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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2008 [EBook #26753]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 30, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{421}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 183.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 30. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                               Page
+
+  Proclamation of Henry VIII. against the Possession of
+  Religious Books, by Joseph Burtt                        421
+
+  Latin: Latiner                                          423
+
+  Inedited Poems, by W. Honeycombe                        424
+
+  Round Towers of the Cyclades                            425
+
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, &c. 426
+
+  General Monk and the University of Cambridge            427
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Curiosities of Railway Literature--
+  Cromwell's Seal--Rhymes upon Places--Tom Track's Ghost  427
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Jacob Bobart and his Dragon, &c., By H. T. Bobart       428
+
+  Bishop Berkeley's Portrait, by Dr. J. H. Todd           428
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Life--"The Boy of Heaven"--
+  Bells--Captain Ayloff--Robert Johnson--Selling a Wife--
+  Jock of Arden--Inigo Jones--Dean Boyle--Euphormio--
+  Optical Query--Archbishop King--Neal's Manuscripts--
+  Whence the Word "Cossack?"--Picts' Houses and Argils--
+  The Drummer's Letter--The Cardinal Spider--New England
+  Genealogical Society, &c.                               429
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Dr. John Harcliffe,
+  Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby--"Haulf Naked"     431
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  The Legend of Lamech: Hebrew Etymology, by H. Walter,
+  T. J. Buckton, and Joseph Rix                           432
+
+  Lord Coke's Charge to the Jury                          433
+
+  White Roses, by James Crossley                          434
+
+  Burial of Unclaimed Corpse                              435
+
+  Psalmanazar, by James Crossley                          435
+
+  Grafts and the Parent Tree                              436
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Glass Baths--Securing
+  Calotype Negatives                                      437
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Wood of the Cross--Bishops'
+  Lawn Sleeves--Inscriptions in Books--Lines
+  quoted by Charles Lamb--Parochial Libraries--Huet's
+  Navigations of Solomon--Derby Municipal
+  Seal--Annueller--Rev. Richard Midgley, Vicar of
+  Rochdale--Nose of Wax--Canongate Marriages--Sculptured
+  Emaciated Figures--Do the Sun's Rays
+  put out the Fire?--Spontaneous Combustion--Ecclesia
+  Anglicana--Wyle Cop--Chaucer--Campvere, Privileges
+  of--Sir Gilbert Gerard--Mistletoe--Wild
+  Plants and their Names--Coninger or Coningry            437
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                     441
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            442
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                               442
+
+  Advertisements                                          442
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+PROCLAMATION OF HENRY VIII. AGAINST THE POSSESSION OF RELIGIOUS BOOKS.
+
+The progress of the Reformation in England must have been greatly affected
+by the extent to which the art of printing was brought to bear upon the
+popular mind. Before the charms of Anne Boleyn could have had much effect,
+or "doubts" had troubled the royal conscience, Wolsey had been compelled to
+forbid the introduction or printing of books and tracts calculated to
+increase the unsettled condition of the faith.
+
+The following proclamation, now for the first time printed, may have
+originated in the ineffectual result of the cardinal's directions. The
+readers of Strype and Fox will see that the threats which both contain were
+no idle ones, and that men were indeed "corrected and punisshed for theyr
+contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke
+trangressours."
+
+The list of books prohibited by the order of 1526 contains all those
+mentioned by name in the present proclamation, except the _Summary of
+Scripture_; and it will be seen that such full, general terms are used that
+no obnoxious production could escape, if brought to light. The _Revelation
+of Antichrist_ was written by Luther.
+
+Strype does not seem to have been aware of the existence of this particular
+proclamation, which was issued in the year 1530. Under the year 1534
+(_Ecclesiastical Memorials, &c._, Oxford, 1822, vol. i. part i. p. 253.),
+he thus refers to what he thought to be the first royal proclamation upon
+the subject:
+
+    "Much light was let in among the common people by the New Testament and
+    other good books in English, which, for the most part being printed
+    beyond sea, were by stealth brought into England, and dispersed here by
+    well-disposed men. For the preventing the importation and using of
+    these books, the king this year issued out a strict proclamation, by
+    the petition of the clergy now met in Convocation, in the month of
+    December.
+
+    "Nor was this the first time such books were prohibited to be brought
+    in: for us small quantities of them were secretly conveyed into these
+    parts from time to time, for the discovering, in that dark age, the
+    {422} gross papal innovations, as well in the doctrine of the Sacrament
+    as in image-worship, addressing to saints, purgatory, pilgrimages, and
+    the like.
+
+    "A previous order (in the year 1526) was issued by the Bishop of
+    London, by the instigation of Cardinal Wolsey, calling in all English
+    translations of the Scripture. And other books of this nature were then
+    forbid."
+
+This proclamation, therefore, well merits preservation in your pages, as
+one of the hitherto unknown "evidences" of the terrible and trying times to
+which it refers.
+
+It shows, too, the value of the class of papers upon which the Society of
+Antiquaries are bestowing so much attention. The original was found among a
+miscellaneous collection in the Chapter House, Westminster.
+
+JOSEPH BURTT.
+
+    A PROCLAMATION.
+
+    ... nse Junii Anno regni metuendissimi Domini nostri Regis Henrici
+    Octavi xxij.
+
+        A PROCLAMATION, made and divysed by the Kyngis Highnes, with the
+        advise of His Honorable Counsaile, for dampning of erronious bokes
+        and heresies, and prohibitinge the havinge of Holy Scripture
+        translated into the vulgar tonges of englische, frenche, or duche,
+        in suche maner as within this proclamation is expressed.
+
+    The Kinge, oure most dradde soveraigne lorde, studienge and providynge
+    dayly for the weale, benefite, and honour of this his most [n]oble
+    realme, well and evidently perceiveth, that partly through the
+    malicious suggestion of our gostly enemy, partly by the yvell and
+    perverse inclination and sedicious disposition of sundry persons,
+    divers heresies and erronio[us] [o]pinions have ben late sowen and
+    spredde amonge his subjectes of this his said realme, by blasphemous
+    and pestiferous englishe bokes, printed in other regions and sent into
+    this realme, to the entent as well to perverte and withdrawe the people
+    from the catholike and true fayth of Christe, as also to stirre and
+    incense them to sedition and disobedience agaynst their princes,
+    soveraignes, and heedes, as also to cause them to contempne and neglect
+    all good lawes, customes, and vertuous maners, to the final subversion
+    and desolacion of this noble realme, if they myght have prevayled
+    (which God forbyd) in theyr most cursed [p]ersuasions and malicious
+    purposes. Where upon the kynges hignes (_sic_), by his incomparable
+    wysedome, forseinge and most prudently considerynge, hath invited and
+    called to hym the primates of this his gracis realme, and also a
+    sufficient nombre of discrete, vertuous, and well-lerned personages in
+    divinite, as well of either of the universites, Oxforde and Cambrige,
+    as also hath chosen and taken out of other parties of his realme;
+    gyvinge unto them libertie to speke and declare playnly their advises,
+    judgmentes, and determinations, concernynge as well the approbation or
+    rejectynge of suche bokes as be in any parte suspected, as also the
+    admission and divulgation of the Olde and Newe Testament translated
+    into englishe. Wher upon his highnes, in his owne royall person,
+    callynge to hym the said primates and divines, hath seriously and
+    depely, with great leisure and longe deliberation, consulted, debated,
+    inserched, and discussed the premisses: and finally, by all their free
+    assentes, consentes, and agrementes, concluded, resolved, and
+    determyned, that these bokes ensuynge, that is to say, the boke
+    entitled the wicked Mammona, the boke named the Obedience of a Christen
+    Man, the Supplication of Beggars, and the boke called the Revelation of
+    Antichrist, the Summary of Scripture, and divers other bokes made in
+    the englisshe tonge, and imprinted beyonde y^e see, do conteyne in them
+    pestiferous errours and blasphemies; and for that cause, shall from
+    hensforth be reputed and taken of all men, for bokes of heresie, and
+    worthy to be dampned, and put in perpetuall oblivion. The kingis said
+    highnes therfore straitly chargeth and commandeth, all and every his
+    subjectes, of what astate or condition so ever he or they be, as they
+    wyll avoyde his high indignacion and most grevous displeasure, that
+    they from hensforth do not bye, receyve, or have, any of the bokes
+    before named, or any other boke, beinge in the englisshe tonge, and
+    printed beyonde the see, of what matter so ever it be, or any copie
+    written, drawen out of the same, or the same bokes in the frenche or
+    duche tonge. And to the entent that his highnes wylbe asserteyned, what
+    nombre of the said erronious bokes shal be founde from tyme to tyme
+    within this his realme, his highnes therfore chargeth and commaundeth,
+    that all and every person or persones, whiche hath or herafter shall
+    have, any boke or bokes in the englisshe tonge, printed beyonde the
+    see, as is afore written, or any of the sayde erronious bokes in the
+    frenche or duche tonge: that he or they, within fyftene dayes nexte
+    after the publisshynge of this present proclamation, do actually
+    delyver or sende the same bokes and every of them to the bisshop of the
+    diocese, wherin he or they dwelleth, or to his commissary, or els
+    before good testimonie, to theyr curate or parisshe preest, to be
+    presented by the same curate or parisshe preest to the sayd bisshop or
+    his commissary. And so doynge, his highnes frely pardoneth and
+    acquiteth them, and every of them, of all penalties, forfaitures, and
+    paynes, wherin they have incurred or fallen, by reason of any statute,
+    acte, ordinaunce, or proclamation before this tyme made, concernynge
+    any offence or transgression by than commytted or done, by or for the
+    kepynge or holdynge of the sayde bokes.
+
+    Forseen and provided alwayes, that they from hensforth truely do
+    observe, kepe, and obey this {423} his present gracis proclamation and
+    commaundement. Also his highnes commaundeth all mayres, sheriffes,
+    bailliffes, constables, bursholders, and other officers and ministers
+    within this his realme, that if they shall happen by any meanes or
+    wayes to knowe that any person or persons do herafter bye, receyve,
+    have, or deteyne any of the sayde erronious bokes, printed or written
+    anywhere, or any other bokes in englisshe tonge printed beyonde the
+    see, or the saide erronious bokes printed or written in the frenche or
+    duche tonge, contrarie to this present proclamation, that they beinge
+    therof well assured, do immediatly attache the said person or persons,
+    and brynge hym or them to the kynges highnes and his most honorable
+    counsayle; where they shalbe corrected and punisshed for theyr
+    contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke
+    transgressours.
+
+    Moreover his highnes commaundeth, that no maner of person or persons
+    take upon hym or them to printe any boke or bokes in englisshe tonge,
+    concernynge holy scripture, not before this tyme printed within this
+    his realme, untyll suche tyme as the same boke or bokes be examyned and
+    approved by the ordinary of the diocese where the said bokes shalbe
+    printed: And that the printer therof, upon every of the sayde bokes
+    beinge so examyned, do sette the name of the examynour or examynours,
+    with also his owne name, upon the saide bokes, as he will answere to
+    the kynges highnes at his uttermost peryll.
+
+    And farthermore, for as moche as it is come to the herynge of our sayde
+    soveraigne lorde the kynge, that reporte is made by dyvers and many of
+    his subjectes, that it were to all men not onely expedyent, but also
+    necessarye, to have in the englisshe tonge bothe the newe testament and
+    the olde, and that his highnes, his noble men, and prelates, were
+    bounden to suffre them so to have it: His highnes hath therfore
+    semblably there upon consulted with the sayde primates ... discrete,
+    and well lerned personages, in divinite forsayde, and by them all it is
+    thought, that it is not necessary th ... to be in the englisshe tonge,
+    and in the handes of the commen people; but that the distrib ... the
+    said scripture ... denyenge therof dependeth onely upon the discretion
+    of the superiours, as ... to the malignite of this present tyme, with
+    the inclination of the people to erroni ... the olde in to the vulgare
+    tonge of englysshe, shulde rather be the occasyon of ... people, than
+    any benfyte or commodite to warde the weale of their soules. And ... e
+    have the holy scripture expouned to them by preachers in theyr sermons,
+    ac ... this tyme, All be it if it shall here after appere to the kynges
+    highnes, that his sa ... rse, erronious, and sedicious opinyons, with
+    the newe testment and the olde, corrup ... ge in printe: And that the
+    same bokes and all other bokes of heresye, as well ... termynate and
+    exiled out of this realme of Englande for ever: his highnes e ... great
+    lerned and catholyke persones, translated in to the englisshe tonge, if
+    it sha[ll] than seme t ... conv ... his highnes at this tyme, by the
+    hoole advise and full determination of all the said primates, and ...
+    discrete and subs ... lerned personages of both universites, and other
+    before expressed, and by the assent of his nobles and others of his
+    moste hon[orab]le Counsayle, wylleth and straytly commaundeth, that all
+    and every person and persones, of what astate, degre, or condition so
+    ever he or they be, whiche hath the newe testament or the olde
+    translated in to englysshe, or any other boke of holy scripture so
+    translated, beynge in printe, or copied out of the bokes nowe beinge in
+    printe, that he or they do immediatly brynge the same boke or bokes, or
+    cause the same to be broughte to the bysshop of the dyocese where he
+    dwelleth, or to the handes of other the sayde persones, at the daye
+    afore limytted, in fourme afore expressed and mencioned, as he wyll
+    avoyde the kynges high indignation and displeasure. And that no person
+    or persons from hensforth do bye, receyve, kepe, or have the newe
+    testament or the olde in the englisshe tonge, or in the frenche or
+    duche tonge, excepte suche persones as be appoynted by the kinges
+    highnes and the bisshops of this his realme, for the correction or
+    amending of the said translation, as they will answere to the kynges
+    highnes at theyr uttermost perils, and wyll avoyde suche punisshement
+    as they, doynge contrary to the purport of this proclamation shall
+    suffre, to the dredefull example of all other lyke offenders.
+
+    And his highnes further commaundeth, that all suche statutes, actes and
+    ordinances, as before this tyme have been made and enacted, as well in
+    y^e tyme of his moste gracious reigne, as also in the tyme of his noble
+    progenitours, concernying heresies, and havynge and deteynynge
+    erronyous bokes, contrary and agynst the faythe catholyke, shall
+    immediatly be put in effectuall and due execution over and besyde this
+    present proclamation.
+
+    And god save the kynge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    THO. BERTHELETUS, Regius impressor excusit.
+    Cum privilegio.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LATIN--LATINER.
+
+It is interesting to note the great variety of significations in which the
+word Latin has been used. Sometimes it means Italian, sometimes Spanish,
+sometimes the Romance language. Again, it has been used as synonymous with
+language, learning, discourse; or to express that a matter is plain and
+intelligible. {424}
+
+Muratori, in describing the "Cangiamento dell' Lingua Latina nella volgare
+Italiana," observes,--
+
+    "Così a poco a poco il volgo di questa bella Provincia [Italia], oltre
+    adottare moltissimi vocaboli forestieri, andò ancora alterando i
+    proprj, cioè i Latini, cambiando le terminazioni delle parole,
+    accorciandole, allungandole, e corrompendole. In somma se ne formò un
+    nuovo Linguaggio, che _Volgare_ si appellava, perchè usato dal _Volgo
+    d'Italia._"--Muratori, _Della Perfetta Poesia Italiana_, tomo i. p. 6.,
+    ed. Venez., 1730.
+
+So Boccaccio, giving an account of the intention of his poem, the
+"Teseide," writes,--
+
+ "Ma tu, o libro, primo al lor cantare
+  Di Marte fai gli affanni sostenuti,
+  Nel _vulgar latino_ mai non veduti,"
+
+where, as in the letter to La Fiammetta, prefixed to this poem, _vulgar
+latino_ is evidently Italian ("Trovata una antichissima storia ... in
+_latino volgare_ ... ho ridotta"), and not the Provençal tongue, as Mr.
+Craik suggests in his _Literature and Learning in England_, vol. ii. p.
+48., where he supposes Boccaccio to have translated _from_, and not, as is
+clear, _into_, _latino volgare_.
+
+Dante repeatedly uses Latino for Italiano, as in _Purgatorio_, xi. 58.:
+
+ "Io fui Latino, e nato d'un gran Tosco."
+
+And in _Inf._ xxii. 65.:
+
+ "Conosci tu alcun, che sia Latino."
+
+In _Paradiso_, iii. 63.,
+
+ "Sì che il raffigurar m' è più _latino_,"
+
+_latino_ evidently means easy, clear, plain. "Forse contrario di barbaro,
+strano," says Volpi, "noi Lombardi in questo significato diciamo _ladin_."
+The "discreto latino" of Thomas Aquinas, elsewhere in _Paradiso_ (xii.
+144.), must mean "sage discourse." Chaucer, when he invokes the muse, in
+the proeme to the second book of "Troilus and Creseide," only asks her for
+rhyme, because, saith he,--
+
+ "Of no sentement I this endite,
+  But out of _Latine_ in my tongue it write."
+
+Where "Latine," of course, means Boccaccio's _Filostrato_, from which
+Chaucer's poem is taken.
+
+In the "Poema del Cid," _latinado_ seems to mean person conversant with the
+Spanish or Romance language of the period:
+
+ "Quando esta falsedad dicien los de Carrion,
+  Un Moro _Latinado_ bien gelo entendio."--v. 2675.
+
+Mr. Ticknor remarks, that when the Christian conquests were pushed on
+towards the south of Spain, the Moors, who remained inclosed in the
+Christian population, and spoke or assumed its language, were originally
+called _Moros Latinados_; and refers to the _Cronica General_, where,
+respecting Alfaraxi, a Moor, afterwards converted, and a counsellor of the
+Cid, it is said he was "de tan buen entendimento, e era tan _ladino_ que
+semejava Christiano."--Ticknor, _Hist. Span. Lit._, iii. 347.
+
+Cervantes (_Don Q._ Parte I. cap. xli.) uses _ladino_ to mean Spanish:
+
+    "Servianos de interprete a las mas destas palabras y razones el padre
+    de Zoraida como mas _ladino_."
+
+Latin, in fact, was so much _the_ language as to become almost synonymous
+with _a_ language. So a _Latiner_ was an interpreter, as it is very well
+expressed in Selden's _Table Talk_, art. "Language":
+
+    "Latimer is the corruption of _Latiner_: it signifies he that
+    interprets Latin; and though he interpreted French, Spanish, or
+    Italian, he was the king's Latiner, that is, the king's interpreter."
+
+This use of the word is well illustrated in the following extracts:
+
+ "A Knight ther language lerid in youth;
+  Breg hight that Knight, born Bretoun,
+  That lerid the language of Sessoun.
+  This Breg was the _Latimer_,
+  What scho said told Vortager."--Robert de Brunne's _Metrical Chronicle._
+
+ "Par soen demein _latinier_
+      .    .    .    .
+  Icil Morice iert _latinier_
+  Al rei Dermot, ke mult l'out cher."--_Norman-French Chronicle of Conquest
+      of Ireland_, edited by F. Michel (as quoted in Wright's _Essays_,
+      vol. ii. p. 215.).
+
+I here conclude, as I must not seek to monopolise space required for more
+valuable contributions.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+Tunbridge Wells.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INEDITED POEMS.
+
+I send you two poems which I have found in a little rough scrap-book of a
+literary character of last century, and which, not having myself met with
+in print, I trust you will consider worth preserving in your pages. The one
+styled "A Scotch Poem on the King and the Queen of the Fairies," has a vein
+of playful satire running through it, but I do not detect any word which
+justifies the ascription of its paternity to Scotland. Perhaps some of your
+readers would oblige me by indicating the source from which this poem has
+been taken, if it is already in print.
+
+A SCOTCH POEM ON THE KING AND THE QUEEN OF THE FAIRIES.
+
+  Upon a time the Fairy Elves,
+  Being first array'd themselves,
+  Thought it meet to clothe their King
+  In robes most fit for revelling.
+
+  He had a cobweb shirt more thin
+  Than ever spider since could spin,
+  Bleach'd in the whiteness of the snow,
+  When that the northern winds do blow.
+
+  {425}
+  A rich waistcoat they did him bring,
+  Made of the troutfly's golden wing,
+  Dy'd crimson in a maiden's blush,
+  And lin'd in humming-bees' soft plush.
+
+  His hat was all of lady's love,
+  So passing light, that it would move
+  If any gnat or humming fly
+  But beat the air in passing by.
+
+  About it went a wreath of pearl,
+  Dropt from the eyes of some poor girl,
+  Pinch'd because she had forgot
+  To leave clean water in the pot.
+
+  His breeches and his cassock were
+  Made of the tinsel gossamer;
+  Down by its seam there went a lace
+  Drawn by an urchin snail's slow pace.
+
+  No sooner was their King attir'd
+    As never prince had been,
+  But, as in duty was requir'd,
+    They next array their Queen.
+
+  Of shining thread shot from the sun
+    And twisted into line,
+  In the light wheel of fortune spun,
+    Was made her smock so fine.
+
+  Her gown was ev'ry colour fair,
+    The rainbow gave the dip;
+  Perfumed from an amber air,
+    Breath'd from a virgin's lip.
+
+  Her necklace was of subtle tye
+    Of glorious atoms, set
+  In the pure black of beauty's eye
+    As they had been in jet.
+
+  The revels ended, she put off,
+    Because her Grace was warm;
+  She fann'd her with a lady's scoff,
+    And so she took no harm.
+
+Mrs. Barbauld wrote the following lines on a scroll within a kind of
+wreath, which hung over the chimney, the whole parlour being decorated with
+branches of ivy, which were made to run down the walls and hang down every
+pannel in festoons, at a country place called Palgrave:
+
+  Surly Winter, come not here,
+  Bluster in thy proper sphere;
+  Howl along the naked plain;
+  There exert they joyless reign.
+  Triumph o'er the wither'd flow'r,
+  The leafless shrub, the ruin'd bower;
+  But our cottage come not near,
+  Other Springs inhabit here,
+  Other sunshine decks our board
+  Than they niggard skies afford.
+  Gloomy Winter, hence away,
+  Love and fancy scorn they sway;
+  Love, and joy, and friendly mirth
+  Shall bless this roof, these walls, this hearth,
+  The rigor of the year control,
+  And thaw the winter in the soul.
+
+WILL. HONEYCOMBE.
+
+Liverpool.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROUND TOWERS OF THE CYCLADES.
+
+On Friday evening, Nov. 19, 1852, a lecture was delivered before the
+members of the Literary and Scientific Institute of this island, by Capt.
+Graves, R.N., from which I have been permitted to take the following
+extract. The information contained in it, will doubtless be the more
+interesting to many of the reader of "N. & Q.," when informed that the
+round towers of Greece are fast disappearing; either from being pulled down
+for the erection of dwellings, or to be burnt into lime, by the Greeks who
+dwell in their neighbourhood. What the original dimensions of these towers
+may have been in ancient times, or for what purposes they were erected, are
+alike unknown; but their present proportions are as follow, and drawn by
+the learned lecturer from personal observation:
+
+                                                      Feet.  In.
+  "A. Andros, near the port                Height      60     0
+
+   B. Zea overlooking Perses Bay         { Height       5     5
+                                         { Diameter    26     6
+                                         { Wall         2     0
+
+   C. Thermia                            { Height      11     0
+                                         { Diameter    28     5
+
+   D. Serpho                             { Height      15     0
+                                         { Diameter    27     0
+
+   E. Beach of Port Pharos               { Height       7     0
+                                         { Diameter    31     8
+                                         { Wall         2     6
+
+   F. Hillock, west side of Pharos       { Height      16     6
+                                         { Diameter    42    10
+                                         { Wall         3     0
+
+   G. Village of Herampili               { Height      15     8
+                                         { Diameter    38     3
+                                         { Wall    4 to 2     6
+
+   H. Valley beyond villages             { Height      11    10
+                                         { Diameter    33     5
+                                         { Wall         4     0
+
+   J. Short distance west of Mount Elias { Height       6     0
+                                         { Diameter    24     7
+                                         { Wall         5     0
+
+   K. Between Elias and west coast       { Height       6     6
+                                         { Diameter    28     0
+                                         { Wall         4     0
+
+   L. Naxos, south-east end of the island  Height      50     0
+
+   M. Paros, north, port Naussa.
+        Of this tower only a few
+        courses of the stones are
+        left. It is however supposed
+        to have been of
+        the same dimensions as
+        that of Naxos."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{426}
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Songs and Rimes of Shakspeare._--I find in Mr. J. P. Collier's _History of
+Dramatic Poetry_ (a work replete with dramatic lore and anecdote) the
+following note in p. 275., vol. iii.:
+
+    "The Mitre and the Mermaid were celebrated taverns, which the poets,
+    wits, and gallants were accustomed to visit. Mr. Thorpe, the
+    enterprising bookseller of Bedford Street, is in possession of a
+    manuscript full of songs and poems, in the handwriting of a person of
+    the name of Richard Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and
+    including many unpublished pieces, by a variety of celebrated poets.
+    One of the most curious is a song in five seven-line stanzas, thus
+    headed: 'Shakespeare's Rime, which he made at the Mytre in Fleete
+    Streete.' It begins: 'From the rich Lavinian shore;' and some few of
+    the lines were published by Playford, and set as a catch. Another
+    shorter piece is called in the margin,--
+
+             'SHAKESPEARE'S RIME.
+
+      Give me a cup of rich Canary wine,
+      Which was the Mitres (drink) and now is mine;
+      Of which had Horace and Anacreon tasted,
+      Their lives as well as lines till now had lasted.'
+
+    "I have little doubt," adds Mr. Collier, "that the lines are genuine,
+    as well as many other songs and poems attributed to Ben Jonson, Sir W.
+    Raleigh, H. Constable, Dr. Donne, J. Sylvester, and others."
+
+Who was the purchaser of this precious MS.? In this age of Shakspearian
+research, when every newly discovered relic is hailed with intense delight,
+may I inquire of some of your numerous readers, who seem to take as much
+delight as myself in whatever concerns our great dramatist and his
+writings, whether they can throw any light upon the subject?
+
+    Again: "A peculiar interest," Mr. Collier says, "attaches to one of the
+    pieces in John Dowland's _First Book of Songs_ (p. 57.), on account of
+    the initials of 'W. S.' being appended to it, in a manuscript of the
+    time preserved in the Hamburgh City Library. It is inserted in
+    _England's Helicon_, 4to., 1600, as from Dowland's _Book of Tablature_,
+    without any name or initials; and looking at the character and language
+    of the piece, it is at least not impossible that it was the work of our
+    great dramatist, to whom it has been assigned by some continental
+    critics. A copy of it was, many years ago, sent to the author by a
+    German scholar of high reputation, under the conviction that the poem
+    ought to be included in any future edition of the works of Shakspeare.
+    It will be admitted that the lines are not unworthy of his pen; and,
+    from the quality of other productions in the same musical work, we may
+    perhaps speculate whether Shakspeare were not the writer of some other
+    poems there inserted. If we were to take it for granted, that a sonnet
+    in _The Passionate Pilgrim_, 1599, was by Shakspeare, because it is
+    there attributed to him, we might be sure that he was a warm admirer of
+    Dowland,
+
+                 'whose heavenly touch
+      Upon the lute doth ravish human sense.'
+
+    However, it is more than likely, that the sonnet in which this passage
+    is found was by Barnfield, and not by Shakspeare: it was printed by
+    Barnfield in 1598, and reprinted by him in 1605, notwithstanding the
+    intermediate appearance of it in _The Passionate Pilgrim_."
+
+May I inquire if any new light has been thrown upon this disputed song
+since the publication of Mr. Collier's _Lyric Poems_ in 1844?
+
+The song is addressed to Cynthia, and, as Mr. Collier says, is not unworthy
+of Shakspeare's muse. As it is not of any great length, perhaps it may be
+thought worthy of insertion in "N. & Q."
+
+             "TO CYNTHIA.
+
+ "My thoughts are wing'd with hopes, my hopes with love;
+    Mount, love, unto the moone in cleerest night,
+  And say, as she doth in the heavens move,
+    In earth so wanes and waxes my delight:
+  And whisper this, but softly, in her eares,
+  Hope oft doth hang the head, and trust shed teares.
+
+ "And you, my thoughts, that some mistrust do cary,
+    If for mistrust my mistresse do you blame,
+  Say, though you alter, yet you do not vary,
+    As she doth change, and yet remaine the same.
+  Distrust doth enter hearts, but not infect,
+  And love is sweetest season'd with suspect.
+
+ "If she for this with cloudes do maske her eyes,
+    And make the heavens darke with her disdaine,
+  With windie sighes disperse them in the skies,
+    Or with the teares dissolve them into rain.
+  Thoughts, hopes, and love return to me no more,
+  Till Cynthia shine as she hath done before."
+
+J. M. G.
+
+Worcester.
+
+_Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "All's Well that Ends
+Well."_--
+
+             "O you leaden messengers,
+  That ride upon the violent speed of fire,
+  Fly with false aim; move the still-peering air,
+  That sings with piercing, do not touch my lord!"
+
+Such is the text of the first folio. MR. PAYNE COLLIER, at p. 162. of his
+_Notes and Emendations_, informs us that the old corrector of his folio of
+1632 reads _volant_ for "violent," _wound_ for "move," and _still-piecing_
+for "still-peering."
+
+Two of these substitutions are easily shown to be correct. In the
+_Tempest_, Act III. Sc. 3., we read:
+
+                     "The elements,
+  Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well
+  _Wound the loud winds, or with bemockt-at stabs_
+  _Kill the still-closing waters_."
+
+What is _still-closing_ but _still-piecing_, the silent reunion after
+severance? What is to _wound the loud winds_ but to _wound the air that
+sings with piercing_?
+
+But as to the third substitution, I beg permission through your pages to
+enter a _caveat_. If {427} we had no proof from the text of Shakspeare that
+_violent_ is the correct reading, I fancy that any reader's common sense
+would tell him that it is more an appropriate and trenchant term than
+_volant_. "What judgment would _stoop_ from this to this?" _Volant_,
+moreover, is not English, but French, and as such is used in _Henry V._;
+but happily, in this case, we have most abundant evidence from the text of
+Shakspeare that he wrote _violent_ in the above passage. In _Henry VIII._,
+Act I. Sc. 1., we have the passage,
+
+                 "We may outrun,
+  By _violent swiftness_, that which we run at,
+  And lose by over-running."
+
+In _Othello_, Act III. Sc. 3., we have the passage,
+
+ "Even so my bloody thoughts, with _violent pace_,
+  Shall ne'er look back."
+
+These passages prove that _violent_ is a true Shakspearian epithet for
+_velocity_. But how exquisitely appropriate is the epithet when applied to
+the velocity of a ball issuing from the mouth of a cannon: and here we have
+full confirmation from _Romeo and Juliet_, Act V. Sc. 1., where we read:
+
+ "As _violently_ as hasty powder fir'd
+  Doth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb."
+
+I trust that MR. COLLIER will not, in the teeth of such evidence,
+substitute _volant_ for _violent_ in correcting the text of his forthcoming
+edition.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL MONK AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
+
+A document has recently come into my possession which may perhaps be deemed
+worth preserving in the pages of "N. & Q." It is a letter from the
+University of Cambridge to General Monk, and, from the various corrections
+which occur in it, it has every appearance of being the original draft.
+Unfortunately it is not dated; but there can, I presume, be little doubt of
+its having been written shortly before the assembling of the parliament in
+April, 1660, which led to the Restoration, and in which Monk sat as member
+for the county of Devon. The words erased in the original are here placed
+between parentheses, and those substituted are given in Italics:
+
+        My Lord,
+
+    As it hath pleased God to make your Excell^{cie} eminently instrumental
+    for the raising up of three gasping and dying nations, into the faire
+    hopes and prospect of peace and settlement, so hath He engraven you (r
+    name) in characters of gratitude upon the hearts of all (true) _to_
+    who_m_ (cordially wish) the welfare of _this_ church and state (are)
+    _is_ deare and pretious. (Out) From this principle it is that our
+    University of Cambridge hath, with great alacrity and unanimity, made
+    choyse of your Excellency with whom to deposite the(ire) managing of
+    theire concernments in the succeeding Parl^t, w^{ch}, if your
+    Excell^{cy} shall please to admitt into a favourable (interpretation)
+    _acceptance_, (you will thereby) you will thereby (add) _put_ a further
+    obligation of gratitude upon us all; w^{ch} none shalbe more ready to
+    expresse than he who is
+
+      Your Excell^{cies} most humble serv^t,
+                  W. D.
+
+    [Endorsed]
+    To the L^d General Monk.
+
+Who was "W. D."? Was he the then Vice-Chancellor?
+
+LEICESTRIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Curiosities of Railway Literature._--Has "Bradshaw" had any reviewers? If
+not, an example or two from this neighbourhood, of the absurdities which
+reappear month after month in the time-tables, may show the necessity of
+them. A Midland train proposes to leave Gloucester at 12.40 p.m., and reach
+Cheltenham at 1 p.m. The Great Western Company advertise an express train,
+on the _very same line_, to leave two minutes _later_ and arrive five
+minutes _earlier_. It is therefore obvious, that if these trains were to
+keep their proper time, the express must run into the slow coach in front.
+The Great Western Railway Company have also, in a very unassuming manner,
+been advertising a feat hitherto unparalleled in the annals of railway
+speed,--the mail from Cheltenham at 8.20 a.m. to leave Gloucester at 8.27;
+that is to say, seven miles, including starting, slackening speed at two or
+three "crossings," stopping, starting again, all in seven minutes! Let the
+narrow gauge beat this if it can.
+
+H. H.
+
+Gloucester.
+
+_Cromwell's Seal._--I am in possession of a fine seal; it is a beautiful
+engraving of the head of Oliver Cromwell, and was once his property: he
+presented it to a favourite officer, whose nephew, to whom it was
+bequeathed, gave it to the father of the lady from whom I received it a few
+years ago. Thus I am in the singular position of being the _fifth_ holder
+of it from the Protector.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Rhymes upon Places._--Buckinghamshire:
+
+ "Brill upon the Hill,
+    Oakley in the Hole,
+  Shabby little Ickford,
+    Dirty Worminghall."
+
+H. T.
+
+Ingatestow.
+
+_Tom Track's Ghost._--The following piece of metrical romance has dwelt in
+my memory as long {428} as I have been able to remember. I have never seen
+it in print, nor heard it, at least for some years, from any one else; and
+have not been able to discover who wrote it:
+
+ "Tom Track he came from Buenos Ayres;
+  And now, thought I, for him who cares:
+  But soon his coming wrought me woe;
+  He misled Poll,--as you shall know.
+  All in the togs that I had bought,
+  With that ere Tom she did consort,
+  Which gave my feelings great concern,
+  And caused a row,--as you shall learn.
+  So then challenge Tom I did;
+  We met, shook hands, and took a quid;
+  I shot poor Tom.--The worse for me;
+  It brought his ghost,--as you shall see.
+  Says he, 'I'm Tom Track's ghost, that's flat.'
+  Says I, 'Now only think on that.'
+  Says he, 'I'm come to torment you now;'
+  Which was hard lines,--as you'll allow.
+ 'So, Master Ghost, belay your jaw;
+  For if on me you claps a claw,
+  My locker yonder will reveal,
+  A tight rope's end, which you shall feel.'
+  Then off his winding-sheet he throwed,
+  And by his trousers Tom I knowed;
+  He wasn't dead; but come to mess,
+  So here's an end,--as you may guess."
+
+The _implicatio_, the _agnitio_, and the _peripetia_ are so well worked
+out, that Aristotle would, I think, be compelled to admit it as an almost
+perfect specimen of that most ancient kind of drama which was recited by
+one actor. I refer especially to C. XXII. of the _Poetics_, which says,
+that that _agnitio_ is most beautiful which is joined with the _peripetia_,
+of which here we have so striking an example. These reasons embolden me to
+ask if it be worth preserving in "N. & Q," and who was the author?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+JACOB BOBART AND HIS DRAGON, ETC.
+
+Dr. Zachary Grey, in his edition of _Hudibras_, vol. i. p. 125., relates
+the following anecdote:
+
+    "Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botany Professor of Oxford, did, about forty years
+    ago (in 1704), find a dead rat in the Physic Garden, which he made to
+    resemble the common picture of dragons, by altering its head and tail,
+    and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, which distended the skin on each
+    side till it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The
+    learned immediately pronounced it a dragon, and one of them sent an
+    accurate description of it to Dr. Maliabechi, Librarian to the Grand
+    Duke of Tuscany: _several fine copies of verses_ were wrote upon so
+    rare a subject, but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat: however, it was
+    looked upon as a masterpiece of art, and as such deposited in the
+    anatomy schools (at Oxford), where I saw it some years after."
+
+Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me where I can procure the
+_several_ fine copies of verses, or where they are to be seen, and any
+other particulars relating to Jacob Bobart?
+
+Where can I procure copies of the following, mentioned in Wood's _Athenæ
+Oxon._, vol. iii. p. 757.:
+
+    "Poem upon Mr. Jacob Bobards Yew-man of the Guards to the Physic
+    Garden, to the tune of the 'Counter-Scuffle.' Oxon. 1662."
+
+On one side of a sheet of paper.
+
+Also:
+
+    "A Ballad on the Gyants in the Physic Garden in Oxon, who have been
+    breeding Feet as long as Garagantua was Teeth."
+
+On one side of a sheet of paper.
+
+H. T. BOBART.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP BERKELEY'S PORTRAIT.
+
+The following letter may perhaps have some interest in itself; but I send
+it for insertion in the pages of "N. & Q." in the hope of obtaining some
+information about the pictures which it mentions. It is addressed on the
+back, "The Reverend the Provost and Fellows, Dublin College;" and in the
+corner, "Pr. Favour of The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Molesworth;" and does
+not appear to have ever passed through the post.
+
+        Reverend Sir, and Gentlemen,
+
+    My late dear Husband, the Rev. Dr. Berkeley, Prebendary of Canterbury,
+    son of the late Lord Bishop of Cloyne, having most generously appointed
+    me sole executrix of his will, and having bequeathed to me all his fine
+    collection of pictures, &c., I trouble you with this to beg to know
+    whether a very remarkably fine, universally admired portrait of Bishop
+    Berkeley, in his lawn sleeves, &c., painted by that famous artist
+    Vanderbank, which, together with its frame (now much broken by frequent
+    removals), cost five hundred pounds: the back-ground, the frontispiece
+    to his Lordship's _Minute Philosopher_, and the broken cisterns from
+    the Prophet Jeremiah: "They have hewn them out broken cisterns." The
+    late Archbishop of Canterbury was perpetually entreating Dr. Berkeley
+    to present it to the Gallery of Lambeth Palace, where there is already
+    a very good portrait of Bishop B.--But _justice_ to my dear excellent
+    son, then living, as Dr. B. told his Grace, precluded a _possibility_
+    of his complying with his request.
+
+    If this picture will be an acceptable present to the Rev. the Provost,
+    and the Gentlemen Fellows of the University of Dublin, it is now
+    offered for their acceptance, as a most grateful acknowledgment for the
+    _very high_ honour[1], they were pleased {429} so graciously to confer
+    on his Lordship's only descendant, the late learned accomplished George
+    Monk Berkeley, Esq. (Gentleman Commoner of Magdalene Hall, in the
+    University of Oxon., and student of the Inner Temple, London), from his
+    very sincerely grateful mother.
+
+    Some time after the death of his son, Dr. Berkeley told me that at my
+    death he wished the wonderfully fine portrait of his father to be
+    presented to some place of _consequence_. I immediately replied, "_To
+    Dublin College_." He said, "They have one already; perhaps it would be
+    well to leave it as an heir-loom to the Episcopal Palace at Cloyne." I
+    said perhaps the gentlemen of Dublin College would prefer this,
+    esteemed one of the very finest pieces of painting in Europe. The face
+    certainly looks more like a fine cast in wax, than a painting on
+    canvas, as numbers of the best judges have always exclaimed on seeing
+    it.
+
+    I request Dr. Berkeley's noble relation, the excellent Lord Molesworth,
+    now on a visit in Ireland, to deliver this, and to learn from the
+    Provost and Gentlemen of the University of Dublin, whether it would be
+    agreeable to them to receive this, and transfer the one they at present
+    have to Dr. Berkeley's highly respected friend, the _present_ Bishop of
+    Cloyne, for the Palace. Lord Molesworth will have the goodness to
+    receive and transmit the answer of the Provost and Gentlemen to her who
+    has the honour to subscribe herself, with the most perfect respect,
+    their
+
+      Very sincerely grateful and
+          (Thro' her unspeakably dear excellent Son)
+              _Most highly_ obliged,
+                  ELIZA BERKELEY.
+
+      Chertsey, Surrey, England.
+      The 18th of Feb., 1797.
+
+I cannot find any evidence to prove that this letter was ever so much as
+received by the University. It came into my possession amongst the papers
+of a private friend, a late distinguished ornament of the University, whose
+death has been an irreparable loss to the public, to the Church of England,
+and to a large circle of friends. No notice of such a letter, or of so
+liberal a donation, is to be found in the Register of the University, nor
+is there such a picture in our possession. I have made inquiry also, and
+find that it is not at Cloyne. The conclusion therefore is, either that
+Mrs. Berkeley changed her mind, or that from some accident the letter never
+was presented: at all events, it is certain that the picture of Bishop
+Berkeley, to which it relates, was never in the possession of the
+University for whose halls it was intended.
+
+Can any one tell me where it now is; and what was the fate of "the fine
+collection of pictures" which was the property of Dr. Berkeley of
+Canterbury, and bequeathed by him to his widow, the writer of the above
+letter?
+
+J. H. TODD.
+
+[Footnote 1: This alludes to the honourable degree of LL.B. conferred upon
+George M. Berkeley by the University of Dublin, Nov. 8, 1788.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Life._--Is it not the general feeling that man, in advancing years, would
+not like to begin his life again? I have noted that Edgeworth, Franklin,
+and Sismondi express the contrary.
+
+A. C.
+
+"_The Boy of Heaven._"--I have a poem entitled _The Boy of Heaven_, copied
+some years ago from a manuscript. Can any of your readers inform me who is
+the author, whether it has ever appeared in print, or give me any other
+information respecting it?
+
+W. P.
+
+_Bells._--Can any of your readers inform me why the bells of the Convent of
+Santa Theresa, at Madrid, alone have the privilege of tolling on Good
+Friday, in that city? In all Roman Catholic countries the bells on that day
+are forbidden to be rung; and there is no exception made, even in Rome.
+
+As much has been said about the _baptizing_ of bells, as if it were a
+custom nearly or entirely obsolete, I beg to say that I was present at the
+baptizing of a bell in the south-west of France not very long ago; and have
+no doubt that the great bell at Bordeaux, which is to have the emperor and
+empress as its sponsors, will undergo the full ceremony.
+
+CERIDWEN.
+
+_Captain Ayloff._--Where can I find any notices of Captain Ayloff, one of
+the coadjutors of Tom Brown in the eccentric _Letters from the Dead to the
+Living_?
+
+V. T. STERNBERG.
+
+_Robert Johnson._--Perhaps some of your correspondents could give me some
+information relative to the pedigree of Robert Johnson, Esq., who was a
+baron of the Exchequer in Ireland in 1704; his parentage and descent; his
+wife's name and family; his armorial bearings; and date of his birth and
+death.
+
+Was he the Robert Johnson who entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1671, as
+a Fellow Commoner at the age of fourteen? If so, his birthplace was London,
+and his father's name was also Robert.
+
+E. P. L.
+
+Co. Westmeath.
+
+_Selling a Wife._--What is the origin of the popular idea, that a man may
+legally dispose of his spouse by _haltering_ her, and exposing her for sale
+in a public market? Some time ago the custom appears to have been very
+prevalent; and only a few months back there was a paragraph in _The Times_,
+describing an occurrence of the kind at Nottingham.
+
+French romancers and dramatists have seized upon it as a leading trait of
+English society; and in their remarkably-faithful delineations of English
+life it is not unusual to find the blue-beard milord Anglais carting milady
+to Smithfield, and {430} enlarging upon her points in the cheap-jack style
+to the admiring drovers.
+
+V. T. STERNBERG.
+
+_Jock of Arden._--This worthy of the Robin Hood class of heroes, is
+understood to figure very prominently in the legendary history of
+Warwickshire. Where can any references to his real or supposed history be
+found, and what are the legends of which he is the hero?
+
+W. Q.
+
+_Inigo Jones._--Where can a full list of mansions and other important
+buildings, erected from designs after that great master architect Inigo
+Jones, be found?
+
+A CORRESPONDENT.
+
+_Dean Boyle._--Wanted, the pedigree of Richard Boyle, Dean of Limerick, and
+Bishop of Leighlin in 1661. He had a brother Roger, also in the church. Was
+he a grandson of John Boyle of Hereford, eldest brother of Roger, father of
+Richard, first Earl of Cork? This John married Alice, daughter of Alex.
+Hayworth, of Burdun Hall, Herefordshire.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Euphormio_ (Vol. i., p. 27.).--Mention is made of _Censura Euphormionis_
+and other tracts, called forth by Barclay's works: where can some account
+of these be found?
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+_Optical Query._--Last summer the following illusion was pointed out to me
+at Sandwich, Kent. The ingenious horizontal machine to enable the treadmill
+to grind the wind, in default of more substantial matter, although
+certainly revolving only in one direction, say from right to left, at
+intervals appeared to change its direction and turn from left to right.
+This change appeared to several persons to take place at the same time, and
+did not seem to be owing to any shifting of the perpendicular shutters for
+regulating the resistance of the air. The point from which I viewed it was
+near the south door of St. Clement's Church. Have any of the readers of "N.
+& Q." noticed a similar illusion, and can they explain it?
+
+H. H.
+
+Gloucester.
+
+_Archbishop King._--The well-known William King, Archbishop of Dublin, was
+interred in the graveyard of the parish of St. Mary, Donnybrook, near
+Dublin, as appears from the following entry in the Register of Burials:
+"Buried, Archbishop King, May 10th, 1729." There is no stone to mark his
+grave. I would be glad to know whether there is any monument elsewhere,
+
+I would likewise be glad to know whether there is any good engraving of the
+archbishop in existence. I have lately procured a copy of a small and
+rather curious one, engraved by "Kane o' Hara," and "published, Sept. 20th,
+1803, by William Richardson, York House, 31. Strand;" and I am informed by
+a friend that a portrait (of what size I am not aware) was sold by auction
+in London, 15th February, 1800, for the sum of 3l. 6s. It was described at
+that time as "very rare."
+
+Donnybrook graveyard, I may add, is rich in buried ecclesiastics,
+containing the remains of Dr. Robert Clayton, Bishop of Clogher (a man of
+note in his day), and other dignitaries of our church.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Neal's Manuscripts._--In Neal's _History of the Puritans_, he frequently
+refers at bottom of the page to a manuscript in his possession thus (MS.
+penes me, p. 88.): will any of your readers inform me where this MS. is
+preserved, and whether I can have access to it? It was evidently a
+voluminous compilation, as it extended to many hundred pages.
+
+T. F.
+
+_Whence the Word "Cossack?"_--Alison says, on the authority of _Koramsin_
+(vi. 476.), "The word Cossack means a volunteer or free partisan," &c.
+(Vide _History of Europe_, vol. ix. p. 31.) I have found the word "Kasak"
+in the Gulistan of Saadi, which there means a robber of the kind called
+_rahzán_. From the word being spelt in the Gulistan with a [Arabic: q], it
+appears to me to be an Arabic word. Can any reader enlighten
+
+MUHAMMED?
+
+A. N. Club
+
+_Picts' Houses and Argils._--The Cimmerians, a people mentioned by
+Herodotus, who occupied principally the peninsula of the Crimea, are
+distinguished by Prichard from the Cimbri or Kimbri, but supposed by M.
+Amédée Thierry to be a branch of the same race, and Celtic. Many of their
+customs are said to present a striking conformity with those of the Cimbri
+of the Baltic and of the Gauls. Those who inhabited the hills in the Crimea
+bore the name of Taures or Tauri, a word, Thierry says, signifying
+mountaineers in both the Kimbric and Gaulish idioms. The tribe of the
+plains, according to Ephorus, a Greek writer cotemporary with Aristotle,
+mentioned in Strabo, lib. v., dug subterraneous habitations, which they
+called _argil_ or _argel_, a pure Kimbric word, which signifies a covered
+or deep place:
+
+    [Greek: Ephoros phêsin autous en katageiois oikiais oikein has kalousin
+    argillas.]
+
+Having seen several of the rude and miserable buildings underground in the
+Orkneys, called Picts' houses, I should like to know something of these
+_argils_ or _argillæ_, but suppose them to be calculated for the
+requirements of a more advanced state of society than that of the dwellers
+in Picts' houses. Perhaps some of your correspondents could give
+information on this matter. {431} For the above, vide Introduction to
+Amédée Thierry's _Histoire des Gaulois, &c._, 1828, p. 57.
+
+W. H. F.
+
+_The Drummer's Letter._--The letter from the drummer to the corporal's wife
+in _The Sentimental Journey_ (it is hardly possible to give a precise
+reference to any part of this little work) ends thus:
+
+    "Je suis, Madame,
+
+    "Avec toutes les sentimens les plus respectueux et les plus tendres,
+    tout à vous,
+
+     "JAQUES ROCQUE."
+
+Why is the first of the adjectives agreeing with _les sentimens_ in the
+wrong gender? The blot may be a trifling one, but I think I may say that it
+defaces every copy of this well-known billet-doux. I have seen many
+editions of _The Sentimental Journey_, some by the best publishers of the
+time in which they lived, and I find the same mistake in all: I do not know
+of a single exception. If Sterne wrote _toutes_, it must have been by
+accident; there is nothing to prove that he wished to make the poor drummer
+commit the solecism, for the rest of his letter is not only correctly, but
+even elegantly written.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+_The Cardinal Spider._--I have read somewhere an account of a singular
+species of spider, which is of unusually large size, and is said to be
+found only in Hampton Court Palace.
+
+It is supposed by superstitious persons that the spirits of Cardinal Wolsey
+and his retinue still haunt the palace in the shape of spiders; hence the
+name "Cardinal."
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me where such an account is to be met
+with, as I have forgotten the name of the book in which I have seen it?
+
+W. T.
+
+Norwich.
+
+_New England Genealogical Society, &c._--Can any of your correspondents
+inform me where I can address a letter to, for Dr. Jenks, Secretary to the
+New England Genealogical Society? And where can I see a copy of Farmer's
+_New England Genealogical Register_, 1829, and _The New England
+Genealogical Register and Magazine for 1847_, mentioned by your
+correspondent T. WESTCOTT, "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 495.?
+
+J. K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Dr. John Hartcliffe, Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby._--Can any of
+your correspondents tell me whether John Hartcliffe, D.D., Fellow of
+King's, Cambridge, and Head-master of Merchant Taylors' from 1681 to 1686,
+is _the Dr. Hartcliffe_ whom James II. wishes to instal illegally in the
+Provostship of King's, as he attempted to impose a President on Magdalen,
+Oxon?
+
+I should be glad also to know whether there is any continuation of Ward's
+_Lives of the Gresham Professors_, reaching to the present time; and, in
+particular, the dates of the appointments or deaths of William Cokayne,
+D.D., Professor of Astronomy, and William Roman, B.C.L., Professor of
+Geometry?
+
+Likewise, of what faculty was Samuel Kettilby, D.D., Professor; and when
+did he die?
+
+JAMES HESSEY.
+
+Merchant Taylors'.
+
+    [It was Dr. John Hartcliffe, of Merchant Taylors', that wished to
+    become Provost of King's College: but the mandate was obtained from
+    King William, not from James II. Hartcliffe's _Discourse against
+    Purgatory_, 1685, which Anthony à Wood thinks was publicly burnt in
+    France, was not likely to recommend him to the favour of the latter
+    king. The affair of the Provostship is thus stated by Cole (_Hist. of
+    King's College_, vol. iv. Addit. MSS. 5817.)--"On the death of Dr.
+    Copleston, Hartcliffe made a great stir, in order to become Provost,
+    and actually obtained a mandate of King William to the society to
+    choose him; but he was far from being agreeable to the Fellows of the
+    college, who, when they heard he was in town, and upon what errand he
+    came, directly shut up the college gates, and proceeded to an election,
+    when Dr. Roderick was chosen, with the odds of ten votes to one. This
+    being transacted in the infancy of King William's reign, he chose not
+    to stir much in it; but after having shown the Fellows, by the very
+    petition they made to him, which was presented by Mr. Newborough and
+    Mr. Fleetwood, that he had a right to present, he dismissed them." A
+    biographical notice of Dr. Hartcliffe is given in Nichols's _Literary
+    Anecdotes_, vol. i. pp. 63, 64., and in Wood's _Athenæ_ (Bliss), vol.
+    iv. p. 790.
+
+    No one appears to have continued Ward's _Lives of the Gresham
+    Professors_. Maitland, in his _History of London_, has brought the
+    history of the institution down to 1755. Dr. Ward himself had prepared
+    a new edition, containing considerable additions, which was presented
+    to the British Museum by his residuary legatee. Among the Additional
+    MSS. also will be found a large mass of papers and correspondence
+    relating to the _Lives_. From one document, entitled "Minutes relating
+    to the Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, being Additions to
+    the printed Work," we extract the following notice of "William Cokayne,
+    who was the son of George Cokayne, of Dovebridge in Devonshire, clerk.
+    He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, in London, and from thence
+    elected probationer Fellow of St. John's College, where he was
+    matriculated 9th July, 1736. He commenced A.M. 9th July, 1744; made
+    Junior Proctor 1750; and B.D. 4th July, 1751." The date of his
+    appointment as Astronomy Professor is not given; but his resignation,
+    in 1795, will be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxv. p. 711.
+    He appears to have died in 1798 (see _Ib._, vol. lxviii. p. 641.), when
+    the Rev. Joseph Monkhouse succeeded him as Rector of Kilkhampton, co.
+    Cornwall.
+
+    {432}
+
+    The MS. "Minutes" also contain a notice of William Roman, the
+    thirteenth Geometry Professor, "who was educated at Merchant Taylors'
+    School, London, and from thence elected to St. John's College, Oxford,
+    in 1740, being matriculated as the son of Richard Roman, of London,
+    Gent., ætat. 17. He commenced B.C.L., May 5th, 1747; Deacon at Christ
+    Church, 21st Sept., 1746; Priest at Christ Church, 20th Sept., 1747."
+    No date of his appointment, but he was Professor in 1755, when Maitland
+    wrote his account of the college. Dr. Samuel Kettilby succeeded the
+    Rev. Samuel Birch as Geometry Lecturer, and died June 25, 1808.--See
+    _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxxviii. p. 657.]
+
+"_Haulf Naked._"--In poring over an old deed the other night, I stumbled
+upon the above name, which I take to be that of a manor in the county of
+Sussex. Is it so? and, if so, by what name is the property now known?
+
+CHARLES REED.
+
+    [In Dallaway's _Western Sussex_, art. WASHINGTON, vol. ii. pt. ii. p.
+    133., is the following entry:--"In 1310, Henry Balduyne sold to Walter
+    de Halfenaked one messuage, two acres of arable, and two acres of
+    meadow, in Washington and Sullington. Ped. fin. 3 Edw. II."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+THE LEGEND OF LAMECH--HEBREW ETYMOLOGY.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 363.)
+
+Etymologists are a race who frequently need to be drawn up with a somewhat
+tight rein. Our Celtic fellow-subjects will not, perhaps, be much gratified
+by MR. CROSSLEY's tracing the first indications of their paternal tongue to
+the family of Cain; and as every branch of that family was destroyed by the
+deluge, they may marvel what account he can give of its reconstruction
+amongst their forefathers. But as his manner of expressing himself may lead
+some of your readers to imagine that he is explaining Cain, Lamech, Adah,
+Zillah, from acknowledged Hebrew meanings of any parts of those words, it
+may be as well to warn them that the Hebrew gives no support to any one of
+his interpretations. If fancy be ductile enough to agree with him in seeing
+a representation of a human arm holding a sling with a stone in it in the
+Hebrew letter called _lamed_, there would still be a broad hiatus between
+such a concession, and the conclusion he seems to wish the reader to draw
+from it, viz. that the word _lamed_ must have something to do with
+slinging, and that consequently _lamed_ must be a slinger. The Hebrew
+scholar knows that _lamed_ indisputably signifies to _teach_; and though
+perhaps he may not feel sure that the Hebrew consonant _l_ obtained its
+name from any connexion with that primary meaning of the root _lamed_, he
+will not think it improbable that as the letter _l_, when prefixed to a
+noun or verb, _teaches_ the reader the construction of the sentence, that
+may have been the reason for its being so named.
+
+As to a legend not traceable to within some thousand years of the facts
+with which it claims to be connected, those may take an interest in it who
+like so to do. But as far as we may regard Lamech's address to his wives in
+the light of a philological curiosity, it is interesting to observe how
+naturally the language of passion runs into poetry; and that this, the most
+ancient poetry in existence, is in strict unison with the peculiar
+character of subsequent Hebrew poetry; that peculiarity consisting of the
+repetition of clauses, containing either the same proposition in a slightly
+different form, or its antithesis; a rhyme of thoughts, if we may so say,
+instead of a rhyme of sounds, and consequently capable of being preserved
+by a literal translation.
+
+And Lamech said unto his wives,--
+
+ "Adah and Zillah, hear my voice;
+  Ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech,
+  For I have slain a man to my wounding,
+  And a young man, to my hurt.
+  If Cain shall be avenged seventy-fold,
+  Truly Lamech, seventy and seven-fold."
+
+The construction is more favourable to the belief that the _man_ of line
+third is the same as the _young man_ of the parallel clause, than that he
+had slain two; the word rendered _hurt_ is properly a _wheal_, the effect
+of a severe strife or wound.
+
+As to the etymologies of the names mentioned by MR. CROSSLEY, we gather
+from God's words that she called her first son Cain, an acquisition (the
+Latin _peculium_ expresses it more exactly than any English word), because
+she had gotten (literally _acquired_, or obtained possession of) a man. As
+for Lamech, or more properly L[)e]m[)e]ch, its etymology must be confessed
+to be uncertain; but there is a curious and interesting explanation of the
+whole series of names of the patriarchs, Noah's forefathers, in which the
+name of the other Lemech, son of Methusaleh, is regarded as made up of
+_L[)e]_, the prefixed preposition, and of _mech_, taken for the participle
+Hophal of the verb to smite or bruise. Adah, [Hebrew: 'DH], is _ornament_;
+Zillah, [Hebrew: TSLH] may mean the _shade_ under which a person reposes;
+or if the doubling of the _l_ is an indication that its root is [Hebrew:
+TSLL], it may mean a dancer.
+
+H. WALTER.
+
+Allow me, in reference to MR. CROSSLEY's remarks, to say, that from the
+accidental resemblance of the Hebrew and Celtic words _Lamech_ and
+_Lamaich_, no philological argument can be drawn of identical meaning, any
+more than from the fact that the words Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazar, or
+Belteshassar[2], are significant in Russian {433} and Sclavonian, as well
+as in Chaldee. _Lamache_ in Arabic means (see Freytag) "_levi intuitu et
+furtim adspicere_ aliquem;" also to _shine_, as lightning, or a star.
+_Lamech_, therefore, is an appropriate designation for a man known to prowl
+about for plunder and murder, and whose eye, whether taking aim or not,
+would give a sudden and furtive glance.
+
+The word _lamed_ signifies, in Hebrew, _teaching_; the word _Talmud_ is
+from the same root. It is the same in Syriac and Chaldee. The _original_
+significant of these three languages is to be found in the Arabic _Lamada_:
+"_Se submisit_ alicui; _humiliter se gessit_ erga aliquem." (Freytag.) No
+argument can be drawn from the shape of the letter [Hebrew: L] (_lamed_),
+because, although popularly so called, it is _not_ a Hebrew letter, but a
+Chaldee one. The recent discoveries, published in Layard's last work,
+demonstrate this fact; Mr. Layard falls into the mistake of calling the
+basin inscriptions Hebrew, although Mr. Ellis, who had translated them,
+says expressly that the language is Chaldee (_Nineveh and Babylon_, p.
+510.), one of them only being Syriac (p. 521.). Chaldee and Syriac, indeed,
+differ from each other as little as Chaucer's and Shakspeare's English,
+although the written characters are wholly distinct.
+
+Davis, in his _Celtic Researches_, has done all that was possible, taking a
+very limited view, however, in fixing upon certain linguistic resemblances
+in some ancient tongues to the Celtic; but a clear apprehension of the
+proper place which the Celtic language and its congeners hold in
+comparative philology, can only be learnt from such works as Adelung's
+_Mithridates_, and Adrien Balbi's _Atlas Ethnographique du Globe_.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+[Footnote 2: The accidental resemblances are curious. Thus, _Nebucadnetzar_
+is in Russian _nebê kazenniy Tzar_, "A Lord or Prince appointed by heaven;"
+or, _nebu godnoi_ _Tzar_, "A Prince fit for heaven." _Belshatzar_ is also
+in Russian _bolszoi Tzar_, "A great Prince;" and _Belteshtzar_, Daniel's
+Chaldean pagan name, is _byl têsh Tzar_, "he was also a Prince," _i. e._
+"of the royal family."]
+
+The interpretation of Hessius (_Geschichte der Patriarchen_, i. 83.) is
+preferred by Rosenmüller:
+
+    "Ex hujus Doctissimi Viri sententia Lamechus _sese jactat_ propter
+    filios suos, qui artium adeo utilium essent inventores: Cainum
+    progenitorem suum propter cædem non esse punitum, multo minus se posse
+    puniri, si vel simile scelus commisisset. Verba enim non significant,
+    cædam ab eo revera esse paratam, sed sunt verba hominis admodum
+    insolentis et profani. Ceterum facile apparet, hæc verba a Mose ex
+    quodam carmine antiquo inserta esse: tota enim oratio poeticam quandam
+    sublimitatem spirat."
+
+The sense of these two verses (Gen. iv. 23, 24.) is, according to Dathe:
+
+    "_Si propter viri aut juvenis cædem vulnera et plagæ mihi intendantur,
+    cum de Caino poena septuplex statuta fuerit, in Lamecho id fiet
+    septuagies septies._"
+
+Herder, in his _Geist der ebräischen Poesie_ (i. 344.) says:
+
+    "Carmen hoc Lamechi laudes canere gladii a filio inventi, cujus usum et
+    præstantiam contra hostiles aliorum insultus his verbis prædicet:
+    _Lamechi mulieres audite sermonem meum, percipite dicta mea: Occido jam
+    virum, qui me vulneravit, juvenem, qui plagam mihi infligit. Si Cainus
+    septies ulciscendus, in Lamecho id fiet septuagies septies._"
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+The legend of the shooting of Cain by Lamech is detailed in _The Creation
+of the World, with Noah's Flood_, a Cornish mystery, translated into
+English by John Keigwin, and edited by Davies Gilbert, Esq. The legend and
+translation, in parallel columns, are given also at pp. 15, 16. of Mr.
+Gilbert's "Collections and Translations respecting St. Neot," prefixed to
+descriptive account (in 4to., with sixteen coloured plates) of the windows
+of St. Neot's Church in Cornwall, by Mr. Hedgeland, who restored them,
+1805-1829, at the expense of the Rev. Richard Gerveys Grylls, patron, and
+formerly incumbent of the living.
+
+JOSEPH RIX.
+
+St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD COKE'S CHARGE TO THE JURY.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 376.)
+
+_Saltpetre-man._--An explanation of this title may be found in a
+proclamation of King Charles I. (1625):
+
+    "For the Maintaining and Increasing of the Saltpetre Mines of England,
+    for the Necessary and Important Manufacture of Gunpowder."
+
+This proclamation states:
+
+    "That our realm naturally yields sufficient mines of saltpetre without
+    depending on foreign parts; wherefore, for the future, no dovehouse
+    shall be paved with stones, bricks, nor boards, lime, sand, nor gravel,
+    nor any other thing whereby the growth and increase of the mine and
+    saltpetre may be hindered or impaired; but the proprietors shall suffer
+    the ground or floors thereof, as also all stables where horses stand,
+    to lie open with good and mellow earth, apt to breed increase of the
+    said mine. And that none deny or hinder any _saltpetre-man_, lawfully
+    deputed thereto, from digging, taking, or working any ground which by
+    commission may be taken and wrought for saltpetre. Neither shall any
+    constable, or other officer, neglect to furnish any such
+    _saltpetre-man_ with convenient carriages, that the King's service
+    suffer not. _None shall bribe any saltpetre-man_ for the sparing or
+    forbearing of any ground fit to be wrought for saltpetre," &c.
+
+It would appear that the _saltpetre-man_ abused his authority, and that the
+people suffered a good deal of annoyance from the manner in which this
+{434} absurd system was carried out; for two years afterwards we find that
+another proclamation was published by the King, notifying, "that the
+practice of making saltpetre in England by digging up the floors of
+dwelling-houses, &c. &c., tended too much to the grievance of his loving
+subjects ... that notwithstanding all the trouble, not one third part of
+the saltpetre required could be furnished." It proceeds to state that Sir
+John Brooke and Thomas Russell, Esq., had proposed a new method of
+manufacturing the article, and that an exclusive patent had been granted to
+them. The King then _commands_ his subjects in London and Westminster, that
+after notice given, they "carefully keep in proper vessels all human urine
+throughout the year, and as much of that of beasts as can be saved." This
+appeared to fail; for at the end of the same year, the "stable" monarch
+proclaimed a return to the old method, giving a commission to the Duke of
+Buckingham, and some others, to "... break open ... and work for
+saltpetre," as might be found requisite; and in 1634, a further
+proclamation was issued renewing the old ones, but excepting the houses,
+stables, &c. of _persons of quality_.
+
+During the Commonwealth the nuisance was finally got rid of; for an act was
+passed in 1656, directing that "none shall dig within the houses, &c. of
+any person _without their leave first obtained_."
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+J. O. treats _The Lord Coke, his Speech and Charge, with a Discoverie of
+the Abuses and Corruptions of Officers_, 8vo. London: N. Butter, 1607, as a
+genuine document; but it is not so; and, lest the error should gain ground,
+the following account of the book, from the Preface, by Lord Coke, to the
+seventh part of his _Reports_, is subjoined:
+
+    "And little do I esteem an uncharitable and malicious practice in
+    publishing of an erroneous and ill-spelled pamphlet under the name
+    Pricket, and dedicating it to my singular good lord and father-in-law,
+    the Earl of Exeter, as a charge given at the assizes holden at the city
+    of Norwich, 4th August, 1606, which I protest was not only published
+    without my privity, but (beside the omission of divers principal
+    matters) that there is no one period therein expressed in that sort and
+    sense that I delivered: wherein it is worthy of observation, how their
+    expectation (of scandalizing me) was wholly deceived; for behold the
+    catastrophe! Such of the readers as were learned in the laws, finding
+    not only gross errors and absurdities on law, but palpable mistakings
+    in the very words of art, and the whole context of that rude and ragged
+    style wholly dissonant (the subject being legal) from a lawyer's
+    dialect, concluded that _inimicus et iniquus homo superseminavit
+    zizania in medio tritici_, the other discreet and indifferent readers,
+    out of sense and reason, found out the same conclusion, both in respect
+    of the vanity of the phrase, and for that I, publishing about the same
+    time one of my commentaries, would, if I had intended the publication
+    of any such matter, have done it myself, and not to have suffered any
+    of my works pass under the name of Pricket; and so _unâ voce
+    conclamaverunt omnes_, that it was a shameful and shameless practice,
+    and the author thereof to be a wicked and malicious falsary."
+
+J. G.
+
+Exon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WHITE ROSES.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 329.)
+
+The allusion is to the well-known Jacobite badge of the white rose, which
+was regularly worn on June 10, the anniversary of the Old Pretender's
+birthday, by his adherents. Fielding refers to the custom in his _Amelia_:
+
+    "On the lovely 10th of June, under a serene sky, the amorous Jacobite,
+    kissing the odoriferous Zephyr's breath, gathers a nosegay of white
+    roses to deck the whiter breast of Celia."--_Amelia_, edit. 1752, vol.
+    i. p. 48.
+
+The following lines are extracted from a collection of considerable merit,
+now become uncommon, the authors of the different papers in which were Dr.
+Deacon and Dr. Byrom, and which is entitled _Manchester Vindicated_
+(Chester, 1749, 12mo.). The occasion was on a soldier snatching a white
+rose from the bosom of a young lady on June 10, 1747:
+
+              I.
+
+ "Phillis to deck her snowy breast
+    The rival-flowers around display'd,
+  Thraso, to grace his war-like crest
+    Of orange-knots a huge cockade,
+  That reds and whites, and nothing else,
+  Should set the beaux against the belles!
+
+              II.
+
+ "Yet so it was; for yesterday
+    Thraso met Phillis with her posies,
+  And thus began th' ungentle fray,
+   'Miss, I must _execute_ those roses.'
+  Then made, but fruitless made, a snatch,
+  Repuls'd with pertinacious scratch.
+
+              III.
+
+ "Surpriz'd at such a sharp rebuke,
+    He cast about his cautious eyes,
+  Invoking _Vict'ry_ and _the Duke_,
+    And once again attack'd the prize;
+  Again is taught to apprehend,
+  How guardian thorns the rose defend.
+
+              IV.
+
+ "Force being twice in vain apply'd,
+    He condescended then to reason;
+ 'Ye _Jacobitish_ ----,' he cry'd
+   'In open street, the love of treason
+  With your white roses to proclaim!
+  Go home, ye rebel slut, for shame!'
+  {435}
+
+              V.
+
+ "'Go you abroad to Flanders yonder,
+    And show your valour there, Sir Knight;
+  What bus'ness have you here, I wonder,
+    With people's roses, red or white?
+  Go you abroad, for shame,' says Phillis,
+ 'And from the Frenchmen pluck their lilies.'
+
+              VI.
+
+ "'Lilies!' says Thraso, 'lilies too!
+    The wench, I find, would be a wit,
+  Had she command of words eno',
+    And on the right one chanced to hit:
+  For pity, once, I'll set her clear:
+  The laurels, you would say, my dear.'
+
+              VII.
+
+ "'No, but I would not, Sir; you know
+    What laurels are no more than I,
+  Upon your head they'll never grow,
+    My word for that, friend, and good-bye:
+  _He that of roses robs a wench,_
+  _Will ne'er pluck laurels from the French._'"
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BURIAL OF UNCLAIMED CORPSE.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 262. 340.)
+
+A tradition of similar character with that mentioned by E. G. R., and
+noticed by J. H. L., is reported to have occurred between the parishes of
+Shipdham and Saham Tony in Norfolk, of a corpse being found on the common
+pasture of Shipdham, which parish refused to bury it, and the parish of
+Saham Tony, therefore, was at the expense thereof, and claimed a
+considerable piece of the common pasture from Shipdham, in consequence of
+the neglect of the latter parish.
+
+A fine continues to be paid by Shipdham to Saham to this time; and although
+many entries are made of such payments in the early parish accounts,
+beginning A.D. 1511, yet in no instance is it said the reason or cause of
+these payments being annually made. The said payments are not always of the
+same amount; they are sometimes paid in money and sometimes in kind, as the
+following instances show.
+
+The first entry I meet with is in 1511:
+
+         Payd the halffe mark at Saham.
+  1512.  Delyvyrd to same ij buschells of otts, viij^d; in sylv^r, ij^d.
+  1513.  The same payment as in 1512.
+  1514.  No entry of any payment.
+  1515.  Payd for _woots_ to Saham, vj^d, and ij^d of mony.
+  1516.  Payd to y^e hallemarke, j^d (not said if to Saham or not).
+         This entry "to y^e hallemark" may be an error of the scribe for
+             "y^e halffe mark," as in the first entry under 1511.
+  1517.  Payd to y^e halffe mark, j^d (no doubt to Saham).
+  1518.  No entry of payment to Saham.
+  1519.  Payd to same for ij barssels of owte, vj^d;
+           to same, ij^d                                   viij^d
+  1520.  Payd for ij busschellys of otte to same,
+           viij^d; and a henne, ij^d                       x^d
+  1521.  Payd to same for ij buschells of ots, xj^d,
+           and ij^d in sylver                              xiij^d
+  1522.  Payd for y^e half marke, j^d; payd for
+           oots to same, vij^d                             viij^d
+  1523.  Payd for y^e halff mark (no doubt to Saham)          j^d
+  1524.  Payd for otts to sam and wodlod                   viij^d
+  1525.  Similar entry to the last.
+  1526.  Payd for otts to same, viij^d; payd for
+           wod led to same, j^d                              ix^d
+  1527.  Payd the halffe mark, j^d; paid to the
+           _Comon_, to (two) bussells otts, ix^d, and
+           a j^d in lieu of a henne                          xj^d
+  1539.  Payd to same for the task                            x^d[3]
+  1541.  Payd to Thomas Lubard, for ij bs. of
+           otts to Saham                                   viij^d
+         Payd to y^e seyd Thomas for j heyn
+           (hen) to Saham                                    ij^d
+
+On looking through the town accounts of Shipdham, I find entries of--
+
+  Payd to the half mark to Saham                j^d
+  Ij bushells oates, and in lieu of a hen      ij^d
+
+The only entry in which I find anything at all apparently relative to the
+common is that under 1527. Whether the court books of Saham would throw any
+light on the subject, I know not. Should an opportunity offer for my
+searching them, I will do so.
+
+G. H. I.
+
+P.S.--Although I have given several entries of the customary payments to
+Saham, they are merely given to show the different modes of making those
+entries, and not in expectation of your giving all of them, unless you
+think any further light can be given on the subject. As before, perhaps the
+court books of the manor of Saham would assist.
+
+It was an annual custom for Shipdham people to "Drive the common" (as it
+was called) once a year, in a night of an uncertain time, when all the
+cattle, &c. found within the limits or boundary of Shipdham were impounded
+in a farm-yard adjoining. Upon the common, all those belonging to owners
+residing in Shipdham and claimed were set at liberty, while those belonging
+to Saham had to be replevied by a small payment, which custom continued up
+to the period of the commons being inclosed. Perhaps this custom was by way
+of retaliation, by which means the charge of payment of oats and a hen was
+recovered by the money paid for replevying their cattle, &c. so impounded.
+
+[Footnote 3: No payment entered in the accounts between 1527 and 1539. The
+average tenpence annually.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PSALMANAZAR.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 206.)
+
+Your correspondent inquires as to the real name of this most penitent of
+impostors. I fear that {436} there is now no likelihood of its being
+discovered. His most intimate friends appear to have been kept in the dark
+on this subject. With respect to his country, the most probable conclusion
+seems to be, that he was born in the south of Europe, in a city of
+Languedoc. A very near approximation seems to be made to the exact locality
+by a careful collation of the circumstances mentioned in his autobiography,
+in the excellent summary of his life in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vols.
+xxxiv. and xxxv., which is much better worth consulting than the articles
+in Aikin or Chalmers; which are poor and superficial, and neither of which
+gives any list of his works, or notices the _Essay on Miracles, by a
+Layman_ (London, 1753, 8vo.), which is one of them, though published
+anonymously. There is a very amusing account of conversations with him at
+Oxford, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xxxv. p. 78., in which, before
+a large company of ladies and gentlemen who were curious as to the customs
+of Formosa, he gravely defended the practice which he said existed in that
+country, of cutting off the heads of their wives and eating them, in case
+of misconduct. "I think it is no sin," continued he, "to eat human flesh,
+but I must own it is a little unmannerly." He admitted that he once ate
+part of a black; but they being always kept to hard work, their flesh was
+tough and unsavoury. His grandfather, he said, lived to 117, and was as
+vigorous as a young man, in consequence of sucking the blood of a viper
+warm every morning; but they had been forced to kill him, he being attacked
+with a violent fit of the colic, and desiring them to stab him, which, in
+obedience to another "custom of the country," they had done. _Splendidè
+mendax!_ was certainly, in his younger days, this much venerated friend of
+our great moralist. I should, however, feel inclined to forgive much of his
+extraordinary romancing for the admirable manner in which he settled that
+chattering twaddler, Bishop Burnet:
+
+    "He was one day with Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Sarum, who, after his warm
+    manner, cried, 'Ay, you say so; but what proof can you give that you
+    are not of China, Japan, or any other country?' 'The manner of my
+    flight,' replied he, 'did not allow me to bring credentials: but
+    suppose your lordship were in Formosa, and should say you are an
+    Englishman, might not the Formosan as justly reply, You say you are an
+    Englishman; but what proof can you give that you are not of any other
+    country? for you look as like a Dutchman as any that ever traded to
+    Formosa.' This silenced his lordship."
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GRAFTS AND THE PARENT TREE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 365.)
+
+I was surprised to find it stated as "a fact" by MR. INGLEBY, "that grafts,
+after some fifteen years, wear themselves out." A visit to one of the great
+orchard counties would assure him of the existence of tens of thousands of
+grafted apple and pear trees, still in a healthy state, and from forty to
+fifty years old, and more. There are grafted trees of various kinds in this
+country, which to my own knowledge are upwards of sixty years old; and I
+have little doubt but that there are some a good deal older.
+
+The ancient Ribstone pippin, which stood in Ribstone Park, till it died in
+1835, was believed to have been grafted. Such was the opinion of one of the
+gardeners there; and a writer in the _Gardeners' Chronicle_, 1845, p. 21.,
+states that in 1830 he fell in with the Ribstone pippin in great abundance
+in Switzerland, in the valley of Sarnen; and he remarks that it is more
+probable this apple was introduced into England from that country, than the
+reverse. The question has not been conclusively settled.
+
+Notwithstanding "the belief that the graft perishes when the parent tree
+decays" is pronounced by MR. INGLEBY to be a fond superstition, yet there
+are certain facts, well known to orchard growers, which give some warrant
+for it. Without committing myself altogether to this doctrine, I will state
+a few of them.
+
+It is well known that no cider or perry fruit is so good, on first being
+introduced, as it is after fifteen or twenty years of cultivation. A
+certain period seems to be required to mature the new sort, and bring it to
+its full vigour (long after it is in full bearing) before it is at its
+best. The tree, with all its grafted progeny, will last, perhaps fifty,
+perhaps more than one hundred years, in a flourishing state, and then they
+will begin everywhere to decay; nor has any device yet been successful in
+arresting that general decay.
+
+Witness the rise, progress, and fall of the _Forest Stire_ of
+Gloucestershire, the _Foxwhelp_ and _Redstreak_ of Herefordshire, the
+_Golden Pippin_, and, more lately, the _Ribstone Pippin_, of which there is
+an increasing complaint, not to mention many others in the same condition.
+The first-named apple is very nearly extinct, and the small quantity of the
+fruit that is still to be had fetches enormous prices.
+
+Whether this decay be owing to _grafting_, is a question which can be
+decided only by the future behaviour of the suckers from the original tree,
+several of which from the tree at Ribstone Park are now growing at Chiswick
+and elsewhere.
+
+I am aware that Dr. Lindley combats very eagerly the doctrine that
+varieties of the apple and pear, or indeed of any tree, die naturally of
+old age; but the only incontrovertible fact which he adduces in support of
+his argument, is the existence of the French _White Beurré_ pear, which has
+flourished from time immemorial. His denial of the decay of the _Golden
+Pippin_, the _Golden {437} Harvey_, and the _Nonpareil_, will not, I think,
+be allowed to be just by the experience of your readers; the existence of
+the last-named apple for three centuries, supposing it to be true, has not
+secured it exemption from the general fate.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+---- Rectory, Hereford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Glass Baths._--Several of your correspondents finding a difficulty in
+making glass baths, I beg to communicate the way in which they may be very
+easily manufactured. Having obtained two pieces of patent plate glass,
+grind the edges, which may readily be done by a scythe sand-stone, where
+other contrivances are not handy. Cut for the bottom of the bath a slip of
+the same glass three-quarters of an inch in breadth; and for the sides,
+from ordinary window-glass, four wedges, being about three-fifths of an
+inch at one end, tapering down to the thickness of the piece of plate glass
+at the bottom. If several pieces are cut off promiscuously, four may be
+selected which have exactly the same angle, so as to form an even support
+to the sides. The glass being perfectly clean, dry, and as warm as can be
+conveniently held by the hand, fix the bottom and then the sides by means
+of the _very best_ sealing-wax, which will perfectly adhere to the glass.
+If the commoner sorts of wax are used, some marine glue must be added to it
+to temper it. The side slips should be fixed a quarter of an inch apart, so
+as to form a cavity, which must be entirely filled up with wax. The wax may
+be used as in sealing a letter in the first instance; but, in order to give
+the whole bath solidity, and expel every particle of air from between the
+glass, I use a heated pointed iron, as a plumber does in the act of
+soldering. This, passed over the external parts of the wax, also gives it a
+hardness and smooth finish.
+
+These details may appeal trifling, and others may have more ingenious modes
+of accomplishing the object; but having used baths so constructed upwards
+of twelve months without leakage, I believe they will be found to be most
+economical, and far more to be relied on than gutta percha. A good bath so
+made should require about six ounces of solution of nitrate of silver to
+take a picture eight inches square. Your observations in a former Number,
+respecting the uncertainty of gutta percha, I have found to be perfectly
+true. Samples of gutta percha constantly vary; and one may contain
+impurities acted upon by the chemicals, which another does not. A small rim
+formed by sealing-wax dissolved in spirits of wine, and applied twice or
+thrice along the upper edge of the bath, is sufficient to protect the
+prepared glass from adhering to the front of the bath when in use.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+_Securing Calotype Negatives._--Will any of your correspondents be good
+enough to say what they consider the best method of securing a calotype
+paper negative for a few days or a week, in cases where it may be
+difficult, from lack of conveniences during that time, to use hyposulph.,
+with its consequent washings, &c.? Some, I believe, recommend bromide of
+potassium; some, the iodide; others, common salt: but I should like to know
+which is considered the _best_; what strength, and how applied. Also,
+whether any subsequent treatment is necessary previous to the final
+application of the hypo.
+
+W. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Wood of the Cross_ (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 334.).--I find, in your 179th
+Number, p. 334., a communication on "The Wood of the Cross." Mention is
+made of the several kinds of wood of which the cross is said to have been
+made--elder, olive, &c. It is a somewhat curious coincidence, that
+yesterday I was with a farmer in his garden, and observing on several
+apple-trees some luxuriant mistletoe, I remarked that it was principally
+found on that tree, sometimes on the oak, but rarely on other trees. The
+farmer, after inquiring whether it could be propagated by cuttings, &c.,
+asked if I had ever understood that our Saviour's cross was made of
+mistletoe? On replying in the negative, and remarking that it was
+altogether unsuitable for such a purpose, he rejoined, that, previously to
+that event, it was a large strong tree, but subsequently had been doomed to
+have only a parasitical (not that he used the term) existence.
+
+As CEYREP said "I never heard of our Lord's cross having been made of elder
+wood," so I would also add, I never heard before of its being made of
+mistletoe. Did any one else ever hear of this tradition?
+
+S. S. S.
+
+_Bishops' Lawn Sleeves_ (Vol. vi., p. 271.).--J. G. T. has inquired
+concerning the date and origin of the present robes of Anglican bishops.
+Mr. Trevor thus describes the bishop's dress in Convocation, which is the
+proper dress of the episcopate:
+
+    "The chimere is the Convocation habit of a doctor of divinity in
+    Oxford, made of silk instead of cloth, as the rochet is an alb of lawn
+    in place of linen, _honoris causâ_: the detaching the sleeves from the
+    rochet, and sewing them to the upper garment instead, is obviously a
+    contrivance of the robe-makers. Dr. Hody says that the scarlet robe
+    worn by the bishops in the House of Lords is the doctor's gown at
+    Cambridge; the first archbishops after the Reformation being of that
+    university. (_Hody_, 140.) At Parker's consecration he appeared first
+    in a scarlet gown and hood; then at the Holy Communion he and two of
+    the consecrating bishops {438} wore white surplices, while the senior
+    had a cope: and after his consecration he and the two diocesan bishops
+    endued themselves in the now customary dress of a bishop, the
+    archbishop having about his neck a collar of sables (_Cardw. Doc.
+    Ann._, i. 243.). Before the Reformation, it was remarked as peculiar to
+    the English bishops, that they always wore their white rochets, 'except
+    when hunting.' (_Hody_, 141.)"--_The Two Convocations, Note on_, p.
+    195.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Inscriptions in Books_ (Vol. vii., pp. 127. 337.).--The two accompanying
+inscriptions in books were given to me the other day. The second is, I
+believe, much in vogue at Rugby.
+
+ "Si quis errantem
+  Videat libellum
+  Reddat, aut collo
+  Dabitur capistrum
+  Carnufex ejus
+  Tunicas habebit
+  Terra cadaver."
+
+ "Small is the wren,
+  Black is the rook,
+  Great is the sinner
+  That steals this book."
+
+W. W.
+
+As your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS inquires regarding inscriptions in
+books, perhaps the following may add to his proposed collection, being an
+old ditty much in use among schoolboys, &c.:
+
+ "Hic liber est meus,
+  And that I will show;
+  Si aliquis capit,
+  I'll give him a blow."
+
+N. N.
+
+_Lines quoted by Charles Lamb_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--The author of the
+lines quoted--
+
+ "Bind me, ye woodbines, in your twines;
+  Curl me about, ye gadding vines," &c.--
+
+is Andrew Marvell. They are taken from his fine poem on Nun-Appleton, Lord
+Fairfax's seat in Yorkshire; and will be found in vol. iii. p. 198. of
+Marvell's _Works_, edit. 1776, 4to.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369.).--Upon
+visiting Cartmel in Lancashire ten years ago, I found a library in the
+vestry, and in my diary made the following entry:
+
+    "There is a small library in the vestry, of a very miscellaneous
+    description, left by a former incumbent, two hundred years ago, to the
+    vicar for the time being, to be kept in the vestry. There is a fine
+    copy, in small quarto, of Spenser's _Faery Queene_ in the collection,
+    of the date 1560."
+
+How I ascertained the date of the gift, or whether there were any other
+particulars worth recording, I do not remember. Since taking "N. & Q." I
+have learnt the benefit, I might say the necessity, of being more
+particular.
+
+BRICK.
+
+To your list of parochial libraries may be added one in Swaffham Church,
+Norfolk, bequeathed to the parish by one of the Spelman family. It contains
+several hundred volumes, and among them some of the Elzevir classics. About
+seven years ago I visited Swaffham, and found this collection of books in a
+most disgraceful state, covered with dust and the dung of mice and bats,
+and many of the books torn from their bindings. It would afford me great
+pleasure to hear that more care is taken of such a valuable collection of
+books. There is also a smaller library, in somewhat better preservation, in
+the vestry of St. Peter's, Mancroft Church, in the city of Norwich.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+There are parochial libraries at Milden, Brent Eleigh, and at All Saints,
+Sudbury, Suffolk. See Rev. C. Badham's _Hist. and Antiq. of All Saints,
+Sudbury_, 8vo. London, 1852, pp. 105-109.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--In reply to EDINA'S
+Query, Huet's treatise _De Navigationibus Salomonis_ was published in 1698,
+12mo., at Amsterdam, and before his work on the Commerce of the Ancients
+was printed. EDINA will find a short extract of its contents in vol. ii. p.
+479. of Dr. Aikin's _Translation of Huet's Autobiography_, published in
+1810 in two volumes 8vo. The subject is a curious and interesting one; but,
+from my perusal of the tract, I should scarcely say that Huet has treated
+it very successfully, or that the book is at all worthy of his learning or
+acuteness.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Derby Municipal Seal_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--The "buck in the park," on
+the town seal of Derby, is probably a punning allusion to the name of that
+place, anciently _Deora-by_ or _Deor-by_, i. e. the abode of the deer.
+
+C. W. G.
+
+_Annueller_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 391.).--Bishop Ergham founded St. Anne's
+College in Wells, for the maintenance of Societas (xiv.) Presbyterorum
+annuellarum Novæ Aulæ Wellensis. The _annuellar_ was a secular conduct,
+receiving a yearly stipend. These priests, probably, served his chantry at
+Wells.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale_ (Vol. vii., p. 380).--The
+collection of the lives of pious persons to which Dr. Whitaker refers, as
+containing a very interesting account of Midgley, will undoubtedly be
+Samuel Clarke's _Lives of Thirty-two English Divines_. The passage, which
+will scarcely be new to your correspondent, is at p. 68. of the life of
+"Master Richard Rothwell" (Clarkes's _Lives_, edit. 1677, fol.), and a very
+pleasing passage it is, and one that I might almost {439} be justified in
+extracting. Dr. Whitaker and Brook (_Lives of the Puritans_, vol. ii. p.
+163.) seem to be at variance with regard to the Midgleys, the former
+mentioning only one, and the latter two, vicars of the family.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Nose of Wax_ (Vol. vii., p. 158.).--Allow me to refer to a passage in "Ram
+Alley, or Merry Tricks," by Lodowick Barry (which is reprinted in the fifth
+volume of Dodsley's _Old Plays_), illustrative of this term. In Act I. Sc.
+1., _Dash_ describes the law as
+
+ "The kingdom's eye, by which she sees
+  The acts and thoughts of men."
+
+Whereupon _Throate_ observes:
+
+ "The kingdom's eye!
+  I tell thee, fool, it is the kingdom's nose,
+  By which she smells out all these rich transgressors;
+  Nor is't of flesh, but merely made of _wax_,
+  And 'tis within the power of us lawyers,
+  To wrest this _nose of wax_ which way we please."
+
+This illustration was overlooked by Nares, to whose _Glossary_ you refer.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Canongate Marriages_ (Vol. v., p. 320.; Vol. vii., p. 67.).--The
+correspondent who expressed his surprise some time ago at his Query on this
+subject not having called forth any remark from your Scotch friends, will
+perhaps find the explanation of this result in the fact, that in Scotland
+we are guided by the civil or Roman law on the subject of marriage; and
+consequently, with us marriage is altogether a civil contract; and we need
+the intervention neither of clergyman, Gretna blacksmith, or the equally
+disreputable Canongate coupler. The services of the last two individuals
+are only sought for by you deluded southerns. All we require here is the
+agreement or consent of the parties ("_consensus non_ concubitus facit
+matrimonium"); and the legal questions which arise have reference chiefly
+to the evidence of this consent. The agreement may be made verbally, or in
+writing, before witnesses or not, as the parties choose. Or a marriage may
+be constituted and proved merely by habit and repute, _i. e._ by the
+parties living together as man and wife, and the man allowing the woman to
+be addressed as his wife. A promise of marriage, followed by _copula_, also
+constitutes a marriage. But it would be out of place here to enter into all
+the arcana of the Scotch law of marriage: suffice it to say, that it
+prevails equally at John o' Groat's House and Aberdeen, as in the Canongate
+or at Gretna Green. A _regular_ marriage requires certain formalities, such
+as the publication of banns, &c. An _irregular_ one is equally good in law,
+and may be contracted in various ways, as above explained.
+
+This law, though _at first sight_ likely to lead to great abuses, really
+works well in practice; and prevents the occurrence of those distressing
+cases, which not unfrequently happen in England, of seduction under promise
+of marriage, and subsequent desertion.
+
+SCOTUS.
+
+_Smock Marriages_ (Vol. vii., p. 191.).--According to Scotch law, the
+marriage of the father and mother legitimises all children _previously_
+born, however old they may be. This is called legitimisation _per
+subsequens matrimonium_, and is not unfrequently taken advantage of by
+elderly gentlemen, who, after having passed the heyday of youth, wish to
+give their children a position, and a legal right to inherit their
+property. Like the rule as to marriage above explained, it is derived from
+the Roman or civil law. There are very few, I should rather say _no_, legal
+fictions in the Scotch law of the nature alluded to by your correspondent.
+
+SCOTUS.
+
+_Sculptured Emaciated Figures_ (Vol. v., p 497.; Vol. vi. _passim_).--In
+Dickinson's _Antiquities of Nottinghamshire_, vol. i. p. 171., is a notice
+with an engraving of a tomb in Holme Church, near Southwell, bearing a
+sculptured emaciated figure of a youth evidently in the last stage of
+consumption, round which is this inscription: "Miseremini mei, miseremini
+mei, saltem vos amici mei, quia manus Domini tetigit me."
+
+J. P., JUN.
+
+_Do the Sun's Rays put out the Fire_ (Vol. vii., p. 285.).--It is known
+that solar light contains three distinct kinds of rays, which, when
+decomposed by a prism, form as many spectra, varying in properties as well
+as in position, viz. luminous, heating or calorific, and chemical or
+actinic rays.
+
+The greater part of the rays of heat are even less refrangible than the
+least refrangible rays of light, while the chemical rays are more
+refrangible than either. The latter are so called from their power of
+inducing many chemical changes, such as the decomposition of water by
+chlorine, and the reactions upon which photographic processes depend.
+
+The relative quantities of these several kinds of rays in sun-light varies
+with the time of day, the season, and the latitude of any spot. In general,
+where the luminous and heating rays are most abundant, the proportion of
+chemical rays is least; and, in fact, the two seem antagonistic to each
+other. Thus, near the equator, the luminous and calorific rays being most
+powerful, the chemical are feeble, as is shown by the length of time
+required for the production of photographic pictures. Hence, also, June and
+July are the worst months for the practice of photography, and better
+results are obtained before noon than after.
+
+It is precisely for a similar reason that the combustion of an ordinary
+fire, being strictly a chemical change, is retarded whenever the sun's
+heating and luminous rays are most powerful, as during bright {440}
+sunshine, and that observe our fires to burn more briskly in summer than
+winter; in fact, that apparently "the sun's rays put out the fire."
+
+A. W. W.
+
+Univ. Coll., London.
+
+_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--A most interesting
+discussion of this question is to be found in Liebig's _Familiar Letters
+upon Chemistry_.
+
+That chemist proves conclusively:--1. That of the cases adduced none is
+well authenticated, while in most it is admitted that the victims were
+drunkards, and that generally a candle or lamp was in the room, and after
+the alleged combustion was found turned over. 2. That spontaneous
+combustion is absolutely impossible, the human frame containing 75 or 80
+per cent. of water; and since flesh, when saturated with alcohol, is not
+consumed upon the application of a light, the alcohol burning off first,
+the causes assigned to account for the spontaneous ignition are _à priori_
+extremely improbable.
+
+A. W. WILLS.
+
+Univ. Coll., London.
+
+_Ecclesia Anglicana_ (Vol. vii., p. 12.).--This has always been the
+appellation of the Church of England, just as much before the Reformation
+as after. I copy for G. R. M. one rather forcible sentence from the
+articles of a provincial synod, holden A.D. 1257:
+
+    "Et super istis articulis prænotatis fecit Bonifacius, Cant. Arch.
+    suorum suffraganeorum sibi subditorum universorum, prælatorum pariter
+    et cleri procuratorum, convocationem isto anno apud Londonias semel et
+    secundo, propter gravamina et oppressiones, de die in diem per summum
+    pontificem et D. Henricum Regem _Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ_
+    irrogatas."--Wilkin's _Concilia Mag. Brit. et Hib._, vol. i. p. 726.
+
+For other examples of the ante-reformational use of _Ecclesia Anglicana_, I
+can give him so large a reference as to Wilkins' book, _passim_; to the
+Writs for Parliament and Mandates for Convocation contained in the Appendix
+to Wake's _State of the Church and Clergy_; and to the extracts from _The
+Annals of Waverley_, and other old chronicles, quoted in Hody's _History of
+English Councils and Convocations_.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Wyle Cop_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 243. 509.; Vol. v., p. 44.; Vol. vi., p.
+65.).--The summit of a steep hill in the town of Shrewsbury bears the name
+of _The Wyle Cop_. I think that these are two Welsh words, _Gwyl Cop_,
+meaning watch mound, slightly altered. _Gop_, near Newmarket in Flintshire,
+has a longer Welsh name, which is written by English people _Coperleni_.
+This, when correctly written, means, the mound of the light or fire-beacon.
+_Mole Cop_, the name of a lofty hill near Congleton, appears to be a slight
+corruption of the Welsh words _Moel y Cop_, the mountain of the mound.
+There is another lofty hill in Staffordshire called _Stiles Cop_. It seems
+probable that on both of these hills mounds may have been made in ancient
+times for the erection of fire-beacons. It would appear that Dr. Plot did
+not understand the Welsh language, as he has stated that he thought, in
+these instances, the word _Cop_ meant a mountain.
+
+N. W. S. (2.)
+
+_Chaucer_ (Vol. vii., p. 356).--No foreign original has ever been found for
+Chaucer's "House of Fame." Warton fancied that it had been translated or
+paraphrased from the Provençal, but could adduce no proof that it had. Old
+Geoffrey may have found the groundwork somewhere, in the course of his
+multifarious reading; but the main portion of the structure is evidently
+the work of his own hands, as the number of personal details and
+circumstances would tend to indicate. The forty lines comprising the "Lai
+of Marie," which Chaucer has worked up into the "Nonnes Preestes Tale" of
+some seven hundred lines, are printed in Tyrwhitt's Introductory Discourse
+to the _Canterbury Tales_, and will be sufficient to show what use he made
+of the raw material at his disposal. We may fairly presume that Emerson
+never took the trouble to investigate the matter, but contented himself
+with snatching up his materials from the nearest quarry, and then tumbling
+them out to the public.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+Tunbridge Wells.
+
+_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., p. 262.).--J. D. S. asks, "What were
+these privileges, and whence was the term Campvere derived?"
+
+In Scotland there exists an ancient institution called "The Convention of
+Royal Burghs," which still meets annually in Edinburgh, under the fixed
+presidency of the Lord Provost of that city. It is a representative body,
+consisting of delegates elected by the town councils of the royal burghs
+(not _boroughs_) of Scotland; and their business is to attend to such
+public measures as may affect the general interests of their constituents.
+In former times, however their powers and duties were of far more
+importance than they are now. The Convention seems to have exercised a
+general superintendence of the foreign trade of the kingdom. With a view to
+the promotion of that trade, they used to enter into commercial treaties,
+or _staple contracts_ as they were called, with the commercial cities of
+the Continent; and I have now before me one of these staple contracts, made
+with the city of Antwerp in 1540; and another with the city of Middleburg,
+in Zeeland, in 1541; but latterly they seem to have confined themselves to
+the town of _Campvere_, in Zeeland (island of Walcheren). In all these
+contracts it was stipulated {441} that the Scottish traders should enjoy
+certain privileges, which were considered of such importance that the crown
+appointed a _conservator_ of them. The last of these staple contracts was
+made with Campvere in the year 1747; but soon afterwards the increasing
+prosperity of Scotland, and the participation of its burgesses in the
+foreign trade of England, rendered such partial arrangements useless, and
+the contracts and the privileges have long since been reckoned among the
+things that were. The office of conservator degenerated into a sinecure. It
+was held for some time by the _Rev._ John Home, author of the tragedy of
+_Douglas_, who died in 1808; and afterwards by a Sir Alex. Lenier, whose
+name is found in the _Edinburgh Almanack_ as "Conservator at Campvere" till
+1847, when the office and the officer seem to have expired together.
+
+J. L.
+
+_Sir Gilbert Gerard_ (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.).--In addition to the
+information I formerly sent you in answer to MR. SPEDDING'S inquiry, I am
+now enabled to state two facts, which greatly reduce the period within
+which the date of Sir Gilbert Gerard's death may be fixed. Among the
+records in Carlton Ride, is an enrolment of his account as _Custos Domûs
+Conversorum_ from January 29, 34 Eliz. (1592) to January 29, 35 Eliz.
+(1593). And a search in Doctors' Commons has resulted in the discovery,
+that Sir Gilbert's will was proved, not, as Dugdale states, in April, 1592,
+but on April 6, 1593. He died therefore between January 29 and April 6,
+1593.
+
+Dugdale mentions that there is no epitaph on his monument.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_Mistletoe_ (Vol. vii., p. 270.).--I wish to mention that the mistletoe has
+been tried at the Botanic Gardens belonging to Trinity College, Dublin;
+and, after flourishing for some years, it died away. Indeed, I think it has
+been repeatedly tried there, but without eventual success.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Wild Plants and their Names_ (Vol. vii., p. 233.).--_Cowslip_, "Palsy
+Wort." Culpepper says:
+
+    "Because they strengthen the brain and nerves, and remedy palsies, the
+    Greeks gave them the name _paralysis_." "The flowers preserved, or
+    conserved, and the quantity of a nutmeg taken every morning, is a
+    sufficient dose for inward disorders."
+
+For the ointment he gives the following receipt:
+
+    "Bruise the _flowers_; and to two handfuls of these, add a pound of
+    hog's grease dried. Put it in a stone pot, covered with paper, and set
+    it in the sun or a warm place three or four days to melt. Take it out
+    and boil it a little; strain it out when hot; pressing it out very hard
+    in a press. To this grease add as many herbs as before, and repeat the
+    whole process, if you wish the ointment strong.--Yet this I tell you,
+    the fuller of juice the herbs are, the sooner will your ointment be
+    strong; the last time you boil it, boil it so long till your herbs be
+    crisp, and the juice consumed; then strain it, pressing it hard in a
+    press; and to every pound of ointment, add two ounces of turpentine,
+    and as much wax."
+
+CERIDWEN.
+
+_Coninger or Coningry, Coneygar or Conygre_ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 241.
+368.).--There are many fields in the midland counties which bear the name
+of _conigree_. In some instances they are in the vicinity of manor-houses.
+The British name of a rabbit is _cwningen_, plural _cwning_. That of a
+rabbit warren is _cwning-gaer_, that is, literally, rabbits' camp. The term
+_coneygar_ is so like this, that it may be supposed to have been derived
+from it.
+
+N. W. S. (2)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+It would be difficult to find a book better calculated to prove the good
+service which the Camden Society is rendering to historical literature,
+than the one which has just been circulated among its members. The work,
+which is entitled _Letters and Papers of the Verney Family down to the end
+of the year 1639. Printed from the original MSS. in the possession of Sir
+Harry Verney, Bart., edited by_ John Bruce, Esq., Treas. S. A., is of
+direct historical value, although at the first glance it would seem rather
+to illustrate the fortunes of the Verneys than the history of the country.
+For, as the editor well observes--
+
+    "The most valuable materials, even for general history, are to be found
+    among the records of private and personal experience. More true
+    knowledge of the spirit of an age, more real acquaintance with the
+    feelings and actual circumstances of a people, may be gleaned from a
+    delineation of the affairs of a single family, than from studied
+    historical composition. The one is the expression of cotemporary and
+    spontaneous feeling, and, although limited, is unquestionably genuine;
+    the other is a deduction from knowledge, imperfect even when most
+    extensive, and too frequently coloured by the feelings and prejudices
+    of a subsequent and altered period."
+
+But, valuable as are the materials which the liberality of Sir Harry Verney
+has placed at the disposal of the Society, it is obvious that they are of a
+nature which a publisher might hesitate to produce, even if their owner,
+which is very doubtful, had thought fit to place them in the hands of one
+for that purpose. Hence the utility of a society which has influence to
+draw from the muniment rooms of our old families, such materials as those
+found in the present volume, and which, strung together with the agreeable
+and instructive narrative with which Mr. Bruce has accompanied them, will
+secure for the _Verney Papers_ the character of being one of the very best,
+as well as of the most amusing books, which the Camden Society has given to
+the world. {442}
+
+Having had an opportunity of being present at the private view of Messrs.
+De la Motte and Cundall's _Photographic Institution_, in New Bond Street,
+we were highly pleased with the interesting specimens of the art there
+collected, which in our opinion far exceed any similar productions which
+have come before the public. We strongly advise our readers to visit this
+exhibition, that they may see the rapid progress which the art is making,
+and how applicable it is to their archæological pursuits.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Vale Royal of England, or the County Palatine of
+Chester Illustrated. Abridged and revised, &c._, by Thomas Hughes. The
+title-page of this little volume puts forth its claim to the attention of
+Cheshire antiquaries.--_The Family Shakspeare_, by Thomas Bowdler, Vol. VI.
+This volume completes this handsome reprint of an edition of Shakspeare,
+which fathers and brothers, who may scruple at bringing before their
+daughters and sisters the blemishes which the character of the age has left
+in Shakspeare's writings, may safely present to them; as in it nothing is
+added to the original text, from which only those words and expressions are
+omitted which cannot with propriety be read in a family.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  TILLOTSON. Vols. I., II., IV., V., XI. 12mo. Tonson, London, 1748.
+
+  LIVY. Vol I. 12mo. Maittaire, London, 1722.
+
+  ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Vols. I., II., III., IV., V.,
+      XIX., XX. 5s. each. The above in Parts or Monthly Numbers will do.
+
+  THE AVIARY, OR MAGAZINE OF BRITISH MELODY.
+
+  A COLLECTION OF DIVERTING SONGS, AIRS, &c.: Both published about the
+      middle of last century.
+
+  CHURCHMAN'S SHEET ALMANAC: all the Years.
+
+  GRETTON'S INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION, &c. Part II.
+
+  VIEWS OF ARUNDEL HOUSE IN THE STRAND, 1646. London, published by T.
+      Thane, Rupert Street, Haymarket. 1792.
+
+  PARKER'S GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. 2nd Edition.
+
+  PICKERING'S STATUTES AT LARGE. 8vo. Edit. Camb. From 46 Geo. III. cap.
+      144. (Vol. XLVI. Part I.) to 1 Wm. IV.
+
+  EUROPEAN MAGAZINE. Nos. for May, 1817; January, February, May, June,
+      1818; April, June, July, October, and December, 1819.
+
+  STANHOPE'S PARAPHRASE OF EPISTLES AND GOSPELS. London, 1732. Vols. III.
+      and IV.
+
+  THE LAWYER AND MAGISTRATE'S MAGAZINE, complete, or single Volumes,
+      _circa_ 1805-1810.
+
+  TODD'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
+
+  PHELPS' HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SOMERSETSHIRE. Part 4., and Parts 9.
+      to end.
+
+  BAYLE'S DICTIONARY. English Version, by DE MAIZEAUX. London, 1738. Vols.
+      I. and II.
+
+  SWIFT'S (DEAN) WORKS. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 volumes 1768. Vol. I.
+
+  TRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vol. I. and II.
+
+  ARCHÆOLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VII. Boards.
+
+  MARTYN'S PLANTÆ CANTABRIGIENSES. 12mo. London, 1763.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to a necessity for going to press this week at an unusually early
+period, that the present Number might be included in the Monthly Part, we
+are compelled to omit replies to many Correspondents._
+
+L. A. M. (Great Yarmouth) _will find several Notes respecting the means of
+discovering the bodies of the drowned in our_ 4th Vol., pp. 148. 251. 297.
+
+H. O. N. (Brighton). _In our own practice we have never obtained pictures
+with the agreeable colour which is produced by the iodide of silver, when
+iodide of ammonium has been used. The flaking of the collodion would
+indicate an excess of iodide, and is often cured by the addition of about
+twenty drops of alcohol to an ounce of collodion. The feathery appearance
+is difficult to comprehend, without seeing a specimen. If you are using
+glass which has been previously used, the most minute remains of iron would
+cause a discoloration. Muriatic acid is the most effectual remedy for
+cleaning glass so used. It may be procured at_ 2½d. _per lb., and should be
+diluted with three parts of water._
+
+AN AMATEUR (Oxford). _We are not of opinion that Mr. Talbot could restrain
+any one from taking collodion portraits, as patentee of the Talbotype
+process. It is done in many parts of London daily without any
+permission.--See _Times'_ Advertisements, &c._
+
+C. E. F. _We think you use too strong a solution of the ammonio-nitrate of
+silver: thirty grains to the ounce of water, and then redissolved with the
+strong liq. ammon., give to us most satisfactory result,--the paper being
+prepared before with chloride of barium, chloride of sodium, and chloride
+of ammonia, of each half a drachm to the quart of water, in which half an
+ounce of mannite, or sugar of milk, has been previously dissolved. When
+sufficiently printed, put it into the hypo. sulph. solution, without
+previous immersion._
+
+H. L. L. _We shall be happy to render you the best assistance we can, if
+you will communicate with us again. For iodized paper we may safely refer
+you to our advertising columns._
+
+_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price
+Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S construction, Micrometers,
+Polarizing Apparatus, Object glasses, and Eye-pieces. S. STRAKER supplies
+any of the above of the first quality, and will forward by post free a new
+priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus.
+
+162. FLEET STREET, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.--if the readers of NOTES AND QUERIES, who
+suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, blushing,
+groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the head,
+failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c.,
+will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of
+above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his
+advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without a fee, and will
+render the same service to the friends of the insane.--At home from 11 to
+3.
+
+18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of
+the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his
+practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection
+of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve
+the sight to extreme old age.
+
+ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the
+Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so
+constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface
+of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a
+telescope so fitted give one-third more magnifying power and light than
+could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on
+application to
+
+WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STEEL PENS.--PARTRIDGE & COZEN'S STEEL PENS are the best; made of the
+purest steel, all selected and warranted. Fine or medium points, 1s. 3d.
+per box of twelve dozen; broad ditto, 1s. 6d.; extra broad, 1s. 6d., a very
+easy pen--will write with comfort on brown paper; correspondence pen, 1s.
+3d. per box--this pen adapts itself to any hand. P. & C. are the original
+makers, and although there are many imitations, it is still unequalled.
+Best magnum bonums, 3s. 6d. per gross; silver pens, 1s., and gold ditto,
+2s. each, warranted; patent holders, fit any pen, 6d. dozen, or 5s. gross.
+A liberal allowance to shippers and the trade. Samples per post, on receipt
+of six stamps.
+
+PARTRIDGE & COZEN'S Cheap Stationery Warehouses, 127. and 128. Chancery
+Lane.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JUST PUBLISHED.--A CATALOGUE OF CURIOUS BOOKS, by J. CROZIER, 5. New
+Turnstile, near Lincoln's Inn Fields, Holborn. Catalogues sent on receipt
+of One Postage Stamp. {443}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PREPARING FOR IMMEDIATE PUBLICATION.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES:
+
+Comprising Plain Directions for the Practice of Photography, including the
+Collodion Process on Glass; the Paper and Wax-Paper Processes; Printing
+from Glass and Paper Negatives, &c.
+
+By DR. DIAMOND, F.S.A.
+
+With Notes on the Application of Photography to Archæology, &c.,
+
+By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
+
+The spacious Plate Glass House, 30 feet by 15, with the Class Rooms and
+Ladies' Apartment, being nearly completed. Classes or Private Lessons,
+embracing all branches of Photography, will commence May 2nd, 1853, for
+Gentlemen, and May 3rd, for Ladies.
+
+A perfect Apparatus with Ross's finest Lenses has been procured, and every
+new improvement will be added.
+
+The School will be under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has
+been long connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist
+to the Institution.
+
+A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
+
+THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.
+
+Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated
+Lenses for Portraits and Views.
+
+General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and other
+Talbotype Papers.
+
+Pure Photographic Chemicals.
+
+Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver)--J. B.
+HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see _Athenæum_, Aug. 14th). Their
+Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,
+tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any
+climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.
+manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements
+adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for
+Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses
+from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Established 1824.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum of
+131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
+different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
+five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.
+
+The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being
+now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits
+obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF
+PARTNERSHIP.
+
+POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next
+Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.
+
+On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need to
+be paid for the first five years.
+
+INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.
+
+Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are
+_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.
+
+Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
+Society's Agents, or of
+
+GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
+
+_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+_Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+_Trustees._
+
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age      _£  s.  d._
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in
+1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.
+
+  HONORARY PRESIDENTS.
+
+  Earl of Courtown
+  Earl Leven and Melville
+  Earl of Norbury
+  Earl of Stair
+  Viscount Falkland
+  Lord Elphinstone
+  Lord Belhaven and Stenton
+  Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan
+
+      LONDON BOARD.
+
+  _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq.
+  _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq.
+
+  H. Blair Avarne, Esq.
+  E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_.
+  C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.
+  William Fairlie, Esq.
+  D. Q. Henriques, Esq.
+  J. G. Henriques, Esq.
+  F. C. Maitland, Esq.
+  William Railton, Esq.
+  F. H. Thomson, Esq.
+  Thomas Thorby, Esq.
+
+  MEDICAL OFFICERS.
+
+  _Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,
+  8. Bennett Street, St. James's.
+
+  _Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.
+
+The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as
+follows:--
+
+    Sum    |   Time   |   Sum added to     |   Sum
+  Assured. | Assured. |      Policy        | Payable
+           |          +--------------------+ at Death.
+           |          | In 1841. In 1848.  |
+  ---------+----------+---------+----------+----------
+      £    |          |   £ s.d.|   £  s.d.|    £  s.d.
+     5000  | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8
+   * 1000  |  7 years |  -  -   | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0
+      500  |  1 year  |  -  -   |  11  5 0 |  511  5 0
+
+* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took
+out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in
+1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 2¼ per
+cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each
+1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the
+premiums paid.
+
+The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only
+one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for
+Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident
+Director.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may
+be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured
+Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of
+Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. {444}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+DE LOLME ON THE CONSTITUTION OF ENGLAND, or ACCOUNT of the ENGLISH
+GOVERNMENT; edited, with Life and Notes, by JOHN MACGREGOR, M.P. Post 8vo.,
+cloth 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+DIOGENES LAERTIUS, LIVES and OPINIONS of the ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS,
+translated, with Notes, by C. D. YONGE, B.A. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+NORWAY and its SCENERY, Comprising PRICE'S JOURNAL, with large Additions,
+and a ROAD-BOOK. Edited by THOS. FORESTER, Esq., with 22 Illustrations,
+beautifully engraved on steel by Lucas. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR APRIL AND MAY.
+
+HUMPHREY'S COIN COLLECTOR'S MANUAL: a Popular Introduction to the Study of
+Coins, Ancient and Modern; with elaborate Indexes, and numerous
+highly-finished Engravings on wood and steel. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 5s.
+per volume.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+PAULI'S LIFE OF ALFRED THE GREAT, translated from the German. To which is
+appended, ALFRED'S ANGLO-SAXON VERSION of OROSIUS, with a Literal English
+Translation interpaged, Notes, and an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary, by
+B. THORPE, Esq. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Price One Shilling, post 8vo. in wrapper.
+
+GERVINUS' INTRODUCTION to his HISTORY of the 19th CENTURY, translated from
+the German, with a Memoir of the Author.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+KENNEDY'S SELECTIONS of CLASSICAL POETRY, being principally Translations
+from English Poets. Post 8vo., cloth, 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MR. COLLIER'S NEW TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE.
+
+Now ready, in one volume super-royal 8vo., 21s., cloth gilt, 42s., in
+morocco, by Hayday; handsomely printed in a clear readable type, with
+portrait, vignette, and fac-simile,
+
+THE PLAYS OF SHAKSPEARE. The Text regulated by the old copies, and by the
+recently discovered folio of 1632; containing early manuscript emendations.
+Edited by J. PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ., F.S.A.
+
+WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MR. ARNOLD'S ELEMENTARY LATIN BOOKS.
+
+In 12mo., price 3s., a new edition of
+
+HENRY'S FIRST LATIN BOOK.
+
+*** The object of this Work (which is founded on the principles of
+imitation and frequent repetition) is to enable the pupil to do exercises
+from the first day of his beginning his Accidence. It is recommended by the
+Oxford Diocesan Board of Education as an useful Work for Middle or
+Commercial Schools; and adopted at the National Society's Training College
+at Chelsea.
+
+By THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and Late Fellow of
+Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; and SIMPKIN,
+MARSHALL, & CO.
+
+Also, by the same Author,
+
+1. A SECOND LATIN BOOK and PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. Intended as a Sequel to
+Henry's First Latin Book. Fifth Edition. 4s.
+
+2. A FIRST VERSE BOOK; being an easy Introduction to the Mechanism of the
+Latin Hexameter and Pentameter. Fifth Edition. 2s.
+
+3. COMPANION TO THE FIRST VERSE BOOK, containing additional Exercises. 1s.
+
+4. ECLOGÆ OVIDIANÆ; with ENGLISH NOTES, &c. Eighth Edition. 2s. 6d. This
+Work is from the Fifth Part of the "Lateinisches Elementarbuch" of
+Professors Jacobs and Döring, which has an immense circulation on the
+Continent and in America.
+
+5. ECLOGÆ OVIDIANÆ, Part II., containing Selections from the
+"Metamorphoses." With ENGLISH NOTES. 5s.
+
+6. HISTORIÆ ANTIQUÆ EPITOME, from "Cornelius Nepos," "Justin," &c. With
+English Notes, Rules for Construing, Questions, Geographical Lists, &c.
+Fifth Edition. 4s.
+
+7. CORNELIUS NEPOS, Part I. With Critical Questions and Answers, and an
+Imitative Exercise on each Chapter. Third Edition. 4s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This day, Foolscap Octavo, price 7s. 6d.
+
+THE POEMS OF GOETHE, Translated in the Original Metres. By EDGAR ALFRED
+BOWRING. Preceded by a Sketch of Goethe's Life.
+
+Also, translated by Mr. Bowring, 6s.
+
+THE POEMS OF SCHILLER COMPLETE.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Twenty-eighth Edition.
+
+NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on
+the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind, and the means
+of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all Chronic Diseases, by
+DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON & STONEMAN. Price 4d., or Post Free from
+the Author for Five Penny Stamps.
+
+    "We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the
+    careful perusal of our invalid readers."--_John Bull Newspaper, June 5,
+    1852_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary
+Remains.
+
+The Annual General Meeting will be held at the Freemasons' Tavern, Great
+Queen Street, on Monday, May 2nd, at 4 o'clock. The LORD BRAYBROOKE, the
+President, in the Chair.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The following are the Publications of the Society for the year 1852-53:
+
+I. The Camden Miscellany, Volume the Second, containing:--1. Account of the
+Expenses of John of Brabant, and Henry and Thomas of Lancaster, 1292-3. 2.
+Household Account of the Princess Elizabeth 1551-2. 3. The Request and
+Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, written by William Cholmeley, 1553. 4.
+Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell in March, 1627-8. 5.
+Trelawny Papers; and 6. Autobiography of William Taswell. D.D.
+
+II. Letters and Papers of the Verney Family down to the end of the year
+1639. Printed from the original MSS. in the possession of Sir Harry Verney,
+Bart. Edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Treas. S.A.
+
+III. Regulæ Inclusarum: The Ancren Rewele: A treatise on the Rules and
+Duties of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the 13th Century.
+Edited by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln. (Nearly
+ready.)
+
+The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due on the
+1st of May.
+
+Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be addressed
+to the Secretary, or the MESSRS. NICHOLS, No. 25. Parliament Street,
+Westminster, by whom the Subscriptions are received.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IN VOLUMES FOR THE POCKET, PRICE FIVE SHILLINGS EACH.
+
+Now ready, in Six Volumes, fcp. 8vo., price 5s. each.
+
+BOWDLER'S FAMILY SHAKSPEARE. In which nothing is added to the Original
+Text; but those Words and Expressions are _omitted_ which cannot with
+propriety be read aloud in a Family. A New Edition.
+
+*** Also a LIBRARY EDITION, with 36 Wood Engravings, from Designs by
+Smirke, Howard, and other Artists; complete in One Volume, 8vo., price One
+Guinea.
+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day, Seventh Edition, revised, 5s.
+
+VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. 3s. 6d.
+
+LECTURES ON THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD AND EVIL ANGELS. 3s.
+6d.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now publishing, in post 8vo., price 5s. cloth.
+
+THE LEARNED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: being an
+Account of their respective Origin, History, Objects, and Constitution. By
+the REV. A. HUME, LL.D. With a SUPPLEMENT, containing all the recently
+established Societies and Printing Clubs, and COMPLETE LISTS OF THEIR
+PUBLICATIONS to the present Time, by A. I. EVANS. This Work will be found
+of great utility to all Literary Men, Public Libraries, &c.
+
+G. WILLIS, Piazza, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of
+St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 30.
+1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 183, April
+30, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 30, 1853 ***
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+      Notes And Queries, Issue 183.
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+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2008 [EBook #26753]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 30, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<p><!-- Page 421 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page421"></a>{421}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;CAPTAIN CUTTLE.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 183.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 30. 1853.</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition <i>5d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Proclamation of Henry VIII. against the Possession of Religious
+      Books, by Joseph Burtt</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page421">421</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Latin: Latiner</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page423">423</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Inedited Poems, by W. Honeycombe</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page424">424</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Round Towers of the Cyclades</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page425">425</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page426">426</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>General Monk and the University of Cambridge</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page427">427</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Curiosities of Railway
+      Literature&mdash;Cromwell's    Seal&mdash;Rhymes upon
+      Places&mdash;Tom Track's    Ghost</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page427">427</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Jacob Bobart and his Dragon, &amp;c., By H. T. Bobart</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page428">428</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Bishop Berkeley's Portrait, by Dr. J. H. Todd</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page428">428</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Life&mdash;"The Boy
+      of Heaven"&mdash;Bells&mdash;Captain    Ayloff&mdash;Robert
+      Johnson&mdash;Selling a Wife&mdash;Jock    of Arden&mdash;Inigo
+      Jones&mdash;Dean Boyle&mdash;Euphormio&mdash;Optical
+      Query&mdash;Archbishop King&mdash;Neal's    Manuscripts&mdash;Whence
+      the Word "Cossack?"&mdash;Picts'    Houses and Argils&mdash;The
+      Drummer's Letter&mdash;The Cardinal    Spider&mdash;New England
+      Genealogical Society, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page429">429</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries With Answers</span>:&mdash;Dr. John
+      Harcliffe,    Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby&mdash;"Haulf
+      Naked"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page431">431</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Legend of Lamech: Hebrew Etymology, by H. Walter, T. J.
+      Buckton, and Joseph Rix</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page432">432</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Lord Coke's Charge to the Jury</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page433">433</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>White Roses, by James Crossley</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page434">434</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Burial of Unclaimed Corpse</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page435">435</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Psalmanazar, by James Crossley</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page435">435</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Grafts and the Parent Tree</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page436">436</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Glass
+      Baths&mdash;Securing    Calotype Negatives</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page437">437</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Wood of
+      the Cross&mdash;Bishops'    Lawn Sleeves&mdash;Inscriptions in
+      Books&mdash;Lines    quoted by Charles Lamb&mdash;Parochial
+      Libraries&mdash;Huet's    Navigations of Solomon&mdash;Derby
+      Municipal    Seal&mdash;Annueller&mdash;Rev. Richard Midgley, Vicar
+      of    Rochdale&mdash;Nose of Wax&mdash;Canongate
+      Marriages&mdash;Sculptured    Emaciated Figures&mdash;Do the Sun's
+      Rays    put out the Fire?&mdash;Spontaneous Combustion&mdash;Ecclesia
+      Anglicana&mdash;Wyle Cop&mdash;Chaucer&mdash;Campvere, Privileges
+      of&mdash;Sir Gilbert Gerard&mdash;Mistletoe&mdash;Wild    Plants and
+      their Names&mdash;Coninger or Coningry</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page437">437</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page441">441</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page442">442</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page442">442</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Advertisements</p>
+    </td>
+    <td style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page442">442</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>PROCLAMATION OF HENRY VIII. AGAINST THE
+POSSESSION OF RELIGIOUS BOOKS.</h3>
+
+  <p>The progress of the Reformation in England must have been greatly
+  affected by the extent to which the art of printing was brought to bear
+  upon the popular mind. Before the charms of Anne Boleyn could have had
+  much effect, or "doubts" had troubled the royal conscience, Wolsey had
+  been compelled to forbid the introduction or printing of books and tracts
+  calculated to increase the unsettled condition of the faith.</p>
+
+  <p>The following proclamation, now for the first time printed, may have
+  originated in the ineffectual result of the cardinal's directions. The
+  readers of Strype and Fox will see that the threats which both contain
+  were no idle ones, and that men were indeed "corrected and punisshed for
+  theyr contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke
+  trangressours."</p>
+
+  <p>The list of books prohibited by the order of 1526 contains all those
+  mentioned by name in the present proclamation, except the <i>Summary of
+  Scripture</i>; and it will be seen that such full, general terms are used
+  that no obnoxious production could escape, if brought to light. The
+  <i>Revelation of Antichrist</i> was written by Luther.</p>
+
+  <p>Strype does not seem to have been aware of the existence of this
+  particular proclamation, which was issued in the year 1530. Under the
+  year 1534 (<i>Ecclesiastical Memorials, &amp;c.</i>, Oxford, 1822, vol.
+  i. part i. p. 253.), he thus refers to what he thought to be the first
+  royal proclamation upon the subject:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Much light was let in among the common people by the New Testament
+  and other good books in English, which, for the most part being printed
+  beyond sea, were by stealth brought into England, and dispersed here by
+  well-disposed men. For the preventing the importation and using of these
+  books, the king this year issued out a strict proclamation, by the
+  petition of the clergy now met in Convocation, in the month of
+  December.</p>
+
+  <p>"Nor was this the first time such books were prohibited to be brought
+  in: for us small quantities of them were secretly conveyed into these
+  parts from time to time, for the discovering, in that dark age, the <!--
+  Page 422 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page422"></a>{422}</span>gross
+  papal innovations, as well in the doctrine of the Sacrament as in
+  image-worship, addressing to saints, purgatory, pilgrimages, and the
+  like.</p>
+
+  <p>"A previous order (in the year 1526) was issued by the Bishop of
+  London, by the instigation of Cardinal Wolsey, calling in all English
+  translations of the Scripture. And other books of this nature were then
+  forbid."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This proclamation, therefore, well merits preservation in your pages,
+  as one of the hitherto unknown "evidences" of the terrible and trying
+  times to which it refers.</p>
+
+  <p>It shows, too, the value of the class of papers upon which the Society
+  of Antiquaries are bestowing so much attention. The original was found
+  among a miscellaneous collection in the Chapter House, Westminster.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Joseph Burtt.</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">A PROCLAMATION.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">... nse Junii Anno regni metuendissimi Domini
+nostri Regis Henrici Octavi xxij.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b2n">
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Proclamation</span>, made and divysed by the Kyngis
+  Highnes, with the advise of His Honorable Counsaile, for dampning of
+  erronious bokes and heresies, and prohibitinge the havinge of Holy
+  Scripture translated into the vulgar tonges of englische, frenche, or
+  duche, in suche maner as within this proclamation is expressed.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>The Kinge, oure most dradde soveraigne lorde, studienge and providynge
+  dayly for the weale, benefite, and honour of this his most [n]oble
+  realme, well and evidently perceiveth, that partly through the malicious
+  suggestion of our gostly enemy, partly by the yvell and perverse
+  inclination and sedicious disposition of sundry persons, divers heresies
+  and erronio[us] [o]pinions have ben late sowen and spredde amonge his
+  subjectes of this his said realme, by blasphemous and pestiferous
+  englishe bokes, printed in other regions and sent into this realme, to
+  the entent as well to perverte and withdrawe the people from the
+  catholike and true fayth of Christe, as also to stirre and incense them
+  to sedition and disobedience agaynst their princes, soveraignes, and
+  heedes, as also to cause them to contempne and neglect all good lawes,
+  customes, and vertuous maners, to the final subversion and desolacion of
+  this noble realme, if they myght have prevayled (which God forbyd) in
+  theyr most cursed [p]ersuasions and malicious purposes. Where upon the
+  kynges hignes (<i>sic</i>), by his incomparable wysedome, forseinge and
+  most prudently considerynge, hath invited and called to hym the primates
+  of this his gracis realme, and also a sufficient nombre of discrete,
+  vertuous, and well-lerned personages in divinite, as well of either of
+  the universites, Oxforde and Cambrige, as also hath chosen and taken out
+  of other parties of his realme; gyvinge unto them libertie to speke and
+  declare playnly their advises, judgmentes, and determinations,
+  concernynge as well the approbation or rejectynge of suche bokes as be in
+  any parte suspected, as also the admission and divulgation of the Olde
+  and Newe Testament translated into englishe. Wher upon his highnes, in
+  his owne royall person, callynge to hym the said primates and divines,
+  hath seriously and depely, with great leisure and longe deliberation,
+  consulted, debated, inserched, and discussed the premisses: and finally,
+  by all their free assentes, consentes, and agrementes, concluded,
+  resolved, and determyned, that these bokes ensuynge, that is to say, the
+  boke entitled the wicked Mammona, the boke named the Obedience of a
+  Christen Man, the Supplication of Beggars, and the boke called the
+  Revelation of Antichrist, the Summary of Scripture, and divers other
+  bokes made in the englisshe tonge, and imprinted beyonde y<sup>e</sup>
+  see, do conteyne in them pestiferous errours and blasphemies; and for
+  that cause, shall from hensforth be reputed and taken of all men, for
+  bokes of heresie, and worthy to be dampned, and put in perpetuall
+  oblivion. The kingis said highnes therfore straitly chargeth and
+  commandeth, all and every his subjectes, of what astate or condition so
+  ever he or they be, as they wyll avoyde his high indignacion and most
+  grevous displeasure, that they from hensforth do not bye, receyve, or
+  have, any of the bokes before named, or any other boke, beinge in the
+  englisshe tonge, and printed beyonde the see, of what matter so ever it
+  be, or any copie written, drawen out of the same, or the same bokes in
+  the frenche or duche tonge. And to the entent that his highnes wylbe
+  asserteyned, what nombre of the said erronious bokes shal be founde from
+  tyme to tyme within this his realme, his highnes therfore chargeth and
+  commaundeth, that all and every person or persones, whiche hath or
+  herafter shall have, any boke or bokes in the englisshe tonge, printed
+  beyonde the see, as is afore written, or any of the sayde erronious bokes
+  in the frenche or duche tonge: that he or they, within fyftene dayes
+  nexte after the publisshynge of this present proclamation, do actually
+  delyver or sende the same bokes and every of them to the bisshop of the
+  diocese, wherin he or they dwelleth, or to his commissary, or els before
+  good testimonie, to theyr curate or parisshe preest, to be presented by
+  the same curate or parisshe preest to the sayd bisshop or his commissary.
+  And so doynge, his highnes frely pardoneth and acquiteth them, and every
+  of them, of all penalties, forfaitures, and paynes, wherin they have
+  incurred or fallen, by reason of any statute, acte, ordinaunce, or
+  proclamation before this tyme made, concernynge any offence or
+  transgression by than commytted or done, by or for the kepynge or
+  holdynge of the sayde bokes.</p>
+
+  <p>Forseen and provided alwayes, that they from hensforth truely do
+  observe, kepe, and obey this <!-- Page 423 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page423"></a>{423}</span>his present gracis proclamation and
+  commaundement. Also his highnes commaundeth all mayres, sheriffes,
+  bailliffes, constables, bursholders, and other officers and ministers
+  within this his realme, that if they shall happen by any meanes or wayes
+  to knowe that any person or persons do herafter bye, receyve, have, or
+  deteyne any of the sayde erronious bokes, printed or written anywhere, or
+  any other bokes in englisshe tonge printed beyonde the see, or the saide
+  erronious bokes printed or written in the frenche or duche tonge,
+  contrarie to this present proclamation, that they beinge therof well
+  assured, do immediatly attache the said person or persons, and brynge hym
+  or them to the kynges highnes and his most honorable counsayle; where
+  they shalbe corrected and punisshed for theyr contempte and disobedience,
+  to the terrible example of other lyke transgressours.</p>
+
+  <p>Moreover his highnes commaundeth, that no maner of person or persons
+  take upon hym or them to printe any boke or bokes in englisshe tonge,
+  concernynge holy scripture, not before this tyme printed within this his
+  realme, untyll suche tyme as the same boke or bokes be examyned and
+  approved by the ordinary of the diocese where the said bokes shalbe
+  printed: And that the printer therof, upon every of the sayde bokes
+  beinge so examyned, do sette the name of the examynour or examynours,
+  with also his owne name, upon the saide bokes, as he will answere to the
+  kynges highnes at his uttermost peryll.</p>
+
+  <p>And farthermore, for as moche as it is come to the herynge of our
+  sayde soveraigne lorde the kynge, that reporte is made by dyvers and many
+  of his subjectes, that it were to all men not onely expedyent, but also
+  necessarye, to have in the englisshe tonge bothe the newe testament and
+  the olde, and that his highnes, his noble men, and prelates, were bounden
+  to suffre them so to have it: His highnes hath therfore semblably there
+  upon consulted with the sayde primates ... discrete, and well lerned
+  personages, in divinite forsayde, and by them all it is thought, that it
+  is not necessary th ... to be in the englisshe tonge, and in the handes
+  of the commen people; but that the distrib ... the said scripture ...
+  denyenge therof dependeth onely upon the discretion of the superiours, as
+  ... to the malignite of this present tyme, with the inclination of the
+  people to erroni ... the olde in to the vulgare tonge of englysshe,
+  shulde rather be the occasyon of ... people, than any benfyte or
+  commodite to warde the weale of their soules. And ... e have the holy
+  scripture expouned to them by preachers in theyr sermons, ac ... this
+  tyme, All be it if it shall here after appere to the kynges highnes, that
+  his sa ... rse, erronious, and sedicious opinyons, with the newe testment
+  and the olde, corrup ... ge in printe: And that the same bokes and all
+  other bokes of heresye, as well ... termynate and exiled out of this
+  realme of Englande for ever: his highnes e ... great lerned and catholyke
+  persones, translated in to the englisshe tonge, if it sha[ll] than seme t
+  ... conv ... his highnes at this tyme, by the hoole advise and full
+  determination of all the said primates, and ... discrete and subs ...
+  lerned personages of both universites, and other before expressed, and by
+  the assent of his nobles and others of his moste hon[orab]le Counsayle,
+  wylleth and straytly commaundeth, that all and every person and persones,
+  of what astate, degre, or condition so ever he or they be, whiche hath
+  the newe testament or the olde translated in to englysshe, or any other
+  boke of holy scripture so translated, beynge in printe, or copied out of
+  the bokes nowe beinge in printe, that he or they do immediatly brynge the
+  same boke or bokes, or cause the same to be broughte to the bysshop of
+  the dyocese where he dwelleth, or to the handes of other the sayde
+  persones, at the daye afore limytted, in fourme afore expressed and
+  mencioned, as he wyll avoyde the kynges high indignation and displeasure.
+  And that no person or persons from hensforth do bye, receyve, kepe, or
+  have the newe testament or the olde in the englisshe tonge, or in the
+  frenche or duche tonge, excepte suche persones as be appoynted by the
+  kinges highnes and the bisshops of this his realme, for the correction or
+  amending of the said translation, as they will answere to the kynges
+  highnes at theyr uttermost perils, and wyll avoyde suche punisshement as
+  they, doynge contrary to the purport of this proclamation shall suffre,
+  to the dredefull example of all other lyke offenders.</p>
+
+  <p>And his highnes further commaundeth, that all suche statutes, actes
+  and ordinances, as before this tyme have been made and enacted, as well
+  in y<sup>e</sup> tyme of his moste gracious reigne, as also in the tyme
+  of his noble progenitours, concernying heresies, and havynge and
+  deteynynge erronyous bokes, contrary and agynst the faythe catholyke,
+  shall immediatly be put in effectuall and due execution over and besyde
+  this present proclamation.</p>
+
+  <p>And god save the kynge.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Tho. Bertheletus</span>, Regius impressor excusit.<br />
+Cum privilegio.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LATIN&mdash;LATINER.</h3>
+
+  <p>It is interesting to note the great variety of significations in which
+  the word Latin has been used. Sometimes it means Italian, sometimes
+  Spanish, sometimes the Romance language. Again, it has been used as
+  synonymous with language, learning, discourse; or to express that a
+  matter is plain and intelligible. <!-- Page 424 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page424"></a>{424}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Muratori, in describing the "Cangiamento dell' Lingua Latina nella
+  volgare Italiana," observes,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Così a poco a poco il volgo di questa bella Provincia [Italia], oltre
+  adottare moltissimi vocaboli forestieri, andò ancora alterando i proprj,
+  cioè i Latini, cambiando le terminazioni delle parole, accorciandole,
+  allungandole, e corrompendole. In somma se ne formò un nuovo Linguaggio,
+  che <i>Volgare</i> si appellava, perchè usato dal <i>Volgo
+  d'Italia.</i>"&mdash;Muratori, <i>Della Perfetta Poesia Italiana</i>,
+  tomo i. p. 6., ed. Venez., 1730.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>So Boccaccio, giving an account of the intention of his poem, the
+  "Teseide," writes,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Ma tu, o libro, primo al lor cantare</p>
+      <p>Di Marte fai gli affanni sostenuti,</p>
+      <p>Nel <i>vulgar latino</i> mai non veduti,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>where, as in the letter to La Fiammetta, prefixed to this poem,
+  <i>vulgar latino</i> is evidently Italian ("Trovata una antichissima
+  storia ... in <i>latino volgare</i> ... ho ridotta"), and not the
+  Provençal tongue, as Mr. Craik suggests in his <i>Literature and Learning
+  in England</i>, vol. ii. p. 48., where he supposes Boccaccio to have
+  translated <i>from</i>, and not, as is clear, <i>into</i>, <i>latino
+  volgare</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>Dante repeatedly uses Latino for Italiano, as in <i>Purgatorio</i>,
+  xi. 58.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Io fui Latino, e nato d'un gran Tosco."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>And in <i>Inf.</i> xxii. 65.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Conosci tu alcun, che sia Latino."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In <i>Paradiso</i>, iii. 63.,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Sì che il raffigurar m' è più <i>latino</i>,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>latino</i> evidently means easy, clear, plain. "Forse contrario di
+  barbaro, strano," says Volpi, "noi Lombardi in questo significato diciamo
+  <i>ladin</i>." The "discreto latino" of Thomas Aquinas, elsewhere in
+  <i>Paradiso</i> (xii. 144.), must mean "sage discourse." Chaucer, when he
+  invokes the muse, in the proeme to the second book of "Troilus and
+  Creseide," only asks her for rhyme, because, saith he,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Of no sentement I this endite,</p>
+      <p>But out of <i>Latine</i> in my tongue it write."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Where "Latine," of course, means Boccaccio's <i>Filostrato</i>, from
+  which Chaucer's poem is taken.</p>
+
+  <p>In the "Poema del Cid," <i>latinado</i> seems to mean person
+  conversant with the Spanish or Romance language of the period:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Quando esta falsedad dicien los de Carrion,</p>
+      <p>Un Moro <i>Latinado</i> bien gelo entendio."&mdash;v. 2675.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Mr. Ticknor remarks, that when the Christian conquests were pushed on
+  towards the south of Spain, the Moors, who remained inclosed in the
+  Christian population, and spoke or assumed its language, were originally
+  called <i>Moros Latinados</i>; and refers to the <i>Cronica General</i>,
+  where, respecting Alfaraxi, a Moor, afterwards converted, and a
+  counsellor of the Cid, it is said he was "de tan buen entendimento, e era
+  tan <i>ladino</i> que semejava Christiano."&mdash;Ticknor, <i>Hist. Span.
+  Lit.</i>, iii. 347.</p>
+
+  <p>Cervantes (<i>Don Q.</i> Parte I. cap. xli.) uses <i>ladino</i> to
+  mean Spanish:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Servianos de interprete a las mas destas palabras y razones el padre
+  de Zoraida como mas <i>ladino</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Latin, in fact, was so much <i>the</i> language as to become almost
+  synonymous with <i>a</i> language. So a <i>Latiner</i> was an
+  interpreter, as it is very well expressed in Selden's <i>Table Talk</i>,
+  art. "Language":</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Latimer is the corruption of <i>Latiner</i>: it signifies he that
+  interprets Latin; and though he interpreted French, Spanish, or Italian,
+  he was the king's Latiner, that is, the king's interpreter."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This use of the word is well illustrated in the following
+  extracts:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"A Knight ther language lerid in youth;</p>
+      <p>Breg hight that Knight, born Bretoun,</p>
+      <p>That lerid the language of Sessoun.</p>
+      <p>This Breg was the <i>Latimer</i>,</p>
+      <p>What scho said told Vortager."&mdash;Robert de Brunne's <i>Metrical Chronicle.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Par soen demein <i>latinier</i></p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; .</p>
+      <p>Icil Morice iert <i>latinier</i></p>
+      <p>Al rei Dermot, ke mult l'out cher."&mdash;<i>Norman-French Chronicle of Conquest of Ireland</i>, edited by F. Michel (as quoted in Wright's <i>Essays</i>, vol. ii. p. 215.).</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I here conclude, as I must not seek to monopolise space required for
+  more valuable contributions.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tunbridge Wells.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>INEDITED POEMS.</h3>
+
+  <p>I send you two poems which I have found in a little rough scrap-book
+  of a literary character of last century, and which, not having myself met
+  with in print, I trust you will consider worth preserving in your pages.
+  The one styled "A Scotch Poem on the King and the Queen of the Fairies,"
+  has a vein of playful satire running through it, but I do not detect any
+  word which justifies the ascription of its paternity to Scotland. Perhaps
+  some of your readers would oblige me by indicating the source from which
+  this poem has been taken, if it is already in print.</p>
+
+  <p>A SCOTCH POEM ON THE KING AND THE QUEEN OF THE FAIRIES.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Upon a time the Fairy Elves,</p>
+      <p>Being first array'd themselves,</p>
+      <p>Thought it meet to clothe their King</p>
+      <p>In robes most fit for revelling.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>He had a cobweb shirt more thin</p>
+      <p>Than ever spider since could spin,</p>
+      <p>Bleach'd in the whiteness of the snow,</p>
+      <p>When that the northern winds do blow.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+<!-- Page 425 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page425"></a>{425}</span>
+      <p>A rich waistcoat they did him bring,</p>
+      <p>Made of the troutfly's golden wing,</p>
+      <p>Dy'd crimson in a maiden's blush,</p>
+      <p>And lin'd in humming-bees' soft plush.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>His hat was all of lady's love,</p>
+      <p>So passing light, that it would move</p>
+      <p>If any gnat or humming fly</p>
+      <p>But beat the air in passing by.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>About it went a wreath of pearl,</p>
+      <p>Dropt from the eyes of some poor girl,</p>
+      <p>Pinch'd because she had forgot</p>
+      <p>To leave clean water in the pot.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>His breeches and his cassock were</p>
+      <p>Made of the tinsel gossamer;</p>
+      <p>Down by its seam there went a lace</p>
+      <p>Drawn by an urchin snail's slow pace.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>No sooner was their King attir'd</p>
+      <p class="i1">As never prince had been,</p>
+      <p>But, as in duty was requir'd,</p>
+      <p class="i1">They next array their Queen.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Of shining thread shot from the sun</p>
+      <p class="i1">And twisted into line,</p>
+      <p>In the light wheel of fortune spun,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Was made her smock so fine.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Her gown was ev'ry colour fair,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The rainbow gave the dip;</p>
+      <p>Perfumed from an amber air,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Breath'd from a virgin's lip.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Her necklace was of subtle tye</p>
+      <p class="i1">Of glorious atoms, set</p>
+      <p>In the pure black of beauty's eye</p>
+      <p class="i1">As they had been in jet.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>The revels ended, she put off,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Because her Grace was warm;</p>
+      <p>She fann'd her with a lady's scoff,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And so she took no harm.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Mrs. Barbauld wrote the following lines on a scroll within a kind of
+  wreath, which hung over the chimney, the whole parlour being decorated
+  with branches of ivy, which were made to run down the walls and hang down
+  every pannel in festoons, at a country place called Palgrave:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Surly Winter, come not here,</p>
+      <p>Bluster in thy proper sphere;</p>
+      <p>Howl along the naked plain;</p>
+      <p>There exert they joyless reign.</p>
+      <p>Triumph o'er the wither'd flow'r,</p>
+      <p>The leafless shrub, the ruin'd bower;</p>
+      <p>But our cottage come not near,</p>
+      <p>Other Springs inhabit here,</p>
+      <p>Other sunshine decks our board</p>
+      <p>Than they niggard skies afford.</p>
+      <p>Gloomy Winter, hence away,</p>
+      <p>Love and fancy scorn they sway;</p>
+      <p>Love, and joy, and friendly mirth</p>
+      <p>Shall bless this roof, these walls, this hearth,</p>
+      <p>The rigor of the year control,</p>
+      <p>And thaw the winter in the soul.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Will. Honeycombe.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Liverpool.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ROUND TOWERS OF THE CYCLADES.</h3>
+
+  <p>On Friday evening, Nov. 19, 1852, a lecture was delivered before the
+  members of the Literary and Scientific Institute of this island, by Capt.
+  Graves, R.N., from which I have been permitted to take the following
+  extract. The information contained in it, will doubtless be the more
+  interesting to many of the reader of "N. &amp; Q.," when informed that
+  the round towers of Greece are fast disappearing; either from being
+  pulled down for the erection of dwellings, or to be burnt into lime, by
+  the Greeks who dwell in their neighbourhood. What the original dimensions
+  of these towers may have been in ancient times, or for what purposes they
+  were erected, are alike unknown; but their present proportions are as
+  follow, and drawn by the learned lecturer from personal observation:</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr">
+<tr><td colspan="4" align="right">Feet.</td><td>In.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>"A.</td><td colspan="2">Andros, near the port</td><td>Height</td><td align="right">60</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">B.</td><td rowspan="3">Zea overlooking Perses Bay</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">5</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">26</td><td align="right">6</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="2">C.</td><td rowspan="2">Thermia</td><td rowspan="2"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">11</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">28</td><td align="right">5</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="2">D.</td><td rowspan="2">Serpho</td><td rowspan="2"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:5ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">15</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">27</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">E.</td><td rowspan="3">Beach of Port Pharos</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">7</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">31</td><td align="right">8</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">2</td><td align="right">6</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">F.</td><td rowspan="3">Hillock, west side of Pharos</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">16</td><td align="right">6</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">42</td><td align="right">10</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">3</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">G.</td><td rowspan="3">Village of Herampili</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">15</td><td align="right">8</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">38</td><td align="right">3</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">4 to 2</td><td align="right">6</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">H.</td><td rowspan="3">Valley beyond villages</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">11</td><td align="right">10</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">33</td><td align="right">5</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">4</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">J.</td><td rowspan="3">Short distance west of Mount Elias</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">24</td><td align="right">7</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">5</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td rowspan="3">K.</td><td rowspan="3">Between Elias and west coast</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="images/lbrace.png"><img src="images/lbrace.png" class="middle" style="height:7ex" alt="left brace" /></a></td><td>Height</td><td align="right">6</td><td align="right">6</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Diameter</td><td align="right">28</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wall</td><td align="right">4</td><td align="right"> 0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td>L.</td><td colspan="2">Naxos, south-east end of the island</td><td>Height</td><td align="right">50</td><td align="right">0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td valign="top">M.</td><td>Paros, north, port Naussa.<br />
+   Of this tower only a few<br />
+   courses of the stones are<br />
+   left. It is however supposed<br />
+   to have been of the same<br />
+	  dimensions as that of Naxos."</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 426 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page426"></a>{426}</span></p>
+
+<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Songs and Rimes of Shakspeare.</i>&mdash;I find in Mr. J.&nbsp;P.
+  Collier's <i>History of Dramatic Poetry</i> (a work replete with dramatic
+  lore and anecdote) the following note in p. 275., vol. iii.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Mitre and the Mermaid were celebrated taverns, which the poets,
+  wits, and gallants were accustomed to visit. Mr. Thorpe, the enterprising
+  bookseller of Bedford Street, is in possession of a manuscript full of
+  songs and poems, in the handwriting of a person of the name of Richard
+  Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and including many
+  unpublished pieces, by a variety of celebrated poets. One of the most
+  curious is a song in five seven-line stanzas, thus headed: 'Shakespeare's
+  Rime, which he made at the Mytre in Fleete Streete.' It begins: 'From the
+  rich Lavinian shore;' and some few of the lines were published by
+  Playford, and set as a catch. Another shorter piece is called in the
+  margin,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg1">'<span class="sc">Shakespeare's Rime.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Give me a cup of rich Canary wine,</p>
+      <p>Which was the Mitres (drink) and now is mine;</p>
+      <p>Of which had Horace and Anacreon tasted,</p>
+      <p>Their lives as well as lines till now had lasted.'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>"I have little doubt," adds Mr. Collier, "that the lines are genuine,
+  as well as many other songs and poems attributed to Ben Jonson, Sir W.
+  Raleigh, H. Constable, Dr. Donne, J. Sylvester, and others."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Who was the purchaser of this precious MS.? In this age of
+  Shakspearian research, when every newly discovered relic is hailed with
+  intense delight, may I inquire of some of your numerous readers, who seem
+  to take as much delight as myself in whatever concerns our great
+  dramatist and his writings, whether they can throw any light upon the
+  subject?</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Again: "A peculiar interest," Mr. Collier says, "attaches to one of
+  the pieces in John Dowland's <i>First Book of Songs</i> (p. 57.), on
+  account of the initials of 'W.&nbsp;S.' being appended to it, in a manuscript
+  of the time preserved in the Hamburgh City Library. It is inserted in
+  <i>England's Helicon</i>, 4to., 1600, as from Dowland's <i>Book of
+  Tablature</i>, without any name or initials; and looking at the character
+  and language of the piece, it is at least not impossible that it was the
+  work of our great dramatist, to whom it has been assigned by some
+  continental critics. A copy of it was, many years ago, sent to the author
+  by a German scholar of high reputation, under the conviction that the
+  poem ought to be included in any future edition of the works of
+  Shakspeare. It will be admitted that the lines are not unworthy of his
+  pen; and, from the quality of other productions in the same musical work,
+  we may perhaps speculate whether Shakspeare were not the writer of some
+  other poems there inserted. If we were to take it for granted, that a
+  sonnet in <i>The Passionate Pilgrim</i>, 1599, was by Shakspeare, because
+  it is there attributed to him, we might be sure that he was a warm
+  admirer of Dowland,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg1">'whose heavenly touch</p>
+      <p>Upon the lute doth ravish human sense.'</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>However, it is more than likely, that the sonnet in which this passage
+  is found was by Barnfield, and not by Shakspeare: it was printed by
+  Barnfield in 1598, and reprinted by him in 1605, notwithstanding the
+  intermediate appearance of it in <i>The Passionate Pilgrim</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>May I inquire if any new light has been thrown upon this disputed song
+  since the publication of Mr. Collier's <i>Lyric Poems</i> in 1844?</p>
+
+  <p>The song is addressed to Cynthia, and, as Mr. Collier says, is not
+  unworthy of Shakspeare's muse. As it is not of any great length, perhaps
+  it may be thought worthy of insertion in "N. &amp; Q."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"<span class="sc">To Cynthia.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"My thoughts are wing'd with hopes, my hopes with love;</p>
+      <p class="i1">Mount, love, unto the moone in cleerest night,</p>
+      <p>And say, as she doth in the heavens move,</p>
+      <p class="i1">In earth so wanes and waxes my delight:</p>
+      <p>And whisper this, but softly, in her eares,</p>
+      <p>Hope oft doth hang the head, and trust shed teares.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And you, my thoughts, that some mistrust do cary,</p>
+      <p class="i1">If for mistrust my mistresse do you blame,</p>
+      <p>Say, though you alter, yet you do not vary,</p>
+      <p class="i1">As she doth change, and yet remaine the same.</p>
+      <p>Distrust doth enter hearts, but not infect,</p>
+      <p>And love is sweetest season'd with suspect.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"If she for this with cloudes do maske her eyes,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And make the heavens darke with her disdaine,</p>
+      <p>With windie sighes disperse them in the skies,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Or with the teares dissolve them into rain.</p>
+      <p>Thoughts, hopes, and love return to me no more,</p>
+      <p>Till Cynthia shine as she hath done before."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">J. M. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Worcester.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "All's Well that
+  Ends Well."</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"O you leaden messengers,</p>
+      <p>That ride upon the violent speed of fire,</p>
+      <p>Fly with false aim; move the still-peering air,</p>
+      <p>That sings with piercing, do not touch my lord!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Such is the text of the first folio. <span class="sc">Mr. Payne
+  Collier</span>, at p. 162. of his <i>Notes and Emendations</i>, informs
+  us that the old corrector of his folio of 1632 reads <i>volant</i> for
+  "violent," <i>wound</i> for "move," and <i>still-piecing</i> for
+  "still-peering."</p>
+
+  <p>Two of these substitutions are easily shown to be correct. In the
+  <i>Tempest</i>, Act III. Sc. 3., we read:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i10hg3">"The elements,</p>
+      <p>Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well</p>
+      <p><i>Wound the loud winds, or with bemockt-at stabs</i></p>
+      <p><i>Kill the still-closing waters</i>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>What is <i>still-closing</i> but <i>still-piecing</i>, the silent
+  reunion after severance? What is to <i>wound the loud winds</i> but to
+  <i>wound the air that sings with piercing</i>?</p>
+
+  <p>But as to the third substitution, I beg permission through your pages
+  to enter a <i>caveat</i>. If <!-- Page 427 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page427"></a>{427}</span>we had no proof from the text of
+  Shakspeare that <i>violent</i> is the correct reading, I fancy that any
+  reader's common sense would tell him that it is more an appropriate and
+  trenchant term than <i>volant</i>. "What judgment would <i>stoop</i> from
+  this to this?" <i>Volant</i>, moreover, is not English, but French, and
+  as such is used in <i>Henry V.</i>; but happily, in this case, we have
+  most abundant evidence from the text of Shakspeare that he wrote
+  <i>violent</i> in the above passage. In <i>Henry VIII.</i>, Act I. Sc.
+  1., we have the passage,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"We may outrun,</p>
+      <p>By <i>violent swiftness</i>, that which we run at,</p>
+      <p>And lose by over-running."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>In <i>Othello</i>, Act III. Sc. 3., we have the passage,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Even so my bloody thoughts, with <i>violent pace</i>,</p>
+      <p>Shall ne'er look back."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>These passages prove that <i>violent</i> is a true Shakspearian
+  epithet for <i>velocity</i>. But how exquisitely appropriate is the
+  epithet when applied to the velocity of a ball issuing from the mouth of
+  a cannon: and here we have full confirmation from <i>Romeo and
+  Juliet</i>, Act V. Sc. 1., where we read:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"As <i>violently</i> as hasty powder fir'd</p>
+      <p>Doth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>I trust that <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> will not, in the
+  teeth of such evidence, substitute <i>volant</i> for <i>violent</i> in
+  correcting the text of his forthcoming edition.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>GENERAL MONK AND THE UNIVERSITY OF
+CAMBRIDGE.</h3>
+
+  <p>A document has recently come into my possession which may perhaps be
+  deemed worth preserving in the pages of "N. &amp; Q." It is a letter from
+  the University of Cambridge to General Monk, and, from the various
+  corrections which occur in it, it has every appearance of being the
+  original draft. Unfortunately it is not dated; but there can, I presume,
+  be little doubt of its having been written shortly before the assembling
+  of the parliament in April, 1660, which led to the Restoration, and in
+  which Monk sat as member for the county of Devon. The words erased in the
+  original are here placed between parentheses, and those substituted are
+  given in Italics:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b2n">
+
+  <p>My Lord,</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>As it hath pleased God to make your Excell<sup>cie</sup> eminently
+  instrumental for the raising up of three gasping and dying nations, into
+  the faire hopes and prospect of peace and settlement, so hath He engraven
+  you (r name) in characters of gratitude upon the hearts of all (true)
+  <i>to</i> who<i>m</i> (cordially wish) the welfare of <i>this</i> church
+  and state (are) <i>is</i> deare and pretious. (Out) From this principle
+  it is that our University of Cambridge hath, with great alacrity and
+  unanimity, made choyse of your Excellency with whom to deposite the(ire)
+  managing of theire concernments in the succeeding Parl<sup>t</sup>,
+  w<sup>ch</sup>, if your Excell<sup>cy</sup> shall please to admitt into a
+  favourable (interpretation) <i>acceptance</i>, (you will thereby) you
+  will thereby (add) <i>put</i> a further obligation of gratitude upon us
+  all; w<sup>ch</sup> none shalbe more ready to expresse than he who is</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Your Excell<sup>cies</sup> most humble serv<sup>t</sup>,</p>
+      <p class="i6">W. D.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>[Endorsed]<br /> To the L<sup>d</sup> General
+  Monk.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Who was "W. D."? Was he the then Vice-Chancellor?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Leicestriensis.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Curiosities of Railway Literature.</i>&mdash;Has "Bradshaw" had any
+  reviewers? If not, an example or two from this neighbourhood, of the
+  absurdities which reappear month after month in the time-tables, may show
+  the necessity of them. A Midland train proposes to leave Gloucester at
+  12.40 p.m., and reach Cheltenham at 1 p.m. The Great Western Company
+  advertise an express train, on the <i>very same line</i>, to leave two
+  minutes <i>later</i> and arrive five minutes <i>earlier</i>. It is
+  therefore obvious, that if these trains were to keep their proper time,
+  the express must run into the slow coach in front. The Great Western
+  Railway Company have also, in a very unassuming manner, been advertising
+  a feat hitherto unparalleled in the annals of railway speed,&mdash;the
+  mail from Cheltenham at 8.20 a.m. to leave Gloucester at 8.27; that is to
+  say, seven miles, including starting, slackening speed at two or three
+  "crossings," stopping, starting again, all in seven minutes! Let the
+  narrow gauge beat this if it can.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Gloucester.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Cromwell's Seal.</i>&mdash;I am in possession of a fine seal; it is
+  a beautiful engraving of the head of Oliver Cromwell, and was once his
+  property: he presented it to a favourite officer, whose nephew, to whom
+  it was bequeathed, gave it to the father of the lady from whom I received
+  it a few years ago. Thus I am in the singular position of being the
+  <i>fifth</i> holder of it from the Protector.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rhymes upon Places.</i>&mdash;Buckinghamshire:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Brill upon the Hill,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Oakley in the Hole,</p>
+      <p>Shabby little Ickford,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Dirty Worminghall."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">H. T.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ingatestow.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Tom Track's Ghost.</i>&mdash;The following piece of metrical
+  romance has dwelt in my memory as long <!-- Page 428 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page428"></a>{428}</span>as I have been able to
+  remember. I have never seen it in print, nor heard it, at least for some
+  years, from any one else; and have not been able to discover who wrote
+  it:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Tom Track he came from Buenos Ayres;</p>
+      <p>And now, thought I, for him who cares:</p>
+      <p>But soon his coming wrought me woe;</p>
+      <p>He misled Poll,&mdash;as you shall know.</p>
+      <p>All in the togs that I had bought,</p>
+      <p>With that ere Tom she did consort,</p>
+      <p>Which gave my feelings great concern,</p>
+      <p>And caused a row,&mdash;as you shall learn.</p>
+      <p>So then challenge Tom I did;</p>
+      <p>We met, shook hands, and took a quid;</p>
+      <p>I shot poor Tom.&mdash;The worse for me;</p>
+      <p>It brought his ghost,&mdash;as you shall see.</p>
+      <p>Says he, 'I'm Tom Track's ghost, that's flat.'</p>
+      <p>Says I, 'Now only think on that.'</p>
+      <p>Says he, 'I'm come to torment you now;'</p>
+      <p>Which was hard lines,&mdash;as you'll allow.</p>
+      <p class="hg1">'So, Master Ghost, belay your jaw;</p>
+      <p>For if on me you claps a claw,</p>
+      <p>My locker yonder will reveal,</p>
+      <p>A tight rope's end, which you shall feel.'</p>
+      <p>Then off his winding-sheet he throwed,</p>
+      <p>And by his trousers Tom I knowed;</p>
+      <p>He wasn't dead; but come to mess,</p>
+      <p>So here's an end,&mdash;as you may guess."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The <i>implicatio</i>, the <i>agnitio</i>, and the <i>peripetia</i>
+  are so well worked out, that Aristotle would, I think, be compelled to
+  admit it as an almost perfect specimen of that most ancient kind of drama
+  which was recited by one actor. I refer especially to <span
+  class="scac">C. XXII.</span> of the <i>Poetics</i>, which says, that that
+  <i>agnitio</i> is most beautiful which is joined with the
+  <i>peripetia</i>, of which here we have so striking an example. These
+  reasons embolden me to ask if it be worth preserving in "N. &amp; Q," and
+  who was the author?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>JACOB BOBART AND HIS DRAGON, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>Dr. Zachary Grey, in his edition of <i>Hudibras</i>, vol. i. p. 125.,
+  relates the following anecdote:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botany Professor of Oxford, did, about forty years
+  ago (in 1704), find a dead rat in the Physic Garden, which he made to
+  resemble the common picture of dragons, by altering its head and tail,
+  and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, which distended the skin on each
+  side till it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The
+  learned immediately pronounced it a dragon, and one of them sent an
+  accurate description of it to Dr. Maliabechi, Librarian to the Grand Duke
+  of Tuscany: <i>several fine copies of verses</i> were wrote upon so rare
+  a subject, but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat: however, it was looked
+  upon as a masterpiece of art, and as such deposited in the anatomy
+  schools (at Oxford), where I saw it some years after."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can any of the readers of "N. &amp; Q." inform me where I can procure
+  the <i>several</i> fine copies of verses, or where they are to be seen,
+  and any other particulars relating to Jacob Bobart?</p>
+
+  <p>Where can I procure copies of the following, mentioned in Wood's
+  <i>Athenæ Oxon.</i>, vol. iii. p. 757.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Poem upon Mr. Jacob Bobards Yew-man of the Guards to the Physic
+  Garden, to the tune of the 'Counter-Scuffle.' Oxon. 1662."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>On one side of a sheet of paper.</p>
+
+  <p>Also:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A Ballad on the Gyants in the Physic Garden in Oxon, who have been
+  breeding Feet as long as Garagantua was Teeth."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>On one side of a sheet of paper.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Bobart.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BISHOP BERKELEY'S PORTRAIT.</h3>
+
+  <p>The following letter may perhaps have some interest in itself; but I
+  send it for insertion in the pages of "N. &amp; Q." in the hope of
+  obtaining some information about the pictures which it mentions. It is
+  addressed on the back, "The Reverend the Provost and Fellows, Dublin
+  College;" and in the corner, "Pr. Favour of The Right Hon. Lord Viscount
+  Molesworth;" and does not appear to have ever passed through the
+  post.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b2n">
+
+  <p>Reverend Sir, and Gentlemen,</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>My late dear Husband, the Rev. Dr. Berkeley, Prebendary of Canterbury,
+  son of the late Lord Bishop of Cloyne, having most generously appointed
+  me sole executrix of his will, and having bequeathed to me all his fine
+  collection of pictures, &amp;c., I trouble you with this to beg to know
+  whether a very remarkably fine, universally admired portrait of Bishop
+  Berkeley, in his lawn sleeves, &amp;c., painted by that famous artist
+  Vanderbank, which, together with its frame (now much broken by frequent
+  removals), cost five hundred pounds: the back-ground, the frontispiece to
+  his Lordship's <i>Minute Philosopher</i>, and the broken cisterns from
+  the Prophet Jeremiah: "They have hewn them out broken cisterns." The late
+  Archbishop of Canterbury was perpetually entreating Dr. Berkeley to
+  present it to the Gallery of Lambeth Palace, where there is already a
+  very good portrait of Bishop B.&mdash;But <i>justice</i> to my dear
+  excellent son, then living, as Dr. B. told his Grace, precluded a
+  <i>possibility</i> of his complying with his request.</p>
+
+  <p>If this picture will be an acceptable present to the Rev. the Provost,
+  and the Gentlemen Fellows of the University of Dublin, it is now offered
+  for their acceptance, as a most grateful acknowledgment for the <i>very
+  high</i> honour<a name="footnotetag1"
+  href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, they were pleased <!-- Page 429
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page429"></a>{429}</span>so graciously
+  to confer on his Lordship's only descendant, the late learned
+  accomplished George Monk Berkeley, Esq. (Gentleman Commoner of Magdalene
+  Hall, in the University of Oxon., and student of the Inner Temple,
+  London), from his very sincerely grateful mother.</p>
+
+  <p>Some time after the death of his son, Dr. Berkeley told me that at my
+  death he wished the wonderfully fine portrait of his father to be
+  presented to some place of <i>consequence</i>. I immediately replied,
+  "<i>To Dublin College</i>." He said, "They have one already; perhaps it
+  would be well to leave it as an heir-loom to the Episcopal Palace at
+  Cloyne." I said perhaps the gentlemen of Dublin College would prefer
+  this, esteemed one of the very finest pieces of painting in Europe. The
+  face certainly looks more like a fine cast in wax, than a painting on
+  canvas, as numbers of the best judges have always exclaimed on seeing
+  it.</p>
+
+  <p>I request Dr. Berkeley's noble relation, the excellent Lord
+  Molesworth, now on a visit in Ireland, to deliver this, and to learn from
+  the Provost and Gentlemen of the University of Dublin, whether it would
+  be agreeable to them to receive this, and transfer the one they at
+  present have to Dr. Berkeley's highly respected friend, the
+  <i>present</i> Bishop of Cloyne, for the Palace. Lord Molesworth will
+  have the goodness to receive and transmit the answer of the Provost and
+  Gentlemen to her who has the honour to subscribe herself, with the most
+  perfect respect, their</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Very sincerely grateful and</p>
+      <p class="i2">(Thro' her unspeakably dear excellent Son)</p>
+      <p class="i4"><i>Most highly</i> obliged,</p>
+      <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Eliza Berkeley</span>.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Chertsey, Surrey, England.</p>
+      <p>The 18th of Feb., 1797.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I cannot find any evidence to prove that this letter was ever so much
+  as received by the University. It came into my possession amongst the
+  papers of a private friend, a late distinguished ornament of the
+  University, whose death has been an irreparable loss to the public, to
+  the Church of England, and to a large circle of friends. No notice of
+  such a letter, or of so liberal a donation, is to be found in the
+  Register of the University, nor is there such a picture in our
+  possession. I have made inquiry also, and find that it is not at Cloyne.
+  The conclusion therefore is, either that Mrs. Berkeley changed her mind,
+  or that from some accident the letter never was presented: at all events,
+  it is certain that the picture of Bishop Berkeley, to which it relates,
+  was never in the possession of the University for whose halls it was
+  intended.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any one tell me where it now is; and what was the fate of "the
+  fine collection of pictures" which was the property of Dr. Berkeley of
+  Canterbury, and bequeathed by him to his widow, the writer of the above
+  letter?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Todd.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>This alludes to the honourable degree of LL.B. conferred upon George
+  M. Berkeley by the University of Dublin, Nov. 8, 1788.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Life.</i>&mdash;Is it not the general feeling that man, in
+  advancing years, would not like to begin his life again? I have noted
+  that Edgeworth, Franklin, and Sismondi express the contrary.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. C.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>The Boy of Heaven.</i>"&mdash;I have a poem entitled <i>The Boy of
+  Heaven</i>, copied some years ago from a manuscript. Can any of your
+  readers inform me who is the author, whether it has ever appeared in
+  print, or give me any other information respecting it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bells.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers inform me why the bells of
+  the Convent of Santa Theresa, at Madrid, alone have the privilege of
+  tolling on Good Friday, in that city? In all Roman Catholic countries the
+  bells on that day are forbidden to be rung; and there is no exception
+  made, even in Rome.</p>
+
+  <p>As much has been said about the <i>baptizing</i> of bells, as if it
+  were a custom nearly or entirely obsolete, I beg to say that I was
+  present at the baptizing of a bell in the south-west of France not very
+  long ago; and have no doubt that the great bell at Bordeaux, which is to
+  have the emperor and empress as its sponsors, will undergo the full
+  ceremony.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Captain Ayloff.</i>&mdash;Where can I find any notices of Captain
+  Ayloff, one of the coadjutors of Tom Brown in the eccentric <i>Letters
+  from the Dead to the Living</i>?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Robert Johnson.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some of your correspondents could
+  give me some information relative to the pedigree of Robert Johnson,
+  Esq., who was a baron of the Exchequer in Ireland in 1704; his parentage
+  and descent; his wife's name and family; his armorial bearings; and date
+  of his birth and death.</p>
+
+  <p>Was he the Robert Johnson who entered Trinity College, Dublin, in
+  1671, as a Fellow Commoner at the age of fourteen? If so, his birthplace
+  was London, and his father's name was also Robert.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. P. L.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Co. Westmeath.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Selling a Wife.</i>&mdash;What is the origin of the popular idea,
+  that a man may legally dispose of his spouse by <i>haltering</i> her, and
+  exposing her for sale in a public market? Some time ago the custom
+  appears to have been very prevalent; and only a few months back there was
+  a paragraph in <i>The Times</i>, describing an occurrence of the kind at
+  Nottingham.</p>
+
+  <p>French romancers and dramatists have seized upon it as a leading trait
+  of English society; and in their remarkably-faithful delineations of
+  English life it is not unusual to find the blue-beard milord Anglais
+  carting milady to Smithfield, and <!-- Page 430 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page430"></a>{430}</span>enlarging upon her
+  points in the cheap-jack style to the admiring drovers.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Jock of Arden.</i>&mdash;This worthy of the Robin Hood class of
+  heroes, is understood to figure very prominently in the legendary history
+  of Warwickshire. Where can any references to his real or supposed history
+  be found, and what are the legends of which he is the hero?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. Q.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Inigo Jones.</i>&mdash;Where can a full list of mansions and other
+  important buildings, erected from designs after that great master
+  architect Inigo Jones, be found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Correspondent.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Dean Boyle.</i>&mdash;Wanted, the pedigree of Richard Boyle, Dean
+  of Limerick, and Bishop of Leighlin in 1661. He had a brother Roger, also
+  in the church. Was he a grandson of John Boyle of Hereford, eldest
+  brother of Roger, father of Richard, first Earl of Cork? This John
+  married Alice, daughter of Alex. Hayworth, of Burdun Hall,
+  Herefordshire.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Euphormio</i> (Vol. i., p. 27.).&mdash;Mention is made of
+  <i>Censura Euphormionis</i> and other tracts, called forth by Barclay's
+  works: where can some account of these be found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Optical Query.</i>&mdash;Last summer the following illusion was
+  pointed out to me at Sandwich, Kent. The ingenious horizontal machine to
+  enable the treadmill to grind the wind, in default of more substantial
+  matter, although certainly revolving only in one direction, say from
+  right to left, at intervals appeared to change its direction and turn
+  from left to right. This change appeared to several persons to take place
+  at the same time, and did not seem to be owing to any shifting of the
+  perpendicular shutters for regulating the resistance of the air. The
+  point from which I viewed it was near the south door of St. Clement's
+  Church. Have any of the readers of "N. &amp; Q." noticed a similar
+  illusion, and can they explain it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Gloucester.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Archbishop King.</i>&mdash;The well-known William King, Archbishop
+  of Dublin, was interred in the graveyard of the parish of St. Mary,
+  Donnybrook, near Dublin, as appears from the following entry in the
+  Register of Burials: "Buried, Archbishop King, May 10th, 1729." There is
+  no stone to mark his grave. I would be glad to know whether there is any
+  monument elsewhere,</p>
+
+  <p>I would likewise be glad to know whether there is any good engraving
+  of the archbishop in existence. I have lately procured a copy of a small
+  and rather curious one, engraved by "Kane o' Hara," and "published, Sept.
+  20th, 1803, by William Richardson, York House, 31. Strand;" and I am
+  informed by a friend that a portrait (of what size I am not aware) was
+  sold by auction in London, 15th February, 1800, for the sum of 3<i>l.</i>
+  6<i>s.</i> It was described at that time as "very rare."</p>
+
+  <p>Donnybrook graveyard, I may add, is rich in buried ecclesiastics,
+  containing the remains of Dr. Robert Clayton, Bishop of Clogher (a man of
+  note in his day), and other dignitaries of our church.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Neal's Manuscripts.</i>&mdash;In Neal's <i>History of the
+  Puritans</i>, he frequently refers at bottom of the page to a manuscript
+  in his possession thus (MS. penes me, p. 88.): will any of your readers
+  inform me where this MS. is preserved, and whether I can have access to
+  it? It was evidently a voluminous compilation, as it extended to many
+  hundred pages.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. F.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Whence the Word "Cossack?"</i>&mdash;Alison says, on the authority
+  of <i>Koramsin</i> (vi. 476.), "The word Cossack means a volunteer or
+  free partisan," &amp;c. (Vide <i>History of Europe</i>, vol. ix. p. 31.)
+  I have found the word "Kasak" in the Gulistan of Saadi, which there means
+  a robber of the kind called <i>rahzán</i>. From the word being spelt in
+  the Gulistan with a <span lang="ar" title="q" ><bdo
+  dir="rtl">&#x642;</bdo></span>, it appears to me to be an Arabic word.
+  Can any reader enlighten</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Muhammed</span>?</p>
+
+  <p class="address">A. N. Club</p>
+
+  <p><i>Picts' Houses and Argils.</i>&mdash;The Cimmerians, a people
+  mentioned by Herodotus, who occupied principally the peninsula of the
+  Crimea, are distinguished by Prichard from the Cimbri or Kimbri, but
+  supposed by M. Amédée Thierry to be a branch of the same race, and
+  Celtic. Many of their customs are said to present a striking conformity
+  with those of the Cimbri of the Baltic and of the Gauls. Those who
+  inhabited the hills in the Crimea bore the name of Taures or Tauri, a
+  word, Thierry says, signifying mountaineers in both the Kimbric and
+  Gaulish idioms. The tribe of the plains, according to Ephorus, a Greek
+  writer cotemporary with Aristotle, mentioned in Strabo, lib. v., dug
+  subterraneous habitations, which they called <i>argil</i> or
+  <i>argel</i>, a pure Kimbric word, which signifies a covered or deep
+  place:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p><span title="'Ephoros phêsin autous en katageiois oikiais oikein has kalousin argillas.'" class="grk"
+  >"&#x1F1C;&phi;&omicron;&rho;&#x1F79;&sigmaf; &phi;&eta;&sigma;&iota;&nu;
+  &alpha;&#x1F50;&tau;&omicron;&#x1F7A;&sigmaf; &#x1F10;&nu;
+  &kappa;&alpha;&tau;&alpha;&gamma;&epsilon;&#x1F77;&omicron;&iota;&sigmaf;
+  &omicron;&#x1F30;&kappa;&#x1F77;&alpha;&iota;&sigmaf;
+  &omicron;&#x1F30;&kappa;&epsilon;&iota;&nu; &#x1F01;&sigmaf;
+  &kappa;&alpha;&lambda;&omicron;&#x1FE6;&sigma;&iota;&nu;
+  &#x1F00;&rho;&gamma;&#x1F77;&lambda;&lambda;&alpha;&sigmaf;."</span></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Having seen several of the rude and miserable buildings underground in
+  the Orkneys, called Picts' houses, I should like to know something of
+  these <i>argils</i> or <i>argillæ</i>, but suppose them to be calculated
+  for the requirements of a more advanced state of society than that of the
+  dwellers in Picts' houses. Perhaps some of your correspondents could give
+  information on this matter. <!-- Page 431 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page431"></a>{431}</span>For the above, vide Introduction to Amédée
+  Thierry's <i>Histoire des Gaulois, &amp;c.</i>, 1828, p. 57.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. H. F.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Drummer's Letter.</i>&mdash;The letter from the drummer to the
+  corporal's wife in <i>The Sentimental Journey</i> (it is hardly possible
+  to give a precise reference to any part of this little work) ends
+  thus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Je suis, Madame,</p>
+
+  <p>"Avec toutes les sentimens les plus respectueux et les plus tendres,
+  tout à vous,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<span class="sc">Jaques Rocque</span>."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Why is the first of the adjectives agreeing with <i>les sentimens</i>
+  in the wrong gender? The blot may be a trifling one, but I think I may
+  say that it defaces every copy of this well-known billet-doux. I have
+  seen many editions of <i>The Sentimental Journey</i>, some by the best
+  publishers of the time in which they lived, and I find the same mistake
+  in all: I do not know of a single exception. If Sterne wrote
+  <i>toutes</i>, it must have been by accident; there is nothing to prove
+  that he wished to make the poor drummer commit the solecism, for the rest
+  of his letter is not only correctly, but even elegantly written.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Cardinal Spider.</i>&mdash;I have read somewhere an account of
+  a singular species of spider, which is of unusually large size, and is
+  said to be found only in Hampton Court Palace.</p>
+
+  <p>It is supposed by superstitious persons that the spirits of Cardinal
+  Wolsey and his retinue still haunt the palace in the shape of spiders;
+  hence the name "Cardinal."</p>
+
+  <p>Can any of your correspondents inform me where such an account is to
+  be met with, as I have forgotten the name of the book in which I have
+  seen it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. T.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Norwich.</p>
+
+  <p><i>New England Genealogical Society, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents inform me where I can address a letter to, for Dr. Jenks,
+  Secretary to the New England Genealogical Society? And where can I see a
+  copy of Farmer's <i>New England Genealogical Register</i>, 1829, and
+  <i>The New England Genealogical Register and Magazine for 1847</i>,
+  mentioned by your correspondent <span class="sc">T. Westcott</span>, "N.
+  &amp; Q.," Vol. vi., p. 495.?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. K.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. John Hartcliffe, Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel
+  Kettilby.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents tell me whether John
+  Hartcliffe, D.D., Fellow of King's, Cambridge, and Head-master of
+  Merchant Taylors' from 1681 to 1686, is <i>the Dr. Hartcliffe</i> whom
+  James II. wishes to instal illegally in the Provostship of King's, as he
+  attempted to impose a President on Magdalen, Oxon?</p>
+
+  <p>I should be glad also to know whether there is any continuation of
+  Ward's <i>Lives of the Gresham Professors</i>, reaching to the present
+  time; and, in particular, the dates of the appointments or deaths of
+  William Cokayne, D.D., Professor of Astronomy, and William Roman, B.C.L.,
+  Professor of Geometry?</p>
+
+  <p>Likewise, of what faculty was Samuel Kettilby, D.D., Professor; and
+  when did he die?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Hessey.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Merchant Taylors'.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[It was Dr. John Hartcliffe, of Merchant Taylors', that wished to
+  become Provost of King's College: but the mandate was obtained from King
+  William, not from James II. Hartcliffe's <i>Discourse against
+  Purgatory</i>, 1685, which Anthony à Wood thinks was publicly burnt in
+  France, was not likely to recommend him to the favour of the latter king.
+  The affair of the Provostship is thus stated by Cole (<i>Hist. of King's
+  College</i>, vol. iv. Addit. MSS. 5817.)&mdash;"On the death of Dr.
+  Copleston, Hartcliffe made a great stir, in order to become Provost, and
+  actually obtained a mandate of King William to the society to choose him;
+  but he was far from being agreeable to the Fellows of the college, who,
+  when they heard he was in town, and upon what errand he came, directly
+  shut up the college gates, and proceeded to an election, when Dr.
+  Roderick was chosen, with the odds of ten votes to one. This being
+  transacted in the infancy of King William's reign, he chose not to stir
+  much in it; but after having shown the Fellows, by the very petition they
+  made to him, which was presented by Mr. Newborough and Mr. Fleetwood,
+  that he had a right to present, he dismissed them." A biographical notice
+  of Dr. Hartcliffe is given in Nichols's <i>Literary Anecdotes</i>, vol.
+  i. pp. 63, 64., and in Wood's <i>Athenæ</i> (Bliss), vol. iv. p. 790.</p>
+
+  <p>No one appears to have continued Ward's <i>Lives of the Gresham
+  Professors</i>. Maitland, in his <i>History of London</i>, has brought
+  the history of the institution down to 1755. Dr. Ward himself had
+  prepared a new edition, containing considerable additions, which was
+  presented to the British Museum by his residuary legatee. Among the
+  Additional MSS. also will be found a large mass of papers and
+  correspondence relating to the <i>Lives</i>. From one document, entitled
+  "Minutes relating to the Lives of the Professors of Gresham College,
+  being Additions to the printed Work," we extract the following notice of
+  "William Cokayne, who was the son of George Cokayne, of Dovebridge in
+  Devonshire, clerk. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, in
+  London, and from thence elected probationer Fellow of St. John's College,
+  where he was matriculated 9th July, 1736. He commenced A.M. 9th July,
+  1744; made Junior Proctor 1750; and B.D. 4th July, 1751." The date of his
+  appointment as Astronomy Professor is not given; but his resignation, in
+  1795, will be found in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lxv. p. 711.
+  He appears to have died in 1798 (see <i>Ib.</i>, vol. lxviii. p. 641.),
+  when the Rev. Joseph Monkhouse succeeded him as Rector of Kilkhampton,
+  co. Cornwall.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 432 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page432"></a>{432}</span></p>
+
+  <p>The MS. "Minutes" also contain a notice of William Roman, the
+  thirteenth Geometry Professor, "who was educated at Merchant Taylors'
+  School, London, and from thence elected to St. John's College, Oxford, in
+  1740, being matriculated as the son of Richard Roman, of London, Gent.,
+  ætat. 17. He commenced B.C.L., May 5th, 1747; Deacon at Christ Church,
+  21st Sept., 1746; Priest at Christ Church, 20th Sept., 1747." No date of
+  his appointment, but he was Professor in 1755, when Maitland wrote his
+  account of the college. Dr. Samuel Kettilby succeeded the Rev. Samuel
+  Birch as Geometry Lecturer, and died June 25, 1808.&mdash;See
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lxxviii. p. 657.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p>"<i>Haulf Naked.</i>"&mdash;In poring over an old deed the other
+  night, I stumbled upon the above name, which I take to be that of a manor
+  in the county of Sussex. Is it so? and, if so, by what name is the
+  property now known?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charles Reed.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[In Dallaway's <i>Western Sussex</i>, art. <span
+  class="sc">Washington</span>, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 133., is the following
+  entry:&mdash;"In 1310, Henry Balduyne sold to Walter de Halfenaked one
+  messuage, two acres of arable, and two acres of meadow, in Washington and
+  Sullington. Ped. fin. 3 Edw. II."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE LEGEND OF LAMECH&mdash;HEBREW ETYMOLOGY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 363.)</p>
+
+  <p>Etymologists are a race who frequently need to be drawn up with a
+  somewhat tight rein. Our Celtic fellow-subjects will not, perhaps, be
+  much gratified by <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span>'s tracing the
+  first indications of their paternal tongue to the family of Cain; and as
+  every branch of that family was destroyed by the deluge, they may marvel
+  what account he can give of its reconstruction amongst their forefathers.
+  But as his manner of expressing himself may lead some of your readers to
+  imagine that he is explaining Cain, Lamech, Adah, Zillah, from
+  acknowledged Hebrew meanings of any parts of those words, it may be as
+  well to warn them that the Hebrew gives no support to any one of his
+  interpretations. If fancy be ductile enough to agree with him in seeing a
+  representation of a human arm holding a sling with a stone in it in the
+  Hebrew letter called <i>lamed</i>, there would still be a broad hiatus
+  between such a concession, and the conclusion he seems to wish the reader
+  to draw from it, viz. that the word <i>lamed</i> must have something to
+  do with slinging, and that consequently <i>lamed</i> must be a slinger.
+  The Hebrew scholar knows that <i>lamed</i> indisputably signifies to
+  <i>teach</i>; and though perhaps he may not feel sure that the Hebrew
+  consonant <i>l</i> obtained its name from any connexion with that primary
+  meaning of the root <i>lamed</i>, he will not think it improbable that as
+  the letter <i>l</i>, when prefixed to a noun or verb, <i>teaches</i> the
+  reader the construction of the sentence, that may have been the reason
+  for its being so named.</p>
+
+  <p>As to a legend not traceable to within some thousand years of the
+  facts with which it claims to be connected, those may take an interest in
+  it who like so to do. But as far as we may regard Lamech's address to his
+  wives in the light of a philological curiosity, it is interesting to
+  observe how naturally the language of passion runs into poetry; and that
+  this, the most ancient poetry in existence, is in strict unison with the
+  peculiar character of subsequent Hebrew poetry; that peculiarity
+  consisting of the repetition of clauses, containing either the same
+  proposition in a slightly different form, or its antithesis; a rhyme of
+  thoughts, if we may so say, instead of a rhyme of sounds, and
+  consequently capable of being preserved by a literal translation.</p>
+
+  <p>And Lamech said unto his wives,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Adah and Zillah, hear my voice;</p>
+      <p>Ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech,</p>
+      <p>For I have slain a man to my wounding,</p>
+      <p>And a young man, to my hurt.</p>
+      <p>If Cain shall be avenged seventy-fold,</p>
+      <p>Truly Lamech, seventy and seven-fold."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The construction is more favourable to the belief that the <i>man</i>
+  of line third is the same as the <i>young man</i> of the parallel clause,
+  than that he had slain two; the word rendered <i>hurt</i> is properly a
+  <i>wheal</i>, the effect of a severe strife or wound.</p>
+
+  <p>As to the etymologies of the names mentioned by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Crossley</span>, we gather from God's words that she called her first son
+  Cain, an acquisition (the Latin <i>peculium</i> expresses it more exactly
+  than any English word), because she had gotten (literally
+  <i>acquired</i>, or obtained possession of) a man. As for Lamech, or more
+  properly L&#x115;m&#x115;ch, its etymology must be confessed to be
+  uncertain; but there is a curious and interesting explanation of the
+  whole series of names of the patriarchs, Noah's forefathers, in which the
+  name of the other Lemech, son of Methusaleh, is regarded as made up of
+  <i>L&#x115;</i>, the prefixed preposition, and of <i>mech</i>, taken for
+  the participle Hophal of the verb to smite or bruise. Adah, <span
+  lang="he" class="heb" title="'DH" ><bdo
+  dir="rtl">&#x5D0;&#x5D3;&#x5D4;</bdo></span>, is <i>ornament</i>; Zillah,
+  <span lang="he" class="heb" title="TSLH" ><bdo
+  dir="rtl">&#x5E6;&#x5DC;&#x5D4;</bdo></span> may mean the <i>shade</i>
+  under which a person reposes; or if the doubling of the <i>l</i> is an
+  indication that its root is <span lang="he" class="heb" title="TSLL"
+  ><bdo dir="rtl">&#x5E6;&#x5DC;&#x5DC;</bdo></span>, it may mean a
+  dancer.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Walter.</span></p>
+
+  <p>Allow me, in reference to <span class="sc">Mr. Crossley</span>'s
+  remarks, to say, that from the accidental resemblance of the Hebrew and
+  Celtic words <i>Lamech</i> and <i>Lamaich</i>, no philological argument
+  can be drawn of identical meaning, any more than from the fact that the
+  words Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazar, or Belteshassar<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a>, are significant in Russian <!--
+  Page 433 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page433"></a>{433}</span>and
+  Sclavonian, as well as in Chaldee. <i>Lamache</i> in Arabic means (see
+  Freytag) "<i>levi intuitu et furtim adspicere</i> aliquem;" also to
+  <i>shine</i>, as lightning, or a star. <i>Lamech</i>, therefore, is an
+  appropriate designation for a man known to prowl about for plunder and
+  murder, and whose eye, whether taking aim or not, would give a sudden and
+  furtive glance.</p>
+
+  <p>The word <i>lamed</i> signifies, in Hebrew, <i>teaching</i>; the word
+  <i>Talmud</i> is from the same root. It is the same in Syriac and
+  Chaldee. The <i>original</i> significant of these three languages is to
+  be found in the Arabic <i>Lamada</i>: "<i>Se submisit</i> alicui;
+  <i>humiliter se gessit</i> erga aliquem." (Freytag.) No argument can be
+  drawn from the shape of the letter <span lang="he" class="heb" title="L"
+  ><bdo dir="rtl">&#x5DC;</bdo></span> (<i>lamed</i>), because, although
+  popularly so called, it is <i>not</i> a Hebrew letter, but a Chaldee one.
+  The recent discoveries, published in Layard's last work, demonstrate this
+  fact; Mr. Layard falls into the mistake of calling the basin inscriptions
+  Hebrew, although Mr. Ellis, who had translated them, says expressly that
+  the language is Chaldee (<i>Nineveh and Babylon</i>, p. 510.), one of
+  them only being Syriac (p. 521.). Chaldee and Syriac, indeed, differ from
+  each other as little as Chaucer's and Shakspeare's English, although the
+  written characters are wholly distinct.</p>
+
+  <p>Davis, in his <i>Celtic Researches</i>, has done all that was
+  possible, taking a very limited view, however, in fixing upon certain
+  linguistic resemblances in some ancient tongues to the Celtic; but a
+  clear apprehension of the proper place which the Celtic language and its
+  congeners hold in comparative philology, can only be learnt from such
+  works as Adelung's <i>Mithridates</i>, and Adrien Balbi's <i>Atlas
+  Ethnographique du Globe</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>The accidental resemblances are curious. Thus, <i>Nebucadnetzar</i> is
+  in Russian <i>nebê kazenniy Tzar</i>, "A Lord or Prince appointed by
+  heaven;" or, <i>nebu godnoi</i> <i>Tzar</i>, "A Prince fit for heaven."
+  <i>Belshatzar</i> is also in Russian <i>bolszoi Tzar</i>, "A great
+  Prince;" and <i>Belteshtzar</i>, Daniel's Chaldean pagan name, is <i>byl
+  têsh Tzar</i>, "he was also a Prince," <i>i. e.</i> "of the royal
+  family."</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p>The interpretation of Hessius (<i>Geschichte der Patriarchen</i>, i.
+  83.) is preferred by Rosenmüller:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ex hujus Doctissimi Viri sententia Lamechus <i>sese jactat</i>
+  propter filios suos, qui artium adeo utilium essent inventores: Cainum
+  progenitorem suum propter cædem non esse punitum, multo minus se posse
+  puniri, si vel simile scelus commisisset. Verba enim non significant,
+  cædam ab eo revera esse paratam, sed sunt verba hominis admodum
+  insolentis et profani. Ceterum facile apparet, hæc verba a Mose ex quodam
+  carmine antiquo inserta esse: tota enim oratio poeticam quandam
+  sublimitatem spirat."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The sense of these two verses (Gen. iv. 23, 24.) is, according to
+  Dathe:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Si propter viri aut juvenis cædem vulnera et plagæ mihi
+  intendantur, cum de Caino p&oelig;na septuplex statuta fuerit, in Lamecho
+  id fiet septuagies septies.</i>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Herder, in his <i>Geist der ebräischen Poesie</i> (i. 344.) says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Carmen hoc Lamechi laudes canere gladii a filio inventi, cujus usum
+  et præstantiam contra hostiles aliorum insultus his verbis prædicet:
+  <i>Lamechi mulieres audite sermonem meum, percipite dicta mea: Occido jam
+  virum, qui me vulneravit, juvenem, qui plagam mihi infligit. Si Cainus
+  septies ulciscendus, in Lamecho id fiet septuagies septies.</i>"</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birmingham.</p>
+
+  <p>The legend of the shooting of Cain by Lamech is detailed in <i>The
+  Creation of the World, with Noah's Flood</i>, a Cornish mystery,
+  translated into English by John Keigwin, and edited by Davies Gilbert,
+  Esq. The legend and translation, in parallel columns, are given also at
+  pp. 15, 16. of Mr. Gilbert's "Collections and Translations respecting St.
+  Neot," prefixed to descriptive account (in 4to., with sixteen coloured
+  plates) of the windows of St. Neot's Church in Cornwall, by Mr.
+  Hedgeland, who restored them, 1805-1829, at the expense of the Rev.
+  Richard Gerveys Grylls, patron, and formerly incumbent of the living.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Joseph Rix.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LORD COKE'S CHARGE TO THE JURY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 376.)</p>
+
+  <p><i>Saltpetre-man.</i>&mdash;An explanation of this title may be found
+  in a proclamation of King Charles I. (1625):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"For the Maintaining and Increasing of the Saltpetre Mines of England,
+  for the Necessary and Important Manufacture of Gunpowder."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This proclamation states:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"That our realm naturally yields sufficient mines of saltpetre without
+  depending on foreign parts; wherefore, for the future, no dovehouse shall
+  be paved with stones, bricks, nor boards, lime, sand, nor gravel, nor any
+  other thing whereby the growth and increase of the mine and saltpetre may
+  be hindered or impaired; but the proprietors shall suffer the ground or
+  floors thereof, as also all stables where horses stand, to lie open with
+  good and mellow earth, apt to breed increase of the said mine. And that
+  none deny or hinder any <i>saltpetre-man</i>, lawfully deputed thereto,
+  from digging, taking, or working any ground which by commission may be
+  taken and wrought for saltpetre. Neither shall any constable, or other
+  officer, neglect to furnish any such <i>saltpetre-man</i> with convenient
+  carriages, that the King's service suffer not. <i>None shall bribe any
+  saltpetre-man</i> for the sparing or forbearing of any ground fit to be
+  wrought for saltpetre," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It would appear that the <i>saltpetre-man</i> abused his authority,
+  and that the people suffered a good deal of annoyance from the manner in
+  which this <!-- Page 434 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page434"></a>{434}</span>absurd system was carried out; for two
+  years afterwards we find that another proclamation was published by the
+  King, notifying, "that the practice of making saltpetre in England by
+  digging up the floors of dwelling-houses, &amp;c. &amp;c., tended too
+  much to the grievance of his loving subjects ... that notwithstanding all
+  the trouble, not one third part of the saltpetre required could be
+  furnished." It proceeds to state that Sir John Brooke and Thomas Russell,
+  Esq., had proposed a new method of manufacturing the article, and that an
+  exclusive patent had been granted to them. The King then <i>commands</i>
+  his subjects in London and Westminster, that after notice given, they
+  "carefully keep in proper vessels all human urine throughout the year,
+  and as much of that of beasts as can be saved." This appeared to fail;
+  for at the end of the same year, the "stable" monarch proclaimed a return
+  to the old method, giving a commission to the Duke of Buckingham, and
+  some others, to "... break open ... and work for saltpetre," as might be
+  found requisite; and in 1634, a further proclamation was issued renewing
+  the old ones, but excepting the houses, stables, &amp;c. of <i>persons of
+  quality</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>During the Commonwealth the nuisance was finally got rid of; for an
+  act was passed in 1656, directing that "none shall dig within the houses,
+  &amp;c. of any person <i>without their leave first obtained</i>."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Bury, Lancashire.</p>
+
+  <p>J. O. treats <i>The Lord Coke, his Speech and Charge, with a
+  Discoverie of the Abuses and Corruptions of Officers</i>, 8vo. London: N.
+  Butter, 1607, as a genuine document; but it is not so; and, lest the
+  error should gain ground, the following account of the book, from the
+  Preface, by Lord Coke, to the seventh part of his <i>Reports</i>, is
+  subjoined:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"And little do I esteem an uncharitable and malicious practice in
+  publishing of an erroneous and ill-spelled pamphlet under the name
+  Pricket, and dedicating it to my singular good lord and father-in-law,
+  the Earl of Exeter, as a charge given at the assizes holden at the city
+  of Norwich, 4th August, 1606, which I protest was not only published
+  without my privity, but (beside the omission of divers principal matters)
+  that there is no one period therein expressed in that sort and sense that
+  I delivered: wherein it is worthy of observation, how their expectation
+  (of scandalizing me) was wholly deceived; for behold the catastrophe!
+  Such of the readers as were learned in the laws, finding not only gross
+  errors and absurdities on law, but palpable mistakings in the very words
+  of art, and the whole context of that rude and ragged style wholly
+  dissonant (the subject being legal) from a lawyer's dialect, concluded
+  that <i>inimicus et iniquus homo superseminavit zizania in medio
+  tritici</i>, the other discreet and indifferent readers, out of sense and
+  reason, found out the same conclusion, both in respect of the vanity of
+  the phrase, and for that I, publishing about the same time one of my
+  commentaries, would, if I had intended the publication of any such
+  matter, have done it myself, and not to have suffered any of my works
+  pass under the name of Pricket; and so <i>unâ voce conclamaverunt
+  omnes</i>, that it was a shameful and shameless practice, and the author
+  thereof to be a wicked and malicious falsary."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. G.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Exon.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>WHITE ROSES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 329.)</p>
+
+  <p>The allusion is to the well-known Jacobite badge of the white rose,
+  which was regularly worn on June 10, the anniversary of the Old
+  Pretender's birthday, by his adherents. Fielding refers to the custom in
+  his <i>Amelia</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"On the lovely 10th of June, under a serene sky, the amorous Jacobite,
+  kissing the odoriferous Zephyr's breath, gathers a nosegay of white roses
+  to deck the whiter breast of Celia."&mdash;<i>Amelia</i>, edit. 1752,
+  vol. i. p. 48.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following lines are extracted from a collection of considerable
+  merit, now become uncommon, the authors of the different papers in which
+  were Dr. Deacon and Dr. Byrom, and which is entitled <i>Manchester
+  Vindicated</i> (Chester, 1749, 12mo.). The occasion was on a soldier
+  snatching a white rose from the bosom of a young lady on June 10,
+  1747:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">I.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Phillis to deck her snowy breast</p>
+      <p class="i1">The rival-flowers around display'd,</p>
+      <p>Thraso, to grace his war-like crest</p>
+      <p class="i1">Of orange-knots a huge cockade,</p>
+      <p>That reds and whites, and nothing else,</p>
+      <p>Should set the beaux against the belles!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">II.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Yet so it was; for yesterday</p>
+      <p class="i1">Thraso met Phillis with her posies,</p>
+      <p>And thus began th' ungentle fray,</p>
+      <p class="i1hg1">'Miss, I must <i>execute</i> those roses.'</p>
+      <p>Then made, but fruitless made, a snatch,</p>
+      <p>Repuls'd with pertinacious scratch.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">III.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Surpriz'd at such a sharp rebuke,</p>
+      <p class="i1">He cast about his cautious eyes,</p>
+      <p>Invoking <i>Vict'ry</i> and <i>the Duke</i>,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And once again attack'd the prize;</p>
+      <p>Again is taught to apprehend,</p>
+      <p>How guardian thorns the rose defend.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">IV.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Force being twice in vain apply'd,</p>
+      <p class="i1">He condescended then to reason;</p>
+      <p class="hg1">'Ye <i>Jacobitish</i> &mdash;&mdash;,' he cry'd</p>
+      <p class="i1hg1">'In open street, the love of treason</p>
+      <p>With your white roses to proclaim!</p>
+      <p>Go home, ye rebel slut, for shame!'</p>
+<!-- Page 435 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page435"></a>{435}</span>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">V.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"'Go you abroad to Flanders yonder,</p>
+      <p class="i1">And show your valour there, Sir Knight;</p>
+      <p>What bus'ness have you here, I wonder,</p>
+      <p class="i1">With people's roses, red or white?</p>
+      <p>Go you abroad, for shame,' says Phillis,</p>
+      <p class="hg1">'And from the Frenchmen pluck their lilies.'</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">VI.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"'Lilies!' says Thraso, 'lilies too!</p>
+      <p class="i1">The wench, I find, would be a wit,</p>
+      <p>Had she command of words eno',</p>
+      <p class="i1">And on the right one chanced to hit:</p>
+      <p>For pity, once, I'll set her clear:</p>
+      <p>The laurels, you would say, my dear.'</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6">VII.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"'No, but I would not, Sir; you know</p>
+      <p class="i1">What laurels are no more than I,</p>
+      <p>Upon your head they'll never grow,</p>
+      <p class="i1">My word for that, friend, and good-bye:</p>
+      <p><i>He that of roses robs a wench,</i></p>
+      <p><i>Will ne'er pluck laurels from the French.</i>'"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BURIAL OF UNCLAIMED CORPSE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., pp. 262. 340.)</p>
+
+  <p>A tradition of similar character with that mentioned by E.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;R., and
+  noticed by J.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;L., is reported to have occurred between the parishes of
+  Shipdham and Saham Tony in Norfolk, of a corpse being found on the common
+  pasture of Shipdham, which parish refused to bury it, and the parish of
+  Saham Tony, therefore, was at the expense thereof, and claimed a
+  considerable piece of the common pasture from Shipdham, in consequence of
+  the neglect of the latter parish.</p>
+
+  <p>A fine continues to be paid by Shipdham to Saham to this time; and
+  although many entries are made of such payments in the early parish
+  accounts, beginning <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1511, yet in no
+  instance is it said the reason or cause of these payments being annually
+  made. The said payments are not always of the same amount; they are
+  sometimes paid in money and sometimes in kind, as the following instances
+  show.</p>
+
+  <p>The first entry I meet with is in 1511:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Payd the halffe mark at Saham.</p>
+      <p>1512.  Delyvyrd to same ij buschells of otts, viij<sup>d</sup>; in sylv<sup>r</sup>, ij<sup>d</sup>.</p>
+      <p>1513.  The same payment as in 1512.</p>
+      <p>1514.  No entry of any payment.</p>
+      <p>1515.  Payd for <i>woots</i> to Saham, vj<sup>d</sup>, and ij<sup>d</sup> of mony.</p>
+      <p>1516.  Payd to y<sup>e</sup> hallemarke, j<sup>d</sup> (not said if to Saham or not).</p>
+      <p class="i4">This entry "to y<sup>e</sup> hallemark" may be an error of the scribe for "y<sup>e</sup> halffe mark," as in the first entry under 1511.</p>
+      <p>1517.  Payd to y<sup>e</sup> halffe mark, j<sup>d</sup> (no doubt to Saham).</p>
+      <p>1518.  No entry of payment to Saham.</p>
+      <p>1519.  Payd to same for ij barssels of owte, vj<sup>d</sup>; to same, ij<sup>d</sup> ... viij<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1520.  Payd for ij busschellys of otte to same, viij<sup>d</sup>; and a henne, ij<sup>d</sup> ... x<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1521.  Payd to same for ij buschells of ots, xj<sup>d</sup>, and ij<sup>d</sup> in sylver ... xiij<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1522.  Payd for y<sup>e</sup> half marke, j<sup>d</sup>; payd for oots to same, vij<sup>d</sup>  ...  viij<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1523.  Payd for y<sup>e</sup> halff mark (no doubt to Saham) ... j<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1524.  Payd for otts to sam and wodlod  ...  viij<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1525.  Similar entry to the last.</p>
+      <p>1526.  Payd for otts to same, viij<sup>d</sup>; payd for wod led to same, j<sup>d</sup>  ...  ix<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1527.  Payd the halffe mark, j<sup>d</sup>; paid to the <i>Comon</i>, to (two) bussells otts, ix<sup>d</sup>, and</p>
+      <p class="i4">a j<sup>d</sup> in lieu of a henne  ...  xj<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>1539.  Payd to same for the task  ...  x<sup>d</sup><a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p>
+      <p>1541.  Payd to Thomas Lubard, for ij bs. of otts to Saham ... viij<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p class="i4">Payd to y<sup>e</sup> seyd Thomas for j heyn (hen) to Saham ... ij<sup>d</sup></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>On looking through the town accounts of Shipdham, I find entries
+  of&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Payd to the half mark to Saham                j<sup>d</sup></p>
+      <p>Ij bushells oates, and in lieu of a hen      ij<sup>d</sup></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The only entry in which I find anything at all apparently relative to
+  the common is that under 1527. Whether the court books of Saham would
+  throw any light on the subject, I know not. Should an opportunity offer
+  for my searching them, I will do so.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. H. I.</p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;Although I have given several entries of the customary
+  payments to Saham, they are merely given to show the different modes of
+  making those entries, and not in expectation of your giving all of them,
+  unless you think any further light can be given on the subject. As
+  before, perhaps the court books of the manor of Saham would assist.</p>
+
+  <p>It was an annual custom for Shipdham people to "Drive the common" (as
+  it was called) once a year, in a night of an uncertain time, when all the
+  cattle, &amp;c. found within the limits or boundary of Shipdham were
+  impounded in a farm-yard adjoining. Upon the common, all those belonging
+  to owners residing in Shipdham and claimed were set at liberty, while
+  those belonging to Saham had to be replevied by a small payment, which
+  custom continued up to the period of the commons being inclosed. Perhaps
+  this custom was by way of retaliation, by which means the charge of
+  payment of oats and a hen was recovered by the money paid for replevying
+  their cattle, &amp;c. so impounded.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>No payment entered in the accounts between 1527 and 1539. The average
+  tenpence annually.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PSALMANAZAR.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 206.)</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent inquires as to the real name of this most penitent
+  of impostors. I fear that <!-- Page 436 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page436"></a>{436}</span>there is now no likelihood of its being
+  discovered. His most intimate friends appear to have been kept in the
+  dark on this subject. With respect to his country, the most probable
+  conclusion seems to be, that he was born in the south of Europe, in a
+  city of Languedoc. A very near approximation seems to be made to the
+  exact locality by a careful collation of the circumstances mentioned in
+  his autobiography, in the excellent summary of his life in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vols. xxxiv. and xxxv., which is much better
+  worth consulting than the articles in Aikin or Chalmers; which are poor
+  and superficial, and neither of which gives any list of his works, or
+  notices the <i>Essay on Miracles, by a Layman</i> (London, 1753, 8vo.),
+  which is one of them, though published anonymously. There is a very
+  amusing account of conversations with him at Oxford, in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. xxxv. p. 78., in which, before a large
+  company of ladies and gentlemen who were curious as to the customs of
+  Formosa, he gravely defended the practice which he said existed in that
+  country, of cutting off the heads of their wives and eating them, in case
+  of misconduct. "I think it is no sin," continued he, "to eat human flesh,
+  but I must own it is a little unmannerly." He admitted that he once ate
+  part of a black; but they being always kept to hard work, their flesh was
+  tough and unsavoury. His grandfather, he said, lived to 117, and was as
+  vigorous as a young man, in consequence of sucking the blood of a viper
+  warm every morning; but they had been forced to kill him, he being
+  attacked with a violent fit of the colic, and desiring them to stab him,
+  which, in obedience to another "custom of the country," they had done.
+  <i>Splendidè mendax!</i> was certainly, in his younger days, this much
+  venerated friend of our great moralist. I should, however, feel inclined
+  to forgive much of his extraordinary romancing for the admirable manner
+  in which he settled that chattering twaddler, Bishop Burnet:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"He was one day with Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Sarum, who, after his warm
+  manner, cried, 'Ay, you say so; but what proof can you give that you are
+  not of China, Japan, or any other country?' 'The manner of my flight,'
+  replied he, 'did not allow me to bring credentials: but suppose your
+  lordship were in Formosa, and should say you are an Englishman, might not
+  the Formosan as justly reply, You say you are an Englishman; but what
+  proof can you give that you are not of any other country? for you look as
+  like a Dutchman as any that ever traded to Formosa.' This silenced his
+  lordship."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Crossley.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>GRAFTS AND THE PARENT TREE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vii., p. 365.)</p>
+
+  <p>I was surprised to find it stated as "a fact" by <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Ingleby</span>, "that grafts, after some fifteen years, wear themselves
+  out." A visit to one of the great orchard counties would assure him of
+  the existence of tens of thousands of grafted apple and pear trees, still
+  in a healthy state, and from forty to fifty years old, and more. There
+  are grafted trees of various kinds in this country, which to my own
+  knowledge are upwards of sixty years old; and I have little doubt but
+  that there are some a good deal older.</p>
+
+  <p>The ancient Ribstone pippin, which stood in Ribstone Park, till it
+  died in 1835, was believed to have been grafted. Such was the opinion of
+  one of the gardeners there; and a writer in the <i>Gardeners'
+  Chronicle</i>, 1845, p. 21., states that in 1830 he fell in with the
+  Ribstone pippin in great abundance in Switzerland, in the valley of
+  Sarnen; and he remarks that it is more probable this apple was introduced
+  into England from that country, than the reverse. The question has not
+  been conclusively settled.</p>
+
+  <p>Notwithstanding "the belief that the graft perishes when the parent
+  tree decays" is pronounced by <span class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> to be a
+  fond superstition, yet there are certain facts, well known to orchard
+  growers, which give some warrant for it. Without committing myself
+  altogether to this doctrine, I will state a few of them.</p>
+
+  <p>It is well known that no cider or perry fruit is so good, on first
+  being introduced, as it is after fifteen or twenty years of cultivation.
+  A certain period seems to be required to mature the new sort, and bring
+  it to its full vigour (long after it is in full bearing) before it is at
+  its best. The tree, with all its grafted progeny, will last, perhaps
+  fifty, perhaps more than one hundred years, in a flourishing state, and
+  then they will begin everywhere to decay; nor has any device yet been
+  successful in arresting that general decay.</p>
+
+  <p>Witness the rise, progress, and fall of the <i>Forest Stire</i> of
+  Gloucestershire, the <i>Foxwhelp</i> and <i>Redstreak</i> of
+  Herefordshire, the <i>Golden Pippin</i>, and, more lately, the
+  <i>Ribstone Pippin</i>, of which there is an increasing complaint, not to
+  mention many others in the same condition. The first-named apple is very
+  nearly extinct, and the small quantity of the fruit that is still to be
+  had fetches enormous prices.</p>
+
+  <p>Whether this decay be owing to <i>grafting</i>, is a question which
+  can be decided only by the future behaviour of the suckers from the
+  original tree, several of which from the tree at Ribstone Park are now
+  growing at Chiswick and elsewhere.</p>
+
+  <p>I am aware that Dr. Lindley combats very eagerly the doctrine that
+  varieties of the apple and pear, or indeed of any tree, die naturally of
+  old age; but the only incontrovertible fact which he adduces in support
+  of his argument, is the existence of the French <i>White Beurré</i> pear,
+  which has flourished from time immemorial. His denial of the decay of the
+  <i>Golden Pippin</i>, the <i>Golden <!-- Page 437 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page437"></a>{437}</span>Harvey</i>, and the
+  <i>Nonpareil</i>, will not, I think, be allowed to be just by the
+  experience of your readers; the existence of the last-named apple for
+  three centuries, supposing it to be true, has not secured it exemption
+  from the general fate.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. C. K.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">&mdash;&mdash; Rectory, Hereford.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Glass Baths.</i>&mdash;Several of your correspondents finding a
+  difficulty in making glass baths, I beg to communicate the way in which
+  they may be very easily manufactured. Having obtained two pieces of
+  patent plate glass, grind the edges, which may readily be done by a
+  scythe sand-stone, where other contrivances are not handy. Cut for the
+  bottom of the bath a slip of the same glass three-quarters of an inch in
+  breadth; and for the sides, from ordinary window-glass, four wedges,
+  being about three-fifths of an inch at one end, tapering down to the
+  thickness of the piece of plate glass at the bottom. If several pieces
+  are cut off promiscuously, four may be selected which have exactly the
+  same angle, so as to form an even support to the sides. The glass being
+  perfectly clean, dry, and as warm as can be conveniently held by the
+  hand, fix the bottom and then the sides by means of the <i>very best</i>
+  sealing-wax, which will perfectly adhere to the glass. If the commoner
+  sorts of wax are used, some marine glue must be added to it to temper it.
+  The side slips should be fixed a quarter of an inch apart, so as to form
+  a cavity, which must be entirely filled up with wax. The wax may be used
+  as in sealing a letter in the first instance; but, in order to give the
+  whole bath solidity, and expel every particle of air from between the
+  glass, I use a heated pointed iron, as a plumber does in the act of
+  soldering. This, passed over the external parts of the wax, also gives it
+  a hardness and smooth finish.</p>
+
+  <p>These details may appeal trifling, and others may have more ingenious
+  modes of accomplishing the object; but having used baths so constructed
+  upwards of twelve months without leakage, I believe they will be found to
+  be most economical, and far more to be relied on than gutta percha. A
+  good bath so made should require about six ounces of solution of nitrate
+  of silver to take a picture eight inches square. Your observations in a
+  former Number, respecting the uncertainty of gutta percha, I have found
+  to be perfectly true. Samples of gutta percha constantly vary; and one
+  may contain impurities acted upon by the chemicals, which another does
+  not. A small rim formed by sealing-wax dissolved in spirits of wine, and
+  applied twice or thrice along the upper edge of the bath, is sufficient
+  to protect the prepared glass from adhering to the front of the bath when
+  in use.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. W. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Securing Calotype Negatives.</i>&mdash;Will any of your
+  correspondents be good enough to say what they consider the best method
+  of securing a calotype paper negative for a few days or a week, in cases
+  where it may be difficult, from lack of conveniences during that time, to
+  use hyposulph., with its consequent washings, &amp;c.? Some, I believe,
+  recommend bromide of potassium; some, the iodide; others, common salt:
+  but I should like to know which is considered the <i>best</i>; what
+  strength, and how applied. Also, whether any subsequent treatment is
+  necessary previous to the final application of the hypo.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. T.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Wood of the Cross</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 334.).&mdash;I find, in
+  your 179th Number, p. 334., a communication on "The Wood of the Cross."
+  Mention is made of the several kinds of wood of which the cross is said
+  to have been made&mdash;elder, olive, &amp;c. It is a somewhat curious
+  coincidence, that yesterday I was with a farmer in his garden, and
+  observing on several apple-trees some luxuriant mistletoe, I remarked
+  that it was principally found on that tree, sometimes on the oak, but
+  rarely on other trees. The farmer, after inquiring whether it could be
+  propagated by cuttings, &amp;c., asked if I had ever understood that our
+  Saviour's cross was made of mistletoe? On replying in the negative, and
+  remarking that it was altogether unsuitable for such a purpose, he
+  rejoined, that, previously to that event, it was a large strong tree, but
+  subsequently had been doomed to have only a parasitical (not that he used
+  the term) existence.</p>
+
+  <p>As <span class="sc">Ceyrep</span> said "I never heard of our Lord's
+  cross having been made of elder wood," so I would also add, I never heard
+  before of its being made of mistletoe. Did any one else ever hear of this
+  tradition?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. S. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bishops' Lawn Sleeves</i> (Vol. vi., p. 271.).&mdash;J.&nbsp;G.&nbsp;T. has
+  inquired concerning the date and origin of the present robes of Anglican
+  bishops. Mr. Trevor thus describes the bishop's dress in Convocation,
+  which is the proper dress of the episcopate:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The chimere is the Convocation habit of a doctor of divinity in
+  Oxford, made of silk instead of cloth, as the rochet is an alb of lawn in
+  place of linen, <i>honoris causâ</i>: the detaching the sleeves from the
+  rochet, and sewing them to the upper garment instead, is obviously a
+  contrivance of the robe-makers. Dr. Hody says that the scarlet robe worn
+  by the bishops in the House of Lords is the doctor's gown at Cambridge;
+  the first archbishops after the Reformation being of that university.
+  (<i>Hody</i>, 140.) At Parker's consecration he appeared first in a
+  scarlet gown and hood; then at the Holy Communion he and two of the
+  consecrating bishops <!-- Page 438 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page438"></a>{438}</span>wore white surplices, while the senior had
+  a cope: and after his consecration he and the two diocesan bishops endued
+  themselves in the now customary dress of a bishop, the archbishop having
+  about his neck a collar of sables (<i>Cardw. Doc. Ann.</i>, i. 243.).
+  Before the Reformation, it was remarked as peculiar to the English
+  bishops, that they always wore their white rochets, 'except when
+  hunting.' (<i>Hody</i>, 141.)"&mdash;<i>The Two Convocations, Note
+  on</i>, p. 195.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Inscriptions in Books</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 127. 337.).&mdash;The two
+  accompanying inscriptions in books were given to me the other day. The
+  second is, I believe, much in vogue at Rugby.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Si quis errantem</p>
+      <p>Videat libellum</p>
+      <p>Reddat, aut collo</p>
+      <p>Dabitur capistrum</p>
+      <p>Carnufex ejus</p>
+      <p>Tunicas habebit</p>
+      <p>Terra cadaver."</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Small is the wren,</p>
+      <p>Black is the rook,</p>
+      <p>Great is the sinner</p>
+      <p>That steals this book."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p>As your correspondent <span class="sc">Balliolensis</span> inquires
+  regarding inscriptions in books, perhaps the following may add to his
+  proposed collection, being an old ditty much in use among schoolboys,
+  &amp;c.:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Hic liber est meus,</p>
+      <p>And that I will show;</p>
+      <p>Si aliquis capit,</p>
+      <p>I'll give him a blow."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p class="author">N. N.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lines quoted by Charles Lamb</i> (Vol. vii., p. 286.).&mdash;The
+  author of the lines quoted&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Bind me, ye woodbines, in your twines;</p>
+      <p>Curl me about, ye gadding vines," &amp;c.&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>is Andrew Marvell. They are taken from his fine poem on Nun-Appleton,
+  Lord Fairfax's seat in Yorkshire; and will be found in vol. iii. p. 198.
+  of Marvell's <i>Works</i>, edit. 1776, 4to.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193.
+  369.).&mdash;Upon visiting Cartmel in Lancashire ten years ago, I found a
+  library in the vestry, and in my diary made the following entry:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"There is a small library in the vestry, of a very miscellaneous
+  description, left by a former incumbent, two hundred years ago, to the
+  vicar for the time being, to be kept in the vestry. There is a fine copy,
+  in small quarto, of Spenser's <i>Faery Queene</i> in the collection, of
+  the date 1560."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>How I ascertained the date of the gift, or whether there were any
+  other particulars worth recording, I do not remember. Since taking "N.
+  &amp; Q." I have learnt the benefit, I might say the necessity, of being
+  more particular.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Brick.</span></p>
+
+  <p>To your list of parochial libraries may be added one in Swaffham
+  Church, Norfolk, bequeathed to the parish by one of the Spelman family.
+  It contains several hundred volumes, and among them some of the Elzevir
+  classics. About seven years ago I visited Swaffham, and found this
+  collection of books in a most disgraceful state, covered with dust and
+  the dung of mice and bats, and many of the books torn from their
+  bindings. It would afford me great pleasure to hear that more care is
+  taken of such a valuable collection of books. There is also a smaller
+  library, in somewhat better preservation, in the vestry of St. Peter's,
+  Mancroft Church, in the city of Norwich.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. G. R.</p>
+
+  <p>There are parochial libraries at Milden, Brent Eleigh, and at All
+  Saints, Sudbury, Suffolk. See Rev. C. Badham's <i>Hist. and Antiq. of All
+  Saints, Sudbury</i>, 8vo. London, 1852, pp. 105-109.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson, B.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Huet's Navigations of Solomon</i> (Vol. vii., p. 381.).&mdash;In
+  reply to <span class="sc">Edina's</span> Query, Huet's treatise <i>De
+  Navigationibus Salomonis</i> was published in 1698, 12mo., at Amsterdam,
+  and before his work on the Commerce of the Ancients was printed. <span
+  class="sc">Edina</span> will find a short extract of its contents in vol.
+  ii. p. 479. of Dr. Aikin's <i>Translation of Huet's Autobiography</i>,
+  published in 1810 in two volumes 8vo. The subject is a curious and
+  interesting one; but, from my perusal of the tract, I should scarcely say
+  that Huet has treated it very successfully, or that the book is at all
+  worthy of his learning or acuteness.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Derby Municipal Seal</i> (Vol. vii., p. 357.).&mdash;The "buck in
+  the park," on the town seal of Derby, is probably a punning allusion to
+  the name of that place, anciently <i>Deora-by</i> or <i>Deor-by</i>, i.
+  e. the abode of the deer.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. W. G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Annueller</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 391.).&mdash;Bishop Ergham
+  founded St. Anne's College in Wells, for the maintenance of Societas
+  (xiv.) Presbyterorum annuellarum Novæ Aulæ Wellensis. The
+  <i>annuellar</i> was a secular conduct, receiving a yearly stipend. These
+  priests, probably, served his chantry at Wells.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  380).&mdash;The collection of the lives of pious persons to which Dr.
+  Whitaker refers, as containing a very interesting account of Midgley,
+  will undoubtedly be Samuel Clarke's <i>Lives of Thirty-two English
+  Divines</i>. The passage, which will scarcely be new to your
+  correspondent, is at p. 68. of the life of "Master Richard Rothwell"
+  (Clarkes's <i>Lives</i>, edit. 1677, fol.), and a very pleasing passage
+  it is, and one that I might almost <!-- Page 439 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page439"></a>{439}</span>be justified in
+  extracting. Dr. Whitaker and Brook (<i>Lives of the Puritans</i>, vol.
+  ii. p. 163.) seem to be at variance with regard to the Midgleys, the
+  former mentioning only one, and the latter two, vicars of the family.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Crossley.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Nose of Wax</i> (Vol. vii., p. 158.).&mdash;Allow me to refer to a
+  passage in "Ram Alley, or Merry Tricks," by Lodowick Barry (which is
+  reprinted in the fifth volume of Dodsley's <i>Old Plays</i>),
+  illustrative of this term. In Act I. Sc. 1., <i>Dash</i> describes the
+  law as</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The kingdom's eye, by which she sees</p>
+      <p>The acts and thoughts of men."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>Whereupon <i>Throate</i> observes:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The kingdom's eye!</p>
+      <p>I tell thee, fool, it is the kingdom's nose,</p>
+      <p>By which she smells out all these rich transgressors;</p>
+      <p>Nor is't of flesh, but merely made of <i>wax</i>,</p>
+      <p>And 'tis within the power of us lawyers,</p>
+      <p>To wrest this <i>nose of wax</i> which way we please."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>This illustration was overlooked by Nares, to whose <i>Glossary</i>
+  you refer.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Canongate Marriages</i> (Vol. v., p. 320.; Vol. vii., p.
+  67.).&mdash;The correspondent who expressed his surprise some time ago at
+  his Query on this subject not having called forth any remark from your
+  Scotch friends, will perhaps find the explanation of this result in the
+  fact, that in Scotland we are guided by the civil or Roman law on the
+  subject of marriage; and consequently, with us marriage is altogether a
+  civil contract; and we need the intervention neither of clergyman, Gretna
+  blacksmith, or the equally disreputable Canongate coupler. The services
+  of the last two individuals are only sought for by you deluded southerns.
+  All we require here is the agreement or consent of the parties
+  ("<i>consensus non</i> concubitus facit matrimonium"); and the legal
+  questions which arise have reference chiefly to the evidence of this
+  consent. The agreement may be made verbally, or in writing, before
+  witnesses or not, as the parties choose. Or a marriage may be constituted
+  and proved merely by habit and repute, <i>i. e.</i> by the parties living
+  together as man and wife, and the man allowing the woman to be addressed
+  as his wife. A promise of marriage, followed by <i>copula</i>, also
+  constitutes a marriage. But it would be out of place here to enter into
+  all the arcana of the Scotch law of marriage: suffice it to say, that it
+  prevails equally at John o' Groat's House and Aberdeen, as in the
+  Canongate or at Gretna Green. A <i>regular</i> marriage requires certain
+  formalities, such as the publication of banns, &amp;c. An
+  <i>irregular</i> one is equally good in law, and may be contracted in
+  various ways, as above explained.</p>
+
+  <p>This law, though <i>at first sight</i> likely to lead to great abuses,
+  really works well in practice; and prevents the occurrence of those
+  distressing cases, which not unfrequently happen in England, of seduction
+  under promise of marriage, and subsequent desertion.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Scotus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Smock Marriages</i> (Vol. vii., p. 191.).&mdash;According to Scotch
+  law, the marriage of the father and mother legitimises all children
+  <i>previously</i> born, however old they may be. This is called
+  legitimisation <i>per subsequens matrimonium</i>, and is not unfrequently
+  taken advantage of by elderly gentlemen, who, after having passed the
+  heyday of youth, wish to give their children a position, and a legal
+  right to inherit their property. Like the rule as to marriage above
+  explained, it is derived from the Roman or civil law. There are very few,
+  I should rather say <i>no</i>, legal fictions in the Scotch law of the
+  nature alluded to by your correspondent.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Scotus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Sculptured Emaciated Figures</i> (Vol. v., p 497.; Vol. vi.
+  <i>passim</i>).&mdash;In Dickinson's <i>Antiquities of
+  Nottinghamshire</i>, vol. i. p. 171., is a notice with an engraving of a
+  tomb in Holme Church, near Southwell, bearing a sculptured emaciated
+  figure of a youth evidently in the last stage of consumption, round which
+  is this inscription: "Miseremini mei, miseremini mei, saltem vos amici
+  mei, quia manus Domini tetigit me."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. P., Jun.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Do the Sun's Rays put out the Fire</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  285.).&mdash;It is known that solar light contains three distinct kinds
+  of rays, which, when decomposed by a prism, form as many spectra, varying
+  in properties as well as in position, viz. luminous, heating or
+  calorific, and chemical or actinic rays.</p>
+
+  <p>The greater part of the rays of heat are even less refrangible than
+  the least refrangible rays of light, while the chemical rays are more
+  refrangible than either. The latter are so called from their power of
+  inducing many chemical changes, such as the decomposition of water by
+  chlorine, and the reactions upon which photographic processes depend.</p>
+
+  <p>The relative quantities of these several kinds of rays in sun-light
+  varies with the time of day, the season, and the latitude of any spot. In
+  general, where the luminous and heating rays are most abundant, the
+  proportion of chemical rays is least; and, in fact, the two seem
+  antagonistic to each other. Thus, near the equator, the luminous and
+  calorific rays being most powerful, the chemical are feeble, as is shown
+  by the length of time required for the production of photographic
+  pictures. Hence, also, June and July are the worst months for the
+  practice of photography, and better results are obtained before noon than
+  after.</p>
+
+  <p>It is precisely for a similar reason that the combustion of an
+  ordinary fire, being strictly a chemical change, is retarded whenever the
+  sun's heating and luminous rays are most powerful, as during bright <!--
+  Page 440 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page440"></a>{440}</span>sunshine, and that observe our fires to
+  burn more briskly in summer than winter; in fact, that apparently "the
+  sun's rays put out the fire."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">A. W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Univ. Coll., London.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Spontaneous Combustion</i> (Vol. vii., p. 286.).&mdash;A most
+  interesting discussion of this question is to be found in Liebig's
+  <i>Familiar Letters upon Chemistry</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>That chemist proves conclusively:&mdash;1. That of the cases adduced
+  none is well authenticated, while in most it is admitted that the victims
+  were drunkards, and that generally a candle or lamp was in the room, and
+  after the alleged combustion was found turned over. 2. That spontaneous
+  combustion is absolutely impossible, the human frame containing 75 or 80
+  per cent. of water; and since flesh, when saturated with alcohol, is not
+  consumed upon the application of a light, the alcohol burning off first,
+  the causes assigned to account for the spontaneous ignition are <i>à
+  priori</i> extremely improbable.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. W. Wills.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Univ. Coll., London.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ecclesia Anglicana</i> (Vol. vii., p. 12.).&mdash;This has always
+  been the appellation of the Church of England, just as much before the
+  Reformation as after. I copy for G.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;M. one rather forcible sentence
+  from the articles of a provincial synod, holden <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1257:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Et super istis articulis prænotatis fecit Bonifacius, Cant. Arch.
+  suorum suffraganeorum sibi subditorum universorum, prælatorum pariter et
+  cleri procuratorum, convocationem isto anno apud Londonias semel et
+  secundo, propter gravamina et oppressiones, de die in diem per summum
+  pontificem et D. Henricum Regem <i>Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ</i>
+  irrogatas."&mdash;Wilkin's <i>Concilia Mag. Brit. et Hib.</i>, vol. i. p.
+  726.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>For other examples of the ante-reformational use of <i>Ecclesia
+  Anglicana</i>, I can give him so large a reference as to Wilkins' book,
+  <i>passim</i>; to the Writs for Parliament and Mandates for Convocation
+  contained in the Appendix to Wake's <i>State of the Church and
+  Clergy</i>; and to the extracts from <i>The Annals of Waverley</i>, and
+  other old chronicles, quoted in Hody's <i>History of English Councils and
+  Convocations</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wyle Cop</i> (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 243. 509.; Vol. v., p. 44.; Vol.
+  vi., p. 65.).&mdash;The summit of a steep hill in the town of Shrewsbury
+  bears the name of <i>The Wyle Cop</i>. I think that these are two Welsh
+  words, <i>Gwyl Cop</i>, meaning watch mound, slightly altered.
+  <i>Gop</i>, near Newmarket in Flintshire, has a longer Welsh name, which
+  is written by English people <i>Coperleni</i>. This, when correctly
+  written, means, the mound of the light or fire-beacon. <i>Mole Cop</i>,
+  the name of a lofty hill near Congleton, appears to be a slight
+  corruption of the Welsh words <i>Moel y Cop</i>, the mountain of the
+  mound. There is another lofty hill in Staffordshire called <i>Stiles
+  Cop</i>. It seems probable that on both of these hills mounds may have
+  been made in ancient times for the erection of fire-beacons. It would
+  appear that Dr. Plot did not understand the Welsh language, as he has
+  stated that he thought, in these instances, the word <i>Cop</i> meant a
+  mountain.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S. (2.)</p>
+
+  <p><i>Chaucer</i> (Vol. vii., p. 356).&mdash;No foreign original has ever
+  been found for Chaucer's "House of Fame." Warton fancied that it had been
+  translated or paraphrased from the Provençal, but could adduce no proof
+  that it had. Old Geoffrey may have found the groundwork somewhere, in the
+  course of his multifarious reading; but the main portion of the structure
+  is evidently the work of his own hands, as the number of personal details
+  and circumstances would tend to indicate. The forty lines comprising the
+  "Lai of Marie," which Chaucer has worked up into the "Nonnes Preestes
+  Tale" of some seven hundred lines, are printed in Tyrwhitt's Introductory
+  Discourse to the <i>Canterbury Tales</i>, and will be sufficient to show
+  what use he made of the raw material at his disposal. We may fairly
+  presume that Emerson never took the trouble to investigate the matter,
+  but contented himself with snatching up his materials from the nearest
+  quarry, and then tumbling them out to the public.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tunbridge Wells.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Campvere, Privileges of</i> (Vol. vii., p. 262.).&mdash;J.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;S.
+  asks, "What were these privileges, and whence was the term Campvere
+  derived?"</p>
+
+  <p>In Scotland there exists an ancient institution called "The Convention
+  of Royal Burghs," which still meets annually in Edinburgh, under the
+  fixed presidency of the Lord Provost of that city. It is a representative
+  body, consisting of delegates elected by the town councils of the royal
+  burghs (not <i>boroughs</i>) of Scotland; and their business is to attend
+  to such public measures as may affect the general interests of their
+  constituents. In former times, however their powers and duties were of
+  far more importance than they are now. The Convention seems to have
+  exercised a general superintendence of the foreign trade of the kingdom.
+  With a view to the promotion of that trade, they used to enter into
+  commercial treaties, or <i>staple contracts</i> as they were called, with
+  the commercial cities of the Continent; and I have now before me one of
+  these staple contracts, made with the city of Antwerp in 1540; and
+  another with the city of Middleburg, in Zeeland, in 1541; but latterly
+  they seem to have confined themselves to the town of <i>Campvere</i>, in
+  Zeeland (island of Walcheren). In all these contracts it was stipulated
+  <!-- Page 441 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page441"></a>{441}</span>that the Scottish traders should enjoy
+  certain privileges, which were considered of such importance that the
+  crown appointed a <i>conservator</i> of them. The last of these staple
+  contracts was made with Campvere in the year 1747; but soon afterwards
+  the increasing prosperity of Scotland, and the participation of its
+  burgesses in the foreign trade of England, rendered such partial
+  arrangements useless, and the contracts and the privileges have long
+  since been reckoned among the things that were. The office of conservator
+  degenerated into a sinecure. It was held for some time by the <i>Rev.</i>
+  John Home, author of the tragedy of <i>Douglas</i>, who died in 1808; and
+  afterwards by a Sir Alex. Lenier, whose name is found in the <i>Edinburgh
+  Almanack</i> as "Conservator at Campvere" till 1847, when the office and
+  the officer seem to have expired together.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Sir Gilbert Gerard</i> (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.).&mdash;In addition
+  to the information I formerly sent you in answer to <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Spedding's</span> inquiry, I am now enabled to state two facts, which
+  greatly reduce the period within which the date of Sir Gilbert Gerard's
+  death may be fixed. Among the records in Carlton Ride, is an enrolment of
+  his account as <i>Custos Domûs Conversorum</i> from January 29, 34 Eliz.
+  (1592) to January 29, 35 Eliz. (1593). And a search in Doctors' Commons
+  has resulted in the discovery, that Sir Gilbert's will was proved, not,
+  as Dugdale states, in April, 1592, but on April 6, 1593. He died
+  therefore between January 29 and April 6, 1593.</p>
+
+  <p>Dugdale mentions that there is no epitaph on his monument.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Mistletoe</i> (Vol. vii., p. 270.).&mdash;I wish to mention that
+  the mistletoe has been tried at the Botanic Gardens belonging to Trinity
+  College, Dublin; and, after flourishing for some years, it died away.
+  Indeed, I think it has been repeatedly tried there, but without eventual
+  success.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Y. S. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Wild Plants and their Names</i> (Vol. vii., p.
+  233.).&mdash;<i>Cowslip</i>, "Palsy Wort." Culpepper says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Because they strengthen the brain and nerves, and remedy palsies, the
+  Greeks gave them the name <i>paralysis</i>." "The flowers preserved, or
+  conserved, and the quantity of a nutmeg taken every morning, is a
+  sufficient dose for inward disorders."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>For the ointment he gives the following receipt:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Bruise the <i>flowers</i>; and to two handfuls of these, add a pound
+  of hog's grease dried. Put it in a stone pot, covered with paper, and set
+  it in the sun or a warm place three or four days to melt. Take it out and
+  boil it a little; strain it out when hot; pressing it out very hard in a
+  press. To this grease add as many herbs as before, and repeat the whole
+  process, if you wish the ointment strong.&mdash;Yet this I tell you, the
+  fuller of juice the herbs are, the sooner will your ointment be strong;
+  the last time you boil it, boil it so long till your herbs be crisp, and
+  the juice consumed; then strain it, pressing it hard in a press; and to
+  every pound of ointment, add two ounces of turpentine, and as much
+  wax."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceridwen.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Coninger or Coningry, Coneygar or Conygre</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 182.
+  241. 368.).&mdash;There are many fields in the midland counties which
+  bear the name of <i>conigree</i>. In some instances they are in the
+  vicinity of manor-houses. The British name of a rabbit is
+  <i>cwningen</i>, plural <i>cwning</i>. That of a rabbit warren is
+  <i>cwning-gaer</i>, that is, literally, rabbits' camp. The term
+  <i>coneygar</i> is so like this, that it may be supposed to have been
+  derived from it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">N. W. S. (2)</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>It would be difficult to find a book better calculated to prove the
+  good service which the Camden Society is rendering to historical
+  literature, than the one which has just been circulated among its
+  members. The work, which is entitled <i>Letters and Papers of the Verney
+  Family down to the end of the year 1639. Printed from the original MSS.
+  in the possession of Sir Harry Verney, Bart., edited by</i> John Bruce,
+  Esq., Treas. S.&nbsp;A., is of direct historical value, although at the first
+  glance it would seem rather to illustrate the fortunes of the Verneys
+  than the history of the country. For, as the editor well
+  observes&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The most valuable materials, even for general history, are to be
+  found among the records of private and personal experience. More true
+  knowledge of the spirit of an age, more real acquaintance with the
+  feelings and actual circumstances of a people, may be gleaned from a
+  delineation of the affairs of a single family, than from studied
+  historical composition. The one is the expression of cotemporary and
+  spontaneous feeling, and, although limited, is unquestionably genuine;
+  the other is a deduction from knowledge, imperfect even when most
+  extensive, and too frequently coloured by the feelings and prejudices of
+  a subsequent and altered period."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>But, valuable as are the materials which the liberality of Sir Harry
+  Verney has placed at the disposal of the Society, it is obvious that they
+  are of a nature which a publisher might hesitate to produce, even if
+  their owner, which is very doubtful, had thought fit to place them in the
+  hands of one for that purpose. Hence the utility of a society which has
+  influence to draw from the muniment rooms of our old families, such
+  materials as those found in the present volume, and which, strung
+  together with the agreeable and instructive narrative with which Mr.
+  Bruce has accompanied them, will secure for the <i>Verney Papers</i> the
+  character of being one of the very best, as well as of the most amusing
+  books, which the Camden Society has given to the world. <!-- Page 442
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page442"></a>{442}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Having had an opportunity of being present at the private view of
+  Messrs. De la Motte and Cundall's <i>Photographic Institution</i>, in New
+  Bond Street, we were highly pleased with the interesting specimens of the
+  art there collected, which in our opinion far exceed any similar
+  productions which have come before the public. We strongly advise our
+  readers to visit this exhibition, that they may see the rapid progress
+  which the art is making, and how applicable it is to their archæological
+  pursuits.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received</span>.&mdash;<i>The Vale Royal of
+  England, or the County Palatine of Chester Illustrated. Abridged and
+  revised, &amp;c.</i>, by Thomas Hughes. The title-page of this little
+  volume puts forth its claim to the attention of Cheshire
+  antiquaries.&mdash;<i>The Family Shakspeare</i>, by Thomas Bowdler, Vol.
+  VI. This volume completes this handsome reprint of an edition of
+  Shakspeare, which fathers and brothers, who may scruple at bringing
+  before their daughters and sisters the blemishes which the character of
+  the age has left in Shakspeare's writings, may safely present to them; as
+  in it nothing is added to the original text, from which only those words
+  and expressions are omitted which cannot with propriety be read in a
+  family.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Tillotson</span>. Vols. I., II., IV., V., XI. 12mo. Tonson, London, 1748.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Livy</span>. Vol I. 12mo. Maittaire, London, 1722.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Annals and Magazine of Natural History</span>. Vols. I., II., III., IV., V., XIX., XX. 5<i>s.</i> each. The above in Parts or Monthly Numbers will do.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">The Aviary, or Magazine of British Melody.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">A Collection of Diverting Songs, Airs</span>, &amp;c.: Both published about the middle of last century.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Churchman's Sheet Almanac</span>: all the Years.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Gretton's Introduction To Translation</span>, &amp;c. Part II.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Views of Arundel House in the Strand</span>, 1646. London, published by T. Thane, Rupert Street, Haymarket. 1792.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Parker's Glossary of Architecture</span>. 2nd Edition.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Pickering's Statutes at Large</span>. 8vo. Edit. Camb. From 46 Geo. III. cap. 144. (Vol. XLVI. Part I.) to 1 Wm. IV.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">European Magazine</span>. Nos. for May, 1817; January, February, May, June, 1818; April, June, July, October, and December, 1819.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Stanhope's Paraphrase of Epistles and Gospels</span>. London, 1732. Vols. III. and IV.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">The Lawyer and Magistrate's Magazine</span>, complete, or single Volumes, <i>circa</i> 1805-1810.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Todd's Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology</span>.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Phelps' History and Antiquities of Somersetshire</span>. Part 4., and Parts 9. to end.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Bayle's Dictionary</span>. English Version, by <span class="sc">De Maizeaux</span>. London, 1738. Vols. I. and II.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Swift's (Dean) Works</span>. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 volumes 1768. Vol. I.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Transactions of the Microscopical Society of London</span>. Vol. I. and II.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Archæologia</span>. Vols. III., IV., V., VII. Boards.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Martyn's Plantæ Cantabrigienses</span>. 12mo. London, 1763.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>*** <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to
+  send their names.</i></p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Owing to a necessity for going to press this week at an unusually
+  early period, that the present Number might be included in the Monthly
+  Part, we are compelled to omit replies to many Correspondents.</i></p>
+
+  <p>L. A. M. (Great Yarmouth) <i>will find several Notes respecting the
+  means of discovering the bodies of the drowned in our</i> 4th Vol., pp.
+  148. 251. 297.</p>
+
+  <p>H. O. N. (Brighton). <i>In our own practice we have never obtained
+  pictures with the agreeable colour which is produced by the iodide of
+  silver, when iodide of ammonium has been used. The flaking of the
+  collodion would indicate an excess of iodide, and is often cured by the
+  addition of about twenty drops of alcohol to an ounce of collodion. The
+  feathery appearance is difficult to comprehend, without seeing a
+  specimen. If you are using glass which has been previously used, the most
+  minute remains of iron would cause a discoloration. Muriatic acid is the
+  most effectual remedy for cleaning glass so used. It may be procured
+  at</i> 2½d. <i>per lb., and should be diluted with three parts of
+  water.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">An Amateur</span> (Oxford). <i>We are not of opinion
+  that Mr. Talbot could restrain any one from taking collodion portraits,
+  as patentee of the Talbotype process. It is done in many parts of London
+  daily without any permission.&mdash;See </i>Times'<i> Advertisements,
+  &amp;c.</i></p>
+
+  <p>C. E. F. <i>We think you use too strong a solution of the
+  ammonio-nitrate of silver: thirty grains to the ounce of water, and then
+  redissolved with the strong liq. ammon., give to us most satisfactory
+  result,&mdash;the paper being prepared before with chloride of barium,
+  chloride of sodium, and chloride of ammonia, of each half a drachm to the
+  quart of water, in which half an ounce of mannite, or sugar of milk, has
+  been previously dissolved. When sufficiently printed, put it into the
+  hypo. sulph. solution, without previous immersion.</i></p>
+
+  <p>H. L. L. <i>We shall be happy to render you the best assistance we
+  can, if you will communicate with us again. For iodized paper we may
+  safely refer you to our advertising columns.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and
+  Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vi., <i>price Three Guineas, may now
+  be had; for which early application is desirable.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S construction,
+  Micrometers, Polarizing Apparatus, Object glasses, and Eye-pieces. S.
+  STRAKER supplies any of the above of the first quality, and will forward
+  by post free a new priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus.</p>
+
+  <p>162. FLEET STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.&mdash;if the readers of <span
+  class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>, who suffer from depression of
+  spirits, confusion, headache, blushing, groundless fears, unfitness for
+  business or society, blood to the head, failure of memory, delusions,
+  suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &amp;c., will call on, or correspond
+  with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of above 22,000 applicants, knows
+  not fifty uncured who have followed his advice, he will instruct them how
+  to get well, without a fee, and will render the same service to the
+  friends of the insane.&mdash;At home from 11 to 3.</p>
+
+  <p>18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>SPECTACLES.&mdash;WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a
+  Licentiate of the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a
+  Mathematician, and his practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's
+  Optometer, in the selection of Spectacles suitable to every derangement
+  of vision, so as to preserve the sight to extreme old age.</p>
+
+  <p>ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited
+  at the Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are
+  so constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the
+  surface of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely
+  removed; and a telescope so fitted give one-third more magnifying power
+  and light than could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the
+  various sizes on application to</p>
+
+  <p>WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>STEEL PENS.&mdash;PARTRIDGE &amp; COZEN'S STEEL PENS are the best;
+  made of the purest steel, all selected and warranted. Fine or medium
+  points, 1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> per box of twelve dozen; broad ditto,
+  1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; extra broad, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, a very easy
+  pen&mdash;will write with comfort on brown paper; correspondence pen,
+  1<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i> per box&mdash;this pen adapts itself to any hand.
+  P. &amp; C. are the original makers, and although there are many
+  imitations, it is still unequalled. Best magnum bonums, 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> per gross; silver pens, 1<i>s.</i>, and gold ditto, 2<i>s.</i>
+  each, warranted; patent holders, fit any pen, 6<i>d.</i> dozen, or
+  5<i>s.</i> gross. A liberal allowance to shippers and the trade. Samples
+  per post, on receipt of six stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>PARTRIDGE &amp; COZEN'S Cheap Stationery Warehouses, 127. and 128.
+  Chancery Lane.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>JUST PUBLISHED.&mdash;A CATALOGUE OF CURIOUS BOOKS, by J. CROZIER, 5.
+  New Turnstile, near Lincoln's Inn Fields, Holborn. Catalogues sent on
+  receipt of One Postage Stamp. <!-- Page 443 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page443"></a>{443}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PREPARING FOR IMMEDIATE PUBLICATION.</p>
+
+  <p><b>PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES:</b></p>
+
+  <p>Comprising Plain Directions for the Practice of Photography, including
+  the Collodion Process on Glass; the Paper and Wax-Paper Processes;
+  Printing from Glass and Paper Negatives, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>By DR. DIAMOND, F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>With Notes on the Application of Photography to Archæology,
+  &amp;c.,</p>
+
+  <p>By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>London: GEORGE BELL, 186, Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.&mdash;ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.</p>
+
+  <p>The spacious Plate Glass House, 30 feet by 15, with the Class Rooms
+  and Ladies' Apartment, being nearly completed. Classes or Private
+  Lessons, embracing all branches of Photography, will commence May 2nd,
+  1853, for Gentlemen, and May 3rd, for Ladies.</p>
+
+  <p>A perfect Apparatus with Ross's finest Lenses has been procured, and
+  every new improvement will be added.</p>
+
+  <p>The School will be under the joint direction of T.&nbsp;A. MALONE, Esq.,
+  who has been long connected with Photography, and J.&nbsp;H. PEPPER, Esq., the
+  Chemist to the Institution.</p>
+
+  <p>A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Just published, price 1<i>s.</i>, free by Post 1<i>s.</i>
+  4<i>d.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+  Translated from the French.</p>
+
+  <p>Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER &amp; SON'S
+  celebrated Lenses for Portraits and Views.</p>
+
+  <p>General Depôt for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Frères', La Croix, and
+  other Talbotype Papers.</p>
+
+  <p>Pure Photographic Chemicals.</p>
+
+  <p>Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>GEORGE KNIGHT &amp; SONS, Foster Lane, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.&mdash;Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's,
+  Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's
+  Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.</p>
+
+  <p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+  Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of
+  Silver)&mdash;J.&nbsp;B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the
+  first in England who published the application of this agent (see
+  <i>Athenæum</i>, Aug. 14th). Their Collodion (price 9<i>d.</i> per oz.)
+  retains its extraordinary sensitiveness, tenacity, and colour unimpaired
+  for months: it may be exported to any climate, and the Iodizing Compound
+  mixed as required. J.&nbsp;B. HOCKIN &amp; CO. manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and
+  all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements adapted for all the
+  Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for Developing in the
+  open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses from the best
+  Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL
+LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Established 1824.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum
+  of 131,125<i>l.</i> was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying
+  with the different ages from 24½ to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid
+  during the five years, or from 5<i>l.</i> to 12<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> per
+  cent. on the Sum Assured.</p>
+
+  <p>The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders
+  being now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the
+  benefits obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK
+  OF PARTNERSHIP.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the
+  next Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later
+  Assurers.</p>
+
+  <p>On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need
+  to be paid for the first five years.</p>
+
+  <p>INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.</p>
+
+  <p>Claims paid <i>thirty</i> days after proof of death, and all Policies
+  are <i>Indisputable</i> except in cases of fraud.</p>
+
+  <p>Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
+  Society's Agents, or of</p>
+
+  <p class="author">GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.</p>
+
+  <p class="address"><i>99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+  <p>Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p>
+      <p>G. H. Drew, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Evans, Esq.</p>
+      <p>W. Freeman, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. Fuller, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Hunt, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lucas, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Lys Seager, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. B. White, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Trustees.</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew,
+  Esq.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing
+  Cross.</p>
+
+  <p>VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  on the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="17%" class="nob" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left; width:57%">
+      <p>Age</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>£</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right; width:14%">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>17</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>14</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>22</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>27</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>4</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>32</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>10</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>37</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>18</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>42</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>8</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nob" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>2</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p>
+
+  <p>65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of
+  Parliament in 1834.&mdash;8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>HONORARY PRESIDENTS.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Earl of Courtown</p>
+      <p>Earl Leven and Melville</p>
+      <p>Earl of Norbury</p>
+      <p>Earl of Stair</p>
+      <p>Viscount Falkland</p>
+      <p>Lord Elphinstone</p>
+      <p>Lord Belhaven and Stenton</p>
+      <p>Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2">LONDON BOARD.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Chairman.</i>&mdash;Charles Graham, Esq.</p>
+      <p><i>Deputy-Chairman.</i>&mdash;Charles Downes, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>H. Blair Avarne, Esq.</p>
+      <p>E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., <i>Resident</i>.</p>
+      <p>C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.</p>
+      <p>William Fairlie, Esq.</p>
+      <p>D. Q. Henriques, Esq.</p>
+      <p>J. G. Henriques, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. C. Maitland, Esq.</p>
+      <p>William Railton, Esq.</p>
+      <p>F. H. Thomson, Esq.</p>
+      <p>Thomas Thorby, Esq.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>MEDICAL OFFICERS.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Physician.</i>&mdash;Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,</p>
+      <p>8. Bennett Street, St. James's.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>Surgeon.</i>&mdash;F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+  <p>The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is
+  as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<table width="50%" class="allb" summary="Bonus added to Policies" title="Bonus added to Policies">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center; width:20%" rowspan="2">
+      <p>Sum<br />
+      Assured</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center; width:20%" rowspan="2">
+      <p>Time<br />
+      Assured.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center" colspan="2">
+      <p>Sum added to<br />
+      Policy</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center; width:20%" rowspan="2">
+      <p>Sum<br /> Payable<br /> at
+      Death.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>In 1841.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>In 1848.</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><i>£&nbsp; &nbsp;</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:left">
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right; width:20%">
+      <p><i>£ &nbsp; s. d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right; width:20%">
+      <p><i>£ &nbsp; s. d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><i>£ &nbsp; s. d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>5000</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>14 years</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>683 &nbsp; 6 &nbsp;8&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>787 10 &nbsp;0&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>6470 16 &nbsp;8&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>* 1000</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>&nbsp; 7 years</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>-</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>157 10 &nbsp;0&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>1157 10 &nbsp;0&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>500</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>&nbsp; 1 year</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:center">
+      <p>-</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>11 &nbsp; 5 &nbsp;0&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="allb" style="text-align:right">
+      <p>511 &nbsp; 5 &nbsp;0&nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>* <span class="sc">Example.</span>&mdash;At the commencement of the
+  year 1841, a person aged thirty took out a Policy for 1000<i>l.</i>, the
+  annual payment for which is 24<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; in 1847 he
+  had paid in premiums 168<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 8<i>d.</i>; but the profits
+  being 2¼ per cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22<i>l.</i>
+  10<i>s.</i> per annum for each 1000<i>l.</i>) he had 157<i>l.</i>
+  10<i>s.</i> added to the Policy, almost as much as the premiums paid.</p>
+
+  <p>The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only
+  one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for
+  Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident
+  Director.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.&mdash;A Selection of the above beautiful
+  Productions may be seen at BLAND &amp; LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where
+  may also be procured Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals
+  for the practice of Photography in all its Branches.</p>
+
+  <p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical
+  Instrument Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. <!-- Page
+  444 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page444"></a>{444}</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Standard Library for May.</span></p>
+
+  <p>DE LOLME ON THE CONSTITUTION OF ENGLAND, or ACCOUNT of the ENGLISH
+  GOVERNMENT; edited, with Life and Notes, by JOHN MACGREGOR, M.P. Post
+  8vo., cloth 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Classical Library for May.</span></p>
+
+  <p>DIOGENES LAERTIUS, LIVES and OPINIONS of the ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS,
+  translated, with Notes, by C.&nbsp;D. YONGE, B.A. Post 8vo., cloth,
+  5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Illustrated Library for May.</span></p>
+
+  <p>NORWAY and its SCENERY, Comprising PRICE'S JOURNAL, with large
+  Additions, and a ROAD-BOOK. Edited by THOS. FORESTER, Esq., with 22
+  Illustrations, beautifully engraved on steel by Lucas. Post 8vo., cloth,
+  5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Scientific Library for April and
+  May.</span></p>
+
+  <p>HUMPHREY'S COIN COLLECTOR'S MANUAL: a Popular Introduction to the
+  Study of Coins, Ancient and Modern; with elaborate Indexes, and numerous
+  highly-finished Engravings on wood and steel. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth,
+  5<i>s.</i> per volume.</p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Bohn's Antiquarian Library for May.</span></p>
+
+  <p>PAULI'S LIFE OF ALFRED THE GREAT, translated from the German. To which
+  is appended, ALFRED'S ANGLO-SAXON VERSION of OROSIUS, with a Literal
+  English Translation interpaged, Notes, and an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and
+  Glossary, by B. THORPE, Esq. Post 8vo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Price One Shilling, post 8vo. in wrapper.</p>
+
+  <p>GERVINUS' INTRODUCTION to his HISTORY of the 19th CENTURY, translated
+  from the German, with a Memoir of the Author.</p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>KENNEDY'S SELECTIONS of CLASSICAL POETRY, being principally
+  Translations from English Poets. Post 8vo., cloth, 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, &amp; 6. York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MR. COLLIER'S NEW TEXT OF SHAKSPEARE.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, in one volume super-royal 8vo., 21<i>s.</i>, cloth gilt,
+  42<i>s.</i>, in morocco, by Hayday; handsomely printed in a clear
+  readable type, with portrait, vignette, and fac-simile,</p>
+
+  <p>THE PLAYS OF SHAKSPEARE. The Text regulated by the old copies, and by
+  the recently discovered folio of 1632; containing early manuscript
+  emendations. Edited by J. PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ., F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>WHITTAKER &amp; CO., Ave Maria Lane.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>MR. ARNOLD'S ELEMENTARY LATIN BOOKS.</p>
+
+  <p>In 12mo., price 3<i>s.</i>, a new edition of</p>
+
+  <p>HENRY'S FIRST LATIN BOOK.</p>
+
+  <p>*** The object of this Work (which is founded on the principles of
+  imitation and frequent repetition) is to enable the pupil to do exercises
+  from the first day of his beginning his Accidence. It is recommended by
+  the Oxford Diocesan Board of Education as an useful Work for Middle or
+  Commercial Schools; and adopted at the National Society's Training
+  College at Chelsea.</p>
+
+  <p>By THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and Late Fellow of
+  Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; and SIMPKIN,
+  MARSHALL, &amp; CO.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, by the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p>1. A SECOND LATIN BOOK and PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. Intended as a Sequel to
+  Henry's First Latin Book. Fifth Edition. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>2. A FIRST VERSE BOOK; being an easy Introduction to the Mechanism of
+  the Latin Hexameter and Pentameter. Fifth Edition. 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>3. COMPANION TO THE FIRST VERSE BOOK, containing additional Exercises.
+  1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>4. ECLOGÆ OVIDIANÆ; with ENGLISH NOTES, &amp;c. Eighth Edition.
+  2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> This Work is from the Fifth Part of the
+  "Lateinisches Elementarbuch" of Professors Jacobs and Döring, which has
+  an immense circulation on the Continent and in America.</p>
+
+  <p>5. ECLOGÆ OVIDIANÆ, Part II., containing Selections from the
+  "Metamorphoses." With ENGLISH NOTES. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>6. HISTORIÆ ANTIQUÆ EPITOME, from "Cornelius Nepos," "Justin," &amp;c.
+  With English Notes, Rules for Construing, Questions, Geographical Lists,
+  &amp;c. Fifth Edition. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>7. CORNELIUS NEPOS, Part I. With Critical Questions and Answers, and
+  an Imitative Exercise on each Chapter. Third Edition. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This day, Foolscap Octavo, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE POEMS OF GOETHE, Translated in the Original Metres. By EDGAR
+  ALFRED BOWRING. Preceded by a Sketch of Goethe's Life.</p>
+
+  <p>Also, translated by Mr. Bowring, 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE POEMS OF SCHILLER COMPLETE.</p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>The Twenty-eighth Edition.</p>
+
+  <p>NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing
+  Remarks on the influence of the Nerves upon the Health of Body and Mind,
+  and the means of Cure for Nervousness, Debility, Melancholy, and all
+  Chronic Diseases, by DR. NAPIER, M.D. London: HOULSTON &amp; STONEMAN.
+  Price 4<i>d.</i>, or Post Free from the Author for Five Penny Stamps.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"We can conscientiously recommend 'Neurotonics,' by Dr. Napier, to the
+  careful perusal of our invalid readers."&mdash;<i>John Bull Newspaper,
+  June 5, 1852</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and
+  Literary Remains.</p>
+
+  <p>The Annual General Meeting will be held at the Freemasons' Tavern,
+  Great Queen Street, on Monday, May 2nd, at 4 o'clock. The LORD
+  BRAYBROOKE, the President, in the Chair.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>The following are the Publications of the Society for the year
+  1852-53:</p>
+
+  <p>I. The Camden Miscellany, Volume the Second, containing:&mdash;1.
+  Account of the Expenses of John of Brabant, and Henry and Thomas of
+  Lancaster, 1292-3. 2. Household Account of the Princess Elizabeth 1551-2.
+  3. The Request and Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, written by William
+  Cholmeley, 1553. 4. Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell in
+  March, 1627-8. 5. Trelawny Papers; and 6. Autobiography of William
+  Taswell. D.D.</p>
+
+  <p>II. Letters and Papers of the Verney Family down to the end of the
+  year 1639. Printed from the original MSS. in the possession of Sir Harry
+  Verney, Bart. Edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Treas. S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>III. Regulæ Inclusarum: The Ancren Rewele: A treatise on the Rules and
+  Duties of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the 13th Century.
+  Edited by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln. (Nearly
+  ready.)</p>
+
+  <p>The Subscription to the Society is 1<i>l.</i> per annum, which becomes
+  due on the 1st of May.</p>
+
+  <p>Communications from Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members may be
+  addressed to the Secretary, or the MESSRS. NICHOLS, No. 25. Parliament
+  Street, Westminster, by whom the Subscriptions are received.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IN VOLUMES FOR THE POCKET, PRICE FIVE SHILLINGS EACH.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, in Six Volumes, fcp. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+  <p>BOWDLER'S FAMILY SHAKSPEARE. In which nothing is added to the Original
+  Text; but those Words and Expressions are <i>omitted</i> which cannot
+  with propriety be read aloud in a Family. A New Edition.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Also a LIBRARY EDITION, with 36 Wood Engravings, from Designs by
+  Smirke, Howard, and other Artists; complete in One Volume, 8vo., price
+  One Guinea.</p>
+
+  <p>London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, &amp; LONGMANS.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>This Day, Seventh Edition, revised, 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE.</p>
+
+  <p>By the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p>LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LECTURES ON THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD AND EVIL ANGELS.
+  3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>London: JOHN W. PARKER &amp; SON, West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Now publishing, in post 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>THE LEARNED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: being
+  an Account of their respective Origin, History, Objects, and
+  Constitution. By the REV. A. HUME, LL.D. With a SUPPLEMENT, containing
+  all the recently established Societies and Printing Clubs, and COMPLETE
+  LISTS OF THEIR PUBLICATIONS to the present Time, by A.&nbsp;I. EVANS. This
+  Work will be found of great utility to all Literary Men, Public
+  Libraries, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>G. WILLIS, Piazza, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, April 30.
+  1853.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 183, April
+30, 1853, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 30, 1853 ***
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+</body>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 183, April 30, 1853
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: October 2, 2008 [EBook #26753]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, APRIL 30, 1853 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{421}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 183.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 30. 1853.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                               Page
+
+  Proclamation of Henry VIII. against the Possession of
+  Religious Books, by Joseph Burtt                        421
+
+  Latin: Latiner                                          423
+
+  Inedited Poems, by W. Honeycombe                        424
+
+  Round Towers of the Cyclades                            425
+
+  Shakspeare Correspondence, by C. Mansfield Ingleby, &c. 426
+
+  General Monk and the University of Cambridge            427
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Curiosities of Railway Literature--
+  Cromwell's Seal--Rhymes upon Places--Tom Track's Ghost  427
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Jacob Bobart and his Dragon, &c., By H. T. Bobart       428
+
+  Bishop Berkeley's Portrait, by Dr. J. H. Todd           428
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Life--"The Boy of Heaven"--
+  Bells--Captain Ayloff--Robert Johnson--Selling a Wife--
+  Jock of Arden--Inigo Jones--Dean Boyle--Euphormio--
+  Optical Query--Archbishop King--Neal's Manuscripts--
+  Whence the Word "Cossack?"--Picts' Houses and Argils--
+  The Drummer's Letter--The Cardinal Spider--New England
+  Genealogical Society, &c.                               429
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Dr. John Harcliffe,
+  Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby--"Haulf Naked"     431
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  The Legend of Lamech: Hebrew Etymology, by H. Walter,
+  T. J. Buckton, and Joseph Rix                           432
+
+  Lord Coke's Charge to the Jury                          433
+
+  White Roses, by James Crossley                          434
+
+  Burial of Unclaimed Corpse                              435
+
+  Psalmanazar, by James Crossley                          435
+
+  Grafts and the Parent Tree                              436
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Glass Baths--Securing
+  Calotype Negatives                                      437
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Wood of the Cross--Bishops'
+  Lawn Sleeves--Inscriptions in Books--Lines
+  quoted by Charles Lamb--Parochial Libraries--Huet's
+  Navigations of Solomon--Derby Municipal
+  Seal--Annueller--Rev. Richard Midgley, Vicar of
+  Rochdale--Nose of Wax--Canongate Marriages--Sculptured
+  Emaciated Figures--Do the Sun's Rays
+  put out the Fire?--Spontaneous Combustion--Ecclesia
+  Anglicana--Wyle Cop--Chaucer--Campvere, Privileges
+  of--Sir Gilbert Gerard--Mistletoe--Wild
+  Plants and their Names--Coninger or Coningry            437
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                     441
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                            442
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                               442
+
+  Advertisements                                          442
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notes.
+
+PROCLAMATION OF HENRY VIII. AGAINST THE POSSESSION OF RELIGIOUS BOOKS.
+
+The progress of the Reformation in England must have been greatly affected
+by the extent to which the art of printing was brought to bear upon the
+popular mind. Before the charms of Anne Boleyn could have had much effect,
+or "doubts" had troubled the royal conscience, Wolsey had been compelled to
+forbid the introduction or printing of books and tracts calculated to
+increase the unsettled condition of the faith.
+
+The following proclamation, now for the first time printed, may have
+originated in the ineffectual result of the cardinal's directions. The
+readers of Strype and Fox will see that the threats which both contain were
+no idle ones, and that men were indeed "corrected and punisshed for theyr
+contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke
+trangressours."
+
+The list of books prohibited by the order of 1526 contains all those
+mentioned by name in the present proclamation, except the _Summary of
+Scripture_; and it will be seen that such full, general terms are used that
+no obnoxious production could escape, if brought to light. The _Revelation
+of Antichrist_ was written by Luther.
+
+Strype does not seem to have been aware of the existence of this particular
+proclamation, which was issued in the year 1530. Under the year 1534
+(_Ecclesiastical Memorials, &c._, Oxford, 1822, vol. i. part i. p. 253.),
+he thus refers to what he thought to be the first royal proclamation upon
+the subject:
+
+    "Much light was let in among the common people by the New Testament and
+    other good books in English, which, for the most part being printed
+    beyond sea, were by stealth brought into England, and dispersed here by
+    well-disposed men. For the preventing the importation and using of
+    these books, the king this year issued out a strict proclamation, by
+    the petition of the clergy now met in Convocation, in the month of
+    December.
+
+    "Nor was this the first time such books were prohibited to be brought
+    in: for us small quantities of them were secretly conveyed into these
+    parts from time to time, for the discovering, in that dark age, the
+    {422} gross papal innovations, as well in the doctrine of the Sacrament
+    as in image-worship, addressing to saints, purgatory, pilgrimages, and
+    the like.
+
+    "A previous order (in the year 1526) was issued by the Bishop of
+    London, by the instigation of Cardinal Wolsey, calling in all English
+    translations of the Scripture. And other books of this nature were then
+    forbid."
+
+This proclamation, therefore, well merits preservation in your pages, as
+one of the hitherto unknown "evidences" of the terrible and trying times to
+which it refers.
+
+It shows, too, the value of the class of papers upon which the Society of
+Antiquaries are bestowing so much attention. The original was found among a
+miscellaneous collection in the Chapter House, Westminster.
+
+JOSEPH BURTT.
+
+    A PROCLAMATION.
+
+    ... nse Junii Anno regni metuendissimi Domini nostri Regis Henrici
+    Octavi xxij.
+
+        A PROCLAMATION, made and divysed by the Kyngis Highnes, with the
+        advise of His Honorable Counsaile, for dampning of erronious bokes
+        and heresies, and prohibitinge the havinge of Holy Scripture
+        translated into the vulgar tonges of englische, frenche, or duche,
+        in suche maner as within this proclamation is expressed.
+
+    The Kinge, oure most dradde soveraigne lorde, studienge and providynge
+    dayly for the weale, benefite, and honour of this his most [n]oble
+    realme, well and evidently perceiveth, that partly through the
+    malicious suggestion of our gostly enemy, partly by the yvell and
+    perverse inclination and sedicious disposition of sundry persons,
+    divers heresies and erronio[us] [o]pinions have ben late sowen and
+    spredde amonge his subjectes of this his said realme, by blasphemous
+    and pestiferous englishe bokes, printed in other regions and sent into
+    this realme, to the entent as well to perverte and withdrawe the people
+    from the catholike and true fayth of Christe, as also to stirre and
+    incense them to sedition and disobedience agaynst their princes,
+    soveraignes, and heedes, as also to cause them to contempne and neglect
+    all good lawes, customes, and vertuous maners, to the final subversion
+    and desolacion of this noble realme, if they myght have prevayled
+    (which God forbyd) in theyr most cursed [p]ersuasions and malicious
+    purposes. Where upon the kynges hignes (_sic_), by his incomparable
+    wysedome, forseinge and most prudently considerynge, hath invited and
+    called to hym the primates of this his gracis realme, and also a
+    sufficient nombre of discrete, vertuous, and well-lerned personages in
+    divinite, as well of either of the universites, Oxforde and Cambrige,
+    as also hath chosen and taken out of other parties of his realme;
+    gyvinge unto them libertie to speke and declare playnly their advises,
+    judgmentes, and determinations, concernynge as well the approbation or
+    rejectynge of suche bokes as be in any parte suspected, as also the
+    admission and divulgation of the Olde and Newe Testament translated
+    into englishe. Wher upon his highnes, in his owne royall person,
+    callynge to hym the said primates and divines, hath seriously and
+    depely, with great leisure and longe deliberation, consulted, debated,
+    inserched, and discussed the premisses: and finally, by all their free
+    assentes, consentes, and agrementes, concluded, resolved, and
+    determyned, that these bokes ensuynge, that is to say, the boke
+    entitled the wicked Mammona, the boke named the Obedience of a Christen
+    Man, the Supplication of Beggars, and the boke called the Revelation of
+    Antichrist, the Summary of Scripture, and divers other bokes made in
+    the englisshe tonge, and imprinted beyonde y^e see, do conteyne in them
+    pestiferous errours and blasphemies; and for that cause, shall from
+    hensforth be reputed and taken of all men, for bokes of heresie, and
+    worthy to be dampned, and put in perpetuall oblivion. The kingis said
+    highnes therfore straitly chargeth and commandeth, all and every his
+    subjectes, of what astate or condition so ever he or they be, as they
+    wyll avoyde his high indignacion and most grevous displeasure, that
+    they from hensforth do not bye, receyve, or have, any of the bokes
+    before named, or any other boke, beinge in the englisshe tonge, and
+    printed beyonde the see, of what matter so ever it be, or any copie
+    written, drawen out of the same, or the same bokes in the frenche or
+    duche tonge. And to the entent that his highnes wylbe asserteyned, what
+    nombre of the said erronious bokes shal be founde from tyme to tyme
+    within this his realme, his highnes therfore chargeth and commaundeth,
+    that all and every person or persones, whiche hath or herafter shall
+    have, any boke or bokes in the englisshe tonge, printed beyonde the
+    see, as is afore written, or any of the sayde erronious bokes in the
+    frenche or duche tonge: that he or they, within fyftene dayes nexte
+    after the publisshynge of this present proclamation, do actually
+    delyver or sende the same bokes and every of them to the bisshop of the
+    diocese, wherin he or they dwelleth, or to his commissary, or els
+    before good testimonie, to theyr curate or parisshe preest, to be
+    presented by the same curate or parisshe preest to the sayd bisshop or
+    his commissary. And so doynge, his highnes frely pardoneth and
+    acquiteth them, and every of them, of all penalties, forfaitures, and
+    paynes, wherin they have incurred or fallen, by reason of any statute,
+    acte, ordinaunce, or proclamation before this tyme made, concernynge
+    any offence or transgression by than commytted or done, by or for the
+    kepynge or holdynge of the sayde bokes.
+
+    Forseen and provided alwayes, that they from hensforth truely do
+    observe, kepe, and obey this {423} his present gracis proclamation and
+    commaundement. Also his highnes commaundeth all mayres, sheriffes,
+    bailliffes, constables, bursholders, and other officers and ministers
+    within this his realme, that if they shall happen by any meanes or
+    wayes to knowe that any person or persons do herafter bye, receyve,
+    have, or deteyne any of the sayde erronious bokes, printed or written
+    anywhere, or any other bokes in englisshe tonge printed beyonde the
+    see, or the saide erronious bokes printed or written in the frenche or
+    duche tonge, contrarie to this present proclamation, that they beinge
+    therof well assured, do immediatly attache the said person or persons,
+    and brynge hym or them to the kynges highnes and his most honorable
+    counsayle; where they shalbe corrected and punisshed for theyr
+    contempte and disobedience, to the terrible example of other lyke
+    transgressours.
+
+    Moreover his highnes commaundeth, that no maner of person or persons
+    take upon hym or them to printe any boke or bokes in englisshe tonge,
+    concernynge holy scripture, not before this tyme printed within this
+    his realme, untyll suche tyme as the same boke or bokes be examyned and
+    approved by the ordinary of the diocese where the said bokes shalbe
+    printed: And that the printer therof, upon every of the sayde bokes
+    beinge so examyned, do sette the name of the examynour or examynours,
+    with also his owne name, upon the saide bokes, as he will answere to
+    the kynges highnes at his uttermost peryll.
+
+    And farthermore, for as moche as it is come to the herynge of our sayde
+    soveraigne lorde the kynge, that reporte is made by dyvers and many of
+    his subjectes, that it were to all men not onely expedyent, but also
+    necessarye, to have in the englisshe tonge bothe the newe testament and
+    the olde, and that his highnes, his noble men, and prelates, were
+    bounden to suffre them so to have it: His highnes hath therfore
+    semblably there upon consulted with the sayde primates ... discrete,
+    and well lerned personages, in divinite forsayde, and by them all it is
+    thought, that it is not necessary th ... to be in the englisshe tonge,
+    and in the handes of the commen people; but that the distrib ... the
+    said scripture ... denyenge therof dependeth onely upon the discretion
+    of the superiours, as ... to the malignite of this present tyme, with
+    the inclination of the people to erroni ... the olde in to the vulgare
+    tonge of englysshe, shulde rather be the occasyon of ... people, than
+    any benfyte or commodite to warde the weale of their soules. And ... e
+    have the holy scripture expouned to them by preachers in theyr sermons,
+    ac ... this tyme, All be it if it shall here after appere to the kynges
+    highnes, that his sa ... rse, erronious, and sedicious opinyons, with
+    the newe testment and the olde, corrup ... ge in printe: And that the
+    same bokes and all other bokes of heresye, as well ... termynate and
+    exiled out of this realme of Englande for ever: his highnes e ... great
+    lerned and catholyke persones, translated in to the englisshe tonge, if
+    it sha[ll] than seme t ... conv ... his highnes at this tyme, by the
+    hoole advise and full determination of all the said primates, and ...
+    discrete and subs ... lerned personages of both universites, and other
+    before expressed, and by the assent of his nobles and others of his
+    moste hon[orab]le Counsayle, wylleth and straytly commaundeth, that all
+    and every person and persones, of what astate, degre, or condition so
+    ever he or they be, whiche hath the newe testament or the olde
+    translated in to englysshe, or any other boke of holy scripture so
+    translated, beynge in printe, or copied out of the bokes nowe beinge in
+    printe, that he or they do immediatly brynge the same boke or bokes, or
+    cause the same to be broughte to the bysshop of the dyocese where he
+    dwelleth, or to the handes of other the sayde persones, at the daye
+    afore limytted, in fourme afore expressed and mencioned, as he wyll
+    avoyde the kynges high indignation and displeasure. And that no person
+    or persons from hensforth do bye, receyve, kepe, or have the newe
+    testament or the olde in the englisshe tonge, or in the frenche or
+    duche tonge, excepte suche persones as be appoynted by the kinges
+    highnes and the bisshops of this his realme, for the correction or
+    amending of the said translation, as they will answere to the kynges
+    highnes at theyr uttermost perils, and wyll avoyde suche punisshement
+    as they, doynge contrary to the purport of this proclamation shall
+    suffre, to the dredefull example of all other lyke offenders.
+
+    And his highnes further commaundeth, that all suche statutes, actes and
+    ordinances, as before this tyme have been made and enacted, as well in
+    y^e tyme of his moste gracious reigne, as also in the tyme of his noble
+    progenitours, concernying heresies, and havynge and deteynynge
+    erronyous bokes, contrary and agynst the faythe catholyke, shall
+    immediatly be put in effectuall and due execution over and besyde this
+    present proclamation.
+
+    And god save the kynge.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    THO. BERTHELETUS, Regius impressor excusit.
+    Cum privilegio.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LATIN--LATINER.
+
+It is interesting to note the great variety of significations in which the
+word Latin has been used. Sometimes it means Italian, sometimes Spanish,
+sometimes the Romance language. Again, it has been used as synonymous with
+language, learning, discourse; or to express that a matter is plain and
+intelligible. {424}
+
+Muratori, in describing the "Cangiamento dell' Lingua Latina nella volgare
+Italiana," observes,--
+
+    "Cosi a poco a poco il volgo di questa bella Provincia [Italia], oltre
+    adottare moltissimi vocaboli forestieri, ando ancora alterando i
+    proprj, cioe i Latini, cambiando le terminazioni delle parole,
+    accorciandole, allungandole, e corrompendole. In somma se ne formo un
+    nuovo Linguaggio, che _Volgare_ si appellava, perche usato dal _Volgo
+    d'Italia._"--Muratori, _Della Perfetta Poesia Italiana_, tomo i. p. 6.,
+    ed. Venez., 1730.
+
+So Boccaccio, giving an account of the intention of his poem, the
+"Teseide," writes,--
+
+ "Ma tu, o libro, primo al lor cantare
+  Di Marte fai gli affanni sostenuti,
+  Nel _vulgar latino_ mai non veduti,"
+
+where, as in the letter to La Fiammetta, prefixed to this poem, _vulgar
+latino_ is evidently Italian ("Trovata una antichissima storia ... in
+_latino volgare_ ... ho ridotta"), and not the Provencal tongue, as Mr.
+Craik suggests in his _Literature and Learning in England_, vol. ii. p.
+48., where he supposes Boccaccio to have translated _from_, and not, as is
+clear, _into_, _latino volgare_.
+
+Dante repeatedly uses Latino for Italiano, as in _Purgatorio_, xi. 58.:
+
+ "Io fui Latino, e nato d'un gran Tosco."
+
+And in _Inf._ xxii. 65.:
+
+ "Conosci tu alcun, che sia Latino."
+
+In _Paradiso_, iii. 63.,
+
+ "Si che il raffigurar m' e piu _latino_,"
+
+_latino_ evidently means easy, clear, plain. "Forse contrario di barbaro,
+strano," says Volpi, "noi Lombardi in questo significato diciamo _ladin_."
+The "discreto latino" of Thomas Aquinas, elsewhere in _Paradiso_ (xii.
+144.), must mean "sage discourse." Chaucer, when he invokes the muse, in
+the proeme to the second book of "Troilus and Creseide," only asks her for
+rhyme, because, saith he,--
+
+ "Of no sentement I this endite,
+  But out of _Latine_ in my tongue it write."
+
+Where "Latine," of course, means Boccaccio's _Filostrato_, from which
+Chaucer's poem is taken.
+
+In the "Poema del Cid," _latinado_ seems to mean person conversant with the
+Spanish or Romance language of the period:
+
+ "Quando esta falsedad dicien los de Carrion,
+  Un Moro _Latinado_ bien gelo entendio."--v. 2675.
+
+Mr. Ticknor remarks, that when the Christian conquests were pushed on
+towards the south of Spain, the Moors, who remained inclosed in the
+Christian population, and spoke or assumed its language, were originally
+called _Moros Latinados_; and refers to the _Cronica General_, where,
+respecting Alfaraxi, a Moor, afterwards converted, and a counsellor of the
+Cid, it is said he was "de tan buen entendimento, e era tan _ladino_ que
+semejava Christiano."--Ticknor, _Hist. Span. Lit._, iii. 347.
+
+Cervantes (_Don Q._ Parte I. cap. xli.) uses _ladino_ to mean Spanish:
+
+    "Servianos de interprete a las mas destas palabras y razones el padre
+    de Zoraida como mas _ladino_."
+
+Latin, in fact, was so much _the_ language as to become almost synonymous
+with _a_ language. So a _Latiner_ was an interpreter, as it is very well
+expressed in Selden's _Table Talk_, art. "Language":
+
+    "Latimer is the corruption of _Latiner_: it signifies he that
+    interprets Latin; and though he interpreted French, Spanish, or
+    Italian, he was the king's Latiner, that is, the king's interpreter."
+
+This use of the word is well illustrated in the following extracts:
+
+ "A Knight ther language lerid in youth;
+  Breg hight that Knight, born Bretoun,
+  That lerid the language of Sessoun.
+  This Breg was the _Latimer_,
+  What scho said told Vortager."--Robert de Brunne's _Metrical Chronicle._
+
+ "Par soen demein _latinier_
+      .    .    .    .
+  Icil Morice iert _latinier_
+  Al rei Dermot, ke mult l'out cher."--_Norman-French Chronicle of Conquest
+      of Ireland_, edited by F. Michel (as quoted in Wright's _Essays_,
+      vol. ii. p. 215.).
+
+I here conclude, as I must not seek to monopolise space required for more
+valuable contributions.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+Tunbridge Wells.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INEDITED POEMS.
+
+I send you two poems which I have found in a little rough scrap-book of a
+literary character of last century, and which, not having myself met with
+in print, I trust you will consider worth preserving in your pages. The one
+styled "A Scotch Poem on the King and the Queen of the Fairies," has a vein
+of playful satire running through it, but I do not detect any word which
+justifies the ascription of its paternity to Scotland. Perhaps some of your
+readers would oblige me by indicating the source from which this poem has
+been taken, if it is already in print.
+
+A SCOTCH POEM ON THE KING AND THE QUEEN OF THE FAIRIES.
+
+  Upon a time the Fairy Elves,
+  Being first array'd themselves,
+  Thought it meet to clothe their King
+  In robes most fit for revelling.
+
+  He had a cobweb shirt more thin
+  Than ever spider since could spin,
+  Bleach'd in the whiteness of the snow,
+  When that the northern winds do blow.
+
+  {425}
+  A rich waistcoat they did him bring,
+  Made of the troutfly's golden wing,
+  Dy'd crimson in a maiden's blush,
+  And lin'd in humming-bees' soft plush.
+
+  His hat was all of lady's love,
+  So passing light, that it would move
+  If any gnat or humming fly
+  But beat the air in passing by.
+
+  About it went a wreath of pearl,
+  Dropt from the eyes of some poor girl,
+  Pinch'd because she had forgot
+  To leave clean water in the pot.
+
+  His breeches and his cassock were
+  Made of the tinsel gossamer;
+  Down by its seam there went a lace
+  Drawn by an urchin snail's slow pace.
+
+  No sooner was their King attir'd
+    As never prince had been,
+  But, as in duty was requir'd,
+    They next array their Queen.
+
+  Of shining thread shot from the sun
+    And twisted into line,
+  In the light wheel of fortune spun,
+    Was made her smock so fine.
+
+  Her gown was ev'ry colour fair,
+    The rainbow gave the dip;
+  Perfumed from an amber air,
+    Breath'd from a virgin's lip.
+
+  Her necklace was of subtle tye
+    Of glorious atoms, set
+  In the pure black of beauty's eye
+    As they had been in jet.
+
+  The revels ended, she put off,
+    Because her Grace was warm;
+  She fann'd her with a lady's scoff,
+    And so she took no harm.
+
+Mrs. Barbauld wrote the following lines on a scroll within a kind of
+wreath, which hung over the chimney, the whole parlour being decorated with
+branches of ivy, which were made to run down the walls and hang down every
+pannel in festoons, at a country place called Palgrave:
+
+  Surly Winter, come not here,
+  Bluster in thy proper sphere;
+  Howl along the naked plain;
+  There exert they joyless reign.
+  Triumph o'er the wither'd flow'r,
+  The leafless shrub, the ruin'd bower;
+  But our cottage come not near,
+  Other Springs inhabit here,
+  Other sunshine decks our board
+  Than they niggard skies afford.
+  Gloomy Winter, hence away,
+  Love and fancy scorn they sway;
+  Love, and joy, and friendly mirth
+  Shall bless this roof, these walls, this hearth,
+  The rigor of the year control,
+  And thaw the winter in the soul.
+
+WILL. HONEYCOMBE.
+
+Liverpool.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROUND TOWERS OF THE CYCLADES.
+
+On Friday evening, Nov. 19, 1852, a lecture was delivered before the
+members of the Literary and Scientific Institute of this island, by Capt.
+Graves, R.N., from which I have been permitted to take the following
+extract. The information contained in it, will doubtless be the more
+interesting to many of the reader of "N. & Q.," when informed that the
+round towers of Greece are fast disappearing; either from being pulled down
+for the erection of dwellings, or to be burnt into lime, by the Greeks who
+dwell in their neighbourhood. What the original dimensions of these towers
+may have been in ancient times, or for what purposes they were erected, are
+alike unknown; but their present proportions are as follow, and drawn by
+the learned lecturer from personal observation:
+
+                                                      Feet.  In.
+  "A. Andros, near the port                Height      60     0
+
+   B. Zea overlooking Perses Bay         { Height       5     5
+                                         { Diameter    26     6
+                                         { Wall         2     0
+
+   C. Thermia                            { Height      11     0
+                                         { Diameter    28     5
+
+   D. Serpho                             { Height      15     0
+                                         { Diameter    27     0
+
+   E. Beach of Port Pharos               { Height       7     0
+                                         { Diameter    31     8
+                                         { Wall         2     6
+
+   F. Hillock, west side of Pharos       { Height      16     6
+                                         { Diameter    42    10
+                                         { Wall         3     0
+
+   G. Village of Herampili               { Height      15     8
+                                         { Diameter    38     3
+                                         { Wall    4 to 2     6
+
+   H. Valley beyond villages             { Height      11    10
+                                         { Diameter    33     5
+                                         { Wall         4     0
+
+   J. Short distance west of Mount Elias { Height       6     0
+                                         { Diameter    24     7
+                                         { Wall         5     0
+
+   K. Between Elias and west coast       { Height       6     6
+                                         { Diameter    28     0
+                                         { Wall         4     0
+
+   L. Naxos, south-east end of the island  Height      50     0
+
+   M. Paros, north, port Naussa.
+        Of this tower only a few
+        courses of the stones are
+        left. It is however supposed
+        to have been of
+        the same dimensions as
+        that of Naxos."
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{426}
+
+SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Songs and Rimes of Shakspeare._--I find in Mr. J. P. Collier's _History of
+Dramatic Poetry_ (a work replete with dramatic lore and anecdote) the
+following note in p. 275., vol. iii.:
+
+    "The Mitre and the Mermaid were celebrated taverns, which the poets,
+    wits, and gallants were accustomed to visit. Mr. Thorpe, the
+    enterprising bookseller of Bedford Street, is in possession of a
+    manuscript full of songs and poems, in the handwriting of a person of
+    the name of Richard Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and
+    including many unpublished pieces, by a variety of celebrated poets.
+    One of the most curious is a song in five seven-line stanzas, thus
+    headed: 'Shakespeare's Rime, which he made at the Mytre in Fleete
+    Streete.' It begins: 'From the rich Lavinian shore;' and some few of
+    the lines were published by Playford, and set as a catch. Another
+    shorter piece is called in the margin,--
+
+             'SHAKESPEARE'S RIME.
+
+      Give me a cup of rich Canary wine,
+      Which was the Mitres (drink) and now is mine;
+      Of which had Horace and Anacreon tasted,
+      Their lives as well as lines till now had lasted.'
+
+    "I have little doubt," adds Mr. Collier, "that the lines are genuine,
+    as well as many other songs and poems attributed to Ben Jonson, Sir W.
+    Raleigh, H. Constable, Dr. Donne, J. Sylvester, and others."
+
+Who was the purchaser of this precious MS.? In this age of Shakspearian
+research, when every newly discovered relic is hailed with intense delight,
+may I inquire of some of your numerous readers, who seem to take as much
+delight as myself in whatever concerns our great dramatist and his
+writings, whether they can throw any light upon the subject?
+
+    Again: "A peculiar interest," Mr. Collier says, "attaches to one of the
+    pieces in John Dowland's _First Book of Songs_ (p. 57.), on account of
+    the initials of 'W. S.' being appended to it, in a manuscript of the
+    time preserved in the Hamburgh City Library. It is inserted in
+    _England's Helicon_, 4to., 1600, as from Dowland's _Book of Tablature_,
+    without any name or initials; and looking at the character and language
+    of the piece, it is at least not impossible that it was the work of our
+    great dramatist, to whom it has been assigned by some continental
+    critics. A copy of it was, many years ago, sent to the author by a
+    German scholar of high reputation, under the conviction that the poem
+    ought to be included in any future edition of the works of Shakspeare.
+    It will be admitted that the lines are not unworthy of his pen; and,
+    from the quality of other productions in the same musical work, we may
+    perhaps speculate whether Shakspeare were not the writer of some other
+    poems there inserted. If we were to take it for granted, that a sonnet
+    in _The Passionate Pilgrim_, 1599, was by Shakspeare, because it is
+    there attributed to him, we might be sure that he was a warm admirer of
+    Dowland,
+
+                 'whose heavenly touch
+      Upon the lute doth ravish human sense.'
+
+    However, it is more than likely, that the sonnet in which this passage
+    is found was by Barnfield, and not by Shakspeare: it was printed by
+    Barnfield in 1598, and reprinted by him in 1605, notwithstanding the
+    intermediate appearance of it in _The Passionate Pilgrim_."
+
+May I inquire if any new light has been thrown upon this disputed song
+since the publication of Mr. Collier's _Lyric Poems_ in 1844?
+
+The song is addressed to Cynthia, and, as Mr. Collier says, is not unworthy
+of Shakspeare's muse. As it is not of any great length, perhaps it may be
+thought worthy of insertion in "N. & Q."
+
+             "TO CYNTHIA.
+
+ "My thoughts are wing'd with hopes, my hopes with love;
+    Mount, love, unto the moone in cleerest night,
+  And say, as she doth in the heavens move,
+    In earth so wanes and waxes my delight:
+  And whisper this, but softly, in her eares,
+  Hope oft doth hang the head, and trust shed teares.
+
+ "And you, my thoughts, that some mistrust do cary,
+    If for mistrust my mistresse do you blame,
+  Say, though you alter, yet you do not vary,
+    As she doth change, and yet remaine the same.
+  Distrust doth enter hearts, but not infect,
+  And love is sweetest season'd with suspect.
+
+ "If she for this with cloudes do maske her eyes,
+    And make the heavens darke with her disdaine,
+  With windie sighes disperse them in the skies,
+    Or with the teares dissolve them into rain.
+  Thoughts, hopes, and love return to me no more,
+  Till Cynthia shine as she hath done before."
+
+J. M. G.
+
+Worcester.
+
+_Mr. Collier's "Notes and Emendations:" Passage in "All's Well that Ends
+Well."_--
+
+             "O you leaden messengers,
+  That ride upon the violent speed of fire,
+  Fly with false aim; move the still-peering air,
+  That sings with piercing, do not touch my lord!"
+
+Such is the text of the first folio. MR. PAYNE COLLIER, at p. 162. of his
+_Notes and Emendations_, informs us that the old corrector of his folio of
+1632 reads _volant_ for "violent," _wound_ for "move," and _still-piecing_
+for "still-peering."
+
+Two of these substitutions are easily shown to be correct. In the
+_Tempest_, Act III. Sc. 3., we read:
+
+                     "The elements,
+  Of whom your swords are tempered, may as well
+  _Wound the loud winds, or with bemockt-at stabs_
+  _Kill the still-closing waters_."
+
+What is _still-closing_ but _still-piecing_, the silent reunion after
+severance? What is to _wound the loud winds_ but to _wound the air that
+sings with piercing_?
+
+But as to the third substitution, I beg permission through your pages to
+enter a _caveat_. If {427} we had no proof from the text of Shakspeare that
+_violent_ is the correct reading, I fancy that any reader's common sense
+would tell him that it is more an appropriate and trenchant term than
+_volant_. "What judgment would _stoop_ from this to this?" _Volant_,
+moreover, is not English, but French, and as such is used in _Henry V._;
+but happily, in this case, we have most abundant evidence from the text of
+Shakspeare that he wrote _violent_ in the above passage. In _Henry VIII._,
+Act I. Sc. 1., we have the passage,
+
+                 "We may outrun,
+  By _violent swiftness_, that which we run at,
+  And lose by over-running."
+
+In _Othello_, Act III. Sc. 3., we have the passage,
+
+ "Even so my bloody thoughts, with _violent pace_,
+  Shall ne'er look back."
+
+These passages prove that _violent_ is a true Shakspearian epithet for
+_velocity_. But how exquisitely appropriate is the epithet when applied to
+the velocity of a ball issuing from the mouth of a cannon: and here we have
+full confirmation from _Romeo and Juliet_, Act V. Sc. 1., where we read:
+
+ "As _violently_ as hasty powder fir'd
+  Doth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb."
+
+I trust that MR. COLLIER will not, in the teeth of such evidence,
+substitute _volant_ for _violent_ in correcting the text of his forthcoming
+edition.
+
+C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GENERAL MONK AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
+
+A document has recently come into my possession which may perhaps be deemed
+worth preserving in the pages of "N. & Q." It is a letter from the
+University of Cambridge to General Monk, and, from the various corrections
+which occur in it, it has every appearance of being the original draft.
+Unfortunately it is not dated; but there can, I presume, be little doubt of
+its having been written shortly before the assembling of the parliament in
+April, 1660, which led to the Restoration, and in which Monk sat as member
+for the county of Devon. The words erased in the original are here placed
+between parentheses, and those substituted are given in Italics:
+
+        My Lord,
+
+    As it hath pleased God to make your Excell^{cie} eminently instrumental
+    for the raising up of three gasping and dying nations, into the faire
+    hopes and prospect of peace and settlement, so hath He engraven you (r
+    name) in characters of gratitude upon the hearts of all (true) _to_
+    who_m_ (cordially wish) the welfare of _this_ church and state (are)
+    _is_ deare and pretious. (Out) From this principle it is that our
+    University of Cambridge hath, with great alacrity and unanimity, made
+    choyse of your Excellency with whom to deposite the(ire) managing of
+    theire concernments in the succeeding Parl^t, w^{ch}, if your
+    Excell^{cy} shall please to admitt into a favourable (interpretation)
+    _acceptance_, (you will thereby) you will thereby (add) _put_ a further
+    obligation of gratitude upon us all; w^{ch} none shalbe more ready to
+    expresse than he who is
+
+      Your Excell^{cies} most humble serv^t,
+                  W. D.
+
+    [Endorsed]
+    To the L^d General Monk.
+
+Who was "W. D."? Was he the then Vice-Chancellor?
+
+LEICESTRIENSIS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Curiosities of Railway Literature._--Has "Bradshaw" had any reviewers? If
+not, an example or two from this neighbourhood, of the absurdities which
+reappear month after month in the time-tables, may show the necessity of
+them. A Midland train proposes to leave Gloucester at 12.40 p.m., and reach
+Cheltenham at 1 p.m. The Great Western Company advertise an express train,
+on the _very same line_, to leave two minutes _later_ and arrive five
+minutes _earlier_. It is therefore obvious, that if these trains were to
+keep their proper time, the express must run into the slow coach in front.
+The Great Western Railway Company have also, in a very unassuming manner,
+been advertising a feat hitherto unparalleled in the annals of railway
+speed,--the mail from Cheltenham at 8.20 a.m. to leave Gloucester at 8.27;
+that is to say, seven miles, including starting, slackening speed at two or
+three "crossings," stopping, starting again, all in seven minutes! Let the
+narrow gauge beat this if it can.
+
+H. H.
+
+Gloucester.
+
+_Cromwell's Seal._--I am in possession of a fine seal; it is a beautiful
+engraving of the head of Oliver Cromwell, and was once his property: he
+presented it to a favourite officer, whose nephew, to whom it was
+bequeathed, gave it to the father of the lady from whom I received it a few
+years ago. Thus I am in the singular position of being the _fifth_ holder
+of it from the Protector.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Rhymes upon Places._--Buckinghamshire:
+
+ "Brill upon the Hill,
+    Oakley in the Hole,
+  Shabby little Ickford,
+    Dirty Worminghall."
+
+H. T.
+
+Ingatestow.
+
+_Tom Track's Ghost._--The following piece of metrical romance has dwelt in
+my memory as long {428} as I have been able to remember. I have never seen
+it in print, nor heard it, at least for some years, from any one else; and
+have not been able to discover who wrote it:
+
+ "Tom Track he came from Buenos Ayres;
+  And now, thought I, for him who cares:
+  But soon his coming wrought me woe;
+  He misled Poll,--as you shall know.
+  All in the togs that I had bought,
+  With that ere Tom she did consort,
+  Which gave my feelings great concern,
+  And caused a row,--as you shall learn.
+  So then challenge Tom I did;
+  We met, shook hands, and took a quid;
+  I shot poor Tom.--The worse for me;
+  It brought his ghost,--as you shall see.
+  Says he, 'I'm Tom Track's ghost, that's flat.'
+  Says I, 'Now only think on that.'
+  Says he, 'I'm come to torment you now;'
+  Which was hard lines,--as you'll allow.
+ 'So, Master Ghost, belay your jaw;
+  For if on me you claps a claw,
+  My locker yonder will reveal,
+  A tight rope's end, which you shall feel.'
+  Then off his winding-sheet he throwed,
+  And by his trousers Tom I knowed;
+  He wasn't dead; but come to mess,
+  So here's an end,--as you may guess."
+
+The _implicatio_, the _agnitio_, and the _peripetia_ are so well worked
+out, that Aristotle would, I think, be compelled to admit it as an almost
+perfect specimen of that most ancient kind of drama which was recited by
+one actor. I refer especially to C. XXII. of the _Poetics_, which says,
+that that _agnitio_ is most beautiful which is joined with the _peripetia_,
+of which here we have so striking an example. These reasons embolden me to
+ask if it be worth preserving in "N. & Q," and who was the author?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+JACOB BOBART AND HIS DRAGON, ETC.
+
+Dr. Zachary Grey, in his edition of _Hudibras_, vol. i. p. 125., relates
+the following anecdote:
+
+    "Mr. Jacob Bobart, Botany Professor of Oxford, did, about forty years
+    ago (in 1704), find a dead rat in the Physic Garden, which he made to
+    resemble the common picture of dragons, by altering its head and tail,
+    and thrusting in taper sharp sticks, which distended the skin on each
+    side till it mimicked wings. He let it dry as hard as possible. The
+    learned immediately pronounced it a dragon, and one of them sent an
+    accurate description of it to Dr. Maliabechi, Librarian to the Grand
+    Duke of Tuscany: _several fine copies of verses_ were wrote upon so
+    rare a subject, but at last Mr. Bobart owned the cheat: however, it was
+    looked upon as a masterpiece of art, and as such deposited in the
+    anatomy schools (at Oxford), where I saw it some years after."
+
+Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." inform me where I can procure the
+_several_ fine copies of verses, or where they are to be seen, and any
+other particulars relating to Jacob Bobart?
+
+Where can I procure copies of the following, mentioned in Wood's _Athenae
+Oxon._, vol. iii. p. 757.:
+
+    "Poem upon Mr. Jacob Bobards Yew-man of the Guards to the Physic
+    Garden, to the tune of the 'Counter-Scuffle.' Oxon. 1662."
+
+On one side of a sheet of paper.
+
+Also:
+
+    "A Ballad on the Gyants in the Physic Garden in Oxon, who have been
+    breeding Feet as long as Garagantua was Teeth."
+
+On one side of a sheet of paper.
+
+H. T. BOBART.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BISHOP BERKELEY'S PORTRAIT.
+
+The following letter may perhaps have some interest in itself; but I send
+it for insertion in the pages of "N. & Q." in the hope of obtaining some
+information about the pictures which it mentions. It is addressed on the
+back, "The Reverend the Provost and Fellows, Dublin College;" and in the
+corner, "Pr. Favour of The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Molesworth;" and does
+not appear to have ever passed through the post.
+
+        Reverend Sir, and Gentlemen,
+
+    My late dear Husband, the Rev. Dr. Berkeley, Prebendary of Canterbury,
+    son of the late Lord Bishop of Cloyne, having most generously appointed
+    me sole executrix of his will, and having bequeathed to me all his fine
+    collection of pictures, &c., I trouble you with this to beg to know
+    whether a very remarkably fine, universally admired portrait of Bishop
+    Berkeley, in his lawn sleeves, &c., painted by that famous artist
+    Vanderbank, which, together with its frame (now much broken by frequent
+    removals), cost five hundred pounds: the back-ground, the frontispiece
+    to his Lordship's _Minute Philosopher_, and the broken cisterns from
+    the Prophet Jeremiah: "They have hewn them out broken cisterns." The
+    late Archbishop of Canterbury was perpetually entreating Dr. Berkeley
+    to present it to the Gallery of Lambeth Palace, where there is already
+    a very good portrait of Bishop B.--But _justice_ to my dear excellent
+    son, then living, as Dr. B. told his Grace, precluded a _possibility_
+    of his complying with his request.
+
+    If this picture will be an acceptable present to the Rev. the Provost,
+    and the Gentlemen Fellows of the University of Dublin, it is now
+    offered for their acceptance, as a most grateful acknowledgment for the
+    _very high_ honour[1], they were pleased {429} so graciously to confer
+    on his Lordship's only descendant, the late learned accomplished George
+    Monk Berkeley, Esq. (Gentleman Commoner of Magdalene Hall, in the
+    University of Oxon., and student of the Inner Temple, London), from his
+    very sincerely grateful mother.
+
+    Some time after the death of his son, Dr. Berkeley told me that at my
+    death he wished the wonderfully fine portrait of his father to be
+    presented to some place of _consequence_. I immediately replied, "_To
+    Dublin College_." He said, "They have one already; perhaps it would be
+    well to leave it as an heir-loom to the Episcopal Palace at Cloyne." I
+    said perhaps the gentlemen of Dublin College would prefer this,
+    esteemed one of the very finest pieces of painting in Europe. The face
+    certainly looks more like a fine cast in wax, than a painting on
+    canvas, as numbers of the best judges have always exclaimed on seeing
+    it.
+
+    I request Dr. Berkeley's noble relation, the excellent Lord Molesworth,
+    now on a visit in Ireland, to deliver this, and to learn from the
+    Provost and Gentlemen of the University of Dublin, whether it would be
+    agreeable to them to receive this, and transfer the one they at present
+    have to Dr. Berkeley's highly respected friend, the _present_ Bishop of
+    Cloyne, for the Palace. Lord Molesworth will have the goodness to
+    receive and transmit the answer of the Provost and Gentlemen to her who
+    has the honour to subscribe herself, with the most perfect respect,
+    their
+
+      Very sincerely grateful and
+          (Thro' her unspeakably dear excellent Son)
+              _Most highly_ obliged,
+                  ELIZA BERKELEY.
+
+      Chertsey, Surrey, England.
+      The 18th of Feb., 1797.
+
+I cannot find any evidence to prove that this letter was ever so much as
+received by the University. It came into my possession amongst the papers
+of a private friend, a late distinguished ornament of the University, whose
+death has been an irreparable loss to the public, to the Church of England,
+and to a large circle of friends. No notice of such a letter, or of so
+liberal a donation, is to be found in the Register of the University, nor
+is there such a picture in our possession. I have made inquiry also, and
+find that it is not at Cloyne. The conclusion therefore is, either that
+Mrs. Berkeley changed her mind, or that from some accident the letter never
+was presented: at all events, it is certain that the picture of Bishop
+Berkeley, to which it relates, was never in the possession of the
+University for whose halls it was intended.
+
+Can any one tell me where it now is; and what was the fate of "the fine
+collection of pictures" which was the property of Dr. Berkeley of
+Canterbury, and bequeathed by him to his widow, the writer of the above
+letter?
+
+J. H. TODD.
+
+[Footnote 1: This alludes to the honourable degree of LL.B. conferred upon
+George M. Berkeley by the University of Dublin, Nov. 8, 1788.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Life._--Is it not the general feeling that man, in advancing years, would
+not like to begin his life again? I have noted that Edgeworth, Franklin,
+and Sismondi express the contrary.
+
+A. C.
+
+"_The Boy of Heaven._"--I have a poem entitled _The Boy of Heaven_, copied
+some years ago from a manuscript. Can any of your readers inform me who is
+the author, whether it has ever appeared in print, or give me any other
+information respecting it?
+
+W. P.
+
+_Bells._--Can any of your readers inform me why the bells of the Convent of
+Santa Theresa, at Madrid, alone have the privilege of tolling on Good
+Friday, in that city? In all Roman Catholic countries the bells on that day
+are forbidden to be rung; and there is no exception made, even in Rome.
+
+As much has been said about the _baptizing_ of bells, as if it were a
+custom nearly or entirely obsolete, I beg to say that I was present at the
+baptizing of a bell in the south-west of France not very long ago; and have
+no doubt that the great bell at Bordeaux, which is to have the emperor and
+empress as its sponsors, will undergo the full ceremony.
+
+CERIDWEN.
+
+_Captain Ayloff._--Where can I find any notices of Captain Ayloff, one of
+the coadjutors of Tom Brown in the eccentric _Letters from the Dead to the
+Living_?
+
+V. T. STERNBERG.
+
+_Robert Johnson._--Perhaps some of your correspondents could give me some
+information relative to the pedigree of Robert Johnson, Esq., who was a
+baron of the Exchequer in Ireland in 1704; his parentage and descent; his
+wife's name and family; his armorial bearings; and date of his birth and
+death.
+
+Was he the Robert Johnson who entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1671, as
+a Fellow Commoner at the age of fourteen? If so, his birthplace was London,
+and his father's name was also Robert.
+
+E. P. L.
+
+Co. Westmeath.
+
+_Selling a Wife._--What is the origin of the popular idea, that a man may
+legally dispose of his spouse by _haltering_ her, and exposing her for sale
+in a public market? Some time ago the custom appears to have been very
+prevalent; and only a few months back there was a paragraph in _The Times_,
+describing an occurrence of the kind at Nottingham.
+
+French romancers and dramatists have seized upon it as a leading trait of
+English society; and in their remarkably-faithful delineations of English
+life it is not unusual to find the blue-beard milord Anglais carting milady
+to Smithfield, and {430} enlarging upon her points in the cheap-jack style
+to the admiring drovers.
+
+V. T. STERNBERG.
+
+_Jock of Arden._--This worthy of the Robin Hood class of heroes, is
+understood to figure very prominently in the legendary history of
+Warwickshire. Where can any references to his real or supposed history be
+found, and what are the legends of which he is the hero?
+
+W. Q.
+
+_Inigo Jones._--Where can a full list of mansions and other important
+buildings, erected from designs after that great master architect Inigo
+Jones, be found?
+
+A CORRESPONDENT.
+
+_Dean Boyle._--Wanted, the pedigree of Richard Boyle, Dean of Limerick, and
+Bishop of Leighlin in 1661. He had a brother Roger, also in the church. Was
+he a grandson of John Boyle of Hereford, eldest brother of Roger, father of
+Richard, first Earl of Cork? This John married Alice, daughter of Alex.
+Hayworth, of Burdun Hall, Herefordshire.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Euphormio_ (Vol. i., p. 27.).--Mention is made of _Censura Euphormionis_
+and other tracts, called forth by Barclay's works: where can some account
+of these be found?
+
+P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A.
+
+_Optical Query._--Last summer the following illusion was pointed out to me
+at Sandwich, Kent. The ingenious horizontal machine to enable the treadmill
+to grind the wind, in default of more substantial matter, although
+certainly revolving only in one direction, say from right to left, at
+intervals appeared to change its direction and turn from left to right.
+This change appeared to several persons to take place at the same time, and
+did not seem to be owing to any shifting of the perpendicular shutters for
+regulating the resistance of the air. The point from which I viewed it was
+near the south door of St. Clement's Church. Have any of the readers of "N.
+& Q." noticed a similar illusion, and can they explain it?
+
+H. H.
+
+Gloucester.
+
+_Archbishop King._--The well-known William King, Archbishop of Dublin, was
+interred in the graveyard of the parish of St. Mary, Donnybrook, near
+Dublin, as appears from the following entry in the Register of Burials:
+"Buried, Archbishop King, May 10th, 1729." There is no stone to mark his
+grave. I would be glad to know whether there is any monument elsewhere,
+
+I would likewise be glad to know whether there is any good engraving of the
+archbishop in existence. I have lately procured a copy of a small and
+rather curious one, engraved by "Kane o' Hara," and "published, Sept. 20th,
+1803, by William Richardson, York House, 31. Strand;" and I am informed by
+a friend that a portrait (of what size I am not aware) was sold by auction
+in London, 15th February, 1800, for the sum of 3l. 6s. It was described at
+that time as "very rare."
+
+Donnybrook graveyard, I may add, is rich in buried ecclesiastics,
+containing the remains of Dr. Robert Clayton, Bishop of Clogher (a man of
+note in his day), and other dignitaries of our church.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Neal's Manuscripts._--In Neal's _History of the Puritans_, he frequently
+refers at bottom of the page to a manuscript in his possession thus (MS.
+penes me, p. 88.): will any of your readers inform me where this MS. is
+preserved, and whether I can have access to it? It was evidently a
+voluminous compilation, as it extended to many hundred pages.
+
+T. F.
+
+_Whence the Word "Cossack?"_--Alison says, on the authority of _Koramsin_
+(vi. 476.), "The word Cossack means a volunteer or free partisan," &c.
+(Vide _History of Europe_, vol. ix. p. 31.) I have found the word "Kasak"
+in the Gulistan of Saadi, which there means a robber of the kind called
+_rahzan_. From the word being spelt in the Gulistan with a [Arabic: q], it
+appears to me to be an Arabic word. Can any reader enlighten
+
+MUHAMMED?
+
+A. N. Club
+
+_Picts' Houses and Argils._--The Cimmerians, a people mentioned by
+Herodotus, who occupied principally the peninsula of the Crimea, are
+distinguished by Prichard from the Cimbri or Kimbri, but supposed by M.
+Amedee Thierry to be a branch of the same race, and Celtic. Many of their
+customs are said to present a striking conformity with those of the Cimbri
+of the Baltic and of the Gauls. Those who inhabited the hills in the Crimea
+bore the name of Taures or Tauri, a word, Thierry says, signifying
+mountaineers in both the Kimbric and Gaulish idioms. The tribe of the
+plains, according to Ephorus, a Greek writer cotemporary with Aristotle,
+mentioned in Strabo, lib. v., dug subterraneous habitations, which they
+called _argil_ or _argel_, a pure Kimbric word, which signifies a covered
+or deep place:
+
+    [Greek: Ephoros phesin autous en katageiois oikiais oikein has kalousin
+    argillas.]
+
+Having seen several of the rude and miserable buildings underground in the
+Orkneys, called Picts' houses, I should like to know something of these
+_argils_ or _argillae_, but suppose them to be calculated for the
+requirements of a more advanced state of society than that of the dwellers
+in Picts' houses. Perhaps some of your correspondents could give
+information on this matter. {431} For the above, vide Introduction to
+Amedee Thierry's _Histoire des Gaulois, &c._, 1828, p. 57.
+
+W. H. F.
+
+_The Drummer's Letter._--The letter from the drummer to the corporal's wife
+in _The Sentimental Journey_ (it is hardly possible to give a precise
+reference to any part of this little work) ends thus:
+
+    "Je suis, Madame,
+
+    "Avec toutes les sentimens les plus respectueux et les plus tendres,
+    tout a vous,
+
+     "JAQUES ROCQUE."
+
+Why is the first of the adjectives agreeing with _les sentimens_ in the
+wrong gender? The blot may be a trifling one, but I think I may say that it
+defaces every copy of this well-known billet-doux. I have seen many
+editions of _The Sentimental Journey_, some by the best publishers of the
+time in which they lived, and I find the same mistake in all: I do not know
+of a single exception. If Sterne wrote _toutes_, it must have been by
+accident; there is nothing to prove that he wished to make the poor drummer
+commit the solecism, for the rest of his letter is not only correctly, but
+even elegantly written.
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+_The Cardinal Spider._--I have read somewhere an account of a singular
+species of spider, which is of unusually large size, and is said to be
+found only in Hampton Court Palace.
+
+It is supposed by superstitious persons that the spirits of Cardinal Wolsey
+and his retinue still haunt the palace in the shape of spiders; hence the
+name "Cardinal."
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me where such an account is to be met
+with, as I have forgotten the name of the book in which I have seen it?
+
+W. T.
+
+Norwich.
+
+_New England Genealogical Society, &c._--Can any of your correspondents
+inform me where I can address a letter to, for Dr. Jenks, Secretary to the
+New England Genealogical Society? And where can I see a copy of Farmer's
+_New England Genealogical Register_, 1829, and _The New England
+Genealogical Register and Magazine for 1847_, mentioned by your
+correspondent T. WESTCOTT, "N. & Q.," Vol. vi., p. 495.?
+
+J. K.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Dr. John Hartcliffe, Dr. Wm. Cokayne, Dr. Samuel Kettilby._--Can any of
+your correspondents tell me whether John Hartcliffe, D.D., Fellow of
+King's, Cambridge, and Head-master of Merchant Taylors' from 1681 to 1686,
+is _the Dr. Hartcliffe_ whom James II. wishes to instal illegally in the
+Provostship of King's, as he attempted to impose a President on Magdalen,
+Oxon?
+
+I should be glad also to know whether there is any continuation of Ward's
+_Lives of the Gresham Professors_, reaching to the present time; and, in
+particular, the dates of the appointments or deaths of William Cokayne,
+D.D., Professor of Astronomy, and William Roman, B.C.L., Professor of
+Geometry?
+
+Likewise, of what faculty was Samuel Kettilby, D.D., Professor; and when
+did he die?
+
+JAMES HESSEY.
+
+Merchant Taylors'.
+
+    [It was Dr. John Hartcliffe, of Merchant Taylors', that wished to
+    become Provost of King's College: but the mandate was obtained from
+    King William, not from James II. Hartcliffe's _Discourse against
+    Purgatory_, 1685, which Anthony a Wood thinks was publicly burnt in
+    France, was not likely to recommend him to the favour of the latter
+    king. The affair of the Provostship is thus stated by Cole (_Hist. of
+    King's College_, vol. iv. Addit. MSS. 5817.)--"On the death of Dr.
+    Copleston, Hartcliffe made a great stir, in order to become Provost,
+    and actually obtained a mandate of King William to the society to
+    choose him; but he was far from being agreeable to the Fellows of the
+    college, who, when they heard he was in town, and upon what errand he
+    came, directly shut up the college gates, and proceeded to an election,
+    when Dr. Roderick was chosen, with the odds of ten votes to one. This
+    being transacted in the infancy of King William's reign, he chose not
+    to stir much in it; but after having shown the Fellows, by the very
+    petition they made to him, which was presented by Mr. Newborough and
+    Mr. Fleetwood, that he had a right to present, he dismissed them." A
+    biographical notice of Dr. Hartcliffe is given in Nichols's _Literary
+    Anecdotes_, vol. i. pp. 63, 64., and in Wood's _Athenae_ (Bliss), vol.
+    iv. p. 790.
+
+    No one appears to have continued Ward's _Lives of the Gresham
+    Professors_. Maitland, in his _History of London_, has brought the
+    history of the institution down to 1755. Dr. Ward himself had prepared
+    a new edition, containing considerable additions, which was presented
+    to the British Museum by his residuary legatee. Among the Additional
+    MSS. also will be found a large mass of papers and correspondence
+    relating to the _Lives_. From one document, entitled "Minutes relating
+    to the Lives of the Professors of Gresham College, being Additions to
+    the printed Work," we extract the following notice of "William Cokayne,
+    who was the son of George Cokayne, of Dovebridge in Devonshire, clerk.
+    He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, in London, and from thence
+    elected probationer Fellow of St. John's College, where he was
+    matriculated 9th July, 1736. He commenced A.M. 9th July, 1744; made
+    Junior Proctor 1750; and B.D. 4th July, 1751." The date of his
+    appointment as Astronomy Professor is not given; but his resignation,
+    in 1795, will be found in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxv. p. 711.
+    He appears to have died in 1798 (see _Ib._, vol. lxviii. p. 641.), when
+    the Rev. Joseph Monkhouse succeeded him as Rector of Kilkhampton, co.
+    Cornwall.
+
+    {432}
+
+    The MS. "Minutes" also contain a notice of William Roman, the
+    thirteenth Geometry Professor, "who was educated at Merchant Taylors'
+    School, London, and from thence elected to St. John's College, Oxford,
+    in 1740, being matriculated as the son of Richard Roman, of London,
+    Gent., aetat. 17. He commenced B.C.L., May 5th, 1747; Deacon at Christ
+    Church, 21st Sept., 1746; Priest at Christ Church, 20th Sept., 1747."
+    No date of his appointment, but he was Professor in 1755, when Maitland
+    wrote his account of the college. Dr. Samuel Kettilby succeeded the
+    Rev. Samuel Birch as Geometry Lecturer, and died June 25, 1808.--See
+    _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. lxxviii. p. 657.]
+
+"_Haulf Naked._"--In poring over an old deed the other night, I stumbled
+upon the above name, which I take to be that of a manor in the county of
+Sussex. Is it so? and, if so, by what name is the property now known?
+
+CHARLES REED.
+
+    [In Dallaway's _Western Sussex_, art. WASHINGTON, vol. ii. pt. ii. p.
+    133., is the following entry:--"In 1310, Henry Balduyne sold to Walter
+    de Halfenaked one messuage, two acres of arable, and two acres of
+    meadow, in Washington and Sullington. Ped. fin. 3 Edw. II."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+THE LEGEND OF LAMECH--HEBREW ETYMOLOGY.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 363.)
+
+Etymologists are a race who frequently need to be drawn up with a somewhat
+tight rein. Our Celtic fellow-subjects will not, perhaps, be much gratified
+by MR. CROSSLEY's tracing the first indications of their paternal tongue to
+the family of Cain; and as every branch of that family was destroyed by the
+deluge, they may marvel what account he can give of its reconstruction
+amongst their forefathers. But as his manner of expressing himself may lead
+some of your readers to imagine that he is explaining Cain, Lamech, Adah,
+Zillah, from acknowledged Hebrew meanings of any parts of those words, it
+may be as well to warn them that the Hebrew gives no support to any one of
+his interpretations. If fancy be ductile enough to agree with him in seeing
+a representation of a human arm holding a sling with a stone in it in the
+Hebrew letter called _lamed_, there would still be a broad hiatus between
+such a concession, and the conclusion he seems to wish the reader to draw
+from it, viz. that the word _lamed_ must have something to do with
+slinging, and that consequently _lamed_ must be a slinger. The Hebrew
+scholar knows that _lamed_ indisputably signifies to _teach_; and though
+perhaps he may not feel sure that the Hebrew consonant _l_ obtained its
+name from any connexion with that primary meaning of the root _lamed_, he
+will not think it improbable that as the letter _l_, when prefixed to a
+noun or verb, _teaches_ the reader the construction of the sentence, that
+may have been the reason for its being so named.
+
+As to a legend not traceable to within some thousand years of the facts
+with which it claims to be connected, those may take an interest in it who
+like so to do. But as far as we may regard Lamech's address to his wives in
+the light of a philological curiosity, it is interesting to observe how
+naturally the language of passion runs into poetry; and that this, the most
+ancient poetry in existence, is in strict unison with the peculiar
+character of subsequent Hebrew poetry; that peculiarity consisting of the
+repetition of clauses, containing either the same proposition in a slightly
+different form, or its antithesis; a rhyme of thoughts, if we may so say,
+instead of a rhyme of sounds, and consequently capable of being preserved
+by a literal translation.
+
+And Lamech said unto his wives,--
+
+ "Adah and Zillah, hear my voice;
+  Ye wives of Lamech, hearken unto my speech,
+  For I have slain a man to my wounding,
+  And a young man, to my hurt.
+  If Cain shall be avenged seventy-fold,
+  Truly Lamech, seventy and seven-fold."
+
+The construction is more favourable to the belief that the _man_ of line
+third is the same as the _young man_ of the parallel clause, than that he
+had slain two; the word rendered _hurt_ is properly a _wheal_, the effect
+of a severe strife or wound.
+
+As to the etymologies of the names mentioned by MR. CROSSLEY, we gather
+from God's words that she called her first son Cain, an acquisition (the
+Latin _peculium_ expresses it more exactly than any English word), because
+she had gotten (literally _acquired_, or obtained possession of) a man. As
+for Lamech, or more properly L[)e]m[)e]ch, its etymology must be confessed
+to be uncertain; but there is a curious and interesting explanation of the
+whole series of names of the patriarchs, Noah's forefathers, in which the
+name of the other Lemech, son of Methusaleh, is regarded as made up of
+_L[)e]_, the prefixed preposition, and of _mech_, taken for the participle
+Hophal of the verb to smite or bruise. Adah, [Hebrew: 'DH], is _ornament_;
+Zillah, [Hebrew: TSLH] may mean the _shade_ under which a person reposes;
+or if the doubling of the _l_ is an indication that its root is [Hebrew:
+TSLL], it may mean a dancer.
+
+H. WALTER.
+
+Allow me, in reference to MR. CROSSLEY's remarks, to say, that from the
+accidental resemblance of the Hebrew and Celtic words _Lamech_ and
+_Lamaich_, no philological argument can be drawn of identical meaning, any
+more than from the fact that the words Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazar, or
+Belteshassar[2], are significant in Russian {433} and Sclavonian, as well
+as in Chaldee. _Lamache_ in Arabic means (see Freytag) "_levi intuitu et
+furtim adspicere_ aliquem;" also to _shine_, as lightning, or a star.
+_Lamech_, therefore, is an appropriate designation for a man known to prowl
+about for plunder and murder, and whose eye, whether taking aim or not,
+would give a sudden and furtive glance.
+
+The word _lamed_ signifies, in Hebrew, _teaching_; the word _Talmud_ is
+from the same root. It is the same in Syriac and Chaldee. The _original_
+significant of these three languages is to be found in the Arabic _Lamada_:
+"_Se submisit_ alicui; _humiliter se gessit_ erga aliquem." (Freytag.) No
+argument can be drawn from the shape of the letter [Hebrew: L] (_lamed_),
+because, although popularly so called, it is _not_ a Hebrew letter, but a
+Chaldee one. The recent discoveries, published in Layard's last work,
+demonstrate this fact; Mr. Layard falls into the mistake of calling the
+basin inscriptions Hebrew, although Mr. Ellis, who had translated them,
+says expressly that the language is Chaldee (_Nineveh and Babylon_, p.
+510.), one of them only being Syriac (p. 521.). Chaldee and Syriac, indeed,
+differ from each other as little as Chaucer's and Shakspeare's English,
+although the written characters are wholly distinct.
+
+Davis, in his _Celtic Researches_, has done all that was possible, taking a
+very limited view, however, in fixing upon certain linguistic resemblances
+in some ancient tongues to the Celtic; but a clear apprehension of the
+proper place which the Celtic language and its congeners hold in
+comparative philology, can only be learnt from such works as Adelung's
+_Mithridates_, and Adrien Balbi's _Atlas Ethnographique du Globe_.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+[Footnote 2: The accidental resemblances are curious. Thus, _Nebucadnetzar_
+is in Russian _nebe kazenniy Tzar_, "A Lord or Prince appointed by heaven;"
+or, _nebu godnoi_ _Tzar_, "A Prince fit for heaven." _Belshatzar_ is also
+in Russian _bolszoi Tzar_, "A great Prince;" and _Belteshtzar_, Daniel's
+Chaldean pagan name, is _byl tesh Tzar_, "he was also a Prince," _i. e._
+"of the royal family."]
+
+The interpretation of Hessius (_Geschichte der Patriarchen_, i. 83.) is
+preferred by Rosenmueller:
+
+    "Ex hujus Doctissimi Viri sententia Lamechus _sese jactat_ propter
+    filios suos, qui artium adeo utilium essent inventores: Cainum
+    progenitorem suum propter caedem non esse punitum, multo minus se posse
+    puniri, si vel simile scelus commisisset. Verba enim non significant,
+    caedam ab eo revera esse paratam, sed sunt verba hominis admodum
+    insolentis et profani. Ceterum facile apparet, haec verba a Mose ex
+    quodam carmine antiquo inserta esse: tota enim oratio poeticam quandam
+    sublimitatem spirat."
+
+The sense of these two verses (Gen. iv. 23, 24.) is, according to Dathe:
+
+    "_Si propter viri aut juvenis caedem vulnera et plagae mihi intendantur,
+    cum de Caino poena septuplex statuta fuerit, in Lamecho id fiet
+    septuagies septies._"
+
+Herder, in his _Geist der ebraeischen Poesie_ (i. 344.) says:
+
+    "Carmen hoc Lamechi laudes canere gladii a filio inventi, cujus usum et
+    praestantiam contra hostiles aliorum insultus his verbis praedicet:
+    _Lamechi mulieres audite sermonem meum, percipite dicta mea: Occido jam
+    virum, qui me vulneravit, juvenem, qui plagam mihi infligit. Si Cainus
+    septies ulciscendus, in Lamecho id fiet septuagies septies._"
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+The legend of the shooting of Cain by Lamech is detailed in _The Creation
+of the World, with Noah's Flood_, a Cornish mystery, translated into
+English by John Keigwin, and edited by Davies Gilbert, Esq. The legend and
+translation, in parallel columns, are given also at pp. 15, 16. of Mr.
+Gilbert's "Collections and Translations respecting St. Neot," prefixed to
+descriptive account (in 4to., with sixteen coloured plates) of the windows
+of St. Neot's Church in Cornwall, by Mr. Hedgeland, who restored them,
+1805-1829, at the expense of the Rev. Richard Gerveys Grylls, patron, and
+formerly incumbent of the living.
+
+JOSEPH RIX.
+
+St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LORD COKE'S CHARGE TO THE JURY.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 376.)
+
+_Saltpetre-man._--An explanation of this title may be found in a
+proclamation of King Charles I. (1625):
+
+    "For the Maintaining and Increasing of the Saltpetre Mines of England,
+    for the Necessary and Important Manufacture of Gunpowder."
+
+This proclamation states:
+
+    "That our realm naturally yields sufficient mines of saltpetre without
+    depending on foreign parts; wherefore, for the future, no dovehouse
+    shall be paved with stones, bricks, nor boards, lime, sand, nor gravel,
+    nor any other thing whereby the growth and increase of the mine and
+    saltpetre may be hindered or impaired; but the proprietors shall suffer
+    the ground or floors thereof, as also all stables where horses stand,
+    to lie open with good and mellow earth, apt to breed increase of the
+    said mine. And that none deny or hinder any _saltpetre-man_, lawfully
+    deputed thereto, from digging, taking, or working any ground which by
+    commission may be taken and wrought for saltpetre. Neither shall any
+    constable, or other officer, neglect to furnish any such
+    _saltpetre-man_ with convenient carriages, that the King's service
+    suffer not. _None shall bribe any saltpetre-man_ for the sparing or
+    forbearing of any ground fit to be wrought for saltpetre," &c.
+
+It would appear that the _saltpetre-man_ abused his authority, and that the
+people suffered a good deal of annoyance from the manner in which this
+{434} absurd system was carried out; for two years afterwards we find that
+another proclamation was published by the King, notifying, "that the
+practice of making saltpetre in England by digging up the floors of
+dwelling-houses, &c. &c., tended too much to the grievance of his loving
+subjects ... that notwithstanding all the trouble, not one third part of
+the saltpetre required could be furnished." It proceeds to state that Sir
+John Brooke and Thomas Russell, Esq., had proposed a new method of
+manufacturing the article, and that an exclusive patent had been granted to
+them. The King then _commands_ his subjects in London and Westminster, that
+after notice given, they "carefully keep in proper vessels all human urine
+throughout the year, and as much of that of beasts as can be saved." This
+appeared to fail; for at the end of the same year, the "stable" monarch
+proclaimed a return to the old method, giving a commission to the Duke of
+Buckingham, and some others, to "... break open ... and work for
+saltpetre," as might be found requisite; and in 1634, a further
+proclamation was issued renewing the old ones, but excepting the houses,
+stables, &c. of _persons of quality_.
+
+During the Commonwealth the nuisance was finally got rid of; for an act was
+passed in 1656, directing that "none shall dig within the houses, &c. of
+any person _without their leave first obtained_."
+
+BROCTUNA.
+
+Bury, Lancashire.
+
+J. O. treats _The Lord Coke, his Speech and Charge, with a Discoverie of
+the Abuses and Corruptions of Officers_, 8vo. London: N. Butter, 1607, as a
+genuine document; but it is not so; and, lest the error should gain ground,
+the following account of the book, from the Preface, by Lord Coke, to the
+seventh part of his _Reports_, is subjoined:
+
+    "And little do I esteem an uncharitable and malicious practice in
+    publishing of an erroneous and ill-spelled pamphlet under the name
+    Pricket, and dedicating it to my singular good lord and father-in-law,
+    the Earl of Exeter, as a charge given at the assizes holden at the city
+    of Norwich, 4th August, 1606, which I protest was not only published
+    without my privity, but (beside the omission of divers principal
+    matters) that there is no one period therein expressed in that sort and
+    sense that I delivered: wherein it is worthy of observation, how their
+    expectation (of scandalizing me) was wholly deceived; for behold the
+    catastrophe! Such of the readers as were learned in the laws, finding
+    not only gross errors and absurdities on law, but palpable mistakings
+    in the very words of art, and the whole context of that rude and ragged
+    style wholly dissonant (the subject being legal) from a lawyer's
+    dialect, concluded that _inimicus et iniquus homo superseminavit
+    zizania in medio tritici_, the other discreet and indifferent readers,
+    out of sense and reason, found out the same conclusion, both in respect
+    of the vanity of the phrase, and for that I, publishing about the same
+    time one of my commentaries, would, if I had intended the publication
+    of any such matter, have done it myself, and not to have suffered any
+    of my works pass under the name of Pricket; and so _una voce
+    conclamaverunt omnes_, that it was a shameful and shameless practice,
+    and the author thereof to be a wicked and malicious falsary."
+
+J. G.
+
+Exon.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WHITE ROSES.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 329.)
+
+The allusion is to the well-known Jacobite badge of the white rose, which
+was regularly worn on June 10, the anniversary of the Old Pretender's
+birthday, by his adherents. Fielding refers to the custom in his _Amelia_:
+
+    "On the lovely 10th of June, under a serene sky, the amorous Jacobite,
+    kissing the odoriferous Zephyr's breath, gathers a nosegay of white
+    roses to deck the whiter breast of Celia."--_Amelia_, edit. 1752, vol.
+    i. p. 48.
+
+The following lines are extracted from a collection of considerable merit,
+now become uncommon, the authors of the different papers in which were Dr.
+Deacon and Dr. Byrom, and which is entitled _Manchester Vindicated_
+(Chester, 1749, 12mo.). The occasion was on a soldier snatching a white
+rose from the bosom of a young lady on June 10, 1747:
+
+              I.
+
+ "Phillis to deck her snowy breast
+    The rival-flowers around display'd,
+  Thraso, to grace his war-like crest
+    Of orange-knots a huge cockade,
+  That reds and whites, and nothing else,
+  Should set the beaux against the belles!
+
+              II.
+
+ "Yet so it was; for yesterday
+    Thraso met Phillis with her posies,
+  And thus began th' ungentle fray,
+   'Miss, I must _execute_ those roses.'
+  Then made, but fruitless made, a snatch,
+  Repuls'd with pertinacious scratch.
+
+              III.
+
+ "Surpriz'd at such a sharp rebuke,
+    He cast about his cautious eyes,
+  Invoking _Vict'ry_ and _the Duke_,
+    And once again attack'd the prize;
+  Again is taught to apprehend,
+  How guardian thorns the rose defend.
+
+              IV.
+
+ "Force being twice in vain apply'd,
+    He condescended then to reason;
+ 'Ye _Jacobitish_ ----,' he cry'd
+   'In open street, the love of treason
+  With your white roses to proclaim!
+  Go home, ye rebel slut, for shame!'
+  {435}
+
+              V.
+
+ "'Go you abroad to Flanders yonder,
+    And show your valour there, Sir Knight;
+  What bus'ness have you here, I wonder,
+    With people's roses, red or white?
+  Go you abroad, for shame,' says Phillis,
+ 'And from the Frenchmen pluck their lilies.'
+
+              VI.
+
+ "'Lilies!' says Thraso, 'lilies too!
+    The wench, I find, would be a wit,
+  Had she command of words eno',
+    And on the right one chanced to hit:
+  For pity, once, I'll set her clear:
+  The laurels, you would say, my dear.'
+
+              VII.
+
+ "'No, but I would not, Sir; you know
+    What laurels are no more than I,
+  Upon your head they'll never grow,
+    My word for that, friend, and good-bye:
+  _He that of roses robs a wench,_
+  _Will ne'er pluck laurels from the French._'"
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BURIAL OF UNCLAIMED CORPSE.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 262. 340.)
+
+A tradition of similar character with that mentioned by E. G. R., and
+noticed by J. H. L., is reported to have occurred between the parishes of
+Shipdham and Saham Tony in Norfolk, of a corpse being found on the common
+pasture of Shipdham, which parish refused to bury it, and the parish of
+Saham Tony, therefore, was at the expense thereof, and claimed a
+considerable piece of the common pasture from Shipdham, in consequence of
+the neglect of the latter parish.
+
+A fine continues to be paid by Shipdham to Saham to this time; and although
+many entries are made of such payments in the early parish accounts,
+beginning A.D. 1511, yet in no instance is it said the reason or cause of
+these payments being annually made. The said payments are not always of the
+same amount; they are sometimes paid in money and sometimes in kind, as the
+following instances show.
+
+The first entry I meet with is in 1511:
+
+         Payd the halffe mark at Saham.
+  1512.  Delyvyrd to same ij buschells of otts, viij^d; in sylv^r, ij^d.
+  1513.  The same payment as in 1512.
+  1514.  No entry of any payment.
+  1515.  Payd for _woots_ to Saham, vj^d, and ij^d of mony.
+  1516.  Payd to y^e hallemarke, j^d (not said if to Saham or not).
+         This entry "to y^e hallemark" may be an error of the scribe for
+             "y^e halffe mark," as in the first entry under 1511.
+  1517.  Payd to y^e halffe mark, j^d (no doubt to Saham).
+  1518.  No entry of payment to Saham.
+  1519.  Payd to same for ij barssels of owte, vj^d;
+           to same, ij^d                                   viij^d
+  1520.  Payd for ij busschellys of otte to same,
+           viij^d; and a henne, ij^d                       x^d
+  1521.  Payd to same for ij buschells of ots, xj^d,
+           and ij^d in sylver                              xiij^d
+  1522.  Payd for y^e half marke, j^d; payd for
+           oots to same, vij^d                             viij^d
+  1523.  Payd for y^e halff mark (no doubt to Saham)          j^d
+  1524.  Payd for otts to sam and wodlod                   viij^d
+  1525.  Similar entry to the last.
+  1526.  Payd for otts to same, viij^d; payd for
+           wod led to same, j^d                              ix^d
+  1527.  Payd the halffe mark, j^d; paid to the
+           _Comon_, to (two) bussells otts, ix^d, and
+           a j^d in lieu of a henne                          xj^d
+  1539.  Payd to same for the task                            x^d[3]
+  1541.  Payd to Thomas Lubard, for ij bs. of
+           otts to Saham                                   viij^d
+         Payd to y^e seyd Thomas for j heyn
+           (hen) to Saham                                    ij^d
+
+On looking through the town accounts of Shipdham, I find entries of--
+
+  Payd to the half mark to Saham                j^d
+  Ij bushells oates, and in lieu of a hen      ij^d
+
+The only entry in which I find anything at all apparently relative to the
+common is that under 1527. Whether the court books of Saham would throw any
+light on the subject, I know not. Should an opportunity offer for my
+searching them, I will do so.
+
+G. H. I.
+
+P.S.--Although I have given several entries of the customary payments to
+Saham, they are merely given to show the different modes of making those
+entries, and not in expectation of your giving all of them, unless you
+think any further light can be given on the subject. As before, perhaps the
+court books of the manor of Saham would assist.
+
+It was an annual custom for Shipdham people to "Drive the common" (as it
+was called) once a year, in a night of an uncertain time, when all the
+cattle, &c. found within the limits or boundary of Shipdham were impounded
+in a farm-yard adjoining. Upon the common, all those belonging to owners
+residing in Shipdham and claimed were set at liberty, while those belonging
+to Saham had to be replevied by a small payment, which custom continued up
+to the period of the commons being inclosed. Perhaps this custom was by way
+of retaliation, by which means the charge of payment of oats and a hen was
+recovered by the money paid for replevying their cattle, &c. so impounded.
+
+[Footnote 3: No payment entered in the accounts between 1527 and 1539. The
+average tenpence annually.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PSALMANAZAR.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 206.)
+
+Your correspondent inquires as to the real name of this most penitent of
+impostors. I fear that {436} there is now no likelihood of its being
+discovered. His most intimate friends appear to have been kept in the dark
+on this subject. With respect to his country, the most probable conclusion
+seems to be, that he was born in the south of Europe, in a city of
+Languedoc. A very near approximation seems to be made to the exact locality
+by a careful collation of the circumstances mentioned in his autobiography,
+in the excellent summary of his life in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vols.
+xxxiv. and xxxv., which is much better worth consulting than the articles
+in Aikin or Chalmers; which are poor and superficial, and neither of which
+gives any list of his works, or notices the _Essay on Miracles, by a
+Layman_ (London, 1753, 8vo.), which is one of them, though published
+anonymously. There is a very amusing account of conversations with him at
+Oxford, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. xxxv. p. 78., in which, before
+a large company of ladies and gentlemen who were curious as to the customs
+of Formosa, he gravely defended the practice which he said existed in that
+country, of cutting off the heads of their wives and eating them, in case
+of misconduct. "I think it is no sin," continued he, "to eat human flesh,
+but I must own it is a little unmannerly." He admitted that he once ate
+part of a black; but they being always kept to hard work, their flesh was
+tough and unsavoury. His grandfather, he said, lived to 117, and was as
+vigorous as a young man, in consequence of sucking the blood of a viper
+warm every morning; but they had been forced to kill him, he being attacked
+with a violent fit of the colic, and desiring them to stab him, which, in
+obedience to another "custom of the country," they had done. _Splendide
+mendax!_ was certainly, in his younger days, this much venerated friend of
+our great moralist. I should, however, feel inclined to forgive much of his
+extraordinary romancing for the admirable manner in which he settled that
+chattering twaddler, Bishop Burnet:
+
+    "He was one day with Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Sarum, who, after his warm
+    manner, cried, 'Ay, you say so; but what proof can you give that you
+    are not of China, Japan, or any other country?' 'The manner of my
+    flight,' replied he, 'did not allow me to bring credentials: but
+    suppose your lordship were in Formosa, and should say you are an
+    Englishman, might not the Formosan as justly reply, You say you are an
+    Englishman; but what proof can you give that you are not of any other
+    country? for you look as like a Dutchman as any that ever traded to
+    Formosa.' This silenced his lordship."
+
+JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+GRAFTS AND THE PARENT TREE.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 365.)
+
+I was surprised to find it stated as "a fact" by MR. INGLEBY, "that grafts,
+after some fifteen years, wear themselves out." A visit to one of the great
+orchard counties would assure him of the existence of tens of thousands of
+grafted apple and pear trees, still in a healthy state, and from forty to
+fifty years old, and more. There are grafted trees of various kinds in this
+country, which to my own knowledge are upwards of sixty years old; and I
+have little doubt but that there are some a good deal older.
+
+The ancient Ribstone pippin, which stood in Ribstone Park, till it died in
+1835, was believed to have been grafted. Such was the opinion of one of the
+gardeners there; and a writer in the _Gardeners' Chronicle_, 1845, p. 21.,
+states that in 1830 he fell in with the Ribstone pippin in great abundance
+in Switzerland, in the valley of Sarnen; and he remarks that it is more
+probable this apple was introduced into England from that country, than the
+reverse. The question has not been conclusively settled.
+
+Notwithstanding "the belief that the graft perishes when the parent tree
+decays" is pronounced by MR. INGLEBY to be a fond superstition, yet there
+are certain facts, well known to orchard growers, which give some warrant
+for it. Without committing myself altogether to this doctrine, I will state
+a few of them.
+
+It is well known that no cider or perry fruit is so good, on first being
+introduced, as it is after fifteen or twenty years of cultivation. A
+certain period seems to be required to mature the new sort, and bring it to
+its full vigour (long after it is in full bearing) before it is at its
+best. The tree, with all its grafted progeny, will last, perhaps fifty,
+perhaps more than one hundred years, in a flourishing state, and then they
+will begin everywhere to decay; nor has any device yet been successful in
+arresting that general decay.
+
+Witness the rise, progress, and fall of the _Forest Stire_ of
+Gloucestershire, the _Foxwhelp_ and _Redstreak_ of Herefordshire, the
+_Golden Pippin_, and, more lately, the _Ribstone Pippin_, of which there is
+an increasing complaint, not to mention many others in the same condition.
+The first-named apple is very nearly extinct, and the small quantity of the
+fruit that is still to be had fetches enormous prices.
+
+Whether this decay be owing to _grafting_, is a question which can be
+decided only by the future behaviour of the suckers from the original tree,
+several of which from the tree at Ribstone Park are now growing at Chiswick
+and elsewhere.
+
+I am aware that Dr. Lindley combats very eagerly the doctrine that
+varieties of the apple and pear, or indeed of any tree, die naturally of
+old age; but the only incontrovertible fact which he adduces in support of
+his argument, is the existence of the French _White Beurre_ pear, which has
+flourished from time immemorial. His denial of the decay of the _Golden
+Pippin_, the _Golden {437} Harvey_, and the _Nonpareil_, will not, I think,
+be allowed to be just by the experience of your readers; the existence of
+the last-named apple for three centuries, supposing it to be true, has not
+secured it exemption from the general fate.
+
+H. C. K.
+
+---- Rectory, Hereford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Glass Baths._--Several of your correspondents finding a difficulty in
+making glass baths, I beg to communicate the way in which they may be very
+easily manufactured. Having obtained two pieces of patent plate glass,
+grind the edges, which may readily be done by a scythe sand-stone, where
+other contrivances are not handy. Cut for the bottom of the bath a slip of
+the same glass three-quarters of an inch in breadth; and for the sides,
+from ordinary window-glass, four wedges, being about three-fifths of an
+inch at one end, tapering down to the thickness of the piece of plate glass
+at the bottom. If several pieces are cut off promiscuously, four may be
+selected which have exactly the same angle, so as to form an even support
+to the sides. The glass being perfectly clean, dry, and as warm as can be
+conveniently held by the hand, fix the bottom and then the sides by means
+of the _very best_ sealing-wax, which will perfectly adhere to the glass.
+If the commoner sorts of wax are used, some marine glue must be added to it
+to temper it. The side slips should be fixed a quarter of an inch apart, so
+as to form a cavity, which must be entirely filled up with wax. The wax may
+be used as in sealing a letter in the first instance; but, in order to give
+the whole bath solidity, and expel every particle of air from between the
+glass, I use a heated pointed iron, as a plumber does in the act of
+soldering. This, passed over the external parts of the wax, also gives it a
+hardness and smooth finish.
+
+These details may appeal trifling, and others may have more ingenious modes
+of accomplishing the object; but having used baths so constructed upwards
+of twelve months without leakage, I believe they will be found to be most
+economical, and far more to be relied on than gutta percha. A good bath so
+made should require about six ounces of solution of nitrate of silver to
+take a picture eight inches square. Your observations in a former Number,
+respecting the uncertainty of gutta percha, I have found to be perfectly
+true. Samples of gutta percha constantly vary; and one may contain
+impurities acted upon by the chemicals, which another does not. A small rim
+formed by sealing-wax dissolved in spirits of wine, and applied twice or
+thrice along the upper edge of the bath, is sufficient to protect the
+prepared glass from adhering to the front of the bath when in use.
+
+H. W. D.
+
+_Securing Calotype Negatives._--Will any of your correspondents be good
+enough to say what they consider the best method of securing a calotype
+paper negative for a few days or a week, in cases where it may be
+difficult, from lack of conveniences during that time, to use hyposulph.,
+with its consequent washings, &c.? Some, I believe, recommend bromide of
+potassium; some, the iodide; others, common salt: but I should like to know
+which is considered the _best_; what strength, and how applied. Also,
+whether any subsequent treatment is necessary previous to the final
+application of the hypo.
+
+W. T.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Wood of the Cross_ (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 334.).--I find, in your 179th
+Number, p. 334., a communication on "The Wood of the Cross." Mention is
+made of the several kinds of wood of which the cross is said to have been
+made--elder, olive, &c. It is a somewhat curious coincidence, that
+yesterday I was with a farmer in his garden, and observing on several
+apple-trees some luxuriant mistletoe, I remarked that it was principally
+found on that tree, sometimes on the oak, but rarely on other trees. The
+farmer, after inquiring whether it could be propagated by cuttings, &c.,
+asked if I had ever understood that our Saviour's cross was made of
+mistletoe? On replying in the negative, and remarking that it was
+altogether unsuitable for such a purpose, he rejoined, that, previously to
+that event, it was a large strong tree, but subsequently had been doomed to
+have only a parasitical (not that he used the term) existence.
+
+As CEYREP said "I never heard of our Lord's cross having been made of elder
+wood," so I would also add, I never heard before of its being made of
+mistletoe. Did any one else ever hear of this tradition?
+
+S. S. S.
+
+_Bishops' Lawn Sleeves_ (Vol. vi., p. 271.).--J. G. T. has inquired
+concerning the date and origin of the present robes of Anglican bishops.
+Mr. Trevor thus describes the bishop's dress in Convocation, which is the
+proper dress of the episcopate:
+
+    "The chimere is the Convocation habit of a doctor of divinity in
+    Oxford, made of silk instead of cloth, as the rochet is an alb of lawn
+    in place of linen, _honoris causa_: the detaching the sleeves from the
+    rochet, and sewing them to the upper garment instead, is obviously a
+    contrivance of the robe-makers. Dr. Hody says that the scarlet robe
+    worn by the bishops in the House of Lords is the doctor's gown at
+    Cambridge; the first archbishops after the Reformation being of that
+    university. (_Hody_, 140.) At Parker's consecration he appeared first
+    in a scarlet gown and hood; then at the Holy Communion he and two of
+    the consecrating bishops {438} wore white surplices, while the senior
+    had a cope: and after his consecration he and the two diocesan bishops
+    endued themselves in the now customary dress of a bishop, the
+    archbishop having about his neck a collar of sables (_Cardw. Doc.
+    Ann._, i. 243.). Before the Reformation, it was remarked as peculiar to
+    the English bishops, that they always wore their white rochets, 'except
+    when hunting.' (_Hody_, 141.)"--_The Two Convocations, Note on_, p.
+    195.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Inscriptions in Books_ (Vol. vii., pp. 127. 337.).--The two accompanying
+inscriptions in books were given to me the other day. The second is, I
+believe, much in vogue at Rugby.
+
+ "Si quis errantem
+  Videat libellum
+  Reddat, aut collo
+  Dabitur capistrum
+  Carnufex ejus
+  Tunicas habebit
+  Terra cadaver."
+
+ "Small is the wren,
+  Black is the rook,
+  Great is the sinner
+  That steals this book."
+
+W. W.
+
+As your correspondent BALLIOLENSIS inquires regarding inscriptions in
+books, perhaps the following may add to his proposed collection, being an
+old ditty much in use among schoolboys, &c.:
+
+ "Hic liber est meus,
+  And that I will show;
+  Si aliquis capit,
+  I'll give him a blow."
+
+N. N.
+
+_Lines quoted by Charles Lamb_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--The author of the
+lines quoted--
+
+ "Bind me, ye woodbines, in your twines;
+  Curl me about, ye gadding vines," &c.--
+
+is Andrew Marvell. They are taken from his fine poem on Nun-Appleton, Lord
+Fairfax's seat in Yorkshire; and will be found in vol. iii. p. 198. of
+Marvell's _Works_, edit. 1776, 4to.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. vi., p. 432.; Vol. vii., pp. 193. 369.).--Upon
+visiting Cartmel in Lancashire ten years ago, I found a library in the
+vestry, and in my diary made the following entry:
+
+    "There is a small library in the vestry, of a very miscellaneous
+    description, left by a former incumbent, two hundred years ago, to the
+    vicar for the time being, to be kept in the vestry. There is a fine
+    copy, in small quarto, of Spenser's _Faery Queene_ in the collection,
+    of the date 1560."
+
+How I ascertained the date of the gift, or whether there were any other
+particulars worth recording, I do not remember. Since taking "N. & Q." I
+have learnt the benefit, I might say the necessity, of being more
+particular.
+
+BRICK.
+
+To your list of parochial libraries may be added one in Swaffham Church,
+Norfolk, bequeathed to the parish by one of the Spelman family. It contains
+several hundred volumes, and among them some of the Elzevir classics. About
+seven years ago I visited Swaffham, and found this collection of books in a
+most disgraceful state, covered with dust and the dung of mice and bats,
+and many of the books torn from their bindings. It would afford me great
+pleasure to hear that more care is taken of such a valuable collection of
+books. There is also a smaller library, in somewhat better preservation, in
+the vestry of St. Peter's, Mancroft Church, in the city of Norwich.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+There are parochial libraries at Milden, Brent Eleigh, and at All Saints,
+Sudbury, Suffolk. See Rev. C. Badham's _Hist. and Antiq. of All Saints,
+Sudbury_, 8vo. London, 1852, pp. 105-109.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A.
+
+_Huet's Navigations of Solomon_ (Vol. vii., p. 381.).--In reply to EDINA'S
+Query, Huet's treatise _De Navigationibus Salomonis_ was published in 1698,
+12mo., at Amsterdam, and before his work on the Commerce of the Ancients
+was printed. EDINA will find a short extract of its contents in vol. ii. p.
+479. of Dr. Aikin's _Translation of Huet's Autobiography_, published in
+1810 in two volumes 8vo. The subject is a curious and interesting one; but,
+from my perusal of the tract, I should scarcely say that Huet has treated
+it very successfully, or that the book is at all worthy of his learning or
+acuteness.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Derby Municipal Seal_ (Vol. vii., p. 357.).--The "buck in the park," on
+the town seal of Derby, is probably a punning allusion to the name of that
+place, anciently _Deora-by_ or _Deor-by_, i. e. the abode of the deer.
+
+C. W. G.
+
+_Annueller_ (Vol. vii., pp. 358. 391.).--Bishop Ergham founded St. Anne's
+College in Wells, for the maintenance of Societas (xiv.) Presbyterorum
+annuellarum Novae Aulae Wellensis. The _annuellar_ was a secular conduct,
+receiving a yearly stipend. These priests, probably, served his chantry at
+Wells.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_Reverend Richard Midgley, Vicar of Rochdale_ (Vol. vii., p. 380).--The
+collection of the lives of pious persons to which Dr. Whitaker refers, as
+containing a very interesting account of Midgley, will undoubtedly be
+Samuel Clarke's _Lives of Thirty-two English Divines_. The passage, which
+will scarcely be new to your correspondent, is at p. 68. of the life of
+"Master Richard Rothwell" (Clarkes's _Lives_, edit. 1677, fol.), and a very
+pleasing passage it is, and one that I might almost {439} be justified in
+extracting. Dr. Whitaker and Brook (_Lives of the Puritans_, vol. ii. p.
+163.) seem to be at variance with regard to the Midgleys, the former
+mentioning only one, and the latter two, vicars of the family.
+
+JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Nose of Wax_ (Vol. vii., p. 158.).--Allow me to refer to a passage in "Ram
+Alley, or Merry Tricks," by Lodowick Barry (which is reprinted in the fifth
+volume of Dodsley's _Old Plays_), illustrative of this term. In Act I. Sc.
+1., _Dash_ describes the law as
+
+ "The kingdom's eye, by which she sees
+  The acts and thoughts of men."
+
+Whereupon _Throate_ observes:
+
+ "The kingdom's eye!
+  I tell thee, fool, it is the kingdom's nose,
+  By which she smells out all these rich transgressors;
+  Nor is't of flesh, but merely made of _wax_,
+  And 'tis within the power of us lawyers,
+  To wrest this _nose of wax_ which way we please."
+
+This illustration was overlooked by Nares, to whose _Glossary_ you refer.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Canongate Marriages_ (Vol. v., p. 320.; Vol. vii., p. 67.).--The
+correspondent who expressed his surprise some time ago at his Query on this
+subject not having called forth any remark from your Scotch friends, will
+perhaps find the explanation of this result in the fact, that in Scotland
+we are guided by the civil or Roman law on the subject of marriage; and
+consequently, with us marriage is altogether a civil contract; and we need
+the intervention neither of clergyman, Gretna blacksmith, or the equally
+disreputable Canongate coupler. The services of the last two individuals
+are only sought for by you deluded southerns. All we require here is the
+agreement or consent of the parties ("_consensus non_ concubitus facit
+matrimonium"); and the legal questions which arise have reference chiefly
+to the evidence of this consent. The agreement may be made verbally, or in
+writing, before witnesses or not, as the parties choose. Or a marriage may
+be constituted and proved merely by habit and repute, _i. e._ by the
+parties living together as man and wife, and the man allowing the woman to
+be addressed as his wife. A promise of marriage, followed by _copula_, also
+constitutes a marriage. But it would be out of place here to enter into all
+the arcana of the Scotch law of marriage: suffice it to say, that it
+prevails equally at John o' Groat's House and Aberdeen, as in the Canongate
+or at Gretna Green. A _regular_ marriage requires certain formalities, such
+as the publication of banns, &c. An _irregular_ one is equally good in law,
+and may be contracted in various ways, as above explained.
+
+This law, though _at first sight_ likely to lead to great abuses, really
+works well in practice; and prevents the occurrence of those distressing
+cases, which not unfrequently happen in England, of seduction under promise
+of marriage, and subsequent desertion.
+
+SCOTUS.
+
+_Smock Marriages_ (Vol. vii., p. 191.).--According to Scotch law, the
+marriage of the father and mother legitimises all children _previously_
+born, however old they may be. This is called legitimisation _per
+subsequens matrimonium_, and is not unfrequently taken advantage of by
+elderly gentlemen, who, after having passed the heyday of youth, wish to
+give their children a position, and a legal right to inherit their
+property. Like the rule as to marriage above explained, it is derived from
+the Roman or civil law. There are very few, I should rather say _no_, legal
+fictions in the Scotch law of the nature alluded to by your correspondent.
+
+SCOTUS.
+
+_Sculptured Emaciated Figures_ (Vol. v., p 497.; Vol. vi. _passim_).--In
+Dickinson's _Antiquities of Nottinghamshire_, vol. i. p. 171., is a notice
+with an engraving of a tomb in Holme Church, near Southwell, bearing a
+sculptured emaciated figure of a youth evidently in the last stage of
+consumption, round which is this inscription: "Miseremini mei, miseremini
+mei, saltem vos amici mei, quia manus Domini tetigit me."
+
+J. P., JUN.
+
+_Do the Sun's Rays put out the Fire_ (Vol. vii., p. 285.).--It is known
+that solar light contains three distinct kinds of rays, which, when
+decomposed by a prism, form as many spectra, varying in properties as well
+as in position, viz. luminous, heating or calorific, and chemical or
+actinic rays.
+
+The greater part of the rays of heat are even less refrangible than the
+least refrangible rays of light, while the chemical rays are more
+refrangible than either. The latter are so called from their power of
+inducing many chemical changes, such as the decomposition of water by
+chlorine, and the reactions upon which photographic processes depend.
+
+The relative quantities of these several kinds of rays in sun-light varies
+with the time of day, the season, and the latitude of any spot. In general,
+where the luminous and heating rays are most abundant, the proportion of
+chemical rays is least; and, in fact, the two seem antagonistic to each
+other. Thus, near the equator, the luminous and calorific rays being most
+powerful, the chemical are feeble, as is shown by the length of time
+required for the production of photographic pictures. Hence, also, June and
+July are the worst months for the practice of photography, and better
+results are obtained before noon than after.
+
+It is precisely for a similar reason that the combustion of an ordinary
+fire, being strictly a chemical change, is retarded whenever the sun's
+heating and luminous rays are most powerful, as during bright {440}
+sunshine, and that observe our fires to burn more briskly in summer than
+winter; in fact, that apparently "the sun's rays put out the fire."
+
+A. W. W.
+
+Univ. Coll., London.
+
+_Spontaneous Combustion_ (Vol. vii., p. 286.).--A most interesting
+discussion of this question is to be found in Liebig's _Familiar Letters
+upon Chemistry_.
+
+That chemist proves conclusively:--1. That of the cases adduced none is
+well authenticated, while in most it is admitted that the victims were
+drunkards, and that generally a candle or lamp was in the room, and after
+the alleged combustion was found turned over. 2. That spontaneous
+combustion is absolutely impossible, the human frame containing 75 or 80
+per cent. of water; and since flesh, when saturated with alcohol, is not
+consumed upon the application of a light, the alcohol burning off first,
+the causes assigned to account for the spontaneous ignition are _a priori_
+extremely improbable.
+
+A. W. WILLS.
+
+Univ. Coll., London.
+
+_Ecclesia Anglicana_ (Vol. vii., p. 12.).--This has always been the
+appellation of the Church of England, just as much before the Reformation
+as after. I copy for G. R. M. one rather forcible sentence from the
+articles of a provincial synod, holden A.D. 1257:
+
+    "Et super istis articulis praenotatis fecit Bonifacius, Cant. Arch.
+    suorum suffraganeorum sibi subditorum universorum, praelatorum pariter
+    et cleri procuratorum, convocationem isto anno apud Londonias semel et
+    secundo, propter gravamina et oppressiones, de die in diem per summum
+    pontificem et D. Henricum Regem _Ecclesiae Anglicanae_
+    irrogatas."--Wilkin's _Concilia Mag. Brit. et Hib._, vol. i. p. 726.
+
+For other examples of the ante-reformational use of _Ecclesia Anglicana_, I
+can give him so large a reference as to Wilkins' book, _passim_; to the
+Writs for Parliament and Mandates for Convocation contained in the Appendix
+to Wake's _State of the Church and Clergy_; and to the extracts from _The
+Annals of Waverley_, and other old chronicles, quoted in Hody's _History of
+English Councils and Convocations_.
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Wyle Cop_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 243. 509.; Vol. v., p. 44.; Vol. vi., p.
+65.).--The summit of a steep hill in the town of Shrewsbury bears the name
+of _The Wyle Cop_. I think that these are two Welsh words, _Gwyl Cop_,
+meaning watch mound, slightly altered. _Gop_, near Newmarket in Flintshire,
+has a longer Welsh name, which is written by English people _Coperleni_.
+This, when correctly written, means, the mound of the light or fire-beacon.
+_Mole Cop_, the name of a lofty hill near Congleton, appears to be a slight
+corruption of the Welsh words _Moel y Cop_, the mountain of the mound.
+There is another lofty hill in Staffordshire called _Stiles Cop_. It seems
+probable that on both of these hills mounds may have been made in ancient
+times for the erection of fire-beacons. It would appear that Dr. Plot did
+not understand the Welsh language, as he has stated that he thought, in
+these instances, the word _Cop_ meant a mountain.
+
+N. W. S. (2.)
+
+_Chaucer_ (Vol. vii., p. 356).--No foreign original has ever been found for
+Chaucer's "House of Fame." Warton fancied that it had been translated or
+paraphrased from the Provencal, but could adduce no proof that it had. Old
+Geoffrey may have found the groundwork somewhere, in the course of his
+multifarious reading; but the main portion of the structure is evidently
+the work of his own hands, as the number of personal details and
+circumstances would tend to indicate. The forty lines comprising the "Lai
+of Marie," which Chaucer has worked up into the "Nonnes Preestes Tale" of
+some seven hundred lines, are printed in Tyrwhitt's Introductory Discourse
+to the _Canterbury Tales_, and will be sufficient to show what use he made
+of the raw material at his disposal. We may fairly presume that Emerson
+never took the trouble to investigate the matter, but contented himself
+with snatching up his materials from the nearest quarry, and then tumbling
+them out to the public.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+Tunbridge Wells.
+
+_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol. vii., p. 262.).--J. D. S. asks, "What were
+these privileges, and whence was the term Campvere derived?"
+
+In Scotland there exists an ancient institution called "The Convention of
+Royal Burghs," which still meets annually in Edinburgh, under the fixed
+presidency of the Lord Provost of that city. It is a representative body,
+consisting of delegates elected by the town councils of the royal burghs
+(not _boroughs_) of Scotland; and their business is to attend to such
+public measures as may affect the general interests of their constituents.
+In former times, however their powers and duties were of far more
+importance than they are now. The Convention seems to have exercised a
+general superintendence of the foreign trade of the kingdom. With a view to
+the promotion of that trade, they used to enter into commercial treaties,
+or _staple contracts_ as they were called, with the commercial cities of
+the Continent; and I have now before me one of these staple contracts, made
+with the city of Antwerp in 1540; and another with the city of Middleburg,
+in Zeeland, in 1541; but latterly they seem to have confined themselves to
+the town of _Campvere_, in Zeeland (island of Walcheren). In all these
+contracts it was stipulated {441} that the Scottish traders should enjoy
+certain privileges, which were considered of such importance that the crown
+appointed a _conservator_ of them. The last of these staple contracts was
+made with Campvere in the year 1747; but soon afterwards the increasing
+prosperity of Scotland, and the participation of its burgesses in the
+foreign trade of England, rendered such partial arrangements useless, and
+the contracts and the privileges have long since been reckoned among the
+things that were. The office of conservator degenerated into a sinecure. It
+was held for some time by the _Rev._ John Home, author of the tragedy of
+_Douglas_, who died in 1808; and afterwards by a Sir Alex. Lenier, whose
+name is found in the _Edinburgh Almanack_ as "Conservator at Campvere" till
+1847, when the office and the officer seem to have expired together.
+
+J. L.
+
+_Sir Gilbert Gerard_ (Vol. v., pp. 511. 571.).--In addition to the
+information I formerly sent you in answer to MR. SPEDDING'S inquiry, I am
+now enabled to state two facts, which greatly reduce the period within
+which the date of Sir Gilbert Gerard's death may be fixed. Among the
+records in Carlton Ride, is an enrolment of his account as _Custos Domus
+Conversorum_ from January 29, 34 Eliz. (1592) to January 29, 35 Eliz.
+(1593). And a search in Doctors' Commons has resulted in the discovery,
+that Sir Gilbert's will was proved, not, as Dugdale states, in April, 1592,
+but on April 6, 1593. He died therefore between January 29 and April 6,
+1593.
+
+Dugdale mentions that there is no epitaph on his monument.
+
+EDWARD FOSS.
+
+_Mistletoe_ (Vol. vii., p. 270.).--I wish to mention that the mistletoe has
+been tried at the Botanic Gardens belonging to Trinity College, Dublin;
+and, after flourishing for some years, it died away. Indeed, I think it has
+been repeatedly tried there, but without eventual success.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Wild Plants and their Names_ (Vol. vii., p. 233.).--_Cowslip_, "Palsy
+Wort." Culpepper says:
+
+    "Because they strengthen the brain and nerves, and remedy palsies, the
+    Greeks gave them the name _paralysis_." "The flowers preserved, or
+    conserved, and the quantity of a nutmeg taken every morning, is a
+    sufficient dose for inward disorders."
+
+For the ointment he gives the following receipt:
+
+    "Bruise the _flowers_; and to two handfuls of these, add a pound of
+    hog's grease dried. Put it in a stone pot, covered with paper, and set
+    it in the sun or a warm place three or four days to melt. Take it out
+    and boil it a little; strain it out when hot; pressing it out very hard
+    in a press. To this grease add as many herbs as before, and repeat the
+    whole process, if you wish the ointment strong.--Yet this I tell you,
+    the fuller of juice the herbs are, the sooner will your ointment be
+    strong; the last time you boil it, boil it so long till your herbs be
+    crisp, and the juice consumed; then strain it, pressing it hard in a
+    press; and to every pound of ointment, add two ounces of turpentine,
+    and as much wax."
+
+CERIDWEN.
+
+_Coninger or Coningry, Coneygar or Conygre_ (Vol. vii., pp. 182. 241.
+368.).--There are many fields in the midland counties which bear the name
+of _conigree_. In some instances they are in the vicinity of manor-houses.
+The British name of a rabbit is _cwningen_, plural _cwning_. That of a
+rabbit warren is _cwning-gaer_, that is, literally, rabbits' camp. The term
+_coneygar_ is so like this, that it may be supposed to have been derived
+from it.
+
+N. W. S. (2)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+It would be difficult to find a book better calculated to prove the good
+service which the Camden Society is rendering to historical literature,
+than the one which has just been circulated among its members. The work,
+which is entitled _Letters and Papers of the Verney Family down to the end
+of the year 1639. Printed from the original MSS. in the possession of Sir
+Harry Verney, Bart., edited by_ John Bruce, Esq., Treas. S. A., is of
+direct historical value, although at the first glance it would seem rather
+to illustrate the fortunes of the Verneys than the history of the country.
+For, as the editor well observes--
+
+    "The most valuable materials, even for general history, are to be found
+    among the records of private and personal experience. More true
+    knowledge of the spirit of an age, more real acquaintance with the
+    feelings and actual circumstances of a people, may be gleaned from a
+    delineation of the affairs of a single family, than from studied
+    historical composition. The one is the expression of cotemporary and
+    spontaneous feeling, and, although limited, is unquestionably genuine;
+    the other is a deduction from knowledge, imperfect even when most
+    extensive, and too frequently coloured by the feelings and prejudices
+    of a subsequent and altered period."
+
+But, valuable as are the materials which the liberality of Sir Harry Verney
+has placed at the disposal of the Society, it is obvious that they are of a
+nature which a publisher might hesitate to produce, even if their owner,
+which is very doubtful, had thought fit to place them in the hands of one
+for that purpose. Hence the utility of a society which has influence to
+draw from the muniment rooms of our old families, such materials as those
+found in the present volume, and which, strung together with the agreeable
+and instructive narrative with which Mr. Bruce has accompanied them, will
+secure for the _Verney Papers_ the character of being one of the very best,
+as well as of the most amusing books, which the Camden Society has given to
+the world. {442}
+
+Having had an opportunity of being present at the private view of Messrs.
+De la Motte and Cundall's _Photographic Institution_, in New Bond Street,
+we were highly pleased with the interesting specimens of the art there
+collected, which in our opinion far exceed any similar productions which
+have come before the public. We strongly advise our readers to visit this
+exhibition, that they may see the rapid progress which the art is making,
+and how applicable it is to their archaeological pursuits.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Vale Royal of England, or the County Palatine of
+Chester Illustrated. Abridged and revised, &c._, by Thomas Hughes. The
+title-page of this little volume puts forth its claim to the attention of
+Cheshire antiquaries.--_The Family Shakspeare_, by Thomas Bowdler, Vol. VI.
+This volume completes this handsome reprint of an edition of Shakspeare,
+which fathers and brothers, who may scruple at bringing before their
+daughters and sisters the blemishes which the character of the age has left
+in Shakspeare's writings, may safely present to them; as in it nothing is
+added to the original text, from which only those words and expressions are
+omitted which cannot with propriety be read in a family.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+  TILLOTSON. Vols. I., II., IV., V., XI. 12mo. Tonson, London, 1748.
+
+  LIVY. Vol I. 12mo. Maittaire, London, 1722.
+
+  ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. Vols. I., II., III., IV., V.,
+      XIX., XX. 5s. each. The above in Parts or Monthly Numbers will do.
+
+  THE AVIARY, OR MAGAZINE OF BRITISH MELODY.
+
+  A COLLECTION OF DIVERTING SONGS, AIRS, &c.: Both published about the
+      middle of last century.
+
+  CHURCHMAN'S SHEET ALMANAC: all the Years.
+
+  GRETTON'S INTRODUCTION TO TRANSLATION, &c. Part II.
+
+  VIEWS OF ARUNDEL HOUSE IN THE STRAND, 1646. London, published by T.
+      Thane, Rupert Street, Haymarket. 1792.
+
+  PARKER'S GLOSSARY OF ARCHITECTURE. 2nd Edition.
+
+  PICKERING'S STATUTES AT LARGE. 8vo. Edit. Camb. From 46 Geo. III. cap.
+      144. (Vol. XLVI. Part I.) to 1 Wm. IV.
+
+  EUROPEAN MAGAZINE. Nos. for May, 1817; January, February, May, June,
+      1818; April, June, July, October, and December, 1819.
+
+  STANHOPE'S PARAPHRASE OF EPISTLES AND GOSPELS. London, 1732. Vols. III.
+      and IV.
+
+  THE LAWYER AND MAGISTRATE'S MAGAZINE, complete, or single Volumes,
+      _circa_ 1805-1810.
+
+  TODD'S CYCLOPAEDIA OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY.
+
+  PHELPS' HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF SOMERSETSHIRE. Part 4., and Parts 9.
+      to end.
+
+  BAYLE'S DICTIONARY. English Version, by DE MAIZEAUX. London, 1738. Vols.
+      I. and II.
+
+  SWIFT'S (DEAN) WORKS. Dublin: G. Faulkner. 19 volumes 1768. Vol. I.
+
+  TRANSACTIONS OF THE MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. Vol. I. and II.
+
+  ARCHAEOLOGIA. Vols. III., IV., V., VII. Boards.
+
+  MARTYN'S PLANTAE CANTABRIGIENSES. 12mo. London, 1763.
+
+*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send
+their names._
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to a necessity for going to press this week at an unusually early
+period, that the present Number might be included in the Monthly Part, we
+are compelled to omit replies to many Correspondents._
+
+L. A. M. (Great Yarmouth) _will find several Notes respecting the means of
+discovering the bodies of the drowned in our_ 4th Vol., pp. 148. 251. 297.
+
+H. O. N. (Brighton). _In our own practice we have never obtained pictures
+with the agreeable colour which is produced by the iodide of silver, when
+iodide of ammonium has been used. The flaking of the collodion would
+indicate an excess of iodide, and is often cured by the addition of about
+twenty drops of alcohol to an ounce of collodion. The feathery appearance
+is difficult to comprehend, without seeing a specimen. If you are using
+glass which has been previously used, the most minute remains of iron would
+cause a discoloration. Muriatic acid is the most effectual remedy for
+cleaning glass so used. It may be procured at_ 21/2d. _per lb., and should be
+diluted with three parts of water._
+
+AN AMATEUR (Oxford). _We are not of opinion that Mr. Talbot could restrain
+any one from taking collodion portraits, as patentee of the Talbotype
+process. It is done in many parts of London daily without any
+permission.--See _Times'_ Advertisements, &c._
+
+C. E. F. _We think you use too strong a solution of the ammonio-nitrate of
+silver: thirty grains to the ounce of water, and then redissolved with the
+strong liq. ammon., give to us most satisfactory result,--the paper being
+prepared before with chloride of barium, chloride of sodium, and chloride
+of ammonia, of each half a drachm to the quart of water, in which half an
+ounce of mannite, or sugar of milk, has been previously dissolved. When
+sufficiently printed, put it into the hypo. sulph. solution, without
+previous immersion._
+
+H. L. L. _We shall be happy to render you the best assistance we can, if
+you will communicate with us again. For iodized paper we may safely refer
+you to our advertising columns._
+
+_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vi., _price
+Three Guineas, may now be had; for which early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES on MR. PRITCHARD'S construction, Micrometers,
+Polarizing Apparatus, Object glasses, and Eye-pieces. S. STRAKER supplies
+any of the above of the first quality, and will forward by post free a new
+priced List of Microscopes and Apparatus.
+
+162. FLEET STREET, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PURE NERVOUS or MIND COMPLAINTS.--if the readers of NOTES AND QUERIES, who
+suffer from depression of spirits, confusion, headache, blushing,
+groundless fears, unfitness for business or society, blood to the head,
+failure of memory, delusions, suicidal thoughts, fear of insanity, &c.,
+will call on, or correspond with, REV. DR. WILLIS MOSELEY, who, out of
+above 22,000 applicants, knows not fifty uncured who have followed his
+advice, he will instruct them how to get well, without a fee, and will
+render the same service to the friends of the insane.--At home from 11 to
+3.
+
+18. BLOOMSBURY STREET, BEDFORD SQUARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SPECTACLES.--WM. ACKLAND applies his medical knowledge as a Licentiate of
+the Apothecaries' Company, London, his theory as a Mathematician, and his
+practice as a Working Optician, aided by Smee's Optometer, in the selection
+of Spectacles suitable to every derangement of vision, so as to preserve
+the sight to extreme old age.
+
+ACHROMATIC TELESCOPES, with the New Vetzlar Eye-pieces, as exhibited at the
+Academy of Sciences in Paris. The Lenses of these Eye-pieces are so
+constructed that the rays of light fall nearly perpendicular to the surface
+of the various lenses, by which the aberration is completely removed; and a
+telescope so fitted give one-third more magnifying power and light than
+could be obtained by the old Eye-pieces. Prices of the various sizes on
+application to
+
+WM. ACKLAND, Optician, 93. Hatton Garden, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+STEEL PENS.--PARTRIDGE & COZEN'S STEEL PENS are the best; made of the
+purest steel, all selected and warranted. Fine or medium points, 1s. 3d.
+per box of twelve dozen; broad ditto, 1s. 6d.; extra broad, 1s. 6d., a very
+easy pen--will write with comfort on brown paper; correspondence pen, 1s.
+3d. per box--this pen adapts itself to any hand. P. & C. are the original
+makers, and although there are many imitations, it is still unequalled.
+Best magnum bonums, 3s. 6d. per gross; silver pens, 1s., and gold ditto,
+2s. each, warranted; patent holders, fit any pen, 6d. dozen, or 5s. gross.
+A liberal allowance to shippers and the trade. Samples per post, on receipt
+of six stamps.
+
+PARTRIDGE & COZEN'S Cheap Stationery Warehouses, 127. and 128. Chancery
+Lane.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+JUST PUBLISHED.--A CATALOGUE OF CURIOUS BOOKS, by J. CROZIER, 5. New
+Turnstile, near Lincoln's Inn Fields, Holborn. Catalogues sent on receipt
+of One Postage Stamp. {443}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PREPARING FOR IMMEDIATE PUBLICATION.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES:
+
+Comprising Plain Directions for the Practice of Photography, including the
+Collodion Process on Glass; the Paper and Wax-Paper Processes; Printing
+from Glass and Paper Negatives, &c.
+
+By DR. DIAMOND, F.S.A.
+
+With Notes on the Application of Photography to Archaeology, &c.,
+
+By WILLIAM J. THOMS, F.S.A.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186, Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC SCHOOL.--ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
+
+The spacious Plate Glass House, 30 feet by 15, with the Class Rooms and
+Ladies' Apartment, being nearly completed. Classes or Private Lessons,
+embracing all branches of Photography, will commence May 2nd, 1853, for
+Gentlemen, and May 3rd, for Ladies.
+
+A perfect Apparatus with Ross's finest Lenses has been procured, and every
+new improvement will be added.
+
+The School will be under the joint direction of T. A. MALONE, Esq., who has
+been long connected with Photography, and J. H. PEPPER, Esq., the Chemist
+to the Institution.
+
+A Prospectus, with terms, may be had at the Institution.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s., free by Post 1s. 4d.,
+
+THE WAXED-PAPER PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS of GUSTAVE LE GRAY'S NEW EDITION.
+Translated from the French.
+
+Sole Agents in the United Kingdom for VOIGHTLANDER & SON'S celebrated
+Lenses for Portraits and Views.
+
+General Depot for Turner's, Whatman's, Canson Freres', La Croix, and other
+Talbotype Papers.
+
+Pure Photographic Chemicals.
+
+Instructions and Specimens in every Branch of the Art.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's,
+Sanford's, and Canson Freres' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process.
+Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography.
+
+Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13.
+Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--Collodion (Iodized with the Ammonio-Iodide of Silver)--J. B.
+HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, were the first in England who
+published the application of this agent (see _Athenaeum_, Aug. 14th). Their
+Collodion (price 9d. per oz.) retains its extraordinary sensitiveness,
+tenacity, and colour unimpaired for months: it may be exported to any
+climate, and the Iodizing Compound mixed as required. J. B. HOCKIN & CO.
+manufacture PURE CHEMICALS and all APPARATUS with the latest Improvements
+adapted for all the Photographic and Daguerreotype processes. Cameras for
+Developing in the open Country. GLASS BATHS adapted to any Camera. Lenses
+from the best Makers. Waxed and Iodized Papers, &c.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLERICAL, MEDICAL, AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Established 1824.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FIVE BONUSES have been declared; at the last in January, 1852, the sum of
+131,125l. was added to the Policies, producing a Bonus varying with the
+different ages from 241/2 to 55 per cent. on the Premiums paid during the
+five years, or from 5l. to 12l. 10s. per cent. on the Sum Assured.
+
+The small share of Profit divisible in future among the Shareholders being
+now provided for, the ASSURED will hereafter derive all the benefits
+obtainable from a Mutual Office, WITHOUT ANY LIABILITY OR RISK OF
+PARTNERSHIP.
+
+POLICIES effected before the 30th June next, will be entitled, at the next
+Division, to one year's additional share of Profits over later Assurers.
+
+On Assurances for the whole of Life only one half of the Premiums need to
+be paid for the first five years.
+
+INVALID LIVES may be Assured at rates proportioned to the risk.
+
+Claims paid _thirty_ days after proof of death, and all Policies are
+_Indisputable_ except in cases of fraud.
+
+Tables of Rates and forms of Proposal can be obtained of any of the
+Society's Agents, or of
+
+GEORGE H. PINCKARD, Resident Secretary.
+
+_99. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury, London._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+_Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.
+  T. Grissell, Esq.
+  J. Hunt, Esq.
+  J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  E. Lucas, Esq.
+  J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+_Trustees._
+
+W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.
+
+_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+
+_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age      _L  s.  d._
+   17       1  14   4
+   22       1  18   8
+   27       2   4   5
+   32       2  10   8
+   37       2  18   6
+   42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+UNITED KINGDOM LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY: established by Act of Parliament in
+1834.--8. Waterloo Place, Pall Mall, London.
+
+  HONORARY PRESIDENTS.
+
+  Earl of Courtown
+  Earl Leven and Melville
+  Earl of Norbury
+  Earl of Stair
+  Viscount Falkland
+  Lord Elphinstone
+  Lord Belhaven and Stenton
+  Wm. Campbell, Esq., of Tillichewan
+
+      LONDON BOARD.
+
+  _Chairman._--Charles Graham, Esq.
+  _Deputy-Chairman._--Charles Downes, Esq.
+
+  H. Blair Avarne, Esq.
+  E. Lennox Boyd, Esq., F.S.A., _Resident_.
+  C. Berwick Curtis, Esq.
+  William Fairlie, Esq.
+  D. Q. Henriques, Esq.
+  J. G. Henriques, Esq.
+  F. C. Maitland, Esq.
+  William Railton, Esq.
+  F. H. Thomson, Esq.
+  Thomas Thorby, Esq.
+
+  MEDICAL OFFICERS.
+
+  _Physician._--Arthur H. Hassall, Esq., M.D.,
+  8. Bennett Street, St. James's.
+
+  _Surgeon._--F. H. Tomson, Esq., 48. Berners Street.
+
+The Bonus added to Policies from March, 1834, to December 31, 1847, is as
+follows:--
+
+    Sum    |   Time   |   Sum added to     |   Sum
+  Assured. | Assured. |      Policy        | Payable
+           |          +--------------------+ at Death.
+           |          | In 1841. In 1848.  |
+  ---------+----------+---------+----------+----------
+      L    |          |   L s.d.|   L  s.d.|    L  s.d.
+     5000  | 14 years | 683 6 8 | 787 10 0 | 6470 16 8
+   * 1000  |  7 years |  -  -   | 157 10 0 | 1157 10 0
+      500  |  1 year  |  -  -   |  11  5 0 |  511  5 0
+
+* EXAMPLE.--At the commencement of the year 1841, a person aged thirty took
+out a Policy for 1000l., the annual payment for which is 24l. 1s. 8d.; in
+1847 he had paid in premiums 168l. 11s. 8d.; but the profits being 21/4 per
+cent. per annum on the sum insured (which is 22l. 10s. per annum for each
+1000l.) he had 157l. 10s. added to the Policy, almost as much as the
+premiums paid.
+
+The Premiums, nevertheless, are on the most moderate scale, and only
+one-half need be paid for the first five years, when the Insurance is for
+Life. Every information will be afforded on application to the Resident
+Director.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may
+be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured
+Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of
+Photography in all its Branches.
+
+Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument
+Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. {444}
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+DE LOLME ON THE CONSTITUTION OF ENGLAND, or ACCOUNT of the ENGLISH
+GOVERNMENT; edited, with Life and Notes, by JOHN MACGREGOR, M.P. Post 8vo.,
+cloth 3s. 6d.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+DIOGENES LAERTIUS, LIVES and OPINIONS of the ANCIENT PHILOSOPHERS,
+translated, with Notes, by C. D. YONGE, B.A. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+NORWAY and its SCENERY, Comprising PRICE'S JOURNAL, with large Additions,
+and a ROAD-BOOK. Edited by THOS. FORESTER, Esq., with 22 Illustrations,
+beautifully engraved on steel by Lucas. Post 8vo., cloth, 5s.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR APRIL AND MAY.
+
+HUMPHREY'S COIN COLLECTOR'S MANUAL: a Popular Introduction to the Study of
+Coins, Ancient and Modern; with elaborate Indexes, and numerous
+highly-finished Engravings on wood and steel. 2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 5s.
+per volume.
+
+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOHN'S ANTIQUARIAN LIBRARY FOR MAY.
+
+PAULI'S LIFE OF ALFRED THE GREAT, translated from the German. To which is
+appended, ALFRED'S ANGLO-SAXON VERSION of OROSIUS, with a Literal English
+Translation interpaged, Notes, and an Anglo-Saxon Alphabet and Glossary, by
+B. THORPE, Esq. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s.
+
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+GERVINUS' INTRODUCTION to his HISTORY of the 19th CENTURY, translated from
+the German, with a Memoir of the Author.
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+HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden.
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+KENNEDY'S SELECTIONS of CLASSICAL POETRY, being principally Translations
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+THE PLAYS OF SHAKSPEARE. The Text regulated by the old copies, and by the
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+Edited by J. PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ., F.S.A.
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+RIVINGTON'S, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; and SIMPKIN,
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+Also, by the same Author,
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+1. A SECOND LATIN BOOK and PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. Intended as a Sequel to
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+This day, Foolscap Octavo, price 7s. 6d.
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+THE POEMS OF GOETHE, Translated in the Original Metres. By EDGAR ALFRED
+BOWRING. Preceded by a Sketch of Goethe's Life.
+
+Also, translated by Mr. Bowring, 6s.
+
+THE POEMS OF SCHILLER COMPLETE.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+The Twenty-eighth Edition.
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+NEUROTONICS, or the Art of Strengthening the Nerves, containing Remarks on
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+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary
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+The Annual General Meeting will be held at the Freemasons' Tavern, Great
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+The following are the Publications of the Society for the year 1852-53:
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+Household Account of the Princess Elizabeth 1551-2. 3. The Request and
+Suite of a True-hearted Englishman, written by William Cholmeley, 1553. 4.
+Discovery of the Jesuits' College at Clerkenwell in March, 1627-8. 5.
+Trelawny Papers; and 6. Autobiography of William Taswell. D.D.
+
+II. Letters and Papers of the Verney Family down to the end of the year
+1639. Printed from the original MSS. in the possession of Sir Harry Verney,
+Bart. Edited by JOHN BRUCE, ESQ., Treas. S.A.
+
+III. Regulae Inclusarum: The Ancren Rewele: A treatise on the Rules and
+Duties of Monastic Life, in the Anglo-Saxon Dialect of the 13th Century.
+Edited by the REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D., Prebendary of Lincoln. (Nearly
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+The Subscription to the Society is 1l. per annum, which becomes due on the
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+IN VOLUMES FOR THE POCKET, PRICE FIVE SHILLINGS EACH.
+
+Now ready, in Six Volumes, fcp. 8vo., price 5s. each.
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+BOWDLER'S FAMILY SHAKSPEARE. In which nothing is added to the Original
+Text; but those Words and Expressions are _omitted_ which cannot with
+propriety be read aloud in a Family. A New Edition.
+
+*** Also a LIBRARY EDITION, with 36 Wood Engravings, from Designs by
+Smirke, Howard, and other Artists; complete in One Volume, 8vo., price One
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+
+London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+This Day, Seventh Edition, revised, 5s.
+
+VIEW OF THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING A FUTURE STATE.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+LECTURES ON THE CHARACTERS OF OUR LORD'S APOSTLES. 3s. 6d.
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+LECTURES ON THE SCRIPTURE REVELATIONS RESPECTING GOOD AND EVIL ANGELS. 3s.
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+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+Now publishing, in post 8vo., price 5s. cloth.
+
+THE LEARNED SOCIETIES AND PRINTING CLUBS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM: being an
+Account of their respective Origin, History, Objects, and Constitution. By
+the REV. A. HUME, LL.D. With a SUPPLEMENT, containing all the recently
+established Societies and Printing Clubs, and COMPLETE LISTS OF THEIR
+PUBLICATIONS to the present Time, by A. I. EVANS. This Work will be found
+of great utility to all Literary Men, Public Libraries, &c.
+
+G. WILLIS, Piazza, Covent Garden.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of
+St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 30.
+1853.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 183, April
+30, 1853, by Various
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #26753 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26753)