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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 77, April 19, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 77, April 19, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26897]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{297} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 77.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 19. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                     Page
+    Latin Drinking Song by Richard Braithwait, by S. W.
+      Singer                                                    297
+    Strange Appearances in the Sky, by Rev. A. Gatty            298
+    "After me the Deluge," by Douglas Jerrold                   299
+    Bishop Thornborough's Monument                              299
+
+    Minor Notes:--King Richard III.--Shakspeare a
+      thorough Sailor--"A fellow-feeling." &c.--Early
+      Instances of the Word "News"--Under the Rose              300
+
+  QUERIES:--
+    Portraits of Spenser                                        301
+    The Vendace                                                 301
+
+    Minor Queries:--Ex Pede Herculem--"To-day we
+      purpose"--"God takes those soonest whom He loves
+      the best"--Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope
+      --Whychcote of St. John's--Meaning of Rechibus--
+      Family of Queen Katherine Parr--Skort--Religious
+      Teaching in the German Universities--Epigram by
+      Dunbar--Endymion Porter--Sathaniel--The Scoute
+      Generall--Anthony Pomeroy, Dean of Cork                   302
+
+    MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Civil War Tract--Trisection
+      of the Circle--Wolsey's Son--Cardinals and
+      Abbots in the English Church                              303
+
+  REPLIES:--
+    Sir Balthazar Gerbier, by J. Crossley                       304
+    The Travels of Baron Munchausen                             305
+
+    Replies to Minor Queries:--Tobacco in the East--
+      Captain John Stevens--MS. Catalogue of Norman
+      Nobility--Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.--
+      Comets--Pope Joan--Abbot Euctacius--The
+      Vellum-bound Junius--Meaning of Waste-book--
+      Cowdray--Solemnisation of Matrimony--Epitaph
+      on the Countess of Pembroke--Scandal against
+      Queen Elizabeth--The Tanthony--The Hippopotamus
+      --Tu autem--Places called purgatory--Swearing
+      by Swans, &c.--Edmund Prideaux and the Post-office
+      --Small Words and "Low" Words--Lord
+      Howard of Effingham--Obeahism, &c.                        306
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+    Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      310
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                311
+    Notices to Correspondents                                   311
+    Advertisements                                              311
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+LATIN DRINKING SONG BY RICHARD BRAITHWAIT.
+
+I have been surprised, from the facility with which the author of "Drunken
+Barnaby" seems to pour out his Leonine verse, that no other productions of
+a similar character are known to have issued from his pen. I am not aware
+that the following drinking song, which may fairly be attributed to him,
+has ever appeared in print. It was evidently unknown to the worthy
+Haslewood, the crowning glory of whose literary career was the happy
+discovery of the author, Richard Braithwait. I transcribe it from the MS.
+volume from which James Boswell first gave to the world Shakspeare's verses
+"On the King." Southey has somewhere said that "the best serious piece of
+Latin in modern metre is Sir Francis Kinaston's _Amores Troili et
+Cressidæ_, a translation of the two first books of Chaucer's Poem[1]; but
+it was reserved for _famous_ BARNABY to employ the barbarous ornament of
+rhyme, so as to give thereby point and character to good Latinity."
+
+Southey does not seem to have known those remarkable productions of the
+middle ages, which have been made accessible to us by the researches of
+Docen, of Grimm, of Schmeller, and of Mr. Wright; and, above all, of that
+exquisite gem, "De Phyllide et Flora," first printed by Docen[2], and since
+given by Mr. Wright in his collection of _Poems attributed to Walter de
+Mapes_. We have, however, a much better text from the hand of Jacob Grimm,
+in the _Memoirs of the Academy of Berlin for 1843_, p. 239. Of this poem it
+is perhaps not exaggeration to say, that it is an Idyll which would have
+done honour to the literature of any age or country; and if it is the
+production of Walter de Mapes, we have reason to be proud of it. It is a
+dispute between two maidens on the qualities of their lovers, the one being
+a soldier, the other a priest. It breathes of the spring, of nature, and of
+love:
+
+ "Erant ambæ virgines et ambæ reginæ
+  Phyllis coma libera Flora comto crine,
+  Non sunt formæ virginum sed formæ divinæ,
+  Et respondent facies luci matutinæ.
+
+  Nec stirpe, nec facie, nec ornatu viles,
+  Et annos et animos habent juveniles
+  Sed sunt parum inpares, et parum hostiles
+  Nam hinc placet clericus illi vero miles."
+
+{298} Love is called in to decide the dispute, and it causes no surprise to
+find, after due ventilation of the cause, the judgment of the court to be:
+
+ "Secundum scientiam et secundum morem,
+  AD AMOREM CLERICUM DICUNT APTIOREM."
+
+Your readers who are not already acquainted with this interesting picture
+of ancient manners will, I think, be pleased with having it pointed out to
+their notice.
+
+Should the following song not be already in print, I can also furnish from
+the same source a version of the ballad on "Robin Goodfellow" by the same
+hand, should it be acceptable.[3]
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+         "CANTIO.
+
+ "O Pampine! quo venisti?
+  Cur me spectas fronte tristi?
+  Tolle caput, sis jucundus,
+  Tolle poculum exue fundus,
+  Et salutem jam bibamus,
+  Ad sodales quos amamus;
+  O Pampine! tibi primum
+  Haustum summus hunc ad imum.
+
+  Ecce de christallo factum
+  Purum vas, et hoc intactum,
+  Lympha nunc et succo plenum,
+  Nec includit hoc venenum;
+  Medicamen quod repellit
+  Omnes malos, nec fefellit,
+  O Pampine! invito Momo,
+  Tibi, tu es meus homo.
+
+  Hic est sacer fons et flumen,
+  Quod qui potant vocant numen,
+  Iras pellit, demit lites,
+  Et superbos facit mites;
+  Et post flumen hoc te amoenum
+  Annos reparare senum:
+  O Pampine! tibi habe,
+  Bibe si sis dignus tabe.
+
+  Hoc si tu gustabit nectar,
+  Si sis Paris fies Hector,
+  Iras demit inquietas,
+  In memento facit lætas;
+  Pro doloribus est solamen,
+  Pro pulicibus medicamen;
+  O Pampine! habe tibi,
+  Bibe tu cum ego bibi.
+
+  Hic est aqua vera fortis,
+  Vincula quæ solvet mortis,
+  Aut, si placet, aqua vitæ,
+  Roborans ab atra Dite:
+  Hinc sunt uti qui potestis
+  Omnia, cibus, potis, vestis;
+  O Pampine! tibi cito
+  Bibe, aut ab hinc abito.
+
+  Si frigistis, sine joco,
+  Solo hoc utare foco,
+  Si esuries hic sunt oves,
+  Pulli, vituli, et boves;
+  Quod si sitis ecce montem,
+  Quem si scandes habet fontem;
+  O Pampine! bibe rursus,
+  Bibe, tu nam venit cursus.
+
+  Si ægrotas sume potum,
+  Vis ut valeas tolle totum,
+  Cape potum hunc paratum,
+  Sanus eris,--est probatum;
+  Si in corpore aut in mente
+  Dolebant in quavis dente;
+  O Pampine! tibi statim
+  Sume potum hinc gradatim.
+
+  Bacche jam et jam Silene,
+  Pocula impleatis plene,
+  Ope jam adiutus vestra
+  Domum, feram e fenestra.
+  Ædes vertunt jam rotundæ,
+  Et succedant res secundæ:
+  O Pampine! tibi bibo,
+  Bibe, vale! ego abibo."
+
+[Footnote 1: Southey was not aware that the whole of Chaucer's Poem, and
+the "Testament of Cressid," by Henryson, was translated by Kinaston and
+accompanied by a copious commentary in English, but only exists in one sole
+MS. The press of the Camden Society would be well employed on it.]
+
+[Footnote 2: In Baron von Aretin's _Beytrage zur Geschichte und Literatur_,
+vol. vii. p. 301.; but the copy, though a good text, was defective at the
+end.]
+
+[Footnote 3: [We are sure we are only expressing the opinion of the
+majority of our readers when we say it will be _most acceptable_.--ED.]]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+STRANGE APPEARANCES IN THE SKY.
+
+Strange appearances in the sky have not been without their ominous
+signification from the time that the greater and lesser lights were placed
+there at the creation, to the rainbow after the Deluge; and onward to the
+"star in the east" which announced our Saviour's birth, and the "light from
+heaven" which accompanied St. Paul's conversion. But the question is,
+whether there has since been any meaning in other like celestial
+illuminations? Some historical credit is claimed for the fiery sword, and
+armies fighting in the air, which preceded the siege of Jerusalem: for the
+cross of the Emperor Constantine: for the bow about the sun seen by
+Augustus Cæsar, when he took possession of the Roman empire: and for stars,
+or other heavenly lights, which have seemed to herald the births or deaths
+of illustrious personages. But are these stories to be believed? and, if
+they are, where is the line of credibility to be drawn? People cannot come
+together, and talk either on this subject, or on that of ghosts, but every
+one "hath a revelation, hath an interpretation." The poet, walking on the
+mountains, looked into the sky, and
+
+ "The appearance, instantaneously disclosed,
+  Was of a mighty city--boldly say
+  A wilderness of building, sinking far,
+  And self-withdrawn, into a wondrous depth,
+  Far sinking into splendour--without end?"
+
+The two following extracts are from private letters now before me. The
+first account was written in 1825 by a physician, still alive, and {299}
+who at the time read an account of what he had seen at a meeting of the
+Plinian Society. He says,
+
+    "I last evening read a paper upon an extraordinary appearance of
+    letters, formed by the clouds, seen by a Mr. T. and myself. We had also
+    with us two little boys, one nine, the other eleven years of age, who
+    were able to make out each letter equally with ourselves. These
+    children were at the time walking some distance behind us: but, upon
+    their coming up, and being shown the letters, they read them without
+    having heard any observation of ours respecting them. We saw them for
+    about two minutes, when they gradually changed their form--each letter
+    changing its perpendicular for a horizontal position, and at length the
+    whole becoming converted into that form of cloud denominated
+    cirro-stratus. I will endeavour to give you a faint idea of the
+    appearance, by forming the letters as well as my memory will enable me.
+    I make no comment upon the words themselves, as they are too
+    extraordinary for observation of any kind. It was upon the 12th of last
+    month: several showers had fallen in the course of the day, but the
+    afternoon was fine. The time seven in the evening. The letters were
+    formed upon a fine blue surface, having no other clouds near them,
+    except very small ones, which tended much to heighten the effect of the
+    whole.
+
+    [Illustration: (ETERNAL)]
+
+    [Illustration: (MILLENNIUM)]
+
+    "You will observe several deficiencies in the letters of the first
+    word, viz. in the first 'E;' also in the 'N,' the second part being
+    short; and a slight defect in the letter 'A.' With respect to the
+    second word, the first six letters were very perfect: the others, with
+    the exception of the 'M,' mere strokes; but in number sufficient to
+    make up the word: and they had the appearance of having been perfect. I
+    can assure you they were anything but obscure, and required very little
+    stretch of the imagination. In the first word the letters were
+    equidistant and beautifully uniform. The second word was not quite
+    straight, being curved towards its termination. This appeared to me to
+    arise from the change of position which the letters were undergoing, as
+    before stated."
+
+My other extract is from a letter written in 1851. The scene to which it
+refers is a sick chamber occupied by an octogenarian grandmother, who is
+_in extremis_. Her daughter, who writes the account, is present, together
+with a grandchild, who is nearly eleven years old. The nurse has left the
+room.
+
+    "We afterwards stood by poor grandmamma's fire, and then we sat at her
+    window to see the moon rise. There were many clouds about it, and
+    directly under it was the most marked figure of our Saviour on the
+    cross. The head was concealed in light, but the arms were outstretched,
+    and the body quite distinct. M. saw it too, and said, 'How appropriate,
+    aunt, for the beginning of Lent!' She has never alluded to it since,
+    nor, of course, have I; nor do I think any more of it, than that _there
+    it was_: and there is something happy in the fancy, at all events, for
+    it shone on her dying bed."
+
+As you admit folk lore into "NOTES AND QUERIES," also well-attested
+anecdotes, although these may not absolutely conduce to the advancement of
+learning or art, perhaps you will receive this paper for the amusement of
+those who, like myself, feel an interest in anything which takes us a
+little out of the _hardware facts_ of "the age we live in."
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"AFTER ME THE DELUGE."
+
+If stolen wisdom could be returned to its rightful authors, great, indeed,
+would be the transfer of property. Prince Metternich is said to be the
+sayer of "After me the Deluge." And yet the Prince took the saying from the
+mouth of Madame Pompadour; and she took it--from whom? It may be reasonably
+doubted that her brain originated it; for it was not an order of brain that
+packs wisdom in few syllables.
+
+    "'After me the Deluge,' said Prince Metternich; a fine saying, but a
+    false prophecy we trust."
+
+I quote this from an admirable paper in _The Times_ of to-day (April 10.)
+on the Crystal Palace, and quote the subscribed from an _Essai sur la
+Marquise de Pompadour_, prefixed to the _Mémoires de Madame du Hausset,
+Femme de Chambre de Madame Pompadour_, in Barrière's _Bibliothèque des
+Mémoires_.
+
+    "Madame de Pompadour, dans l'ivresse de la prospérité, répondit à
+    toutes les menaces de l'avenir par ces trois [_quatre_] mots, "APRÈS
+    NOUS, LE DÉLUGE," qu'elle répétait souvent."
+
+In this case, "Pompadour _v._ Metternich," surely a verdict must be
+returned for the lady, unless Voltaire puts in a future claim.
+
+DOUGLAS JERROLD.
+
+West Lodge, Putney Common.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP THORNBOROUGH'S MONUMENT.
+
+    [The writer of the following interesting communication does not appear
+    to be aware that he is obliging us and a correspondent D. Y., who had
+    asked (Vol. iii., p. 168.) for an explanation of the phrase _Denarius
+    Philosophorum_, in the Bishop's Monument.]
+
+Our local antiquaries have long been puzzled by an inscription in the Lady
+chapel of our cathedral. It stands on the monument of Bishop Thornborough,
+and was prepared by himself fourteen years before his decease in 1641, at
+the age of ninety-four. He was addicted to alchymy, and published a book in
+1621, entitled [Greek: Lithotheôrikos], _sive_, _Nihil aliquid_, _omnia_,
+_&c._ In the course of some recent studies in the Pythagorean philosophy,
+my attention was accidentally engaged by this {300} inscription; and it at
+once struck me that it was _thence_ that the explanation was to be derived.
+The epitaph is as follows: on one side,
+
+    "Denarius Philosophorum, Dum Spiro, Spero."
+
+on the other,
+
+    "In Uno, 2^o. 3^o. 4^{or} 10. non Spirans Spera_bo_."
+
+The latter letters are now effaced.
+
+It is well known that the Pythagoreans found all the modes of space in the
+relations of numbers.
+
+The monad, or unit, was not only the _point_ whence all extension proceeds,
+but it further symbolised the First Principle, the origin of all. The duad
+represented the line, as being bounded by two points or monads. The triad
+stood for surface as length and width. The tetrad for the perfect figure,
+the cube, length, depth, and width. The decad, or denarius, indicated
+comprehensively all being, material and immaterial, in the utmost
+perfection: hence the term _decas_, or _denarius_, was used summarily for
+the whole science of numbers, as in the title of Meursius's tract _De
+Denario Pythagorico_, which was published four years after the date of the
+inscription, and when the philosophy was attracting much attention among
+European scholars. To be as concise as possible then, I presume that the
+old bishop intended that the tomb on which his effigy lies was his access
+to that perfection of existence which philosophers had designated by the
+_decas_, or _denarius_. During the present life he was hoping for it, "Dum
+Spiro, Spero."--On the other side: "In Him, who is the source, the
+beginning, the middle, and the end of all existence and perfection (in Uno,
+2^o. 3^o. 4^{or} 10. non Spirans Sperabo), though I breathe no more, yet
+shall I hope."
+
+Such is probably the meaning of his pious conceit, and I offer it as a
+solution of what has long served for a riddle to the visitors of our
+cathedral. Beyond this, your readers and myself may be equally indifferent
+to such cabalistical quaintness. But let us treat it with charity, as the
+devout consummation of an aged alchymist.
+
+O. F.
+
+College Green, Worcester, March, 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_King Richard III._ (Vol. iii., p. 221.).--On the 14th May, 1491 (6 Henry
+VII.), one Master William Burton, the schoolmaster of St. Leonard's
+Hospital, in the city of York, was accused before the magistrates of having
+said that "King Richard was an hypocrite, a _crocheback_, and buried in a
+dike like a dog." This circumstance is recorded in a contemporary document
+of unquestionable authenticity (vide extracts from _York Records in the
+Fifteenth Century_, p. 220.); and must remove all doubt as to the fact of
+Richard's bodily deformity. The conjecture of Dr. Wallis, quoted by
+G. F. G., can have no weight when opposed by clear evidence that the word
+"crouchback," as a term of reproach or contempt, was applied to King
+Richard within a few years after his death, by one to whom his person must
+have been familiarly known.
+
+[Delta].
+
+_Shakespeare a thorough Sailor._--Let me point attention to a _genuine_
+nautical expression, in the use of which Shakespeare shows himself _a
+thorough sailor_:
+
+ "The wind sits in the _shoulder_ of your sail."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+In a "fore and aft sail" of the present day, the "shoulder" is the
+_foremost upper_ corner, and the _last part of the canvass_ on which the
+wind fixes its influence when a vessel is "sailing by the wind," or even
+"off the wind." The "veriest lout" in the "after-guard" will appreciate the
+truthfulness and beauty of the metaphor.
+
+A. L.
+
+_"A fellow-feeling," &c._--
+
+ "A fellow-feeling makes one wondrous kind."
+
+This oft-quoted line is from Garrick's Epilogue on quitting the stage.
+
+[Gamma].
+
+_Early Instances of the World "News."_--Without the slightest intention of
+re-opening the discussion as to whether the word "newes" be of native
+growth or imported, I would beg leave to suggest as a means of completing
+_its history_, that should any of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," whose
+researches may lead amongst the authorities of the _fifteenth_ century,
+meet with instances of the word in familiar use between A.D. 1400 and A.D.
+1500, they would notify the same.
+
+The earliest date of its colloquial use as yet recorded in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," is A.D. 1513: on the other hand, the word, so far as I am aware,
+is nowhere used by Chaucer, although his near approach to it in the
+following lines is very remarkable:
+
+ "There is right now come into the toune a gest,
+  A Greek espie, and telleth _newe things_,
+  For which I come to tell you newe tidings."--_Troilus and Creseide_, b.
+      ii. 1113.
+
+After this, the transition to the word itself is so extremely easy, that it
+could not be far distant.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+_Under the Rose._--It may interest the inquirers into the origin of this
+expression to know, that at Lullingston Castle in Kent, the residence of
+Sir Percival Dyke, there is in the hall an old picture, or painted carving
+(I forget which, as it is many years since I saw it), of a rose, some two
+feet in diameter, surrounded by an inscription, which, if I remember right,
+runs as follows, or nearly so:--
+
+ "Kentish true blue;
+  Take this as a token,
+  That what is said here
+  Under the rose is spoken."
+
+It is now, or was when I saw it, in the hall of that {301} ancient mansion,
+but I believe had been brought from an old house in the neighbourhood.
+
+E. H. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+PORTRAITS OF SPENSER.
+
+The engraved portraits of Spenser differ so much from each other as to
+throw doubts on their resemblance to the poet.
+
+I have now before me the following:
+
+1. That prefixed to Bell's edition, 1777, engraved by Cook from "an
+original in Lord Chesterfield's collection."
+
+2. Prefixed to an edition in one volume published by Spiers, 1840.
+
+3. Prefixed to Moxon's edition, 1845.
+
+We are not told from what paintings Nos. 2. and 3. are engraved, but they
+resemble each other, and are somewhat like that in Bell's edition; so I
+shall set these three down as forming one class of portraits. No. 2. has,
+however, a curious inscription, _Edmund Spenser_, _obiit 1559_, which would
+lead us to reject it altogether, and look on it as an imaginary likeness.
+
+4. The portrait in Pickering's Aldine edition, 1839: this bears no
+resemblance, either in costume or features, to those already mentioned;
+but, if I mistake not, is like that in Todd's edition, published in
+1805,--we may call these a second class.
+
+An original portrait of Spenser is said to be in Lord Chesterfield's
+collection; another in Duplin Castle, the seat of Lord Kinnoul (of this
+there is a copy at Althorpe by Sir Henry Raeburn). Mr. Wright, in his
+_Memorials of Cambridge_, mentions a portrait at Pembroke College, "a copy
+by Wilson," but he does not say from what original: Mr. Craik, in _Spenser
+and his Writings_, speaks of _two_ as being in this college.
+
+The writer thinks he recollects a law-suit relative to a portrait of the
+poet, which had been sold to the late Sir Robert Peel, and which was stated
+to have come from Ireland. Perhaps some of your readers could give
+information respecting this picture.
+
+It is clear, if the first three are all from the Chesterfield original,
+that this painting, and the one from which Mr. Pickering's is taken, cannot
+both be portraits of Spenser. The object of this Query is to ascertain, if
+possible, which engraving, or class of engravings, resembles the poet.
+
+E. M. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE VENDACE.
+
+The very remarkable fish called the _Vendace_ is to be found but in one
+place in the three kingdoms,--the Castle Loch of Lochmaben, a parish to the
+south of Dumfriesshire in Scotland. The Vendace, it is said, derives its
+name from _Vendois_ in France, and was brought to this country by one of
+the James's. This, however, is mere conjecture, and, from its habits,
+highly improbable--because _they die the moment they are either touched or
+exposed to the air_.
+
+According to Mr. Stewart (_Elements of Natural Hist._), the Vendace belongs
+to a species which he calls _Salmo albula_, or the "Juvangis."
+
+    "This species," he adds, "is found in Lochmaben in Scotland, and
+    _nowhere else_: it is said to have been carried thither from England in
+    the time of Robert the Bruce."
+
+Mr. Stewart describes the fish, but from his description it is evident he
+has never seen it. The following one is exact:--
+
+    "This beautiful fish measures from four to six inches in length, and
+    tapers gradually to the tail. When taken out of the water, it has a
+    bright silvery white appearance, with a slight tendency to a light blue
+    along the back and part of the sides. In size it resembles a small
+    herring or par, but particularly the former, not only in the mouth and
+    external appearance, but also in the anatomical structure. _Upon the
+    top of the head_ there is a very distinct _shape of a heart_, covered
+    with a transparent substance of a brownish colour, resembling a thin
+    lamina of mica slate, _through which the brain is visible_. This
+    peculiar mark proves it to be as yet a distinct and undescribed
+    species. Nothing is ever found visible to the naked eye in the stomach
+    of the Vendace. They are extremely delicate, and are allowed to be the
+    most pleasing to the taste of all fish. The general mode of catching
+    them is with a net, as there is no instance known of their having been
+    caught either with bait or the artificial fly. The pike, with which
+    this lake abounds, is their greatest enemy. It has been frequently
+    stated that no fewer than fifteen distinct species of fish, fit for the
+    table, have been found in the Castle Loch."
+
+Dr. Knox, sometime Lecturer upon Anatomy in Edinburgh, states:
+
+    "That he has not only discovered the food of the Vendace, but actually
+    exhibited it before the Members of the Royal Society, and offers
+    suggestions for the stocking of the various lakes in Britain with this
+    exquisite fish; pointing out first the necessity of locating its
+    natural food, without which it cannot live."
+
+Allowing, however, that some neighbouring lake could be covered with some
+of these invisible and "incredibly minute entomostraceous animals," which
+the learned lecturer says constitute their food, we should still find a
+difficulty in transferring the fish; as every attempt to do so, though
+conducted with the greatest possible care and nicety, _has failed_.
+
+In the preceding account, I have followed the Rev. John Gardiner of
+Lochmaben, who, in 1835, drew up an admirable account of his parish, which
+is inserted in the statistical survey of the county.
+
+The gentlemen of the county have formed a {302} _Vendace Club_, which meets
+at Lochmaben annually on the 25th and 26th of July, when they dine off the
+fish. I asked one of the members how long it had been in existence, and he
+said about thirty years.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Ex Pede Herculem._--I shall feel much obliged if any of your
+correspondents or readers can inform me of the origin of the proverb "Ex
+pede Herculem." In what classical author is it to be found? I have looked
+in vain through _Erasmi Adagia_ for it.
+
+H. H.
+
+"_To-day we purpose._"--Will any one be good enough to say where these
+lines (quoted by Mr. Ruskin, _Modern Painters_, vol. ii. p. 188.) are to be
+found:--
+
+ "To-day we purpose, ay, this hour we mount
+  To spur three leagues towards the Apennine;
+  Come down, we pray thee, ere the hot sun count
+  His dewy rosary on the eglantine"
+
+G. N.
+
+"_God takes those soonest whom He loves the best._"--Where shall we find
+the origin of this expression, so frequently occurring on tombstones in
+almost all parts of the country? Or how far back can it be traced? The
+following, in Rainham church, Kent, is of the year 1626:
+
+ "Here slepes my babe in silence, heauen's his rest,
+  For God takes soonest those he loueth best."
+
+T. H. K.
+
+Malew, Man.
+
+_Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope._--At what period, and in what author
+besides Veryard's _Tour in the Low Countries_, is the story of two Quakers
+being imprisoned in the Lazzaretto in Rome, for attempting to convert the
+Pope, to be found? Were they persons of any standing in the Society?
+
+B. S. S.
+
+_Whychcote of St. John's._--In one of the volumes published under the
+foregoing title, in 1833, there is a striking story, evidently fictitious
+in the main, but assuming, as an element of fact, the remembered existence
+of a head-stone over a grave in the little burial-ground, under the shadow
+of the venerable ruins of Tynemouth Priory in Northumberland, containing
+the single word "Fanny." Does any one of the Tyneside readers of the "NOTES
+AND QUERIES" personally recollect the actual existence of such a memorial?
+Is the _real name_ of the author of the entertaining work disclosed in any
+subsequent publication, or is it generally known?
+
+J. D.
+
+_Meaning of Rechibus, &c._--Among the rights claimed by the Esturmys in
+Savernak forest, 8 Edw. III., occurs--
+
+    "Et omnia placita de leporibus, rechibus, heymectis, tessonibus,
+    vulpibus, murilegis, et perdricibus:"
+
+which I translate--
+
+    "And all pleas concerning hares, traps, hedgehogs, badgers, foxes,
+    wild-cats, and partridges:"
+
+but I confess I have no confidence in some of these words, as the
+glossaries in the British Museum Library fail to explain them. I therefore
+solicit your courteous assistance.
+
+JAMES WAYLEN.
+
+_Family of Queen Katherine Parr._--The pedigree of the once eminent family
+of Parr, as recorded in various printed works--Dugdale, Nicholls, Burke,
+&c., is far from being complete or satisfactory. Could any one versed in
+the genealogy of the northern counties supply any information on the
+following points?--
+
+I. The early descent.--Dugdale in his _Baronage_, commences with Sir
+William Parr, who married Elizabeth De Ros, 1383; but he states the family
+to have been previously "of knightly degree." A MS. pedigree in the
+Herald's College also mentions Sir William as "descended from a race of
+knights." Where is an account of this race to be found?
+
+II. The separation between the two lines of Parr and Kendal.--Sir Thomas
+Parr, father of Queen Katherine, died 1518, and his _Inq. p. m._ states him
+to have held manors, messuages, lands, woods, and rents, in Parr, Wigan,
+and Sutton. Ten years afterwards, 1528, Bryan Parr was found by _Inq. p.
+m._ to have held the manor, messauges, woods, lands, &c. of Parr. How was
+Bryan related to Sir Thomas?
+
+III. The descendant in the fourth degree of Bryan was Henry Parr, of Parr,
+who was, according to a MS. in the college, aged twenty in 1621. Had he any
+descendants?
+
+If no positive information can be afforded, yet a clue to where it might be
+sought for would oblige.
+
+GENEALOGICUS LANCASTRIENSIS.
+
+_Skort._--
+
+ "Or wily Cyppus that can wink and snort,
+  While his wife dallies on Mæcenas' skort."--Hall, _Satires_, Book iv.
+      Sat. 1. (Whittingham's edition, 1824.)
+
+Of course the general meaning of these two verses is obvious enough. But
+how is the latter to be read? Are we to read "dallies on," as one word,
+_i.e._ keeps dallying, and "skort" (as a mere abbreviation of the Latin
+"scortum") as nominative in apposition with "wife?" If so, the verse is
+intelligible, though harsh enough even for Hall.
+
+If not, the word "skort" must have some other meaning which I am
+unacquainted with. I cannot find it at all in Halliwell, the only authority
+I have at hand to refer to.
+
+K. I. P. B. T.
+
+{303}
+
+_Religious Teaching in the German Universities._--Will any of your numerous
+readers direct me to any book or books containing information on the
+_present state_ of religion and religious teaching in the German
+Universities?
+
+ROVERT.
+
+_Epigram by Dunbar--Endymion Porter._--Can any of your correspondents
+supply the deficient verses in the following epigram, addressed by Thomas
+Dunbar, keeper of the Ashmolean Museum from 1815 to 1822, to Miss Charlotte
+Ness, who required him to explain what was meant by the terms _abstract_
+and _concrete?_
+
+ "Say what is _abstract_, what _concrete_,
+    Their difference define?
+  They both in one fair person meet,
+    And that fair form is thine.
+      *    *    *    *
+      *    *    *    *
+  For when I lovely Charlotte view,
+    I then view loveli_ness_."
+
+Can any one substantiate the local tradition the Endymion Porter was born
+at the manor-house of Aston Subedge, in Gloucestershire; or furnish any
+particulars of his life before he became gentleman of the bedchamber to
+Prince Charles?
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Sathaniel._--Can any of your correspondents inform me in what book, play,
+poem, or novel, a character named Sathaniel appears? There is a rather
+common picture bearing that title; it represents a dark young lady, in
+Eastern dishabille, with a turban on her head, reclining on a
+many-cushioned divan, and holding up a jewel in one hand. I have seen the
+picture so often, that my curiosity as to the origin of the subject has
+been completely aroused; and I have never yet found any one able to satisfy
+it.
+
+F. T. C.
+
+_The Scoute Generall._--I have in my possession a small 4to. MS. of 32
+pages, entitled _The Scoute Generall_, "communicating (impartially) the
+martiall affaires and great occurrences of the grand councell (assembled in
+the lowest House of Parliament) unto all kingdomes, by rebellion united in
+a covenant," &c., which is throughout written in verse, and particularly
+satirical against the Roundheads of the period (1646), and remarkable for
+the following prognostication of the death of the unfortunate monarch
+Charles I.:
+
+ "Roundheads bragge not, since 'tis an old decree,
+  In time to come from chaines wee should be free:
+  Traytors shall rule, Injustice then shall sway,
+  Subjects and nephewes shall their king betray;
+  And he himselfe, O most unhappy fate!
+  For kings' examples, kingdomes imitate:
+  What he maintain'd, I know it was not good,
+  Brought in by force, and out shall goe by blood," &c.
+
+It occupies about thirty lines more. At the bottom of the title, and at the
+conclusion of the postscript, it has merely the initials S. D. Could any of
+your worthy correspondents inform me who S. D. was?
+
+The MS. is evidently cotemporary, and, according to the introduction, was
+"ordered to be forthwith published, [MDCXLVI in apostrophus form].;" and as
+I cannot trace that such a production was ever issued, the answer would
+confer a favour on
+
+C. HAMILTON.
+
+City Road, April 1. 1851.
+
+_Arthur Pomeroy, Dean of Cork._--Can any one of your genealogical readers
+assist me in ascertaining the parentage of Arthur Pomeroy, who was made
+Dean of Cork in 1672? He was fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in which
+university he graduated as A.B. in 1660, M.A. in 1664, and S.T.P. in 1676.
+He is stated in Archdale's edition of Lodge's _Peerage of Ireland_ (article
+"Harberton") to have sprung from the Pomeroys of Ingsdon in Devonshire, and
+is stated to have gone to Ireland as chaplain to the Earl of Essex, Lord
+Lieutenant.
+
+J. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Civil War Tract._--
+
+    "A Letter sent from a worthy Divine, to the Right Honourable the Lord
+    Mayor of the City of London. Being a true relation of the battaile
+    fought betweene His Majesty and his Excellence the Earle of Essex. From
+    Warwicke Castle, the 24. of October, 1642, at two a clock in the
+    morning. Together with a Prayer for the happy uniting of the King and
+    parliament, fit to be used by all good Christians, daily in their
+    houses. London, Octob. 27. Printed for Robert Wood. 1642."
+
+The above is the title of a tract now in my possession. Is it known to any
+collector of tracts relating to the Battle of Edgehill? Who was the "worthy
+divine," the writer?
+
+P. Q.
+
+    [On the title-page of this tract among the King's pamphlets in the
+    British Museum, the name of Mr. Bifield has been written. No doubt it
+    is the production of the Rev. Adoniram Byfield, chaplain to Col.
+    Cholmondeley's regiment, in the army of the Earl of Essex in 1642, and
+    who was subsequently one of the scribes to the Assembly of Divines, and
+    a most zealous Covenanter. See Wood's _Athenæ_, by Bliss, vol. iii. p.
+    670.]
+
+_Trisection of the Circle._--Has the problem of the trisection of the angle
+been solved? or, if not, is there any reward for its solution; and what
+steps should be taken to obtain it?
+
+JOHN VINCENT LYSTER.
+
+    [The problem of the trisection of the angle by aid of the straight line
+    and circle, used as in Euclid, has never been solved--no reward was
+    ever offered for its solution.]
+
+_Wolsey's Son._--Can any of your readers give an account of a son of
+Cardinal Wolsey, whose existence is recorded in a letter from Eustace {304}
+Chapuys to the Emperor Charles V., October 25, 1529, in the following
+words:--
+
+    "The cardinal has now retired with a very small train to a place about
+    ten miles hence. A son of his has been sent for from Paris, who was
+    there following his studies, and of whom I have formerly made some
+    mention to your Majesty"--_Correspondence of Charles V._, p. 291.
+
+Cardinal Beaton had lots of bastards, but I never remember to have seen in
+any account of Wolsey mention made of natural children.
+
+J. M.
+
+    [The existence of a natural son of Cardinal Wolsey is a _fact_ as well
+    ascertained as any other _fact_ of the Cardinal's history, and referred
+    to in the various biographies of him that have appeared. His name was
+    Thomas Winter. In Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, vol. xxxii. pp.
+    255. and 256. _note_, reference is made to a Bull of Pope Julius II.,
+    dated August, 1508, to be found in Kennet's MSS. in the British Museum,
+    in which he is styled, "dilecti filio Thomæ Wulcy," Rector of Lymington
+    diocese of Bath and Wells, Master of Arts, "_pro dispensatione ad
+    tertium incompatibile_." This is explained by the passage in Wood's
+    _Athenæ Oxon. Fasti_, part i. p. 73. (Bliss ed.), relating to him.
+    "This Tho. Winter, who was nephew (or rather nat. son) to Cardinal Tho.
+    Wolsey, had several dignities confer'd upon him before he was of age,
+    by the means of the said Cardinal," viz. the archedeaconry of York,
+    1523; chancellorship of the church of Sarum; the deanery of Wells,
+    1525; the provostship of Beverly; and the archdeaconry of Richmond,
+    &c.: on which there is a note by Baker, that "this Tho. Winter is said
+    to have held of the church's goods clearly more than 2000 pds. per an."
+    Wood adds, that about the time of the Cardinal's fall, he gave up all
+    or most of his dignities, keeping only the archdeaconry of York, which
+    he resigned also in 1540. In Grove's _Life and Times of Cardinal
+    Wolsey_, vol. iv. p. 315., among the "Articles" against the Cardinal,
+    Article XXVII. expressly charges him, "that he took from his son Winter
+    his income of 2,700l. a-year, applied it to his own use, and gave him
+    only 200l. yearly to live on." A reference is made in Sir H. Ellis's
+    _Letters Illustrative of English History_, 2nd Series, vol. ii. p. 70.,
+    to a letter of Edmund Harvel to Dr. Starkey, dated from Venice, April
+    1535, in which the writer expresses his obligations to Mr. Winter, for
+    his "friendly mynde toward him," and begs him to return his thanks.
+
+    In Mr. Galt's _Life of Wolsey_ (Appendix IV. p. 424. of Bogue's
+    edition) will be found a copy of a letter from John Clusy to Cromwell,
+    in relation to a natural daughter of Wolsey's in the nunnery of
+    Shaftesbury.]
+
+_Cardinals and Abbots in the English Church._--It may not be generally
+known, but the fact is so, that the English church numbers two CARDINALS
+and a LORD ABBOT amongst her members. In Whitaker's _Clerical Diary_, under
+the head of London Diocese, there is attached to St. Paul's a senior and a
+junior cardinal; and in Ireland exists the exempt jurisdiction of Newry and
+Mourne, under the government of the Lord Abbot, who is the Earl of
+Kilmorey. Can any of your readers give me any information respecting these
+officials?
+
+W. J.
+
+    [_Cardinal._--The title of cardinal (_cardinalis_) in early times was
+    frequently applied to any bishop, priest, or deacon holding an official
+    post. In France there were many cardinal priests: thus, the curate of
+    the parish of St. John de Vignes is called, in old charters, the
+    cardinal priest of that parish. There were also cardinal deacons, who
+    had the charge of hospitals for the poor, and who ranked above the
+    other deacons. Thus, two of the minor canons of St. Paul's are called
+    _cardinals of the choir_, whose duties are to preserve order in Divine
+    service, administer the Eucharist, and officiate at funerals. In former
+    times, they heard confessions and enjoined penances. (Newcourt's
+    _Repertorium_, vol. i. p. 233.) It was not till the twelfth century
+    that the Sacred College of Cardinals was organised; nor was it till
+    1567 that clergymen were forbidden by Pius V. to assume the title of
+    cardinal unless appointed by the Pope.
+
+    _Lay Abbots._--In early times we frequently find secular persons
+    denominated "field abbots" and "abbot counts," upon whom the sovereign
+    had bestowed certain abbeys, for which they were obliged to render
+    military service, as for common fiefs. In the time of Charles the Bald
+    many of the nobility in France were abbots, having a dean to officiate
+    for them. Thus, too, in Scotland, James Stuart, the natural son of
+    James V., was, at the time of the Reformation, Prior of St. Andrew's,
+    although a secular person. The Earl of Kilmorey, who is impropriator of
+    the tithes of St. Mary, Newry, is a lay abbot, or representative of the
+    preceding abbots of a Cistertian Abbey which formerly existed in that
+    town. His abbatial functions, however, are confined to convening
+    ecclesiastical courts, and granting probates of wills, and licenses for
+    marriages, subject only to the metropolitan jurisdiction of the
+    Archbishop of Armagh. A remnant of the secularisation of ecclesiastical
+    dignities has already been noticed in our pages (Vol. ii., pp. 447.
+    500.), in the case of the late Duke of York, who was at the same time
+    Commander-in-chief and Bishop of Osnaburg.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 375.)
+
+Your correspondent J. MT. has great reason to congratulate himself on the
+possession of the singularly curious tract which he describes, and which
+gives an autobiography of this extraordinary adventurer. I am not aware of
+any other copy in any public or private collection. I have a 4to. tract in
+nineteen pages, evidently printed abroad, the title of which is--
+
+"Balthazar Gerbier, Knight,
+to
+All Men that love Truth."
+
+{305}
+
+This gives a very interesting life of him by himself, perfectly distinct
+from, and containing many particulars not given in the tract possessed by
+your correspondent, which also contains matter not in the above. I have
+likewise another tract, privately printed in Holland in English, French,
+and Dutch, in fifteen pages 12mo., the English title to which is--
+
+"A true Manifest,
+By S^r B. Gerbier.
+Anno
+1653."
+
+In this, which gives some curious particulars as to "Mr. Hughe Peeters,"
+and the book entitled _The Nonsuch Charles_, he refers to another "little
+manifest" published on the 2nd day of October, 1652, "that the world might
+take notice that he was not at all invested with any foreigne engagement."
+Of the tract so referred to, I regret to say no copy is known. None of the
+other three tracts appear to have been seen by Horace Walpole, who had
+collected a great number of Gerbier's pamphlets, and also the MS. next
+mentioned, which, at the Strawberry Hill sale, came together into my
+possession. The MS. contains the original appointments of Sir Balthazar to
+the offices he held while in England, a pedigree of his family beautifully
+emblazoned, and a large quantity of MS., prose and poetry, in his
+autograph; including a most extensive collection of projects and proposals,
+which seem to have been equally at the service of England or France. The
+best account we have of Gerbier is that which Horace Walpole has supplied
+in the _Anecdotes of Painting_ (see _Works_, vol. iii. p. 189.); but his
+diplomatic negotiations, and his career as an artist and adventurer, never
+forgetting his academy at Whitefriars and Bethnal Green, would furnish
+matter for a very amusing volume. The general biography, however, to which
+he would be most appropriately remitted, and which is still a desideratum
+in literature, is that which is proposed by Dr. Johnson, in Chalmers's
+admirable parody:
+
+    "I think a good book might be made of scoundrels. I would have a
+    _Biographia Flagitiosa_, the Lives of Eminent Scoundrels from the
+    earliest accounts to the present day."
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE TRAVELS OF BARON MUNCHAUSEN.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 519.; Vol. iii., p. 117.)
+
+Is not your correspondent J. ME. in error when he says the original travels
+of the Baron were written to ridicule Bruce? I think this will only apply
+to the second volume, or "Sequel," seeing that there exists an edition of
+_Gulliver Revived_, printed at Oxford, 1786, four years before Bruce
+published. J. ME. further remarks, that there was at one time reason to
+believe that James Graham was the author of the well-known book in
+question, but that circumstances have come to his knowledge altogether
+precluding the possibility that the author of _The Sabbath_ and _The
+Travels of Baron Munchausen_ are identical.
+
+To me it appears there were _two_ of these James Grahams, and that from
+their being contemporaries, they are usually rolled into one. I have in my
+library a volume containing _Wallace, a Tragedy_, Edinburgh, 1799; and
+_Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, an Historical Drama_, Edinburgh, 1801, which
+appears to have belonged to Mr. George Chalmers, upon the titles of which
+that gentleman has written, "by James Graham, Advocate, Edinburgh, son of
+T. Graham, a writer of reputation in Glasgow."
+
+From this one would think Mr. Chalmers had the author of _The Sabbath_ in
+his eye: a conclusion, however, difficult to come to in the face of a
+critique which thus characterises the tragedy of _Wallace_:
+
+    "The play is not uninteresting, and the author has exhibited occasional
+    proofs of poetical genius; but there are some passages in the piece
+    that fall little short of blasphemy:"
+
+--a charge which, of course, could never apply to this "lovable" and
+subsequently _reverend_ author of _The Sabbath_, a poem breathing the
+humblest piety, and published only five years after _Wallace_; consequently
+here is, in the author of the tragedy of _Wallace_, another James Graham at
+the service of J. ME., to whom, if his other proofs are strong, the Baron
+may be assigned with more probability.
+
+I may add, taking it for granted that Chalmers was right in claiming these
+two plays for a James Graham, that there is the strongest corroborative
+proof of there being two of the name in the existence of _Mary Stewart, a
+Dramatic Poem_, the acknowledged performance of the author of _The Sabbath_
+(see his _Poems_, 2 vols. 1809), a production differing in title, and
+bearing no resemblance, I should think, to the first named.
+
+While upon the subject, and presuming that the tragedy of _Wallace_ is
+known to J. ME., I may take the opportunity to ask him, as he is _ayont the
+Tweed_, whether there is really any authority for the assertion contained
+in the Abbotsford Library Catalogue, and also in that of Constable's
+Library, sold in 1817, that of this anonymous tragedy of _Wallace_ there
+were _only six copies printed_? Upon the face of mine there is nothing to
+indicate its rarity, it being an octavo, printed for A. Constable; but the
+remarkable book may be some other: your correspondents will, however, I
+dare say, be able to enlighten me.
+
+A COLLECTOR.
+
+_Baron Munchausen_ (Vol. ii., p. 519.).--As it was nearly thirty years
+since I had seen the _Percy Anecdotes_, I was obliged to speak doubtfully
+of {306} having derived from that work the statements that the author of
+_Munchausen_ was a Mr. "M----," and that he was a prisoner in France.
+Accident has within the last few days thrown in my way the very volume of
+the _Anecdotes_ in which this is stated (vol. v., _Anecdotes of Captivity_,
+p. 103.); and I find that I was mistaken only in supposing "M----'s" place
+of confinement to have been the Bastile, whereas the time is said to have
+been the Reign of Terror, and therefore of course the Bastile cannot have
+been the place.
+
+J. C. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Tobacco in the East_ (vol. ii., pp. 155. 231.).--M. D. asks for "chapter
+and verse" of A. C. M.'s reference to Sale's _Koran_ respecting tobacco.
+
+Had A. C. M. recollected that tobacco (_Nicotiana_) is an American plant,
+he would hardly have asked whether "_tobacco_ is the word in the original"
+of the tradition mentioned by Sale in his _Preliminary Discourse_, § 5. p.
+123. (4to. ed. 1734.) Happily Reland, whom Sale quotes (_Dissert.
+Miscell._, vol. ii. p. 280.), gives his authority, the learned orientalist,
+Dr. Sike, who received the Hadéth at Leghorn from Ibn Sáleh, a young
+Muselman. It says, in good Arabic, that in the latter days Moslims,
+undeserving of the name, shall drink hashish (hemp), and call it tabák; the
+last words, "_yukál lehn tabáku_," are no doubt a modern addition by those
+who had heard of _tambákó_ (the Romaic [Greek: tanpakon]). As the use of
+hashish or _hashishah_ (the herb), more completely _hashishata fukara_,
+i.e. Monk's Wort, a technical term for _hemp_, chewed as a narcotic by
+fakirs (monks), was not known till A.H. 608 (A.D. 1211), it could not be
+mentioned in the Koran unless Mohammed were, as Sale observes, "a prophet
+indeed." _Tabakak_, a plate, dish, or shelf, is now sometimes used by
+ignorant persons in the East for _tambákó_, of which a complete account is
+given in the _Karábádén_, or great treatise of Materia Medica in Persian.
+Of that work, there is a beautifully written copy, made, probably, for the
+late Mr. Colebrooke, by whom it was presented to the library of the Royal
+Asiatic Society. I shall conclude by another Query: What is the Greek word
+transformed by Asiatic scribes into _Karábádén_?
+
+ANATOLICUS.
+
+_Captain John Stevens_ (Vol. ii., p. 359.).--This ingenious man, as to whom
+your correspondent inquires, was one of the hard-working translators in the
+early part of the last century. The materials for his biography are very
+scanty. He was a Roman Catholic, and at the Revolution followed the
+fortunes of his abdicating master, in whose service he accepted a
+commission, and accompanied him in the wars in Ireland. He was also
+employed in several other services, and died October 27, 1726. See
+_Biographia Dramatica_, vol. i. p. 691., edit. 1812. He is not noticed in
+Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, though as the continuator of
+Dugdale's _Monasticon_ he unquestionably ought to have been. Watt gives a
+list (_Bib. Brit._, vol. i. p. 880.) of his books and translations; but it
+is, as usual, very defective and erroneous. It does not include his
+translation of _Don Quixote_, of _Dupin_, of _An Evening's Intrigue_ (1707,
+8vo.), and a great number of other works; and it ascribes to him the
+_History of the Wars of Charles XII., King of Sweden_, London, 1715, which
+was written, as it needs no great sagacity to discover, by Daniel Defoe,
+though Chalmers and Wilson have not noticed it.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_MS. Catalogue of Norman Nobility_ (Vol. iii., p. 266.).--The MS. Catalogue
+of Norman Nobility referred to in No. 75., a document of great value, is or
+was in the possession of Sir William Betham, having been purchased by him
+about six years ago, from Mr. Boone, of New Bond Street.
+
+Your correspondent will find that Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Earl
+Ranulph the 1st in the barony of Wigton in Cumberland, in which he was
+confirmed by Henry I. Bigod, whose name was attached to the charter of
+foundation of St. Werburg's Abbey, is elsewhere, according to Ormerod,
+called Robert.
+
+M. J. T.
+
+_Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III._ (Vol. iii., p. 258.).--
+
+ "_Fro Venus_ VALANUS _might this palais see._"
+             (or) volant
+  ? Might Venus, _volans_ fro this palais, see.
+                 (flying)
+
+[Greek: Phôs].
+
+_Comets_ (Vol. iii., pp. 223. 253.).--If your correspondent S. P. O. R.
+wish to go fully into the history of comets, and be not alarmed at the
+prospect of three thick folios, through which I have gone, I can assure
+him, with considerable interest, let me recommend to him _Theatrum
+Cometicum, Auctore Stanislao Lubienietz Lubieniecio Rolitsio_, Amst., in 2
+vols. (but generally bound in three) folio. The first contains an immense
+correspondence, not merely with astronomers, but with poets, critics,
+physicians, and philosophers, to whom the indefatigable editor wrote for
+their opinions on the subject of comets. The second vol. gives a history of
+comets from the Deluge to 1665, and is a repository of everything bearing
+upon the subject. From this work Bayle derived his learning, when he wrote
+his most amusing work on comets.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_Pope Joan_ (Vol. iii., p. 265.).--NEMO will find much information on the
+question, "Whether Pope Joan ever held the keys of St. Peter?" in Alexander
+Cooke's _Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist; manifestly proving
+that a Woman_ {307} _called Joane was Pope of Rome: against the surmises
+and objections made to the contrary by Robert Bellarmini and Cæsar
+Baronius, Cardinals, Florimondus Ræmondus, and other Popish Writers,
+impudently denying the same_, 4to, pp. 128, 1610. The work was dedicated to
+the Archbishop of York, and was reprinted in 1625 in 4to., and in French,
+1633, 8vo. The author, in his address _To the Popish Reader_, says:
+
+    "_I offer unto thee here a discourse touching_ POPE JOANE _(if thou
+    darest read it, for fear of falling into thy Pope's curse), whose
+    Popedome I will make good unto thee, not by the testimonies of_
+    Pantaleon, _and_ Functius, _and_ Sleidan, _and_ Illyricus, _and_
+    Constantinus Phrygio, _and_ John Bale, _and_ Robert Barnes, _because
+    thou hast condemned their persons, and their books too, to hell; but by
+    the testimonies of thy brethren, the sonnes of thine own mother;
+    because, as one saith_, 'Amici contra amicum, et inimici pro inimico,
+    invincibile testimonium est.'"
+
+E. C. HARINGTON.
+
+The Close, Exeter.
+
+_Abbot Eustacius_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--As J. L.'s inquiry after an abbot
+of that name has hitherto been unsuccessful, perhaps he would like to know
+that Eustacia was abbess of the monastery at Shaftesbury (founded by King
+Alfred), tempore incerto, but probably in the time of Stephen. See Willis's
+_History of Abbeys_, and a _History of the Ancient Town of Shaftesbury_, p.
+21.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_The Vellum-bound Junius_ (Vol. iii., p. 262.).--In the Minor Queries of
+your Number 75., you have kindly inserted my notice on the vellum-bound
+_Junius_. I beg to state further, that the reason of my being so desirous
+to procure this copy at the Stowe sale was, that it was not only bound in
+vellum, but was also _printed_ on that article. If any of your
+correspondents can inform me of another copy _printed_ on vellum, I should
+be glad.
+
+W. D. HAGGARD.
+
+Bank of England, April 5, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Waste-Book_ (Vol. iii., pp. 118. 195. 251.).--Among a list of
+"the books printed for, and are to be sold by John Hancock, at the sign of
+the Three Bibles in Pope's-head Alley, in Cornhill," I find _The Absolute
+Accountant, or London Merchant_, containing instructions and directions for
+the methodical keeping of merchant's accounts, after the most exact and
+concise way of debtor and creditor; also a _Memorial_, vulgarly called a
+waste-book, and a cash-book, with a journal and a ledger, &c., 1670. This
+is the first reference I have seen to the correct designation of the book,
+which might have received it vulgar name of _waste_ from wast, the second
+person of _was_--thus the Memorial or the Wast-book.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Cowdray_ (Vol. iii., p. 194.).--There is a misprint here of _Eastbourne_
+for _Easebourne_. There is a curious note on Cowdray, and the superstition
+attached to it, in Croker's _Boswell_, p. 711. 8vo. edit.
+
+C.
+
+_Solemnisation of Matrimony_ (Vol. ii., p. 464.).--A. A. will find, from
+Blackstone's _Commentaries_, vol. ii. p. 135., that in feudal times a
+husband had the power of protecting his lands from the wife's claim to
+dower, by endowing her, _ad ostium Ecclesiæ_, with specific estates to the
+exclusion of others; or, if he had no lands at the time of the marriage, by
+an endowment in goods, chattels, or money. When special endowments were
+thus made, the husband, after affiance made and troth plighted, used to
+declare with what specific lands he meant to endow his wife ("_quod dotat
+eam de tali manerio_," &c.); and therefore, in the old York ritual (_Seld.
+Ux. Hebr._ l. ii. c. 27.) there is at this part of the matrimonial service
+the following rubric--"_Sacerdos interroget dotem mulieris; et si terra ei
+in dotem detur, tunc dicatur psalmus iste_", &c. When the wife was endowed
+_generally_, the husband seems to have said "with all my lands and
+tenements I thee endow," and then they all became liable to her dower. When
+he endowed her with personalty only, he used to say, "with all my worldly
+goods (or, as the Salisbury ritual has it, "with all my worldly chattels")
+I thee endow," which entitled the wife to her thirds, or _pars
+rationabilis_, of his personal estate, which is provided for by Magna
+Charta, cap. 26. The meaning, therefore, of the words noticed in A. A.'s
+Query, if they can be said to have any meaning in the present state of the
+law, is simply that the wife's dower is to be general, and not specific,
+or, in other words, that she is to have her _pars rationabilis_ in _all_
+her husband's goods.
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke_ (Vol. iii., p. 262.).--Although
+J. H. M. has concluded that William Browne was not the author of this
+epitaph, because it is not to be found amongst his _Pastorals_, it would
+nevertheless appear that the lines are rightly attributed to him, if the
+following extract may be relied on:
+
+    "The well-known epitaph of the celebrated Countess of Pembroke, the
+    sister of Sir Philip Sidney, has been generally ascribed to Ben Jonson.
+    The first stanza is printed in Jonson's poems; but it is found in the
+    manuscript volume of poems by William Browne, the author of
+    _Britannia's Pastorals_, preserved in the Lansdown Collection, British
+    Museum, No. 777., and on this evidence may be fairly appropriated to
+    him, particularly as it is known that he was a great favourite with
+    William, Earl of Pembroke, son of the Countess."--_Relics of
+    Literature_: London, Boys, 1823, p. 60.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., pp. 11.
+151. 197. 225.).--Your correspondents seem to have overlooked the
+celebrated {308} letter of Queen Mary of Scotland, printed in the _State
+Trials_, and lately reprinted by Lord Campbell in his _Lives of the
+Chancellors_, tit. Sir C. Hatton. I may as well add (though I do not
+believe the fact) that my grandmother (herself a Devereux) repeated to me
+the tradition of a son of Queen Elizabeth's having been sent to Ireland.
+
+C.
+
+_The Tanthony_ (Vol. III., pp. 105. 229.).--I am obliged to A. for the
+trouble he has taken in reference to my Query; but perhaps I may be correct
+in my suggestion, for on looking into the second volume of the
+_Archæological Journal_ the other day, I accidentally found an account of
+the discovery of a figure of St. Anthony at Merthyr, near Truro, in which
+it is mentioned that
+
+    "Under the left arm appears to have passed a staff, and the pig, with
+    _a large bell_ attached to its neck, appears in front of the
+    figure."--P. 202.
+
+I shall be much obliged to anybody who will settle the point
+satisfactorily. The fair held on old St. Andrew's Day is always called in
+Kimbolton and the neighbourhood "Tandrew" fair, so why not "Tanthony" for
+"Saint Anthony?"
+
+ARUN.
+
+_The Hippopotamus_ (Vol. iii., p. 181.).--Your correspondent MR. E. S.
+TAYLOR will find in Vol. ii, p. 458, an example of the word [Greek:
+hippopotamos] cited from Lucian, a writer anterior both to Horapollo and
+Damascius. In the same page is a reference to the story of the wickedness
+of the hippopotamus in Plutarch; so that Horapollo and Damascius,
+doubtless, borrowed from a common source, or repeated a current fable, to
+be found in many writings then extant.
+
+L.
+
+_Tu Autem_ (Vol. iii., p. 265).--The words "Tu autem, Domine, miserere
+nostri," "But Thou, O Lord! have mercy upon us," were originally a form of
+prayer used by the preacher at the end of his discourse, as a supplication
+for pardon for any sinful pride or vainglory, into which he might have been
+betrayed in addressing his congregation. Hence the words "tu autem," as
+Pegge properly says, came to denote a hint to the reader to leave off.
+
+The custom is still in constant use among the members of the cathedral
+church of Durham. At the public dinners given by the canons, in what is
+there called "hospitality residence," one of the choristers comes in after
+dinner, dressed in his official costume, and, taking his station behind the
+canon in residence, reads, in the manner which is now well known as
+_intoning_, eight verses of the 119th Psalm, first saying, "Here beginneth
+the ---- part of the 119th Psalm."
+
+When the eight verses are concluded, the canon turns round to the
+chorister, saying "tu autem," giving him a shilling; to which the chorister
+replies, "Domine miserere nostri," and retires.
+
+The explanation of the words, as originally employed, is given by Rupertus
+_De Divinis Officiis_, lib. i. c. xiv.:
+
+    DE "TU AUTEM DOMINE."
+
+    "Quodque in fine dicit, 'Tu autem Domine miserere nostri,' hoc innuit,
+    ne ipsum quidem bonum officium prædicandi sine alicujus vel levis culpæ
+    pulvere possa pagi. Nam, ut ait B. Augustinus, 'Verbum prædicationis
+    securiùs auditur quàm dicitur. Prædicator quippe cùm benè dicere se
+    sentit, difficile nimis est ut non quantulumcunque spiritu elationis
+    tangat; et quia quasi per terram ambulat et pedes ejus pulvere
+    sordidantur, idcirco misericordiâ Dei indiget, ut in hâc parte lavetur,
+    etiamsi mundus sit totus.'"
+
+From this explanation it is plain, that the Monk of St. Albans, writing to
+the abbot--
+
+ "Si vis, veniam; Sin autem, tu autem,"
+
+would be understood to express--
+
+    "If you wish, I will come; but if otherwise, there is an end of the
+    matter."
+
+T. C.
+
+Durham, April 8. 1851.
+
+_Places called Purgatory_ (Vol. iii., p. 241.).--There is a farm-house
+still called "Purgatory," about two miles south of Durham, east of the
+London road, and close to the left bank of the river Wear. The farm is part
+of the estate of a highly respectable family, which has, I believe, always
+been Roman Catholic. No reason for the name is known in the neighbourhood.
+
+T. C.
+
+Durham, April 8. 1851.
+
+_Swearing by Swans, &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 392.; Vol. iii., pp. 70. 192.).--In
+addition to what has already appeared on this subject, the following
+extract from Tyrwhitt's _Glossary to Chaucer_ will, I hope, be acceptable.
+
+    "Ale and Bred. This oath of Sire Thopas on ale and bred was perhaps
+    intended to ridicule the solemn vows, which were frequently made in the
+    days of chivalrie, to a peacock, a pheasant, or some other _noble
+    bird_."--See M. de Sainte Palaye, _Sur l'anc. Cheval._, Mem. iii^{me}.
+
+This practice is alluded to in "Dunbar's Wish that the King were Johne
+Thomsonnis man" (MS. Maitland, st. v.):
+
+ "I would gif all that ever I have
+  To that condition, so God me saif,
+  That ye had VOWIT TO THE SWAN
+  Ane yeir to be John Thomsonnis man."
+
+And so in the _Prol. to the Contin. of the Canterb. T._, ver. 452., the
+Hosteler says:
+
+    "I MAKE A VOWE TO THE PECOCK, ther shall wake a foule mist."
+
+The instance given in Vol. iii., p. 192., is recorded by Monstrelet, _Hist.
+de France, Charles VII._
+
+T. J.
+
+_Edmund Prideaux and the Post-office_ (Vol. iii., pp. 186. 266.).--In a MS.
+on parchment, now {309} before me, are contained entries of the dates of
+the various letters patent and grants connected with the post-office, to
+the latter end of the reign of Charles I., and the names of the persons to
+whom the grants were made. The earliest date is the 37th of Henry VIII.,
+and the last the 13th of Charles I. If an extract from the MS., which gives
+a similar index to the appointments in the Courts of Law, the Customs, the
+Forests, and a great variety of other offices, will assist your
+correspondent, I shall be happy to supply it. I may notice, what seems to
+have been overlooked by your two correspondents who have replied to the
+inquiry, that some account of Prideaux is given by Wood (Vid. _Fast._ vol.
+i. p. 424., edit. Bliss), from which it appears that he was M.A. of
+Cambridge, Member of the Inner Temple, Member of Parliament for Lyme in
+Dorsetshire, and Recorder of Exeter; and that his death took place on the
+19th Aug., 1659 (misprinted 1569 in this edit.), and that--
+
+    "From his employments gaining a vast estate, he left at the time of his
+    death an incredible mass of gold (as the credible report then went),
+    besides lands of very great demesnes."
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Small Words and "Low" Words_ (Vol. ii., pp. 305. 349. 377.).--Apropos to
+Pope's use of "low words," in the sense of _short_ words, conf. Boileau,
+satire iv. 97. 8.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ "Lui faisant voir ses vers et sans force et sans graces,
+  Montés sur deux grands mots, comme sur deux échasses."
+
+On which one of his commentators makes the following note:
+
+    "Boileau, pour se moquer des mots gigantesques, citoit ordinairement ce
+    vers de Chapelain:
+
+     'De ce sourcilleux roc l'inébranlable cime.'
+
+    Et il disposoit ce vers comme il est ici à côté. Dans cette disposition
+    il semble que le mot 'roc' soit monté sur deux échasses.'
+
+I commend to [Phi].'s attention this instance of a "low" word supported on
+two "high" ones.
+
+K. I. P. B. T.
+
+_Lord Howard of Effingham_ (Vol. iii., pp. 185. 244.).--It has been
+supposed that the Earl of Nottingham was a Catholic, and having held office
+in the reign of Queen Mary, he probably was so at that time; but he
+certainly was a Protestant during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and in the
+beginning of James I. was at the head of a commission to discover and expel
+all Catholic priests. (Vide _Memorials of the Howard Family_.)
+
+R. R. M.
+
+_Obeahism.--Ventriloquism_ (Vol. iii., pp. 59. 149.).--T. H. will find, in
+the authorities given below, that Obeahism is not only a rite, but a
+religion, or rather superstition, viz. _Serpent-worship_. _Modern Universal
+History_, fol. vol. vi. p. 600.; 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 411.; which is indebted
+for its information to the works of De Marchais, Barbot, Atkyns, and
+Bosman: the last of which may be seen in Pinkerton's _Collection_, vol.
+xvi., and a review of it in _Acta Eruditor._, Lips. 1705, p. 265., under
+the form of an "Essay on Guinea." In Astely's _Collection of Voyages_,
+there is an account compiled from every authority then known, and a very
+interesting description of the rites and ceremonies connected with this
+superstition. According to the same authors, the influence of the Obeist
+does not depend on the exercise of any art or natural magic, but on the
+apprehensions of evil infused into his victim's mind. See also Lewis's
+_Journal of a Residence among the Negroes in the West Indies_.
+
+The following references will furnish a reply at once to two Queries; to
+that here noticed, and to that on "Ventriloquism" (Vol. ii., p. 88.).
+
+The name of the sacred serpent, which in the ancient language of Canaan was
+variously pronounced, was derived from "ob" (inflare), perhaps from his
+peculiarity of inflation when irritated. See Bryant's _Analysis_, vol. i.;
+Deane's _Worship of the Serpent_, p. 80. From a notion of the mysterious
+inflation produced by the presence of the divine spirit, those who had the
+spirit of Ob, or Python, received the names of Ob, or Pythia; according to
+the not unusual custom for the priest or priestess of any god to take the
+name of the deity they served. See Selden, _De Dis Syris_, Synt. 1. c. 2.
+It is a curious coincidence, that as the Witch of Endor is called "Oub,"
+and the African sorceress "Obi," from the serpent-deity _Oub_, so the old
+English name of a witch, "hag," bears apparent relationship to the word
+_hak_, the ancient British name of a species of snake. In Yorkshire,
+according to Stukeley, they call snakes "hags" and "hag-worms," (Abury, p.
+32.).
+
+In the Breton language, _Belech_ is "Priest," and may similarly indicate a
+priest of Bel-the-Dragon.
+
+From the Hebrew _Ob_, the Greek [Greek: ophis] was probably derived; for
+the same word, in Hebrew, Arabic, and Greek, which denotes "divination"
+denotes a "serpent." "Nachash,"[4] "ilahat,"[5] "[Greek: oiônizesthai],"[6]
+have the same double signification as if the serpent were recognised as the
+grand inspirer of the heathen prophets. See Faber's _Horæ Mosaicæ_, vol. i.
+p. 98.
+
+The word "Ob" was translated by the LXX. [Greek: engastrimuthos], "a
+ventriloquist," in {310} accommodation to the received opinions respecting
+the Pythian priestess. See the Notes to Creech's _Lucretius_, book v.;
+Jones's (of Nayland) _Physiolog. Disquis._ p. 290. The deception practised
+by the Witch of Endor, and by the damsel mentioned in Acts xvi. 16., was of
+this description. See Wierus de _Præstig. Dæmon._ p. 203.; and Reginald
+Scot's _Discoverie of Witchcraft_, p. 148.
+
+The serpent, which with heathen mythologists had various acceptations (see
+Vossius, _Theologia Gent. et Physiologia Christ._), was also understood as
+a natural symbol or hieroglyphic of the air. Can any of your learned
+correspondents furnish materials illustrative of this figurative relation
+between the serpent and the elements?
+
+T. J.
+
+[Footnote 4: See Parkhurst.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Dickinson's _Delphi Phoenic._, p. 10.]
+
+[Footnote 6: Stillingfleet's _Orig. Sacræ_, book iii. c. iii. s. 18.]
+
+_Meaning of Peep_ (Vol. ii., p. 118.).--You have already told us the
+meaning of the word _peep_ in the phrase "Wizards that _peep_ and that
+mutter;" in confirmation I may add that the noise made by the queen bee in
+the hive previous to swarming is in Devonshire called _peeping_.
+
+J. M. (4.)
+
+_Venwell or Venville_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--_Venwell_ or _Venville_ appears
+to me to be a corruption of the word _fengfield_; and the meaning of it
+seems to be, that custom of delivering possession of land to a purchaser by
+cutting a piece of turf from the field bought, and delivering it into his
+hands.
+
+I well remember, when a boy, accompanying my father to receive possession
+of an outlying field, distant from the main estate which he had bought; the
+seller's agent, I think, came with us and cut a small piece of turf from
+the ground, and delivered it into my father's hands, saying (if I recollect
+right), "By this turf I deliver this field into your possession." By this
+means my father "_fenged_" (took) the "_field_" into his own hands, and
+became the legal proprietor of it.
+
+P.
+
+_Venville._--The peat or black earth of Dartmoor is still called _ven_ or
+_fen_. Is it not more probable that the adjoining parishes (or parts of
+them) are said to be in Venville or fengfield, from their being within the
+peat district, than that an abbreviation of a legal term, _fines
+villarum_--_fin. vil._, should become naturalised among the peasantry, as
+is the case with the word Venville?
+
+The second part of the word seems akin to the Scottish _fail_, "a turf, or
+that clod covered with grass cut off from the rest of the sward."
+(Jamieson.)
+
+K.
+
+_Hand-bells at Funerals_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.).--In the _Testamenta
+Eboracensia_, p. 163., Johannes Esten de Scardeburgh, le Ankersymth,
+bequeaths 2d.--
+
+    "Clerico ecclesiæ pro pulsacione campanarum, et le belman portand'
+    campanam per villam excitandum populum ad orandum."
+
+A hand-bell (as I am informed by a Roman Catholic gentleman) often precedes
+the Host, when carried in procession to the sick, &c., in order to clear
+the way, and remind passengers of the usual reverence paid at such times.
+
+B.
+
+Lincoln.
+
+_Shillings and Sixpences of George III._ (Vol. iii., p. 275.).--R. W. C.
+has fallen into a misconception in supposing that these coins present an
+erroneous spelling of the Latinized style of the monarch, whilst the
+contemporary crowns and half-crowns have the correct orthography. The
+spelling of the legend on the sixpences and shillings was intentional, and
+with a meaning, being inscribed in an abridged form--GEOR: III. D: G:
+BRITT: REX F: D:--the reduplication of the T was designed, after classical
+precedent, to represent the plural _Britanniarum_, i.e., Great Britain and
+Ireland.
+
+N.
+
+_Odour from the Rainbow_ (Vol. iii., p. 224.).--I hope that I have found
+JARLTZBERG'S note in the following lines:
+
+ "Like to that smell which oft our sense descries
+  Within a field which long unploughëd lies,
+  Somewhat before the setting of the sun;
+  And where the rainbow in the horizon
+  Doth pitch her tips; or as when in the prime,
+  The earth being troublëd with a drought long time,
+  The hand of heaven his spongy clouds doth strain,
+  And throws into her lap a shower of rain;
+  She sendeth up (conceivëd from the sun)
+  A sweet perfume and exhalation."
+      Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, Book i. Song 2.
+          [Clarke's Cabinet Series, 1845, p. 70.]
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+_Odour from the Rainbow._--The following stanzas are from a poem, called
+"The Blind Girl," in a publication by Pickering, 1845, of _Memorials of a
+Tour, and Miscellaneous Poems_, by Robert Snow, Esq. Lond., 1845:--
+
+ "Once in our porch whilst I was resting,
+    To hear the rain-drops in their mirth,
+  You said you saw the rainbow cresting
+    The heavens with colour, based on earth:
+
+  And I believe it fills the showers
+    With music; and when sweeter air
+  Than common breathes from briar-rose bowers,
+    Methinks, the Rainbow hath touched there."
+
+    [We have reason to believe that the idea was suggested to Mr. Snow
+    neither from Bacon's _Sylva_, nor from any of our English poets, but
+    from a Greek writer after the Christian era, referred to by Coleridge
+    in his _Table Talk_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Mr. Hepworth Dixon, who is already favourably known as the author of a
+_Life of Howard_, has just published _William Penn, an Historical
+Biography_. It is unquestionably a book of considerable talent; and even
+those who may be most inclined to dissent from the {311} author's views of
+the political principles of the Quakers (and we suspect many of the Quakers
+themselves will be found among that number), will admit that in treating
+him not as a mere Quaker, as preceding biographers had been too much
+disposed to do, but as "a great English historical character--the champion
+of the Jury Laws--the joint leader, with Algernon Sidney, of the
+Commonwealth men--the royal councillor of 1684-8--the courageous defender
+of Free Thought--the founder of Pennsylvania"--Mr. Dixon has succeeded in
+the task which he had proposed to himself, namely, that of transforming
+William Penn "from a myth into a man." His vindication of this great man
+from what he designates "The Macaulay Charges" would not, however, have
+lost one iota of its efficiency, had it been couched in somewhat more
+measured terms.
+
+Mr. Murray announces _The Grenville Papers; being the Private
+Correspondence of Richard Grenville Earl Temple, his brother George
+Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries_, as in the press. It will
+contain some letters from Junius, and Mr. Grenville's Diary, particularly
+during his premiership, from 1763 to 1765. The fifth and sixth volumes of
+Lord Mahon's _History of England from the Peace of Utrecht_ are also at
+press.
+
+Lady Theresa Lewis is nearly ready with a work which cannot but be of great
+interest. It is entitled _Lives of the Friends and Contemporaries of Lord
+Chancellor Clarendon, illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery; with an
+Account of the Origin of the Collection; and a descriptive Catalogue of the
+Pictures_. It will form two volumes, and be accompanied by illustrative
+portraits.
+
+Mr. Colburn announces a new library edition of Miss Strickland's _Lives of
+the Queens of England_. Although revised and considerably augmented by new
+materials which have been placed at Miss Strickland's disposal since the
+appearance of the earlier impressions of her book, this edition is to be
+comprised in eight monthly volumes.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Buried City of the East: Nineveh._ A popular view of
+the discovery of the remains of the great city, compiled principally from
+Botta, and illustrated with numerous woodcuts, affords information enough,
+perhaps, for those who may be unable to consult the stirring narrative of
+Layard himself, but must send to his pages a great number of readers, in
+whom it can only serve to waken a lively interest in this great triumph of
+individual perseverance.--_The Iliad of Homer, literally translated, with
+explanatory Notes_, by T. A. Buckley, B.A., is the new volume of Bohn's
+_Classical Library_; and the Editor expresses his hopes "that it will be
+found to convey, more accurately than any which has preceded it, the words
+and thoughts of the original." The work has obviously been executed with
+great care; and the notes, though brief, are to the point.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. XXI.
+of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street) Catalogue
+Part III. of Choice Useful and Curious Books, English and Foreign; and
+Catalogue of a singular Collection of 25,000 Ancient and Modern Tracts and
+Pamphlets, Part II.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  CLARE'S RURAL MUSE
+
+  PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522.
+
+  CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681.
+
+  BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices To Correspondents.
+
+_Among many articles of great interest which are in type, but unavoidably
+postponed until next Saturday, the fourth and last in the month, when we
+shall consequently publish a double number, are Shakspeare and Fletcher, by
+Mr. Hickson--Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IV.--Illustrations of
+Tennyson--Sallust and Tacitus--Haybands in Seals, by Mr. Lower, Mr. Burtt,
+and L. B. L.--North Side of Churchyards--Sir F. Kynaston's Academy, by Dr.
+Rimbault--and several very important communications on the proposed_
+MONUMENTARIUM ANGLICANUM.
+
+S. J. R. _is referred to our First Volume, p. 467., for information on the
+subject of May Marriages being unlucky_.
+
+AN OLD BOY. _We will do our best to follow the good advice so pleasantly
+given; but he has little knowledge of the difficulty of pleasing all--to
+say nothing of our editorial selves. For instance, in the case to which has
+has referred in our Second Volume, we have ascertained that the second
+article was in type before the one which precedes it had reached us._
+
+H. K. G. S. _Received with great regret. We believe we best consulted the
+respect due to our correspondent by the course we followed, as we are
+certain that we adopted it with the best intentions towards him._
+
+_We are this week compelled to go to press one day earlier than usual; we
+have to request the indulgence of our correspondents for the omission of
+our usual_ LIST OF REPLIES RECEIVED, _and for not replying until next week
+to several inquiries which have been addressed to us_.
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price
+9s. 6d. each_.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels_.
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In royal 8vo., with numerous illustrations, price 1l. 8s.
+
+THE ARCHÆOLOGY and PRE-HISTORIC ANNALS OF SCOTLAND. By DANIEL WILSON.
+
+    "Many reflections are suggested by this beautiful volume, which is one
+    of the most interesting, learned, and elegant works we have seen for a
+    long time. * * * We commend it to every reader of taste and
+    judgment."--_Westminster Review._
+
+SUTHERLAND and KNOX, Edinburgh: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, and CO.; and J. H.
+PARKER, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Valuable Library and MSS. Antiquities and Miscellaneous Objects.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 101, Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, April 23, and
+Three following Days, the LIBRARY of a Gentleman, consisting of Modern
+Useful Books, together with some articles of considerable Rarity, a First
+Edition of Cocker's Arithmetic (but one other known); numerous
+Bibliographical Works, important Collection of MSS., relating to
+Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, London, Lancashire, Somersetshire, Suffolk, and
+other Places; Charters, Epistolæ S. Paula MS. of the Tenth Century, &c.
+Catalogues will be sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{312}
+
+Just published, price 2s. 6d. in cloth,
+
+AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF SCRIPTURE NAMES, ACCENTED AND EXPLAINED; with
+Copious Illustrative Notes, and Introductory Observations on the Origin of
+Language and Proper Names, &c. By W. G. HIRD.
+
+Recommended by the Rev. Drs. Eadie, Forbes, Hannah, Hill, Acworth, and
+Godwin; Revs. Daniel Walton, W. Bird, J. D. Brocklehurst, T. Rowland,
+Jonathan Glyde, J. G. Miall, W. Cooke, &c. &c.
+
+London: HAMILTON, ADAMS, and CO.; SIMPKIN and MARSHALL. Edinburgh: OLIVER
+and BOYD. Glasgow: G. GALLIE. Manchester: FLETCHER and TUBBS. Bradford,
+Yorks.: DALE and BYLES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London.
+
+VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.
+
+Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting the
+policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as fully
+detailed in the prospectus.
+
+  A. SCRATCHLEY, M.A.,
+
+Actuary and Secretary; Author of "Industrial Investment and Emigration;
+being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building Societies, &c."
+Price 10s. 6d.
+
+London: J. W. PARKER, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary
+Remains.
+
+THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will be held at the Freemason's Tavern, Great
+Queen Street, on Friday the 2nd of May, at Four o'Clock precisely; the LORD
+BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.
+
+  WILLIAM J. THOMS, Secretary.
+
+The following are the Publications of the Society for the year 1850-1.
+
+I. A SELECTION FROM THE WILLS Preserved in the Will Office at Bury St.
+Edmund's. Edited by SAMUEL TYMMS, Esq.
+
+II. WALTER MAPES "DE NUGIS CURIALIUM." A Treatise on the Political Affairs
+of his Time, written in 1181. Edited by THOMAS WRIGHT, Esq., M.A.
+
+III. SIR RICHARD GUYLFORDE'S PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND, A.D. 1506. Edited
+from a copy believed to be unique from the press of Richard Pynson, by SIR
+HENRY ELLIS, K.H., Sec. S. A.
+
+The Subscription to the Society of 1l. per annum which becomes due on the
+1st of May.
+
+Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed
+to the Secretary; or to Messrs. NICHOLS, No. 25. Parliament Street,
+Westminster, by whom the Subscriptions of all Members resident in London
+are received.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXVI., is just published.
+
+          CONTENTS:
+  1. POULTRY LITERATURE.
+  2. WOMEN IN FRANCE--MADAME DE MAINTENON.
+  3. JULIUS CÆSAR--MERIVALE'S ROMAN HISTORY.
+  4. THE REPUBLIC IN THE KING'S COACHES.
+  5. SANITARY MOVEMENT--CENTRALIZATION.
+  6. LIVES OF CALVIN. By DYER, &c.
+  7. LORD HOLLAND'S REMINISCENCES.
+  8. LORD JOHN RUSSELL.
+
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albermarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DR. MAITLAND'S ERUVIN--SECOND EDITION.
+
+In small 8vo., price 5s. 6d.
+
+ERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE,
+HISTORY, and DESTINY of MAN.
+
+By the Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, D.D., F.R.S., and F.S.A.
+
+RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;
+
+  Of whom may be had, by the same Author,
+
+1. ESSAYS on the REFORMATION in ENGLAND. 15s.
+
+2. ESSAYS on the DARK AGES. Second Edition. 12s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ORIGINAL LETTERS ON THE CHURCH IN IRELAND.
+
+In post 8vo., price 10s. 6d.
+
+ORIGINAL LETTERS and PAPERS in ILLUSTRATION of the HISTORY of the CHURCH in
+IRELAND, during the Reigns of Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth.
+
+Edited, with Notes, from Autographs in the State-Paper Office,
+
+  By EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ., M.A.
+
+RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAPS AND ATLASES of the SOCIETY FOR THE DIFFUSION OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE,
+Published by C. Knight, 90. Fleet Street.
+
+ATLAS COMPLETE, with Index, 212 Maps, plain, in 1 vol., half morocco or
+russia, 6l. 7s. Coloured, 1 vol., half morocco or russia. 9l. 14s.
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+1s.; coloured, 1s. 6d.; bound in cloth, 3s.
+
+The whole of the Maps are corrected to the present time, and a Prospectus,
+with full particulars, will be forwarded post-free on application to the
+Publisher, 90. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, foolscap 8vo., cloth with Steel Engraving, price 4s. 6d.
+
+THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS and other Tales. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A New Edition, 24mo., price 5s., of
+
+KEMPIS DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI, et Contemptu Mundi, omniumque ejus vanitatum,
+Libri IV. Codex De Advocatis Seculi xiii. With Life by CHARLES BUTLER.
+
+WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A New Edition, 8vo., with Frontispiece, "Ecce Homo," engraved by Robinson,
+after a Painting by Guercino, 9s.,
+
+OF the IMITATION of JESUS CHRIST.
+
+Translated from the Latin original, ascribed to THOMAS À KEMPIS. By T. F.
+DIBDIN, D.D.
+
+WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New
+Street Square, in the parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 19, 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 300, "The duad represented the line" - original reads 'decad', making
+no sense in view of what follows. Duad (more likely to be misread than
+dyad) seems correct.
+
+page 302, "there is a striking story" - original reads 'strlking'.
+
+page 304, "a letter from Eustace Chapuys" - original reads 'Chaupys'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 77, April
+19, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 26897-8.txt or 26897-8.zip *****
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 77.
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 77, April 19, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 77, April 19, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26897]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 297 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page297"></a>{297}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 77.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 19. 1851.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Threepence.<br />Stamped Edition 4d.</b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Latin Drinking Song by Richard Braithwait, by S.&nbsp;W. Singer</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page297">297</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Strange Appearances in the Sky, by Rev. A. Gatty</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page298">298</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"After me the Deluge," by Douglas Jerrold</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page299">299</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Bishop Thornborough's Monument</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page299">299</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Notes:&mdash;King Richard III.&mdash;Shakspeare a thorough
+      Sailor&mdash;"A fellow-feeling." &amp;c.&mdash;Early Instances of the
+      Word "News"&mdash;Under the Rose</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page300">300</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Portraits of Spenser</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page301">301</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Vendace</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page301">301</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Minor Queries:&mdash;Ex Pede Herculem&mdash;"To-day we
+      purpose"&mdash;"God takes those soonest whom He loves the
+      best"&mdash;Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope &mdash;Whychcote of
+      St. John's&mdash;Meaning of Rechibus&mdash;Family of Queen Katherine
+      Parr&mdash;Skort&mdash;Religious Teaching in the German
+      Universities&mdash;Epigram by Dunbar&mdash;Endymion
+      Porter&mdash;Sathaniel&mdash;The Scoute Generall&mdash;Anthony
+      Pomeroy, Dean of Cork</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page302">302</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries Answered</span>:&mdash;Civil War
+      Tract&mdash;Trisection of the Circle&mdash;Wolsey's
+      Son&mdash;Cardinals and Abbots in the English Church</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page303">303</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Sir Balthazar Gerbier, by J. Crossley</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page304">304</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Travels of Baron Munchausen</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page305">305</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Tobacco in the East&mdash;Captain
+      John Stevens&mdash;MS. Catalogue of Norman
+      Nobility&mdash;Illustrations of Chaucer, No.
+      III.&mdash;Comets&mdash;Pope Joan&mdash;Abbot Euctacius&mdash;The
+      Vellum-bound Junius&mdash;Meaning of
+      Waste-book&mdash;Cowdray&mdash;Solemnisation of
+      Matrimony&mdash;Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke&mdash;Scandal
+      against Queen Elizabeth&mdash;The Tanthony&mdash;The Hippopotamus
+      &mdash;Tu autem&mdash;Places called purgatory&mdash;Swearing by
+      Swans, &amp;c.&mdash;Edmund Prideaux and the Post-office &mdash;Small
+      Words and "Low" Words&mdash;Lord Howard of Effingham&mdash;Obeahism,
+      &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page306">306</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page310">310</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page311">311</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page311">311</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page311">311</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>LATIN DRINKING SONG BY RICHARD BRAITHWAIT.</h3>
+
+  <p>I have been surprised, from the facility with which the author of
+  "Drunken Barnaby" seems to pour out his Leonine verse, that no other
+  productions of a similar character are known to have issued from his pen.
+  I am not aware that the following drinking song, which may fairly be
+  attributed to him, has ever appeared in print. It was evidently unknown
+  to the worthy Haslewood, the crowning glory of whose literary career was
+  the happy discovery of the author, Richard Braithwait. I transcribe it
+  from the MS. volume from which James Boswell first gave to the world
+  Shakspeare's verses "On the King." Southey has somewhere said that "the
+  best serious piece of Latin in modern metre is Sir Francis Kinaston's
+  <i>Amores Troili et Cressidæ</i>, a translation of the two first books of
+  Chaucer's Poem<a name="footnotetag1"
+  href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>; but it was reserved for
+  <i>famous</i> <span class="sc">Barnaby</span> to employ the barbarous
+  ornament of rhyme, so as to give thereby point and character to good
+  Latinity."</p>
+
+  <p>Southey does not seem to have known those remarkable productions of
+  the middle ages, which have been made accessible to us by the researches
+  of Docen, of Grimm, of Schmeller, and of Mr. Wright; and, above all, of
+  that exquisite gem, "De Phyllide et Flora," first printed by Docen<a
+  name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, and since given
+  by Mr. Wright in his collection of <i>Poems attributed to Walter de
+  Mapes</i>. We have, however, a much better text from the hand of Jacob
+  Grimm, in the <i>Memoirs of the Academy of Berlin for 1843</i>, p. 239.
+  Of this poem it is perhaps not exaggeration to say, that it is an Idyll
+  which would have done honour to the literature of any age or country; and
+  if it is the production of Walter de Mapes, we have reason to be proud of
+  it. It is a dispute between two maidens on the qualities of their lovers,
+  the one being a soldier, the other a priest. It breathes of the spring,
+  of nature, and of love:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Erant ambæ virgines et ambæ reginæ</p>
+      <p>Phyllis coma libera Flora comto crine,</p>
+      <p>Non sunt formæ virginum sed formæ divinæ,</p>
+      <p>Et respondent facies luci matutinæ.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Nec stirpe, nec facie, nec ornatu viles,</p>
+      <p>Et annos et animos habent juveniles</p>
+      <p>Sed sunt parum inpares, et parum hostiles</p>
+      <p>Nam hinc placet clericus illi vero miles."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p><!-- Page 298 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page298"></a>{298}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Love is called in to decide the dispute, and it causes no surprise to
+  find, after due ventilation of the cause, the judgment of the court to
+  be:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Secundum scientiam et secundum morem,</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Ad amorem clericum dicunt aptiorem</span>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Your readers who are not already acquainted with this interesting
+  picture of ancient manners will, I think, be pleased with having it
+  pointed out to their notice.</p>
+
+  <p>Should the following song not be already in print, I can also furnish
+  from the same source a version of the ballad on "Robin Goodfellow" by the
+  same hand, should it be acceptable.<a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"<span class="scac">CANTIO</span>.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"O Pampine! quo venisti?</p>
+      <p>Cur me spectas fronte tristi?</p>
+      <p>Tolle caput, sis jucundus,</p>
+      <p>Tolle poculum exue fundus,</p>
+      <p>Et salutem jam bibamus,</p>
+      <p>Ad sodales quos amamus;</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! tibi primum</p>
+      <p>Haustum summus hunc ad imum.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Ecce de christallo factum</p>
+      <p>Purum vas, et hoc intactum,</p>
+      <p>Lympha nunc et succo plenum,</p>
+      <p>Nec includit hoc venenum;</p>
+      <p>Medicamen quod repellit</p>
+      <p>Omnes malos, nec fefellit,</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! invito Momo,</p>
+      <p>Tibi, tu es meus homo.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Hic est sacer fons et flumen,</p>
+      <p>Quod qui potant vocant numen,</p>
+      <p>Iras pellit, demit lites,</p>
+      <p>Et superbos facit mites;</p>
+      <p>Et post flumen hoc te am&oelig;num</p>
+      <p>Annos reparare senum:</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! tibi habe,</p>
+      <p>Bibe si sis dignus tabe.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Hoc si tu gustabit nectar,</p>
+      <p>Si sis Paris fies Hector,</p>
+      <p>Iras demit inquietas,</p>
+      <p>In memento facit lætas;</p>
+      <p>Pro doloribus est solamen,</p>
+      <p>Pro pulicibus medicamen;</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! habe tibi,</p>
+      <p>Bibe tu cum ego bibi.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Hic est aqua vera fortis,</p>
+      <p>Vincula quæ solvet mortis,</p>
+      <p>Aut, si placet, aqua vitæ,</p>
+      <p>Roborans ab atra Dite:</p>
+      <p>Hinc sunt uti qui potestis</p>
+      <p>Omnia, cibus, potis, vestis;</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! tibi cito</p>
+      <p>Bibe, aut ab hinc abito.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Si frigistis, sine joco,</p>
+      <p>Solo hoc utare foco,</p>
+      <p>Si esuries hic sunt oves,</p>
+      <p>Pulli, vituli, et boves;</p>
+      <p>Quod si sitis ecce montem,</p>
+      <p>Quem si scandes habet fontem;</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! bibe rursus,</p>
+      <p>Bibe, tu nam venit cursus.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Si ægrotas sume potum,</p>
+      <p>Vis ut valeas tolle totum,</p>
+      <p>Cape potum hunc paratum,</p>
+      <p>Sanus eris,&mdash;est probatum;</p>
+      <p>Si in corpore aut in mente</p>
+      <p>Dolebant in quavis dente;</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! tibi statim</p>
+      <p>Sume potum hinc gradatim.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Bacche jam et jam Silene,</p>
+      <p>Pocula impleatis plene,</p>
+      <p>Ope jam adiutus vestra</p>
+      <p>Domum, feram e fenestra.</p>
+      <p>Ædes vertunt jam rotundæ,</p>
+      <p>Et succedant res secundæ:</p>
+      <p>O Pampine! tibi bibo,</p>
+      <p>Bibe, vale! ego abibo."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>Southey was not aware that the whole of Chaucer's Poem, and the
+  "Testament of Cressid," by Henryson, was translated by Kinaston and
+  accompanied by a copious commentary in English, but only exists in one
+  sole MS. The press of the Camden Society would be well employed on
+  it.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>In Baron von Aretin's <i>Beytrage zur Geschichte und Literatur</i>,
+  vol. vii. p. 301.; but the copy, though a good text, was defective at the
+  end.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>[We are sure we are only expressing the opinion of the majority of our
+  readers when we say it will be <i>most acceptable</i>.&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>STRANGE APPEARANCES IN THE SKY.</h3>
+
+  <p>Strange appearances in the sky have not been without their ominous
+  signification from the time that the greater and lesser lights were
+  placed there at the creation, to the rainbow after the Deluge; and onward
+  to the "star in the east" which announced our Saviour's birth, and the
+  "light from heaven" which accompanied St. Paul's conversion. But the
+  question is, whether there has since been any meaning in other like
+  celestial illuminations? Some historical credit is claimed for the fiery
+  sword, and armies fighting in the air, which preceded the siege of
+  Jerusalem: for the cross of the Emperor Constantine: for the bow about
+  the sun seen by Augustus Cæsar, when he took possession of the Roman
+  empire: and for stars, or other heavenly lights, which have seemed to
+  herald the births or deaths of illustrious personages. But are these
+  stories to be believed? and, if they are, where is the line of
+  credibility to be drawn? People cannot come together, and talk either on
+  this subject, or on that of ghosts, but every one "hath a revelation,
+  hath an interpretation." The poet, walking on the mountains, looked into
+  the sky, and</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The appearance, instantaneously disclosed,</p>
+      <p>Was of a mighty city&mdash;boldly say</p>
+      <p>A wilderness of building, sinking far,</p>
+      <p>And self-withdrawn, into a wondrous depth,</p>
+      <p>Far sinking into splendour&mdash;without end?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The two following extracts are from private letters now before me. The
+  first account was written in 1825 by a physician, still alive, and <!--
+  Page 299 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page299"></a>{299}</span>who
+  at the time read an account of what he had seen at a meeting of the
+  Plinian Society. He says,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I last evening read a paper upon an extraordinary appearance of
+  letters, formed by the clouds, seen by a Mr. T. and myself. We had also
+  with us two little boys, one nine, the other eleven years of age, who
+  were able to make out each letter equally with ourselves. These children
+  were at the time walking some distance behind us: but, upon their coming
+  up, and being shown the letters, they read them without having heard any
+  observation of ours respecting them. We saw them for about two minutes,
+  when they gradually changed their form&mdash;each letter changing its
+  perpendicular for a horizontal position, and at length the whole becoming
+  converted into that form of cloud denominated cirro-stratus. I will
+  endeavour to give you a faint idea of the appearance, by forming the
+  letters as well as my memory will enable me. I make no comment upon the
+  words themselves, as they are too extraordinary for observation of any
+  kind. It was upon the 12th of last month: several showers had fallen in
+  the course of the day, but the afternoon was fine. The time seven in the
+  evening. The letters were formed upon a fine blue surface, having no
+  other clouds near them, except very small ones, which tended much to
+  heighten the effect of the whole.</p>
+
+  <div class="figcenter" style="width:42%;">
+      <a href="images/77_006a.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/77_006a.png"
+      alt="(ETERNAL)" title="(ETERNAL)" /></a>
+    (ETERNAL)
+  </div>
+  <div class="figcenter" style="width:55%;">
+      <a href="images/77_006b.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/77_006b.png"
+      alt="(MILLENNIUM)" title="(MILLENNIUM)" /></a>
+    (MILLENNIUM)
+  </div>
+  <p>"You will observe several deficiencies in the letters of the first
+  word, viz. in the first 'E;' also in the 'N,' the second part being
+  short; and a slight defect in the letter 'A.' With respect to the second
+  word, the first six letters were very perfect: the others, with the
+  exception of the 'M,' mere strokes; but in number sufficient to make up
+  the word: and they had the appearance of having been perfect. I can
+  assure you they were anything but obscure, and required very little
+  stretch of the imagination. In the first word the letters were
+  equidistant and beautifully uniform. The second word was not quite
+  straight, being curved towards its termination. This appeared to me to
+  arise from the change of position which the letters were undergoing, as
+  before stated."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>My other extract is from a letter written in 1851. The scene to which
+  it refers is a sick chamber occupied by an octogenarian grandmother, who
+  is <i>in extremis</i>. Her daughter, who writes the account, is present,
+  together with a grandchild, who is nearly eleven years old. The nurse has
+  left the room.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We afterwards stood by poor grandmamma's fire, and then we sat at her
+  window to see the moon rise. There were many clouds about it, and
+  directly under it was the most marked figure of our Saviour on the cross.
+  The head was concealed in light, but the arms were outstretched, and the
+  body quite distinct. M. saw it too, and said, 'How appropriate, aunt, for
+  the beginning of Lent!' She has never alluded to it since, nor, of
+  course, have I; nor do I think any more of it, than that <i>there it
+  was</i>: and there is something happy in the fancy, at all events, for it
+  shone on her dying bed."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As you admit folk lore into "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," also well-attested anecdotes, although these may not
+  absolutely conduce to the advancement of learning or art, perhaps you
+  will receive this paper for the amusement of those who, like myself, feel
+  an interest in anything which takes us a little out of the <i>hardware
+  facts</i> of "the age we live in."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>"AFTER ME THE DELUGE."</h3>
+
+  <p>If stolen wisdom could be returned to its rightful authors, great,
+  indeed, would be the transfer of property. Prince Metternich is said to
+  be the sayer of "After me the Deluge." And yet the Prince took the saying
+  from the mouth of Madame Pompadour; and she took it&mdash;from whom? It
+  may be reasonably doubted that her brain originated it; for it was not an
+  order of brain that packs wisdom in few syllables.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"'After me the Deluge,' said Prince Metternich; a fine saying, but a
+  false prophecy we trust."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I quote this from an admirable paper in <i>The Times</i> of to-day
+  (April 10.) on the Crystal Palace, and quote the subscribed from an
+  <i>Essai sur la Marquise de Pompadour</i>, prefixed to the <i>Mémoires de
+  Madame du Hausset, Femme de Chambre de Madame Pompadour</i>, in
+  Barrière's <i>Bibliothèque des Mémoires</i>.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Madame de Pompadour, dans l'ivresse de la prospérité, répondit à
+  toutes les menaces de l'avenir par ces trois [<i>quatre</i>] mots, "<span
+  class="sc">Après nous, le Déluge</span>," qu'elle répétait souvent."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In this case, "Pompadour <i>v.</i> Metternich," surely a verdict must
+  be returned for the lady, unless Voltaire puts in a future claim.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Douglas Jerrold</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">West Lodge, Putney Common.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BISHOP THORNBOROUGH'S MONUMENT.</h3>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The writer of the following interesting communication does not appear
+  to be aware that he is obliging us and a correspondent D.&nbsp;Y., who had
+  asked (Vol. iii., p. 168.) for an explanation of the phrase <i>Denarius
+  Philosophorum</i>, in the Bishop's Monument.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>Our local antiquaries have long been puzzled by an inscription in the
+  Lady chapel of our cathedral. It stands on the monument of Bishop
+  Thornborough, and was prepared by himself fourteen years before his
+  decease in 1641, at the age of ninety-four. He was addicted to alchymy,
+  and published a book in 1621, entitled <span title="Lithotheôrikos" class="grk"
+  >&Lambda;&iota;&theta;&omicron;&theta;&epsilon;&omega;&rho;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>,
+  <i>sive</i>, <i>Nihil aliquid</i>, <i>omnia</i>, <i>&amp;c.</i> In the
+  course of some recent studies in the Pythagorean philosophy, my attention
+  was accidentally engaged by this <!-- Page 300 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page300"></a>{300}</span>inscription; and it at
+  once struck me that it was <i>thence</i> that the explanation was to be
+  derived. The epitaph is as follows: on one side,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Denarius Philosophorum, Dum Spiro, Spero."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>on the other,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In Uno, 2<sup>o</sup>. 3<sup>o</sup>. 4<sup>or</sup> 10. non Spirans
+  Spera<i>bo</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The latter letters are now effaced.</p>
+
+  <p>It is well known that the Pythagoreans found all the modes of space in
+  the relations of numbers.</p>
+
+  <p>The monad, or unit, was not only the <i>point</i> whence all extension
+  proceeds, but it further symbolised the First Principle, the origin of
+  all. The <span class="correction" title="Original reads `decad', making no sense in view of what follows. Duad (more likely to be misread than dyad) seems correct."
+  >duad</span> represented the line, as being bounded by two points or
+  monads. The triad stood for surface as length and width. The tetrad for
+  the perfect figure, the cube, length, depth, and width. The decad, or
+  denarius, indicated comprehensively all being, material and immaterial,
+  in the utmost perfection: hence the term <i>decas</i>, or
+  <i>denarius</i>, was used summarily for the whole science of numbers, as
+  in the title of Meursius's tract <i>De Denario Pythagorico</i>, which was
+  published four years after the date of the inscription, and when the
+  philosophy was attracting much attention among European scholars. To be
+  as concise as possible then, I presume that the old bishop intended that
+  the tomb on which his effigy lies was his access to that perfection of
+  existence which philosophers had designated by the <i>decas</i>, or
+  <i>denarius</i>. During the present life he was hoping for it, "Dum
+  Spiro, Spero."&mdash;On the other side: "In Him, who is the source, the
+  beginning, the middle, and the end of all existence and perfection (in
+  Uno, 2<sup>o</sup>. 3<sup>o</sup>. 4<sup>or</sup> 10. non Spirans
+  Sperabo), though I breathe no more, yet shall I hope."</p>
+
+  <p>Such is probably the meaning of his pious conceit, and I offer it as a
+  solution of what has long served for a riddle to the visitors of our
+  cathedral. Beyond this, your readers and myself may be equally
+  indifferent to such cabalistical quaintness. But let us treat it with
+  charity, as the devout consummation of an aged alchymist.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">O. F.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">College Green, Worcester, March, 1851.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>King Richard III.</i> (Vol. iii., p. 221.).&mdash;On the 14th May,
+  1491 (6 Henry VII.), one Master William Burton, the schoolmaster of St.
+  Leonard's Hospital, in the city of York, was accused before the
+  magistrates of having said that "King Richard was an hypocrite, a
+  <i>crocheback</i>, and buried in a dike like a dog." This circumstance is
+  recorded in a contemporary document of unquestionable authenticity (vide
+  extracts from <i>York Records in the Fifteenth Century</i>, p. 220.); and
+  must remove all doubt as to the fact of Richard's bodily deformity. The
+  conjecture of Dr. Wallis, quoted by G.&nbsp;F.&nbsp;G., can have no weight when
+  opposed by clear evidence that the word "crouchback," as a term of
+  reproach or contempt, was applied to King Richard within a few years
+  after his death, by one to whom his person must have been familiarly
+  known.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Delta;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shakespeare a thorough Sailor.</i>&mdash;Let me point attention to
+  a <i>genuine</i> nautical expression, in the use of which Shakespeare
+  shows himself <i>a thorough sailor</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The wind sits in the <i>shoulder</i> of your sail."&mdash;<i>Hamlet</i>, Act I. Sc. 3.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In a "fore and aft sail" of the present day, the "shoulder" is the
+  <i>foremost upper</i> corner, and the <i>last part of the canvass</i> on
+  which the wind fixes its influence when a vessel is "sailing by the
+  wind," or even "off the wind." The "veriest lout" in the "after-guard"
+  will appreciate the truthfulness and beauty of the metaphor.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"A fellow-feeling," &amp;c.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"A fellow-feeling makes one wondrous kind."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>This oft-quoted line is from Garrick's Epilogue on quitting the
+  stage.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&Gamma;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Early Instances of the World "News."</i>&mdash;Without the
+  slightest intention of re-opening the discussion as to whether the word
+  "newes" be of native growth or imported, I would beg leave to suggest as
+  a means of completing <i>its history</i>, that should any of the readers
+  of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," whose researches may lead
+  amongst the authorities of the <i>fifteenth</i> century, meet with
+  instances of the word in familiar use between <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1400 and <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1500,
+  they would notify the same.</p>
+
+  <p>The earliest date of its colloquial use as yet recorded in "<span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," is <span class="scac">A.D.</span>
+  1513: on the other hand, the word, so far as I am aware, is nowhere used
+  by Chaucer, although his near approach to it in the following lines is
+  very remarkable:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"There is right now come into the toune a gest,</p>
+      <p>A Greek espie, and telleth <i>newe things</i>,</p>
+      <p>For which I come to tell you newe tidings."&mdash;<i>Troilus and Creseide</i>, b. ii. 1113.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>After this, the transition to the word itself is so extremely easy,
+  that it could not be far distant.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. E. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Under the Rose.</i>&mdash;It may interest the inquirers into the
+  origin of this expression to know, that at Lullingston Castle in Kent,
+  the residence of Sir Percival Dyke, there is in the hall an old picture,
+  or painted carving (I forget which, as it is many years since I saw it),
+  of a rose, some two feet in diameter, surrounded by an inscription,
+  which, if I remember right, runs as follows, or nearly so:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Kentish true blue;</p>
+      <p>Take this as a token,</p>
+      <p>That what is said here</p>
+      <p>Under the rose is spoken."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It is now, or was when I saw it, in the hall of that <!-- Page 301
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page301"></a>{301}</span>ancient
+  mansion, but I believe had been brought from an old house in the
+  neighbourhood.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. Y.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>PORTRAITS OF SPENSER.</h3>
+
+  <p>The engraved portraits of Spenser differ so much from each other as to
+  throw doubts on their resemblance to the poet.</p>
+
+  <p>I have now before me the following:</p>
+
+  <p>1. That prefixed to Bell's edition, 1777, engraved by Cook from "an
+  original in Lord Chesterfield's collection."</p>
+
+  <p>2. Prefixed to an edition in one volume published by Spiers, 1840.</p>
+
+  <p>3. Prefixed to Moxon's edition, 1845.</p>
+
+  <p>We are not told from what paintings Nos. 2. and 3. are engraved, but
+  they resemble each other, and are somewhat like that in Bell's edition;
+  so I shall set these three down as forming one class of portraits. No. 2.
+  has, however, a curious inscription, <i>Edmund Spenser</i>, <i>obiit
+  1559</i>, which would lead us to reject it altogether, and look on it as
+  an imaginary likeness.</p>
+
+  <p>4. The portrait in Pickering's Aldine edition, 1839: this bears no
+  resemblance, either in costume or features, to those already mentioned;
+  but, if I mistake not, is like that in Todd's edition, published in
+  1805,&mdash;we may call these a second class.</p>
+
+  <p>An original portrait of Spenser is said to be in Lord Chesterfield's
+  collection; another in Duplin Castle, the seat of Lord Kinnoul (of this
+  there is a copy at Althorpe by Sir Henry Raeburn). Mr. Wright, in his
+  <i>Memorials of Cambridge</i>, mentions a portrait at Pembroke College,
+  "a copy by Wilson," but he does not say from what original: Mr. Craik, in
+  <i>Spenser and his Writings</i>, speaks of <i>two</i> as being in this
+  college.</p>
+
+  <p>The writer thinks he recollects a law-suit relative to a portrait of
+  the poet, which had been sold to the late Sir Robert Peel, and which was
+  stated to have come from Ireland. Perhaps some of your readers could give
+  information respecting this picture.</p>
+
+  <p>It is clear, if the first three are all from the Chesterfield
+  original, that this painting, and the one from which Mr. Pickering's is
+  taken, cannot both be portraits of Spenser. The object of this Query is
+  to ascertain, if possible, which engraving, or class of engravings,
+  resembles the poet.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. M. B.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE VENDACE.</h3>
+
+  <p>The very remarkable fish called the <i>Vendace</i> is to be found but
+  in one place in the three kingdoms,&mdash;the Castle Loch of Lochmaben, a
+  parish to the south of Dumfriesshire in Scotland. The Vendace, it is
+  said, derives its name from <i>Vendois</i> in France, and was brought to
+  this country by one of the James's. This, however, is mere conjecture,
+  and, from its habits, highly improbable&mdash;because <i>they die the
+  moment they are either touched or exposed to the air</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>According to Mr. Stewart (<i>Elements of Natural Hist.</i>), the
+  Vendace belongs to a species which he calls <i>Salmo albula</i>, or the
+  "Juvangis."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This species," he adds, "is found in Lochmaben in Scotland, and
+  <i>nowhere else</i>: it is said to have been carried thither from England
+  in the time of Robert the Bruce."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Mr. Stewart describes the fish, but from his description it is evident
+  he has never seen it. The following one is exact:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This beautiful fish measures from four to six inches in length, and
+  tapers gradually to the tail. When taken out of the water, it has a
+  bright silvery white appearance, with a slight tendency to a light blue
+  along the back and part of the sides. In size it resembles a small
+  herring or par, but particularly the former, not only in the mouth and
+  external appearance, but also in the anatomical structure. <i>Upon the
+  top of the head</i> there is a very distinct <i>shape of a heart</i>,
+  covered with a transparent substance of a brownish colour, resembling a
+  thin lamina of mica slate, <i>through which the brain is visible</i>.
+  This peculiar mark proves it to be as yet a distinct and undescribed
+  species. Nothing is ever found visible to the naked eye in the stomach of
+  the Vendace. They are extremely delicate, and are allowed to be the most
+  pleasing to the taste of all fish. The general mode of catching them is
+  with a net, as there is no instance known of their having been caught
+  either with bait or the artificial fly. The pike, with which this lake
+  abounds, is their greatest enemy. It has been frequently stated that no
+  fewer than fifteen distinct species of fish, fit for the table, have been
+  found in the Castle Loch."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Dr. Knox, sometime Lecturer upon Anatomy in Edinburgh, states:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That he has not only discovered the food of the Vendace, but actually
+  exhibited it before the Members of the Royal Society, and offers
+  suggestions for the stocking of the various lakes in Britain with this
+  exquisite fish; pointing out first the necessity of locating its natural
+  food, without which it cannot live."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Allowing, however, that some neighbouring lake could be covered with
+  some of these invisible and "incredibly minute entomostraceous animals,"
+  which the learned lecturer says constitute their food, we should still
+  find a difficulty in transferring the fish; as every attempt to do so,
+  though conducted with the greatest possible care and nicety, <i>has
+  failed</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>In the preceding account, I have followed the Rev. John Gardiner of
+  Lochmaben, who, in 1835, drew up an admirable account of his parish,
+  which is inserted in the statistical survey of the county.</p>
+
+  <p>The gentlemen of the county have formed a <!-- Page 302 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page302"></a>{302}</span><i>Vendace Club</i>,
+  which meets at Lochmaben annually on the 25th and 26th of July, when they
+  dine off the fish. I asked one of the members how long it had been in
+  existence, and he said about thirty years.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jarltzberg.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Ex Pede Herculem.</i>&mdash;I shall feel much obliged if any of
+  your correspondents or readers can inform me of the origin of the proverb
+  "Ex pede Herculem." In what classical author is it to be found? I have
+  looked in vain through <i>Erasmi Adagia</i> for it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. H.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>To-day we purpose.</i>"&mdash;Will any one be good enough to say
+  where these lines (quoted by Mr. Ruskin, <i>Modern Painters</i>, vol. ii.
+  p. 188.) are to be found:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"To-day we purpose, ay, this hour we mount</p>
+      <p>To spur three leagues towards the Apennine;</p>
+      <p>Come down, we pray thee, ere the hot sun count</p>
+      <p>His dewy rosary on the eglantine"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">G. N.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>God takes those soonest whom He loves the best.</i>"&mdash;Where
+  shall we find the origin of this expression, so frequently occurring on
+  tombstones in almost all parts of the country? Or how far back can it be
+  traced? The following, in Rainham church, Kent, is of the year 1626:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Here slepes my babe in silence, heauen's his rest,</p>
+      <p>For God takes soonest those he loueth best."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">T. H. K.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malew, Man.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope.</i>&mdash;At what period, and
+  in what author besides Veryard's <i>Tour in the Low Countries</i>, is the
+  story of two Quakers being imprisoned in the Lazzaretto in Rome, for
+  attempting to convert the Pope, to be found? Were they persons of any
+  standing in the Society?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. S. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Whychcote of St. John's.</i>&mdash;In one of the volumes published
+  under the foregoing title, in 1833, there is a <span class="correction"
+  title="Original reads `strlking'.">striking</span> story, evidently
+  fictitious in the main, but assuming, as an element of fact, the
+  remembered existence of a head-stone over a grave in the little
+  burial-ground, under the shadow of the venerable ruins of Tynemouth
+  Priory in Northumberland, containing the single word "Fanny." Does any
+  one of the Tyneside readers of the "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>" personally recollect the actual existence of such a
+  memorial? Is the <i>real name</i> of the author of the entertaining work
+  disclosed in any subsequent publication, or is it generally known?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of Rechibus, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;Among the rights claimed by
+  the Esturmys in Savernak forest, 8 Edw. III., occurs&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Et omnia placita de leporibus, rechibus, heymectis, tessonibus,
+  vulpibus, murilegis, et perdricibus:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>which I translate&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"And all pleas concerning hares, traps, hedgehogs, badgers, foxes,
+  wild-cats, and partridges:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>but I confess I have no confidence in some of these words, as the
+  glossaries in the British Museum Library fail to explain them. I
+  therefore solicit your courteous assistance.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Waylen.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Family of Queen Katherine Parr.</i>&mdash;The pedigree of the once
+  eminent family of Parr, as recorded in various printed
+  works&mdash;Dugdale, Nicholls, Burke, &amp;c., is far from being complete
+  or satisfactory. Could any one versed in the genealogy of the northern
+  counties supply any information on the following points?&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>I. The early descent.&mdash;Dugdale in his <i>Baronage</i>, commences
+  with Sir William Parr, who married Elizabeth De Ros, 1383; but he states
+  the family to have been previously "of knightly degree." A MS. pedigree
+  in the Herald's College also mentions Sir William as "descended from a
+  race of knights." Where is an account of this race to be found?</p>
+
+  <p>II. The separation between the two lines of Parr and Kendal.&mdash;Sir
+  Thomas Parr, father of Queen Katherine, died 1518, and his <i>Inq. p.
+  m.</i> states him to have held manors, messuages, lands, woods, and
+  rents, in Parr, Wigan, and Sutton. Ten years afterwards, 1528, Bryan Parr
+  was found by <i>Inq. p. m.</i> to have held the manor, messauges, woods,
+  lands, &amp;c. of Parr. How was Bryan related to Sir Thomas?</p>
+
+  <p>III. The descendant in the fourth degree of Bryan was Henry Parr, of
+  Parr, who was, according to a MS. in the college, aged twenty in 1621.
+  Had he any descendants?</p>
+
+  <p>If no positive information can be afforded, yet a clue to where it
+  might be sought for would oblige.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Genealogicus Lancastriensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Skort.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Or wily Cyppus that can wink and snort,</p>
+      <p>While his wife dallies on Mæcenas' skort."&mdash;Hall, <i>Satires</i>, Book iv. Sat. 1. (Whittingham's edition, 1824.)</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Of course the general meaning of these two verses is obvious enough.
+  But how is the latter to be read? Are we to read "dallies on," as one
+  word, <i>i.e.</i> keeps dallying, and "skort" (as a mere abbreviation of
+  the Latin "scortum") as nominative in apposition with "wife?" If so, the
+  verse is intelligible, though harsh enough even for Hall.</p>
+
+  <p>If not, the word "skort" must have some other meaning which I am
+  unacquainted with. I cannot find it at all in Halliwell, the only
+  authority I have at hand to refer to.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">K. I. P. B. T.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 303 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page303"></a>{303}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Religious Teaching in the German Universities.</i>&mdash;Will any
+  of your numerous readers direct me to any book or books containing
+  information on the <i>present state</i> of religion and religious
+  teaching in the German Universities?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Rovert.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Epigram by Dunbar&mdash;Endymion Porter.</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents supply the deficient verses in the following epigram,
+  addressed by Thomas Dunbar, keeper of the Ashmolean Museum from 1815 to
+  1822, to Miss Charlotte Ness, who required him to explain what was meant
+  by the terms <i>abstract</i> and <i>concrete?</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Say what is <i>abstract</i>, what <i>concrete</i>,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Their difference define?</p>
+      <p>They both in one fair person meet,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And that fair form is thine.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *</p>
+      <p>For when I lovely Charlotte view,</p>
+      <p class="i1">I then view loveli<i>ness</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Can any one substantiate the local tradition the Endymion Porter was
+  born at the manor-house of Aston Subedge, in Gloucestershire; or furnish
+  any particulars of his life before he became gentleman of the bedchamber
+  to Prince Charles?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Sathaniel.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents inform me in
+  what book, play, poem, or novel, a character named Sathaniel appears?
+  There is a rather common picture bearing that title; it represents a dark
+  young lady, in Eastern dishabille, with a turban on her head, reclining
+  on a many-cushioned divan, and holding up a jewel in one hand. I have
+  seen the picture so often, that my curiosity as to the origin of the
+  subject has been completely aroused; and I have never yet found any one
+  able to satisfy it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. T. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Scoute Generall.</i>&mdash;I have in my possession a small 4to.
+  MS. of 32 pages, entitled <i>The Scoute Generall</i>, "communicating
+  (impartially) the martiall affaires and great occurrences of the grand
+  councell (assembled in the lowest House of Parliament) unto all
+  kingdomes, by rebellion united in a covenant," &amp;c., which is
+  throughout written in verse, and particularly satirical against the
+  Roundheads of the period (1646), and remarkable for the following
+  prognostication of the death of the unfortunate monarch Charles I.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Roundheads bragge not, since 'tis an old decree,</p>
+      <p>In time to come from chaines wee should be free:</p>
+      <p>Traytors shall rule, Injustice then shall sway,</p>
+      <p>Subjects and nephewes shall their king betray;</p>
+      <p>And he himselfe, O most unhappy fate!</p>
+      <p>For kings' examples, kingdomes imitate:</p>
+      <p>What he maintain'd, I know it was not good,</p>
+      <p>Brought in by force, and out shall goe by blood," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It occupies about thirty lines more. At the bottom of the title, and
+  at the conclusion of the postscript, it has merely the initials S.&nbsp;D.
+  Could any of your worthy correspondents inform me who S.&nbsp;D. was?</p>
+
+  <p>The MS. is evidently cotemporary, and, according to the introduction,
+  was "ordered to be forthwith published, <a href="images/77_015.png"><img
+  src="images/77_015.png" class="middle" style="height:1.5ex" alt="MDCXLVI
+  in apostrophus form" /></a>.;" and as I cannot trace that such a
+  production was ever issued, the answer would confer a favour on</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Hamilton.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">City Road, April 1. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arthur Pomeroy, Dean of Cork.</i>&mdash;Can any one of your
+  genealogical readers assist me in ascertaining the parentage of Arthur
+  Pomeroy, who was made Dean of Cork in 1672? He was fellow of Trinity
+  College, Cambridge, in which university he graduated as A.B. in 1660,
+  M.A. in 1664, and S.T.P. in 1676. He is stated in Archdale's edition of
+  Lodge's <i>Peerage of Ireland</i> (article "Harberton") to have sprung
+  from the Pomeroys of Ingsdon in Devonshire, and is stated to have gone to
+  Ireland as chaplain to the Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. B.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries Answered.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Civil War Tract.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Letter sent from a worthy Divine, to the Right Honourable the Lord
+  Mayor of the City of London. Being a true relation of the battaile fought
+  betweene His Majesty and his Excellence the Earle of Essex. From Warwicke
+  Castle, the 24. of October, 1642, at two a clock in the morning. Together
+  with a Prayer for the happy uniting of the King and parliament, fit to be
+  used by all good Christians, daily in their houses. London, Octob. 27.
+  Printed for Robert Wood. 1642."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The above is the title of a tract now in my possession. Is it known to
+  any collector of tracts relating to the Battle of Edgehill? Who was the
+  "worthy divine," the writer?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. Q.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[On the title-page of this tract among the King's pamphlets in the
+  British Museum, the name of Mr. Bifield has been written. No doubt it is
+  the production of the Rev. Adoniram Byfield, chaplain to Col.
+  Cholmondeley's regiment, in the army of the Earl of Essex in 1642, and
+  who was subsequently one of the scribes to the Assembly of Divines, and a
+  most zealous Covenanter. See Wood's <i>Athenæ</i>, by Bliss, vol. iii. p.
+  670.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Trisection of the Circle.</i>&mdash;Has the problem of the
+  trisection of the angle been solved? or, if not, is there any reward for
+  its solution; and what steps should be taken to obtain it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Vincent Lyster.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The problem of the trisection of the angle by aid of the straight
+  line and circle, used as in Euclid, has never been solved&mdash;no reward
+  was ever offered for its solution.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Wolsey's Son.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers give an account of
+  a son of Cardinal Wolsey, whose existence is recorded in a letter from
+  Eustace <!-- Page 304 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page304"></a>{304}</span><span class="correction" title="Original reads `Chaupys'."
+  >Chapuys</span> to the Emperor Charles V., October 25, 1529, in the
+  following words:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The cardinal has now retired with a very small train to a place about
+  ten miles hence. A son of his has been sent for from Paris, who was there
+  following his studies, and of whom I have formerly made some mention to
+  your Majesty"&mdash;<i>Correspondence of Charles V.</i>, p. 291.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Cardinal Beaton had lots of bastards, but I never remember to have
+  seen in any account of Wolsey mention made of natural children.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The existence of a natural son of Cardinal Wolsey is a <i>fact</i> as
+  well ascertained as any other <i>fact</i> of the Cardinal's history, and
+  referred to in the various biographies of him that have appeared. His
+  name was Thomas Winter. In Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>,
+  vol. xxxii. pp. 255. and 256. <i>note</i>, reference is made to a Bull of
+  Pope Julius II., dated August, 1508, to be found in Kennet's MSS. in the
+  British Museum, in which he is styled, "dilecti filio Thomæ Wulcy,"
+  Rector of Lymington diocese of Bath and Wells, Master of Arts, "<i>pro
+  dispensatione ad tertium incompatibile</i>." This is explained by the
+  passage in Wood's <i>Athenæ Oxon. Fasti</i>, part i. p. 73. (Bliss ed.),
+  relating to him. "This Tho. Winter, who was nephew (or rather nat. son)
+  to Cardinal Tho. Wolsey, had several dignities confer'd upon him before
+  he was of age, by the means of the said Cardinal," viz. the archedeaconry
+  of York, 1523; chancellorship of the church of Sarum; the deanery of
+  Wells, 1525; the provostship of Beverly; and the archdeaconry of
+  Richmond, &amp;c.: on which there is a note by Baker, that "this Tho.
+  Winter is said to have held of the church's goods clearly more than 2000
+  pds. per an." Wood adds, that about the time of the Cardinal's fall, he
+  gave up all or most of his dignities, keeping only the archdeaconry of
+  York, which he resigned also in 1540. In Grove's <i>Life and Times of
+  Cardinal Wolsey</i>, vol. iv. p. 315., among the "Articles" against the
+  Cardinal, Article XXVII. expressly charges him, "that he took from his
+  son Winter his income of 2,700<i>l.</i> a-year, applied it to his own
+  use, and gave him only 200<i>l.</i> yearly to live on." A reference is
+  made in Sir H. Ellis's <i>Letters Illustrative of English History</i>,
+  2nd Series, vol. ii. p. 70., to a letter of Edmund Harvel to Dr. Starkey,
+  dated from Venice, April 1535, in which the writer expresses his
+  obligations to Mr. Winter, for his "friendly mynde toward him," and begs
+  him to return his thanks.</p>
+
+  <p>In Mr. Galt's <i>Life of Wolsey</i> (Appendix IV. p. 424. of Bogue's
+  edition) will be found a copy of a letter from John Clusy to Cromwell, in
+  relation to a natural daughter of Wolsey's in the nunnery of
+  Shaftesbury.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Cardinals and Abbots in the English Church.</i>&mdash;It may not be
+  generally known, but the fact is so, that the English church numbers two
+  <span class="sc">Cardinals</span> and a <span class="sc">Lord
+  Abbot</span> amongst her members. In Whitaker's <i>Clerical Diary</i>,
+  under the head of London Diocese, there is attached to St. Paul's a
+  senior and a junior cardinal; and in Ireland exists the exempt
+  jurisdiction of Newry and Mourne, under the government of the Lord Abbot,
+  who is the Earl of Kilmorey. Can any of your readers give me any
+  information respecting these officials?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. J.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[<i>Cardinal.</i>&mdash;The title of cardinal (<i>cardinalis</i>) in
+  early times was frequently applied to any bishop, priest, or deacon
+  holding an official post. In France there were many cardinal priests:
+  thus, the curate of the parish of St. John de Vignes is called, in old
+  charters, the cardinal priest of that parish. There were also cardinal
+  deacons, who had the charge of hospitals for the poor, and who ranked
+  above the other deacons. Thus, two of the minor canons of St. Paul's are
+  called <i>cardinals of the choir</i>, whose duties are to preserve order
+  in Divine service, administer the Eucharist, and officiate at funerals.
+  In former times, they heard confessions and enjoined penances.
+  (Newcourt's <i>Repertorium</i>, vol. i. p. 233.) It was not till the
+  twelfth century that the Sacred College of Cardinals was organised; nor
+  was it till 1567 that clergymen were forbidden by Pius V. to assume the
+  title of cardinal unless appointed by the Pope.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lay Abbots.</i>&mdash;In early times we frequently find secular
+  persons denominated "field abbots" and "abbot counts," upon whom the
+  sovereign had bestowed certain abbeys, for which they were obliged to
+  render military service, as for common fiefs. In the time of Charles the
+  Bald many of the nobility in France were abbots, having a dean to
+  officiate for them. Thus, too, in Scotland, James Stuart, the natural son
+  of James V., was, at the time of the Reformation, Prior of St. Andrew's,
+  although a secular person. The Earl of Kilmorey, who is impropriator of
+  the tithes of St. Mary, Newry, is a lay abbot, or representative of the
+  preceding abbots of a Cistertian Abbey which formerly existed in that
+  town. His abbatial functions, however, are confined to convening
+  ecclesiastical courts, and granting probates of wills, and licenses for
+  marriages, subject only to the metropolitan jurisdiction of the
+  Archbishop of Armagh. A remnant of the secularisation of ecclesiastical
+  dignities has already been noticed in our pages (Vol. ii., pp. 447.
+  500.), in the case of the late Duke of York, who was at the same time
+  Commander-in-chief and Bishop of Osnaburg.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 375.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">J. Mt.</span> has great reason to
+  congratulate himself on the possession of the singularly curious tract
+  which he describes, and which gives an autobiography of this
+  extraordinary adventurer. I am not aware of any other copy in any public
+  or private collection. I have a 4to. tract in nineteen pages, evidently
+  printed abroad, the title of which is&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"Balthazar Gerbier, Knight,<br />
+to<br />
+All Men that love Truth."</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 305 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page305"></a>{305}</span></p>
+
+  <p>This gives a very interesting life of him by himself, perfectly
+  distinct from, and containing many particulars not given in the tract
+  possessed by your correspondent, which also contains matter not in the
+  above. I have likewise another tract, privately printed in Holland in
+  English, French, and Dutch, in fifteen pages 12mo., the English title to
+  which is&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"A true Manifest,<br />
+By S<sup>r</sup> B. Gerbier.<br />
+Anno<br />
+1653."</p>
+
+  <p>In this, which gives some curious particulars as to "Mr. Hughe
+  Peeters," and the book entitled <i>The Nonsuch Charles</i>, he refers to
+  another "little manifest" published on the 2nd day of October, 1652,
+  "that the world might take notice that he was not at all invested with
+  any foreigne engagement." Of the tract so referred to, I regret to say no
+  copy is known. None of the other three tracts appear to have been seen by
+  Horace Walpole, who had collected a great number of Gerbier's pamphlets,
+  and also the MS. next mentioned, which, at the Strawberry Hill sale, came
+  together into my possession. The MS. contains the original appointments
+  of Sir Balthazar to the offices he held while in England, a pedigree of
+  his family beautifully emblazoned, and a large quantity of MS., prose and
+  poetry, in his autograph; including a most extensive collection of
+  projects and proposals, which seem to have been equally at the service of
+  England or France. The best account we have of Gerbier is that which
+  Horace Walpole has supplied in the <i>Anecdotes of Painting</i> (see
+  <i>Works</i>, vol. iii. p. 189.); but his diplomatic negotiations, and
+  his career as an artist and adventurer, never forgetting his academy at
+  Whitefriars and Bethnal Green, would furnish matter for a very amusing
+  volume. The general biography, however, to which he would be most
+  appropriately remitted, and which is still a desideratum in literature,
+  is that which is proposed by Dr. Johnson, in Chalmers's admirable
+  parody:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I think a good book might be made of scoundrels. I would have a
+  <i>Biographia Flagitiosa</i>, the Lives of Eminent Scoundrels from the
+  earliest accounts to the present day."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE TRAVELS OF BARON MUNCHAUSEN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ii., p. 519.; Vol. iii., p. 117.)</p>
+
+  <p>Is not your correspondent <span class="sc">J. Me.</span> in error when
+  he says the original travels of the Baron were written to ridicule Bruce?
+  I think this will only apply to the second volume, or "Sequel," seeing
+  that there exists an edition of <i>Gulliver Revived</i>, printed at
+  Oxford, 1786, four years before Bruce published. <span class="sc">J.
+  Me.</span> further remarks, that there was at one time reason to believe
+  that James Graham was the author of the well-known book in question, but
+  that circumstances have come to his knowledge altogether precluding the
+  possibility that the author of <i>The Sabbath</i> and <i>The Travels of
+  Baron Munchausen</i> are identical.</p>
+
+  <p>To me it appears there were <i>two</i> of these James Grahams, and
+  that from their being contemporaries, they are usually rolled into one. I
+  have in my library a volume containing <i>Wallace, a Tragedy</i>,
+  Edinburgh, 1799; and <i>Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, an Historical
+  Drama</i>, Edinburgh, 1801, which appears to have belonged to Mr. George
+  Chalmers, upon the titles of which that gentleman has written, "by James
+  Graham, Advocate, Edinburgh, son of T. Graham, a writer of reputation in
+  Glasgow."</p>
+
+  <p>From this one would think Mr. Chalmers had the author of <i>The
+  Sabbath</i> in his eye: a conclusion, however, difficult to come to in
+  the face of a critique which thus characterises the tragedy of
+  <i>Wallace</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The play is not uninteresting, and the author has exhibited
+  occasional proofs of poetical genius; but there are some passages in the
+  piece that fall little short of blasphemy:"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>&mdash;a charge which, of course, could never apply to this "lovable"
+  and subsequently <i>reverend</i> author of <i>The Sabbath</i>, a poem
+  breathing the humblest piety, and published only five years after
+  <i>Wallace</i>; consequently here is, in the author of the tragedy of
+  <i>Wallace</i>, another James Graham at the service of <span
+  class="sc">J. Me.</span>, to whom, if his other proofs are strong, the
+  Baron may be assigned with more probability.</p>
+
+  <p>I may add, taking it for granted that Chalmers was right in claiming
+  these two plays for a James Graham, that there is the strongest
+  corroborative proof of there being two of the name in the existence of
+  <i>Mary Stewart, a Dramatic Poem</i>, the acknowledged performance of the
+  author of <i>The Sabbath</i> (see his <i>Poems</i>, 2 vols. 1809), a
+  production differing in title, and bearing no resemblance, I should
+  think, to the first named.</p>
+
+  <p>While upon the subject, and presuming that the tragedy of
+  <i>Wallace</i> is known to <span class="sc">J. Me.</span>, I may take the
+  opportunity to ask him, as he is <i>ayont the Tweed</i>, whether there is
+  really any authority for the assertion contained in the Abbotsford
+  Library Catalogue, and also in that of Constable's Library, sold in 1817,
+  that of this anonymous tragedy of <i>Wallace</i> there were <i>only six
+  copies printed</i>? Upon the face of mine there is nothing to indicate
+  its rarity, it being an octavo, printed for A. Constable; but the
+  remarkable book may be some other: your correspondents will, however, I
+  dare say, be able to enlighten me.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Collector.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Baron Munchausen</i> (Vol. ii., p. 519.).&mdash;As it was nearly
+  thirty years since I had seen the <i>Percy Anecdotes</i>, I was obliged
+  to speak doubtfully of <!-- Page 306 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page306"></a>{306}</span>having derived from that work the
+  statements that the author of <i>Munchausen</i> was a Mr.
+  "M&mdash;&mdash;," and that he was a prisoner in France. Accident has
+  within the last few days thrown in my way the very volume of the
+  <i>Anecdotes</i> in which this is stated (vol. v., <i>Anecdotes of
+  Captivity</i>, p. 103.); and I find that I was mistaken only in supposing
+  "M&mdash;&mdash;'s" place of confinement to have been the Bastile,
+  whereas the time is said to have been the Reign of Terror, and therefore
+  of course the Bastile cannot have been the place.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. C. R.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Tobacco in the East</i> (vol. ii., pp. 155. 231.).&mdash;M.&nbsp;D. asks
+  for "chapter and verse" of A.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;M.'s reference to Sale's <i>Koran</i>
+  respecting tobacco.</p>
+
+  <p>Had A. C. M. recollected that tobacco (<i>Nicotiana</i>) is an
+  American plant, he would hardly have asked whether "<i>tobacco</i> is the
+  word in the original" of the tradition mentioned by Sale in his
+  <i>Preliminary Discourse</i>, § 5. p. 123. (4to. ed. 1734.) Happily
+  Reland, whom Sale quotes (<i>Dissert. Miscell.</i>, vol. ii. p. 280.),
+  gives his authority, the learned orientalist, Dr. Sike, who received the
+  Hadéth at Leghorn from Ibn Sáleh, a young Muselman. It says, in good
+  Arabic, that in the latter days Moslims, undeserving of the name, shall
+  drink hashish (hemp), and call it tabák; the last words, "<i>yukál lehn
+  tabáku</i>," are no doubt a modern addition by those who had heard of
+  <i>tambákó</i> (the Romaic <span title="tanpakon" class="grk"
+  >&tau;&alpha;&nu;&pi;&#x1F71;&kappa;&omicron;&nu;</span>). As the use of
+  hashish or <i>hashishah</i> (the herb), more completely <i>hashishata
+  fukara</i>, i.e. Monk's Wort, a technical term for <i>hemp</i>, chewed as
+  a narcotic by fakirs (monks), was not known till <span
+  class="scac">A.H.</span> 608 (<span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1211), it
+  could not be mentioned in the Koran unless Mohammed were, as Sale
+  observes, "a prophet indeed." <i>Tabakak</i>, a plate, dish, or shelf, is
+  now sometimes used by ignorant persons in the East for <i>tambákó</i>, of
+  which a complete account is given in the <i>Karábádén</i>, or great
+  treatise of Materia Medica in Persian. Of that work, there is a
+  beautifully written copy, made, probably, for the late Mr. Colebrooke, by
+  whom it was presented to the library of the Royal Asiatic Society. I
+  shall conclude by another Query: What is the Greek word transformed by
+  Asiatic scribes into <i>Karábádén</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anatolicus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Captain John Stevens</i> (Vol. ii., p. 359.).&mdash;This ingenious
+  man, as to whom your correspondent inquires, was one of the hard-working
+  translators in the early part of the last century. The materials for his
+  biography are very scanty. He was a Roman Catholic, and at the Revolution
+  followed the fortunes of his abdicating master, in whose service he
+  accepted a commission, and accompanied him in the wars in Ireland. He was
+  also employed in several other services, and died October 27, 1726. See
+  <i>Biographia Dramatica</i>, vol. i. p. 691., edit. 1812. He is not
+  noticed in Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>, though as the
+  continuator of Dugdale's <i>Monasticon</i> he unquestionably ought to
+  have been. Watt gives a list (<i>Bib. Brit.</i>, vol. i. p. 880.) of his
+  books and translations; but it is, as usual, very defective and
+  erroneous. It does not include his translation of <i>Don Quixote</i>, of
+  <i>Dupin</i>, of <i>An Evening's Intrigue</i> (1707, 8vo.), and a great
+  number of other works; and it ascribes to him the <i>History of the Wars
+  of Charles XII., King of Sweden</i>, London, 1715, which was written, as
+  it needs no great sagacity to discover, by Daniel Defoe, though Chalmers
+  and Wilson have not noticed it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>MS. Catalogue of Norman Nobility</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  266.).&mdash;The MS. Catalogue of Norman Nobility referred to in No. 75.,
+  a document of great value, is or was in the possession of Sir William
+  Betham, having been purchased by him about six years ago, from Mr. Boone,
+  of New Bond Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent will find that Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by
+  Earl Ranulph the 1st in the barony of Wigton in Cumberland, in which he
+  was confirmed by Henry I. Bigod, whose name was attached to the charter
+  of foundation of St. Werburg's Abbey, is elsewhere, according to Ormerod,
+  called Robert.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. J. T.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  258.).&mdash;</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr">
+<tr><td colspan="2"><i>Fro Venus</i> <span class="sc">Valanus</span> <i>might this palais see.</i>"</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">(or) volant &nbsp;<br />
+? Might Venus, <i>volans</i><br />
+(flying) &nbsp;</td>
+<td>fro this palais, see.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Phôs" class="grk">&Phi;&omega;&sigmaf;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Comets</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 223. 253.).&mdash;If your correspondent
+  S.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;O.&nbsp;R. wish to go fully into the history of comets, and be not
+  alarmed at the prospect of three thick folios, through which I have gone,
+  I can assure him, with considerable interest, let me recommend to him
+  <i>Theatrum Cometicum, Auctore Stanislao Lubienietz Lubieniecio
+  Rolitsio</i>, Amst., in 2 vols. (but generally bound in three) folio. The
+  first contains an immense correspondence, not merely with astronomers,
+  but with poets, critics, physicians, and philosophers, to whom the
+  indefatigable editor wrote for their opinions on the subject of comets.
+  The second vol. gives a history of comets from the Deluge to 1665, and is
+  a repository of everything bearing upon the subject. From this work Bayle
+  derived his learning, when he wrote his most amusing work on comets.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Pope Joan</i> (Vol. iii., p. 265.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Nemo</span> will find much information on the question,
+  "Whether Pope Joan ever held the keys of St. Peter?" in Alexander Cooke's
+  <i>Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist; manifestly proving that a
+  Woman</i> <!-- Page 307 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page307"></a>{307}</span><i>called Joane was Pope of Rome: against
+  the surmises and objections made to the contrary by Robert Bellarmini and
+  Cæsar Baronius, Cardinals, Florimondus Ræmondus, and other Popish
+  Writers, impudently denying the same</i>, 4to, pp. 128, 1610. The work
+  was dedicated to the Archbishop of York, and was reprinted in 1625 in
+  4to., and in French, 1633, 8vo. The author, in his address <i>To the
+  Popish Reader</i>, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>I offer unto thee here a discourse touching</i> <span
+  class="sc">Pope Joane</span> <i>(if thou darest read it, for fear of
+  falling into thy Pope's curse), whose Popedome I will make good unto
+  thee, not by the testimonies of</i> Pantaleon, <i>and</i> Functius,
+  <i>and</i> Sleidan, <i>and</i> Illyricus, <i>and</i> Constantinus
+  Phrygio, <i>and</i> John Bale, <i>and</i> Robert Barnes, <i>because thou
+  hast condemned their persons, and their books too, to hell; but by the
+  testimonies of thy brethren, the sonnes of thine own mother; because, as
+  one saith</i>, 'Amici contra amicum, et inimici pro inimico, invincibile
+  testimonium est.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. C. Harington.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">The Close, Exeter.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Abbot Eustacius</i> (Vol. iii., p. 141.).&mdash;As J.&nbsp;L.'s inquiry
+  after an abbot of that name has hitherto been unsuccessful, perhaps he
+  would like to know that Eustacia was abbess of the monastery at
+  Shaftesbury (founded by King Alfred), tempore incerto, but probably in
+  the time of Stephen. See Willis's <i>History of Abbeys</i>, and a
+  <i>History of the Ancient Town of Shaftesbury</i>, p. 21.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Vellum-bound Junius</i> (Vol. iii., p. 262.).&mdash;In the
+  Minor Queries of your Number 75., you have kindly inserted my notice on
+  the vellum-bound <i>Junius</i>. I beg to state further, that the reason
+  of my being so desirous to procure this copy at the Stowe sale was, that
+  it was not only bound in vellum, but was also <i>printed</i> on that
+  article. If any of your correspondents can inform me of another copy
+  <i>printed</i> on vellum, I should be glad.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. D. Haggard.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bank of England, April 5, 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Meaning of Waste-Book</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 118. 195.
+  251.).&mdash;Among a list of "the books printed for, and are to be sold
+  by John Hancock, at the sign of the Three Bibles in Pope's-head Alley, in
+  Cornhill," I find <i>The Absolute Accountant, or London Merchant</i>,
+  containing instructions and directions for the methodical keeping of
+  merchant's accounts, after the most exact and concise way of debtor and
+  creditor; also a <i>Memorial</i>, vulgarly called a waste-book, and a
+  cash-book, with a journal and a ledger, &amp;c., 1670. This is the first
+  reference I have seen to the correct designation of the book, which might
+  have received it vulgar name of <i>waste</i> from wast, the second person
+  of <i>was</i>&mdash;thus the Memorial or the Wast-book.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Cowdray</i> (Vol. iii., p. 194.).&mdash;There is a misprint here of
+  <i>Eastbourne</i> for <i>Easebourne</i>. There is a curious note on
+  Cowdray, and the superstition attached to it, in Croker's <i>Boswell</i>,
+  p. 711. 8vo. edit.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Solemnisation of Matrimony</i> (Vol. ii., p. 464.).&mdash;A.&nbsp;A.
+  will find, from Blackstone's <i>Commentaries</i>, vol. ii. p. 135., that
+  in feudal times a husband had the power of protecting his lands from the
+  wife's claim to dower, by endowing her, <i>ad ostium Ecclesiæ</i>, with
+  specific estates to the exclusion of others; or, if he had no lands at
+  the time of the marriage, by an endowment in goods, chattels, or money.
+  When special endowments were thus made, the husband, after affiance made
+  and troth plighted, used to declare with what specific lands he meant to
+  endow his wife ("<i>quod dotat eam de tali manerio</i>," &amp;c.); and
+  therefore, in the old York ritual (<i>Seld. Ux. Hebr.</i> l. ii. c. 27.)
+  there is at this part of the matrimonial service the following
+  rubric&mdash;"<i>Sacerdos interroget dotem mulieris; et si terra ei in
+  dotem detur, tunc dicatur psalmus iste</i>", &amp;c. When the wife was
+  endowed <i>generally</i>, the husband seems to have said "with all my
+  lands and tenements I thee endow," and then they all became liable to her
+  dower. When he endowed her with personalty only, he used to say, "with
+  all my worldly goods (or, as the Salisbury ritual has it, "with all my
+  worldly chattels") I thee endow," which entitled the wife to her thirds,
+  or <i>pars rationabilis</i>, of his personal estate, which is provided
+  for by Magna Charta, cap. 26. The meaning, therefore, of the words
+  noticed in A.&nbsp;A.'s Query, if they can be said to have any meaning in the
+  present state of the law, is simply that the wife's dower is to be
+  general, and not specific, or, in other words, that she is to have her
+  <i>pars rationabilis</i> in <i>all</i> her husband's goods.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. F. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  262.).&mdash;Although J.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;M. has concluded that William Browne was not
+  the author of this epitaph, because it is not to be found amongst his
+  <i>Pastorals</i>, it would nevertheless appear that the lines are rightly
+  attributed to him, if the following extract may be relied on:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The well-known epitaph of the celebrated Countess of Pembroke, the
+  sister of Sir Philip Sidney, has been generally ascribed to Ben Jonson.
+  The first stanza is printed in Jonson's poems; but it is found in the
+  manuscript volume of poems by William Browne, the author of
+  <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, preserved in the Lansdown Collection,
+  British Museum, No. 777., and on this evidence may be fairly appropriated
+  to him, particularly as it is known that he was a great favourite with
+  William, Earl of Pembroke, son of the Countess."&mdash;<i>Relics of
+  Literature</i>: London, Boys, 1823, p. 60.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Scandal against Queen Elizabeth</i> (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii.,
+  pp. 11. 151. 197. 225.).&mdash;Your correspondents seem to have
+  overlooked the celebrated <!-- Page 308 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page308"></a>{308}</span>letter of Queen Mary of Scotland, printed
+  in the <i>State Trials</i>, and lately reprinted by Lord Campbell in his
+  <i>Lives of the Chancellors</i>, tit. Sir C. Hatton. I may as well add
+  (though I do not believe the fact) that my grandmother (herself a
+  Devereux) repeated to me the tradition of a son of Queen Elizabeth's
+  having been sent to Ireland.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Tanthony</i> (Vol. III., pp. 105. 229.).&mdash;I am obliged to
+  A. for the trouble he has taken in reference to my Query; but perhaps I
+  may be correct in my suggestion, for on looking into the second volume of
+  the <i>Archæological Journal</i> the other day, I accidentally found an
+  account of the discovery of a figure of St. Anthony at Merthyr, near
+  Truro, in which it is mentioned that</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Under the left arm appears to have passed a staff, and the pig, with
+  <i>a large bell</i> attached to its neck, appears in front of the
+  figure."&mdash;P. 202.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I shall be much obliged to anybody who will settle the point
+  satisfactorily. The fair held on old St. Andrew's Day is always called in
+  Kimbolton and the neighbourhood "Tandrew" fair, so why not "Tanthony" for
+  "Saint Anthony?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Hippopotamus</i> (Vol. iii., p. 181.).&mdash;Your correspondent
+  <span class="sc">Mr. E.&nbsp;S. Taylor</span> will find in Vol. ii, p. 458, an
+  example of the word <span title="hippopotamos" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F31;&pi;&pi;&omicron;&pi;&#x1F79;&tau;&alpha;&mu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>
+  cited from Lucian, a writer anterior both to Horapollo and Damascius. In
+  the same page is a reference to the story of the wickedness of the
+  hippopotamus in Plutarch; so that Horapollo and Damascius, doubtless,
+  borrowed from a common source, or repeated a current fable, to be found
+  in many writings then extant.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Tu Autem</i> (Vol. iii., p. 265).&mdash;The words "Tu autem,
+  Domine, miserere nostri," "But Thou, O Lord! have mercy upon us," were
+  originally a form of prayer used by the preacher at the end of his
+  discourse, as a supplication for pardon for any sinful pride or
+  vainglory, into which he might have been betrayed in addressing his
+  congregation. Hence the words "tu autem," as Pegge properly says, came to
+  denote a hint to the reader to leave off.</p>
+
+  <p>The custom is still in constant use among the members of the cathedral
+  church of Durham. At the public dinners given by the canons, in what is
+  there called "hospitality residence," one of the choristers comes in
+  after dinner, dressed in his official costume, and, taking his station
+  behind the canon in residence, reads, in the manner which is now well
+  known as <i>intoning</i>, eight verses of the 119th Psalm, first saying,
+  "Here beginneth the &mdash;&mdash; part of the 119th Psalm."</p>
+
+  <p>When the eight verses are concluded, the canon turns round to the
+  chorister, saying "tu autem," giving him a shilling; to which the
+  chorister replies, "Domine miserere nostri," and retires.</p>
+
+  <p>The explanation of the words, as originally employed, is given by
+  Rupertus <i>De Divinis Officiis</i>, lib. i. c. xiv.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">DE "TU AUTEM DOMINE."</span></p>
+
+  <p>"Quodque in fine dicit, 'Tu autem Domine miserere nostri,' hoc innuit,
+  ne ipsum quidem bonum officium prædicandi sine alicujus vel levis culpæ
+  pulvere possa pagi. Nam, ut ait B. Augustinus, 'Verbum prædicationis
+  securiùs auditur quàm dicitur. Prædicator quippe cùm benè dicere se
+  sentit, difficile nimis est ut non quantulumcunque spiritu elationis
+  tangat; et quia quasi per terram ambulat et pedes ejus pulvere
+  sordidantur, idcirco misericordiâ Dei indiget, ut in hâc parte lavetur,
+  etiamsi mundus sit totus.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>From this explanation it is plain, that the Monk of St. Albans,
+  writing to the abbot&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Si vis, veniam; Sin autem, tu autem,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>would be understood to express&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If you wish, I will come; but if otherwise, there is an end of the
+  matter."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">T. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Durham, April 8. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Places called Purgatory</i> (Vol. iii., p. 241.).&mdash;There is a
+  farm-house still called "Purgatory," about two miles south of Durham,
+  east of the London road, and close to the left bank of the river Wear.
+  The farm is part of the estate of a highly respectable family, which has,
+  I believe, always been Roman Catholic. No reason for the name is known in
+  the neighbourhood.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. C.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Durham, April 8. 1851.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Swearing by Swans, &amp;c.</i> (Vol. ii., p. 392.; Vol. iii., pp.
+  70. 192.).&mdash;In addition to what has already appeared on this
+  subject, the following extract from Tyrwhitt's <i>Glossary to Chaucer</i>
+  will, I hope, be acceptable.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ale and Bred. This oath of Sire Thopas on ale and bred was perhaps
+  intended to ridicule the solemn vows, which were frequently made in the
+  days of chivalrie, to a peacock, a pheasant, or some other <i>noble
+  bird</i>."&mdash;See M. de Sainte Palaye, <i>Sur l'anc. Cheval.</i>, Mem.
+  iii<sup>me</sup>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This practice is alluded to in "Dunbar's Wish that the King were Johne
+  Thomsonnis man" (MS. Maitland, st. v.):</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"I would gif all that ever I have</p>
+      <p>To that condition, so God me saif,</p>
+      <p>That ye had <span class="scac">VOWIT TO THE SWAN</span></p>
+      <p>Ane yeir to be John Thomsonnis man."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And so in the <i>Prol. to the Contin. of the Canterb. T.</i>, ver.
+  452., the Hosteler says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">I make a vowe to the pecock</span>, ther shall wake
+  a foule mist."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The instance given in Vol. iii., p. 192., is recorded by Monstrelet,
+  <i>Hist. de France, Charles VII.</i></p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Edmund Prideaux and the Post-office</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 186.
+  266.).&mdash;In a MS. on parchment, now <!-- Page 309 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page309"></a>{309}</span>before me, are
+  contained entries of the dates of the various letters patent and grants
+  connected with the post-office, to the latter end of the reign of Charles
+  I., and the names of the persons to whom the grants were made. The
+  earliest date is the 37th of Henry VIII., and the last the 13th of
+  Charles I. If an extract from the MS., which gives a similar index to the
+  appointments in the Courts of Law, the Customs, the Forests, and a great
+  variety of other offices, will assist your correspondent, I shall be
+  happy to supply it. I may notice, what seems to have been overlooked by
+  your two correspondents who have replied to the inquiry, that some
+  account of Prideaux is given by Wood (Vid. <i>Fast.</i> vol. i. p. 424.,
+  edit. Bliss), from which it appears that he was M.A. of Cambridge, Member
+  of the Inner Temple, Member of Parliament for Lyme in Dorsetshire, and
+  Recorder of Exeter; and that his death took place on the 19th Aug., 1659
+  (misprinted 1569 in this edit.), and that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"From his employments gaining a vast estate, he left at the time of
+  his death an incredible mass of gold (as the credible report then went),
+  besides lands of very great demesnes."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Small Words and "Low" Words</i> (Vol. ii., pp. 305. 349.
+  377.).&mdash;Apropos to Pope's use of "low words," in the sense of
+  <i>short</i> words, conf. Boileau, satire iv. 97. 8.</p>
+
+  <div class="figright" style="width:5%;">
+      <a href="images/77_026.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/77_026.png"
+      alt="How the phrase was disposed" title="How the phrase was disposed" /></a>
+  </div>
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Lui faisant voir ses vers et sans force et sans graces,</p>
+      <p>Montés sur deux grands mots, comme sur deux échasses."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>On which one of his commentators makes the following note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Boileau, pour se moquer des mots gigantesques, citoit ordinairement
+  ce vers de Chapelain:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'De ce sourcilleux roc l'inébranlable cime.'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Et il disposoit ce vers comme il est ici à côté. Dans cette
+  disposition il semble que le mot 'roc' soit monté sur deux échasses.'</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I commend to <span class="grk">&Phi;</span>.'s attention this instance
+  of a "low" word supported on two "high" ones.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">K. I. P. B. T.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lord Howard of Effingham</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 185. 244.).&mdash;It
+  has been supposed that the Earl of Nottingham was a Catholic, and having
+  held office in the reign of Queen Mary, he probably was so at that time;
+  but he certainly was a Protestant during the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
+  and in the beginning of James I. was at the head of a commission to
+  discover and expel all Catholic priests. (Vide <i>Memorials of the Howard
+  Family</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. R. M.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Obeahism.&mdash;Ventriloquism</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 59.
+  149.).&mdash;T.&nbsp;H. will find, in the authorities given below, that
+  Obeahism is not only a rite, but a religion, or rather superstition, viz.
+  <i>Serpent-worship</i>. <i>Modern Universal History</i>, fol. vol. vi. p.
+  600.; 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 411.; which is indebted for its information to
+  the works of De Marchais, Barbot, Atkyns, and Bosman: the last of which
+  may be seen in Pinkerton's <i>Collection</i>, vol. xvi., and a review of
+  it in <i>Acta Eruditor.</i>, Lips. 1705, p. 265., under the form of an
+  "Essay on Guinea." In Astely's <i>Collection of Voyages</i>, there is an
+  account compiled from every authority then known, and a very interesting
+  description of the rites and ceremonies connected with this superstition.
+  According to the same authors, the influence of the Obeist does not
+  depend on the exercise of any art or natural magic, but on the
+  apprehensions of evil infused into his victim's mind. See also Lewis's
+  <i>Journal of a Residence among the Negroes in the West Indies</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>The following references will furnish a reply at once to two Queries;
+  to that here noticed, and to that on "Ventriloquism" (Vol. ii., p.
+  88.).</p>
+
+  <p>The name of the sacred serpent, which in the ancient language of
+  Canaan was variously pronounced, was derived from "ob" (inflare), perhaps
+  from his peculiarity of inflation when irritated. See Bryant's
+  <i>Analysis</i>, vol. i.; Deane's <i>Worship of the Serpent</i>, p. 80.
+  From a notion of the mysterious inflation produced by the presence of the
+  divine spirit, those who had the spirit of Ob, or Python, received the
+  names of Ob, or Pythia; according to the not unusual custom for the
+  priest or priestess of any god to take the name of the deity they served.
+  See Selden, <i>De Dis Syris</i>, Synt. 1. c. 2. It is a curious
+  coincidence, that as the Witch of Endor is called "Oub," and the African
+  sorceress "Obi," from the serpent-deity <i>Oub</i>, so the old English
+  name of a witch, "hag," bears apparent relationship to the word
+  <i>hak</i>, the ancient British name of a species of snake. In Yorkshire,
+  according to Stukeley, they call snakes "hags" and "hag-worms," (Abury,
+  p. 32.).</p>
+
+  <p>In the Breton language, <i>Belech</i> is "Priest," and may similarly
+  indicate a priest of Bel-the-Dragon.</p>
+
+  <p>From the Hebrew <i>Ob</i>, the Greek <span title="ophis" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F44;&phi;&iota;&sigmaf;</span> was probably derived; for the same
+  word, in Hebrew, Arabic, and Greek, which denotes "divination" denotes a
+  "serpent." "Nachash,"<a name="footnotetag4"
+  href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> "ilahat,"<a name="footnotetag5"
+  href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> "<span title="oiônizesthai" class="grk"
+  >&omicron;&#x1F30;&omega;&nu;&#x1F77;&zeta;&epsilon;&sigma;&theta;&alpha;&iota;</span>,"<a
+  name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> have the same
+  double signification as if the serpent were recognised as the grand
+  inspirer of the heathen prophets. See Faber's <i>Horæ Mosaicæ</i>, vol.
+  i. p. 98.</p>
+
+  <p>The word "Ob" was translated by the LXX. <span title="engastrimuthos" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F10;&gamma;&gamma;&alpha;&sigma;&tau;&rho;&iota;&mu;&#x1F7B;&theta;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>,
+  "a ventriloquist," in <!-- Page 310 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page310"></a>{310}</span>accommodation to the received opinions
+  respecting the Pythian priestess. See the Notes to Creech's
+  <i>Lucretius</i>, book v.; Jones's (of Nayland) <i>Physiolog.
+  Disquis.</i> p. 290. The deception practised by the Witch of Endor, and
+  by the damsel mentioned in Acts xvi. 16., was of this description. See
+  Wierus de <i>Præstig. Dæmon.</i> p. 203.; and Reginald Scot's
+  <i>Discoverie of Witchcraft</i>, p. 148.</p>
+
+  <p>The serpent, which with heathen mythologists had various acceptations
+  (see Vossius, <i>Theologia Gent. et Physiologia Christ.</i>), was also
+  understood as a natural symbol or hieroglyphic of the air. Can any of
+  your learned correspondents furnish materials illustrative of this
+  figurative relation between the serpent and the elements?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. J.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+  <p>See Parkhurst.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a>
+  <p>Dickinson's <i>Delphi Ph&oelig;nic.</i>, p. 10.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a>
+  <p>Stillingfleet's <i>Orig. Sacræ</i>, book iii. c. iii. s. 18.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Meaning of Peep</i> (Vol. ii., p. 118.).&mdash;You have already
+  told us the meaning of the word <i>peep</i> in the phrase "Wizards that
+  <i>peep</i> and that mutter;" in confirmation I may add that the noise
+  made by the queen bee in the hive previous to swarming is in Devonshire
+  called <i>peeping</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. (4.)</p>
+
+  <p><i>Venwell or Venville</i> (Vol. iii., p. 38.).&mdash;<i>Venwell</i>
+  or <i>Venville</i> appears to me to be a corruption of the word
+  <i>fengfield</i>; and the meaning of it seems to be, that custom of
+  delivering possession of land to a purchaser by cutting a piece of turf
+  from the field bought, and delivering it into his hands.</p>
+
+  <p>I well remember, when a boy, accompanying my father to receive
+  possession of an outlying field, distant from the main estate which he
+  had bought; the seller's agent, I think, came with us and cut a small
+  piece of turf from the ground, and delivered it into my father's hands,
+  saying (if I recollect right), "By this turf I deliver this field into
+  your possession." By this means my father "<i>fenged</i>" (took) the
+  "<i>field</i>" into his own hands, and became the legal proprietor of
+  it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Venville.</i>&mdash;The peat or black earth of Dartmoor is still
+  called <i>ven</i> or <i>fen</i>. Is it not more probable that the
+  adjoining parishes (or parts of them) are said to be in Venville or
+  fengfield, from their being within the peat district, than that an
+  abbreviation of a legal term, <i>fines villarum</i>&mdash;<i>fin.
+  vil.</i>, should become naturalised among the peasantry, as is the case
+  with the word Venville?</p>
+
+  <p>The second part of the word seems akin to the Scottish <i>fail</i>, "a
+  turf, or that clod covered with grass cut off from the rest of the
+  sward." (Jamieson.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author">K.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hand-bells at Funerals</i> (Vol. ii., p. 478.).&mdash;In the
+  <i>Testamenta Eboracensia</i>, p. 163., Johannes Esten de Scardeburgh, le
+  Ankersymth, bequeaths 2<i>d.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Clerico ecclesiæ pro pulsacione campanarum, et le belman portand'
+  campanam per villam excitandum populum ad orandum."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A hand-bell (as I am informed by a Roman Catholic gentleman) often
+  precedes the Host, when carried in procession to the sick, &amp;c., in
+  order to clear the way, and remind passengers of the usual reverence paid
+  at such times.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lincoln.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shillings and Sixpences of George III.</i> (Vol. iii., p.
+  275.).&mdash;R.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;C. has fallen into a misconception in supposing that
+  these coins present an erroneous spelling of the Latinized style of the
+  monarch, whilst the contemporary crowns and half-crowns have the correct
+  orthography. The spelling of the legend on the sixpences and shillings
+  was intentional, and with a meaning, being inscribed in an abridged
+  form&mdash;<span class="scac">GEOR: III. D: G: BRITT: REX F:
+  D:</span>&mdash;the reduplication of the <span class="scac">T</span> was
+  designed, after classical precedent, to represent the plural
+  <i>Britanniarum</i>, i.e., Great Britain and Ireland.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Odour from the Rainbow</i> (Vol. iii., p. 224.).&mdash;I hope that
+  I have found <span class="sc">Jarltzberg's</span> note in the following
+  lines:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Like to that smell which oft our sense descries</p>
+      <p>Within a field which long unploughëd lies,</p>
+      <p>Somewhat before the setting of the sun;</p>
+      <p>And where the rainbow in the horizon</p>
+      <p>Doth pitch her tips; or as when in the prime,</p>
+      <p>The earth being troublëd with a drought long time,</p>
+      <p>The hand of heaven his spongy clouds doth strain,</p>
+      <p>And throws into her lap a shower of rain;</p>
+      <p>She sendeth up (conceivëd from the sun)</p>
+      <p>A sweet perfume and exhalation."</p>
+      <p class="i2">Browne, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, Book i. Song 2.</p>
+      <p class="i4">[Clarke's Cabinet Series, 1845, p. 70.]</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Odour from the Rainbow.</i>&mdash;The following stanzas are from a
+  poem, called "The Blind Girl," in a publication by Pickering, 1845, of
+  <i>Memorials of a Tour, and Miscellaneous Poems</i>, by Robert Snow, Esq.
+  Lond., 1845:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Once in our porch whilst I was resting,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To hear the rain-drops in their mirth,</p>
+      <p>You said you saw the rainbow cresting</p>
+      <p class="i1">The heavens with colour, based on earth:</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>And I believe it fills the showers</p>
+      <p class="i1">With music; and when sweeter air</p>
+      <p>Than common breathes from briar-rose bowers,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Methinks, the Rainbow hath touched there."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We have reason to believe that the idea was suggested to Mr. Snow
+  neither from Bacon's <i>Sylva</i>, nor from any of our English poets, but
+  from a Greek writer after the Christian era, referred to by Coleridge in
+  his <i>Table Talk</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>Mr. Hepworth Dixon, who is already favourably known as the author of a
+  <i>Life of Howard</i>, has just published <i>William Penn, an Historical
+  Biography</i>. It is unquestionably a book of considerable talent; and
+  even those who may be most inclined to dissent from the <!-- Page 311
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page311"></a>{311}</span>author's views
+  of the political principles of the Quakers (and we suspect many of the
+  Quakers themselves will be found among that number), will admit that in
+  treating him not as a mere Quaker, as preceding biographers had been too
+  much disposed to do, but as "a great English historical
+  character&mdash;the champion of the Jury Laws&mdash;the joint leader,
+  with Algernon Sidney, of the Commonwealth men&mdash;the royal councillor
+  of 1684-8&mdash;the courageous defender of Free Thought&mdash;the founder
+  of Pennsylvania"&mdash;Mr. Dixon has succeeded in the task which he had
+  proposed to himself, namely, that of transforming William Penn "from a
+  myth into a man." His vindication of this great man from what he
+  designates "The Macaulay Charges" would not, however, have lost one iota
+  of its efficiency, had it been couched in somewhat more measured
+  terms.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Murray announces <i>The Grenville Papers; being the Private
+  Correspondence of Richard Grenville Earl Temple, his brother George
+  Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries</i>, as in the press. It will
+  contain some letters from Junius, and Mr. Grenville's Diary, particularly
+  during his premiership, from 1763 to 1765. The fifth and sixth volumes of
+  Lord Mahon's <i>History of England from the Peace of Utrecht</i> are also
+  at press.</p>
+
+  <p>Lady Theresa Lewis is nearly ready with a work which cannot but be of
+  great interest. It is entitled <i>Lives of the Friends and Contemporaries
+  of Lord Chancellor Clarendon, illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery;
+  with an Account of the Origin of the Collection; and a descriptive
+  Catalogue of the Pictures</i>. It will form two volumes, and be
+  accompanied by illustrative portraits.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Colburn announces a new library edition of Miss Strickland's
+  <i>Lives of the Queens of England</i>. Although revised and considerably
+  augmented by new materials which have been placed at Miss Strickland's
+  disposal since the appearance of the earlier impressions of her book,
+  this edition is to be comprised in eight monthly volumes.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.&mdash;<i>The Buried City of
+  the East: Nineveh.</i> A popular view of the discovery of the remains of
+  the great city, compiled principally from Botta, and illustrated with
+  numerous woodcuts, affords information enough, perhaps, for those who may
+  be unable to consult the stirring narrative of Layard himself, but must
+  send to his pages a great number of readers, in whom it can only serve to
+  waken a lively interest in this great triumph of individual
+  perseverance.&mdash;<i>The Iliad of Homer, literally translated, with
+  explanatory Notes</i>, by T.&nbsp;A. Buckley, B.A., is the new volume of
+  Bohn's <i>Classical Library</i>; and the Editor expresses his hopes "that
+  it will be found to convey, more accurately than any which has preceded
+  it, the words and thoughts of the original." The work has obviously been
+  executed with great care; and the notes, though brief, are to the
+  point.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received</span>.&mdash;John Miller's (43.
+  Chandos Street) Catalogue No. XXI. of Books Old and New; J. Russell
+  Smith's (4. Old Compton Street) Catalogue Part III. of Choice Useful and
+  Curious Books, English and Foreign; and Catalogue of a singular
+  Collection of 25,000 Ancient and Modern Tracts and Pamphlets, Part
+  II.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Clare's Rural Muse</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Passionael efte dat Levent der Heiligen</span>. Folio. Basil, 1522.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Cartari&mdash;La Rosa d'Oro Pontificia</span>. 4to. Rome, 1681.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Broemel, M. C. H., Fest-Tanzen der Ersten Christen</span>. Jena, 1705.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
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+<h2>Notices To Correspondents.</h2>
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+  month, when we shall consequently publish a double number, are Shakspeare
+  and Fletcher, by Mr. Hickson&mdash;Illustrations of Chaucer, No.
+  IV.&mdash;Illustrations of Tennyson&mdash;Sallust and
+  Tacitus&mdash;Haybands in Seals, by Mr. Lower, Mr. Burtt, and
+  L.&nbsp;B.&nbsp;L.&mdash;North Side of Churchyards&mdash;Sir F. Kynaston's Academy,
+  by Dr. Rimbault&mdash;and several very important communications on the
+  proposed</i> <span class="sc">Monumentarium Anglicanum</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>S. J. R. <i>is referred to our First Volume, p. 467., for information
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+
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+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">CONTENTS:</span></p>
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+      <p>2. WOMEN IN FRANCE&mdash;MADAME DE MAINTENON.</p>
+      <p>3. JULIUS CÆSAR&mdash;MERIVALE'S ROMAN HISTORY.</p>
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+  <p>KEMPIS DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI, et Contemptu Mundi, omniumque ejus
+  vanitatum, Libri IV. Codex De Advocatis Seculi xiii. With Life by <span
+  class="sc">Charles Butler</span>.</p>
+
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+  <p>OF the IMITATION of JESUS CHRIST.</p>
+
+  <p>Translated from the Latin original, ascribed to <span
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 77, April
+19, 1851, by Various
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+</body>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 77, April 19, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 77, April 19, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 12, 2008 [EBook #26897]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{297} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 77.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 19. 1851.
+[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                     Page
+    Latin Drinking Song by Richard Braithwait, by S. W.
+      Singer                                                    297
+    Strange Appearances in the Sky, by Rev. A. Gatty            298
+    "After me the Deluge," by Douglas Jerrold                   299
+    Bishop Thornborough's Monument                              299
+
+    Minor Notes:--King Richard III.--Shakspeare a
+      thorough Sailor--"A fellow-feeling." &c.--Early
+      Instances of the Word "News"--Under the Rose              300
+
+  QUERIES:--
+    Portraits of Spenser                                        301
+    The Vendace                                                 301
+
+    Minor Queries:--Ex Pede Herculem--"To-day we
+      purpose"--"God takes those soonest whom He loves
+      the best"--Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope
+      --Whychcote of St. John's--Meaning of Rechibus--
+      Family of Queen Katherine Parr--Skort--Religious
+      Teaching in the German Universities--Epigram by
+      Dunbar--Endymion Porter--Sathaniel--The Scoute
+      Generall--Anthony Pomeroy, Dean of Cork                   302
+
+    MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Civil War Tract--Trisection
+      of the Circle--Wolsey's Son--Cardinals and
+      Abbots in the English Church                              303
+
+  REPLIES:--
+    Sir Balthazar Gerbier, by J. Crossley                       304
+    The Travels of Baron Munchausen                             305
+
+    Replies to Minor Queries:--Tobacco in the East--
+      Captain John Stevens--MS. Catalogue of Norman
+      Nobility--Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III.--
+      Comets--Pope Joan--Abbot Euctacius--The
+      Vellum-bound Junius--Meaning of Waste-book--
+      Cowdray--Solemnisation of Matrimony--Epitaph
+      on the Countess of Pembroke--Scandal against
+      Queen Elizabeth--The Tanthony--The Hippopotamus
+      --Tu autem--Places called purgatory--Swearing
+      by Swans, &c.--Edmund Prideaux and the Post-office
+      --Small Words and "Low" Words--Lord
+      Howard of Effingham--Obeahism, &c.                        306
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+    Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                      310
+    Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                311
+    Notices to Correspondents                                   311
+    Advertisements                                              311
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+LATIN DRINKING SONG BY RICHARD BRAITHWAIT.
+
+I have been surprised, from the facility with which the author of "Drunken
+Barnaby" seems to pour out his Leonine verse, that no other productions of
+a similar character are known to have issued from his pen. I am not aware
+that the following drinking song, which may fairly be attributed to him,
+has ever appeared in print. It was evidently unknown to the worthy
+Haslewood, the crowning glory of whose literary career was the happy
+discovery of the author, Richard Braithwait. I transcribe it from the MS.
+volume from which James Boswell first gave to the world Shakspeare's verses
+"On the King." Southey has somewhere said that "the best serious piece of
+Latin in modern metre is Sir Francis Kinaston's _Amores Troili et
+Cressidae_, a translation of the two first books of Chaucer's Poem[1]; but
+it was reserved for _famous_ BARNABY to employ the barbarous ornament of
+rhyme, so as to give thereby point and character to good Latinity."
+
+Southey does not seem to have known those remarkable productions of the
+middle ages, which have been made accessible to us by the researches of
+Docen, of Grimm, of Schmeller, and of Mr. Wright; and, above all, of that
+exquisite gem, "De Phyllide et Flora," first printed by Docen[2], and since
+given by Mr. Wright in his collection of _Poems attributed to Walter de
+Mapes_. We have, however, a much better text from the hand of Jacob Grimm,
+in the _Memoirs of the Academy of Berlin for 1843_, p. 239. Of this poem it
+is perhaps not exaggeration to say, that it is an Idyll which would have
+done honour to the literature of any age or country; and if it is the
+production of Walter de Mapes, we have reason to be proud of it. It is a
+dispute between two maidens on the qualities of their lovers, the one being
+a soldier, the other a priest. It breathes of the spring, of nature, and of
+love:
+
+ "Erant ambae virgines et ambae reginae
+  Phyllis coma libera Flora comto crine,
+  Non sunt formae virginum sed formae divinae,
+  Et respondent facies luci matutinae.
+
+  Nec stirpe, nec facie, nec ornatu viles,
+  Et annos et animos habent juveniles
+  Sed sunt parum inpares, et parum hostiles
+  Nam hinc placet clericus illi vero miles."
+
+{298} Love is called in to decide the dispute, and it causes no surprise to
+find, after due ventilation of the cause, the judgment of the court to be:
+
+ "Secundum scientiam et secundum morem,
+  AD AMOREM CLERICUM DICUNT APTIOREM."
+
+Your readers who are not already acquainted with this interesting picture
+of ancient manners will, I think, be pleased with having it pointed out to
+their notice.
+
+Should the following song not be already in print, I can also furnish from
+the same source a version of the ballad on "Robin Goodfellow" by the same
+hand, should it be acceptable.[3]
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+         "CANTIO.
+
+ "O Pampine! quo venisti?
+  Cur me spectas fronte tristi?
+  Tolle caput, sis jucundus,
+  Tolle poculum exue fundus,
+  Et salutem jam bibamus,
+  Ad sodales quos amamus;
+  O Pampine! tibi primum
+  Haustum summus hunc ad imum.
+
+  Ecce de christallo factum
+  Purum vas, et hoc intactum,
+  Lympha nunc et succo plenum,
+  Nec includit hoc venenum;
+  Medicamen quod repellit
+  Omnes malos, nec fefellit,
+  O Pampine! invito Momo,
+  Tibi, tu es meus homo.
+
+  Hic est sacer fons et flumen,
+  Quod qui potant vocant numen,
+  Iras pellit, demit lites,
+  Et superbos facit mites;
+  Et post flumen hoc te amoenum
+  Annos reparare senum:
+  O Pampine! tibi habe,
+  Bibe si sis dignus tabe.
+
+  Hoc si tu gustabit nectar,
+  Si sis Paris fies Hector,
+  Iras demit inquietas,
+  In memento facit laetas;
+  Pro doloribus est solamen,
+  Pro pulicibus medicamen;
+  O Pampine! habe tibi,
+  Bibe tu cum ego bibi.
+
+  Hic est aqua vera fortis,
+  Vincula quae solvet mortis,
+  Aut, si placet, aqua vitae,
+  Roborans ab atra Dite:
+  Hinc sunt uti qui potestis
+  Omnia, cibus, potis, vestis;
+  O Pampine! tibi cito
+  Bibe, aut ab hinc abito.
+
+  Si frigistis, sine joco,
+  Solo hoc utare foco,
+  Si esuries hic sunt oves,
+  Pulli, vituli, et boves;
+  Quod si sitis ecce montem,
+  Quem si scandes habet fontem;
+  O Pampine! bibe rursus,
+  Bibe, tu nam venit cursus.
+
+  Si aegrotas sume potum,
+  Vis ut valeas tolle totum,
+  Cape potum hunc paratum,
+  Sanus eris,--est probatum;
+  Si in corpore aut in mente
+  Dolebant in quavis dente;
+  O Pampine! tibi statim
+  Sume potum hinc gradatim.
+
+  Bacche jam et jam Silene,
+  Pocula impleatis plene,
+  Ope jam adiutus vestra
+  Domum, feram e fenestra.
+  AEdes vertunt jam rotundae,
+  Et succedant res secundae:
+  O Pampine! tibi bibo,
+  Bibe, vale! ego abibo."
+
+[Footnote 1: Southey was not aware that the whole of Chaucer's Poem, and
+the "Testament of Cressid," by Henryson, was translated by Kinaston and
+accompanied by a copious commentary in English, but only exists in one sole
+MS. The press of the Camden Society would be well employed on it.]
+
+[Footnote 2: In Baron von Aretin's _Beytrage zur Geschichte und Literatur_,
+vol. vii. p. 301.; but the copy, though a good text, was defective at the
+end.]
+
+[Footnote 3: [We are sure we are only expressing the opinion of the
+majority of our readers when we say it will be _most acceptable_.--ED.]]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+STRANGE APPEARANCES IN THE SKY.
+
+Strange appearances in the sky have not been without their ominous
+signification from the time that the greater and lesser lights were placed
+there at the creation, to the rainbow after the Deluge; and onward to the
+"star in the east" which announced our Saviour's birth, and the "light from
+heaven" which accompanied St. Paul's conversion. But the question is,
+whether there has since been any meaning in other like celestial
+illuminations? Some historical credit is claimed for the fiery sword, and
+armies fighting in the air, which preceded the siege of Jerusalem: for the
+cross of the Emperor Constantine: for the bow about the sun seen by
+Augustus Caesar, when he took possession of the Roman empire: and for stars,
+or other heavenly lights, which have seemed to herald the births or deaths
+of illustrious personages. But are these stories to be believed? and, if
+they are, where is the line of credibility to be drawn? People cannot come
+together, and talk either on this subject, or on that of ghosts, but every
+one "hath a revelation, hath an interpretation." The poet, walking on the
+mountains, looked into the sky, and
+
+ "The appearance, instantaneously disclosed,
+  Was of a mighty city--boldly say
+  A wilderness of building, sinking far,
+  And self-withdrawn, into a wondrous depth,
+  Far sinking into splendour--without end?"
+
+The two following extracts are from private letters now before me. The
+first account was written in 1825 by a physician, still alive, and {299}
+who at the time read an account of what he had seen at a meeting of the
+Plinian Society. He says,
+
+    "I last evening read a paper upon an extraordinary appearance of
+    letters, formed by the clouds, seen by a Mr. T. and myself. We had also
+    with us two little boys, one nine, the other eleven years of age, who
+    were able to make out each letter equally with ourselves. These
+    children were at the time walking some distance behind us: but, upon
+    their coming up, and being shown the letters, they read them without
+    having heard any observation of ours respecting them. We saw them for
+    about two minutes, when they gradually changed their form--each letter
+    changing its perpendicular for a horizontal position, and at length the
+    whole becoming converted into that form of cloud denominated
+    cirro-stratus. I will endeavour to give you a faint idea of the
+    appearance, by forming the letters as well as my memory will enable me.
+    I make no comment upon the words themselves, as they are too
+    extraordinary for observation of any kind. It was upon the 12th of last
+    month: several showers had fallen in the course of the day, but the
+    afternoon was fine. The time seven in the evening. The letters were
+    formed upon a fine blue surface, having no other clouds near them,
+    except very small ones, which tended much to heighten the effect of the
+    whole.
+
+    [Illustration: (ETERNAL)]
+
+    [Illustration: (MILLENNIUM)]
+
+    "You will observe several deficiencies in the letters of the first
+    word, viz. in the first 'E;' also in the 'N,' the second part being
+    short; and a slight defect in the letter 'A.' With respect to the
+    second word, the first six letters were very perfect: the others, with
+    the exception of the 'M,' mere strokes; but in number sufficient to
+    make up the word: and they had the appearance of having been perfect. I
+    can assure you they were anything but obscure, and required very little
+    stretch of the imagination. In the first word the letters were
+    equidistant and beautifully uniform. The second word was not quite
+    straight, being curved towards its termination. This appeared to me to
+    arise from the change of position which the letters were undergoing, as
+    before stated."
+
+My other extract is from a letter written in 1851. The scene to which it
+refers is a sick chamber occupied by an octogenarian grandmother, who is
+_in extremis_. Her daughter, who writes the account, is present, together
+with a grandchild, who is nearly eleven years old. The nurse has left the
+room.
+
+    "We afterwards stood by poor grandmamma's fire, and then we sat at her
+    window to see the moon rise. There were many clouds about it, and
+    directly under it was the most marked figure of our Saviour on the
+    cross. The head was concealed in light, but the arms were outstretched,
+    and the body quite distinct. M. saw it too, and said, 'How appropriate,
+    aunt, for the beginning of Lent!' She has never alluded to it since,
+    nor, of course, have I; nor do I think any more of it, than that _there
+    it was_: and there is something happy in the fancy, at all events, for
+    it shone on her dying bed."
+
+As you admit folk lore into "NOTES AND QUERIES," also well-attested
+anecdotes, although these may not absolutely conduce to the advancement of
+learning or art, perhaps you will receive this paper for the amusement of
+those who, like myself, feel an interest in anything which takes us a
+little out of the _hardware facts_ of "the age we live in."
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+Ecclesfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"AFTER ME THE DELUGE."
+
+If stolen wisdom could be returned to its rightful authors, great, indeed,
+would be the transfer of property. Prince Metternich is said to be the
+sayer of "After me the Deluge." And yet the Prince took the saying from the
+mouth of Madame Pompadour; and she took it--from whom? It may be reasonably
+doubted that her brain originated it; for it was not an order of brain that
+packs wisdom in few syllables.
+
+    "'After me the Deluge,' said Prince Metternich; a fine saying, but a
+    false prophecy we trust."
+
+I quote this from an admirable paper in _The Times_ of to-day (April 10.)
+on the Crystal Palace, and quote the subscribed from an _Essai sur la
+Marquise de Pompadour_, prefixed to the _Memoires de Madame du Hausset,
+Femme de Chambre de Madame Pompadour_, in Barriere's _Bibliotheque des
+Memoires_.
+
+    "Madame de Pompadour, dans l'ivresse de la prosperite, repondit a
+    toutes les menaces de l'avenir par ces trois [_quatre_] mots, "APRES
+    NOUS, LE DELUGE," qu'elle repetait souvent."
+
+In this case, "Pompadour _v._ Metternich," surely a verdict must be
+returned for the lady, unless Voltaire puts in a future claim.
+
+DOUGLAS JERROLD.
+
+West Lodge, Putney Common.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP THORNBOROUGH'S MONUMENT.
+
+    [The writer of the following interesting communication does not appear
+    to be aware that he is obliging us and a correspondent D. Y., who had
+    asked (Vol. iii., p. 168.) for an explanation of the phrase _Denarius
+    Philosophorum_, in the Bishop's Monument.]
+
+Our local antiquaries have long been puzzled by an inscription in the Lady
+chapel of our cathedral. It stands on the monument of Bishop Thornborough,
+and was prepared by himself fourteen years before his decease in 1641, at
+the age of ninety-four. He was addicted to alchymy, and published a book in
+1621, entitled [Greek: Lithotheorikos], _sive_, _Nihil aliquid_, _omnia_,
+_&c._ In the course of some recent studies in the Pythagorean philosophy,
+my attention was accidentally engaged by this {300} inscription; and it at
+once struck me that it was _thence_ that the explanation was to be derived.
+The epitaph is as follows: on one side,
+
+    "Denarius Philosophorum, Dum Spiro, Spero."
+
+on the other,
+
+    "In Uno, 2^o. 3^o. 4^{or} 10. non Spirans Spera_bo_."
+
+The latter letters are now effaced.
+
+It is well known that the Pythagoreans found all the modes of space in the
+relations of numbers.
+
+The monad, or unit, was not only the _point_ whence all extension proceeds,
+but it further symbolised the First Principle, the origin of all. The duad
+represented the line, as being bounded by two points or monads. The triad
+stood for surface as length and width. The tetrad for the perfect figure,
+the cube, length, depth, and width. The decad, or denarius, indicated
+comprehensively all being, material and immaterial, in the utmost
+perfection: hence the term _decas_, or _denarius_, was used summarily for
+the whole science of numbers, as in the title of Meursius's tract _De
+Denario Pythagorico_, which was published four years after the date of the
+inscription, and when the philosophy was attracting much attention among
+European scholars. To be as concise as possible then, I presume that the
+old bishop intended that the tomb on which his effigy lies was his access
+to that perfection of existence which philosophers had designated by the
+_decas_, or _denarius_. During the present life he was hoping for it, "Dum
+Spiro, Spero."--On the other side: "In Him, who is the source, the
+beginning, the middle, and the end of all existence and perfection (in Uno,
+2^o. 3^o. 4^{or} 10. non Spirans Sperabo), though I breathe no more, yet
+shall I hope."
+
+Such is probably the meaning of his pious conceit, and I offer it as a
+solution of what has long served for a riddle to the visitors of our
+cathedral. Beyond this, your readers and myself may be equally indifferent
+to such cabalistical quaintness. But let us treat it with charity, as the
+devout consummation of an aged alchymist.
+
+O. F.
+
+College Green, Worcester, March, 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_King Richard III._ (Vol. iii., p. 221.).--On the 14th May, 1491 (6 Henry
+VII.), one Master William Burton, the schoolmaster of St. Leonard's
+Hospital, in the city of York, was accused before the magistrates of having
+said that "King Richard was an hypocrite, a _crocheback_, and buried in a
+dike like a dog." This circumstance is recorded in a contemporary document
+of unquestionable authenticity (vide extracts from _York Records in the
+Fifteenth Century_, p. 220.); and must remove all doubt as to the fact of
+Richard's bodily deformity. The conjecture of Dr. Wallis, quoted by
+G. F. G., can have no weight when opposed by clear evidence that the word
+"crouchback," as a term of reproach or contempt, was applied to King
+Richard within a few years after his death, by one to whom his person must
+have been familiarly known.
+
+[Delta].
+
+_Shakespeare a thorough Sailor._--Let me point attention to a _genuine_
+nautical expression, in the use of which Shakespeare shows himself _a
+thorough sailor_:
+
+ "The wind sits in the _shoulder_ of your sail."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+In a "fore and aft sail" of the present day, the "shoulder" is the
+_foremost upper_ corner, and the _last part of the canvass_ on which the
+wind fixes its influence when a vessel is "sailing by the wind," or even
+"off the wind." The "veriest lout" in the "after-guard" will appreciate the
+truthfulness and beauty of the metaphor.
+
+A. L.
+
+_"A fellow-feeling," &c._--
+
+ "A fellow-feeling makes one wondrous kind."
+
+This oft-quoted line is from Garrick's Epilogue on quitting the stage.
+
+[Gamma].
+
+_Early Instances of the World "News."_--Without the slightest intention of
+re-opening the discussion as to whether the word "newes" be of native
+growth or imported, I would beg leave to suggest as a means of completing
+_its history_, that should any of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES," whose
+researches may lead amongst the authorities of the _fifteenth_ century,
+meet with instances of the word in familiar use between A.D. 1400 and A.D.
+1500, they would notify the same.
+
+The earliest date of its colloquial use as yet recorded in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," is A.D. 1513: on the other hand, the word, so far as I am aware,
+is nowhere used by Chaucer, although his near approach to it in the
+following lines is very remarkable:
+
+ "There is right now come into the toune a gest,
+  A Greek espie, and telleth _newe things_,
+  For which I come to tell you newe tidings."--_Troilus and Creseide_, b.
+      ii. 1113.
+
+After this, the transition to the word itself is so extremely easy, that it
+could not be far distant.
+
+A. E. B.
+
+_Under the Rose._--It may interest the inquirers into the origin of this
+expression to know, that at Lullingston Castle in Kent, the residence of
+Sir Percival Dyke, there is in the hall an old picture, or painted carving
+(I forget which, as it is many years since I saw it), of a rose, some two
+feet in diameter, surrounded by an inscription, which, if I remember right,
+runs as follows, or nearly so:--
+
+ "Kentish true blue;
+  Take this as a token,
+  That what is said here
+  Under the rose is spoken."
+
+It is now, or was when I saw it, in the hall of that {301} ancient mansion,
+but I believe had been brought from an old house in the neighbourhood.
+
+E. H. Y.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+PORTRAITS OF SPENSER.
+
+The engraved portraits of Spenser differ so much from each other as to
+throw doubts on their resemblance to the poet.
+
+I have now before me the following:
+
+1. That prefixed to Bell's edition, 1777, engraved by Cook from "an
+original in Lord Chesterfield's collection."
+
+2. Prefixed to an edition in one volume published by Spiers, 1840.
+
+3. Prefixed to Moxon's edition, 1845.
+
+We are not told from what paintings Nos. 2. and 3. are engraved, but they
+resemble each other, and are somewhat like that in Bell's edition; so I
+shall set these three down as forming one class of portraits. No. 2. has,
+however, a curious inscription, _Edmund Spenser_, _obiit 1559_, which would
+lead us to reject it altogether, and look on it as an imaginary likeness.
+
+4. The portrait in Pickering's Aldine edition, 1839: this bears no
+resemblance, either in costume or features, to those already mentioned;
+but, if I mistake not, is like that in Todd's edition, published in
+1805,--we may call these a second class.
+
+An original portrait of Spenser is said to be in Lord Chesterfield's
+collection; another in Duplin Castle, the seat of Lord Kinnoul (of this
+there is a copy at Althorpe by Sir Henry Raeburn). Mr. Wright, in his
+_Memorials of Cambridge_, mentions a portrait at Pembroke College, "a copy
+by Wilson," but he does not say from what original: Mr. Craik, in _Spenser
+and his Writings_, speaks of _two_ as being in this college.
+
+The writer thinks he recollects a law-suit relative to a portrait of the
+poet, which had been sold to the late Sir Robert Peel, and which was stated
+to have come from Ireland. Perhaps some of your readers could give
+information respecting this picture.
+
+It is clear, if the first three are all from the Chesterfield original,
+that this painting, and the one from which Mr. Pickering's is taken, cannot
+both be portraits of Spenser. The object of this Query is to ascertain, if
+possible, which engraving, or class of engravings, resembles the poet.
+
+E. M. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE VENDACE.
+
+The very remarkable fish called the _Vendace_ is to be found but in one
+place in the three kingdoms,--the Castle Loch of Lochmaben, a parish to the
+south of Dumfriesshire in Scotland. The Vendace, it is said, derives its
+name from _Vendois_ in France, and was brought to this country by one of
+the James's. This, however, is mere conjecture, and, from its habits,
+highly improbable--because _they die the moment they are either touched or
+exposed to the air_.
+
+According to Mr. Stewart (_Elements of Natural Hist._), the Vendace belongs
+to a species which he calls _Salmo albula_, or the "Juvangis."
+
+    "This species," he adds, "is found in Lochmaben in Scotland, and
+    _nowhere else_: it is said to have been carried thither from England in
+    the time of Robert the Bruce."
+
+Mr. Stewart describes the fish, but from his description it is evident he
+has never seen it. The following one is exact:--
+
+    "This beautiful fish measures from four to six inches in length, and
+    tapers gradually to the tail. When taken out of the water, it has a
+    bright silvery white appearance, with a slight tendency to a light blue
+    along the back and part of the sides. In size it resembles a small
+    herring or par, but particularly the former, not only in the mouth and
+    external appearance, but also in the anatomical structure. _Upon the
+    top of the head_ there is a very distinct _shape of a heart_, covered
+    with a transparent substance of a brownish colour, resembling a thin
+    lamina of mica slate, _through which the brain is visible_. This
+    peculiar mark proves it to be as yet a distinct and undescribed
+    species. Nothing is ever found visible to the naked eye in the stomach
+    of the Vendace. They are extremely delicate, and are allowed to be the
+    most pleasing to the taste of all fish. The general mode of catching
+    them is with a net, as there is no instance known of their having been
+    caught either with bait or the artificial fly. The pike, with which
+    this lake abounds, is their greatest enemy. It has been frequently
+    stated that no fewer than fifteen distinct species of fish, fit for the
+    table, have been found in the Castle Loch."
+
+Dr. Knox, sometime Lecturer upon Anatomy in Edinburgh, states:
+
+    "That he has not only discovered the food of the Vendace, but actually
+    exhibited it before the Members of the Royal Society, and offers
+    suggestions for the stocking of the various lakes in Britain with this
+    exquisite fish; pointing out first the necessity of locating its
+    natural food, without which it cannot live."
+
+Allowing, however, that some neighbouring lake could be covered with some
+of these invisible and "incredibly minute entomostraceous animals," which
+the learned lecturer says constitute their food, we should still find a
+difficulty in transferring the fish; as every attempt to do so, though
+conducted with the greatest possible care and nicety, _has failed_.
+
+In the preceding account, I have followed the Rev. John Gardiner of
+Lochmaben, who, in 1835, drew up an admirable account of his parish, which
+is inserted in the statistical survey of the county.
+
+The gentlemen of the county have formed a {302} _Vendace Club_, which meets
+at Lochmaben annually on the 25th and 26th of July, when they dine off the
+fish. I asked one of the members how long it had been in existence, and he
+said about thirty years.
+
+JARLTZBERG.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Ex Pede Herculem._--I shall feel much obliged if any of your
+correspondents or readers can inform me of the origin of the proverb "Ex
+pede Herculem." In what classical author is it to be found? I have looked
+in vain through _Erasmi Adagia_ for it.
+
+H. H.
+
+"_To-day we purpose._"--Will any one be good enough to say where these
+lines (quoted by Mr. Ruskin, _Modern Painters_, vol. ii. p. 188.) are to be
+found:--
+
+ "To-day we purpose, ay, this hour we mount
+  To spur three leagues towards the Apennine;
+  Come down, we pray thee, ere the hot sun count
+  His dewy rosary on the eglantine"
+
+G. N.
+
+"_God takes those soonest whom He loves the best._"--Where shall we find
+the origin of this expression, so frequently occurring on tombstones in
+almost all parts of the country? Or how far back can it be traced? The
+following, in Rainham church, Kent, is of the year 1626:
+
+ "Here slepes my babe in silence, heauen's his rest,
+  For God takes soonest those he loueth best."
+
+T. H. K.
+
+Malew, Man.
+
+_Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope._--At what period, and in what author
+besides Veryard's _Tour in the Low Countries_, is the story of two Quakers
+being imprisoned in the Lazzaretto in Rome, for attempting to convert the
+Pope, to be found? Were they persons of any standing in the Society?
+
+B. S. S.
+
+_Whychcote of St. John's._--In one of the volumes published under the
+foregoing title, in 1833, there is a striking story, evidently fictitious
+in the main, but assuming, as an element of fact, the remembered existence
+of a head-stone over a grave in the little burial-ground, under the shadow
+of the venerable ruins of Tynemouth Priory in Northumberland, containing
+the single word "Fanny." Does any one of the Tyneside readers of the "NOTES
+AND QUERIES" personally recollect the actual existence of such a memorial?
+Is the _real name_ of the author of the entertaining work disclosed in any
+subsequent publication, or is it generally known?
+
+J. D.
+
+_Meaning of Rechibus, &c._--Among the rights claimed by the Esturmys in
+Savernak forest, 8 Edw. III., occurs--
+
+    "Et omnia placita de leporibus, rechibus, heymectis, tessonibus,
+    vulpibus, murilegis, et perdricibus:"
+
+which I translate--
+
+    "And all pleas concerning hares, traps, hedgehogs, badgers, foxes,
+    wild-cats, and partridges:"
+
+but I confess I have no confidence in some of these words, as the
+glossaries in the British Museum Library fail to explain them. I therefore
+solicit your courteous assistance.
+
+JAMES WAYLEN.
+
+_Family of Queen Katherine Parr._--The pedigree of the once eminent family
+of Parr, as recorded in various printed works--Dugdale, Nicholls, Burke,
+&c., is far from being complete or satisfactory. Could any one versed in
+the genealogy of the northern counties supply any information on the
+following points?--
+
+I. The early descent.--Dugdale in his _Baronage_, commences with Sir
+William Parr, who married Elizabeth De Ros, 1383; but he states the family
+to have been previously "of knightly degree." A MS. pedigree in the
+Herald's College also mentions Sir William as "descended from a race of
+knights." Where is an account of this race to be found?
+
+II. The separation between the two lines of Parr and Kendal.--Sir Thomas
+Parr, father of Queen Katherine, died 1518, and his _Inq. p. m._ states him
+to have held manors, messuages, lands, woods, and rents, in Parr, Wigan,
+and Sutton. Ten years afterwards, 1528, Bryan Parr was found by _Inq. p.
+m._ to have held the manor, messauges, woods, lands, &c. of Parr. How was
+Bryan related to Sir Thomas?
+
+III. The descendant in the fourth degree of Bryan was Henry Parr, of Parr,
+who was, according to a MS. in the college, aged twenty in 1621. Had he any
+descendants?
+
+If no positive information can be afforded, yet a clue to where it might be
+sought for would oblige.
+
+GENEALOGICUS LANCASTRIENSIS.
+
+_Skort._--
+
+ "Or wily Cyppus that can wink and snort,
+  While his wife dallies on Maecenas' skort."--Hall, _Satires_, Book iv.
+      Sat. 1. (Whittingham's edition, 1824.)
+
+Of course the general meaning of these two verses is obvious enough. But
+how is the latter to be read? Are we to read "dallies on," as one word,
+_i.e._ keeps dallying, and "skort" (as a mere abbreviation of the Latin
+"scortum") as nominative in apposition with "wife?" If so, the verse is
+intelligible, though harsh enough even for Hall.
+
+If not, the word "skort" must have some other meaning which I am
+unacquainted with. I cannot find it at all in Halliwell, the only authority
+I have at hand to refer to.
+
+K. I. P. B. T.
+
+{303}
+
+_Religious Teaching in the German Universities._--Will any of your numerous
+readers direct me to any book or books containing information on the
+_present state_ of religion and religious teaching in the German
+Universities?
+
+ROVERT.
+
+_Epigram by Dunbar--Endymion Porter._--Can any of your correspondents
+supply the deficient verses in the following epigram, addressed by Thomas
+Dunbar, keeper of the Ashmolean Museum from 1815 to 1822, to Miss Charlotte
+Ness, who required him to explain what was meant by the terms _abstract_
+and _concrete?_
+
+ "Say what is _abstract_, what _concrete_,
+    Their difference define?
+  They both in one fair person meet,
+    And that fair form is thine.
+      *    *    *    *
+      *    *    *    *
+  For when I lovely Charlotte view,
+    I then view loveli_ness_."
+
+Can any one substantiate the local tradition the Endymion Porter was born
+at the manor-house of Aston Subedge, in Gloucestershire; or furnish any
+particulars of his life before he became gentleman of the bedchamber to
+Prince Charles?
+
+BALLIOLENSIS.
+
+_Sathaniel._--Can any of your correspondents inform me in what book, play,
+poem, or novel, a character named Sathaniel appears? There is a rather
+common picture bearing that title; it represents a dark young lady, in
+Eastern dishabille, with a turban on her head, reclining on a
+many-cushioned divan, and holding up a jewel in one hand. I have seen the
+picture so often, that my curiosity as to the origin of the subject has
+been completely aroused; and I have never yet found any one able to satisfy
+it.
+
+F. T. C.
+
+_The Scoute Generall._--I have in my possession a small 4to. MS. of 32
+pages, entitled _The Scoute Generall_, "communicating (impartially) the
+martiall affaires and great occurrences of the grand councell (assembled in
+the lowest House of Parliament) unto all kingdomes, by rebellion united in
+a covenant," &c., which is throughout written in verse, and particularly
+satirical against the Roundheads of the period (1646), and remarkable for
+the following prognostication of the death of the unfortunate monarch
+Charles I.:
+
+ "Roundheads bragge not, since 'tis an old decree,
+  In time to come from chaines wee should be free:
+  Traytors shall rule, Injustice then shall sway,
+  Subjects and nephewes shall their king betray;
+  And he himselfe, O most unhappy fate!
+  For kings' examples, kingdomes imitate:
+  What he maintain'd, I know it was not good,
+  Brought in by force, and out shall goe by blood," &c.
+
+It occupies about thirty lines more. At the bottom of the title, and at the
+conclusion of the postscript, it has merely the initials S. D. Could any of
+your worthy correspondents inform me who S. D. was?
+
+The MS. is evidently cotemporary, and, according to the introduction, was
+"ordered to be forthwith published, [MDCXLVI in apostrophus form].;" and as
+I cannot trace that such a production was ever issued, the answer would
+confer a favour on
+
+C. HAMILTON.
+
+City Road, April 1. 1851.
+
+_Arthur Pomeroy, Dean of Cork._--Can any one of your genealogical readers
+assist me in ascertaining the parentage of Arthur Pomeroy, who was made
+Dean of Cork in 1672? He was fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, in which
+university he graduated as A.B. in 1660, M.A. in 1664, and S.T.P. in 1676.
+He is stated in Archdale's edition of Lodge's _Peerage of Ireland_ (article
+"Harberton") to have sprung from the Pomeroys of Ingsdon in Devonshire, and
+is stated to have gone to Ireland as chaplain to the Earl of Essex, Lord
+Lieutenant.
+
+J. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Civil War Tract._--
+
+    "A Letter sent from a worthy Divine, to the Right Honourable the Lord
+    Mayor of the City of London. Being a true relation of the battaile
+    fought betweene His Majesty and his Excellence the Earle of Essex. From
+    Warwicke Castle, the 24. of October, 1642, at two a clock in the
+    morning. Together with a Prayer for the happy uniting of the King and
+    parliament, fit to be used by all good Christians, daily in their
+    houses. London, Octob. 27. Printed for Robert Wood. 1642."
+
+The above is the title of a tract now in my possession. Is it known to any
+collector of tracts relating to the Battle of Edgehill? Who was the "worthy
+divine," the writer?
+
+P. Q.
+
+    [On the title-page of this tract among the King's pamphlets in the
+    British Museum, the name of Mr. Bifield has been written. No doubt it
+    is the production of the Rev. Adoniram Byfield, chaplain to Col.
+    Cholmondeley's regiment, in the army of the Earl of Essex in 1642, and
+    who was subsequently one of the scribes to the Assembly of Divines, and
+    a most zealous Covenanter. See Wood's _Athenae_, by Bliss, vol. iii. p.
+    670.]
+
+_Trisection of the Circle._--Has the problem of the trisection of the angle
+been solved? or, if not, is there any reward for its solution; and what
+steps should be taken to obtain it?
+
+JOHN VINCENT LYSTER.
+
+    [The problem of the trisection of the angle by aid of the straight line
+    and circle, used as in Euclid, has never been solved--no reward was
+    ever offered for its solution.]
+
+_Wolsey's Son._--Can any of your readers give an account of a son of
+Cardinal Wolsey, whose existence is recorded in a letter from Eustace {304}
+Chapuys to the Emperor Charles V., October 25, 1529, in the following
+words:--
+
+    "The cardinal has now retired with a very small train to a place about
+    ten miles hence. A son of his has been sent for from Paris, who was
+    there following his studies, and of whom I have formerly made some
+    mention to your Majesty"--_Correspondence of Charles V._, p. 291.
+
+Cardinal Beaton had lots of bastards, but I never remember to have seen in
+any account of Wolsey mention made of natural children.
+
+J. M.
+
+    [The existence of a natural son of Cardinal Wolsey is a _fact_ as well
+    ascertained as any other _fact_ of the Cardinal's history, and referred
+    to in the various biographies of him that have appeared. His name was
+    Thomas Winter. In Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, vol. xxxii. pp.
+    255. and 256. _note_, reference is made to a Bull of Pope Julius II.,
+    dated August, 1508, to be found in Kennet's MSS. in the British Museum,
+    in which he is styled, "dilecti filio Thomae Wulcy," Rector of Lymington
+    diocese of Bath and Wells, Master of Arts, "_pro dispensatione ad
+    tertium incompatibile_." This is explained by the passage in Wood's
+    _Athenae Oxon. Fasti_, part i. p. 73. (Bliss ed.), relating to him.
+    "This Tho. Winter, who was nephew (or rather nat. son) to Cardinal Tho.
+    Wolsey, had several dignities confer'd upon him before he was of age,
+    by the means of the said Cardinal," viz. the archedeaconry of York,
+    1523; chancellorship of the church of Sarum; the deanery of Wells,
+    1525; the provostship of Beverly; and the archdeaconry of Richmond,
+    &c.: on which there is a note by Baker, that "this Tho. Winter is said
+    to have held of the church's goods clearly more than 2000 pds. per an."
+    Wood adds, that about the time of the Cardinal's fall, he gave up all
+    or most of his dignities, keeping only the archdeaconry of York, which
+    he resigned also in 1540. In Grove's _Life and Times of Cardinal
+    Wolsey_, vol. iv. p. 315., among the "Articles" against the Cardinal,
+    Article XXVII. expressly charges him, "that he took from his son Winter
+    his income of 2,700l. a-year, applied it to his own use, and gave him
+    only 200l. yearly to live on." A reference is made in Sir H. Ellis's
+    _Letters Illustrative of English History_, 2nd Series, vol. ii. p. 70.,
+    to a letter of Edmund Harvel to Dr. Starkey, dated from Venice, April
+    1535, in which the writer expresses his obligations to Mr. Winter, for
+    his "friendly mynde toward him," and begs him to return his thanks.
+
+    In Mr. Galt's _Life of Wolsey_ (Appendix IV. p. 424. of Bogue's
+    edition) will be found a copy of a letter from John Clusy to Cromwell,
+    in relation to a natural daughter of Wolsey's in the nunnery of
+    Shaftesbury.]
+
+_Cardinals and Abbots in the English Church._--It may not be generally
+known, but the fact is so, that the English church numbers two CARDINALS
+and a LORD ABBOT amongst her members. In Whitaker's _Clerical Diary_, under
+the head of London Diocese, there is attached to St. Paul's a senior and a
+junior cardinal; and in Ireland exists the exempt jurisdiction of Newry and
+Mourne, under the government of the Lord Abbot, who is the Earl of
+Kilmorey. Can any of your readers give me any information respecting these
+officials?
+
+W. J.
+
+    [_Cardinal._--The title of cardinal (_cardinalis_) in early times was
+    frequently applied to any bishop, priest, or deacon holding an official
+    post. In France there were many cardinal priests: thus, the curate of
+    the parish of St. John de Vignes is called, in old charters, the
+    cardinal priest of that parish. There were also cardinal deacons, who
+    had the charge of hospitals for the poor, and who ranked above the
+    other deacons. Thus, two of the minor canons of St. Paul's are called
+    _cardinals of the choir_, whose duties are to preserve order in Divine
+    service, administer the Eucharist, and officiate at funerals. In former
+    times, they heard confessions and enjoined penances. (Newcourt's
+    _Repertorium_, vol. i. p. 233.) It was not till the twelfth century
+    that the Sacred College of Cardinals was organised; nor was it till
+    1567 that clergymen were forbidden by Pius V. to assume the title of
+    cardinal unless appointed by the Pope.
+
+    _Lay Abbots._--In early times we frequently find secular persons
+    denominated "field abbots" and "abbot counts," upon whom the sovereign
+    had bestowed certain abbeys, for which they were obliged to render
+    military service, as for common fiefs. In the time of Charles the Bald
+    many of the nobility in France were abbots, having a dean to officiate
+    for them. Thus, too, in Scotland, James Stuart, the natural son of
+    James V., was, at the time of the Reformation, Prior of St. Andrew's,
+    although a secular person. The Earl of Kilmorey, who is impropriator of
+    the tithes of St. Mary, Newry, is a lay abbot, or representative of the
+    preceding abbots of a Cistertian Abbey which formerly existed in that
+    town. His abbatial functions, however, are confined to convening
+    ecclesiastical courts, and granting probates of wills, and licenses for
+    marriages, subject only to the metropolitan jurisdiction of the
+    Archbishop of Armagh. A remnant of the secularisation of ecclesiastical
+    dignities has already been noticed in our pages (Vol. ii., pp. 447.
+    500.), in the case of the late Duke of York, who was at the same time
+    Commander-in-chief and Bishop of Osnaburg.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 375.)
+
+Your correspondent J. MT. has great reason to congratulate himself on the
+possession of the singularly curious tract which he describes, and which
+gives an autobiography of this extraordinary adventurer. I am not aware of
+any other copy in any public or private collection. I have a 4to. tract in
+nineteen pages, evidently printed abroad, the title of which is--
+
+"Balthazar Gerbier, Knight,
+to
+All Men that love Truth."
+
+{305}
+
+This gives a very interesting life of him by himself, perfectly distinct
+from, and containing many particulars not given in the tract possessed by
+your correspondent, which also contains matter not in the above. I have
+likewise another tract, privately printed in Holland in English, French,
+and Dutch, in fifteen pages 12mo., the English title to which is--
+
+"A true Manifest,
+By S^r B. Gerbier.
+Anno
+1653."
+
+In this, which gives some curious particulars as to "Mr. Hughe Peeters,"
+and the book entitled _The Nonsuch Charles_, he refers to another "little
+manifest" published on the 2nd day of October, 1652, "that the world might
+take notice that he was not at all invested with any foreigne engagement."
+Of the tract so referred to, I regret to say no copy is known. None of the
+other three tracts appear to have been seen by Horace Walpole, who had
+collected a great number of Gerbier's pamphlets, and also the MS. next
+mentioned, which, at the Strawberry Hill sale, came together into my
+possession. The MS. contains the original appointments of Sir Balthazar to
+the offices he held while in England, a pedigree of his family beautifully
+emblazoned, and a large quantity of MS., prose and poetry, in his
+autograph; including a most extensive collection of projects and proposals,
+which seem to have been equally at the service of England or France. The
+best account we have of Gerbier is that which Horace Walpole has supplied
+in the _Anecdotes of Painting_ (see _Works_, vol. iii. p. 189.); but his
+diplomatic negotiations, and his career as an artist and adventurer, never
+forgetting his academy at Whitefriars and Bethnal Green, would furnish
+matter for a very amusing volume. The general biography, however, to which
+he would be most appropriately remitted, and which is still a desideratum
+in literature, is that which is proposed by Dr. Johnson, in Chalmers's
+admirable parody:
+
+    "I think a good book might be made of scoundrels. I would have a
+    _Biographia Flagitiosa_, the Lives of Eminent Scoundrels from the
+    earliest accounts to the present day."
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE TRAVELS OF BARON MUNCHAUSEN.
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 519.; Vol. iii., p. 117.)
+
+Is not your correspondent J. ME. in error when he says the original travels
+of the Baron were written to ridicule Bruce? I think this will only apply
+to the second volume, or "Sequel," seeing that there exists an edition of
+_Gulliver Revived_, printed at Oxford, 1786, four years before Bruce
+published. J. ME. further remarks, that there was at one time reason to
+believe that James Graham was the author of the well-known book in
+question, but that circumstances have come to his knowledge altogether
+precluding the possibility that the author of _The Sabbath_ and _The
+Travels of Baron Munchausen_ are identical.
+
+To me it appears there were _two_ of these James Grahams, and that from
+their being contemporaries, they are usually rolled into one. I have in my
+library a volume containing _Wallace, a Tragedy_, Edinburgh, 1799; and
+_Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, an Historical Drama_, Edinburgh, 1801, which
+appears to have belonged to Mr. George Chalmers, upon the titles of which
+that gentleman has written, "by James Graham, Advocate, Edinburgh, son of
+T. Graham, a writer of reputation in Glasgow."
+
+From this one would think Mr. Chalmers had the author of _The Sabbath_ in
+his eye: a conclusion, however, difficult to come to in the face of a
+critique which thus characterises the tragedy of _Wallace_:
+
+    "The play is not uninteresting, and the author has exhibited occasional
+    proofs of poetical genius; but there are some passages in the piece
+    that fall little short of blasphemy:"
+
+--a charge which, of course, could never apply to this "lovable" and
+subsequently _reverend_ author of _The Sabbath_, a poem breathing the
+humblest piety, and published only five years after _Wallace_; consequently
+here is, in the author of the tragedy of _Wallace_, another James Graham at
+the service of J. ME., to whom, if his other proofs are strong, the Baron
+may be assigned with more probability.
+
+I may add, taking it for granted that Chalmers was right in claiming these
+two plays for a James Graham, that there is the strongest corroborative
+proof of there being two of the name in the existence of _Mary Stewart, a
+Dramatic Poem_, the acknowledged performance of the author of _The Sabbath_
+(see his _Poems_, 2 vols. 1809), a production differing in title, and
+bearing no resemblance, I should think, to the first named.
+
+While upon the subject, and presuming that the tragedy of _Wallace_ is
+known to J. ME., I may take the opportunity to ask him, as he is _ayont the
+Tweed_, whether there is really any authority for the assertion contained
+in the Abbotsford Library Catalogue, and also in that of Constable's
+Library, sold in 1817, that of this anonymous tragedy of _Wallace_ there
+were _only six copies printed_? Upon the face of mine there is nothing to
+indicate its rarity, it being an octavo, printed for A. Constable; but the
+remarkable book may be some other: your correspondents will, however, I
+dare say, be able to enlighten me.
+
+A COLLECTOR.
+
+_Baron Munchausen_ (Vol. ii., p. 519.).--As it was nearly thirty years
+since I had seen the _Percy Anecdotes_, I was obliged to speak doubtfully
+of {306} having derived from that work the statements that the author of
+_Munchausen_ was a Mr. "M----," and that he was a prisoner in France.
+Accident has within the last few days thrown in my way the very volume of
+the _Anecdotes_ in which this is stated (vol. v., _Anecdotes of Captivity_,
+p. 103.); and I find that I was mistaken only in supposing "M----'s" place
+of confinement to have been the Bastile, whereas the time is said to have
+been the Reign of Terror, and therefore of course the Bastile cannot have
+been the place.
+
+J. C. R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Tobacco in the East_ (vol. ii., pp. 155. 231.).--M. D. asks for "chapter
+and verse" of A. C. M.'s reference to Sale's _Koran_ respecting tobacco.
+
+Had A. C. M. recollected that tobacco (_Nicotiana_) is an American plant,
+he would hardly have asked whether "_tobacco_ is the word in the original"
+of the tradition mentioned by Sale in his _Preliminary Discourse_, Sec. 5. p.
+123. (4to. ed. 1734.) Happily Reland, whom Sale quotes (_Dissert.
+Miscell._, vol. ii. p. 280.), gives his authority, the learned orientalist,
+Dr. Sike, who received the Hadeth at Leghorn from Ibn Saleh, a young
+Muselman. It says, in good Arabic, that in the latter days Moslims,
+undeserving of the name, shall drink hashish (hemp), and call it tabak; the
+last words, "_yukal lehn tabaku_," are no doubt a modern addition by those
+who had heard of _tambako_ (the Romaic [Greek: tanpakon]). As the use of
+hashish or _hashishah_ (the herb), more completely _hashishata fukara_,
+i.e. Monk's Wort, a technical term for _hemp_, chewed as a narcotic by
+fakirs (monks), was not known till A.H. 608 (A.D. 1211), it could not be
+mentioned in the Koran unless Mohammed were, as Sale observes, "a prophet
+indeed." _Tabakak_, a plate, dish, or shelf, is now sometimes used by
+ignorant persons in the East for _tambako_, of which a complete account is
+given in the _Karabaden_, or great treatise of Materia Medica in Persian.
+Of that work, there is a beautifully written copy, made, probably, for the
+late Mr. Colebrooke, by whom it was presented to the library of the Royal
+Asiatic Society. I shall conclude by another Query: What is the Greek word
+transformed by Asiatic scribes into _Karabaden_?
+
+ANATOLICUS.
+
+_Captain John Stevens_ (Vol. ii., p. 359.).--This ingenious man, as to whom
+your correspondent inquires, was one of the hard-working translators in the
+early part of the last century. The materials for his biography are very
+scanty. He was a Roman Catholic, and at the Revolution followed the
+fortunes of his abdicating master, in whose service he accepted a
+commission, and accompanied him in the wars in Ireland. He was also
+employed in several other services, and died October 27, 1726. See
+_Biographia Dramatica_, vol. i. p. 691., edit. 1812. He is not noticed in
+Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, though as the continuator of
+Dugdale's _Monasticon_ he unquestionably ought to have been. Watt gives a
+list (_Bib. Brit._, vol. i. p. 880.) of his books and translations; but it
+is, as usual, very defective and erroneous. It does not include his
+translation of _Don Quixote_, of _Dupin_, of _An Evening's Intrigue_ (1707,
+8vo.), and a great number of other works; and it ascribes to him the
+_History of the Wars of Charles XII., King of Sweden_, London, 1715, which
+was written, as it needs no great sagacity to discover, by Daniel Defoe,
+though Chalmers and Wilson have not noticed it.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_MS. Catalogue of Norman Nobility_ (Vol. iii., p. 266.).--The MS. Catalogue
+of Norman Nobility referred to in No. 75., a document of great value, is or
+was in the possession of Sir William Betham, having been purchased by him
+about six years ago, from Mr. Boone, of New Bond Street.
+
+Your correspondent will find that Odardus de Loges was infeoffed by Earl
+Ranulph the 1st in the barony of Wigton in Cumberland, in which he was
+confirmed by Henry I. Bigod, whose name was attached to the charter of
+foundation of St. Werburg's Abbey, is elsewhere, according to Ormerod,
+called Robert.
+
+M. J. T.
+
+_Illustrations of Chaucer, No. III._ (Vol. iii., p. 258.).--
+
+ "_Fro Venus_ VALANUS _might this palais see._"
+             (or) volant
+  ? Might Venus, _volans_ fro this palais, see.
+                 (flying)
+
+[Greek: Phos].
+
+_Comets_ (Vol. iii., pp. 223. 253.).--If your correspondent S. P. O. R.
+wish to go fully into the history of comets, and be not alarmed at the
+prospect of three thick folios, through which I have gone, I can assure
+him, with considerable interest, let me recommend to him _Theatrum
+Cometicum, Auctore Stanislao Lubienietz Lubieniecio Rolitsio_, Amst., in 2
+vols. (but generally bound in three) folio. The first contains an immense
+correspondence, not merely with astronomers, but with poets, critics,
+physicians, and philosophers, to whom the indefatigable editor wrote for
+their opinions on the subject of comets. The second vol. gives a history of
+comets from the Deluge to 1665, and is a repository of everything bearing
+upon the subject. From this work Bayle derived his learning, when he wrote
+his most amusing work on comets.
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+_Pope Joan_ (Vol. iii., p. 265.).--NEMO will find much information on the
+question, "Whether Pope Joan ever held the keys of St. Peter?" in Alexander
+Cooke's _Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist; manifestly proving
+that a Woman_ {307} _called Joane was Pope of Rome: against the surmises
+and objections made to the contrary by Robert Bellarmini and Caesar
+Baronius, Cardinals, Florimondus Raemondus, and other Popish Writers,
+impudently denying the same_, 4to, pp. 128, 1610. The work was dedicated to
+the Archbishop of York, and was reprinted in 1625 in 4to., and in French,
+1633, 8vo. The author, in his address _To the Popish Reader_, says:
+
+    "_I offer unto thee here a discourse touching_ POPE JOANE _(if thou
+    darest read it, for fear of falling into thy Pope's curse), whose
+    Popedome I will make good unto thee, not by the testimonies of_
+    Pantaleon, _and_ Functius, _and_ Sleidan, _and_ Illyricus, _and_
+    Constantinus Phrygio, _and_ John Bale, _and_ Robert Barnes, _because
+    thou hast condemned their persons, and their books too, to hell; but by
+    the testimonies of thy brethren, the sonnes of thine own mother;
+    because, as one saith_, 'Amici contra amicum, et inimici pro inimico,
+    invincibile testimonium est.'"
+
+E. C. HARINGTON.
+
+The Close, Exeter.
+
+_Abbot Eustacius_ (Vol. iii., p. 141.).--As J. L.'s inquiry after an abbot
+of that name has hitherto been unsuccessful, perhaps he would like to know
+that Eustacia was abbess of the monastery at Shaftesbury (founded by King
+Alfred), tempore incerto, but probably in the time of Stephen. See Willis's
+_History of Abbeys_, and a _History of the Ancient Town of Shaftesbury_, p.
+21.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_The Vellum-bound Junius_ (Vol. iii., p. 262.).--In the Minor Queries of
+your Number 75., you have kindly inserted my notice on the vellum-bound
+_Junius_. I beg to state further, that the reason of my being so desirous
+to procure this copy at the Stowe sale was, that it was not only bound in
+vellum, but was also _printed_ on that article. If any of your
+correspondents can inform me of another copy _printed_ on vellum, I should
+be glad.
+
+W. D. HAGGARD.
+
+Bank of England, April 5, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Waste-Book_ (Vol. iii., pp. 118. 195. 251.).--Among a list of
+"the books printed for, and are to be sold by John Hancock, at the sign of
+the Three Bibles in Pope's-head Alley, in Cornhill," I find _The Absolute
+Accountant, or London Merchant_, containing instructions and directions for
+the methodical keeping of merchant's accounts, after the most exact and
+concise way of debtor and creditor; also a _Memorial_, vulgarly called a
+waste-book, and a cash-book, with a journal and a ledger, &c., 1670. This
+is the first reference I have seen to the correct designation of the book,
+which might have received it vulgar name of _waste_ from wast, the second
+person of _was_--thus the Memorial or the Wast-book.
+
+BLOWEN.
+
+_Cowdray_ (Vol. iii., p. 194.).--There is a misprint here of _Eastbourne_
+for _Easebourne_. There is a curious note on Cowdray, and the superstition
+attached to it, in Croker's _Boswell_, p. 711. 8vo. edit.
+
+C.
+
+_Solemnisation of Matrimony_ (Vol. ii., p. 464.).--A. A. will find, from
+Blackstone's _Commentaries_, vol. ii. p. 135., that in feudal times a
+husband had the power of protecting his lands from the wife's claim to
+dower, by endowing her, _ad ostium Ecclesiae_, with specific estates to the
+exclusion of others; or, if he had no lands at the time of the marriage, by
+an endowment in goods, chattels, or money. When special endowments were
+thus made, the husband, after affiance made and troth plighted, used to
+declare with what specific lands he meant to endow his wife ("_quod dotat
+eam de tali manerio_," &c.); and therefore, in the old York ritual (_Seld.
+Ux. Hebr._ l. ii. c. 27.) there is at this part of the matrimonial service
+the following rubric--"_Sacerdos interroget dotem mulieris; et si terra ei
+in dotem detur, tunc dicatur psalmus iste_", &c. When the wife was endowed
+_generally_, the husband seems to have said "with all my lands and
+tenements I thee endow," and then they all became liable to her dower. When
+he endowed her with personalty only, he used to say, "with all my worldly
+goods (or, as the Salisbury ritual has it, "with all my worldly chattels")
+I thee endow," which entitled the wife to her thirds, or _pars
+rationabilis_, of his personal estate, which is provided for by Magna
+Charta, cap. 26. The meaning, therefore, of the words noticed in A. A.'s
+Query, if they can be said to have any meaning in the present state of the
+law, is simply that the wife's dower is to be general, and not specific,
+or, in other words, that she is to have her _pars rationabilis_ in _all_
+her husband's goods.
+
+J. F. M.
+
+_Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke_ (Vol. iii., p. 262.).--Although
+J. H. M. has concluded that William Browne was not the author of this
+epitaph, because it is not to be found amongst his _Pastorals_, it would
+nevertheless appear that the lines are rightly attributed to him, if the
+following extract may be relied on:
+
+    "The well-known epitaph of the celebrated Countess of Pembroke, the
+    sister of Sir Philip Sidney, has been generally ascribed to Ben Jonson.
+    The first stanza is printed in Jonson's poems; but it is found in the
+    manuscript volume of poems by William Browne, the author of
+    _Britannia's Pastorals_, preserved in the Lansdown Collection, British
+    Museum, No. 777., and on this evidence may be fairly appropriated to
+    him, particularly as it is known that he was a great favourite with
+    William, Earl of Pembroke, son of the Countess."--_Relics of
+    Literature_: London, Boys, 1823, p. 60.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. ii., p. 393.; Vol. iii., pp. 11.
+151. 197. 225.).--Your correspondents seem to have overlooked the
+celebrated {308} letter of Queen Mary of Scotland, printed in the _State
+Trials_, and lately reprinted by Lord Campbell in his _Lives of the
+Chancellors_, tit. Sir C. Hatton. I may as well add (though I do not
+believe the fact) that my grandmother (herself a Devereux) repeated to me
+the tradition of a son of Queen Elizabeth's having been sent to Ireland.
+
+C.
+
+_The Tanthony_ (Vol. III., pp. 105. 229.).--I am obliged to A. for the
+trouble he has taken in reference to my Query; but perhaps I may be correct
+in my suggestion, for on looking into the second volume of the
+_Archaeological Journal_ the other day, I accidentally found an account of
+the discovery of a figure of St. Anthony at Merthyr, near Truro, in which
+it is mentioned that
+
+    "Under the left arm appears to have passed a staff, and the pig, with
+    _a large bell_ attached to its neck, appears in front of the
+    figure."--P. 202.
+
+I shall be much obliged to anybody who will settle the point
+satisfactorily. The fair held on old St. Andrew's Day is always called in
+Kimbolton and the neighbourhood "Tandrew" fair, so why not "Tanthony" for
+"Saint Anthony?"
+
+ARUN.
+
+_The Hippopotamus_ (Vol. iii., p. 181.).--Your correspondent MR. E. S.
+TAYLOR will find in Vol. ii, p. 458, an example of the word [Greek:
+hippopotamos] cited from Lucian, a writer anterior both to Horapollo and
+Damascius. In the same page is a reference to the story of the wickedness
+of the hippopotamus in Plutarch; so that Horapollo and Damascius,
+doubtless, borrowed from a common source, or repeated a current fable, to
+be found in many writings then extant.
+
+L.
+
+_Tu Autem_ (Vol. iii., p. 265).--The words "Tu autem, Domine, miserere
+nostri," "But Thou, O Lord! have mercy upon us," were originally a form of
+prayer used by the preacher at the end of his discourse, as a supplication
+for pardon for any sinful pride or vainglory, into which he might have been
+betrayed in addressing his congregation. Hence the words "tu autem," as
+Pegge properly says, came to denote a hint to the reader to leave off.
+
+The custom is still in constant use among the members of the cathedral
+church of Durham. At the public dinners given by the canons, in what is
+there called "hospitality residence," one of the choristers comes in after
+dinner, dressed in his official costume, and, taking his station behind the
+canon in residence, reads, in the manner which is now well known as
+_intoning_, eight verses of the 119th Psalm, first saying, "Here beginneth
+the ---- part of the 119th Psalm."
+
+When the eight verses are concluded, the canon turns round to the
+chorister, saying "tu autem," giving him a shilling; to which the chorister
+replies, "Domine miserere nostri," and retires.
+
+The explanation of the words, as originally employed, is given by Rupertus
+_De Divinis Officiis_, lib. i. c. xiv.:
+
+    DE "TU AUTEM DOMINE."
+
+    "Quodque in fine dicit, 'Tu autem Domine miserere nostri,' hoc innuit,
+    ne ipsum quidem bonum officium praedicandi sine alicujus vel levis culpae
+    pulvere possa pagi. Nam, ut ait B. Augustinus, 'Verbum praedicationis
+    securius auditur quam dicitur. Praedicator quippe cum bene dicere se
+    sentit, difficile nimis est ut non quantulumcunque spiritu elationis
+    tangat; et quia quasi per terram ambulat et pedes ejus pulvere
+    sordidantur, idcirco misericordia Dei indiget, ut in hac parte lavetur,
+    etiamsi mundus sit totus.'"
+
+From this explanation it is plain, that the Monk of St. Albans, writing to
+the abbot--
+
+ "Si vis, veniam; Sin autem, tu autem,"
+
+would be understood to express--
+
+    "If you wish, I will come; but if otherwise, there is an end of the
+    matter."
+
+T. C.
+
+Durham, April 8. 1851.
+
+_Places called Purgatory_ (Vol. iii., p. 241.).--There is a farm-house
+still called "Purgatory," about two miles south of Durham, east of the
+London road, and close to the left bank of the river Wear. The farm is part
+of the estate of a highly respectable family, which has, I believe, always
+been Roman Catholic. No reason for the name is known in the neighbourhood.
+
+T. C.
+
+Durham, April 8. 1851.
+
+_Swearing by Swans, &c._ (Vol. ii., p. 392.; Vol. iii., pp. 70. 192.).--In
+addition to what has already appeared on this subject, the following
+extract from Tyrwhitt's _Glossary to Chaucer_ will, I hope, be acceptable.
+
+    "Ale and Bred. This oath of Sire Thopas on ale and bred was perhaps
+    intended to ridicule the solemn vows, which were frequently made in the
+    days of chivalrie, to a peacock, a pheasant, or some other _noble
+    bird_."--See M. de Sainte Palaye, _Sur l'anc. Cheval._, Mem. iii^{me}.
+
+This practice is alluded to in "Dunbar's Wish that the King were Johne
+Thomsonnis man" (MS. Maitland, st. v.):
+
+ "I would gif all that ever I have
+  To that condition, so God me saif,
+  That ye had VOWIT TO THE SWAN
+  Ane yeir to be John Thomsonnis man."
+
+And so in the _Prol. to the Contin. of the Canterb. T._, ver. 452., the
+Hosteler says:
+
+    "I MAKE A VOWE TO THE PECOCK, ther shall wake a foule mist."
+
+The instance given in Vol. iii., p. 192., is recorded by Monstrelet, _Hist.
+de France, Charles VII._
+
+T. J.
+
+_Edmund Prideaux and the Post-office_ (Vol. iii., pp. 186. 266.).--In a MS.
+on parchment, now {309} before me, are contained entries of the dates of
+the various letters patent and grants connected with the post-office, to
+the latter end of the reign of Charles I., and the names of the persons to
+whom the grants were made. The earliest date is the 37th of Henry VIII.,
+and the last the 13th of Charles I. If an extract from the MS., which gives
+a similar index to the appointments in the Courts of Law, the Customs, the
+Forests, and a great variety of other offices, will assist your
+correspondent, I shall be happy to supply it. I may notice, what seems to
+have been overlooked by your two correspondents who have replied to the
+inquiry, that some account of Prideaux is given by Wood (Vid. _Fast._ vol.
+i. p. 424., edit. Bliss), from which it appears that he was M.A. of
+Cambridge, Member of the Inner Temple, Member of Parliament for Lyme in
+Dorsetshire, and Recorder of Exeter; and that his death took place on the
+19th Aug., 1659 (misprinted 1569 in this edit.), and that--
+
+    "From his employments gaining a vast estate, he left at the time of his
+    death an incredible mass of gold (as the credible report then went),
+    besides lands of very great demesnes."
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Small Words and "Low" Words_ (Vol. ii., pp. 305. 349. 377.).--Apropos to
+Pope's use of "low words," in the sense of _short_ words, conf. Boileau,
+satire iv. 97. 8.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+ "Lui faisant voir ses vers et sans force et sans graces,
+  Montes sur deux grands mots, comme sur deux echasses."
+
+On which one of his commentators makes the following note:
+
+    "Boileau, pour se moquer des mots gigantesques, citoit ordinairement ce
+    vers de Chapelain:
+
+     'De ce sourcilleux roc l'inebranlable cime.'
+
+    Et il disposoit ce vers comme il est ici a cote. Dans cette disposition
+    il semble que le mot 'roc' soit monte sur deux echasses.'
+
+I commend to [Phi].'s attention this instance of a "low" word supported on
+two "high" ones.
+
+K. I. P. B. T.
+
+_Lord Howard of Effingham_ (Vol. iii., pp. 185. 244.).--It has been
+supposed that the Earl of Nottingham was a Catholic, and having held office
+in the reign of Queen Mary, he probably was so at that time; but he
+certainly was a Protestant during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and in the
+beginning of James I. was at the head of a commission to discover and expel
+all Catholic priests. (Vide _Memorials of the Howard Family_.)
+
+R. R. M.
+
+_Obeahism.--Ventriloquism_ (Vol. iii., pp. 59. 149.).--T. H. will find, in
+the authorities given below, that Obeahism is not only a rite, but a
+religion, or rather superstition, viz. _Serpent-worship_. _Modern Universal
+History_, fol. vol. vi. p. 600.; 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 411.; which is indebted
+for its information to the works of De Marchais, Barbot, Atkyns, and
+Bosman: the last of which may be seen in Pinkerton's _Collection_, vol.
+xvi., and a review of it in _Acta Eruditor._, Lips. 1705, p. 265., under
+the form of an "Essay on Guinea." In Astely's _Collection of Voyages_,
+there is an account compiled from every authority then known, and a very
+interesting description of the rites and ceremonies connected with this
+superstition. According to the same authors, the influence of the Obeist
+does not depend on the exercise of any art or natural magic, but on the
+apprehensions of evil infused into his victim's mind. See also Lewis's
+_Journal of a Residence among the Negroes in the West Indies_.
+
+The following references will furnish a reply at once to two Queries; to
+that here noticed, and to that on "Ventriloquism" (Vol. ii., p. 88.).
+
+The name of the sacred serpent, which in the ancient language of Canaan was
+variously pronounced, was derived from "ob" (inflare), perhaps from his
+peculiarity of inflation when irritated. See Bryant's _Analysis_, vol. i.;
+Deane's _Worship of the Serpent_, p. 80. From a notion of the mysterious
+inflation produced by the presence of the divine spirit, those who had the
+spirit of Ob, or Python, received the names of Ob, or Pythia; according to
+the not unusual custom for the priest or priestess of any god to take the
+name of the deity they served. See Selden, _De Dis Syris_, Synt. 1. c. 2.
+It is a curious coincidence, that as the Witch of Endor is called "Oub,"
+and the African sorceress "Obi," from the serpent-deity _Oub_, so the old
+English name of a witch, "hag," bears apparent relationship to the word
+_hak_, the ancient British name of a species of snake. In Yorkshire,
+according to Stukeley, they call snakes "hags" and "hag-worms," (Abury, p.
+32.).
+
+In the Breton language, _Belech_ is "Priest," and may similarly indicate a
+priest of Bel-the-Dragon.
+
+From the Hebrew _Ob_, the Greek [Greek: ophis] was probably derived; for
+the same word, in Hebrew, Arabic, and Greek, which denotes "divination"
+denotes a "serpent." "Nachash,"[4] "ilahat,"[5] "[Greek: oionizesthai],"[6]
+have the same double signification as if the serpent were recognised as the
+grand inspirer of the heathen prophets. See Faber's _Horae Mosaicae_, vol. i.
+p. 98.
+
+The word "Ob" was translated by the LXX. [Greek: engastrimuthos], "a
+ventriloquist," in {310} accommodation to the received opinions respecting
+the Pythian priestess. See the Notes to Creech's _Lucretius_, book v.;
+Jones's (of Nayland) _Physiolog. Disquis._ p. 290. The deception practised
+by the Witch of Endor, and by the damsel mentioned in Acts xvi. 16., was of
+this description. See Wierus de _Praestig. Daemon._ p. 203.; and Reginald
+Scot's _Discoverie of Witchcraft_, p. 148.
+
+The serpent, which with heathen mythologists had various acceptations (see
+Vossius, _Theologia Gent. et Physiologia Christ._), was also understood as
+a natural symbol or hieroglyphic of the air. Can any of your learned
+correspondents furnish materials illustrative of this figurative relation
+between the serpent and the elements?
+
+T. J.
+
+[Footnote 4: See Parkhurst.]
+
+[Footnote 5: Dickinson's _Delphi Phoenic._, p. 10.]
+
+[Footnote 6: Stillingfleet's _Orig. Sacrae_, book iii. c. iii. s. 18.]
+
+_Meaning of Peep_ (Vol. ii., p. 118.).--You have already told us the
+meaning of the word _peep_ in the phrase "Wizards that _peep_ and that
+mutter;" in confirmation I may add that the noise made by the queen bee in
+the hive previous to swarming is in Devonshire called _peeping_.
+
+J. M. (4.)
+
+_Venwell or Venville_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--_Venwell_ or _Venville_ appears
+to me to be a corruption of the word _fengfield_; and the meaning of it
+seems to be, that custom of delivering possession of land to a purchaser by
+cutting a piece of turf from the field bought, and delivering it into his
+hands.
+
+I well remember, when a boy, accompanying my father to receive possession
+of an outlying field, distant from the main estate which he had bought; the
+seller's agent, I think, came with us and cut a small piece of turf from
+the ground, and delivered it into my father's hands, saying (if I recollect
+right), "By this turf I deliver this field into your possession." By this
+means my father "_fenged_" (took) the "_field_" into his own hands, and
+became the legal proprietor of it.
+
+P.
+
+_Venville._--The peat or black earth of Dartmoor is still called _ven_ or
+_fen_. Is it not more probable that the adjoining parishes (or parts of
+them) are said to be in Venville or fengfield, from their being within the
+peat district, than that an abbreviation of a legal term, _fines
+villarum_--_fin. vil._, should become naturalised among the peasantry, as
+is the case with the word Venville?
+
+The second part of the word seems akin to the Scottish _fail_, "a turf, or
+that clod covered with grass cut off from the rest of the sward."
+(Jamieson.)
+
+K.
+
+_Hand-bells at Funerals_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.).--In the _Testamenta
+Eboracensia_, p. 163., Johannes Esten de Scardeburgh, le Ankersymth,
+bequeaths 2d.--
+
+    "Clerico ecclesiae pro pulsacione campanarum, et le belman portand'
+    campanam per villam excitandum populum ad orandum."
+
+A hand-bell (as I am informed by a Roman Catholic gentleman) often precedes
+the Host, when carried in procession to the sick, &c., in order to clear
+the way, and remind passengers of the usual reverence paid at such times.
+
+B.
+
+Lincoln.
+
+_Shillings and Sixpences of George III._ (Vol. iii., p. 275.).--R. W. C.
+has fallen into a misconception in supposing that these coins present an
+erroneous spelling of the Latinized style of the monarch, whilst the
+contemporary crowns and half-crowns have the correct orthography. The
+spelling of the legend on the sixpences and shillings was intentional, and
+with a meaning, being inscribed in an abridged form--GEOR: III. D: G:
+BRITT: REX F: D:--the reduplication of the T was designed, after classical
+precedent, to represent the plural _Britanniarum_, i.e., Great Britain and
+Ireland.
+
+N.
+
+_Odour from the Rainbow_ (Vol. iii., p. 224.).--I hope that I have found
+JARLTZBERG'S note in the following lines:
+
+ "Like to that smell which oft our sense descries
+  Within a field which long unploughed lies,
+  Somewhat before the setting of the sun;
+  And where the rainbow in the horizon
+  Doth pitch her tips; or as when in the prime,
+  The earth being troubled with a drought long time,
+  The hand of heaven his spongy clouds doth strain,
+  And throws into her lap a shower of rain;
+  She sendeth up (conceived from the sun)
+  A sweet perfume and exhalation."
+      Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, Book i. Song 2.
+          [Clarke's Cabinet Series, 1845, p. 70.]
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+_Odour from the Rainbow._--The following stanzas are from a poem, called
+"The Blind Girl," in a publication by Pickering, 1845, of _Memorials of a
+Tour, and Miscellaneous Poems_, by Robert Snow, Esq. Lond., 1845:--
+
+ "Once in our porch whilst I was resting,
+    To hear the rain-drops in their mirth,
+  You said you saw the rainbow cresting
+    The heavens with colour, based on earth:
+
+  And I believe it fills the showers
+    With music; and when sweeter air
+  Than common breathes from briar-rose bowers,
+    Methinks, the Rainbow hath touched there."
+
+    [We have reason to believe that the idea was suggested to Mr. Snow
+    neither from Bacon's _Sylva_, nor from any of our English poets, but
+    from a Greek writer after the Christian era, referred to by Coleridge
+    in his _Table Talk_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Mr. Hepworth Dixon, who is already favourably known as the author of a
+_Life of Howard_, has just published _William Penn, an Historical
+Biography_. It is unquestionably a book of considerable talent; and even
+those who may be most inclined to dissent from the {311} author's views of
+the political principles of the Quakers (and we suspect many of the Quakers
+themselves will be found among that number), will admit that in treating
+him not as a mere Quaker, as preceding biographers had been too much
+disposed to do, but as "a great English historical character--the champion
+of the Jury Laws--the joint leader, with Algernon Sidney, of the
+Commonwealth men--the royal councillor of 1684-8--the courageous defender
+of Free Thought--the founder of Pennsylvania"--Mr. Dixon has succeeded in
+the task which he had proposed to himself, namely, that of transforming
+William Penn "from a myth into a man." His vindication of this great man
+from what he designates "The Macaulay Charges" would not, however, have
+lost one iota of its efficiency, had it been couched in somewhat more
+measured terms.
+
+Mr. Murray announces _The Grenville Papers; being the Private
+Correspondence of Richard Grenville Earl Temple, his brother George
+Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries_, as in the press. It will
+contain some letters from Junius, and Mr. Grenville's Diary, particularly
+during his premiership, from 1763 to 1765. The fifth and sixth volumes of
+Lord Mahon's _History of England from the Peace of Utrecht_ are also at
+press.
+
+Lady Theresa Lewis is nearly ready with a work which cannot but be of great
+interest. It is entitled _Lives of the Friends and Contemporaries of Lord
+Chancellor Clarendon, illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery; with an
+Account of the Origin of the Collection; and a descriptive Catalogue of the
+Pictures_. It will form two volumes, and be accompanied by illustrative
+portraits.
+
+Mr. Colburn announces a new library edition of Miss Strickland's _Lives of
+the Queens of England_. Although revised and considerably augmented by new
+materials which have been placed at Miss Strickland's disposal since the
+appearance of the earlier impressions of her book, this edition is to be
+comprised in eight monthly volumes.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Buried City of the East: Nineveh._ A popular view of
+the discovery of the remains of the great city, compiled principally from
+Botta, and illustrated with numerous woodcuts, affords information enough,
+perhaps, for those who may be unable to consult the stirring narrative of
+Layard himself, but must send to his pages a great number of readers, in
+whom it can only serve to waken a lively interest in this great triumph of
+individual perseverance.--_The Iliad of Homer, literally translated, with
+explanatory Notes_, by T. A. Buckley, B.A., is the new volume of Bohn's
+_Classical Library_; and the Editor expresses his hopes "that it will be
+found to convey, more accurately than any which has preceded it, the words
+and thoughts of the original." The work has obviously been executed with
+great care; and the notes, though brief, are to the point.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. XXI.
+of Books Old and New; J. Russell Smith's (4. Old Compton Street) Catalogue
+Part III. of Choice Useful and Curious Books, English and Foreign; and
+Catalogue of a singular Collection of 25,000 Ancient and Modern Tracts and
+Pamphlets, Part II.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+
+  CLARE'S RURAL MUSE
+
+  PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522.
+
+  CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681.
+
+  BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705.
+
+*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
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+
+
+Notices To Correspondents.
+
+_Among many articles of great interest which are in type, but unavoidably
+postponed until next Saturday, the fourth and last in the month, when we
+shall consequently publish a double number, are Shakspeare and Fletcher, by
+Mr. Hickson--Illustrations of Chaucer, No. IV.--Illustrations of
+Tennyson--Sallust and Tacitus--Haybands in Seals, by Mr. Lower, Mr. Burtt,
+and L. B. L.--North Side of Churchyards--Sir F. Kynaston's Academy, by Dr.
+Rimbault--and several very important communications on the proposed_
+MONUMENTARIUM ANGLICANUM.
+
+S. J. R. _is referred to our First Volume, p. 467., for information on the
+subject of May Marriages being unlucky_.
+
+AN OLD BOY. _We will do our best to follow the good advice so pleasantly
+given; but he has little knowledge of the difficulty of pleasing all--to
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+
+H. K. G. S. _Received with great regret. We believe we best consulted the
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+
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+
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+9s. 6d. each_.
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
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+
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+
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+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+SINGLE MAPS, plain, 6d. each; coloured, 9d.
+
+MAP OF LONDON, for the convenience of VISITORS to the EXHIBITION, plain,
+1s.; coloured, 1s. 6d.; bound in cloth, 3s.
+
+The whole of the Maps are corrected to the present time, and a Prospectus,
+with full particulars, will be forwarded post-free on application to the
+Publisher, 90. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, foolscap 8vo., cloth with Steel Engraving, price 4s. 6d.
+
+THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS and other Tales. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A New Edition, 24mo., price 5s., of
+
+KEMPIS DE IMITATIONE CHRISTI, et Contemptu Mundi, omniumque ejus vanitatum,
+Libri IV. Codex De Advocatis Seculi xiii. With Life by CHARLES BUTLER.
+
+WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A New Edition, 8vo., with Frontispiece, "Ecce Homo," engraved by Robinson,
+after a Painting by Guercino, 9s.,
+
+OF the IMITATION of JESUS CHRIST.
+
+Translated from the Latin original, ascribed to THOMAS A KEMPIS. By T. F.
+DIBDIN, D.D.
+
+WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5 New
+Street Square, in the parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 19, 1851.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 300, "The duad represented the line" - original reads 'decad', making
+no sense in view of what follows. Duad (more likely to be misread than
+dyad) seems correct.
+
+page 302, "there is a striking story" - original reads 'strlking'.
+
+page 304, "a letter from Eustace Chapuys" - original reads 'Chaupys'.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 77, April
+19, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
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