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diff --git a/26600-h/26600-h.htm b/26600-h/26600-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..582825b --- /dev/null +++ b/26600-h/26600-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2898 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 1, edited by Emma Goldman. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { clear: both; + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + text-indent: 1em; + } + p.drop { text-indent: 0em;} + p.drop img, div.stanzaimage img {float: left; + clear: left; + text-align: center; + border: 0px solid black; + padding: 2px; + margin: 0 4px 0 0; /* right margin to keep out from body */ + } + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + hr.smler { width: 10%; } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 5px; border: none; } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + text-indent: 0px; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .right {text-align: right;} + .tbrk {margin-bottom: 3.5em;} + + .mynote { background-color: #DDE; color: black; padding: .5em; margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 5%; } /* colored box for notes at beginning of file */ + + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem .stanzaimage div {text-indent: 0em;} + .poem div {display: block; margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem div.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 1, March 1906, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 1, March 1906 + +Author: Various + +Editor: Emma Goldman + +Release Date: September 12, 2008 [EBook #26600] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHER EARTH, MARCH 1906 *** + + + + +Produced by Fritz Ohrenschall, Martin Pettit and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote tbrk"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:<br /><br /> +Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i"></a>[<a href="images/001.png">i</a>]</span></p> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/grayscalecover.jpg" width='459' height='700' alt="Vol. I. MARCH, 1906 No. 1 MOTHER EARTH EMMA GOLDMAN, Publisher 10c. a Copy P. O. Box Madison Sq. Station, N. Y." /></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii"></a>[<a href="images/002.png">ii</a>]</span></p> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<table class="tbrk" summary="CONTENTS"> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td class="right">PAGE</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Mother Earth</b> <span class="smcap">E. Goldman</span> and <span class="smcap">M. Baginski</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>The Song of the Storm-Finch</b> <span class="smcap">Maxim Gorky</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Observations and Comments</b></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>The Tragedy of Women's Emancipation</b> <span class="smcap">E. Goldman</span> </td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Try Love</b> <span class="smcap">Grace Potter</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Without Government</b> <span class="smcap">Max Baginski</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Vive Le Roi</b> <span class="smcap">Frances Wauls Bjorkman</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Reflections of a Rich Man</b></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Comstockery</b> <span class="smcap">John R. Coryell</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Don Quixote and Hamlet</b> <span class="smcap">Turgenieff</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>On the Banks of Acheron</b> <span class="smcap">Edwin Bjorkman</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>The British Elections and the Labor Parties</b> <span class="smcap">H. Kelly</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>And You?</b> <span class="smcap">Bolton Hall</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>National Atavism</b> <span class="smcap">Internationalist</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Mine Owners' Revenge</b> <span class="smcap">M. B.</span></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>International Review</b></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Literary Notes</b></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><b>Advertisements</b></td> + <td class="right"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a>[<a href="images/003.png">1</a>]</span></p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/ME11header.jpg" width='700' height='351' alt="10c. A COPY $1.00 PER YEAR Mother Earth Emma Goldman, Publisher P. O. Box Madison Sq. Station, N. Y. City Vol. I MARCH, 1906 No. 1" /></div> + +<h2><a name="MOTHER_EARTH" id="MOTHER_EARTH"></a>MOTHER EARTH</h2> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropt.jpg" alt="T" width="59" height="54" />HERE was a time when men imagined the Earth as the center of the +universe. The stars, large and small, they believed were created merely +for their delectation. It was their vain conception that a supreme +being, weary of solitude, had manufactured a giant toy and put them into +possession of it.</p> + +<p>When, however, the human mind was illumined by the torch-light of +science, it came to understand that the Earth was but one of a myriad of +stars floating in infinite space, a mere speck of dust.</p> + +<p>Man issued from the womb of Mother Earth, but he knew it not, nor +recognized her, to whom he owed his life. In his egotism he sought an +explanation of himself in the infinite, and out of his efforts there +arose the dreary doctrine that he was not related to the Earth, that she +was but a temporary resting place for his scornful feet and that she +held nothing for him but temptation to degrade himself. Interpreters and +prophets of the infinite sprang into being, creating the "Great Beyond" +and proclaiming Heaven and Hell, between which stood the poor, trembling +human being, tormented by that priest-born monster, Conscience.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a>[<a href="images/004.png">2</a>]</span></p><p>In this frightful scheme, gods and devils waged eternal war against +each other with wretched man as the prize of victory; and the priest, +self-constituted interpreter of the will of the gods, stood in front of +the only refuge from harm and demanded as the price of entrance that +ignorance, that asceticism, that self-abnegation which could but end in +the complete subjugation of man to superstition. He was taught that +Heaven, the refuge, was the very antithesis of Earth, which was the +source of sin. To gain for himself a seat in Heaven, man devastated the +Earth. Yet she renewed herself, the good mother, and came again each +Spring, radiant with youthful beauty, beckoning her children to come to +her bosom and partake of her bounty. But ever the air grew thick with +mephitic darkness, ever a hollow voice was heard calling: "Touch not the +beautiful form of the sorceress; she leads to sin!"</p> + +<p>But if the priests decried the Earth, there were others who found in it +a source of power and who took possession of it. Then it happened that +the autocrats at the gates of Heaven joined forces with the powers that +had taken possession of the Earth; and humanity began its aimless, +monotonous march. But the good mother sees the bleeding feet of her +children, she hears their moans, and she is ever calling to them that +she is theirs.</p> + +<p>To the contemporaries of George Washington, Thomas Paine and Thomas +Jefferson, America appeared vast, boundless, full of promise. Mother +Earth, with the sources of vast wealth hidden within the folds of her +ample bosom, extended her inviting and hospitable arms to all those who +came to her from arbitrary and despotic lands—Mother Earth ready to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a>[<a href="images/005.png">3</a>]</span> +give herself alike to all her children. But soon she was seized by the +few, stripped of her freedom, fenced in, a prey to those who were +endowed with cunning and unscrupulous shrewdness. They, who had fought +for independence from the British yoke, soon became dependent among +themselves; dependent on possessions, on wealth, on power. Liberty +escaped into the wilderness, and the old battle between the patrician +and the plebeian broke out in the new world, with greater bitterness and +vehemence. A period of but a hundred years had sufficed to turn a great +republic, once gloriously established, into an arbitrary state which +subdued a vast number of its people into material and intellectual +slavery, while enabling the privileged few to monopolize every material +and mental resource.</p> + +<p>During the last few years, American journalists have had much to say +about the terrible conditions in Russia and the supremacy of the Russian +censor. Have they forgotten the censor here? a censor far more powerful +than him of Russia. Have they forgotten that every line they write is +dictated by the political color of the paper they write for; by the +advertising firms; by the money power; by the power of respectability; +by Comstock? Have they forgotten that the literary taste and critical +judgment of the mass of the people have been successfully moulded to +suit the will of these dictators, and to serve as a good business basis +for shrewd literary speculators? The number of Rip Van Winkles in life, +science, morality, art, and literature is very large. Innumerable +ghosts, such as Ibsen saw when he analyzed the moral and social +conditions of our life, still keep the majority of the human race in +awe.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a>[<a href="images/006.png">4</a>]</span></p><p><span class="smcap">Mother Earth</span> will endeavor to attract and appeal to all those who +oppose encroachment on public and individual life. It will appeal to +those who strive for something higher, weary of the commonplace; to +those who feel that stagnation is a deadweight on the firm and elastic +step of progress; to those who breathe freely only in limitless space; +to those who long for the tender shade of a new dawn for a humanity free +from the dread of want, the dread of starvation in the face of mountains +of riches. The Earth free for the free individual!</p> + +<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Emma Goldman</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">Max Baginski</span>. </p> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep03.jpg" width='50' height='37' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="The_Song_of_the_Storm-FinchA" id="The_Song_of_the_Storm-FinchA"></a>The Song of the Storm-Finch<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">Maxim Gorky</span></h3> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza stanzaimage"> +<img src="images/dropt.jpg" alt="T" width="59" height="54" /><div>he strong wind is gathering the storm-clouds together</div> +<div>Above the gray plain of the ocean so wide.</div> +<div>The storm-finch, the bird that resembles dark lightning,</div> +<div>Between clouds and ocean is soaring in pride.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>Now skimming the waves with his wings, and now shooting</div> +<div>Up, arrow-like, into the dark clouds on high,</div> +<div>The storm-finch is clamoring loudly and shrilly;</div> +<div>The clouds can hear joy in the bird's fearless cry.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>In that cry is the yearning, the thirst for the tempest,</div> +<div>And anger's hot might in its wild notes is heard;</div> +<div>The keen fire of passion, the faith in sure triumph—</div> +<div>All these the clouds hear in the voice of the bird....</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a>[<a href="images/007.png">5</a>]</span><div>The storm-wind is howling, the thunder is roaring;</div> +<div>With flame blue and lambent the cloud-masses glow</div> +<div>O'er the fathomless ocean; it catches the lightnings,</div> +<div>And quenches them deep in its whirlpool below.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>Like serpents of fire in the dark ocean writhing,</div> +<div>The lightnings reflected there quiver and shake</div> +<div>As into the blackness they vanish forever.</div> +<div>The tempest! Now quickly the tempest will break!</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>The storm-finch soars fearless and proud 'mid the lightnings,</div> +<div>Above the wild waves that the roaring winds fret;</div> +<div>And what is the prophet of victory saying?</div> +<div>"Oh, let the storm burst! Fiercer yet—fiercer yet!"</div> +</div></div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTE:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> From "Songs of Russia," rendered into English by <span class="smcap">Alice +Stone Blackwell</span></p></div></div> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep04.jpg" width='50' height='39' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2>To the Readers</h2> + +<p>The name "Open Road" had to be abandoned, owing to the existence of a +magazine by that name.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h2><a name="Observations_and_Comments" id="Observations_and_Comments"></a>Observations and Comments</h2> + +<p><b>The importance</b> of written history for the people can easily be compared +with the importance of a diary for the individual. It furnishes data for +recollections, points of comparison between the Past and Present. But as +most diaries and auto-biographies show a lack of straight-forward, big, +simple, sincere self-analyses, so does history seldom prove a +representation of facts, of the truth, of reality.</p> + +<p>The way history is written will depend altogether on whatever purpose +the writers have in view, and what they hope to achieve thereby. It will +altogether depend upon the sincerity or lack thereof, upon the broad or +narrow horizon of the historian. That which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a>[<a href="images/008.png">6</a>]</span> passes as history in our +schools, or governmentally fabricated books on history, is a forgery, a +misrepresentation of events. Like the old drama centering upon the +impossible figure of the hero, with a gesticulating crowd in the +background. Quacks of history speak only of "great men" like Bonapartes, +Bismarcks, Deweys, or Rough Riders as leaders of the people, while the +latter serve as a setting, a chorus, howling the praise of the heroes, +and also furnishing their blood money for the whims and extravagances of +their masters. Such history only tends to produce conceit, national +impudence, superciliousness and patriotic stupidity, all of which is in +full bloom in our great Republic.</p> + +<p>Our aim is to teach a different conception of historical events. To +define them as an ever-recurring struggle for Freedom against every form +of Might. A struggle resultant from an innate yearning for +self-expression, and the recognition of one's own possibilities and +their attitude toward other human beings. History to us means a +compilation of experiences, out of which the individual, as well as the +race, will gain the right understanding how to shape and organize a mode +of life best suited to bring out the finest and strongest qualities of +the human race.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>The American Brutus</b> is, of course, a business man and has no time to +overthrow Cæsar. Recently, however, the imperialistic stew became hot +and too much for him. The marriage of Miss Alice Roosevelt produced such +a bad odor of court gossip, as to make the poor American Brutus ill with +nausea. He grew indignant, draped his sleeve in mourning, and with +gloomy mien and clenched fists, went about prophesying the downfall of +the Republic.</p> + +<p>Between ourselves, the number of those who still believe in the American +Republic can be counted on one's fingers. One has either pierced through +the lie, all for the people and by the people—in that case one must +become a Revolutionist; or, one has succeeded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a>[<a href="images/009.png">7</a>]</span> in putting one's bounty +in safety—then he is a conservative. "No disturbances, please. We are +about to close a profitable contract." Modern bourgeoisie is absolutely +indifferent as to who is to be their political boss, just so they are +given opportunity to store their profits, and accumulate great wealth. +Besides, the cry about the decline of the great Republic is really +meaningless. As far as it ever stood for liberty and well-being of the +people, it has long ceased to be. Therefore lamentations come too late. +True, the American Republic has not given birth to an aristocracy. It +has produced the power of the parvenu, not less brutal than European +aristocracy, only narrower in vision and not less vulgar in taste.</p> + +<p>Instead of mourning one ought to rejoice that the latest display of +disgusting servility has completely thrown off the mantle of liberty and +independence of Dame Columbia, now exposed before the civilized world in +all her slavish submissiveness.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>The storm in Russia</b> has frightened many out of their warm bed-clothes.</p> + +<p>A real Revolution in these police-regulated times. More than one voice +was raised against the possibility of a Revolution, and they who dared +to predict it were considered fit for the lunatic asylum.</p> + +<p>The workingmen, peasants and students of Russia, however, have proven +that the calculations of the "wise" contained a hitch somewhere. A +Revolution swept across the country and did not even stop to ask +permission of those in authority.</p> + +<p>Authority and Power are now taking revenge on their daring sons and +daughters. The Cossacks, at the command of the "good Czar" are +celebrating a bloody feast—knouting, shooting, clubbing people to +death, dragging great masses to prisons and into exile, and it is not +the fault of that vicious idiot on the throne, nor that of his advisors, +Witte and the others, if the Revolution still marches on, head erect. +Were it in their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a>[<a href="images/010.png">8</a>]</span> power, they would break her proud neck with one +stroke, but they cannot put the heads of a hundred million people on the +block, they cannot deport eighty millions of Peasants to Siberia, nor +can they order all the workingmen in the industrial districts shot. Were +the working bees to be killed, the drones would perish of +starvation—that is why the Czar of the Peace Treaty still suffers some +of his people to live?——</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>In Mayville, Wis.</b>, a transvaluation society has been formed, the purpose +of which is, to bring about the transvaluation of all values in matters +of love and the relations of the sexes. The members of this society are +to contribute by word and deed towards the breaking of all barriers that +prevent an ideal and healthy conception of love.</p> + +<p>The president of this society, Emil Ruedebusch, known in this country +through his work, "The Old and New Ideal," which, by the way, was +confiscated upon the grounds of obscenity and the author put on trial. +It is an undisputed fact that robust, graft-greedy Columbia abhors every +free expression on love or marriage. Emil Ruedebusch, like many others +who have dared to lift the veil of hypocrisy, was condemned to a heavy +fine. A second work of the author, "Die Eigenen," was published in +Germany.</p> + +<p>His idea, that the relation of the sexes must be freed from the +oppressing fetters of a lame morality that degrades every human emotion +to the plane of utility and purpose, I heartily endorse. His method of +achieving the ideal seems to me too full of red tape. However, I welcome +every effort against the conspiracy of ignorance, hypocrisy and stupid +prudery, against the simplest manifestation of nature.</p> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep02.jpg" width='50' height='68' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a>[<a href="images/011.png">9</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="The_Tragedy_of_Womans_Emancipation" id="The_Tragedy_of_Womans_Emancipation"></a>The Tragedy of Woman's Emancipation</h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">Emma Goldman</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropi.jpg" alt="I" width="61" height="60" /> BEGIN my article with an admission: Regardless of all political and +economic theories, treating of the fundamental differences between the +various groups within the human race, regardless of class and race +distinctions, regardless of all artificial boundary lines between +woman's rights and man's rights, I hold that there is a point where +these differentiations may meet and grow into one perfect whole.</p> + +<p>With this I do not mean to propose a peace treaty. The general social +antagonism which has taken hold of our entire public life to-day, +brought about through the force of opposing and contradictory interests, +will crumble to pieces when the reorganization of our social life, based +upon the principles of economic justice, shall have become a reality.</p> + +<p>Peace and harmony between the sexes and individuals does not necessarily +depend on a superficial equalization of human beings; nor does it call +for the elimination of individual traits or peculiarities. The problem +that confronts us to-day, and which the nearest future is to solve, is +how to be oneself, and yet in oneness with others, to feel deeply with +all human beings and still retain one's own innate qualities. This seems +to me the basis upon which the mass and the individual, the true +democrat and the true individuality, man and woman can meet without +antagonism and opposition. The motto should not be forgive one another; +it should be, understand one another. The oft-quoted sentence of Mme. de +Stael: "To understand everything means to forgive everything," has never +particularly appealed to me; it has the odor of the confessional; to +forgive one's fellow being conveys the idea of pharisaical superiority. +To understand one's fellow being suffices. This admission partly +represents the fundamental aspect of my views on the emancipation of +woman and its effect upon the entire sex.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a>[<a href="images/012.png">10</a>]</span></p><p>Emancipation should make it possible for her to be human in the truest +sense. Everything within her that craves assertion and activity should +reach its fullest expression; and all artificial barriers should be +broken and the road towards greater freedom cleared of every trace of +centuries of submission and slavery.</p> + +<p>This was the original aim of the movement for woman's emancipation. But +the results so far achieved have isolated woman and have robbed her of +the fountain springs of that happiness which is so essential to her. +Merely external emancipation has made of the modern woman an artificial +being who reminds one of the products of French arboriculture with its +arabesque trees and shrubs—pyramids, wheels and wreaths; anything +except the forms which would be reached by the expression of their own +inner qualities. Such artificially grown plants of the female sex are to +be found in large numbers, especially in the so-called intellectual +sphere of our life.</p> + +<p>Liberty and equality for woman! What hopes and aspirations these words +awakened when they were first uttered by some of the noblest and bravest +souls of those days. The sun in all its light and glory was to rise upon +a new world; in this world woman was to be free to direct her own +destiny, an aim certainly worthy of the great enthusiasm, courage, +perseverance and ceaseless effort of the tremendous host of pioneer men +and women, who staked everything against a world of prejudice and +ignorance.</p> + +<p>My hopes also move towards that goal, but I insist that the emancipation +of woman, as interpreted and practically applied to-day, has failed to +reach that great end. Now, woman is confronted with the necessity of +emancipating herself from emancipation, if she really desires to be +free. This may sound paradoxical, but is, nevertheless, only too true.</p> + +<p>What has she achieved through her emancipation? Equal suffrage in a few +states. Has that purified our political life, as many well-meaning +advocates have predicted? Certainly not. Incidentally it is really time +that persons with plain, sound judgment should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a>[<a href="images/013.png">11</a>]</span> cease to talk about +corruption in politics in a boarding-school tone. Corruption of politics +has nothing to do with the morals or the laxity of morals of various +political personalities. Its cause is altogether a material one. +Politics is the reflex of the business and industrial world, the mottoes +of which are: "to take is more blessed than to give"; "buy cheap and +sell dear"; "one soiled hand washes the other." There is no hope that +even woman, with her right to vote, will ever purify politics.</p> + +<p>Emancipation has brought woman economic equality with man; that is, she +can choose her own profession and trade, but as her past and present +physical training have not equipped her with the necessary strength to +compete with man, she is often compelled to exhaust all her energy, use +up her vitality and strain every nerve in order to reach the market +value. Very few ever succeed, for it is a fact that women doctors, +lawyers, architects and engineers are neither met with the same +confidence, nor do they receive the same remuneration. And those that do +reach that enticing equality generally do so at the expense of their +physical and psychical well-being. As to the great mass of working girls +and women, how much independence is gained if the narrowness and lack of +freedom of the home is exchanged for the narrowness and lack of freedom +of the factory, sweat-shop, department store, or office? In addition is +the burden which is laid on many women of looking after a "home, sweet +home"—cold, dreary, disorderly, uninviting—after a day's hard work. +Glorious independence! No wonder that hundreds of girls are so willing +to accept the first offer of marriage, sick and tired of their +independence behind the counter, or at the sewing or typewriting +machine. They are just as ready to marry as girls of middle class people +who long to throw off the yoke of parental dependence. A so-called +independence which leads only to earning the merest subsistence is not +so enticing, not so ideal that one can expect woman to sacrifice +everything for it. Our highly praised independence is, after all, but a +slow process of dulling and stifling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a>[<a href="images/014.png">12</a>]</span> woman's nature, her love instinct +and her mother instinct.</p> + +<p>Nevertheless, the position of the working girl is far more natural and +human than that of her seemingly more fortunate sister in the more +cultured professional walk of life. Teachers, physicians, lawyers, +engineers, etc., who have to make a dignified, straightened and proper +appearance, while the inner life is growing empty and dead.</p> + +<p>The narrowness of the existing conception of woman's independence and +emancipation; the dread of love for a man who is not her social equal; +the fear that love will rob her of her freedom and independence; the +horror that love or the joy of motherhood will only hinder her in the +full exercise of her profession—all these together make of the +emancipated modern woman a compulsory vestal, before whom life, with its +great clarifying sorrows and its deep, entrancing joys, rolls on without +touching or gripping her soul.</p> + +<p>Emancipation as understood by the majority of its adherents and +exponents, is of too narrow a scope to permit the boundless joy and +ecstasy contained in the deep emotion of the true woman, sweetheart, +mother, in freedom.</p> + +<p>The tragic fate of the self-supporting or economically free woman does +not consist of too many, but of too few experiences. True, she surpasses +her sister of past generations in knowledge of the world and human +nature; and it is because of that that she feels deeply the lack of +life's essence, which alone can enrich the human soul and without which +the majority of women have become mere professional automatons.</p> + +<p>That such a state of affairs was bound to come was foreseen by those who +realized that in the domain of ethics, there still remained many +decaying ruins of the time of the undisputed superiority of man; ruins +that are still considered useful. And, which is more important, a goodly +number of the emancipated are unable to get along without them. Every +movement that aims at the destruction of existing institutions and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a>[<a href="images/015.png">13</a>]</span> the +replacement thereof with such as are more advanced, more perfect, has +followers, who in theory stand for the most extreme radical ideas, and +who, nevertheless, in their every-day practice, are like the next best +Philistine, feigning respectability and clamoring for the good opinion +of their opponents. There are, for example, Socialists, and even +Anarchists, who stand for the idea that property is robbery, yet who +will grow indignant if anyone owe them the value of a half-dozen pins.</p> + +<p>The same Philistine can be found in the movement for woman's +emancipation. Yellow journalists and milk and water literateurs have +painted pictures of the emancipated woman that make the hair of the good +citizen and his dull companion stand up on end. Every member of the +women's rights movement was pictured as a George Sand in her absolute +disregard of morality. Nothing was sacred to her. She had no respect for +the ideal relation between man and woman. In short, emancipation stood +only for a reckless life of lust and sin; regardless of society, +religion and morality. The exponents of woman's rights were highly +indignant at such a misrepresentation, and, lacking in humor, they +exerted all their energy to prove that they were not at all as bad as +they were painted, but the very reverse. Of course, as long as woman was +the slave of man, she could not be good and pure, but now that she was +free and independent she would prove how good she could be and how her +influence would have a purifying effect on all institutions in society. +True, the movement for woman's rights has broken many old fetters, but +it has also established new ones. The great movement of true +emancipation has not met with a great race of women, who could look +liberty in the face. Their narrow puritanical vision banished man as a +disturber and doubtful character out of their emotional life. Man was +not to be tolerated at any price, except perhaps as the father of a +child, since a child could not very well come to life without a father. +Fortunately, the most rigid puritanism never will be strong enough to +kill the innate craving for motherhood. But woman's <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a>[<a href="images/016.png">14</a>]</span>freedom is closely +allied to man's freedom, and many of my so-called emancipated sisters +seem to overlook the fact that a child born in freedom needs the love +and devotion of each human being about him, man as well as woman. +Unfortunately, it is this narrow conception of human relations that has +brought about a great tragedy in the lives of the modern man and woman.</p> + +<p>About fifteen years ago appeared a work from the pen of the brilliant +Norwegian writer, Laura Marholm, called "Woman, a Character Study." She +was one of the first to call attention to the emptiness and narrowness +of the existing conception of woman's emancipation and its tragic effect +upon the inner life of woman. In her work she speaks of the fate of +several gifted women of international fame: The genius, Eleanora Duse; +the great mathematician and writer, Sanja Kovalevskaja; the artist and +poet nature, Marie Bashkirzeff, who died so young. Through each +description of the lives of these women of such extraordinary mentality, +runs a marked trail of unsatisfied craving for a full, rounded, complete +and beautiful life, and the unrest and loneliness resulting from the +lack of it. Through these masterly psychological sketches, one cannot +help but see that the higher the mental development of woman, the less +possible it is for her to meet a congenial mate, who will see in her, +not only sex, but also the human being, the friend, comrade and strong +individuality, who cannot and ought not lose a single trait of her +character.</p> + +<p>The average man with his self-sufficiency, his ridiculously superior +airs of patronage towards the female sex, is an impossibility for woman, +as depicted in the "Character Study" by Laura Marholm. Equally +impossible for her is the man who can see in her nothing more than her +mentality and genius, and who fails to awaken her woman nature.</p> + +<p>A rich intellect and a fine soul are usually considered necessary +attributes of a deep and beautiful personality. In the case of the +modern woman, these attributes serve as a hindrance to the complete +assertion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a>[<a href="images/017.png">15</a>]</span> of her being. For over a hundred years, the old form of +marriage, based on the Bible, "till death us do part" has been denounced +as an institution that stands for the sovereignty of the man over the +woman, of her complete submission to his whims and commands and the +absolute dependence upon his name and support. Time and again it has +been conclusively proven that the old matrimonial relation restricted +woman to the function of man's servant and the bearer of his children. +And yet we find many emancipated women who prefer marriage with all its +deficiencies to the narrowness of an unmarried life; narrow and +unendurable because of the chains of moral and social prejudice that +cramp and bind her nature.</p> + +<p>The cause for such inconsistency on the part of many advanced women is +to be found in the fact that they never truly understood the meaning of +emancipation. They thought that all that was needed was independence +from external tyrannies; the internal tyrants, far more harmful to life +and growth, such as ethical and social conventions, were left to take +care of themselves; and they have taken care of themselves. They seem to +get along beautifully in the heads and hearts of the most active +exponents of woman's emancipation, as in the heads and hearts of our +grandmothers.</p> + +<p>These internal tyrants, whether they be in the form of public opinion or +what will mother say, or brother, father, aunt or relative of any sort; +what will Mrs. Grundy, Mr. Comstock, the employer, the Board of +Education say? All these busybodies, moral detectives, jailers of the +human spirit, what will they say? Until woman has learned to defy them +all, to stand firmly on her own ground and to insist upon her own +unrestricted freedom, to listen to the voice of her nature, whether it +call for life's greatest treasure, love for a man, or her most glorious +privilege, the right to give birth to a child, she cannot call herself +emancipated. How many emancipated women are brave enough to acknowledge +that the voice of love is calling, wildly beating against their breasts +demanding to be heard, to be satisfied.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a>[<a href="images/018.png">16</a>]</span></p><p>The French novelist, Jean Reibrach, in one of his novels, "New Beauty," +attempts to picture the ideal, beautiful, emancipated woman. This ideal +is embodied in a young girl, a physician. She talks very clearly and +wisely of how to feed infants, she is kind and administers medicines +free to poor mothers. She converses with a young man of her acquaintance +about the sanitary conditions of the future and how various bacilli and +germs shall be exterminated by the use of stone walls and floors, and +the doing away of rugs and hangings. She is, of course, very plainly and +practically dressed, mostly in black. The young man, who, at their first +meeting was overawed by the wisdom of his emancipated friend, gradually +learns to understand her, and recognizes one fine day that he loves her. +They are young and she is kind and beautiful, and though always in rigid +attire, her appearance is softened by spotlessly clean white collar and +cuffs. One would expect that he would tell her of his love, but he is +not one to commit romantic absurdities. Poetry and the enthusiasm of +love cover their blushing faces before the pure beauty of the lady. He +silences the voice of his nature and remains correct. She, too, is +always exact, always rational, always well behaved. I fear if they had +formed a union, the young man would have risked freezing to death. I +must confess that I can see nothing beautiful in this new beauty, who is +as cold as the stone walls and floors she dreams of. Rather would I have +the love songs of romantic ages, rather Don Juan and Madame Venus, +rather an elopement by ladder and rope on a moonlight night, followed by +a father's curse, mother's moans, and the moral comments of neighbors, +than correctness and propriety measured by yardsticks. If love does not +know how to give and take without restriction it is not love, but a +transaction that never fails to lay stress on a plus and a minus.</p> + +<p>The greatest shortcoming of the emancipation of the present day lies in +its artificial stiffness and its narrow respectabilities which produce +an emptiness in woman's soul that will not let her drink from the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a>[<a href="images/019.png">17</a>]</span> +fountain of life. I once remarked that there seemed to be a deeper +relationship between the old-fashioned mother and hostess, ever on the +alert for the happiness of her little ones and the comfort of those she +loved and the truly new woman, than between the latter and her average +emancipated sister. The disciples of emancipation pure and simple +declared me heathen, merely fit for the stake. Their blind zeal did not +let them see that my comparison between the old and the new was merely +to prove that a goodly number of our grandmothers had more blood in +their veins, far more humor and wit, and certainly a greater amount of +naturalness, kind-heartedness and simplicity than the majority of our +emancipated professional women who fill our colleges, halls of learning, +and various offices. This does not mean a wish to return to the past, +nor does it condemn woman to her old sphere, the kitchen and the +nursery.</p> + +<p>Salvation lies in an energetic march onward towards a brighter and +clearer future. We are in need of unhampered growth out of old +traditions and habits. The movement for woman's emancipation has so far +made but the first step in that direction. It is to be hoped that it +will gather strength to make another. The right to vote, equal civil +rights, are all very good demands, but true emancipation begins neither +at the polls nor in courts. It begins in woman's soul. History tells us +that every oppressed class gained its true liberation from its masters +through its own efforts. It is necessary that woman learn that lesson, +that she realize that her freedom will reach as far as her power to +achieve her freedom reaches. It is therefore far more important for her +to begin with her inner regeneration, to cut loose from the weight of +prejudices, traditions, and customs. The demand for various equal rights +in every vocation in life is just and fair, but, after all, the most +vital right is the right to love and be loved. Indeed if the partial +emancipation is to become a complete and true emancipation of woman, it +will have to do away with the ridiculous notion that to be loved, to be +sweetheart and mother, is <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a>[<a href="images/020.png">18</a>]</span>synonomous with being slave or subordinate. +It will have to do away with the absurd notion of the dualism of the +sexes, or that man and woman represent two antagonistic worlds.</p> + +<p>Pettiness separates, breadth unites. Let us be broad and big. Let us not +overlook vital things, because of the bulk of trifles confronting us. A +true conception of the relation of the sexes will not admit of conqueror +and conquered; it knows of but one great thing: to give of one's self +boundlessly in order to find oneself richer, deeper, better. That alone +can fill the emptiness and replace the tragedy of woman's emancipation +with joy, limitless joy.</p> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep01.jpg" width='70' height='50' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="TRY_LOVE" id="TRY_LOVE"></a>TRY LOVE</h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">Grace Potter</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropi.jpg" alt="I" width="61" height="60" />N the human heart it lies. The key to happiness Men call the key love. +In the sweet time of youth, every man and every maid knows where lies +the key that will unlock happiness. Sometimes, they, laughing, hold the +key in eager, willing hands and will not put it in the door for very +bliss and waiting. Just outside they laugh and play and blow wild kisses +to the world. The whole world of men and women, who in their youth found +happiness in just that way, is gathered round to see it found again.</p> + +<p>When at last the man and maid unlock the door and go in joy to find +their happiness, the men and women who have been watching them bury +their faces in their hands and weep. Why do they weep? Because they are +thinking that soon other doors in life will be met by this man and maid +and that there will be no keys to unlock them. They, themselves, could +find no key.</p> + +<p>They never thought of trying the key of love in all the doors of life. +Long and wearily, eyes searching<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a>[<a href="images/021.png">19</a>]</span> wide, hands eagerly groping, they have +spent their time trying to find other keys. They have looked for and +found knowledge. And tried that. Looked for and found fame. And tried +that. Looked for and found wealth. And tried that. Looked for and found +many, many other keys. And tried them all. And when at last they have +lain down on their deathbeds, they have turned gray hopeless faces to +the world and died saying, "We could not find the right key."</p> + +<p>Some few, some very few, there are, who try the key of love in all +life's doors. Radiant, they turn to the men and women about and cry, +"Try love! It unlocks all other doors as surely as it does the first in +life. Try love!"</p> + +<p>And though their fellow beings see that these are the only ones in all +the world who find happiness, they turn doubting from them. "It cannot +be," they say, "that the key we used in youth should be used again in +all the other doors of life." And so they keep on trying the keys that +every disappointed, dying man calls out in warning voice will fail.</p> + +<p>Only a few there are who learn—a very few—that love unlocks all other +doors in life as surely as it does the first. Try love!</p> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep05.jpg" width='50' height='44' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<p class="tbrk"><b>Japan.</b>—A new civilization. The land of a new culture! was the cry of +every penny-a-liner at the time when she began to display her +battleships, cannon, and her accomplished method of drilling her +soldiers. They were mocking themselves and did not know how. They talk +of culture and civilization and their criterion thereof is the +development of the technique of murder. Again, Japan a modern state. She +can take her place in the ranks of other civilized countries. Rejoice! +and then learn that victorious Japan is on the threshold of a famine. +Nearly a million people, it is laconically reported, are in danger of +dying of starvation. Surely, no one will possibly doubt now that Japan +is a civilized country.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a>[<a href="images/022.png">20</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="WITHOUT_GOVERNMENT" id="WITHOUT_GOVERNMENT"></a>WITHOUT GOVERNMENT</h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">Max Baginski</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropt.jpg" alt="T" width="59" height="54" />HE gist of the anarchistic idea is this, that there are qualities +present in man, which permit the possibilities of social life, +organization, and co-operative work without the application of force. +Such qualities are solidarity, common action, and love of justice. +To-day they are either crippled or made ineffective through the +influence of compulsion; they can hardly be fully unfolded in a society +in which groups, classes, and individuals are placed in hostile, +irreconcilable opposition to one another. In human nature to-day such +traits are fostered and developed which separate instead of combining, +call forth hatred instead of a common feeling, destroy the humane +instead of building it up. The cultivation of these traits could not be +so successful if it did not find the best nourishment in the foundations +and institutions of the present social order.</p> + +<p>On close inspection of these institutions, which are based upon the +power of the State that maintains them, mankind shows itself as a huge +menagerie, in which the captive beasts seek to tear the morsels from +each other's greedy jaws. The sharpest teeth, the strongest claws and +paws vanquish the weaker competitors. Malice and underhand dealing are +victorious over frankness and confidence. The struggle for the means of +existence and for the maintenance of achieved power fill the entire +space of the menagerie with an infernal noise. Among the methods which +are used to secure this organized bestiality the most prominent ones are +the hangman, the judge with his mechanical: "In the name of the king," +or his more hypocritical: "In the name of the people I pass sentence"; +the soldier with his training for murder, and the priest with his: +"Authority comes from God."</p> + +<p>The exteriors of prisons, armories, and churches show that they are +institutions in which the body and soul are subdued. He whose thoughts +reach beyond<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a>[<a href="images/023.png">21</a>]</span> this philosophy of the menagerie sees in them the +strongest expression of the view, that it is not possible to make life +worth living the more with the help of reason, love, justice, +solidarity. The family and school take care to prepare man for these +institutions. They deliver him up to the state, so to speak, blindfolded +and with fettered limbs. Force, force. It echoes through all history. +The first law which subjected man to man was based upon force. The +private right of the individual to land was built up by force; force +took way the claims upon homesteads from the majority and made them +unsettled and transitory. It was force that spoke to mankind thus: "Come +to me, humble yourself before me, serve me, bring the treasures and +riches of the earth under MY roof. You are destined by Providence to +always be in want. You shall be allowed just enough to maintain strength +with which to enrich me infinitely by your exertions and to load me down +with superfluity and luxury."</p> + +<p>What maintains the material and intellectual slavery of the masses and +the insanity of the autocracy of the few? Force. Workingmen produce in +the factories and workshops the most varied things for the use of man. +What is it that drives them to yield up these products for speculation's +sake to those who produce nothing, and to content themselves with only a +fractional part of the values which they produce? It is force.</p> + +<p>What is it that makes the brain-worker just as dependent in the +intellectual realm as the artisan in the material world? Force. The +artist and the writer being compelled to gain a livelihood dare not +dream of giving the best of their individuality. No, they must scan the +market in order to find out what is demanded just then. Not any +different than the dealer in clothes who must study the style of the +season before he places his merchandise before the public. Thus art and +literature sink to the level of bad taste and speculation. The artistic +individuality shrinks before the calculating reckoner. Not that which +moves the artist or the writer most receives expression; the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a>[<a href="images/024.png">22</a>]</span> +vacillating demands of mediocrity of every-day people must be satisfied. +The artist becomes the helper of the dealer and the average men, who +trot along in the tracks of dull habit.</p> + +<p>The State Socialists love to assert that at present we live in the age +of individualism; the truth, however, is that individuality was never +valued at so low a rate as to-day. Individual thinking and feeling are +incumbrances and not recommendations on the paths of life. Wherever they +are found on the market they meet with the word "adaptation." Adapt +yourself to the demands of the reigning social powers, act the obedient +servant before them, and if you produce something be sure that it does +not run against the grain of your "superiors," or say adieu to success, +reputation and recompense. Amuse the people, be their clown, give them +platitudes about which they can laugh, prejudices which they hold as +righteousness and falsehoods which they hold as truths. Paint the whole, +crown it with regard for good manners, for society does not like to hear +the truth about itself. Praise the men in power as fathers of the +people, have the devourers of the common wealth parade along as +benefactors of mankind.</p> + +<p>Of course, the force which humbles humanity in this manner is far from +openly declaring itself as force. It is masked, and in the course of +time it has learned to step forward with the least possible noise. That +diminishes the danger of being recognized.</p> + +<p>The modern republic is a good example. In it tyranny is veiled so +correctly, that there are really great numbers of people who are +deceived by this masquerade, and who maintain that what they perceive is +a true face with honest eyes.</p> + +<p>No czar, no king. But right in line with these are the landowners, the +merchants, manufacturers, landlords, monopolists. They all are in +possession, which is as strong a guarantee for the continuance of their +power, as a castle surrounded by thick walls. Whoever possesses can rob +him who possesses nothing of his independence. If I am dependent for a +living on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a>[<a href="images/025.png">23</a>]</span> work, for which I need contrivances and machines, which I my +self cannot procure, because I am without means, I must sacrifice my +independence to him who possesses these contrivances and machines. You +may work here, he will tell me, but only under the condition that you +will deliver up the products of your labor to me, that I may trade with +and make profit on them.</p> + +<p>The one without possessions has no choice. He may appeal to the +declaration of human rights; he may point to his political rights, the +equality before the law, before God and the archangels—if he wants to +eat, drink, dress and have a home he must choose such work as the +conditions of the industrial mercantile or agricultural plants impose +upon him.</p> + +<p>Through organized opposition the workingmen can somewhat improve this +condition; by the help of trade unions they can regulate the hours of +work and hinder the reduction of wages to a level too low for mere +living. The trade unions are a necessity for the workingmen, a bulwark +against which the most unbearable demands of the class of possessors +rebound; but a complete freeing of labor—be it of an intellectual or of +a physical nature—can be brought about only through the abolition of +wage work and the right of private ownership of land and the sources of +maintenance and nourishment of mankind. There are heart-rending cries +over the blasphemous opinion that property is not as holy a thing as its +possessors would like to make it. They declare that possessions must not +be less protected than human life, for they are necessary foundations of +society. The case is represented as though everybody were highly +interested in the maintenance of the right of private property, whereas +conditions are such that non-possession is the normal condition of most +people.</p> + +<p>Because few possess everything, therefore the many possess nothing. So +far as possession can be considered as an oppressive measure in the +hands of a few, it is a monopoly. Set in a paradox it would read: The +abolition of property will free the people from homelessness and +non-possession. In fact, this will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a>[<a href="images/026.png">24</a>]</span> happen when the earth with its +treasures shall cease to be an object of trade for usurers; when it +shall vouchsafe to all a home and a livelihood. Then not only the bent +bodies will straighten; the intellect free itself as might the bound +Prometheus rid himself of his fetters and leave the rock to which he is +chained, but we shall look back on the institutions of force, the state, +the hangman, et al, as ghosts of an anxious fantasy.</p> + +<p>In free unions the trades will organize themselves and will produce the +means of livelihood. Things will not be produced for profit's sake, but +for the sake of need. The profit-grabber has grown superfluous just as +his patron, the state, which at present serves by means of its taxes and +revenues, his anti-humanitarian purposes and hinders the reasonable +consumption of goods. From the governing mania the foundation will be +withdrawn; for those strata in society will be lacking which therefore +had grown rich and fat by monopolizing the earth and its production. +They alone needed legislatures to make laws against the disinherited. +They needed courts of justice to condemn; they needed the police to +carry out practically the terrible social injustice, the cause of which +lay in their existence and manner of living. And now the political +corruptionists are lacking who served the above-mentioned classes as +helpers, and therefore had to be supported as smaller drones.</p> + +<p>What a pleasant surprise! We see now that the production and +distribution of means of livelihood are a much simpler matter without +government than with government. And people now realize that the +governments never promoted their welfare, but rather made it impossible, +since with the help of force they only allowed the right of possession +to the minority.</p> + +<p>Life is really worth living now. It ceases to be an endless, mad +drudgery, a repugnant struggle for a mere existence.</p> + +<p>Truth and beauty are enthroned upon the necessity of procuring the means +of existence in a co-operative organized manner. The social motives +which to-day<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a>[<a href="images/027.png">25</a>]</span> make man ambitious, hypocritical, stealthy, are +ineffective. One need not sell his individuality for a mess of pottage, +as Esau sold his primogeniture.</p> + +<p>At last the individuality of man has struck a solid social foundation on +which it can prosper. The individual originality in man is valued; it +fructifies art, literature, science, which now, in so far as they are +dependent upon the state and ownership—which is far-reaching—must take +the direction of prescribed models that are acknowledged, and must not +be directed against the continuance of the leisure classes.</p> + +<p>Love will be free. Love's favor is a free granting, a giving and taking +without speculation. No prostitution; for the economic and social power +of one person over another exists no longer, and with the falling off of +external oppression many an internal serfdom of feeling will be done +away with, which often is only the reflex of hard external compulsion. +Then the longing of large hearts may take tangible shape. Utopias are +arrows aimed into the future, harbingers of a new reality.</p> + +<p>Rabelais, in his description of life in the "Thelemite Abbey," wrote:</p> + +<p>"All their life was spent not in laws, statutes, or rules, but according +to their own free will and pleasure. They rose out of their beds when +they thought good; they did eat, drink, labor, sleep, when they had a +mind to it, and were disposed for it. None did awake them, none did +offer to constrain them to eat, drink, nor do any other thing. In all +their rule and strictest tie of their order, there was but this one +clause to be observed: 'Do What Thou Wilt.'</p> + +<p>"Because men that are free, well-born, well-bred, and conversant in +honest companies, have naturally an instinct and spur that prompteth +them unto virtuous actions, and withdraws them from vice, which is +called honor. Those same men, when by base subjection and constraint +they are brought under and kept down, turn aside from that noble +disposition, by which they formerly were inclined to virtue, to shake +off that bond of servitude, wherein they are so tyrannously enslaved;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a>[<a href="images/028.png">26</a>]</span> +for it is agreeable to the nature of man to long after things forbidden, +and to desire what is denied us. By this liberty they entered into a +very laudable emulation, to do all of them what they saw did please one. +If any of the gallants or ladies should say, 'Let us drink,' they would +all drink. If any one of them said, 'Let us play,' they all played. If +one said, 'Let us go a walking into the fields,' they went all. If it +were to go a hawking, or a hunting, the ladies mounted upon dainty +well-paced nags, seated in a stately palfrey saddle, carried on their +lovely fists either a sparhawk, or a lanneret, or a marlin, and the young +gallants carried the other kinds of hawks. So nobly were they taught, +that there was neither he nor she amongst them, but could read, write, +sing, play upon several musical instruments, speak five or six several +languages, and compose in them all very quaintly, both in verse and +prose. Never were seen so valiant knights, so noble and worthy, so +dexterous and skilful both on foot and horseback, more brisk and lively, +more nimble and quick, or better handling all manner of weapons, than +were there. Never were seen ladies so proper and handsome, so miniard +and dainty, less forward, or more ready with their hand, and with their +needle, in every honest and free action belonging to that sex, than were +there."</p> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep03.jpg" width='50' height='37' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<p><b>A few days ago</b> the red ghost of revolution showed itself in the White +House. The President saw it and threatened it with his boxing fists: +"What are you looking for here, be off to Russia." "You are comical in +your excitement," answered Revolution. "You must know, I am not only +Russian, I am international, at home here as well as on the other side +of the great water."</p> + +<p class="tbrk"><b>A Proposition.</b>—Would it not be wiser to explain theories out of life +and not life out of theories?</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a>[<a href="images/029.png">27</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="VIVE_LE_ROI" id="VIVE_LE_ROI"></a>VIVE LE ROI</h2> + +<h3><span class="smcap">By Frances Maule Bjorkman</span></h3> + +<div class="poem tbrk"><div class="stanza stanzaimage"> +<img src="images/dropa.jpg" alt="A" width="69" height="60" /><div>YE, vive le roi. The King is dead—</div> +<div class="i2">So move our lives from day to day.</div> +<div>The triumph of to-morrow's lord</div> +<div class="i2">Meets for our former chief's decay.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>Then love and live and laugh and sing—</div> +<div class="i2">The world is good and life is free—</div> +<div>There's not a single care I know</div> +<div class="i2">That's worth a single tear from me.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>What's love or fame or place or power?</div> +<div class="i2">What's wealth when we shall come to die?</div> +<div>What matters anything on earth</div> +<div class="i2">So long as only I am I?</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>The Joy or grief or love or shame</div> +<div class="i2">That holds its little hour of sway</div> +<div>Is only worth its destined time—</div> +<div class="i2">What use to try to make it stay?</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>Aye, let it go. The monarch dead,</div> +<div class="i2">A better king our shouts may hail</div> +<div>And if a worse—well, still be glad;</div> +<div class="i2">He too will pass behind the vail.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>They all must pass—fame, joy and love,</div> +<div class="i2">The sting of grief, the blot of shame;</div> +<div>The only thing that really counts</div> +<div class="i2">Is how we bear the praise or blame.</div> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<div>I'll take the good the while it lasts</div> +<div class="i2">And when it goes I'll learn to sing,</div> +<div>All eager for the coming joy—</div> +<div class="i2">"The king is dead, long live the king."</div> +</div></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a>[<a href="images/030.png">28</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="Reflections_of_A_Rich_Man" id="Reflections_of_A_Rich_Man"></a>Reflections of A Rich Man</h2> + +<p><b>If God were not in existence</b> we would have to order one from the +Professors of Theology.</p> + +<p>The fear, instilled in the majority of the poor, with the God, Devil, +Heaven and Hell idea, is greater than their dread of a hundred thousand +policemen. Had we not given God the place of Chief Gendarme of the +Universe, we would need twice as many soldiers and police as we have +to-day.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>A poor devil</b> who owns but one million dollars said to me the other day: +"I, in your place, would rather contribute money towards art and +literature than to donate it to the Baptist Church." What an +impracticable fellow! Art and literature, among the common people, only +tends to cause mischief. They are to remain our privilege. We know the +demands of good taste and we can afford to pay for the æsthetic +pleasures of life. The majority is unable to do that; besides, to teach +them the beauty of art only means to make them discontented and +rebellious against our authority.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>I frankly admit</b> I never had a great admiration for Jesus of Nazareth. A +man of disordered circumstances arouses my disgust. Jesus was neither +engaged in any kind of a business, nor did he possess as much as a bank +account, nor even a steady home. He preached to the poor. What for? The +poor should work and not philosophize. The Scriptures tell nowhere that +Jesus returned the mule, upon which he made his entry into Jerusalem, to +the owner, or that he paid him for it. I strongly suspect he did not do +it. One thing is certain, I never would have taken this dreamer of the +abolition of profits as my business partner.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>It was very hot</b> yesterday. I walked through my park, intending to betake +myself to my favorite place for rest and reverie. Suddenly I stood +still, arrested<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a>[<a href="images/031.png">29</a>]</span> by the sight of a man lying under a tree. In my park? +And how the fellow looked! In rags and dirty! I have been told I was +kind-hearted, and I realized this myself at the moment. I walked over to +the man and inquired interestedly: "Are you ill?" He grunted in reply. +The wretch must have thought, in his sleep, that I was one of his kind. +My generosity did not cease. "If you need money, do not feel shy about +telling me. How much do you need. I am the rich X Y Z, who has a +fabulous fortune, as you have undoubtedly heard." At this remark the +scoundrel turned on the other side, with his back toward me, and said, +while yawning: "What I want? I want to sleep. Will you be good enough to +keep the mosquitoes away for two hours?" Within five minutes I had my +servant kick this impertinent and ungrateful wretch out of my park. If +all of the low class think as this fellow, I fear our charitable efforts +in their behalf will accomplish little.</p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/sep06.jpg" width='50' height='48' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<p class="tbrk"><b>Eleven million</b>, nine hundred and seventeen thousand, nine hundred and +forty-six dollars and fifty-eight cents is what the gallant Gen. Bingham +asks us for protecting us from each other for the ensuing year. With a +population of four million and 4.50 members to a family, we pay a +fraction less than $3 per head, and about $13.50 for a family, a year +for police protection in this enlightened Christian (750,000 of us are +Jews, but ours is a Christian city) city of ours. I'd give that silver +watch of mine away and mind my own business if I thought it would come +cheaper, but it won't do. H. H. Rogers is my brother and keeper, and he +insists he needs protection, and I must pay for it, so what can I do? +I've told him I'm a peaceful, propertyless man with no higher ambition +than to love my fellow-man—and woman, and mind my own business; but his +reply has invariably been, "I'm Dr. Tarr, and my system prevails in this +lunatic asylum!" I recognize the logic of his argument all right and +continue to pay for his protection and feel grateful for the privilege +of grumbling a little now and again.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a>[<a href="images/032.png">30</a>]</span></p> +<h2><a name="COMSTOCKERY" id="COMSTOCKERY"></a>COMSTOCKERY</h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">John R. Coryell</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropb.jpg" alt="B" width="63" height="60" />E it understood that the shocking thing which we know as Comstockery, +goes back into the centuries for its origin; being, indeed, the perfect +flower of that asceticism, which was engrafted on the degraded +Christianity which took its name from Christ without in the least +comprehending the spirit of his lofty conception.</p> + +<p>The man Comstock, who has the shameful distinction of having lent his +name to the idea of which he is the willing and probably the fit +exponent, may be dismissed without further consideration, since he is, +after all, only the inevitable as he is the deplorable result of that +for which he stands; seemingly without any sense of the shame and the +awfulness of it.</p> + +<p>It may be said, too, in dismissing him, that it is of no consequence +whether the very unpleasant stories current concerning him are true or +not. It is altogether probable that a man who stands for what he does +and who glories in proclaiming the things he does, will also do things +for which he does not stand and which he does not proclaim. That is a +characteristic of most of us and only proves that, after all, he is not +less than human.</p> + +<p>The only point that need be made in regard to the man who is proud of +representing Comstockery is, that if he had not done so, some other lost +soul would. In that sad stage of our social growth when death was the +penalty for most infractions of the law, an executioner could always be +found who took pride in his work and who seemed to be beyond the reach +of the scorn, the abhorrence and the contempt of his fellows.</p> + +<p>Comstockery, as we know it, is apparently an organized effort to +regulate the morals of the people. If it were nothing more than this, it +would be absurd and negligible, because futile; for what we call morals +are only the observances which the conditions of life impose upon a +people; and an act depends, for its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a>[<a href="images/033.png">31</a>]</span> moral status, upon its relation to +those conditions. As, for example, horse-stealing in a closely settled +community, which has its railroads and other means of communication, is +a crime to be punished by a brief period of imprisonment; while in the +sparsely settled sections of a country, where the horse is an imperative +necessity of life, its theft becomes a hanging matter, whatever the +written law for that section of the country may be as to the punishment +of the crime. And men, brought up in law-abiding communities in the +deepest respect for the law, will, under the changed conditions of life, +not merely condone the infliction of a penalty in excess of that +provided by law, but will themselves assist, virtuously satisfied with +their conduct because the society of which they form a part has decided +that horse-stealing shall be so punished. On the other hand, there are +numerous laws on the statute books, still unrepealed and unenforceable +because the acts treated of are no longer held to be offences against +morality. In other words, the morals of a people can be regulated only +by themselves.</p> + +<p>What Comstockery does is bad enough, but its real awfulness lies in the +fact that it seems to fairly enough represent us in our attitude toward +a certain class of ideas and things. It is the expression of our +essential immorality—using that word in its conventional sense—having +its roots deep down in pruriency, hypocrisy and ignorance. Like the +blush on the cheek of the courtesan, it deceives no one, but is none the +less a truthful expression, not of the thing it simulates, but of the +character of the simulator.</p> + +<p>Comstockery was probably brought to this country by the first +Anglo-Saxon, whether pirate or minister of the gospel, who set foot on +this soil; certainly it was a finely blooming plant on the Mayflower, +and was soon blossoming here as never elsewhere in the world, giving out +such a fragrance that the peculiar odor of it has become a +characteristic of this land of liberty.</p> + +<p>When the so-called Comstock laws were passed there was a real disease to +be treated: The symptoms<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a>[<a href="images/034.png">32</a>]</span> of the disease were obscene books and pictures +which were being freely circulated among the children of the land, +boarding-schools, whether for girls or boys, being fairly flooded with +the pernicious literature. The work of confiscation, suppression and of +imprisonment was done thoroughly and conscientiously, so that in the +course of a comparatively short time it was difficult to find books or +pictures of the kind in question. It is said that the effectiveness of +the work done is best shown by the one or more libraries of obscene +books which the society, or some of its officers, have collected.</p> + +<p>The value of the work done and the efficiency of the workers were +recognized in the passage from time to time of laws giving extraordinary +powers not alone to the popularly so-called "Comstock Society," but to +officers of the government. A perfect fury of purity took possession of +our legislators; they were determined to stamp out impurity. And perhaps +they were establishing reputations for themselves. It is recorded that +in the days of the Inquisition men established their orthodoxy by the +loudness of their cries against heresy; that in the times of the French +Revolution, men proved their patriotism by making charges of treason +against their neighbors; that practicing polygamists have purified +themselves by hounding a theoretical polygamist out of their legislative +body. Anyhow, the laws were passed, the thing was done.</p> + +<p>And what was the thing that was done? A moral Inquisition had been +established. Arguing from a wrong premise a hideous conclusion had been +reached. It was voiced only a few weeks ago by an official of the +postoffice in Chicago, when confiscating a publication. He said in +substance, if not literally: "Any discussion of sex is obscene."</p> + +<p>There it is in a few words—a complete and perfect treatise on +Comstockery! In the early days in some parts of New England, a man might +not kiss his wife on a Sunday. On common days, the filthy act was +permissible, but the Sabbath must not be so defiled. And now, any +discussion of sex is obscenity!</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a>[<a href="images/035.png">33</a>]</span></p><p>Pause a while and consider what this means and whither it will lead, +where it has already led. Discussion of sex is obscene; then sex, +itself, must be obscene; life and all that pertains to it must be +filthy. That is, providing it be the life of Man. The sex of flowers may +be discussed frankly and freely either for the pleasure of knowledge, or +in order to use knowledge for the purpose of improving the flower. The +sex of animals may be discussed; it is discussed in government +publications and in the many farm journals published throughout the +country, because it is necessary to improve the breed of our domestic +animals, because these animals are valuable. But discussion of the sex +of man is obscene!</p> + +<p>There have been some changes in public sentiment, some changes, perhaps, +in the grey matter on the judicial bench, since the early days in New +York when Comstockery was most rampant: for what was tolerated then is +not tolerated now; some things that were judicially wrong then are +judicially right now. And in this change there is hope and the promise +of greater change.</p> + +<p>In those early days a confectioner on Fulton street sought to attract +customers by exhibiting in his window a painting by a great artist. If +memory serves, it was "The Triumph of Charles V." by Hans Makart. +Figures of nude females were in the picture, and Comstockery established +in its censorship of art and solemnly unconscious of its appalling +ignorance, but true to its fundamental pruriency, ordered the picture +removed from the window. And it was removed. Just as Boston, finding its +bronze bacchante immodest, rejected the brazen hussey. And now she +stands on her pedestal in the Metropolitan Museum in New York, giving +joy to the beholder, and—not ordered down by Comstockery. Why? And why +is not the whole museum purged of its nude figures? It is a puzzle not +even to be solved by the theory of change in public sentiment; for it is +only a few months ago that the art censor in chief of Comstockery saw in +the window of an art dealer on Fifth Avenue a landscape in which +figured<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a>[<a href="images/036.png">34</a>]</span> several nude children discreetly wandering away from the +beholder. The picture was ordered out of the window forthwith. And went. +A few blocks below, on Broadway, there were then and are now exhibited +in a window, numerous photographs of nude children, not all of them +discreet as to way of their going. Why? Has the art censor decided that +the photographs are innocuous, or that they are art?</p> + +<p>But these instances and the amazing expeditions made by the censor into +the realm of literature are hardly more than ludicrous; and they can and +will correct themselves. But the frightful results of Comstockery, as +applied to life and to real purity, cannot be so lightly passed over. +And let it not be forgotten that an indictment of Comstockery is an +indictment of ourselves, for the prurient, hypocritical, degrading thing +can exist not one instant after we have declared that it shall perish.</p> + +<p>It is no exaggeration to say that Comstockery is the arch enemy of +society. It seeks to make hypocrisy respectable; it would convert +impurity into a basic virtue; it labels ignorance, innocence; it has +legislated knowledge into a crime; and it seeks its perpetuation in the +degradation of an enfeebled human race. And that these are not +over-statements can easily be established to the satisfaction of any +reasonable mind.</p> + +<p>The most creditable work ever done by Comstockery was the practical +suppression and elimination of the obscene book; but when that is said, +all is said. How worse than fatuous, how absolutely fiendish that +physician would be deemed who hid the signs of small-pox with paint and +powder and permitted his patient to roam at will among his fellows, +unwarned even of the nature of the fell disease that was devouring his +life. Nay, worse! What if the physician should have himself clothed with +plenary powers and should compel the poor wretch to refrain from making +his case known after he had discovered its nature? But this is precisely +what Comstockery does.</p> + +<p>The obscene book was removed from circulation. In other words, the +symptom of the disease was hidden.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a>[<a href="images/037.png">35</a>]</span> But was anything done to eliminate +the disease, or to remove its cause? On the contrary, everything +possible was done to perpetuate the disease; everything possible was +done to prevent anyone who had suffered from the disease or who knew +anything about it, from imparting his knowledge. For the disease was +ignorance; ignorance of self, of life, of sex. And not only does +Comstockery strive to perpetuate ignorance, not only does it glorify +ignorance and miscall it innocence, not only does it elevate it into a +virtue, but it has legislated knowledge into a crime. The offence of the +book it had eliminated was not its vicious misinformation, but its use +of sex as a subject. The postoffice has said that any discussion of sex +is obscene and the courts have put one noble old man of over seventy +years into prison at hard labor, and have punished an aged woman +physician in some other way because they sought, in all purity and +right-mindedness, to help their brothers and sisters to a knowledge of +themselves.</p> + +<p>It is true that, at last, there is a rift within the lute; or would it +better be called a leak in the sewer? Comstockery has not quite the +standing that it once had. When it was made generally known that a +postoffice official had said that any discussion of sex was obscene, +there followed such a rattling fire of reprobation and condemnation even +from many startled conventionalists, who could support the thing but +could not look it in the face, that the maker of the now historic phrase +was moved to deny that he had said it officially. In fact, there are +many signs, most of them still small, on the distant horizon, it is +true, which indicate that we are becoming alive to the fact that it is +imperative that sex should be discussed.</p> + +<p>This is an age of radical ideas. Radicalism in politics, in religion, in +ethics is ripe; which is only another way of saying that we are +beginning to dare to think. Probably the most apparent, if not the most +significant, sign of the general radicalism, is the tendency to exalt +the science of life to an even higher plane than that which it occupied +in the days of Hellenic supremacy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a>[<a href="images/038.png">36</a>]</span> We are beginning to understand that +right living is a purely physical matter, and that morals are only laws +of health; and if there are yet but few who dare take so radical a view +of morals as that, still there are quite as few who will not admit +freely that nothing can be immoral which is beneficial to the human +body.</p> + +<p>Of course, it is unthinkable, even from the point of view of the most +conventional of orthodox Christians, that there can be any immorality in +sex, for sex in itself is absolutely a work of the deity, hence of the +highest morality, if it can have any such attribute at all. As well +might one give digestion a moral quality. Morality is surely a matter of +personal conduct. One may say that it is immoral to eat so much as to +injure one's health, but it is not a matter of record that any +considerable body of persons declares the stomach to be an immoral +organ, or the digestive function to be an immoral one, or any discussion +of digestion immoral. Then why sex or sex functions?</p> + +<p>It is true that Comstockery has us to designate our legs, limbs, though +not at the present time with any legal penalty for not doing so; it +prescribes the word stomach for polite usage in describing that part of +the body which lies subjacent to the actual stomach, anterior to the +spinal column and posterior to the abdominal wall; it forbids a visible +bifurcated garment for the "limbs" of a female; and it does a variety of +other absurd things, all going to show that in some singular fashion it +has confounded acts with things; as one might call all knives immoral +because a few knives had been used to do murder with.</p> + +<p>By what extraordinary process does Comstockery conjure decency into the +stomach and indecency into the bowels? But how rejoiced we should be +that it is no worse than indecent to speak of the receptacle of the +intestines by its common name. By some hocus pocus of which Comstockery +is easily capable it might have been obscene to speak of the digestive +process or of any of the digestive organs. We might easily have been +taught that digestion was a moral matter, not to be talked of, not to be +studied; ignorance of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a>[<a href="images/039.png">37</a>]</span> which was a virtue, knowledge of which a crime. +And then, under those conditions, if a person, possessed of a little +knowledge such as might have crept stealthily down the ages, were in a +fine humanitarian spirit to dare to publish some of the things he knew +in order to help dyspeptic humanity, he would have been robbed of his +worldly goods and clapped forthwith into jail. Fancy that under such +circumstances a man who had lived his three score and ten years and had +learned something from his own suffering and experience, something from +the secretly imparted information of others, might not say a word to +help his fellows. Is it not too absurd to contemplate without both tears +and laughter that that man who should plead with his fellow men to +abstain from habitually living on butter cakes and coffee, should be +charged with obscenity and imprisoned in consequence? And imagine some +sapient postoffice official solemnly declaring that any discussion of +digestion is obscene! Consider how the land would be flooded with +literature describing the pleasures of gluttony and depicting impossible +gastronomic feats! Consider, too, trying to cure indigestion and to +suppress the orgies of our children in pies, crullers, fritters and +butter cakes by the naïve device of forbidding all knowledge of the +digestive function and making the utterance of the name of a digestive +organ an obscenity punishable by fine and imprisonment!</p> + +<p>Digestion is a matter to be considered in the light of hygiene. So is +sex. Digestion is not in itself either moral or immoral. Neither is sex. +But there is the most hideous immorality in the ascription of obscenity +to sex, sex function or any phase of sex life. And this is the crime of +Comstockery. It has reared an awful idol to which have been sacrificed +the best of our youth; with hypocrisy the high-priest, ignorance the +creed, and pruriency the detective.</p> + +<p>Comstockery strikes at the very root of life. It forbids that we shall +know how to live our best; it forbids that we shall know how to save our +children from the perils we have so discreditably passed through; it +raises barriers of false modesty between parents and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a>[<a href="images/040.png">38</a>]</span> children by +branding the very science of life an obscenity. Owing to the shocking +suggestions of Comstockery all that relates to life is degraded into the +gutter; and that which would be pure and sweet and wholesome in the home +or in the school, becomes filthy Comstockery on the snickering lips of +ignorant play-fellows.</p> + +<p>The wonder is that we have endured the nasty thing for so long a time. +We have been boys and girls and have gone from our parents to our +school-mates and play-fellows for the information to which we are +entitled by very reason of living, but, more than all; because of our +need to live right. We all know the hideous untruths we were told +because of Comstockery; we all know how much we had to unlearn, and how +great the suffering mentally, how great the deterioration physically in +the unlearning; we all know our unfitness for parentage at the time we +entered it; every man knows how the brothels kept open doors and +beckoning inmates by the thousand for his undoing. And yet we endure +it—Comstockery.</p> + +<p>It is such a subtly pervasive thing, this Comstockery, it steals in +wherever it can and puts the taint of its own uncleanness on whatever it +touches. Clothing becomes a matter of Comstockery. We do not always see +it, but such is the fact. We do not wear clothing for convenience, but +to cover our nakedness. You see nakedness is obscene. Not in itself, but +only in man. You may take a naked dog on the street, but not a naked +human being. The summer previous to the last one was a very hot one in +New York, and a poor wretch of a boy of fourteen years of age, being on +the top floor of a crowded tenement was half crazed by the heat and the +lack of fresh air, of which there was absolutely none in the closet in +which he was trying to sleep. He ran down into the street nude at two +o'clock in the morning in the hope of finding a surcease of his +distress. A policeman saw him, remembered his blushing Comstockery in +time and haled the poor lad off to a cell. The next morning the +magistrate in tones of grimmest virtue sent the boy to the reformatory,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a>[<a href="images/041.png">39</a>]</span> +remarking with appropriate jest that the young scoundrel might have +seven years in which to learn to keep his clothes on.</p> + +<p>Theodore Roosevelt, who is at once the greatest President and the wisest +man of whom we have any record, tells us that we must breed more +children. But how shall our women bear more children, or presently bear +any, if they are to be continually made more and more unfit for +motherhood by the pitfalls into which their ignorance of the science of +life leads them? Because of the Comstockery which has its felt grip upon +our throats we may not instruct the little child in the way of health; +or if it be said that there is nothing to prevent the parent from +instructing the child, yet it must be insisted that the parent has no +means of knowing since Comstockery prescribes ignorance as the only way +to innocence; and innocent our girls must be at any cost. Besides, the +average mother, if she will but admit the truth, is ashamed to talk with +her daughter about Comstockery things. We all know that this is so. Our +parents treated us in such fashion, and we are so treating our children.</p> + +<p>The knowledge which each generation acquires at the cost of health, yes, +at the cost of life even, dies with it, for the most part. The one thing +we most need to know is how to live; the science of life begins with +sex, goes on with sex, ends with sex; but sex we may not discuss; thus +we go on in ignorance of life. Shall it remain so? Is Comstockery to be +our best expression of the most vital matter of existence? Life, sex, +should be and is when we recognize it, the purest, sweetest, simplest +subject of discussion; and we make of it a filthy jest. We will not tell +our sons the things we have learned through bitter experience, because +we cannot bear the shame of discussing sex subjects with them, because +of the accursed Comstockery that is within us; but we will go to the +club and the bar room, or anywhere behind locked doors in the select +company of our fellows, and there pour out the real essence of our +Comstockery in stories which make a filthy jest of sex. Every man knows +this is the truth. Perhaps<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a>[<a href="images/042.png">40</a>]</span> women, in their Comstockery, know it too. As +has been already said, treat digestion as sex is treated, and it will be +sniggered over behind locked doors in precisely the same way.</p> + +<p>Let us rid ourselves of the fatal, prurient restrictions on sex +discussion and in a marvellously short time we shall have a store of +sweet knowledge on the subject that will enable us to live well +ourselves and fit us to bring into the world such children as will amaze +us with their health of body and purity of mind. No alteration of the +facts of life is necessary, but only a change of attitude. Why, when +Trilby brought the bare foot into prominence, it was gravely debated +whether or not such an indecency should be permitted. It was assumed +that a naked foot was indecent. Why a foot more than a hand? Why any one +part of the body more than another? Comstockery! Comstockery!</p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/sep06.jpg" width='50' height='48' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="DON_QUIXOTE_AND_HAMLET" id="DON_QUIXOTE_AND_HAMLET"></a>DON QUIXOTE AND HAMLET</h2> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropi.jpg" alt="I" width="61" height="60" />N Peter Kropotkin's Book: "Russian Literature" (published by McClure, +Phillips & Company), there is a quotation from Turgenieff's works, which +shows the Russian poet's genius and psychological insight in all its +wonderful depth. Here it is:</p> + +<p>"Don Quixote is imbued with devotion towards his ideal, for which he is +ready to suffer all possible privations, to sacrifice his life; life +itself he values only so far as it can serve for the incarnation of the +ideal, for the promotion of truth, of justice on earth.... He lives for +his brothers, for opposing the forces hostile to mankind: the witches, +the giants—that is, the oppressors.... Therefore he is fearless, +patient; he is satisfied with the most modest food, the poorest cloth: +he has other things to think of. Humble in his heart, he is great and +daring in his mind.... And who is Hamlet? Analysis, first of all, and +egotism,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a>[<a href="images/043.png">41</a>]</span> and therefore no faith. He lives entirely for himself, he is +an egotist; but to believe in one' self—even an egotist cannot do that: +we can believe only in something which is outside us and above us.... As +he has doubts of everything, Hamlet evidently does not spare himself; +his intellect is too developed to remain satisfied with what he finds in +himself; he feels his weakness, but each self-consciousness is a force +where-from results his irony, the opposite of the enthusiasm of Don +Quixote.... Don Quixote, a poor man, almost a beggar, without means and +relations, old, isolated—undertakes to redress all the evils and to +protect oppressed strangers over the whole world. What does it matter to +him that his first attempt at freeing the innocent from his oppressor +falls twice as heavy upon the head of the innocent himself?... What does +it matter that, thinking that he has to deal with noxious giants, Don +Quixote attacks useful windmills?... Nothing of the sort can ever happen +with Hamlet: how could he, with his perspicacious, refined, sceptical +mind, ever commit such a mistake! No, he will not fight with windmills, +he does not believe in giants ... but he would not have attacked them +even if they did exist.... And he does not believe in evil. Evil and +deceit are his inveterate enemies. His scepticism is not +indifferentism.... But in negation, as in fire, there is a destructive +power, and how to keep it in bounds, how to tell it where to stop, when +that which it must destroy, and that which it must spare are often +inseparably welded together? Here it is that the often-noticed tragical +aspect of human life comes in: for action we require will, and for +action we require thought; but thought and will have parted from each +other, and separate every day more and more....</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<div>"And thus the native hue of resolution</div> +<div>Is sickled o'er by the pale cast of thought...."</div> +</div></div> + +<div class="center tbrk"><img src="images/sep07.jpg" width='200' height='57' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a>[<a href="images/044.png">42</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="ON_THE_BANKS_OF_ACHERON" id="ON_THE_BANKS_OF_ACHERON"></a>ON THE BANKS OF ACHERON</h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">Edwin Bjorkman</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropt.jpg" alt="T" width="59" height="54" />HE air was still and full of a gray melancholy light, yet the waters of +the river boiled angrily as if touched by a raging tempest. The billows +rose foaming above its surface, all white with the whiteness of fear. +When they sank back again, they were black—black as despair that knows +of no hope.</p> + +<p>Steep hills mounted abruptly on either side of the river until they +touched the sullen, colorless cloud-banks overhead. Their sides were +seamed with numberless paths, running on narrow ledges, one above the +other, from the river's edge to the crest of the hill. Men were moving +along those paths: they swarmed like ants across the hillside, but I +could not see whence they were coming nor whither they were going. All +were pushing and jostling and scratching and howling and fighting. Every +one's object seemed to be to raise himself to the path above his own and +to prevent all others from doing the same.</p> + +<p>Down at the water's edge, they moved in a solid mass, arms pinned down, +shoulder to shoulder and chest to back. At times a man got an arm out of +the press and began to claw the up-turned, tear-stained faces of his +neighbors in wild endeavors to lift his whole body. But soon his madness +subsided, the writhing arm sank back, and the man vanished out of sight. +The mass once more moved stolidly, solidly onward. Once in a great while +its surface of heads would begin to boil like the waters of the river +near by, and a man would be spouted into the air, landing on one of the +paths above. Then each face would be turned toward him for a breathless +moment, at the end of which the mass glided slowly onward as before.</p> + +<p>The crush on the paths higher up on the hillside was not so great, but +the fighting of man against man was incessant and bitter. I could see +them clambering up the steep sides of the ledges, with bleeding nails, +distorted features and locked teeth. Waving arms and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a>[<a href="images/045.png">43</a>]</span> clutching fingers +pursued them from below; ironshod heels trampled them from above. +Ninety-nine out of the hundred ended their struggles with a fall, and in +their rapid descent they swept others with them. But rising or falling, +they all pushed onward, onward—from nowhere to nowhere, as it seemed to +me. I watched them for hours, for days, for years—always the same +wandering, the same scrambling, the same tumbling, without apparent +purpose or result. Then my blood rose hotly to my heart and head. A +scarlet mist floated before my eyes and my soul swelled within me almost +unto bursting.</p> + +<p>"Why?" I cried, and the word rolled back and forth between the hillsides +until its last echo was swallowed by the murmur that hovered over the +wrathful river. The strugglers on the hillside paths, each and all, +turned toward me. On every face I read astonishment.</p> + +<p>"Why?" I yelled at them again, and the sound of my voice lingered above +the waters like a distant thunder. Gradually the expression on all those +staring faces changed from wonder to scorn. A man on one of the paths +near the crest of the hill laughed aloud. Two more joined him. It became +contagious and spread like wildfire. All those millions were laughing +into my face, laughing like demons rather than men.</p> + +<p>My frown only increased the mirth of that grinning multitude. I shook my +clenched, up-stretched fists against them. And when at last their +ghastly merriment ceased, I raised my voice once more in defiance.</p> + +<p>"Why?"</p> + +<p>As when on a bleak winter day the black snow clouds suddenly begin to +darken the sky, so hatred and rage spread over their faces. Crooked, +bony fingers were pointed at me. Men leaned recklessly from their narrow +ledges to shout abuse at me. Stones and mud were flung at me. A hundred +arms seized me and tossed my body in a wide curve from the hillside out +over the river. For one long minute I struggled to keep myself above the +yawning waters. Then I sank. All grew dark about me. A strange fullness +in my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a>[<a href="images/046.png">44</a>]</span> chest seemed to rise up toward my head. There was a last moment +of consciousness in which I heard a single word uttered by a ringing, +bell-like voice that came from within myself. That last word was:</p> + +<p>"Why?"</p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/sep08.jpg" width='60' height='33' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="The_British_Elections_and_the_Labor_Parties" id="The_British_Elections_and_the_Labor_Parties"></a>The British Elections and the Labor Parties</h2> + +<h3>By <span class="smcap">H. Kelly</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropw.jpg" alt="T" width="81" height="60" />E are a left-center country; we live by compromise."</p> + +<p>The above statement was made by an aged member of Parliament to +Kropotkin some years ago, and the present elections testify strongly to +the truth of that remark. For a country which produced the father of +political economy, Adam Smith—for Scotland is included in our +generalization—Robert Owen, the father of libertarian Socialism, which +in the forties stood almost at the head of the Socialist movement in +Europe, which has been the scene of so many Socialist and workingmen's +congresses and has furnished a refuge for so many distinguished exiles, +it is passing strange, to say the least, that up to the present no one +has been elected to Parliament on a purely Socialist platform; this +notwithstanding that, in the elections just past, of forty-three labor +members elected nineteen are members of the Independent Labor Party and +one of the Social Democratic Federation. John Burns was elected to +Parliament just after the great Dock Strike on his trade-union record +and has been elected regularly ever since, although he has long since +ceased to be a Socialist. Keir Hardie was elected for West Ham as a +Radical, and when he stood for re-election as a Socialist was defeated. +In 1900 he was elected again as member for Merthyr Tydfill, a radical +mining district in Wales, on a trade union-Socialist platform, and +undoubtedly received a large number of votes on the ground of having +been a miner once himself. R. B.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a>[<a href="images/047.png">45</a>]</span> Cunningham-Graham, probably the ablest +Socialist who has yet sat in the British Parliament, was elected as a +Radical, announcing himself a Socialist some time after his election.</p> + +<p>The British workman, true to his traditions, has consistently demanded +compromise before electing anyone, and where that has been refused, the +candidates have gone down to defeat. Hyndman, founder of the Social +Democratic Federation and the ablest Socialist in public life; Quelch, +editor of "Justice," the official organ of that party, for more than a +decade, and Geo. Lansbury, one of their oldest, ablest and most +respected members, refused to compromise in the recent election, and +paid the inevitable penalty. Hyndman's case was really remarkable, he is +a man of exceptional ability, has devoted himself for twenty-five years +to the Socialist and labor movement, was endorsed by all the labor +bodies of Burnley, and Mr. Phillip Stanhope, recently created a lord and +one of the ablest Liberal politicians in the country, did him the honor +of declining to stand against him. Still he was defeated—while +politicians of an inferior stamp like John Burns, Keir Hardie, J. R. +MacDonald and two score of others were triumphantly elected on a labor +platform. Therein lies the secret, they were elected on a "Labor +Platform!" Eight-hour day, trade-union rate of wages, better factory +legislation, secular education, annual sessions of Parliament, paid +members, one man, one vote, etc. All excellent things in themselves, but +not Socialism and in no way disputing the right of one man to exploit +another and leaving untouched the basic principle of Socialism, real +Socialism, the right of labor to the fruits of its toil.</p> + +<p>Under conditions such as those described, is it to be wondered at that +many Anarchists are frankly cynical as to the benefits labor will derive +from the labor parties? There will be at least two, that have suddenly +forced the gilded doors of the "Mother of Parliaments" and about which +the guilty middle class grew nervous. We know that men like T. Burt, H. +Broadhurst, W. Abraham, F. Madison and a score of others are but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a>[<a href="images/048.png">46</a>]</span> +nominal labor men not having worked at their various trades for years +and are middle class by training and income, that others like Keir +Hardie, J. R. MacDonald, John Ward and many more are at best labor +politicians so steeped in political bargaining and compromising that the +net results to labor from them will be very small indeed. It is not +necessary nor would it be just to question the honesty or well-meaning +of many of the forty-three labor members, to prove that a distinct +disappointment awaits those who elected them. Past history foretells the +future clearly enough. We have seen John Burns, hero of the Dock Strike, +who entered Parliament as a Revolutionary Socialist, becoming in a few +short years as docile as a lamb to those above him in power and as +autocratic as a Russian provincial governor to those who needed his +assistance, finally enter a Liberal Cabinet with the "hero of +Featherstone," H. H. Asquith, by whose orders striking miners were shot +down in real American fashion, Sir Edward Grey, and other Jingo +Imperialists—and the end is not yet. There are our other friends (?). +H. Broadhurst, special favorite of the King; W. Abraham, ex-coal miner, +who so endeared himself to the coal operators of Wales in his capacity +as official of the Miners' Union and Scale Committee that when his +daughter was married several years ago she received a cheque for £100 +from one of the aforesaid operators, and others whom space forbids +mentioning. Such is the material of which the labor parties now in the +House of Commons is formed, and it requires a violent stretch of +imagination to see any real, lasting benefit can accrue from the +forty-three men now sitting there as representatives of the oppressed +masses. An inability to see this, however, by no means implies a lack of +inherent good in the formation of the Labor Representation Committee and +the Miners' Federation, their fraternization with the Socialists and the +forces which impelled that organization and fraternization. It is the +agitation which preceded it, and we hope will continue, and the growing +desire on the part of the workers for a larger share of the product of +their toil and a part in the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a>[<a href="images/049.png">47</a>]</span>management of industry that we see hope. +The form that movement has taken or the beneficial results from the +efforts of the elected are details. It is scarcely five years since the +Labor Representation Committee sprang into existence, and it says much +for the solidarity of labor that over a million trade unionists, +thirteen thousand members of the Independent Labor Party and eight +hundred Fabians could be got together on a political program in so short +a time.</p> + +<p>For good or ill the British workingman has gone in for political action +and will have a try at that before he listens to the Anarchists. Slow of +thought and used to compromise, he is a stern taskmaker and will exact a +rigid account of the stewardship entrusted to those who sought his +suffrage. When the disillusionment comes, as it surely will, real +progress may come. The process of disillusionment does not come with +geometrical precision. To some it comes over night, to others it is a +process of years, and to some it is denied altogether. For years the +Anarchists have been scoffed at as impossible dreamers for advocating +the General Strike as the only effective means of overthrowing the +present system. The glorious fight of the Russian people for freedom has +changed all this, and we find even Bebel threatening the German +Government with a general strike if they attempt to withdraw the +franchise; and Hyndman, who opposed it for years, has finally admitted +its effectiveness. The effect has been felt in Great Britain in the +shape of the unemployed agitations and demonstrations, and although +temporarily allayed by the elections, it will blossom forth again.</p> + +<p>If the advent of the Liberal party to power, backed by the Home Rule and +Labor parties, causes an undoing of the harm of the Balfour-Chamberlain +government, it will be more than can reasonably be expected. The trade +unions can never be restored to quite the same legal immunity they had +previously. The forty thousand Chinese imported into South Africa to +take the places of white miners will remain even if no more are brought +in. The Education Act, passed with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a>[<a href="images/050.png">48</a>]</span> assistance of the Irish +Archbishops and attacking secular education, will be amended and not +repealed. The endowment of the brewers will continue, and my Lords Bass, +Burton and the rest will merely await future opportunities to plunder +the British public. In short, little constructive legislation, even of +that mild and tentative character one might expect from a Liberal party, +made up of capitalistic units can be expected after the ten years of +corrupt and extravagant rule of this band of modern pirates.</p> + +<p>They who advocate the complete reconstruction of society are under no +illusions as to the time and trouble required to overcome the +superstitions of the past. Being imbued, however, with the belief in +what Christians call "the eternal righteousness of their cause," they +meet the future with smiling face; and far from being downcast over the +turn of events in Great Britain, see hope in the formation of the Labor +Parties.</p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/sep09.jpg" width='65' height='80' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="AND_YOU" id="AND_YOU"></a>AND YOU?</h2> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Bolton Hall</span></h3> + +<p>"What would you do," asked the Idealist, "if you were Czar of Russia?"</p> + +<p>"I would first abolish monopoly of land, for that is fundamental," said +the Reformer, "and then resign. What would you do?"</p> + +<p>"I would first resign, and then teach the people to abolish monopoly of +land, the same as now," answered the Idealist. "But what would you do, +Teacher?"</p> + +<p class="tbrk">"I would teach the people from the throne that they were oppressed by +their system of monopoly—and by their Czar."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a>[<a href="images/051.png">49</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="NATIONAL_ATAVISM" id="NATIONAL_ATAVISM"></a>NATIONAL ATAVISM</h2> + +<h3><span class="smcap">By Internationalist</span></h3> + +<p class="drop"><img src="images/dropt.jpg" alt="T" width="59" height="54" />HE Jewish circles in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and other cities of +America are aroused over the visit of a spectre called Nationalism, +alias Territorialism. Like all spectres, it is doing a lot of mischief +and causing much confusion in the heads of the Jewish population.</p> + +<p>The spirit of our ancestor, Abraham, has come to life again. Like +Abraham, when Jehovah commanded him to go in quest of the promised land, +the Jewish Nationalists make themselves and others believe that they +long for the moment, when with wife and child and all possessions, they +will migrate to that spot on earth, which will represent the Jewish +State, where Jewish traits will have a chance to develop in idyllic +peace.</p> + +<p>Natural science calls retrogression of species, which shows signs of a +former state already overcome, atavism. The same term may be applied to +the advanced section of the Jewish population, which has listened to the +call of the Nationalists. They have retrogressed from a universal view +of things to a philosophy fenced in by boundary lines; from the glorious +conception that "the world is my country" to the conception of +exclusiveness. They have abridged their wide vision and have made it +narrow and superficial.</p> + +<p>The Zionism of Max Nordau and his followers never was more than a +sentimental sport for the well-to-do in the ranks of the Jews. The +latter-day Nationalists, however, are bent on reaching those circles of +the Jewish race that have so far followed the banner of Internationalism +and Revolution; and this at a moment when revolutionists of all +nationalities and races are most in need of unity and solidarity. +Nothing could be more injurious to the Russian revolution, nothing prove +a lack of confidence in its success, so much as the present +nationalistic agitation.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a>[<a href="images/052.png">50</a>]</span></p><p>The most encouraging and glorious feature of revolutions is that they +purify the atmosphere from the thick, poisonous vapors of prejudices and +superstition.</p> + +<p>From time immemorial revolutions have been the only hope and refuge of +all the oppressed from national and social yokes. The radical +nationalistic elements seem to have forgotten that all their enthusiasm, +their faith and hope in the power of a great social change, now falters +before the question: Will it give us our own territory where we can +surround ourselves with walls and watch-towers? Yes, the very people, +who once spoke with a divine fire of the beauty of the solidarity of all +individuals and all peoples, now indulge in the shallow phrases that the +Jew is powerless, that he is nowhere at home, and that he owns no place +on earth, where he can do justice to his nature, and that he must first +obtain national rights, like all nations, ere he can go further.</p> + +<p>These lamentations contain more fiction than truth, more sentimentality +than logic.</p> + +<p>The Poles have their own territory; still this fact does not hinder +Russia from brutalizing Poland or from flogging and killing her +children; neither does it hinder the Prussian government from +maltreating her Polish subjects and forcibly obliterating the Polish +language. And of what avail is native territory to the small nations of +the Balkans, with Russian, Turkish and Austrian influences keeping them +in a helpless and dependent condition. Various raids and expeditions by +the powerful neighboring states forced on them, have proven what little +protection their territorial independence has given them against brutal +coercion. The independent existence of small peoples has ever served +powerful states as a pretext for venomous attacks, pillage and attempts +at annexation. Nothing is left them but to bow before the superior +powers, or to be ever prepared for bitter wars that might, in a measure, +temporarily loosen the tyrannical hold, but never end in a complete +overthrow of the powerful enemy.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a>[<a href="images/053.png">51</a>]</span></p><p>Switzerland is often cited as an example of a united nation which is +able to maintain itself in peace and neutrality. It might be advisable +to consider what circumstances have made this possible.</p> + +<p>It is an indisputable fact that Switzerland acts as the executive agent +of European powers, who consider her a foreign detective bureau which +watches over, annoys and persecutes refugees and the dissatisfied +elements.</p> + +<p>Italian, Russian and German spies look upon Switzerland as a hunting +ground, and the Swiss police are never so happy, as when they can render +constable service to the governments of surrounding states. It is +nothing unusual for the Swiss police to carry out the order of Germany +or Italy to arrest political refugees and forcibly take them across the +frontier, where they are given over into the hands of the German or +Italian gendarmes. A very enticing national independence, is it not?</p> + +<p>Is it possible that former revolutionists and enthusiastic fighters for +freedom, who are now in the nationalistic field, should long for similar +conditions? Those who refuse to be carried away by nationalistic phrases +and who would rather follow the broad path of Internationalism, are +accused of indifference to and lack of sympathy with the sufferings of +the Jewish race. Rather is it far more likely that those who stand for +the establishment of a Jewish nation show a serious lack of judgment.</p> + +<p>Especially the radicals among the Nationalists seem to be altogether +lost in the thicket of phrases. They are ashamed of the label +"nationalist" because it stands for so much retrogression, for so many +memories of hatred, of savage wars and wild persecutions, that it is +difficult for one who claims to be advanced and modern to adorn himself +with the name. And who does not wish to appear advanced and modern? +Therefore the name of Nationalist is rejected, and the name of +territorialist taken instead, as if that were not the same thing. True, +the territorialists will have nothing to do with an organized Jewish +state; they aim for a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a>[<a href="images/054.png">52</a>]</span> free commune. But, if it is certain that small +states are subordinated to great powers and merely endured by them, it +is still more certain that free communes within powerful states, built +on coercion and land robbery, have even less chance for a free +existence. Such cuckoos' eggs the ruling powers will not have in their +nests. A community, in which exploitation and slavery do not reign, +would have the same effect on these powers, as a red rag to a bull. It +would stand an everlasting reproach, a nagging accusation, which would +have to be destroyed as quickly as possible. Or is the national glory of +the Jews to begin after the social revolution?</p> + +<p>If we are to throw into the dust heap our hope that humanity will some +day reach a height from which difference of nationality and ancestry +will appear but an insignificant speck on earth, well and good! Then let +us be patriots and continue to nurse national characteristics; but we +ought, at least, not to clothe ourselves in the mantel of Faust, in our +pretentious sweep through space. We ought at least declare openly that +the life of all peoples is never to be anything else but an outrageous +mixture of stupid patriotism, national vanities, everlasting antagonism, +and a ravenous greed for wealth and supremacy.</p> + +<p>Might it not be advisable to consider how the idea of a national unity +of the Jews can live in the face of the deep social abysses that exist +between the various ranks within the Jewish race?</p> + +<p>It is not at all a mere accident that the Bund, the strongest +organization of the Jewish proletariat, will have nothing to do with the +nationalistic agitation. The social and economic motives for concerted +action or separation are of far more vital influence than the national.</p> + +<p>The feeling of solidarity of the working-people is bound to prove +stronger than the nationalistic glue. As to the remainder of the +adherents of the nationalistic movement, they are recruited from the +ranks of the middle Jewish class.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a>[<a href="images/055.png">53</a>]</span></p><p>The Jewish banker, for instance, feels much more drawn to the Christian +or Mohammedan banker than to his Jewish factory worker, or tenement +house dweller. Equally so will the Jewish workingman, conscious of the +revolutionizing effect of the daily struggle between labor and money +power, find his brother in a fellow worker, and not in a Jewish banker.</p> + +<p>True, the Jewish worker suffers twofold: he is exploited, oppressed and +robbed as one of suffering humanity, and despised, hated, trampled upon, +because he is a Jew; but he would look in vain toward the wealthy Jews +for his friends and saviors. The latter have just as great an interest +in the maintenance of a system that stands for wage slavery, social +subordination, and the economic dependence of the great mass of mankind, +as the Christian employer and owner of wealth.</p> + +<p>The Jewish population of the East Side has little in common with the +dweller of a Fifth Avenue mansion. He has much more in common with the +workingmen of other nationalities of the country—he has sorrows, +struggles, indignation and longings for freedom in common with them. His +hope is the social reconstruction of society and not nationalistic scene +shifting. His conditions can be ameliorated only through a union with +his fellow sufferers, through human brotherhood, and not by means of +separation and barriers. In his struggles against humiliating demands, +inhuman treatment, economic pressure, he can depend on help from his +non-Jewish comrades, and not on the assistance of Jewish manufacturers +and speculators. How then can he be expected to co-operate with them in +the building of a Jewish commonwealth?</p> + +<p>Certain it is that the battle which is to bring liberty, peace and +well-being to humanity is of a mental, social, economic nature and not +of a nationalistic one. The former brightens and widens the horizon, the +latter stupefies the reasoning faculties, cripples and stifles the +emotions, and sows hatred and strife instead of love and tenderness in +the human soul. All that is big and beautiful in the world has been +created by thinkers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a>[<a href="images/056.png">54</a>]</span> and artists, whose vision was far beyond the +Lilliputian sphere of Nationalism. Only that which contains the life's +pulse of mankind expands and liberates. That is why every attempt to +establish a national art, a patriotic literature, a life's philosophy +with the seal of the government attached thereto is bound to fall flat +and to be insignificant.</p> + +<p>It were well and wholesome if all works dealing with national glory and +victory, with national courage and patriotic songs could be used for +bonfires. In their place we could have the poems of Shelley and Whitman, +essays of Emerson or Thoreau, the Book of the Bees, by Maeterlink, the +music of Wagner, Beethoven and Tschaikovsky, the wonderful art of +Eleanore Duse.</p> + +<p>I can deeply sympathize with the dread of massacres and persecutions of +the Jewish people; and I consider it just and fair that they should +strain every effort to put a stop to such atrocities as have been +witnessed by the civilized world within a few years. But it must be +borne in mind that it is the Russian government, the Russian reactionary +party, including the Russian Church, and not the Russian people, that +are responsible for the slaughter of the Jews.</p> + +<p>Jewish Socialists and Anarchists, however, who have joined the ranks of +the Nationalists and who have forgotten to emphasize the fundamental +distinction between the people of Russia and the reactionary forces of +that country, who have fought and are still fighting so bravely for +their freedom and for the liberation of all who are oppressed, deserve +severe censure. They have thrown the responsibility of the massacres +upon the Russian people and have even blamed the Revolutionists for +them, whereas it is an undisputed fact that the agitation against the +Jews has been inaugurated and paid for by the ruling clique, in the hope +that the hatred and discontent of the Russian people would turn from +them, the real criminals, to the Jews. It is said, "we have no rights in +Russia, we are being robbed, hounded, killed, let the Russian people +take care of themselves, we will turn our backs on them."</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a>[<a href="images/057.png">55</a>]</span></p><p>Would it not show deeper insight into the condition of affairs if my +Jewish brethren were to say, "Our people are being abused, insulted, +ill-treated and killed by the hirelings of Russian despotism. Let us +strengthen our union with the Intellectuals, the peasants, the +rebellious elements of the people for the overthrow of the abominable +tyranny; and when we have accomplished that let us co-operate in the +great work of building a social structure upon which neither the nation +nor the race but Humanity can live and grow in beauty."</p> + +<p>Prejudices are never overcome by one who shows himself equally narrow +and bigoted. To confront one brutal outbreak of national sentiment with +the demand for another form of national sentiment means only to lay the +foundation for a new persecution that is bound to come sooner or later. +Were the retrogressive ideas of the Jewish Nationalists ever to +materialize, the world would witness, after a few years, that one Jew is +being persecuted by another.</p> + +<p>In one respect the Jews are really a "chosen people." Not chosen by the +grace of God, nor by their national peculiarities, which with every +people, as well as with the Jews, merely prove national narrowness. They +are "chosen" by a necessity, which has relieved them of many prejudices, +a necessity which has prevented the development of many of those +stupidities which have caused other nations great efforts to overcome. +Repeated persecution has put the stamp of sorrow on the Jews; they have +grown big in their endurance, in their comprehension of human suffering, +and in their sympathy with the struggles and longings of the human soul.</p> + +<p>Driven from country to country, they avenged themselves by producing +great thinkers, able theoreticians, heroic leaders of progress. All +governments lament the fact that the Jewish people have contributed the +bravest fighters to the armies for every liberating war of mankind.</p> + +<p>Owing to the lack of a country of their own, they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a>[<a href="images/058.png">56</a>]</span> developed, +crystallized and idealized their cosmopolitan reasoning faculty. True, +they have not their own empire, but many of them are working for the +great moment when the earth will become the home for all, without +distinction of ancestry or race. That is certainly a greater, nobler and +sounder ideal to strive for than a petty nationality.</p> + +<p>It is this ideal that is daily attracting larger numbers of Jews, as +well as Gentiles; and all attempts to hinder the realization thereof, +like the present nationalistic movement, will be swept away by the storm +that precedes the birth of the new era—mankind clasped in universal +brotherhood.</p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/sep04.jpg" width='50' height='39' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="Mine_Owners_Revenge" id="Mine_Owners_Revenge"></a>Mine Owners' Revenge</h2> + +<h3><span class="smcap">By M. B.</span></h3> + +<p><b>Charles H. Moyer</b>, President of the Western Federation of Miners, William +D. Haywood, Secretary of that organization, and G. A. Pettibone, former +member of the same, were arrested in Denver, February 17th.</p> + +<p>They are accused of having participated in the murder of the ex-Governor +of Idaho, Mr. Steunenberg. Various other arrests have taken place in +Cripple Creek and Haines, Oregon.</p> + +<p>The events during and after the arrest leave no doubt that the +authorities of Colorado and Idaho are in the most beautiful accord in +their attempt to kill the Miners' Union. This accord and harmony is so +apparent that thoughtful citizens cannot fail to see that the +governments of Colorado and Idaho are aiding in the conspiracy of the +mine owners against the miners.</p> + +<p>Requisition papers and a special train seem to have been prepared in +advance, for immediately after the arrest they were expelled and taken +to Boise City, Idaho, and within a few moments the whole matter was +settled by the authorities of Colorado, not even pretending to show the +slightest fairness. Nor did they display the least desire to investigate +the grounds<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a>[<a href="images/059.png">57</a>]</span> upon which requisition papers were granted. This process +usually takes several days. In the case of Moyer, Haywood and Pettibone +a few moments sufficed to close the whole proceedings.</p> + +<p>Since the papers were issued before the arrest, it is not at all +unlikely that the death sentence has already been decided upon. +Optimists in the labor movement maintain that a repetition of the legal +murder of 1887, that has caused shame and horror even in the ranks of +the upper ten thousand, is impossible—that the authorities would shrink +from such an outrage, such an awful crime. That which has happened in +Colorado and Idaho warrants no such hope.</p> + +<p>The evidence against the leaders of the Western Federation of Miners +consists largely of one individual, who is supposed to have known and +witnessed everything. The gentleman seems to fairly long for the moment +when he can take the witness stand and furnish the material that the +District Attorney needs to prove the guilt of the accused. An expert +perjurer, it seems.</p> + +<p>The Governor of Idaho, Mr. Gooding, has already given him a good +character. The man acknowledged his firm belief in the existence of a +Supreme Being, which touched the governor's heart deeply. Does he not +know that it has ever been the mission of the Supreme Being to serve as +Impresario to Falsehood and Wretchedness?</p> + +<p class="tbrk">The accusation against the three prisoners is the best affidavit of the +miner magnates of the courageous stand of the Western Federation of +Miners during the reign of terror of the money powers. For years +everything was done to disrupt them, but without results. The latest +outrage is a renewed and desperate attack on that labor organization. +Are the working people of America going to look on coolly at a +repetition of the Black Friday in Chicago? Perhaps there will also be a +labor leader, á la Powderly, who will be willing to carry faggots to the +stake? Or are they going to awaken from their lethargy, ere America +becomes thoroughly Russified?</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a>[<a href="images/060.png">58</a>]</span></p> + +<h2><a name="INTERNATIONAL_REVIEW" id="INTERNATIONAL_REVIEW"></a>INTERNATIONAL REVIEW</h2> + +<p><b>A painting</b> from the "good old times" represents two peasants wrangling +about a cow. One holds on to the horns of the animal, the other tightly +clutches its tail, a third figure is in a crouched position underneath. +It is the lawyer milking the cow, while the other two are quarreling. +Here we have the beauty of the representative system. While groups are +bargaining about their rights, their official advisers and lawmakers are +skimming the cream off the milk. Not justice, but social injustice is +the incentive of these worthy gentlemen.</p> + +<p>Human justice, and legal representation thereof, are two different +things. One who seeks for a representation places his rights in the +hands of another. He does not struggle for them himself, he must wait +for a decision thereupon from such quarters as are never inspired by +love for justice, but by personal gain and profit.</p> + +<p>The working people are beginning to recognize this. It is also beginning +to dawn upon them that they will have to be their own liberators. They +have the power to refuse their material support to a society that +degrades them into a state of slavery. This power was already recognized +in 1789, when, at the French National Convention, Mirabeau thundered: +"Look out! Do not enrage the common people, who produce everything, who +only need to fold their arms to terrify you!"</p> + +<p>The General Strike is still at the beginning of its activity. It has +gone through the fire in Russia. In Spain and Italy it has helped to +demolish the belief in the sovereignity of Property and the State.</p> + +<p>Altogether the General Strike idea, though relatively young, has made a +deeper impression on friend and foe than several million votes of the +working people could have achieved. Indeed, it is no joke for the +pillars of society. What, if the workers, conscious of their economic +power, cease to store up great wealth in the warehouses of the +privileged? It was not difficult to get along with the would-be labor +leaders in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a>[<a href="images/061.png">59</a>]</span> the legislative bodies, these worthy ones, experienced +through the practice of manufacturing laws to maintain law and disorder, +rapidly develop into good supporters of the existing conditions.</p> + +<p>Now, however, the workingmen have entered upon the battlefield +themselves, refusing their labor, which has always been the foundation +of the golden existence of the haute volée. They demand the possibility +to so organize production and distribution as to make it impossible for +the minority to accumulate outrageous wealth, and to guarantee to each +economic well-being.</p> + +<p>The expropriateurs are in danger of expropriation. Capitalism has +expropriated the human race, the General Strike aims to expropriate +capitalism.</p> + +<p>A new and invigorating breath of life is also felt in this country, +through the formation of the "Industrial Workers of the World." It +awakens the hope of a transformation of the present trade-union methods. +In their present form they serve the money powers more than the working +class.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Robert Koch</b>, the world-renowned scientist, who was awarded the Nobel +prize in recognition of his work in the direction of exterminating +tuberculosis, delivered a lecture at Stockholm at the time of receiving +the mark of distinction. In the course of his speech he said: "We may +not conceal the fact, that the struggle against tuberculosis requires +considerable sums of money. It is really only a question of money. The +greater the number of free places for consumptives in well-equipped and +well-conducted hospitals, the better the families of these are +supported, so that the sick are not prevented from going to these +hospitals on account of the care of their relations; and the oftener +such places are established, the more rapidly tuberculosis will cease to +be a common disease."</p> + +<p>Where are the governments which are supposed to serve as benefactors of +suffering mankind? They have milliards at their disposal, but use most +of it for the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a>[<a href="images/062.png">60</a>]</span> maintenance of armies, bureaucracies, police forces. With +these vast sums, which they extort from the people, they increase +instead of diminish suffering.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>On the 27th of January</b> it was 150 years since Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart +was born. A grandmaster of music, a magician who leads the soul from the +depths of life to its sunary heights. Mozart transposed life into music, +Wagner and his pupils transposed problems of life. Wagner questions and +receives no answer. Mozart affirms life. His "Don Juan" liberates, +"Tannhäuser" leads into the labyrinth of bothersome renunciation.</p> + +<p>The study of Mozart's biography may be recommended to those who believe +that the artistic individuality has freer scope to-day than it would +have with communism. Mozart was always forced to look about for patrons +of his art, for he lacked the means to put his works before the public.</p> + +<p>A biographer says of him: "Mozart's life makes us feel the tragedy of an +artist's life most painfully. In his youth he was fondled and idealized +as a wonder child, but his circumstances deteriorated as he matured in +his art and the more accomplished the works of his fantasy grew. When he +died he left a wife and children behind in great poverty. There was not +enough money on hand to bury him. The corpse was placed in the potters' +field. When his wife, who had been sick at the time of the burial, +wanted to look up the grave, it could not be exactly designated." The +genius of the artist, however, permeates the world on waves of light.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>The Czar knows</b> his mission. He addressed a deputation of peasants from +the Province of Kursk thus:</p> + +<p>"My brothers, I am most glad to see you. You must know very well that +every right of property is sacred to the State. The owner has the same +right to his land as you peasants have to yours. Communicate this to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a>[<a href="images/063.png">61</a>]</span> +your fellows in the villages. In my solicitude for the country I do not +forget the peasants, whose needs are dear to me, and I will look after +them continually as did my late father. The National Assembly will soon +assemble and in co-operation with me discuss the best measures for your +relief. Have confidence in me, I will assist you. But I repeat, remember +always that right of property is holy and inviolable."</p> + +<p>The commentaries to this fatherly address are furnished by the czaristic +Cossacks who hasten to the peasants' aid with the knout, sword and +incendiarism.</p> + +<div class="center"><img src="images/sep01.jpg" width='70' height='50' alt="Decorative separator" /></div> + +<h2><a name="LITERARY_NOTES" id="LITERARY_NOTES"></a>LITERARY NOTES</h2> + +<h3>"Letters of Henrik Ibsen," published by Fox Duffield & Co., New +York. Price, $2.50.</h3> + +<p>These letters do not belong among those of great men which prove to be +disappointments. In reading them one is not inclined to ask as of +Schopenhauer's letters, why a philosophic genius of such depth should be +laden with thousands of philistine trivialities.</p> + +<p>Ibsen reaches far beyond his surroundings in his letters. What he writes +is a continual protest against shallowness and mediocrity. The misery of +petty state affairs, of patriotism with a board on the forehead bothered +him greatly. This is shown on every page. Whatever he expresses, he +always aims at expanding the horizon; as he himself once remarked: the +revolutionizing of brains. His sentiments are European, and he must +often hear that even the wish for combining the Scandinavian countries +borders on treason. Thus he becomes a "solitary soul." He has even +nothing in common with the radicals; he not only hates the state, the +enemy of individuality, but he is averse to all attempts which aim at +the drilling of the masses. He loves Björnson as a poet, but he wants to +have nothing to do with him as a politician. In a letter to Brandes he +writes:</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a>[<a href="images/064.png">62</a>]</span></p><p>"Björnson says: 'The majority is always right.' And as a practical +politician he is bound, I suppose, to say so. I, on the contrary, must +of necessity say: 'The minority is always right.' Naturally, I am not +thinking of that minority of stagnationists who are left behind by the +great middle party, but I mean that minority which leads the van, and +urges on to points which the majority has not yet reached. I mean that +man is right who has allied himself most closely with the future."</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>"Under the Wheel"</b> is the title of a German story by Hermann Hesse, in +which he severely criticizes the incompetency of the present school +system to fully develop the youth. The characterization of the teachers' +profession as Hesse puts it, does not only serve for Germany, but for +all modern states in which governments strive to train the young for the +purpose of making patient subjects and hurrah-screaming patriots of +them. The author says with fine irony of the teacher: "It is his duty +and vocation, entrusted to him by the state, to hinder and exterminate +the rough forces and passions of nature in the young people and to put +in place of them quiet moderation and ideals recognized by the state. +Many a one who at present is a contented citizen or an ambitious +official, would have become without these endeavors of the school an +unmanageable innovator or a hopeless dreamer. There was something in +him, something wild, lawless, which first had to be broken, a flame +which had to be extinguished. The school must break and forcibly +restrict the natural being; it is its duty to make a useful member of +society out of him, according to principles approved by the state's +authority. The wonderful work is crowned with the careful training in +the barracks."</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p>We regret that several of the contributions, while having merits, were +not of the form to be used for a magazine.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a>[<a href="images/065.png">63</a>]</span></p> + +<h1>Benj. R. Tucker</h1> + +<h1>Publisher and Bookseller</h1> + +<h3>has opened a Book Store at</h3> + +<h2>225 Fourth Ave., Room 13, New York City</h2> + +<p>Here will be carried, ultimately, the most complete line of advanced +literature to be found anywhere in the world. More than one thousand +titles in the English language already in stock. A still larger stock, +in foreign languages, will be put in gradually. A full catalogue will be +ready soon of the greatest interest to all those in search of the +literature.</p> + +<blockquote><p><b>Which, in morals, leads away from superstition,<br /> + Which, in politics, leads away from government, and<br /> + Which, in art, leads away from Tradition.</b></p></blockquote> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h1>LIBERTY</h1> + +<h3>BENJ. R. TUCKER, Editor</h3> + +<p>An Anarchistic journal, expounding the doctrine that in Equal Liberty is +to be found the most satisfactory solution of social questions, and that +majority rule, or democracy, equally with monarchical rule, is a denial +of Equal Liberty.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h4>APPRECIATIONS</h4> + +<blockquote><p>G. BERNARD SHAW, author of "Man and Superman": "Liberty is a lively +paper, in which the usual proportions of a half-pennyworth of +discussion to an intolerable deal of balderdash are reversed."</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote><p>WILLIAM DOUGLAS O'CONNOR, author of "The Good Gray Poet": "The +editor of Liberty would be the Gavroche of the Revolution, If he +were not its Enjolras."</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote><p>FRANK STEPHENS, well-known Single-Tax champion, Philadelphia: +"Liberty is a paper which reforms reformers."</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote><p>BOLTON HALL, author of "Even As You and I": "Liberty shows us the +profit of Anarchy, and is the prophet of Anarchy."</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote><p>ALLEN KELLY, formerly chief editorial writer on the Philadelphia +"North American": "Liberty is my philosophical Polaris. I ascertain +the variations of my economic compass by taking a sight at her +whenever she is visible."</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote><p>SAMUEL W. COOPER, counsellor at law, Philadelphia: "Liberty is a +journal that Thomas Jefferson would have loved."</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote><p>EDWARD OSGOOD BROWN, Judge of the Illinois Circuit Court: "I have +seen much in Liberty that I agreed with, and much that I disagreed +with, but I never saw any cant, hypocrisy, or insincerity in it, +which makes it an almost unique publication."</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h4>Published Bimonthly. Twelve Issues, $1.00<br />Single Copies, 10 Cents</h4> + +<h3>Address: BENJ. R. TUCKER, P. O. Box 1312, New York City</h3> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a>[<a href="images/066.png">64</a>]</span></p> + +<h1>M. N. Maisel's</h1> + +<h2>BOOK STORE</h2> + +<h2>194 E. Broadway<br />=New York=</h2> + +<h1>Special Sale</h1> + +<p><b>Herbert Spencer.</b> The Authorized Copyright Works. (Appleton's edition.) +First Principles, 1 vol.; Principles of Biology, 2 vols.; Principles of +Psychology, 2 vols.; Principles of Sociology, 3 vols.; Principles of +Ethics, 2 vols. 8vo. 10 vols., cloth, new Published at $20.00. My Price $9.50</p> + +<p><b>Charles Darwin.</b> The Authorized Copyright Works. Descent of Man, 1 vol.; +Origin of Species, 2 vols.; Emotional Expressions, 1 vol.; Animals and +Plants under Domestication, 2 vols.; Insectivorous Plants, 1 vol.; +Vegetable Mould, 1 vol.; Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 2 vols. 10 +vols., cloth, new Published at $25.00. My Price, $9.00</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p>I have only a few series of these sets and will not be able to supply at +these prices after stock is gone.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h4>More than 15,000 volumes always on hand.</h4> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p>Fine Sets; Reference Works; General Literature; Scientific, +Philosophical, Liberal, Progressive and Reform Books.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p>Most of the Books in stock, new or second-hand, are sold at from 25 to +75 per cent discount from Publishers price.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h4>Weekly Importations from Germany, Russia, France and England.</h4> + +<hr /> + +<h1>MEETINGS</h1> + +<p><b>Progressive Library</b> 706 Forsyth Street. Meeting every Sunday evening.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Hugh O. Pentecost</b> lectures every Sunday, 11 A. M., at Lyric Hall, Sixth +Ave. (near 42nd Street.)</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Brooklyn Philosophical Association.</b> Meets every Sunday, 3 P. M., at Long +Island Business College, 143 S. 8th Street.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Sunrise Club.</b> Meets every other Monday for dinner and after discussion +at some place designated by the President.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Manhattan Liberal Club.</b> Meets every Friday, 8 P. M., at German Masonic +Hall, 220 East 15th Street.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Harlem Liberal Alliance.</b> Every Friday, 8 P. M., in Madison Hall, 1666 +Madison Avenue.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<p><b>Liberal Art Society.</b> Meets every Friday, 8.30 P. M., at Terrace Lyceum, +206 East Broadway.</p> + +<hr class="smler" /> + +<h1>"Mother Earth"</h1> + +<p class="center">For Sale at all the above<br />mentioned places</p> + +<h3>10 Cents a Copy</h3> + +<h3>One Dollar a Year</h3> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Mother Earth, Vol. 1 No. 1, March 1906, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MOTHER EARTH, MARCH 1906 *** + +***** This file should be named 26600-h.htm or 26600-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/6/0/26600/ + +Produced by Fritz Ohrenschall, Martin Pettit and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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