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+ <head>
+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
+
+ <title>Gambia, by Fred J. Melville</title>
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Gambia, by Frederick John Melville
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Gambia
+
+Author: Frederick John Melville
+
+Release Date: September 12, 2008 [EBook #26601]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GAMBIA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Simon Gardner, Sankar Viswanathan, Adrian
+Mastronardi, The Philatelic Digital Library Project at
+http://www.tpdlp.net, and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/title_page.jpg" width="500" height="743" alt="Title Page" /></div>
+
+
+
+<h1>Gambia</h1>
+
+<h3>By</h3>
+<h2>Fred J. Melville,</h2>
+<h4>President of the Junior<br />
+Philatelic Society.</h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 125px;">
+<img src="images/image_003.jpg" width="125" height="171" alt="seal" /></div>
+
+<h4>MDCCCCIX&mdash;PUBLISHED&mdash;BY&mdash;THE</h4>
+<h4>MELVILLE&mdash;STAMP&mdash;BOOKS,</h4>
+<h4>47,&mdash;STRAND,&mdash;LONDON,&mdash;W.C.</h4>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page7" id="page7"></a>[pg 7]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_001.jpg" width="600" height="181" alt="Decorative Image" /></div>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><a name="Introductory_Note" id="Introductory_Note"></a>INTRODUCTORY NOTE.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_i.jpg" alt="I" width="14" height="50" /></div>
+<p>n collecting the stamps of Gambia one cannot too
+strongly emphasise the necessity for guarding the
+stamps of the "Cameo" series against deterioration
+by the pressure of the leaves in an ordinary unprotected
+album. In their pristine state with clear and
+bold embossing these stamps are of exceptional grace
+and beauty. Sunk mounts or other similar contrivances,
+and a liberal use of tissue paper, should be utilised by
+the collector who desires to retain his specimens in their
+original state. A neat strip of card affixed to each side
+of the page in an ordinary album will have the effect of
+keeping the pages above from flattening out the embossing,
+but tissue paper should be used as an additional safeguard.</p>
+
+<p>We have to express thanks to Mr. Douglas Ellis,
+Vice-President of the Junior Philatelic Society, for
+his notes on the postmarks&mdash;of which he has made a
+special study&mdash;and also for the loan of his entire
+collection of the stamps of Gambia for reference and
+illustration; to Mr. H. H. Harland for a similar
+courtesy in the loan of his collection; to Mr. W. H.
+Peckitt for the loan of stamps for illustration; to Mr.
+D. B. Armstrong for interesting notes on the postal affairs
+of the Colony; and to Mr. S. R. Turner for his diagrams.</p>
+
+<p>To the first two gentlemen we are also indebted for
+their kindness in undertaking the revision of the proofs
+of this handbook.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page8" id="page8"></a>[pg 8]</span></p>
+
+<h2>TABLE OF CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table summary="Table of Contents.">
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Introductory_Note">Introductory Note,</a></span> </td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page7">7</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_I">Chapter I.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_I">The Colony and Its Posts</a></span><a href="#Chapter_I">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page11">11</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_II">Chapter II.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_II">Cameo Issue of 1869</a></span><a href="#Chapter_II">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page16">16</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_III">Chapter III.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_III">Issue of 1874</a></span><a href="#Chapter_III">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page20">20</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_IV">Chapter IV.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_IV">Issue of 1880</a></span><a href="#Chapter_IV">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page25">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_V">Chapter V.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_V">Issue of 1886-87</a></span><a href="#Chapter_V">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page37">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_VI">Chapter VI.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_VI">Queen's Head Series, 1898</a></span><a href="#Chapter_VI">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page45">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_VII">Chapter VII.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_VII">King's Head Series, 1902-1906</a></span><a href="#Chapter_VII">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page50">50</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_VIII">Chapter VIII.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_VIII">Provisional Issue, 1906</a></span><a href="#Chapter_VIII">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page53">53</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_IX">Chapter IX.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_IX">Bibliography</a></span><a href="#Chapter_IX">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page56">56</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_X">Chapter X.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#Chapter_X">Check List</a></span><a href="#Chapter_X">, </a></td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page58">58</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="sc"><a href="#APPENDIX">Appendix.</a></span></td>
+<td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"><span class="sc"><a href="#APPENDIX">Notes on the Postmarks</a></span><a href="#APPENDIX">, by Douglas Ellis,</a> </td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#page66">66</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page11" id="page11"></a>[pg 11]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="" /></div>
+
+<h1>Gambia.</h1>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_I" id="Chapter_I"></a><span class="sc">Chapter I.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>The Colony and Its Posts.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he British West African possession known as
+the Colony and Protectorate of the Gambia
+occupies a narrow strip of territory (averaging
+12 miles in width) on both sides of the Gambia
+river. The territory comprises the settlement of St.
+Mary, where the capital&mdash;Bathurst&mdash;is situated,
+British Cambo, Albreda, M'Carthy's Island and the
+Ceded Mile, a protectorate over a narrow band of land
+extending from Cape St. Mary for over 250 miles along
+both banks of the river.</p>
+
+<p>The Gambia river was discovered by a Portuguese
+navigator in 1447; under a charter of Queen
+Elizabeth a company was formed to trade with the
+Gambia in 1588. In the reign of James II. a fort was
+erected by British traders at the mouth of the river
+(1686), and for many years their only traffic was in
+slaves. The territory became recognised as a British
+possession under the Treaty of Versailles, and on
+the enforced liquidation of the chartered company it
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page12" id="page12"></a>[pg 12]</span>
+was incorporated with the Crown as one of the West
+African settlements. Until 1843, when it was granted
+separate government, it was administered by the
+Governor of Sierra Leone. In 1868 it was again
+annexed to Sierra Leone, and not until twenty years
+later was it created a separate Crown Colony with a
+Governor and responsible government of its own. At
+present the staple trade of the Colony is ground nuts,
+but efforts are being made to induce the natives to take
+up other products.</p>
+
+<p>Postally there is little to record prior to 1866, which
+is the date ascribed by Mr. F. Bisset Archer, Treasurer
+and Postmaster-General, to an alteration in the scale of
+postage, the half ounce weight for letters being introduced.
+The rate to Great Britain was, we believe,
+from that date 6d. per half ounce.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Archer also gives this year (1866) as the date
+when the first postage stamps of the Colony were
+issued. This date was for a time accepted in the
+stamp catalogues, but it is now generally believed to
+be an error, the earliest records in the stamp journals of
+the period shewing the date to be 1869.</p>
+
+<p>The postal notices we have been able to trace are of
+but little interest, the following being all that bear on
+matters of interest to collectors:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<h4>POST OFFICE NOTICE.</h4>
+
+<h4><i>Reduction of Postage, &amp;c.</i></h4>
+
+<p>On and from the 1st April, 1892, the Postage to all parts of
+the World on Letters, Newspapers, Books, etc., will be as
+follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+For Letters, 2½d. per ½ oz.</p>
+
+<p>For Postcards, 1d. each.</p>
+
+<p>For Reply Postcards, 2d. each.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page13" id="page13"></a>[pg 13]</span></p>
+
+<p>For Newspapers, books, printed papers, commercial papers,
+patterns and samples, ½d. per 2 oz., with the Postal
+Union proviso of a minimum payment of 2½d. for a
+packet of commercial papers, and of 1d. for a packet of
+patterns or samples.</p>
+
+<p>Fee for registration of any of the above named articles,
+2d.</p>
+
+<p>Fee for the acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered
+article, 2½d.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="f1">
+<p>By His Excellency's Command,</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(Signed) J. H. FINDEN,</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>Postmaster.</i></p>
+</div><div class="f2">
+<p>Post Office, Bathurst, Gambia,</p>
+<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>3rd March, 1892.</i></p>
+ </div>
+
+
+<h4>POST OFFICE.</h4>
+
+<h4>Ordinance No. 6 of 1897.</h4>
+
+<p class="f3"><i>March 11th, 1897.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Post Office
+Ordinance, 1897, Inland Postal Regulations.</p>
+
+<p>13. From and after the commencement of this Ordinance,
+postal packets may be sent by post between such places in the
+Colony of the Gambia and the Protected Territories adjacent
+thereto as may be from time to time notified by the Administrator.</p>
+
+<p>14. The Administrator-in-Council may from time to time
+make in relation to the inland post hereby established such
+regulations as he may think fit&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+For prescribing and regulating the places, times, and
+modes of posting and delivery.</p>
+
+<p>For fixing the rates of postage to be payable on inland
+letters and postal packets.</p>
+
+<p>For prescribing payment of postage and regulating the
+mode thereof.</p>
+
+<p>For regulating the affixing of postage stamps.</p>
+
+<p>For prescribing and regulating the payment again of
+postage in case of redirection.</p>
+
+<p>For regulating the dimensions and maximum weight of
+packet.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page14" id="page14"></a>[pg 14]</span></p>
+
+<p>For prohibiting or restricting the printing or writing of
+marks or communications or words.</p>
+
+<p>For prohibiting enclosures.</p>
+
+<p>For restricting the sending or conveyance of inland letters.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>and such other regulations as the Administrator shall from
+time to time consider desirable for the more efficient working
+of such Inland Post.</p>
+
+<p>And may affix a penalty not exceeding ten pounds, to be
+recovered summarily before the Chief Magistrate, or two
+Justices of the Peace, or, in default of payment, imprisonment
+not exceeding two weeks for a contravention of any such
+regulation.</p>
+
+<p>15. Any revenue derived from the Inland Post herein
+established shall be paid into the Colonial Treasury at such
+times and in such a manner as the Administrator shall direct,
+and shall be applied to the general purposes of the Colony.</p>
+
+<p>Insurance of and Compensation for loss and damage to
+Parcels.</p>
+
+<p>11. Subject to the provisions of this Ordinance, if any
+article of pecuniary value enclosed in, or forming part of, a
+parcel be lost or damaged whilst in the course of transmission
+through the post, it shall be lawful for the Administrator to
+cause to be paid out of the public revenues of the Colony to
+any person or persons who may, in the opinion of the Postmaster,
+establish a reasonable claim to compensation (having
+regard to the nature of the article, the care with which it was
+packed, and other circumstances), the following rates of compensation&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+(<i>a</i>) In respect of an uninsured parcel, such sum, not
+exceeding twenty shillings, as he may think just.</p>
+
+<p>(<i>b</i>) In respect of an insured parcel the following scale
+shall apply&mdash;
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<table class="tb1" summary="">
+<tr><td align="center">To secure </td><td align="center">compensation </td><td align="center">up to </td><td align="right">£12 </td><td align="center">there shall be </td><td align="center">payable </td><td align="center">a fee of </td><td align="right">5d</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">£24 </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">7½d</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">£36 </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">10d</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">£48 </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">1/0½d</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">£50 </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="right">1/3</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>We gather from the official handbook edited by Mr.
+Archer that a Government steamer maintains weekly
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page15" id="page15"></a>[pg 15]</span>
+communication between the Capital, Bathurst, and
+M'Carthy's Island both for passengers and mails.
+There is no house-to-house delivery of mails at either
+place.</p>
+
+<p>Gambia joined the Universal Postal Union on
+January 1st, 1879; the Imperial Penny Postage rate
+was adopted from December 25th, 1898; and the unit
+of weight for colonial and foreign letter postage was
+raised from half an ounce to one ounce on October 1st,
+1907. The Cash on Delivery system was introduced
+on October 15th, 1908.</p>
+
+<p>The following table gives an outline of the postal
+business, the large fluctuations in the revenue being
+chiefly due to the fluctuations in the demand for postage
+stamps from dealers and collectors:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="" rules="groups" frame="void" cellpadding="4">
+<thead>
+<tr><td align="left">Year </td><td align="right">Revenue </td><td align="center" colspan="3">Expenditure </td><td align="right">Letters </td><td align="right">Parcels</td></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td align="left">1895 </td><td align="right"> £686</td><td align="right" colspan="3"></td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1896 </td><td align="right">1,506</td><td align="right" colspan="3"></td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1897 </td><td align="right">1,845</td><td align="right" colspan="3"></td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1898 </td><td align="right">2,140</td><td align="right" colspan="3"></td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1899 </td><td align="right"> 589</td><td align="right" colspan="3"></td><td align="right"></td><td align="right"></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1900 </td><td align="right"> 459</td><td align="right" colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">66,612 </td><td align="right"> 782</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1901 </td><td align="right"> 769</td><td align="right" colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">77,937 </td><td align="right">1151</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1902 </td><td align="right">1,452</td><td align="right" colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">77,918 </td><td align="right">1340</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1903 </td><td align="right"> 553</td><td align="right" colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">94,365 </td><td align="right">1532</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1904 </td><td align="right"> 597</td><td align="right" colspan="3"> </td><td align="right">94,358 </td><td align="right">1677</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1905 </td><td align="right">2,731</td><td align="right"> £808</td><td align="right"> 0</td><td align="right"> 0 </td><td align="right">91,768 </td><td align="right">1554</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1906 </td><td align="right">1,317</td><td align="right"> 712</td><td align="right"> 15</td><td align="right"> 10 </td><td align="right">98,379 </td><td align="right">1994</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page16" id="page16"></a>[pg 16]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="Decorative Image" /></div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_II" id="Chapter_II"></a><span class="sc">Chapter II.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>"Cameo" Issue of 1869.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image_014.jpg" width="500" height="239" alt="Cameo Issue" /></div>
+<div class="figleft1"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he <i>Philatelist</i> for March 1, 1869, contained the
+first intimation of the preparation of stamps for
+the Colony of</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="center">"<span class="sc">Gambia.</span></p>
+
+<p>"We are proud to announce the preparation of stamps for
+this African settlement. In a central circle is Queen Victoria's
+coroneted head in white relief; in straight bands above is
+GAMBIA; below, the value, which, as well as the spandril
+ornamentation, is embossed in white. The stamp is nearly
+square, and the specimens possessed by our correspondent are
+imperforate. Values:
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<table class="tb2" summary="">
+<tr><td align="right">4 </td><td align="center">pence, </td><td align="center">deep </td><td align="left">brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">6 </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td>
+<td align="left">blue.&quot;</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page17" id="page17"></a>[pg 17]</span></p>
+
+<p>The stamps were manufactured by Messrs. de la
+Rue &amp; Co. by a double process of flat printing and
+of relief embossing, the flat printing being doubtless
+effected first and the embossing afterwards. This
+combination was unusually effective, and the finished
+stamps rank among the handsomest adhesive postage
+stamps known to collectors.</p>
+
+<p>As embossing evenly over a large area presented
+considerable difficulties, the plates were made up of
+fifteen stamps only, in three horizontal rows of five
+stamps. The plates for both processes evidently fitted
+each other with precision, though in the printing occasionally
+the embossing is slightly out of register.</p>
+
+<p>The paper is white wove and has no watermark,
+and the stamps were not perforated. There are two
+colours of the gum, one being the usual clear white:
+the other is a pale yellow colour, which may, however,
+be due to climatic influence, particularly as it is a noticeable
+feature of a number of the later issues.</p>
+
+<p>The colour of the 4d. value varies in shade from a
+deep chocolate brown to brown and pale brown. The
+6d. is pale to deep blue. There is a quite pale shade
+which is very rarely met with, most of the so-called
+"pale blue" specimens being an intermediate shade
+better described as "blue."</p>
+
+<p>The sheets of both values shew one printer's guide
+dot in each side margin, opposite stamps No. 6 and
+10 respectively (<a href="#Plate_I">plate I</a>).</p>
+
+<p>Both values are known with the embossing shewing
+a distinct double impression.</p>
+
+<p>There are some peculiarities in these stamps which,
+although their significance is uncertain, it may not be
+well to overlook.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page18" id="page18"></a>[pg 18]</span></p>
+
+<p>Firstly, there frequently occurs throughout the embossed
+stamps of Gambia a small spot of colour on the
+back hair, which in later embossed stamps becomes a
+large spot, and even develops into a coloured indentation
+from the coloured circular ground.</p>
+
+<p>In this issue the spot, when it occurs, is usually quite
+small, two copies of the 6d. examined shewing it somewhat
+enlarged.</p>
+
+<p>Secondly, there are noticeable varieties of the pendant
+curl at the back. The normal design shews a fairly
+thick wavy curl with a hair branching out from it into
+the space between the curl and the neck. This sub-curl,
+as we may call it, is occasionally missing, broken,
+or as in No. 11 on the imperforate 6d. sheet (<a href="#Plate_I">plate I</a>),
+the curl and sub-curl have joined together, giving a very
+different appearance to the back hair. There are also
+varying lengths of the main curl.</p>
+
+<p>In the sheet of the 6d. value the plates seem to have
+been slightly defective, and there is a gentle slope down
+from the centre to the outside stamp on each side (Nos.
+1 and 5), the slope being more pronounced on No. 5,
+where the upper label containing the word Gambia is
+recognised as the variety with slanting label. The left
+side of stamp 5 is 22½mm. high, and the right side
+22mm. That the peculiarity occurs reversed on stamp
+No. 1, though it is less pronounced, there can be no
+doubt. In later issues both stamps 1 and 5 shew the
+defect more prominently, as will be readily seen from
+an examination of plates <a href="#Plate_I">I.</a>, <a href="#Plate_X">X.</a>, and <a href="#Plate_XI">XI</a>. Curiously
+enough, the fault is not confined to the two outside
+stamps, as is generally supposed. The trouble is in the
+entire top row being ½mm. taller than the normal stamps
+of rows 2 and 3, except the left and right sides
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page19" id="page19"></a>[pg 19]</span>
+respectively of the end stamps (Nos. 1 and 5). The
+middle stamp of the top row shews a further peculiarity
+in the shape of the base of the neck. (Compare plates
+<a href="#Plate_I">I.</a>, <a href="#Plate_X">X.</a>, <a href="#Plate_XI">XI.</a>, with <a href="#Plate_XIV">XIV.</a>)</p>
+
+<p>Copies of both values exist overprinted <span class="sc">specimen</span>,
+and we have seen similar copies of all the regular issues
+of this Colony.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/image_017.jpg" width="250" height="284" alt="" /></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page20" id="page20"></a>[pg 20]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="Decorative Image" /></div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_III" id="Chapter_III"></a><span class="sc">Chapter III.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Issue of 1874.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he introduction of watermarked paper for these
+stamps occurred in 1874, the paper being that
+familiar to collectors of British Colonial stamps
+as watermarked "Crown C.C." The paper
+was not readily adaptable for the small sheets of the
+Gambia stamps, and the method of cutting it to suitable
+sizes for these sheets has produced some varieties for
+the specialist.</p>
+
+<p>Major Evans, writing in the <i>Philatelic Record</i> for
+January, 1883, says:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"Most collectors are probably aware that the stamps of the
+British Colonies printed in England are, as a rule, in sheets of
+240, divided into four panes of 60, each pane consisting of ten
+horizontal rows of six stamps. The Crown and C.C. watermarks
+are arranged in the same manner upon the sheet of
+paper; each pane is enclosed in a single-lined frame. Down
+the centre of the sheet is a blank space of about half an inch
+wide; across the centre is a wider space, watermarked with
+the words <span class="sc">crown colonies</span>, which are also repeated
+twice along each side of the sheet.</p>
+
+<p>"Some of my readers may have noticed that the watermark
+is not always very clearly shown in the Gambia stamps. This
+is due partly to the fact of their being embossed, and partly to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page21" id="page21"></a>[pg 21]</span>
+their being arranged in small blocks of fifteen&mdash;three horizontal
+rows of five&mdash;so that a row of five stamps is printed on a row
+of six watermarks, and in most cases a complete watermark is
+not found on any one of the stamps in a block. Very frequently
+the upper and lower blocks on a sheet encroach on the margins,
+and consequently some of the stamps show portions of the
+words <span class="sc">crown colonies</span> in watermark; and I have seen a
+block which had been printed in the centre of one side of a
+sheet, and the middle row of which was watermarked
+<span class="sc">colonies</span>, while the upper and lower rows bore the Crown
+and C.C. Recent printings of some of the values of Gambia
+show the blocks printed sideways on the sheet, in which case
+each stamp will not show a complete watermark; and of these
+again I have seen a block with the vertical division of the sheet
+running across the central row."
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>In addition the stamps have been found with the
+watermark reversed, indicating that occasionally a sheet
+has been fed into the press the wrong side up. Inverted
+watermarks of this Crown and C.C. type are
+also to be found.</p>
+
+<p>Of this issue, which comprises the same two values&mdash;4d.
+brown and 6d. blue, imperforate&mdash;we get the
+following variations in the watermark&mdash;</p>
+
+<table class="tb3" summary="">
+<tr><td align="left">Crown C.C. </td><td align="left">upright (Fig. A).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted (Fig. C).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">reversed (Fig. B).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Portions of the words <span class="sc">crown colonies</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="2">Bars (<i>i.e.</i>, division lines of the panes).</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The gum shews the same variation&mdash;white and
+yellow&mdash;as in the original issue. The 4d. stamp varies
+in colour from deep brown to pale brown; the 6d.
+deep blue to blue, the solid colour in this case presenting
+a very mottled appearance.</p>
+
+<p>Again, both values are known with the embossing
+doubly impressed.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page22" id="page22"></a>[pg 22]</span></p>
+
+<p>Very few copies of the 4d. of this issue examined
+shew the spot on the hair, but in the sheet of the 6d.
+(<a href="#Plate_I">plate I.</a>) there are faint spots on stamps Nos. 1, 4, 5,
+9, 12 and 13.</p>
+
+<p>No. 11 on the same sheet shews the curl and sub-curl
+joined.</p>
+
+<p>The date of issue of these watermarked stamps is
+uncertain, but the 6d. was chronicled in <i>Le Timbre
+Poste</i> for December, 1874. The 4d. was not recorded
+in any of the contemporary magazines, and
+was probably not issued until some time after the
+higher denomination.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/image_020.jpg" width="400" height="511" alt="" />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page25" id="page25"></a>[pg 25]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="Decorative Image" /></div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_IV" id="Chapter_IV"></a><span class="sc">Chapter IV.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Issue of 1880.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<p>ogether with a number of other colonial possessions,
+Gambia was admitted to the Universal
+Postal Union on January 1st, 1879, and in
+June of the following year (1880) a more
+comprehensive series of postage stamps was issued, all
+modelled after the same fashion as the two denominations
+which had done service in the Colony for the
+previous twelve years. The convenience of perforation
+was adopted at the same time. The new series comprised
+the following values, the shades being given in
+the approximate order of printings&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="" >
+<tr><td align="right" valign="top">½d. </td><td align="left">golden yellow, deep golden yellow, pale orange, vermilion, deep orange vermilion, citron,<a id="footnotetag1" name="footnotetag1"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> pale ochre.<a id="footnotetag1a" name="footnotetag1a"></a><a href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> 1d. </td><td align="left">lake, deep lake.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> 2d. </td><td align="left">pale rose, rose, deep rose.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> 3d. </td><td align="left">pale ultramarine, deep ultramarine, deep blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> 4d. </td><td align="left">sepia brown, deep sepia brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> 6d. </td><td align="left">pale blue, blue, deep blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> 1s. </td><td align="left">bright green, deep green.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="footnote"><a name="footnote1" id="footnote1"></a><a href="#footnotetag1"><span class="label">[<b>Footnote 1</b>]</span></a><p>
+The ½d. citron and ½d. pale ochre are generally believed to be
+changelings, due to atmospheric or other influences after the stamps
+were printed.</p></div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page26" id="page26"></a>[pg 26]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image_024_1.jpg" width="500" height="168" alt="" />
+</div>
+<p>The watermark on this issue appears variously upright
+or sideways, varieties of each being inverted.
+The normal "sideways" may be taken as from left
+to right. Portions of the marginal lettering and the
+vertical division lines of the panes are also to be
+found. The following is a synopsis of these varieties&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="" >
+<tr><td align="left">Crown C.C. </td><td align="center">vertical </td><td align="left">(Fig. A).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted (Fig. C).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center">sideways </td><td align="left">(Fig. D).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted (Fig. E).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Portions of words "<span class="sc">crown colonies</span>."</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">Division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The subject of perforations is of peculiar interest in
+this and the next issue of the stamps of Gambia, as
+while to a certain extent the printings are to be
+differentiated by shade the chief distinctions may be
+made in the case of blocks and sheets by the perforations.</p>
+
+<p>At first the stamps were perforated by a single line
+machine gauging 14. A single line machine, as its
+name implies, simply makes a single long row of holes
+in one direction&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_024_2.jpg" width="600" height="20" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>In the present case, where the sheets were so small, the
+row is much longer than necessary, so in the sheets it
+extends through the margins on all sides, as in <a href="#Plate_II">plate II</a>.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page29" id="page29"></a>[pg 29]</span></p>
+
+<p>The horizontal rows may be perforated first (one row
+at a time), and then the sheet is turned sideways and
+the vertical divisions are similarly perforated. A
+peculiarity of this style of perforating machine is that
+the points where the vertical lines cross the horizontal
+lines rarely fail to fall foul of each other, and an effect
+is produced like this&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image_027.jpg" width="500" height="579" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h4>Single line perforation. Note the crossing of perforated lines.</h4>
+
+<p>In this manner it is possible to tell blocks and pairs of
+this perforation without any side margins. Single
+copies perforated in this manner can occasionally be
+detected by the distance between the vertical perforations.
+In the later perforation of this issue the distance
+is fixed (as will be shewn), and the distance is 20½mm.,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page30" id="page30"></a>[pg 30]</span>
+measuring from perf. point to perf. point across the
+stamp. Any stamp differing in width to any extent
+more than ½mm. from 20½mm. may therefore be set
+down as perforated by the single line machine.</p>
+
+<p>We have seen all the values except the 2d. rose and
+1/- green perforated by the single line machine, in
+practically every case the C.C. watermark being upright,
+the exception being a strip of three 6d. with the
+sideways watermark. All the sheets with this perforation
+appear to have one printer's guide dot in the centre
+of each side margin.</p>
+
+<p>The next form of perforating machine introduced in
+later printings of the Crown and C.C. 1880 issue is
+known as a comb machine. The comb machine perforates
+three sides of a stamp at once, and the form of
+the first comb machine was arranged thus&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_028.jpg" width="600" height="84" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The arrangement of the teeth of the comb fitted the
+arrangement of the panes of the regular Colonial postage
+stamps printed by Messrs. De la Rue &amp; Co., the
+narrow spaced teeth in the centre marking the dividing
+space between two horizontal panes.</p>
+
+<p>In perforating the stamps of Gambia in the small
+sheets of fifteen in three horizontal rows of five, both
+sides of the machine appear to have been used, the
+extreme end portion of the comb at either end running
+off the side margin of the small sheet. When the left
+portion of the machine was being used the sheet was
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page33" id="page33"></a>[pg 33]</span>
+inserted upright and the top row of stamps perforated
+first, the effect being that the top margin is not cut
+through by vertical perforations, and the bottom row is
+(see <a href="#Plate_III">plate III</a>.).</p>
+
+<p>When the right-hand portion was in use the sheets
+appear to have been systematically inverted when
+placed in the machine. This left the bottom margin
+blank and the top margin cut through. Had the sheet
+been simply inverted and perforated by the same portion
+of the machine, as already described, the narrow spaced
+teeth would have been produced on the left hand
+margin instead of the right. A comparison of plates
+<a href="#Plate_III">III.</a> and <a href="#Plate_VI">VI.</a> will shew that the narrow spacing is on the
+right in both cases, but in III. the perforating has been
+started at the top on the left side of the machine, and
+in VI. from the bottom on the right side of the
+machine.</p>
+
+<p>It is possible that sheets exist with the narrow spaced
+lines of perforation on the left side. We have searched
+in vain for such varieties, but they may exist. A sheet
+inverted when placed on the left side of the machine
+would shew the top margin perforated through, and
+narrow spaced perforation to left; while a sheet inserted
+top first on the right hand side would leave the
+top margin blank and the bottom one perforated through,
+and the narrow spaced perforation to left.</p>
+
+<p>This comb generally perforates so evenly that there
+is no clashing of the perforations where the lines meet.
+Occasionally, however, a sheet may get off the straight
+and an irregular perforation occurs.</p>
+
+<p>The sheets perforated in this machine generally have
+one guide dot in the left margin, and three at the right
+(see sheets <a href="#Plate_III">III.</a>-<a href="#Plate_VII">VII.</a>, <a href="#Plate_IX">IX.</a>-<a href="#Plate_XI">XI.</a>, <a href="#Plate_XIV">XIV.</a>, <a href="#Plate_XV">XV.</a>).</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page34" id="page34"></a>[pg 34]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image_032.jpg" width="500" height="584" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h4>Comb perforation. Compare crossing of perforated lines
+with illustration on <a href="#page29">page 29</a>.</h4>
+
+<p>The ½d. pale orange vermilion exists doubly perforated
+at the top and sides.</p>
+
+<p>A minor variety of the 2d. rose shews a small white
+spot ½mm. from the nose. The stamp is No. 6 on the
+sheet. The variety has been noted on several (not all)
+the sheets of this value, and in various blocks, pairs
+and singles.</p>
+
+<p>The left and right hand top stamps (1 and 5) of the
+6d. value shew the sloping label, which is now very
+prominent (see <a href="#Plate_X">plate X</a>.).</p>
+
+<p>All the values shew variations in the marks on the
+back hair and in the curls.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page37" id="page37"></a>[pg 37]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_V" id="Chapter_V"></a><span class="sc">Chapter V.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Issue of 1886-87.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_i.jpg" alt="I" width="14" height="50" /></div>
+<p>n 1886 a number of the stamps began to appear on
+the paper watermarked Crown C.A., the initials
+of "Crown Agents." The colours were changed,
+and a new value inscribed "2½ <span class="sc">penny</span>" on the
+value tablet was added. The values and colours
+are&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left"> ½d. grey-green, myrtle-green (shades).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 1d. carmine, rose-carmine, crimson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 2d. orange-yellow, orange, deep orange.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2½d. pale ultramarine, deep ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 3d. grey, slate-grey, pearl-grey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 4d. brown, deep brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 6d. olive-green, bronze-green, grey-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 1s. violet, deep violet.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>All values exist with the embossing double; several
+with the embossing double, one of the impressions being
+inverted; part double and treble perforations; and the
+white and the yellow gum.</p>
+
+<p>The watermark Crown C.A. is uniformly sideways
+in this issue, the normal position being from right to left
+(Fig. F.), but it may be found inverted (Fig. G.).</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page38" id="page38"></a>[pg 38]</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image_036.jpg" width="500" height="175" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The method of cutting up the sheets of Crown C.A.
+paper was to guillotine the half sheets horizontally in
+half and then twice vertically, dividing each horizontal
+half into three small sheets, the half C.A. sheet of
+paper yielding six small Gambia sheets (plates <a href="#Plate_XII">XII.</a>
+and <a href="#Plate_XIII">XIII.</a>). The operators both at the guillotine and
+at the press seem to have taken the utmost care to
+arrange all the small sheets uniformly for passing
+through the press, as the varieties shewing the watermark
+from left to right are rare. The diagrams on
+plates <a href="#Plate_XII">XII.</a> and <a href="#Plate_XIII">XIII.</a> will illustrate more clearly than
+a verbal explanation the precise method of dividing up
+the Crown C.A. paper.</p>
+
+<p>The early printings of the Crown C.A. issue were
+perforated with the comb machine described in the
+previous chapter, but in the later printings a new
+comb machine was introduced, which has not the
+narrow spaced teeth in the margin, and, consequently,
+has not the double row of perforation on the
+right hand margins of the sheets. The perforations
+produced by the two machines gauge the same,
+and are not distinguishable in single specimens or blocks,
+but only in sheets or specimens with pieces of margins.
+The effect of the two different combs on the sheet may
+be compared on the two sheets of the 6d. value illustrated
+on plates <a href="#Plate_X">X.</a> and <a href="#Plate_XI">XI.</a> We may note (<a href="#Plate_VIII">plate
+VIII.</a>) the second comb with the teeth extending
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page41" id="page41"></a>[pg 41]</span>
+through the top margin, leaving the bottom margin
+blank, shewing that some of the sheets were perforated
+from the bottom, which would produce this effect.</p>
+
+<p>Unused imperforate copies exist of all values in the
+following shades&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="center">Imperforate </td><td align="left"> ½d. grey-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left"> 1d. pale crimson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left"> 2d. orange-yellow.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">2½d. pale ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left"> 3d. pearl-grey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left"> 4d. brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left"> 6d. slate-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left"> 1s. deep violet.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Copies in trial colours, perforated 12 instead of 14,
+exist as follows&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="right">½d. </td><td align="left">rose.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">½d. </td><td align="left">violet.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">½d. </td><td align="left">dull green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">½d. </td><td align="left">pale dull orange.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">3d. </td><td align="left">olive-green.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>On some of the sheets of the ½d. value stamp 2
+shews a slightly elongated left stroke of the letter m in
+Gambia; No. 5 on the same sheet shews a similar
+defect in the right stroke of the letter. (See <a href="#Plate_III">plate III.</a>,
+which reproduction, however, only shews the variety
+on stamp 2.) Stamps Nos. 1, 12, 13 on the same
+sheet illustrated shew a peculiarity in the form of a
+broken nose. We have not been able to trace other
+copies shewing a similar defect, so possibly it is simply
+due to over-inking or faulty inking of the colour plate.</p>
+
+<p>The plate of the 3d. was altered in the final printing,
+two additional printers' guide dots being added in the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page42" id="page42"></a>[pg 42]</span>
+left margin, and the top and bottom dot on the right
+being removed (<a href="#Plate_VIII">plate VIII.</a>). This was printed in
+pearl-grey only.</p>
+
+<p>The early printings of the 6d. value shew the sloping
+labels; they also shew the slight enlargement of the
+stamps in the top row. These varieties occur in the
+olive-green, bronze-green, and grey-green shades.
+Later a new plate was made without the defect in the
+top row, and this was printed in grey-green only.
+(Cp. plates <a href="#Plate_XI">XI.</a> and <a href="#Plate_XIV">XIV.</a>)</p>
+
+<p>It may be noted that there are two varieties of the
+overprint on the <span class="sc">specimen</span> stamps of this series, one
+having the letters sloping upwards from left to right,
+the other being horizontal.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image_040.jpg" width="500" height="251" alt="" />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page45" id="page45"></a>[pg 45]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_VI" id="Chapter_VI"></a><span class="sc">Chapter VI.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Queen's Head Series, 1898.</h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/image_043.jpg" width="250" height="290" alt="" />
+</div>
+<div class="figleft1"><img src="images/image_o.jpg" alt="O" width="51" height="50" /></div>
+<p>n the 31st January, 1898, the following notice
+was issued in reference to the postage stamps
+of the Colony:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+"<span class="sc">Withdrawal of Present Issue Of<br />
+Gambia Postage Stamps.</span></p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>"On the 1st May, 1898, the present issue, if not previously
+exhausted, of all denominations of Postage Stamps in the
+Gambia that are then in the hands of the Government will be
+destroyed, and a complete new set of stamps will then be put
+in circulation.
+</p></blockquote>
+<div class="f2">
+<p><span class="sc">"Administrator's Office</span>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="sc">Bathurst, Gambia</span>,<br />
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<i>31st January, 1898</i>."</p></div>
+
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page46" id="page46"></a>[pg 46]</span></p>
+
+<p>After being faithful for nearly thirty years to the
+graceful design of the "cameo" stamps the Colony
+adopted the regular De la Rue type printed from a
+general key plate which did duty for a number of
+colonial issues.</p>
+
+<p>Essays were prepared by making impressions from
+this key plate, shewing the profile of the Queen to left
+in a circle, and the words <span class="sc">postage&mdash;postage</span> at the
+sides, the top tablet being left blank for the name of the
+Colony, and a space for the sexagonal tablet of value at
+bottom also being left blank. The essays consist of such
+impressions with the name <span class="sc">Gambia</span> and the proposed
+values painted in by hand, to shew the approximate
+effect of the stamps which would be produced from this
+key plate. Only a very few such essays are known.</p>
+
+<p>The values which were actually produced in the new
+series were&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left"> ½d. dull green and green (plates<a href="#Plate_II"> 2 </a>and <a href="#Plate_III">3</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 1d. carmine and carmine (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 1d. deep carmine and deep carmine (<a href="#Plate_III">plate 3</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 2d. orange and mauve (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2½d. ultramarine and ultramarine (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 3d. mauve and pale ultramarine (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 3d. deep mauve and deep ultramarine (<a href="#Plate_III">plate 3</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 4d. brown and ultramarine (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 6d. olive-green and carmine (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> 1s. violet and green (<a href="#Plate_II">plate 2</a>).</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>All the stamps were printed at two impressions, the
+general design being printed from the key plate, and
+the name <span class="sc">Gambia</span> and the value tablet by a "duty"
+plate printed separately. In the ½d., 1d. and 2½d.
+values, however, both key and duty plates were impressed
+in the same colour. The plates are constructed
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page49" id="page49"></a>[pg 49]</span>
+to print sheets of 120 stamps, divided in two panes of
+60 stamps each. The plate number appears in the
+margin above and below each pane (<a href="#Plate_XVI">plate XVI.</a>). It
+consists of an uncoloured figure on a circular ground
+of colour, and is printed by the key plate. The plate
+numbered "2" was used for all the values in the set,
+but later printings of the ½d., 1d. and 3d. were printed
+from <a href="#Plate_III">plate III</a>. In the case of the ½d. and 1d. the
+printings from <a href="#Plate_III">plate III</a>. do not shew any marked variation
+in shade; but in the case of the 3d. both the
+mauve and the ultramarine colours are distinctively
+deeper.</p>
+
+<p>The perforation throughout gauges 14; the watermark
+is Crown C.A. as in the last issue, but upright
+instead of sideways, as these <span class="sc">postage&mdash;postage</span>
+plates were constructed to fit the watermarked paper.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 125px;">
+<img src="images/image_003.jpg" width="125" height="171" alt="" />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page50" id="page50"></a>[pg 50]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_VII" id="Chapter_VII"></a><span class="sc">Chapter VII.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>King's Head Series, 1902-1906.</h2>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_048.jpg" width="600" height="312" alt="" />
+</div>
+<div class="figleft1"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/image_049_1.jpg" width="150" height="224" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>he change from the Queen's Head type to the
+King's Head type of design came in 1902,
+the new general Colonial key plate being used.
+It is numbered 1 in a similar manner to the
+numbering on the Queen's Head plates. All the
+denominations in the previous set were repeated, and
+a 2s. value was added; later (May, 1905) three new
+stamps appeared of the face values 1s. 6d., 2s. 6d. and
+3s. respectively. Of these three denominations it is
+stated that only 6000<a id="footnotetag2" name="footnotetag2"></a><a href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a> copies of each were printed.
+The stamps, which were perforated 14 and were
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page51" id="page51"></a>[pg 51]</span>
+printed on the same paper (Crown and C.A.) as
+the last issue, comprised the following values&mdash;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>Watermarked Crown C.A.</p>
+
+
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left">½d. green and green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1d. carmine and carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2d. orange and mauve.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2½d. ultramarine and ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">3d. magenta and ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">4d. brown and ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">6d. sage-green and carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1s. violet and green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1s. 6d. green and carmine on yellow paper.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2s. deep slate and orange.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2s. 6d. purple and brown on yellow paper.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">3s. carmine and green on yellow paper.</td></tr>
+</table>
+<div class="footnote"><a id="footnote2" name="footnote2"></a><p><a href="#footnotetag2"><b>Footnote 2:</b></a>Compare numbers overprinted in 1906. (<a href="#Chapter_VIII">Chapter VIII.</a>)</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/image_049_2.jpg" width="250" height="249" alt="" /></div>
+
+<p>In May, 1905, appeared also three
+new values printed on multiple Crown
+C.A. paper, each stamp shewing portions
+of two or more watermark designs
+instead of one more or less complete
+design as heretofore. The new values
+were the 5d., 7½d. and 10d. These
+being rather unusual denominations,
+their appearance caused considerable ferment among
+collectors, who ascribed their issue to motives not
+strictly associated with legitimate postal business.
+Reference to the Post Office Ordinance No. 6 of
+1897 (quoted in <a href="#Chapter_I">Chapter I.</a>) will shew that the fees
+for insured parcels in force in the Gambia were 5d.
+for compensation up to £12, 7½d. up to £24, and 10d.
+up to £36; so it is not unreasonable if, as one may
+assume, the colonists availed themselves of these rates
+of insurance, that there was a use for such denominations.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page52" id="page52"></a>[pg 52]</span></p>
+
+<p>The new multiple watermarked paper had been
+adopted for the 1d. value in 1904, and was during
+1905-6 introduced for all the regular denominations
+except the 1s. 6d., 2s. 6d. and 3s. On this paper,
+therefore, we get the following&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Multiple Crown C.A.</p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left">½d. green and green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1d. carmine and carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2d. orange and mauve.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2½d. ultramarine and ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">3d. magenta and ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">4d. brown and ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">5d. grey and black.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">6d. sage-green and carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">7½d. green and carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">10d. olive-brown and carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">1s. violet and green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">2s. deep slate and orange.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<img src="images/image_050.jpg" width="250" height="294" alt="" />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page53" id="page53"></a>[pg 53]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_VIII" id="Chapter_VIII"></a><span class="sc">Chapter VIII.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Provisional Issue 1906.</h2>
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/image_051.jpg" width="600" height="284" alt="" /></div>
+<div class="figleft1"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he next and only remaining issue we have to
+describe are in the nature of Provisionals
+issued during a temporary shortage of halfpenny
+and penny stamps. The Bathurst
+correspondent of <i>Ewen's Weekly Stamp News</i>, writing
+April 30, 1906, communicated the following information,
+which is published in the issue of that journal for
+May 26, 1906:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"The surcharged penny and halfpenny postage stamps on
+the 3/- and 2/6 denominations respectively were issued on the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="page54" id="page54"></a>[pg 54]</span>
+10th instant, and withdrawn on the 23rd April. The issue
+was necessary owing to a delay in receipt of a requisition for
+stamps sent to England on the 9th February, and by the
+abnormal sales, from some unknown reason, of the usual penny
+and halfpenny stamps during February and March.</p>
+
+<p>"A very small issue was made pending the arrival of the
+mail on the 24th, by which the indent above mentioned was
+received. The total issue was 4500 penny and 3780 halfpenny."
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The stamps overprinted to provide these emergency
+supplies were the 2s. 6d. purple and brown on yellow
+paper, which was overprinted for the halfpenny, and
+the 3s. carmine and green on yellow paper for the
+penny overprint.</p>
+
+<p>The surcharging was effected in the Colony. In the
+case of the ½d. the overprint consists of the word</p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr>
+<td align="center">
+HALF
+</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="center">
+PENNY
+</td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>in two lines of block capitals, and below this are two
+bars formed by ordinary printers' rules about 8½mm.
+long cancelling the figures denoting the original value
+of the stamp.</p>
+
+<p>The type and rules were set up to overprint the
+stamps thirty at a time (5 horizontal rows of 6 stamps);
+thus the complete sheet of 120 stamps had to pass four
+times through the press. There is a slight variation in
+the distance between the bottom of the letters comprising
+the word <span class="sc">penny</span> and the uppermost bar, in the third
+and fourth rows of the setting. In rows 1, 2 and 5 the
+bar is 5mm. away from the bottom of the type; in rows
+3 and 4 it is only 4mm. distant.</p>
+
+<p>The first stamp in the second row of the setting is a
+variety in which the <span class="sc">e</span> of <span class="sc">penny</span> is broken and the word
+reads <span class="sc">pfnny</span>. The only other variety occurring in the
+setting is a slightly depressed <span class="sc">y</span> of <span class="sc">penny</span>. This occurs
+in the first stamp in the 5th row.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page55" id="page55"></a>[pg 55]</span></p>
+
+<p>The 3s. stamp was overprinted with the words "<span class="sc">one
+penny</span>" in one line of small capitals. The overprint
+was applied to a complete pane of 60 stamps at a time,
+so that the entire sheet of 120 was surcharged at two
+impressions instead of four, as in the ½d. on 2s. 6d.
+stamp. The only varieties which have been recorded
+of this <span class="sc">one penny</span> overprint are of slight defects, possibly
+occurring only in particular impressions. It, however,
+exists with the overprint double.</p>
+
+<p>The issue of these two Provisional overprints, following
+upon the appearance in 1905 of the 5d., 7½d. and
+10d. stamps, brought a good deal of censure from
+philatelists, who considered that the Colony was descending
+to undignified means of increasing the revenue
+by the sale of stamps to collectors. At the instance of
+Lord Crewe an inquiry has lately been held into the
+reasons for the emission of various Colonial postage
+stamps, and the report of the Governor of the Gambia
+is quoted in the printed report of the Commission:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+"The Governor of the Colony states that as the supply of
+the ½d. and 1d. stamps had been exhausted before the arrival
+of a new supply which had been ordered, no [regular] stamps
+of these denominations were available from the 2nd to the 10th
+April, letters requiring such postage being stamped 'Postage
+Paid.' The surcharged stamps were on sale from the 10th to
+the 24th of April, the date on which the new supply became
+available. A surplus was left over, which was destroyed with
+proper precautions."
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>The unsold balance of the Provisional ½d. stamps on
+hand was destroyed "under direction from the Secretary
+of State and by a special Board appointed by His
+Excellency the Acting Governor" on October 16,
+1906. How small the "unsold balance" was is not
+stated.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page56" id="page56"></a>[pg 56]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_001.jpg" width="600" height="181" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_IX" id="Chapter_IX"></a><span class="sc">Chapter IX.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Bibliography.</h2>
+
+<h3><span class="sc">Index to the Chief Printed Articles and
+Papers in Philatelic Periodicals.</span></h3>
+
+
+<p class="center"><span class="sc">Abbreviations.</span></p>
+
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="right">2 A.J.P.&mdash;</td><td align="left">American Journal of Philately, 2nd series.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">E.W.S.N.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Ewen's Weekly Stamp News.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> G.S.W.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Gibbons Stamp Weekly.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">M.W.S.N.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">P.J.G.B.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Philatelic Journal of Great Britain.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> P.R.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Philatelic Record.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> P.S.&mdash;</td><td align="left">The Postage Stamp.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> S.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Stamps.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> S.C.F.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Stamp Collectors' Fortnightly.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right"> S.C.M.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Stamp Collectors' Magazine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="right">S.G.M.J.&mdash;</td><td align="left">Stanley Gibbons Monthly Journal.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Note</span>.&mdash;Roman figures thus&mdash;V.&mdash;denote the volume, and Arabic
+figures&mdash;135&mdash;indicate the page. In a few cases the date
+takes the place of the volume number. In E.W.S.N. the
+number of the issue alone is given.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Colonial Post Offices Commission</span> [Ward],
+G.S.W., IX., 88.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Contains the report of the Governor of the Gambia on
+the Provisional stamps of 1906.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Corrected Plate</span>, 6d., S.C.F., III., 207.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Forgeries</span>, 6d. [Hilckes], S.C.F., II., 217.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page57" id="page57"></a>[pg 57]</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">General.</span> The Postage Stamps, etc. ... of the
+British Colonies, Possessions and Protectorates in
+Africa. Part II., London, 1900.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+The Philatelic Society's work on Africa, pp. 65-72,
+covers the issues of Gambia adhesives from 1869-1898;
+also the postcards and reply paid cards.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash; S.G.M.J., VI., 26, 144; [Pemberton], P.J.G.B.,
+XVII., 78; [Barnsdall], G.S.W., VIII., 65, 81;
+[Nankivell], P.S., II., 3; 2 A.J.P., IV., 498;
+[Lehner], S., I., 90; [Clark], S., I., 102, reprinted
+in M.W.S.N., X., 255.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Issue of 1869</span>, S.C.M., VII., 57.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;&mdash; Date of [Lehner], S., I., 90; [Nankivell], S., I.,
+106.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Minor Varieties</span>. Sloping label. [Hilckes], S.C.F.,
+II., 253.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Perforations</span> [Bacon], P.R., XXV., 3. &#8258; Plates.
+[Napier &amp; Bacon], S.G.M.J., XIV., 97.
+&#8258; Plates.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Provisionals</span>, E.W.S.N., 347, 348, 350, 352, 353,
+360, 373.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Sheets</span> [Thiele], <i>The Adhesive</i>, July, 1904.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Speculation</span>, S.C.F., VI., 142.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Values</span>, S.C.F., VI., 119, 126.</p>
+
+<p><span class="sc">Watermarks</span> [Evans], P.R., IV., 224.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page58" id="page58"></a>[pg 58]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_002.jpg" width="600" height="249" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="Chapter_X" id="Chapter_X"></a><span class="sc">Chapter X.</span></h2>
+
+<h2>Check List.</h2>
+
+
+<p>1869.&mdash;No watermark. Imperforate. White gum.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. deep chocolate-brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. pale brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. deep blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td colspan="3" align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Label sloping to right.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td colspan="3" align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;left.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>1874.&mdash;Watermarked vertically Crown C.C. Imperforate. White gum.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">4d. deep brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">4d. brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">4d. pale brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">reversed.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">inverted and reversed.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">bars (division lines of the panes).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">portions of words CROWN COLONIES.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page59" id="page59"></a>[pg 59]</span></p>
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">6d. deep blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="3">6d. blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="2">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">reversed.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">inverted and reversed.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">bars.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left">portions of words CROWN COLONIES.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>1880.&mdash;Watermarked Crown C.C. vertical. Perf. 14. White gum.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">½d. golden-yellow.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">½d. deep golden-yellow,</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">½d. pale orange-vermilion.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">½d. deep orange-vermilion.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" >&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;½d. citron.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;½d. pale ochre.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Single line perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double perf. top and sides (pale orange-vermilion).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1d. lake.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1d. deep lake.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td>inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Single line perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page60" id="page60"></a>[pg 60]</span></p>
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2d. pale rose.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2d. rose.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2d. deep rose.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;? Single line perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Dot variety.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">3d. pale ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">3d. deep ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">3d. deep blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Single line perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. sepia-brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. deep sepia-brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Single line perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. pale blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. blue.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page61" id="page61"></a>[pg 61]</span></p>
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. deep blue.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Slanting </td><td align="left">label to </td><td align="left">right.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">left.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Single </td><td align="left">line perf. </td><td align="left">(vertical watermark).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">(sideways watermark).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1s. bright green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1s. deep green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">sideways.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words Crown Colonies.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;? Single line perf.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;1st comb perf.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>1886-7.&mdash;Watermarked Crown C.A. sideways. Comb perf. 14.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">½d. grey-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">½d. myrtle-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double </td><td align="left" colspan="2">embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">one inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (grey-green).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Treble perf. at bottom.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Left </td><td align="left">stroke of </td><td align="left">M long.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Right</td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="center"> " </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st and 2nd comb perforations.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page62" id="page62"></a>[pg 62]</span></p>
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1d. carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1d. rose-carmine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1d. crimson.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (pale crimson).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st and 2nd comb perforations.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2d. orange-yellow.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2d. orange.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2d. deep orange.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (orange-yellow).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st and 2nd comb perforations.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2½d. pale ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">2½d. deep ultramarine.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (pale ultramarine).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st and 2nd comb perforations.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">3d. grey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">3d. slate-grey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">3d. pearl-grey.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (pearl-grey).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st and 2nd comb perforations.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Final printing, 3 guide dots in left margin (pearl-grey only).</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page63" id="page63"></a>[pg 63]</span></p>
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">4d. deep brown.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">inverted.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (brown).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st comb perforation.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. olive-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. bronze-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">6d. grey-green.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Label </td><td align="left">slanting to </td><td align="left">right.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">left.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (slate-green).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st and 2nd comb perforations.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;New plate without defective top row.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1s. violet (shades).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="4">1s. deep violet.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Double </td><td align="left" colspan="2">embossing.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="center"> " </td><td align="left">one inverted (violet).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Yellow gum.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;Watermark </td><td align="left" colspan="2">portions of words <span class="sc">crown agents</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="center">&nbsp;&nbsp; " </td><td align="left" colspan="2">division lines of the panes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Imperforate (deep violet).</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left" colspan="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;Sheets&mdash;1st comb perforation.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page64" id="page64"></a>[pg 64]</span></p>
+
+
+<p>1898.&mdash;Watermarked Crown C.A. (upright). Perf. 14.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+[<span class="sc">Note.</span>&mdash;Unless otherwise stated, the plate number is <a href="#Plate_II">2</a>.]
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i2">½d. dull green and green (plates <a href="#Plate_II">2</a> and <a href="#Plate_III">3</a>).</p>
+<p class="i2">1d. carmine and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">1d. deep carmine and deep carmine (<a href="#Plate_III">plate 3</a>).</p>
+<p class="i2">2d. orange and mauve.</p>
+<p class="i2">2½d. ultramarine and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">3d. mauve and pale ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i8">Imperforate.</p>
+<p class="i2">3d. deep purple and deep ultramarine (<a href="#Plate_III">plate 3</a>).</p>
+<p class="i2">4d. brown and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">6d. olive-green and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">1s. violet and green.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<p>1902-1905.&mdash;Watermarked Crown C.A. Perf. 14.</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+[Printed from <a href="#Plate_I">plate 1</a> in each case.]
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i2">½d. green and green.</p>
+<p class="i2">1d. carmine and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">2d. orange and mauve.</p>
+<p class="i2">2½d. ultramarine and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">3d. magenta and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">4d. brown and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">6d. sage-green and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">1s. violet and green.</p>
+<p class="i2">1s. 6d. green and carmine on yellow paper.</p>
+<p class="i2">2s. deep slate and orange.</p>
+<p class="i2">2s. 6d. purple and brown on yellow paper.</p>
+<p class="i2">3s. carmine and green on yellow paper.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page65" id="page65"></a>[pg 65]</span></p>
+
+<p>1904-1905.&mdash;Watermarked Multiple Crown C.A. Perf. 14.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza">
+<p class="i2">½d. green and green. </p>
+<p class="i2">1d. carmine and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">2d. orange and mauve.</p>
+<p class="i2">2½d. ultramarine and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">3d. magenta and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">4d. brown and ultramarine.</p>
+<p class="i2">5d. grey and black.</p>
+<p class="i2">6d. sage-green and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">7½d. green and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">10d. olive-brown and carmine.</p>
+<p class="i2">1s. violet and green.</p>
+<p class="i2">2s. deep slate and orange.</p>
+ </div> </div>
+
+<p>1906 (April 10).&mdash;Provisional Issue. Overprinted in black.</p>
+
+<div class="indented">
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="center">HALF </td><td align="left" colspan="3" rowspan="2">on 2s. 6d. purple and brown on yellow paper.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center">PENNY </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">5mm. between letters and bars.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">4mm.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" </td></tr>
+<tr><td align="left">&nbsp;</td><td align="left">Depressed<span class="sc">&nbsp;&nbsp;y</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;in <span class="sc">&nbsp;&nbsp;penny.</span></td></tr>
+</table>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td align="left" colspan="10"><span class="sc">one penny</span> on 3s. carmine and green on yellow paper.</td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left" colspan="4">Double overprint.</td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">Depressed<span class="sc">&nbsp;&nbsp;y</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;in<span class="sc">&nbsp;&nbsp;penny.</span></td></tr>
+<tr>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="center">&nbsp;</td>
+ <td align="left">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"<span class="sc">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" </td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page66" id="page66"></a>[pg 66]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_001.jpg" width="600" height="181" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<h2><a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX.</h2>
+
+<h2>Notes on the Postmarks.</h2>
+
+<h4>By <span class="sc">Douglas Ellis</span>.</h4>
+
+<div class="figleft"><img src="images/image_t.jpg" alt="T" width="46" height="50" /></div>
+<p>he first Gambia stamps appeared early in 1869,
+and postmarks of that year are usually composed
+of a circle with "Gambia" across the centre
+in a straight line, and the date in two lines
+below and a control letter above.</p>
+
+<p>This postmark is usually in red, but is also found in
+black. It was apparently only in use for a short time,
+being superseded by a circular postmark of the same
+size, but with "Gambia" at top and "Paid" at
+bottom, both following the line of the circle.</p>
+
+<p>The day and month are in a straight line across the
+centre of the circle, with the year (last two figures only)
+below and a control letter above. This, in the early
+dated specimens, is A, followed by B and then C.
+The postmark is always in red down to the early part
+of 1887.</p>
+
+<p>On the early imperforate stamps we find a similar
+postmark in black, but lettered "Gambia" above and
+"Unpaid" below. This was probably intended for
+use on letters posted without a stamp. The control
+letter is A.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page67" id="page67"></a>[pg 67]</span></p>
+
+<p>From 1887 to 1892 the Gambia-Paid postmark
+appears in black. The control letters are B or C.</p>
+
+<p>In 1892 this was superseded by a fresh cancellation
+with "Bathurst" above and "Gambia" below, both
+following the line of the circle, the date across the
+centre as before, and the control letter being C.</p>
+
+<p>The lettering may be found in two sizes; on one the
+distance between the B of Bathurst and the G of
+Gambia is 3mm. and on the other 6mm.</p>
+
+<p>In 1895 the control letter C was replaced by a six-pointed
+*, and this cancellation is still in use.</p>
+
+<p>About 1901 a special postmark for Registered letters
+was brought into use, consisting of a large ellipse with
+"Registered" above and "Gambia" below, both
+following the line of curve, and with date in centre
+and control letter above, either B or C, the latter
+often being found reversed or upside down. This
+is still in use.</p>
+
+<p>From 1895 onwards stamps may be found cancelled
+with a circular postmark with "Received" above and
+"Gambia" below, and either a control letter C or a
+six-pointed *. Possibly this was a Fiscal cancellation
+wrongly used on postage stamps.</p>
+
+<p>Most Gambia stamps, from the C.C. perforated
+issue onwards, may be found with a cancellation consisting
+of seven parallel bars forming a circle of 19mm.
+diameter, the two outside bars being rounded off to form
+part of the circle. Though this can be found on the
+last issue of Queen's Head stamps, it does not appear
+to be now used.</p>
+
+<p>On the 1887 and later issues we find a cancellation
+composed of four concentric circles, the diameter of the
+largest being 18mm.</p>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page68" id="page68"></a>[pg 68]</span></p>
+
+<p>Many letters appear to have been posted on board
+the mail steamer, or sent from the post office without
+the stamp being cancelled, as Gambia stamps are found
+with the mail steamer postmark, which consists of two
+circles with "Paquebot" above, and either "Plymouth"
+or, "Liverpool" below, both being between
+the two circles.</p>
+
+<p>The date, comprising not only the year and month
+but day and hour, is in three lines in the centre.</p>
+
+<p>Many Gambia stamps can also be found postmarked
+"Freetown, Sierra Leone," or "Registered, Sierra
+Leone," but as we have no record of Gambia stamps
+being used to defray postage from Sierra Leone, we
+must conclude that they were sent on by a steamer
+which did not possess a post office, and cancelled at
+Sierra Leone before being shipped on the mail steamer.</p>
+
+<p>Stamps of Gambia can also occasionally be found
+with the postmark of the French Colony of Senegambia.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 125px;">
+<img src="images/image_003.jpg" width="125" height="171" alt="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_I" id="Plate_I"></a>
+<img src="images/image_004.jpg" width="500" height="791" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate I.&mdash;6d. Imperforate.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_II" id="Plate_II"></a>
+<img src="images/image_007.jpg" width="500" height="789" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate II.&mdash;½d. Single line perforation.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_III" id="Plate_III"></a><img src="images/image_008.jpg" width="500" height="722" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate III.&mdash;½d. First comb perforation (points down).</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_IV" id="Plate_IV"></a>
+<img src="images/image_021.jpg" width="500" height="749" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate IV.&mdash;1d. First comb perforation.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_V" id="Plate_V"></a>
+<img src="images/image_022.jpg" width="500" height="755" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate V.&mdash;2d. First comb perforation.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_VI" id="Plate_VI"></a>
+<img src="images/image_025.jpg" width="500" height="760" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate VI.&mdash;2½d. First comb perforation (points up).</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_VII" id="Plate_VII"></a>
+<img src="images/image_026.jpg" width="500" height="756" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate VII.&mdash;3d. First comb perforation. Three guide dots to right.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_VIII" id="Plate_VIII"></a>
+<img src="images/image_029.jpg" width="500" height="762" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate VIII.&mdash;3d. Second comb perforation. Three guide dots to left.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_IX" id="Plate_IX"></a>
+<img src="images/image_030.jpg" width="500" height="739" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate IX.&mdash;4d. First comb perforation.</h4>
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_X" id="Plate_X"></a>
+<img src="images/image_033.jpg" width="500" height="742" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate X.&mdash;6d. First comb perforation (sloping label stamps, 1 and 5).</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_XI" id="Plate_XI"></a>
+<img src="images/image_034.jpg" width="500" height="729" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate XI.&mdash;6d. Second comb perforation (sloping label stamps, 1 and 5).</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Plate_XII" id="Plate_XII"></a>
+<img src="images/image_037.jpg" width="600" height="1144" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h4>Plate XII.&mdash;Diagram of an uncut sheet of "Crown C.A." paper.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Plate_XIII" id="Plate_XIII"></a>
+<img src="images/image_038.jpg" width="600" height="592" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h4>Plate XIII.&mdash;Diagram showing method of cutting the "Crown C.A." paper for the "Cameo" stamps.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_XIV" id="Plate_XIV"></a>
+<img src="images/image_041.jpg" width="500" height="749" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate XIV.&mdash;6d. New plate. Without defective top row.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+ <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"><a name="Plate_XV" id="Plate_XV"></a>
+<img src="images/image_042.jpg" width="500" height="759" alt="" /></div>
+<h4>Plate XV.&mdash;1s. First comb perforation.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"><a name="Plate_XVI" id="Plate_XVI"></a>
+<img src="images/image_045.jpg" width="600" height="577" alt="" />
+</div>
+<h4>Plate XVI.&mdash;2½d. Complete Sheet, shewing arrangement of panes,
+fitting half sheet of watermarked paper, which shews through
+the page from the back.</h4>
+
+<hr />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<img src="images/image_046.jpg" width="600" height="584" alt="" />
+</div>
+<p>N.B.&mdash;To be examined through the stamps on the other side of the plate.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Gambia, by Frederick John Melville
+
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