asked Ussheen to assist him in balancing it properly; + Ussheen instantly stooped from his horse, and catching the sack in his + right hand, gave it such a heave that it fell over on the other side. + Annoyed at his mistake, he forgot the injunctions of his bride, and + sprung from his horse to lift the sack from the ground, letting the + bridle fall from his hand at the same time: instantly the horse struck + fire from the ground with his hoofs, and uttering a neigh louder than + thunder, vanished; at the same instant his curling locks fell from + Ussheen's head, darkness closed over his beaming eyes, the more than + mortal strength forsook his limbs, and, a feeble helpless old man, he + stretched forth his hands seeking some one to lead him: but the mental + gifts bestowed on him by his immortal bride did not leave him, and, + though unable to serve his countrymen with his sword, he bestowed upon + them the advice and instruction which flowed from wisdom greater than + that of mortals.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis Robert Davies.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>On "Run-awayes" in Romeo and Juliet.</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steedes,</p> + <p>Towards Phœbus' lodging such a wagoner</p> + <p>As Phaeton would whip you to the west,</p> + <p>And bring in cloudie night immediately.</p> + <p>Spred thy close curtaine, Love-performing night,</p> + <p>That run-awayes eyes may wincke, and Romeo</p> + <p>Leape to these armes, vntalkt of and vnseene."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Your readers will no doubt exclaim, is not this question already + settled for ever, if not by <span class="sc">Mr. Singer's</span> + substitution of <i>rumourer's</i>, at least by that of R. H. C., viz. + <i>rude day's</i>? I must confess that I thought the former so good, when + it first appeared in these pages, that nothing more was wanted; yet this + is surpassed by the suggestion of R. H. C. As conjectural emendations, + they may rank with any that Shakspeare's text has been favoured with; in + short, the poet might undoubtedly have written either the one or the + other.</p> + + <p>But this is not the question. The question is, did he write the + passage as it stands in the first folio, which I have copied above? + Subsequent consideration has satisfied me that he did. I find the + following passage in the <i>Merchant of Venice</i>, Act II. Sc. 6.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"—— but come at once,</p> + <p>For the close night doth play the run-away,</p> + <p>And we are staid for at Bassanio's feast."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Is it very difficult to believe that the poet who called the departing + <i>night</i> a <i>run-away</i> would apply the same term to the + <i>day</i> under similar circumstances?</p> + + <p>Surely the first folio is a much more correctly printed book than many + of Shakspeare's editors and critics would have us believe.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p>The Word "<i>clamour" in "The Winter's Tale</i>."—<span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span> complains (Vol viii., p. 241.) that some + observations of mine (p. 169.) on the word <i>clamour</i>, in <i>The + Winter's Tale</i>, are precisely similar to his own in Vol. vii., p. 615. + Had they been so in reality, I presume our Editor would not have inserted + them; but I think they contain something farther, suggesting, as they do, + the A.-S. origin of the word, and going far to prove that our modern + <i>calm</i>, the older <i>clame</i>, the Shakspearian <i>clamour</i>, the + more frequent <i>clem</i>, Chaucer's <i>clum</i>, &c., all of them + spring from the same source, viz. the A.-S. <i>clam</i> or <i>clom</i>, + which means a band, clasp, bandage, chain, prison; from which substantive + comes the verb <i>clæmian</i>, to clam, to stick or glue together, to + bind, to imprison.</p> + + <p>If I passed over in silence those points on which <span class="sc">Mr. + Keightley</span> and myself agreed, I need scarcely assure him that it + was for the sake of brevity, and not from any want of respect to him.</p> + + <p>I may remark, by the way, on a conjecture of <span class="sc">Mr. + Keightley's</span> (Vol. vii., p. 615.), that perhaps, in <i>Macbeth</i>, + Act V. Sc. 5., Shakspeare might have written "till famine <i>clem</i> + thee," and not, as it stands in the first folio, "till famine + <i>cling</i> thee," that he is indeed, as he says, "in the region of + conjecture:" <i>cling</i> is purely A.-S., as he will find in Bosworth, + "<i>Clingan</i>, to wither, pine, to cling or shrink up; marcescere."</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>Three Passages in "Measure for Measure.</i>"—H. C. K. has a + treacherous memory, or rather, what I believe to be the truth, he, like + myself, has not a complete Shakspeare apparatus. <span + class="sc">Collier's</span> first edition surely cannot be in his + library, or he would have known that Warburton, long ago, read + <i>seared</i> for <i>feared</i>, and that the same word appears in Lord + Ellesmere's copy of the first folio, the correction having been made, as + <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> remarks, while the sheet was at + press. I however assure H. C. K. that I regard his correction as + perfectly original. Still I have my doubts if <i>seared</i> be the poet's + word, for I have never met it but in connexion with hot iron; and I + should be inclined to prefer <i>sear</i> or <i>sere</i>; but this again + is always physically <i>dry</i>, and not metaphorically so, and I fear + that the true word is not to be recovered.</p> + + <p>I cannot consent to go back with H. C. K. to the Anglo-Saxon for a + sense of <i>building</i>, which I do not think it ever bore, at least not + in our poet's time. His quotation from the "Jewel House," &c. is not + to the point, for the context shows that "a building word" is a word or + promise that will <!-- Page 362 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page362"></a>{362}</span>set me a-building, <i>i. e.</i> writing. + After all I see no difficulty in "the <i>all-building</i> law;" it means + the law that builds, maintains, and repairs the whole social edifice, and + is well suited to Angelo, whose object was to enhance the favour he + proposed to grant.</p> + + <p>Again, if H. C. K. had looked at <span class="sc">Collier's</span> + edit., he would have seen that in Act I. Sc. 2., <i>princely</i> is the + reading of the second folio, and not a modern conjecture. If he rejects + this authority, he must read a little farther on <i>perjury</i> for + <i>penury</i>. As to the Italian <i>prenze</i>, I cannot receive it. I + very much doubt Shakspeare's knowledge of Italian, and am sure that he + would not, if he understood the word, use it as an adjective. <span + class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> famed corrector reads with Warburton + <i>priestly</i>, and substitutes <i>garb</i> for <i>guards</i>, a change + which convinces me (if proof were wanting) that he was only a guesser + like ourselves, for it is plain, from the previous use of the word + <i>living</i>, that <i>guards</i> is the right word.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p> + + <p><i>Shakspeare's Works with a Digest of all the Readings</i> (Vol. + viii., pp. 74, 170.).—I fully concur with your correspondent's + suggestion, and beg to suggest to <span class="sc">Mr. Halliwell</span> + that his splendid monograph edition would be greatly improved if he would + undertake the task. As his first volume contains but one play + (<i>Tempest</i>), it may not be too late to adopt the suggestion, so that + every variation of the text (in the briefest possible form) might be seen + at a glance.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Este.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>DEATH ON THE FINGERS.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Isaac saith, I am old, and I know not the day of my death + (<i>Gen.</i> xxvii. 2.); no more doth any, though never so young. As soon + (saith the proverb) goes the <i>lamb's</i> skin to the market as that of + the <i>old sheep</i>; and the Hebrew saying is, There be as many + <i>young</i> skulls in Golgotha as <i>old</i>; young men <i>may</i> die + (for none have or can make any agreement with the grave, or any covenant + with death, <i>Isa.</i> xxviii. 15. 18.), but old men <i>must</i> die. + 'Tis the grant statute of heaven (<i>Heb.</i> ix. 27.). <i>Senex quasi + seminex</i>, an old man is half dead; yea, now, at fifty years old, we + are accounted three parts dead; this lesson we may learn from our + fingers' ends, the dimensions whereof demonstrate this to us, beginning + at the end of the little finger, representing our childhood, rising up to + a little higher at the end of the ring-finger, which betokens our youth; + from it to the top of the middle finger, which is the highest point of + our elevated hand, and so most aptly represents our middle age, when we + come to our <span title="akmê" class="grk" + >ακμὴ</span>, or height of stature and strength; + then begins our declining age, from thence to the end of our forefinger + which amounts to a little fall, but from thence to the end of the thumb + there is a great fall, to show, when man goes down (in his old age) he + falls fast and far, and breaks (as we say) with a witness. Now, if our + very fingers' end do read us such a divine lecture of mortality, oh, that + we could take it out, and have it perfect (as we say) on our fingers' + end, &c.</p> + + <p>"To old men death is <i>præ januis</i>, stands before their door, + &c. Old men have (<i>pedem in cymbâ Charonis</i>) one foot in the + grave already; and the Greek word <span title="gêrôn" class="grk" + >γήρων</span> (an old man) is derived from + <span title="para to eis gên oran" class="grk">παρὰ + το εἰς γὴν + ορᾶν</span>, which signifies a looking towards the + ground; decrepit age goes stooping and grovelling, as groaning to the + grave. It doth not only expect death, but oft solicits it."—Christ. + Ness's <i>Compleat History and Mystery of the Old and New Test.</i>, fol. + Lond. 1690, chap. xii. p. 227.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>From <i>The Barren Tree</i>, a sermon on Luke xiii. 7., preached at + Paul's Cross, Oct. 26, 1623, by Thos. Adams:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Our bells ring, our chimneis smoake, our fields rejoice, our children + dance, ourselues sing and play, <i>Jovis omnia plena</i>. But when + righteousnesse hath sowne and comes to reape, here is no haruest; <span + title="ouk euriskô" class="grk">οὐκ + εὐρίσκω</span>, I finde none. + And as there was neuer lesse wisdome in Greece then in time of the Seven + Wise Men, so neuer lesse pietie among vs, then now, when vpon good cause + most is expected. When the sunne is brightest the stars be darkest: so + the cleerer our light, the more gloomy our life with the deeds of + darkness. The Cimerians, that live in a perpetuall mist, though they deny + a sunne, are not condemned of impietie; but Anaxogoras, that saw the + sunne and yet denied it, is not condemned of ignorance, but of impietie. + Former times were like Leah, bleare-eyed, but fruitful; the present, like + Rachel, faire, but barren. We give such acclamation to the Gospell, that + we quite forget to observe the law. As vpon some solenne festivall, the + bells are rung in all steeples, but then the clocks are tyed vp: there is + a great vntun'd confusion and clangor, but no man knowes how the time + passeth. So in this vniuersall allowance of libertie by the Gospell + (which indeed rejoyceth our hearts, had we the grace of sober vsage), the + clocks that tel vs how the time passes, Truth and Conscience, that show + the bounded vse and decent forme of things, are tyed vp, and cannot be + heard. Still <i>Fructum non invenio</i>, I finde no fruits. I am sorry to + passe the fig-tree in this plight: but as I finde it, so I must leave it, + till the Lord mend it."—Pp. 39, 40., 4to. Lond. 1623.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>On a "Custom of y<sup>e</sup> Englyshe.</i>"—When a more than + ordinarily doubtful matter is offered us for credence, we are apt to + inquire of the teller if he "sees any green" in our optics, accompanying + the query by an elevation of the right eyelid with the forefinger. Now, + regarding this merely as a "fast" custom, I marvelled greatly at finding + a similar action noted by worthy Master Blunt, as conveying to his mind + an analogous meaning. I can scarcely credit its antiquity; but what other + meaning can I understand from the episode he <!-- Page 363 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page363"></a>{363}</span>relates? He had been + trying to pass himself off as a native, but—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The third day, in the morning, I, prying up and down alone, met a + Turke, who, in Italian, told me—Ah! are you an Englishman, and with + a <i>kind of malicious posture laying his forefinger under his eye</i>, + methought he had the lookes of a designe."—<i>Voyage in the Levant, + performed by Mr. Henry Blunt</i>, p. 60.: Lond. 1650.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>—a silent, but expressive, "posture," tending to eradicate any + previously formed opinion of the verdantness of Mussulmans!</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p> + + <p><i>Epitaph at Crayford.</i>—I send the following lines, if you + think them worthy an insertion in your Epitaphiana: a friend saw them in + the churchyard of Crayford, Kent.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To the Memory of <span class="sc">Peter Izod</span>, who was + thirty-five years clerk of this parish, and always proved himself a pious + and mirthful man.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The life of this clerk was just three score and ten,</p> + <p>During half of which time he had sung out Amen.</p> + <p>He married when young, like other young men;</p> + <p>His wife died one day, so he chaunted Amen.</p> + <p>A second he took, she departed,—what then?</p> + <p>He married, and buried a third with Amen.</p> + <p>Thus his joys and his sorrows were treble, but then</p> + <p>His voice was deep bass, as he chaunted Amen.</p> + <p>On the horn he could blow as well as most men,</p> + <p>But his horn was exalted in blowing Amen.</p> + <p>He lost all his wind after threescore and ten,</p> + <p>And here with three wives he waits till again</p> + <p>The trumpet shall rouse him to sing out Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>Tradition reports these verses to have been composed by some curate of + the parish.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Quæstor.</span></p> + + <p><i>The Font at Islip.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the garden is placed a relic of some interest—the font in + which it is said King Edward the Confessor was baptised at Islip. The + block of stone in which the basin of immersion is excavated, is unusually + massy. It is of an octangular shape, and the outside is adorned by + tracery work. The interior diameter of the basin is thirty inches, and + the depth twenty. The whole, with the pedestal, which is of a piece with + the rest, is five feet high, and bears the following imperfect + inscription:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'This sacred Font Saint Edward first <i>receavd</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">From Womb to Grace, from Grace to Glory went,</p> + <p>His virtuous life. To this <i>fayre</i> Isle <i>beqveth'd</i>,</p> + <p class="i1"><i>Prase</i> ... and to <i>vs</i> but lent.</p> + <p>Let this remaine, the Trophies of his Fame,</p> + <p>A King baptizd from hence a Saint became.'</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"Then is inscribed:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'This Fonte came from the Kings Chapel<i>l</i> in Islip.'"—Extracted from the <i>Beauties of England and Wales</i>, title "Oxfordshire," p. 454.</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>In the gardens at Kiddington there—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"was an old font wherein it is said Edward the Confessor was baptized, + being brought thither from an old decayed chapel at Islip (the + birth-place of that religious prince), where it had been put up to an + indecent use, as well as the chapel."—Extracted from <i>The English + Baronets, being a Historical and Genealogical Account of their + Families</i>, published 1727.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The Viscounts Montague, and consequently the Brownes of Kiddington, + traced their descent from this king through Joan de Beaufort, daughter of + John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.</p> + + <p class="author">C. B.</p> + + <p>"<i>As good as a Play.</i>"—I note this very ordinary phrase as + having royal origin or, at least, authority. It was a remark of King + Charles II., when he revived a practice of his predecessors, and attended + the sittings of the House of Lords.</p> + + <p>The particular occasion was the debate, then interesting to him, on + Lord Roos' Divorce Bill.</p> + + <p class="author">W. T. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Hong Kong.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>LOVETT OF ASTWELL.</h3> + + <p>It is stated in all the pedigrees of this family which I have seen, + that Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell in Northamptonshire, who died in + 1542, married for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter (Burke calls her + "heir," <i>Extinct Baronetage</i>, p. 110.) of John Boteler, Esq., of + Woodhall Watton, in Hertfordshire. The pedigree of the Botelers in + Clutterbuck's <i>Hertfordshire</i> (vol. ii. p. 476.) does not notice + this marriage, nor is there any distinct allusion to it in the wills of + either family. Thomas Lovett's will, dated 20th November, 1542, and + proved on the following 19th January, does not contain the name of + Boteler. (<i>Testamenta Vetusta</i>, vol. ii. p. 697.) His father Thomas + Lovett, indeed, in his will dated 29th October, 7 Henry VII., and proved + 28th January, 1492 (<i>Test. Vetust.</i>, vol. ii. p. 410.), bequeaths to + Isabel Lovett and Margaret, his daughters, "C<i>l.</i> which John Boteler + oweth me," but he refers to no relationship between the families. Again, + "John Butteler, Esquier," by his will, dated 7th September, 1513, and + proved at Lambeth 11th July, 1515, appoints "his most gracious Maister, + Maister Thomas Louett," to be supervisor of his will, and bequeaths to + him "a Sauterbook as a poore remembraunce;" but he alludes to no + marriage, nor does he mention a daughter Elizabeth. This John Boteler is + said by Clutterbuck to have married three wives: 1. Katherine, daughter + of Thomas Acton; 2. Margaret, daughter of Henry Belknap, who died 18th + August, 1513; 3. Dorothy, daughter of William Tyrrell, Esq., of Gipping + in Suffolk: the last-mentioned was the mother of his heir, Sir Philip + Boteler, Kt.; but I can nowhere find who was the mother of the son + Richard, and the daughters Mary and Joyce mentioned in his will, <!-- + Page 364 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page364"></a>{364}</span>or of + Thomas Lovett's wife. I cannot help fancying that Elizabeth Lovett was + his only child by one of his wives, and was perhaps heir to her mother. + Can one of your contributors bring forward any authority to confirm or + disprove this conjecture? Whilst I am speaking of the Lovett pedigree, I + would also advert to two other contradictions in the popular accounts of + it. That most inaccurate of books, Betham's <i>Baronetage</i>, vol. v. p. + 517., says, Giles Pulton, Esq., of Desborough, married Anne, daughter of + Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell: the same author, vol. i. p. 299., calls + her Catherine; which is correct? Neither Anne nor Catherine is mentioned + in Thomas Lovett the Elder's will (<i>Test. Vetust.</i>, vol. ii. p. + 410). Again, Betham, Burke, and Bridges (<i>History of + Northamptonshire</i>, "Astwell") have rolled out Thomas Lovett into two + persons, and in fact have made him appear the son of his second wife Joan + Billinge, who was not the ancestress of the Lovetts of Astwell at all. + Nor was it possible she could be; for Thomas Lovett, in his will, dated + 1492, speaks of her as "Joan, my wife, late the wife of John Hawys, one + of the Justices of the Common Pleas." Now this John Hawys was living in + 1487, and Lovett's son and heir, Thomas, was seventeen years old in 1492. + The abstract of Lovett's will in the <i>Test. Vetust.</i>, calling Thomas + Lovett the Younger "my son and heir by the said Joan my wife," must + therefore be manifestly incorrect. I will not apologise for the + minuteness of this account, as I believe the correction of detail in + published pedigrees to be one of the most valuable features of "N. & + Q.;" but I am almost ashamed of the length of my communication, which I + hope some of your readers may throw light upon.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>OATHS.</h3> + + <p>The very remarkable distinction between the manner in which English + and Welsh witnesses take the book at the time when they are sworn, has + often struck me. An English witness always takes the book with his + fingers under, and his thumb at the top of the book. A Welsh witness, on + the contrary, takes it with his fingers at the top, and his thumb under + the book. How has this singular difference arisen? I am inclined to + suggest that originally the oath was taken by merely laying the hand on + the top of the book, without kissing it. Lord Coke (3 <i>Inst.</i> 165.) + says, "It is called a corporal oath, because he toucheth with his hand + some part of the Holy Scripture." And Jacob (<i>L. D.</i>, "Oath"), says + it is so called "because the witness, when he swears, <i>lays his right + hand upon</i>, and toucheth the Holy Evangelists." And Lord Hale (2 + <i>H. P. C.</i> 279.) says, "The regular oath, as is allowed by the laws + of England, is 'Tactis sacrosanctis Dei Evangeliis'," and in case of a + Jew, "Tacto libro legis Mosaicæ:" and, if I rightly remember, the oath as + administered in the Latin form at Oxford concludes: "Ita te Deus adjuvet, + tactis sacrosanctis Christi Evangeliis." In none of these instances does + kissing the book appear to be essential. Whereas the present form used in + the Courts is, "So help you God, kiss the book;" but still the witness is + always required to touch the book with his hand, and he is never + permitted to hold the book with his hand in a glove. When then did the + practice of kissing the book originate? And how happens it that the Welsh + and English take the book in the hand in the different manners I have + described?</p> + + <p class="author">C. S. G.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.</h3> + + <p>Powerful as this extraordinary agent has become, and incalculably + useful as its operation is now found to be, it would appear that the + principle of the electric telegraph and its <i>modus operandi</i>, almost + identically as at present, were known and described upwards of a century + ago. On the occasion of a late visit to Robert Baird, Esq., of + Auchmeddan, at his residence, Cadder House, near Glasgow, my attention + was called by that gentleman to a letter initialed C. M., dated Renfrew, + Feb. 15, <span class="correction" title="Original reads `1653', corrected by errata in issue 208." + >1753</span>, and published that year in the <i>Scots Magazine</i>, vol. + xv. p. 73., where the writer not only suggests electricity as a medium + for conveying messages and signals, but details with singular minuteness + the method of opening and maintaining lingual communication between + remote points, a method which, with only few improvements, has now been + so eminently successful. It is usual to attribute this wonderful + discovery to the united labours of Mr. W. F. Cooke and Professor + Wheatstone, but has any one acknowledged the contribution of C. M., and + can any of the learned correspondents of "N. & Q." inform me who he + was?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Inquirendo.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Glasgow.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Queries relating to the Porter Family.</i>—Above the + inscription on the tablet erected by a devoted friend to the memory of + this highly-gifted family in Bristol Cathedral, is a medallion of a + portcullis surrounded by the word <span class="scac">AGINCOURT</span>, + and surmounted by the date 1415.—What connexion is there between + Agincourt<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> and + the Porter family?</p> + +<p><!-- Page 365 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page365"></a>{365}</span></p> + + <p>Did Sir R. K. Porter write on account of Sir John Moore's campaign in + the Peninsula?—What is the title of the book, and where can it be + procured?<a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + + <p>Who was Charles Lempriere Porter (who died Feb. 14, 1831, aged + thirty-one), mentioned on the Porter tombstone in St. Paul's churchyard + at Bristol?—Who was Phœbe, wife of Dr. Porter, who died Feb. + 20, 1845, aged seventy-nine, and whose name also occurs on this + stone?</p> + + <p>Did this family (which is now supposed to be extinct) claim descent + from Endymion Porter, the loyal and devoted adherent of King Charles the + Martyr?</p> + + <p class="author">D. Y. N.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>It refers to Sir Robert Ker Porter's third great battle-piece, <span + class="scac">AGINCOURT</span>: which memorable battle took place October + 25, 1415. Sir Robert presented it to the city of London, and it is still + in the possession of the corporation: it was hung up in the Guildhall a + few years since.</p> + + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>In 1808, Sir R. K. Porter accompanied Sir John Moore's expedition to + the Peninsula, and attended the campaign throughout, up to the closing + catastrophe of the battle of Corunna. On his return to England, he + published anonymously, <i>Letters from Portugal and Spain, written during + the March of the Troops under Sir John Moore</i>, 1809, 8vo.—<span + class="sc">Ed.</span></p> + +</div> + <p><i>Lord Ball of Bagshot.</i>—Coryat, in his <i>Crudities</i>, + vol. ii. p. 471., edit. 1776, tells us that at St. Gewere, near + Ober-Wesel—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There hangeth an yron collar fastened in the wall, with one linke fit + to be put upon a man's neck, without any manner of hurt to the party that + weareth it.</p> + + <p>"This collar doth every stranger and freshman, the first time that he + passeth that way, put upon his neck, which he must weare so long standing + till he hath redeemed himself with a competent measure of wine."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Coryat submitted himself to the collar "for novelty sake," and he + adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This custome doth carry some kinde of affinity with certain sociable + ceremonies that wee have in a place of England, which are performed by + that most reuerend Lord <i>Ball</i> of Bagshot, in Hampshire, who doth + with many, and indeed more solemne, rites inuest his brothers of his + vnhallowed chappell of Basingstone (Basingstoke?) (as all our men of the + westerne parts of England do know by deare experience to the smart of + their purses), to these merry burgomaisters of Saint <i>Gewere</i> vse to + do."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Will any of your readers state whether the custom is remembered in + Hampshire, and afford explanation as to the most Rev. Lord Ball? The + writers that I have referred to are silent, and I do not find mention of + the custom in the pages of Mr. Urban.</p> + + <p class="author">J. H. M.</p> + + <p><i>Marcarnes.</i>—In Guillim's <i>Display of Heraldry</i> (6th + edit., London, 1724), sect. 2. chap. v. p. 32., occurs the following + description of a coat of arms: "<i>Marcarnes</i>, vaire, a pale, + sable."</p> + + <p>There is no reference to a Heralds' Visitation, or to the locality in + which resided the family bearing this name and coat. It is only mentioned + as an instance among many others of the pale in heraldry. I have searched + many heraldic books, as well as copies of Heralds' Visitations, but + cannot find the name elsewhere. Will any herald advise me how to proceed + farther in tracing it?</p> + + <p class="author">G. R. M.</p> + + <p><i>The Claymore.</i>—What is the original weapon to which + belongs the name of claymore (<i>claidh mhor</i>)? Is it the two-handed + sword, or the basket-hilted two-edged sword <i>now</i> bearing the + appellation? Is the latter kind of sword peculiar to Scotland? They are + frequently to be met with in this part of the country. One was found a + few years since plunged up to the hilt in the earth on the Cotswold + Hills. It was somewhat longer than the Highland broadsword, but exactly + similar to a weapon which I have seen, and which belonged to a Lowland + Whig gentleman slain at Bothwell Bridge. If these swords be exclusively + Scottish, may they not be relics of the unhappy defeat at Worcester?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p><i>Sir William Chester, Kt.</i>—It is said of this gentleman in + all the Baronetages, that "he was a great benefactor to the city of + London in the time of Edward VI., and that he became so strictly + religious, that for a considerable time before his death he retired from + all business, entered himself a fellow-commoner at Cambridge, lived there + some years' and was reputed a learned man." Did he take any degree at + Cambridge, and to what college or hall did he belong? Must there not be + some records in the University which will yield this information? I + observe the "Graduati Cantabrigienses" only commence in 1659 in the + printed list; but there must be older lists than this at Cambridge. + Collins mentions that he was so conspicuous in his zeal for the Reformed + religion, that he ran great risk of his life in Queen Mary's reign, and + that one of his servants was burnt in Smithfield. Can any one inform me + of his authority for this statement?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Canning on the Treaty of 1824 between the Netherlands and Great + Britain.</i>—When and under what circumstances did Canning use the + following words?—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The results of this treaty [of 1824 between England and Holland, to + regulate their respective interests in the East Indies] were an admission + of the principles of free trade. A line of demarcation was drawn, + separating our territories from theirs, and ridding them of their + settlements on the Indian continent. All these objects are now attained. + We have obtained Sincapore, we have got a free trade, and in return we + have given up Bencoolen."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Where are these words to be found, and what is the title of the + English paper called by the <!-- Page 366 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page366"></a>{366}</span>French <i>Courier du + Commerce</i>?—From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">L. D. S.</p> + + <p><i>Ireland a bastinadoed Elephant.</i>—"And Ireland, like a + bastinadoed elephant, kneeled to receive her rider." This sentence is + ascribed by Lord Byron to the Irish orator Curran. Diligent search + through his speeches, as published in the United States, has been + unsuccessful in finding it. Can any of your readers "locate it," as we + say in the backwoods of America? A bastinado properly is a punishment + inflicted by beating the soles of the feet: such a flagellation could not + very conveniently be administered to an elephant. The figure, if used by + Curran, has about it the character of an elephantine bull.</p> + + <p class="author"><a href="images/oldew.png"><img src="images/oldew.png" class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="Old English W" /></a></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>Memorial Lines by Thomas Aquinas.</i>—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Thomas Aquinas summed up, in a quaint tetrastic, twelve causes which + might found sentences of nullity, of repudiation, or of the two kinds of + divorce; to which some other, as monkish as himself, added two more + lines, increasing the causes to fourteen, and to these were afterwards + added two more. The former are [here transcribed from] the note:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Error, conditio, votum, cognatio, crimen,</p> + <p>Cultûs disparitas, vis, ordo, ligamen, honestas,</p> + <p>Si sis affinis, si forte cöire nequibis,</p> + <p>Si parochi, et duplicis desit præsentia testis,</p> + <p>Raptave si mulier, parti nec reddita tutæ;</p> + <p>Hæc facienda vetant connubia, facta retractant.'"—From <i>Essay on Scripture Doctrines of Adultery and Divorce</i>, by H. V. Tabbs, 8vo.: Lond. 1822.</p> + </div> + </div> +</blockquote> + + <p>The subject was proposed, and a prize of fifty pounds awarded to this + essay, by the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Diocese + of St. David's in 1821. This appears to me to have been a curious + application of its funds by such a society. Can any of your readers + explain it?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Johnson's turgid style</i>"—"<i>What does not + fade</i>?"—Can any of your readers tell me where to find the + following lines?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I own I like not Johnson's turgid style,</p> + <p>That gives an inch th' importance of a mile,"</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>And</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"What does not fade? The tower which long has stood</p> + <p>The crash of tempests, and the warring winds,</p> + <p>Shook by the sure but slow destroyer, Time,</p> + <p>Now hangs in doubtful ruins o'er its base,"</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author">A. F. B.</p> + + <p><i>Meaning of "Lane," &c.</i>—By what process of development + could the Anglo-Saxon <i>laen</i> (<i>i. e.</i> the English word + <i>lane</i>, and the Scottish <i>loaning</i>) have obtained its present + meaning, which answers to that of the <i>limes</i> of the Roman + <i>agrimensores</i>?</p> + + <p>What is considered to be the English measurement of the Roman + <i>juger</i>, and the authorities for such measurement?</p> + + <p>What is the measurement of the Anglo-Saxon <i>hyde</i>, and the + authorities for such measurement?</p> + + <p class="author">H.</p> + + <p><i>Theobald le Botiller.</i>—What Theobald le Botiller did Rose + de Vernon marry? See Vernon, in Burke's <i>Extinct Peerage</i>; Butler, + in Lynch's <i>Feudal Dignities</i>; and the 2nd Butler (Ormond), in + Lodge's <i>Peerage</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> + + <p><i>William, fifth Lord Harrington.</i>—Did William, fifth Lord + Harrington, marry Margaret Neville (see Burke's <i>Extinct Peerage</i>) + or Lady Catherine Courtenay? The latter is given in Burke's <i>Peerage + and Baronetage</i>, in Sir John Harrington's pedigree.</p> + + <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> + + <p><i>Singular Discovery of a Cannon-ball.</i>—A heavy cannon-shot, + I should presume a thirty-two pound ball, was found embedded in a large + tree, cut down some years since on the estate of J. W. Martin, Esq., at + Showborough, in the parish of Twyning, Gloucestershire. There was never + till quite lately any house of importance on the spot, nor is there any + trace of intrenchments to be discovered. The tree stood at some distance + from the banks of the Avon, and on the other side of that river runs the + road from Tewkesbury through Bredon to Pershore. The ball in question is + marked with the broad arrow. From whence and at what period was the shot + fired?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p><i>Scottish Castles.</i>—It is a popular belief, and quoted + frequently in the <i>Statistical Account of Scotland</i>, and other works + referring to Scottish affairs, that the fortresses of Edinburgh Castle, + Stirling Castle, Dumbarton Castle, Blackness Castle, were appointed by + the Articles of Union between England and Scotland to be kept in repair + and garrisoned. Can any of your readers refer to the foundation for this + statement? for no reference in to be found to the subject in the Articles + of Union.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Scrymzeour.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p> + + <p><i>Sneezing.</i>—Concerning <i>sneezing</i>, it is a curious + circumstance that if any one should sneeze in company in North Germany, + those present will say, "Your good health;" in Vienna, gentlemen in a + <i>café</i> will take off their hats, and say, "God be with you" and in + Ireland Paddy will say, "God bless your honour," or "Long life to your + honour." I understand that in Italy and Spain similar expressions are + used and I think I remember <!-- Page 367 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page367"></a>{367}</span>hearing, that in Bengal the natives make a + "salam" on these occasions.</p> + + <p>There is also, I believe, a popular idea among some of sneezing having + some connexion with Satanic agency; and I lately met with a case where a + peculiar odour was invariably distinguishable by two sisters, on a + certain individual violently sneezing.</p> + + <p>I shall be very much obliged if any of your readers can furnish me + with any facts, theories, or popular ideas upon this subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Medicus.</span></p> + + <p><i>Spenser's "Fairy Queen."</i>—Allow me to employ an interval + of leisure, after a visit to the remains of Kilcolman Castle, in + inquiring whether any of your Irish readers can afford information + respecting the existence of the long missing books of the <i>Fairy + Queen</i>? Mrs. Hall, in her work on Ireland (vol. i. pp. 93, 94.), says + that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"More than mere rumour exists for believing that the lost books have + been preserved, and that the MS. was in the possession of a <i>Captain + Garrett Nagle</i> within the last forty years."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. L. N.</p> + + <p class="address">Buttevant, co. Cork.</p> + + <p><i>Poema del Cid.</i>—Is there any edition of the <i>Poema del + Cid</i> besides the one published by Sanchez (<i>Poesias Castellanas + anteriores al siglo XV.</i>), and reprinted by Ochoa, and appended + likewise to an edition of Ochoa's <i>Tesoro de los Romanceros</i>, + &c., published at Barcelona in 1840? I shall feel obliged by being + referred to an edition in a detached form, with glossary and notes, if + such there be.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. B.</p> + + <p><i>The Brazen Head.</i>—As upon two former occasions, through + the useful and interesting pages of "N. & Q.," have been enabled to + obtain information which I could procure in no other way, I am glad to + have an opportunity of recording the obligations I myself, like many + more, am under to "N. & Q.," and to some of your talented and kindly + correspondents. Being anxious still farther to trespass upon your space, + I take this opportunity of alike thanking you and them.—Could any + reader of "N. & Q." inform me whether more than two numbers of <i>The + Brazen Head</i> were ever published? Through the great courtesy of + talented correspondent of "N. & Q." from Worcester, I have the first + two; but I am anxious, for a literary purpose, to <i>ascertain</i> + whether the publication was continued after.</p> + + <p class="author">A. F. A. W.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p>"<i>The Basilics.</i>"—What is the manuscript called the + "Basilics" in the following passage, which occurs in a cotemporary MS., + "Memoirs of the Life of the Right Hon. John Lord Scudamore, Viscount + Sligo in Ireland," in the library of P. Howard, Esq., at Corby Castle? Is + it known where it is now preserved?</p> + + <p>Have these memoirs been printed? Lord S. was born in 1600, and was + ambassador to France when this circumstance occurred.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There having been intelligence given to his Excellence by that + renowned person, and his then great acquaintance, Mons. Grotius, lieger + in Paris for the crown of Sweden, of a very valuable manuscript of many + volumes, being the body of the civil law in Greek, commonly called the + 'Basilics,' in the hands of the heirs of the famous lawyer lately + deceased, Petrus Faber,—desirous to enrich his country with this + treasure, he transacted and agreed with the possessors for the price of + it, which was no less than 500<i>l.</i> But when it should have been + delivered, and the money was ready to be paid down, Cardinal Richelieu + (the great French minister of state at that time) having notice of the + transaction interposed, and forbad the going on upon the contract, as + thinking it would have been a diminution to their nation to permit such a + prize to come into the hands of strangers, and by their charge and labour + be communicated to the world."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Wallington.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Basilica is a name given to a digest of laws commenced by the Emperor + Basilius in the year 867, and completed by his son Leo the philosopher in + the year 880, the former having carried the work as far as forty books, + and the latter having added twenty more, in which state it was published. + The complete edition of Charles Annibal Fabrot, which appeared at Paris + in 1647, proved of great service to the study of ancient jurisprudence. + It is contained in seven volumes folio, and accompanied with Latin + version of the text, as well as of the Greek scholia subjoined. See a + valuable article on the Greek texts of the Roman law, in the <i>Foreign + Quarterly Review</i>, vol. vii. p. 461.—The MS. "Memoirs of the + Hon. John Lord Scudamore" seem to have been used by Matthew Gibson in his + <i>View of the Ancient and Present State of the Churches of Door, + Horne-Lacy, and Hempsted, with Memoirs of the Scudamore Family</i>, 4to., + 1727, as the substance of the passage quoted by our correspondent is + given at p. 95. of that work.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Fire at Honiton.</i>—I am solicitous to learn the particulars + of a fire which occurred at Honiton, in Devonshire, in the year 1765, + when the chapel and school-house were burned down, and the former + thereupon rebuilt by <i>collections</i> under a <i>brief</i>.</p> + + <p>In a review of Mr. Digby Wyatt's "Industrial Arts of the Nineteenth + Century" (in the <i>Athenæum</i> for June 18th of the current year), + reference is made by Mrs. Treadwin of Exeter to "<i>a book</i> mentioning + two great fires which occurred in 1756 and 1767 in Honiton," but it is + not stated who was the <i>author</i> of that book. <!-- Page 368 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page368"></a>{368}</span></p> + + <p>Can you or any of your readers furnish me with the <i>title</i> of the + book intended, or direct me to any other sources of information on the + subject of the Honiton fires?</p> + + <p class="author">S. T.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Notices of fires at Honiton occur in the following + works:—<i>The Wisdom and Righteousness of Divine Providence.</i> A + sermon preached at Honiton on occasion of a dreadful fire, 21st August, + 1765, which consumed 140 houses, a chapel, and a meeting-house. By R. + Harrison, 4to. 1765.—Shaw, in his <i>Tour to the West of + England</i>, p. 444., mentions a dreadful fire, 19th July, 1747, which + reduced three parts of the town to ashes.—Lysons' + <i>Devonshire</i>, p. 281., states that Honiton has been visited by the + destructive calamity of fire in 1672, 1747, 1754, and 1765. The + last-mentioned happened on the 21st August, and was the most calamitous; + 115 houses were burnt down, and the steeple of Allhallows Chapel, with + the school, were destroyed. The damage was estimated at above + 10,500<i>l.</i>]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Michaelmas Goose.</i>—The following little inconsistency in a + commonly-received tradition has led me, at the request of a large party + of well-read and literary friends, to request your solution of the + difficulty in an early Number of your paper.</p> + + <p>It is currently reported, and nine men in ten will tell you, if you + ask them the reason why goose is always eaten on the 29th Sept., + Michaelmas Day, that Queen Elizabeth was eating goose when the news of + the destruction of the Invincible Armada was brought, and she immediately + put down her knife and fork, and said, "From this day forth let all + British-born subjects eat goose on this day."</p> + + <p>Now in Creasy's <i>Battles</i> it is stated that the Spanish fleet was + destroyed in the month of July. How could it then be the 29th of Sept. + when the news of its defeat reached her majesty? If any of your readers + can solve this seeming improbability be will greatly oblige</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Michaelmas Day.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Although it may be difficult to show how it is that the custom of + eating goose has in this country been transferred to Michaelmas Day, + while on the Continent it is observed at Martinmas, from which practice + the goose is often called <i>St. Martin's bird</i>, it is very easy to + prove that there is no foundation for the tradition referred to by our + correspondent. For the following extract from Stow's <i>Annales</i> (ed. + Howes), p. 749., will show that, so far from the news of the defeat of + the Armada not reaching Elizabeth until the 29th of September, public + thanksgivings for the victory had been offered on the 20th of the + preceding month:</p> + + <p>"On the 20th of August, M. Nowell, Deane of Paules, preached at Paules + Crosse, in presence of the lord Maior and Aldermen, and the companies in + their best liveries, moving them to give laud and praise unto Almightie + God, for the great victorie by him given to our English nation, by the + overthrowe of the Spanish fleete."]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>PORTRAITS OF HOBBES AND LETTERS OF HOLLAR.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 221.)</p> + + <p>Although I cannot answer the question of <span class="sc">Sir Walter + Trevelyan</span>, the following notices respecting the portraits of the + Philosopher of Malmesbury may not be unacceptable to him and to those who + hold this distinguished man's memory in high respect.</p> + + <p>That admirable gossip, John Aubrey, who lived in habits of intimacy + with Hobbes, has left us such a lively picture of the man, his person, + and his manners, as to leave nothing to desire. In reading it we cannot + but regret that Aubrey had not been a cotemporary of our great poet, + about whom he has been only able to furnish us with some hearsay + anecdotes.</p> + + <p>Aubrey tells us that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir Charles Scarborough, M.D., Physician to his Royal Highness the + Duke of York, much loved the conversation of Hobbes, and hath a picture + of him (drawne about 1655), under which is this distich:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Si quæris de me, mores inquire, sed ille</p> + <p class="i1">Qui quærit de me, forsitan alter erit.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"In their meeting (<i>i. e.</i> the Royal Society) at Gresham College + is his picture drawne by the life, 1663, by a good hand, which they much + esteeme, and several copies have been taken of it."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In a note Aubrey says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He did me the honour to sit for his picture to Jo. Baptist Caspars, + an excellent painter, and 'tis a good piece. I presented it to the + Society twelve years since."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In other places he tells us:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Amongst other of his acquaintance I must not forget Mr. Samuel Cowper + (Cooper), the prince of limners of this last age, who drew his picture as + like as art could afford, and one of the best pieces that ever he did + which his Majesty, at his returne, bought of him, and conserves as one of + his greatest rarities in his closet at Whitehall."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In a note he adds:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This picture I intend to be borrowed of his Majesty for Mr. Loggan to + engrave an accurate piece by, which will sell well both at home and + abroad."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Again he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr. S. Cowper (at whose house Hobbes and Sir William Petty often met) + drew his picture twice: the first the King has; the other is yet in the + custody of his (Cooper's) widowe; but he (Cowper) gave it indeed to me + (and I promised I would give it to the archives at Oxon), but I, like a + fool, did not take possession of it, for something of the garment was not + quite finished, and he died, I being then in the country."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p><!-- Page 369 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page369"></a>{369}</span></p> + + <p>This picture is, I believe, now in my possession. It is a small + half-length oil painting, measuring about twelve inches by nine. Hobbes + is represented at an open arch or window, with his book, the Leviathan, + open before him; the dress is, as Aubrey states, unfinished, and beneath + is the remarkable inscription,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"AUT EGO INSANIO SOLUS: AUT EGO SOLUS NON INSANIO."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It represents the philosopher at an advanced age, and is conformable + in every respect to the following description of his person:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In his old age he was very bald, yet within dore he used to study and + sit bareheaded, and said he never tooke cold in his head, but that the + greatest trouble was to keepe off the flies from pitching on the + baldness. His head was of a mallet forme, approved by the physiologers. + His face not very great, ample forehead, yellowish-red whiskers, which + naturally turned up; belowe he was shaved close, except a little tip + under his lip; not but that nature would have afforded him a venerable + beard, but being mostly of a cheerful and pleasant humour, he affected + not at all austerity and gravity, and to look severe. He considered + gravity and heavinesse of countenance not so good marks of assurance of + God's favour, as a cheerful charitable, and upright behaviour, which are + better signes of religions than the zealous maintaining of controverted + doctrines. He had a good eie, and that of a hazel colour, which was full + of life and spirit, even to his last; when he was in discourse, there + shone (as it were) a bright live coale within it. He had two kinds of + looks; when he laught, was witty, and in a merry humour, one could scarce + see his eies; by and by, when he was serious and earnest, he opened his + eies round his eie-lids: he had middling eies, not very big nor very + little. He was six foote high and something better, and went + indifferently erect, or rather, considering his great age, very + erect."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Aubrey was one of the patrons of Hollar, of whom he has also given us + some brief but interesting particulars. The two following letters, which + were transcribed by Malone when he contemplated a publication of the + Aubrey papers, deserve preservation; indeed, one of them relates + immediately to the subject of this notice:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sir,</p> + + <p>"I have now done the picture of Mr. Hobbes, and have showed it to some + of his acquaintance, who say it to be very like; but Stent has deceived + me, and maketh demurr to have it of me; as that at this present my labour + seemeth to be lost, for it lyeth dead by me. However, I returne you many + thankes for lending mee the Principall, and I have halve a dozen copies + for you, and the painting I have delivered to your Messenger who brought + it to mee before.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"Your humble servant,</p> + <p class="i4hg3">"W. HOLLAR.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"The 1st of August, 1661."</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"[For Mr. Aubrey.]</p> + + <p>"Sir,</p> + + <p>"I have beene told this morning that you are in Town, and that you + desire to speak with mee, so I did presently repaire to your Lodging, but + they told mee that you went out at 6 o'clock that morning, and it was + past 7 then. If I could know certaine time when to finde you I would + waite on you. My selve doe lodge without St. Clement's Inne back doore; + as soon as you come up the steps and out of that doore is the first house + and doore on the left hand, two paire of staires into a little passage + right before you; but I am much abroad, and yet enough at home too.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"Your most humble servant,</p> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">W. Hollar.</span></p> + </div> + </div> + <p>"If you had occasion to aske for mee of the people of the house, then + you must say the Frenchman Limmner, for they know not my name perfectly, + for reasons sake, otherwise you may goe up directly."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This minute localising of one of the humble workshops of this + admirable artist may not be unacceptable to <span class="sc">Mr. Peter + Cunningham</span> for some future edition of his very interesting + <i>Handbook of London</i>. It may not be amiss to add that Hollar died on + the 25th of March 1677, in the seventieth year of his age and that he was + buried in St. Margaret's churchyard, Westminster, near the north-west + corner of the tower, but without stone to mark the spot.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Mickleham.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 62.)</p> + + <p>In the vestry of the fine old priory church at Cartmel, in Lancashire, + there is a good library, chiefly of divinity, consisting of about three + hundred volumes, placed in a commodious room, and kept in nice order. + This small but valuable collection was left to the parish by Thomas + Preston, of Holker, Esq.</p> + + <p>There is another in the vestry of the church at Castleton, in + Derbyshire; or rather in a room built expressly to contain then, + adjoining the vestry. They were left to the parish by the Rev. James + Farrer, M.A., who had been vicar of Castleton for about forty-five years, + and consist of about two thousand volumes in good condition, partly + theological and partly miscellaneous, about equally divided, which are + lent to the parishioners at the discretion of the vicar. Mr. Farrer left + behind him a maiden sister, and a brother-in-law Mr. Hamilton, who + resided in Bath; the former of whom erected the room containing the + books, and a vestry at the same time and both considerably augmented the + number of volumes, and made the library what it now is.</p> + + <p>Under the chancel of the spacious and venerable parish church of + Halifax, in Yorkshire, are some large rooms upon a level with the lower + part of the churchyard, in one of which is contained a good library of + books. Robert Clay, D.D., vicar of Halifax, who died April 9, 1628, was + buried in this library, which he is said to have built. <!-- Page 370 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page370"></a>{370}</span></p> + + <p>In the Rectory House at Whitchurch, in Shropshire, built by Richard + Newcome, D.D., rector of that place, and afterwards Bishop of St. Asaph, + there is a valuable library left as an heirloom by the bequest of Jane, + Countess Dowager of Bridgewater; who, in the year 1707, having purchased + from his executors the library of the Reverend Clement Sankey, D.D., + rector of Whitchurch, for 305<i>l.</i>, left it for ever for the use of + the rectors for the time being. The number of the volumes was 2250: + amongst which are a fine copy of Walton's <i>Polyglott Bible</i>, some of + the ancient Fathers, and other valuable theological works. This + collection has been subsequently increased by a bequest from the late + Rev. Francis Henry, Earl of Bridgewater (of eccentric memory), rector of + Whitchurch, who by his will, dated in 1825, gave the whole of his own + books in the Rectory House at Whitchurch, to be added to the others, and + left also the sum of 150<i>l.</i> to the rector to be invested in his + name, and the dividends thereof expended by him, together with the money + arising from the sale of his lordship's wines and liquors in his cellars + at Whitchurch, in the purchase of printed books for the use of the + rectors of that parish for the time being.</p> + + <p>The same noble earl presented to the rector of Middle, in the county + of Salop, a small collection of books towards founding a library there: + and bequeathed by his will the sum of 800<i>l.</i>, to be applied, under + the direction of the rector of Middle for the time being, for augmenting + this library. He also left a farther sum of 150<i>l.</i> to be invested + in the name of the rector; and the dividends thereof expended by him in + the purchase of books for the continual augmentation of the library, in + the same manner as he had done at Whitchurch.</p> + + <p>It is to this Earl of Bridgewater that we are indebted not only for + those valuable works the <i>Bridgewater Treatises</i>, but also for large + bequests of money and landed property to the trustees of the British + Museum, for the purchase of manuscripts, in addition to those from his + own collection, which he had already bequeathed to the same + institution.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Corser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Stand Rectory.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BATTLE OF VILLERS EN COUCHÉ.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 8. 127.)</p> + + <p>I am in a position to furnish a more complete account of this + skirmish, and of the action of April 26, in which my grandfather, General + Mansel, fell, from a copy of the <i>Evening Mail</i> of May 14, 1794, now + in the possession of J. C. Mansel, Esq., of Cosgrove Hall, + Northamptonshire. Your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. T. C. + Smith</span> appears to have been misinformed as to the immediate + suppression of the <i>Poetical Sketches</i> by an officer of the Guards, + as I have seen the <i>third edition</i> of that work, printed in + 1796.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Particulars of the Glorious Victory obtained by the English + Cavalry over the French under the Command of General Chapuis, at + Troisoille, on the 26th of April, 1794.</i></p> + + <p>"On the 25th, according to orders received from the Committee of + Public Safety, and subsequently from General Pichegru, General Chapuis, + who commanded the Camp of Cæsar, marched from thence with his whole + force, consisting of 25,000 infantry, 3000 cavalry, and seventy-five + pieces of cannon. At Cambray he divided them into three columns; the one + marched by Ligny, and attacked the redoubt at Troisoille, which was most + gallantly defended by Col. Congreve against this column of 10,000 men. + The second column was then united, consisting of 12,000 men, which + marched on the high road as far as Beausois, and from that village turned + off to join the first column; and the attack recommenced against Col. + Congreve's redoubt, who kept the whole at bay. The enemy's flank was + supported by the village of Caudry, to defend which they had six pieces + of cannon, 2000 infantry, and 500 cavalry. During this period Gen. Otto + conceived it practicable to fall on their flank with the cavalry; in + consequence of which, Gen. Mansel, with about 1450 men—consisting + of the Blues, 1st and 3rd Dragoon Guards, 5th Dragoon Guards, and 1st + Dragoons, 15th and 16th Dragoons, with Gen. Dundas, and a division of + Austrian cuirassiers, and another of Archduke Ferdinand's hussars under + Prince Swartzenburg—after several manœuvres, came up with the + enemy in the village of Caudry, through which they charged, putting the + cavalry to flight, and putting a number of infantry to the sword, and + taking the cannon. Gen. Chapuis, perceiving the attack on the village of + Caudry, sent down the regiment of carabineers to support those troops; + but the succour came too late, and this regiment was charged by the + English light dragoons and the hussars, and immediately gave way with + some little loss. The charge was then continued against a battery of + eight pieces of cannon behind a small ravine, which was soon carried; + and, with equal rapidity, the heavy cavalry rushed on to attack a battery + of fourteen pieces of cannon, placed on an eminence behind a very steep + ravine, into which many of the front ranks fell; and the cannon, being + loaded with grape, did some execution: however, a considerable body, with + Gen. Mansel at their head, passed the ravine, and charged the cannon with + inconceivable intrepidity, and their efforts were crowned with the utmost + success. This event decided the day, and the remaining time was passed in + cutting down battalions, till every man and horse was obliged to give up + the pursuit from fatigue. It was at the mouth of this battery that the + brave and worthy Gen. Mansel was shot: one grape-shot entering his chin, + fracturing the spine, and coming out between the shoulders; and the other + breaking his arm to splinters; his horse was also killed under him, his + Brigade-Major Payne's horse shot, and his son and aide-de-camp, Capt. + Mansel, wounded and taken prisoner; and it is since known that he was + taken into <!-- Page 371 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page371"></a>{371}</span>Arras. The French lost between 14,000 and + 15,000 men killed; we took 580 prisoners. The loss in tumbrils and + ammunition was immense, and in all fifty pieces of cannon, of which + thirty-five fell to the English; twenty-seven to the heavy, and eight to + the light cavalry. Thus ended a day which will redound with immortal + honour to the bravery of the British cavalry, who, assisted by a small + body of Austrians, the whole not amounting to 1500, gained so complete a + victory over 22,000 men in sight of their <i>corps de reserve</i>, + consisting of 6000 men and twenty pieces of cannon. Had the cavalry been + more numerous, or the infantry able to come up, it is probable few of the + French would have escaped. History does not furnish such an example of + courage.</p> + + <p>"The whole army lamented the loss of the brave General, who thus + gloriously terminated a long military career, during which he had been + ever honoured, esteemed, and respected by all who knew him. It should be + some consolation to those he has left behind him, that his reputation was + as unsullied as his soul was honest; and that he died as he lived, an + example of true courage, honour, and humility. On the 24th General Mansel + narrowly escaped being surrounded at Villers de Couché by the enemy, + owing to a mistake of General Otto's aide-de-camp, who was sent to bring + up the heavy cavalry: in doing which he mistook the way, and led them to + the front of the enemy's cannon, by which the 3rd Dragoon Guards suffered + considerably."—Extract from the <i>Evening Mail</i>, May 14, + 1794.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>From the above extract, compared with the communication of <span + class="sc">Mr. Smith</span> (Vol. viii., p. 127.), it appears that the + 15th Light Dragoons were engaged in both actions, that of Villers en + Couché on April 24, and that of Troisoille (or Cateau) on the 26th. In + the statement communicated by <span class="sc">Mr. Simpson</span> + (<i>Ibid.</i> p. 8.), there appears to be some confusion between the + particulars of the two engagements.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. L. Mansel, B.D.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. John's College, Oxford</p> + + <p>As the action at Villers en Couché has lately been brought before your + readers, allow me to direct your correspondent to the <i>Journals and + Correspondence of Sir Harry Calvert</i>, edited by Sir Harry Verney, and + just published by Messrs. Hurst and Co.,—a book which contains a + good deal of valuable information respecting a memorable campaign. Sir + Harry Calvert, under the date of the 25th of April, 1794, thus describes + the action at Villers en Couché:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Since Tuesday, as I foresaw was likely, we have been a good deal on + the <i>qui vive</i>. On Wednesday morning we had information that the + enemy had moved in considerable force from the Camp de César, and early + in the afternoon we learned that they had crossed the Selle at Saultzoir, + and pushed patrols towards Quesnoy and Valenciennes. The Duke [of York] + sent orders to General Otto, who had gone out to Cambray on a + reconnoitring party with light dragoons and hussars, to get into the rear + of the enemy, find out their strength, and endeavour to cut them off. The + enemy retired to Villers en Couché that night, but occupied Saultzoir and + Haussy. Otto, fielding their strength greater than he expected, about + 14,000, early in the evening sent in for a brigade of heavy cavalry for + his support, which marched first to Fontaine Antarque, and afterwards to + St. Hilaire; and in the night he sent for a farther support of four + battalions and some artillery. Unfortunately he confided this important + mission to a hussar, who never delivered it, probably having lost his + way, so that, in the morning, the general found himself under the + necessity of attacking with very inferior numbers. However, by repeated + charges of his light cavalry, he drove the enemy back into their camp, + and took three pieces of cannon. He had, at one time, taken eight; but + the enemy, bringing up repeated reinforcements of fresh troops, retook + five.</p> + + <p>"Our loss I cannot yet ascertain, but I fear the 15th Light Dragoons + have suffered considerably. Two battalions of the enemy are entirely + destroyed."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The especial bravery of the troops engaged on the 26th, which is + another subject noticed by your correspondent <span + class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham</span>. prompted the following entry on + his journal by Sir Harry Calvert:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"April 26.—The enemy made a general attack on the camp of the + allies. On their approaching the right of the camp, the Duke of York + directed a column of heavy cavalry, consisting of the regiment of + Zedwitsch Cuirassiers, the Blues, Royals, 1st, 3rd, and 5th Dragoon + Guards, to turn the enemy, or endeavour to take them in flank, which + service they performed in a style beyond all praise, charging repeatedly + through the enemy's column, and taking twenty-six pieces of cannon. The + light dragoons and hussars took nine pieces on the left of the Duke's + camp."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Sir Harry Verney has printed in an Appendix his father's + well-considered plans for the defence of the country against the invasion + anticipated in 1796.</p> + + <p class="author">J. B.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 198. 250. 296.)</p> + + <p>The misunderstanding which has arisen between <span + class="sc">Professor De Morgan</span> and A. E. B. has proceeded, it + appears, from the misapplication of the statement of the latter's + authority (Arthur Hopton) to the question at issue. Where Hopton says + that our lawyers count their day from sunrise to sunset, he, I am of + opinion, merely refers to certain instances, such as distress for + rent:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A man cannot distrain for rent or rent-charge in the night (which, + according to the author of <i>The Mirror</i>, is after sunset and before + sunrising)."—<i>Impey on Distress and Replevin</i>, p. 49.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In common law, the day is now supposed among lawyers to be from six in + the morning to seven at night for service of notices; in Chancery till + eight at night. And a service after such times at night <!-- Page 372 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page372"></a>{372}</span>would be + counted as good only for the next day. In the case of Liffin <i>v.</i> + Pitcher, 1 <i>Dowl. N. S.</i> 767., Justice Coleridge said, "I am in the + habit of giving twenty-four hours to plead when I give one day." Thus it + will be perceived that a lawyer's day is of different lengths.</p> + + <p>With regard to the time at which a person arrives at majority, we have + good authority in support of <span class="sc">Professor De + Morgan's</span> statement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"So that full age in male or female is twenty-one years, which age is + completed on the day preceding the anniversary of a person's birth, who + till that time is an infant, and so styled in law."—Blackstone's + <i>Commentaries</i>, vol. i. p. 463.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is no doubt also that the law rejects fractions of a day where + it is possible:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is clear that the law rejecteth all fractions of days for the + uncertainty, and commonly allows him that hath part of the day in law to + have the whole day, unless where it, by fraction or relation, may be a + prejudice to a third person."—Sir O. Bridgm. l.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And in respect to the present case it is quite clear. In the case of + Reg. <i>v.</i> The Parish of St. Mary, Warwick, reported in the + <i>Jurist</i> (vol. xvii. p. 551.), Lord Campbell said:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In some cases the Court does not regard the fraction of a day. Where + the question is on what day a person came of age, the fraction of the day + on which he was born and on which he came of age is not considered."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And farther on he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is a general maxim that the law does not regard the fraction of a + day."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Russell Gole.</span></p> + + <p>I only treat misquotation as an <i>offence</i> in the old sense of the + word; and courteously, but most positively, I deny the right of any one + who quotes to omit, or to alter emphasis, without stating what he has + done. That A. E. B. did misunderstand me, I was justified in inferring + from his implication (p. 198. col. 2) that I made the day begin "a minute + after midnight."</p> + + <p>Arthur Hopton, whom A. E. B. quotes against me (but the quotation is + from chapter xiv., not xiii.), is wrong in his law. The lawyers, from + Coke down to our own time, give both days, the natural and artificial, as + legal days. See Coke Littleton (Index, <i>Day</i>), the current + commentators on Blackstone, and the usual law dictionaries.</p> + + <p>Nevertheless, this discussion will serve the purpose. No one denies + that the day of majority now begins at midnight: no one pretends to + prove, by evidence of decisions, or opinion of writers on law, that it + began otherwise in 1600. How then did Ben Jonson make it begin, as + clearly A. E. B. shows he does, at six o'clock (meaning probably a + certain sunrise)? Hopton throws out the natural day altogether in a work + on chronology, and lays down the artificial day as the only one known to + lawyers: it is not wonderful that Jonson should have fallen into the same + mistake.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. De Morgan.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SIMILARITY OF IDEA IN ST. LUKE AND JUVENAL.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 195.)</p> + + <p>I send, as a pendant to <span class="sc">Mr. Weir's</span> lines from + Juvenal, the following extract from Cicero:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Sed in eâ es urbe, in quâ hæc, vel plura, et ornatiora, <i>parietes + ipsi loqui</i> posse videantur."—Cic. <i>Epist.</i>, 1. vi. 3.: + Torquato, Pearce's 12mo. edition.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Most, if not all, of the readers of "N. & Q." are I believe, + pleased by having their attention drawn to parallel passages in which a + similarity of idea or thought is found. Let us adopt for conciseness the + term "parallel passages" (frequently used in "N. & Q."), as embracing + every kind of similarity. Contributions of such passages to "N. & Q." + would form a very interesting collection. I should be particularly + pleased by a full collection of parallel passages from the Scriptures and + ancient and modern literature, and especially Shakspeare. (See <span + class="sc">Mr. Buckton's</span> "Shakspearian Parallels," <i>antè</i>, p. + 240.)</p> + + <p>To prevent sending passages that have been inserted in "N. & Q.," + every note should refer to the note immediately preceding. I send the + following parallel passages with some hesitation, because I have not my + volumes of "N. & Q." at hand, to ascertain whether they have already + appeared, and because they are probably familiar to your readers. I do + not, however, send them as novelties, but as a contribution to the + collection which I wish to see made:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Apo de tou mê echontos kai ho echei arthêsetai ap' autou." class="grk" + >Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ μὴ + ἔχοντος καὶ + ὃ ἔχει + ἀρθήσεται + ἀπ' + αὐτοῦ.</span>"—<i>Matt.</i> xxv. + 29., <i>Luke</i> xix. 26.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nil habuit Codrus. Quis enim hoc negat? et tamen illud</p> + <p>Perdidit infelix totum nihil."—<i>Juvenal</i>, <span class="scac">I</span>. iii. 208.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + </div> + </div> + <p>The rich man says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Psuchê, echeis polla agatha keimena eis etê polla; anapauou, phage, pie, euphrainou" class="grk" + >Ψυχὴ, ἔχεις + πολλὰ + ἀγαθὰ + κείμενα + εἰς ἔτη + πολλά· + ἀναπαύου, + φάγε, πίε, + εὐφραίνου</span>."—<i>Luke</i> + xii. 19.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Lo, this is the man that took not God for his strength but trusted + unto the multitude of his riches."—<i>Ps.</i> lii. 8.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"For he hath said in his heart, Tush, I shall never be cast down there + shall no harm happen unto me."—<i>Ps.</i> x. 6., &c. (See + <i>Obadiah</i> v. 3.: "Who shall bring me down to the ground?")</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>So Niobe boasts:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Felix sum, quis enim hoc neget? felixque manebo.</p> + <p>Hoc quoque quis dubitet? tutam me copia fecit.</p> + <p>Major sum quam cui possit Fortuna nocere."—Ovid, <i>Met.</i> <span class="scac">VI</span>. 194.</p> + </div> + </div> +<p><!-- Page 373 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page373"></a>{373}</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Ti de blepeis to karphos to en tôi ophthalmôi tou adelphou sou, tên de en tôi sôi ophthalmôi dokon ou katanoeis" class="grk" + >Τί δὲ + βλέπεις τὸ + κάρφος τὸ ἐν + τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ + τοῦ + ἀδελφοῦ + σοῦ, τὴν δὲ ἐν + τῷ σῷ + ὀφθαλμῳ + δοκὸν οὐ + κατανοεῖς</span>."—<i>Matt.</i> + vii. 3.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Cum tua pervideas oculis mala lippus inunctis,</p> + <p>Cur in amicorum vitiis tam cernis acutum,</p> + <p>Quam aut aquila, aut serpens Epidaurius?"—Hor. <i>Serm.</i> <span class="scac">I</span>. iii. 25.</p> + </div> + </div> +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Hê nux proekopsen, hê de hêmera êngiken" class="grk" + >Ἡ νὺξ + προέκοψεν, ἡ + δὲ ἡμέρα + ἤγγικεν</span>."—<i>Rom.</i> + xiii. 12.</p> + + <p>"<span title="All' iomen; mala gar nux anetai, enguthi d' êôs" class="grk" + >Ἀλλ' ἴομεν· + μάλα γὰρ νὺξ + ἄνεται, + ἐγγύθι δ' + ἠώς</span>."—Hom. <i>Iliad</i>, x. 251.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">F. W. J.</p> + + <p class="address">Brighton.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> + + <p><i>Mr. Sisson's developing Fluid.</i>—Since I sent you the new + formula for <span class="sc">Mr. Sisson's</span> positive developer, + which you published in Vol. viii., p. 301., <span class="sc">Mr. + Sisson</span> has written to me to say that if, instead of the acetic + acid, you add two drachms of formic acid, the new agent proposed by <span + class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span>, you certainly obtain the sweetest-toned + positives he has ever seen. The pictures, he says, come out very quickly + with it indeed; and with a small lens in a sitting-room he can in about + ten seconds obtain the most wonderful detail. Every wrinkle in the face, + and ladies' lace ribbons or cap-strings, he says, come out + beautifully.</p> + + <p>The formula then, as improved by <span class="sc">Mr. Sisson</span>, + is—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Water 5 oz.</p> + <p>Protosulphate of iron 1œ drs.</p> + <p>Nitrate of lead 1 dr.</p> + <p>Formic acid 2 drs.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Perhaps you will give your readers the benefit of it in your next + Number. Having tried it myself, I think they will be delighted with the + beautiful white silvery tone, without any metallic reflection, produced + in pictures developed with it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Leachman.</span></p> + + <p class="address">20. Compton Terrace, Islington.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. Diamond's Process for Albumenized + Paper.</i>—Photographers are under many obligations to <span + class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span>, particularly for the valuable information + communicated through "N. & Q.," and his obligingness in answering + inquiries. I make no doubt he will readily reply to the following + questions, suggested by his late letter on the process for printing on + albumenized paper.</p> + + <p>Will the solution of forty grains of common salt and forty grains of + mur. amm., <i>without the albumen</i>, be found to answer for ordinary + positive paper (say Canson's, Turner's, or Whatman's)? and, in that case, + may it be applied with a brush?</p> + + <p>Will the forty-grain solution of nit. sil. (without amm.) answer for + paper so prepared? and may this also be applied with a brush?</p> + + <p>Should the positives be printed out very strongly? and how long should + they remain in the <i>saturated</i> bath of hypo.?</p> + + <p>Is not the use of sel d'or subject to the objection that the pictures + with which it is used are liable to fade in time?</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> says that pictures produced by the + use of amm. nit. of silver are not to be depended on for permanency. If + this be so, it is very important it should be known, as the use of amm. + nit. is at present generally recommended and adopted.</p> + + <p class="author">C. E. F.</p> + + <p><i>Mr. Lyte's New Process.</i>—Although I presume it is none of + your affair what is said or done in "another place," will you kindly ask + <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span> for me, if he will be so good as to + explain the discrepancy which appears between his "new processes," as + given in the Journal of the Photographic Society of Sept. 21, and "N. + & Q." of Sept. 10? In the former he says, for sensitizing, take + (amongst other things) iodide of ammonia 60 grains: in "N. & Q.," on + the contrary, what would seem to be the same receipt, or intended as the + same, gives the quantity of this salt one fourth less, 45 grains—a + vast difference. Again, in the developing solution the quantity of formic + acid is <i>double</i> in your paper what it is in the journal.</p> + + <p>I should not have trespassed on your space, but would have written to + <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span> directly, except from the fear that some + other unfortunate practitioner may have stumbled over the same impediment + as I have done, and may not have had courage to make the inquiry.</p> + + <p class="author">S. B.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Having forwarded this communication to <span class="sc">Mr. + Lyte</span>, we have received from that gentleman the following + explanations of his process, &c.]</p> + +</div> + + <p>The process which was published in the <i>Photographic Journal</i> + was, I am sorry to say, not quite correct in its proportions, on account + of a mistake in inclosing the wrong letter to the Editor; but the mistake + will, I trust, be rectified by another communication which I have now + sent.</p> + + <p>The whole of the formulæ, however, as given in "N. & Q.," are + quite correct.</p> + + <p>Let me now, however, trespass on your pages by a few more answers to + several other Querists, and which at the same time may be acceptable to + some of your readers.</p> + + <p>1. The developing agents which are made with iron are very applicable + as baths to immerse the plate in; and the formic acid, from its powerful + deoxidizing property, renders the iron salt more stable during long use + and exposure to the air.</p> + + <p>2. In coating paper with albumen, if the upper edge of the paper be + sufficiently turned back, and the paper be forced down sufficiently on to + the surface of the albumen, no bubbles will form; and <!-- Page 374 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page374"></a>{374}</span>the operator + will not be troubled with the streaks so often complained of.</p> + + <p>3. No time can possibly be fixed for the exposure of the positive to + the action of the hypo.; and to produce the best effects, the positive + must be continually watched, both while printing and while in the + hypo.</p> + + <p>4. No hot iron should be applied to the positive after being printed, + but the picture should be allowed to dry spontaneously.</p> + + <p>5. The developing agent with the pyrogallic and formic acids will keep + good a very long time, longer, I think, than that in which acetic acid is + used, but cannot be used as a dipping bath.</p> + + <p>6. I find the formic acid which I obtain from different chemists + rather variable in its strength. What I use is rather below the average + strength, so that in general about six drachms of the commercial acid + will suffice where I use one ounce; but the excess seems to produce no + bad result.</p> + + <p>7. A great advantage of the pyrogallic developer which I recommend, is + that of its being able to be diluted to almost any extent, with no other + result than simply making the development slower. Another point is also + worthy of notice, viz. a method by which even a very weak positive on + glass may be converted into a very strong negative.</p> + + <p>I take a saturated solution of bichloride of mercury in hydrochloric + acid, and add of this one to six parts of water. This I pour over the + collodion plate, and watch it till the whitening process is quite + complete. Having well washed the surface with water, I pour over it a + solution of iodide of potassium, very weak, not more than two or three + grains to the ounce of water. The effect of this is to turn the white + parts to a brilliant yellow, quite impervious to actinic rays. This + process is only applicable to weak negative or instantaneous pictures, + as, if used on a picture of much intensity, the opacity produced is too + great. By using, however, instead of the iodide of potassium, a weak + solution of ammonia, as recommended by Mr. Hunt, a less degree of + intensity may be produced again a less intensity by hyposulphate of soda + and a less degree again, but still a slight darkening, by pouring on the + bichloride and pouring it off at once before the whitening commences. I + thus can tell the exact degree of negative effect in any picture of + whatever intensity. The terchloride of gold is most uncertain in its + results, at any rate I find it so.</p> + + <p>I must again beg you to excuse the great length of my communication, + and hope it will be of service to my fellow photographers.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Maxwell Lyte.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Florian, Torquay.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Derivation of the Word "Island</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 49.).—I + have received through the kindness of Hensleigh Wedgwood, Esq., a copy of + the <i>Philological Journal</i> for Feb. 21, 1851, in which my late + observations on the etymology of the word <i>island</i> are shown to be + almost identical with his own, published more than two years ago, even + the minutest particulars. His own surprise on seeing my remarks must have + been at least as great as my own, on learning how singularly I had been + anticipated; and those of your readers who will refer to the number of + the journal in question, will be doubtless as much surprised as either of + us.</p> + + <p>This coincidence suggests two things: first, the truth of the + etymology in question, secondly, the excellency of that spirit which (as + in this instance) "thinketh no evil;" and, in so close a resemblance of + ideas as that before us, rather than at once start a charge of + plagiarism, will believe that it is possible for two persons, with + similar habits of thought, to arrive at the same end, and that, too, by + singularly identical means, when engaged on one and the same subject.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">—— Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p>"<i>Pætus and Arria</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 219.).—As I have not + observed a reply to the Query respecting the author of <i>Pætus and + Arria</i>, a tragedy, I beg to state that the work was not written by a + gentleman of the University of Cambridge, but by Mr. Nicholson, son of + Mr. Nicholson, a well-known and highly respectable bookseller in + Cambridge, in the early part of the present century. The young man, who, + besides being unfailing in his attention to business, had a literary + turn, and was attached to the fine arts, died in the prime of life. After + his death, the poor father, with tears in his eyes, presented me with a + copy of the tragedy. I am glad to record this testimony to the character + of persons well known to me during several years.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Martus Pistos" class="grk">Μάρτυς Πιστός</span>.</p> + + <p>"<i>That Swinney</i>" (Vol. viii, p. 213.).—I am well pleased + with the manner in which T. S. J. has unearthed "that Swinney," if + indeed, as is very probable, Sidney Swinney really was the man who + interfered with <i>the great unknown</i>. It may not be impertinent to + state that Sidney Swinney, who was of Clare Hall, Cambridge, became B.A. + in 1744, M.A. in 1749, and D.D. (<i>per saltum</i>) in 1763. It may also + be worth noting that a George Swinney, of the same college, became B.A. + in 1767, and M.A. in 1770. This <i>George</i> Swinney <i>may</i> have + been <i>Sidney</i> Swinney's son, or his near relation; and <i>may</i> + have been the man who went to Lord G. Sackville in July, 1769; but I + think this not likely. I will only observe farther that, in the "Graduati + Cantabrigienses," <!-- Page 375 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page375"></a>{375}</span>the names are spelled <i>Swiney</i>; but + changes of this kind, by the parties themselves, are by no means + uncommon.</p> + + <p>The question, whether Swinney had ever <i>before</i> spoken to Lord G. + Sackville, remains unanswered, although Junius most probably made a + mistake in that matter.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Valentine Weston.</span></p> + + <p><i>The Six Gates of Troy</i> (Vol. viii., p. 288.).—The passage + of Dares relative to the gates of Troy describes the deeds of Priam on + succeeding to the throne:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Priamus ut Ilium venit, minime moram fecit, ampliora mœnia + exstruxit, et civitatem munitissimam reddidit.... Regiam quoque + ædificavit, et ibi Jovi Statori aram consecravit. Hectorem in Pæoniam + misit, Ilio portas fecit, quarum hæc sunt nomina: Antenorea, Dardania, + Ilia, Scæa, Thymbræa, Trojana. Deinde, postquam Ilium stabilitum vidit, + tempus expectavit."—Chap. 4.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It will be observed that these six names correspond with the six names + in Shakspeare, except that Shakspeare, following some ignorant + transcriber, substitutes <i>Chetas</i> for <i>Scæan</i>.</p> + + <p>The work, consisting of forty-four short chapters, which has come down + to us under the title of <i>De Excidio Trojæ Historia</i>, by Dares + Phrygius, is a pseudonymous production, which cannot be placed earlier + than the fifth or sixth century. See the preface to the edition of + Dederick, Bonnæ, 1835; or the article "Dares," by Dr. Schmitz, in Dr. + Smith's <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography</i>. Other writers + spoke of <i>four</i> gates of Troy. (See Heyne, <i>Exc.</i> <span + class="scac">XIV</span>. <i>ad Æn.</i> <span class="scac">II</span>.)</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Milton's Widow</i> (Vol. vii., p. 596.; Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. + 200.).—Having noticed several Queries and Replies in your pages + concerning the family of the poet Milton's third wife, I beg to give the + following extracts from a pamphlet printed by Pullan of Chester so + recently as 1851, entitled <i>Historical Facts connected with Nantwich + and its Neighbourhood</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In that same year (1662), Milton was received at <i>Stoke Hall as the + husband of Elizabeth Minshull</i>, <i>the grand-daughter of Geoffrey + Minshull</i>."—P. 50. "Not far from the Hall, where Milton was + <i>once a welcome visitor</i>, stands the Yew Tree House."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There can be little doubt the author of the pamphlet referred to + derived the information on which those statements were made from an + <i>authentic source</i>; and if so, it seems pretty clear, the + <i>Elizabeth Minshull</i> whom Milton married was <i>grand-daughter of + Geoffrey Minshull of Stoke Hall</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">T. P. L.</p> + + <p class="address">Manchester.</p> + + <p><i>Boom</i> (Vol. vii., p. 620.; Vol. viii., p. 183.).—The + Bittern is not an uncommon bird in some parts of Wales, where it is very + expressively called <i>Aderyn-y-Bwn</i> (the Boom-bird), or + <i>Bwmp-y-Gors</i> (Boom of the Fen): the <i>w</i> is pronounced as + double <i>o</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">W. R. D. S.</p> + + <p>"<i>Nugget</i>" <i>not an American Term</i> (Vol. vii. + <i>passim</i>).—It is a mistake in our correspondent to suppose + that the word "nugget" was used in California by American "diggers" to + denominate a lump of gold. That word was never heard of in this country + until after the discoveries in Australia. It is not used now in + California, "lump" is the proper term; and when a miner accumulates a + quantity, he boasts of his "pile," or rejoices in the possession of a + "pocket full of rocks."</p> + + <p class="author"><a href="images/oldew.png"><img src="images/oldew.png" class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="Old English W" /></a>.</p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>Soke Mill</i> (Vol. viii., p. 272.).—Suit is not now enforced + to the King's Mills in the manor of Wrexham, in the county of Denbigh, + but the lessee of the manorial rights of the crown receives a payment at + the rate of threepence per bushel for all the malt ground in hand-mills + within the limits of the manor.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Taffy.</span></p> + + <p><i>Binometrical Verse</i> (Vol. viii., p. 292.).—This verse + appeared in the <i>Athenæum</i> (Sept. 2, 1848, No. 1088, p. 883.), given + by one correspondent as having been previously forwarded by another; but + it does not appear to have been previously published.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p><i>Watch-paper Inscription</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 316.).—Twenty-five years ago this inscription was set to music, and + was popular in private circles. The melody was moderately good, and the + "monitory pulse-like beating" of course was acted, perhaps over-acted, in + the accompaniment. I am not sure it was printed, but the fingers of young + ladies produced a great many copies. Your correspondent's version is + quite accurate, and I think he must have heard it sung, as well as read + it. <i>Segnius irritant</i>, &c. is not true of what is read as + opposed to what is heard with music.</p> + + <p class="author">M.</p> + + <p><i>Dotinchem</i> (Vol. viii., p. 151.).—Dotinchem appears to be + the place which is called <i>Deutichem</i> in the map of the Netherlands + and Belgian, published by the Useful Knowledge Society in 1843, and + <i>Deutekom</i> in the map of the kingdom of the Netherlands, published + by the same society in 1830. Moreri spells the name <i>Dotechem</i>, + <i>Dotekom</i>, and <i>Dotekum</i>. It is situated on the Yssel, + south-east of Doesburg.</p> + + <p class="author">B. J.</p> + + <p><i>Reversible Names and Words</i> (Vol. viii., p. 244.).—I + cannot call to mind any such <i>propria mascula</i>: but I think I can + cast a doubt on your correspondent's crotchet. Surely our <i>civic</i> + authorities (not even excepting the <i>Mayor</i>) are veritable males, + though sometimes deserving the <i>sobriquet</i> of "old women." + Surveyors, builders, carpenters, <!-- Page 376 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page376"></a>{376}</span>and bricklayers are the + only persons who use the <i>level</i>. On board ship, it is the males who + professionally attend at the <i>poop</i>. Our foreign-looking friend + <i>rotator</i>, at once suggestive of certain celebrated personages in + the lower house, is by termination masculine; and such members, in times + of political probation, never fail to show themselves <i>evitative</i> + rather than plucky.</p> + + <p>But some words are reversible in sense as well as in orthography. If a + man <i>draw</i> "on" me, I should be to blame if at least I did not + <i>ward</i> "off" the blow. Whom should we <i>repel</i> sooner than the + <i>leper</i>? Who will <i>live</i> hereafter, if he be a doer of + <i>evil</i>? We should always seek to <i>deliver</i> him who is being + <i>reviled</i>. Even Shakspeare was aware of the fact, that it is a + <i>God</i> who breeds magots in a dead <i>dog</i> (vide <i>Hamlet</i>). + "Cum multis aliis." The art of composing palindromes is one, at least, as + instructive as, and closely allied to, that of <i>de</i>-ciphering. If + any one calls the compositions in question "trash," I cannot better + answer than in palindrome, <i>Trash? even interpret Nineveh's art!</i> + for the deciphering of the cuneiform character is both a respectable and + a useful exercise of ingenuity. The English language, however, is not + susceptible of any great amount of palindromic compositions. The Latin + is, of all, the best adapted for that fancy. I append an inscription for + a hospital, which is a paraphrase of a verse in the Psalms:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Acide me malo, sed non desola me, medica."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I doubt whether such compositions should ever be characterised by the + term <i>sotadic</i>. Sotadic verses were, I believe, restricted to + indecent love-songs.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + + <p><i>Detached Church Towers</i> (Vol. vii. <i>passim</i>; Vol. viii., p. + 63.).—At Morpeth, in Northumberland, the old parish church stands + on an eminence at the distance of a mile from the town. In the + market-place is a square clock tower, the bells in which are used for + ordinary parochial purposes.</p> + + <p>At Kirkoswald, in Cumberland, where the church stands low, the belfry + has been erected on an adjoining hill.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H. A.</p> + + <p><i>Bishop Ferrar</i> (Vol. viii., p. 103.).—Bishop Ferrar, + martyred in Queen Mary's reign, was not of the same family with the + Ferrers, Earl of Derby and Nottingham. Was your correspondent led to + think so from the fact of the martyr having been originally a bishop of + the Isle of Man?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Lineal Descendant of the Martyr.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge.</p> + + <p>"<i>They shot him by the nine stone rig</i>" (Vol. viii., p. + 78.).—This fragmentary ballad is to be found in the <i>Border + Minstrelsy</i>. It was contributed by R. Surtees of Mainsforth, co. + Durham, and described by him as having been taken down from the + recitation of Anne Douglas, an old woman who weeded in his garden. It is + however most likely that it is altogether factitious, and Mr. Surtees' + own production, Anne Douglas being a pure invention.</p> + + <p>The ballad called "The Fray of Haltwhistle," a portion of which, "How + the Thirlwalls and the Ridleys a'," &c., is interwoven with the text + in the first canto of <i>Marmion</i>, is generally understood to have + been composed by Mr. Surtees. He, however, succeeded in palming it upon + Scott as a genuine old ballad; and states that he had it from the + recitation of an ancient dame, mother of one of the miners of Alston + Moor. Scott's taste for old legends and ballads was certainly not too + discriminating, or he would never have swallowed "The Fray of + Haltwhistle." Perhaps he suspected its authenticity, for he says of + it:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Scantily Lord Marmion's ear could brook</p> + <p class="i1">The harper's barbarous lay."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. D. Ridley.</span></p> + + <p><i>Punning Devices</i> (Vol. viii., p. 270.).—In the 4th volume + of Surtees' <i>History of Durham</i>, p. 48., there is an account of the + Orchard Chamber in Sledwish Hall:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In the centre is a shield of the arms of Clopton; being two coats + quarterly, a lion rampant and a cross <i>pattée fitchée</i>; over all, a + crescent for difference.<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> On two other shields, impressed from + one mould, are the initials E. C., the date 1584, and a <i>tun</i> with a + rose <i>clapt on</i>."<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Old Grumbleum.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>This note says the arms are reversed, being impressed from a + mould.</p> + + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>"The crest of Clopton is a falcon <i>clapping</i> his wings, and + rising from a tun; and I verily believe the rose <i>clapt on</i> to be + the miserable quibble intended."</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Ashman's Park</i>—<i>Wingfield's Portrait</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 299.).-Could any correspondent in Suffolk inform me if Ashman's Park has + been sold; and if the pictures are anywhere to be found, especially that + of Sir Anthony Wingfield? The communication of H. C. K. relative to the + above subject is very interesting.</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p>"<i>Crowns have their compass</i>," <i>&c.</i> (Vol. iv., p. + 428.).—In the well-known lines attributed to Shakspeare, and quoted + in the above volume, the third stands thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Of more than earth can earth make none partaker."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>I find that Quarles has borrowed this in his <i>Emblems</i>, book i. + Emblem vi.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Of more than earth can earth make none possest."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 377 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page377"></a>{377}</span></p> + + <p><i>Ampers</i> & (Vol. ii., pp.230. 284.; Vol. viii., pp. 173. 223. + 284.).—Allow me to thank both <span class="grk">Φ</span>. and + <span class="sc">Mr. Henry Walter</span> for their replies to my Query; + but I am unhappily no wiser than <span class="sc">Mr. Lower</span> was + after <span class="grk">Φ</span>.'s first response. What on earth + "et-per-se" or "and-per-se-and" can mean, I am at a loss to imagine. Why + should <i>et</i> be called "<i>et</i> by itself?" Until this Query is + answered, I am as much in the dark as ever. While I am upon the matter, I + would farther ask this mysterious <i>Ampers and</i>, "who gave thee that + name?" May it find a proxy to answer for it!</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + + <p>The origin of this expression is, explained in Vol. ii., p. 318. With + regard to the orthography of the word, it seems to me that, if the etymon + be followed, it ought to be written <i>and-per-se-and</i>; if the + pronunciation, <i>ampussy and</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Throwing Old Shoes for Luck</i> (Vol. vii., p. 411.).—There + is an old rhyme still extant, which gives an early date to this singular + custom:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"When Britons bold,</p> + <p class="i2">Wedded of old,</p> + <p>Sandals were backward thrown,</p> + <p class="i2">The pair to tell,</p> + <p class="i2">That, ill or well</p> + <p>The act was all their own."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>An octogenarian of my acquaintance informs me that he heard himself + thus anathematised when, leaving his native village with his bride, he + refused to comply with the extortionate demands of an Irish beggar:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Then it's bad luck goes wid yer,</p> + <p class="i1">For my shoe I toss,</p> + <p>An ye niver come back,</p> + <p class="i1hg1">'Twill be no great loss."</p> + </div> + </div> + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charles Reed.</span></p> + + <p><i>Ennui</i> (Vol. vii., p. 478.).—It is a curious fact that in + <i>English</i>, properly so called, we have no word to express this + certainly un-English sensation, which we are obliged to borrow from our + friends across the channel. <i>They</i> repay themselves with + "comfortable," which is quite as characteristically wanting in their + vocabulary: so they lose nothing by the exchange. Were we disposed to + supply the gaps in our language, by using our own native words (which is + much to be desired), we might find a sufficient (and I believe the only) + synonyme in the Bedfordshire folk-word <i>unked</i>: at any rate, it is + near enough for us, for we neither require the word nor the feeling it is + meant to designate.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Taylor.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Ford's Handbook of Spain.</span> Vol. I.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Austin Cheironomia.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Rev. E. Irving's Orations on Death, Judgment, Heaven, + and Hell.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Thomas Gardener's History of Dunwich.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Marsh's History of Hursley and Baddesley.</span> + About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nicephorus Catena on the Pentateuch.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Procopius Gazæus.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Watt's Bibliographia Britannica.</span> Parts V. and + VI.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Carlyle's Chartism.</span> Crown 8vo. 2nd + Edition.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Builder</span>, No. 520.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Oswalli Crollii Opera.</span> 12mo. Geneva, 1635.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Gaffarell's Unheard-of Curiosities.</span> Translated + by Chelmead. London. 12mo. 1650.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">PAMPHLETS.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Junius Discovered.</span> By P. T. Published about + 1789.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Reasons for Rejecting the Evidence of Mr. + Almon</span>, &c. 1807.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Another Guess at Junius.</span> Hookham. 1809.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Author of Junius Discovered.</span> Longmans. + 1821.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Claims of Sir P. Francis refuted.</span> + Longmans. 1822.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Who Was Junius?</span> Glynn. 1837.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Some New Facts</span>, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. + 1850.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "<span class="scac">NOTES AND QUERIES</span>," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct + to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses + are given for that purpose:</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Pointer's Britannia Romana.</span> Oxford, 1724.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Pointer's Account of a Roman Pavement at Stunsfield, + Oxon</span>. Oxford, 1713.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Roman Stations in Britain.</span> London, 1726.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">A Survey of Roman Antiquities in Some Midland + Counties.</span> London, 1726.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. J. W. Hewett</i>, Bloxham, Banbury.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored.</span> 4to. 1726.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">G. Macropedii, Hecastus, Fabula.</span> Antwerp, + 1539. 8vo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">G. Macropedii, Fabulæ Comicæ.</span> 2 Tom. 8vo. + Utrecht, 1552.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Wanted by <i>William J. Thoms</i>, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, + Westminster.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Indications of Spring</span>, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., + F.R.S.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Village Curate</span>, by Hurdis.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Calendar of Flora</span>, by Stillingfleete.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Wanted by <i>J. B. Whitborne</i>, 54. Russell Terrace, Leamington.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Wanted.</span> <i>We believe that gentlemen in + want of particular books, either by way of loan or purchase, would find + great facilities in obtaining them if their names and addresses were + published, so that parties having the books might communicate directly + with those who want them. Acting on this belief, we shall take advantage + of the recent alteration in the law respecting advertisements, and in + future, where our Correspondents desire to avail themselves of this new + arrangement, shall insert their names and addresses—unless + specially requested not to do so.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">All Communications</span> <i>should be addressed to + the Editor</i>, <i>to the care of</i> Mr. Bell, 186. Fleet Street. + <i>They should be</i> distinctly <i>written</i>; <i>and care should be + taken that all Quotations are copied with accuracy</i>: <i>and in all + cases of References to Books the editions referred to should be + specified</i>. <i>Every distinct subject should form a separate + communication</i>; <i>all inquiries respecting communications forwarded + for insertion should specify the subjects of such communications</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Arterus</span> (Dublin) <i>has not replied to our + inquiry as to the book from which he has transcribed the Latin verses + which form the subject of his Query</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Our Prospectus</span> <i>has been reprinted at the + suggestion of several Correspondents</i>, <i>and we shall be happy to + forward copies to any friends who may desire to assist us by circulating + them</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Semper Paratus.</span> <i>We cannot afford the + information desired. Out Correspondent would probably be more successful + on application to the editor of the paper referred to.</i></p> + +<p><!-- Page 378 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page378"></a>{378}</span></p> + + <p>J. R. (Bangor), <i>who inquires respecting</i> Vox Populi Vox Dei, + <i>is informed that the proverb is found in</i> William of Malmesbury; + <i>and is referred for its history to</i> "N. & Q." Vol. i., pp. 370. + 419. 492.; Vol. iii., pp. 288. 381.; <i>and M. Cornewall Lewis'</i> Essay + on the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion, p. 172.</p> + + <p>S. A. S. <i>is thanked. His hint will not be lost sight of.</i></p> + + <p>A. Z. <i>We have received a</i> Pedigree of the Reynolds Family <i>for + this Correspondent; where shall it be sent</i>?</p> + + <p><i>We are compelled to postpone until next week our</i> <span + class="sc">Notes on Books</span>, <i>and</i> <span + class="sc">Replies</span> <i>to several other Correspondents</i>.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., + <i>price Three Guineas and a Half</i>.—<i>Copies are being made up + and may be had by order.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," <i>is published at noon + on Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS.</p> + + <p>THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE.</p> + + <p>(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY.)</p> + + <p>Of Saturday, October 8, contains Articles on</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Agriculture, Swiss, by Mr. Brown</p> + <p>Agricultural progress</p> + <p>—— statistics</p> + <p>Aphides, to kill, by Mr. Creed</p> + <p>Asparagus, French</p> + <p>Berberry blight</p> + <p>Birds, instinct of, by the Rev. F. F. Statham</p> + <p>Books noticed</p> + <p>Bouyardias, scarlet</p> + <p>British Association</p> + <p>Calendar, horticultural</p> + <p>—— agricultural</p> + <p>Camellia culture</p> + <p>Charlock</p> + <p>Corn averages and rents, by Mr. Willich</p> + <p>Cuttings, to strike</p> + <p>Diastema quinquevulnerum</p> + <p>Draining clay</p> + <p>Fibre, woody</p> + <p>Fork, Mr. Mechi's steel</p> + <p>Forking machine</p> + <p>Hedges, ornamental</p> + <p>Hitcham Horticultural Society</p> + <p>Holly tree, by Mr. Brown</p> + <p>Machines, forking</p> + <p>Manure, liquid, and irrigation, by Mr. Mechi</p> + <p>National Floricultural Society</p> + <p>Nectarine, Stanwick, by Mr. Cramb</p> + <p>Nymphæa gigantea, by M. Van Houtte</p> + <p>Peas, late</p> + <p>Pig farming</p> + <p>Plants, woody fibre of</p> + <p>—— striking bedding</p> + <p>—— new</p> + <p>Poultry shows</p> + <p>Rents, and corn averages, by Mr. Willich</p> + <p>Rye-grass, Italian</p> + <p>Sinodendron cylindricum (with engraving)</p> + <p>Statistics, agricultural</p> + <p>Steam culture</p> + <p>Village Horticultural Society</p> + <p>Ward's (Mr.) garden</p> + <p>Warrea quadrata</p> + <p>Wheat, seed</p> + <p>—— sowing</p> + <p>Wheel, when is it a lever</p> + <p>Winter, tokens of</p> + <p>Woody fibre</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in + addition to the above, the Covent garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and + Liverpool prices, with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, + Bark, Wool and Seed Markets, and a <i>complete Newspaper, with a + condensed account of all the transactions of the week</i>.</p> + + <p>ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper + Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—Crystallised Nitrate of Silver, 4<i>s.</i> per oz. + in bottle. All <span class="correction" title="Original reads `other other'." + >other</span> Photographic Chemicals at greatly reduced prices, and + labelled with Tests.</p> + + <p>Orders addressed prepaid to JOHN THOMAS, 19. Chapel Street, Brixton + Road, Surrey, delivered Free within Ten miles. Not a Shop. List sent on + receipt of Stamp.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>CYANOGEN SOAP for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains.</p> + + <p>Beware of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this + valuable detergent. The genuine is made only by the inventor, and is + secured with a red label pasted round each pot, bearing this signature + and address:—</p> + + <p>RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, Manufacturer of pure Photographic + Chemicals, 10. Pall Mall, and may be procured of all respectable Chemists + in pots at 1<i>s.</i>, 2<i>s.</i>, and 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, + through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard, and MESSRS. BARCLAY + & CO., Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>A Small Quantity of BLACK Prepared Paper, for taking off Monumental + Brasses, is required by a Gentleman. Address, stating Quantity and Price, + to H. D., 39. Esher Street, Kennington Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>JUST PUBLISHED, PRICE FOURPENCE,</p> + + <p>Or sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps,</p> + + <p>FENNELL'S SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY,</p> + + <p>NO. III.</p> + + <p>Containing the following Interesting Articles, viz. Discovery of some + of Shakspeare's Manuscripts, with Extracts therefrom; Shakspearian Deeds + and other Relics, Shakspeare's Knowledge of Geography and the Classics + vindicated from Hypercritical and Pedantic Commentators; Curious old + Song, by John Grange; Notes on the Tempest, Gentlemen of Verona, and + Merry Wives of Windsor; Shakspeare and Bartholomew Fair; Dr. William + Kenrick's Lectures on Shakspeare, &c. &c.</p> + + <p>No. I. of the SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY may be had, PRICE SIXPENCE, or + sent Free on Receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + + <p>No. II. PRICE FOURPENCE, or Six Postage Stamps; or Nos. I. II. and + III. sent Free on receipt of Eighteen Stamps.</p> + + <p>Address, JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening <b>as large</b> as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + + <p>J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Just out, price 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A LETTER TO A CONVOCATION MAN, concerning the Rights Powers, and + Privileges of that Body, first published in 1697. Edited, with an + Introduction and Notes, by the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L., Curate of + Tor-Mohun.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"No reader on the subject of Convocation can any longer allow his + library to be without this very valuable and, until now, extremely scarce + pamphlet."—<i>Western Courier.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Also, price 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE CONSTITUTIONAL NATURE OF THE CONVOCATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF + ENGLAND. By the REV. WILLIAM FRASER, B.C.L.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This pamphlet has met with approval from several quarters; we must + take it then as representing the opinions of a considerable number of + convocation students."—<i>Synodalia.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London: J. MASTERS.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>RESTORATION OF THE BEAUCHAMP TOWER.</p> + + <p>To be published by Subscription, with the sanction and under the + immediate patronage of General Viscount Combermere, G.C.B., G.C.H., + Constable of the Tower of London.</p> + + <p>A SERIES OF DRAWINGS, to illustrate the Heraldry, Inscriptions, and + Devices carved on the Walls of the Beauchamp Tower of the Tower of London + by Political and other Prisoners during the eventful time of the 15th and + 16th Centuries, with Descriptive and Historical Letter-press. Price to + Subscribers, 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>Subscribers Names received, up to the 22nd of October, by W. R. DICK, + Clerk of the Works, Tower of London.</p> + + <p>A List of subscribers will be given at the end of the Work.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>12mo., cloth, with Frontispiece, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE VICAR AND HIS DUTIES: being Sketches of Clerical Life in a + Manufacturing Town Parish. By the REV. ALFRED GATTY.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"As much a true effigy, though taken with pen and ink, as if Mr. Gatty + had put that capital parish priest, the Vicar of Leeds, before his + camera. To the many friends of Dr. Hook this little volume will be deeply + interesting."—<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p> + + <p>"It unites the merit of lively and faithful sketching, sound + principles, and popular style."—<i>Churchman's Magazine.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p> + + <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p> + + <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan + of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained + with perfect Security.</p> + + <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>PETER MORRISON,</p> + <p>Managing Director.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has had considerable experience.</p> + + <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,—25. CANNON STREET, + CITY.—The Advantages offered by this Society are Security, Economy, + and lower Rates of Premium than most other Offices.</p> + + <p>No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies + indisputable.</p> + + <p>Loans granted to Policy-holders.</p> + + <p>For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low + as 20<i>l.</i>, at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.</p> + + <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application + to</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.</p> + </div> + </div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 379 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page379"></a>{379}</span></p> + + <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY, DU BARRY + & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual + remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves + fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, + intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, + dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, + heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of + the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during + pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the + aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures:—</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:—"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart + de Decies.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable agony from + dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, + sickness at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's + excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, + near Diss, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by + Du Barry's food in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. + Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, + with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington + Rectory, Norfolk."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p class="author">"Bonn, July 19. 1852.</p> + + <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all + kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, + as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and + bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of + the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> +"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, + purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent + Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine + venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full + instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; + 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of + Post-office order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, + London.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having + been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar + names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to + see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du Barry + & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without which + none is genuine</i>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Directors.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p> + <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P.</p> + <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p> + <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p> + <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p> + <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p> + <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p> + <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p> + <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p> + <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.</p> + <p><i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p> + <p><i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + </div> + </div> +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + + +<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%"> + <p>Age</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>£</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>s.</i></p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%"> + <p><i>d.</i></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>17</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>14</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>22</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>1</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>27</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>4</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>5</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>32</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>10</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>37</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>18</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>6</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:left"> + <p>42</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>3</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>8</p> + </td> + <td class="nob" style="text-align:right"> + <p>2</p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + + <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions. INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most + celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of + the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission + 6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; + Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates. Cases. Passepartoutes. Best and + Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p> + + <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p>Price List Gratis.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, + the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p> + + <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A Selection of the above beautiful + Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) + may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be + procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the + practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p> + + <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p> + + <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical + Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodised Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, + Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's + Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p> + + <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. + Paternoster Row, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for + taking either Views or Portraits.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.</p> + + <p>KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and + Price of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and + Son's Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various + Materials, and pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the + Photographic Art. Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> + + <p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p> + + <p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic + Specimens.</p> + + <p>GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 380 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page380"></a>{380}</span></p> + +<h3>ARCHÆOLOGICAL WORKS</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">BY</p> + +<h3>JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE +SOCIETY OF ANTIQUITARIES OF LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic, + Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15<i>s.</i> + cloth, illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five + hundred objects.</p> + + <p>A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and + will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of Greek, + Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours' careful + reading Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that which is + already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic + features of the Coin are dissected and placed by themselves, so that the + eye soon becomes familiar with them.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the + Earliest Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 + vols. 8vo., numerous Plates, 30<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain. 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, + with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and + described, containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with + Plates of several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of + the.—Fine Paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in + various Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. + fcp. 8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price + 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:—Section 1. Origin of + Coinage—Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial + Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage—Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial + Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon + Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11. + Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the + Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in + Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised + at Public Sales.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year + 1648 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of + the British Museum, &c. 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. + Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> With coloured + Plates.</p> + + <p>A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., + 3<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is Published Quarterly. Price 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> each Number.</p> + + <p>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PUBLISHED BY GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street, London.</p> + + <p>SHORT MEDITATIONS for EVERY DAY in the YEAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR + HOOK, D.D., 4 vols. fcap. 8vo., large type, 14<i>s.</i> cloth; + 30<i>s.</i> morocco.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Remarkable for the freshness and vigour which are maintained + throughout."—<i>Christian Remembrancer.</i></p> + + <p>"All Church people will hail with heartfelt welcome this beautifully + printed edition of a work, the Christian piety and spiritual powers of + which have been already fully appreciated and deeply felt by thousand of + pious and intelligent readers."—<i>Church Sunday School + Magazine.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>THE CHRISTIAN TAUGHT by the CHURCH'S SERVICES. Edited by WALTER + FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. New Edition, in 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., + large type, fine paper, 10<i>s.</i> calf, old style, 14<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The plan is exceedingly good; the seasons of the Christian year are + admirably marked by suitable contemplations."—<i>Christian + Remembrancer.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>HOLY THOUGHTS AND PRAYERS: arranged for Daily Use on Each Day of the + Week, according to the stated Hours of Prayer. New Edition, with + Additions, 16mo., cloth, 2<i>s.</i>; calf, gilt edges, 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Well arranged ... and from its ecclesiastical and devotional tone, is + a valuable companion, especially for those whose occupation gives them + opportunity for frequent religious exercises."—<i>Christian + Remembrancer.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A COMPANION TO THE ALTAR. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D. 18mo., + cloth, 2<i>s.</i>; calf, gilt edges, 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It has been reprinted for reasons which are well stated by the author + in his original advertisement (1740):—'I have interwoven as many + scriptural phrases as in the course of my reading I could find applicable + to the subject. I have carefully avoided all rapturous expressions which + can only suit a few persons, and have endeavoured to express myself in + such a manner as may suit a young beginner in religion, as well as a + greater proficient.'"—<i>Extract from Preface.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>THE CHURCH SUNDAY SCHOOL HYMN BOOK. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, + D.D. Large paper, cloth, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; calf, 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>*** For Cheap Editions of the above Five Books see List of the + Devotional Library.</p> + + <p>VERSES for HOLY SEASONS. By C. F. H., Author of "Moral Songs," "The + Baron's Little Daughter," "The Lord of the Forest and his Vassals," + &c. Edited by WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Third + edition, cloth, 3<i>s.</i>; morocco, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"An unpretending and highly useful book, suggestive of right thoughts + at the right season."—<i>English Journal of Education.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>SERMONS, SUGGESTED by the MIRACLES of our LORD and SAVIOUR JESUS + CHRIST. By WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. 2 vols. fcap. + 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> cloth. Vol. II. may be had separately, to complete + sets.</p> + + <p>These Sermons, preached every evening during Lent, are published by + request.</p> + + <p>FIVE SERMONS; Preached before the University of Oxford. Third edition, + cloth, 3<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A LETTER to his PARISHIONERS on the USE of the ATHANASIAN CREED. By + WALTER FARQUHAR HOOK, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. Sixth Edition, price + 6<i>d.</i>, or 4<i>s.</i> the dozen.</p> + + <p>London: GEORGE BELL.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>MURRAY'S +HANDBOOKS FOR TRAVELLERS +IN ITALY.</h3> + + <p>The following are now ready.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR NORTH ITALY.—Being a Guide to SARDINIA, LOMBARDY, + VENICE, PARMA, PIACENZA, MODENA, LUCCA, FLORENCE, and TUSCANY, as far as + the VAL D'ARNO. With Maps and Plates. Post 8vo. 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY. Part I.—Being a Guide to SOUTHERN + TUSCANY and the PAPAL STATES. With Maps and Plans. Post 8vo. + 7<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR CENTRAL ITALY, Part II.—Being a Guide to ROME and + its Environs. With Plan, Post 8vo. (Nearly Ready.)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK FOR SOUTHERN ITALY.—Being a guide to the CONTINENTAL + PORTION of the TWO SICILIES, including NAPLES, POMPEII, HERCULANEUM, + VESUVIUS, BAY OF NAPLES, &c. With Map and Plans. Post 8vo. + 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>HANDBOOK TO THE ITALIAN SCHOOLS OF PAINTING—From the German of + Kugler. With 100 Illustrations from the Old Masters. Post 8vo.</p> + + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published on SATURDAY, OCTOBER + 15th.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents:</span></p> + <p>I. THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.</p> + <p>II. MURDER OF THOMAS A BECKET.</p> + <p>III. THE DAUPHIN IN THE TEMPLE.</p> + <p>IV. THE HOLY PLACES.</p> + <p>V. DIARY OF CASAUBON.</p> + <p>VI. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY AND MESMERISM.</p> + <p>VII. LIFE OF HAYDON.</p> + </div> + </div> + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Now ready,</p> + + <p>MURRAY'S MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY BOOK. A New and Cheaper Edition, most + carefully revised and improved. With 100 Woodcuts. Price FIVE SHILLINGS, + strongly bound.</p> + + <p>*** Of this Popular Work more than 210,000 Copies have been sold.</p> + + <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>COMPLETION OF THE WORK. cloth 1<i>s.</i>: by post, 1<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>, p. 192.—WELSH SKETCHES, THIRD (and Last) SERIES. By the + Author of "Proposals for Christian Union."—Contents: 1. Edward the + Black Prince. 2. Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales. 3. Mediæval Bardism. 4. + The Welsh Church.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the + principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our + island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and language + still linger."—<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>London: JAMES DARLING. 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn + Fields.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street. in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid—Saturday, October 15, + 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 207, October +15, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 27006-h.htm or 27006-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/7/0/0/27006/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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