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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 3, 2008 [EBook #26767]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: on page 399, "Yule College" in the original is
+corrected to "Yale College".
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{381}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 208.]
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                 Page
+
+  A Prophet                                                 381
+
+  FOLK LORE:--Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire--New
+  Brunswick Folk Lore--North Lincolnshire Folk
+  Lore--Portuguese Folk Lore                                382
+
+  Pope and Cowper, By J. Yeowell                            383
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by Patrick Muirson, &c.        383
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Judicial Families--Derivation of
+  "Topsy Turvy"--Dictionaries and Encyclopædias--
+  "Mary, weep no more for me"--Epitaph at Wood
+  Ditton--Pictorial Pun                                     384
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Sir Thomas Button's Voyage, 1612, by John Petheram        385
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--The Words "Cash" and "Mob"
+  --"History of Jesus Christ"--Quantity of the Latin
+  Termination -anus--Webb and Walker Families--
+  Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes"--Point of Etiquette
+  --Napoleon's Spelling--Trench on Proverbs--Rings
+  formerly worn by Ecclesiastics--Butler's "Lives of
+  the Saints"--Marriage of Cousins--Castle Thorpe,
+  Bucks--Where was Edward II. killed?--Encore--
+  Amcotts' Pedigree--Blue Bell: Blue Anchor--
+  "We've parted for the longest time"--Matthew
+  Lewis--Paradise Lost--Colonel Hyde Seymour--
+  Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire--Poems published at
+  Manchester--Handel's Dettingen Te Deum--
+  Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.                 386
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--The Ligurian Sage
+  --Gresebrok in Yorkshire--Stillingfleet's Library--
+  The whole System of Law--Saint Malachy on the
+  Popes--Work on the Human Figure                           389
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  "Namby Pamby," and other Words of the same Form           390
+  Earl of Oxford                                            392
+  Picts' Houses                                             392
+  Pronunciation of "Humble"                                 393
+  School Libraries                                          395
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Albumenized Paper
+  --Cement for Glass Baths--New Process for Positive
+  Proofs                                                    395
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Groaning Elmplank
+  in Dublin--Passage in Whiston--"When
+  Orpheus went down"--Foreign Medical Education
+  --"Short red, good red"--Collar of SS.--Who first
+  thought of Table-turning--Passage of Thucydides on
+  the Greek Factions--Origin of "Clipper" as applied
+  to Vessels--Passage in Tennyson--Huet's Navigations
+  of Solomon--Sincere--The Saltpetre Man--
+  Major André--Longevity--Passage in Virgil--Love
+  Charm from a Foal's Forehead--Wardhouse, where
+  was?--Divining Rod--Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle--
+  Pagoda                                                    397
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              401
+  Notices to Correspondents                                 401
+  Advertisements                                            402
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+A PROPHET.
+
+What a curious book would be "Our Prophets and Enthusiasts!" The literary
+and biographical records of the vaticinators, and the heated spirits who,
+after working upon the fears of the timid, and exciting the imaginations of
+the weak, have flitted into oblivion! As a specimen of the odd characters
+such a work would embrace, allow me to introduce to your readers Thomas
+Newans, a Shropshire farmer, who unhappily took it into his head that his
+visit to the lower sphere was on a special mission.
+
+Mr. Newans is the author of a book entitled _A Key to the Prophecies of the
+Old and New Testament_; showing (among other impending events) "The
+approaching Invasion of England;" "The Extirpation of Popery and
+Mahometisme;" "The Restoration of the Jews," and "The Millennium." London:
+printed for the Author (who attests the genuineness of my copy by his
+signature), 1747.
+
+In this misfitted key he relates how, in a vision, he was invested with the
+prophetic mantle:
+
+    "In the year 1723, in the night," says Mr. Newans, "I fell into a
+    dream, and seemed to be riding on the road into the county of Cheshire.
+    When I was got about eight miles from home, my horse made a stop on the
+    road; and it seemed a dark night, and on a sudden there shone a light
+    before me on the ground, which was as bright as when the sun shines at
+    noon-day. In the middle of that bright circle stood a child in white.
+    It spoke, and told me that I must go into Cheshire, and I should find a
+    man with uncommon marks upon his feet, which should be a warning to me
+    to believe; and that the year after I should have a cow that would
+    calve a calf with his heart growing out of his body in a wonderful
+    manner, as a token of what should come to pass; and that a terrible war
+    would break out in Europe, and in fourteen years after the token it
+    would extend to England."
+
+In compliance with his supernatural communication, our farmer proceeded to
+Cheshire, where he found the man indicated; and, a year after, his own farm
+stock was increased by the birth of a calf with his heart growing out. And
+after taking his family, of seven, to witness to the truth of {382} what he
+describes, he adds with great simplicity: "So then I rode to London to
+acquaint the ministers of state of the approaching danger!"
+
+This story of the calf with the heart growing out, is not a bad type of the
+worthy grazier himself, and his _hearty_ and burning zeal for the
+Protestant faith. Mr. Newans distinctly and repeatedly predicts that these
+"two beastly religions," _i. e._ the Popish and Mahomedan, will be totally
+extirpated within seven years! And "I have," says he, "for almost twenty
+years past, travelled to London and back again into the country, near fifty
+journies, and every journey was two hundred and fifty miles, to acquaint
+the ministers of state and several of the bishops, and other divines, with
+the certainty, danger, and manner of the war" which was to bring this
+about. Commenting on the story of Balaam, our prophet says: "And now the
+world is grown so full of sin and wickedness, that if a dumb ass should
+speak with a man's voice, they would scarce repent:" and I conclude that
+the said statesmen and divines did not estimate these prophetic warnings
+much higher than the brayings of that quadruped which they turned out to
+be. Mr. Newan professes to gave penned these vaticinations in the year
+1744, twenty-one years after the date of his vision; so that he had ample
+time to mature them. What would the farmer say were he favoured with a peep
+at our world in 1853, with its Mussulman system unbroken; and its cardinal,
+archbishops, and Popish bishops firmly established in the very heart of
+Protestant England?
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire._--About twenty years ago, at Hildersham,
+there was a custom of ringing the church bell at five o'clock in the
+leasing season. The cottagers then repaired to the fields to glean; but
+none went out before the bell was rung. The bell tolled again in the
+evening as a signal for all to return home. I would add a Query, Is this
+custom continued; and is it to be met with in any other place?
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+_New Brunswick Folk Lore_:--_Common Notions respecting Teeth._--Among the
+lower orders and negroes, and also among young children of respectable
+parents (who have probably derived the notion from contact with the others
+as nurses or servants), it is here very commonly held that when a tooth is
+drawn, if you refrain from thrusting the tongue in the cavity, the second
+tooth will be golden. Does this idea prevail in England?
+
+_Superstition respecting Bridges._--Many years ago my grandfather had quite
+a household of blacks, some of whom were slaves and some free. Being bred
+in his family, a large portion of my early days was thus passed among them,
+and I have often reverted to the weird superstitions with which they froze
+themselves and alarmed me. Most of these had allusion to the devil:
+scarcely one of them that I now recollect but referred to him. Among others
+they firmly held that when the clock struck twelve at midnight, the devil
+and a select company of his inferiors regularly came upon that part of the
+bridge called "the draw," and danced a hornpipe there. So firmly did they
+hold to this belief, that no threat nor persuasion could induce the
+stoutest-hearted of them to cross the fatal draw after ten o'clock at
+night. This belief is quite contrary to that which prevails in Scotland,
+according to which, Robin Burns being my authority, "neither witches nor
+any evil spirits have power to follow a poor wight any farther than the
+middle of the next running stream."[1]
+
+C. D. D.
+
+New Brunswick, New Jersey.
+
+[Footnote 1:
+
+  "Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg,
+  And win the key-stane of the brig:
+  There at them thou thy tail may toss,
+  A running stream they dare na crass."--_Tam O'Shanter._
+
+ ]
+
+_North Lincolnshire Folk Lore._--Here follow some shreds of folk lore which
+I have not seen as yet in "N. & Q." They all belong to North Lincolnshire.
+
+1. Death sign. If a swarm of bees alight on a dead tree, or on the dead
+bough of a living tree, there will be a death in the family of the owner
+during the year.
+
+2. If you do not throw salt into the fire before you begin to churn, the
+butter will not come.
+
+3. If eggs are brought over running water they will have no chicks in them.
+
+4. It is unlucky to bring eggs into the house after sunset.
+
+5. If you wear a snake's skin round your head you will never have the
+headache.
+
+6. Persons called Agnes always go mad.
+
+7. A person who is born on Christmas Day will be able to see spirits.
+
+8. Never burn egg-shells; if you do, the hens cease to lay.
+
+9. If a pigeon is seen sitting in a tree, or comes into the house, or from
+being wild suddenly becomes tame, it is a sign of death.
+
+10. When you see a magpie you should cross yourself; if you do not you will
+be unlucky.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors.
+
+_Portuguese Folk Lore._--
+
+    "The borderer whispered in my ear that he was one of the dreadful
+    Lobishomens, a devoted race, held in mingled horror and commiseration,
+    and never mentioned {383} without by the Portuguese peasantry. They
+    believe that if a woman be delivered of seven male infants
+    successively, the seventh, by an inexplicable fatality, becomes subject
+    to the powers of darkness; and is compelled, on every Saturday evening,
+    to assume the likeness of an ass. So changed, and followed by a horrid
+    train of dogs, he is forced to run an impious race over the moors and
+    through the villages; nor is allowed an interval of rest until the
+    dawning Sabbath terminates his sufferings, and restores him to his
+    human shape."--From Lord Carnarvon's _Portugal and Gallicia_, vol. ii.
+    p. 268.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POPE AND COWPER.
+
+In Cowper's letter to Lady Hesketh, dated January 18, 1787, occurs a notice
+for the first time of Mr. Samuel Rose, with whom Cowper subsequently
+corresponded. He informs Lady Hesketh that--
+
+    "A young gentleman called here yesterday, who came six miles out of his
+    way to see me. He was on a journey to London from Glasgow, having just
+    left the University there. He came, I suppose, partly to satisfy his
+    own curiosity, but chiefly, as it seemed, to bring me the thanks of
+    some of the Scotch professors for my two volumes. His name is Rose, an
+    Englishman."
+
+Prefixed to a copy of Hayley's _Life and Letters of William Cowper, Esq._,
+in the British Museum, is an extract in MS. of a letter from the late
+Samuel Rose, Esq., to his favourite sister, Miss Harriet Rose, written in
+the year before his marriage, at the age of twenty-two, and which, I
+believe, has never been printed. It may, perhaps, merit a corner of "N. &
+Q."
+
+    "Weston Lodge, Sept. 9, 1789.
+
+    "Last week Mr. Cowper finished the _Odyssey_, and we drank an
+    unreluctant bumper to its success. The labour of translation is now at
+    an end, and the less arduous work of revision remains to be done, and
+    then we shall see it published. I promise both you and myself much
+    pleasure from its perusal. You will most probably find it at first less
+    pleasing than Pope's versification, owing to the difference subsisting
+    between blank verse and rhyme--a difference which is not sufficiently
+    attended to, and whereby people are led into injudicious comparisons.
+    You will find Mr. Pope more refined: Mr. Cowper more simple, grand, and
+    majestic; and, indeed, insomuch as Mr. Pope is more refined than Mr.
+    Cowper, he is more refined than his original, and in the same
+    proportion departs from Homer himself. Pope's must universally be
+    allowed to be a beautiful poem: Mr. Cowper's will be found a striking
+    and a faithful portrait, and a pleasing picture to those who enjoy his
+    style of colouring, which I am apprehensive is not so generally
+    acceptable as the other master's. Pope possesses the gentle and amiable
+    graces of a Guido: Cowper is endowed with the bold sublime genius of a
+    Raphael. After having said so much upon their comparative merits,
+    enough, I hope, to refute your second assertion which was, that women,
+    in the opinion of men, have little to do with literature. I may inform
+    you, that the _Iliad_ is to be dedicated to Earl Cowper, and the
+    _Odyssey_ to the Dowager Lady Spencer but this information need not be
+    extensively circulated."
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+50. Burton Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_"As You Like It."_--Believing that whatever illustrates, even to a
+trifling extent, the great dramatic poet of England will interest the
+readers of "N. & Q.," I solicit their attention to the resemblance between
+the two following passages:
+
+                  "All the world's a stage,
+  And all the men and women merely players."
+
+  "Si rectè aspicias, _vita hæc est fabula quædam_.
+  _Scena autem, mundus versatilis_: _histrio et actor_
+  _Quilibet est hominum--mortales nam propriè cuncti_
+  _Sunt personati_, et falsâ sub imagine, vulgi
+  Præstringunt oculos: _ita Diis, risumque jocumque_,
+  _Stultitiis, nugisque suis per sæcula præbent_.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Jam mala quæ humanum patitur genus, adnumerabo.
+  _Principiò_ postquam è latebris malè olentibus alvi
+  Eductus tandem est, materno sanguine foedus,
+  _Vagit, et auspicio lacrymarum nascitur infans_.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Vix natus jam vincla subit, tenerosque coërcet
+  Fascia longa artus: præsagia dire futuri
+  Servitii.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Post ubi jam valido se poplite sustinet, et jam
+  Ritè loqui didicit, tunc servire incipit, atque
+  Jussa pati, _sentitque minas ictusque magistri_,
+  Sæpe patris matrisque manu fratrisque frequenter
+  Pulsatur: facient quid vitricus atque noverca?
+  _Fit juvenis, crescunt vires_: jam spernit habenas,
+  Occluditque aures monitis, furere incipit, ardens
+  Luxuriâ atque irâ: et temerarius omnia nullo
+  Consilio aggreditur, dictis melioribus obstat,
+  Deteriora fovens: _non ulla pericula curat_,
+  Dummodo id efficiat, suadet quod coeca libido.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "_Succedit gravior, melior, prudentior ætas_,
+  Cumque ipsâ curæ adveniunt, durique labores;
+  Tune homo mille modis, studioque enititur omni
+  Rem facere, et nunquam sibi multa negotia desunt.
+  Nunc peregrè it, nunc ille domi, nunc rure laborat,
+  Ut sese, uxorem, natos, famulosque gubernet,
+  Ac servet, solus pro cunctis sollicitus, nec
+  Jucundis fruitur dapibus, nec nocte quietâ.
+  Ambitio hunc etiam impellens, _ad publica mittit_
+  _Munia_: dumque inhiat vano malè sanus honori,
+  Invidiæ atque odii patitur mala plurima: deinceps
+  _Obrepit canis rugosa senecta capillis_,
+  Secum multa trahens incommoda corporis atque
+  Mentis: nam _vires abeunt, speciesque colorque_,
+  Nec non _deficiunt sensus_: _audire, videre_
+  {384}
+  _Languescunt, gustusque minor fit_: denique semper
+  Aut hoc, aut illo morbo vexantur--_inermi_
+  _Manduntur vix ore cibi_, _vix crura bacillo_
+  _Sustentata meant_: animus quoque vulnera sentit.
+  _Desipit, et longo torpet confectus ab ævo_."
+
+It would have only occupied your space needlessly, to have transcribed at
+length the celebrated description of the seven ages of human life from
+Shakspeare's _As You Like It_; but I would solicit the attention of your
+readers to the Latin verses, and then to the question, Whether either poet
+has borrowed from the other? and, should this be decided affirmatively, the
+farther question would arise, Which is the original?
+
+ARTERUS.
+
+Dublin.
+
+    [These lines look like a modern paraphrase of Shakspeare; and our
+    Correspondent has not informed us from what book he has _transcribed_
+    them.--Ed.]
+
+_Passage in "King John" and "Romeo and Juliet."_--I am neither a
+commentator nor a reader of commentators on Shakspeare. When I meet with a
+difficulty, I get over it as well as I can, and think no more of the
+matter. Having, however, accidentally seen two passages of Shakspeare much
+ventilated in "N. & Q.," I venture to give my poor conjectures respecting
+them.
+
+1. _King John._--
+
+  "It lies as sightly on the back of him,
+  As great Alcides' _shows_ upon an ass."
+
+I consider _shows_ to be the true reading; the reference being to the
+ancient _mysteries_, called also _shows_. The machinery required for the
+celebration of the mysteries was carried by _asses_. Hence the proverb:
+"Asinus portat mysteriæ." The connexion of Hercules--"great Alcides"--with
+the mysteries, may be learned from Aristophanes and many other ancient
+writers. And thus the meaning of the passage seems to be: The lion's skin,
+which once belonged to Richard of the Lion Heart, is as sightly on the back
+of _Austria_, as were the mysteries of Hercules upon an ass.
+
+2. _Romeo and Juliet._--
+
+  "That runaways eyes may wink."
+
+Here I would retain the reading, and interpret _runaways_ as signifying
+"persons going about on the watch." Perhaps _runagates_, according to
+modern usage, would come nearer to the proposed signification, but not to
+be quite up with it. Many words in Shakspeare have significations very
+remote from those which they now bear.
+
+PATRICK MUIRSON.
+
+_Shakspeare and the Bible._--Has it ever been noticed that the following
+passage from the Second Part of _Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., is taken from
+the fourteenth chapter of St. Luke's Gospel?
+
+  "What do we then, but draw anew the model
+  In fewer offices; or, at least, desist
+  To build at all? Much more, in this great work,
+  (Which is almost to pluck a kingdom down,
+  And set another up) should we survey
+  The plot, the situation, and the model;
+  Consult upon a sure foundation,
+  Question surveyors, know our own estate,
+  How able such a work to undergo.
+  A careful leader sums what force he brings
+  To weigh against his opposite; or else
+  We fortify on paper, and in figures,
+  Using the names of men, instead of men:
+  Like one that draws the model of a house
+  Beyond his power to build it."
+
+The passage in St. Luke is as follows (xiv. 28-31.):
+
+    "For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first,
+    and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it?
+
+    "Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to
+    finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him,
+
+    "Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish.
+
+    "Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down
+    first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him
+    that cometh against him with twenty thousand?"
+
+I give the passage as altered by Mr. Collier's Emendator, because I think
+the line added by him,
+
+    "A careful leader sums what force he brings,"
+
+is strongly corroborated by the Scripture text.
+
+Q. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Judicial Families._--In vol. v. p. 206. (new edition) of Lord Mahon's
+_History of England_, we find the following passage:
+
+    "Lord Chancellor Camden was the younger son of Chief Justice Pratt,--a
+    case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not easily
+    matched, unless by their own cotemporaries, Lord Hardwicke and Charles
+    Yorke."
+
+The following case, I think, is equally, if not more, remarkable:--
+
+The Right Hon. Thomas Berry Cusack-Smith, brother of the present Sir
+Michael Cusack-Smith, Bart., is Master of the Rolls in Ireland, having been
+appointed to that high office in January, 1846. His father, Sir William
+Cusack-Smith, second baronet, was for many years Baron of the Court of
+Exchequer in Ireland. And his grandfather, the Right Hon. Sir Michael
+Smith, first baronet, was, like his grandson at the present day, Master of
+the Rolls in Ireland.
+
+Is not this "a case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not
+easily matched?"
+
+ABHBA.
+
+{385}
+
+_Derivation of "Topsy Turvy."_--When things are in confusion they are
+generally said to be turned "topsy turvy." The expression is derived from a
+way in which turf for fuel is placed to dry on its being cut. The surface
+of the ground is pared off with the heath growing on it, and the heath is
+turned downward, and left some days in that state that the earth may get
+dry before it is carried away. It means then top-side-turf-way.
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_Dictionaries and Encyclopædias._--Allow me to offer a suggestion to the
+publishers and compilers of dictionaries; first as to dictionaries of the
+language. A large class refer to these only to learn the meaning of words
+not familiar to them, but which may occur in reading. If the dictionaries
+are framed on the principle of displaying only the classical language of
+England, it is ten to one they will not supply the desired information. Let
+there be, besides classical dictionaries, glossaries which will exclude no
+word whatever on account of rarity, vulgarity, or technicality, but which
+may very well exclude those which are most familiar. As to encyclopædias,
+their value is chiefly as supplements to the library; but surely no one
+studies anatomy, or the differential calculus, or architecture, in them,
+however good the treatises may be. I want a dictionary of miscellaneous
+subjects, such as find place more easily in an encyclopædia than anywhere
+else; but why must I also purchase treatises on the higher mathematics, on
+navigation, on practical engineering, and the like, some of which I already
+may possess, others not want, and none of which are a bit the more
+convenient because arranged in alphabetical order in great volumes.
+Besides, they cannot be conveniently replaced by improved editions.
+
+ENCYCLOPÆDICUS.
+
+_"Mary, weep no more for me."_--There is a well-known ballad of this name,
+said to have been written by a Scotchman named "Low." The first verse runs
+thus:
+
+  "The moon had climbed the highest hill,
+  Which rises o'er the source of Dee,
+  And from the eastern summit sped
+  Its silver light on tower and tree."
+
+I find, however, amongst my papers, a fragment of a version of this same
+ballad, of, I assume, earlier antiquity, which so surpasses Low's ballad
+that the author has little to thank him for his interference. The first
+verse of what I take to be the original poem stands thus:
+
+  "The moon had climbed the highest hill,
+  Where eagles big[2] aboon the Dee,
+  And like the looks of a lovely dame,
+  Brought joy to every body's ee."
+
+No poetical reader will require his attention to be directed to the
+immeasurable superiority of this glorious verse: the high poetic animation,
+the eagles' visits, the lovely looks of female beauty, the exhilarating
+gladness and joy affecting the beholder, all manifest the genius of the
+master bard. I shall receive it as a favour if any of your correspondents
+will furnish a complete copy of the original poem, and contrast it with
+what "Low" fancied his "improvements."
+
+JAMES CORNISH.
+
+[Footnote 2: Build.]
+
+_Epitaph at Wood Ditton._--You have recently appropriated a small space in
+your "medium of intercommunication" to the subject of epitaphs. I can
+furnish you with one which I have been accustomed to regard as a "grand
+climacterical absurdity." About thirty years ago, when making a short
+summer ramble, I entered the churchyard of Wood Ditton, near Newmarket, and
+my attention was attracted by a headstone, having inlaid into its upper
+part a piece of iron, measuring about ten inches by six, and hollowed out
+into the shape of a _dish_. I inquired of a cottager residing on the spot
+what the thing meant? I was informed that the party whose ashes the grave
+covered was a man who, during a long life, had a strange taste for sopping
+a slice of bread in a dripping-pan (a pan over which meat has been
+roasted), and would relinquish for this all kinds of dishes, sweet or
+savoury; that in his will he left a request that a dripping-pan should be
+fixed in his gravestone; that he wrote his own epitaph, an exact copy of
+which I herewith give you, and which he requested to be engraved on the
+stone:
+
+  "Here lies my corpse, who was the man
+  That loved a sop in the dripping-pan;
+  But now believe me I am dead,--
+  See here the pan stands at my head.
+  Still for sops till the last I cried,
+  But could not eat, and so I died.
+  My neighbours they perhaps will laugh,
+  When they read my epitaph."
+
+J. H.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Pictorial Pun._--In the village of Warbleton, in Sussex, there is an old
+public-house, which has for its sign a War Bill in a tun of beer, in
+reference of course to the name of the place. It has, however, the double
+meaning, of "Axe for Beer."
+
+R. W. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SIR THOMAS BUTTON'S VOYAGE, 1612.
+
+I am about to print some information, hitherto I believe totally unknown,
+relative to the voyage of Sir Thomas Button in 1612, for the discovery of
+the north-west passage.
+
+Of this voyage a journal was kept, which was in existence many years
+afterwards, being offered by {386} its author to Secretary Dorchester in
+1629, then engaged in forwarding the projected voyage of "North-West" Foxe;
+it is remarkable, however, that no extended account of this voyage, so
+important in its objects, has ever been published. I am desirous of knowing
+if this journal is in existence, and where? Also, Lord Dorchester's letter
+to Button in February, 1629; of any farther information on the subject of
+the voyage, or of Sir Thomas Button.
+
+What I possess already are, 1. "Motiues inducing a Proiect for the
+Discouerie of the North Pole terrestriall; the streights of Anian, into the
+South Sea, and Coasts thereof," anno 1610. 2. Prince Henry's Instructions
+for the Voyage, together with King James's Letters of Credence, 1612. 3. A
+Letter from Sir Thomas Button to Secretary Dorchester, dated Cardiff, 16th
+Feb., 1629 (from the State Paper Office). 4. Sir Dudley Digges' little
+tract on the N.-W. Passage, written to promote the voyage, and of which
+there were two distinct impressions in 1611 and 1612. 5. Extracts from the
+Carleton Correspondence, and from the Hakluyt Society's volume on Voyages
+to the North-West.
+
+I shall be glad also to learn the date, and any other facts connected with
+the death of John Davis, the discoverer of the Straits bearing his name.
+
+JOHN PETHERAM.
+
+94. High Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Words "Cash" and "Mob."_--In Moore's _Diary_ I find the following
+remark. Can any of your numerous readers throw any light on the subject?
+
+    "Lord Holland doubted whether the word 'Cash' was a legitimate English
+    word, though, as Irving remarked, it is as old as Ben Jonson, there
+    being a character called Cash in one of his comedies. Lord Holland said
+    Mr. Fox was of opinion that the word 'Mob' was not genuine
+    English."--Moore's _Diary_, vol. iii. p. 247.
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_"History of Jesus Christ."_--G. L. S. will feel obliged by any
+correspondent of "N. & Q." stating who is the author of the following
+work?--
+
+    "The History of the Incarnation, Life, Doctrine and Miracles, the
+    Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour,
+    Jesus Christ. In Seven Books; illustrated with Notes, and interspersed
+    with Dissertations, theological, historical, geographical and critical.
+
+    "To which are added the Lives, Actions, and Sufferings of the Twelve
+    Apostles; also of Saint Paul, Saint Mark, Saint Luke, and Saint
+    Barnabas. Together with a Chronological Table from the beginning of the
+    reign of Herod the Great to the end of the Apostolic Age. By a Divine
+    of the Church of England.
+
+    "London: printed for T. Cooper, at the Globe, in Paternoster Row,
+    1737."
+
+This work is in one folio volume, and all I can ascertain of its authorship
+is that it was _not_ written by Bishop Gibson, of "Preservative" fame.
+
+_Quantity of the Latin Termination -anus._--Proper names having the
+termination _-anus_ are always long in Latin and short in Greek; thus, the
+Claudi[=a]nus, Luci[=a]nus, &c. of the Latins are [Greek: Klaudianos] and
+[Greek: Loukianos] in Greek. What is to be said of the word [Greek:
+Christianos]? Is it long or short, admitting it to be long in the Latin
+tongue?
+
+While on the subject of quantities, let me ask, where is the authority for
+that of the name of the queen of the Ethiopians, Candace, to be found? We
+always pronounce it long, but all books of authority mark it as short.
+
+ANTI-BARBARUS.
+
+_Webb and Walker Families._--Perhaps you or some of your numerous readers
+could inform me if the Christian names of Daniel and Roger were used 160 or
+180 years ago by any of the numerous families of _Webb_ or _Webbe_,
+resident in Wilts or elsewhere; and if so, in what family of that name? And
+is there any pedigree of them extant? and where is it to be found?
+
+Was the Rev. Geo. Walker, the defender of Derry, connected with the Webbs?
+and if so, how, and with what family?
+
+Is there any Webb mentioned in history at the siege of Derry? and if so, to
+what family of that name did he belong?
+
+GULIELMUS.
+
+_Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes."_--I stumbled lately at a book-stall on a
+very curious old book entitled _A Treasurie or Store-house of Similes both
+pleasant, delightfull, and profitable_. The title-page is gone; but in an
+old hand on the cover it is stated to have been written by a certain
+"Cawdrey," and to have been printed in 1609, where I cannot discover. Can
+any of your correspondents oblige me with some information concerning him?
+The book is marked "scarce."
+
+J. H. S.
+
+_Point of Etiquette._--Will some of your numerous correspondents kindly
+inform me as to the rule in such a case as the following: when an elder
+brother has lost both his daughters in his old age, does the eldest
+daughter of the younger brother take the style of _Miss_ Smith, Jones,
+Brown, or Robinson, as the case may be?
+
+F. D., M.R.C.S.
+
+_Napoleon's Spelling._--Macaulay, in his _History of England_, chap. vii.,
+quotes, in a foot-note, a passage from a letter of William III., written in
+French to his ambassador at Paris, and then makes this remark, "The
+spelling is bad, but not worse than Napoleon's." {387}
+
+Can you refer me to some authentic proof of the fact that Napoleon was
+unable to spell correctly? It is well known that he affected to put his
+thoughts upon paper with great rapidity; and the consequence of this
+practice was, that in almost every word some letters were dropped, or their
+places indicated by dashes. But this was only one of those numerous
+contrivances, to which he was in the habit of resorting, in order to
+impress those around him with an idea of his greatness.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Trench on Proverbs._--Mr. Trench, in this excellent little work, states
+that the usual translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. is incorrect:
+
+    "Let me remind you of such [proverbs] also as the following, often
+    quoted or alluded to by Greek and Latin authors: _The net of the
+    sleeping (fisherman) takes_[3]; a proverb the more interesting, that we
+    have in the words of the Psalmist (Ps. cxxvii. 2.), were they
+    accurately translated, a beautiful and perfect parallel; 'He giveth his
+    beloved' (not 'sleep,' but) 'in their sleep;' his gifts gliding into
+    their bosoms, they knowing not how, and as little expecting as leaving
+    laboured for them."
+
+The Hebrew is [Hebrew: YTN LYDYDW SHN'], the literal translation of which,
+"He giveth (or, He will give) to his beloved sleep," seems to me to be
+correct.
+
+As Mr. Trench is a reader of "N. & Q.," perhaps he would have the kindness
+to mention in its pages the ground he has for his proposed translation.
+
+E. M. B.
+
+[Footnote 3: "[Greek: Heudonti kurtos hairei]. Dormienti rete trahit."]
+
+_Rings formerly worn by Ecclesiastics._--In describing the finger-ring
+found in the grave of the Venerable Bede, the writer of _A brief Account of
+Durham Cathedral_ adds,--
+
+    "No priest, during the reign of Catholicity, was buried or enshrined
+    without his ring."--P. 81.
+
+I have seen a similar statement elsewhere, and wish to ask, 1st, Were
+priests formerly buried with the ring? 2ndly, If so, was it a mere custom,
+or was it ordered or authorised by any rubric or canon of our old English
+Church?
+
+I am very strongly of opinion that such never was the custom, and that the
+statement above quoted has its origin in the confounding priests with
+bishops. Martene says, when speaking of the manner of burying bishops,--
+
+    "Episcopus debet habere annulum, quia sponsus est. Cæteri sacerdotes
+    non, quia sponsi non sunt, sed amici sponsi vel vicarii."--_De Antiquis
+    Ecclesiæ Ritibus_, lib. III. cap. xii. n. 11.
+
+CEYREP.
+
+_Butler's "Lives of the Saints."_--Can any of your correspondents supply a
+correct list of the various editions of this popular work? The notices in
+Watt and Lowndes are very unsatisfactory.
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+_Marriage of Cousins._--It was asserted to me the other day that marriage
+with a _second_ cousin is, by the laws of England, illegal, and that
+succession to property has been lately barred to the issue of such
+marriage, though the union of _first_ cousins entails no such consequences.
+Is there any foundation for this statement?
+
+J. P.
+
+_Castle Thorpe_[4], _Bucks._--A traditional rhyme is current at this place
+which says that--
+
+  "If it hadn't been for Cobb-bush Hill,
+  Thorpe Castle would have stood there still."
+
+or the last line, according to another version,--
+
+  "There would have been a castle at Thorpe still."
+
+Now it appears from Lipscomb's _History_ of the county, that the castle was
+demolished by Fulke de Brent about 1215; how then can this tradition be
+explained?
+
+Cobb-bush Hill, I am told, is more than half a mile from the village.
+
+H. THOS. WAKE.
+
+[Footnote 4: Pronounced _Thrup_.]
+
+_Where was Edward II. killed?_--Hume and Lingard state that this monarch
+was murdered at Berkeley Castle. Echard and Rapin are silent, both as to
+the event and as to the locality. But an earlier authority, viz. Martyn, in
+his _Historie and Lives of Twentie Kings_, 1615, says:
+
+    "He was committed to the Castle of Killingworth, and Prince Edward was
+    crowned king. And not long after, the king being removed to the Castle
+    of Corff, was wickedly assayled by his keepers, who, through a horne
+    which they put in his," &c.
+
+What authority had Martyn for these statements?
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Encore._--Perhaps some correspondent of "N. & Q." can assign a reason why
+we use this French word in our theatres and concert rooms, to express our
+desire for the repetition of favourite songs, &c. I should also like to
+know at what period it was introduced.
+
+A. A.
+
+_Amcotts' Pedigree._--Can any of your correspondents supply me with a full
+pedigree of Amcotts of Astrop, co. Lincolnshire? I do not refer to the
+Visitations, but to the later descents of the family. The last heir male
+was, I believe, Vincent Amcotts, Esq., great-grandfather to the present Sir
+William Amcotts Ingilby, Bart. Elizabeth Amcotts, who married, 19th July,
+1684, John Toller, Esq., of Billingborough Hall in Lincolnshire, was one of
+this family, and I suppose aunt to Vincent Amcotts. I may mention, the
+calendars {388} of the Will Office at Lincoln have no entries of the name
+of Amcotts between 1670 and 1753.
+
+TEWARS.
+
+_Blue Bell--Blue Anchor._--A bell painted blue is a common tavern sign in
+this country (United States); and the blue anchor is also to be met with in
+many places. As these signs evidently had their origin in England, and one
+of them is alluded to in the old Scotch ballad "The Blue Bell of Scotland,"
+it seems to me that the best method to apply for information upon the
+subject is to ask "N. & Q." Are these signs of inns heraldic survivors of
+old time; are they corruptions of some other emblem, such as that which in
+London transformed _La Belle Sauvage_ into the _Bell Savage_, pictorialised
+by an Indian ringing a hand-bell; or is the choice of such improper colour
+as blue for a bell and an anchor a species of symbolism the meaning of
+which is not generally known?
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_"We've parted for the longest time."_--Would you insert these lines in
+your paper, the author of which I seek to know, as well as the remaining
+verses?
+
+  "We've parted for the longest time, we ever yet did part,
+  And I have felt the last wild throb of that enduring heart:
+  Thy cold and tear-wet cheek has lain for the last time to mine,
+  And I have pressed in agony those trembling lips of thine."
+
+R. JERMYN COOPER.
+
+The Rectory, Chiltington Hunt, Sussex.
+
+_Matthew Lewis._--Allow me to solicit information, through the medium of
+"N. & Q.," where I can see a pedigree of Matthew Lewis, Esq., Deputy
+Secretary of War for many years under the Right Hon. William Windham, then
+M.P. for Norwich, and other Secretaries-at-War. I rather think Mr. Lewis
+married a daughter of Sir Thomas Sewell, Kt., Master of the Rolls from 1764
+to 1784; and had a son, Matthew Gregory Lewis, known as _Monk_ Lewis, who
+was M.P. for Hindon at the close of the last century: a very clever but
+eccentric young man. I also believe Lieut.-Gen. John Whitelocke, and Gen.
+Sir Thos. Brownrigg, G.C.B., who died in 1838, were connected by marriage
+with the Sewell or Lewis families.
+
+C. H. F.
+
+_Paradise Lost._--In _A Treatise on the Dramatic Literature of the Greeks_,
+by the Rev. J. R. Darley, I read the following remark:
+
+    "In our own literature also, the efforts of our early dramatists were
+    directed to subjects derived from religion; even the _Paradise Lost_ is
+    composed of a series of minor pieces, originally cast in dramatic form,
+    of which the creation and fall of man, and the several episodes which
+    were introduced subordinately to these grand events, were the
+    subject-matter."
+
+This statement being at variance with the received opinion, that Milton,
+from his early youth, had meditated the composition of an epic poem, I
+would inquire whether there is any evidence to support Mr. Darley's view?
+Milton has been charged with having borrowed the design of _Paradise Lost_
+from some Italian author; and this allegation, coupled with that made by
+Mr. Darley, would, if founded, reduce our great national epic to what
+Hazlitt has described as "patchwork and plagiarism, the beggarly
+copiousness of borrowed wealth."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Colonel Hyde Seymour._--Who was "Colonel Hyde Seymour?" I find his name
+written in a book, _The Life of William the Third_, 1703.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire._--In Speed's plan of Richmond, in Yorkshire,
+is represented the mouth of a "vault that goeth under the river, and
+ascendeth up into the Castell." Was there ever such a vault, and how came
+it to be destroyed or lost sight of? One who knows Richmond well tells me
+that he never heard of it.
+
+O. L. R. G.
+
+_Poems published at Manchester._--Can any contributor to "N. & Q." inform
+me who was the author of a volume of _Poems on Several Occasions_,
+published by subscription at Manchester; printed for the author by R.
+Whitworth, in the year 1733? It is an 8vo. of 138 pages; has on the
+title-page a line from Ovid:
+
+  "Jure, tibi grates, candide lector, ago,"
+
+and begins with an "Address to all my Subscribers;" after which follow
+several pages of subscribers' names, which consist chiefly of Staffordshire
+and Cheshire gentry. My copy (for the possession of which I am indebted to
+the kindness of Dr. Bliss, the Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford) was
+formerly in the library of Mr. Heber, who has thus noted its purchase on
+the fly-leaf, "Feb. 1811, Ford, Manchester, 7s. 6d." Dr. Bliss has added,
+on the same fly-leaf, "Heber's fourth sale, No. 1908, not in the Bodleian
+Catalogue." The first poem in the book is "A Pastoral to the Memory of Sir
+Thomas Delves, Baronet." It is probably a scarce book; but possibly some of
+your book-learned correspondents may help me to the author's name.
+
+W. SNEYD.
+
+Denton.
+
+_Handel's Dettingen Te Deum._--Any information as to the circumstances
+under which Handel composed this celebrated _Te Deum_, and the place {389}
+and occasion of its first public performance, will be welcome to
+
+PHILO-HANDEL.
+
+_Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart._--As I believe myself (morally
+speaking) to be _lineally_ descended from the former of these celebrated
+men, and _collaterally_ from the latter, may I request that information may
+be forwarded me, either through your columns or by correspondence,
+regarding the descendants of the great poet and his ancestry; and also
+whether, among the many thousand volumes bequeathed by Sir Hans to the
+nation, some record does not exist tending to prove his genealogical
+descent? At present I know of no other pedigree than that Mr. Burke has
+given of him in his _Extinct Baronetage_. I shall feel exceedingly
+gratified if any assistance can be given me relating to these two families.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_The Ligurian Sage._--In Gifford's _Mæviad_, lines 313-316, I read,--
+
+  "Together we explored the stoic page
+  Of the Ligurian, stern tho' beardless sage!
+  Or trac'd the Aquinian thro' the Latin road,
+  And trembled at the lashes he bestow'd."
+
+The Aquinian is of course Juvenal; but I must confess me at fault with
+respect to the Ligurian.
+
+W. T. M.
+
+    [The Ligurian sage is no doubt Aulus Persius Flaccus, who, according to
+    ancient authors, was born at Volaterræ in Etruria; but some modern
+    writers conclude that he was born at Lunæ Portus in Liguria, from the
+    following lines (Sat. VI. 6.), which seem to relate to the place of his
+    residence:
+
+                          "Mihi nunc Ligus ora
+      Intepet, hybernatque _meum_ mare, qua latus ingens
+      Dant scopuli, et multa littus se valle receptat.
+      _Lunai portum_ est operæ cognoscere, cives."
+
+    When approaching the verge of manhood, Persius became the pupil of
+    Cornutus the Stoic, and his death took place before he had completed
+    his twenty-eighth year.]
+
+_Gresebrok in Yorkshire._--Can you or any of your correspondents give me
+any information as to what part of Yorkshire the manor of Gresebrok lies
+in? In Shaw's _History of Staffordshire_ (2 vols. folio), there is a
+"Bartholomew de Gresebrok" mentioned as witness to a deed of Henry III.'s
+times made between Robert de Grendon, Lord of Shenston, and Jno. de
+Baggenhall; which family of Gresebrok, it is said, "probably took their
+name from a _manor so called in Yorkshire_, and had property and residence
+in Shenstone, from this early period to the beginning of the century, many
+of whom are recorded in the registers from 1590 to 1722."
+
+The above is quoted by Shaw from Sanders's _History of Shenstone_, p. 98.,
+and perhaps some of your correspondents may possess that work, and will
+oblige me by transcribing the necessary information.
+
+Any particulars of the above family will much oblige your constant reader
+
+[Greek: Hêraldikos.]
+
+    [According to Sanders, the family of Greisbrook was formerly of some
+    note at Shenstone. He says that "Greisbrook, whence the family had
+    their name, is a manor in Yorkshire, which, in the reign of Henry III.,
+    was in the great House of Mowbray, of whom the Greisbrooks held their
+    lands. Roger de Greisbrook (temp. Henry II.) is mentioned as holding of
+    the fee of Alice, Countess of Augie, or Ewe, daughter of William de
+    Albiney, Earl of Arundel, by Queen Alice, relict of Henry I." Then
+    follow some particulars of various branches of the family, from the
+    year 1580 to the death of Robert Greisbrook in 1718. Sanders's History
+    is included in vol. ix. of _Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica_.]
+
+_Stillingfleet's Library._--The extensive and valuable library of Edward
+Stillingfleet, the learned Bishop of Worcester, who died in 1699, is said
+to be contained in the library of Primate Marsh, St. Patrick's, Dublin. Can
+any of your correspondents state how it came there? Was it bequeathed by
+the bishop, or sold by his descendants? He died at Westminster, and was
+buried in Worcester Cathedral.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+    [Bishop Stillingfleet's library was purchased by Archbishop Marsh for
+    his public library in Dublin. A few years since Robert Travers, Esq.,
+    M.D., of Dundrum near Dublin, was engaged in preparing for publication
+    a catalogue of Stillingfleet's printed books, amounting to near 10,000
+    volumes. The bishop's MSS. were bought by the late Earl of Oxford, and
+    are now in the Harleian Collection. See _The Life of Bishop
+    Stillingfleet_, 8vo., 1735, p. 135., and _Biog. Brit._ s. v.]
+
+_The whole System of Law._--On December 26, 1651, the Long Parliament,
+stimulated by Cromwell to various important reforms in civil matters,
+resolved,--
+
+    "That it be referred to persons out of the House to take into
+    consideration what inconveniences there are in the law, and how the
+    mischiefs that grow from the delays, the chargeableness, and the
+    irregularities in the proceedings of the law, may be prevented; and the
+    speediest way to reform the same."
+
+The commission thus appointed consisted twenty-one persons, among whom were
+Sir Mathew Hale, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and John Rushworth. They seem
+to have set to work with great vigour, and submitted a variety of important
+measures to Parliament, many of which were {390} adopted. They also
+prepared a document "containing the whole system of the law," which was
+read to the House on January 20 and 21, 1652; and it was resolved "That
+three hundred copies of the said book be forthwith printed, to be delivered
+to members of the Parliament only."
+
+Is anything known of this work at the present day?
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+    [It appears doubtful whether this work was ever printed, for in a
+    pamphlet published April 27, 1653, entitled _A Supply to a Draught of
+    an Act or System proposed (as is reported) by the Committee for
+    Regulations concerning the Law_, &c., the writer thus notices
+    it:--"Having _lately heard_ of some propositions called 'The System of
+    the Law,' which are said to be intended preparatives to several Acts of
+    Parliament touching the regulation of the law, we cannot but with
+    thankfulness acknowledge the care and industry of those worthy persons
+    who contrived the same, it containing many good and wholesome
+    provisions for the future perpetual good and quiet of the nation.... We
+    know not, at present, wherein we could give a more visible testimony of
+    our affections to the peaceable government of the free people here,
+    than by offering to them and the supreme authority, what we humbly
+    conceive prejudicial and inconvenient to well-government, in case that
+    System (_as it is said to be now prepared_) should take effect." A week
+    before the publication of this work, the Long Parliament had been
+    turned out of doors by Cromwell.]
+
+_Saint Malachy on the Popes._--Saint Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, who
+flourished in the first half of the twelfth century, is said to be the
+author of a curious prophecy respecting the Popes. Some years ago I met
+with this prophecy in an old French almanack, and was particularly struck
+with its applicability to the life and character of the present Pope; but I
+omitted to make a Note.
+
+Can you inform me where I may find a copy of this prophecy?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+    [St. Malachy's hieroglyphical descriptions or prophecy on the
+    succession of Roman Pontiffs will be found in _Flosculi Historici
+    delibati nunc delibatiores redditi, sive Historia Universalis_; Auctore
+    Joanne de Bussières, Societatis Jesu Sacerdote, Oxon. 1668. An
+    explanation of each prophecy is given from the pontificate of Celestus
+    II. A.D. 1143, to that of Innocent X. A.D. 1644. The present Pope being
+    the nineteenth from Innocent X., the following prophecy relates to him,
+    "Crux de Cruce." We subjoin the remainder: 20. Lumen in coelo. 21.
+    Ignis ardens. 22. Religio depopulata. 23. Fides intrepida. 24. Pastor
+    angelicus. 25. Pastor et nauta. 26. Flos Florum. 27. De medietate lunæ.
+    28. De labore solis. 29 Gloria Olivæ. St. Malachy concludes his
+    prophecy with the following prediction of the downfall of the Roman
+    Church: "In persecutione extrema Sacræ Romanæ Ecclesiæ sedebit Petrus
+    Romanus, qui pascet oves in multis tribulationibus; quibus transactis
+    civitas septicollis diruetur, et Judex tremendus judicabit populum."]
+
+_Work on the Human Figure._--A few years ago there was a little work
+published on _Dress and the Art of improving the Human Figure_, by (I
+believe) a nobleman's valet: I wish to consult this for a literary purpose,
+and should be much obliged to any of your readers who can favour me with
+the exact title and date.
+
+CHARLES DEMAYNE.
+
+    [The following two works on dress appear in the _London Catalogue:--The
+    Whole Art of Dress_, by a Country Officer, 12mo. Lond. 1830; and _The
+    Art of Dress, or a Guide to the Toilette_, fcp. 8vo., Lond. 1839.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+"NAMBY-PAMBY," AND OTHER WORDS OF THE SAME FORM.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 318.)
+
+The origin of the word _namby-pamby_ is explained in the following passage
+of Johnson's _Life of Ambrose Philips_:
+
+    "The pieces that please best are those which from Pope and Pope's
+    adherents procured him the name of _namby-pamby_, the poems of short
+    lines, by which he paid his court to all ages and characters--from
+    Walpole, 'the steerer of the realm,' to Miss Pulteney in the nursery.
+    The numbers are smooth and sprightly, and the diction is seldom faulty.
+    They are not loaded with much thought, yet, if they had been written by
+    Addison, they would have had admirers. Little things are not valued but
+    when they are done by those who can do greater."
+
+In the _Treatise on the Bathos_, the _infantine_ style is exclusively
+exemplified by passages from Ambrose Philips:
+
+    "This [says Pope] is when a poet grows so very simple as to think and
+    talk like a child. I shall take my examples from the greatest master in
+    this way: hear how he fondles like a mere stammerer:
+
+      'Little charm of placid mien,
+      Miniature of Beauty's queen,
+      Hither, British Muse of mine,
+      Hither, all ye Grecian nine,
+      With the lovely Graces three,
+      And your pretty nursling see.
+      When the meadows next are seen,
+      Sweet enamel, white and green;
+      When again the lambkins play,
+      Pretty sportlings full of May,
+      Then the neck so white and round,
+      (Little neck with brilliants bound)
+      And thy gentleness of mind,
+      (Gentle from a gentle kind), &c.
+      Happy thrice, and thrice again,
+      Happiest he of happy men,' &c.
+
+    And the rest of those excellent lullabies of his composition."--C. xi.
+
+These verses are stated by Warburton, in his note on the passage, to be
+taken from a poem to {391} Miss Cuzzona. They are however in fact selected
+from two poems addressed to daughters of Lord Carteret, and are put
+together arbitrarily, out of the order in which they stand in the original
+poems. There is a short poem by Philips in the same metre, addressed to
+Signora Cuzzoni, and dated May 25, 1724, beginning, "Little syren of the
+stage;" but none of the verses quoted in the _Treatise on the Bathos_ are
+extracted from it.
+
+_Namby-pamby_ belongs to a tolerably numerous class of words in our
+language, all formed on the same rhyming principle. They are all familiar,
+and some of them childish; which last circumstance probably suggested to
+Pope the invention of the word _namby-pamby_, in order to designate the
+infantine style which Ambrose Philips had introduced. Many of them,
+however, are used by old and approved writers; and the principle upon which
+they are formed must be of great antiquity in our language. The following
+is a collection of words which are all formed in this manner:
+
+_Bow-wow._--A word coined in imitation of a dog's bark. Compare the French
+_aboyer_.
+
+_Chit-chat._--Formed by reduplication from _chat_. A word (says Johnson)
+used in ludicrous conversation. It occurs in the _Spectator_ and _Tatler_.
+
+_Fiddle-faddle._--Formed in a similar manner from _to fiddle_, in its sense
+of _to trifle_. It occurs in the _Spectator_.
+
+_Flim-flam._--An old word, of which examples are cited from Beaumont and
+Fletcher, and Swift. It is formed from _flam_, which Johnson calls "a cant
+word of no certain etymology." _Flam_, for a lie, a cheat, is however used
+by South, Barrow, and Warburton, and therefore at one time obtained an
+admission into dignified style. See Nares' _Glossary_ in v.
+
+_Hab or nab._--That is, according to Nares, have or have not; subsequently
+abridged into _hab, nab_. _Hob or nob_ is explained by him to mean "Will
+you have a glass of wine or not?" _Hob, nob_ is applied by Shakspeare to
+another alternative, viz. give or take (_Twelfth Night_, Act III. Sc. 4.).
+See Nares in v. _Habbe or Nabbe_.
+
+_Handy-dandy._--"A play in which children change hands and places"
+(Johnson). Formed from hand. The word is used by Shakspeare.
+
+_Harum-scarum._--"A low but frequent expression applied to flighty persons;
+persons always in a hurry" (Todd). Various conjectures are offered
+respecting its origin: the most probable seems to be, that it is derived
+from _scare_. The Anglo-Saxon word _hearmsceare_ means punishment (see
+Grimm, _Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer_, p. 681.); but although the similarity
+of sound is remarkable, it is difficult to understand how _harum-scarum_
+can be connected with it.
+
+_Helter-skelter._--Used by Shakspeare. Several derivations for this word
+are suggested, but none probable.
+
+_Higgledy-piggledy._--"A cant word, corrupted from _higgle_, which denotes
+any confused mass, as _higglers_ carry a huddle of provisions together"
+(Johnson). It seems more probable that the word is formed from _pig_; and
+that it alludes to the confused and indiscriminate manner in which pigs lie
+together. In other instances (as _chit-chat_, _flim-flam_, _pit-a-pat_,
+_shilly-shally_, _slip-slop_, and perhaps _harum-scarum_), the word which
+forms the basis of the rhyming reduplication stands second, and not first.
+
+_Hocus-pocus._--The words _ocus bochus_ appear, from a passage cited in
+Todd, to have been used anciently by Italian conjurers. The fanciful idea
+of Tillotson, that _hocus-pocus_ is a corruption of the words _hoc est
+corpus_, is well known. Compare Richardson _in v._
+
+_Hoddy-doddy._--This ancient word has various meanings (see Richardson _in
+v._). As used by Ben Jonson and Swift, it is expressive of contempt. In
+Holland's translation of Pliny it signifies a snail. There is likewise a
+nursery rhyme or riddle:
+
+    "Hoddy-doddy,
+  All legs and no body."
+
+_Hodge-podge_ appears to be a corruption of _hotch-pot_. It occurs in old
+writers. (See Richardson in _Hotch-pot_.)
+
+_Hoity-toity._--Thoughtless, giddy. Formed from the old word _to hoit_, to
+dance or leap, to indulge in riotous mirth. See Nares in _Hoit_ and _Hoyt_.
+
+_Hubble-bubble._--A familiar word, formed from _bubble_. Not in the
+dictionaries.
+
+_Hubbub._--Used by Spenser, and other good writers. Richardson derives it
+from _hoop_ or _whoop_, shout or yell. It seems rather a word formed in
+imitation of the confused inarticulate noise produced by the mixture of
+numerous voices, like _mur-mur_ in Latin.
+
+_Hugger-mugger._--Used by Spenser, Shakspeare, and other old writers. The
+etymology is uncertain. Compare Jamieson in _Hudge-mudge_. The latter part
+of the word seems to be allied with _smuggle_, and the former part to be
+the reduplication. The original and proper sense of hugger-mugger is
+secretly. See Nares _in v._, who derives it from _to hugger_, to lurk
+about; but query whether such a word can be shown to have existed?
+
+_Humpty-dumpty._--Formed from _hump_. This word occurs in the nursery
+rhyme:
+
+  "_Humpty-dumpty_ sat on a wall,
+  _Humpty-dumpty_ had a great fall," &c.
+
+_Hurdy-gurdy._--The origin of this word, which is quoted from no writer
+earlier than Foote, has not been explained. See Todd _in v._
+
+_Hurly-burly._--This old word occurs in the well-known verses in the
+opening scene of _Macbeth_--
+
+  "When the _hurly burly's_ done,
+  When the battle's lost and won"--
+
+{392} where see the notes of the commentators for other instances of it.
+There are rival etymologies for this word, but all uncertain. The French
+has _hurlu-burlu_. Nares in _Hurly_.
+
+_Hurry-scurry._--This word, formed from _hurry_, is used by Gray in his
+_Long Story_.
+
+_Nick-nack._--A small ornament. Not in the dictionaries.
+
+_Pic-nic._--For the derivation of this word, which seems to be of French
+origin, see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 240. 387.
+
+_Pit-pat, or Pit-a-pat._--A word formed from _pat_, and particularly
+applied to the pulsations of the heart, when accelerated by emotion. Used
+by Ben Jonson and Dryden. Congreve writes it _a-pit-pat_.
+
+_Riff-raff._--The refuse of anything, "Il ne lui lairra rif ny raf."
+Cotgrave in _Rif_, where _rif_ is said to mean nothing.
+
+_Rolly-pooly._--"A sort of game" (Johnson). It is now used as the name of a
+pudding rolled with sweetmeat.
+
+_Rowdy-dowdy, and Rub-a-dub._--Words formed in imitation of the beat of a
+drum.
+
+_Shilly-shally._--Used by Congreve, and formerly written "shill I, shall
+I."
+
+_Slip-slop._--"Bad liquor. A low word, formed by reduplication of _slop_"
+(Johnson). Now generally applied to errors in pronunciation, arising from
+ignorance and carelessness, like those of Mrs. Malaprop in _The Rivals_.
+
+_Tip-top._--Formed from _top_, like _slip-slop_ from _slop_.
+
+_Tirra-lirra._--Used by Shakspeare:
+
+  "The lark that _tirra lirra_ chants."--_Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 2.
+
+From the French, see Nares _in v._
+
+The preceding collection is intended merely to illustrate the principle
+upon which this class of words are formed, and does not aim at
+completeness. Some of your correspondents will doubtless, if they are
+disposed, be able to supply other examples of the same mode of formation.
+
+L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EARL OF OXFORD.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 292.)
+
+S. N. will find the Earl's answer in a volume, not very common now,
+entitled _A Compleat and Impartial History of the Impeachments of the Last
+Ministry_, London, 8vo., 1716. The charge respecting the creation of twelve
+peers in one day formed the 16th article of the impeachment. I inclose a
+copy of the answer, if not too long for your pages.
+
+G.
+
+    "In answer to the 16th article, the said Earl doth insist, that by the
+    laws and constitution of this realm, it is the undoubted right and
+    prerogative of the Sovereign, who is the fountain of honor, to create
+    peers of this realm, as well in time of Parliament as when there is no
+    Parliament sitting or in being; and that the exercise of this branch of
+    the prerogative is declared in the form or preamble of all patents of
+    honor, to proceed _ex mero motu_, as an act of mere grace and favor,
+    and that such acts are not done as many other acts of public nature
+    are, by and with the advice of the Privy Council; or as acts of pardon
+    usually run, upon a favorable representation of several circumstances,
+    or upon reports from the Attorney-General or other officers, that such
+    acts are lawful or expedient, or for the safety or advantage of the
+    Crown; but flows entirely from the beneficent and gracious disposition
+    of the Sovereign. He farther says, that neither the warrants for
+    patents of honor, the bills or other engrossments of such patents, are
+    at any time communicated to the council or the treasury, as several
+    other patents are; and therefore the said Earl, either as High
+    Treasurer or Privy Councillor, could not have any knowledge of the
+    same: Nevertheless, if her late sacred Majesty had thought fit to
+    acquaint him with her most gracious intentions of creating any number
+    of peers of this realm, and had asked his opinion, whether the persons
+    whom she then intended to create were persons proper to have been
+    promoted to that dignity, he does believe he should have highly
+    approved her Majesty's choice; and does not apprehend that in so doing
+    he had been guilty of any breach of his duty, or violation of the trust
+    in him reposed; since they were all persons of honor and distinguished
+    merit, and the peerage thereby was not greatly increased, considering
+    some of those created would have been peers by descent, and many noble
+    families were then lately extinct: And the said Earl believes many
+    instances may be given where this prerogative hath been exercised by
+    former princes of this realm, in as extensive a manner; and
+    particularly in the reigns of King Henry the Eighth, King James the
+    First, and his late Majesty King William. The said Earl begs leave to
+    add, that in the whole course of his life he hath always loved the
+    established constitution, and in his private capacity as well as in all
+    public stations, when he had the honor to be employed, has ever done
+    his utmost to preserve it, and shall always continue so to do."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTS' HOUSES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 264.)
+
+The mention there made of the recent discovery of one of these subterranean
+vaults or passages in Aberdeenshire, induces me to ask a question in regard
+to two subterranean passages which have lately been discovered in
+Berwickshire, and which so far differ from all others that I have heard or
+read of, that whereas all of them seem to have been built at the sides with
+large flat stones, and roofed with similar ones, and then covered with
+earth, those which I am about to mention are both hewn out of the solid
+rock. They are both situated in the Lammermoor range of hills. Those
+persons who have seen them are at a loss to know for what {393} purpose
+they could have been excavated, unless for the purpose of sepulture in the
+times of the aborigines, or of very early inhabitants of Britain, as they
+in many respects resemble those stone graves which are mentioned in
+Worsaae's _Description of the Primæval Antiquities of Denmark_, translated
+and applied to the illustration of similar remains in England by Mr. Thoms.
+
+One of these cavities is situated on a remote pasture farm, among the hills
+belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale, called Braidshawrigg; and was
+discovered by a shepherd very near his own house, within less than a
+quarter of a mile up a small stream which runs past it, and on the opposite
+side of the water, a few yards up the steep hill. The shepherd had observed
+for some time that one of his dogs was in the habit of going into what he
+supposed to be a rabbit hole at this place, and when he was missing and
+called, he generally came out of this hole. At last, curiosity led his
+master to take a spade and dig into it; and he soon found that, after
+digging down into the soil to the rock, the cavity became larger, and had
+evidently been the work of human hands. Information was given to Lord
+Lauderdale, and the rubbish was cleared away. It (the rubbish) did not
+extend far in, and after that the passage was clear. The excavation
+consists of a passage cut nearly north and south (the entrance being to the
+south) through various strata of solid rocks, partly grauwacke, (or what is
+there called _whinstone_), and partly grey slate: the strata lying east and
+west, and nearly vertical. The whole length of it is seventy-four feet.
+From the entrance the passage, for four or five yards, slopes downwards
+into the hill; it then runs horizontally the length of sixty-three feet
+from the entrance, when it changes its direction at right angles to the
+westward for a distance of eleven feet; when it ends with the solid rock.
+It is regularly from three feet four inches to three feet six inches wide,
+and about seven feet high, the ceiling being somewhat circular. The floor
+is the rock cut square. The time and labour must have been great to cut
+this passage, as not more than one man could conveniently quarry the rock
+at the same time. It might have been supposed that this was a level to a
+mine, as copper has been worked in this range farther eastward; but the
+passage does not follow any vein, but cuts across all the strata, and keeps
+a straight line, till it turns westward, and then in another straight line;
+and the floors, sides, and roof are all made quite regular and even with a
+pickaxe or a hammer. There does not appear to have been at any time any
+other habitation than the shepherd's house, and another cottage a little
+lower down the stream, in the neighbourhood. The discovery of this cavern
+recalled to the recollection of myself, and some of my family, that a few
+years ago, in cutting a road through the rock into a whinstone quarry,
+about four miles south of Braidshawrigg, near a mill, we had cut across the
+east end of a passage somewhat similar to the one before mentioned, but
+running east and west; that we had cleared it out for a short way, but as
+it then went under a corner of one of the houses belonging to the mill, we
+stopped, for fear of bringing down the building, as this passage, though
+cut out of the solid rock, was not a mine, but had been worked to the
+surface; and, if it ever had been used for purposes of sepulture, must have
+been roofed with flagstones, and then covered with earth like other Picts'
+houses. But these roof-stones must have been carried away, and the whole
+trench was filled with rubbish, and all trace of it on the surface was
+obliterated. This passage we have lately opened, and cleared out. To the
+westward it passes into the adjoining water-mill, which is itself in great
+part formed by excavation of the rock; and the east wall of the upper part
+of the mill is arched over the passage. Beyond the west wall of the mill
+which adjoins the stream, there is a continuation of the trench through the
+rock down to the water, which serves to take away that which passes over
+the millwheel at right angles to where the rock has been cut away to make
+room for the millwheel itself. That which has been cut away in making the
+trench, is a seam of clay slate about three feet six inches in breadth,
+between two solid whinstone rocks. The length of the passage, from the east
+end, which terminated in rock, to the mill, is sixty-three feet. The mill
+is thirty feet, and the cut beyond it twelve feet: in all, one hundred and
+five feet. The average depth is about twelve feet; but as it slopes down to
+the stream, some of it is sixteen feet deep. It has been suggested that it
+might have been dug out in order to obtain the coarse slate; but the
+difficulty of working a confined seam like this, in any other way than by
+picking it out piecemeal with immense labour, seems impossible. It can
+never have been meant to convey water to the mill, as the highest part
+begins in the solid rock, and the object must always have been to keep the
+water on the highest possible level, until it reached the top of the
+millwheel. Nothing was found in either of these excavations.--After this
+long discussion, Query, What can have been the purpose for which these
+laborious works can have been executed?
+
+J. S. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRONUNCIATION OF "HUMBLE."
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 229. 298.)
+
+It is my misfortune entirely to differ from MR. DAWSON (p. 229.) and MR.
+CROSSLEY (p. 298.) as to the pronunciation of _humble_; and permit me to
+say (with all courtesy) that I was unfeignedly surprised at the latter's
+assertion, that sounding {394} the _h_ is "a recent attempt to introduce a
+mispronunciation," as I have known that mode of pronunciation all but
+universally prevalent for nearly the last forty years; and I have had
+pretty good opportunities for observing what the general usage in that
+respect was, as I was for some years at a very large public school, then at
+Oxford for more than the usual time, and have since resided in London more
+than twenty-five years, practising as a barrister in Westminster Hall, and
+on one of the largest circuits. If, therefore, I have not had ample means
+of judging as to the pronunciation of _humble_, I know not where the means
+are to be found; especially as I doubt whether _humble_ and _humbly_ are
+anywhere so frequently used as in courts: a counsel rarely making a speech
+without "_humbly_ submitting" or making a "_humble_ application." Now the
+result of my experience is, that the _h_ is almost universally sounded; and
+at this moment I cannot call to mind a single gentleman who omits it, who
+does not also omit it in many other instances where no doubt can exist that
+it ought to be sounded.
+
+MR. DAWSON believes the sounding the _h_ to be "one of those, either
+Oxford, or Cambridge, or both, peculiarities of which no reasonable
+explanation can be given." Now I believe MR. DAWSON is right in supposing
+that that usage is general both at Oxford and Cambridge, and I rather think
+that not only an explanation of the fact may be given, but that the fact
+itself, that in both the Universities the _h_ is sounded, is extremely
+cogent evidence that it is correct. It cannot be doubted that the fact that
+a word is spelled with certain letters is clear proof that, at the time
+when that spelling was adopted, the word was so sounded as to give a
+distinct sound to each of the letters used, and that clearly must have been
+the case with words beginning with _h_ especially. When, therefore, the
+present spelling of _humble_ was adopted, the _h_ was sounded. Now, whilst
+I freely admit that the utterance of any word may be changed--"Si volet
+usus, quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi"--still it cannot
+be questioned that the usage must be so general, clear, and distinct among
+the better educated classes (where-ever they may have received their
+education) as to leave no reasonable doubt about the matter; and that it
+lies on those who assert that such a change has taken place, to show such a
+usage as I have mentioned. And when the number of the members of the
+Universities is considered, and their position as men of education, it must
+at least admit of doubt whether, if a general usage prevailed among them to
+pronounce a particular word in the manner in which it originally was
+pronounced, this would not alone prevent a different pronunciation among
+others from having that general prevalence, which would be sufficient to
+justify a change in the utterance of such word.
+
+But let us consider whether the usage of the Universities is not very
+cogent evidence that the _h_ is generally sounded throughout England, 1.
+Each University contains a large number of the higher and better educated
+classes. 2. The members come from all parts of England indiscriminately. 3.
+Infinitely the majority come from schools; and some of the large schools
+have generally many members at each University. By such persons the
+pronunciation of the schools cannot fail to be represented. 4. Every one on
+entering the University is expected at least to know his own language. 5.
+There is no instruction, as far as I know (however much the fact may be to
+be regretted), ever given in English at either University. 6. There is a
+perpetual change of about a third of the members every year, few remaining
+above three years. Now can any one, who candidly considers these facts,
+doubt that a usage in pronouncing a particular word at _either_ University
+if generally prevalent, is very strong evidence that the same usage is
+generally prevalent throughout England; but if any one does entertain such
+a doubt, surely it must be done away, when he finds that the same usage
+prevails at _both_ Universities; though there exists such a degree of
+rivalry between them as would prevent the one from adopting from the other
+any usage which was liable to any the least doubt, and though there is no
+communication between them that could account for the same usage prevailing
+in both.
+
+MR. CROSSLEY appeals to the Prayer Book as a decisive authority, and
+instances "an _humble_," &c. If any one will examine the Prayer Book, he
+will find that it is no authority at all; as "an" is at least as often used
+erroneously before _h_ as not. In reading over the first sixty-eight
+Psalms, I found the following instances--Ps. xxvii. 3. and Ps. xxxiii. 15.,
+"An host of men;" Ps. xlvii. 4. and Ps. lxi. 5., "An heritage;" Ps. xlix.
+18., "An happy man," Ps. lv. 5., "An horrible dread;" Ps. lxviii. 15., "An
+high hill." And in the same Psalms I only found _one_ instance of _a_
+before _h_, viz. in Ps. xxxiii. 16., "A horse;" and in this case the Bible
+version has "An horse." In the first Lesson for the 19th Sunday after
+Trinity, Dan. iii. 4., "An herald," and 27., "An hair of their head,"
+occur; and in the next chapter (iv. 13.), "An holy one." It is plain from
+these instances (and doubtless many others may be found), that the use of
+"an" before _h_, in the Bible or Prayer Book, can afford no test whatever
+whether the _h_ ought to be sounded or not.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+After the sensible Note of your correspondent E. H., it is perhaps hardly
+necessary to say more on the subject of aspirated and mute _h_. If these
+remarks, therefore, seem superfluous, they may easily be suppressed, and
+that too without any offence to the writer. {395}
+
+It is very dangerous to dogmatise on the English language. We really have
+no authority to which we can confidently appeal, except the usage of good
+society: "Quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi."
+Unfortunately, however, every man is convinced, that in _his own_ society
+that usage is to be found; and your correspondents, who have agreed in
+approving the _Heapian_ pronunciation, will probably, on that ground, still
+retain the same opinion.
+
+The only words in the English language, in which _h_ is written, but not
+pronounced, are words derived from Latin through the French; but of these,
+many in English retain the aspirate, though in French nearly all lose it.
+The exceptions collected by E. H. satisfactorily prove that we do not
+follow the French rule implicitly. They indeed carry the non-aspiration
+farther than to words of Latin derivation. They omit the aspirate to nearly
+all words derived from Greek. This we never do. I think that E. H.'s rule,
+of always aspirating _h_ before _u_, is not entirely without exceptions.
+Except in Ireland, I never heard _humour_ or _humorous_ aspirated, though
+in _humid_ and _humect_ the _h_ is always sounded. If this be right, it
+depends solely on the usage of good society, and not on rules laid down by
+Walker or Lindley Murray, whose authority we do _not_ acknowledge as
+infallible. I may here remark, that no arguments can be drawn from our
+Liturgy or translation of the Bible that would not prove too much. If,
+because we find in our Liturgy "an _humble_, lowly, and obedient heart," we
+are to read "an _'umble_," we must also read "an 'undred, an 'ouse, an
+'eap, an 'eart;" for _an_ was prefixed in our Liturgy as well as in our
+translated Bible to _every_ word beginning with _h_, and not (as one of
+your correspondents supposes) only to words beginning with silent _h_.
+Among young clergymen there is a growing habit (derived I suppose from
+Walker, or other such sources) of indulging in the _Heapian_ dialect. I
+think Mr. Dickens will have done us more good by his ridicule, than will
+ever be effected by serious arguments; and I feel as much obliged to him as
+to E. H. To show how dangerous it is to be bound by a mere grammarian
+authority, a disciple of Vaugelas or Restaut (no insignificant names in
+French philology) would be led to read _les héros_ as if it were "les
+zéros."
+
+E. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 220.)
+
+I can answer MR. WELD TAYLOR for at least one public school having no
+library, nor any books for other purposes than tasks, _i.e._ Christ's
+Hospital, London: whether any other metropolitan schools are provided with
+books I do not know. When I was at the above school, at all events, we had
+no books except for learning out of; whether reform has crept in since I
+was there, twenty-five years ago, I cannot say. I speak of then, not now.
+
+I remember very well a dusty cupboard with "Read, Mark, Learn," painted in
+ostentatious letters on it. And these profound words were just like a park
+gate with high iron railings, where you may peep in and get no farther--no
+more could we: for we never saw the inside of it, and nobody could say
+where the key was, therefore what flowery _pleasaunce_ of knowledge it
+contained nobody perhaps knows to this day. I also remember how greedily
+any entertaining book was borrowed, begged, and circulated; and thumbed and
+dog's-eared to admiration. _Rasselas_ and _Gulliver's Travels_, _Robinson
+Crusoe_, or _Sandford and Merton_, poor things! they became at last what
+might be supposed a public arsenal of umbrellas would at the last.
+
+When I reflect on that time, and the dreary winter's evenings, trundled to
+bed almost by daylight, my very heart sinks. What a luxury if some
+Christian had been allowed to read aloud for an hour, instead of lying
+awake studying the ghastly lamp that swung from the ceiling in the
+dormitory; or if some one with a modicum of information had given half an
+hour's lecture on some entertaining branch of science. Perhaps these
+antique schools are reformed in some measure, or perhaps they are waiting
+till their betters are.
+
+I observe, however, that certain parish work-house schools have, within
+these few days, taken the hint. Perhaps our public schools, for some are
+very wealthy, may be able to afford to follow their example.
+
+E. H.
+
+Wimborne Minster, Dorset.
+
+Marlborough College possesses a library of about four thousand volumes,
+entirely the munificent contribution of Mr. M^cGeachy, one of the council.
+The boys of the fifth and sixth forms are allowed access daily at certain
+fixed hours, the librarian being present. In addition to this, libraries
+are now being formed in each house, which are maintained by small
+half-yearly subscriptions, and which will contain books of a more amusing
+character, and better suited for the younger boys.
+
+B. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--If this subject be not already exhausted, the
+following account of my method of preparing the material in question, which
+differs in some few important particulars from any I have seen published,
+may be of interest to some of my brother operators. {396}
+
+I have, after a very considerable number of experiments, succeeded in
+producing the _very highly_ varnished appearance so conspicuous in some of
+the foreign proofs; and although I cannot say I admire it in general, more
+especially as regards landscapes, yet it is sometimes very effective for
+portraits, giving a depth of tone to the shadows, and a roundness to the
+flesh, which is very striking. Moreover, a photographer may just as well be
+acquainted with every kind of manipulation connected with the art.
+
+Having but a very moderate amount of spare time, and that at uncertain
+intervals, to devote to this seductive pursuit, I am always a great
+stickler for _economy of time_ in all the processes, as well as for economy
+of material, the former with me having, perhaps, a shade more influence
+than the latter.
+
+As in all other processes, I find that the _kind of paper_ made use of has
+a most important bearing upon the result. That which I find the best is of
+French manufacture, known as Canson Frères' (both the thin and the thick
+sorts), probably in consequence of their being sized with starch. The thin
+sort (the same as is generally used for waxed-paper negatives) takes the
+highest polish, but more readily embrowns after being rendered sensitive,
+and the lights are not ever quite so white as when the positive paper is
+used.
+
+In order to save both time and labour, I prepare my papers in the _largest_
+sizes that circumstances will admit of, as it takes little or no more time
+to prepare and render sensitive a large sheet than a small one; and as I
+always apply the silver solution by means of the glass rod, I find that a
+half-sheet of Canson's paper (being seventeen inches by eleven inches the
+half-sheet) is the best size to operate on. If the whole sheet is used, it
+requires _more_ than double the quantity of solution to ensure its being
+properly covered, which additional quantity is simply so much waste.
+
+A most convenient holder for the paper whilst being operated upon, is one
+suggested by Mr. Horne of Newgate Street, and consists of a piece of
+half-inch Quebec yellow pine plank (a soft kind of deal), eleven inches by
+seventeen inches, screwed to a somewhat larger piece of the same kind, but
+with the grain of the wood at right angles to the upper piece, in order to
+preserve a perfectly flat surface. On to the upper piece is glued a
+covering of japanned-flannel, such as is used for covering tables, taking
+care to select for the purpose that which has no raised pattern, the
+imitation of rosewood or mahogany being unexceptionable on that account.
+The paper can be readily secured to the arrangement alluded to by means of
+a couple of pins, one at each of two opposite angles, the wood being
+sufficiently soft to admit of their ready penetration.
+
+_To prepare the Albumen._--Take the white of _one_ egg; this dissolve in
+one ounce of distilled water, two grains of chloride of sodium (common
+salt), and two grains of _grape_ sugar; mix with the egg, whip the whole to
+froth, and allow it to stand until it again liquefies. The object of this
+operation is to thoroughly incorporate the ingredients, and render the
+whole as homogeneous as possible.
+
+A variety in the resulting tone is produced by using ten grains of sugar of
+milk instead of the grape sugar.
+
+The albumen mixture is then laid on to the paper by means of a flat
+camel's-hair brush, about three inches broad, the mixture being first
+poured into a cheese plate, or other flat vessel, and all froth and bubbles
+carefully removed from the surface. Four longitudinal strokes with such a
+brush, if properly done, will cover the whole half-sheet of paper with an
+even thin film; but in case there are any lines formed, the brush may be
+passed very lightly over it again in a direction at right angles to the
+preceding. The papers should then be allowed to remain on a perfectly level
+surface until nearly dry, when they may be suspended for a few minutes
+before the fire, to complete the operation. In this condition the glass is
+but moderate, and as is generally used; but if, after the first drying
+before the fire, the papers are again subjected to precisely the same
+process, the negative paper will shine like polished glass. That is coated
+again with the albumenizing mixture, and dried as before.
+
+One egg, with the ounce of water, &c., is enough to cover five half-sheets
+with two layers, or five whole sheets with one.
+
+I rarely iron my papers, as I do not find any advantage therein, because
+the moment the silver solution is applied the albumen becomes coagulated,
+and I cannot discover the slightest difference in the final result, except
+that when the papers are ironed I sometimes find flaws and spots occur from
+some carelessness in the ironing process.
+
+If the albumenized paper is intended to be kept for any _long_ time before
+use, the ironing may be useful as a protection against moisture, provided
+the _iron be sufficiently hot_; but the temperature ought to be
+considerable.
+
+To render the paper sensitive, I use a hundred-grain solution of nitrate of
+silver, of which forty-five minims will exactly cover the sheet of
+seventeen inches by eleven inches, if laid on with the glass rod. A weaker
+solution will do, but with the above splendid tints may be produced. As to
+the ammonio-nitrate of silver, I have totally abandoned its use, and, after
+many careful experiments, I am satisfied that its extra sensitiveness is a
+delusion, while the rapid tendency of paper prepared with it to spoil is
+increased tenfold.
+
+The fixing, of course, modifies considerably the tone of the proof, but
+almost any desired shade {397} may be attained by following the plan of MR.
+F. M. LYTE, published in "N. & Q.," provided the negative is sufficiently
+intense to admit of a considerable degree of over-printing.
+
+It is a fact which appears to be entirely overlooked by many operators,
+that the _intensity_ of the negative is the chief agent in conducing to
+black tones in the positive proof; and it is almost impossible to produce
+them if the negative is poor and weak: and the same observation applies to
+a negative that has been _over_-exposed.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_Cement for Glass Baths._--The best I have tried is Canada balsam. My baths
+I have had in use five years, and have used them for exciting, developing
+hypo. and cyanide, and are as good as when first used.
+
+NOXID.
+
+_New Process for Positive Proofs._--I have tried a method of preparing my
+paper for positive proofs, which, as I have not seen it mentioned as
+employed by others, and the results appear to me very satisfactory, I am
+induced to communicate to you, and to accompany by some specimens, which
+will enable you to judge of the amount of success.
+
+I use a glass cylinder, with air-pump attached, such as that described by
+MR. STEWART as employed by him for iodizing his paper. I put in this the
+salt solution, and that I use is thus composed: 2 drachms of sugar of milk,
+dissolved in 20 ounces of water, adding--
+
+  Chloride of barium             15 grs.
+  Chloride of sodium             15 grs.
+  Chloride of ammonium           15 grs.
+
+In this I plunge several sheets of paper rolled into a coil (taking care
+that they are covered by the solution), and exhaust the air. I leave them
+thus for a few minutes, then take them out and hang them up to dry; or as
+the sheets are rather difficult to pin, from the paper giving way, spread
+them on a frame, across which any common kind of coarse muslin or tarletan,
+such as that I inclose, is stretched.
+
+I excite with ammonio-nitrate of silver, 30 grains to 1 ounce of water,
+applied with a flat brush.
+
+I fix in a bath of plain hypo. of the strength of one-sixth. The bath in
+which the inclosed specimens were fixed has been in use for some little
+time, and therefore has acquired chloride of silver.
+
+I previously prepared my paper by _brushing_ it with the same salt
+solution, and the difference of effect produced may be seen by comparing a
+proof so obtained, which I inclose, with the others. This latter is of
+rather a reddish-brown, and not very agreeable tint. I have inclosed the
+proofs as printed on paper of Whatman, Turner, and Canson Frères, so as to
+show the effect in each case. The advantages which the mode I have detailed
+possesses are, I think, these:
+
+Greater sensitiveness in the paper,
+
+A good black tint, and
+
+Greater freedom from spots and blemishes, all very material merits.
+
+C. E. F.
+
+    [Our Correspondent has forwarded five specimens, four of which are
+    certainly very satisfactory, the fifth is the one prepared by
+    brushing.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Groaning Elm-plank in Dublin_ (Vol. viii., p. 309.).--DR. RIMBAULT has
+given an account of the groaning-board, one of the popular delusions of two
+centuries ago: the following notice of it, extracted from my memoir of Sir
+Thomas Molyneux, Bart., M.D., and published in the _Dublin University_ for
+September, 1841, may interest your readers:
+
+    "In one of William Molyneux's communications he mentions the exhibition
+    of 'the groaning elm-plank' in Dublin, a curiosity that attracted much
+    attention and many learned speculations about the years 1682 and 1683.
+    He was, however, too much of a philosopher to be gulled with the rest
+    of the people who witnessed this so-called 'sensible elm-plank,' which
+    is said to have groaned and trembled on the application of a hot iron
+    to one end of it. After explaining the probable cause of the noise and
+    tremulousness by its form and condition, and by the sap being made to
+    pass up through the pores or tubuli of the plank which was in some
+    particular condition, he says: 'But, Tom, the generality of mankind is
+    lazy and unthoughtful, and will not trouble themselves to think of the
+    reason of a thing: when they have a brief way of explaining anything
+    that is strange by saying, "The devil's in it," what need they trouble
+    their heads about pores, and matters, and motion, figure, and
+    disposition, when the devil and a witch shall solve the phenomena of
+    nature.'"
+
+W. R. WILDE.
+
+_Passage in Whiston_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--J. T. complains of not being
+able to find a passage in Whiston, which he says is referred to in p. 94.
+of _Taylor on Original Sin_, Lond. 1746. I do not know what Taylor he
+refers to. Jeremy Taylor wrote a treatise on original sin; but he lived
+before Whiston. I have looked into two editions of the _Scripture Doctrine
+of Original Sin_, by John Taylor, one of Lond. 1741, and another of Lond.
+1750; but in neither of these can I find any mention of Mr. Whiston.
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+"_When Orpheus went down_" (Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).--In addition to the
+information given upon this old song by MR. OLDENSHAW, I beg to add the
+following. It was written for and sung {398} by Mr. Beard, in a pantomimic
+entertainment entitled _Orpheus and Euridice_, acted at the theatre in
+Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1740. The author of the entertainment was Mr. Henry
+Sommer, but the song in question was "translated from the Spanish" by the
+Rev. Dr. Samuel Lisle, who died Rector of Burclere, Hants, 1767. It was
+long very popular, and is found in almost all the song-books of the latter
+half of the last century. Mr. Park, the editor of the last edition of
+Ritson's _English Songs_ (vol. ii. p. 153.), has the following note upon
+this song:
+
+    "An answer to this has been written in the way of echo, and in defence
+    of the fair sex, whom the Spanish author treated with such libellous
+    sarcasm."
+
+As this "echo song" is not given by Ritson or his editor, I have
+transcribed it from a broadside in my collection. It is said to have been
+written by a lady.
+
+  "When Orpheus went down to the regions below,
+    To bring back the wife that he lov'd,
+  Old Pluto, confounded, as histories show,
+    To find that his music so mov'd:
+  That a woman so good, so virtuous, and fair,
+    Should be by a man thus trepann'd,
+  To give up her freedom for sorrow and care,
+    He own'd she deserv'd to be damn'd.
+
+  "For punishment he never study'd a whit,
+    The torments of hell had not pain
+  Sufficient to curse her; so Pluto thought fit
+    Her husband should have her again.
+  But soon he compassion'd the woman's hard fate,
+    And, knowing of mankind so well,
+  He recall'd her again, before 'twas too late,
+    And said, she'd be happier in hell."
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Foreign Medical Education_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--Your correspondent
+MEDICUS will find some information respecting _some_ of the foreign
+universities in the _Lancet_ for 1849, and the _Medical Times and Gazette_
+for 1852. For France he will find all he wants in Dr. Roubaud's _Annuaire
+Médical et Pharmaceutique de la France_, published by Baillière, 219.
+Regent Street.
+
+M. D.
+
+"_Short red, good red_" (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--Sir Walter has probably
+borrowed this saying from the story of Bishop Walchere, when he related the
+murder of Adam, Bishop of Caithness. This tragical event is told in the
+_Chronicle of Mailros_, under the year 1222; also in _Forduni
+Scotichronicon_, and in Wyntoun's _Chronicle_, book vii. c. ix.; but the
+words "short red, good red," do not appear in these accounts of the
+transaction.
+
+J. MN.
+
+_Collar of SS._ (Vols. iv.-vii. _passim_).--At the risk of frightening you
+and your correspondents, I venture to resume this subject, in consequence
+of a circumstance to which my attention has just been directed.
+
+In the parish church of Swarkestone in Derbyshire there is a monument to
+Richard Harpur, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign
+of Elizabeth; on which he is represented in full judicial costume, with the
+collar of SS., which I am told by the minister of the parish is "distinctly
+delineated." It may be seen in Fairholt's _Costumes of England_, p. 278.
+
+As far as I am aware, this is the only instance, either on monuments or in
+portraits, of a _puisne_ judge being ornamented with this decoration. Can
+any of your correspondents produce another example? or can they account,
+from any other cause, for Richard Harpur receiving such a distinction? or
+may I not rather attribute it to the blunder of the sculptor?
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_Who first thought of Table-turning_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--It is
+impossible to say who discovered the table-turning experiment, but it
+undoubtedly had its origin in the United States. It was practised here
+three years ago, and, although sometimes associated with spirit-rappings,
+has more frequently served for amusement. On this connexion it may be
+proper to say that Professor Faraday's theory of unconscious muscular force
+meets with no concurrence among those who know anything about the subject
+in this country. It is notorious that large tables have been moved
+frequently by five or six persons, whose fingers merely touched them,
+although upon each was seated a stout man, weighing a hundred and fifty or
+sixty pounds: neither involuntary nor voluntary muscular force could have
+effected _that_ physical movement, when there was no other _purchase_ on
+the table than that which could be gained by a pressure of the tips of the
+fingers.
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Passage of Thucydides on the Greek Factions_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.; Vol.
+viii., pp. 44. 137.).--My attempt to find the passage attributed by Sir A.
+Alison to Thucydides in the real Thucydides was unsuccessful for the best
+of reasons, viz. that it does not exist there. He has probably borrowed it
+from some modern author, who, as it appears to me, has given a loose
+paraphrase of the words which I cited from _Thucyd._ III. 82., and has
+expanded the thought in a manner not uncommon with some writers, by adding
+the expression about the "sword and poniard." Some other misquotations of
+Sir A. Alison from the classical writers may be seen in the _Edinburgh
+Review_ for April last, No. CXCVIII. p. 275.
+
+L.
+
+_Origin of "Clipper" as applied to Vessels_ (Vol. viii., p. 100.).--For
+many years the fleetest sailing vessels built in the United States were
+{399} constructed at Baltimore. They were very sharp, long, low; and their
+masts were inclined at a much greater angle than usual with those in other
+vessels. Fast sailing pilot boats and schooners were thus rigged; and in
+the last war with England, privateers of the Baltimore build were
+universally famed for their swiftness and superior sailing qualities. "A
+Baltimore clipper" became the expression among shipbuilders for a vessel of
+peculiar make; in the construction of which, fleetness was considered of
+more importance than a carrying capacity. When the attention of naval
+architects was directed to the construction of swift sailing ships, they
+were compelled to adopt the clipper shape. Hence the title "Clipper Ship,"
+which has now extended from America to England.
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--In the third edition of _In
+Memoriam_, LXXXIX., 1850, the last line mentioned by W. T. M. is "Flits by
+the sea-blue bird of March," instead of "blue sea-bird." This reading
+appears to be a better one. I would suggest that the bird meant by Tennyson
+was the Tom-tit, who, from his restlessness, may be said to flit among the
+bushes.
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--This work of the
+learned Bishop of Avranches was written in Latin, and translated into
+French by J. B. Desrockes de Parthenay. It forms part of the second volume
+of a collection of treatises edited by Bruzen de la Martinière, under the
+title of _Traités Géographiques et Historiques pour faciliter
+l'intelligence de l'Ecriture Sainte, par divers auteurs célèbres_, 1730, 2
+vols. 12mo.
+
+I am unable to reply to EDINA's second Query, as to the result of Huet's
+assertions.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Sincere_ (Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328.).--The derivation of this word from
+_sine cerâ_ appears very fanciful. If this were the correct derivation, we
+should expect to find _sinecere_, for the _e_ would scarcely be dropped;
+just as we have the English word _sinecure_, which is the only compound of
+the preposition _sine_ I know; and is itself _not a Latin word_, but of a
+later coinage. Some give as the derivation _semel_ and [Greek: keraô]--that
+is, once mixed, without adulteration; the [Greek: e] being lengthened, as
+the Greek [Greek: akêratos]. The proper spelling would then be _simcerus_,
+and euphonically _sincerus_: thus we have _sim-plex_, which does not mean
+without a fold, but (_semel plico_, [Greek: plekô]) once folded. So also
+_singulus_, semel and termination. The proper meaning may be from tablets,
+_ceratæ tabellæ_, which were "once smeared with wax" and then written upon;
+they were then _sinceræ_, without forgery or deception. If they were in
+certain places covered with wax again, for the purpose of adding something
+secretly and deceptively, they cease to be _sinceræ_.
+
+J. T. JEFFCOCK.
+
+[Pi]. [Beta]. asks me for some authority for the alleged practice of Roman
+potters (or crock-vendors) to rub wax into the flaws of their unsound
+vessels. This was the very burden of my Query! I am no proficient in the
+Latin classics: yet I think I know enough to predicate that [Pi]. [Beta].
+is wrong in his version of the line--
+
+  "Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis acescit."
+
+I understand this line as referring to the notorious fact, that some
+liquors turn sour if the air gets to them from without. "Sincerum vas" is a
+sound or air-tight vessel. In another place (_Sat._, lib. i. 3.), Horace
+employs the same figure, where he says that we "call evil good, and good
+evil," figuring the sentiment thus:
+
+  "At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque
+  Sincerum cupimus vas _incrustare_"--
+
+meaning, of course, that we bring the vessel into suspicion, by treating it
+as if it were flawed. Dryden, no doubt, knew the radical meaning of
+_sincere_ when he wrote the lines cited by Johnson:
+
+  "He try'd a tough well-chosen spear;
+  Th' inviolable body stood sincere."
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_The Saltpetre Man_ (Vol. viii., p. 225.).--In addition to the curious
+particulars of this office, I send you an extract from Abp. Laud's _Diary_:
+
+    "December 13, Monday. I received letters from Brecknock; that the
+    _saltpeter man_ was dead and buried the Sunday before the messenger
+    came. This _saltpeter man_ had digged in the Colledge Church for his
+    work, bearing too bold upon his commission. The news of it came to me
+    to London about November 26. I went to my Lord Keeper, and had a
+    messenger sent to bring him up to answer that sacrilegious abuse. He
+    prevented his punishment by death."
+
+JOHN S. BURN.
+
+_Major André_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--There is in the picture gallery of
+Yale College, New Haven, Conn., an original sketch of Major André, executed
+by himself with pen and ink, and without the aid of a glass. It was drawn
+in his guard-room on the morning of the day first fixed for his execution.
+
+J. E.
+
+_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A DOUBTER is informed that the
+_National Intelligencer_ (published at Washington, and edited by Messrs.
+Gales and Seaton) is the authority for my statement respecting Mrs.
+Singleton, and her advanced age. If A DOUBTER is desirous of satisfying
+himself more fully respecting its correctness, he has but {400} to write to
+the above-named gentlemen, or to the English Consul at Charleston, S. C.,
+and his wish will doubtless be gratified. I cannot but hope that your
+correspondent's "fifty cents worth of reasons" for doubting my statement is
+now, or shortly will be, removed.
+
+If A DOUBTER intends to be in New York while the present Exhibition is
+open, he will have an opportunity of seeing a negro of the age of _one
+hundred and twenty-four_, who once belonged to General Washington, and from
+whom he could very possibly obtain some information respecting the aged
+"nurse" of the first President of the United States mentioned in his note.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 370.).--The passage for which your
+correspondent R. FITZSIMONS makes inquiry is to be found in the Eighth
+Eclogue, at the 44th and following lines:
+
+  "Nunc scio quid sit Amor," &c.
+
+The application by Johnson seems to be so plain as to need no explanation.
+
+F. B--W.
+
+_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--Your
+correspondent H. P. will find the love charm, consisting of a fig-shaped
+excrescence on a foal's forehead, and called _Hippomanes_, alluded to by
+Juvenal, _Sat._ VI. 133.:
+
+  "Hippomanes, carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum,
+  Privignoque datum?"
+
+And again, 615.:
+
+              "ut avunculus ille Neronis,
+  Cui totam tremuli frontem Cæsonia pulli
+  Infudit."
+
+It was supposed that the dam swallowed this excrescence immediately on the
+birth of her foal, and that, if prevented doing so, she lost all affection
+for it.
+
+However, the name Hippomanes was applied to two other things. Theocritus
+(II. 48.) uses it to signify some herb which incites horses to madness if
+they eat of it.
+
+And again, Virgil (_Geor._ III. 280.), Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, &c.,
+represent it as a certain _virus_:
+
+  "Hippomanes cupidæ stillat ab inguine equæ."
+
+The subject is an unpleasant one, and H. P. is referred for farther
+information to Pliny, VIII. 42. s. 66., and XXVIII. 11. s. 80.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+This lump was called _Hippomanes_; which also more truly designated,
+according to Virgil, another thing. The following paragraphs from Mr.
+Keightley's excellent _Notes on Virgil's Bucolics and Georgics_ will fully
+explain both meanings:
+
+    "_Hippomanes_, horse-rage: the pale yellow fluid which passes from a
+    mare at that season [_i. e._ when she is horsing] (cf. _Tibul._ II. 4.
+    58.), of which the smell (_aura_, v. 251.) incites the horse.
+
+    "_Vero nomine._ Because the bit of flesh which was said to be on the
+    forehead of the new-born foal, and which the mare was supposed to
+    swallow, was called by the same name (see _Æn._ IV. 515.); and also a
+    plant in Arcadia (_Theocr._ II. 48.). With respect to the former
+    Hippomanes, Pliny, who detailed truth and falsehood with equal faith,
+    says (VIII. 42.) that it grows on the foal's forehead; is of the size
+    of a dried fig (_carica_), and of a black colour; and that if the mare
+    does not swallow it immediately, she will not let the foal suck her.
+    Aristotle (_H. A._, VIII. 24.) says this is merely an old wives' tale.
+    He mentions, however, the [Greek: pôlion], or bit of livid flesh, which
+    we call the foal's bit, and which he says the mare ejects before the
+    foal."--_Notes, &c._, p. 273. on _Georgic._ III. 280. ff.
+
+With regard to the plant called _Hippomanes_, commentators, as may be seen
+from Kiessling's note on Theocritus, ii. 48., are by no means agreed.
+Certainly Andrews, in his edition of Freund, is wrong in referring Virgil
+_Georgic._ III. 283. to that meaning. The use of _legere_ probably misled.
+
+E. S. JACKSON.
+
+_Wardhouse, where was?_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--It probably is the same as
+Wardoehuus or Vardoehus, a district and town in Norwegian Finmark, on the
+shores of the Arctic Ocean, inhabited principally by fishermen.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_Divining Rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--The inquirer should read the
+statement made by Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his letters _On the Truths contained
+in Popular Superstitions_, 1851, pp. 3-21. To the facts there recorded I
+may add, that I have heard Mr. Dawson Turner relate that he himself saw the
+experiment of the divining rod satisfactorily carried out in the hands of
+Lady Noel Byron; and some account of it is to be found, I believe, in an
+article by Sir F. Palgrave, in the _Quarterly Review_.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--His arms are engraved
+on a plate dedicated to him by Willis, in his _Survey of the Cathedrals of
+England_, 1742, vol. i. p. 284., and appear thus, _Argent, on a chevron
+gules, three besants_; but in a MS. collection by the late Canon Rowling of
+Lichfield, relating to bishops' arms, I find his coat thus given,--_Argent,
+on a chevron engrailed gules, three besants_. The variation may have arisen
+from an error of the engraver. It appears from Willis that Dr. Waugh was a
+fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; and the entry of his matriculation would
+no doubt show in what part of England his family resided. He was
+successively Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean
+of Gloucester; and Bishop of {401} Carlisle; to which latter dignity he was
+promoted in August, 1723.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Pagoda_ (Vol. v., p. 415.).--The European word pagoda is most probably
+derived, by transposition of the syllables, from _da-go-ba_, which is the
+Pali or Sanscrit name for a Budhist temple. It appears probable that the
+Portuguese first adopted the word in Ceylon, the modern holy isle of
+Budhism.
+
+PH.
+
+Rangoon.
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+
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+
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+DEAFNESS, CHRONIC OR ACUTE NERVOUS DEAFNESS, SINGING NOISES AND PAINS IN
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+by which many thousands of sufferers have been instantly enabled to hear
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+inconvenience, or trouble to a child, or aged nervous sufferer of either
+sex. This truly important discovery for the cure of deafness, obviating as
+it does all the former dangerous and fatal operations, has been made by the
+eminent aurist, DR. DAVID THOMAS, ten years Consulting Surgeon, at 14.
+Stroud Street, Dover, the first application of which gives immediate
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+affliction of noises in the head and ears, immediately removed by its use.
+Each sufferer can apply it himself: the proof and result being instantly
+convincing, as it enables the previously deaf person to hear common tone
+conversation, who before could only be made to hear by loud shouting in the
+ear, or by means of a powerful ear-trumpet. It has been applied by the
+Doctor on hundreds of suffering applicants at most of the ear infirmaries
+and hospitals, with perfect success, and in many thousands of cases to whom
+he has sent it many had not heard the human voice for half their life, and
+some not at all, who by its use alone are now perfectly restored to hearing
+and the society of their fellow-creatures, and enabled to hear distinctly
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age      _£  s.  d._
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+M^cMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S
+HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.
+
+THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal,
+liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia
+(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn,
+flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin,
+rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea,
+and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants,
+fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c.
+
+_A few out of 50,000 Cures_:--
+
+    Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+    Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefit from your Revalenta
+    Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+    authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES."
+
+    Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia,
+    nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness
+    at the stomach and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent
+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
+    Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+    indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery and
+    which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured
+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
+    Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with
+    cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+    advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+  "Bonn, July 19, 1852.
+
+"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, nourishing,
+and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all kinds of
+medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, as also
+diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as
+stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of
+the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This really
+invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory result, not only
+in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where irritation and pain are to be
+removed, but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, in which it
+counteracts effectually the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with
+perfect truth to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica
+is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+  "DR. RUD WURZER,
+
+  "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M. D.
+  in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & Co., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, in Complete Sets, in Portable Cabinets, at moderate
+prices.
+
+SMALL SET, price 7l. 7s., containing every requisite for taking Landscapes
+and Pictures of inanimate objects, to a size not exceeding 7 by 6 inches.
+
+LARGE SET, price 11l., for Pictures up to 10 by 8 inches.--N. B. A
+Collodion Picture made by each set is given with it, to show the quality of
+the Lenses.
+
+Every article for taking either Landscapes or Portraits on Silver, Paper,
+or Glass, may be had of the undersigned. An illustrated priced Catalogue of
+Photographic Apparatus, price 3d., Post Free.
+
+JOHN J. GRIFFIN, Chemist and Optician. 10. Finsbury Square (Manufactory,
+119. and 120. Bunhill Row), removed from Baker Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CYANOGEN SOAP, for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of
+purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent.
+The genuine is made only by the inventor, and is secured with a red label
+pasted round each pot, bearing this signature and address:--
+
+RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals,
+10. Pall Mall, and may be procured of all respectable Chemists in pots at
+1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's
+Churchyard, and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents.
+{404}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP AND POPULAR EDITIONS OF STANDARD AUTHORS.
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+
+  REV. GEORGE CRABBE'S LIFE. 3s.
+
+  COLERIDGE'S TABLE-TALK. 6s.
+
+  COLERIDGE'S GREEK CLASSIC POETS. 5s. 6d.
+
+  BELL ON THE HAND. 7s. 6d.
+
+  LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. 5s.
+
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+
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+
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+  MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 5 vols. 6s. each.
+
+  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published THIS DAY.
+
+Contents:
+
+    I. THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.
+   II. MURDER OF THOMAS A BECKET.
+  III. THE DAUPHIN IN THE TEMPLE.
+   IV. THE HOLY PLACES.
+    V. DIARY OF CASAUBON.
+   VI. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, MESMERISM, AND TABLE-TURNING.
+  VII. LIFE OF HAYDON.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
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+*** Of this Popular Work more than 210,000 Copies have been sold.
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+CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVELYN'S DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+IN FOUR MONTHLY VOLUMES, price only 6s. each, bound, printed uniformly with
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+
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+CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN EVELYN, F.R.S.;" comprising all the important
+additional Notes, Letters, and other Illustrations last made, consequent on
+the re-examination of the original MS.
+
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+    Evelyn--one of the most valuable and interesting works in the
+    language--now deservedly regarded as an English classic."--_Examiner_.
+
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+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.
+
+This Day, with Woodcuts, fcap. 8vo., 1s.
+
+HISTORY OF THE GUILLOTINE. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON CROKER. Reprinted,
+with Additions, from "The Quarterly Review."
+
+The last Volume published, contained--
+
+ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS: HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC. By J. G. LOCKHART.
+
+To be followed by-- POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By SIR J. G.
+WILKINSON. With 500 Woodcuts.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+THE PRISON AND THE SCHOOL. The Chief ascertained Causes of Crime
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+Neglected, Destitute, and Criminal Children of the Metropolis. By EDMUND
+EDWARD ANTROBUS, F.S.A., Justice of the Peace for the County of Middlesex,
+and City and Liberty of Westminster; Visiting Justice of the House of
+Correction, Westminster.
+
+London: STAUNTON & SONS, 9. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, post 8vo., cloth, price 6s. 6d.
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+CURIOSITIES OF LONDON LIFE; or Phases, Physiological and Social, of the
+Great Metropolis. By C. M. SMITH, Author of "The Working Man's Way in the
+World." May be had at all the Libraries.
+
+Just published, post 8vo., cloth, price 5s.
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+THE WORKING MAN'S WAY IN THE WORLD; or the AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A JOURNEYMAN
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+Prince of Wales. 3. Mediæval Bardism. 4. The Welsh Church.
+
+    "Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the
+    principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our
+    island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and
+    language still linger."--_Notes and Queries_.
+
+London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
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+
+NEW EDITION OF THE ANABASIS BY ARNOLD AND BROWNE.
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+Now ready, in 12mo., price 6s. 6d.
+
+XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. With ENGLISH NOTES, translated (with Additions) from
+the German of DR. HERTLEIN, by the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of
+Lyndon, and the REV. HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon of Chichester. (Forming a
+New Volume of Arnold's "School Classics.")
+
+Books IV. to VII. of this Edition are contained in Mr. Arnold's "Fourth
+Greek Book."
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
+
+Lately published, by the same Editor, VIRGILII ÆNEIS. With English Notes
+from Dübner. 6s.
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+BISHOP BUTLER'S REMAINS.
+
+In 8vo., price 1s. 6d. (by post 1s. 10d.)
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+SOME REMAINS (hitherto unpublished) of JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D., sometime Lord
+Bishop of Durham, Author of "The Analogy of Religion."
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+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+PIFFERI AND TURNER'S NEW INTRODUCTION TO ITALIAN.
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+In 12mo., price 5s. 6d.
+
+THE FIRST ITALIAN BOOK: on the Plan of the REV. T. K. ARNOLD'S First French
+Book. By SIGNOR PIFFERI, Professor of Italian, and DAWSON W. TURNER, M.A.,
+Head Master of the Royal Institution School, Liverpool.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.
+
+Of whom may be had, by the late REV. T. K. ARNOLD, M.A.
+
+1. THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK, on the Plan of Henry's First Latin Book. Third
+Edition. 5s. 6d.
+
+2. THE FIRST GERMAN BOOK, upon the same Plan. Third Edition. 5s. 6d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+Just published, price 1s.
+
+THE STEREOSCOPE,
+
+Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An Essay, by
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+London: WALTON & MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster
+Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+Also, by the same Author, price 1s.,
+
+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
+Reid.
+
+    "Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+    Jobert."--_Sir W. Hamilton._
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON. Birmingham:
+H. C. LANGBRIDGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October
+22. 1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October
+22, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 ***
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 208.
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 3, 2008 [EBook #26767]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+One typographical error has been corrected. It
+appears in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 381 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page381"></a>{381}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 208.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, October 22. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition <i>5d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Prophet</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page381">381</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:&mdash;Folk Lore in
+      Cambridgeshire&mdash;New   Brunswick Folk Lore&mdash;North
+      Lincolnshire Folk   Lore&mdash;Portuguese Folk Lore</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page382">382</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Pope and Cowper, By J. Yeowell</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page383">383</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by Patrick Muirson, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page383">383</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Judicial
+      Families&mdash;Derivation of   "Topsy Turvy"&mdash;Dictionaries and
+      Encyclopædias&mdash;"Mary,   weep no more for me"&mdash;Epitaph at
+      Wood   Ditton&mdash;Pictorial Pun</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page384">384</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Sir Thomas Button's Voyage, 1612, by John Petheram</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page385">385</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;The Words "Cash" and
+      "Mob"&mdash;"History   of Jesus Christ"&mdash;Quantity of the Latin
+      Termination -anus&mdash;Webb and Walker Families&mdash;Cawdrey's
+      "Treasure of Similes"&mdash;Point of Etiquette&mdash;Napoleon's
+      Spelling&mdash;Trench on Proverbs&mdash;Rings   formerly worn by
+      Ecclesiastics&mdash;Butler's "Lives of   the Saints"&mdash;Marriage
+      of Cousins&mdash;Castle Thorpe,   Bucks&mdash;Where was Edward II.
+      killed?&mdash;Encore&mdash;Amcotts'   Pedigree&mdash;Blue Bell: Blue
+      Anchor&mdash;"We've   parted for the longest time"&mdash;Matthew
+      Lewis&mdash;Paradise Lost&mdash;Colonel Hyde Seymour&mdash;Vault   at
+      Richmond, Yorkshire&mdash;Poems published at
+      Manchester&mdash;Handel's Dettingen Te Deum&mdash;Edmund   Spenser
+      and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page386">386</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;The
+      Ligurian Sage&mdash;Gresebrok   in Yorkshire&mdash;Stillingfleet's
+      Library&mdash;The   whole System of Law&mdash;Saint Malachy on the
+      Popes&mdash;Work on the Human Figure</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page389">389</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"Namby Pamby," and other Words of the same Form</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page390">390</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Earl of Oxford</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page392">392</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Picts' Houses</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page392">392</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Pronunciation of "Humble"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page393">393</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>School Libraries</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page395">395</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic
+      Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Albumenized Paper&mdash;Cement for Glass
+      Baths&mdash;New Process for Positive   Proofs</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page395">395</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;The
+      Groaning Elmplank   in Dublin&mdash;Passage in Whiston&mdash;"When
+      Orpheus went down"&mdash;Foreign Medical Education&mdash;"Short
+      red, good red"&mdash;Collar of SS.&mdash;Who first   thought of
+      Table-turning&mdash;Passage of Thucydides on   the Greek
+      Factions&mdash;Origin of "Clipper" as applied   to
+      Vessels&mdash;Passage in Tennyson&mdash;Huet's Navigations   of
+      Solomon&mdash;Sincere&mdash;The Saltpetre Man&mdash;   Major
+      André&mdash;Longevity&mdash;Passage in Virgil&mdash;Love   Charm from
+      a Foal's Forehead&mdash;Wardhouse, where   was?&mdash;Divining
+      Rod&mdash;Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle&mdash;Pagoda</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page397">397</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page401">401</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page401">401</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page402">402</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>A PROPHET.</h3>
+
+  <p>What a curious book would be "Our Prophets and Enthusiasts!" The
+  literary and biographical records of the vaticinators, and the heated
+  spirits who, after working upon the fears of the timid, and exciting the
+  imaginations of the weak, have flitted into oblivion! As a specimen of
+  the odd characters such a work would embrace, allow me to introduce to
+  your readers Thomas Newans, a Shropshire farmer, who unhappily took it
+  into his head that his visit to the lower sphere was on a special
+  mission.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Newans is the author of a book entitled <i>A Key to the Prophecies
+  of the Old and New Testament</i>; showing (among other impending events)
+  "The approaching Invasion of England;" "The Extirpation of Popery and
+  Mahometisme;" "The Restoration of the Jews," and "The Millennium."
+  London: printed for the Author (who attests the genuineness of my copy by
+  his signature), 1747.</p>
+
+  <p>In this misfitted key he relates how, in a vision, he was invested
+  with the prophetic mantle:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In the year 1723, in the night," says Mr. Newans, "I fell into a
+  dream, and seemed to be riding on the road into the county of Cheshire.
+  When I was got about eight miles from home, my horse made a stop on the
+  road; and it seemed a dark night, and on a sudden there shone a light
+  before me on the ground, which was as bright as when the sun shines at
+  noon-day. In the middle of that bright circle stood a child in white. It
+  spoke, and told me that I must go into Cheshire, and I should find a man
+  with uncommon marks upon his feet, which should be a warning to me to
+  believe; and that the year after I should have a cow that would calve a
+  calf with his heart growing out of his body in a wonderful manner, as a
+  token of what should come to pass; and that a terrible war would break
+  out in Europe, and in fourteen years after the token it would extend to
+  England."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In compliance with his supernatural communication, our farmer
+  proceeded to Cheshire, where he found the man indicated; and, a year
+  after, his own farm stock was increased by the birth of a calf with his
+  heart growing out. And after taking his family, of seven, to witness to
+  the truth of <!-- Page 382 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page382"></a>{382}</span>what he describes, he adds with great
+  simplicity: "So then I rode to London to acquaint the ministers of state
+  of the approaching danger!"</p>
+
+  <p>This story of the calf with the heart growing out, is not a bad type
+  of the worthy grazier himself, and his <i>hearty</i> and burning zeal for
+  the Protestant faith. Mr. Newans distinctly and repeatedly predicts that
+  these "two beastly religions," <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i> the Popish and Mahomedan,
+  will be totally extirpated within seven years! And "I have," says he,
+  "for almost twenty years past, travelled to London and back again into
+  the country, near fifty journies, and every journey was two hundred and
+  fifty miles, to acquaint the ministers of state and several of the
+  bishops, and other divines, with the certainty, danger, and manner of the
+  war" which was to bring this about. Commenting on the story of Balaam,
+  our prophet says: "And now the world is grown so full of sin and
+  wickedness, that if a dumb ass should speak with a man's voice, they
+  would scarce repent:" and I conclude that the said statesmen and divines
+  did not estimate these prophetic warnings much higher than the brayings
+  of that quadruped which they turned out to be. Mr. Newan professes to
+  gave penned these vaticinations in the year 1744, twenty-one years after
+  the date of his vision; so that he had ample time to mature them. What
+  would the farmer say were he favoured with a peep at our world in 1853,
+  with its Mussulman system unbroken; and its cardinal, archbishops, and
+  Popish bishops firmly established in the very heart of Protestant
+  England?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. O.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire.</i>&mdash;About twenty years ago, at
+  Hildersham, there was a custom of ringing the church bell at five o'clock
+  in the leasing season. The cottagers then repaired to the fields to
+  glean; but none went out before the bell was rung. The bell tolled again
+  in the evening as a signal for all to return home. I would add a Query,
+  Is this custom continued; and is it to be met with in any other
+  place?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. M. Middleton.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>New Brunswick Folk Lore</i>:&mdash;<i>Common Notions respecting
+  Teeth.</i>&mdash;Among the lower orders and negroes, and also among young
+  children of respectable parents (who have probably derived the notion
+  from contact with the others as nurses or servants), it is here very
+  commonly held that when a tooth is drawn, if you refrain from thrusting
+  the tongue in the cavity, the second tooth will be golden. Does this idea
+  prevail in England?</p>
+
+  <p><i>Superstition respecting Bridges.</i>&mdash;Many years ago my
+  grandfather had quite a household of blacks, some of whom were slaves and
+  some free. Being bred in his family, a large portion of my early days was
+  thus passed among them, and I have often reverted to the weird
+  superstitions with which they froze themselves and alarmed me. Most of
+  these had allusion to the devil: scarcely one of them that I now
+  recollect but referred to him. Among others they firmly held that when
+  the clock struck twelve at midnight, the devil and a select company of
+  his inferiors regularly came upon that part of the bridge called "the
+  draw," and danced a hornpipe there. So firmly did they hold to this
+  belief, that no threat nor persuasion could induce the stoutest-hearted
+  of them to cross the fatal draw after ten o'clock at night. This belief
+  is quite contrary to that which prevails in Scotland, according to which,
+  Robin Burns being my authority, "neither witches nor any evil spirits
+  have power to follow a poor wight any farther than the middle of the next
+  running stream."<a name="footnotetag1"
+  href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. D. D.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">New Brunswick, New Jersey.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg,</p>
+      <p>And win the key-stane of the brig:</p>
+      <p>There at them thou thy tail may toss,</p>
+      <p>A running stream they dare na crass."&mdash;<i>Tam O'Shanter.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>North Lincolnshire Folk Lore.</i>&mdash;Here follow some shreds of
+  folk lore which I have not seen as yet in "N. &amp; Q." They all belong
+  to North Lincolnshire.</p>
+
+  <p>1. Death sign. If a swarm of bees alight on a dead tree, or on the
+  dead bough of a living tree, there will be a death in the family of the
+  owner during the year.</p>
+
+  <p>2. If you do not throw salt into the fire before you begin to churn,
+  the butter will not come.</p>
+
+  <p>3. If eggs are brought over running water they will have no chicks in
+  them.</p>
+
+  <p>4. It is unlucky to bring eggs into the house after sunset.</p>
+
+  <p>5. If you wear a snake's skin round your head you will never have the
+  headache.</p>
+
+  <p>6. Persons called Agnes always go mad.</p>
+
+  <p>7. A person who is born on Christmas Day will be able to see
+  spirits.</p>
+
+  <p>8. Never burn egg-shells; if you do, the hens cease to lay.</p>
+
+  <p>9. If a pigeon is seen sitting in a tree, or comes into the house, or
+  from being wild suddenly becomes tame, it is a sign of death.</p>
+
+  <p>10. When you see a magpie you should cross yourself; if you do not you
+  will be unlucky.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bottesford Moors.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Portuguese Folk Lore.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The borderer whispered in my ear that he was one of the dreadful
+  Lobishomens, a devoted race, held in mingled horror and commiseration,
+  and never mentioned <!-- Page 383 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page383"></a>{383}</span>without by the Portuguese peasantry. They
+  believe that if a woman be delivered of seven male infants successively,
+  the seventh, by an inexplicable fatality, becomes subject to the powers
+  of darkness; and is compelled, on every Saturday evening, to assume the
+  likeness of an ass. So changed, and followed by a horrid train of dogs,
+  he is forced to run an impious race over the moors and through the
+  villages; nor is allowed an interval of rest until the dawning Sabbath
+  terminates his sufferings, and restores him to his human
+  shape."&mdash;From Lord Carnarvon's <i>Portugal and Gallicia</i>, vol.
+  ii. p. 268.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>POPE AND COWPER.</h3>
+
+  <p>In Cowper's letter to Lady Hesketh, dated January 18, 1787, occurs a
+  notice for the first time of Mr. Samuel Rose, with whom Cowper
+  subsequently corresponded. He informs Lady Hesketh that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A young gentleman called here yesterday, who came six miles out of
+  his way to see me. He was on a journey to London from Glasgow, having
+  just left the University there. He came, I suppose, partly to satisfy his
+  own curiosity, but chiefly, as it seemed, to bring me the thanks of some
+  of the Scotch professors for my two volumes. His name is Rose, an
+  Englishman."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Prefixed to a copy of Hayley's <i>Life and Letters of William Cowper,
+  Esq.</i>, in the British Museum, is an extract in MS. of a letter from
+  the late Samuel Rose, Esq., to his favourite sister, Miss Harriet Rose,
+  written in the year before his marriage, at the age of twenty-two, and
+  which, I believe, has never been printed. It may, perhaps, merit a corner
+  of "N. &amp; Q."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p class="author">"Weston Lodge, Sept. 9, 1789.</p>
+
+  <p>"Last week Mr. Cowper finished the <i>Odyssey</i>, and we drank an
+  unreluctant bumper to its success. The labour of translation is now at an
+  end, and the less arduous work of revision remains to be done, and then
+  we shall see it published. I promise both you and myself much pleasure
+  from its perusal. You will most probably find it at first less pleasing
+  than Pope's versification, owing to the difference subsisting between
+  blank verse and rhyme&mdash;a difference which is not sufficiently
+  attended to, and whereby people are led into injudicious comparisons. You
+  will find Mr. Pope more refined: Mr. Cowper more simple, grand, and
+  majestic; and, indeed, insomuch as Mr. Pope is more refined than Mr.
+  Cowper, he is more refined than his original, and in the same proportion
+  departs from Homer himself. Pope's must universally be allowed to be a
+  beautiful poem: Mr. Cowper's will be found a striking and a faithful
+  portrait, and a pleasing picture to those who enjoy his style of
+  colouring, which I am apprehensive is not so generally acceptable as the
+  other master's. Pope possesses the gentle and amiable graces of a Guido:
+  Cowper is endowed with the bold sublime genius of a Raphael. After having
+  said so much upon their comparative merits, enough, I hope, to refute
+  your second assertion which was, that women, in the opinion of men, have
+  little to do with literature. I may inform you, that the <i>Iliad</i> is
+  to be dedicated to Earl Cowper, and the <i>Odyssey</i> to the Dowager
+  Lady Spencer but this information need not be extensively
+  circulated."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">50. Burton Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>"As You Like It."</i>&mdash;Believing that whatever illustrates,
+  even to a trifling extent, the great dramatic poet of England will
+  interest the readers of "N. &amp; Q.," I solicit their attention to the
+  resemblance between the two following passages:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"All the world's a stage,</p>
+      <p>And all the men and women merely players."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Si rectè aspicias, <i>vita hæc est fabula quædam</i>.</p>
+      <p><i>Scena autem, mundus versatilis</i>: <i>histrio et actor</i></p>
+      <p><i>Quilibet est hominum&mdash;mortales nam propriè cuncti</i></p>
+      <p><i>Sunt personati</i>, et falsâ sub imagine, vulgi</p>
+      <p>Præstringunt oculos: <i>ita Diis, risumque jocumque</i>,</p>
+      <p><i>Stultitiis, nugisque suis per sæcula præbent</i>.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Jam mala quæ humanum patitur genus, adnumerabo.</p>
+      <p><i>Principiò</i> postquam è latebris malè olentibus alvi</p>
+      <p>Eductus tandem est, materno sanguine f&oelig;dus,</p>
+      <p><i>Vagit, et auspicio lacrymarum nascitur infans</i>.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Vix natus jam vincla subit, tenerosque coërcet</p>
+      <p>Fascia longa artus: præsagia dire futuri</p>
+      <p>Servitii.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Post ubi jam valido se poplite sustinet, et jam</p>
+      <p>Ritè loqui didicit, tunc servire incipit, atque</p>
+      <p>Jussa pati, <i>sentitque minas ictusque magistri</i>,</p>
+      <p>Sæpe patris matrisque manu fratrisque frequenter</p>
+      <p>Pulsatur: facient quid vitricus atque noverca?</p>
+      <p><i>Fit juvenis, crescunt vires</i>: jam spernit habenas,</p>
+      <p>Occluditque aures monitis, furere incipit, ardens</p>
+      <p>Luxuriâ atque irâ: et temerarius omnia nullo</p>
+      <p>Consilio aggreditur, dictis melioribus obstat,</p>
+      <p>Deteriora fovens: <i>non ulla pericula curat</i>,</p>
+      <p>Dummodo id efficiat, suadet quod c&oelig;ca libido.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>Succedit gravior, melior, prudentior ætas</i>,</p>
+      <p>Cumque ipsâ curæ adveniunt, durique labores;</p>
+      <p>Tune homo mille modis, studioque enititur omni</p>
+      <p>Rem facere, et nunquam sibi multa negotia desunt.</p>
+      <p>Nunc peregrè it, nunc ille domi, nunc rure laborat,</p>
+      <p>Ut sese, uxorem, natos, famulosque gubernet,</p>
+      <p>Ac servet, solus pro cunctis sollicitus, nec</p>
+      <p>Jucundis fruitur dapibus, nec nocte quietâ.</p>
+      <p>Ambitio hunc etiam impellens, <i>ad publica mittit</i></p>
+      <p><i>Munia</i>: dumque inhiat vano malè sanus honori,</p>
+      <p>Invidiæ atque odii patitur mala plurima: deinceps</p>
+      <p><i>Obrepit canis rugosa senecta capillis</i>,</p>
+      <p>Secum multa trahens incommoda corporis atque</p>
+      <p>Mentis: nam <i>vires abeunt, speciesque colorque</i>,</p>
+      <p>Nec non <i>deficiunt sensus</i>: <i>audire, videre</i></p>
+<!-- Page 384 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page384"></a>{384}</span>
+      <p><i>Languescunt, gustusque minor fit</i>: denique semper</p>
+      <p>Aut hoc, aut illo morbo vexantur&mdash;<i>inermi</i></p>
+      <p><i>Manduntur vix ore cibi</i>, <i>vix crura bacillo</i></p>
+      <p><i>Sustentata meant</i>: animus quoque vulnera sentit.</p>
+      <p><i>Desipit, et longo torpet confectus ab ævo</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It would have only occupied your space needlessly, to have transcribed
+  at length the celebrated description of the seven ages of human life from
+  Shakspeare's <i>As You Like It</i>; but I would solicit the attention of
+  your readers to the Latin verses, and then to the question, Whether
+  either poet has borrowed from the other? and, should this be decided
+  affirmatively, the farther question would arise, Which is the
+  original?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arterus.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[These lines look like a modern paraphrase of Shakspeare; and our
+  Correspondent has not informed us from what book he has
+  <i>transcribed</i> them.&mdash;Ed.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in "King John" and "Romeo and Juliet."</i>&mdash;I am
+  neither a commentator nor a reader of commentators on Shakspeare. When I
+  meet with a difficulty, I get over it as well as I can, and think no more
+  of the matter. Having, however, accidentally seen two passages of
+  Shakspeare much ventilated in "N. &amp; Q.," I venture to give my poor
+  conjectures respecting them.</p>
+
+  <p>1. <i>King John.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"It lies as sightly on the back of him,</p>
+      <p>As great Alcides' <i>shows</i> upon an ass."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I consider <i>shows</i> to be the true reading; the reference being to
+  the ancient <i>mysteries</i>, called also <i>shows</i>. The machinery
+  required for the celebration of the mysteries was carried by
+  <i>asses</i>. Hence the proverb: "Asinus portat mysteriæ." The connexion
+  of Hercules&mdash;"great Alcides"&mdash;with the mysteries, may be
+  learned from Aristophanes and many other ancient writers. And thus the
+  meaning of the passage seems to be: The lion's skin, which once belonged
+  to Richard of the Lion Heart, is as sightly on the back of
+  <i>Austria</i>, as were the mysteries of Hercules upon an ass.</p>
+
+  <p>2. <i>Romeo and Juliet.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"That runaways eyes may wink."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Here I would retain the reading, and interpret <i>runaways</i> as
+  signifying "persons going about on the watch." Perhaps <i>runagates</i>,
+  according to modern usage, would come nearer to the proposed
+  signification, but not to be quite up with it. Many words in Shakspeare
+  have significations very remote from those which they now bear.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Patrick Muirson.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Shakspeare and the Bible.</i>&mdash;Has it ever been noticed that
+  the following passage from the Second Part of <i>Henry IV.</i>, Act I.
+  Sc. 3., is taken from the fourteenth chapter of St. Luke's Gospel?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"What do we then, but draw anew the model</p>
+      <p>In fewer offices; or, at least, desist</p>
+      <p>To build at all? Much more, in this great work,</p>
+      <p>(Which is almost to pluck a kingdom down,</p>
+      <p>And set another up) should we survey</p>
+      <p>The plot, the situation, and the model;</p>
+      <p>Consult upon a sure foundation,</p>
+      <p>Question surveyors, know our own estate,</p>
+      <p>How able such a work to undergo.</p>
+      <p>A careful leader sums what force he brings</p>
+      <p>To weigh against his opposite; or else</p>
+      <p>We fortify on paper, and in figures,</p>
+      <p>Using the names of men, instead of men:</p>
+      <p>Like one that draws the model of a house</p>
+      <p>Beyond his power to build it."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The passage in St. Luke is as follows (xiv. 28-31.):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first,
+  and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it?</p>
+
+  <p>"Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to
+  finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him,</p>
+
+  <p>"Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish.</p>
+
+  <p>"Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not
+  down first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet
+  him that cometh against him with twenty thousand?"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I give the passage as altered by Mr. Collier's Emendator, because I
+  think the line added by him,</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A careful leader sums what force he brings,"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>is strongly corroborated by the Scripture text.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Q. D.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Judicial Families.</i>&mdash;In vol. v. p. 206. (new edition) of
+  Lord Mahon's <i>History of England</i>, we find the following
+  passage:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Lord Chancellor Camden was the younger son of Chief Justice
+  Pratt,&mdash;a case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not
+  easily matched, unless by their own cotemporaries, Lord Hardwicke and
+  Charles Yorke."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following case, I think, is equally, if not more,
+  remarkable:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>The Right Hon. Thomas Berry Cusack-Smith, brother of the present Sir
+  Michael Cusack-Smith, Bart., is Master of the Rolls in Ireland, having
+  been appointed to that high office in January, 1846. His father, Sir
+  William Cusack-Smith, second baronet, was for many years Baron of the
+  Court of Exchequer in Ireland. And his grandfather, the Right Hon. Sir
+  Michael Smith, first baronet, was, like his grandson at the present day,
+  Master of the Rolls in Ireland.</p>
+
+  <p>Is not this "a case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and
+  not easily matched?"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba.</span></p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 385 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page385"></a>{385}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Derivation of "Topsy Turvy."</i>&mdash;When things are in confusion
+  they are generally said to be turned "topsy turvy." The expression is
+  derived from a way in which turf for fuel is placed to dry on its being
+  cut. The surface of the ground is pared off with the heath growing on it,
+  and the heath is turned downward, and left some days in that state that
+  the earth may get dry before it is carried away. It means then
+  top-side-turf-way.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus Rusticus</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Dictionaries and Encyclopædias.</i>&mdash;Allow me to offer a
+  suggestion to the publishers and compilers of dictionaries; first as to
+  dictionaries of the language. A large class refer to these only to learn
+  the meaning of words not familiar to them, but which may occur in
+  reading. If the dictionaries are framed on the principle of displaying
+  only the classical language of England, it is ten to one they will not
+  supply the desired information. Let there be, besides classical
+  dictionaries, glossaries which will exclude no word whatever on account
+  of rarity, vulgarity, or technicality, but which may very well exclude
+  those which are most familiar. As to encyclopædias, their value is
+  chiefly as supplements to the library; but surely no one studies anatomy,
+  or the differential calculus, or architecture, in them, however good the
+  treatises may be. I want a dictionary of miscellaneous subjects, such as
+  find place more easily in an encyclopædia than anywhere else; but why
+  must I also purchase treatises on the higher mathematics, on navigation,
+  on practical engineering, and the like, some of which I already may
+  possess, others not want, and none of which are a bit the more convenient
+  because arranged in alphabetical order in great volumes. Besides, they
+  cannot be conveniently replaced by improved editions.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Encyclopædicus</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Mary, weep no more for me."</i>&mdash;There is a well-known ballad
+  of this name, said to have been written by a Scotchman named "Low." The
+  first verse runs thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The moon had climbed the highest hill,</p>
+      <p>Which rises o'er the source of Dee,</p>
+      <p>And from the eastern summit sped</p>
+      <p>Its silver light on tower and tree."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I find, however, amongst my papers, a fragment of a version of this
+  same ballad, of, I assume, earlier antiquity, which so surpasses Low's
+  ballad that the author has little to thank him for his interference. The
+  first verse of what I take to be the original poem stands thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The moon had climbed the highest hill,</p>
+      <p>Where eagles big<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> aboon the Dee,</p>
+      <p>And like the looks of a lovely dame,</p>
+      <p>Brought joy to every body's ee."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>No poetical reader will require his attention to be directed to the
+  immeasurable superiority of this glorious verse: the high poetic
+  animation, the eagles' visits, the lovely looks of female beauty, the
+  exhilarating gladness and joy affecting the beholder, all manifest the
+  genius of the master bard. I shall receive it as a favour if any of your
+  correspondents will furnish a complete copy of the original poem, and
+  contrast it with what "Low" fancied his "improvements."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Cornish</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>Build.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Epitaph at Wood Ditton.</i>&mdash;You have recently appropriated a
+  small space in your "medium of intercommunication" to the subject of
+  epitaphs. I can furnish you with one which I have been accustomed to
+  regard as a "grand climacterical absurdity." About thirty years ago, when
+  making a short summer ramble, I entered the churchyard of Wood Ditton,
+  near Newmarket, and my attention was attracted by a headstone, having
+  inlaid into its upper part a piece of iron, measuring about ten inches by
+  six, and hollowed out into the shape of a <i>dish</i>. I inquired of a
+  cottager residing on the spot what the thing meant? I was informed that
+  the party whose ashes the grave covered was a man who, during a long
+  life, had a strange taste for sopping a slice of bread in a dripping-pan
+  (a pan over which meat has been roasted), and would relinquish for this
+  all kinds of dishes, sweet or savoury; that in his will he left a request
+  that a dripping-pan should be fixed in his gravestone; that he wrote his
+  own epitaph, an exact copy of which I herewith give you, and which he
+  requested to be engraved on the stone:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Here lies my corpse, who was the man</p>
+      <p>That loved a sop in the dripping-pan;</p>
+      <p>But now believe me I am dead,&mdash;</p>
+      <p>See here the pan stands at my head.</p>
+      <p>Still for sops till the last I cried,</p>
+      <p>But could not eat, and so I died.</p>
+      <p>My neighbours they perhaps will laugh,</p>
+      <p>When they read my epitaph."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">J. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pictorial Pun.</i>&mdash;In the village of Warbleton, in Sussex,
+  there is an old public-house, which has for its sign a War Bill in a tun
+  of beer, in reference of course to the name of the place. It has,
+  however, the double meaning, of "Axe for Beer."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. W. B.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>SIR THOMAS BUTTON'S VOYAGE, 1612.</h3>
+
+  <p>I am about to print some information, hitherto I believe totally
+  unknown, relative to the voyage of Sir Thomas Button in 1612, for the
+  discovery of the north-west passage.</p>
+
+  <p>Of this voyage a journal was kept, which was in existence many years
+  afterwards, being offered by <!-- Page 386 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page386"></a>{386}</span>its author to Secretary Dorchester in
+  1629, then engaged in forwarding the projected voyage of "North-West"
+  Foxe; it is remarkable, however, that no extended account of this voyage,
+  so important in its objects, has ever been published. I am desirous of
+  knowing if this journal is in existence, and where? Also, Lord
+  Dorchester's letter to Button in February, 1629; of any farther
+  information on the subject of the voyage, or of Sir Thomas Button.</p>
+
+  <p>What I possess already are, 1. "Motiues inducing a Proiect for the
+  Discouerie of the North Pole terrestriall; the streights of Anian, into
+  the South Sea, and Coasts thereof," anno 1610. 2. Prince Henry's
+  Instructions for the Voyage, together with King James's Letters of
+  Credence, 1612. 3. A Letter from Sir Thomas Button to Secretary
+  Dorchester, dated Cardiff, 16th Feb., 1629 (from the State Paper Office).
+  4. Sir Dudley Digges' little tract on the N.-W. Passage, written to
+  promote the voyage, and of which there were two distinct impressions in
+  1611 and 1612. 5. Extracts from the Carleton Correspondence, and from the
+  Hakluyt Society's volume on Voyages to the North-West.</p>
+
+  <p>I shall be glad also to learn the date, and any other facts connected
+  with the death of John Davis, the discoverer of the Straits bearing his
+  name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Petheram.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">94. High Holborn.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Words "Cash" and "Mob."</i>&mdash;In Moore's <i>Diary</i> I
+  find the following remark. Can any of your numerous readers throw any
+  light on the subject?</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Lord Holland doubted whether the word 'Cash' was a legitimate English
+  word, though, as Irving remarked, it is as old as Ben Jonson, there being
+  a character called Cash in one of his comedies. Lord Holland said Mr. Fox
+  was of opinion that the word 'Mob' was not genuine
+  English."&mdash;Moore's <i>Diary</i>, vol. iii. p. 247.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus Rusticus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>"History of Jesus Christ."</i>&mdash;G.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;S. will feel obliged by
+  any correspondent of "N. &amp; Q." stating who is the author of the
+  following work?&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The History of the Incarnation, Life, Doctrine and Miracles, the
+  Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour, Jesus
+  Christ. In Seven Books; illustrated with Notes, and interspersed with
+  Dissertations, theological, historical, geographical and critical.</p>
+
+  <p>"To which are added the Lives, Actions, and Sufferings of the Twelve
+  Apostles; also of Saint Paul, Saint Mark, Saint Luke, and Saint Barnabas.
+  Together with a Chronological Table from the beginning of the reign of
+  Herod the Great to the end of the Apostolic Age. By a Divine of the
+  Church of England.</p>
+
+  <p>"London: printed for T. Cooper, at the Globe, in Paternoster Row,
+  1737."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This work is in one folio volume, and all I can ascertain of its
+  authorship is that it was <i>not</i> written by Bishop Gibson, of
+  "Preservative" fame.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Quantity of the Latin Termination -anus.</i>&mdash;Proper names
+  having the termination <i>-anus</i> are always long in Latin and short in
+  Greek; thus, the Claudi&#x101;nus, Luci&#x101;nus, &amp;c. of the Latins
+  are <span title="Klaudianos" class="grk"
+  >&Kappa;&lambda;&alpha;&upsilon;&delta;&iota;&#x1FB0;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>
+  and <span title="Loukianos" class="grk"
+  >&Lambda;&omicron;&upsilon;&kappa;&iota;&#x1FB0;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>
+  in Greek. What is to be said of the word <span title="Christianos" class="grk"
+  >&Chi;&rho;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&iota;&alpha;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>?
+  Is it long or short, admitting it to be long in the Latin tongue?</p>
+
+  <p>While on the subject of quantities, let me ask, where is the authority
+  for that of the name of the queen of the Ethiopians, Candace, to be
+  found? We always pronounce it long, but all books of authority mark it as
+  short.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anti-Barbarus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Webb and Walker Families.</i>&mdash;Perhaps you or some of your
+  numerous readers could inform me if the Christian names of Daniel and
+  Roger were used 160 or 180 years ago by any of the numerous families of
+  <i>Webb</i> or <i>Webbe</i>, resident in Wilts or elsewhere; and if so,
+  in what family of that name? And is there any pedigree of them extant?
+  and where is it to be found?</p>
+
+  <p>Was the Rev. Geo. Walker, the defender of Derry, connected with the
+  Webbs? and if so, how, and with what family?</p>
+
+  <p>Is there any Webb mentioned in history at the siege of Derry? and if
+  so, to what family of that name did he belong?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Gulielmus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes."</i>&mdash;I stumbled lately at a
+  book-stall on a very curious old book entitled <i>A Treasurie or
+  Store-house of Similes both pleasant, delightfull, and profitable</i>.
+  The title-page is gone; but in an old hand on the cover it is stated to
+  have been written by a certain "Cawdrey," and to have been printed in
+  1609, where I cannot discover. Can any of your correspondents oblige me
+  with some information concerning him? The book is marked "scarce."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Point of Etiquette.</i>&mdash;Will some of your numerous
+  correspondents kindly inform me as to the rule in such a case as the
+  following: when an elder brother has lost both his daughters in his old
+  age, does the eldest daughter of the younger brother take the style of
+  <i>Miss</i> Smith, Jones, Brown, or Robinson, as the case may be?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. D., M.R.C.S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Napoleon's Spelling.</i>&mdash;Macaulay, in his <i>History of
+  England</i>, chap. vii., quotes, in a foot-note, a passage from a letter
+  of William III., written in French to his ambassador at Paris, and then
+  makes this remark, "The spelling is bad, but not worse than Napoleon's."
+  <!-- Page 387 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page387"></a>{387}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Can you refer me to some authentic proof of the fact that Napoleon was
+  unable to spell correctly? It is well known that he affected to put his
+  thoughts upon paper with great rapidity; and the consequence of this
+  practice was, that in almost every word some letters were dropped, or
+  their places indicated by dashes. But this was only one of those numerous
+  contrivances, to which he was in the habit of resorting, in order to
+  impress those around him with an idea of his greatness.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Trench on Proverbs.</i>&mdash;Mr. Trench, in this excellent little
+  work, states that the usual translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. is
+  incorrect:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Let me remind you of such [proverbs] also as the following, often
+  quoted or alluded to by Greek and Latin authors: <i>The net of the
+  sleeping (fisherman) takes</i><a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>; a proverb the more interesting,
+  that we have in the words of the Psalmist (Ps. cxxvii. 2.), were they
+  accurately translated, a beautiful and perfect parallel; 'He giveth his
+  beloved' (not 'sleep,' but) 'in their sleep;' his gifts gliding into
+  their bosoms, they knowing not how, and as little expecting as leaving
+  laboured for them."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The Hebrew is <span lang="he" class="heb" title="YITEIN LIYDIYDWO SHEINA'"
+  ><bdo dir="rtl">&#x5D9;&#x5B4;&#x5EA;&#x5BC;&#x5B5;&#x5DF;
+  &#x5DC;&#x5B4;&#x5D9;&#x5D3;&#x5B4;&#x5D9;&#x5D3;&#x5D5;&#x5B9;
+  &#x5E9;&#x5C1;&#x5B5;&#x5E0;&#x5B8;&#x5D0;</bdo></span>, the literal
+  translation of which, "He giveth (or, He will give) to his beloved
+  sleep," seems to me to be correct.</p>
+
+  <p>As Mr. Trench is a reader of "N. &amp; Q.," perhaps he would have the
+  kindness to mention in its pages the ground he has for his proposed
+  translation.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. M. B.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>"<span title="Heudonti kurtos hairei" class="grk"
+  >&Epsilon;&#x1F55;&delta;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&iota;
+  &kappa;&#x1F7B;&rho;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;
+  &alpha;&#x1F31;&rho;&epsilon;&#x1FD6;</span>. Dormienti rete trahit."</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Rings formerly worn by Ecclesiastics.</i>&mdash;In describing the
+  finger-ring found in the grave of the Venerable Bede, the writer of <i>A
+  brief Account of Durham Cathedral</i> adds,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"No priest, during the reign of Catholicity, was buried or enshrined
+  without his ring."&mdash;P. 81.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I have seen a similar statement elsewhere, and wish to ask, 1st, Were
+  priests formerly buried with the ring? 2ndly, If so, was it a mere
+  custom, or was it ordered or authorised by any rubric or canon of our old
+  English Church?</p>
+
+  <p>I am very strongly of opinion that such never was the custom, and that
+  the statement above quoted has its origin in the confounding priests with
+  bishops. Martene says, when speaking of the manner of burying
+  bishops,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Episcopus debet habere annulum, quia sponsus est. Cæteri sacerdotes
+  non, quia sponsi non sunt, sed amici sponsi vel vicarii."&mdash;<i>De
+  Antiquis Ecclesiæ Ritibus</i>, lib. <span class="scac">III.</span> cap.
+  xii. n. 11.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceyrep.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Butler's "Lives of the Saints."</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents supply a correct list of the various editions of this
+  popular work? The notices in Watt and Lowndes are very
+  unsatisfactory.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Marriage of Cousins.</i>&mdash;It was asserted to me the other day
+  that marriage with a <i>second</i> cousin is, by the laws of England,
+  illegal, and that succession to property has been lately barred to the
+  issue of such marriage, though the union of <i>first</i> cousins entails
+  no such consequences. Is there any foundation for this statement?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Castle Thorpe</i><a name="footnotetag4"
+  href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>, <i>Bucks.</i>&mdash;A traditional
+  rhyme is current at this place which says that&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"If it hadn't been for Cobb-bush Hill,</p>
+      <p>Thorpe Castle would have stood there still."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>or the last line, according to another version,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"There would have been a castle at Thorpe still."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Now it appears from Lipscomb's <i>History</i> of the county, that the
+  castle was demolished by Fulke de Brent about 1215; how then can this
+  tradition be explained?</p>
+
+  <p>Cobb-bush Hill, I am told, is more than half a mile from the
+  village.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Thos. Wake.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a>
+  <p>Pronounced <i>Thrup</i>.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Where was Edward II. killed?</i>&mdash;Hume and Lingard state that
+  this monarch was murdered at Berkeley Castle. Echard and Rapin are
+  silent, both as to the event and as to the locality. But an earlier
+  authority, viz. Martyn, in his <i>Historie and Lives of Twentie
+  Kings</i>, 1615, says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He was committed to the Castle of Killingworth, and Prince Edward was
+  crowned king. And not long after, the king being removed to the Castle of
+  Corff, was wickedly assayled by his keepers, who, through a horne which
+  they put in his," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>What authority had Martyn for these statements?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Encore.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some correspondent of "N. &amp; Q." can
+  assign a reason why we use this French word in our theatres and concert
+  rooms, to express our desire for the repetition of favourite songs,
+  &amp;c. I should also like to know at what period it was introduced.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Amcotts' Pedigree.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents supply
+  me with a full pedigree of Amcotts of Astrop, co. Lincolnshire? I do not
+  refer to the Visitations, but to the later descents of the family. The
+  last heir male was, I believe, Vincent Amcotts, Esq., great-grandfather
+  to the present Sir William Amcotts Ingilby, Bart. Elizabeth Amcotts, who
+  married, 19th July, 1684, John Toller, Esq., of Billingborough Hall in
+  Lincolnshire, was one of this family, and I suppose aunt to Vincent
+  Amcotts. I may mention, the calendars <!-- Page 388 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page388"></a>{388}</span>of the Will Office at
+  Lincoln have no entries of the name of Amcotts between 1670 and 1753.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Blue Bell&mdash;Blue Anchor.</i>&mdash;A bell painted blue is a
+  common tavern sign in this country (United States); and the blue anchor
+  is also to be met with in many places. As these signs evidently had their
+  origin in England, and one of them is alluded to in the old Scotch ballad
+  "The Blue Bell of Scotland," it seems to me that the best method to apply
+  for information upon the subject is to ask "N. &amp; Q." Are these signs
+  of inns heraldic survivors of old time; are they corruptions of some
+  other emblem, such as that which in London transformed <i>La Belle
+  Sauvage</i> into the <i>Bell Savage</i>, pictorialised by an Indian
+  ringing a hand-bell; or is the choice of such improper colour as blue for
+  a bell and an anchor a species of symbolism the meaning of which is not
+  generally known?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><a href="images/oldew.png"><img src="images/oldew.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Old English W" /></a>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"We've parted for the longest time."</i>&mdash;Would you insert
+  these lines in your paper, the author of which I seek to know, as well as
+  the remaining verses?</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"We've parted for the longest time, we ever yet did part,</p>
+      <p>And I have felt the last wild throb of that enduring heart:</p>
+      <p>Thy cold and tear-wet cheek has lain for the last time to mine,</p>
+      <p>And I have pressed in agony those trembling lips of thine."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Jermyn Cooper.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">The Rectory, Chiltington Hunt, Sussex.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Matthew Lewis.</i>&mdash;Allow me to solicit information, through
+  the medium of "N. &amp; Q.," where I can see a pedigree of Matthew Lewis,
+  Esq., Deputy Secretary of War for many years under the Right Hon. William
+  Windham, then M.P. for Norwich, and other Secretaries-at-War. I rather
+  think Mr. Lewis married a daughter of Sir Thomas Sewell, Kt., Master of
+  the Rolls from 1764 to 1784; and had a son, Matthew Gregory Lewis, known
+  as <i>Monk</i> Lewis, who was M.P. for Hindon at the close of the last
+  century: a very clever but eccentric young man. I also believe
+  Lieut.-Gen. John Whitelocke, and Gen. Sir Thos. Brownrigg, G.C.B., who
+  died in 1838, were connected by marriage with the Sewell or Lewis
+  families.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. H. F.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Paradise Lost.</i>&mdash;In <i>A Treatise on the Dramatic
+  Literature of the Greeks</i>, by the Rev. J.&nbsp;R. Darley, I read the
+  following remark:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In our own literature also, the efforts of our early dramatists were
+  directed to subjects derived from religion; even the <i>Paradise Lost</i>
+  is composed of a series of minor pieces, originally cast in dramatic
+  form, of which the creation and fall of man, and the several episodes
+  which were introduced subordinately to these grand events, were the
+  subject-matter."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This statement being at variance with the received opinion, that
+  Milton, from his early youth, had meditated the composition of an epic
+  poem, I would inquire whether there is any evidence to support Mr.
+  Darley's view? Milton has been charged with having borrowed the design of
+  <i>Paradise Lost</i> from some Italian author; and this allegation,
+  coupled with that made by Mr. Darley, would, if founded, reduce our great
+  national epic to what Hazlitt has described as "patchwork and plagiarism,
+  the beggarly copiousness of borrowed wealth."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Colonel Hyde Seymour.</i>&mdash;Who was "Colonel Hyde Seymour?" I
+  find his name written in a book, <i>The Life of William the Third</i>,
+  1703.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire.</i>&mdash;In Speed's plan of
+  Richmond, in Yorkshire, is represented the mouth of a "vault that goeth
+  under the river, and ascendeth up into the Castell." Was there ever such
+  a vault, and how came it to be destroyed or lost sight of? One who knows
+  Richmond well tells me that he never heard of it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">O. L. R. G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Poems published at Manchester.</i>&mdash;Can any contributor to "N.
+  &amp; Q." inform me who was the author of a volume of <i>Poems on Several
+  Occasions</i>, published by subscription at Manchester; printed for the
+  author by R. Whitworth, in the year 1733? It is an 8vo. of 138 pages; has
+  on the title-page a line from Ovid:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Jure, tibi grates, candide lector, ago,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>and begins with an "Address to all my Subscribers;" after which follow
+  several pages of subscribers' names, which consist chiefly of
+  Staffordshire and Cheshire gentry. My copy (for the possession of which I
+  am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Bliss, the Principal of St. Mary's
+  Hall, Oxford) was formerly in the library of Mr. Heber, who has thus
+  noted its purchase on the fly-leaf, "Feb. 1811, Ford, Manchester,
+  7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>" Dr. Bliss has added, on the same fly-leaf,
+  "Heber's fourth sale, No. 1908, not in the Bodleian Catalogue." The first
+  poem in the book is "A Pastoral to the Memory of Sir Thomas Delves,
+  Baronet." It is probably a scarce book; but possibly some of your
+  book-learned correspondents may help me to the author's name.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sneyd.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Denton.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Handel's Dettingen Te Deum.</i>&mdash;Any information as to the
+  circumstances under which Handel composed this celebrated <i>Te Deum</i>,
+  and the place <!-- Page 389 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page389"></a>{389}</span>and occasion of its first public
+  performance, will be welcome to</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Philo-Handel.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.</i>&mdash;As I believe
+  myself (morally speaking) to be <i>lineally</i> descended from the former
+  of these celebrated men, and <i>collaterally</i> from the latter, may I
+  request that information may be forwarded me, either through your columns
+  or by correspondence, regarding the descendants of the great poet and his
+  ancestry; and also whether, among the many thousand volumes bequeathed by
+  Sir Hans to the nation, some record does not exist tending to prove his
+  genealogical descent? At present I know of no other pedigree than that
+  Mr. Burke has given of him in his <i>Extinct Baronetage</i>. I shall feel
+  exceedingly gratified if any assistance can be given me relating to these
+  two families.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sloane Sloane-Evans.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Ligurian Sage.</i>&mdash;In Gifford's <i>Mæviad</i>, lines
+  313-316, I read,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Together we explored the stoic page</p>
+      <p>Of the Ligurian, stern tho' beardless sage!</p>
+      <p>Or trac'd the Aquinian thro' the Latin road,</p>
+      <p>And trembled at the lashes he bestow'd."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The Aquinian is of course Juvenal; but I must confess me at fault with
+  respect to the Ligurian.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. T. M.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The Ligurian sage is no doubt Aulus Persius Flaccus, who, according
+  to ancient authors, was born at Volaterræ in Etruria; but some modern
+  writers conclude that he was born at Lunæ Portus in Liguria, from the
+  following lines (Sat. <span class="scac">VI.</span> 6.), which seem to
+  relate to the place of his residence:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i10hg3">"Mihi nunc Ligus ora</p>
+      <p>Intepet, hybernatque <i>meum</i> mare, qua latus ingens</p>
+      <p>Dant scopuli, et multa littus se valle receptat.</p>
+      <p><i>Lunai portum</i> est operæ cognoscere, cives."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>When approaching the verge of manhood, Persius became the pupil of
+  Cornutus the Stoic, and his death took place before he had completed his
+  twenty-eighth year.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Gresebrok in Yorkshire.</i>&mdash;Can you or any of your
+  correspondents give me any information as to what part of Yorkshire the
+  manor of Gresebrok lies in? In Shaw's <i>History of Staffordshire</i> (2
+  vols. folio), there is a "Bartholomew de Gresebrok" mentioned as witness
+  to a deed of Henry III.'s times made between Robert de Grendon, Lord of
+  Shenston, and Jno. de Baggenhall; which family of Gresebrok, it is said,
+  "probably took their name from a <i>manor so called in Yorkshire</i>, and
+  had property and residence in Shenstone, from this early period to the
+  beginning of the century, many of whom are recorded in the registers from
+  1590 to 1722."</p>
+
+  <p>The above is quoted by Shaw from Sanders's <i>History of
+  Shenstone</i>, p. 98., and perhaps some of your correspondents may
+  possess that work, and will oblige me by transcribing the necessary
+  information.</p>
+
+  <p>Any particulars of the above family will much oblige your constant
+  reader</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Hêraldikos." class="grk">&#x1F29;&rho;&alpha;&lambda;&delta;&iota;&kappa;&omicron;&sigmaf;.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[According to Sanders, the family of Greisbrook was formerly of some
+  note at Shenstone. He says that "Greisbrook, whence the family had their
+  name, is a manor in Yorkshire, which, in the reign of Henry III., was in
+  the great House of Mowbray, of whom the Greisbrooks held their lands.
+  Roger de Greisbrook (temp. Henry II.) is mentioned as holding of the fee
+  of Alice, Countess of Augie, or Ewe, daughter of William de Albiney, Earl
+  of Arundel, by Queen Alice, relict of Henry I." Then follow some
+  particulars of various branches of the family, from the year 1580 to the
+  death of Robert Greisbrook in 1718. Sanders's History is included in vol.
+  ix. of <i>Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica</i>.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Stillingfleet's Library.</i>&mdash;The extensive and valuable
+  library of Edward Stillingfleet, the learned Bishop of Worcester, who
+  died in 1699, is said to be contained in the library of Primate Marsh,
+  St. Patrick's, Dublin. Can any of your correspondents state how it came
+  there? Was it bequeathed by the bishop, or sold by his descendants? He
+  died at Westminster, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitborne.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Bishop Stillingfleet's library was purchased by Archbishop Marsh for
+  his public library in Dublin. A few years since Robert Travers, Esq.,
+  M.D., of Dundrum near Dublin, was engaged in preparing for publication a
+  catalogue of Stillingfleet's printed books, amounting to near 10,000
+  volumes. The bishop's MSS. were bought by the late Earl of Oxford, and
+  are now in the Harleian Collection. See <i>The Life of Bishop
+  Stillingfleet</i>, 8vo., 1735, p. 135., and <i>Biog. Brit.</i> s.&nbsp;v.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>The whole System of Law.</i>&mdash;On December 26, 1651, the Long
+  Parliament, stimulated by Cromwell to various important reforms in civil
+  matters, resolved,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That it be referred to persons out of the House to take into
+  consideration what inconveniences there are in the law, and how the
+  mischiefs that grow from the delays, the chargeableness, and the
+  irregularities in the proceedings of the law, may be prevented; and the
+  speediest way to reform the same."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The commission thus appointed consisted twenty-one persons, among whom
+  were Sir Mathew Hale, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and John Rushworth. They
+  seem to have set to work with great vigour, and submitted a variety of
+  important measures to Parliament, many of which were <!-- Page 390
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page390"></a>{390}</span>adopted. They
+  also prepared a document "containing the whole system of the law," which
+  was read to the House on January 20 and 21, 1652; and it was resolved
+  "That three hundred copies of the said book be forthwith printed, to be
+  delivered to members of the Parliament only."</p>
+
+  <p>Is anything known of this work at the present day?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Leguleian.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[It appears doubtful whether this work was ever printed, for in a
+  pamphlet published April 27, 1653, entitled <i>A Supply to a Draught of
+  an Act or System proposed (as is reported) by the Committee for
+  Regulations concerning the Law</i>, &amp;c., the writer thus notices
+  it:&mdash;"Having <i>lately heard</i> of some propositions called 'The
+  System of the Law,' which are said to be intended preparatives to several
+  Acts of Parliament touching the regulation of the law, we cannot but with
+  thankfulness acknowledge the care and industry of those worthy persons
+  who contrived the same, it containing many good and wholesome provisions
+  for the future perpetual good and quiet of the nation.... We know not, at
+  present, wherein we could give a more visible testimony of our affections
+  to the peaceable government of the free people here, than by offering to
+  them and the supreme authority, what we humbly conceive prejudicial and
+  inconvenient to well-government, in case that System (<i>as it is said to
+  be now prepared</i>) should take effect." A week before the publication
+  of this work, the Long Parliament had been turned out of doors by
+  Cromwell.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Saint Malachy on the Popes.</i>&mdash;Saint Malachy, Archbishop of
+  Armagh, who flourished in the first half of the twelfth century, is said
+  to be the author of a curious prophecy respecting the Popes. Some years
+  ago I met with this prophecy in an old French almanack, and was
+  particularly struck with its applicability to the life and character of
+  the present Pope; but I omitted to make a Note.</p>
+
+  <p>Can you inform me where I may find a copy of this prophecy?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[St. Malachy's hieroglyphical descriptions or prophecy on the
+  succession of Roman Pontiffs will be found in <i>Flosculi Historici
+  delibati nunc delibatiores redditi, sive Historia Universalis</i>;
+  Auctore Joanne de Bussières, Societatis Jesu Sacerdote, Oxon. 1668. An
+  explanation of each prophecy is given from the pontificate of Celestus
+  II. <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1143, to that of Innocent X. <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1644. The present Pope being the nineteenth from
+  Innocent X., the following prophecy relates to him, "Crux de Cruce." We
+  subjoin the remainder: 20. Lumen in c&oelig;lo. 21. Ignis ardens. 22.
+  Religio depopulata. 23. Fides intrepida. 24. Pastor angelicus. 25. Pastor
+  et nauta. 26. Flos Florum. 27. De medietate lunæ. 28. De labore solis. 29
+  Gloria Olivæ. St. Malachy concludes his prophecy with the following
+  prediction of the downfall of the Roman Church: "In persecutione extrema
+  Sacræ Romanæ Ecclesiæ sedebit Petrus Romanus, qui pascet oves in multis
+  tribulationibus; quibus transactis civitas septicollis diruetur, et Judex
+  tremendus judicabit populum."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Work on the Human Figure.</i>&mdash;A few years ago there was a
+  little work published on <i>Dress and the Art of improving the Human
+  Figure</i>, by (I believe) a nobleman's valet: I wish to consult this for
+  a literary purpose, and should be much obliged to any of your readers who
+  can favour me with the exact title and date.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charles Demayne.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The following two works on dress appear in the <i>London
+  Catalogue:&mdash;The Whole Art of Dress</i>, by a Country Officer, 12mo.
+  Lond. 1830; and <i>The Art of Dress, or a Guide to the Toilette</i>, fcp.
+  8vo., Lond. 1839.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>"NAMBY-PAMBY," AND OTHER WORDS OF THE
+SAME FORM.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 318.)</p>
+
+  <p>The origin of the word <i>namby-pamby</i> is explained in the
+  following passage of Johnson's <i>Life of Ambrose Philips</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The pieces that please best are those which from Pope and Pope's
+  adherents procured him the name of <i>namby-pamby</i>, the poems of short
+  lines, by which he paid his court to all ages and characters&mdash;from
+  Walpole, 'the steerer of the realm,' to Miss Pulteney in the nursery. The
+  numbers are smooth and sprightly, and the diction is seldom faulty. They
+  are not loaded with much thought, yet, if they had been written by
+  Addison, they would have had admirers. Little things are not valued but
+  when they are done by those who can do greater."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>In the <i>Treatise on the Bathos</i>, the <i>infantine</i> style is
+  exclusively exemplified by passages from Ambrose Philips:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This [says Pope] is when a poet grows so very simple as to think and
+  talk like a child. I shall take my examples from the greatest master in
+  this way: hear how he fondles like a mere stammerer:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg1">'Little charm of placid mien,</p>
+      <p>Miniature of Beauty's queen,</p>
+      <p>Hither, British Muse of mine,</p>
+      <p>Hither, all ye Grecian nine,</p>
+      <p>With the lovely Graces three,</p>
+      <p>And your pretty nursling see.</p>
+      <p>When the meadows next are seen,</p>
+      <p>Sweet enamel, white and green;</p>
+      <p>When again the lambkins play,</p>
+      <p>Pretty sportlings full of May,</p>
+      <p>Then the neck so white and round,</p>
+      <p>(Little neck with brilliants bound)</p>
+      <p>And thy gentleness of mind,</p>
+      <p>(Gentle from a gentle kind), &amp;c.</p>
+      <p>Happy thrice, and thrice again,</p>
+      <p>Happiest he of happy men,' &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And the rest of those excellent lullabies of his
+  composition."&mdash;C. xi.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>These verses are stated by Warburton, in his note on the passage, to
+  be taken from a poem to <!-- Page 391 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page391"></a>{391}</span>Miss Cuzzona. They are however in fact
+  selected from two poems addressed to daughters of Lord Carteret, and are
+  put together arbitrarily, out of the order in which they stand in the
+  original poems. There is a short poem by Philips in the same metre,
+  addressed to Signora Cuzzoni, and dated May 25, 1724, beginning, "Little
+  syren of the stage;" but none of the verses quoted in the <i>Treatise on
+  the Bathos</i> are extracted from it.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Namby-pamby</i> belongs to a tolerably numerous class of words in
+  our language, all formed on the same rhyming principle. They are all
+  familiar, and some of them childish; which last circumstance probably
+  suggested to Pope the invention of the word <i>namby-pamby</i>, in order
+  to designate the infantine style which Ambrose Philips had introduced.
+  Many of them, however, are used by old and approved writers; and the
+  principle upon which they are formed must be of great antiquity in our
+  language. The following is a collection of words which are all formed in
+  this manner:</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bow-wow.</i>&mdash;A word coined in imitation of a dog's bark.
+  Compare the French <i>aboyer</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Chit-chat.</i>&mdash;Formed by reduplication from <i>chat</i>. A
+  word (says Johnson) used in ludicrous conversation. It occurs in the
+  <i>Spectator</i> and <i>Tatler</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Fiddle-faddle.</i>&mdash;Formed in a similar manner from <i>to
+  fiddle</i>, in its sense of <i>to trifle</i>. It occurs in the
+  <i>Spectator</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Flim-flam.</i>&mdash;An old word, of which examples are cited from
+  Beaumont and Fletcher, and Swift. It is formed from <i>flam</i>, which
+  Johnson calls "a cant word of no certain etymology." <i>Flam</i>, for a
+  lie, a cheat, is however used by South, Barrow, and Warburton, and
+  therefore at one time obtained an admission into dignified style. See
+  Nares' <i>Glossary</i> in v.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hab or nab.</i>&mdash;That is, according to Nares, have or have
+  not; subsequently abridged into <i>hab, nab</i>. <i>Hob or nob</i> is
+  explained by him to mean "Will you have a glass of wine or not?" <i>Hob,
+  nob</i> is applied by Shakspeare to another alternative, viz. give or
+  take (<i>Twelfth Night</i>, Act III. Sc. 4.). See Nares in v. <i>Habbe or
+  Nabbe</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Handy-dandy.</i>&mdash;"A play in which children change hands and
+  places" (Johnson). Formed from hand. The word is used by Shakspeare.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Harum-scarum.</i>&mdash;"A low but frequent expression applied to
+  flighty persons; persons always in a hurry" (Todd). Various conjectures
+  are offered respecting its origin: the most probable seems to be, that it
+  is derived from <i>scare</i>. The Anglo-Saxon word <i>hearmsceare</i>
+  means punishment (see Grimm, <i>Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer</i>, p. 681.);
+  but although the similarity of sound is remarkable, it is difficult to
+  understand how <i>harum-scarum</i> can be connected with it.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Helter-skelter.</i>&mdash;Used by Shakspeare. Several derivations
+  for this word are suggested, but none probable.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Higgledy-piggledy.</i>&mdash;"A cant word, corrupted from
+  <i>higgle</i>, which denotes any confused mass, as <i>higglers</i> carry
+  a huddle of provisions together" (Johnson). It seems more probable that
+  the word is formed from <i>pig</i>; and that it alludes to the confused
+  and indiscriminate manner in which pigs lie together. In other instances
+  (as <i>chit-chat</i>, <i>flim-flam</i>, <i>pit-a-pat</i>,
+  <i>shilly-shally</i>, <i>slip-slop</i>, and perhaps <i>harum-scarum</i>),
+  the word which forms the basis of the rhyming reduplication stands
+  second, and not first.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hocus-pocus.</i>&mdash;The words <i>ocus bochus</i> appear, from a
+  passage cited in Todd, to have been used anciently by Italian conjurers.
+  The fanciful idea of Tillotson, that <i>hocus-pocus</i> is a corruption
+  of the words <i>hoc est corpus</i>, is well known. Compare Richardson
+  <i>in v.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Hoddy-doddy.</i>&mdash;This ancient word has various meanings (see
+  Richardson <i>in v.</i>). As used by Ben Jonson and Swift, it is
+  expressive of contempt. In Holland's translation of Pliny it signifies a
+  snail. There is likewise a nursery rhyme or riddle:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Hoddy-doddy,</p>
+      <p>All legs and no body."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Hodge-podge</i> appears to be a corruption of <i>hotch-pot</i>. It
+  occurs in old writers. (See Richardson in <i>Hotch-pot</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hoity-toity.</i>&mdash;Thoughtless, giddy. Formed from the old word
+  <i>to hoit</i>, to dance or leap, to indulge in riotous mirth. See Nares
+  in <i>Hoit</i> and <i>Hoyt</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hubble-bubble.</i>&mdash;A familiar word, formed from
+  <i>bubble</i>. Not in the dictionaries.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hubbub.</i>&mdash;Used by Spenser, and other good writers.
+  Richardson derives it from <i>hoop</i> or <i>whoop</i>, shout or yell. It
+  seems rather a word formed in imitation of the confused inarticulate
+  noise produced by the mixture of numerous voices, like <i>mur-mur</i> in
+  Latin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hugger-mugger.</i>&mdash;Used by Spenser, Shakspeare, and other old
+  writers. The etymology is uncertain. Compare Jamieson in
+  <i>Hudge-mudge</i>. The latter part of the word seems to be allied with
+  <i>smuggle</i>, and the former part to be the reduplication. The original
+  and proper sense of hugger-mugger is secretly. See Nares <i>in v.</i>,
+  who derives it from <i>to hugger</i>, to lurk about; but query whether
+  such a word can be shown to have existed?</p>
+
+  <p><i>Humpty-dumpty.</i>&mdash;Formed from <i>hump</i>. This word occurs
+  in the nursery rhyme:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>Humpty-dumpty</i> sat on a wall,</p>
+      <p><i>Humpty-dumpty</i> had a great fall," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Hurdy-gurdy.</i>&mdash;The origin of this word, which is quoted
+  from no writer earlier than Foote, has not been explained. See Todd <i>in
+  v.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Hurly-burly.</i>&mdash;This old word occurs in the well-known
+  verses in the opening scene of <i>Macbeth</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"When the <i>hurly burly's</i> done,</p>
+      <p>When the battle's lost and won"&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p><!-- Page 392 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page392"></a>{392}</span></p>
+
+  <p>where see the notes of the commentators for other instances of it.
+  There are rival etymologies for this word, but all uncertain. The French
+  has <i>hurlu-burlu</i>. Nares in <i>Hurly</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hurry-scurry.</i>&mdash;This word, formed from <i>hurry</i>, is
+  used by Gray in his <i>Long Story</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Nick-nack.</i>&mdash;A small ornament. Not in the dictionaries.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pic-nic.</i>&mdash;For the derivation of this word, which seems to
+  be of French origin, see "N. &amp; Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 240. 387.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pit-pat, or Pit-a-pat.</i>&mdash;A word formed from <i>pat</i>, and
+  particularly applied to the pulsations of the heart, when accelerated by
+  emotion. Used by Ben Jonson and Dryden. Congreve writes it
+  <i>a-pit-pat</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Riff-raff.</i>&mdash;The refuse of anything, "Il ne lui lairra rif
+  ny raf." Cotgrave in <i>Rif</i>, where <i>rif</i> is said to mean
+  nothing.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rolly-pooly.</i>&mdash;"A sort of game" (Johnson). It is now used
+  as the name of a pudding rolled with sweetmeat.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rowdy-dowdy, and Rub-a-dub.</i>&mdash;Words formed in imitation of
+  the beat of a drum.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shilly-shally.</i>&mdash;Used by Congreve, and formerly written
+  "shill I, shall I."</p>
+
+  <p><i>Slip-slop.</i>&mdash;"Bad liquor. A low word, formed by
+  reduplication of <i>slop</i>" (Johnson). Now generally applied to errors
+  in pronunciation, arising from ignorance and carelessness, like those of
+  Mrs. Malaprop in <i>The Rivals</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Tip-top.</i>&mdash;Formed from <i>top</i>, like <i>slip-slop</i>
+  from <i>slop</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Tirra-lirra.</i>&mdash;Used by Shakspeare:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The lark that <i>tirra lirra</i> chants."&mdash;<i>Winter's Tale</i>, Act IV. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>From the French, see Nares <i>in v.</i></p>
+
+  <p>The preceding collection is intended merely to illustrate the
+  principle upon which this class of words are formed, and does not aim at
+  completeness. Some of your correspondents will doubtless, if they are
+  disposed, be able to supply other examples of the same mode of
+  formation.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>EARL OF OXFORD.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 292.)</p>
+
+  <p>S. N. will find the Earl's answer in a volume, not very common now,
+  entitled <i>A Compleat and Impartial History of the Impeachments of the
+  Last Ministry</i>, London, 8vo., 1716. The charge respecting the creation
+  of twelve peers in one day formed the 16th article of the impeachment. I
+  inclose a copy of the answer, if not too long for your pages.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In answer to the 16th article, the said Earl doth insist, that by the
+  laws and constitution of this realm, it is the undoubted right and
+  prerogative of the Sovereign, who is the fountain of honor, to create
+  peers of this realm, as well in time of Parliament as when there is no
+  Parliament sitting or in being; and that the exercise of this branch of
+  the prerogative is declared in the form or preamble of all patents of
+  honor, to proceed <i>ex mero motu</i>, as an act of mere grace and favor,
+  and that such acts are not done as many other acts of public nature are,
+  by and with the advice of the Privy Council; or as acts of pardon usually
+  run, upon a favorable representation of several circumstances, or upon
+  reports from the Attorney-General or other officers, that such acts are
+  lawful or expedient, or for the safety or advantage of the Crown; but
+  flows entirely from the beneficent and gracious disposition of the
+  Sovereign. He farther says, that neither the warrants for patents of
+  honor, the bills or other engrossments of such patents, are at any time
+  communicated to the council or the treasury, as several other patents
+  are; and therefore the said Earl, either as High Treasurer or Privy
+  Councillor, could not have any knowledge of the same: Nevertheless, if
+  her late sacred Majesty had thought fit to acquaint him with her most
+  gracious intentions of creating any number of peers of this realm, and
+  had asked his opinion, whether the persons whom she then intended to
+  create were persons proper to have been promoted to that dignity, he does
+  believe he should have highly approved her Majesty's choice; and does not
+  apprehend that in so doing he had been guilty of any breach of his duty,
+  or violation of the trust in him reposed; since they were all persons of
+  honor and distinguished merit, and the peerage thereby was not greatly
+  increased, considering some of those created would have been peers by
+  descent, and many noble families were then lately extinct: And the said
+  Earl believes many instances may be given where this prerogative hath
+  been exercised by former princes of this realm, in as extensive a manner;
+  and particularly in the reigns of King Henry the Eighth, King James the
+  First, and his late Majesty King William. The said Earl begs leave to
+  add, that in the whole course of his life he hath always loved the
+  established constitution, and in his private capacity as well as in all
+  public stations, when he had the honor to be employed, has ever done his
+  utmost to preserve it, and shall always continue so to do."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PICTS' HOUSES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 264.)</p>
+
+  <p>The mention there made of the recent discovery of one of these
+  subterranean vaults or passages in Aberdeenshire, induces me to ask a
+  question in regard to two subterranean passages which have lately been
+  discovered in Berwickshire, and which so far differ from all others that
+  I have heard or read of, that whereas all of them seem to have been built
+  at the sides with large flat stones, and roofed with similar ones, and
+  then covered with earth, those which I am about to mention are both hewn
+  out of the solid rock. They are both situated in the Lammermoor range of
+  hills. Those persons who have seen them are at a loss to know for what
+  <!-- Page 393 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page393"></a>{393}</span>purpose they could have been excavated,
+  unless for the purpose of sepulture in the times of the aborigines, or of
+  very early inhabitants of Britain, as they in many respects resemble
+  those stone graves which are mentioned in Worsaae's <i>Description of the
+  Primæval Antiquities of Denmark</i>, translated and applied to the
+  illustration of similar remains in England by Mr. Thoms.</p>
+
+  <p>One of these cavities is situated on a remote pasture farm, among the
+  hills belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale, called Braidshawrigg; and was
+  discovered by a shepherd very near his own house, within less than a
+  quarter of a mile up a small stream which runs past it, and on the
+  opposite side of the water, a few yards up the steep hill. The shepherd
+  had observed for some time that one of his dogs was in the habit of going
+  into what he supposed to be a rabbit hole at this place, and when he was
+  missing and called, he generally came out of this hole. At last,
+  curiosity led his master to take a spade and dig into it; and he soon
+  found that, after digging down into the soil to the rock, the cavity
+  became larger, and had evidently been the work of human hands.
+  Information was given to Lord Lauderdale, and the rubbish was cleared
+  away. It (the rubbish) did not extend far in, and after that the passage
+  was clear. The excavation consists of a passage cut nearly north and
+  south (the entrance being to the south) through various strata of solid
+  rocks, partly grauwacke, (or what is there called <i>whinstone</i>), and
+  partly grey slate: the strata lying east and west, and nearly vertical.
+  The whole length of it is seventy-four feet. From the entrance the
+  passage, for four or five yards, slopes downwards into the hill; it then
+  runs horizontally the length of sixty-three feet from the entrance, when
+  it changes its direction at right angles to the westward for a distance
+  of eleven feet; when it ends with the solid rock. It is regularly from
+  three feet four inches to three feet six inches wide, and about seven
+  feet high, the ceiling being somewhat circular. The floor is the rock cut
+  square. The time and labour must have been great to cut this passage, as
+  not more than one man could conveniently quarry the rock at the same
+  time. It might have been supposed that this was a level to a mine, as
+  copper has been worked in this range farther eastward; but the passage
+  does not follow any vein, but cuts across all the strata, and keeps a
+  straight line, till it turns westward, and then in another straight line;
+  and the floors, sides, and roof are all made quite regular and even with
+  a pickaxe or a hammer. There does not appear to have been at any time any
+  other habitation than the shepherd's house, and another cottage a little
+  lower down the stream, in the neighbourhood. The discovery of this cavern
+  recalled to the recollection of myself, and some of my family, that a few
+  years ago, in cutting a road through the rock into a whinstone quarry,
+  about four miles south of Braidshawrigg, near a mill, we had cut across
+  the east end of a passage somewhat similar to the one before mentioned,
+  but running east and west; that we had cleared it out for a short way,
+  but as it then went under a corner of one of the houses belonging to the
+  mill, we stopped, for fear of bringing down the building, as this
+  passage, though cut out of the solid rock, was not a mine, but had been
+  worked to the surface; and, if it ever had been used for purposes of
+  sepulture, must have been roofed with flagstones, and then covered with
+  earth like other Picts' houses. But these roof-stones must have been
+  carried away, and the whole trench was filled with rubbish, and all trace
+  of it on the surface was obliterated. This passage we have lately opened,
+  and cleared out. To the westward it passes into the adjoining water-mill,
+  which is itself in great part formed by excavation of the rock; and the
+  east wall of the upper part of the mill is arched over the passage.
+  Beyond the west wall of the mill which adjoins the stream, there is a
+  continuation of the trench through the rock down to the water, which
+  serves to take away that which passes over the millwheel at right angles
+  to where the rock has been cut away to make room for the millwheel
+  itself. That which has been cut away in making the trench, is a seam of
+  clay slate about three feet six inches in breadth, between two solid
+  whinstone rocks. The length of the passage, from the east end, which
+  terminated in rock, to the mill, is sixty-three feet. The mill is thirty
+  feet, and the cut beyond it twelve feet: in all, one hundred and five
+  feet. The average depth is about twelve feet; but as it slopes down to
+  the stream, some of it is sixteen feet deep. It has been suggested that
+  it might have been dug out in order to obtain the coarse slate; but the
+  difficulty of working a confined seam like this, in any other way than by
+  picking it out piecemeal with immense labour, seems impossible. It can
+  never have been meant to convey water to the mill, as the highest part
+  begins in the solid rock, and the object must always have been to keep
+  the water on the highest possible level, until it reached the top of the
+  millwheel. Nothing was found in either of these excavations.&mdash;After
+  this long discussion, Query, What can have been the purpose for which
+  these laborious works can have been executed?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. S. S.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PRONUNCIATION OF "HUMBLE."</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 229. 298.)</p>
+
+  <p>It is my misfortune entirely to differ from <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Dawson</span> (p. 229.) and <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> (p.
+  298.) as to the pronunciation of <i>humble</i>; and permit me to say
+  (with all courtesy) that I was unfeignedly surprised at the latter's
+  assertion, that sounding <!-- Page 394 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page394"></a>{394}</span>the <i>h</i> is "a recent attempt to
+  introduce a mispronunciation," as I have known that mode of pronunciation
+  all but universally prevalent for nearly the last forty years; and I have
+  had pretty good opportunities for observing what the general usage in
+  that respect was, as I was for some years at a very large public school,
+  then at Oxford for more than the usual time, and have since resided in
+  London more than twenty-five years, practising as a barrister in
+  Westminster Hall, and on one of the largest circuits. If, therefore, I
+  have not had ample means of judging as to the pronunciation of
+  <i>humble</i>, I know not where the means are to be found; especially as
+  I doubt whether <i>humble</i> and <i>humbly</i> are anywhere so
+  frequently used as in courts: a counsel rarely making a speech without
+  "<i>humbly</i> submitting" or making a "<i>humble</i> application." Now
+  the result of my experience is, that the <i>h</i> is almost universally
+  sounded; and at this moment I cannot call to mind a single gentleman who
+  omits it, who does not also omit it in many other instances where no
+  doubt can exist that it ought to be sounded.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Dawson</span> believes the sounding the <i>h</i>
+  to be "one of those, either Oxford, or Cambridge, or both, peculiarities
+  of which no reasonable explanation can be given." Now I believe <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Dawson</span> is right in supposing that that usage is
+  general both at Oxford and Cambridge, and I rather think that not only an
+  explanation of the fact may be given, but that the fact itself, that in
+  both the Universities the <i>h</i> is sounded, is extremely cogent
+  evidence that it is correct. It cannot be doubted that the fact that a
+  word is spelled with certain letters is clear proof that, at the time
+  when that spelling was adopted, the word was so sounded as to give a
+  distinct sound to each of the letters used, and that clearly must have
+  been the case with words beginning with <i>h</i> especially. When,
+  therefore, the present spelling of <i>humble</i> was adopted, the
+  <i>h</i> was sounded. Now, whilst I freely admit that the utterance of
+  any word may be changed&mdash;"Si volet usus, quem penes arbitrium est,
+  et jus et norma loquendi"&mdash;still it cannot be questioned that the
+  usage must be so general, clear, and distinct among the better educated
+  classes (where-ever they may have received their education) as to leave
+  no reasonable doubt about the matter; and that it lies on those who
+  assert that such a change has taken place, to show such a usage as I have
+  mentioned. And when the number of the members of the Universities is
+  considered, and their position as men of education, it must at least
+  admit of doubt whether, if a general usage prevailed among them to
+  pronounce a particular word in the manner in which it originally was
+  pronounced, this would not alone prevent a different pronunciation among
+  others from having that general prevalence, which would be sufficient to
+  justify a change in the utterance of such word.</p>
+
+  <p>But let us consider whether the usage of the Universities is not very
+  cogent evidence that the <i>h</i> is generally sounded throughout
+  England, 1. Each University contains a large number of the higher and
+  better educated classes. 2. The members come from all parts of England
+  indiscriminately. 3. Infinitely the majority come from schools; and some
+  of the large schools have generally many members at each University. By
+  such persons the pronunciation of the schools cannot fail to be
+  represented. 4. Every one on entering the University is expected at least
+  to know his own language. 5. There is no instruction, as far as I know
+  (however much the fact may be to be regretted), ever given in English at
+  either University. 6. There is a perpetual change of about a third of the
+  members every year, few remaining above three years. Now can any one, who
+  candidly considers these facts, doubt that a usage in pronouncing a
+  particular word at <i>either</i> University if generally prevalent, is
+  very strong evidence that the same usage is generally prevalent
+  throughout England; but if any one does entertain such a doubt, surely it
+  must be done away, when he finds that the same usage prevails at
+  <i>both</i> Universities; though there exists such a degree of rivalry
+  between them as would prevent the one from adopting from the other any
+  usage which was liable to any the least doubt, and though there is no
+  communication between them that could account for the same usage
+  prevailing in both.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span> appeals to the Prayer Book as a
+  decisive authority, and instances "an <i>humble</i>," &amp;c. If any one
+  will examine the Prayer Book, he will find that it is no authority at
+  all; as "an" is at least as often used erroneously before <i>h</i> as
+  not. In reading over the first sixty-eight Psalms, I found the following
+  instances&mdash;Ps. xxvii. 3. and Ps. xxxiii. 15., "An host of men;" Ps.
+  xlvii. 4. and Ps. lxi. 5., "An heritage;" Ps. xlix. 18., "An happy man,"
+  Ps. lv. 5., "An horrible dread;" Ps. lxviii. 15., "An high hill." And in
+  the same Psalms I only found <i>one</i> instance of <i>a</i> before
+  <i>h</i>, viz. in Ps. xxxiii. 16., "A horse;" and in this case the Bible
+  version has "An horse." In the first Lesson for the 19th Sunday after
+  Trinity, Dan. iii. 4., "An herald," and 27., "An hair of their head,"
+  occur; and in the next chapter (iv. 13.), "An holy one." It is plain from
+  these instances (and doubtless many others may be found), that the use of
+  "an" before <i>h</i>, in the Bible or Prayer Book, can afford no test
+  whatever whether the <i>h</i> ought to be sounded or not.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. G. C.</p>
+
+  <p>After the sensible Note of your correspondent E.&nbsp;H., it is perhaps
+  hardly necessary to say more on the subject of aspirated and mute
+  <i>h</i>. If these remarks, therefore, seem superfluous, they may easily
+  be suppressed, and that too without any offence to the writer. <!-- Page
+  395 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page395"></a>{395}</span></p>
+
+  <p>It is very dangerous to dogmatise on the English language. We really
+  have no authority to which we can confidently appeal, except the usage of
+  good society: "Quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi."
+  Unfortunately, however, every man is convinced, that in <i>his own</i>
+  society that usage is to be found; and your correspondents, who have
+  agreed in approving the <i>Heapian</i> pronunciation, will probably, on
+  that ground, still retain the same opinion.</p>
+
+  <p>The only words in the English language, in which <i>h</i> is written,
+  but not pronounced, are words derived from Latin through the French; but
+  of these, many in English retain the aspirate, though in French nearly
+  all lose it. The exceptions collected by E.&nbsp;H. satisfactorily prove that
+  we do not follow the French rule implicitly. They indeed carry the
+  non-aspiration farther than to words of Latin derivation. They omit the
+  aspirate to nearly all words derived from Greek. This we never do. I
+  think that E.&nbsp;H.'s rule, of always aspirating <i>h</i> before <i>u</i>,
+  is not entirely without exceptions. Except in Ireland, I never heard
+  <i>humour</i> or <i>humorous</i> aspirated, though in <i>humid</i> and
+  <i>humect</i> the <i>h</i> is always sounded. If this be right, it
+  depends solely on the usage of good society, and not on rules laid down
+  by Walker or Lindley Murray, whose authority we do <i>not</i> acknowledge
+  as infallible. I may here remark, that no arguments can be drawn from our
+  Liturgy or translation of the Bible that would not prove too much. If,
+  because we find in our Liturgy "an <i>humble</i>, lowly, and obedient
+  heart," we are to read "an <i>'umble</i>," we must also read "an 'undred,
+  an 'ouse, an 'eap, an 'eart;" for <i>an</i> was prefixed in our Liturgy
+  as well as in our translated Bible to <i>every</i> word beginning with
+  <i>h</i>, and not (as one of your correspondents supposes) only to words
+  beginning with silent <i>h</i>. Among young clergymen there is a growing
+  habit (derived I suppose from Walker, or other such sources) of indulging
+  in the <i>Heapian</i> dialect. I think Mr. Dickens will have done us more
+  good by his ridicule, than will ever be effected by serious arguments;
+  and I feel as much obliged to him as to E.&nbsp;H. To show how dangerous it is
+  to be bound by a mere grammarian authority, a disciple of Vaugelas or
+  Restaut (no insignificant names in French philology) would be led to read
+  <i>les héros</i> as if it were "les zéros."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. C. H.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>SCHOOL LIBRARIES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 220.)</p>
+
+  <p>I can answer <span class="sc">Mr. Weld Taylor</span> for at least one
+  public school having no library, nor any books for other purposes than
+  tasks, <i>i.e.</i> Christ's Hospital, London: whether any other
+  metropolitan schools are provided with books I do not know. When I was at
+  the above school, at all events, we had no books except for learning out
+  of; whether reform has crept in since I was there, twenty-five years ago,
+  I cannot say. I speak of then, not now.</p>
+
+  <p>I remember very well a dusty cupboard with "Read, Mark, Learn,"
+  painted in ostentatious letters on it. And these profound words were just
+  like a park gate with high iron railings, where you may peep in and get
+  no farther&mdash;no more could we: for we never saw the inside of it, and
+  nobody could say where the key was, therefore what flowery
+  <i>pleasaunce</i> of knowledge it contained nobody perhaps knows to this
+  day. I also remember how greedily any entertaining book was borrowed,
+  begged, and circulated; and thumbed and dog's-eared to admiration.
+  <i>Rasselas</i> and <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>, <i>Robinson Crusoe</i>, or
+  <i>Sandford and Merton</i>, poor things! they became at last what might
+  be supposed a public arsenal of umbrellas would at the last.</p>
+
+  <p>When I reflect on that time, and the dreary winter's evenings,
+  trundled to bed almost by daylight, my very heart sinks. What a luxury if
+  some Christian had been allowed to read aloud for an hour, instead of
+  lying awake studying the ghastly lamp that swung from the ceiling in the
+  dormitory; or if some one with a modicum of information had given half an
+  hour's lecture on some entertaining branch of science. Perhaps these
+  antique schools are reformed in some measure, or perhaps they are waiting
+  till their betters are.</p>
+
+  <p>I observe, however, that certain parish work-house schools have,
+  within these few days, taken the hint. Perhaps our public schools, for
+  some are very wealthy, may be able to afford to follow their example.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Wimborne Minster, Dorset.</p>
+
+  <p>Marlborough College possesses a library of about four thousand
+  volumes, entirely the munificent contribution of Mr. M<sup>c</sup>Geachy,
+  one of the council. The boys of the fifth and sixth forms are allowed
+  access daily at certain fixed hours, the librarian being present. In
+  addition to this, libraries are now being formed in each house, which are
+  maintained by small half-yearly subscriptions, and which will contain
+  books of a more amusing character, and better suited for the younger
+  boys.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. J.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Albumenized Paper.</i>&mdash;If this subject be not already
+  exhausted, the following account of my method of preparing the material
+  in question, which differs in some few important particulars from any I
+  have seen published, may be of interest to some of my brother operators.
+  <!-- Page 396 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page396"></a>{396}</span></p>
+
+  <p>I have, after a very considerable number of experiments, succeeded in
+  producing the <i>very highly</i> varnished appearance so conspicuous in
+  some of the foreign proofs; and although I cannot say I admire it in
+  general, more especially as regards landscapes, yet it is sometimes very
+  effective for portraits, giving a depth of tone to the shadows, and a
+  roundness to the flesh, which is very striking. Moreover, a photographer
+  may just as well be acquainted with every kind of manipulation connected
+  with the art.</p>
+
+  <p>Having but a very moderate amount of spare time, and that at uncertain
+  intervals, to devote to this seductive pursuit, I am always a great
+  stickler for <i>economy of time</i> in all the processes, as well as for
+  economy of material, the former with me having, perhaps, a shade more
+  influence than the latter.</p>
+
+  <p>As in all other processes, I find that the <i>kind of paper</i> made
+  use of has a most important bearing upon the result. That which I find
+  the best is of French manufacture, known as Canson Frères' (both the thin
+  and the thick sorts), probably in consequence of their being sized with
+  starch. The thin sort (the same as is generally used for waxed-paper
+  negatives) takes the highest polish, but more readily embrowns after
+  being rendered sensitive, and the lights are not ever quite so white as
+  when the positive paper is used.</p>
+
+  <p>In order to save both time and labour, I prepare my papers in the
+  <i>largest</i> sizes that circumstances will admit of, as it takes little
+  or no more time to prepare and render sensitive a large sheet than a
+  small one; and as I always apply the silver solution by means of the
+  glass rod, I find that a half-sheet of Canson's paper (being seventeen
+  inches by eleven inches the half-sheet) is the best size to operate on.
+  If the whole sheet is used, it requires <i>more</i> than double the
+  quantity of solution to ensure its being properly covered, which
+  additional quantity is simply so much waste.</p>
+
+  <p>A most convenient holder for the paper whilst being operated upon, is
+  one suggested by Mr. Horne of Newgate Street, and consists of a piece of
+  half-inch Quebec yellow pine plank (a soft kind of deal), eleven inches
+  by seventeen inches, screwed to a somewhat larger piece of the same kind,
+  but with the grain of the wood at right angles to the upper piece, in
+  order to preserve a perfectly flat surface. On to the upper piece is
+  glued a covering of japanned-flannel, such as is used for covering
+  tables, taking care to select for the purpose that which has no raised
+  pattern, the imitation of rosewood or mahogany being unexceptionable on
+  that account. The paper can be readily secured to the arrangement alluded
+  to by means of a couple of pins, one at each of two opposite angles, the
+  wood being sufficiently soft to admit of their ready penetration.</p>
+
+  <p><i>To prepare the Albumen.</i>&mdash;Take the white of <i>one</i> egg;
+  this dissolve in one ounce of distilled water, two grains of chloride of
+  sodium (common salt), and two grains of <i>grape</i> sugar; mix with the
+  egg, whip the whole to froth, and allow it to stand until it again
+  liquefies. The object of this operation is to thoroughly incorporate the
+  ingredients, and render the whole as homogeneous as possible.</p>
+
+  <p>A variety in the resulting tone is produced by using ten grains of
+  sugar of milk instead of the grape sugar.</p>
+
+  <p>The albumen mixture is then laid on to the paper by means of a flat
+  camel's-hair brush, about three inches broad, the mixture being first
+  poured into a cheese plate, or other flat vessel, and all froth and
+  bubbles carefully removed from the surface. Four longitudinal strokes
+  with such a brush, if properly done, will cover the whole half-sheet of
+  paper with an even thin film; but in case there are any lines formed, the
+  brush may be passed very lightly over it again in a direction at right
+  angles to the preceding. The papers should then be allowed to remain on a
+  perfectly level surface until nearly dry, when they may be suspended for
+  a few minutes before the fire, to complete the operation. In this
+  condition the glass is but moderate, and as is generally used; but if,
+  after the first drying before the fire, the papers are again subjected to
+  precisely the same process, the negative paper will shine like polished
+  glass. That is coated again with the albumenizing mixture, and dried as
+  before.</p>
+
+  <p>One egg, with the ounce of water, &amp;c., is enough to cover five
+  half-sheets with two layers, or five whole sheets with one.</p>
+
+  <p>I rarely iron my papers, as I do not find any advantage therein,
+  because the moment the silver solution is applied the albumen becomes
+  coagulated, and I cannot discover the slightest difference in the final
+  result, except that when the papers are ironed I sometimes find flaws and
+  spots occur from some carelessness in the ironing process.</p>
+
+  <p>If the albumenized paper is intended to be kept for any <i>long</i>
+  time before use, the ironing may be useful as a protection against
+  moisture, provided the <i>iron be sufficiently hot</i>; but the
+  temperature ought to be considerable.</p>
+
+  <p>To render the paper sensitive, I use a hundred-grain solution of
+  nitrate of silver, of which forty-five minims will exactly cover the
+  sheet of seventeen inches by eleven inches, if laid on with the glass
+  rod. A weaker solution will do, but with the above splendid tints may be
+  produced. As to the ammonio-nitrate of silver, I have totally abandoned
+  its use, and, after many careful experiments, I am satisfied that its
+  extra sensitiveness is a delusion, while the rapid tendency of paper
+  prepared with it to spoil is increased tenfold.</p>
+
+  <p>The fixing, of course, modifies considerably the tone of the proof,
+  but almost any desired shade <!-- Page 397 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page397"></a>{397}</span>may be attained by following the plan of
+  <span class="sc">Mr. F.&nbsp;M. Lyte</span>, published in "N. &amp; Q.,"
+  provided the negative is sufficiently intense to admit of a considerable
+  degree of over-printing.</p>
+
+  <p>It is a fact which appears to be entirely overlooked by many
+  operators, that the <i>intensity</i> of the negative is the chief agent
+  in conducing to black tones in the positive proof; and it is almost
+  impossible to produce them if the negative is poor and weak: and the same
+  observation applies to a negative that has been <i>over</i>-exposed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. Shadbolt.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Cement for Glass Baths.</i>&mdash;The best I have tried is Canada
+  balsam. My baths I have had in use five years, and have used them for
+  exciting, developing hypo. and cyanide, and are as good as when first
+  used.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Noxid.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>New Process for Positive Proofs.</i>&mdash;I have tried a method of
+  preparing my paper for positive proofs, which, as I have not seen it
+  mentioned as employed by others, and the results appear to me very
+  satisfactory, I am induced to communicate to you, and to accompany by
+  some specimens, which will enable you to judge of the amount of
+  success.</p>
+
+  <p>I use a glass cylinder, with air-pump attached, such as that described
+  by <span class="sc">Mr. Stewart</span> as employed by him for iodizing
+  his paper. I put in this the salt solution, and that I use is thus
+  composed: 2 drachms of sugar of milk, dissolved in 20 ounces of water,
+  adding&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Chloride of barium             15 grs.</p>
+      <p>Chloride of sodium             15 grs.</p>
+      <p>Chloride of ammonium           15 grs.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In this I plunge several sheets of paper rolled into a coil (taking
+  care that they are covered by the solution), and exhaust the air. I leave
+  them thus for a few minutes, then take them out and hang them up to dry;
+  or as the sheets are rather difficult to pin, from the paper giving way,
+  spread them on a frame, across which any common kind of coarse muslin or
+  tarletan, such as that I inclose, is stretched.</p>
+
+  <p>I excite with ammonio-nitrate of silver, 30 grains to 1 ounce of
+  water, applied with a flat brush.</p>
+
+  <p>I fix in a bath of plain hypo. of the strength of one-sixth. The bath
+  in which the inclosed specimens were fixed has been in use for some
+  little time, and therefore has acquired chloride of silver.</p>
+
+  <p>I previously prepared my paper by <i>brushing</i> it with the same
+  salt solution, and the difference of effect produced may be seen by
+  comparing a proof so obtained, which I inclose, with the others. This
+  latter is of rather a reddish-brown, and not very agreeable tint. I have
+  inclosed the proofs as printed on paper of Whatman, Turner, and Canson
+  Frères, so as to show the effect in each case. The advantages which the
+  mode I have detailed possesses are, I think, these:</p>
+
+  <p>Greater sensitiveness in the paper,</p>
+
+  <p>A good black tint, and</p>
+
+  <p>Greater freedom from spots and blemishes, all very material
+  merits.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. E. F.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Our Correspondent has forwarded five specimens, four of which are
+  certainly very satisfactory, the fifth is the one prepared by
+  brushing.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>The Groaning Elm-plank in Dublin</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  309.).&mdash;<span class="sc">Dr. Rimbault</span> has given an account of
+  the groaning-board, one of the popular delusions of two centuries ago:
+  the following notice of it, extracted from my memoir of Sir Thomas
+  Molyneux, Bart., M.D., and published in the <i>Dublin University</i> for
+  September, 1841, may interest your readers:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In one of William Molyneux's communications he mentions the
+  exhibition of 'the groaning elm-plank' in Dublin, a curiosity that
+  attracted much attention and many learned speculations about the years
+  1682 and 1683. He was, however, too much of a philosopher to be gulled
+  with the rest of the people who witnessed this so-called 'sensible
+  elm-plank,' which is said to have groaned and trembled on the application
+  of a hot iron to one end of it. After explaining the probable cause of
+  the noise and tremulousness by its form and condition, and by the sap
+  being made to pass up through the pores or tubuli of the plank which was
+  in some particular condition, he says: 'But, Tom, the generality of
+  mankind is lazy and unthoughtful, and will not trouble themselves to
+  think of the reason of a thing: when they have a brief way of explaining
+  anything that is strange by saying, "The devil's in it," what need they
+  trouble their heads about pores, and matters, and motion, figure, and
+  disposition, when the devil and a witch shall solve the phenomena of
+  nature.'"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. R. Wilde.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Whiston</i> (Vol. viii., p. 244.).&mdash;J.&nbsp;T. complains
+  of not being able to find a passage in Whiston, which he says is referred
+  to in p. 94. of <i>Taylor on Original Sin</i>, Lond. 1746. I do not know
+  what Taylor he refers to. Jeremy Taylor wrote a treatise on original sin;
+  but he lived before Whiston. I have looked into two editions of the
+  <i>Scripture Doctrine of Original Sin</i>, by John Taylor, one of Lond.
+  1741, and another of Lond. 1750; but in neither of these can I find any
+  mention of Mr. Whiston.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Halieus" class="grk">&#x1F09;&lambda;&iota;&epsilon;&#x1F7B;&sigmaf;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>When Orpheus went down</i>" (Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).&mdash;In
+  addition to the information given upon this old song by <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Oldenshaw</span>, I beg to add the following. It was
+  written for and sung <!-- Page 398 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page398"></a>{398}</span>by Mr. Beard, in a pantomimic
+  entertainment entitled <i>Orpheus and Euridice</i>, acted at the theatre
+  in Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1740. The author of the entertainment was Mr.
+  Henry Sommer, but the song in question was "translated from the Spanish"
+  by the Rev. Dr. Samuel Lisle, who died Rector of Burclere, Hants, 1767.
+  It was long very popular, and is found in almost all the song-books of
+  the latter half of the last century. Mr. Park, the editor of the last
+  edition of Ritson's <i>English Songs</i> (vol. ii. p. 153.), has the
+  following note upon this song:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"An answer to this has been written in the way of echo, and in defence
+  of the fair sex, whom the Spanish author treated with such libellous
+  sarcasm."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As this "echo song" is not given by Ritson or his editor, I have
+  transcribed it from a broadside in my collection. It is said to have been
+  written by a lady.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"When Orpheus went down to the regions below,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To bring back the wife that he lov'd,</p>
+      <p>Old Pluto, confounded, as histories show,</p>
+      <p class="i1">To find that his music so mov'd:</p>
+      <p>That a woman so good, so virtuous, and fair,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Should be by a man thus trepann'd,</p>
+      <p>To give up her freedom for sorrow and care,</p>
+      <p class="i1">He own'd she deserv'd to be damn'd.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"For punishment he never study'd a whit,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The torments of hell had not pain</p>
+      <p>Sufficient to curse her; so Pluto thought fit</p>
+      <p class="i1">Her husband should have her again.</p>
+      <p>But soon he compassion'd the woman's hard fate,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And, knowing of mankind so well,</p>
+      <p>He recall'd her again, before 'twas too late,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And said, she'd be happier in hell."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Foreign Medical Education</i> (Vol. viii., p. 341.).&mdash;Your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">Medicus</span> will find some information
+  respecting <i>some</i> of the foreign universities in the <i>Lancet</i>
+  for 1849, and the <i>Medical Times and Gazette</i> for 1852. For France
+  he will find all he wants in Dr. Roubaud's <i>Annuaire Médical et
+  Pharmaceutique de la France</i>, published by Baillière, 219. Regent
+  Street.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. D.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Short red, good red</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 182.).&mdash;Sir Walter
+  has probably borrowed this saying from the story of Bishop Walchere, when
+  he related the murder of Adam, Bishop of Caithness. This tragical event
+  is told in the <i>Chronicle of Mailros</i>, under the year 1222; also in
+  <i>Forduni Scotichronicon</i>, and in Wyntoun's <i>Chronicle</i>, book
+  vii. c. ix.; but the words "short red, good red," do not appear in these
+  accounts of the transaction.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Mn.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Collar of SS.</i> (Vols. iv.-vii. <i>passim</i>).&mdash;At the risk
+  of frightening you and your correspondents, I venture to resume this
+  subject, in consequence of a circumstance to which my attention has just
+  been directed.</p>
+
+  <p>In the parish church of Swarkestone in Derbyshire there is a monument
+  to Richard Harpur, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the
+  reign of Elizabeth; on which he is represented in full judicial costume,
+  with the collar of SS., which I am told by the minister of the parish is
+  "distinctly delineated." It may be seen in Fairholt's <i>Costumes of
+  England</i>, p. 278.</p>
+
+  <p>As far as I am aware, this is the only instance, either on monuments
+  or in portraits, of a <i>puisne</i> judge being ornamented with this
+  decoration. Can any of your correspondents produce another example? or
+  can they account, from any other cause, for Richard Harpur receiving such
+  a distinction? or may I not rather attribute it to the blunder of the
+  sculptor?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Who first thought of Table-turning</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  57.).&mdash;It is impossible to say who discovered the table-turning
+  experiment, but it undoubtedly had its origin in the United States. It
+  was practised here three years ago, and, although sometimes associated
+  with spirit-rappings, has more frequently served for amusement. On this
+  connexion it may be proper to say that Professor Faraday's theory of
+  unconscious muscular force meets with no concurrence among those who know
+  anything about the subject in this country. It is notorious that large
+  tables have been moved frequently by five or six persons, whose fingers
+  merely touched them, although upon each was seated a stout man, weighing
+  a hundred and fifty or sixty pounds: neither involuntary nor voluntary
+  muscular force could have effected <i>that</i> physical movement, when
+  there was no other <i>purchase</i> on the table than that which could be
+  gained by a pressure of the tips of the fingers.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><a href="images/oldew.png"><img src="images/oldew.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Old English W" /></a>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage of Thucydides on the Greek Factions</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  594.; Vol. viii., pp. 44. 137.).&mdash;My attempt to find the passage
+  attributed by Sir A. Alison to Thucydides in the real Thucydides was
+  unsuccessful for the best of reasons, viz. that it does not exist there.
+  He has probably borrowed it from some modern author, who, as it appears
+  to me, has given a loose paraphrase of the words which I cited from
+  <i>Thucyd.</i> <span class="scac">III.</span> 82., and has expanded the
+  thought in a manner not uncommon with some writers, by adding the
+  expression about the "sword and poniard." Some other misquotations of Sir
+  A. Alison from the classical writers may be seen in the <i>Edinburgh
+  Review</i> for April last, No. CXCVIII. p. 275.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Origin of "Clipper" as applied to Vessels</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  100.).&mdash;For many years the fleetest sailing vessels built in the
+  United States were <!-- Page 399 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page399"></a>{399}</span>constructed at Baltimore. They were very
+  sharp, long, low; and their masts were inclined at a much greater angle
+  than usual with those in other vessels. Fast sailing pilot boats and
+  schooners were thus rigged; and in the last war with England, privateers
+  of the Baltimore build were universally famed for their swiftness and
+  superior sailing qualities. "A Baltimore clipper" became the expression
+  among shipbuilders for a vessel of peculiar make; in the construction of
+  which, fleetness was considered of more importance than a carrying
+  capacity. When the attention of naval architects was directed to the
+  construction of swift sailing ships, they were compelled to adopt the
+  clipper shape. Hence the title "Clipper Ship," which has now extended
+  from America to England.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><a href="images/oldew.png"><img src="images/oldew.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Old English W" /></a>.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Tennyson</i> (Vol. viii., p. 244.).&mdash;In the third
+  edition of <i>In Memoriam</i>, <span class="scac">LXXXIX.</span>, 1850,
+  the last line mentioned by W.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;M. is "Flits by the sea-blue bird of
+  March," instead of "blue sea-bird." This reading appears to be a better
+  one. I would suggest that the bird meant by Tennyson was the Tom-tit,
+  who, from his restlessness, may be said to flit among the bushes.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. M. Middleton.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Huet's Navigations of Solomon</i> (Vol. vii., p. 381.).&mdash;This
+  work of the learned Bishop of Avranches was written in Latin, and
+  translated into French by J.&nbsp;B. Desrockes de Parthenay. It forms part of
+  the second volume of a collection of treatises edited by Bruzen de la
+  Martinière, under the title of <i>Traités Géographiques et Historiques
+  pour faciliter l'intelligence de l'Ecriture Sainte, par divers auteurs
+  célèbres</i>, 1730, 2 vols. 12mo.</p>
+
+  <p>I am unable to reply to <span class="sc">Edina</span>'s second Query,
+  as to the result of Huet's assertions.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sincere</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328.).&mdash;The derivation of
+  this word from <i>sine cerâ</i> appears very fanciful. If this were the
+  correct derivation, we should expect to find <i>sinecere</i>, for the
+  <i>e</i> would scarcely be dropped; just as we have the English word
+  <i>sinecure</i>, which is the only compound of the preposition
+  <i>sine</i> I know; and is itself <i>not a Latin word</i>, but of a later
+  coinage. Some give as the derivation <i>semel</i> and <span title="keraô" class="grk"
+  >&kappa;&epsilon;&rho;&#x1F71;&omega;</span>&mdash;that is, once mixed,
+  without adulteration; the <span title="e" class="grk">&epsilon;</span>
+  being lengthened, as the Greek <span title="akêratos" class="grk"
+  >&#x1F00;&kappa;&#x1F75;&rho;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>. The
+  proper spelling would then be <i>simcerus</i>, and euphonically
+  <i>sincerus</i>: thus we have <i>sim-plex</i>, which does not mean
+  without a fold, but (<i>semel plico</i>, <span title="plekô" class="grk"
+  >&pi;&lambda;&#x1F73;&kappa;&omega;</span>) once folded. So also
+  <i>singulus</i>, semel and termination. The proper meaning may be from
+  tablets, <i>ceratæ tabellæ</i>, which were "once smeared with wax" and
+  then written upon; they were then <i>sinceræ</i>, without forgery or
+  deception. If they were in certain places covered with wax again, for the
+  purpose of adding something secretly and deceptively, they cease to be
+  <i>sinceræ</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. T. Jeffcock.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="scac"><span class="grk">&Pi;</span>. <span
+  class="grk">&Beta;</span>.</span> asks me for some authority for the
+  alleged practice of Roman potters (or crock-vendors) to rub wax into the
+  flaws of their unsound vessels. This was the very burden of my Query! I
+  am no proficient in the Latin classics: yet I think I know enough to
+  predicate that <span class="scac"><span class="grk">&Pi;</span>. <span
+  class="grk">&Beta;</span>.</span> is wrong in his version of the
+  line&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis acescit."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I understand this line as referring to the notorious fact, that some
+  liquors turn sour if the air gets to them from without. "Sincerum vas" is
+  a sound or air-tight vessel. In another place (<i>Sat.</i>, lib. i. 3.),
+  Horace employs the same figure, where he says that we "call evil good,
+  and good evil," figuring the sentiment thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque</p>
+      <p>Sincerum cupimus vas <i>incrustare</i>"&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>meaning, of course, that we bring the vessel into suspicion, by
+  treating it as if it were flawed. Dryden, no doubt, knew the radical
+  meaning of <i>sincere</i> when he wrote the lines cited by Johnson:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"He try'd a tough well-chosen spear;</p>
+      <p>Th' inviolable body stood sincere."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Saltpetre Man</i> (Vol. viii., p. 225.).&mdash;In addition to
+  the curious particulars of this office, I send you an extract from Abp.
+  Laud's <i>Diary</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"December 13, Monday. I received letters from Brecknock; that the
+  <i>saltpeter man</i> was dead and buried the Sunday before the messenger
+  came. This <i>saltpeter man</i> had digged in the Colledge Church for his
+  work, bearing too bold upon his commission. The news of it came to me to
+  London about November 26. I went to my Lord Keeper, and had a messenger
+  sent to bring him up to answer that sacrilegious abuse. He prevented his
+  punishment by death."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John S. Burn.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Major André</i> (Vol. viii., p. 174.).&mdash;There is in the
+  picture gallery of <span class="correction" title="Original reads `Yule'"
+  >Yale</span> College, New Haven, Conn., an original sketch of Major
+  André, executed by himself with pen and ink, and without the aid of a
+  glass. It was drawn in his guard-room on the morning of the day first
+  fixed for his execution.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. E.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. viii., p. 182.).&mdash;<span class="sc">A
+  Doubter</span> is informed that the <i>National Intelligencer</i>
+  (published at Washington, and edited by Messrs. Gales and Seaton) is the
+  authority for my statement respecting Mrs. Singleton, and her advanced
+  age. If <span class="sc">A Doubter</span> is desirous of satisfying
+  himself more fully respecting its correctness, he has but <!-- Page 400
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page400"></a>{400}</span>to write to
+  the above-named gentlemen, or to the English Consul at Charleston, S.&nbsp;C.,
+  and his wish will doubtless be gratified. I cannot but hope that your
+  correspondent's "fifty cents worth of reasons" for doubting my statement
+  is now, or shortly will be, removed.</p>
+
+  <p>If <span class="sc">A Doubter</span> intends to be in New York while
+  the present Exhibition is open, he will have an opportunity of seeing a
+  negro of the age of <i>one hundred and twenty-four</i>, who once belonged
+  to General Washington, and from whom he could very possibly obtain some
+  information respecting the aged "nurse" of the first President of the
+  United States mentioned in his note.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Passage in Virgil</i> (Vol. viii., p. 370.).&mdash;The passage for
+  which your correspondent <span class="sc">R. Fitzsimons</span> makes
+  inquiry is to be found in the Eighth Eclogue, at the 44th and following
+  lines:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nunc scio quid sit Amor," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The application by Johnson seems to be so plain as to need no
+  explanation.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. B&mdash;w.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  292.).&mdash;Your correspondent H.&nbsp;P. will find the love charm,
+  consisting of a fig-shaped excrescence on a foal's forehead, and called
+  <i>Hippomanes</i>, alluded to by Juvenal, <i>Sat.</i> <span
+  class="scac">VI.</span> 133.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Hippomanes, carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum,</p>
+      <p>Privignoque datum?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And again, 615.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"ut avunculus ille Neronis,</p>
+      <p>Cui totam tremuli frontem Cæsonia pulli</p>
+      <p>Infudit."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>It was supposed that the dam swallowed this excrescence immediately on
+  the birth of her foal, and that, if prevented doing so, she lost all
+  affection for it.</p>
+
+  <p>However, the name Hippomanes was applied to two other things.
+  Theocritus (<span class="scac">II.</span> 48.) uses it to signify some
+  herb which incites horses to madness if they eat of it.</p>
+
+  <p>And again, Virgil (<i>Geor.</i> <span class="scac">III.</span> 280.),
+  Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, &amp;c., represent it as a certain
+  <i>virus</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Hippomanes cupidæ stillat ab inguine equæ."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The subject is an unpleasant one, and H.&nbsp;P. is referred for farther
+  information to Pliny, <span class="scac">VIII.</span> 42. s. 66., and
+  <span class="scac">XXVIII.</span> 11. s. 80.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C. K.</p>
+
+  <p>This lump was called <i>Hippomanes</i>; which also more truly
+  designated, according to Virgil, another thing. The following paragraphs
+  from Mr. Keightley's excellent <i>Notes on Virgil's Bucolics and
+  Georgics</i> will fully explain both meanings:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Hippomanes</i>, horse-rage: the pale yellow fluid which passes
+  from a mare at that season [<i>i.&nbsp;e.</i> when she is horsing] (cf.
+  <i>Tibul.</i> <span class="scac">II.</span> 4. 58.), of which the smell
+  (<i>aura</i>, v. 251.) incites the horse.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Vero nomine.</i> Because the bit of flesh which was said to be on
+  the forehead of the new-born foal, and which the mare was supposed to
+  swallow, was called by the same name (see <i>Æn.</i> <span
+  class="scac">IV.</span> 515.); and also a plant in Arcadia
+  (<i>Theocr.</i> <span class="scac">II.</span> 48.). With respect to the
+  former Hippomanes, Pliny, who detailed truth and falsehood with equal
+  faith, says (<span class="scac">VIII.</span> 42.) that it grows on the
+  foal's forehead; is of the size of a dried fig (<i>carica</i>), and of a
+  black colour; and that if the mare does not swallow it immediately, she
+  will not let the foal suck her. Aristotle (<i>H.&nbsp;A.</i>, <span
+  class="scac">VIII.</span> 24.) says this is merely an old wives' tale. He
+  mentions, however, the <span title="pôlion" class="grk"
+  >&pi;&#x1F7D;&lambda;&iota;&omicron;&nu;</span>, or bit of livid flesh,
+  which we call the foal's bit, and which he says the mare ejects before
+  the foal."&mdash;<i>Notes, &amp;c.</i>, p. 273. on <i>Georgic.</i> <span
+  class="scac">III.</span> 280. ff.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>With regard to the plant called <i>Hippomanes</i>, commentators, as
+  may be seen from Kiessling's note on Theocritus, ii. 48., are by no means
+  agreed. Certainly Andrews, in his edition of Freund, is wrong in
+  referring Virgil <i>Georgic.</i> <span class="scac">III.</span> 283. to
+  that meaning. The use of <i>legere</i> probably misled.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. S. Jackson.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Wardhouse, where was?</i> (Vol. viii., p. 78.).&mdash;It probably
+  is the same as Wardoehuus or Vardoehus, a district and town in Norwegian
+  Finmark, on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, inhabited principally by
+  fishermen.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. C. Trevelyan.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Wallington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Divining Rod</i> (Vol. viii., p. 293.).&mdash;The inquirer should
+  read the statement made by Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his letters <i>On the
+  Truths contained in Popular Superstitions</i>, 1851, pp. 3-21. To the
+  facts there recorded I may add, that I have heard Mr. Dawson Turner
+  relate that he himself saw the experiment of the divining rod
+  satisfactorily carried out in the hands of Lady Noel Byron; and some
+  account of it is to be found, I believe, in an article by Sir F.
+  Palgrave, in the <i>Quarterly Review</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&mu;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle</i> (Vol. viii., p. 271.).&mdash;His arms
+  are engraved on a plate dedicated to him by Willis, in his <i>Survey of
+  the Cathedrals of England</i>, 1742, vol. i. p. 284., and appear thus,
+  <i>Argent, on a chevron gules, three besants</i>; but in a MS. collection
+  by the late Canon Rowling of Lichfield, relating to bishops' arms, I find
+  his coat thus given,&mdash;<i>Argent, on a chevron engrailed gules, three
+  besants</i>. The variation may have arisen from an error of the engraver.
+  It appears from Willis that Dr. Waugh was a fellow of Queen's College,
+  Oxford; and the entry of his matriculation would no doubt show in what
+  part of England his family resided. He was successively Rector of St.
+  Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean of Gloucester; and Bishop
+  of <!-- Page 401 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page401"></a>{401}</span>Carlisle; to which latter dignity he was
+  promoted in August, 1723.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="grk">&mu;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pagoda</i> (Vol. v., p. 415.).&mdash;The European word pagoda is
+  most probably derived, by transposition of the syllables, from
+  <i>da-go-ba</i>, which is the Pali or Sanscrit name for a Budhist temple.
+  It appears probable that the Portuguese first adopted the word in Ceylon,
+  the modern holy isle of Budhism.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ph.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Rangoon.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Ford's Handbook of Spain.</span> Vol. I.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Austin Cheironomia.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Rev. E. Irving's Orations on Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Thomas Gardener's History of Dunwich.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Marsh's History of Hursley and Baddesley.</span> About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Oswalli Crollii Opera.</span> 12mo. Geneva, 1635.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<p class="cenhead">PAMPHLETS.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Junius Discovered.</span> By P.&nbsp;T. Published about 1789.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Reasons for rejecting the Evidence of Mr. Almon</span>, &amp;c. 1807.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Another Guess at Junius.</span> Hookham. 1809.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">The Author of Junius Discovered.</span> Longmans. 1821.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">The Claims of Sir P. Francis refuted.</span> Longmans. 1822.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Who was Junius?</span> Glynn. 1837.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Some New Facts</span>, &amp;c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">A Register of Elections</span>, by H.&nbsp;S. Smith, of Leeds (published in Parts).</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">James' Naval History.</span> Vols. III., IV., and V. 8vo. 6-Vol. Edition by Bentley.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>Mr. J. Howes</i>, Stonham-Aspall, Suffolk.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Monuments and Genii of St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey</span>, by G.&nbsp;L. Smith. London. J. Williams. 1826. Vol. I.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>Charles Reed</i>, Paternoster Row.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Dr. Pettingall's Tract on Jury Trial, 1769.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>Mr. T. Stephens</i>, Merthyr Tydfil.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">History of the Old and New Testament</span>, by Prideaux. Vol. I. 1717-18.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Historical Memoirs of Queens of England</span>, by Hannah Lawrence. Vol. II.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Jardine's Naturalist's Library.</span> First Edition. All except first 13 Volumes.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Peter Simple.</span> Illustrated Edition. Saunders and Otley. Vols. II. and III.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">History and Antiquities of Somersetshire</span>, by Rev. W. Phelps. 1839. All except Parts I., II., III., V., VI., VII., and VIII.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>John Garland</i>, Solicitor, Dorchester.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Pointer's Britannia Romana.</span> Oxford, 1724.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Pointer's Account of a Roman Pavement at Stunsfield, Oxon.</span> Oxford, 1713.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Roman Stations in Britain.</span> London, 1726.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">A Survey of Roman Antiquities in some Midland Counties.</span> London, 1726.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>Rev. J. W. Hewett</i>, Bloxham, Banbury.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Theobald's Shakspeare Restored.</span> 4to. 1726.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">G. Macropedii, Hecastus, Fabula.</span> Antwerp, 1539. 8vo.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>William J. Thoms</i>, 25. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Indications of Spring</span>, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., F.R.S.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">The Village Curate</span>, by Hurdis.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Calendar of Flora</span>, by Stillingfleete.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">Wanted by <i>J. B. Whitborne</i>, 54. Russell Terrace, Leamington.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Wanted.</span>&mdash;<i>We believe that
+  gentlemen in want of particular books, either by way of loan or purchase,
+  would find great facilities in obtaining them if their names and
+  addresses were published, so that parties having the books might
+  communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on this belief, we
+  shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law respecting
+  advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire to avail
+  themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and
+  addresses&mdash;unless specially requested not to do so.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">All Communications</span> <i>should be addressed to
+  the Editor, to the care of</i> Mr. Bell, 186. Fleet Street. <i>They
+  should be</i> distinctly <i>written; and care should be taken that all
+  Quotations are copied with accuracy; and in all cases of References to
+  Books the editions referred to should be specified. Every distinct
+  subject should form a separate communication; all inquiries respecting
+  communications forwarded for insertion should specify the subjects of
+  such communications.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Our Prospectus</span> <i>has been reprinted at the
+  suggestion of several Correspondents, and we shall be happy to forward
+  copies to any friends who may desire to assist us by circulating
+  them.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>We have just received the following communication:</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>"Binocular Compound Microscope.</i>&mdash;Will you allow me an
+  <i>exiguum</i> of your periodical for the purpose of explaining a seeming
+  plagiarism at page 32. of my <i>Essay on the Stereoscope</i>? I have just
+  seen, for the first time, the October number of the <i>Journal of
+  Microscopical Science</i>, whereby I learn that Mr. Wenham and Mr.
+  Riddell have anticipated me in the theory of the <i>Binocular Compound
+  Microscope</i>. Up to this time I was not aware of the fact that the
+  subject had received the attention it deserves, and my own suggestions,
+  founded upon a series of careful experiments made during the last eight
+  months, were thrown out for the simple purpose of calling attention to
+  the utility and practicability of a <i>Binocular Compound
+  Microscope</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham."</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Old Grumbleton.</span>&mdash;<i>We believe the real
+  origin of the phrase</i> By hook or by crook <i>to be the "right of
+  taking</i> fire-bote by hook or by crook," <i>as explained in</i> "N.
+  &amp; Q.," Vol. i., p. 405. <i>Much curious illustration of the phrase
+  will be found in our earlier volumes.</i></p>
+
+  <p>H. H. (Glasgow). <i>We cannot give the receipt you ask for. Brunswick
+  black, which you will have no difficulty in procuring, answers very
+  well.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Ponders End.</span>&mdash;<i>The syllable</i> ness,
+  <i>in Sheerness, is the French</i> nez <i>and the Danish</i> næs, "<i>a
+  point or tongue of land</i>."</p>
+
+  <p>W. J. E. C. <i>has, we fear, only lately become a reader of</i> "N.
+  &amp; Q.," <i>or he would have remembered the numerous communications in
+  our pages on the subject of the pronunciation of</i> Cowper's <i>name.
+  The poet was called Cooper.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Sol.</span> <i>Sir D. Brewster's</i> Treatise on
+  Optics, <i>price 3s. 6d., published by Longman.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Party who won't</span>, &amp;c. <i>We are sorry to
+  say we cannot alter the arrangement referred to.</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. S. S. E. <i>It is impossible for us to undertake to insert a Query
+  in the same week in which it is received.</i></p>
+
+  <p>P. T. (Stoke Newington). <i>The communication respecting the</i>
+  Cotton Family <i>has been forwarded to</i> R.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;C.</p>
+
+  <p>J. M. <i>will find his Query respecting</i> Après moi le Déluge <i>has
+  been anticipated by Mr. Douglas Jerrold in our</i> 3rd Vol., p. 299.
+  <i>Proofs of its antiquity are given in the same volume</i>, p. 397.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Errata.</i>&mdash;Vol. viii., p. 132. col. 2. l. 14., for
+  "Britannica" read "Britannia;" p. 280. col. 2. l. 5., for "lower" read
+  "cower;" p. 315. col. 1. l. ult., for "Sprawley" read "Shrawley;" p. 360.
+  col. 1. l. 35., dele "Hamsah;" p. 364. col. 2. l. 27., for "1653" read
+  "1753."</p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii.,
+  <i>price Three Guineas and a Half.&mdash;Copies are being made up and may
+  be had by order.</i> <!-- Page 402 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page402"></a>{402}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>APPARATUS FOR INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE.&mdash;Special Report on Grants
+  to aid in the Purchase of Apparatus for Instruction in Science. By the
+  REV. H. MOSELEY, M.A., F.R.S., Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools,
+  &amp;c., Jan. 5th, 1853.&mdash;<i>Minutes of the Committee of Council on
+  Education.</i></p>
+
+  <p>JOHN J. GRIFFIN, F.C.S., begs to announce to Schoolmasters and the
+  friends of Scientific Education, that the APPARATUS described in the
+  above Report, as of his Manufacture, is arranged for Public Inspection at
+  his Establishments, No. 10. Finsbury Square, and 119. &amp; 120. Bunhill
+  Row (removed from Baker Street), London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description
+  of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of</p>
+
+  <p>PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus,</p>
+
+  <p>DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling
+  requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two
+  Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+  <p>J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 18. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+  Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p>
+
+  <p>7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.</p>
+
+  <p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan
+  of this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained
+  with perfect Security.</p>
+
+  <p>Interest payable in January and July.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>PETER MORRISON,</p>
+      <p>Managing Director.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Prospectuses free on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,&mdash;25. CANNON STREET,
+  CITY.&mdash;The Advantages offered by this Society are Security, Economy,
+  and lower Rates of Premium than most other Offices.</p>
+
+  <p>No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies
+  indisputable.</p>
+
+  <p>Loans granted to Policy-holders.</p>
+
+  <p>For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low
+  as 20<i>l.</i> at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.</p>
+
+  <p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application
+  to</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,</p>
+      <p>HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, in 8vo., price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A FIFTH LETTER to the REV. DR. MAITLAND on the GENUINENESS of the
+  WRITINGS ascribed to CYPRIAN, BISHOP of CARTHAGE. By the REV. E.&nbsp;J.
+  SHEPHERD, M.A., Rector of Luddesdown; Author of the "History of the
+  Church of Rome to the End of the Episcopate of Damasus."</p>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN &amp; LONGMANS.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>On the 1st November, 16 pp. crown 4to., price Threehalfpence.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE. A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science,
+  the Fine Arts, &amp;c., &amp;c., devoted to the Religious, Moral,
+  Physical, and Social Elevation of the Working Classes. Under the
+  Superintendence of a Committee.</p>
+
+  <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Advertisements received until the 21st.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Collection of Autograph Letters.</p>
+
+  <p>PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Wednesday, October
+  26th, a Small but very Interesting Collection of Autograph Letters and
+  Historical Papers: amongst which are Two Holograph Letters of Oliver
+  Cromwell, many others signed by him; a Letter of Richard Cromwell; a
+  Holograph Letter of Martin Luther; many Interesting and Rare Letters
+  connected with the History of Denmark and Sweden, relating to the affair
+  of Count Struensee, &amp;c.&mdash;Catalogues will be sent on
+  application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHARACTER FROM HANDWRITING.&mdash;MR. WARREN, of 9. Great College
+  Street, Westminster, continues, with great success, to Delineate the
+  Character of Individuals from their Handwriting. All Persons desirous of
+  testing his Art, are invited to forward a Specimen of their ordinary
+  Writing, together with Thirteen Postage Stamps, and a mention of their
+  Sex and Age, to the above Address.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>DEAFNESS, CHRONIC OR ACUTE NERVOUS DEAFNESS, SINGING NOISES AND PAINS
+  IN THE EARS.</p>
+
+  <p>A NEW DISCOVERY FOR RESTORING HEARING, proved to be perfectly
+  infallible, by which many thousands of sufferers have been instantly
+  enabled to hear the human voice in a low tone without causing one
+  instant's pain, inconvenience, or trouble to a child, or aged nervous
+  sufferer of either sex. This truly important discovery for the cure of
+  deafness, obviating as it does all the former dangerous and fatal
+  operations, has been made by the eminent aurist, DR. DAVID THOMAS, ten
+  years Consulting Surgeon, at 14. Stroud Street, Dover, the first
+  application of which gives immediate relief, restoring the hearing in the
+  most confirmed stages of deafness, whether from old age, nervousness, or
+  any predisposing cause, to which children and adults are subject, and
+  from which deafness follows the heavy affliction of noises in the head
+  and ears, immediately removed by its use. Each sufferer can apply it
+  himself: the proof and result being instantly convincing, as it enables
+  the previously deaf person to hear common tone conversation, who before
+  could only be made to hear by loud shouting in the ear, or by means of a
+  powerful ear-trumpet. It has been applied by the Doctor on hundreds of
+  suffering applicants at most of the ear infirmaries and hospitals, with
+  perfect success, and in many thousands of cases to whom he has sent it
+  many had not heard the human voice for half their life, and some not at
+  all, who by its use alone are now perfectly restored to hearing and the
+  society of their fellow-creatures, and enabled to hear distinctly in a
+  place of worship.&mdash;Applicants who send a written statement of their
+  case by letter, inclosing postage stamps or money order for 7<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i>, directed to DR. DAVID THOMAS, M.R.C.S.L., 14. Stroud Street,
+  Dover, Kent, will receive the means of cure by return of post, with full
+  directions for use. Personal consultation for deafness.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, 12mo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i> Second Edition.</p>
+
+  <p>MANUAL OF ASTRONOMY, by JOHN DREW, F.R.A.S., Ph. D.&mdash;This work,
+  which is illustrated by 70 engravings on wood and stone, is intended for
+  readers who are not extensively acquainted with mathematics. It conveys a
+  general knowledge of the stupendous phenomena of nature, including all
+  the modern discoveries down to the present time; directs those who
+  possess telescopes how to use them, what objects to look for in the
+  heavens, and where they are to be found; and gives familiar directions
+  for the use and adjustment of the transit instrument, astronomical
+  circle, and equatorial. It is peculiarly fitted for a text-book in
+  schools, and is a good introduction for those who wish to obtain a
+  knowledge of the present state of astronomical science.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A very good little manual, with a number of well-engraved maps and
+  diagrams, and written in a brief and clear style, yet with sufficient
+  fulness to preserve it from dryness."&mdash;<i>Guardian.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Second Edition, considerably enlarged, 14<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>VARRONIANUS: a Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography
+  of Ancient Italy, and the Philological Study of the Latin Language. By
+  J.&nbsp;W. DONALDSON, D.D., Head Master of King Edward's Grammar School, Bury
+  St. Edmund's.</p>
+
+  <p>By the same Author, Second Edition, 8vo. much enlarged,
+  18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE NEW CRATYLUS; Contributions towards a more Accurate Knowledge of
+  the Greek Language.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON. Cambridge: DEIGHTON.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Cheap Editions, crown 8vo., 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, of</p>
+
+  <p>ARCHBISHOP WHATELY'S LOGIC.</p>
+
+  <p>WHATELY'S RHETORIC.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, demy 8vo. Editions of WHATELY'S LOGIC AND RHETORIC (10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> each); printed uniformly with the Author's other Works.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Post 8vo., 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THEOPHILI EPISCOPI ANTIOCHENSIS LIBRI TRES AD AUTOLYCUM. Edidit
+  Prolegomenis Versione Notulis Indicibus Instruxit GULIELMUS GILSON
+  HUMPHRY, S.T.B., Collegi Sanctiss. Trin. Ap. Cantabrigienses Socius.
+  Jussu Syndicorum Preli Academici, Cantabrigiæ.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CRABB'S DICTIONARY.</p>
+
+  <p>The Fifth Edition, corrected, enlarged, and brought down to the
+  present time, by the REV. HENRY DAVIS, M.A., illustrated with 700
+  Engravings. Crown 8vo., cloth, price 9<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A DICTIONARY OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, comprising an Explanation of Words
+  and Things connected with Literature and Science, &amp;c., by GEORGE
+  CRABB, A.M.</p>
+
+  <p>London: WILLIAM TEGG &amp; CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published,</p>
+
+  <p>THE SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY, No. IV., price Fourpence; or by post on
+  receipt of Six Stamps, containing the following highly interesting
+  Articles:&mdash;-viz. Shakspeare and the Spanish
+  Invasion&mdash;Shakspeare, the Poet Catholic&mdash;Old Notes on
+  Shakspeare (now first published)&mdash;Bartholomew Fair in Edward the
+  Second's Reign&mdash;German Works on Shakspeare, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. <!--
+  Page 403 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page403"></a>{403}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+  <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Trustees.</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing
+  Cross.</p>
+
+  <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  on the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>£</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.&mdash;An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+  celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+  the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission
+  6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea;
+  Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.&mdash;Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and
+  Cheapest. To be had in great variety at</p>
+
+  <p>M<sup>c</sup>MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Price List Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &amp;c.&mdash;BARRY, DU BARRY
+  &amp; CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</p>
+
+  <p>THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual
+  remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves
+  fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic,
+  intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted,
+  dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrh&oelig;a, acidity,
+  heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of
+  the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during
+  pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the
+  aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de
+  Decies:&mdash;"I have derived considerable benefit from your Revalenta
+  Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to
+  authorise the publication of these lines.&mdash;<span class="sc">Stuart
+  de Decies</span>."</p>
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 49,832:&mdash;"Fifty years' indescribable agony from
+  dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms,
+  sickness at the stomach and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's
+  excellent food.&mdash;<span class="sc">Maria Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling,
+  near Diss, Norfolk."</p>
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 180:&mdash;"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation,
+  indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery and
+  which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured by
+  Du Barry's food in a very short time.&mdash;<span class="sc">W.&nbsp;R.
+  Reeves</span>, Pool Anthony, Tiverton."</p>
+
+  <p>Cure, No. 4,208:&mdash;"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility,
+  with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the
+  advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious
+  food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+  inquiries.&mdash;<span class="sc">Rev. John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington
+  Rectory, Norfolk."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Bonn, July 19, 1852.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent,
+  nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all
+  kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body,
+  as also diarrh&oelig;a, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and
+  bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of
+  the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and
+  hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most
+  satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints,
+  where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and
+  bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the
+  troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the
+  conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of
+  incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer</span>,</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M. D.</p>
+      <p>in Bonn."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>London Agents:&mdash;Fortnum, Mason &amp; Co., 182. Piccadilly,
+  purveyors to Her Majesty the Queen; Hedges &amp; Butler, 155. Regent
+  Street; and through all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine
+  venders. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, and with full
+  instructions, 1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>;
+  5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. 22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>;
+  10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of
+  Post-office order.&mdash;Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Important Caution</span>.&mdash;Many invalids having
+  been seriously injured by spurious imitations under closely similar
+  names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to
+  see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, Du
+  Barry</span> &amp; Co., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, <i>without
+  which none is genuine</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions (comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &amp;c.)
+  may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be
+  procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the
+  practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Catalogues may be had on application.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289.
+  Strand. have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.&mdash;OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED
+  FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the
+  Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to
+  any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for
+  taking either Views or Portraits.&mdash;The Trade supplied.</p>
+
+  <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing
+  Frames, &amp;c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace,
+  Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>New Inventions, Models, &amp;c., made to order or from Drawings.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, in Complete Sets, in Portable Cabinets, at
+  moderate prices.</p>
+
+  <p>SMALL SET, price 7<i>l.</i> 7<i>s.</i>, containing every requisite for
+  taking Landscapes and Pictures of inanimate objects, to a size not
+  exceeding 7 by 6 inches.</p>
+
+  <p>LARGE SET, price 11<i>l.</i>, for Pictures up to 10 by 8
+  inches.&mdash;N.&nbsp;B. A Collodion Picture made by each set is given with
+  it, to show the quality of the Lenses.</p>
+
+  <p>Every article for taking either Landscapes or Portraits on Silver,
+  Paper, or Glass, may be had of the undersigned. An illustrated priced
+  Catalogue of Photographic Apparatus, price 3<i>d.</i>, Post Free.</p>
+
+  <p>JOHN J. GRIFFIN, Chemist and Optician. 10. Finsbury Square
+  (Manufactory, 119. and 120. Bunhill Row), removed from Baker Street,
+  London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CYANOGEN SOAP, for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware
+  of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable
+  detergent. The genuine is made only by the inventor, and is secured with
+  a red label pasted round each pot, bearing this signature and
+  address:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic
+  Chemicals, 10. Pall Mall, and may be procured of all respectable Chemists
+  in pots at 1<i>s.</i>, 2<i>s.</i>, and 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each,
+  through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard, and MESSRS. BARCLAY
+  &amp; CO., Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. <!-- Page 404 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page404"></a>{404}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHEAP AND POPULAR EDITIONS OF STANDARD AUTHORS.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ABERCROMBIE'S INTELLECTUAL POWERS. 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>ABERCROMBIE ON THE MORAL FEELINGS. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>DAVY'S SALMONIA. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>DAVY'S CONSOLATIONS IN TRAVEL. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>REV. GEORGE CRABBE'S LIFE. 3<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>COLERIDGE'S TABLE-TALK. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>COLERIDGE'S GREEK CLASSIC POETS. 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>BELL ON THE HAND. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>WILKINSON'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. (Shortly.)</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>JESSE'S GLEANINGS IN NATURAL HISTORY. 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>JESSE'S SCENES AND OCCUPATIONS OF COUNTRY LIFE. (Shortly.)</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>PHILOSOPHY IN SPORT. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>SOMERVILLE'S PHYSICAL SCIENCES. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>SOMERVILLE'S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 12<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>JAMES' EDITION OF ÆSOP'S FABLES. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>HEBER'S POETICAL WORKS. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>REJECTED ADDRESSES. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. 8 vols. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. 5 vols. 6<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVI., is published THIS DAY.</p>
+
+  <p>Contents:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>&nbsp;  &nbsp;I. THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; II. MURDER OF THOMAS A BECKET.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;III. THE DAUPHIN IN THE TEMPLE.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;IV. THE HOLY PLACES.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; V. DIARY OF CASAUBON.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;VI. ELECTRO-BIOLOGY, MESMERISM, AND TABLE-TURNING.</p>
+      <p>VII. LIFE OF HAYDON.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, MURRAYS MODERN DOMESTIC COOKERY BOOK. A New and Cheaper
+  Edition, most carefully revised and improved. With 100 Woodcuts. Price
+  FIVE SHILLINGS, strongly bound.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Of this Popular Work more than 210,000 Copies have been sold.</p>
+
+  <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>NOTICE.</h3>
+
+<h2>CHEAP RE-ISSUE OF EVELYN'S
+DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE.</h2>
+
+<p class="cenhead">IN FOUR MONTHLY VOLUMES, price only 6<i>s.</i> each, bound, printed uniformly with the last
+edition of "Pepys' Diary."</p>
+
+  <p>On the 1st of November, with the Magazines, will be published, the
+  First Volume of the Cheap Re-Issue of the New, Revised Edition of "THE
+  DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE OF JOHN EVELYN, F.R.S.;" comprising all the
+  important additional Notes, Letters, and other Illustrations last made,
+  consequent on the re-examination of the original MS.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We rejoice to welcome this beautiful and compact edition of
+  Evelyn&mdash;one of the most valuable and interesting works in the
+  language&mdash;now deservedly regarded as an English
+  classic."&mdash;<i>Examiner</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>"This work is a necessary companion to the popular histories of our
+  country&mdash;to Hume, Hallam, Macaulay, and
+  Lingard."&mdash;<i>Sun</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his successors, HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  13. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.</p>
+
+  <p>This Day, with Woodcuts, fcap. 8vo., 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HISTORY OF THE GUILLOTINE. By the RIGHT HON. JOHN WILSON CROKER.
+  Reprinted, with Additions, from "The Quarterly Review."</p>
+
+  <p>The last Volume published, contained&mdash;</p>
+
+  <p>ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS: HISTORICAL AND ROMANTIC. By J.&nbsp;G.
+  LOCKHART.</p>
+
+  <p>To be followed by&mdash; POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By
+  SIR J.&nbsp;G. WILKINSON. With 500 Woodcuts.</p>
+
+  <p>JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, demy 8vo. pp. 129, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE PRISON AND THE SCHOOL. The Chief ascertained Causes of Crime
+  considered, with Suggestions for the Care, Relief, and Reformation of the
+  Neglected, Destitute, and Criminal Children of the Metropolis. By EDMUND
+  EDWARD ANTROBUS, F.S.A., Justice of the Peace for the County of
+  Middlesex, and City and Liberty of Westminster; Visiting Justice of the
+  House of Correction, Westminster.</p>
+
+  <p>London: STAUNTON &amp; SONS, 9. Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now ready, post 8vo., cloth, price 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>CURIOSITIES OF LONDON LIFE; or Phases, Physiological and Social, of
+  the Great Metropolis. By C.&nbsp;M. SMITH, Author of "The Working Man's Way in
+  the World." May be had at all the Libraries.</p>
+
+  <p>Just published, post 8vo., cloth, price 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE WORKING MAN'S WAY IN THE WORLD; or the AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A
+  JOURNEYMAN PRINTER.</p>
+
+  <p>London: W.&amp; F.&nbsp;G. CASH, 5. Bishopsgate Street Without.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>COMPLETION OF THE WORK, cloth 1<i>s.</i>; by post, 1<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i>, pp. 192.&mdash;WELSH SKETCHES, THIRD (and last) SERIES. By
+  the Author of "Proposals for Christian Union." Contents: 1. Edward the
+  Black Prince. 2. Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales. 3. Mediæval Bardism. 4.
+  The Welsh Church.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the
+  principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our
+  island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and language
+  still linger."&mdash;<i>Notes and Queries</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn
+  Fields.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>NEW EDITION OF THE ANABASIS BY ARNOLD AND BROWNE.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, in 12mo., price 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>XENOPHON'S ANABASIS. With ENGLISH NOTES, translated (with Additions)
+  from the German of DR. HERTLEIN, by the late REV. T.&nbsp;K. ARNOLD, M.A.,
+  Rector of Lyndon, and the REV. HENRY BROWNE, M.A., Canon of Chichester.
+  (Forming a New Volume of Arnold's "School Classics.")</p>
+
+  <p>Books IV. to VII. of this Edition are contained in Mr. Arnold's
+  "Fourth Greek Book."</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.</p>
+
+  <p>Lately published, by the same Editor, VIRGILII ÆNEIS. With English
+  Notes from Dübner. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BISHOP BUTLER'S REMAINS.</p>
+
+  <p>In 8vo., price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> (by post 1<i>s.</i>
+  10<i>d.</i>)</p>
+
+  <p>SOME REMAINS (hitherto unpublished) of JOSEPH BUTLER, LL.D., sometime
+  Lord Bishop of Durham, Author of "The Analogy of Religion."</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PIFFERI AND TURNER'S NEW INTRODUCTION TO ITALIAN.</p>
+
+  <p>In 12mo., price 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE FIRST ITALIAN BOOK: on the Plan of the REV. T.&nbsp;K. ARNOLD'S First
+  French Book. By SIGNOR PIFFERI, Professor of Italian, and DAWSON W.
+  TURNER, M.A., Head Master of the Royal Institution School, Liverpool.</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place.</p>
+
+  <p>Of whom may be had, by the late REV. T.&nbsp;K. ARNOLD, M.A.</p>
+
+  <p>1. THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK, on the Plan of Henry's First Latin Book.
+  Third Edition. 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>2. THE FIRST GERMAN BOOK, upon the same Plan. Third Edition.
+  5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE STEREOSCOPE,</p>
+
+  <p>Considered in relation to the Philosophy of Binocular Vision. An
+  Essay, by C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>London: WALTON &amp; MABERLEY, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane,
+  Paternoster Row. Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, by the same Author, price 1<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr.
+  Thomas Reid.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nothing in my opinion can be more cogent than your refutation of M.
+  Jobert."&mdash;<i>Sir W. Hamilton.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER, West Strand. Cambridge: E. JOHNSON.
+  Birmingham: H.&nbsp;C. LANGBRIDGE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, October
+  22. 1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October
+22, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 ***
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+</body>
+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,3620 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22,
+1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 208, October 22, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 3, 2008 [EBook #26767]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES, QUERIES, OCTOBER 22, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: on page 399, "Yule College" in the original is
+corrected to "Yale College".
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{381}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 208.]
+SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                 Page
+
+  A Prophet                                                 381
+
+  FOLK LORE:--Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire--New
+  Brunswick Folk Lore--North Lincolnshire Folk
+  Lore--Portuguese Folk Lore                                382
+
+  Pope and Cowper, By J. Yeowell                            383
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by Patrick Muirson, &c.        383
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Judicial Families--Derivation of
+  "Topsy Turvy"--Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias--
+  "Mary, weep no more for me"--Epitaph at Wood
+  Ditton--Pictorial Pun                                     384
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Sir Thomas Button's Voyage, 1612, by John Petheram        385
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--The Words "Cash" and "Mob"
+  --"History of Jesus Christ"--Quantity of the Latin
+  Termination -anus--Webb and Walker Families--
+  Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes"--Point of Etiquette
+  --Napoleon's Spelling--Trench on Proverbs--Rings
+  formerly worn by Ecclesiastics--Butler's "Lives of
+  the Saints"--Marriage of Cousins--Castle Thorpe,
+  Bucks--Where was Edward II. killed?--Encore--
+  Amcotts' Pedigree--Blue Bell: Blue Anchor--
+  "We've parted for the longest time"--Matthew
+  Lewis--Paradise Lost--Colonel Hyde Seymour--
+  Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire--Poems published at
+  Manchester--Handel's Dettingen Te Deum--
+  Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart.                 386
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--The Ligurian Sage
+  --Gresebrok in Yorkshire--Stillingfleet's Library--
+  The whole System of Law--Saint Malachy on the
+  Popes--Work on the Human Figure                           389
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  "Namby Pamby," and other Words of the same Form           390
+  Earl of Oxford                                            392
+  Picts' Houses                                             392
+  Pronunciation of "Humble"                                 393
+  School Libraries                                          395
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Albumenized Paper
+  --Cement for Glass Baths--New Process for Positive
+  Proofs                                                    395
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--The Groaning Elmplank
+  in Dublin--Passage in Whiston--"When
+  Orpheus went down"--Foreign Medical Education
+  --"Short red, good red"--Collar of SS.--Who first
+  thought of Table-turning--Passage of Thucydides on
+  the Greek Factions--Origin of "Clipper" as applied
+  to Vessels--Passage in Tennyson--Huet's Navigations
+  of Solomon--Sincere--The Saltpetre Man--
+  Major Andre--Longevity--Passage in Virgil--Love
+  Charm from a Foal's Forehead--Wardhouse, where
+  was?--Divining Rod--Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle--
+  Pagoda                                                    397
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                              401
+  Notices to Correspondents                                 401
+  Advertisements                                            402
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+A PROPHET.
+
+What a curious book would be "Our Prophets and Enthusiasts!" The literary
+and biographical records of the vaticinators, and the heated spirits who,
+after working upon the fears of the timid, and exciting the imaginations of
+the weak, have flitted into oblivion! As a specimen of the odd characters
+such a work would embrace, allow me to introduce to your readers Thomas
+Newans, a Shropshire farmer, who unhappily took it into his head that his
+visit to the lower sphere was on a special mission.
+
+Mr. Newans is the author of a book entitled _A Key to the Prophecies of the
+Old and New Testament_; showing (among other impending events) "The
+approaching Invasion of England;" "The Extirpation of Popery and
+Mahometisme;" "The Restoration of the Jews," and "The Millennium." London:
+printed for the Author (who attests the genuineness of my copy by his
+signature), 1747.
+
+In this misfitted key he relates how, in a vision, he was invested with the
+prophetic mantle:
+
+    "In the year 1723, in the night," says Mr. Newans, "I fell into a
+    dream, and seemed to be riding on the road into the county of Cheshire.
+    When I was got about eight miles from home, my horse made a stop on the
+    road; and it seemed a dark night, and on a sudden there shone a light
+    before me on the ground, which was as bright as when the sun shines at
+    noon-day. In the middle of that bright circle stood a child in white.
+    It spoke, and told me that I must go into Cheshire, and I should find a
+    man with uncommon marks upon his feet, which should be a warning to me
+    to believe; and that the year after I should have a cow that would
+    calve a calf with his heart growing out of his body in a wonderful
+    manner, as a token of what should come to pass; and that a terrible war
+    would break out in Europe, and in fourteen years after the token it
+    would extend to England."
+
+In compliance with his supernatural communication, our farmer proceeded to
+Cheshire, where he found the man indicated; and, a year after, his own farm
+stock was increased by the birth of a calf with his heart growing out. And
+after taking his family, of seven, to witness to the truth of {382} what he
+describes, he adds with great simplicity: "So then I rode to London to
+acquaint the ministers of state of the approaching danger!"
+
+This story of the calf with the heart growing out, is not a bad type of the
+worthy grazier himself, and his _hearty_ and burning zeal for the
+Protestant faith. Mr. Newans distinctly and repeatedly predicts that these
+"two beastly religions," _i. e._ the Popish and Mahomedan, will be totally
+extirpated within seven years! And "I have," says he, "for almost twenty
+years past, travelled to London and back again into the country, near fifty
+journies, and every journey was two hundred and fifty miles, to acquaint
+the ministers of state and several of the bishops, and other divines, with
+the certainty, danger, and manner of the war" which was to bring this
+about. Commenting on the story of Balaam, our prophet says: "And now the
+world is grown so full of sin and wickedness, that if a dumb ass should
+speak with a man's voice, they would scarce repent:" and I conclude that
+the said statesmen and divines did not estimate these prophetic warnings
+much higher than the brayings of that quadruped which they turned out to
+be. Mr. Newan professes to gave penned these vaticinations in the year
+1744, twenty-one years after the date of his vision; so that he had ample
+time to mature them. What would the farmer say were he favoured with a peep
+at our world in 1853, with its Mussulman system unbroken; and its cardinal,
+archbishops, and Popish bishops firmly established in the very heart of
+Protestant England?
+
+J. O.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Folk Lore in Cambridgeshire._--About twenty years ago, at Hildersham,
+there was a custom of ringing the church bell at five o'clock in the
+leasing season. The cottagers then repaired to the fields to glean; but
+none went out before the bell was rung. The bell tolled again in the
+evening as a signal for all to return home. I would add a Query, Is this
+custom continued; and is it to be met with in any other place?
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+_New Brunswick Folk Lore_:--_Common Notions respecting Teeth._--Among the
+lower orders and negroes, and also among young children of respectable
+parents (who have probably derived the notion from contact with the others
+as nurses or servants), it is here very commonly held that when a tooth is
+drawn, if you refrain from thrusting the tongue in the cavity, the second
+tooth will be golden. Does this idea prevail in England?
+
+_Superstition respecting Bridges._--Many years ago my grandfather had quite
+a household of blacks, some of whom were slaves and some free. Being bred
+in his family, a large portion of my early days was thus passed among them,
+and I have often reverted to the weird superstitions with which they froze
+themselves and alarmed me. Most of these had allusion to the devil:
+scarcely one of them that I now recollect but referred to him. Among others
+they firmly held that when the clock struck twelve at midnight, the devil
+and a select company of his inferiors regularly came upon that part of the
+bridge called "the draw," and danced a hornpipe there. So firmly did they
+hold to this belief, that no threat nor persuasion could induce the
+stoutest-hearted of them to cross the fatal draw after ten o'clock at
+night. This belief is quite contrary to that which prevails in Scotland,
+according to which, Robin Burns being my authority, "neither witches nor
+any evil spirits have power to follow a poor wight any farther than the
+middle of the next running stream."[1]
+
+C. D. D.
+
+New Brunswick, New Jersey.
+
+[Footnote 1:
+
+  "Now, do thy speedy utmost, Meg,
+  And win the key-stane of the brig:
+  There at them thou thy tail may toss,
+  A running stream they dare na crass."--_Tam O'Shanter._
+
+ ]
+
+_North Lincolnshire Folk Lore._--Here follow some shreds of folk lore which
+I have not seen as yet in "N. & Q." They all belong to North Lincolnshire.
+
+1. Death sign. If a swarm of bees alight on a dead tree, or on the dead
+bough of a living tree, there will be a death in the family of the owner
+during the year.
+
+2. If you do not throw salt into the fire before you begin to churn, the
+butter will not come.
+
+3. If eggs are brought over running water they will have no chicks in them.
+
+4. It is unlucky to bring eggs into the house after sunset.
+
+5. If you wear a snake's skin round your head you will never have the
+headache.
+
+6. Persons called Agnes always go mad.
+
+7. A person who is born on Christmas Day will be able to see spirits.
+
+8. Never burn egg-shells; if you do, the hens cease to lay.
+
+9. If a pigeon is seen sitting in a tree, or comes into the house, or from
+being wild suddenly becomes tame, it is a sign of death.
+
+10. When you see a magpie you should cross yourself; if you do not you will
+be unlucky.
+
+EDWARD PEACOCK.
+
+Bottesford Moors.
+
+_Portuguese Folk Lore._--
+
+    "The borderer whispered in my ear that he was one of the dreadful
+    Lobishomens, a devoted race, held in mingled horror and commiseration,
+    and never mentioned {383} without by the Portuguese peasantry. They
+    believe that if a woman be delivered of seven male infants
+    successively, the seventh, by an inexplicable fatality, becomes subject
+    to the powers of darkness; and is compelled, on every Saturday evening,
+    to assume the likeness of an ass. So changed, and followed by a horrid
+    train of dogs, he is forced to run an impious race over the moors and
+    through the villages; nor is allowed an interval of rest until the
+    dawning Sabbath terminates his sufferings, and restores him to his
+    human shape."--From Lord Carnarvon's _Portugal and Gallicia_, vol. ii.
+    p. 268.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POPE AND COWPER.
+
+In Cowper's letter to Lady Hesketh, dated January 18, 1787, occurs a notice
+for the first time of Mr. Samuel Rose, with whom Cowper subsequently
+corresponded. He informs Lady Hesketh that--
+
+    "A young gentleman called here yesterday, who came six miles out of his
+    way to see me. He was on a journey to London from Glasgow, having just
+    left the University there. He came, I suppose, partly to satisfy his
+    own curiosity, but chiefly, as it seemed, to bring me the thanks of
+    some of the Scotch professors for my two volumes. His name is Rose, an
+    Englishman."
+
+Prefixed to a copy of Hayley's _Life and Letters of William Cowper, Esq._,
+in the British Museum, is an extract in MS. of a letter from the late
+Samuel Rose, Esq., to his favourite sister, Miss Harriet Rose, written in
+the year before his marriage, at the age of twenty-two, and which, I
+believe, has never been printed. It may, perhaps, merit a corner of "N. &
+Q."
+
+    "Weston Lodge, Sept. 9, 1789.
+
+    "Last week Mr. Cowper finished the _Odyssey_, and we drank an
+    unreluctant bumper to its success. The labour of translation is now at
+    an end, and the less arduous work of revision remains to be done, and
+    then we shall see it published. I promise both you and myself much
+    pleasure from its perusal. You will most probably find it at first less
+    pleasing than Pope's versification, owing to the difference subsisting
+    between blank verse and rhyme--a difference which is not sufficiently
+    attended to, and whereby people are led into injudicious comparisons.
+    You will find Mr. Pope more refined: Mr. Cowper more simple, grand, and
+    majestic; and, indeed, insomuch as Mr. Pope is more refined than Mr.
+    Cowper, he is more refined than his original, and in the same
+    proportion departs from Homer himself. Pope's must universally be
+    allowed to be a beautiful poem: Mr. Cowper's will be found a striking
+    and a faithful portrait, and a pleasing picture to those who enjoy his
+    style of colouring, which I am apprehensive is not so generally
+    acceptable as the other master's. Pope possesses the gentle and amiable
+    graces of a Guido: Cowper is endowed with the bold sublime genius of a
+    Raphael. After having said so much upon their comparative merits,
+    enough, I hope, to refute your second assertion which was, that women,
+    in the opinion of men, have little to do with literature. I may inform
+    you, that the _Iliad_ is to be dedicated to Earl Cowper, and the
+    _Odyssey_ to the Dowager Lady Spencer but this information need not be
+    extensively circulated."
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+50. Burton Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_"As You Like It."_--Believing that whatever illustrates, even to a
+trifling extent, the great dramatic poet of England will interest the
+readers of "N. & Q.," I solicit their attention to the resemblance between
+the two following passages:
+
+                  "All the world's a stage,
+  And all the men and women merely players."
+
+  "Si recte aspicias, _vita haec est fabula quaedam_.
+  _Scena autem, mundus versatilis_: _histrio et actor_
+  _Quilibet est hominum--mortales nam proprie cuncti_
+  _Sunt personati_, et falsa sub imagine, vulgi
+  Praestringunt oculos: _ita Diis, risumque jocumque_,
+  _Stultitiis, nugisque suis per saecula praebent_.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Jam mala quae humanum patitur genus, adnumerabo.
+  _Principio_ postquam e latebris male olentibus alvi
+  Eductus tandem est, materno sanguine foedus,
+  _Vagit, et auspicio lacrymarum nascitur infans_.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Vix natus jam vincla subit, tenerosque coercet
+  Fascia longa artus: praesagia dire futuri
+  Servitii.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "Post ubi jam valido se poplite sustinet, et jam
+  Rite loqui didicit, tunc servire incipit, atque
+  Jussa pati, _sentitque minas ictusque magistri_,
+  Saepe patris matrisque manu fratrisque frequenter
+  Pulsatur: facient quid vitricus atque noverca?
+  _Fit juvenis, crescunt vires_: jam spernit habenas,
+  Occluditque aures monitis, furere incipit, ardens
+  Luxuria atque ira: et temerarius omnia nullo
+  Consilio aggreditur, dictis melioribus obstat,
+  Deteriora fovens: _non ulla pericula curat_,
+  Dummodo id efficiat, suadet quod coeca libido.
+      .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  "_Succedit gravior, melior, prudentior aetas_,
+  Cumque ipsa curae adveniunt, durique labores;
+  Tune homo mille modis, studioque enititur omni
+  Rem facere, et nunquam sibi multa negotia desunt.
+  Nunc peregre it, nunc ille domi, nunc rure laborat,
+  Ut sese, uxorem, natos, famulosque gubernet,
+  Ac servet, solus pro cunctis sollicitus, nec
+  Jucundis fruitur dapibus, nec nocte quieta.
+  Ambitio hunc etiam impellens, _ad publica mittit_
+  _Munia_: dumque inhiat vano male sanus honori,
+  Invidiae atque odii patitur mala plurima: deinceps
+  _Obrepit canis rugosa senecta capillis_,
+  Secum multa trahens incommoda corporis atque
+  Mentis: nam _vires abeunt, speciesque colorque_,
+  Nec non _deficiunt sensus_: _audire, videre_
+  {384}
+  _Languescunt, gustusque minor fit_: denique semper
+  Aut hoc, aut illo morbo vexantur--_inermi_
+  _Manduntur vix ore cibi_, _vix crura bacillo_
+  _Sustentata meant_: animus quoque vulnera sentit.
+  _Desipit, et longo torpet confectus ab aevo_."
+
+It would have only occupied your space needlessly, to have transcribed at
+length the celebrated description of the seven ages of human life from
+Shakspeare's _As You Like It_; but I would solicit the attention of your
+readers to the Latin verses, and then to the question, Whether either poet
+has borrowed from the other? and, should this be decided affirmatively, the
+farther question would arise, Which is the original?
+
+ARTERUS.
+
+Dublin.
+
+    [These lines look like a modern paraphrase of Shakspeare; and our
+    Correspondent has not informed us from what book he has _transcribed_
+    them.--Ed.]
+
+_Passage in "King John" and "Romeo and Juliet."_--I am neither a
+commentator nor a reader of commentators on Shakspeare. When I meet with a
+difficulty, I get over it as well as I can, and think no more of the
+matter. Having, however, accidentally seen two passages of Shakspeare much
+ventilated in "N. & Q.," I venture to give my poor conjectures respecting
+them.
+
+1. _King John._--
+
+  "It lies as sightly on the back of him,
+  As great Alcides' _shows_ upon an ass."
+
+I consider _shows_ to be the true reading; the reference being to the
+ancient _mysteries_, called also _shows_. The machinery required for the
+celebration of the mysteries was carried by _asses_. Hence the proverb:
+"Asinus portat mysteriae." The connexion of Hercules--"great Alcides"--with
+the mysteries, may be learned from Aristophanes and many other ancient
+writers. And thus the meaning of the passage seems to be: The lion's skin,
+which once belonged to Richard of the Lion Heart, is as sightly on the back
+of _Austria_, as were the mysteries of Hercules upon an ass.
+
+2. _Romeo and Juliet._--
+
+  "That runaways eyes may wink."
+
+Here I would retain the reading, and interpret _runaways_ as signifying
+"persons going about on the watch." Perhaps _runagates_, according to
+modern usage, would come nearer to the proposed signification, but not to
+be quite up with it. Many words in Shakspeare have significations very
+remote from those which they now bear.
+
+PATRICK MUIRSON.
+
+_Shakspeare and the Bible._--Has it ever been noticed that the following
+passage from the Second Part of _Henry IV._, Act I. Sc. 3., is taken from
+the fourteenth chapter of St. Luke's Gospel?
+
+  "What do we then, but draw anew the model
+  In fewer offices; or, at least, desist
+  To build at all? Much more, in this great work,
+  (Which is almost to pluck a kingdom down,
+  And set another up) should we survey
+  The plot, the situation, and the model;
+  Consult upon a sure foundation,
+  Question surveyors, know our own estate,
+  How able such a work to undergo.
+  A careful leader sums what force he brings
+  To weigh against his opposite; or else
+  We fortify on paper, and in figures,
+  Using the names of men, instead of men:
+  Like one that draws the model of a house
+  Beyond his power to build it."
+
+The passage in St. Luke is as follows (xiv. 28-31.):
+
+    "For which of you, intending to build a tower, sitteth not down first,
+    and counteth the cost, whether he have sufficient to finish it?
+
+    "Lest haply, after he hath laid the foundation, and is not able to
+    finish it, all that behold it begin to mock him,
+
+    "Saying, This man began to build, and was not able to finish.
+
+    "Or what king, going to make war against another king, sitteth not down
+    first, and consulteth whether he be able with ten thousand to meet him
+    that cometh against him with twenty thousand?"
+
+I give the passage as altered by Mr. Collier's Emendator, because I think
+the line added by him,
+
+    "A careful leader sums what force he brings,"
+
+is strongly corroborated by the Scripture text.
+
+Q. D.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Judicial Families._--In vol. v. p. 206. (new edition) of Lord Mahon's
+_History of England_, we find the following passage:
+
+    "Lord Chancellor Camden was the younger son of Chief Justice Pratt,--a
+    case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not easily
+    matched, unless by their own cotemporaries, Lord Hardwicke and Charles
+    Yorke."
+
+The following case, I think, is equally, if not more, remarkable:--
+
+The Right Hon. Thomas Berry Cusack-Smith, brother of the present Sir
+Michael Cusack-Smith, Bart., is Master of the Rolls in Ireland, having been
+appointed to that high office in January, 1846. His father, Sir William
+Cusack-Smith, second baronet, was for many years Baron of the Court of
+Exchequer in Ireland. And his grandfather, the Right Hon. Sir Michael
+Smith, first baronet, was, like his grandson at the present day, Master of
+the Rolls in Ireland.
+
+Is not this "a case of rare succession in the annals of the law, and not
+easily matched?"
+
+ABHBA.
+
+{385}
+
+_Derivation of "Topsy Turvy."_--When things are in confusion they are
+generally said to be turned "topsy turvy." The expression is derived from a
+way in which turf for fuel is placed to dry on its being cut. The surface
+of the ground is pared off with the heath growing on it, and the heath is
+turned downward, and left some days in that state that the earth may get
+dry before it is carried away. It means then top-side-turf-way.
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias._--Allow me to offer a suggestion to the
+publishers and compilers of dictionaries; first as to dictionaries of the
+language. A large class refer to these only to learn the meaning of words
+not familiar to them, but which may occur in reading. If the dictionaries
+are framed on the principle of displaying only the classical language of
+England, it is ten to one they will not supply the desired information. Let
+there be, besides classical dictionaries, glossaries which will exclude no
+word whatever on account of rarity, vulgarity, or technicality, but which
+may very well exclude those which are most familiar. As to encyclopaedias,
+their value is chiefly as supplements to the library; but surely no one
+studies anatomy, or the differential calculus, or architecture, in them,
+however good the treatises may be. I want a dictionary of miscellaneous
+subjects, such as find place more easily in an encyclopaedia than anywhere
+else; but why must I also purchase treatises on the higher mathematics, on
+navigation, on practical engineering, and the like, some of which I already
+may possess, others not want, and none of which are a bit the more
+convenient because arranged in alphabetical order in great volumes.
+Besides, they cannot be conveniently replaced by improved editions.
+
+ENCYCLOPAEDICUS.
+
+_"Mary, weep no more for me."_--There is a well-known ballad of this name,
+said to have been written by a Scotchman named "Low." The first verse runs
+thus:
+
+  "The moon had climbed the highest hill,
+  Which rises o'er the source of Dee,
+  And from the eastern summit sped
+  Its silver light on tower and tree."
+
+I find, however, amongst my papers, a fragment of a version of this same
+ballad, of, I assume, earlier antiquity, which so surpasses Low's ballad
+that the author has little to thank him for his interference. The first
+verse of what I take to be the original poem stands thus:
+
+  "The moon had climbed the highest hill,
+  Where eagles big[2] aboon the Dee,
+  And like the looks of a lovely dame,
+  Brought joy to every body's ee."
+
+No poetical reader will require his attention to be directed to the
+immeasurable superiority of this glorious verse: the high poetic animation,
+the eagles' visits, the lovely looks of female beauty, the exhilarating
+gladness and joy affecting the beholder, all manifest the genius of the
+master bard. I shall receive it as a favour if any of your correspondents
+will furnish a complete copy of the original poem, and contrast it with
+what "Low" fancied his "improvements."
+
+JAMES CORNISH.
+
+[Footnote 2: Build.]
+
+_Epitaph at Wood Ditton._--You have recently appropriated a small space in
+your "medium of intercommunication" to the subject of epitaphs. I can
+furnish you with one which I have been accustomed to regard as a "grand
+climacterical absurdity." About thirty years ago, when making a short
+summer ramble, I entered the churchyard of Wood Ditton, near Newmarket, and
+my attention was attracted by a headstone, having inlaid into its upper
+part a piece of iron, measuring about ten inches by six, and hollowed out
+into the shape of a _dish_. I inquired of a cottager residing on the spot
+what the thing meant? I was informed that the party whose ashes the grave
+covered was a man who, during a long life, had a strange taste for sopping
+a slice of bread in a dripping-pan (a pan over which meat has been
+roasted), and would relinquish for this all kinds of dishes, sweet or
+savoury; that in his will he left a request that a dripping-pan should be
+fixed in his gravestone; that he wrote his own epitaph, an exact copy of
+which I herewith give you, and which he requested to be engraved on the
+stone:
+
+  "Here lies my corpse, who was the man
+  That loved a sop in the dripping-pan;
+  But now believe me I am dead,--
+  See here the pan stands at my head.
+  Still for sops till the last I cried,
+  But could not eat, and so I died.
+  My neighbours they perhaps will laugh,
+  When they read my epitaph."
+
+J. H.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Pictorial Pun._--In the village of Warbleton, in Sussex, there is an old
+public-house, which has for its sign a War Bill in a tun of beer, in
+reference of course to the name of the place. It has, however, the double
+meaning, of "Axe for Beer."
+
+R. W. B.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+SIR THOMAS BUTTON'S VOYAGE, 1612.
+
+I am about to print some information, hitherto I believe totally unknown,
+relative to the voyage of Sir Thomas Button in 1612, for the discovery of
+the north-west passage.
+
+Of this voyage a journal was kept, which was in existence many years
+afterwards, being offered by {386} its author to Secretary Dorchester in
+1629, then engaged in forwarding the projected voyage of "North-West" Foxe;
+it is remarkable, however, that no extended account of this voyage, so
+important in its objects, has ever been published. I am desirous of knowing
+if this journal is in existence, and where? Also, Lord Dorchester's letter
+to Button in February, 1629; of any farther information on the subject of
+the voyage, or of Sir Thomas Button.
+
+What I possess already are, 1. "Motiues inducing a Proiect for the
+Discouerie of the North Pole terrestriall; the streights of Anian, into the
+South Sea, and Coasts thereof," anno 1610. 2. Prince Henry's Instructions
+for the Voyage, together with King James's Letters of Credence, 1612. 3. A
+Letter from Sir Thomas Button to Secretary Dorchester, dated Cardiff, 16th
+Feb., 1629 (from the State Paper Office). 4. Sir Dudley Digges' little
+tract on the N.-W. Passage, written to promote the voyage, and of which
+there were two distinct impressions in 1611 and 1612. 5. Extracts from the
+Carleton Correspondence, and from the Hakluyt Society's volume on Voyages
+to the North-West.
+
+I shall be glad also to learn the date, and any other facts connected with
+the death of John Davis, the discoverer of the Straits bearing his name.
+
+JOHN PETHERAM.
+
+94. High Holborn.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_The Words "Cash" and "Mob."_--In Moore's _Diary_ I find the following
+remark. Can any of your numerous readers throw any light on the subject?
+
+    "Lord Holland doubted whether the word 'Cash' was a legitimate English
+    word, though, as Irving remarked, it is as old as Ben Jonson, there
+    being a character called Cash in one of his comedies. Lord Holland said
+    Mr. Fox was of opinion that the word 'Mob' was not genuine
+    English."--Moore's _Diary_, vol. iii. p. 247.
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_"History of Jesus Christ."_--G. L. S. will feel obliged by any
+correspondent of "N. & Q." stating who is the author of the following
+work?--
+
+    "The History of the Incarnation, Life, Doctrine and Miracles, the
+    Death, Resurrection, and Ascension of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour,
+    Jesus Christ. In Seven Books; illustrated with Notes, and interspersed
+    with Dissertations, theological, historical, geographical and critical.
+
+    "To which are added the Lives, Actions, and Sufferings of the Twelve
+    Apostles; also of Saint Paul, Saint Mark, Saint Luke, and Saint
+    Barnabas. Together with a Chronological Table from the beginning of the
+    reign of Herod the Great to the end of the Apostolic Age. By a Divine
+    of the Church of England.
+
+    "London: printed for T. Cooper, at the Globe, in Paternoster Row,
+    1737."
+
+This work is in one folio volume, and all I can ascertain of its authorship
+is that it was _not_ written by Bishop Gibson, of "Preservative" fame.
+
+_Quantity of the Latin Termination -anus._--Proper names having the
+termination _-anus_ are always long in Latin and short in Greek; thus, the
+Claudi[=a]nus, Luci[=a]nus, &c. of the Latins are [Greek: Klaudianos] and
+[Greek: Loukianos] in Greek. What is to be said of the word [Greek:
+Christianos]? Is it long or short, admitting it to be long in the Latin
+tongue?
+
+While on the subject of quantities, let me ask, where is the authority for
+that of the name of the queen of the Ethiopians, Candace, to be found? We
+always pronounce it long, but all books of authority mark it as short.
+
+ANTI-BARBARUS.
+
+_Webb and Walker Families._--Perhaps you or some of your numerous readers
+could inform me if the Christian names of Daniel and Roger were used 160 or
+180 years ago by any of the numerous families of _Webb_ or _Webbe_,
+resident in Wilts or elsewhere; and if so, in what family of that name? And
+is there any pedigree of them extant? and where is it to be found?
+
+Was the Rev. Geo. Walker, the defender of Derry, connected with the Webbs?
+and if so, how, and with what family?
+
+Is there any Webb mentioned in history at the siege of Derry? and if so, to
+what family of that name did he belong?
+
+GULIELMUS.
+
+_Cawdrey's "Treasure of Similes."_--I stumbled lately at a book-stall on a
+very curious old book entitled _A Treasurie or Store-house of Similes both
+pleasant, delightfull, and profitable_. The title-page is gone; but in an
+old hand on the cover it is stated to have been written by a certain
+"Cawdrey," and to have been printed in 1609, where I cannot discover. Can
+any of your correspondents oblige me with some information concerning him?
+The book is marked "scarce."
+
+J. H. S.
+
+_Point of Etiquette._--Will some of your numerous correspondents kindly
+inform me as to the rule in such a case as the following: when an elder
+brother has lost both his daughters in his old age, does the eldest
+daughter of the younger brother take the style of _Miss_ Smith, Jones,
+Brown, or Robinson, as the case may be?
+
+F. D., M.R.C.S.
+
+_Napoleon's Spelling._--Macaulay, in his _History of England_, chap. vii.,
+quotes, in a foot-note, a passage from a letter of William III., written in
+French to his ambassador at Paris, and then makes this remark, "The
+spelling is bad, but not worse than Napoleon's." {387}
+
+Can you refer me to some authentic proof of the fact that Napoleon was
+unable to spell correctly? It is well known that he affected to put his
+thoughts upon paper with great rapidity; and the consequence of this
+practice was, that in almost every word some letters were dropped, or their
+places indicated by dashes. But this was only one of those numerous
+contrivances, to which he was in the habit of resorting, in order to
+impress those around him with an idea of his greatness.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Trench on Proverbs._--Mr. Trench, in this excellent little work, states
+that the usual translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. is incorrect:
+
+    "Let me remind you of such [proverbs] also as the following, often
+    quoted or alluded to by Greek and Latin authors: _The net of the
+    sleeping (fisherman) takes_[3]; a proverb the more interesting, that we
+    have in the words of the Psalmist (Ps. cxxvii. 2.), were they
+    accurately translated, a beautiful and perfect parallel; 'He giveth his
+    beloved' (not 'sleep,' but) 'in their sleep;' his gifts gliding into
+    their bosoms, they knowing not how, and as little expecting as leaving
+    laboured for them."
+
+The Hebrew is [Hebrew: YTN LYDYDW SHN'], the literal translation of which,
+"He giveth (or, He will give) to his beloved sleep," seems to me to be
+correct.
+
+As Mr. Trench is a reader of "N. & Q.," perhaps he would have the kindness
+to mention in its pages the ground he has for his proposed translation.
+
+E. M. B.
+
+[Footnote 3: "[Greek: Heudonti kurtos hairei]. Dormienti rete trahit."]
+
+_Rings formerly worn by Ecclesiastics._--In describing the finger-ring
+found in the grave of the Venerable Bede, the writer of _A brief Account of
+Durham Cathedral_ adds,--
+
+    "No priest, during the reign of Catholicity, was buried or enshrined
+    without his ring."--P. 81.
+
+I have seen a similar statement elsewhere, and wish to ask, 1st, Were
+priests formerly buried with the ring? 2ndly, If so, was it a mere custom,
+or was it ordered or authorised by any rubric or canon of our old English
+Church?
+
+I am very strongly of opinion that such never was the custom, and that the
+statement above quoted has its origin in the confounding priests with
+bishops. Martene says, when speaking of the manner of burying bishops,--
+
+    "Episcopus debet habere annulum, quia sponsus est. Caeteri sacerdotes
+    non, quia sponsi non sunt, sed amici sponsi vel vicarii."--_De Antiquis
+    Ecclesiae Ritibus_, lib. III. cap. xii. n. 11.
+
+CEYREP.
+
+_Butler's "Lives of the Saints."_--Can any of your correspondents supply a
+correct list of the various editions of this popular work? The notices in
+Watt and Lowndes are very unsatisfactory.
+
+J. YEOWELL.
+
+_Marriage of Cousins._--It was asserted to me the other day that marriage
+with a _second_ cousin is, by the laws of England, illegal, and that
+succession to property has been lately barred to the issue of such
+marriage, though the union of _first_ cousins entails no such consequences.
+Is there any foundation for this statement?
+
+J. P.
+
+_Castle Thorpe_[4], _Bucks._--A traditional rhyme is current at this place
+which says that--
+
+  "If it hadn't been for Cobb-bush Hill,
+  Thorpe Castle would have stood there still."
+
+or the last line, according to another version,--
+
+  "There would have been a castle at Thorpe still."
+
+Now it appears from Lipscomb's _History_ of the county, that the castle was
+demolished by Fulke de Brent about 1215; how then can this tradition be
+explained?
+
+Cobb-bush Hill, I am told, is more than half a mile from the village.
+
+H. THOS. WAKE.
+
+[Footnote 4: Pronounced _Thrup_.]
+
+_Where was Edward II. killed?_--Hume and Lingard state that this monarch
+was murdered at Berkeley Castle. Echard and Rapin are silent, both as to
+the event and as to the locality. But an earlier authority, viz. Martyn, in
+his _Historie and Lives of Twentie Kings_, 1615, says:
+
+    "He was committed to the Castle of Killingworth, and Prince Edward was
+    crowned king. And not long after, the king being removed to the Castle
+    of Corff, was wickedly assayled by his keepers, who, through a horne
+    which they put in his," &c.
+
+What authority had Martyn for these statements?
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Encore._--Perhaps some correspondent of "N. & Q." can assign a reason why
+we use this French word in our theatres and concert rooms, to express our
+desire for the repetition of favourite songs, &c. I should also like to
+know at what period it was introduced.
+
+A. A.
+
+_Amcotts' Pedigree._--Can any of your correspondents supply me with a full
+pedigree of Amcotts of Astrop, co. Lincolnshire? I do not refer to the
+Visitations, but to the later descents of the family. The last heir male
+was, I believe, Vincent Amcotts, Esq., great-grandfather to the present Sir
+William Amcotts Ingilby, Bart. Elizabeth Amcotts, who married, 19th July,
+1684, John Toller, Esq., of Billingborough Hall in Lincolnshire, was one of
+this family, and I suppose aunt to Vincent Amcotts. I may mention, the
+calendars {388} of the Will Office at Lincoln have no entries of the name
+of Amcotts between 1670 and 1753.
+
+TEWARS.
+
+_Blue Bell--Blue Anchor._--A bell painted blue is a common tavern sign in
+this country (United States); and the blue anchor is also to be met with in
+many places. As these signs evidently had their origin in England, and one
+of them is alluded to in the old Scotch ballad "The Blue Bell of Scotland,"
+it seems to me that the best method to apply for information upon the
+subject is to ask "N. & Q." Are these signs of inns heraldic survivors of
+old time; are they corruptions of some other emblem, such as that which in
+London transformed _La Belle Sauvage_ into the _Bell Savage_, pictorialised
+by an Indian ringing a hand-bell; or is the choice of such improper colour
+as blue for a bell and an anchor a species of symbolism the meaning of
+which is not generally known?
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_"We've parted for the longest time."_--Would you insert these lines in
+your paper, the author of which I seek to know, as well as the remaining
+verses?
+
+  "We've parted for the longest time, we ever yet did part,
+  And I have felt the last wild throb of that enduring heart:
+  Thy cold and tear-wet cheek has lain for the last time to mine,
+  And I have pressed in agony those trembling lips of thine."
+
+R. JERMYN COOPER.
+
+The Rectory, Chiltington Hunt, Sussex.
+
+_Matthew Lewis._--Allow me to solicit information, through the medium of
+"N. & Q.," where I can see a pedigree of Matthew Lewis, Esq., Deputy
+Secretary of War for many years under the Right Hon. William Windham, then
+M.P. for Norwich, and other Secretaries-at-War. I rather think Mr. Lewis
+married a daughter of Sir Thomas Sewell, Kt., Master of the Rolls from 1764
+to 1784; and had a son, Matthew Gregory Lewis, known as _Monk_ Lewis, who
+was M.P. for Hindon at the close of the last century: a very clever but
+eccentric young man. I also believe Lieut.-Gen. John Whitelocke, and Gen.
+Sir Thos. Brownrigg, G.C.B., who died in 1838, were connected by marriage
+with the Sewell or Lewis families.
+
+C. H. F.
+
+_Paradise Lost._--In _A Treatise on the Dramatic Literature of the Greeks_,
+by the Rev. J. R. Darley, I read the following remark:
+
+    "In our own literature also, the efforts of our early dramatists were
+    directed to subjects derived from religion; even the _Paradise Lost_ is
+    composed of a series of minor pieces, originally cast in dramatic form,
+    of which the creation and fall of man, and the several episodes which
+    were introduced subordinately to these grand events, were the
+    subject-matter."
+
+This statement being at variance with the received opinion, that Milton,
+from his early youth, had meditated the composition of an epic poem, I
+would inquire whether there is any evidence to support Mr. Darley's view?
+Milton has been charged with having borrowed the design of _Paradise Lost_
+from some Italian author; and this allegation, coupled with that made by
+Mr. Darley, would, if founded, reduce our great national epic to what
+Hazlitt has described as "patchwork and plagiarism, the beggarly
+copiousness of borrowed wealth."
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Colonel Hyde Seymour._--Who was "Colonel Hyde Seymour?" I find his name
+written in a book, _The Life of William the Third_, 1703.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+_Vault at Richmond, Yorkshire._--In Speed's plan of Richmond, in Yorkshire,
+is represented the mouth of a "vault that goeth under the river, and
+ascendeth up into the Castell." Was there ever such a vault, and how came
+it to be destroyed or lost sight of? One who knows Richmond well tells me
+that he never heard of it.
+
+O. L. R. G.
+
+_Poems published at Manchester._--Can any contributor to "N. & Q." inform
+me who was the author of a volume of _Poems on Several Occasions_,
+published by subscription at Manchester; printed for the author by R.
+Whitworth, in the year 1733? It is an 8vo. of 138 pages; has on the
+title-page a line from Ovid:
+
+  "Jure, tibi grates, candide lector, ago,"
+
+and begins with an "Address to all my Subscribers;" after which follow
+several pages of subscribers' names, which consist chiefly of Staffordshire
+and Cheshire gentry. My copy (for the possession of which I am indebted to
+the kindness of Dr. Bliss, the Principal of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford) was
+formerly in the library of Mr. Heber, who has thus noted its purchase on
+the fly-leaf, "Feb. 1811, Ford, Manchester, 7s. 6d." Dr. Bliss has added,
+on the same fly-leaf, "Heber's fourth sale, No. 1908, not in the Bodleian
+Catalogue." The first poem in the book is "A Pastoral to the Memory of Sir
+Thomas Delves, Baronet." It is probably a scarce book; but possibly some of
+your book-learned correspondents may help me to the author's name.
+
+W. SNEYD.
+
+Denton.
+
+_Handel's Dettingen Te Deum._--Any information as to the circumstances
+under which Handel composed this celebrated _Te Deum_, and the place {389}
+and occasion of its first public performance, will be welcome to
+
+PHILO-HANDEL.
+
+_Edmund Spenser and Sir Hans Sloane, Bart._--As I believe myself (morally
+speaking) to be _lineally_ descended from the former of these celebrated
+men, and _collaterally_ from the latter, may I request that information may
+be forwarded me, either through your columns or by correspondence,
+regarding the descendants of the great poet and his ancestry; and also
+whether, among the many thousand volumes bequeathed by Sir Hans to the
+nation, some record does not exist tending to prove his genealogical
+descent? At present I know of no other pedigree than that Mr. Burke has
+given of him in his _Extinct Baronetage_. I shall feel exceedingly
+gratified if any assistance can be given me relating to these two families.
+
+W. SLOANE SLOANE-EVANS.
+
+Cornworthy Vicarage, Totnes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_The Ligurian Sage._--In Gifford's _Maeviad_, lines 313-316, I read,--
+
+  "Together we explored the stoic page
+  Of the Ligurian, stern tho' beardless sage!
+  Or trac'd the Aquinian thro' the Latin road,
+  And trembled at the lashes he bestow'd."
+
+The Aquinian is of course Juvenal; but I must confess me at fault with
+respect to the Ligurian.
+
+W. T. M.
+
+    [The Ligurian sage is no doubt Aulus Persius Flaccus, who, according to
+    ancient authors, was born at Volaterrae in Etruria; but some modern
+    writers conclude that he was born at Lunae Portus in Liguria, from the
+    following lines (Sat. VI. 6.), which seem to relate to the place of his
+    residence:
+
+                          "Mihi nunc Ligus ora
+      Intepet, hybernatque _meum_ mare, qua latus ingens
+      Dant scopuli, et multa littus se valle receptat.
+      _Lunai portum_ est operae cognoscere, cives."
+
+    When approaching the verge of manhood, Persius became the pupil of
+    Cornutus the Stoic, and his death took place before he had completed
+    his twenty-eighth year.]
+
+_Gresebrok in Yorkshire._--Can you or any of your correspondents give me
+any information as to what part of Yorkshire the manor of Gresebrok lies
+in? In Shaw's _History of Staffordshire_ (2 vols. folio), there is a
+"Bartholomew de Gresebrok" mentioned as witness to a deed of Henry III.'s
+times made between Robert de Grendon, Lord of Shenston, and Jno. de
+Baggenhall; which family of Gresebrok, it is said, "probably took their
+name from a _manor so called in Yorkshire_, and had property and residence
+in Shenstone, from this early period to the beginning of the century, many
+of whom are recorded in the registers from 1590 to 1722."
+
+The above is quoted by Shaw from Sanders's _History of Shenstone_, p. 98.,
+and perhaps some of your correspondents may possess that work, and will
+oblige me by transcribing the necessary information.
+
+Any particulars of the above family will much oblige your constant reader
+
+[Greek: Heraldikos.]
+
+    [According to Sanders, the family of Greisbrook was formerly of some
+    note at Shenstone. He says that "Greisbrook, whence the family had
+    their name, is a manor in Yorkshire, which, in the reign of Henry III.,
+    was in the great House of Mowbray, of whom the Greisbrooks held their
+    lands. Roger de Greisbrook (temp. Henry II.) is mentioned as holding of
+    the fee of Alice, Countess of Augie, or Ewe, daughter of William de
+    Albiney, Earl of Arundel, by Queen Alice, relict of Henry I." Then
+    follow some particulars of various branches of the family, from the
+    year 1580 to the death of Robert Greisbrook in 1718. Sanders's History
+    is included in vol. ix. of _Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica_.]
+
+_Stillingfleet's Library._--The extensive and valuable library of Edward
+Stillingfleet, the learned Bishop of Worcester, who died in 1699, is said
+to be contained in the library of Primate Marsh, St. Patrick's, Dublin. Can
+any of your correspondents state how it came there? Was it bequeathed by
+the bishop, or sold by his descendants? He died at Westminster, and was
+buried in Worcester Cathedral.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+    [Bishop Stillingfleet's library was purchased by Archbishop Marsh for
+    his public library in Dublin. A few years since Robert Travers, Esq.,
+    M.D., of Dundrum near Dublin, was engaged in preparing for publication
+    a catalogue of Stillingfleet's printed books, amounting to near 10,000
+    volumes. The bishop's MSS. were bought by the late Earl of Oxford, and
+    are now in the Harleian Collection. See _The Life of Bishop
+    Stillingfleet_, 8vo., 1735, p. 135., and _Biog. Brit._ s. v.]
+
+_The whole System of Law._--On December 26, 1651, the Long Parliament,
+stimulated by Cromwell to various important reforms in civil matters,
+resolved,--
+
+    "That it be referred to persons out of the House to take into
+    consideration what inconveniences there are in the law, and how the
+    mischiefs that grow from the delays, the chargeableness, and the
+    irregularities in the proceedings of the law, may be prevented; and the
+    speediest way to reform the same."
+
+The commission thus appointed consisted twenty-one persons, among whom were
+Sir Mathew Hale, Sir Anthony Ashley Cooper, and John Rushworth. They seem
+to have set to work with great vigour, and submitted a variety of important
+measures to Parliament, many of which were {390} adopted. They also
+prepared a document "containing the whole system of the law," which was
+read to the House on January 20 and 21, 1652; and it was resolved "That
+three hundred copies of the said book be forthwith printed, to be delivered
+to members of the Parliament only."
+
+Is anything known of this work at the present day?
+
+A LEGULEIAN.
+
+    [It appears doubtful whether this work was ever printed, for in a
+    pamphlet published April 27, 1653, entitled _A Supply to a Draught of
+    an Act or System proposed (as is reported) by the Committee for
+    Regulations concerning the Law_, &c., the writer thus notices
+    it:--"Having _lately heard_ of some propositions called 'The System of
+    the Law,' which are said to be intended preparatives to several Acts of
+    Parliament touching the regulation of the law, we cannot but with
+    thankfulness acknowledge the care and industry of those worthy persons
+    who contrived the same, it containing many good and wholesome
+    provisions for the future perpetual good and quiet of the nation.... We
+    know not, at present, wherein we could give a more visible testimony of
+    our affections to the peaceable government of the free people here,
+    than by offering to them and the supreme authority, what we humbly
+    conceive prejudicial and inconvenient to well-government, in case that
+    System (_as it is said to be now prepared_) should take effect." A week
+    before the publication of this work, the Long Parliament had been
+    turned out of doors by Cromwell.]
+
+_Saint Malachy on the Popes._--Saint Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, who
+flourished in the first half of the twelfth century, is said to be the
+author of a curious prophecy respecting the Popes. Some years ago I met
+with this prophecy in an old French almanack, and was particularly struck
+with its applicability to the life and character of the present Pope; but I
+omitted to make a Note.
+
+Can you inform me where I may find a copy of this prophecy?
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+    [St. Malachy's hieroglyphical descriptions or prophecy on the
+    succession of Roman Pontiffs will be found in _Flosculi Historici
+    delibati nunc delibatiores redditi, sive Historia Universalis_; Auctore
+    Joanne de Bussieres, Societatis Jesu Sacerdote, Oxon. 1668. An
+    explanation of each prophecy is given from the pontificate of Celestus
+    II. A.D. 1143, to that of Innocent X. A.D. 1644. The present Pope being
+    the nineteenth from Innocent X., the following prophecy relates to him,
+    "Crux de Cruce." We subjoin the remainder: 20. Lumen in coelo. 21.
+    Ignis ardens. 22. Religio depopulata. 23. Fides intrepida. 24. Pastor
+    angelicus. 25. Pastor et nauta. 26. Flos Florum. 27. De medietate lunae.
+    28. De labore solis. 29 Gloria Olivae. St. Malachy concludes his
+    prophecy with the following prediction of the downfall of the Roman
+    Church: "In persecutione extrema Sacrae Romanae Ecclesiae sedebit Petrus
+    Romanus, qui pascet oves in multis tribulationibus; quibus transactis
+    civitas septicollis diruetur, et Judex tremendus judicabit populum."]
+
+_Work on the Human Figure._--A few years ago there was a little work
+published on _Dress and the Art of improving the Human Figure_, by (I
+believe) a nobleman's valet: I wish to consult this for a literary purpose,
+and should be much obliged to any of your readers who can favour me with
+the exact title and date.
+
+CHARLES DEMAYNE.
+
+    [The following two works on dress appear in the _London Catalogue:--The
+    Whole Art of Dress_, by a Country Officer, 12mo. Lond. 1830; and _The
+    Art of Dress, or a Guide to the Toilette_, fcp. 8vo., Lond. 1839.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+"NAMBY-PAMBY," AND OTHER WORDS OF THE SAME FORM.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 318.)
+
+The origin of the word _namby-pamby_ is explained in the following passage
+of Johnson's _Life of Ambrose Philips_:
+
+    "The pieces that please best are those which from Pope and Pope's
+    adherents procured him the name of _namby-pamby_, the poems of short
+    lines, by which he paid his court to all ages and characters--from
+    Walpole, 'the steerer of the realm,' to Miss Pulteney in the nursery.
+    The numbers are smooth and sprightly, and the diction is seldom faulty.
+    They are not loaded with much thought, yet, if they had been written by
+    Addison, they would have had admirers. Little things are not valued but
+    when they are done by those who can do greater."
+
+In the _Treatise on the Bathos_, the _infantine_ style is exclusively
+exemplified by passages from Ambrose Philips:
+
+    "This [says Pope] is when a poet grows so very simple as to think and
+    talk like a child. I shall take my examples from the greatest master in
+    this way: hear how he fondles like a mere stammerer:
+
+      'Little charm of placid mien,
+      Miniature of Beauty's queen,
+      Hither, British Muse of mine,
+      Hither, all ye Grecian nine,
+      With the lovely Graces three,
+      And your pretty nursling see.
+      When the meadows next are seen,
+      Sweet enamel, white and green;
+      When again the lambkins play,
+      Pretty sportlings full of May,
+      Then the neck so white and round,
+      (Little neck with brilliants bound)
+      And thy gentleness of mind,
+      (Gentle from a gentle kind), &c.
+      Happy thrice, and thrice again,
+      Happiest he of happy men,' &c.
+
+    And the rest of those excellent lullabies of his composition."--C. xi.
+
+These verses are stated by Warburton, in his note on the passage, to be
+taken from a poem to {391} Miss Cuzzona. They are however in fact selected
+from two poems addressed to daughters of Lord Carteret, and are put
+together arbitrarily, out of the order in which they stand in the original
+poems. There is a short poem by Philips in the same metre, addressed to
+Signora Cuzzoni, and dated May 25, 1724, beginning, "Little syren of the
+stage;" but none of the verses quoted in the _Treatise on the Bathos_ are
+extracted from it.
+
+_Namby-pamby_ belongs to a tolerably numerous class of words in our
+language, all formed on the same rhyming principle. They are all familiar,
+and some of them childish; which last circumstance probably suggested to
+Pope the invention of the word _namby-pamby_, in order to designate the
+infantine style which Ambrose Philips had introduced. Many of them,
+however, are used by old and approved writers; and the principle upon which
+they are formed must be of great antiquity in our language. The following
+is a collection of words which are all formed in this manner:
+
+_Bow-wow._--A word coined in imitation of a dog's bark. Compare the French
+_aboyer_.
+
+_Chit-chat._--Formed by reduplication from _chat_. A word (says Johnson)
+used in ludicrous conversation. It occurs in the _Spectator_ and _Tatler_.
+
+_Fiddle-faddle._--Formed in a similar manner from _to fiddle_, in its sense
+of _to trifle_. It occurs in the _Spectator_.
+
+_Flim-flam._--An old word, of which examples are cited from Beaumont and
+Fletcher, and Swift. It is formed from _flam_, which Johnson calls "a cant
+word of no certain etymology." _Flam_, for a lie, a cheat, is however used
+by South, Barrow, and Warburton, and therefore at one time obtained an
+admission into dignified style. See Nares' _Glossary_ in v.
+
+_Hab or nab._--That is, according to Nares, have or have not; subsequently
+abridged into _hab, nab_. _Hob or nob_ is explained by him to mean "Will
+you have a glass of wine or not?" _Hob, nob_ is applied by Shakspeare to
+another alternative, viz. give or take (_Twelfth Night_, Act III. Sc. 4.).
+See Nares in v. _Habbe or Nabbe_.
+
+_Handy-dandy._--"A play in which children change hands and places"
+(Johnson). Formed from hand. The word is used by Shakspeare.
+
+_Harum-scarum._--"A low but frequent expression applied to flighty persons;
+persons always in a hurry" (Todd). Various conjectures are offered
+respecting its origin: the most probable seems to be, that it is derived
+from _scare_. The Anglo-Saxon word _hearmsceare_ means punishment (see
+Grimm, _Deutsche Rechtsalterthuemer_, p. 681.); but although the similarity
+of sound is remarkable, it is difficult to understand how _harum-scarum_
+can be connected with it.
+
+_Helter-skelter._--Used by Shakspeare. Several derivations for this word
+are suggested, but none probable.
+
+_Higgledy-piggledy._--"A cant word, corrupted from _higgle_, which denotes
+any confused mass, as _higglers_ carry a huddle of provisions together"
+(Johnson). It seems more probable that the word is formed from _pig_; and
+that it alludes to the confused and indiscriminate manner in which pigs lie
+together. In other instances (as _chit-chat_, _flim-flam_, _pit-a-pat_,
+_shilly-shally_, _slip-slop_, and perhaps _harum-scarum_), the word which
+forms the basis of the rhyming reduplication stands second, and not first.
+
+_Hocus-pocus._--The words _ocus bochus_ appear, from a passage cited in
+Todd, to have been used anciently by Italian conjurers. The fanciful idea
+of Tillotson, that _hocus-pocus_ is a corruption of the words _hoc est
+corpus_, is well known. Compare Richardson _in v._
+
+_Hoddy-doddy._--This ancient word has various meanings (see Richardson _in
+v._). As used by Ben Jonson and Swift, it is expressive of contempt. In
+Holland's translation of Pliny it signifies a snail. There is likewise a
+nursery rhyme or riddle:
+
+    "Hoddy-doddy,
+  All legs and no body."
+
+_Hodge-podge_ appears to be a corruption of _hotch-pot_. It occurs in old
+writers. (See Richardson in _Hotch-pot_.)
+
+_Hoity-toity._--Thoughtless, giddy. Formed from the old word _to hoit_, to
+dance or leap, to indulge in riotous mirth. See Nares in _Hoit_ and _Hoyt_.
+
+_Hubble-bubble._--A familiar word, formed from _bubble_. Not in the
+dictionaries.
+
+_Hubbub._--Used by Spenser, and other good writers. Richardson derives it
+from _hoop_ or _whoop_, shout or yell. It seems rather a word formed in
+imitation of the confused inarticulate noise produced by the mixture of
+numerous voices, like _mur-mur_ in Latin.
+
+_Hugger-mugger._--Used by Spenser, Shakspeare, and other old writers. The
+etymology is uncertain. Compare Jamieson in _Hudge-mudge_. The latter part
+of the word seems to be allied with _smuggle_, and the former part to be
+the reduplication. The original and proper sense of hugger-mugger is
+secretly. See Nares _in v._, who derives it from _to hugger_, to lurk
+about; but query whether such a word can be shown to have existed?
+
+_Humpty-dumpty._--Formed from _hump_. This word occurs in the nursery
+rhyme:
+
+  "_Humpty-dumpty_ sat on a wall,
+  _Humpty-dumpty_ had a great fall," &c.
+
+_Hurdy-gurdy._--The origin of this word, which is quoted from no writer
+earlier than Foote, has not been explained. See Todd _in v._
+
+_Hurly-burly._--This old word occurs in the well-known verses in the
+opening scene of _Macbeth_--
+
+  "When the _hurly burly's_ done,
+  When the battle's lost and won"--
+
+{392} where see the notes of the commentators for other instances of it.
+There are rival etymologies for this word, but all uncertain. The French
+has _hurlu-burlu_. Nares in _Hurly_.
+
+_Hurry-scurry._--This word, formed from _hurry_, is used by Gray in his
+_Long Story_.
+
+_Nick-nack._--A small ornament. Not in the dictionaries.
+
+_Pic-nic._--For the derivation of this word, which seems to be of French
+origin, see "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 240. 387.
+
+_Pit-pat, or Pit-a-pat._--A word formed from _pat_, and particularly
+applied to the pulsations of the heart, when accelerated by emotion. Used
+by Ben Jonson and Dryden. Congreve writes it _a-pit-pat_.
+
+_Riff-raff._--The refuse of anything, "Il ne lui lairra rif ny raf."
+Cotgrave in _Rif_, where _rif_ is said to mean nothing.
+
+_Rolly-pooly._--"A sort of game" (Johnson). It is now used as the name of a
+pudding rolled with sweetmeat.
+
+_Rowdy-dowdy, and Rub-a-dub._--Words formed in imitation of the beat of a
+drum.
+
+_Shilly-shally._--Used by Congreve, and formerly written "shill I, shall
+I."
+
+_Slip-slop._--"Bad liquor. A low word, formed by reduplication of _slop_"
+(Johnson). Now generally applied to errors in pronunciation, arising from
+ignorance and carelessness, like those of Mrs. Malaprop in _The Rivals_.
+
+_Tip-top._--Formed from _top_, like _slip-slop_ from _slop_.
+
+_Tirra-lirra._--Used by Shakspeare:
+
+  "The lark that _tirra lirra_ chants."--_Winter's Tale_, Act IV. Sc. 2.
+
+From the French, see Nares _in v._
+
+The preceding collection is intended merely to illustrate the principle
+upon which this class of words are formed, and does not aim at
+completeness. Some of your correspondents will doubtless, if they are
+disposed, be able to supply other examples of the same mode of formation.
+
+L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+EARL OF OXFORD.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 292.)
+
+S. N. will find the Earl's answer in a volume, not very common now,
+entitled _A Compleat and Impartial History of the Impeachments of the Last
+Ministry_, London, 8vo., 1716. The charge respecting the creation of twelve
+peers in one day formed the 16th article of the impeachment. I inclose a
+copy of the answer, if not too long for your pages.
+
+G.
+
+    "In answer to the 16th article, the said Earl doth insist, that by the
+    laws and constitution of this realm, it is the undoubted right and
+    prerogative of the Sovereign, who is the fountain of honor, to create
+    peers of this realm, as well in time of Parliament as when there is no
+    Parliament sitting or in being; and that the exercise of this branch of
+    the prerogative is declared in the form or preamble of all patents of
+    honor, to proceed _ex mero motu_, as an act of mere grace and favor,
+    and that such acts are not done as many other acts of public nature
+    are, by and with the advice of the Privy Council; or as acts of pardon
+    usually run, upon a favorable representation of several circumstances,
+    or upon reports from the Attorney-General or other officers, that such
+    acts are lawful or expedient, or for the safety or advantage of the
+    Crown; but flows entirely from the beneficent and gracious disposition
+    of the Sovereign. He farther says, that neither the warrants for
+    patents of honor, the bills or other engrossments of such patents, are
+    at any time communicated to the council or the treasury, as several
+    other patents are; and therefore the said Earl, either as High
+    Treasurer or Privy Councillor, could not have any knowledge of the
+    same: Nevertheless, if her late sacred Majesty had thought fit to
+    acquaint him with her most gracious intentions of creating any number
+    of peers of this realm, and had asked his opinion, whether the persons
+    whom she then intended to create were persons proper to have been
+    promoted to that dignity, he does believe he should have highly
+    approved her Majesty's choice; and does not apprehend that in so doing
+    he had been guilty of any breach of his duty, or violation of the trust
+    in him reposed; since they were all persons of honor and distinguished
+    merit, and the peerage thereby was not greatly increased, considering
+    some of those created would have been peers by descent, and many noble
+    families were then lately extinct: And the said Earl believes many
+    instances may be given where this prerogative hath been exercised by
+    former princes of this realm, in as extensive a manner; and
+    particularly in the reigns of King Henry the Eighth, King James the
+    First, and his late Majesty King William. The said Earl begs leave to
+    add, that in the whole course of his life he hath always loved the
+    established constitution, and in his private capacity as well as in all
+    public stations, when he had the honor to be employed, has ever done
+    his utmost to preserve it, and shall always continue so to do."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PICTS' HOUSES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 264.)
+
+The mention there made of the recent discovery of one of these subterranean
+vaults or passages in Aberdeenshire, induces me to ask a question in regard
+to two subterranean passages which have lately been discovered in
+Berwickshire, and which so far differ from all others that I have heard or
+read of, that whereas all of them seem to have been built at the sides with
+large flat stones, and roofed with similar ones, and then covered with
+earth, those which I am about to mention are both hewn out of the solid
+rock. They are both situated in the Lammermoor range of hills. Those
+persons who have seen them are at a loss to know for what {393} purpose
+they could have been excavated, unless for the purpose of sepulture in the
+times of the aborigines, or of very early inhabitants of Britain, as they
+in many respects resemble those stone graves which are mentioned in
+Worsaae's _Description of the Primaeval Antiquities of Denmark_, translated
+and applied to the illustration of similar remains in England by Mr. Thoms.
+
+One of these cavities is situated on a remote pasture farm, among the hills
+belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale, called Braidshawrigg; and was
+discovered by a shepherd very near his own house, within less than a
+quarter of a mile up a small stream which runs past it, and on the opposite
+side of the water, a few yards up the steep hill. The shepherd had observed
+for some time that one of his dogs was in the habit of going into what he
+supposed to be a rabbit hole at this place, and when he was missing and
+called, he generally came out of this hole. At last, curiosity led his
+master to take a spade and dig into it; and he soon found that, after
+digging down into the soil to the rock, the cavity became larger, and had
+evidently been the work of human hands. Information was given to Lord
+Lauderdale, and the rubbish was cleared away. It (the rubbish) did not
+extend far in, and after that the passage was clear. The excavation
+consists of a passage cut nearly north and south (the entrance being to the
+south) through various strata of solid rocks, partly grauwacke, (or what is
+there called _whinstone_), and partly grey slate: the strata lying east and
+west, and nearly vertical. The whole length of it is seventy-four feet.
+From the entrance the passage, for four or five yards, slopes downwards
+into the hill; it then runs horizontally the length of sixty-three feet
+from the entrance, when it changes its direction at right angles to the
+westward for a distance of eleven feet; when it ends with the solid rock.
+It is regularly from three feet four inches to three feet six inches wide,
+and about seven feet high, the ceiling being somewhat circular. The floor
+is the rock cut square. The time and labour must have been great to cut
+this passage, as not more than one man could conveniently quarry the rock
+at the same time. It might have been supposed that this was a level to a
+mine, as copper has been worked in this range farther eastward; but the
+passage does not follow any vein, but cuts across all the strata, and keeps
+a straight line, till it turns westward, and then in another straight line;
+and the floors, sides, and roof are all made quite regular and even with a
+pickaxe or a hammer. There does not appear to have been at any time any
+other habitation than the shepherd's house, and another cottage a little
+lower down the stream, in the neighbourhood. The discovery of this cavern
+recalled to the recollection of myself, and some of my family, that a few
+years ago, in cutting a road through the rock into a whinstone quarry,
+about four miles south of Braidshawrigg, near a mill, we had cut across the
+east end of a passage somewhat similar to the one before mentioned, but
+running east and west; that we had cleared it out for a short way, but as
+it then went under a corner of one of the houses belonging to the mill, we
+stopped, for fear of bringing down the building, as this passage, though
+cut out of the solid rock, was not a mine, but had been worked to the
+surface; and, if it ever had been used for purposes of sepulture, must have
+been roofed with flagstones, and then covered with earth like other Picts'
+houses. But these roof-stones must have been carried away, and the whole
+trench was filled with rubbish, and all trace of it on the surface was
+obliterated. This passage we have lately opened, and cleared out. To the
+westward it passes into the adjoining water-mill, which is itself in great
+part formed by excavation of the rock; and the east wall of the upper part
+of the mill is arched over the passage. Beyond the west wall of the mill
+which adjoins the stream, there is a continuation of the trench through the
+rock down to the water, which serves to take away that which passes over
+the millwheel at right angles to where the rock has been cut away to make
+room for the millwheel itself. That which has been cut away in making the
+trench, is a seam of clay slate about three feet six inches in breadth,
+between two solid whinstone rocks. The length of the passage, from the east
+end, which terminated in rock, to the mill, is sixty-three feet. The mill
+is thirty feet, and the cut beyond it twelve feet: in all, one hundred and
+five feet. The average depth is about twelve feet; but as it slopes down to
+the stream, some of it is sixteen feet deep. It has been suggested that it
+might have been dug out in order to obtain the coarse slate; but the
+difficulty of working a confined seam like this, in any other way than by
+picking it out piecemeal with immense labour, seems impossible. It can
+never have been meant to convey water to the mill, as the highest part
+begins in the solid rock, and the object must always have been to keep the
+water on the highest possible level, until it reached the top of the
+millwheel. Nothing was found in either of these excavations.--After this
+long discussion, Query, What can have been the purpose for which these
+laborious works can have been executed?
+
+J. S. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PRONUNCIATION OF "HUMBLE."
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 229. 298.)
+
+It is my misfortune entirely to differ from MR. DAWSON (p. 229.) and MR.
+CROSSLEY (p. 298.) as to the pronunciation of _humble_; and permit me to
+say (with all courtesy) that I was unfeignedly surprised at the latter's
+assertion, that sounding {394} the _h_ is "a recent attempt to introduce a
+mispronunciation," as I have known that mode of pronunciation all but
+universally prevalent for nearly the last forty years; and I have had
+pretty good opportunities for observing what the general usage in that
+respect was, as I was for some years at a very large public school, then at
+Oxford for more than the usual time, and have since resided in London more
+than twenty-five years, practising as a barrister in Westminster Hall, and
+on one of the largest circuits. If, therefore, I have not had ample means
+of judging as to the pronunciation of _humble_, I know not where the means
+are to be found; especially as I doubt whether _humble_ and _humbly_ are
+anywhere so frequently used as in courts: a counsel rarely making a speech
+without "_humbly_ submitting" or making a "_humble_ application." Now the
+result of my experience is, that the _h_ is almost universally sounded; and
+at this moment I cannot call to mind a single gentleman who omits it, who
+does not also omit it in many other instances where no doubt can exist that
+it ought to be sounded.
+
+MR. DAWSON believes the sounding the _h_ to be "one of those, either
+Oxford, or Cambridge, or both, peculiarities of which no reasonable
+explanation can be given." Now I believe MR. DAWSON is right in supposing
+that that usage is general both at Oxford and Cambridge, and I rather think
+that not only an explanation of the fact may be given, but that the fact
+itself, that in both the Universities the _h_ is sounded, is extremely
+cogent evidence that it is correct. It cannot be doubted that the fact that
+a word is spelled with certain letters is clear proof that, at the time
+when that spelling was adopted, the word was so sounded as to give a
+distinct sound to each of the letters used, and that clearly must have been
+the case with words beginning with _h_ especially. When, therefore, the
+present spelling of _humble_ was adopted, the _h_ was sounded. Now, whilst
+I freely admit that the utterance of any word may be changed--"Si volet
+usus, quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi"--still it cannot
+be questioned that the usage must be so general, clear, and distinct among
+the better educated classes (where-ever they may have received their
+education) as to leave no reasonable doubt about the matter; and that it
+lies on those who assert that such a change has taken place, to show such a
+usage as I have mentioned. And when the number of the members of the
+Universities is considered, and their position as men of education, it must
+at least admit of doubt whether, if a general usage prevailed among them to
+pronounce a particular word in the manner in which it originally was
+pronounced, this would not alone prevent a different pronunciation among
+others from having that general prevalence, which would be sufficient to
+justify a change in the utterance of such word.
+
+But let us consider whether the usage of the Universities is not very
+cogent evidence that the _h_ is generally sounded throughout England, 1.
+Each University contains a large number of the higher and better educated
+classes. 2. The members come from all parts of England indiscriminately. 3.
+Infinitely the majority come from schools; and some of the large schools
+have generally many members at each University. By such persons the
+pronunciation of the schools cannot fail to be represented. 4. Every one on
+entering the University is expected at least to know his own language. 5.
+There is no instruction, as far as I know (however much the fact may be to
+be regretted), ever given in English at either University. 6. There is a
+perpetual change of about a third of the members every year, few remaining
+above three years. Now can any one, who candidly considers these facts,
+doubt that a usage in pronouncing a particular word at _either_ University
+if generally prevalent, is very strong evidence that the same usage is
+generally prevalent throughout England; but if any one does entertain such
+a doubt, surely it must be done away, when he finds that the same usage
+prevails at _both_ Universities; though there exists such a degree of
+rivalry between them as would prevent the one from adopting from the other
+any usage which was liable to any the least doubt, and though there is no
+communication between them that could account for the same usage prevailing
+in both.
+
+MR. CROSSLEY appeals to the Prayer Book as a decisive authority, and
+instances "an _humble_," &c. If any one will examine the Prayer Book, he
+will find that it is no authority at all; as "an" is at least as often used
+erroneously before _h_ as not. In reading over the first sixty-eight
+Psalms, I found the following instances--Ps. xxvii. 3. and Ps. xxxiii. 15.,
+"An host of men;" Ps. xlvii. 4. and Ps. lxi. 5., "An heritage;" Ps. xlix.
+18., "An happy man," Ps. lv. 5., "An horrible dread;" Ps. lxviii. 15., "An
+high hill." And in the same Psalms I only found _one_ instance of _a_
+before _h_, viz. in Ps. xxxiii. 16., "A horse;" and in this case the Bible
+version has "An horse." In the first Lesson for the 19th Sunday after
+Trinity, Dan. iii. 4., "An herald," and 27., "An hair of their head,"
+occur; and in the next chapter (iv. 13.), "An holy one." It is plain from
+these instances (and doubtless many others may be found), that the use of
+"an" before _h_, in the Bible or Prayer Book, can afford no test whatever
+whether the _h_ ought to be sounded or not.
+
+S. G. C.
+
+After the sensible Note of your correspondent E. H., it is perhaps hardly
+necessary to say more on the subject of aspirated and mute _h_. If these
+remarks, therefore, seem superfluous, they may easily be suppressed, and
+that too without any offence to the writer. {395}
+
+It is very dangerous to dogmatise on the English language. We really have
+no authority to which we can confidently appeal, except the usage of good
+society: "Quem penes arbitrium est, et jus et norma loquendi."
+Unfortunately, however, every man is convinced, that in _his own_ society
+that usage is to be found; and your correspondents, who have agreed in
+approving the _Heapian_ pronunciation, will probably, on that ground, still
+retain the same opinion.
+
+The only words in the English language, in which _h_ is written, but not
+pronounced, are words derived from Latin through the French; but of these,
+many in English retain the aspirate, though in French nearly all lose it.
+The exceptions collected by E. H. satisfactorily prove that we do not
+follow the French rule implicitly. They indeed carry the non-aspiration
+farther than to words of Latin derivation. They omit the aspirate to nearly
+all words derived from Greek. This we never do. I think that E. H.'s rule,
+of always aspirating _h_ before _u_, is not entirely without exceptions.
+Except in Ireland, I never heard _humour_ or _humorous_ aspirated, though
+in _humid_ and _humect_ the _h_ is always sounded. If this be right, it
+depends solely on the usage of good society, and not on rules laid down by
+Walker or Lindley Murray, whose authority we do _not_ acknowledge as
+infallible. I may here remark, that no arguments can be drawn from our
+Liturgy or translation of the Bible that would not prove too much. If,
+because we find in our Liturgy "an _humble_, lowly, and obedient heart," we
+are to read "an _'umble_," we must also read "an 'undred, an 'ouse, an
+'eap, an 'eart;" for _an_ was prefixed in our Liturgy as well as in our
+translated Bible to _every_ word beginning with _h_, and not (as one of
+your correspondents supposes) only to words beginning with silent _h_.
+Among young clergymen there is a growing habit (derived I suppose from
+Walker, or other such sources) of indulging in the _Heapian_ dialect. I
+think Mr. Dickens will have done us more good by his ridicule, than will
+ever be effected by serious arguments; and I feel as much obliged to him as
+to E. H. To show how dangerous it is to be bound by a mere grammarian
+authority, a disciple of Vaugelas or Restaut (no insignificant names in
+French philology) would be led to read _les heros_ as if it were "les
+zeros."
+
+E. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SCHOOL LIBRARIES.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 220.)
+
+I can answer MR. WELD TAYLOR for at least one public school having no
+library, nor any books for other purposes than tasks, _i.e._ Christ's
+Hospital, London: whether any other metropolitan schools are provided with
+books I do not know. When I was at the above school, at all events, we had
+no books except for learning out of; whether reform has crept in since I
+was there, twenty-five years ago, I cannot say. I speak of then, not now.
+
+I remember very well a dusty cupboard with "Read, Mark, Learn," painted in
+ostentatious letters on it. And these profound words were just like a park
+gate with high iron railings, where you may peep in and get no farther--no
+more could we: for we never saw the inside of it, and nobody could say
+where the key was, therefore what flowery _pleasaunce_ of knowledge it
+contained nobody perhaps knows to this day. I also remember how greedily
+any entertaining book was borrowed, begged, and circulated; and thumbed and
+dog's-eared to admiration. _Rasselas_ and _Gulliver's Travels_, _Robinson
+Crusoe_, or _Sandford and Merton_, poor things! they became at last what
+might be supposed a public arsenal of umbrellas would at the last.
+
+When I reflect on that time, and the dreary winter's evenings, trundled to
+bed almost by daylight, my very heart sinks. What a luxury if some
+Christian had been allowed to read aloud for an hour, instead of lying
+awake studying the ghastly lamp that swung from the ceiling in the
+dormitory; or if some one with a modicum of information had given half an
+hour's lecture on some entertaining branch of science. Perhaps these
+antique schools are reformed in some measure, or perhaps they are waiting
+till their betters are.
+
+I observe, however, that certain parish work-house schools have, within
+these few days, taken the hint. Perhaps our public schools, for some are
+very wealthy, may be able to afford to follow their example.
+
+E. H.
+
+Wimborne Minster, Dorset.
+
+Marlborough College possesses a library of about four thousand volumes,
+entirely the munificent contribution of Mr. M^cGeachy, one of the council.
+The boys of the fifth and sixth forms are allowed access daily at certain
+fixed hours, the librarian being present. In addition to this, libraries
+are now being formed in each house, which are maintained by small
+half-yearly subscriptions, and which will contain books of a more amusing
+character, and better suited for the younger boys.
+
+B. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--If this subject be not already exhausted, the
+following account of my method of preparing the material in question, which
+differs in some few important particulars from any I have seen published,
+may be of interest to some of my brother operators. {396}
+
+I have, after a very considerable number of experiments, succeeded in
+producing the _very highly_ varnished appearance so conspicuous in some of
+the foreign proofs; and although I cannot say I admire it in general, more
+especially as regards landscapes, yet it is sometimes very effective for
+portraits, giving a depth of tone to the shadows, and a roundness to the
+flesh, which is very striking. Moreover, a photographer may just as well be
+acquainted with every kind of manipulation connected with the art.
+
+Having but a very moderate amount of spare time, and that at uncertain
+intervals, to devote to this seductive pursuit, I am always a great
+stickler for _economy of time_ in all the processes, as well as for economy
+of material, the former with me having, perhaps, a shade more influence
+than the latter.
+
+As in all other processes, I find that the _kind of paper_ made use of has
+a most important bearing upon the result. That which I find the best is of
+French manufacture, known as Canson Freres' (both the thin and the thick
+sorts), probably in consequence of their being sized with starch. The thin
+sort (the same as is generally used for waxed-paper negatives) takes the
+highest polish, but more readily embrowns after being rendered sensitive,
+and the lights are not ever quite so white as when the positive paper is
+used.
+
+In order to save both time and labour, I prepare my papers in the _largest_
+sizes that circumstances will admit of, as it takes little or no more time
+to prepare and render sensitive a large sheet than a small one; and as I
+always apply the silver solution by means of the glass rod, I find that a
+half-sheet of Canson's paper (being seventeen inches by eleven inches the
+half-sheet) is the best size to operate on. If the whole sheet is used, it
+requires _more_ than double the quantity of solution to ensure its being
+properly covered, which additional quantity is simply so much waste.
+
+A most convenient holder for the paper whilst being operated upon, is one
+suggested by Mr. Horne of Newgate Street, and consists of a piece of
+half-inch Quebec yellow pine plank (a soft kind of deal), eleven inches by
+seventeen inches, screwed to a somewhat larger piece of the same kind, but
+with the grain of the wood at right angles to the upper piece, in order to
+preserve a perfectly flat surface. On to the upper piece is glued a
+covering of japanned-flannel, such as is used for covering tables, taking
+care to select for the purpose that which has no raised pattern, the
+imitation of rosewood or mahogany being unexceptionable on that account.
+The paper can be readily secured to the arrangement alluded to by means of
+a couple of pins, one at each of two opposite angles, the wood being
+sufficiently soft to admit of their ready penetration.
+
+_To prepare the Albumen._--Take the white of _one_ egg; this dissolve in
+one ounce of distilled water, two grains of chloride of sodium (common
+salt), and two grains of _grape_ sugar; mix with the egg, whip the whole to
+froth, and allow it to stand until it again liquefies. The object of this
+operation is to thoroughly incorporate the ingredients, and render the
+whole as homogeneous as possible.
+
+A variety in the resulting tone is produced by using ten grains of sugar of
+milk instead of the grape sugar.
+
+The albumen mixture is then laid on to the paper by means of a flat
+camel's-hair brush, about three inches broad, the mixture being first
+poured into a cheese plate, or other flat vessel, and all froth and bubbles
+carefully removed from the surface. Four longitudinal strokes with such a
+brush, if properly done, will cover the whole half-sheet of paper with an
+even thin film; but in case there are any lines formed, the brush may be
+passed very lightly over it again in a direction at right angles to the
+preceding. The papers should then be allowed to remain on a perfectly level
+surface until nearly dry, when they may be suspended for a few minutes
+before the fire, to complete the operation. In this condition the glass is
+but moderate, and as is generally used; but if, after the first drying
+before the fire, the papers are again subjected to precisely the same
+process, the negative paper will shine like polished glass. That is coated
+again with the albumenizing mixture, and dried as before.
+
+One egg, with the ounce of water, &c., is enough to cover five half-sheets
+with two layers, or five whole sheets with one.
+
+I rarely iron my papers, as I do not find any advantage therein, because
+the moment the silver solution is applied the albumen becomes coagulated,
+and I cannot discover the slightest difference in the final result, except
+that when the papers are ironed I sometimes find flaws and spots occur from
+some carelessness in the ironing process.
+
+If the albumenized paper is intended to be kept for any _long_ time before
+use, the ironing may be useful as a protection against moisture, provided
+the _iron be sufficiently hot_; but the temperature ought to be
+considerable.
+
+To render the paper sensitive, I use a hundred-grain solution of nitrate of
+silver, of which forty-five minims will exactly cover the sheet of
+seventeen inches by eleven inches, if laid on with the glass rod. A weaker
+solution will do, but with the above splendid tints may be produced. As to
+the ammonio-nitrate of silver, I have totally abandoned its use, and, after
+many careful experiments, I am satisfied that its extra sensitiveness is a
+delusion, while the rapid tendency of paper prepared with it to spoil is
+increased tenfold.
+
+The fixing, of course, modifies considerably the tone of the proof, but
+almost any desired shade {397} may be attained by following the plan of MR.
+F. M. LYTE, published in "N. & Q.," provided the negative is sufficiently
+intense to admit of a considerable degree of over-printing.
+
+It is a fact which appears to be entirely overlooked by many operators,
+that the _intensity_ of the negative is the chief agent in conducing to
+black tones in the positive proof; and it is almost impossible to produce
+them if the negative is poor and weak: and the same observation applies to
+a negative that has been _over_-exposed.
+
+GEO. SHADBOLT.
+
+_Cement for Glass Baths._--The best I have tried is Canada balsam. My baths
+I have had in use five years, and have used them for exciting, developing
+hypo. and cyanide, and are as good as when first used.
+
+NOXID.
+
+_New Process for Positive Proofs._--I have tried a method of preparing my
+paper for positive proofs, which, as I have not seen it mentioned as
+employed by others, and the results appear to me very satisfactory, I am
+induced to communicate to you, and to accompany by some specimens, which
+will enable you to judge of the amount of success.
+
+I use a glass cylinder, with air-pump attached, such as that described by
+MR. STEWART as employed by him for iodizing his paper. I put in this the
+salt solution, and that I use is thus composed: 2 drachms of sugar of milk,
+dissolved in 20 ounces of water, adding--
+
+  Chloride of barium             15 grs.
+  Chloride of sodium             15 grs.
+  Chloride of ammonium           15 grs.
+
+In this I plunge several sheets of paper rolled into a coil (taking care
+that they are covered by the solution), and exhaust the air. I leave them
+thus for a few minutes, then take them out and hang them up to dry; or as
+the sheets are rather difficult to pin, from the paper giving way, spread
+them on a frame, across which any common kind of coarse muslin or tarletan,
+such as that I inclose, is stretched.
+
+I excite with ammonio-nitrate of silver, 30 grains to 1 ounce of water,
+applied with a flat brush.
+
+I fix in a bath of plain hypo. of the strength of one-sixth. The bath in
+which the inclosed specimens were fixed has been in use for some little
+time, and therefore has acquired chloride of silver.
+
+I previously prepared my paper by _brushing_ it with the same salt
+solution, and the difference of effect produced may be seen by comparing a
+proof so obtained, which I inclose, with the others. This latter is of
+rather a reddish-brown, and not very agreeable tint. I have inclosed the
+proofs as printed on paper of Whatman, Turner, and Canson Freres, so as to
+show the effect in each case. The advantages which the mode I have detailed
+possesses are, I think, these:
+
+Greater sensitiveness in the paper,
+
+A good black tint, and
+
+Greater freedom from spots and blemishes, all very material merits.
+
+C. E. F.
+
+    [Our Correspondent has forwarded five specimens, four of which are
+    certainly very satisfactory, the fifth is the one prepared by
+    brushing.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Groaning Elm-plank in Dublin_ (Vol. viii., p. 309.).--DR. RIMBAULT has
+given an account of the groaning-board, one of the popular delusions of two
+centuries ago: the following notice of it, extracted from my memoir of Sir
+Thomas Molyneux, Bart., M.D., and published in the _Dublin University_ for
+September, 1841, may interest your readers:
+
+    "In one of William Molyneux's communications he mentions the exhibition
+    of 'the groaning elm-plank' in Dublin, a curiosity that attracted much
+    attention and many learned speculations about the years 1682 and 1683.
+    He was, however, too much of a philosopher to be gulled with the rest
+    of the people who witnessed this so-called 'sensible elm-plank,' which
+    is said to have groaned and trembled on the application of a hot iron
+    to one end of it. After explaining the probable cause of the noise and
+    tremulousness by its form and condition, and by the sap being made to
+    pass up through the pores or tubuli of the plank which was in some
+    particular condition, he says: 'But, Tom, the generality of mankind is
+    lazy and unthoughtful, and will not trouble themselves to think of the
+    reason of a thing: when they have a brief way of explaining anything
+    that is strange by saying, "The devil's in it," what need they trouble
+    their heads about pores, and matters, and motion, figure, and
+    disposition, when the devil and a witch shall solve the phenomena of
+    nature.'"
+
+W. R. WILDE.
+
+_Passage in Whiston_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--J. T. complains of not being
+able to find a passage in Whiston, which he says is referred to in p. 94.
+of _Taylor on Original Sin_, Lond. 1746. I do not know what Taylor he
+refers to. Jeremy Taylor wrote a treatise on original sin; but he lived
+before Whiston. I have looked into two editions of the _Scripture Doctrine
+of Original Sin_, by John Taylor, one of Lond. 1741, and another of Lond.
+1750; but in neither of these can I find any mention of Mr. Whiston.
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+"_When Orpheus went down_" (Vol. viii., pp. 196. 281.).--In addition to the
+information given upon this old song by MR. OLDENSHAW, I beg to add the
+following. It was written for and sung {398} by Mr. Beard, in a pantomimic
+entertainment entitled _Orpheus and Euridice_, acted at the theatre in
+Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1740. The author of the entertainment was Mr. Henry
+Sommer, but the song in question was "translated from the Spanish" by the
+Rev. Dr. Samuel Lisle, who died Rector of Burclere, Hants, 1767. It was
+long very popular, and is found in almost all the song-books of the latter
+half of the last century. Mr. Park, the editor of the last edition of
+Ritson's _English Songs_ (vol. ii. p. 153.), has the following note upon
+this song:
+
+    "An answer to this has been written in the way of echo, and in defence
+    of the fair sex, whom the Spanish author treated with such libellous
+    sarcasm."
+
+As this "echo song" is not given by Ritson or his editor, I have
+transcribed it from a broadside in my collection. It is said to have been
+written by a lady.
+
+  "When Orpheus went down to the regions below,
+    To bring back the wife that he lov'd,
+  Old Pluto, confounded, as histories show,
+    To find that his music so mov'd:
+  That a woman so good, so virtuous, and fair,
+    Should be by a man thus trepann'd,
+  To give up her freedom for sorrow and care,
+    He own'd she deserv'd to be damn'd.
+
+  "For punishment he never study'd a whit,
+    The torments of hell had not pain
+  Sufficient to curse her; so Pluto thought fit
+    Her husband should have her again.
+  But soon he compassion'd the woman's hard fate,
+    And, knowing of mankind so well,
+  He recall'd her again, before 'twas too late,
+    And said, she'd be happier in hell."
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+_Foreign Medical Education_ (Vol. viii., p. 341.).--Your correspondent
+MEDICUS will find some information respecting _some_ of the foreign
+universities in the _Lancet_ for 1849, and the _Medical Times and Gazette_
+for 1852. For France he will find all he wants in Dr. Roubaud's _Annuaire
+Medical et Pharmaceutique de la France_, published by Bailliere, 219.
+Regent Street.
+
+M. D.
+
+"_Short red, good red_" (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--Sir Walter has probably
+borrowed this saying from the story of Bishop Walchere, when he related the
+murder of Adam, Bishop of Caithness. This tragical event is told in the
+_Chronicle of Mailros_, under the year 1222; also in _Forduni
+Scotichronicon_, and in Wyntoun's _Chronicle_, book vii. c. ix.; but the
+words "short red, good red," do not appear in these accounts of the
+transaction.
+
+J. MN.
+
+_Collar of SS._ (Vols. iv.-vii. _passim_).--At the risk of frightening you
+and your correspondents, I venture to resume this subject, in consequence
+of a circumstance to which my attention has just been directed.
+
+In the parish church of Swarkestone in Derbyshire there is a monument to
+Richard Harpur, one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas in the reign
+of Elizabeth; on which he is represented in full judicial costume, with the
+collar of SS., which I am told by the minister of the parish is "distinctly
+delineated." It may be seen in Fairholt's _Costumes of England_, p. 278.
+
+As far as I am aware, this is the only instance, either on monuments or in
+portraits, of a _puisne_ judge being ornamented with this decoration. Can
+any of your correspondents produce another example? or can they account,
+from any other cause, for Richard Harpur receiving such a distinction? or
+may I not rather attribute it to the blunder of the sculptor?
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_Who first thought of Table-turning_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--It is
+impossible to say who discovered the table-turning experiment, but it
+undoubtedly had its origin in the United States. It was practised here
+three years ago, and, although sometimes associated with spirit-rappings,
+has more frequently served for amusement. On this connexion it may be
+proper to say that Professor Faraday's theory of unconscious muscular force
+meets with no concurrence among those who know anything about the subject
+in this country. It is notorious that large tables have been moved
+frequently by five or six persons, whose fingers merely touched them,
+although upon each was seated a stout man, weighing a hundred and fifty or
+sixty pounds: neither involuntary nor voluntary muscular force could have
+effected _that_ physical movement, when there was no other _purchase_ on
+the table than that which could be gained by a pressure of the tips of the
+fingers.
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Passage of Thucydides on the Greek Factions_ (Vol. vii., p. 594.; Vol.
+viii., pp. 44. 137.).--My attempt to find the passage attributed by Sir A.
+Alison to Thucydides in the real Thucydides was unsuccessful for the best
+of reasons, viz. that it does not exist there. He has probably borrowed it
+from some modern author, who, as it appears to me, has given a loose
+paraphrase of the words which I cited from _Thucyd._ III. 82., and has
+expanded the thought in a manner not uncommon with some writers, by adding
+the expression about the "sword and poniard." Some other misquotations of
+Sir A. Alison from the classical writers may be seen in the _Edinburgh
+Review_ for April last, No. CXCVIII. p. 275.
+
+L.
+
+_Origin of "Clipper" as applied to Vessels_ (Vol. viii., p. 100.).--For
+many years the fleetest sailing vessels built in the United States were
+{399} constructed at Baltimore. They were very sharp, long, low; and their
+masts were inclined at a much greater angle than usual with those in other
+vessels. Fast sailing pilot boats and schooners were thus rigged; and in
+the last war with England, privateers of the Baltimore build were
+universally famed for their swiftness and superior sailing qualities. "A
+Baltimore clipper" became the expression among shipbuilders for a vessel of
+peculiar make; in the construction of which, fleetness was considered of
+more importance than a carrying capacity. When the attention of naval
+architects was directed to the construction of swift sailing ships, they
+were compelled to adopt the clipper shape. Hence the title "Clipper Ship,"
+which has now extended from America to England.
+
+[Old English W].
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--In the third edition of _In
+Memoriam_, LXXXIX., 1850, the last line mentioned by W. T. M. is "Flits by
+the sea-blue bird of March," instead of "blue sea-bird." This reading
+appears to be a better one. I would suggest that the bird meant by Tennyson
+was the Tom-tit, who, from his restlessness, may be said to flit among the
+bushes.
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--This work of the
+learned Bishop of Avranches was written in Latin, and translated into
+French by J. B. Desrockes de Parthenay. It forms part of the second volume
+of a collection of treatises edited by Bruzen de la Martiniere, under the
+title of _Traites Geographiques et Historiques pour faciliter
+l'intelligence de l'Ecriture Sainte, par divers auteurs celebres_, 1730, 2
+vols. 12mo.
+
+I am unable to reply to EDINA's second Query, as to the result of Huet's
+assertions.
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+_Sincere_ (Vol. viii., pp. 195. 328.).--The derivation of this word from
+_sine cera_ appears very fanciful. If this were the correct derivation, we
+should expect to find _sinecere_, for the _e_ would scarcely be dropped;
+just as we have the English word _sinecure_, which is the only compound of
+the preposition _sine_ I know; and is itself _not a Latin word_, but of a
+later coinage. Some give as the derivation _semel_ and [Greek: kerao]--that
+is, once mixed, without adulteration; the [Greek: e] being lengthened, as
+the Greek [Greek: akeratos]. The proper spelling would then be _simcerus_,
+and euphonically _sincerus_: thus we have _sim-plex_, which does not mean
+without a fold, but (_semel plico_, [Greek: pleko]) once folded. So also
+_singulus_, semel and termination. The proper meaning may be from tablets,
+_ceratae tabellae_, which were "once smeared with wax" and then written upon;
+they were then _sincerae_, without forgery or deception. If they were in
+certain places covered with wax again, for the purpose of adding something
+secretly and deceptively, they cease to be _sincerae_.
+
+J. T. JEFFCOCK.
+
+[Pi]. [Beta]. asks me for some authority for the alleged practice of Roman
+potters (or crock-vendors) to rub wax into the flaws of their unsound
+vessels. This was the very burden of my Query! I am no proficient in the
+Latin classics: yet I think I know enough to predicate that [Pi]. [Beta].
+is wrong in his version of the line--
+
+  "Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcunque infundis acescit."
+
+I understand this line as referring to the notorious fact, that some
+liquors turn sour if the air gets to them from without. "Sincerum vas" is a
+sound or air-tight vessel. In another place (_Sat._, lib. i. 3.), Horace
+employs the same figure, where he says that we "call evil good, and good
+evil," figuring the sentiment thus:
+
+  "At nos virtutes ipsas invertimus, atque
+  Sincerum cupimus vas _incrustare_"--
+
+meaning, of course, that we bring the vessel into suspicion, by treating it
+as if it were flawed. Dryden, no doubt, knew the radical meaning of
+_sincere_ when he wrote the lines cited by Johnson:
+
+  "He try'd a tough well-chosen spear;
+  Th' inviolable body stood sincere."
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_The Saltpetre Man_ (Vol. viii., p. 225.).--In addition to the curious
+particulars of this office, I send you an extract from Abp. Laud's _Diary_:
+
+    "December 13, Monday. I received letters from Brecknock; that the
+    _saltpeter man_ was dead and buried the Sunday before the messenger
+    came. This _saltpeter man_ had digged in the Colledge Church for his
+    work, bearing too bold upon his commission. The news of it came to me
+    to London about November 26. I went to my Lord Keeper, and had a
+    messenger sent to bring him up to answer that sacrilegious abuse. He
+    prevented his punishment by death."
+
+JOHN S. BURN.
+
+_Major Andre_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--There is in the picture gallery of
+Yale College, New Haven, Conn., an original sketch of Major Andre, executed
+by himself with pen and ink, and without the aid of a glass. It was drawn
+in his guard-room on the morning of the day first fixed for his execution.
+
+J. E.
+
+_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--A DOUBTER is informed that the
+_National Intelligencer_ (published at Washington, and edited by Messrs.
+Gales and Seaton) is the authority for my statement respecting Mrs.
+Singleton, and her advanced age. If A DOUBTER is desirous of satisfying
+himself more fully respecting its correctness, he has but {400} to write to
+the above-named gentlemen, or to the English Consul at Charleston, S. C.,
+and his wish will doubtless be gratified. I cannot but hope that your
+correspondent's "fifty cents worth of reasons" for doubting my statement is
+now, or shortly will be, removed.
+
+If A DOUBTER intends to be in New York while the present Exhibition is
+open, he will have an opportunity of seeing a negro of the age of _one
+hundred and twenty-four_, who once belonged to General Washington, and from
+whom he could very possibly obtain some information respecting the aged
+"nurse" of the first President of the United States mentioned in his note.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+_Passage in Virgil_ (Vol. viii., p. 370.).--The passage for which your
+correspondent R. FITZSIMONS makes inquiry is to be found in the Eighth
+Eclogue, at the 44th and following lines:
+
+  "Nunc scio quid sit Amor," &c.
+
+The application by Johnson seems to be so plain as to need no explanation.
+
+F. B--W.
+
+_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--Your
+correspondent H. P. will find the love charm, consisting of a fig-shaped
+excrescence on a foal's forehead, and called _Hippomanes_, alluded to by
+Juvenal, _Sat._ VI. 133.:
+
+  "Hippomanes, carmenque loquar, coctumque venenum,
+  Privignoque datum?"
+
+And again, 615.:
+
+              "ut avunculus ille Neronis,
+  Cui totam tremuli frontem Caesonia pulli
+  Infudit."
+
+It was supposed that the dam swallowed this excrescence immediately on the
+birth of her foal, and that, if prevented doing so, she lost all affection
+for it.
+
+However, the name Hippomanes was applied to two other things. Theocritus
+(II. 48.) uses it to signify some herb which incites horses to madness if
+they eat of it.
+
+And again, Virgil (_Geor._ III. 280.), Propertius, Tibullus, Ovid, &c.,
+represent it as a certain _virus_:
+
+  "Hippomanes cupidae stillat ab inguine equae."
+
+The subject is an unpleasant one, and H. P. is referred for farther
+information to Pliny, VIII. 42. s. 66., and XXVIII. 11. s. 80.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+This lump was called _Hippomanes_; which also more truly designated,
+according to Virgil, another thing. The following paragraphs from Mr.
+Keightley's excellent _Notes on Virgil's Bucolics and Georgics_ will fully
+explain both meanings:
+
+    "_Hippomanes_, horse-rage: the pale yellow fluid which passes from a
+    mare at that season [_i. e._ when she is horsing] (cf. _Tibul._ II. 4.
+    58.), of which the smell (_aura_, v. 251.) incites the horse.
+
+    "_Vero nomine._ Because the bit of flesh which was said to be on the
+    forehead of the new-born foal, and which the mare was supposed to
+    swallow, was called by the same name (see _AEn._ IV. 515.); and also a
+    plant in Arcadia (_Theocr._ II. 48.). With respect to the former
+    Hippomanes, Pliny, who detailed truth and falsehood with equal faith,
+    says (VIII. 42.) that it grows on the foal's forehead; is of the size
+    of a dried fig (_carica_), and of a black colour; and that if the mare
+    does not swallow it immediately, she will not let the foal suck her.
+    Aristotle (_H. A._, VIII. 24.) says this is merely an old wives' tale.
+    He mentions, however, the [Greek: polion], or bit of livid flesh, which
+    we call the foal's bit, and which he says the mare ejects before the
+    foal."--_Notes, &c._, p. 273. on _Georgic._ III. 280. ff.
+
+With regard to the plant called _Hippomanes_, commentators, as may be seen
+from Kiessling's note on Theocritus, ii. 48., are by no means agreed.
+Certainly Andrews, in his edition of Freund, is wrong in referring Virgil
+_Georgic._ III. 283. to that meaning. The use of _legere_ probably misled.
+
+E. S. JACKSON.
+
+_Wardhouse, where was?_ (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--It probably is the same as
+Wardoehuus or Vardoehus, a district and town in Norwegian Finmark, on the
+shores of the Arctic Ocean, inhabited principally by fishermen.
+
+W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+Wallington.
+
+_Divining Rod_ (Vol. viii., p. 293.).--The inquirer should read the
+statement made by Dr. Herbert Mayo, in his letters _On the Truths contained
+in Popular Superstitions_, 1851, pp. 3-21. To the facts there recorded I
+may add, that I have heard Mr. Dawson Turner relate that he himself saw the
+experiment of the divining rod satisfactorily carried out in the hands of
+Lady Noel Byron; and some account of it is to be found, I believe, in an
+article by Sir F. Palgrave, in the _Quarterly Review_.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Waugh, Bishop of Carlisle_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--His arms are engraved
+on a plate dedicated to him by Willis, in his _Survey of the Cathedrals of
+England_, 1742, vol. i. p. 284., and appear thus, _Argent, on a chevron
+gules, three besants_; but in a MS. collection by the late Canon Rowling of
+Lichfield, relating to bishops' arms, I find his coat thus given,--_Argent,
+on a chevron engrailed gules, three besants_. The variation may have arisen
+from an error of the engraver. It appears from Willis that Dr. Waugh was a
+fellow of Queen's College, Oxford; and the entry of his matriculation would
+no doubt show in what part of England his family resided. He was
+successively Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean
+of Gloucester; and Bishop of {401} Carlisle; to which latter dignity he was
+promoted in August, 1723.
+
+[mu].
+
+_Pagoda_ (Vol. v., p. 415.).--The European word pagoda is most probably
+derived, by transposition of the syllables, from _da-go-ba_, which is the
+Pali or Sanscrit name for a Budhist temple. It appears probable that the
+Portuguese first adopted the word in Ceylon, the modern holy isle of
+Budhism.
+
+PH.
+
+Rangoon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  FORD'S HANDBOOK OF SPAIN. Vol. I.
+
+  AUSTIN CHEIRONOMIA.
+
+  REV. E. IRVING'S ORATIONS ON DEATH, JUDGMENT, HEAVEN, AND HELL.
+
+  THOMAS GARDENER'S HISTORY OF DUNWICH.
+
+  MARSH'S HISTORY OF HURSLEY AND BADDESLEY. About 1805. 8vo. Two Copies.
+
+  OSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635.
+
+PAMPHLETS.
+
+  JUNIUS DISCOVERED. By P. T. Published about 1789.
+
+  REASONS FOR REJECTING THE EVIDENCE OF MR. ALMON, &c. 1807.
+
+  ANOTHER GUESS AT JUNIUS. Hookham. 1809.
+
+  THE AUTHOR OF JUNIUS DISCOVERED. Longmans. 1821.
+
+  THE CLAIMS OF SIR P. FRANCIS REFUTED. Longmans. 1822.
+
+  WHO WAS JUNIUS? Glynn. 1837.
+
+  SOME NEW FACTS, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+  A REGISTER OF ELECTIONS, by H. S. Smith, of Leeds (published in Parts).
+
+  JAMES' NAVAL HISTORY. Vols. III., IV., and V. 8vo. 6-Vol. Edition by
+      Bentley.
+
+                  Wanted by _Mr. J. Howes_, Stonham-Aspall, Suffolk.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  MONUMENTS AND GENII OF ST. PAUL'S AND WESTMINSTER ABBEY, by G. L. Smith.
+      London. J. Williams. 1826. Vol. I.
+
+                  Wanted by _Charles Reed_, Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  DR. PETTINGALL'S TRACT ON JURY TRIAL, 1769.
+
+                  Wanted by _Mr. T. Stephens_, Merthyr Tydfil.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  HISTORY OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT, by Prideaux. Vol. I. 1717-18.
+
+  HISTORICAL MEMOIRS OF QUEENS OF ENGLAND, by Hannah Lawrence. Vol. II.
+
+  BRYAN'S DICTIONARY OF PAINTERS AND ENGRAVERS.
+
+  JARDINE'S NATURALIST'S LIBRARY. First Edition. All except first 13
+      Volumes.
+
+  PETER SIMPLE. Illustrated Edition. Saunders and Otley. Vols. II. and III.
+
+  HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SOMERSETSHIRE, by Rev. W. Phelps. 1839. All
+      except Parts I., II., III., V., VI., VII., and VIII.
+
+                  Wanted by _John Garland_, Solicitor, Dorchester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  POINTER'S BRITANNIA ROMANA. Oxford, 1724.
+
+  POINTER'S ACCOUNT OF A ROMAN PAVEMENT AT STUNSFIELD, OXON. Oxford, 1713.
+
+  ROMAN STATIONS IN BRITAIN. London, 1726.
+
+  A SURVEY OF ROMAN ANTIQUITIES IN SOME MIDLAND COUNTIES. London, 1726.
+
+                  Wanted by _Rev. J. W. Hewett_, Bloxham, Banbury.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  THEOBALD'S SHAKSPEARE RESTORED. 4to. 1726.
+
+  G. MACROPEDII, HECASTUS, FABULA. Antwerp, 1539. 8vo.
+
+                  Wanted by _William J. Thoms_, 25. Holywell Street,
+                      Millbank, Westminster.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  INDICATIONS OF SPRING, by Robt. Marsham, Esq., F.R.S.
+
+  THE VILLAGE CURATE, by Hurdis.
+
+  CALENDAR OF FLORA, by Stillingfleete.
+
+                  Wanted by _J. B. Whitborne_, 54. Russell Terrace,
+                      Leamington.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+BOOKS WANTED.--_We believe that gentlemen in want of particular books,
+either by way of loan or purchase, would find great facilities in obtaining
+them if their names and addresses were published, so that parties having
+the books might communicate directly with those who want them. Acting on
+this belief, we shall take advantage of the recent alteration in the law
+respecting advertisements, and in future, where our Correspondents desire
+to avail themselves of this new arrangement, shall insert their names and
+addresses--unless specially requested not to do so._
+
+ALL COMMUNICATIONS _should be addressed to the Editor, to the care of_ Mr.
+Bell, 186. Fleet Street. _They should be_ distinctly _written; and care
+should be taken that all Quotations are copied with accuracy; and in all
+cases of References to Books the editions referred to should be specified.
+Every distinct subject should form a separate communication; all inquiries
+respecting communications forwarded for insertion should specify the
+subjects of such communications._
+
+OUR PROSPECTUS _has been reprinted at the suggestion of several
+Correspondents, and we shall be happy to forward copies to any friends who
+may desire to assist us by circulating them._
+
+_We have just received the following communication:_
+
+_"Binocular Compound Microscope._--Will you allow me an _exiguum_ of your
+periodical for the purpose of explaining a seeming plagiarism at page 32.
+of my _Essay on the Stereoscope_? I have just seen, for the first time, the
+October number of the _Journal of Microscopical Science_, whereby I learn
+that Mr. Wenham and Mr. Riddell have anticipated me in the theory of the
+_Binocular Compound Microscope_. Up to this time I was not aware of the
+fact that the subject had received the attention it deserves, and my own
+suggestions, founded upon a series of careful experiments made during the
+last eight months, were thrown out for the simple purpose of calling
+attention to the utility and practicability of a _Binocular Compound
+Microscope_.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham."
+
+OLD GRUMBLETON.--_We believe the real origin of the phrase_ By hook or by
+crook _to be the "right of taking_ fire-bote by hook or by crook," _as
+explained in_ "N. & Q.," Vol. i., p. 405. _Much curious illustration of the
+phrase will be found in our earlier volumes._
+
+H. H. (Glasgow). _We cannot give the receipt you ask for. Brunswick black,
+which you will have no difficulty in procuring, answers very well._
+
+PONDERS END.--_The syllable_ ness, _in Sheerness, is the French_ nez _and
+the Danish_ naes, "_a point or tongue of land_."
+
+W. J. E. C. _has, we fear, only lately become a reader of_ "N. & Q.," _or
+he would have remembered the numerous communications in our pages on the
+subject of the pronunciation of_ Cowper's _name. The poet was called
+Cooper._
+
+SOL. _Sir D. Brewster's_ Treatise on Optics, _price 3s. 6d., published by
+Longman._
+
+A PARTY WHO WON'T, &c. _We are sorry to say we cannot alter the arrangement
+referred to._
+
+W. S. S. E. _It is impossible for us to undertake to insert a Query in the
+same week in which it is received._
+
+P. T. (Stoke Newington). _The communication respecting the_ Cotton Family
+_has been forwarded to_ R. W. C.
+
+J. M. _will find his Query respecting_ Apres moi le Deluge _has been
+anticipated by Mr. Douglas Jerrold in our_ 3rd Vol., p. 299. _Proofs of its
+antiquity are given in the same volume_, p. 397.
+
+_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 132. col. 2. l. 14., for "Britannica" read
+"Britannia;" p. 280. col. 2. l. 5., for "lower" read "cower;" p. 315. col.
+1. l. ult., for "Sprawley" read "Shrawley;" p. 360. col. 1. l. 35., dele
+"Hamsah;" p. 364. col. 2. l. 27., for "1653" read "1753."
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a
+Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ {402}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+APPARATUS FOR INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE.--Special Report on Grants to aid in
+the Purchase of Apparatus for Instruction in Science. By the REV. H.
+MOSELEY, M.A., F.R.S., Her Majesty's Inspector of Schools, &c., Jan. 5th,
+1853.--_Minutes of the Committee of Council on Education._
+
+JOHN J. GRIFFIN, F.C.S., begs to announce to Schoolmasters and the friends
+of Scientific Education, that the APPARATUS described in the above Report,
+as of his Manufacture, is arranged for Public Inspection at his
+Establishments, No. 10. Finsbury Square, and 119. & 120. Bunhill Row
+(removed from Baker Street), London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of
+
+PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, Ladies' Portmanteaus,
+
+DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and other travelling
+requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on receipt of Two
+Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of
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+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+  PETER MORRISON,
+  Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses free on application.
+
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+
+ACHILLES LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,--25. CANNON STREET, CITY.--The Advantages
+offered by this Society are Security, Economy, and lower Rates of Premium
+than most other Offices.
+
+No charge is made for Policy Stamps or Medical Fees. Policies indisputable.
+
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+
+For the convenience of the Working Classes, Policies are issued as low as
+20l. at the same Rates of Premium as larger Policies.
+
+Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained on application to
+
+  HUGH B. TAPLIN, Secretary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+  1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
+  HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, in 8vo., price 1s. 6d.
+
+A FIFTH LETTER to the REV. DR. MAITLAND on the GENUINENESS of the WRITINGS
+ascribed to CYPRIAN, BISHOP of CARTHAGE. By the REV. E. J. SHEPHERD, M.A.,
+Rector of Luddesdown; Author of the "History of the Church of Rome to the
+End of the Episcopate of Damasus."
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN & LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On the 1st November, 16 pp. crown 4to., price Threehalfpence.
+
+THE CHURCH OF THE PEOPLE. A Monthly Journal of Literature, Science, the
+Fine Arts, &c., &c., devoted to the Religious, Moral, Physical, and Social
+Elevation of the Working Classes. Under the Superintendence of a Committee.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Advertisements received until the 21st.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Collection of Autograph Letters.
+
+PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by
+AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on Wednesday, October 26th,
+a Small but very Interesting Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical
+Papers: amongst which are Two Holograph Letters of Oliver Cromwell, many
+others signed by him; a Letter of Richard Cromwell; a Holograph Letter of
+Martin Luther; many Interesting and Rare Letters connected with the History
+of Denmark and Sweden, relating to the affair of Count Struensee,
+&c.--Catalogues will be sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHARACTER FROM HANDWRITING.--MR. WARREN, of 9. Great College Street,
+Westminster, continues, with great success, to Delineate the Character of
+Individuals from their Handwriting. All Persons desirous of testing his
+Art, are invited to forward a Specimen of their ordinary Writing, together
+with Thirteen Postage Stamps, and a mention of their Sex and Age, to the
+above Address.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEAFNESS, CHRONIC OR ACUTE NERVOUS DEAFNESS, SINGING NOISES AND PAINS IN
+THE EARS.
+
+A NEW DISCOVERY FOR RESTORING HEARING, proved to be perfectly infallible,
+by which many thousands of sufferers have been instantly enabled to hear
+the human voice in a low tone without causing one instant's pain,
+inconvenience, or trouble to a child, or aged nervous sufferer of either
+sex. This truly important discovery for the cure of deafness, obviating as
+it does all the former dangerous and fatal operations, has been made by the
+eminent aurist, DR. DAVID THOMAS, ten years Consulting Surgeon, at 14.
+Stroud Street, Dover, the first application of which gives immediate
+relief, restoring the hearing in the most confirmed stages of deafness,
+whether from old age, nervousness, or any predisposing cause, to which
+children and adults are subject, and from which deafness follows the heavy
+affliction of noises in the head and ears, immediately removed by its use.
+Each sufferer can apply it himself: the proof and result being instantly
+convincing, as it enables the previously deaf person to hear common tone
+conversation, who before could only be made to hear by loud shouting in the
+ear, or by means of a powerful ear-trumpet. It has been applied by the
+Doctor on hundreds of suffering applicants at most of the ear infirmaries
+and hospitals, with perfect success, and in many thousands of cases to whom
+he has sent it many had not heard the human voice for half their life, and
+some not at all, who by its use alone are now perfectly restored to hearing
+and the society of their fellow-creatures, and enabled to hear distinctly
+in a place of worship.--Applicants who send a written statement of their
+case by letter, inclosing postage stamps or money order for 7s. 6d.,
+directed to DR. DAVID THOMAS, M.R.C.S.L., 14. Stroud Street, Dover, Kent,
+will receive the means of cure by return of post, with full directions for
+use. Personal consultation for deafness.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 12mo. cloth, 5s. Second Edition.
+
+MANUAL OF ASTRONOMY, by JOHN DREW, F.R.A.S., Ph. D.--This work, which is
+illustrated by 70 engravings on wood and stone, is intended for readers who
+are not extensively acquainted with mathematics. It conveys a general
+knowledge of the stupendous phenomena of nature, including all the modern
+discoveries down to the present time; directs those who possess telescopes
+how to use them, what objects to look for in the heavens, and where they
+are to be found; and gives familiar directions for the use and adjustment
+of the transit instrument, astronomical circle, and equatorial. It is
+peculiarly fitted for a text-book in schools, and is a good introduction
+for those who wish to obtain a knowledge of the present state of
+astronomical science.
+
+    "A very good little manual, with a number of well-engraved maps and
+    diagrams, and written in a brief and clear style, yet with sufficient
+    fulness to preserve it from dryness."--_Guardian._
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Second Edition, considerably enlarged, 14s.
+
+VARRONIANUS: a Critical and Historical Introduction to the Ethnography of
+Ancient Italy, and the Philological Study of the Latin Language. By J. W.
+DONALDSON, D.D., Head Master of King Edward's Grammar School, Bury St.
+Edmund's.
+
+By the same Author, Second Edition, 8vo. much enlarged, 18s.
+
+THE NEW CRATYLUS; Contributions towards a more Accurate Knowledge of the
+Greek Language.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. Cambridge: DEIGHTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Cheap Editions, crown 8vo., 4s. 6d. each, of
+
+ARCHBISHOP WHATELY'S LOGIC.
+
+WHATELY'S RHETORIC.
+
+Also, demy 8vo. Editions of WHATELY'S LOGIC AND RHETORIC (10s. 6d. each);
+printed uniformly with the Author's other Works.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Post 8vo., 6s.
+
+THEOPHILI EPISCOPI ANTIOCHENSIS LIBRI TRES AD AUTOLYCUM. Edidit
+Prolegomenis Versione Notulis Indicibus Instruxit GULIELMUS GILSON HUMPHRY,
+S.T.B., Collegi Sanctiss. Trin. Ap. Cantabrigienses Socius. Jussu
+Syndicorum Preli Academici, Cantabrigiae.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CRABB'S DICTIONARY.
+
+The Fifth Edition, corrected, enlarged, and brought down to the present
+time, by the REV. HENRY DAVIS, M.A., illustrated with 700 Engravings. Crown
+8vo., cloth, price 9s.
+
+A DICTIONARY OF GENERAL KNOWLEDGE, comprising an Explanation of Words and
+Things connected with Literature and Science, &c., by GEORGE CRABB, A.M.
+
+London: WILLIAM TEGG & CO., 85. Queen Street, Cheapside.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published,
+
+THE SHAKSPEARE REPOSITORY, No. IV., price Fourpence; or by post on receipt
+of Six Stamps, containing the following highly interesting Articles:---viz.
+Shakspeare and the Spanish Invasion--Shakspeare, the Poet Catholic--Old
+Notes on Shakspeare (now first published)--Bartholomew Fair in Edward the
+Second's Reign--German Works on Shakspeare, &c. &c.
+
+Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. {403}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
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+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+_Trustees._
+
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; T. Grissell, Esq.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
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+
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+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age      _L  s.  d._
+   17       1  14   4
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+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most
+celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of
+the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A
+Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra
+Copies for 10s.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and Cheapest.
+To be had in great variety at
+
+M^cMILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street.
+
+Price List Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+    food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."
+
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+    by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony,
+    Tiverton."
+
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+    food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any
+    inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk."
+
+_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._
+
+  "Bonn, July 19, 1852.
+
+"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, nourishing,
+and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all kinds of
+medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of body, as also
+diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as
+stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of
+the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This really
+invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory result, not only
+in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where irritation and pain are to be
+removed, but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, in which it
+counteracts effectually the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with
+perfect truth to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica
+is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption.
+
+  "DR. RUD WURZER,
+
+  "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M. D.
+  in Bonn."
+
+London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her
+Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all
+respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably
+packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s.
+6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb.
+and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry
+Co., 77. Regent Street, London.
+
+IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious
+imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and
+others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name
+BARRY, DU BARRY & Co., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which
+none is genuine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions
+(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at
+BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured Apparatus of
+every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of Photography in
+all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+*** Catalogues may be had on application.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
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+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand. have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA,
+is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist,
+from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment,
+its extreme Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or
+Portraits.--The Trade supplied.
+
+Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames,
+&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road,
+Islington.
+
+New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, in Complete Sets, in Portable Cabinets, at moderate
+prices.
+
+SMALL SET, price 7l. 7s., containing every requisite for taking Landscapes
+and Pictures of inanimate objects, to a size not exceeding 7 by 6 inches.
+
+LARGE SET, price 11l., for Pictures up to 10 by 8 inches.--N. B. A
+Collodion Picture made by each set is given with it, to show the quality of
+the Lenses.
+
+Every article for taking either Landscapes or Portraits on Silver, Paper,
+or Glass, may be had of the undersigned. An illustrated priced Catalogue of
+Photographic Apparatus, price 3d., Post Free.
+
+JOHN J. GRIFFIN, Chemist and Optician. 10. Finsbury Square (Manufactory,
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+REMARKS on some of Sir William Hamilton's Notes on the Works of Dr. Thomas
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