diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:33:16 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:33:16 -0700 |
| commit | 2c819dbe43db47910a0c6b7d12f230c2881fac63 (patch) | |
| tree | 13bbc4b4d6daf090ff1d985062ff4b091a52994d /26923-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '26923-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/26923-h.htm | 1296 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth1.JPG | bin | 0 -> 29510 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth10a.jpg | bin | 0 -> 29387 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth10b.jpg | bin | 0 -> 18533 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth4.jpg | bin | 0 -> 186532 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth5.jpg | bin | 0 -> 51216 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth7.jpg | bin | 0 -> 36206 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 26923-h/images/childbirth9.jpg | bin | 0 -> 24377 bytes |
8 files changed, 1296 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/26923-h/26923-h.htm b/26923-h/26923-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b3ca7e --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/26923-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1296 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<HTML> +<HEAD> + +<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + +<TITLE> +The Project Gutenberg E-text of Emergency Childbirth, +by U.S. Department of Defence and +U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare +</TITLE> + +<STYLE TYPE="text/css"> +BODY { color: Black; + background: White; + margin-right: 10%; + margin-left: 10%; + font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; + text-align: justify } + +P {text-indent: 4% } + +P.noindent {text-indent: 0% } + +P.poem {text-indent: 0%; + margin-left: 10%; + font-size: small } + +P.letter {font-size: small ; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +P.salutation {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 0%; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +P.closing {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 0%; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +P.footnote {font-size: smaller ; + text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +P.caption {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +P.transnote {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +P.index {font-size: small ; + text-indent: -5% ; + margin-left: 5% ; + margin-top: 0% ; + margin-bottom: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +P.intro {font-size: medium ; + text-indent: -5% ; + margin-left: 5% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +P.dedication {text-indent: 0%; + margin-left: 15%; + text-align: justify } + +P.published {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 15% } + +P.quote {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 4% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +P.report {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 4% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +P.report2 {font-size: small ; + text-indent: 4% ; + margin-left: 10% ; + margin-right: 10% } + +P.finis { text-align: center ; + text-indent: 0% ; + margin-left: 0% ; + margin-right: 0% } + +H3.h3left { margin-left: 0%; + margin-right: 1%; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: left ; + clear: left ; + text-align: center } + +H3.h3right { margin-left: 1%; + margin-right: 0 ; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: right ; + clear: right ; + text-align: center } + +H3.h3center { margin-left: 0; + margin-right: 0 ; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: none ; + clear: both ; + text-align: center } + +H4.h4left { margin-left: 0%; + margin-right: 1%; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: left ; + clear: left ; + text-align: center } + +H4.h4right { margin-left: 1%; + margin-right: 0 ; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: right ; + clear: right ; + text-align: center } + +H4.h4center { margin-left: 0; + margin-right: 0 ; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: none ; + clear: both ; + text-align: center } + +H5.h5left { margin-left: 0%; + margin-right: 1%; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: left ; + clear: left ; + text-align: center } + +H5.h5right { margin-left: 1%; + margin-right: 0 ; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: right ; + clear: right ; + text-align: center } + +H5.h5center { margin-left: 0; + margin-right: 0 ; + margin-bottom: .5% ; + margin-top: 0; + float: none ; + clear: both ; + text-align: center } + +IMG.imgleft { float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-top: 1%; + margin-right: 1%; + padding: 0; + text-align: center } + +IMG.imgright {float: right; + clear: right; + margin-left: 1%; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-top: 1%; + margin-right: 0; + padding: 0; + text-align: center } + +IMG.imgcenter { margin-left: auto; + margin-bottom: 0; + margin-top: 1%; + margin-right: auto; } + +</STYLE> + +</HEAD> + +<BODY> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Emergency Childbirth, by +U. S. Department of Defence and U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Emergency Childbirth + A Reference Guide for Students of the Medical Self-help + Training Course, Lesson No. 11 + +Author: U. S. Department of Defence + U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare + +Release Date: October 14, 2008 [EBook #26923] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EMERGENCY CHILDBIRTH *** + + + + +Produced by David Reed and Al Haines. + + + + + +</pre> + + +<BR><BR> + + +<H1 ALIGN="center"> +EMERGENCY CHILDBIRTH +</H1> + +<BR> + +<H2 ALIGN="center"> + A REFERENCE GUIDE FOR STUDENTS OF<BR> + THE MEDICAL SELF-HELP TRAINING COURSE<BR> +<BR> +LESSON NO. 11 +</H2> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +ACKNOWLEDGMENT +</H3> + +<P> +We wish to acknowledge with grateful appreciation the many services +provided by the American Medical Association, through the Committee on +Disaster Medical Care, Council on National Security, Board of Trustees +and staff, in the preparation of this handbook. +</P> + +<P> +From the inception of studies to determine emergency health techniques +and procedures, the Association gave valuable assistance and support. +The Committee on Disaster Medical Care of the Council on National +Security, AMA, reviewed the material in its various stages of +production, and made significant contributions to the content of the +handbook. +</P> + +<br> + +<H5 ALIGN="center"> + A joint publication of the<BR> + U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE<BR> + Office of Civil Defense<BR> +<BR> + and the<BR> +<BR> + U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE<BR> + Public Health Service<BR> + Health Services and Mental Health Administration<BR> + Division of Emergency Health Services<BR> + 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20852<BR> +<BR> + Reprinted December 1970<BR> +</H5> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +EMERGENCY CHILDBIRTH +</H3> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +What To Do +</H3> + +<P CLASS="noindent"> + 1. Let nature be your best helper. Childbirth is a very natural act.<BR> + 2. At first signs of labor assign the best qualified person to remain + with mother.<BR> + 3. Be calm; reassure mother.<BR> + 4. Place mother and attendant in the most protected place in the + shelter.<BR> + 5. Keep children and others away.<BR> + 6. Have hands as clean as possible.<BR> + 7. Keep hands away from birth canal.<BR> + 8. See that baby breathes well.<BR> + 9. Place baby face down across mother's abdomen.<BR> + 10. Keep baby warm.<BR> + 11. Wrap afterbirth with baby.<BR> + 12. Keep baby with mother constantly.<BR> + 13. Make mother as comfortable as possible.<BR> + 14. Identify baby.<BR> +</P> + +<BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +What Not To Do +</H3> + +<P CLASS="noindent"> + 1. DO NOT hurry.<BR> + 2. DO NOT pull on baby, let baby be born naturally.<BR> + 3. DO NOT pull on cord, let the placenta (afterbirth) come naturally.<BR> + 4. DO NOT cut and tie the cord until baby <I>AND</I> afterbirth have + been delivered.<BR> + 5. DO NOT give medication.<BR> +</P> + +<P> +DO NOT HURRY—LET NATURE TAKE HER COURSE. +</P> + +<P> +If it becomes necessary for families to take refuge in fallout shelters +there will undoubtedly be a number of babies born under difficult +conditions and without medical assistance. +</P> + +<P> +Every expectant mother and the members of her family should do all they +can to prepare for emergency births. They will need to know what to do +and what to have ready. (See "Expectant Mother's Emergency Kit.") +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +SPECIAL SAFEGUARDS +</H3> + +<P> +A pregnant woman should be especially careful to protect herself from +radiation exposure. She should have the most protected corner of the +shelter and not be allowed to risk outside exposure. She should not +lift heavy objects or push heavy furniture. If food shortages exist, +she should be given some preference. +</P> + +<P> +Fear and possible exertion involved during an atomic attack will +probably increase the number of premature births and of miscarriages. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +PREPARATIONS +</H3> + +<P> +Usually there is plenty of time after the beginning of first labor +pains to get ready for the delivery. Signs of labor are low backache, +bloody-tinged mucous strings passing from the birth canal, or a gush of +water from the birth canal. +</P> + +<P> +The mother will need a clean surface to lie on. Her bed should be so +arranged that the mattress is well protected by waterproof sheeting or +pads made from several thicknesses of paper covered with cloth. Cover +these protective materials with a regular bedsheet. +</P> + +<P> +A warm bed should be made ready in advance for the baby. It may be a +clothes basket, a box lined with a blanket, or a bureau drawer placed +on firm chairs or on a table. If possible, warm the baby's blanket, +shirt, and diapers with a hot water bottle. Warm bricks or a bag of +table salt that has been heated can be used if a hot water bottle is +not available. +</P> + +<P> +A knife, a pair of scissors, or a razor should be thoroughly cleansed +and sterilized in preparation for cutting the umbilical cord. If there +is no way to boil water to sterilize them (the preferred method of +sterilization), sterilize them by submersion in 70 percent isopropyl +alcohol solution for at least 20 minutes or up to 3 hours, if possible. +Sterile tapes for tying the umbilical cord will be needed. (Do not +remove them from their sterile wrappings until you are ready to use +them.) If no tapes are available, a clean shoestring or a strip of +sheeting (folded into a narrow tie) can be boiled and used wet as a +cord tie substitute. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +STAGES OF LABOR +</H3> + +<P> +Labor is the term used to describe the process of childbirth. It +consists of the contractions of the wall of the womb (uterus) which +force the baby and, later, the afterbirth (placenta) into the outside +world. Labor is divided into three stages. Its duration varies greatly +in different persons and under different circumstances. +</P> + +<P> +During the first and longest stage, the small opening at the lower end +of the womb gradually stretches until it is large enough to let the +baby pass through. The contractions (tightening) of the uterus, which +bring about this stretching and move the baby along into the birth +canal, cause pains known as labor pains. +</P> + +<P> +These pains, usually beginning as an aching sensation in the small of +the back, turn in a short time into regularly recurring cramplike pains +in the lower abdomen. By placing your hand on the mother's abdomen just +above the navel, you can feel each tightening of the uterus as an +increasing firmness or hardness. It lasts for 30 to 60 seconds. The +pains disappear each time the uterus relaxes. +</P> + +<P> +At first these pains occur from 10 to 20 minutes apart and are not very +severe. They may even stop completely for a while and then start up +again. The mother should rest when she is tired but need not be lying +down continuously. She may sleep between tightenings if she can. She +can take a little water or perhaps tea during the entire labor process. +She should urinate frequently during labor so the bladder will be as +empty as possible at the time of birth. +</P> + +<P> +The skin in the vaginal area of the mother should be sponged +occasionally with soapy water. Special attention should be given to +cleaning the inner sides of the thighs and the rectal area with heavy +lather. Soap or water should not be allowed to enter the vagina. +</P> + +<P> +A slight, watery, bloodstained discharge from the vagina normally +accompanies labor pains or occurs before the pains begin. +</P> + +<P> +For first babies, this stage of labor may continue for as long as 18 +hours or more. For women who have had a previous baby, it may last only +2 or 3 hours. +</P> + +<P> +The end of this first stage is usually signaled by the sudden pressing +of a large gush of water (a pint or so), caused by the normal breaking +of the bag of waters which surrounds the baby in the mother's womb. For +some women, the bag of waters breaks before labor begins or perhaps as +the first sign of its beginning. This should not cause the mother or +those helping her any concerns. It usually does not seriously affect +the birth. +</P> + +<P> +Through this first stage of labor, the mother does not have to work to +help the baby be born. She should not try to push the baby down, but +should try to relax her muscles. She can help do this by taking deep +breaths with her mouth open during each tightening. +</P> + +<CENTER> +<IMG SRC="images/childbirth4.jpg" ALT="Figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D" BORDER="2" WIDTH="712" HEIGHT="1118"> +</CENTER> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: A. At full term, or after 40 weeks of pregnancy, the +baby is ready to be born. The cervix through which baby must leave the +uterus is shown clearly here, still closed. The contractions of the +muscles of the uterus will open the cervix, and force the baby down +through the vagina, or birth canal, to the outside.] +</P> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: B. At the end of the first stage of labor the cervix is +completely open and the baby's head is beginning to come down through +the vagina. Contractions begin in the lower back and later are felt in +the lower abdomen. At the time shown here contractions are probably +coming every 2 minutes, lasting 40-60 seconds and very strong.] +</P> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: C. The first stage of labor usually lasts several hours +and is hard work. The mother needs to relax, rest, and be reassured. +Give her water and fruit juices. In this picture the second stage of +labor is well along. It is shorter than the first stage and the mother +will now be pushing down with each contraction, helping to force the +baby into the world. ] +</P> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: D. The head of the baby has been partially born. This +shows the usual position with the face down and the back of the head +up. The bag of waters in which the baby is enclosed throughout the +pregnancy may have broken at the beginning of labor, before or during +the first stage. It may break now, or have to be torn with the fingers.] +</P> + +<CENTER> +<IMG SRC="images/childbirth5.jpg" ALT="Figure 4E" BORDER="2" WIDTH="698" HEIGHT="416"> +</CENTER> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: E. Here you see the baby's head turned to the right as +is usual. The shoulders are about to be born. The head must turn so +that the baby's body can fit into the birth canal and come through more +easily. After the birth of the baby there will be further uterine +contractions and the placenta will be separated from the uterine wall +and expelled.] +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +CHANGE OF FEELING +</H3> + +<P> +Gradually the time between the labour pains grows shorter and the pains +increase in severity until they are coming every 2 to 3 minutes. It +will not be long now before the baby is born. +</P> + +<P> +At this stage the mother will notice a change. Instead of the tightness +in the lower abdomen and pain across the back, she will feel a bearing +down sensation almost as if she were having a bowel movement. This +means the baby is moving down. +</P> + +<P> +When this happens, she should lie down and get ready for the birth of +the child. The tightening and bearing down feelings will come more +frequently and be harder. +</P> + +<P> +She will have an uncontrollable urge to push down, which she may do. +But she should not work too hard at it because the baby will be brought +down without her straining too hard. There will probably be more blood +showing at this point. +</P> + +<P> +<I>The person attending the delivery should thoroughly scrub hands with +soap and water. Never touch the vagina or put fingers inside for any +reason. The mother also should keep her hands away from the vagina.</I> +</P> + +<P> +As soon as a bulge begins to appear in the vaginal area and part of the +baby is visible, the mother should stop pushing down. She should try to +breathe like a panting dog with her mouth open in order not to push the +baby out too rapidly with consequent tearing of her tissue. +</P> + +<P> +She should keep her knees up and legs separated so that the person +helping her can get at the baby more easily. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +MOMENT OF BIRTH +</H3> + +<P> +<I>The person helping the mother should always let the baby be born by +itself. No attempt should be made to pull the baby out in any way.</I> +</P> + +<P> +Usually the baby's head appears first, the top of the head presenting +and the face downward. Infrequently the baby will be born in a +different position, sometimes buttocks first, occasionally foot or arm +first. In these infrequent situations, patience without interference in +the birth process is most important. The natural process of delivery, +although sometimes slower, will give the child and the mother the best +chance of a safe and successful birth. +</P> + +<P> +The baby does not need to be born in a hurry, but usually about a +minute after the head appears the mother will have another bearing down +feeling and push the shoulders and the rest of the baby out. +</P> + +<P> +As the baby is being expelled, the person helping the mother should +support the baby on her hands and arms so that the baby will avoid +contact with any blood or waste material on the bed. +</P> + +<P> +If there is still a membrane from the water sac over the baby's head +and face at delivery, it should immediately be taken between the +fingers and torn so that the water inside will run out and the baby can +breathe. +</P> + +<P> +If, as sometimes happens, the cord, which attaches the child from its +navel to the placenta in the mother's womb, should be wrapped around +the baby's neck when his head and neck appear, try to slip it quickly +over his head so that he will not strangle. +</P> + +<P> +After the baby is born, wrap a fold of towel around his ankles to +prevent slipping and hold him up by the heels with one hand, taking +care that the cord is slack. To get a good safe grip, insert one finger +between the baby's ankles. Do not swing or spank the baby. Hold him +over the bed so that he cannot fall far if he should slip from your +grasp. The baby's body will be very slippery. Place your other hand +under the baby's forehead and bend its head back slightly so that the +fluid and mucus can run out of its mouth. When the baby begins to cry, +lay him on his side on the bed close enough to the mother to keep the +cord slack. +</P> + +<P> +The baby will usually cry within the first minute. If he does not cry +or breathe within 2 or 3 minutes, use mouth-to-mouth artificial +respiration. +</P> + +<P> +<I>Very little force should be used in blowing air into the baby's +mouth</I>. A short puff of breath about every 5 seconds is enough. As soon +as the baby starts to breathe or cry, mouth-to-mouth breathing should +be stopped. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +CUTTING THE CORD +</H3> + +<P> +There should be no hurry to cut the cord. Take as much time as +necessary to prepare the ties and sharp instruments. +</P> + +<P> +You will need two pieces of sterile white cotton tape or two pieces of +1-inch-wide sterile gauze bandage about 9 inches long to use to tie the +cord. (If you do not have sterile material for tying the cord but do +have facilities for boiling water, strips of sheeting—boiled for 15 to +20 minutes to make them sterile—can be used.) Tie the umbilical cord +with the sterile tape in two places, one about 4 inches from the baby +and the other 2 inches farther along the cord toward the mother, making +two or more simple knots at each place. Cut the cord between these two +ties with a clean sharp instrument such as a knife, razor blade, or +scissors. +</P> + +<P> +A sterile dressing about 4 inches square should be placed over the cut +end of the cord at the baby's navel and should be held in place by +wrapping a "bellyband" or folded diaper around the baby. If a sterile +dressing is not available, no dressing or bellyband should be used. +Regardless of whether a dressing is applied or not, no powder, +solution, or disinfectant of any kind should be put on the cord or +navel. +</P> + +<P> +If the afterbirth has not yet been expelled, cover the end of the +umbilical cord attached to it (and now protruding from the vagina) with +a sterile dressing and tie it in place. +</P> + +<CENTER> +<IMG SRC="images/childbirth7.jpg" ALT="Figure 7" BORDER="2" WIDTH="612" HEIGHT="544"> +</CENTER> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: Cut between the square knot by bringing the left tape +over right tape for first loop and right tape over left for second +loop. Tighten each loop firmly as tied. Use scissors or a razor blade +to cut cord.] +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +THIRD STAGE OF LABOR +</H3> + +<P> +Usually a few minutes after the baby is born (although sometimes an +hour or more will elapse) the mother will feel a brief return of the +labor pains which had ceased with the birth. These are due to +contractions of the uterus as it seeks to expel the afterbirth. <I>Do not +pull on the cord to hurry this process</I>. +</P> + +<P> +Some bleeding is to be expected at this stage. If there is a lot of +bleeding before the afterbirth is expelled, the attendant should gently +massage the mother's abdomen, just above the navel. This will help the +uterus to tighten, help the afterbirth come out, and reduce bleeding. +</P> + +<P> +It may be desirable to put the baby almost immediately to the mother's +breast for a minute or two on each side even though the mother will +have no milk as yet. This helps the uterus contract, and reduces the +bleeding. +</P> + +<P> +Someone should stand by the mother and occasionally massage her abdomen +gently for about an hour after the afterbirth is expelled. After that +the mother should feel the rounded surface of the uterus through the +abdomen and squeeze firmly but gently with her fingers. The bedding +should be cleansed and the mother sponged. Washing and wiping of the +vaginal area should always be done from the front to the back in order +to avoid contamination. A sanitary napkin should be applied. +</P> + +<P> +Keep the mother warm with blankets. She may have a slight chill. Give +her a warm (not hot) drink of sweetened tea, milk, or boullion. Wipe +her hands and face with a damp towel. She may drop off to sleep. +</P> + +<P> +The mother's diet after delivery may include any available foods she +wishes. She may eat or drink as soon as she wants to, and she should be +encouraged to drink plenty of fluids, especially milk. Canned milk can +be used and made more palatable by diluting with equal parts of water +and adding sugar, eggs, chocolate, or other flavoring. +</P> + +<P> +For the first 24 or 48 hours after delivery, the mother will continue +to have some cramping pains in the lower abdomen which may cause a +great deal of discomfort. Aspirin may help relieve these afterpains. +She should empty her bladder every few hours for 2 days following the +birth. If her bowels do not move within 3 days after delivery she +should be given an enema. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +MISCARRIAGE +</H3> + +<P> +If a pregnant woman shows evidence of bleeding, she should restrict her +activities and rest in bed in an effort to prevent possible loss of the +baby. If a miscarriage does occur, keep the patient flat with the foot +of the bed elevated from 12 to 18 inches to retard vaginal bleeding. +Keep her warm and quiet, and give her fluids. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +EXPECTANT MOTHER'S EMERGENCY CHILDBIRTH KIT +</H3> + +<P> +The public health and civil defense agencies of one State have planned +a 1 1/2-pound emergency childbirth kit made up of basic supplies that +can be carried in a 1-yard-square receiving blanket. +</P> + +<P> +The kit consists of the following: +</P> + +<P CLASS="noindent"> + One-yard square of outing flannel, hemmed (receiving blanket).<BR> + Plastic (polyethylene flexible film) for outer wrapping of the + kit if desired. (<I>Do not</I> wrap the baby in this plastic film.)<BR> + One or two diapers.<BR> + Four sanitary napkins (wrapped).<BR> + Adhesive tape identification strips for mother and baby.<BR> + Short pencil.<BR> + Soap.<BR> + Sterile package containing:<BR> + Small pair of blunt-end scissors (cheapest scissors will do), + or a safety razor blade with a guard on one side.<BR> + Four pieces of white cotton tape, 1/2 inch wide and 9 inches + long.[1]<BR> + Four cotton balls.<BR> + Roll of 3-inch gauze bandage.<BR> + Six 4-inch squares of gauze.[1]<BR> + Two or more safety pins.<BR> +</P> + +<P CLASS="footnote"> +[1] You will actually use only two tapes for tying the umbilical cord. +The two extras are included as a safeguard in case one or two should +be dropped or soiled. Extra 4-inch squares of gauze also are included. +</P> + +<CENTER> +<IMG SRC="images/childbirth9.jpg" ALT="Emergency childbirth kit" BORDER="2" WIDTH="668" HEIGHT="228"> +<H4> +Emergency childbirth kit +</H4> +</CENTER> + +<P> +Instructions such as those contained in this chapter also should be +considered a part of the emergency childbirth kit. +</P> + +<P> +To make the kit ready to carry, lay the plastic (if used) out flat, and +lay receiving blanket out flat on top of the plastic. Place the +diapers, sterile package, soap, sanitary napkins, identification tapes, +pencil and instructions in the center. Pull two opposite corners of the +receiving blanket and plastic together and tie. Do the same with the +other opposite corners, pulling each side together well so that nothing +will fall out. Then tightly knot the loose ends together in the same +way, leaving an opening so that the kit can be slipped over the arm for +carrying the kit while leaving the hands free. +</P> + +<P> +Such an emergency delivery kit will weigh about 1 1/2 pounds. The +contents suggested are basic essentials only, for extreme emergency. +Much more could be added, but the extra weight might mean leaving +behind some other items needed for survival. Additional supplies could +be stored in your home shelter to be ready in the event the birth takes +place there. In the case there is no need for an emergency delivery, +either in the home, shelter or in some evacuation situation, the +supplies in the kit can be used in home care of the baby. +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR> + +<H3 ALIGN="center"> +IDENTIFICATION TAPES +</H3> + +<P> +In emergency situations, identification will be particularly important, +especially if the birth should take place in a group shelter rather +than a family shelter, or in an evacuation situation. +</P> + +<P> +Two wide strips of adhesive tape will be needed—one long enough to go +around the mother's wrist, and the other long enough to go around the +baby's ankle. Information should be written on these strips as shown +below. +</P> + +<CENTER> +<IMG SRC="images/childbirth10a.jpg" ALT="Identification tape—for mother" BORDER="2" WIDTH="671" HEIGHT="354"> +<H4> +Identification tape—for mother +</H4> +</CENTER> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: For mother—Write parents' names, blood types, and +mother's Rh factor, street address, and whether it is a first or later +child.] +</P> + +<CENTER> +<IMG SRC="images/childbirth10b.jpg" ALT="Identification tape—for baby" BORDER="2" WIDTH="666" HEIGHT="229"> +<H4> +Identification tape—for baby +</H4> +</CENTER> + +<P CLASS="caption"> +[Illustration: For baby—Write date and hour of birth and parents' +names and address.] +</P> + +<BR><BR><BR><BR> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Emergency Childbirth, by +U. S. Department of Defence and U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EMERGENCY CHILDBIRTH *** + +***** This file should be named 26923-h.htm or 26923-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/9/2/26923/ + +Produced by David Reed and Al Haines. + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</BODY> + +</HTML> + + diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth1.JPG b/26923-h/images/childbirth1.JPG Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..40123fe --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth1.JPG diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth10a.jpg b/26923-h/images/childbirth10a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c67a61b --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth10a.jpg diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth10b.jpg b/26923-h/images/childbirth10b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0453208 --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth10b.jpg diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth4.jpg b/26923-h/images/childbirth4.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4c3d15e --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth4.jpg diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth5.jpg b/26923-h/images/childbirth5.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a26a5e --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth5.jpg diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth7.jpg b/26923-h/images/childbirth7.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ecf7573 --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth7.jpg diff --git a/26923-h/images/childbirth9.jpg b/26923-h/images/childbirth9.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2ffdd96 --- /dev/null +++ b/26923-h/images/childbirth9.jpg |
