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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of Lumsden's Battery, C.S.A., by
+George Little and James Robert Maxwell
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A History of Lumsden's Battery, C.S.A.
+
+Author: George Little
+        James Robert Maxwell
+
+Release Date: August 28, 2008 [EBook #26455]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF LUMSDEN'S BATTERY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: From left to right, back row--Private Thrower, Orderly
+Sergeant George Little, Sergeant John Little, Bugler Minardo Rosser.
+Second row, left--Lieut. Harvey Cribbs; right, Artificer William
+Johnson. Front row, left--Corporal Thos. Owen, Walter Guild. Seated,
+on right--Sergeant James R. Maxwell; left, Rufus Jones or "Rube,"
+T. A. Dearing's servant.]
+
+
+
+
+A HISTORY
+_of_
+LUMSDEN'S BATTERY
+C. S. A.
+
+
+
+Written by Dr. George Little
+_and_
+Mr. James R. Maxwell
+
+
+
+Published by R. E. Rhodes Chapter
+United Daughters of the Confederacy
+Tuskaloosa, Alabama
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
+without note. Original spellings, punctuation and discrepancies have
+been retained, including the list of Privates with numerous names out
+of alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+
+This History of Lumsden's Battery was written from memory in 1905 by
+Dr. Maxwell and Dr. Little, with the help of a diary kept by Dr. James
+T. Searcy.
+
+From organization Nov. 4, 1861, to Oct. 15, 1863, this data is the work
+of Dr. George Little, from Oct. 15, 1863, to its surrender May 4, 1865,
+the work of Mr. James R. Maxwell.
+
+
+
+
+LUMSDEN'S BATTERY
+
+Its Organization and Services in the Army of the Confederate States.
+
+
+At the close of the spring term of the Circuit Court of Tuscaloosa
+County, Alabama, in May, 1861, Judge Wm. S. Mudd announced from the
+bench that Mr. Harvey H. Cribbs would resign the office of Sheriff of
+the County for the purpose of volunteering into the Army of the
+Confederate States and would place on the desk of the Clerk of the
+Court an agreement so to volunteer signed by himself, and invited all
+who wished to volunteer to come forward and sign the same agreement.
+Many of Tuscaloosa's young men signed the same day.
+
+By the end of the week following the list had grown to about 200 men.
+Capt. Charles L. Lumsden, a graduate of the Virginia Military Institute
+was commandant of Cadets at the University of Alabama and had been
+contemplating the getting up of a company for service in Light or Field
+Artillery and had been corresponding with the War Department and Army
+officers already in service concerning the matter.
+
+These volunteers, on learning this fact, at once offered themselves to
+Capt. Lumsden as a company of such artillery.
+
+Dr. George W. Vaughn, son of Edward Bressie Vaughn (who afterwards gave
+two other younger sons to the cause) and Mr. Ebenezer H. Hargrove, also
+of Tuscaloosa County, had married two Mississippi girls, sisters, the
+Misses Sykes of Columbus, Mississippi, and were engaged in planting in
+Lowndes County, Miss. Hearing of this Artillery Co. they sent their
+names to be added to the list. Dr. George Little, Professor of
+Chemistry in Oakland College, Mississippi, and his younger brother,
+John Little, Principal of the Preparatory Department, resigned their
+places and returned to Tuscaloosa to join this Company. Edward Tarrant,
+Superintendent of Education for Tuscaloosa County, had a flourishing
+educational institute called the Columbian Institute at Taylorville
+four and a half miles south of Tuscaloosa. He gave up his school and
+joined the Company, where two of his sons, Ed William and John F.,
+afterwards followed him.
+
+Joseph Porter Sykes, a nephew of the Sykes sisters, had been appointed
+by Pres. Davis a Cadet in the regular C. S. Army and at his request was
+assigned to this Company. Dr. Nicholas Perkins Marlowe and Drs. Caleb
+and Wm. Toxey served as surgeons at different times and Dr. Jarretts
+and McMichael and Dr. Hill also later. We mention these doctors who
+entered the ranks as privates as emphasizing the spirit that was moving
+the young men of the time in every trade and profession. But their
+country had too crying a need of medical men, in a few weeks, to permit
+them to continue to serve with arms in their hands, and all of them
+were soon promoted to the service for which their education fitted
+them, serving as Regimental and Brigade surgeons and high in their
+profession after the close of the war. In May the election of officers
+was held and resulted in election of Charles Lumsden, Captain; George
+W. Vaughn, Sr., First Lieutenant; Henry H. Cribbs, Jr., First
+Lieutenant; Ebenezer H. Hargrove, Sr., Second Lieutenant; Edward
+Tarrant, Jr., Second Lieutenant; Joseph Porter Sykes, Cadet.
+
+The following were appointed non-commissioned Officers:
+
+George Little, Orderly Sergeant; John Snow, Quartermaster Sergeant;
+John A. Caldwell, Sergeant; A. Coleman Hargrove, Sergeant; Sam
+Hairston, Sergeant; Wiley G. W. Hester, Sergeant; Horace W. Martin,
+Sergeant; James L. Miller, Sergeant; Wm. B. Appling, Corporals; Wade
+Brooks, J. Wick Brown, James Cardwell, Thomas Owen, Alex T. Dearing,
+Wm. Hester, Seth Shepherd, Wm. Morris, Artificer, Wheelwright; Wm.
+Worduff, Artificer, Harness; C. W. Donoho, Bugler; John Drake, Farrier.
+
+At the request of Capt. Lumsden, Dr. George Little went to Mobile and
+offered the service of the Company to Maj. Gen. Jones M. Witters, who
+accepted it and promised a six gun Battery fully equipped and ordered
+the Company to report at once for duty at Mobile. It went down on a
+service steamboat and was first quartered in a cotton warehouse,
+Hitchock's, on Water St., and mustered into service by Capt. Benjamin C.
+Yancy of the regular C. S. Army. Horses and equipments were furnished
+and the Captain was ordered to take two 24-lb. siege guns to Hall's
+mills, a turpentine still fourteen and a half miles south west of
+Mobile where Gen. Gladden was encamped with a Brigade of Infantry and
+where a battalion of artillery was organized under the command of Major
+James H. Hallonquist, a West Point graduate, and when in a camp of
+instruction we were broken into the life and duties of soldiers, a life
+very different from the experience of any of the company hitherto. On
+March 3, 1862, the command was marched to Dog River Factory, a march of
+about fifteen miles, when we boarded the Steamer Dorrance and were
+carried to Ft. Gaines on Dauphin Island at the mouth of Mobile Bay.
+
+At Ft. Gaines the drudgery of camp life was experienced in mounting
+guns, blistering hands with shovels and crowbars and noses and ears by
+the direct rays of a semi-tropical sun.
+
+When bounty money was paid to the command, another new experience was
+had by many, for released from restraints of home, church and public
+sentiment, it did not take long for many to learn to be quite expert
+gamblers. But the more thoughtful sent most of their money home to
+their families and parents, and the general sentiment being against
+such a lowering of the moral tone of the command, Capt. Lumsden issued
+orders, absolutely forbidding all gambling in the camp, with the
+approval of the great majority of his men.
+
+About this time by some unknown means, it was reported in Tuscaloosa
+that Capt. Lumsden was intemperate or addicted to drink. As soon as the
+command heard of this report, they took immediate steps to "sit down on
+the lie," to the great relief of friends and relatives at home. Neither
+then nor in any succeeding years could any such charge have been
+truthfully made against him. The boys thought this year's service
+around Mobile a tough experience. They could not keep cleanly in their
+dress nor enjoy all luxuries of life to which they had been accustomed
+but the time soon came when they could look back to their first year's
+experience of soldier life as luxurious, in comparison to rags and
+semi-starvation that afterwards fell to their lot for months at a time.
+
+Two steamboats were each making their weekly trips to Tuscaloosa and
+back. Parents and friends came and went. The least expression of a
+need, to the folks at home brought the wished for articles. Nothing was
+too good for the boys at the front and fish and oysters were abundant
+in season. The latter were in those days only considered eatable in the
+R. months, as the saying was: i.e., during the months whose names
+contained the letter R. So that from May to August, the poor things
+could enjoy life without the fear of man. Ice was not then available to
+preserve them during the summer months.
+
+At Fort Gaines, Lt. Cribbs was given charge of the Ordnance Department.
+In the early spring, the company received as recruits from Tuscaloosa
+many good men. Feb. 24, 1862 there arrived with Lt. Tarrant, James T.
+Searcy, John Chancellor, James Manly, Ed. King, Jno. Molette, T. Alex
+Dearing and ten or twelve others, E. R. Prince, Jas. F. Prince. It is
+from a personal diary kept by James T. Searcy that much of this first
+and second year's experience of the command has been culled and all of
+the dates.
+
+On the trip down the boat "scraped the woods" considerably, butted out
+one tree by the roots, butted another that staggered the boat without
+injuring the tree, but left about twenty feet of the guards in the
+water as the tree's trophy in the encounter. Such incidents were in
+those days quite common in steamboat travel in low water.
+
+Mumps, measles and kindred camp diseases made their usual inroads on
+the health of the command, and many of them had to spend a part of the
+time in the hospital in Mobile, George W. Smith and James L. Miller
+among them.
+
+Major Hallonquist was in command of the Artillery at Ft. Gaines but on
+April 4th was ordered to join Gen. Bragg at Corinth, Tenn., and Col.
+Melanclhan Smith took command of the Fort. Officers and men were
+longing to meet the enemy in battle.
+
+At Ft. Gaines, a few Yankee vessels blockading could be seen in the
+distance, but the monotony was wearing, and each commanding officer was
+pulling all possible ropes to secure orders to proceed to the front, in
+this case to Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston's army near Corinth. Capt.
+Lumsden got promises but by perhaps some political pull Gage's Mobile
+battery secured the deserved privilege to report at Corinth and in the
+battle of Shiloh got badly cut up and after the battle was ordered back
+to Mobile to recuperate and Lumsden's was ordered to Corinth and given
+the same guns and equipment.
+
+On Sundays near Mobile Dr. Hill, a private, often officiated as a
+preacher so that during this first year, Sundays could be distinguished
+from the other days of the week. He was from near Columbus,
+Mississippi, and a practicing physician as well. Tuesday, April 15,
+1862, three days after the battle of Shiloh, found the command at
+Corinth, having left Mobile on Monday and it took possession of Gage's
+guns, etc., on April 16th, got tents 4:00 p.m. April 17th, so for the
+first time for two nights, they slept on the ground in the open air, a
+new thing then, the general rule thereafter.
+
+Several Tuscaloosa Doctors were near Corinth, assisting in caring for
+the wounded, amongst them Drs. Leland and Cochrane. Even to see so many
+gathered as in this first army was a new sight and experience to these
+raw troops.
+
+On April 23rd the battery was attached to Chalmers Brigade, and marched
+twelve miles over awful roads of sticky mud and water to Monterey,
+where everything was next morning put in line of battle but the rifle
+and cannon firing was a mere reconnaissance of the enemy and all hands
+bivouaced in place on the wet ground.
+
+Here much sickness prevailed and the rains were continuous. The
+hospital tent was soon filled and on one day Orderly Sergeant Little,
+out of a roll of 170 men took to a church in Corinth used as a hospital
+in charge of Dr. N. P. Marlowe, sixty men sick. They had measles,
+pneumonia, erysipelas, typhoid fever and chronic diarrhea. At this
+evacuation of Corinth, the battery had barely enough men to drive the
+horses and Gen. Chalmers made a detail from the 10th Mississippi
+infantry to fill out the company.
+
+Want of vegetable food, drinking water from seep wells and exposure to
+cold rains caused the sickness. It was general in the army and probably
+made necessary the retreat to Tupelo when, with better water, the
+company and army quickly secured usual health. The evening of May 3,
+1862 and that night found company under arms in line of battle with
+Chalmer's Brigade, but no enemy appeared. Within two weeks ending May
+8th, five of the men died: Fulgham, Hall, Hyche, Sims and Lingler. They
+gave their lives to the cause.
+
+To die in hospital was harder, much harder, than to die in the
+excitement of battle, on the field. J. T. Searcy was unable to walk
+from a carbuncle on his knee.
+
+On Friday, May 9th, one section of two guns with their complement of
+men, having been sent forward on Monterey road, at noon opened fire on
+a considerable body of Yankee Infantry and a battery near Farmington.
+The battery replied and a considerable duel was fought. Lumsden had no
+causalities, but did fine shooting, as scouts reported, who passed over
+ground that had been occupied by the enemy, that quite a number of
+bodies were left by them on the field. This was the first time under
+fire and their action was commended by the General in command. The
+other section was on the Purdy road at the time, but did not get
+engaged.
+
+On May 9th, Friday, two new scouts reached the battery from Tuscaloosa,
+Chas. J. Fiquet and John Little, the latter having given up a good
+position in a Mississippi College.
+
+On the 8th a gentleman named Bozeman came to the command and proved up
+his son to be a minor, thus releasing him from service. The battery
+remained near Tupelo about two months. Lieutenant Vaughn left the
+battery here on sick furlough. On July 26th battery left Tupelo for
+Chattanooga, Tennessee marching through Columbus, Mississippi, and
+Tuscaloosa, Alabama. On Sunday, Aug. 3rd, at Columbus many of the
+command were glad of the opportunity to attend church once more, in
+civilized fashion, with friends and relatives of many of the command.
+Nothing was too good to be lavished upon the soldier boys. Before
+reaching Columbus, Gen. Bragg in passing the column noticed Lt. Cribb's
+condition; inquired about him and ordered that he report at
+Headquarters on reaching Columbus. When Lt. Cribbs did so, Gen. Bragg
+furnished him one of his ambulances and ordered him to Tuscaloosa
+ahead, to stay until recovered. John A. Caldwell was sent with him. He
+was down with camp fever for some weeks and reached the battery again
+near Cumberland Gap, after the retreat from Kentucky.
+
+On Friday, Aug. 8th, the Battery reached Tuscaloosa where it remained
+with the home people until Sunday, the 16th.
+
+For one week, they had the freedom of the city and county, and were
+with their families at their own homes for the last time 'till the
+close of the war.
+
+Leaving Tuscaloosa, Aug. 16th, for one week they were on the road to
+Chattanooga and all sorts of a time was experienced. Some "coon juice"
+"tangle-foot" was occasionally in evidence and caused some exhilaration
+and subsequent depression and some insubordination temporary. One good
+man, the Captain felt compelled to buck near Ringston, Ga., and some
+excitement was created among the men thereby. It is often hard for
+volunteers to submit to punishment of that sort even when deserved, but
+patriotism prevented any outbreak among the party's friends.
+
+Sunday, August 31st, found the battery near a little town called
+Dunlap, the county seat of Sequatchie County, Tennessee, having been
+crossing the Cumberland mountains for two days. Thence to Sparta, White
+County, Tennessee on Sept. 6th on an air line 40 miles from Dunlap, but
+much more over the Cumberland mountain route. Friday, Sept. 19th, found
+the battery on a hill overlooking the Federal fort at Munfordville,
+Kentucky, having marched from Sparta some 120 miles during the 12
+preceding days. Part of time in bivouac at Red Sulphur Springs, part of
+the time marching, drenched to the skin for 24 hours at a stretch,
+passing Glasgow and Cave City. At midnight of Tuesday the 16th, the
+Federal force in the front surrendered and the next day marched out and
+surrendered their arms, with due pomp and circumstances of war, 4200
+men well clad in new uniforms of blue. Sergeant Little says, he had the
+night before one corn nubbin and that day a piece of pumpkin of the
+size of two fingers and sat on the fence eating it, while the prisoners
+stacked arms and thought of the 10th Satire of Juvenal and the vanity
+of military glory.
+
+As our General entered the Fort, he volunteered as an aid to Gen. Bragg
+and passed the picket line and seeing a box of crackers on the side of
+the hill resigned the honorary position on the Staff and began
+foraging. Just as he had filled his haversack, he was halted by a
+sentinel and told that it was against Gen. Bragg's orders, whereupon he
+desisted, but soon found another box and filled his "nose bag" with
+crackers and returned to the battery, giving Capt. Lumsden and others a
+cracker apiece until all were exhausted and he then distributed a
+handfull of crumbs to the rest of the men.
+
+On Sept. 22nd at Hagonsville, on 23rd at Bardstown, through a land
+flowing with milk and honey, but themselves out of bread and living on
+parched corn.
+
+There was at Bardstown a Catholic College and some of the men purchased
+here paper and envelopes and Dr. Little going through the library saw a
+volume of Humboldt's Kasmas and on telling the Librarian that he had
+breakfasted with Humboldt in 1858, at the home of the American
+Minister, Gov. Wright of Indiana, at Berlin, Prussia, he told him that
+this was an odd volume and he could have it. While reading it the next
+day, seated on the top of a rail fence, he was called off suddenly by
+an order for the battery to move and the battle of Perryville was on,
+after the fight he returned to look for his book and the fence had
+disappeared to make a temporary breastwork and the ground was
+disfigured by the debris of battle.
+
+Battery remained in camp in a beech grove for 11 days until Saturday,
+Oct. 4th, and surely did enjoy the rest and the hospitality of many of
+the citizens, who visited the camp daily. Buell's army was at
+Louisville and to the southwest of that city and the close proximity of
+the enemy, prevented much foraging at any distance from camp, for there
+was a liability of a call to arms at any moment. Yet some of the
+available supplies of the country fell to our lot, both eatable and
+drinkable. Frank's forge was kept busy. Vandiver told his yarns about
+his brother-in-law in Arkansas. Shepard's discourses came with heavy
+weight through his ponderous beard. Peterson and his crowd entertained
+the camp with music and song describing how "He sighed and she sighed
+and she sighed again and she fatched another sigh and her head dropped
+in." Billy Buck, Reuben, and Isham (Caldwell's servant) cooking biscuit
+and meat and pumpkins.
+
+Charley Fiquet and others watching the cooking wistfully, a little
+having to go a long ways. All these remembrances of the camp near
+Bardstown pass in review, and then it is remembered that we had a foot
+deep of wheat straw, between our bodies and the wet earth, under the
+stretched blanket or tarpaulin. All this while the regular military
+duties, to care for man and beast go forward in regular routine, and
+all ready at a moment's notice to be rushed into line of battle at some
+indicated move of the enemy.
+
+On Oct. 4th leaving vicinity of Bardstown, the battery passed through
+Springfield, just as citizens were leaving church on the 5th Sunday,
+and on the 6th passed through Perryville and on to within a mile of
+Harrodsburg and bivouaced for the night.
+
+On Tuesday 7th, the command retraced its march back to within two miles
+of Perryville, sleeping at their guns during the night.
+
+Next morning Lumsden's and Selden's (Montgomery, Alabama) Batteries
+opened the fight in a duel with two Yankee batteries, Lumsden going
+forward into the battle and unlimbering under fire of the enemy, losing
+one horse from the fourth gun.
+
+The fighting was severe during two hours, 4:00 p.m. to dark. Sims and
+another man were wounded in the head by pieces of shell and Goodwyn by
+rifle ball. The 4th piece was dismounted and two more horses killed,
+then our infantry charged and drove the enemy for two miles with
+considerable loss to the Federals.
+
+The battery fired about 2000 rounds, the distance being about one half
+mile and after the battle, the battery opposing us was seen knocked all
+to pieces, horses piled up and haversacks and canteens strewn over the
+ground, while in rear was a long line of knapsacks and overcoats laid
+down by the infantry before going into battle and left in their hurried
+retreat. Many of our men secured blue overcoats which they wore until
+the close of the war. Sergt. Little says he saw a thousand of them but
+never thought of securing any booty, but that night as it was very
+cold, paid a member of the company $7.00 for one which he wore until it
+was shot off him at Nashville.
+
+Eventually Yankees fell back nine miles. The ground was strewed with
+Yankee dead, overcoats, canteens, muskets etc. Lumsden got wheels from
+Captain Greene to fix up the dismounted gun and remained in field until
+noon the next day. This was Lumsden's first battle with the whole
+battery. Leaving battle field about noon next day, the battery passed
+through Harrodsburg and on Sunday the 12th passed Camp Dick Robinson
+and on through Lancaster on the 13th toward Chab Orchard, the army
+retreating through Cumberland Gap, via Wild Cat, through a very poor
+and thinly settled country, mostly mountains. Troops lived on parched
+corn and beef broiled on coals without salt.
+
+Private Kahnweiler was left sick at Munfordville, Sergt. James Cardell,
+at Harrodsburg. Private Wooley and Bates missing after Perryville,
+supposed to have been killed.
+
+At Camp Dick Robinson, we buried some cannons in an apple orchard
+inscribed with Spanish to prevent the Yankees getting them. Here were
+4000 barrels of pork, that had been collected from the country and a
+good many barrels of whiskey, for which there was no transportation and
+they were burned. Bushwhackers lined the route to Cumberland Gap and it
+was not safe to get away from the main road.
+
+Near Knoxville on Saturday, Oct. 25th, members of the company who had
+been left behind sick at commencement of the Kentucky campaign rejoined
+the company. Letters from home, decent clothing and more rations made
+the men feel better, yet still clothing was too thin for on Oct. 26th
+the whole army found itself covered with a blanket of snow about
+daylight which continued to fall the entire day. At Knoxville, Dr.
+Moore of the company died as also Dr. Jarrett's negro man Wash. Henry
+Donoho rejoined command. Ed King was left at Knoxville sick and Brown
+was transferred to the Ordnance Department.
+
+Nov. 9th found battery again at Dunlap, Tenn., whence it went to
+Shelbyville by the 25th.
+
+On Thursday, Nov. 27th, Sergt. Horace Martin was detailed to go to
+Tuscaloosa to obtain clothing for the company. Lt. Eb Hargrove left
+same day on furlough. Friday, Dec. 5th, it was snowing heavily, but the
+orders were received to cook two day's rations and be ready to move by
+12:00 o'clock but weather proved too bad for any movement.
+
+On Dec. 7th John F. Tarrant got his discharge for disability. Left
+Shelbyville on Dec. 7th, travelled pike 6 or 8 miles and bivouaced for
+night. A stable made quite comfortable quarters for as many as it would
+hold. On Monday marched through Unionville to one and a half miles from
+Eaglesville and camped. Friday, Dec. 20th, Eaglesville to Murfreesboro,
+joining again Reserve Battalion and meeting Wick Brown just arrived
+with three boxes of goods from Tuscaloosa, bringing something for
+nearly everybody.
+
+On Dec. 28th Capt. Lumsden started for Richmond, Va., sick, taking
+Corporal Sheperd with him. Lt. Cribbs was left in charge of the reserve
+artillery, and Lt. Ed Tarrant in command of the Battery.
+
+On Dec. 30th the rifle section was ordered to report to Gen.
+Breckenridge on the extreme right of the army, facing the enemy on
+Stone River north of Murfreesboro. The other section was in position in
+yard of Mr. Spence's negro quarters but was moved nearer to the enemy
+later in the afternoon where it remained all next day, the 31st of
+Dec., 1862.
+
+
+Murfreesboro
+
+Dec. 31, 1862, most of the fighting was on the left wing when our
+forces drove the Federals back several miles.
+
+The battery was first stationed on the right, near a vacated house on a
+hill. Here we found a barrel partly full of seconds unbolted wheat
+flour and a skillet and we made up some biscuit and after the first
+batch was cooked, the order came to move and we wrapped up the dough in
+a cloth and that night after crossing Stone River and throwing up some
+breastworks we cooked the balance on the shovels we had used for
+ditching.
+
+The battery was in an open field, in front of a large brick house on a
+high hill where Rosecrang had massed his batteries after his right had
+been driven back to a right angle with its first position. This was a
+pivotal position and the point where the General is said to have
+remarked after his first day's disaster, "Bragg is a good dog, but
+Holdfast is better." Breckenridge made an attack on this position and
+as he rode into the fight, I thought him the finest looking man I had
+ever seen on horseback. But the position was too strong to be taken,
+although Bragg was in person on the field not far from us. That night
+at mid-night, the order came to hitch up and leave. One of the drivers
+reported that the horses hitched to the pole of one of the caissons,
+had eaten off about three feet of the seasoned oak pole. I told him to
+tie an extra pole under the one gnawed to a point with the halters from
+the horses and we marched off in retreat. The horses were almost
+starved as well as the men. After going a little way on the pike, the
+column halted and the men marched by barefooted some of them on the
+frozen pike, while we built up a fire and Sergt. Hargrove, standing in
+front of it, had half the tail of his overcoat burned off before the
+warmth reached his skin.
+
+Marching all night, we met Dr. Leland next morning, muddy as if he had
+been on a fox hunt in "Bear Heaven" and Jim Craddock, a noted dude,
+with his coat neatly buttoned and his collar clean. He was said to
+sleep lying on his back in a tent with ten or a dozen men, and never
+turned or moved lest he should disorder his clothing. But he was a
+brave soldier. Lt. Cribbs had his horse killed and several from the
+battery were lost here, the breastworks were nothing but rail piles
+from an old fence.
+
+For three days after the two armies faced each other and on the night
+of Jan. 3, 1863, Bragg's army retreated.
+
+On Jan. 4th Confederate scouts went six miles north of Murfreesboro
+beyond the battle field but found no enemy. Both armies had retreated.
+In the evening of the 4th Federals began to advance, slowly feeling
+their way. Corporal James T. Searcy remained a prisoner at Murfreesboro
+to attend to wants of his brother Reuben, fatally wounded and left in
+hospital. He was exchanged at City Point near Petersburg, Va., April
+12, 1863, and reached the battery at Estelle Springs, Tenn., on April
+20th.
+
+The reserve artillery encamped here until spring under Major Felix H.
+Robertson. He kept all hands busy from early morn till dewy eve,
+policing camp when not engaged in drill. Evidently he believed that
+"Satin finds some mischief still for idle hands to do." Friends and
+acquaintances from Tuscaloosa were on hand often during spring and
+boxes of supplies had been frequent arrivals.
+
+May 14, 1863, on Thursday night orders came for 2 day's rations to be
+cooked up and to be ready to move by 6:00 a.m. Friday.
+
+We moved out through Tullahoma and Roseland and camped four miles from
+Shelbyville and ordered to clear ground for our pack of artillery.
+Remained till June 5th, ordered to report to Gen. Clayton's Brigade.
+Two days march in mud and rain toward Murfreesboro, was the sum total
+of our service with him for on Saturday night, June 6th, we were back
+with the Reserve Artillery again. Some of our men were great hunters
+and when Shuttlesworth caught an old coon with her litter of young
+ones, he gave a feast to his friends. Lt. Tarrant resigned, returned to
+Tuscaloosa and raised another Artillery company of which he became
+captain and Sette Shepherd as Lieutenant and Wm. Tarrant also.
+
+On June 26th Battery marched to Tullahoma and was unlimbered in battery
+as if for a fight with 2nd section in a fort but on Tuesday, the 30th,
+took line of march for the Cumberland mountains through rain and mud
+through Alezonia to Decherd where guns and ammunition boxes were put on
+train wagons and carriages marched toward Sewanee or the University of
+the South. On July 5th, crossed Tennessee river on pontoon bridge after
+a weary march over hills and mountains through mud and rain. July 7th,
+Tuesday, Corp. Searcy was appointed Sergeant Major of Battalion thus
+removing him from the company.
+
+Lt. Cribbs returned from Tuscaloosa on Friday night, July 10th, with a
+lot of supplies for the company, which he found at the foot of Lookout
+mountain near Chattanooga, we remained till Sept. 10th, and then were
+assigned to Breckenridge's Division for a week just arrived from
+Mississippi minus artillery. On Sept. 16th, again with Reserve near
+Lafayette. The two armies were on the move, maneuvering for position,
+culminated in battle of Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863.
+
+The whole army itching for a fight, while encamped at Tullahoma an
+examining board had been appointed for Artillery officers for service
+in the Ordnance Department consisting of Col. Wm. Leroy Brown of the
+Richmond Arsenal; Col. H. Oladowski, Chief of Ordnance of Bragg's army
+and Lt. Col. James H. Kennard, Chief of Ordnance Officer Hardee's
+Corps. Orderly Sergeant Little went before this Board on Wednesday for
+the Lieutenant's examination and on Friday for that of Captain and
+having made the highest average in either the army of Tennessee or that
+of Virginia was ordered to report for duty at the C. S. Central
+Laboratory at Macon, Ga., to Lt. Col. John William Mallett,
+Superintendent of Laboratories. He remained there until he knew the
+battle was imminent at Chickamauga and applied for and secured a four
+day's leave of absence to join Lumsden's Battery, which he learned at
+Gen. Bragg's headquarters was some twenty miles distance at Lafayette.
+Col. Hallonquist was then Chief of Artillery and offered him the
+command of Gaskin's Battery from Brookhaven, Mississippi, whose Captain
+was absent on sick leave. With the consent of the Lieutenants, he
+accepted this proposition and took charge of this Battery during the
+battle of Chickamauga under Major Gen. W. H. Walker who was killed at
+Atlanta on duty and was assigned to Gen. Bragg's staff as assistant to
+the chief of Ordnance and afterwards served as Ordnance Officer of
+Clayton's Brigade, then of the Division of Cleburne, Bate, Brown
+Chetham, and of the corps of D. H. Hill, Breckenridge and Hardee and
+after a temporary command of the University of Alabama section of
+artillery during Wilson's raid into Alabama, closed his service with
+Gen. Howell Cobb at Macon, Ga., having been in meantime assigned to
+duty as Chief of Ordnance Officer as Lt. Col. of Artillery, of Hardee's
+Corps army of Tennessee. During the battle of Chickamauga Lumsden had
+one private--Screniver--killed, several wounded, one gun dismounted and
+temporarily captured. Several men captured, among them Chas. Jerome
+Fiquet, Jr. The gun was recovered next day, but was replaced by a
+better one captured from the enemy, with which Sept. 25th they kept up
+a slow fire on the enemy's breastworks at Chattanooga.
+
+The battery was soon withdrawn from the besieging lines and joined the
+camp of Robertson's Battalion at the foot of Lookout mountain,
+reporting to Gen. Longstreet. Here about Oct. 15, 1863, the battery
+received a recruit in the person of James R. Maxwell. He had since
+April 1, 1862, been serving as a cadet from University of Alabama Corps
+drill master with the 34th Alabama Regiment of Infantry, Col. J. C. B.
+Mitchell but on the rolls of company C. of said Regiment as a private.
+He obtained a transfer and reported for duty to Capt. Lumsden at this
+place. Prior to this date these reminiscences have been written up from
+a diary kept by Sergeant Major James T. Searcy, up to July 24, 1863,
+date of last entry, finishing up the Tullahoma campaign of the spring
+of 1863 and from a few of Mr. Searcy's letters home thereafter. The
+succeeding pages, covering the services and camp incidents of the
+command are written entirely from memory by the author. Dates verified
+as far as possible from official records. On being transferred to this
+command, I had with me a negro body servant named Jim Bobbett, taken
+from my father's plantation, whence he left a wife, but no children. He
+was allowed to come at his own request, and had been with me from the
+time I entered service as drill master of the 34th Alabama. There were
+perhaps a dozen or more servants connected with the Battery, some
+belonging to commissioned officers, others to privates, all subject to
+their master's orders, but of course subject to control by the officers
+of the company also. Without any legislation or orders of army
+commanders, such servants were part and parcel of the commands to which
+their owners belonged, and cheerfully did their part in connection with
+the commissaries of their commands, being utilized largely as company
+cooks. For such service they were welcomed by the commisary department
+and got their share of the rations, but I do not think they were ever
+enrolled, as a matter of record. Their masters wanted them, and the
+hardships of a soldier's life were very much ameliorated by them. As a
+rule they were liked by all, and were glad to assist any and all
+soldiers for small rewards and even for personal thanks. They were
+great foragers, for their masters first, and next for their own and
+their master's friends. The officers at this time where Capt. Chas. L.
+Lumsden and Second Lt. A. C. Hargrove, Lt. H. H. Cribbs was at home
+sick and soon afterwards resigned. The weather was stormy, rains came
+in deluges and bridges between camp and Chickamauga station were washed
+away, cutting off our supplies. Forage getting short, Capt. Lumsden
+detailed perhaps 20 men to go on horses over into Wills Valley to the
+west of Lookout mountain. The road to be traveled was the dirt road
+skirting the base of the cliff about half way up the mountain, above
+the Tennessee river opposite the Moccasin bend. The Federals had a
+battery entrenched on Moccasin Point, just across the river. The detail
+left before day and passed the danger point before it was light enough
+to be seen. By mid-day sufficient forage of corn and fodder had been
+obtained. Each horse and mule resembled a perambulating haystack, for
+it was loaded with two big sacks filled with corn on each side and as
+many bundles of fodder as could be tied on with ropes.
+
+Sergeant John Little had charge of the squad, containing among others
+Alex Dearing, Ed King, Rufe Prince, Dave Jones and other names not
+remembered. It was a sort of picnic. The men bought chicken, butter and
+butter milk and got the farmers women to cook for them. Dave Jones
+bought a bee gum of honey and had a time getting out the honey, with
+all the crowd assisting. Then again it was good for sore eyes to loaf
+around in a farmer's front yard and his door steps and see his wife and
+daughters flitting about, and every now and then get to talk to them a
+little. Calico dresses and sun bonnets perhaps, but they were a treat
+to the soldiers, who were tired of seeing nothing but men for so long.
+The detail put off having to pass the front of that battery so long as
+they could and had their frolic out. But they had to pass that point in
+daylight, in order to have time to get over the balance of that
+mountain road, with each animal loaded in the manner it was. There was
+no way of dodging it. There were rocks and woods and cuts in the road,
+that would protect on each side, but sight in front of the battery for
+perhaps forty yards or more on the road was cut out of the precipice,
+and for that distance it was a "run of the gauntlet." Arriving at the
+place, the men crowded the cut on the west side of each man on his
+animal made ready and as his name was called, at perhaps 30 yards
+interval, he made his rush as fast as he could persuade his animal to
+go.
+
+The enemy could only take pot shots at one animal and not at a crowd.
+Those Yankees surely had sport, but they did not get to fire each of
+their four guns many times before all were past the bald place without
+the loss of man or animal. They yelled and we yelled back that they
+could not shoot worth "shucks." They shelled the woods along the route,
+but our men were out of sight and did not tarry till each reached some
+cover, when he halted for them to ease up, which they soon did not
+being able to see anything to shoot at. They had their fun target
+shooting. Our boys had the fun of dodging. As there were no casualties,
+it could always be looked back upon, with a sportsman point of view, as
+one of our funny episodes. A few days thereafter camp was moved over
+beyond the top of Missionary Ridge, about Oct. 23rd into a woodland
+location, with plenty of spring and creek water nearby. To soldiers in
+camp a living spring was a blessing, as it was the only security
+against contamination and consequent disease.
+
+Supposing the camp might turn out to be winter quarters, a long shelter
+was built to cover about 100 horses, with troughs made from hollow logs
+and racks for long forage. The men began to arrange themselves in
+congenial "messes" and to build pole cabins with fire places of sticks
+and mud plaster, and "bunks."
+
+At the camp a lot of boxes of provisions and clothing arrived in charge
+of Mrs. Jane Durrett from Tuscaloosa for different Tuscaloosa boys.
+This good patriotic lady would leave her home and husband on a
+Tuscaloosa County farm and take charge of batches of supplies,
+provisions, clothing, etc., for officers or men. She saw to it, that
+every box was delivered to the soldier to whom it was sent. No man
+could have done this work as she did it. Neither the pompous little
+Lieutenant in charge of a provost guard, nor train guard, nor
+commanders of posts, nor the General in command of an army had any
+terrors for her. They were all means to be lent to the service that she
+was on. In the car, where her boxes went, she went, when she got with
+them, as far as railroad could carry her goods, her quick Irish wit and
+flattering tongue would soon get an order from some competent artillery
+for wagons and drivers and an ambulance for herself, to take her goods
+to their destination, and she delivered them in person to whomsoever
+they had been sent, officers or privates. She served one equally as
+heartily as the other. Of course she had to rough it, and see much
+hardship and exposure, but she gloried in so serving her country. She
+had several sons in the army doing their duty also, as became men from
+such stock. Jim Bobbett, my body servant, Rube, Alex Dearing's man and
+some of the other company darkies had also been south on the railroad
+looking out for supplies. Our messenger got a big fat gobbler, we
+cooked him in a big three legged cast iron wash pot. Mr. Menander
+Rosser reminds me that Dr. James T. Searcy, (now Superintendent of the
+Alabama Bryce Hospital for the Insane) was boss of that job, he put in
+good time for some days previous to the feast in stuffing corn meal
+dough down that turkey's throat, to make sure of his being good and fat
+at the proper time. Can you see the picture, Searcy on a log, gobbler
+between his knees, left forefinger and thumb prying open the gobbler's
+mouth, while the balance of his left hand kept the neck straight up;
+right hand rolling up enormous bread pills and forcing them into the
+gobbler's mouth, and manipulating them down to the craw. Henry Donoho
+holding the bread pan assisting in rolling the pills. Several others of
+the mess, much interested in the operation, scattered around. We first
+parboiled him till nearly tender, with an oven lid covering the pot.
+Then we filled him with biscuit and hard-tack crumbs and pieces of fat
+bacon, and cut onions and sage and the chopped gizzard and liver, all
+mixed; boiling down the water meanwhile to a rich gravy. Then we put
+the stuffed turkey in again, put on the cast oven lid heaping red hot
+oak and hickory coals on top and under the pot. If the reader knows
+something about cooking, it is plain that this gobbler was cooked to a
+delightful brown, brown all over, with the juice oozing out of his
+skin. And that turkey was not all of that dinner. Out of the boxes from
+home came material for mashed potatoes, boiled rice, cowpeas, bread and
+biscuit and butter, and dried peaches for a big "biled cat" for dessert
+with butter and brown sugar for sauce. "Biled Cat"! Eat "Biled Cat!"
+Yes, indeed! Soldiers thought "biled cat" good enough for any body. Its
+composition was biscuit dough, rolled out into a sheet one-fourth of an
+inch thick, spread with stewed dried apples or peaches, seasoned with
+sugar and spice and everything nice, to another half inch in thickness;
+rolled up into a long roll and then rolled up in a clean towel or flour
+sack, tied up and dropped into a pot of boiling water and boiled until
+done. When done the cloth unrolled and the contents cut into sections
+one-half an inch thick and deluged with "butter and sugar" sauce, it
+delightfully filled all the spaces and perhaps somewhat distended a
+Confederate soldier's stomach, who had already enjoyed a real good
+turkey and fixings dinner. What a change that was from the regular
+daily diet of corn pone and rancid bacon, boiled with cowpeas
+containing about three black weevils to the pea. As some declared most
+of the peas were already seasoned enough without any bacon. At such
+times soldiers would live lavishly. They knew, "we are here today,
+where we shall be tomorrow, no one can tell." We enjoyed our good
+things while we could. When they were gone, we would get back to
+cornbread and bacon or beef hash or boiled beef as best we could, and
+very often the transition "was awful sudden." In winter quarters, we
+might be saving, and make good things last as long as possible but in
+intervals of a campaign, we would live whilst we could and "take no
+thought for the morrow."
+
+While on the subject of "grub," who of us does not think of our
+efficient "boss" cook, Tom Potts? Can not each of us see him now in
+this camp behind Missionary Ridge. There he sits day and night (except
+perhaps 9:00 or 10:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m. when he sleeps) in his split
+bottom chair, in front of the center pole of his tent. Behind him his
+wall tent, each side piled up with boxes and barrels and sacks of meal,
+flour, salt, sugar, bacon, the only man in camp who always has a good
+tent because it is absolutely a necessity. A tall, slouch-shouldered
+man, wide brim felt hat, black hair almost to his shoulders, complexion
+very dark, long black moustache and whiskers and eternally, when awake,
+a big black meerschaum in his mouth, puffing away. Very quiet, slow
+soft spon, he occasionally gives some directions about the cooking to
+the negroes and to the white soldiers detailed to cook. He is nothing
+of a hustler, but he has directed negroes from his boyhood up and is as
+efficient a "boss cook" as the army contained without any bluster. Six
+or eight feet in front of him, a big hickory oak fire, say ten feet
+long, with glowing coals under the logs, skillets, ovens and pots all
+occupied in baking bread or boiling beef under the hands of the negro
+men, who delighted in the work and joke and grin and laugh or jump out
+and dance part of a jig, whilst another claps his hands and pats knees
+for the music. Occasionally Potts may quietly say to his negro man,
+"Jim" I wish you would hand me a cup of water." He keeps his seat,
+drinks, hands back the cup and goes on smoking. No man in the army has
+a better colored meerschaum. On the march or while the army was in the
+trenches, rations are issued, cooked, the bread being baked and the
+beef boiled, bacon or salt pork is issued raw, the soldiers eating it
+raw, or boiled on coals, if convenient and the meat not too scant. In
+permanent camp, the soldiers drew the rations raw or cooked as they
+preferred almost always each mess preferred to do its own cooking. With
+us confederates, bread was mostly corn pone, sometimes biscuits,
+sometimes hard-tack. Cold cornbread or hard-tack crumbled into a tin
+can and boiled with perhaps a few scraps of meat was "cush" and "cush"
+tasted good, hot off the coals, after a hard day's march or fighting.
+
+The writers opinion is that the word comes from Louisana where now the
+Creole French takes his turn of corn to mill and has it ground into
+what the American calls "grits," but the Frenchman of Lousiana, calls
+it "cous cous."
+
+At one time the Confederate government experimented with a mixture of
+cowpea flour and wheat flour, for the making of a nourishing hard tack.
+Doubtless it was nourishing enough, when there was plenty of time to
+boil them soft enough to eat, but most men's teeth were not able to
+grind them. It took a hatchet of ax to break them up and the broken
+pieces resembled shiny pieces of flint rock. They were not so great a
+success for the soldier on the march as the inventor expected. Every
+day some of the officers and men would get permission to go to the top
+of the Ridge, visiting friends, in different commands, on the lines
+facing Chattanooga, so we kept in touch with what could be seen and
+heard of the situation. At the distance, the Yanks could be seen moving
+about in Chattanooga like ants in a hill and just about as much could
+be told as to what they were doing, as could be told by a man watching
+the doings of ants at a distance that will barely allow them to be
+distinguished.
+
+Soon after our big dinner, Major Robertson ordered Capt. Lumsden and
+one of the other batteries to be ready to march at dusk, taking only
+the gun detachment and guns with their carriages, leaving the caissons
+in camp with their horses and drivers.
+
+These two companies were led during the night by a guide to the
+Tennessee river at a point a few miles above Chattanooga, with all
+hands warned not to speak above a whisper and to prevent all noise of
+movement possible and placed in position, along an open field, on top
+of bank of river, between midnight and day, with the information that a
+Federal command was just across the river in camp and only picketing
+confederate soldiers along our bank. So we lay, waiting for daylight,
+some sleeping, some chatting in whispers, in as comfortable position as
+the ground afforded.
+
+Just before daylight orders were passed around to get "into battery",
+with cannoneers at posts and to load with shells, with fuses cut to 200
+yards (point blank range) and when ordered to fire, to continue to load
+and fire till ordered to cease firing and move away.
+
+Major Robertson sat his horse at a point where he had previously been
+in daylight, from which he knew he could get the first glimpse of the
+Yankee camp opposite, when it should be light enough. The other
+officers all on their horses in their proper positions in each battery,
+all drivers mounted and cannoneers at post, with guns loaded and
+primers stuck in the gun vents, lanjords in the hands of No. 4
+cannoneer. From across the river the Yankee bugle rang out with the
+"reveille", call and instantly Major Robertson's voice "Battalion!
+Ready! Fire!" Eight guns thundered almost as one and continued to fire
+each about four shots to the minute for possibly six or eight minutes,
+when a Federal battery replied. Then came Robertson's command, "Limber
+to the rear! To the right, march! Gallop!" And away we went down the
+river under the cover of the sheltering woods. A piece of shell took
+off the arm of one of Lumsden's men, near the shoulder, as we moved
+away. His name was Ray, a private from somewhere in Georgia. He was
+attended and brought to camp in the ambulance and sent back to
+hospital, whether he recovered or not, we are not sure.
+
+It developed that this little expedition was arranged the day before by
+Bragg's orders, as a sort of reconnaissance, to find out whether or not
+the Yankees had any artillery at this point, and the opposite side of
+the river. His order to Robertson was to leave at once if answered by
+artillery and not to engage in an artillery duel. All along the route
+of return to camp, the different commands in the trenches wanted to
+know what all that racket meant up the river. "We never heard guns fire
+so fast in our lives before." "We thought the ball must be about to
+open again, etc." By mid-day we were back in our camp again.
+
+The battery remained in this camp till Tuesday, Nov. 24th, the morning
+of the battle of Missionary Ridge, when camp was broken and wagons sent
+to rear with all camp equipage. The fighting part was ordered to top of
+ridge near Gen. Bragg's headquarters. There we remained with the battle
+field stretched out before us, simply ready to move, and viewing the
+great disaster to the confederate army to our left, we could take no
+part, could get to no point where needed. Below us, in our immediate
+front and to our right, our men held their own manfully. Orderlies and
+aids galloped to headquarters, orderlies and aid galloping away again.
+It filtered down to us that on our extreme left, the Yankees had gained
+the ridge and so taking our army on its left flank. In the afternoon
+came orders to us, to move to the rear. We soon found ourselves
+traveling rearward with lots of wounded infantry and so continued till
+we crossed Chickamauga creek and took a position to protect the
+crossing if necessary. Here we remained until next morning Nov. 25th
+till 9:00 a.m., the boys finding in a deserted smoke house a barrel
+about half full of beef tallow. It was broken up and distributed around
+and came in afterwards to melt up for biscuit shortening. It tasted
+very well, when biscuits were eaten hot, but to be eaten cold it is not
+to be recommended.
+
+Hastening to Chickamauga station, we found the torch had been applied
+to all the warehouses and commisary supplies that our people had been
+unable to move during the night.
+
+Gen. John Breckinridge was at the depot and ordered Capt. George
+Little, then on his staff, to get his old Kentucky Brigade and a good
+battery and place them in the breastworks around the depot to protect
+the rear in retreat.
+
+He found Lumsden's battery and they remained with the Kentuckians until
+Sherman's troops had approached within a short distance and were about
+to cut them off on the east of the railroad, when Gen. Breckinridge
+ordered them withdrawn to a ridge about one-half a mile to the east
+where Gen. Cleburne had drawn up his division. As we crossed the
+railroad, shells from Sherman's battery were falling around the depot.
+Several women were on the station platform when the first shells
+hurtled past. Some dropped to their knees in prayer. The balance
+followed the soldiers to a barn for cover. The kneeling ones were
+quickly snatched to their feet and hurried away. Despite the shelling,
+every passing confederate took time to fill his haversack with
+hard-tack, sugar or anything that came handy and to secure as big a
+slab of bacon as he could find transportation for. Our gun carriers
+were regularly festooned with "Old Ned," as the boys called bacon. On
+the first hill east of the station the battery went into position, and
+as soon as the enemy appeared, opened on them and so continued to fire
+on their advancing lines until ordered to leave the position, and away
+we went at a gallop to the next available point and into battery again.
+So we continued all that afternoon, assisting the infantry rearguard of
+the army on that road, contesting the enemy's advance as much as
+possible. When night came we continued in a slow retreat, the road
+being blocked with wagons and artillery and in terrible condition with
+mud and ruts. A mile or two per hour being the best we could do. About
+midnight we came to a point where another road joined ours, along which
+another Corps had retreated, with a high ridge ahead of us to cross,
+mud being in many places axle deep. We had gotton half way up the hill,
+when the Yanks attacked the rear squad of the other Corps below us. We
+could see the opposing rifle flashes near the foot of the hill and the
+minie balls were singing on all sides. It took all the power of the
+teams and all the men who could get hold of each wheel to get those
+wagons and artillery carriages over that hill, and out of reach of the
+enemy while the infantry rear squad held our pursuers in check with a
+midnight fight in which no man could see another twenty feet away.
+Everybody and everything was of course coated with mud, but the Yankees
+got nothing for their pains. When the pursuing forces of Osterhau's
+division, sustained by Hooker's Corps reached Ringgold gap, Cleburne
+had prepared an ambush for them and after holding them in check until
+night, repulsing successive charges and inflicting heavy loss on the
+enemy. Gen Hardie sent an order to Cleburne, who with Gen. Breckinridge
+and staff, were at the gap to withdraw the rear squad to Dalton, a
+former member of our company, by order of Gen. Breckinridge burned the
+two bridges across the Chickamauga and that night the army took
+position at Rocky face ridge where it remained until May 6, 1864. This
+ended the campaign for the year as far as the reserve artillery was
+concerned, for when we reached Dalton, we were assigned a camp ground
+and at once went to work preparing quarters for the winter the date
+being Nov. 26, 1863.
+
+In close proximity to a running brook and nearby springs we built log
+huts. Each mess was composed of individuals who associated at their own
+wills, without any interference of military rules or company officers.
+The camp was located in a nice piece of woodland, composed of oak,
+hickory, pine etc., on the western side of the brook or branch, from
+which the ground rose at a gentle slope towards the east and west, the
+flow being towards the north. On the eastern slope, just opposite the
+center of the battalion park of artillery, Major Felix H. Robertson
+located his headquarters camp, with Sergeant Major James T. Searcy as
+his aide.
+
+Ranged along the western slope, were the four batteries of four guns
+each, that composed the battalion, Lumsden's on the right, then
+Barrett's, Massingale's and Havis' batteries. Behind the guns of each
+battery were the huts of the men, about one half on each side of a wide
+street reaching back perhaps one hundred yards, at the head of which
+streets were located the quarters of the officers of the companies.
+
+Each mess built its own hut or cabin on such plan as suited themselves
+and their number of individuals. The commissioned officers of each
+company with their negro servants built their own.
+
+The general plan of each hut was about a 12 x 14 foot space, ground
+brought to a level. Two sides of 16 foot poles and back end of 14 feet
+were notched up at the corners to a height of about seven feet. The
+front end consisted of a fire place and rammed earth, with a stick and
+mud chimney and the doorway poles notched down on the side walls at top
+provided joists about 7 feet above the earthen floor, on outer ends of
+which joists, plates were laid to support the foot of the pole rafters.
+Boards of four feet in length split out from cuts of straight grained
+pine, made a water tight roof. Cracks between the logs were daubbed
+with mud which soon dried. The joists were thrown on top of them and
+gable ends of the same kind of boards that made the room. Bunks three
+or four feet wide made in two tiers were at rear end and sides bottomed
+with small poles, and broom-sedge and oak and pine leaves, with a
+blanket spread over. Four-legged slabs made good benches, but many
+split bottom chairs were obtained from country chair makers. With a
+good log fire three or four feet long in the fire place and an old
+blanket hung in the doorway, soldiers were fixed to defy the coldest
+days of winter and sleep in comfort on the coldest nights. A good fat
+bed-fellow was a luxury not to be despised and on coldest nights,
+"spooning" was the prevailing fashion with covering well tucked under.
+When one wanted to turn over, it was necessary for the other to do the
+same. Sometimes they would do so by word of command as if at drill with
+"one time and two motions."
+
+The daily military routine was "Reveille" at daybreak, stable call,
+breakfast, guard mounting, police of park and camp a citizen would call
+it, clearing up details to go out for forage and provisions. A few were
+allowed each day permits to go out into the country on private foraging
+expeditions, seeking to purchase chickens, eggs, milk, butter,
+buttermilk, vegetables, etc., gun squad drills, dinner, and in fine
+weather and good condition of the ground in afternoon often, field
+drill of which battery, with guns, caissons, teams, cannoneers, drivers
+and all stable call, supper, camp amusements of all kinds, tattoo and
+finally taps. There were two buglers in the company, Charles M. Donoho
+was at the company headquarters. He acted as messenger also. The other,
+Rufus Menander Rosser was in the same mess as the writer. One of his
+duties was to blow the Reveille call at a certain hour each morning.
+His habit was to hang his bugle on the end of house plate that extended
+at the door. One freezing night some of the boys emptied a gourd of
+water into the open mouth of the bugle, thus filling the coils of same
+with water. Next morning, at break of day, our friend Rosser essayed to
+blow "Reveille." His cheeks expand nearly to bursting, but not a note
+comes from the bugle, not even a part of a breath will pass through.
+Rosser uncovers the glowing coals amongst the ashes, pushes together
+the fire chunks and with his breath blows up a blaze and starts to
+holding bugle in same. Footsteps of boots are heard outside. They stop
+at our door and in pops the head of Lt. A. C. Hargrove with the
+question, "Rosser! why have you not blown Reveille?" But his eyes take
+in the situation, while he asks the question, and Rosser's answer,
+"Lieut., some rascal has filled my bugle and it's full of ice," is
+really not needed. Off stalks the Lieut. to find Donoho, and his bugle
+soon sings out the familiar notes. At the end of which, each man is in
+ranks, front faced by the Orderly Sergeant who calls the company roll
+and then a new day's duties are begun.
+
+Thereafter Rosser's bugle forms part of his pillow, for allowing such a
+mishap to occur again would mean extra work at some drudgery. The
+officers daily report would show up the excuses, but the boys got some
+little fun out of such tricks. We were all afraid of Major Robertson.
+His reputation was that of a harsh disciplinarian and our company was
+largely composed of young men of the highest social ranks. The fear was
+general that for some little disobedience of orders, or some infraction
+of military red-tape, some punishment might be ordered by him, that the
+culprit would rather die than submit to something degrading. We had
+some object lessons. The Major's hostler came to camp one night drunk.
+At some order of the Major, the fellow let in and gave the officer a
+vile cursing, with opprobrious epithets, called him a half "Injin",
+etc., and worse still, common rumors had it that the Major did have
+Indian blood in him and he was called generally "Comanche Robertson",
+but its only foundation was his unusually dark complexion and eyes.
+
+The sergeant of the guard was sent for and the obstreperous fellow
+forced off to the guard house. Next morning the sergeant was ordered to
+bring the poor devil to the Major's quarters, and hang him up by
+strings tied to his thumbs, with hands behind his back, till only his
+toes could touch the ground. So he was kept until he was almost frozen
+stiff. The whole command recognized the fact that the culprit deserved
+the severest kind of punishment. He was of a class that could not
+appreciate leniency and yet the men were inexpressibly shocked to see
+such torture. To see a confederate soldier subjected to brutal
+punishment under the very eyes of the insulted officer did not seem to
+be the proper thing. Had he been courtmarshalled and shot, it would not
+have shocked us half so much, but to see a white man, a volunteer
+serving the Confederacy subjected to a punishment that public opinion
+of the South would have considered brutal on even a negro slave,
+notwithstanding the recognized heinousness of the officer, went to our
+hearts.
+
+The effect on the men in the ranks was not good, the utter helplessness
+of a private was brought home to us. It was hurtful to pride as
+Confederate soldiers serving our country for duty's sake, and fear of
+officers replaces badly a soldier's pride in his work. Each soldier
+from that time feared Robertson. Had this soldier watched his chance
+and murdered the officer, and then deserted to the enemy, the general
+opinion would have been that such action was to have been expected.
+
+That such did not happen, showed that the disgrace was not keenly felt,
+by reason of the social state from which the soldier sprung, something
+on the New Orleans "wharf rat", order. One morning between midnight and
+day, one of my mess-mates was on guard at the stable lot, a mild spring
+morning, and the moon shining. He got tired "walking his post" so he
+climbed on top of the fence, under shadow of a tree and there took his
+seat overlooking the lot. He expected to be able easily to see or hear
+any inspecting officer first and to be able quietly to slide down and
+resume "walking his post" from under the shadow without being caught,
+"sitting down on a post," a disobedience of military orders always.
+
+All at once a voice just behind him, outside the fence calls out,
+"Where's the sentinel here?" and there stood the Major. "Here I am,
+Sir!" "Get down and walk your post, Sir!" "All right, Sir!" But very
+shortly after, the Corporal came from the guardhouse, with a
+Supernumerary of the guard and relieved our friend, who was marched off
+to guard quarters under arrest.
+
+Next morning he was turned over a prisoner to the charge of the
+succeeding guard, with a feeling of wonder hanging over him as to what
+sort of punishment he might expect. But he did not have to wonder long.
+The officer of the day came to guard quarters with instructions to give
+this prisoner an axe and a pick and to set him to grubbing a big pine
+stump in the battery park, i.e., the ground occupied by the gun
+carriages and caissons in regulation order. My recollection is, that
+the stump lasted our friend several days and that it took some little
+help of his body servant, Rube, in the small hours of the night to get
+that stump out of the ground.
+
+The grubber was busy about it during the day, and slept around the
+guard house fire of a night, until the stump got out of the ground.
+Then he was sent for to Battalion Headquarters and our Major gave him
+quite a gentlemanly admonition, as to such "lapse from duty," etc.,
+which was thankfully received and duly noted. Now this offense against
+military rules must needs have some punishment, and this punishment was
+received in good part, and there was no degradation in it. Our friend
+took the chances, got caught and cheerfully took his medicine without a
+shadow of ill will against the officer ordering it. Rather he was much
+obliged to him for the leniency of it. It was on a par with a quite
+common punishment imposed on soldiers, "straggling" on a march. One of
+his superior officers coming upon him a way behind his command on the
+road would say: "Well, what is the matter, Mr. Smith or Jones?" Oh! I
+just dropped out to get some water from a spring." "Were you detailed?
+Where's your canteens?" "No Sir! I just dropped out!" "All right, you
+take a rail off that fence and bring it along, and we'll go on
+together." There was no help for it. He'd have to "carry that rail." At
+least as long as the officer chose to stay along with him. When he
+wanted to ride ahead and leave the rail carrier, it would be, "Well
+Smith, I'll ride on, catch up soon, or I'll have to report you for
+straggling." Away the officer would go, down would go the rail, and
+Smith would probably catch up at the next resting place. Soldiers never
+minded such punishments inflicted in the line of military discipline.
+The more intelligent the private, the more he was cognizant of the
+necessity of discipline to an army, to prevent its disintegrating into
+a mob. The officer and the private might be close personal friends
+individually, but as soldiers, one commanded, the other obeyed.
+
+During the winter quarters, an election was held for the Junior Second
+Lieutenant, as commonly called. The two principal candidates were
+Orderly Sergeant John A. Caldwell, and private Robert W. Foster, both
+planters sons, both equally educated, and both from Tuscaloosa County.
+My impression is that Foster received the most votes, and he was of a
+most popular disposition. It is probable that Caldwell's being Orderly
+Sergeant, had lost him some votes, as no man in authority, could always
+please everybody, and be of any account.
+
+Then each candidate had to stand an examination by a Board of Officers
+in some way, Caldwell got the commission. Foster felt much that he had
+been treated unfairly and wrote out an application to be transferred to
+the Confederate Navy. This he sent to Bragg's headquarters direct, not
+up through the hands of company Battalion Officials. Bragg ordered him
+court martialled for this breach of military etiquette. The result was
+a verdict of guilty and a sentence to solitary confinement on bread and
+water diet for a certain number of days. A small log hut was built
+close to guard quarters 10x6 feet inside, 7 feet deep, without any
+door, the ceiling of heavy logs and roofed over, with the ordinary
+split boards. Foster had to climb over the wall and into the hut
+through a hole left in the ceiling for the purpose, logs were replaced,
+and roof also. His blankets of course were put in with him. His mess
+carried him, his big thick bread, and it was not all dough between the
+crusts. We do not think that water alone quenched his thirst. He had
+the sympathy of the whole command, who believed that his sentence was
+out of all reason, for a violation of military "red tape," and perhaps,
+treading on some one's corns. But Lumsden saw the ill effects, threats
+were being made to tear the hut down, and release him; and the finest
+kind of soldiers were beginning to get sulky. So he mounted his horse
+and went to Bragg's headquarters. What transpired there none of us ever
+knew, but Lumsden rode back with orders for Foster's release and
+restoration to duty. The whole thing was a mistake, first on Bragg's
+part, and lastly in the sentence placed by the officers who constituted
+the military court. A mere reprimand would have been ample, and not
+caused any sulkiness among spirited men. Forcible release of the
+prisoner would surely have resulted in serious consequences to many,
+and the possible ruining of a good command. We relate the incident as
+illustrating the traits of character of the two officers.
+
+Bragg's want of tact, and Lumsden's possession of that same quality in
+the handling of volunteer citizen soldiers. Foster had probably more
+friends than ever in the whole battalion.
+
+When not on duty, the men in camp followed their own inclinations.
+Books and letters and games, of all kinds. Furloughed men went home and
+returned for others to go. Boxes of provisions and clothing came first
+to one and then to another from home. Some had good musical talents,
+and impromptu concerts were of almost nightly occurrence. H. Calib
+Peterson, and others of like talents, contributed largely to the
+amusements of the camp, with ministrel shows and songs with banjos,
+bones, reed, and other accompaniments. One of the books that went the
+rounds was "St. Twelmo," a traversity on Miss Augusta Evans, (Mrs.
+Wilson), St. Elmo, the heroine of St. Twelmo being described as being
+such a "plenary pulchritude" with attainments to suit.
+
+At company headquarters, when the full quota of officers was on hand,
+were Capt. C. L. Lumsden, Lieuts. Eb H. Hargrove, A. C. Hargrove, John
+A. Caldwell, and Cadet Lieut. Sykes. Also Chas. M. Donoho, bugler and
+messenger, and Henry Donoho, his cousin, headquarter's clerk. But it
+sometimes happened that every commissioned officer was away with Cadet
+Sykes, left in the command. Caldwell, being promoted to Lieut., J. Mack
+Shivers, was appointed Orderly Sergeant. The other Sergeants were John
+Little, James Jones, (from Autauga County,) James Cordwell and Wilds,
+with John Snow, quartermaster and commissary Sergeant.
+
+The Corporals were: Thomas Owen, T. Alex Dearing, Wade Brook, and J. R.
+Maxwell, gunners, J. Wick Brown, John Watson, W. B. Appling, and ----,
+chiefs of caissons. About May 1st, 1864, Sherman moved out from
+Chattanooga, and Lumsden's Battery left winter quarters for good, never
+again to be in a permanent camp for any length of time.
+
+It was placed on the left of railroad north of Dalton, on Mill creek
+gap at east end of Rocky face ridge.
+
+Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was now in command. The whole army had lost all
+confidence in Bragg's ability to secure the fruits of victory, gained
+by the hard fighting alone, of his troops. Perryville, Murfreesboro and
+Chickamauga had also ended.
+
+On May 8th, the enemy attacked Stevenson's Division, along Buzzard
+Roost Ridge, east of railroad, and Mill creek gap with Geary's
+Division. They were easily repulsed. Lumsden's battery assisting by
+placing a few shells in the gap on the right of the attacking Division.
+Geary reported a loss of 200 to 300 men, and that it was impossible to
+take the position by assault. As Sherman's army forged to the South
+west on its flanking movement, the battery was withdrawn, and on May
+15th, next faced the enemy in a field of green wheat on the Oastenaula
+river, below the railroad bridge at Resaca, 18 miles south of Dalton,
+on the day of McPherson's attack at that point, but did not get to fire
+a shot.
+
+The position was on the west of a gentle rise, that inclined slightly
+to our rear. Had infantry charged our front, a few steps forward, would
+have enabled us to sweep the field. A Federal rifle battery, fired at
+us for a while, where we lay on the ground barely covered from their
+fire, when one of the shells skimmed the crest of the hill, it would
+miss our back a foot or two and pass on with no damage to us. The
+ground was hot under us, and the sun shining hot down on us, but we
+avoided stopping any of the shots, and we could not reach them with our
+smooth bores. We lay there, with our guns loaded with canister, ready
+to stop an infantry charge, but it was all delivered farther to our
+right. Our monotony was released by chatting and munching the contents
+of our haversacks. We surely had a hot time there in the hot sun and
+shell combination, but we had no causalities. We had protection from
+Yankee projectiles, but none from those of Old Sol. It was McPherson's
+corps in our forest and south westward to success the Oastenaula. His
+rifle batteries commanded the railroad bridge, with pontoon and common
+bridge below. That night Johnston's army withdrew across the
+Oastenaula.
+
+At Cassville thirty miles south of Resaca, on night of May 19th,
+Johnston had contemplated giving Sherman a general battle.
+
+Orders were read to all commands announcing the battle for next day.
+Our men were ready, believing Johnston had Sherman's army where he
+could whip first one portion, then the other, but for reasons about
+which there is controversy, the attack of our right wing on the enemy
+the next morning was delayed, the opportunity was lost and the retreat
+continued. When we crossed the Etowah below Cartersville, the railroad
+bridge was burned and the battery went into position facing the
+crossing on a low, rocky ridge, in the afternoon.
+
+The writer remembers, sitting down at the roots of a tree, and
+immediately springing up, brushing the seat of his pants vigorously.
+Examination showed that he had set down on a nest of little brown
+scorpions. Something like a crawfish in shape, with tails turned up
+over their backs, with a sting like a wasp's in the end of the tail.
+The laugh of the boys was on him.
+
+Some Federal cavalry rode down to the river, on the other side, but a
+few shells scattered them, and at dark we again moved southward toward
+New Hope church and Dallas.
+
+On the afternoon of May 25th, traveling the sparsely settled country
+road, about 2:00 p.m. a courier brought our Captain orders to rush his
+guns forward, infantry and wagons giving space and away we went, the
+cannoneers mounting on our gun carriages and caissons. Private James
+Hogan, of Tuscaloosa, in attempting to mount a gun, limber in motion,
+fell, one wheel of the gun passing over his body. A man was ordered to
+stay with him and see that an ambulance carried him to a hospital. He
+was so injured, as to prevent him serving further during the war. As we
+drew near to New Hope church, we found infantry of Stewart's, corps,
+hastily building log breastworks, along the right of the road, with the
+rattle of heavy skirmishing in the thick forest in the front. Our
+battery was ordered to turn aside to the left and go into battery and
+wait. This threw us into position with our infantry line perhaps fifty
+yards in our front. The Federals attacked with Hooper's corps in force,
+and the battle of New Hope church was fought and won, by our infantry
+line, we never getting a chance to fire a shot. Our cannoneers lying on
+the ground at their posts ready to fire, should the infantry give back.
+At dark we were placed in position on the infantry line and ordered to
+intrench and by morning of 26th, we had a pretty fair earthwork in our
+front facing a Federal battery. The woods were very dense, and it was
+only a couple of hundred yards across the hollow to the Federal
+entrenchments. Between the two lines the earth was strewn with the
+Federal dead.
+
+Both sides had skirmishers in rifle pits in front of them, and any
+exposure of a portion of the body brought the "ping" of a bullet in
+close proximity. One struck about an inch above the head of Lieut. A.
+C. Hargrove, into the body of an oak against which he was sitting, a
+little in rear of embankment. His head showed a little too high above
+the breastworks. Two inches lower, it would have finished him. Both
+sides had to lie close in daylight. A little to the rear and left was
+the old church.
+
+Capt. Lumsden sent a man to Gen. Quarles, who had his Brigade
+headquarters just in rear of the church, to borrow a field glass. The
+General and his staff wanted to know all about the situation, which was
+described as well as possible. One of the aides handed over his
+glasses, and requested the messenger to let them know whatever was
+discovered in our front. It was suggested that he come along, "Oh no!
+We don't think it necessary! You can tell us all about it when you
+return back." The others laughed and said: "Go ahead, young man." Capt.
+Lumsden thought he could make out a battery opposite, but it was
+difficult to be sure as their lines were partly hidden by brush, like
+our own. Our old Orderly Sergeant, now Capt. Geo. Little, on Gen.
+Bate's staff, had letters and socks from home for his two brothers,
+John and James, in our company, and rode up to the church where Gen.
+Stewart was sitting on the steps and asked him where Lumsden's battery
+was. He said they are just over there about 100 yards, but you can't
+ride there, come behind the church with your horse, a man was killed
+where you are sitting, just now. All was quiet then as could be. There
+was a country graveyard between the church and our line. He left his
+horse behind the church, and started to the battery, but in a moment
+there were a hundred bullets pattering like hail on the clap boards
+which covered the graves. He ran for cover in the trenches, and for ten
+minutes the firing was kept up and then quieted down, when he slipped
+back from the cover of one tree to another to the church, mounted his
+horse and made his way back to his own quarters.
+
+About June 4th, the Federals disappeared from our front at New Hope
+church, and we moved back and toward Lost mountain and the railroad
+which we crossed the next day, and on June 8th, went into position on a
+ridge overlooking Big Shanty Station, being on the east side of
+railroad. This new line came to be known as the Pine Mountain line.
+Here we entrenched. On June 11th, we saw a rifle battery near Big
+Shanty firing on our lines to the left. We fired on them. They replied.
+Our trenches were a little below the top of the hill, with the limber
+chests exposed, being higher than the works. Lumsden ordered them to be
+run down close behind the works, which was done. But one Federal shell
+exploded one of the chests while it was being moved. Sergt. J. Mack
+Shivers was shoving it at the time but escaped much injury. The Yankee
+battery withdrew from the open, and we shortly after, heard of Gen
+Polk's death. We always believed that we were firing on the battery
+that killed him. During all this time we were having heavy rains every
+day. We have an idea that the whole army was wet to the skin every day
+in June. One great trouble was to keep our corn bread dry until we
+could eat it. But wet bread could be turned into "hot cush," whenever
+we stopped long enough to have a fire and the weather being warm, our
+clothing would get moderately dry between showers. The men had by this
+time gotton pretty tough, and looked tough, and like a set of toughs.
+
+Falling back on June 15th, from the Pine mountain line, to the Kennesaw
+mountain line, to face Sherman, who was flanking to our left, the
+battery first took position close to the top of the main spur of the
+mountain, a little to the right and north of the top and entrenched
+along with a lot of infantry. The only Federals who got within our
+range at this position were a lot that crowded around a railroad water
+tank, at the foot of the mountain. We put a few shells through the tank
+scattering both Yanks and water. But the Yanks put a rifle battery off
+in the valley, out of our reach and went to work on us scientifically.
+They figured out our range and the very first shell burst about three
+feet exactly over our breastworks, and the next one or so killed one of
+our men, named Blackstock, a Georgian. A splinter clipped Horace
+Martin's ear--marked him. Lt. Hargrove was on the bare top of the
+mountain to see what he could see. They fired at him and the shell
+struck the ground in his front, and ricochetted over his head, end over
+end. It was certainly fine shooting and sport for those rifle gunners,
+and doubtless they enjoyed it. We certainly did not, but each got to a
+safe place and kept it, as soon as we found what those fellows could do
+at over a mile distance. This was on June 19th. As this position was a
+worthless one for our guns, we were ordered down and moved to the south
+edge of Little Rinnew, relieving another battery. The change was made
+during the night, and Lumsden was told that it was a hot place. So we
+worked on the entrenchments from about midnight when we had arrived
+until daylight. We made good embrasures, thickened the works in our
+front and dug trenches for our caisson wheels close behind works, so
+that axles lay on the ground. The limber chests were taken from gun
+carriages and placed on ground close up to the works. That afternoon,
+Col. Alexander, in command of the artillery along this line, came along
+and Capt. Lumsden told him that he'd like to find out what the enemy
+had over there. Col. Alexander told Lumsden, "Well, open on them and
+I'll order the rifle battery further up little Kennesaw to your right
+to support you." Lumsden gave him time to get up to the rifle battery,
+and then came his command: "Cannoneers to your posts!" Each gunner was
+told where to aim, and the estimated distance. Then: "Load! Battery
+ready! Fire!" Those Yankees opened on our four-gun battery, with
+twenty-four guns and the dirt was soon flying over and around us. We
+fired rapidly and so did the rifle battery, but directly a shell came
+through number 3 embrasure, killed Gurley, standing erect with thumb on
+vent, plunged into caisson just behind and exploded all three chests
+thereon. The flame exploded a cartridge lying on limber chest next to
+the breastwork and our own shell went rolling around promiscuously. Lt.
+Hargrove grabbed a slush bucket and proceeded to pour water into the
+limber chest with the smashed top, where fuses were fizzling and
+friction primers crackling in the tray above the loaded cartridges
+thereon. Some of the boys yelled at him to let that thing go, but he
+poured that water on, and put out those fuses. Every fellow was dodging
+our own shells for a few minutes.
+
+A tin strap from one of the sabots struck Corporal John Watson on the
+tight seat of his pants, and he dropped flat, with his hands clapped on
+the place where he had felt the blow, yelling: "Oh, I'm wounded, I'm
+wounded." The laugh was on him, when it was found that his pants were
+not even split.
+
+Gracious! How those Yanks did yell, when the column of smoke went high
+in the air from our exploded caisson. Well, all the satisfaction we got
+out of the affair, was that "We found out, what the enemy had over
+there," and we did not stir up that hornet's nest again. Occasionally,
+they would plug at us, but we would lie low and not reply. One of their
+24-lb. rifled parrot shells ricochetted over from the front one day
+with out exploding. Some of the men got it unscrewed the percussion
+fuse from its point and poured out a lot of powder, then dug out some
+more with a sharp stick, until they thought it was about empty. Then
+private Dan Kelly, got hold of it, stooped down to a flat rock and
+jolted the point down on the rock. It struck fire, exploded and tore
+Kelly's arm and hand all to pieces. He was sent to hospital, then home,
+and I think died from the wound.
+
+We more than evened up on the Yanks, a few days after, on June 27th,
+when Thomas's and McPherson's corps swarmed over their works and
+started for our lines in a determined assault. We filled the skirt of
+woods in front, full of shells until their lines appeared in the open,
+and then we swept the earth with canister and over their line of
+infantry made every bullet count, so that in our immediate front, they
+did not get nearer than 150 yards, and had to rush back to cover of
+their own entrenchments. Our command had no causalities that day, but
+many Federals were buried in trenches in our front, their total loss
+officially reported in the assault was 2,500.
+
+Here is what is recorded in Federal official records:
+
+    "He (Sherman) Resolved: To attack the left center of Johnston's
+    position, and orders were given on the 24th, that on the 27th,
+    McPherson should assault near Little Kennesaw mountain (our
+    position,) and that Thomas should assault about a mile further
+    south, (to our left). Kennesaw was strongly entrenched, and held by
+    Loring's and Hardee's corps, Loring on the right, opposite
+    McPherson and Hardee on the left opposite Thomas. About 9:00 a.m.
+    of the 27th, the troops moved to the assault and all along the line
+    for ten miles a furious fire of artillery and musketry was kept up.
+    A part of Logan's 15th corps, formed in two lines, fought its way
+    up to the slope of Little Kennesaw, carried the confederate
+    skirmish pits and tried to go further, but was checked by the rough
+    nature of the ground, and the fire of artillery and musketry at
+    short range from behind breastworks. Logan's assault failed with a
+    loss of 600 men, and his troops were withdrawn to the captured
+    skirmish pits * * * The assault was over by 11:30 a.m., and was a
+    failure.
+
+It was the most serious reverse sustained by Sherman during the
+campaign. The entire Union loss was nearly 2,500.
+
+Johnston admits a Confederate loss of 808 killed and wounded. That
+ended Sherman's attempt to force our lines, and started his flanking
+operations again. Soon we were ordered back southwest of the
+Chattahoochee river, where we occupied a fort, overlooking the Western
+& Atlantic railroad bridge, and were soon faced by the enemy with
+infantry and artillery again entrenched, with a rifle battery on
+opposite side of river three-quarters of a mile away. They would
+occasionally try a little target practice at our fort. Our orders were
+to refrain from firing unless an attempt was made to cross the river.
+On our side there was merely infantry enough to picket the river.
+
+The fort was an enclosed one, i.e., had parapet all around, and
+embrassures in all directions, as if built to stand a siege even if
+entirely surrounded by the enemy. Our four guns were its whole armament
+however, fronting the river and its destroyed bridge below us.
+
+We here bivouaced at ease. The slope in rear of fort had some shade
+bushes and formed a comparatively safe camping grounds, but we lost one
+man here who was in rear of, and outside of the fort. A rifle shell
+just missed the front parapet, cut a furrow in the rear parapet, and
+took off the head of a private, named Maner, another Georgian. Some of
+us who were inside the fort saw his straw hat rise ten feet in the air
+and knew that another comrade had gone.
+
+Here, on July 17th, at evening roll call, technically named the
+"Retreat" call, the memorable order was read to our command, relieving
+Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, and placing Gen. J. B. Hood, in command of the
+army. It was received in dead silence, and figuratively speaking "our
+hearts went down into our boots," or whatever happened to be covering
+our heel.
+
+The army had still the fullest confidence in Johnston. They knew that
+for more than two months he had baffled Sherman in spite of his
+overpowering force of two to one, and had inflicted heavy losses on the
+enemy, with small loss to his own army either in men or material. They
+idolized Johnston and were ready to fight, whenever Johnston was ready.
+They believed "Old Joe" knew his business, and did not believe that
+Sherman could hold on to his line of supplies, and still surround the
+city. They believed that President Davis had made a terrible mistake,
+and that belief remains to the officers and men of the army of
+Tennessee to this day. They admired Hood, his personal character and
+gallantry, but they believed in Johnston as second only to Robert E.
+Lee, and that the Confederacy did not hold another man who could so
+well serve her.
+
+Sherman moving the main portion of his army towards the northeast,
+covered by the Chattahoochee, but still holding the W. & A. railroad
+with his right wing, our battery was ordered to report to Gen. Wheeler,
+who with his cavalry was on the extreme right of our army. We were
+placed in position on the bank of the Chattahoochee, where a ravine
+entered the river at a very acute angle, forming a narrow ridge between
+river and ravine, so that by cutting down into the ground and throwing
+the dirt out toward the ravine, we made level places for our guns with
+a solid wall of earth as high as the muzzle of our guns, overlooking
+the slope toward the river, the hills opposite, and the Federal
+entrenchments along the upper edge of the fields with an embrasured
+battery in view. Our entrenchment, as described, made no show. We were
+there simply to guard against an easy crossing at this point.
+
+Lt. A. C. Hargrove, next day was standing at the parapet near muzzle of
+3rd piece talking to Corporal Maxwell, who was gunner to that piece. A
+puff of smoke came from a Federal embrasure across the river and both
+squatted below the protecting bank. The shell struck the body of an oak
+tree standing just in front, and some twenty feet above the ground,
+tearing off a heavy fragment, slightly larger than a man's forearm,
+which came down with force, the end cutting through Hargroves' hat on
+his forehead and to the skull, a gash two inches long. Maxwell said:
+"Lieut., they are cutting at us close," still looking to the front.
+Hargrove said: "Well, they got me." Maxwell turned around and there
+stooped Hargrove, hat on ground, and his hands to his head, with blood
+gushing through his fingers all down over him. He was much stunned with
+the blow, but when Maxwell spread the lips of the wound, and the blood
+ran out, the solid skull of his forehead showed uncrutched.
+Nevertheless the blow threatened concussion of the brain, and he was
+sent home for several weeks. Dr. N. P. Marlowe, then surgeon with
+Wheeler's corps taking him in his own ambulance to the Hospital, after
+dressing his wound.
+
+The enemy crossing in force, lower down the river, our battery was
+retired from this position and placed on the main line of defense
+northeast of Atlanta, and was soon faced by the enemy again, after the
+battle of Peachtree Creek, with his entrenchments forming quite an
+angle in our front, some 800 yards away, but his lines stretched from
+that angle almost perpendicularly away from us toward his left.
+
+On July 22nd, Hardee's corps of Confederates attacked Sherman's left
+and drove it for a long distance back toward his center. The right of
+this fleeing corps came into our range making for the protection of
+their works at this angle and Lumsden's guns shelled them just in front
+of their own works as they reached them, we firing over the heads of
+the Georgia militia, who were pushed forward across the valley as if to
+join in an assault, but were soon returned to their works after
+considerable loss.
+
+Seeing these old citizens wounded and dying struck us with sympathy,
+with somewhat of the same feelings we might have experienced at seeing
+a lot of women sacrificed. They started in the charge, had withdrawn to
+the trenches again. We were accustomed to that with regular soldiers,
+but the sacrifice of these old citizens affected us to an unusual
+degree.
+
+Being relieved from this position, by a battery attached to an infantry
+brigade that now occupied these trenches, we were sent to the rear and
+parked near a stream south of Atlanta to wash up clothing and rest a
+bit. But before our washing was dry, orders came to rush the battery to
+a position some five miles southwest of Atlanta. We went at a gallop,
+or trot, or walk as fast as we could rush the guns and caissons. With
+the cannoneers hanging on as best they could. Reaching the position
+just in time, meeting our infantry slowly falling back, before the
+enemy, fighting as they retreated. We rushed "into battery," on a hill
+at edge of open field, with the Federal infantry already past the way
+across the field and opened on them with our usual rapid fire. In ten
+minutes not a Federal could be seen except the few wounded or dead left
+behind.
+
+It was a terribly hot July afternoon and the men with jackets,
+blankets, haversacks and all else possible strewn on the ground were
+panting like dogs, and so wet with sweat as if just out of a river,
+when they threw themselves down in the shade of the trees on the edge
+of the field after the firing ceased with the disappearance of the
+enemy. We had not lost a man. Our arrival and work was so quick that
+the enemy rushed to the rear at once to the cover of the forest. Our
+guns used some 33 or 34 rounds each in the short time in action.
+
+All night infantry and artillery men worked with every available tool,
+down to the bayonet to loosen up the earth, and half of a split canteen
+to throw up the dirt and next morning found us entrenched in our new
+line. But on the other edge of the field, the Yankee trenches showed up
+some 800 yards away.
+
+In this position Lumsden's battery remained nearly all the month of
+August. Every few days we would have an artillery duel with the rifle
+battery opposite. Sherman was now extending his right wing, which
+finally led to the assault of Love Joy station, on the road south of
+Atlanta. He had also brought down siege guns, that fired shells about
+the size of nail keg, and was shelling the city. One Sunday we had a
+particularly fierce duel with our opponents. It happened that the
+embrasure of the 3rd piece flared a little more squarely to the front
+of the others. Three whole shells struck the 3rd gun during the action,
+each coming through the embrasure only about one foot in width. One
+struck on top between trunnions and vent, gouging out the brass like a
+half round chisel would have gouged a piece of wood, and glanced on to
+the rear. The second struck gun carriage on left cheek, just in front
+of left trunnion and went into small fragments in every direction. The
+third struck the edge of the muzzle, and crushed it so that we could
+get no more shells into the gun. It was ruined temporarily, and had to
+be sent to the arsenal at Macon.
+
+About this time, Gen. Hardee and staff rode up. He inquired: "What's
+the matter here?" "Nothing," said Lumsden, "but those fellows opened on
+us and I make it a point to give as good as they send." "Well, cease
+firing its doing no good, and we must husband our ammunition." Old man
+Lane had the front end of one foot cut off by a piece of shell. He was
+bringing up an armfull of cartridges from the caissons under the hill
+at the time, but did not throw down his load until he brought it to the
+gun, loudly proclaiming, that he hoped these shells would pay them back
+for his wound. But that was the end of his service in our army. He was
+over conscript age, but came as a substitute for some one who could pay
+for a man to take his place.
+
+I believe that he was the only man struck that day in our company, but
+in rear of the 3rd gun that had been put out of action, a bunch of
+canteens, hanging on a forked post were all rendered useless by pieces
+of shell or bullets coming through the embrasure. The Yankee three-inch
+rifle was a dead shot at any distance under a mile. They could hit the
+head of a flour barrel more often than miss, unless the gunner got
+rattled. The shell consisted of three parts, a conical head with
+smaller cylinderical base, a cap to fit, that base loosely and a ring
+of lead that connected the head and base. When fired the cap at butt
+was thrown forward on the cylinderical base of the cone, expanding the
+lead ring into the grooves of the rifle, the cone exploding by
+percussion cap on striking. It was the most accurate field piece of
+that date. Our smooth bore 12 pounders were always at a disadvantage in
+artillery duels, but with time fuses and at masses of men, or at a
+battery in open field, 800 to 1,000 yards, they did good service, and
+with canisters they could sweep the earth.
+
+After Lovejoy's station, we were moved up to the city, and put into a
+casemated fort for a short time in the outskirts of the city, whilst
+evacuation was going on, and were among the last of the commands to
+leave the doomed town, whence we retreated with a portion of the
+infantry toward Macon, Ga. Burning stores of all kinds were located by
+the soldiers, mail cars sacked, and letters and packages of all kinds
+gone through at road side fires in search of money, the useless letters
+feeding the fire. This was on the night of September 2, 1864. Rations
+on the retreat got very short and for once our men were forced to live
+off the country. When bivouac was made for the night above Macon, for
+the success of our own particular mess, all scattered after "retreat"
+roll call in different directions. About midnight they had all come in,
+and pots, kettles, ovens, and hot coals were in demand. Henry Donoho
+had shelled out about a peck of cornfield beans from the nearly ripe
+pods in the fields.
+
+Walter Guild turned up with a long stick across his shoulder, with two
+large pumpkins stuck on each end. Ed King and Jim Maxwell each had a
+sack of sweet potatoes, grabbled in a field a mile and a half away.
+
+The Rosser boys had corn too hard for roasting, but all right to grate
+on an old half canteen grater.
+
+Rube, Aleck Dearing's servant had half a shoat and Jim Bobbett, my own
+servant, had two ducks.
+
+Some one owned a big brass kettle, that would hold about half a barrel,
+which the wagons hauled, and it was soon on the fire, filled with the
+sliced pumpkins, to be stewed down. Some did one thing, and some
+another, and by an hour before day, that feast was ready, and several
+more along the same lines in the camp. We ate our fill, filled
+haversacks, distributed the balance to whoever wanted it and were ready
+to move at daylight. I believe that it was the only meal I remember
+during the war, where everything was the proceeds of plunder.
+
+We had been pretty close to a famine for a day or two, but this was
+surely a feast.
+
+It was all contrary to military law, but soldiers were not going to sit
+still and starve, when something to eat could be had out of the fields
+for the taking, and the officers could not be expected to sit up nights
+to come around and inspect our pots and kettles, and if they did, they
+could prove nothing, and so, for the occasion and the recognizing
+necessity, nothing was ever said about it. The men were on hand ready
+and able to do duty, and the tangle of the crisis was soon straightened
+out and our rations coming through the regular channels. From Macon, by
+way of Griffin, where a few days were spent in camp and thence to West
+Point on the Georgia-Alabama line, where preparations were made to cut
+loose from the railroad, and traverse northeast Alabama with Hood's
+army to strike for middle Tennessee by way of Decatur and Florence,
+west of the mountains. This was now ----, so that we had been months
+and days in reaching in a roundabout manner since the fall of Atlanta,
+on Sept. 2. Hood's infantry and cavalry had been somewhere south, and
+southwest of Atlanta. Sherman was fixing to destroy, and strike out
+southeast across Georgia, and Hood was preparing to strike out for
+middle Tennessee and Nashville.
+
+With our guns and wagons, we joined the army wagon train, making its
+way northwestward, during a very rainy spell of weather. Traveling
+through the flat piney woods was awful. The white loblolly mud was
+often axle deep in the road, and turning out in these flats did not
+seem to better the matter much.
+
+The writer had now been appointed a Sergeant, and been given a pie bald
+pony to ride at the head of his 4th Detachment of gun caisson. One day
+his pony got both feet on same side into a deep rut under the loblolly
+and down flat broadside he went and the writer disappeared. When he
+emerged he was greeted with the well known yell, "Come out of that, I
+see your ears sticking out." When the mud dried, it flaked off and I
+was not much worse off temporarily than the balance of the crowd and
+they were welcome to the fun.
+
+Finally, we reached the Tennessee valley, in Morgan County, and marched
+westward. The sites of the old plantation homes were now marked only by
+groups of chimneys, the plantations a dreary waste. Reaching vicinity
+of Decatur about ---- we found it garrisoned by a Federal force with
+entrenchments, but Hood's objective point for crossing the Tennessee
+river was between Tuscumbia and Florence. Near Tuscumbia, our battery
+was again in camp for a few days. As from West Point to Florence in a
+direct line is about 200 miles by the route traveled by us 250 or 275
+miles of continuous march. We were not sorry to get a chance to rest,
+wash, clean and repair up. Here, in the garden spot of Alabama, prior
+to the war, food was scarce. The beef issued to us could not produce a
+bead of fat, on the top of the pot, when boiled. Bacon or salt pork,
+when we got any was generally rancid. But we got here one unusual
+luxury in the way of food, a fine young fat mule had its back broken by
+the fall of a tree, cut down in camp. So it was killed and the boys
+took possession and divided it out. It was very fat. The fat from its
+"innards" was "tryed" out like oil and saved in bottles and cans for
+"breadshortening" for which it answered well. The meat was very fine,
+much better than any beef we had gotton for a long time. But the boys
+made all sorts of fun over it. We had some left to carry along on the
+march, and a soldier would pull out a hunk from his haversack, throw up
+his head and let out a big mule bray, "a-h-h-h u-n-k, a-h-h-h u-n-k,
+a-h-h-h u-n-k," bite off a mouth full and go to chewing.
+
+The crossing of the Tennessee on the night of Nov. 20, 1864, over a
+pontoon bridge at south Florence was to officers and men of Lumsden's
+battery only one of many disagreeable experiences. No more than our
+whole army had gotton used to experiencing in such campaigns in all
+sorts of weather and conditions, its locality merely makes it stand out
+in the memory, a little more prominently than other such experiences.
+Notified in the afternoon to be ready in our turn to cross over, then
+again to fall into the line on the South bank after dusk; moving on to
+the bridge after dark, and occupying several hours in crossing, moving
+a few paces in the bridge, then halting and standing shivering in a
+drizzling rain, until again a few paces could be gained. Then at the
+north bank, getting our teams up the steep banks through mud axle deep,
+by doubling teams and all hands at the wheels and getting through the
+night, hovering over roadside fires along streets of Florence and roads
+beyond until daylight brought a possibility of finding a place to make
+a temporary halt for feed and rest for man and beast.
+
+On November 27th, reaching the vicinity of Columbia, where Schofield
+was entrenched with an army of about the same size as Hood's, a
+demonstration was made of an attack on his lines, but the main position
+of our army crossed Duck river above Columbia and struck for Spring
+Hill on the turn pike between Columbia and Franklin.
+
+On 29th, the Battalion of Reserve Artillery was ordered to leave guns
+and caissons, with horses and drivers, under charge of one Commissioned
+officer south of Duck river. The captains, two Lieuts.,
+Non-Commissioned officers and cannoneers were ordered to follow the
+infantry brigades; the object being to be able to man any batteries
+that might be captured from the enemy in this move against his rear.
+Lumsden was ordered to report to Brig. Gen. Reynolds and to keep right
+up with his brigade under all circumstances. It was nearly dark when we
+found ourselves in a half mile of Spring Hill, and there, we remained
+all night, without any attack being delivered on the enemy hurrying
+northward along the pike, wagons, artillery and all other vehicles kept
+on a rush with their infantry on east side of the pike to protect
+against our attack.
+
+Time was lost during the day in building rough bridges across creeks
+waist deep to infantry, which had better have been waded, for the few
+hours so lost, prevented a successful attack at Spring Hill which Hood
+had planned to demolish Schofield.
+
+Forrest was trying to delay their advance toward Franklin, and
+sometimes succeeded in getting possession of pike for a short time,
+capturing teamsters shooting down teams in their harness and setting
+fire to their wagons.
+
+But their rear passed Spring Hill before daylight the next morning,
+with Hood's infantry pursuing their rearguard closely into Franklin,
+where a strong line of entrenchments had been prepared around the edge
+of the city from Harpeth river above the same below town, and a strong
+line of rifle pits out in front of the regular trenches.
+
+On the afternoon of Nov. 30, 1864, Hood attacked these entrenchments
+about 4:00 p.m. Reynolds' brigade was on the right of the pike,
+somewhat to the right of the historic genhouse. As this brigade started
+in the charge on the first line of rifle pits, Lumsden's command was
+close behind with no weapons but their bare hands. Gen. Reynolds
+noticed it and riding up called out to Capt. Lumsden: "Captain, take
+your men back behind the hill to our rear." And so it was done; though
+as soon as our infantry reached the valley and the bullets ceased to
+fly so thickly about the top of the hill, the whole company was soon at
+the top of the ridge, watching the terrible struggle in our front over
+the Federal entrenchments on the outskirts of Franklin.
+
+Away in the night, the flashing rifles revealed the firing of two
+armies with a bank of six feet of earth between them, until finally it
+gradually ceased. Before daylight we got certain intelligence that the
+enemy was gone through Corporal Tom Owen, gunner to 2nd piece, who with
+another prospecting companion or two had been into the town and
+returned with a bucket of molasses and some other eatables.
+
+Here we were left by Gen. Reynolds' brigade, and where our horses, guns
+and caissons came up, Lumsden's battery was again in its usual fighting
+trim, and moved on to Nashville where it was on Dec. 4th, in the front
+trenches on the left of the Grannary White Pike, in the yard of a fine
+brick house, which the enemy had destroyed just outside of their
+fortifications, known as the "Gales house". Our lines were so close to
+those of the enemy across a narrow valley of cleared fields, that no
+one could expose any portion of his body on either work, without
+drawing the fire of his enemy opposite. Some of the boys found good
+quarters inside of the old furnace, within a few steps of our guns,
+those of us in the outside wishing there were a few more furnaces. Talk
+about not dodging! Whenever one of us had to move about, he had to
+dodge from one cover to another. But there was one comfort, our
+infantry kept our enemies dodging also. About Dec. 10th, we were
+relieved from this position by another battery, and ordered to the
+extreme left of the army and put in position on a small hill, about 700
+yards west of the Hillsboro pike, opposite the house of Robert
+Castleman, who lived on the east side of said pike some three and a
+half miles south of Nashville, and three quarters of a mile, southwest
+from the extreme western end of Hood's line, on the Hillsboro pike.
+Here, we were ordered to entrench.
+
+    [The description of the duty to which Lumsden's Battery was
+    assigned in the battle of Nashville on December 15th, 1864 was lost
+    in some way and not printed in Lumsden's Battery History where it
+    belongs near the top of Page 56 just after the sentence "Here we
+    were ordered to entrench".
+
+    The omission was not noticed until after the volumes had all been
+    printed.
+
+    These special pages must therefore be put in an insert and read in
+    their proper place, after which again the history takes up the
+    further retreat of the remnant out of Tennessee.]
+
+
+  Major John Foster of the Engineers, with a detail of 100 men had
+  already started on the work. Hood's orders were that it should be a
+  regular fort enclosing the top of hill. As yet, it was simply a
+  redoubt, facing a ridge some 800 yards away that ran nearly
+  perpendicularly to the general direction of the army's line of battle
+  at the extreme left end of the army. Between the ridge and the
+  location of redoubt were cultivated fields, and had been some woods,
+  through which Richland Creek meandered towards the north west. The
+  woods our engineers had cut down, so as to give an uninterrupted view
+  of the lands in our front, and gave a cover for skirmishers who might
+  be driven back towards redoubt and also gave cover for an enemy line
+  of skirmishers to approach to within 100 yards of redoubt under
+  cover, when they had driven back the defending skirmishers.
+
+  Major Foster's force had started the redoubt shortly after the
+  remnant of Hood's Army (after Franklin) had aligned itself before
+  Nashville and entrenched somewhere about December 1st to 3rd, it
+  being perhaps a mile or more from extreme left of Hood's Army to the
+  Cumberland River. Gen. Chalmers with Cavalry, and the remnant of
+  Ector's Brigade of infantry as a support, guarding the gaps between
+  left of Hood's entrenchments at Hillsboro pike, to Cumberland River.
+  From the date of our arrival at fort location we had rain snow, and
+  sleet, and the ground frozen hard, so that it was impossible to make
+  any rapid progress on the redoubt laid off for 4 embrasures for our 4
+  Napoleon guns. Stretched blankets and the tarpaulins from for our
+  guns and ammunition were the only cover for officers or men. I well
+  remember that, the day before the battle of the 15th, my servant Jim
+  Bobbett brought me a change of clean under clothing, for which I had
+  to scrape off the snow on a log at Richland Creek, strip and bathe in
+  its icy waters to make a change.
+
+  By the 15th (the day of the battle) we had manerals so long. At my
+  gun we had lost private Horton and Corporal Gunner Ed. King. Hilen L.
+  Rosser at another gun had part of his head shot away. That night as I
+  was pouring some water for Lumsden to wash, he was picking something
+  out of his beard, and said: "Maxwell, that is part of Rosser's
+  brains", out of the 40 men that we had at guns, we had only 22 left,
+  balance having been killed or captured. A Federal officer rode around
+  Lieut. A. C. Hargrove and demanded his surrender, and cut down at his
+  head with his sabre. Hargrove caught the blow on his arm, but it beat
+  down his arm to his head enough to "hurt like thunder", as Hargrove
+  expressed it.
+
+  Hargrove grabbed a loose tree branch and struck at Yank's horse which
+  about that time got a bullet from our infantry line and ran away from
+  Hargrove, so that he made it to our new line.
+
+  That night we buried Horton near the Franklin pike, where we
+  bivouaced. I cut his name on a head board, and Command to which he
+  belonged.
+
+  A detail was sent to the house that had been used as a hospital to
+  bring his body. A long, tall, red-headed private, John Walker, was
+  one of that detail. He had been carrying a great long navy revolver
+  for months for use in such circumstances. When asked how many times
+  he shot it. He laughed and said it was as much as he could do to
+  persuade himself that he was able to get out with it.
+
+  It was about 12 o'clock that Capt. Lumsden sent orderly Sergeant J.
+  Mack Shivers on horseback to report to General Stewart that all
+  Confederate infantry had been driven into the fallen timber at our
+  front, and that it was evident the enemy would soon rush us with a
+  charge. That we could leave the guns and get away with all the men.
+
+  Shivers returned with the orders, "Tell Captain Lumsden it is
+  necessary to hold the enemy in check to the last minute regardless of
+  losses." This was about 12:30 p.m. They overwhelmed us about 2 p.m.
+
+  So that Lumsden's Battery alone had stopped the advance of A. J.
+  Smith's federal Corps for 3 hours during which Confederate troops had
+  been moved from right wing to a new line behind the Hillsboro pike
+  several hundred yards in our rear, which was all important, to the
+  Confederates.
+
+
+Moving southward from Nashville battlefield, with the remnant of Hood's
+army, Lumsden's battery was now but a name for a command of men without
+arms, with a quota of horses, wagons for commissary and quartermaster's
+supplies with their drivers, one half its cannoneers having been lost
+at Nashville, killed wounded and prisoners.
+
+A relation of a few happenings along this dreary march in midwinter the
+roads, a loblolly of sleet and turnpike dust and grit, may serve to
+show how Lumsden and his officers maintained discipline without resort
+to severe or degrading punishment for lapses from duty. Like all
+volunteer commands, it had in its ranks men from all conditions of life
+and of various degrees of education from the collegiate down to the
+illiterate man who could not write his own name. But perhaps one half
+of the enlisted men or privates were graduates and had started into
+professional life or had left college to give their services to their
+country before the end of the university terms. They were gentlemen,
+and imbued generally with the high sense of honor and devotion to duty
+usual among boys and men in such social standing. They gave the general
+tone to the command and the officers were careful to do all possible to
+keep its moral tone and to impose no punishment that would lower the
+culprit in his own estimation. They did punish by imposing extra duties
+for violation of military rules, but always the individual punished as
+well as all his comrades were perfectly conscious that the punishment
+was deserved, and therefore necessary. For instance a private had been
+grumbling for several weeks to his sergeant about putting him on
+details so often, ignoring the fact that the numerous jobs to be
+attended to, brought around often to each man, his time to go on
+detail. One morning this private said something to the sergeant who was
+at the time cutting up the detachment's cooked beef into equal
+portions, that passed the sergeant's patience. He laid down his knife,
+got up and faced the man, with the remark: "I've stood your jaw as long
+as I intend to", and delivered him a blow with his fist between the
+eyes. Of course things were lively for a while until Lt. Hargrove ran
+up interfered forcibly between the combatants and ordered them back to
+the duties on hand. Some nights after the sergeant was standing by the
+Captain's fire and no one was near, but Capt. Lumsden, who said: "What
+was the matter with you and ----, the other morning?" "Nothing much,
+Captain, except he had been grumbling and fussing for some time,
+whenever his time came to be detailed on a job, and just got so I could
+not stand it any longer, and determined to put a stop to it." "Well,
+you've no right to strike any of these men with your fist. If a man is
+insubordinate, you have a right to shoot him, but not to strike him
+with your fist." The sergeant laughed and replied: "But it was not bad
+enough for that, and of course I was not going to shoot him, but I
+don't think he will need any more." There was never anything more said
+about it, and the soldier quit grumbling and did his part thereafter,
+as well as anyone to the end of the war. Another case in point, just
+after leaving Nashville, a non-commissioned officer had been affected
+with boils, so that he could not ride horseback for a few days, and it
+was against orders to ride in the wagons. His boots were split at the
+counters, the soles were tied to the uppers by strings and he had no
+socks. The turnpike gritty freezing slush worked into his feet until he
+could hardly hobble, so he would watch his chance, when no officers eye
+was on him, and crawl into a wagon and there stay until camp was
+reached at night when he would crawl out. One night, when he crawled
+out in a drizzling cold rain, and finding a fire in an old barn on the
+opposite side of the road, with soldiers of another command, he
+remained there in comparative comfort all night, and after daylight
+turned up at the officers fire. Lieut. A. C. Hargrove said to him:
+"Where were you last night, Sir, after we went into camp?" "I slept in
+that barn across the road." "Well, we had to send a detail with horses
+back to the pontoon train, and I wanted to send you in charge of it,
+but no one could find you anywhere. You have been straggling ever since
+we left Nashville, and not attending to your duties." "Lieutenant, I've
+not been straggling, as you think I have. Look at my feet, I could not
+walk and keep up. I had boils so that I could not ride my horse. The
+only way I could keep up was to steal rides in a wagon during the day,
+and that's what I have been doing." "Well, you have not been excused by
+the surgeon." "No, Sir, I did not want to be sent away from the
+command." When the Lieut. walked off, the Capt. said: "I'll tell you
+what's the matter with you. You've got out of heart. You've lost all
+hope of our winning this fight. It does look black. But the thing for
+you and me and all the balance of us to do, is to just stand it out to
+the end. It can't last much longer. That is true. But when it is done,
+we all of us want to be conscious that we have done our duty from start
+to finish." "Captain, I've always done all I was able to do, and expect
+to, until the end comes." "That is true and, we'll hold out to the
+end."
+
+That was Lumsden's way of controlling his men. He made them feel as if
+he knew that it was their determination to do their full duty, and the
+whole tone of the battery was kept up to the standard by the idea. The
+high standard of its personale was the result not of fear or
+compulsion, but of individual personal patriotism.
+
+On this retreat it was difficult to find food for the army, and first
+one command, then another, ran mighty short. Passing through a
+mountainous thinly settled country during Christmas week, our Captain
+gave a few permits to different individuals to forage off the line of
+march. One forager heard of some mills along a creek some miles off the
+line of retreat, and struck out for them horseback. On his arrival at
+the first, he found it crowded with infantry men, each guarding his
+sack of wheat, and awaiting his turn to run it through the mill. The
+miller was there, and was asked if he could sell a sack of wheat. He
+replied: "these soldiers say they are bound to have all there is, and I
+help them grind it, to save injury to my mill. The wheat belongs to the
+neighborhood." "Where is there another mill?" "About three miles down
+the creek." Off our forager rode. He saw that money nor begging would
+prevail to get bread and determined on a bluff. The next mill had
+soldiers claiming all the wheat, but some of it was in boxes or bins.
+He called the miller out, and offered to pay for a couple of bushels.
+"It is not mine, said the miller, it belongs to people around here, but
+I had better take even Confederate money for it, than nothing at all,
+and if you can get a couple of bushels, go ahead." So into the mill our
+man went, with his sack, and walked up to a box holding perhaps ten
+bushels, on which sat a soldier with his rifle leaning against the box,
+with the request: "Let me get at the box, if you please." "You can't
+get any of this meal, our men need it all", reaching for his gun. "I'll
+show you about that, Sir, my men have had no bread for three days, and
+some of this wheat, I'm going to have" and he began shoveling it into
+his sack, regardless of protests, until sack was full; then he said,
+"that is all I want," turned to the mill hopper dumped it in, as soon
+as the same was about empty, putting his sack under the spout. When his
+sack was full of whole wheat meal, he tied it, paid the miller and rode
+off rejoicing. When he found the command that night, some hogs had been
+brought and issued by the commissary, and the two bushels of wheat meal
+was a Godsend. Our mess, after breakfast next morning, divided out to
+each, eleven big army biscuits apiece, but before dinner time, one
+gaunt member of the mess had finished up his lot and was on the lookout
+for more.
+
+Recrossing the Tennessee river on the ---- day of December near
+Brainbridge, we camped a few days near Tuka, Mississippi, for rest and
+a general cleaning up, but many soldiers had no clothing except the
+ragged suits they had on, and cleaning involved the washing and drying
+of a portion of their garments at a time.
+
+A Confederate private at that time could be pictured in words about
+thus: A pair of old shoes or boots, with soles gaping, and tied to the
+uppers with strings, no socks, threadbare pants, patched at the knees,
+burnt out at the bottom behind, half way to his knees, his back calves
+black with smoke, from standing with his back to fires, his shirt
+sticking out of holes in rear of his pants, a weather beaten jeans
+jacket out at elbows and collar greasy, and an old slouch wool hat
+hanging about his face, with a tuft of hair sticking out at the crown.
+
+The officers, in many cases, did not show up much better. In either
+case, the man, who had a negro body servant along, fared the best, and
+was kept clothed the best.
+
+The negro slaves usually had money in their pockets, when their masters
+had none, that they made serving officers and men in many ways.
+
+The writer's own servant, Jim Bobbett by name, had left his wife on my
+father's plantation in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, but had no children.
+He was selected from several who desired the place, as being a handy
+fellow all round. A pure negro, with flat nose, and merry disposition.
+From mere love of myself and a determination to see that I should never
+lack food or clothing, as long as he could obtain the wherewithal to
+prevent it, he was faithful in that service, just as a Confederate
+soldier was faithful in the service of the government he was fighting
+for. He wore a broad flat waterproof belt next to his skin, and
+scarcely ever had less than $100.00 therein, and often as high as
+$1,000.00. He was a good barber and clothes cleaner, and a handy man in
+many ways, and a few weeks stop of the army in camp soon replenished
+his "bank" and out of it he generally procured what was needed for me
+or himself or his friends, without any interference or direction from
+me.
+
+If he got more than he needed, he disposed of his surplus at a profit.
+I suppose that if neither a slick tongue nor money would procure
+necessities, he did not hesitate to "press" them. But his jolly
+flattering tongue, with the women of his race, along our routes made
+him their favorite, and when he bade them "goodbye" his "grub" bucket
+would be filled with the best to be had. When he and his pals were
+behind, when the wagon train came up, we did not kick, but would turn
+in, perhaps supperless, to sleep, knowing that some time before day,
+they would arrive with something to fill us up.
+
+I suppose that some of his class did desert to the enemy, but the large
+majority were true as steel to their masters and their duty, from the
+beginning to the end, often at great personal risk and none attached to
+our company ever deserted. They could have done so easily at any time,
+and been free inside of the enemies' lines, but personal loyalty to
+their masters and their own people, as they considered their master's
+families held them cheerfully to their duty. There was no compulsion
+about it. They struggled and foraged and speculated at their own sweet
+will, yet all the time, looking out for their master's interests over
+and above all else.
+
+These facts are some of the strongest proofs, that between masters and
+slaves of those old days, there were ties as strong as steel, in the
+close personal relationship that neither forgot. It had its counterpart
+in the love and service of the old "Mammy" to her master's family and
+children. She loved them, and delighted to serve and care for them,
+sometimes to the neglect of her own flesh and blood.
+
+One morning in bivouac, near Tuka, at breakfast, around the officers
+fire, there was served a fine skillet full of fried pigeons, with
+gravey and biscuit, washed down with burnt corn coffee. Old "Ike," Lt.
+Caldwell's darky had come in during the night from a forage, Lieut
+Hargrove with the others of the mess, was enjoying the meal when all at
+once, Hargrove says: "Ike, where did you get these pigeons?" "Oh! Marse
+Cole, don't you bodded about dat. You eat your breakfast." "Ike, you
+old rascal, I believe you stole these pigeons, and if I had anything
+else to eat, I wouldn't eat them." "Dar now, Marse Cole, it's a blessed
+thing, dat you'se got me and dese udder fellows to look atter dis mess,
+kaze if it twant for us, you'd go hungry many a time, and dats a fac."
+"Well," said another officer, "its a bully old breakfast any how, and
+we don't know when we'll get such another." From Tuka, the command with
+its wagons marched to Columbus, Mississippi, where it went into camp
+near the outskirts of the town. Here, there came down from Corinth,
+Aleck Dearing and John Bartee, who having been on sick furlough in
+Tuscaloosa, had missed the Tennessee campaign, with them were some
+others and also some conscripts among whom was Richard Maxwell, the
+youngest of the old firm of T. J. R. & R. Maxwell, who had to at last
+take the field, having served some time in Leach & Avery's hat factory
+and thus exempt for that time from conscription. This squad of
+returning men, had charge of boxes of clothing for most of the men in
+the command and provisions furnished by friends and relatives in
+Tuscaloosa, which they had gotton up to Corinth with it trying to reach
+Hood's army, wherever it might be. At Corinth some quartermaster had
+furnished them a wall tent with "fly" to protect the goods. When
+ordered to move with the goods from Corinth, down to Columbus, by
+train, they were ordered to return the tent and fly. But they were too
+experienced old soldiers for that, so they hustled boxes, tent and all
+to the train, and came on to Columbus, with the whole lay out. They
+made a present of the fly to the officers of the company, and kept the
+tent to protect the goods until distributed, and incidently themselves.
+This tent and fly were the only ones left in the company now, as
+nothing of the kind had been on hand for many a month.
+
+During rains, a blanket stretched over a pole, three feet from the
+ground, would somewhat shelter three men. When it was not raining,
+shelter was unnecessary to the hard old veterans.
+
+Once again and for the last time, Lumsden and most of his men got into
+whole and comfortable clothing. Our new comrade, Richard Maxwell did
+not hold out long. He had lately married a young wife, and nostalgia
+got hold of him, he lost all appetite, and was attacked with dysentery,
+so off he was sent to hospital in Columbus. There he did not improve,
+and he persuaded the surgeon in charge to order him to report to
+Tuscaloosa hospital. He soon found friends in Columbus to take him
+home. The most of Hood's army, that still had arms, were now rushed
+around by rail, via Meridian, Selma, Montgomery, West Point, Macon and
+on to North Carolina to Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, once more to try to
+prevent Sherman's march to the rear of Richmond. Our command having no
+guns was ordered to report to Gen. Dabney H. Maury, at Mobile, the old
+drivers now to act as cannoneers, making up sufficient to again man a
+four or six gun battery in a fort.
+
+At Mobile we were placed temporarily at Battery B., above Mobile in a
+fort with big cast iron siege guns, commanding a portion of the march.
+We were soon well drilled in the handling of siege artillery of this
+class, and also had some practice with small Coehorn mortars, firing at
+targets out in the marsh. Here, the boys went in for a good time
+whenever they could get permits to visit down in the city. They would
+test the restaurants to see what sort of meals Confederate money would
+still bring in a big city on the sea coast. Fish and oysters were
+plentiful, as well as eggs and vegetables. But for coffee we had to
+take whatever substitute was available. Usually sweet potatoes, okra or
+sage. For sweetening either long sweetening (molasses) or short
+sweetening (a moist clammy dark brown sugar.) For cream, if wanted, a
+beaten egg answered, but most of us preferred the "coffee" "barefooted
+and baldheaded," i.e., without cream or sugar, or "straight." Some
+little new corn whiskey, white as water, could be had also "sub rosa."
+Occasionally, at a social call at some private residence, home-made
+wine from grapes or blackberry might be set before the caller, but real
+coffee or tea, or white sugar was hardly to be had, for love or money.
+One night in company with a mess mate we got permission to go to the
+city to call on friends. These friends were the family of a commission
+merchant, who was a friend of our parents, and included an eldest
+daughter who was quite a noted authoress, extremely well read and
+learned, and two younger daughters. We found several high officers were
+also callers, rigged out in their best uniforms, with their proper
+insigma of rank in golden stars and lacing. We were in our new gray
+jeans jackets and pants and linsey shirts, lately gotton from home at
+Columbus. But that did not make any difference at all. We were
+welcomed, introduced all around, entertained on an equality. In fact
+one of the higher officers we found to be an old college mate. The
+officers from Generals to Captains were of course older than we, who
+were each only about twenty years of age, so that naturally they fell
+to the older members of the family, while we were entertained by the
+younger daughters, who were in their "teens." With back gammon checkers
+and cards the evening passed pleasantly. When we boys, who had to foot
+it two or three miles, made our adieux, the ladies accompanied us to
+the door, asked us to call on them again and the authoress said, as we
+were about to leave the door: "I hope you gentlemen will not form an
+opinion about the meteorology of Mobile, by what you have seen since
+your arrival." My friend said: "Yes, Madam," and we both bade them all
+good night. As we walked up the street, my friend said: "Jim, what in
+the mischief was that she said? Meteor-meteor, what? "Oh" I said: "She
+meant she hoped we would not think they had this sort of weather here,
+all the time." "Oh, shucks; I could not make it out."
+
+A few days after, Gen. Maury held a review of his army on Government
+Street. We were ordered in. We had in our company, several soldiers,
+who had neither coat nor pants. They were down to shirts and drawers,
+as nothing had come to them from Tuscaloosa, they being from another
+section. Capt. Lumsden sent for them and told them he would not insist
+on their going on parade, in that condition, but that if they would, he
+did not doubt, that it would result in getting them some clothing. They
+decided to go. So, when the parade was formed on Government Street, for
+Gen. Maury's inspection, these men showed up in the front rank, and
+caught the General's eye. He rode up to Lumsden and asked: "Captain,
+what does that mean, those men in ranks, in that condition?" "They have
+no clothing, Sir, but what they have on, and I have exhausted all means
+to obtain it, by requisition after requisition." "Can't you think of
+some way, Captain?" "If you will allow me to detail a man to go to
+Tuscaloosa, I do not doubt we can get all the clothes needed, in some
+way." "All right, Captain, make the detail, I will endorse it,
+approved." "Thank you, Sir, we will attend to it at once."
+
+On return to camp, Capt. Lumsden had orders written for the writer to
+proceed to Tuscaloosa on this business and started the papers up to
+headquarters in regular channel.
+
+But about March 20th, we were sent over to Spanish Fort, on the Eastern
+shore of Mobile river or rather Spanish river as the eastern channel is
+called, by steamer. We were placed in charge of an angle, at about the
+center of the fortified semi-circle that constituted the Fort, armed
+with 4 six pounder field guns. They seemed like pop guns in comparison
+with the 12 pounder Napoleons, that we had handled so long.
+
+We planted our front pretty thoroughly with mines, consisting of large
+shells buried with caps that would explode at the touch of a foot on a
+trigger, and we awaited the approach of the Federal force that had been
+landed below.
+
+On March 26th, he arrived before us entrenched and we had several
+lively artillery duels while he was so doing.
+
+By April 4th, he had in position 38 siege guns, including six 20 lb.
+rifles, 16 mortars and 37 field guns, when he opened fire at 5:00 a.m.,
+and continued until 7:00 a.m., and so continued on April 5th, 6th and
+7th. On April 8th, he had 53 siege guns in position, and 37 field guns.
+Closer and closer, came the parallels, each morning finding the Federal
+trenches closer than the day before, until any exposure of any part of
+the body, of either Yank or Confederate, would draw several bullets,
+men standing with rifles at shoulder beneath the head logs and finger
+on trigger, ready to fire at the least motion shown on opposite
+entrenchment.
+
+We were furnished, each man with a rifle, as well as our artillery, and
+our shoulders got sore with the continued kick of the firing. We were
+moved once along the line nearer the river on the northern line of the
+Fort.
+
+Here, Lieut. A. C. Hargrove, received the bullet that remained
+somewhere in his head during the balance of his life.
+
+That afternoon the orders detailing the writer to go to Tuscaloosa came
+back from headquarters, they were handed to him, and he was ordered to
+start at once to get the boat that would leave that night. This ended
+the writer's personal experience in Lumsden's battery. They evacuated
+with the garrison of the night of April and were transported over to
+Mobile, wading out into the Bay to meet the relieving boat.
+
+This practically ended the service of the command, which was
+transported by rail to Meridian and was part of the last organized
+command surrendered by Gen. Dick Taylor with his Department on the 4th
+day of May, 1865.
+
+There they went into service near Mobile, and after four years of
+active service in Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky and
+Georgia, they were disbanded near the scene of their first service.
+
+
+
+
+
+LUMSDEN'S BATTERY, (LIGHT ARTILLERY)
+C. S. A.
+
+Organized Nov. 4, 1861
+
+(6) Officers
+
+1. Charles L. Lumsden                  Captain.
+2. George W. Vaughn                    Sr. First Lieut.
+3. Harvey H. Cribbs                    Jr. First Lieut.
+4. Ebenezer H. Hargrove                Sr. Second Lieut.
+5. Edward Tarrant                      Jr. Second Lieut.
+6. Joseph Porter Sykes                 Cadet C. S. A.
+
+
+(14) Non-Commissioned Officers
+
+1. George Little                       Orderly Sergeant.
+2. John Snow                           Quartermaster Sergeant.
+3. John A. Caldwell                    Sergeant, First piece,
+     later elected Lieut., and James R. Maxwell
+     appointed in his place.
+4. Wiley G. W. Hester                  Sergeant, Second Piece.
+5. Sam Hairston                        Sergeant, Third Piece.
+6. Horace Walpole Martin               Sergeant, Fourth Piece.
+7. Andrew Coleman Hargrove             Sergeant, Fifth Piece.
+8. James L. Miller                     Sergeant, Sixth Piece.
+
+
+Corporals
+
+1. J. Wick Brown                       First Corporal
+2. James Cardwell                      Second Corporal
+3. Alex T. Dearing                     Third Corporal
+4. William Hester                      Fourth Corporal
+5. Thomas Owen                         Fifth Corporal
+6. Seth Shepherd                       Sixth Corporal
+
+
+PRIVATES
+
+ 1. Appling, Wm. B.                  94. Kahnweiler, Lewis
+ 2. Atkins                           95. Kelly, Daniel
+ 3. Austin, Thomas                   96. Kelly, Louis
+ 4. Bates, William                   97. Kilgore
+ 5. Bartee, John P.                  98. King, Edward
+ 6. Barker, William                  99. Kuykendall
+ 7. Barrett, Gideon                 100. Lashley
+ 8. Barrett, Frank                  101. Leslie
+ 9. Beatty, William                 102. Lane
+10. Baumeister, Joseph              103. Lanneau, K. Palmer
+11. Blackstock, Belson              104. Little, John, Jr.
+12. Booth, James                    105. Little, James
+13. Booth, David                    106. Lloyd, George
+14. Booth, Curtis                   107. Maddox, John
+15. Braun, William                  108. Malone, William
+16. Brady, Dennis                   109. Maner
+17. Brooks, Wade                    110. Menning, John
+18. Browne, Newborne H.             111. Maxwell, James R.
+19. Bulger                          112. Maxwell, Richard
+20. Burleson                        113. Matthews
+21. Conner                          114. Maher, Dennis
+22. Cooper, William                 115. Molette, John
+23. Cosmer                          116. Moore, Dr.
+24. Cox                             117. Morris, William
+25. Chancellor, John S.             118. Milton
+26. Chancellor, M. H.               119. Moss
+27. Creel                           120. Moody, Joseph
+28. Crocker                         121. Parish, James
+29. Cummins, St. John               122. Mason, Isaac
+30. Darden, Morgan, M.              123. Nix, Ambrose
+31. Deason, Peter                   124. Nix, John
+32. Deason, Washington              125. Parker, Foster
+33. Dehart                          126. Pearce
+34. Delano, Sirenus                 127. Peoples, John
+35. Donoho, Charles M.              128. Peterson, H. C.
+36. Donoho, Henry                   129. Pollard, J. W.
+37. Drake, John                     130. Pool, Erwin P.
+38. Emerson, James                  131. Post, Peter K.
+39. Evans, E. P.                    132. Potts, Thomas W.
+40. Evans, John                     133. Papin
+41. Etheridge, Henry                134. Ray, George
+42. Faucett, Thomas                 135. Raley
+43. Fiquet, Charles J.              136. Renfro
+44. Fleming, William                137. Rosser, R. M.
+45. Foster, Robert S.               138. Rosser, L. H.
+46. Foster, Robert Ware             139. Rosser, H. L.
+47. Franks                          140. Ryland, Joseph H.
+48. Franks                          141. Sadler
+49. Franks                          142. Sample, Joseph
+50. Franks                          143. Sartain
+51. Franks                          144. Savage, John
+52. Fulghem                         145. Scrivner, Sr., R.
+53. Gaddy, R. M.                    146. Scrivner, Jr., R.
+54. Garner, Abraham                 147. Scrivner, James
+55. Garner, John                    148. Sexton, Benjamen F.
+56. Garner, Thomas                  149. Sexton, Horace H.
+57. Goodwin, James                  150. Shuttlesworth, R. F.
+58. Goodwin, Wyche                  151. Shultz, David
+59. Goodwin                         152. Shultz, Thomas J.
+60. Graham                          153. Searcy, James T.
+61. Grayson, Preston                154. Sims, J. Marion
+62. Guild, Walter                   155. Staley, Charles
+63. Gurley, Jacob                   156. Shivers, J. Mc.
+64. Hall, Joshua                    157. Sutton, Jack
+65. Hall, John                      158. Sykes, John
+66. Hall, Zach                      159. Smith, George W.
+67. Hamner, John                    160. Tackett, William
+68. Haney, John W.                  161. Tarrant, John F.
+69. Hargrove, Arthur                162. Tarrant, William
+70. Hargrove, Daniel                163. Thompson, A. J.
+71. Hargrove, Rufus                 164. Thompson, M. D.
+72. Hargrove, Tenetus               165. Thornton, Arthur
+73. Hester, William C.              166. Thrower, J. T.
+74. Hester, Thomas J.               167. Tingle
+75. Higbee, V.                      168. Toole, George
+76. Highsaw, Nathaniel              169. Townsend
+77. Hildebrand                      170. Trehorn
+78. Hill, Dr.                       171. Vance, John
+79. Hogan, James                    172. Vandiver, William
+80. Holcomb, Thomas                 173. Walker, John
+81. Horton, John                    174. Walker, Robert G.
+82. Howard, Daniel                  175. Waite
+83. Howard, Charles B.              176. Watkins
+84. Hunter, Thomas                  177. Watkins, John
+85. Hocutt                          178. Weems, John
+86. Hyche, Perry                    179. Wilborn, Thomas J.
+87. Hyche, John                     180. Wilds
+88. Hughes, Anthony                 181. Winborn, D.
+89. Jenkins, William                182. Williams
+90. Johnson, William H.             183. White
+91. Jones, David                    184. Winn, John
+92. Jones, James T.                 185. Woodruff, William
+93. Jones, Lawrence                 186. Wooley, B. F.
+
+
+Surgeons: Marlowe, Nicholas, Perkins, McMichall and Jarratt.
+
+
+SUMMARY
+
+Officers                                  6
+Surgeons                                  3
+Officers, Non-commissioned               14
+Privates                                186
+Names not recalled                       16
+                                        ___
+Total                                   225
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of Lumsden's Battery, C.S.A., by
+George Little and James Robert Maxwell
+
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