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diff --git a/26570-h/26570-h.htm b/26570-h/26570-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df5e687 --- /dev/null +++ b/26570-h/26570-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1200 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>De Pronunciatione Graecae et Latinae Linguae</title> +<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + +<style type = "text/css"> + +body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} +div.maintext {margin: 2.5em 10% 4em 0;} + +hr {width: 80%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; +text-align: center;} +hr.tiny {width: 20%;} + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; +font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin-top: .5em; +margin-bottom: .5em;} + +h1 {font-size: 250%;} +h1 span.extended {letter-spacing: .6em;} +h2 {font-size: 200%;} +h3 {font-size: 150%;} +h4 {font-size: 120%;} +h4.hanging {text-align: left; margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em;} +h5 {font-size: 100%;} +h6 {font-size: 85%;} + +p {text-align: left; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: 0em; +line-height: 1.2;} + +p.illustration {text-align: center; margin-top: 3em; +margin-bottom: 3em;} +p.inset {margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em;} + +div.center {text-align: center;} + +table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} +td {vertical-align: top;} + +/* sidenotes */ + +span.sidenote {float: right; clear: right; margin-right: -20%; +width: 15%; padding-left: 1em; font-size: 88%;} + + +/* text formatting */ + +.extended {letter-spacing: .2em;} + +/* greek translit */ + +span.greek {border-bottom: none;} + +ins.correction {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted red;} + +span.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: 90%; +font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-align: right; +text-indent: 0em;} +span.pagenum.orig {left: 2%; text-align: left;} + +div.mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%; margin: 1em 5%; +padding: .5em 1em 1em;} +div.mynote a {text-decoration: none;} + +</style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of De Pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae Linguae, by +John Caius + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: De Pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae Linguae + De Pronuntiatione Graecae et Latinae Linguae + +Author: John Caius + +Editor: E. S. Roberts + +Release Date: September 11, 2008 [EBook #26570] + +Language: Latin + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DE PRONUNCIATIONE GRAECAE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p><a name = "start" id = "start">This text</a> uses UTF-8 (unicode) +file encoding, including a few words of accented Greek:</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +<span class = "greek" title = "limos">λοιμός</span>, +<span class = "greek" title = "limos">λιμός</span> +</p> + +<p>If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you +may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure +that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode +(UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. Transliteration +of all Greek is provided by mouse-hover popups.</p> + +<hr class = "tiny"> + +<p>The text is taken from the 1912 Cambridge edition of Caius’s +<i>Complete Works</i>. The editor’s general introduction says:</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +In this volume no attempt has been made to produce a facsimile reprint. +Even if such a design had been entertained, the great variety of form in +which the original editions were issued would have made it impossible to +carry out the re-issue with any uniformity. Obvious misprints have been +corrected, but where a difference in spelling in the same work or on the +same page—<i>e.g. baccalarius</i>, <i>baccalaureus</i>—is +clearly due to the varying practice of the writer and not to the +printer, the words have been left as they stood in the original. On the +other hand the accents in the very numerous Greek quotations have been +corrected.</p> + +<p>Numbers in the right margin mark the pagination of this 1912 edition. +Numbers in parentheses—here shown in the left margin—were +printed in the gutter; they probably represent pages or leaves in the +1574 original. The illustration is taken from the same volume, though +not the present text.</p> +</div> + + +<div class = "center"> +<table summary = "centered text"> +<tr><td> +<h2 class = "extended">IOANNIS CAII</h2> + +<h1><span class = "extended">ANGL</span>I,</h1> + +<h5 class = "extended">DE</h5> + +<h4 class = "hanging">Pronunciatione Græcæ & Latinæ<br> +linguæ cum scriptione nova li-<br> +bellus.</h4> +</td></tr> +</table> +</div> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/caius43.png" width = "302" height = "338" +alt = "Caius in profile"></p> + +<h2 class = "extended">IOANNIS CAII</h2> + +<h1><span class = "extended">ANGL</span>I,</h1> + +<h5 class = "extended">DE</h5> + +<h3>Pronunciatione Græcæ & Latinæ<br> +linguæ, <i>&c.</i></h3> + +<div class = "maintext"> + +<p><span class = "sidenote"> +Lege lector & iudica.</span> +Scripturus de noua Græcæ & Latinæ linguæ pronunciatione +<span class = "pagenum orig">(3)</span> +& scriptione noua, spero me sine offensione cuiusquam id facturum. +Libera enim regio hæc semper fuit, & liberos in ea oportet esse +homines. Nequè enim quæ soluto animo familiariter scribi consuerunt, +temporibus istis excluduntur: etsi plena grauitatis omnia sunt. Non enim +ad graues aut exercitatos, sed leues & inexercitatos scribo: & +eos ratione & usu doceo, quos nec usus nec longa vita instituit. Cum +essem in Italia graues viros grauiter & cum decoro pronunciantes +audiebam. Cum in Britanniam veneram, nouos viros, nouo quodam +pronunciationis genere omnia personare offendebam. Hîc itaquè sic +cogitabam apud me. Cum nec Romæ, nec in uniuersa Italia, imò verò cum +nequè in Germania, Gallia, neque Belgia, nec alibi gentium, quàm in +nostra Britannia ullum unquam verbum de pronunciatione illa noua, ullauè +mentio aut significatio tum fuit, nouam pronunciationem alibi in usu non +fuisse quàm in Britannia certò scire licet. Nequè ea tamen uniuersa, sed +certo quodam loco, in quo per ea tempora oratores noui imperabant. Sic +tamen hæc refero, ut eos propter literas aliasque virtutes +<span class = "pagenum">4</span> +vehementer amem & suspiciam: propter hæc verò laudem minimè. Cuius +rei alioqui certè me cepisset admiratio, cum & Plautus scribat in +Casina, vetera nouis esse meliora, ideoque sapientiores esse qui utuntur +vino veteri, quàm qui nouo: qui veteres spectent fabulas, quàm qui +nouas: qui vetera opera atquè verba, quàm qui noua: qui usitata, quam +qui insueta: +<span class = "pagenum orig">(4)</span> +qui veteres comœdias, quàm qui nouas: qui veteri denique nummo, quàm +nuper nato. Thus quoque vetus nouo odoratius esse, prouerbio celebratur, +usque adeò ut idem, rem malam, sed notam & usitatam, optimam esse +dicat in Trinummo. Nam quæ noua sunt, etsi optima, tamen propter +insolentiam videntur pessima, & fieri potest ut usu experiaris talia +cum periculo, cum declinare non sit futurum integrum. Etenim sæpè +viatorem noua non vetus orbita fallit. Quare vetustatem suo loco +conseruandam, nouitates, etsi spem meliorum afferant, repudiandas esse +Plautus consulit: nec nouitates nos magis ad inquirendas causas +excitare, quàm magnitudines rerum debere: eosque errores quos rerum +nouitates attulerunt, naturæ ratione depellere oportere M. Tullius +existimat. Sed nostrorum hominum est, semper nouum cribrum, nouo paxillo +primos suspendere, et nouas inducere sectas nouis paradoxis. Quod tamen, +ut non reprehenderim ingenij exercendi causa in tenebris, ita non laudem +certè usus causa in luce: quòd præter consuetudinem patriæ, præsentis +temporis atque hominum sunt. In rebus ciuilibus dico. Nam aliò non +pertinebit oratio mea. Curo enim ut mea omnia nullam habeant publicam +offensionem, sed communem omnibus utilitatem. Quod si gaudeas +excogitasse quod prosit, certè hic non est gaudendum tibi, obest enim +magis quàm prodest, ut mox ostendam. Sed omnes obstrepunt. Quid solus +ergo contendis? Si irrident quid pergis delirare? Quid solus sapis? Sed +author es eius rei. O gloriosam rem, inuentorem esse inanium rerum? +tranquillitatis literariæ perturbatorem esse? quem nec Galli, nec Itali, +nec ipsi Græci commendant: nec alius quisquam præter imperitum rerum +iuuenem aut temerarium adolescentem, cui istam persuasionem in principio +per fraudem instillaueris alioqui non probaturo, imponens imperitæ turbæ +<span class = "pagenum orig">(5)</span> +<span class = "pagenum">5</span> +adolescentum, cui vix literæ sunt, & multò minus iudicium. De qua re +tamen multum forsan gloriaberis tanquam in re prudenter gesta. Iam verò +si magna res non sit utro modo pronuncies, cur interturbas omnia? cur +non intermittis quod leue est, potius quàm castigari grauiter? Si sonus +(res inanis) huius aut illius literæ mulctam indictam habet grandem, cur +non inanitatem potius contemnis, quàm in mulctam incidas? Leuissimis +rebus grauissimas indicere pœnas æquum est, non propter magnitudinem rei +quæ leuis est, sed propter violatum in repub. ordinem receptum iam & +confirmatum, propter contemptum, propter nouitatis exemplum, & +propter temerarium in ea ausum. Nequè hic tanta pretia subesse cernimus, +quamobrem tantas difficultates lubenter subiremus, etsi in alijs +difficilia quæ pulchra. Licèt enim optima quæque & inuentu & +conseruatu difficilia obseruentur, non tamen quæ non facilè inueniuntur +& conseruantur statim optima reputantur, in quo genere ista tua est +(si dijs placet) pronunciatio. Sed antiquitatem obijcis. Antiquata esse +fatebor certè, antiqua videri non fatebor. Nam Aulus Gellius author +grauis, antiquata & desita omnia, à multis sæculis in usum +reuocata etsi vetusta sunt, videri tamen noua sapienter censuit. Etsi +antiqua videantur, per hominum errorem id quidem contigit, ignorantium +cuiusquam rei proprietatem. Sallustius præsentium rerum retinentissimus +semper consuetudini cessit. Ælius Gallus atque Cicero noua perpetuò +fugiebant, adeò ut nouissimus & nouissimè haud libenter usi sunt. +Gellius reprehendit eos qui obsoleta in usum reuocant. Phauorinus +Philosophus nouitatis hostis, adolescentem inusitatorum studiosum, +acriter corripuit, dicens: Curius & Fabritius +<span class = "pagenum orig">(6)</span> +dilucidè cum suis fabulati sunt, neque Auruncorum, Sicanorum aut +Pelasgorum (qui primi Italiam incoluisse leguntur) sed ætatis suæ verbis +locuti sunt: tu verò perindè quasi cum matre Euandri nunc loquaris +verbis iam olim desitis uteris. Quod si intelligi non vis quæ loqueris, +non hoc abundè consequeris tacens? quasi satius esset non loqui quàm non +intelligi. Demonax quoque philosophus idem faciebat. Quum enim à quopiam +quæsiuisset aliquid, atque +<span class = "pagenum">6</span> +ille verbis obsoletis atquè priscis responderet. Ego (inquit) amice te +nunc percontor: at tu perinde respondes quasi regnaret Agamemnon. +Sorbona etiam (quam Robertus Sorbona, non Caroli imperatoris frater +Theologis Lutetiæ instituerat) aliquot Raimundi Lullij opera reiecit, +quòd vetustis vocabulis iamdiu receptis & usitatis reiectis, noua +infulserit. Crassus Sulpitium arguebat, quòd tollendo .i. literam de +diphthongo ei, non antiques oratores, sed rusticos messores videretur +imitari, ut est apud M. Tullium 3. de oratore. Catullus Arcij +hinsidias atque chommoda deridebat: quid facturus si Quinctilianos atquè +Quinctios, ut nunc loquuntur atque scribunt, Chicherones atque Quinctos, +Kikerones & Kicherones, pecuniam & peguniam, coilum chœlum & +cœlum, cernos & chernos, discipulos & dischipulos iam audiret: +quibus multi hodiè utuntur loquendo & scribendo, sermonis atque +scriptionis vitia imitati, non virtutes consecuti. Ad hæc Lacedæmonij +quòd simplicia atque consueta placuerunt, Terpandrum præstantissimum +Citharædum mulctasse dicuntur, quòd unam solam chordam præter +necessitatem intendisset. Ad extremum Romani, rhetores Latinos & +philosophos edicto urbe Roma pepulerunt, quòd nouum genus disciplinæ +instituerunt. Noua enim Romanis, viris certè in omni re sapientibus quæ +præter consuetudinem & morem maiorum +<span class = "pagenum orig">(7)</span> +suorum illata sunt, neque placuerunt, neque recta videbantur. Eam ob rem +M. Cicero in oratione contra Catelinam refert, Seruilium Halam, +Sp. Melium nouis rebus studentem sua manu occidisse. Nihil enim +periculosius in usu vitæ esse rebantur, quàm veteribus relictis ad noua +deuolare. Nam inconstantia magnam ipsa in se leuitatem habet, subitaque +consuetudinis, & usus commutatio, plena maximarum rerum Cic. de +offensione est. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Cic. de senect.</span> +Quamobrem sapienter M. Cato, qui Appium senect. cæcum laudat, quòd +vigebat in eius domo patrius mos & disciplina. Sapienter veteres, +qui legibus antiquis, opsonijs verò recentibus utendum censuerunt. +Sapienter & Iurisconsulti, qui nihil temerè innouandum nisi euidens +ratio postulauerit, præcipiunt. Hinc factum existimem, ut scholæ iuris +nostri publici nullo modo adduci possunt, ut relinquant +<span class = "pagenum">7</span> +suum <i>octabis</i>: nec scholæ quædam Academicæ ut deficiant à suis +sotulis, cum artium magisterio initiandi sunt: aut ocreis, cum SS. +Theologiæ Doctoratus gradu insigniendi sunt: aut ouis vario modo +præparatis cum in determinationibus Bacchalaurei nouitij, seniores sui +gradus conuiuijs excipiant: nec in disputationibus, sedentibus +disputatoribus, ut auditores humi non procumbant, fusi per densum +substratum iuncum: nec ut caputium patientiamque quam vocant stamineam +(peculiare gestamen collegis Hispanorum Collegij apud Bononienses) +deponant Hispani Bononiensis Academiæ. Quos omnes laudo equidem, quod +leuibus momentis non impellantur huc atque illuc inconstanter, nec a +veteri sua consuetudine auellantur desciscantque facilè: ut nonnullæ +solent Academiæ in quibus leuitas iuuenilis magna paruis, quadrata +rotundis, & formas formis mutat imprudenter admodum, nullo seruato +ordine, nulla +<span class = "pagenum orig">(8)</span> +consuetudine aut grauitate. Certè mihi videntur illi planè cuculi atque +oues, qui eos, qui ut homines pronunciare iamdiu usi sunt, abolitis +cuculorum atque ouium vocibus, eodem reuocare velint, atque ex obscuris +ænigmatibus & antiquis cum difficultate discere studeant, quæ viua +vox, certus præsensque usus cum facilitate clarè possunt docere. +Synesius Cyrenensis in laudatione Caluicij, & Lacedæmonij in +legibus, grauiora suadent in eos qui præter consuetudinem patriæ aliquid +intulerunt: puta cicutam, & suspendium. Etenim Synesius eos qui +præter consuetudinem patriæ aliquid innouarant cicuta dignos existimat, +quod rudes & indocti absurdarum opinionum fautores esse consuerunt, +existimans cum prouerbio: Superiorum temporum omnia meliora, quòd & +usu confirmata sunt, & pace tranquilla, cuius & vox dulcis et +res ipsa salutaris est. Lacedæmonij verò usque adeò formidabant rerum +nouitates, atque etiam ad earum recordationem tantopere inhorrescebant, +ut lege lata sanciuerint, ne quis innouare quicquam auderet, qui chorda +è collo suspensa prius non prodiret, ut si de nouitate consilium parum +placeret, audaciæ suæ pœnas daret. Etenim euentus varios res noua semper +habet, ut Cornelius Gallus scribit, & magna ex parte periculosos: +sic ut siue vi imperare +<span class = "pagenum">8</span> +velis hanc pronunciationem nouam, siue stultitiæ blandimentis iuuentuti +instillare, importunum hac ætate facis, mouere quæ stabilita sunt, cum +præsertim omnium rerum mutationes cædem, fugam, aliaque hostilia (ut +Sallustius ait) portendant. +<span class = "sidenote"> +In bello Iugurth. fol. 35.</span> +Usque in ciuilibus consisto, omnia enim secundum materiam subiectam +intelligo. Ex quibus scire licet nequè antiquata in usum esse reuocanda, +neque noua esse amplectenda, neque extra publicam viam esse +deflectendum, sed cum +<span class = "pagenum orig">(9)</span> +pronunciationis antiquitas euanuerit (si aliter olim pronunciarunt quàm +hodiè nos proferimus) usum scientiamque præstare nos debere eius, qua +præsentes utimur: uti docti viri solent, qui scientiam sibi reseruant, +usum autem loquendi populo concedunt, qui loquendum ut multi, sentiendum +ut pauci sapienter præcipiunt, nec immutandum quicquam inconstanter +censent: nec mouenda esse rerum nouitatibus quæ bene constituta et +confirmata sunt existimant, etsi vetustatis speciem sibi induant. Etenim +non est quamobrem in hac benè confirmata repub. literaria quis velit iam +dicere, ore sanè agresti atque rudi, <i>queis</i> pro <i>quibus</i>, nec +<i>veias</i> pro <i>vias</i>, nec <i>olli</i> pro <i>illi</i>, +<i>mareito</i> pro <i>marito</i>, nec <i>maxumè</i> pro <i>maximè</i>, +nec <i>sueuerat</i> pro <i>consueuerat</i>, nec <i>deico</i>, +<i>eidus</i>, <i>pulchrai</i>, <i>veitæ</i>, <i>ubei</i>, <i>quei</i>, +<i>heic</i>, <i>fœminai</i>, <i>suom</i>, <i>deilexit</i>, +<i>horunc</i>, <i>abei</i>, <i>erodita</i>, <i>pictai</i>, <i>aulai</i>, +<i>nepai</i>, quæ iam obsoleuerunt, & repetita molesta sunt, & +interturbant omnia, pro <i>dico</i>, <i>idus</i>, <i>pulchræ</i><ins +class = "correction" title = "comma missing">, </ins><i>vitæ</i>, +<i>ubi</i>, <i>qui</i>, <i>hic</i>, <i>fœminæ</i>, <i>suum</i>, +<i>dilexit</i>, <i>hunc</i>, <i>abi</i>, <i>erudita</i>, <i>pictæ</i>, +<i>aulæ</i>, <i>nepæ</i>, ut nec multa alia propter carminis +necessitatem, aut alijs propter affectationem, non propter meliorem +scribendi aut pronunciandi rationem usitata. Nequè enim propter +insolentiam aures eruditorum hæc ferre possent, nisi quod Poetis libero +hominum generi propter eorum ligatam orationem semper fuit potestas +quidlibet audendi. Exit in immensum facunda licentia vatum: inquit +Ouidius: Obligat historica nec sua verba fide. Hinc apud eos, Tmolus +habet aures, saltant quercus, aues loquuntur, et saxa fiunt homines. +Utuntur tamen hodiè haud dissimili pronunciandi genere, quod Borealismum +seu Scotismum nominamus (quemadmodum Alcibiades Labdacismo) quia +Borealibus Anglis (quos Calidonios Britannos Lucanus vocat) atquè Scotis +<span class = "pagenum orig">(10)</span> +<span class = "pagenum">9</span> +vicinis est in usu, dum <i>saibai</i>, <i>taibai</i>, <i>vaita</i>, +<i>aita</i> dicant, cum <i>sibi</i>, <i>tibi</i>, <i>vita</i>, +<i>ita</i>, pronunciandum sit. Mordicus tamen retinent non ratione sed +pertinacia, & petulantia: etsi australibus Anglis ita vulgo +contemnitur hoc pronunciationis genus, ut Phaliscis seu Thuscis +Bergomense apud Italos. Est enim rudis & inconditi vulgi, quibus ut +est decorum patrio more loqui: ita australibus Anglis valdè indecorum +alio uti quàm suo. Licet tamen hic contemplari iudicium iuuentutis, quæ +vitia pro virtutibus amplectitur, ut solet vulgus Aulicorum, qui +camisias crispatas, & cothurnos coriaceos inducunt ornamenti causa, +qui principio causa contegendi crura, & colla morbida, ad +quotidianum usum sunt inuenta. Nam olim & nostra memoria cum sana +essent omnia, nec cothurnis utebantur, & denudata virorum colla +erant ad pectus, & pectora expapillata (ut Plauti verbo utar) atquè +ad papillam denudata, etiam brumali tempore. Sed hæc obiter de +Borealismo. Ad diphthongos iam paucis venio. De quibus etiam +Iurisconsulti aliter sentiunt, quàm noui isti pronunciationis authores. +Theophilus enim Antecessor cum vellet uti aliena lingua, non <span class += "greek" title = "praïtôr">πραϊτωρ</span> dixit diuisa diphthongo, sed +<span class = "greek" title = "praitôr">πραιτωρ</span> & prætores, +unita. Cuius rei non alium magistrum, quàm eius temporis usum reor: qui +& ad nostrum usque promanarit, & per omnem orbem disseminatus +& receptus est. Quod si non lubenter ferant, quin diphthongorum +omnes literas suis sonis ipsi exprimant, contra quàm vult receptus usus, +quod voluntatis & petulantiæ error est, non necessitatis, at saltem +alijs permittant ut in sua etiam sit voluntate sine reprehensione, +veteri & recepto more pronunciare, maximè quod multi errores +reperiantur apud authores (ut aiunt) ex diphthongis resolutis in +simplices +<span class = "pagenum orig">(11)</span> +literas. Noui tamen isti homines nescio quam commoditatem puerilem in +docendo, pueris manare ex hac sua pronunciatione dicunt. Quasi verò +Græcorum pueri, & qui hodiè utuntur veteri pronunciatione, linguam +Græcam discere, sonare, & intelligere veteri illa nequiuissent, aut +si quiuissent, non ita tamen commodè. Scilicet. Equidem puerile magis +existimo quàm virile, puerileque esse argumentum puto. Nam si commodior +ratio sit, (ut ita dem) non tamen vetustior +<span class = "pagenum">10</span> +est, quæ res in controuersia est, minusque arguit veteres sic +pronunciasse, nec esse puerorum causa immutanda omnia aut subuertenda +censeo. Id enim experimento didici, varietatem pronunciandi mutuum +commercium & societatem hominum rerumque intellectum summouere: +discordémque hanc pronunciationem sermonis commercio nunquam +contracturam ad colloquia. Nequè enim Græcus Patriarcha cum istic +regnante Edwardo sexto Londini esset, Checum, nec Checus Patriarcham +intellexit: hic nouo, ille ueteri pronunciandi modo usus: quo omnes +Græci adhuc utebantur cum ego essem Venetijs, tum è Cathedra Græcas +literas profitendo, tum in templis sacra celebrando. Audiebam enim data +opera sæpius. At si ego tacerem norit Oxoniensis schola, quemadmodum +ipsa Græcia pronunciarit, ex Matthæo Calphurnio Græco, quem ex Græcia +Oxonium Græcarum literarum gratia produxerat Thomas Wolsæus, de bonis +literis optimè meritus Cardinalis, cum non alia ratione pronunciarit +ille, quàm qua nos iam profitemur. Id si ita sit, nos Britanni docebimus +ipsos Græcos in ipsa Græcia oriundos sua verba sonare? suas voces atque +literas pronunciare? & plus in aliena lingua sapiens +<span class = "sidenote"> +<ins class = "correction" title = "brackets and question mark in original: +sidenote added by 1912 editor?">[sapiemus?]</ins></span> +quàm ipsa gens atquè natio, cui lingua Græca familiaris atque etiam +vulgaris est, & successione temporum continuata, tanquam per manus +esset tradita? +<span class = "pagenum orig">(12)</span> +Nemo qui Gallicè velit discere, ex Anglo petet, si sapiat, nec contra: +nec qui Italicè, ex Germano, sed ex sua quæque gente sunt discenda. At +si pueris instituendis prodesse posset, uti aiunt, usu publico posset, +ut cum alijs usu conueniant in sermone ad intellectum. Nam si doceas +quod usui publico esse non possit, quorsum doctrinam? Cogetur qui +didicit dedidicisse, & eum pronunciandi modum discere qui in usu +est, ut eo utatur cum in publicum prodierit, cum inter homines versatus +fuerit, & cum in theatrum doctorum venerit: nisi velit haberi +ineptus et ridiculum caput omnibus. Et qui docebit quoque ad istum +modum, duplicabit operam & mercedem, uti Fabius Quintilianus +scribit, tum ut prioris obliuisci instituat, tum ut insequentis +pronunciationis rationem ostendat, discentis incommodo & labore +graui, & temporis & compendij iactura grauiori, quæ rectius in +principio potuissent +<span class = "pagenum">11</span> +collocari in meliores usus. At ad usum publicum profuerit minimè. Nam +priuata hæc pronunciatio paucorum tantum hominum in Britannia est, & +eorum iuuenum, alibi minimè recepta gentium. Sed hij pauci sic +pronunciant, ut se mutuò intelligant, dices. At orbis uniuersus non est +ista paucitas. Nec paucis priuato loco atque usui doctrina constituitur, +sed publico & uniuerso, ut inter homines cuiusque regionis cum laude +linguæ, & ingenij gloria verseris. Quamobrem ne docendo quidem, ullo +modo ad usum publicum conducet ista noua pronunciatio. Hactenus ergo +vetus illa pronunciatio nihil prohibuit, quin & rectè loquerentur +homines, & per orbem uniuersum intelligerentur, sic ut non sit opus +noua. Sed ita pronunciandum sentis ut discernas inter voces, inter +vocales & diphthongos. Quasi verò usu, doctrina, sensu, +<span class = "pagenum orig">(13)</span> +accentu, genere, quantitate, numero & casu nihil comprehendi, nihil +discerni possit, nisi demittamus nos, descendamusque ad puerilem legendi +simplicitatem, ac plenis buccis proferamus satis rusticè, <span class = +"greek" title = "Phoïbos">Φοϊβος</span>, <i>toutois</i>, <i>cai</i>, +<i>lobois</i>, <i>mousais</i>, <i>basilews</i>, <i>epeiros</i>, +<i>tuptomai</i>, <i>chreia</i>, <i>chresimos</i>, <i>apophugen</i>, +<i>husteron</i>, <i>kibdes</i>, <i>cuclops</i>, <i>korakeion</i>, +<i>lewcon</i>, <i>hippewein</i>, <i>wyos</i>, <i>pais</i>, & hoc +genus alia: pro <i>phœbus</i>, <i>toutis</i>, (veteri more) <i>cha</i>, +<i>louis</i>, <i>musæs</i>, <i>vasileus</i>, <i>epirus</i>, +<i>typtomæ</i>, <i>chria</i>, <i>chrisimos</i>, <i>apophygen</i>, +<i>ysteron</i>, <i>cibdis</i>, <i>cyclops</i>, <i>coracion</i>, +<i>leucon</i>, <i>yppewin</i>, <i>yios</i>, <i>pæs</i>, unde pædotriba, +non paidotriba: aut quasi nihil aliud esset quo dijudicaremus inter +parere pro parturire, & parêre pro obedire in isto versu. Fœmina +vult parere, sed non parêre lubenter, nisi crassa pronunciatio: eadem +penè nota qua <span class = "greek" title = "loimos">λοιμός</span> & +<span class = "greek" title = "limos">λιμός</span> in pronunciatione, +non tamen in scriptione. Nam inter λοιμος & λιμος in scribendo +manifesta est differentia. Apollo tamen videtur limos dixisse & +pronunciasse veteri Græcorum more, alioqui nulla fuisset dubitatio in +oraculo. Certè antiqui <i>Achilles</i>, <i>Tydes</i>, <i>Theses</i>, +& <i>Ulisses</i> dicebant, non <i>Achillews</i>, <i>Tudeus</i>, +<i>Thesews</i>, et <i>Ulussews</i> quemadmodum recentes: uti ex eorum +& interpretum libris ea adhuc referentibus scire licet. Quod si olim +Græci eo quo recentes isti modo crassius, durius, & asperius +pronunciarunt, (quod acerrimè isti defendunt, cum dicunt Græcos) etiam +tum Græci erant Barbari, cum ex +<span class = "pagenum">12</span> +omnibus gentibus soli non habebantur Barbari. Barbari enim ab initio +dicti sunt (ut inquit Strabo) qui crassè, difficulter, asperè atque +duriter loquebantur: in quorum genere fuerunt omnes gentes præter +Græcos: à quibus postea (corrupta Græcia) barbara ea appellatio ad +omnes præter +<span class = "pagenum orig">(14)</span> +Latinos translata est, quòd mitiorem linguam & isti habebant et +magis cultam. Si quis tamen ex Latinis esset qui non rectè verba +proferebat, barbarè loqui etiam ille dicebatur. Sed pergo. An sapientem +Hebræum putares, si puerorum causa renunciata omnino perfecta illa & +absoluta sine punctis legendi ratione, ad punctorum rationem et +simplicitatem in uniuersum deficiat? An non omnes tanquam infantem & +ineptum dicerent? Nisi velit primùm suos Tyrones per punctos ad +lectionem introducere, ac tum ad absolutam illam legendi rationem sine +punctis traducere: quod laboriosum esset geminique operis. Rursus an +sapientem Gallum qui rudiorum causa velit rudius pronunciare, & +aliter quàm vulgus Gallorum solet, & eas literas in voces inserere, +quas usus excludit. Doctos enim docta decent, indoctos formare possunt +docti pro arbitrio, seorsim, sine uniuersitatis dissolutione, & ita +instituere prout optimum cuique videbitur, modò non deficiant à +consuetis, nec in dicendo & scribendo nouas turbas excitent, noua +dogmata non introducant cum reipub. literariæ inquietudine, & +personarum offensione. Ut si quis vellet docere priuatim legendum +<i>homo</i> non <i>omo</i>, & <i>hupsilon</i> non <i>ypsilon</i>, +vel <ins class = "correction" +title = "printed as shown, with initial iota (i)">ἱpsilon</ins> ferendum +fuit, modò doceat admonendi non utendi causa (ut prudentes solent qui +(ut dixi) scientiam sibi seruant, usu autem ut populus loquuntur) quod +h. non sit litera, sic ut faciat vocem ut vocalis, aut liquescat ut +liquida, aut consonet ut consonans, aut mutet ut muta, sed aspiret +tantùm ut spiritus, ac ventus leuis sine voce. Eam ob causam apud +scriptores veteres, leges <i>ydropisis</i>, <i>termæ</i>, <i>Batonia</i> +& <i>Iuernia</i>, pro <i>hydropisis</i>, <i>thermæ</i>, +<i>Bathonia</i> & <i>Hybernia</i>, uti in libro nostro de thermis +Britannicis, et Symphonia vocum Britannicarum annotauimus. Istas tamen +<span class = "pagenum orig">(15)</span> +ineptias Deus bone, quàm mordicus retinent noui isti et defendunt (ut +sibi quidem videntur) pertinaciter, cum nullo tamen modo iustis +rationibus possint. Iuuenes si hîc +<span class = "pagenum">13</span> +ineptirent solùm duce iuuene, ferendum fuit. Iam verò cum audiam senes +delirare hijs ineptijs, quid intollerabilius? Nam hos iudicium, ratio, +& experientia doceret. Præterea in senecta ætate ludere par impar, +equitare in arundine longa, quouis vento agitari, nihilquè constantis +hominis habere indecorum est. Cicero in Bruto notat ætatem quæ ante se +fuit, in qua Ennius, Liuius, & L. Sisenna erant, quorum stilus +erat (ut ille ait) horridior, nec dum perfectè loquebantur. Sua autem +ætate unctior & splendidior consuetudo loquendi fuit. Et quamuis +(inquit) L. Sisenna facilè omnes vincat superiores, indicat tamen +quantùm absit a summo. Nam usus est aliquando veteribus verbis, & ab +usu perfecto, & auribus eruditis remotis. Rectè enim loqui putabant +esse, inusitatè loqui. Idem eodem in Bruto nimiam vetustatem explodendam +monet. Sed nimia (inquit) vetustas nec habet eam quam quærimus +summitatem, nec est sanè tolerabilis. Ego igitur hortator essem, ut a +suscepta hac nuper (si omnino suscepta fuit) desitáque olim +pronunciatione desistant, qui utuntur: si non propter has quas ante +retuli causas, at certè propter hæc quod eadem pronunciatione +honestissima verba turpissimè sonent, ut <i>ascitum</i> & +<i>asciscunt</i> apud nostros. Etenim in harum vocum prima, si c. +proferas ut ch. & in secunda utrumque c. ut k. more nouo, utrumque +vocabulum tanta turpitudine proferetur, quanta non sinit verecundia mea +explicare. Quamobrem malui rem tacita cogitatione præterire, quàm +dilucidius patefacere: cupio enim rebus adesse nomina, sed non nominibus +pudorem. Sed +<span class = "pagenum orig">(16)</span> +superciliosorum Grammaticorum maximè culpa hæc pronunciatio Latina +introducta est, cùm nescio qua æmulatione alter alterum nouitate aliqua +studeat superare. Id quod exemplo cuiusdam amici adhuc viuentis, qui in +schola Paulina atquè item Antonina Londini educatus iam olim est, +didici. Etenim cum in ludo literario diui Pauli erat, docebatur sonare +docheo pro doceo: cum in scholam S. Anthonij idem venerat, iussum +est proferre dokeo pro doceo: nullo planè discentium commodo, sed ne +docentium quidem: tantùm inseruitum est istorum libidini quorum +præceptum id erat, pronunciationis vitio, & pubertatis incommodo. +Itaque imponendus modus +<span class = "pagenum">14</span> +est, alioqui nullus futurus finis est, hoc isto, illo alio modo verba +proferente atquè scribente. Nam & in scriptione quoque noua ratio +hodie proponitur. Sed nemo (quod sciam) usquè adeò desipuit hactenus ut +sequi vellet, ne author quidem eius. Neque enim cæcum ducem, nequè +amentem consultorem. Quod si quis vellet, at constituenda illi schola +noua scribendi & legendi fuit, dediscendáque quæ didicit omnia, +& innouanda omnia omni populo, euersis quibus hactenus usi sumus +omnibus: usquè adeò mobilia sunt hodiè hominum ingenia in istis nugis, +ut nihil fixum, nihil in perpetuum constitutum habeant. Nec unum nugandi +genus est in scribendo, sed diuersum, hic uno, ille altero usus modo: +hic nouam literarum formam & pronunciationem commentus, ille +alteram: & eas ineptas sanè et insulsas, etiam simplicibus +mulierculis. Non est tamen tam stupidus quisquam, aut impudens & +insulsus rei alicuius nouæ author, qui non sit habiturus suæ stultitiæ +fautores et sectatores, vel homines adolescentes, vel stultam +plebeculam: at grauem virum cui sit iudicium, ne unum quidem. Nisi si +fortè +<span class = "pagenum orig">(17)</span> +ingenij sui ostentandi causa hoc fecerint, ut Isocrates laudando +Busyrim, Libanius Thersitem, Lucianus Muscam, Quartanam Fauorinus, +Caluiciem Synesius Cyrenensis, Comam Dion Chrysostomus, & nostri +sæculi Cornelius Agrippa scribendo de vanitate scientiarum libellum: +Copernicus de motu terræ & statione cœli volumen: et Erasmus +Rhoterodamus de febre & Phalarismo libellos. Nam rhetores subinde +animi causa solent tractare materias <span class = "greek" title = +"adoxous">ἀδόξους</span>, & exercendi gratia argumentum infame +declarare. Ita si de pronunciatione noua & scriptione noua +sensissent noui isti authores, & cum præfatione sensus sui hoc esse +suum commentum dicerent, non ad usum atque professionem, sed ad ingenij +gloriam & exercitium, æquior essem, amplectererque certè lubens. +Alioqui videant illi, quàm nihil aliud quàm suam traducant infantiam, +nec esse consecuturos aliquando ut grauia ingenia flectant ad suas +nænias. Reliqua si sequacia fuerint, quæ gloria erit? Mallem unum grauem +virum consentientem mihi mille iuuenibus: ut quibus nec dum per ætatem +confirmatus animus est, nec maturum +<span class = "pagenum">15</span> +iudicium, nec usu experimentum, etsi grauissimè de se sentiant: cum +tamen vestitu, gestu, & oratione longè se ostendant alios, ut in +lib. 1 de Antiquitate Cant. Academiæ plenius diximus. Nam ut in +vijs peregrinus, sic in rebus imperitus. Certè istis nouitatibus, istis +modis, nihil aliud quàm sterilis labor, sterilísque difficultas sequitur +in promendo cum multorum risu: quòd ea rustica sit et simplex, parum +condita et delicata, affectatione quadam ineptè acquisita, nec erudite +ore digna: denique quòd doctas aures vehementer offendit, ingrata planè +& odiosa omnibus, præterquam nouitatis studiosis. Nam suauitatis in +sermone politiores scriptores semper fuerunt obseruantissimi. Siquidem +maior ratio apud eos euphoniæ fuit, quàm disciplina +<span class = "pagenum orig">(18)</span> +regulæ. Hinc Græci angelos phormingos, & papæ proferre, præcepto +usuque imperarunt, cum <span class = "greek" title = +"angelos">ἄγγελος</span>, <span class = "greek" title = +"phormingos">φόρμιγγος</span>, & <span class = "greek" title = +"Babai">Βαβαὶ</span> rudius proferendum alioqui fuit: et Romani +<i>dingnum</i> cum <i>dignum</i>, <i>pungnum</i> cum <i>pugnum</i>, +& <i>mangnum</i> cum <i>magnum</i> sit dicendum: ut mitigetur +pronunciationis difficultas, & euitetur soni vitium, quod Græci +<span class = "greek" title = "kakophônian">κακοφωνίαν</span> dicunt. +Quin & Itali Romanorum soboles eadem de causa id pronunciandi genus +adhuc obseruant, qui ne magnum dicant duriter, maignum sonant molliter: +et dingnum, ne dignum. Britanni quoque atquè Galli Romanorum æmuli, ne +magnum dicant, main proferunt, ut <i>Charles le main</i>, Carolus +magnus: <i>le main see</i>, magnum mare: et in alearum usu, <i>the main +chaunce</i>, sors magna: ac pro <i>est</i>, et, elisa .s. litera. Eadem +suauitatis ratione ijdem omnes B. per v. in Græcis & Latinis +dictionibus efferunt: et pro <span class = "greek" title = +"bikiou">βικίου</span> (id est <span class = "greek" title = +"aphakês">ἀφακῆς</span>) vitia, et pro Bienna Vienna, & pro <span +class = "greek" title = "biktora">βίκτορα</span> victorem: & pro +Abellana Auellana, non è contra dicunt. Et in vetustioribus Græcorum +codicibus manuscriptis rarò videbis b. literam, sed eius loco +characterem v. latinæ literæ similem. Latini quoque vetustiores, +Vetonica pro Betonica dicunt, inter quos est Apuleius: et <i>Iuernia</i> +pro <i>Hibernia</i>, et <i>lauoro</i> pro <i>laboro</i>, et <i>terra de +Lauoro</i>, pro Laboriæ, (quo verbo Plinius utitur) quæ pars est Italiæ. +Hos si damnes, utere licentia pro me, & in usum quoque reuocato si +libet, <i>appludam</i> et <i>floces vini</i>, pro furfuraceo pane, et +fæcibus vini: +<span class = "pagenum">16</span> +Dubenum pro Domino, Bubsequam, Bouinatorem, et manticulatorem quoque, +pro Bubulco, conuiciatore, et clanculario fure, seu versuto: ut habet +Festus Pompeius, Pacuuius, et Aulus Gellius: et hoc genus obsoleta et +inusitata omnia, quod nemo sanæ mentis faciet. Sin probes, à nouo +illo pronunciationis genere vel horum exemplo desiste. Illud in +<span class = "pagenum orig">(19)</span> +uniuersum te scire expedit, pronunciationis rationem dicendi rationi +esse simillimam, quæ in medio posita (ut ait Cicero de Oratore) communi +quodam in usu atquè in hominum more et sermone versatur. Nam ut in +cæteris artibus id maximè excellit quod longissimè sit ab imperitorum +intelligentia sensuquè seiunctum, ita in dicendo vitium est vel maximum +à vulgari genere orationis, atquè à consuetudine communis sensus +abhorrere. +<span class = "sidenote"> +De laude Caluicij.</span> +Etenim qui ad populum scribit vel loquitur (ut inquit Synesius) necesse +est illum in opinione popularium esse, et ea fingere, et de hijs +disserere quæ populo grata sunt. Atquè ut histrioni actio, saltatori +motus non quiuis sed certus quidam et laudabilis: sic in pronunciandi et +scribendi genere, certum quoddam et communi usu receptum, non quoduis à +consuetudine alienum et remotum habetur consentaneum. Non enim ea ratio +esse debet apud nos in literis quæ in vestibus, quæ omnibus horis aliæ +penè fiunt et diuersæ, aut materia, aut forma, aut colore, aut omnibus +hijs. Unus enim vultus apud nos odiosus est. Cuius rei gnari non +insolentes Grammatici, quotquot hactenus mihi vidisse contigit, omnes +cum de literarum potestate tractant ita proferendas esse præcipiunt, ut +usus doctorum per omnem reliquum orbem iam olim receperit. Inter quos +Petrus Antesignanus est, homo doctus atque elegans, et Nicholai Clenardi +scholiastes. Is de noua ista pronunciatione ita censet, ut eius authores +curiosos magis existimet, quàm veteris pronunciationis intelligentes: et +eorum rationes vaniores, quàm ut eis adhibenda fides sit: ob idquè +pronunciandum veteri et recepto hactenus usu, existimans eum qui ex +errore imperitæ iuuentutis pendeat, in magnis viris non esse habendum. +Eius verba hæc sunt. Quarta columna, +<span class = "pagenum orig">(20)</span> +&c. elementorum potestatem complectitur, quo pacto scilicet debeant +enunciari, de qua re variæ sunt hodiè & multiplices +<span class = "pagenum">17</span> +Grammaticorum opiniones, dum quidam curiosè nimis ad antiquam +pronunciandi rationem omnia volunt reuocare, cum tamen ipsi prorsus +incerti sunt, quo pacto prisci illi hæc pronunciarunt, & coniecturæ +sunt admodum ieiunæ. Illis itaque non est fides adhibenda, nisi prius +priscorum aliquem ab inferis excitarint. Hæc ille. Et paucis +interpositis, ista subiungit. Qui verò illis (professoribus) +destituuntur, & proprio marte linguam Græcam discere coguntur, +pronuncient elementa Græca more Latinorum Græcis in hac tabula +respondentium. Quæ certè pronunciandi ratio vetus est, & recepta +usu. Huius opinionis quoque olim per iuuentutem (quod ipse noui) erant +isti præceptores noui. Verùm loco stare nesciuerunt, sed gressus +glomerare superbos voluerunt. In ea quoque erat et Thomas Morus, +Linacrus, Lupsetus, & Erasmus, qui in prouerbio, Stultior Morycho, +<span class = "greek" title = "moruxai">μορύξαι</span> transfert Moryxæ, +non moruxai, etsi de pronunciatione multa disputauerat, quæ gloriæ +studio potius, quam usus gratia se scripsisse, ex hijs & alijs locis +scire licet diligenter obseruanti. Paræmium quoque dixit, non paroimium, +et Hippoclidem non Hippocludem in prouerbio: non est curæ Hippoclidi: +& gymnasium non gumnasium, & Sybaritica, Smyrnæ ac Syracusæ, non +Subaritica, Smurne & Suracusai. Longum esset omnes istas vanitates +percensere, vix dies, aut etiam annus sufficeret. Sed quid de recentibus +loquar, cum vetusti Græci & Latini consueta religiosissimè +obseruarunt. Galenus enim homo Græcus, & summi iudicij ac doctrinæ +vir, ut si quis alius sui aut insequentis temporis, lib. 1. operis +sui de Compositione medicamentorum qua parte de modo lauandi lithargyron +& alia metalla scribit, <span class = "greek" title = "tê kratousê +sunêtheia">τῇ κρατούσῃ</span> +<span class = "pagenum orig">(21)</span> +<span class = "greek" title = "tê kratousê sunêtheia">συνηθείᾳ</span> +utendum censet. Etenim cum medici sui temporis recentiores dicebant, +<span class = "greek" title = "emplastron">ἔμπλαστρον</span>, <span +class = "greek" title = "kentrion">κέντριον</span>, <span class = +"greek" title = "kai mêlôtrida">καὶ μηλώτριδα</span> cum <span class = +"greek" title = "rho [letter]">ῥ.</span> in ultima, is eam scribendi +& pronunciandi rationem sequi maluit propter consuetudinem iam tum +receptam & usitatam, quàm <span class = "greek" title = +"emplaston">ἔμπλαστον</span>, <span class = "greek" title = +"kention">κέντιον</span>, & <span class = "greek" title = +"mêlôtida">μηλωτιδα</span> dicere sine <span class = "greek" title = +"rho">ῥ.</span> litera, etsi ab <span class = "greek" title = +"emplattein">ἐμπλάττειν</span>, <span class = "greek" title = +"kentein">κέντειν</span>, <span class = "greek" title = "mêlês te kai +ôtos [both ‘mêlês’ and ‘ôtos’]">μηλής τε καὶ ὠτὸς</span> oriantur, in +quibus <span class = "greek" title = "rho [letter]">ῥ.</span> litera non +est. Tanti erat apud illum consuetudo. Docet etiam eo in libro, quem +contra eos scripsit qui reprehendant solæcismum facientes in sermone, +ipsos quoque Atticos +<span class = "pagenum">18</span> +secutos esse eam quæ in loquendo præualuit consuetudinem. Tradiderunt +item qui ante Galenum fuerunt, docti viri (ut ipse refert) Atticam +linguam varijs modis corruptam atque à proprietate sua viciatam, secutos +tamen esse eam quæ suo tempore inoleuit consuetudinem omnes, qui apud +Græcos ullum præcellentis doctrinæ nomen consecuti sunt, idem refert. +Cum ergo (inquit) in omnibus libris medicinalibus, <span class = "greek" +title = "emplastron">ἔμπλαστρον</span> cum <span class = "greek" title = +"rho">ῥ.</span> scriptum inuenimus, & nos quoque quòd inualuit +consuetudine, in loquendo & scribendo utendum censuimus. Hæc +hactenus Galenus. Eretriensibus quoquè consuetum est <span class = +"greek" title = "rho [letter]">ῥ.</span> pro <span class = "greek" title += "sigma [letter]">σ.</span> proferre, ut <span class = "greek" title = +"sklêrotêr">σκληρότηρ</span> pro <span class = "greek" title = +"sklêrotês">σκληρότης</span>, (unde prouerbium Eretriensium <span class += "greek" title = "rhô">ῥω</span>). Atheniensibus contra, ut <span class += "greek" title = "tharsein">θαρσείν</span> pro <span class = "greek" +title = "tharrhein">θαῤῥεῖν</span>, utrobique si euertas usum, +notaberis, et derideberis. Nec Græci solùm (ut dixi) sed Latini quoquè +hanc secuti sunt consuetudinem. Nam Ciceronis ætate inualuit stator, pro +apparitore seu tabellario, ut ex epistola eius ad Caninium atque Celsum +scire licet: ex Planci quoque ad Ciceronem. At Ulpiani & Iustiniani +temporibus, strator inoleuit in eadem significatione, addita r. litera +in prima syllaba. Secuti tamen sunt eorum temporum morem qui insecuti +sunt Spartiatus in Caracalla, & qui de iure scripserunt præcipui. +Itaque quemadmodum in vocibus atque literis si +<span class = "pagenum orig">(22)</span> +quid innouaueris, reprehenderis, nisi consuetudo uniuersalis patietur, +ita in pronunciatione. Prætereo quemadmodum hodiè quantitates +syllabarum, longas in breues, & breues in longas mutent, faciantque +in muliere secundam longam, et tertiam breuem, cum tamen Ouidius Naso in +hoc versu. Eminet & non est in muliere fides, secundam fecit breuem +& tertiam longam. Et Vergilius: Nux, asinus, mulier simili sunt lege +ligati, hæc tria nil rectè faciunt si verbera cessent. Miror quo tandem +erumpet hæc audacia, ne dicam temeritas. Si quis tamen dissentit & +suo more loqui et pronunciare cupiat, contemptis doctioribus et +uniuersali scriptorum consensu, sua cuique stet voluntas et sententia +per me, suum cuique pulchrum sit. Ego quidem nec ulterius, nec cum +quoquam acrius hac de re contendere studeo, nec bellum Grammaticale +contra quenquam instruo et suscipio (quod tam inane iudico quàm est ipsa +res inanis) sed quid conueniat +<span class = "pagenum">19</span> +tantùm consulo, quidque exteræ nationes in constantia et grauitate sua +permanentes de pronunciatione Græcæ et Latinæ linguæ sentiant, bona fide +explico. Non enim quæsitum hoc est, sed oblatum ex occasione +peregrinationis nostræ per Italian et Germaniam, ut in lib. nostro de +libris proprijs exposuimus. Cum igitur neque seria res sit hæc inepta +pronunciatio, neque ulla causæ magnitudo, nulla necessitas, nulla +commoditas rei atque gloriæ eò nos adegerit, neque plausibilis existat +doctis atquè grauibus, nec recepta Græcis, quid attinet obsoletam eam +reuocare in usum, si modò in usu prius fuit, de quo nondum constat inter +Grammaticos. Adhæc cum pronunciatio hæc noua sit planè rustica, ut ex +Adolpho Mercherio Brugensi scire licet, aut affectata nimium, quod +nostris sensibus certè patet, nec tamen uniuersalem consensum virorum +grauium et doctorum admiserit, id +<span class = "pagenum orig">(23)</span> +non arguit omnes sic pronunciasse sed aliquos: & cum ex hac +occasione magna in re literaria sequatur perturbatio omnibus omnia pro +voluntate et arbitrio præter consuetudinem commouentibus, quod in bene +constituta rep. ferendum non fuit, malum præterea exemplum æditur ad +alia grauiora. Alioqui non magni referret utro modo pronunciaretur, cum +discrimen nullum est vitæ atquè sanguinis, nulla iactura virtutis et +rei, sed inanis spiritus et anhelitus quæ res est nihili. In istis +spiritibus non est cur quis velit seriò spiritum suum consumere, tam est +res exilis atquè vana. Optandum igitur ut cum quieta iam sint omnia, et +consensu hominum uniuersali paucis tantùm exceptis confirmata vetus +pronunciatio, persequamur eam, curemusque ne perturbetur. Nam ut +innouemus nulla facit rei magnitudo ut dixi. Omnes enim vident quam sit +leuis et ridicula, nequè ut tantos motus excitemus ulla fecit +necessitas, sed hominum quorundam vanitas, dum quiuis studeat nouæ rei +nouus author haberi.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of De Pronunciatione Graecae & Latinae +Linguae, by John Caius + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DE PRONUNCIATIONE GRAECAE *** + +***** This file should be named 26570-h.htm or 26570-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/5/7/26570/ + +Produced by Louise Hope + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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