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+Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Ladies Book of Useful Information
+       Compiled from many sources
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2008 [EBook #26368]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LADIES BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Irma Spehar and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions
+(www.canadiana.org))
+
+
+
+
+
+                           THE LADIES' BOOK
+                                  OF
+                          USEFUL INFORMATION.
+
+
+                      COMPILED FROM MANY SOURCES.
+
+
+                             London, Ont.:
+              LONDON PRINTING & LITHOGRAPHING CO. (LTD.)
+                                 1896.
+
+Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year
+1897, on behalf of the unnamed author, by P. J. Edmunds, at the
+Department of Agriculture. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+
+
+
+
+                               Preface.
+
+
+To the ladies of America is this little work, “THE LADIES' BOOK OF
+USEFUL INFORMATION,” dedicated. It is a book written expressly for
+women. This book is full from cover to cover of useful and necessary
+information for women. Never before has so much knowledge with which
+women should be acquainted been printed in one book. It is a perfect
+storehouse of useful facts. Almost every lady spends many dollars
+every year for cosmetics, medicines, household articles, etc., which
+this book would save her.
+
+This is a book which every lady should have, and which every mother
+should place in the hands of her daughters as they come to years of
+understanding. Every girl of twelve and upwards should read this
+valuable work.
+
+Many books costing from three to five dollars do not contain half the
+information contained in this work. Everything described in this
+preface is taught in this book.
+
+It teaches ladies the secret of Youth, Beauty, Health.
+
+The first chapter teaches all about Personal Beauty.
+
+Every lady desires to be beautiful, and it is the duty of every woman
+to be as attractive as possible. All may enhance their charms and be
+lovely by following the directions of this book. Few persons know how
+to improve their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the
+admiration of those whom they meet. This book tells the wonderful
+secret—all the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered
+since. It teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness.
+The real secret of changing an ordinary looking person into one of
+great beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for
+us, but art must make the perfect man or woman.
+
+If you desire bright, melting eyes, a clear, soft, rose-tinted
+complexion, beautiful hands and graceful figure, well-developed and
+perfect, use the knowledge which you will find in this book.
+
+It teaches how to acquire a beautiful, delicate loveliness which
+cannot be surpassed, and which can be retained to a very late age. By
+means of this teaching a woman of thirty-five or forty can easily pass
+for a girl of twenty-five.
+
+It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age, and how to make the
+most stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white.
+Remember that “THE LADIES' BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION” does not teach
+the use of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how
+to make the _cheek glow_ with health, and the _neck_, _arms_ and
+_hands_ to rival the lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy
+Skin, Freckles, Pimples, Wrinkles, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches,
+Face Grubs, Tan, Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc.
+
+It teaches how to cure and prevent redness and roughness, and to make
+the skin soft, smooth, white and delicate, producing a perfectly
+natural appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin,
+so that it will be clear and white.
+
+It tells what has never before been published: How to restore a fair,
+rosy complexion to its original freshness, after it has become sallow
+and faded. This is a wonderful secret, and is sure in its results. It
+will also cause those who have always been pale to have beautiful,
+bright, rosy cheeks, and the eyes to be brilliant and sparkling.
+
+It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this book. The most
+coarse, rough, red hands will, by following this teaching, become
+beautifully delicate and white, and it causes very little trouble to
+care for them.
+
+It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and to
+have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy, to cure Dandruff, to prevent the hair falling, and
+to have it of a nice glossy hue.
+
+It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes; also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.
+
+It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.
+
+It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.
+
+It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet, Bad
+Breath, etc.
+
+It teaches how to bleach, purify and whiten the most stubbornly red,
+rough skin, so that it will be beautifully clear and white; and a
+complexion that is naturally passable will be admired by all who see
+it after being treated as here described.
+
+The second chapter teaches: The different human temperaments; how to
+tell to which temperament you belong yourself, and also the
+temperaments of those whom you meet;
+
+The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month, and their importance
+at the hour of birth;
+
+Important advice to females regarding their thirty-first year;
+
+How to know whom you will marry;
+
+The signs of a good genius;
+
+All about Electrical Psychology, or Psychological
+Fascination—Mesmerism;
+
+How to make persons at a distance think of you (this is a purely
+natural phenomenon);
+
+How to win the affection of the person of the opposite sex whom you
+sincerely love. There is no black art about this, but merely
+psychological attraction, and by its use you can win the love of the
+person whose affection you desire.
+
+When you desire the “love” of any one whom you meet, you can very
+readily reach him if you observe the directions here given.
+
+Chapter three is a special chapter for young women, on a special
+subject, and contains advice which every young lady should study.
+
+It teaches them: What marriage is, and explains how highly injurious
+it is to entertain low ideas regarding it;
+
+How a young lady should act in the presence of young men;
+
+What a girl should do when a prospect of marriage occurs.
+
+It tells some of the most prolific sources of matrimonial
+difficulties, and how to remedy them;
+
+What ladies should do who desire that their husbands should be amiable
+and kind;
+
+What attentions are due to you _as a lady_.
+
+Cautions against the failing of young ladies making themselves too
+cheap.
+
+Tells what “woman” is formed to be.
+
+Warns against indiscretions before marriage, and teaches that under
+all circumstance a lady will be looked to to resist any advances, and
+maintain her purity and virtue.
+
+Tells what is the nature, naturally, of young women;
+
+How a young woman should act when receiving the attentions of a young
+man;
+
+How you will know when the young man whom you _should marry_ presents
+himself to you;
+
+What a man needs a wife for, and how to qualify yourself for the
+position;
+
+About misunderstandings in early married life;
+
+How a young mother feels towards her first-born.
+
+Tells the good influence of virtuous love;
+
+What young people should know before they become engaged.
+
+Chapter four teaches about Love and Marriage; the attraction of the
+sexes for each other; what love is; what causes it; individual loves;
+fondness for cousins; different kinds of love; flirtation; the object
+of marriage; should marriage be for life.
+
+Chapter five: When to Marry—How to Select a Partner on Right
+Principles.
+
+Treats of the proper age to marry; which marriages are the most happy;
+which are the most productive of handsome children; how nature assists
+art in the choice of partners; the attributes of a handsome couple,
+etc.
+
+Chapter six: Sexual Intercourse—Its Laws and Conditions—Its Use and
+Abuse.
+
+There is an alarming and increasing prevalence of nervous ailments and
+complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+in the ignorance, which is so universal, of the laws of these organs.
+
+This chapter teaches all about sexual morality; how men and women
+should live; the law from the age of puberty to marriage; the law of
+marriage; what a man who truly loves a woman will do; a true union;
+how women are protected; the false and the true sense of duty; what is
+the most powerful restraint from evil.
+
+The above is discussed in a chaste, simple, manner, and should be read
+by every lady. There is nothing impure in this book from beginning to
+end, but subjects in which women are woefully ignorant are discussed
+in a plain, moral manner to which no objection can be raised.
+
+Chapter seven: Marriage.
+
+What marriage is; how far back the marriage tie has existed; polygamy,
+what it is; monogamy, what it is; polyandry, and what it is; marriage
+customs; the basis of a happy marriage, etc.
+
+Chapter eight: Pregnancy—Labor—Parturition.
+
+Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman than
+that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own, and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.
+
+This chapter explains all the signs of pregnancy; the changes that
+take place in the face and neck; the suppression of the monthly flow;
+changes in the breast, etc.
+
+Then it gives a sure test for the detection of pregnancy. It tells how
+a pregnant woman should live during the period of gestation.
+
+Childbirth is not necessarily either painful or dangerous. It can be
+accomplished easily and safely and with comparatively no pain by
+following the directions given in “THE LADIES' BOOK OF USEFUL
+INFORMATION.”
+
+Numerous instances are known where ladies who had previously suffered
+with severe labor in childbirth have, by attending to the directions
+here given, been delivered of fine, healthy children with comparative
+ease.
+
+No mother who has attended to the teaching here given but has blessed
+the knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother much
+needless terror.
+
+It tells all about the ailments that almost always torment women
+during the trying time of pregnancy, making life itself seem a burden.
+
+These troubles are: Morning Sickness, Toothache, Palpitation of the
+Heart, etc. It shows that there is no necessity for women suffering as
+they almost invariably do during this time; but that these troubles
+may be overcome by simple, safe remedies which are described in this
+book, and which may be safely taken by the patient.
+
+It tells all about the medicine which is taken by the Indian women of
+North America during the period of gestation. It is well known that
+the women of these tribes suffer very little during childbirth, and it
+is almost all due to the effects of this wonderful medicine.
+
+The recipe for this medicine, “Parturient Balm,” was obtained from an
+Indian doctor, and is given in this book, together with instructions
+as to how it is to be taken.
+
+This chapter alone is worth the price of the book to any lady. Every
+mother, and everyone who ever expects to become a mother, should
+carefully study the above chapter, as it may be the means of saving
+her much pain and suffering.
+
+The same chapter explains all about a case of labor; the signs that
+show when labor has commenced; what to give to help the patient; the
+different kinds of pains; the length of time between the pains; the
+length of time the pains should last, etc.; the taking of the child
+from the mother; how to care for the child; the taking away of the
+afterbirth; what to do in case of flooding; how to relieve afterpains,
+etc.
+
+It also explains what “Abortion” is; what causes abortion; what causes
+premature labor; the difference between the two; symptoms of
+threatened abortion, and how to prevent the same if possible; what to
+do for miscarriage, and to try and prevent it, etc.
+
+The ninth chapter teaches all about: Menstruation—Change of
+Life—Falling of the Womb, etc. Tells the time of life at which the
+menses should appear.
+
+Every mother should watch her young daughter as she nears this
+critical time. The health for many years to come depends to a great
+extent on how a girl passes this period. This chapter tells all the
+symptoms of the near approach of the monthly flow. It shows a mother
+how to care for her daughter, and to see that she has proper attention
+during this time.
+
+It tells the age at which the periodical flow should commence; the
+symptoms of its approach; how a girl should be treated at this time;
+how to cure Chlorosis, or Green Sickness; how to relieve and cure
+painful and suppressed menstruation, etc.
+
+If the instructions of this book are followed in cases like the above,
+it will save many young girls much needless suffering.
+
+This chapter also treats on: Whites, or Flour Albus, and Falling of
+the Womb.
+
+Many delicate women suffer great agony through these two distressing
+complaints. This chapter describes all the symptoms of these
+complaints, and gives simple, safe remedies for them. A lady can
+easily attend to herself and avoid exposure.
+
+It also treats on Change of Life.
+
+By the phrase “Change of Life,” or “The Critical Period,” we
+understand the final cessation or stoppage of the menses. This chapter
+explains all about this trying time, the symptoms of its appearance,
+and the ages at which it usually occurs.
+
+With proper care this period may be safely passed, and a happy and
+comfortable old age be spent. All the dangers incident to this period
+are described, and how to successfully combat them.
+
+Chapter ten: Collection of valuable Medical Compounds.
+
+Any of the formulas in this chapter will be readily filled by your
+druggist. Each recipe will give an article which is the _very best_
+thing that can be used for the disease which it is recommended to
+cure.
+
+The first is “Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer.”
+
+Most people are afflicted to some extent with Kidney and Liver
+trouble. This medicine is a sure cure.
+
+Do you have:  A frequent headache over the eyes;
+              A susceptibility to chills and fever;
+              A bitter or oily taste in the mouth;
+              A sour stomach;
+              A complexion inclined to be yellow;
+              A great depression of spirits;
+              Specks before the eyes, and flushed face;
+              A done-out, tired feeling;
+
+besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have, you
+are afflicted with Kidney and Liver complaint, and should use “Magic
+Kidney and Liver Restorer.” This great remedy will do away with all
+these disagreeable symptoms, and will make you feel like a new person.
+It is a splendid spring medicine, cleansing the blood and purifying
+and toning up the system.
+
+Another formula given is “Dyspeptic Ley.”
+
+This is a _sure, certain_ cure for dyspepsia. It never fails.
+
+The symptoms of dyspepsia are:
+              Feeling of weight in the stomach;
+              Bloated condition after eating;
+              Belching of wind;
+              Nausea;
+              Vomiting of food;
+              Water brash;
+              Pain in the stomach;
+              Heartburn;
+              Bad taste in the mouth in the morning;
+              Palpitation of the heart;
+              Cankered mouth; loss of flesh;
+              Fickle appetite; depression of spirits;
+              Lack of energy; headache and constipation.
+
+If you have _any or all_ of the above symptoms, then you are afflicted
+with Dyspepsia, and should endeavor to obtain relief. “Dyspeptic Ley”
+is a certain cure. It is easily prepared, and should be taken by
+everyone who is afflicted with any of the above distressing symptoms.
+
+The same chapter tells how to cure Ague, Intermittent Fever,
+Neuralgia, Sick Headache, Neuralgic Headache, Rheumatism, Dysentery,
+Epileptic Fits, Hysteria, Bleeding of the Lungs, Coughs, Bowel
+Complaint, Scrofula, Worms, Sore Eyes, Cholera, Piles, Warts, Corns,
+Deafness, Inverted Toe-nail, etc.
+
+All these diseases are described, together with the best method of
+treating them.
+
+Chapter eleven teaches how to Prepare Nourishment for the Sick Room.
+Very few people know how to prepare nourishment for the sick. This
+chapter teaches how to prepare a great number of nourishing dishes.
+Every lady should know how to prepare food for the sick, as at some
+time or other there is almost certain to be sickness in every family.
+There are over forty recipes given in this chapter for food for the
+sick and convalescent.
+
+Chapter twelve describes things Curious and Useful.
+
+It tells: How to get clear of mosquitoes; how to get rid of bedbugs;
+to obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter. By this process the buds of
+flowers can be gathered in summer and autumn and kept until the
+winter, when they can be used as required. The flowers open and are as
+beautiful as though fresh plucked from the garden. Any one can
+understand the process, as it is very simple.
+
+Also: How to transfer all kinds of pictures on to glass—a very pretty
+art; how to prevent horses being teased by flies; how to prevent flies
+lighting on to windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; to render paper
+fireproof; to render boots waterproof; how to extract the essential
+oil from any flower; how to take leaf photographs; to cure
+drunkenness; to make different kinds of perfumes; to write secret
+letters, etc.;
+
+To prepare flowers so that their beauty will remain unimpaired for
+years. Roses and other flowers can be had to last for years by this
+beautiful art. The process is very easy, and the directions are so
+simple that a child may follow them.
+
+Chapter thirteen treats of Home Decoration.
+
+It teaches how to arrange a house so as to furnish it cheaply and
+harmoniously. It gives complete instructions for every room—Hall,
+Parlor, Library, Dining-room, Bedrooms, etc., and attends to every
+detail. This is a splendid guide to all who wish to make their home
+attractive.
+
+Chapter fourteen teaches all about caring for House Plants. It tells
+the right temperature to keep them in; the proper soil for potting;
+how to make plants grow luxuriantly; how to have plenty of blossoms;
+to keep plants without a fire at night; to destroy bugs and
+rose-slugs; to raise plants with the least trouble; the best varieties
+of plants to raise, etc.
+
+It tells how to preserve autumn leaves so that they can be bent in any
+form desired, and so that they will retain their color.
+
+It tells how to prepare skeleton leaves—a very pretty amusement.
+
+Chapter fifteen is devoted to The Laundry.
+
+It tells: How to make washing fluid; to take out scorch; to make
+plain, fine, and coffee starch; to make enamel for shirt bosoms, so
+that any housekeeper can do them up as nicely as they do at the
+laundry; to clean velvets and ribbons; to take grease out of silks,
+woolens, paper, floors, etc.; to take out fruit stains; to take out
+iron rust and mildew; to wash woolen goods and blankets so that they
+will not shrink, etc.
+
+The sixteenth chapter teaches how to do all kinds of Stamping.
+
+In this chapter are given full instructions for wet and dry stamping;
+for making stamping powder; how to mix white paint for dark goods, and
+dark paint for light goods; it tells how to prepare all the necessary
+articles for stamping; how to prepare transfer paper; how to transfer
+any pattern you may see; how to make a distributor; how to enlarge
+designs; how to prepare all kinds of stamping powder; how to do French
+indelible stamping; what kind of a brush to use; and how to care for
+patterns. If the directions here given are followed the stamping will
+always be satisfactory.
+
+Chapter seventeen teaches how to do Bronze Work.
+
+Bronzing is the latest improvement in wax work, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive, artistic bronze. It is
+used for table, mantel and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to
+dust and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted
+like any piece of furniture, and makes a very desirable, inexpensive
+ornament. The colors it is made in are Gold, Silver, Copper, Fire, and
+Green Bronze. Among the articles described are a vase in bronze, a
+motto in bronze, a floral basket in bronze, animals and birds in
+bronze, statuary in bronze, flowers and leaves in bronze.
+
+The art of making each of the above articles is carefully described so
+that any one can follow the directions.
+
+The art of Decalcomania is also taught in this chapter. This is used
+upon almost everything for which ornamentation is required, such as
+Crockery, China, Porcelain, Vases, Glass, Bookcases, Folios, Boxes,
+Lap desks, Ribbons, etc. It is a very pretty art, and is much admired.
+
+Chapter eighteen gives twelve recipes for articles needed in every
+household. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of
+household expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles
+you use in your daily housework of a superior quality, vastly better
+than the ones you are using at the present time.
+
+It is a fact not generally known, that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the
+price the consumer pays. We purpose to show the readers of this book
+how to have, in most instances, better articles than those they buy,
+for a small percentage of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own
+personal investigation, gathered a number of valuable recipes
+together, and have paid for the privilege of using them.
+
+We give in “The Ladies' Book of Useful Information” twelve recipes
+which have never before been published, and which, if you once
+possess, you will never wish to be without, as they are truly valuable
+secrets.
+
+The list is as follows: Healing salve; Magnetic croup cure; Worm
+elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish; Wonderful starch enamel;
+Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I X L baking powder; Electric
+powder; French polish or dressing for leather; Artificial honey.
+
+It also contains a list of all the poisons and their antidotes. It
+describes the symptoms of poisoning and how to proceed in each case.
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER I.
+
+Teaches all about Personal Beauty. Every woman desires to be
+beautiful, and every woman may enhance her charms and be lovely by
+following the directions of this book. Few persons know how to improve
+their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the admiration
+of those whom they meet. This book tells this wonderful secret—all
+the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered since. It
+teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness. The real
+_secret_ of changing an ordinary looking person into one of great
+beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for us,
+but art must make the perfect man or woman. If you desire bright,
+melting eyes; a clear, soft, rosy-tinted complexion; beautiful hands;
+and graceful figure, well-developed and perfect, use the knowledge
+which you will find in this book.
+
+It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age; how to make the most
+stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white. Remember
+that “The Ladies' Book of Useful Information” does not teach the use
+of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how to make
+the cheek glow with health, and the neck, arms, and hands to rival the
+lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy Skin, Freckles,
+Wrinkles, Pimples, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches, Face Grubs, Tan,
+Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc. It teaches how to cure and
+prevent redness and roughness, and to make the skin soft, smooth,
+white and delicate, producing a perfectly healthy and natural
+appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin, so that
+it will be clear and white.
+
+It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this chapter.
+
+It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and to
+have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy; to cure dandruff; to prevent the hair falling, and
+to have it of a nice color.
+
+It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes. Also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.
+
+It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.
+
+It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.
+
+It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet, Bad
+Breath, etc.
+
+The following formulas for Toilet Preparations are all given in this
+book. They are vastly superior to the much-advertised cosmetics which
+flood the market. Your druggist will fill any of these recipes for a
+very small sum, and you will always have a superior article. Each of
+these preparations will do exactly what is claimed for it.
+
+The following is a list of what is given in the first chapter: Lotion
+to remove freckles and tan; To expel freckles; Cleopatra's Freckle
+Balm; Lemon Cream, for sunburn and freckles; Wash to prevent sunburn;
+Grape lotion, for sunburn; Pate Axerasive of Bozin, to soften and
+whiten the skin; To remove red pimples; To remove black specks or
+flesh-grubs; Preparation for whitening the face and neck (bleaches and
+whitens the skin); To cure profuse perspiration; Cleopatra's Enamel
+for whitening the hands and arms; To cure freckles, and parched, rough
+skin; To purify the breath; To bleach and purify the skin of the face
+and neck; To permanently remove black specks or flesh-worms; French
+face-wash (purifies and brightens the complexion); To remove pimples;
+Kalydor for the complexion—for pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or scurf
+on the skin; To improve the skin; Wash a la Marie Antoinette (gives a
+beautiful brilliancy to the complexion); Liquid Rouge (harmless), a
+perfect imitation of nature; Milk of Roses, a cosmetic; Circassian
+Cream; Toilet Vinegar; Bloom Rose; Certain cure for eruptions,
+pimples, etc.; To clear the complexion and reduce the size of the
+face; To cure and refine a stippled or blotched skin; To cure and
+prevent wrinkles; Wash for wrinkles; To remove wrinkles; How to have
+brilliant, beautiful eyes; To cure weak eyes; To improve the
+eyelashes; To cure weakness of eyes; How to have beautiful eyelashes;
+To cure watery and inflamed eyes; To strengthen the sight; What to do
+for nearsightedness; How to have a beautiful mouth and lips; To make
+lip salve; French lip salve; German lip salve; To care for the teeth;
+To cure toothache; Premium tooth powder; Feuchtwanger's tooth paste;
+Fine tooth powder; Rye tooth powder; To cure foul breath; To have
+white and beautiful teeth; For decayed teeth; To remove yellow color
+from teeth; Camphor paste; Powerfully cleansing dentifrice;
+Infallible cure for toothache; Mixture for decayed teeth; To whiten
+and beautify the teeth.
+
+How to have soft, white and beautiful hands; How to care for the
+hands; Bleaching lotion for the hands (renders them beautifully
+white); To remove stains from hands; To make the hands white and
+delicate; Remedy for chapped hands; To whiten coarse and dark-skinned
+hands; To cure red hands; Almond paste for the hands; To care for the
+nails.
+
+To cause the skin to become satin-smooth and to smell like violets.
+
+To cause those who have lost the bloom and fairness of early youth to
+regain them.
+
+How to care for the hair; How often to wash the hair; To improve the
+growth and luxuriance of the hair; To make the hair glossy; To impart
+curliness or waviness to the hair when it is naturally straight; On
+changing the color of the hair; To have elegant hair; Wild Rose
+curling fluid; To cause the hair to grow very thick; Lola Montez hair
+coloring; Hair Restorative; For bald heads; Excellent hair wash; To
+cure baldness; Stimulants for the hair; The golden hair secret; For
+keeping the hair crimped or curled in summer; To bleach the hair; For
+improving the hair; Pomade for preserving the hair; To make the hair
+grow and to prevent it from falling; To make the hair grow quick; Wash
+for scald heads, etc.
+
+Powders and their use: Boston Burnet powder for the face; Queen Bess
+complexion wash.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+
+Treats of miscellaneous matters: The human temperaments—How many
+there are—What they are; How to tell to which temperament you belong.
+
+The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month; Days of the week, and
+their importance at the natal hour.
+
+Important advice to females.
+
+To know whom you will marry.
+
+The signs of a good genius.
+
+Electrical Psychology, or Psychological Fascination.
+
+Mesmerism.
+
+How to make persons at a distance think of you.
+
+How to win the love of the person whom you love.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER III.
+
+A special chapter for young women: On marriage; What young women look
+forward to; What it is best to do when a prospect of marrying occurs;
+What a husband looks for; What marriage affords; On making yourself
+cheap; How to protect yourself; About courtship; Care of your
+character; How easily men are led astray, and how cautious you should
+be; What state of life is most honorable; Important points for your
+consideration; To make a husband happy; Nature of young women; On
+attracting the attention of young men; Young man's part; Young woman's
+part; Parents' wishes; How young men act in female company; Modesty;
+Courtship; On near relations marrying; On dress; What men need wives
+for; A mother's pleasure at the birth of her first child; How
+differently girls and boys are constituted; What young people should
+study before they become engaged.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+
+Love and marriage; The attraction of the sexes for each other; What
+love is; What causes love; Individual loves; Fondness for cousins;
+Different kinds of love; Flirtation; Monogamy; Polygamy; The special
+object of marriage; Should marriage be for life.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER V.
+
+When to marry; How to select a partner on right principles; Very early
+marriages; The best age to marry; When marriages are most happy; The
+attributes of a handsome couple.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+
+Sexual Intercourse—Its laws and conditions—Its use and abuse: A
+prevalent error; The law of sexual morality; What men expect; How men
+and women should live; Age of puberty to marriage; The law of
+marriage; What a man who truly loves a woman will do; A true union;
+Seduction; How women are protected; The false and the true sense of
+duty. What is the most powerful restraint from evil.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VII.
+
+Marriage: What marriage is; How far back the marriage tie has existed;
+Polygamy—What it is; Monogamy—What it is; Polyandry—What it is;
+Marriage customs; The basis of a happy marriage.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+
+Pregnancy—Labor—Parturition: The signs of pregnancy; The changes
+that take place in the appearance; How soon after conception these
+changes take place; The period of gestation; Changes in the breasts;
+What causes labor; How labor may be rendered safe and easy; What the
+diet should consist of; The period of quickening; How to relieve the
+toothache, cramping of the legs, palpitation of the heart, morning
+sickness, etc., with which pregnant women are liable to be troubled;
+Sure test for the detection of pregnancy; Parturient Balm, a very
+important medicine; Abortion; Premature labor; The cause of abortion;
+Symptoms of threatened abortion; What to do for a threatened abortion;
+What to do for miscarriage; To prevent miscarriage.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+
+Menstruation: The time of life at which it should appear; Signs of
+approaching puberty; Duty of mothers; Delayed and obstructed
+menstruation—What to do for it; Chlorosis, or green sickness—What to
+do for it—What it is caused by; Too profuse menstruation—How to
+treat it; Painful menstruation, or menstrual colic—How to treat it;
+Amenorrhœa, or suppressed menstruation—What causes this, and how
+to treat it.
+
+Cessation of the menses, or change of life: Very important advice is
+given as to the way in which the patient should treat herself, which,
+if followed, will be of great benefit.
+
+Falling of the Womb: What causes it, and how the patient should be
+treated.
+
+Leucorrhœa—Whites—Flour Albus: What this disease is; What causes
+it; How to relieve and cure it.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER X.
+
+Collection of valuable Medical Compounds: Magic kidney and liver
+restorer; Hop bitters; Alterative or liver powders; Anti-dyspeptic
+pills; Dyspeptic ley (sure cure for dyspepsia); Ague pills; Certain
+remedy for ague or intermittent fever; Fever powders; Ague drops;
+Pills for neuralgia; Sick headache pills; Anodyne headache pills;
+Rheumatic pills; Pills for dysentery; Epileptic pills; Pills for
+asthma; Hysteric pills; Pills for neuralgia; Cure for bleeding of the
+lungs; Cure for consumption; Cough syrup; Soothing cough mixture;
+Expectorant tincture; Sure remedy for bowel complaints; Cordial for
+summer complaint; Scrofulous syrup; Eyewater; Tincture for rheumatism;
+Worm elixir; Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy; Pile ointment (sure cure);
+To cure warts and corns; Cure for deafness; Cure for inverted
+toe-nail.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+
+Things for the Sick Room. Tells how to prepare the following articles
+for the sick and convalescent: Barley water; Sage tea; Refreshing
+drink for fevers; Arrowroot jelly; Irish moss jelly; Isinglass jelly;
+Tapioca jelly; Toast; Rice; Bread jelly; Rice gruel; Water gruel;
+Arrowroot gruel; Beef liquid; Beef tea; Panado; French milk porridge;
+Coffee milk; Drink for dysentery; Crust coffee; Cranberry water; Wine
+whey; Mustard whey; Chicken broth; Calves'-foot jelly; Slippery elm
+jelly; Nutritive fluids; Gum acacia restorative; Soups for the
+convalescent; Eggs; Milk for infants; Water gruel.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XII.
+
+Things Curious and Useful: To get clear of mosquitoes; To get rid of
+bedbugs; To obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter; To increase the
+laying of eggs in hens; The art of transferring on to glass; To
+prevent horses being teased by flies; To prevent flies lighting on
+windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; To make leather wear forever; To
+prepare waterproof boots; To render paper fireproof; To cure
+drunkenness; To cure laziness; To take leaf photographs; To make lamp
+wicks indestructible; To make different kinds of perfumes; To write
+secret letters; To preserve flowers.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+
+Home Decoration: On furnishing a house; How to furnish the Parlor,
+Library, Dining-room, Hall, Chambers, and Kitchen; Telling the proper
+way of arranging each room tastefully and economically.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIV.
+
+How to Care for House Plants: How to succeed with plants; A good
+collection of plants; To kill the spider; To start slips; To keep
+plants without a fire at night; To kill rose-slugs; On watering
+plants.
+
+To prepare autumn leaves and ferns; To prepare skeleton leaves; Pretty
+hanging baskets.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+
+The Laundry: To make washing fluid; Gall soap; For washing woolens and
+fine prints; To take out scorch; To make bluing; To make coffee
+starch; To make flour starch; To make fine starch; Enamel for shirt
+bosoms; To clean articles made of white zephyr; To clean velvet; To
+clean ribbons; To take out paint; To remove ink stain; To take out
+fruit stains; To remove iron rust; To take out mildew; To wash
+flannels in tepid water.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVI.
+
+How to do your own Stamping and make your own Patterns: The articles
+needed for stamping; To make perforated patterns; To enlarge designs;
+To stamp; To make blue powder; To do French indelible stamping; To
+make paint for stamping; The proper brush to use; To make a
+distributor; To care for patterns.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+
+Bronze Work: What bronze work is; The articles required for doing
+bronze work; The art of making a vase in bronze; A motto; A floral
+basket; Copper bronze statuary; The art of making exotic leaves; To
+make leaves and flowers, etc.; Decalcomania—The uses to which it may
+be put.
+
+
+                            CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+A chapter of useful things to know. How to prepare: Healing salve;
+Magnetic croup cure; Worm elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish;
+Wonderful starch enamel; Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I X
+L baking powder; Electric powder; French polish, or dressing for
+leather; Artificial honey. Table of poisons and their antidotes.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE LADIES' BOOK
+                                  OF
+                          USEFUL INFORMATION.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER I.
+
+                           PERSONAL BEAUTY.
+
+       Treating of the Care of the Skin, Hair, Teeth, and Eyes,
+            so as to have each arrive at the highest degree
+                  of beauty of which each is capable.
+
+
+A great object of importance, of care to every lady, is the care of
+her complexion. There is nothing more pleasing to the eye than a
+delicate, smooth skin; and besides being pleasing to the eye, is an
+evidence of health, and gives additional grace to the most regular
+features. The choice of soaps has considerable influence in promoting
+and maintaining this desideratum. These should invariably be selected
+of the finest kinds, and used sparingly, and never with cold water,
+for the alkali which, more or less, mingles in the composition of all
+soaps has an undoubted tendency to irritate a delicate skin; warm
+water excites a gentle perspiration, thereby assisting the skin to
+throw off those natural secretions which, if allowed to remain, are
+likely to accumulate below the skin and produce roughness, pimples,
+and even eruptions of an obstinate and unpleasant character. Those
+soaps which ensure a moderate fairness and flexibility of the skin are
+the most desirable for regular use.
+
+Pomades, when properly prepared, contribute in an especial manner to
+preserve the softness and elasticity of the skin, their effect being
+of an emollient and congenial nature; and, moreover, they can be
+applied on retiring to rest, when their effects are not liable to be
+disturbed by the action of the atmosphere, muscular exertions or
+nervous influences.
+
+The use of paints has been very correctly characterized as “a species
+of corporeal hypocrisy as subversive of delicacy of mind as it is of
+the natural complexion,” and has been, of late years, discarded at the
+toilette of every lady.
+
+The use of cosmetics has been common in all ages and in every land.
+Scripture itself records the painting of Jezebel; and Ezekiel, the
+prophet, speaks of the eye-painting common among the women; and
+Jeremiah, of rending the face with painting—a most expressive term
+for the destruction of beauty by such means. For the surest destroyers
+of real beauty are its simulators. The usurper destroys the rightful
+sovereign.
+
+That paint can ever deceive people, or really add beauty for more than
+the duration of an acted charade or play, when “distance lends
+enchantment to the view,” is a delusion; but it is one into which
+women of all times and nations have fallen—from the painted Indian
+squaw to the rouged and powdered denizen of London or Paris.
+
+Milk was the favorite cosmetic of the ladies of ancient Rome. They
+applied plasters of bread and ass's milk to their faces at night, and
+washed them off with milk in the morning.
+
+As a cosmetic, milk would be harmless, but we doubt its power of
+improving the skin. As a beverage, no doubt, it whitens the complexion
+more than any other food.
+
+But before we speak of improving the complexion, it will be well to
+explain to our readers the nature and properties of the skin.
+
+This is what an American physician has recently told us about it:—
+
+
+       THE SKIN—ITS BEAUTY, USES, CONSTRUCTION, MANAGEMENT, ETC.
+
+Every person knows what the skin is, its external appearance, and its
+general properties; but there are many of my readers who may not be
+aware of its peculiar and wonderful construction, its compound
+character, and its manifold uses. It not merely acts as an organ of
+sense, and a protection to the surface of the body, but it clothes it,
+as it were, in a garment of the most delicate texture and of the most
+surpassing loveliness. In perfect health it is gifted with exquisite
+sensibility, and while it possesses the softness of velvet, and
+exhibits the delicate hues of the lily, the carnation, and the rose,
+it is nevertheless gifted with extraordinary strength and power of
+resisting external injury, and is not only capable of repairing, but
+of actually renewing itself. Though unprotected with hair, wool or
+fur, or with feathers or scales, as with the brute creation, the human
+skin is furnished with innumerable nerves, which endow it with extreme
+susceptibility to all the various changes of climate and of weather,
+and prompt the mind to provide suitable materials, in the shape of
+clothing, to shield it under all the circumstances in which it can be
+placed.
+
+The importance of the due exposure of the body to daylight or sunlight
+cannot be too strongly insisted on. Light and warmth are powerful
+agents in the economy of our being. The former especially is an
+operative agent on which health, vigor, and even beauty itself,
+depend. Withdraw the light of the sun from the organic world, and all
+its various beings and objects would languish and gradually lose those
+charms which are now their characteristics. In its absence, the
+carnation tint leaves the cheek of beauty, the cherry hue of the lips
+changes to a leaden-purple, the eyes become glassy and expressionless,
+and the complexion assumes an unnatural, cadaverous appearance that
+speaks of sickness, night and death. So powerful is daylight, so
+necessary to our well-being, that even its partial exclusion, or its
+insufficient admission to our apartments, soon tells its tale in the
+feeble health, the liability to the attacks of disease, and the pallid
+features (vacant and sunken, or flabby, pendent and uninviting) of
+their inmates. Even the aspect of the rooms in which we pass most of
+our time, and the number and extent of their windows, is perceptible,
+by the trained eye, in the complexion and features of those that
+occupy them. So in the vegetable world—the bright and endlessly
+varied hues of flowers, and their sweet perfumes—even their very
+production—depend on sunlight. In obscure light plants grow lanky and
+become pale and feeble. They seldom produce flowers, and uniformly
+fail to ripen their seeds. In even partial darkness the green hue of
+their foliage gradually pales and disappears, and new growths, when
+they appear, are blanched or colorless.
+
+The best method of keeping the skin clean and healthy, by ablution and
+baths, may here be alluded to. The use of these, and the washing of
+the skin that forms part of the daily duties of the toilet, appear to
+be very simple matters, but writers on the subject differ in opinion
+as to the methods to be followed to render them perfect cleansers of
+the skin. Some of them regard the use of soap and water applied in the
+form of lather with the hands, and afterwards thoroughly removed from
+the skin by copious affusions, rinsing or sluicing with water, or
+immersion in it, as the best method. This is probably the case when
+the skin is not materially dirty, or its pores or surface obstructed
+or loaded with the residual solid matter of the perspiration or its
+own unctuous exudation and exuviæ. To remove these completely and
+readily, something more than simple friction with the smooth hand is
+generally required. In such cases the use of a piece of flannel or
+serge, doubled and spread across the hand, or of a mitten of the same
+material, will be most ready and effective. Friction with this—first
+with soap, and afterwards with water to wash the soap off—will be
+found to cleanse the skin more thoroughly and quickly than any other
+method, and, by removing the worn-out portion of its surface, to
+impart to it a healthy glow and hue that is most refreshing and
+agreeable. This effect will be increased by wiping and rubbing the
+surface thoroughly dry with a coarse and moderately rough, but not a
+stiff, towel, instead of with the fine, smooth diapers which are now
+so commonly employed. At the bath, the fleshbrush usually provided
+there will supersede the necessity of using the flannel.
+
+The small black spots and marks frequently observed on the skin in hot
+weather, particularly on the face, generally arise from the
+accumulation of the indurated solid matter of the perspiration in its
+pores. When they assume the form of small pimples (_acne punctata_),
+and often when otherwise, they may be removed by strong pressure
+between the fingers, or between the nails of the opposite fingers,
+followed by the use of hot, soapy water.
+
+The subsequent daily application of a weak solution of bichloride of
+mercury—as in the form commonly known as Gowland's lotion—or of
+sulphate of zinc, will completely remove the swelling, and generally
+prevent their re-formation.
+
+=Eruptions= are too well known to need any lengthy description here.
+They are usually classified, by writers on the subject, into:
+animalcular eruptions, or those due to the presence of animalcula
+(minute acari) in the scarfskin, which occasion much irritation, and
+of which the itch furnishes a well-marked example; papular eruptions,
+or dry pimples; pustular eruptions, or mattery pimples, of which some
+forms are popularly known as crusted tetters; scaly eruptions, or dry
+tetters; and vesicular eruptions, or watery pimples.
+
+The treatment of all of the above, except the first, in simple cases,
+where there is not much constitutional disarrangement, consists mainly
+in attention to the general principles of health, cleanliness,
+exercise, food, ventilation, and clothing. Occasional doses of mild
+saline aperients (Epsom salts, cream of tartar, or phosphate of soda,
+or of sulphur combined with cream of tartar) should be taken, and warm
+or tepid bathing, preferably in sea-water, or, if not convenient, rain
+water, frequently had recourse to. Stimulants of all kinds should be
+avoided, and the red meats, ripe fruits, and the antiscorbutic
+vegetables should form a considerable portion of the diet. Lemonade,
+made by squeezing the juice of a lemon into a half-pint tumbler full
+of water, and sweetening with a little sugar, should be frequently and
+liberally taken as one of the best beverages in such cases. To relieve
+the itching and irritation (except in the pustular, crusted, and
+vesicular varieties), brisk friction with a fleshbrush or a fleshglove
+may be employed. The parts should also be wetted with an appropriate
+lotion after each friction or bath, or the use of soap and water.
+
+In all the scaly eruptions, iodide of potassium internally, and
+ioduretted or sulphuretted lotions or baths are invaluable. In many of
+them of a malignant or obstinate character, as _Lepra Psoriasis_,
+_Lupus_, etc., small doses of solution of arsenite of potassa (liquor
+arsenicalis; the dose, from 3 to 5 drops, gradually and cautiously
+increased to 7 to 9 drops, twice a day, after a meal) prove highly
+serviceable. In the forms of psoriasis popularly called baker's itch,
+grocer's itch, and washer-woman's itch, the application of ointment of
+nitrate of mercury, diluted with ten or twelve times its weight of
+lard, has been highly recommended. A course of sarsaparilla is also in
+most cases advantageous.
+
+The small, hard, distinct pimples—“acne, or acne simplex” of medical
+writers—that occur on the forehead, and occasionally on the temples
+and chin, generally yield to stimulating lotions, consisting of equal
+parts of strong vinegar, or spirit, and water, or to weak lotions of
+sulphate of zinc, assisted by occasional doses of cooling laxatives,
+as the salines, or a mixture of sulphur or cream of tartar.
+
+=Freckles=, or the round or oval-shaped yellowish or brownish-yellow
+spots, resembling stains, common on the face and the backs of the
+hands of persons with a fair and delicate skin who are much exposed to
+the direct rays of the sun in hot weather, are of little importance in
+themselves, and have nothing to do with the general health. Ladies who
+desire to remove them may have recourse to the frequent application of
+dilute spirit, or lemon juice, or a lotion formed by adding acetic,
+hydrochloric, nitric, or sulphuric acid, or liquor of potassa, to
+water, until it is just strong enough to slightly prick the tongue.
+One part of good Jamaica rum to two parts of lemon juice or weak
+vinegar is a good form of lotion for the purpose. The effect of all
+these lotions is increased by the addition of a little glycerine.
+
+The preceding are also occasionally called “common freckles,” “summer
+freckles,” and “sun freckles.” In some cases they are very persistent,
+and resist all attempts to remove them while the exposure that
+produces them is continued. Their appearance may be prevented by the
+greater use of the veil, parasol or sunshade, or avoidance of exposure
+to the sun during the heat of the day.
+
+Another variety, popularly known as cold freckles, occur at all
+seasons of the year, and usually depend on disordered health or some
+disturbance of the natural functions of the skin. Here the only
+external application that proves useful is the solution of bichloride
+of mercury and glycerine, or Gowland's lotion.
+
+=The Itch=—“psora” and “scabies,” of medical authors; the “gale” of the
+French,—already referred to, in its common forms is an eruption of
+minute vesicles, generally containing animalcula (acari), and of which
+the principal seats are between the fingers, bend of the wrist, etc.
+It is, accompanied by intense itching of the parts affected, which is
+only aggravated by scratching. The usual treatment is with sulphur
+ointment (simple or compound) well rubbed in once or twice a day; a
+spoonful (more or less) of flowers of sulphur, mixed with treacle or
+milk, being taken at the same time, night and morning. Where the
+external use of sulphur is objectionable, on account of its smell, a
+sulphuretten bath or lotion, or one of chloride of lime, may be used
+instead. In all cases extreme cleanliness, with the free use of soap
+and water, must be strictly adhered to.
+
+The small, soft discolorations and excrescences of the skin, popularly
+called moles, may be removed by touching them every second or third
+day with strong acetic or nitric acid, or with lunar caustic. If
+covered with hair they should be shaved first.
+
+=Extreme paleness= of the skin, when not symptomatic of any primary
+disease, generally arises from debility, or from the languid
+circulation of the blood at the surface of the body; often, also, from
+insufficient or improper food, want of outdoor exercise, and the like.
+The main treatment is evident. Warm baths, friction, and stimulating
+lotions and cosmetics may be here employed, together with a course of
+some mild chalbeate (as the lactate, protophosphate, or
+ammonia-citrate of iron) and hypophosphate of soda.
+
+=Roughness and Coarseness= of the skin, when not depending on any
+particular disease, may be removed or greatly lessened by daily
+friction with mild unguents or oil, or by moistening the parts, night
+and morning, with a weak solution of bichloride of mercury containing
+a little glycerine.
+
+=Rashes and redness= of the skin, of a common character, often arise
+from very trifling causes, among which indigestion, suppressed
+perspiration, irritation, and the like, are the most frequent. Nettle
+rash or urticaria, so called from the appearance and tingling
+sensations resembling those caused by the sting of nettles, in some
+people, is very apt to follow the use of indigestible and unwholesome
+food. It is usually of short duration and recurrent. The treatment
+consists in the administration of mild saline aperients, and, in
+severe cases, of an emetic, particularly when the stomach is still
+loaded with indigestible matter. These should be followed by copious
+use of lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice. The patient
+should be lightly but warmly clothed during the attack, and exposure
+to the cold, or to draughts of cold air, should be carefully avoided.
+The further treatment may be similar to that noticed under
+“eruptions.” To prevent the recurrence of the attack, the
+objectionable articles of food, and any other known exciting causes,
+must be avoided. Red rash, red blotch, or fiery spot, a common
+consequence of disordered health, a sudden fit of dyspepsia, and, in
+females, of tight lacing, and rose rash, false measles, or roseola,
+having commonly a similar origin to the preceding, for the most part
+require the same treatment.
+
+=Scurf=—“furfur or furfura”—is a formation depending on the natural
+and healthy exfoliation of the skin on every part of the body on which
+hair or down grows, but most extensive and observable on the scalp, on
+account of the abundance and darker color of the hair there.
+Scurfiness, or excessive scurfiness, is the result of morbid action,
+and may be treated by the frequent use of the fleshbrush or hairbrush,
+ablution with soap and water, and the use of mild stimulating,
+astringent, or detergent lotions.
+
+=Scurvy=—“scorbutus” of medical writers—is a disease which, even in
+its incipient and early stages, when its presence is often
+unsuspected, is most injurious to the skin and complexion. It usually
+commences with unnatural sallowness, debility, and low spirits. As it
+proceeds, the gums become sore, spongy, and apt to bleed on the
+slightest pressure or friction; the teeth loosen, and the breath
+acquires a fœtid odor; the legs swell, eruptions appear on
+different parts of the body, and at length the patient sinks under
+general emaciation, diarrhœa, and hemorrhages. Its chief cause is
+improper food, or, rather, the absence or insufficient supply of fresh
+meat and vegetables in the diet; to which cold, humidity, want of
+exercise and fresh air may be added as secondary ones. Hence its
+frequent, fatal visitations formerly on shipboard, and its still
+occasional occurrence in ill-victualled ships during long voyages. The
+treatment mainly consists in adopting a liberal diet of fresh animal
+food and green vegetables, with ripe food and an ample allowance of
+mild ale or beer, or lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice, as
+beverages. In serious cases, tonics, as quinine and steel, should also
+be administered.
+
+=Wrinkles= and looseness of the skin depend chiefly on the attenuation
+of the cutis or true skin and the reduction in the bulk of the
+underlying surfacial portions of the body. They cannot be regarded as
+a disease of the skin; but are the result of long continued bad
+health, anxiety and study, and of general emaciation and old age.
+Cleanliness, nutritious food, vigorous outdoor exercise, agreeable
+occupation of the mind, and an equable and happy temper, retard their
+formation. Whatever tends to promote the general health and to
+increase the bulk of the body, and particularly the disposition of fat
+in the cellular tissues, also tends to remove them and to increase the
+smoothness and beauty of the skin. The free and frequent use of warm
+water and soap, followed by the daily use of mild, stimulating,
+cosmetic lotions or fomentations, or friction with warm oil of a like
+character, and cod-liver oil internally, is all that art can do for
+the purpose.
+
+=Excoriations=, in popular language, are those cases of soreness
+produced by chafing under the arms, behind the ears, and in the
+wrinkles and folds of the skin generally. They occur chiefly in
+infancy, and in stout persons with a delicate skin, who perspire
+excessively. Extreme cleanliness, and carefully wiping the parts dry
+after washing, with the subsequent use of a little violet powder, or
+finely powdered starch, or French chalk scraped or grated very fine,
+dusted over the parts once or twice a day, will generally remove them
+and prevent their recurrence.
+
+
+                         WASHES FOR THE FACE.
+
+We do not approve of face washes, but as some ladies will use them, we
+recommend the following as harmless: Dampen with glycerine tempered
+with rose-water, then powder with the finest magnesia. It imparts a
+charming whiteness.
+
+Less harmless, but more frequently used, is to procure five cents'
+worth of bismuth, of flake white, and of powdered chalk; mix with five
+cents' worth of rose-water. Great care must be taken to wash off this
+preparation before retiring to rest, as the bismuth is of a hurtful
+nature.
+
+=To Remove Freckles.=—Freckles are of two kinds: Those occasioned by
+exposure to the sunshine, and consequently evanescent, are denominated
+“summer freckles”; those which are constitutional and permanent are
+called “cold freckles.” With regard to the latter, it is impossible to
+give any advice which will be of value. They result from causes not to
+be affected by mere external applications. Summer freckles are not
+difficult to deal with, and with a little care the skin may be kept
+free from this cause of disfigurement by using either of the following
+lotions:—
+
+First: Scrape horse-radish into a cup of sour milk, let it stand
+twelve hours, strain, and apply two or three times a day.
+
+Second: Into half a pint of milk squeeze the juice of a lemon, with a
+spoonful of brandy, and boil, skimming well; add a dram of rock alum.
+Apply freely.
+
+=Magic Lotion for Removing Freckles.=—Dissolve three grains of borax in
+five drams each of rose-water and orange-flower water. A splendid and
+harmless remedy is equal parts of pure glycerine and rose-water,
+applied every night and allowed to dry on the skin.
+
+=To Remove Freckles and Tan.=—Tincture of benzoin, one pint; tincture
+of tolu, one-half pint; oil rosemary, one-half ounce. Put one
+teaspoonful of the above mixture in one-quarter pint of water, and
+then with a towel thoroughly bathe the face. Do this every night and
+morning.
+
+=To Expel Freckles.=—Finely powdered nitre is excellent. Apply it to
+the face with the finger moistened with water and dipped in the
+powder.
+
+=Cleopatra's Freckle Balm.=—A splendid article. Venice soap, one ounce;
+lemon juice, half ounce; oil of bitter almonds, quarter ounce;
+deliquidated oil of tartar, quarter ounce; oil of rhodium, three
+drops. Dissolve the soap in the lemon juice, then add the two oils,
+and put the whole in the sun till it acquires the consistency of
+ointment, and then add the oil rhodium. Anoint the freckly face at
+night with this balm, and wash in the morning with pure water.
+
+=Lemon Cream for Sunburn and Freckles.=—Put two spoonfuls of sweet
+cream into half a pint of new milk, squeeze into it the juice of a
+lemon, add half a glass of genuine French brandy, a little alum and
+loaf sugar; boil the whole, skim it well, and when cool it is fit for
+use.
+
+=Wash to Prevent Sunburn.=—Take two drams of borax, one dram of Roman
+alum, one dram of camphor, half an ounce of sugar candy, one pound of
+ox-gall. Mix and stir well together, and repeat the stirring three or
+four times a day until it becomes transparent; then strain it through
+filtering or blotting paper, and it will be fit for use. Wash the face
+with the mixture before you go into the sun.
+
+=Grape Lotion for Sunburn.=—Dip a bunch of green grapes in a basin of
+water; sprinkle it with powdered alum and salt mixed; wrap the grapes
+in paper, and bake them under hot ashes; then express the juice, and
+wash the face with the liquid, which will remove either freckles, tan
+or sunburn.
+
+=To Soften and Whiten the Skin—Pate Axerasive of Bozin.=—This
+celebrated perfume has the distinction of being highly commended by
+the French Royal Academy of Medicine. It is better for toilet use than
+soaps, which contain alkali.
+
+Take powder of bitter almonds, eight ounces; oil of the same, twelve
+ounces; savon vert of the perfumes, eight ounces; spermaceti, four
+ounces; soap powder, four ounces; cinnabar, two drams; essence of
+rose, one dram. Melt the soap and spermaceti with the oil in a bath
+water; add the powder, and mix the whole in a marble mortar. It forms
+a paste which softens and whitens the skin better than any soap.
+
+=To Remove Red Pimples.=—Sulphur water, one ounce; acetated liquor of
+ammonia, quarter ounce; liquor of potassa, one grain; white wine
+vinegar, two ounces; distilled water, two ounces.
+
+=To Remove Black Specks or Flesh-worms.=—Squeeze them by pressing the
+skin, and then wash with warm water and rub well with a towel. Then
+apply the following lotion: Liquor of potassa, one ounce; cologne, two
+ounces.
+
+=Preparation for Whitening the Face and Neck.=—For bleaching and
+purifying the skin of the face and neck, making them beautifully
+smooth and white: Terebinth of Mecca, three grains; oil of sweet
+almonds, four ounces; spermaceti, two drams; flour of zinc, one dram;
+white wax, two drams; rose-water, six drams. Mix in a bath water, and
+melt together. After washing, before retiring (use water as hot as can
+be borne), anoint the face and neck freely with this preparation.
+
+=To Cure Profuse Perspiration.=—Bathe the hands, feet, and parts of the
+body where the perspiration is greatest, with a cold infusion of
+rosemary and sage, and afterwards dust the stockings and
+under-garments with a mixture of two drams of camphor, four ounces of
+orris root, and sixteen ounces of starch, the whole reduced to a fine
+powder. Put the mixture in a coarse muslin bag, and shake it over the
+clothes.
+
+=Cleopatra's Enamel for Whitening the Hands and Arms.=—One ounce of
+myrrh, four ounces of honey, two ounces of yellow wax, six ounces of
+rose-water. Mix well together the wax, honey and rose-water in a dish
+held over boiling water, and add the myrrh while hot. Rub this thickly
+over the skin before going to bed.
+
+=To Cure Freckles and Parched or Rough Skin.=—Take one ounce of sweet
+almonds, or of pistachia nuts, half a pint of elder or rose-water, and
+one ounce of pure glycerine; grate the nuts and put the powder in a
+little linen or cotton bag, and squeeze it for several minutes in the
+rose-water; then add the glycerine and a little perfume. Use it by
+wetting the face two or three times a day. This is a grateful
+application for a parched, rough skin, and is good for the removal of
+freckles. It should be allowed to dry thoroughly. When it feels pasty
+or sticky it may be washed off with a little warm water without soap.
+
+
+                         TO PURIFY THE BREATH.
+
+There is nothing more disagreeable to people with whom we associate
+than for them to be able to detect a bad odor from our breath when in
+their company. Yet a great many are afflicted in this way. The
+following will purify and sweeten the breath: Chlorate of lime, seven
+drams; vanilla sugar, three drams; gumeratic, five drams. Mix well
+with warm water to a stiff paste, and cut into lozenges. Take a
+lozenge occasionally.
+
+
+          TO BLEACH AND PURIFY THE SKIN OF THE FACE AND NECK.
+
+A celebrated physician gives the following as a good skin bleacher and
+purifier: Half a pint of skim milk; slice into it as much cucumber as
+it will cover, and let it stand an hour; then bathe the face, neck,
+and hands. Wash them off with clean soft water when the cucumber
+extract is dry. If the skin is rough from exposure to the wind, an
+application of buttermilk at night, washed off with fine carbolic soap
+in the morning, will make the skin smooth and natural.
+
+=To Permanently Remove Black Specks or “Flesh-worms.”=—Sometimes little
+black specks appear about the base of the nose, or on the forehead, or
+in the hollow of the chin, which are called flesh-worms, and are
+occasioned by coagulated lymph that obstructs the pores of the skin.
+They may be squeezed out by pressing the skin, and ignorant people
+suppose them to be little worms. They are permanently removed by
+washing with very warm water, and severe friction with a towel and
+then applying a little of the following preparation: Liquor of
+potassa, one ounce; cologne, two ounces; white brandy, four ounces.
+
+=French Face Wash Purifies and Brightens the Complexion.=—Take equal
+parts of the seeds of the melon, pumpkin, gourd, and cucumber, pounded
+till they are reduced to powder; add to it sufficient fresh cream to
+dilute the flour, and then add milk enough to reduce the whole to a
+thick paste. Add a grain of musk and a few drops of the oil of lemon.
+Anoint the face with this, leave it on twenty or thirty minutes, or
+over night if convenient, and wash off with warm water. It gives a
+remarkable purity and brightness to the complexion.
+
+Or, try this; splendid.—Infuse a handful of well-sifted wheat bran
+for four hours in white wine vinegar; add to it five yolks of eggs and
+two grains of musk, and distill the whole. Bottle it, keep carefully
+corked for fifteen days, when it will be fit for use. Apply over
+night, and wash in the morning with tepid water.
+
+=To Remove Pimples.=—There are many kinds of pimples, some of which
+partake almost of the nature of ulcers, which require medical
+treatment; but the small red pimple, which is most common, may be
+removed by applying the following twice a day: Sulphur water, one
+ounce; acetated liquid of ammonia, one-quarter ounce; liquor of
+potassa, one grain; white wine vinegar, two ounces; distilled water,
+two ounces. These pimples are sometimes cured by frequent washing in
+warm water and prolonged friction with a coarse towel. The cause of
+these pimples is obstruction of the skin and imperfect circulation.
+
+=To Remove Tan.=—_Creme de'l Enclos._—New milk, half a pint; lemon
+juice, one-quarter ounce; white brandy, half ounce. Boil the whole and
+skim it clear from all scum. Use night and morning.
+
+=A Cosmetic Bath.=—Take two pounds of barley or bean flour, eight
+pounds of bran, and a few handfuls of Borage leaves. Boil these
+ingredients in a sufficient quantity of spring water. This both
+cleanses and softens the skin in a superior manner.
+
+=Kalydor for the Complexion.=—For pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or
+scurf on the skin. Take emulsion of bitter almonds, one pint;
+oxymuriate of quicksilver, two and one-half pints; sal ammoniac, one
+dram. To be used moderately by means of a sponge, after washing the
+face and hands with pure soap and warm water.
+
+=To Improve the Skin.=—Take two ounces of Venice soap and dissolve it
+in two ounces of lemon juice. Add one ounce of the oil of bitter
+almonds and a like quantity of the oil of tartar. Mix the whole and
+stir it well till it has acquired the consistence of soap, and use it
+as such for the hands. The paste of sweet almonds, which contains an
+oil fit for keeping the skin soft and elastic and removing
+indurations, may be beneficially applied to the hands and arms.
+
+=Wash a la Marie Antoinette.=—Gives a beautiful brilliancy to the
+complexion. Take half a dozen lemons and cut them in small pieces, a
+small handful of the leaves of white lilies and southernwood, and
+infuse them in two quarts of cows milk, with an ounce and a half of
+white sugar and an ounce of rock alum. These are to be distilled in
+palneum mariæ. The face at bedtime is to be rubbed with this liquid,
+and it will give a beautiful luster to the complexion. It is a safe
+application, and its effects are certain.
+
+=Liquid Rouge.=—Harmless—a perfect imitation of nature. For ladies who
+wish to use a little artificial bloom the following is recommended. A
+liquid rouge to produce a perfect imitation of the colors of nature is
+prepared as follows: Add to a pint of French brandy, half an ounce of
+benzoin, an ounce of red sandalwood, half an ounce of Brazil wood and
+the same quantity of rock alum. Cork the bottle carefully, shake it
+well once a day, and at the end of twelve days it will be fit for use.
+The cheeks are to be lightly touched with it.
+
+=Milk of Roses.=—This is a cosmetic. Pound an ounce of almonds in a
+mortar very finely; then put in shavings of honey soap in a small
+quantity. Add enough rose-water to enable you to work the composition
+with the pestle into a fine cream; and in order that it may keep, add
+to the whole an ounce of spirits of wine, by slow degrees. Scent with
+otto of roses. Strain through muslin. Apply to the face with a sponge
+or a piece of lint.
+
+=Circassian Cream.=—This celebrated preparation is made, according to a
+published recipe, in this way: Castor oil, one pint; almond oil, four
+ounces; liquid potassa, three drams; essence of bergamot, oil of
+cloves, and oil of lemon, in equal quantities; and about a dozen drops
+of otto of roses.
+
+=Toilet Vinegar.=—Add to the best malt vinegar, half a pint of cognac
+and a pint of rose-water. Scent may be added, and if so, it should be
+first mixed with the spirit before the other ingredients are put in.
+
+=Bloom Rose.=—This is a preparation of carmine for the face and lips.
+Take a quarter of a dram of carmine and place it in a phial with half
+a dram of liquid ammonia; keep for a few days, occasionally shaking
+the mixture; then dilute with two ounces of rose-water, to which half
+a dram of essence of roses has been added. Draw off and keep a week or
+ten days, then apply with the corner of a soft handkerchief, taking
+care that if the color is too bright it is reduced by means of pure
+water.
+
+=Certain Cure for Eruptions, Pimples, Etc.=—Having in numerous
+instances seen the good effects of the following prescription, I can
+certify to its perfect remedy: Dilute corrosive sublimate with the oil
+of almonds, apply it to the face occasionally, and in few days a cure
+will be effected.
+
+=To Clear the Complexion, and Reduce the Size.=—It is essential that
+the blood should be cleansed. Take a teaspoonful of powdered charcoal,
+mixed with water or honey, for three successive nights, then use a
+seidlitz powder to remove it from the system. It acts splendidly upon
+the system and purifies the blood; but under no circumstances must the
+physic be neglected to carry the chemicals from the system; if not,
+ill effects are certain to follow.
+
+=To Cure and Refine a Stippled or Blotched Skin.=—A small dose of
+teraxacum every other night will most materially aid in refining the
+skin. It is a month's or six weeks' job to accomplish the desired
+result. You must also wear a mask of quilted cotton, wet in cold
+water, over night. Do not get discouraged, for it is worth the
+trouble.
+
+
+                     TO CURE AND PREVENT WRINKLES.
+
+=Pomade d'Hebe.=—This pomade is used for the removal of wrinkles. To
+make: Melt white wax, one ounce, to gentle heat; add juice of lily
+bulbs, two ounces; add honey, two ounces; rose-water, two drams; and
+otto of roses, a drop or two. Use twice a day.
+
+=Lotion for Wrinkles.=—Beautifies the face, preserves the freshness of
+youth, and gives a beautiful brilliancy to the skin. Take the second
+water of barley, one pint, and strain through a piece of fine linen;
+add a dozen drops of the balm of Mecca; shake it well together until
+the balm is thoroughly incorporated with the water, which will be
+effected when the water assumes a whitish or turgid appearance. Before
+applying, wash the face with soft water. If used once a day, this
+lotion will beautify the face, remove wrinkles, preserve the freshness
+of youth, and give a surprising brilliancy to the skin.
+
+=Wash for Wrinkles.=—Take two ounces of the juice of onions, two ounces
+of the white lily, two ounces of Norboune honey, and one ounce of
+white wax; put the whole into a new earthen pipkin until the wax is
+melted, then take the pipkin (crock) off the fire, and continue
+stirring briskly until the mixture grows cold. This should be applied
+on going to bed and allowed to remain on till the morning.
+
+=To Remove Wrinkles.=—To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum benzoin add
+seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half ounce of
+glycerine. Bathe face, neck, and hands with it at night, letting it
+dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very little pure white castile
+soap and soft water. This is a famous cosmetic, and has been sold
+under various names. It is an excellent remedy for tan, freckles, and
+sunburn also.
+
+
+                HOW TO HAVE BRILLIANT, BEAUTIFUL EYES.
+
+Beautiful eyes are the gift of nature; but even those of the greatest
+beauty may owe something to the toilet, while those of an indifferent
+kind are very susceptible of improvement. We entirely discountenance
+any tampering with the eye itself, with a view to giving it luster or
+brightness. The sight has often been injured by the use of belladonna,
+preparations of the calabar bean, eyebright, and other substances
+having a strong effect on the eyes. But without touching the eye
+itself, it is possible to give the effect of brightness, softness,
+etc., by means of the eyelids and eyelashes. Made-up eyes are by no
+means desirable, and to many are singularly displeasing; but the same
+may be said of made-up faces generally. Some ladies are, however,
+persuaded that it adds to their charms to give the eyes a long, almond
+shape—after the Egyptian type—while very many are persuaded that the
+eye is not seen to advantage unless its apparent size is increased by
+the darkening of the lids. Both these effects are produced by kohl, a
+black powder, which may be procured at the chemist's, and is mixed
+with rose-water and applied with a camel's-hair brush.
+
+=To Cure Weak Eyes.=—It is well to have on the toilet table a remedy
+for inflamed eyes. Spermaceti ointment is simple and well adapted for
+the purpose. Apply at night, and wash off with rose-water in the
+morning. Golden ointment will serve a like purpose. Or, there is a
+simple lotion made by dissolving a very small piece of alum and a
+piece of lump sugar of the same size in a quart of water. Put the
+ingredients into water cold and let them simmer. Bathe the eyes
+frequently with it. Sties in the eyes are irritating and disfiguring.
+Foment with warm water; at night apply a bread and milk poultice. When
+a white head forms, prick it with a fine needle. Should the
+inflammation be obstinate, a little citerine ointment may be applied,
+care being taken that it does not get into the eye, and an aperient
+should be tried.
+
+=To Improve the Eyelashes.=—Many people speak highly of this secret.
+Trim the tiny points slightly, and anoint with this salve: Two drams
+of ointment of nitric oxida of mercury, and one dram of lard. Mix the
+lard and ointment well, and anoint the edges of the eyelids night and
+morning, after each time, with milk and water. This will restore the
+lashes when all other remedies fail. It is not known in this country,
+and is a valuable secret.
+
+=To Cure Weakness of Eyes.=—Sulphate of copper, fifteen grains;
+camphor, four grains; boiling water, four ounces. Mix, strain, and
+when cold make up to four pints with water. Bathe the eyes night and
+morning with a portion of the mixture.
+
+=How to Have Beautiful Eyelashes.=—The effect of the eyes is greatly
+aided by beautiful eyelashes. These may be secured to a certain extent
+by a little care, especially if it is taken early in life. The extreme
+ends should be cut with a pair of small, sharp scissors, care being
+taken to preserve the natural outline, not to leave jagged edges.
+Attention to this matter results in the lengthening of the lashes.
+Dyeing them is another expedient often resorted to for increasing
+their effect. A good permanent black is all that is needed, and for
+this use Indian ink. As an impromptu expedient to serve for one night,
+a hairpin held for a few seconds in the flame of a candle, and drawn
+through the lashes, will serve to color them well, and with sufficient
+durability. It need scarcely be added that the hairpin must be
+suffered to grow cold before it is used, or the consequence may be
+that no eyelash will be left to color. Good eyebrows are not to be
+produced artificially. It is possible, however, to prevent those that
+are really good from degenerating through neglect. When wiping the
+face dry after washing, pass a corner of the towel over the forefinger
+and set the eyebrows in the form you wish them to assume. And when
+oiling the hair, do not forget to oil the eyebrows also.
+
+=To Cure Watery and Inflamed Eyes.=—Foment frequently with decoction of
+poppy heads. When the irritation and inflammation occur, a teaspoonful
+of cognac brandy in four ounces of spring water may be used three or
+four times in the course of the day as a strengthening lotion.
+
+=General Care of the Eyes.=—The eyes, of all the features, stand
+pre-eminent for their beauty and ever-varying powers of expression,
+and for being the organs of the most exalted, delicate and useful of
+the senses. It is they alone that “reveal the external forms of beauty
+to the mind, and enable it to perceive them, even at a distance, with
+the speed of light. It is they alone that clothe the whole creation
+with the magic charms of color, and fix on every object the identity
+of figure. It is the eyes alone, or chiefly, that reveal the emotions
+of the mind to others, and that clothe the features with the language
+of the soul. Melting with pity, or glowing with hope, or redolent with
+love, benevolence, desire, or emulation, they impart to the
+countenance those vital fascinations which are the peculiar attributes
+of man.” “And when the mind is subdued by fear, anxiety or shame, or
+overwhelmed by sorrow or despair, the eyes, like faithful chroniclers,
+still tell the truthful story of the mental disquietude. And hatred,
+anger, envy, pride, and jealousy, ambition, avarice, discontent, and
+all the varied passions and emotions that torment, excite or depress
+the human soul, and find a resting place in the human breast, obtain
+expression in the eyes. At one moment the instruments of receiving and
+imparting pleasure, at another the willing or passive instruments of
+pain, their influences and changes are as varied and boundless as the
+empire of thought itself.” Through their silent expressions the mind
+reveals its workings to the external world in signs more rapid and as
+palpable as those uttered by the tongue. It is “the eyes alone that
+stamp the face with the outward symbol of animation and vitality,” and
+which endue it with the visible “sanctity of reason.” The eye is,
+indeed, the chief and most speaking feature of the face, and the one
+on whose excellence, more than any other, its beauty depends.
+
+Theories have been based on even the peculiar color of the eyes. Thus,
+it is said that dark blue eyes are found chiefly in persons of
+delicate, refined or effeminate mental character; light blue eyes, and
+more particularly gray eyes, in the hardy and active; hazel eyes, in
+the masculine, vigorous, and profound; black eyes, in those whose
+energy is of a desultory or remittent character, and who exhibit
+fickleness in pursuits and affection. Greenish eyes, it is asserted,
+have the same general meaning as gray eyes, with the addition of
+selfishness or a sinistrous disposition. These statements, however,
+though based on some general truths, and supported by popular opinion,
+are liable to so many exceptions as to be unreliable and valueless in
+their individual applications.
+
+Shakespeare is said to have had hazel eyes; Swift, blue eyes; Milton,
+Scott, and Byron, gray eyes. Wellington and Napoleon are also said to
+have had gray eyes.
+
+A beautiful eye is one that is full, clear, and brilliant; appropriate
+in color to the complexion, and in form to the features, and of which
+the connected parts—the eyelids, eyelashes, and eyebrows, which, with
+it, in a general view of the subject, collectively form the external
+eye—are also beautiful, and in keeping with it.
+
+To increase the beauty and expression of the eyes, various means are
+occasionally had recourse to, nearly all of which, except those herein
+mentioned in connection with the eyelashes and eyebrows, are not
+merely highly objectionable, but even dangerous. Thus, some
+fashionable ladies and actresses, to enhance the clearness and
+brilliancy of their eyes before appearing in public, are in the habit
+of exposing them to air slightly impregnated with the vapor of prussic
+acid. This is done by placing a single drop of the dilute acid at the
+bottom of an eyecup or eyeglass, and then holding the cup or glass
+against the eye for a few seconds, with the head in an inclined
+position. It has also been asserted, and I believe correctly, that
+certain ladies of the demimonde rub a very small quantity of
+belladonna ointment on the brow over each eye, or moisten the same
+part with a few drops of tincture of belladonna. This produces
+dilation of the pupil, and gives that peculiar fullness and an
+expression of languor to the eyes which, by some, is regarded as
+exceedingly fascinating. The use of these active medicinals in this
+way must be manifestly injurious; and when frequent, or long continued
+or carried to excess, must necessarily result in impaired vision, if
+not in actual blindness.
+
+The following means of repairing and restoring the sight, which has
+for some time been going the round of the press, being based on
+scientific principles, may be appropriately inserted here:
+
+For nearsightedness, close the eyes and pass the fingers, very gently,
+several times across them outward, from the canthus, or corner next
+the nose, towards the temple. This tends slightly to flatten the
+corner and lens of the eye, and thus to lengthen or extend the angle
+of vision. The operation should be repeated several times a day, or at
+least always after making one's toilet, until shortsightedness is
+nearly or completely removed. For long sight, loss of sight by age,
+weak sight, and generally for all those defects which require the use
+of magnifying glasses, gently pass the finger, or napkin, from the
+outer angle or corner of the eyes inward, above and below the eyeball,
+towards the nose. This tends slightly to “round up” the eyes, and thus
+to preserve or to restore the sight. It should be done every time the
+eyes are washed, or oftener.
+
+
+                  TO HAVE A BEAUTIFUL MOUTH AND LIPS.
+
+The beauty of the human mouth and lips, the delicacy of their
+formation and tints, their power of expression, which is only inferior
+to that of the eyes, and their elevated position as the media with the
+palate, tongue, and teeth, by which we communicate our thoughts to
+others in an audible form, need scarcely be dilated on here. The poet
+tells us that:
+
+    “The lips of woman out of roses take
+    The tints with which they ever stain themselves.
+    They are the beautiful, lofty shelves
+    Where rests the sweetness which the young hours make,
+    And which the earnest boy, whom we call Love,
+    Will often sip in sorrow or in play.
+    Health, when it comes, doth ruddiness approve,
+    But his strong foe soon flatters it away!
+    Disease and health for a warm pair of lips,
+    Like York and Lancaster, wage active strife:
+    One on his banner front the White rose keeps,
+    And one the Red; and thus with woman's life,
+    Her lips are made a battle-field for those
+    Who struggle for the color of a rose.”
+
+A beautiful mouth is one that is moderately small, and has a
+well-defined and graceful outline; and beautiful lips are gracefully
+molded, neither thick nor thin, nor compressed nor lax, and that are
+endowed with expression and are tinted with the hues of health.
+
+The ladies of Eastern nations commonly heighten the hue and freshness
+of their lips by means of cosmetics, a practice which in Western
+Europe is only adopted on the stage, and occasionally by courtesans
+and ladies of the demimonde.
+
+Chapped lips most frequently occur in persons with pale, bluish, moist
+lips and a languid circulation, who are much exposed to the wind or
+who are continually moving from heated apartments to the external air.
+East and north-east winds are those that generally produce them. The
+occasional application of a little cold cream, lip salve, spermaceti
+ointment, or any other mild unguent, will generally prevent them, and
+remove them when they have already formed. A still more elegant and
+effective preventive and remedy is glycerine diluted with about twice
+its weight of eau-de-rose, or glycerinated lip salve or balsam.
+
+The moist vesicular eruption of the lips, referred to above, may also
+generally be prevented by the use of glycerine, or any of the
+preparations just mentioned. After its accession, the best treatment
+is to freely dust the affected portion of the lips with violet powder,
+finely powdered starch, prepared chalk, or French chalk or talc
+reduced to an impalpable powder by scraping or grating it.
+
+The following formulas of preparations are all valuable for
+beautifying and preserving the beauty of the lips:—
+
+=White Lip Salve—No. 1.=—Take half a pound spermaceti ointment,
+liquify it by the heat of warm water, and stir in one-half dram neroli
+or essence de petit-grain. In a few minutes pour off the clear portion
+from the dregs (if any) and add twenty drops of oil of rose. Lastly,
+before it cools, pour it into jars.
+
+=Lip Salve—No. 2.=—This indispensable adjunct to the toilet is made by
+melting in a jar, placed in a basin of boiling water, a quarter of an
+ounce each of white wax and spermaceti; flour of benzoin, fifteen
+grains; and half an ounce of oil of almonds. Stir till the mixture is
+cool. Color red with two-penny worth of alkanet root. Splendid for
+keeping the lips healthy and of a beautiful crimson color.
+
+=French Lip Salve.=—Lard, twenty-six ounces; white wax, two ounces;
+nitre and alum in fine powder, of each one-half ounce; alkanet to
+color.
+
+=German Lip Salve.=—Butter of cacao, one-half ounce; oil of almonds,
+one-quarter ounce; melt together with a gentle heat, and add six drops
+of essence of lemon.
+
+
+                        THE CARE OF THE TEETH.
+
+The influence which the teeth are capable of exercising on the
+personal appearance is usually known and admitted.
+
+The teeth have formed especial objects of attention, in connection
+with the toilet and cosmetic arts, from almost the earliest ages of
+the world to the present time. History and tradition, and the
+researches of archæologists among the remains of the prehistoric
+nations of the East, show us that even dentistry may trace back its
+origin to a date not very long subsequent to the “confusion of
+tongues.”
+
+We are told that the ancient Welsh took particular care of their
+teeth, by frequently rubbing them with a stick of green hazel and a
+woollen cloth. To prevent their premature decay, they scrupulously
+avoided acid liquids, and invariably abstained from all hot food and
+drink.
+
+Europeans pride themselves on teeth of pearly whiteness; but many
+Asiatic nations regard them as beautiful only when of a black color.
+The Chinese, in order to blacken them, chew what is called “betel” or
+“betel nut,” a common masticatory in the East. The Siamese and the
+Tonquinese do the same, but to a still greater extent, which renders
+their teeth as black as ebony, or more so. As the use of the
+masticatory is generally not commenced until a certain age, the common
+practice is to stain the teeth of the boys and girls with a strong
+preparation of it, on the former attaining the age of ten or twelve.
+
+Keeping the lips apart and breathing through the mouth instead of the
+nose, and, particularly, sleeping with the mouth open, are habits
+which are very prejudicial to the teeth and gums. In this way the
+mouth forms a trap to catch the dust and gritty particles floating in
+the atmosphere, which soon mechanically injure the enamel of the teeth
+by attrition.
+
+On the subject of cleanliness in connection with the teeth and mouth,
+it may be said that the mouth cannot be too frequently rinsed during
+the day, and that it should be more particularly so treated after each
+meal. Pure cold water is the best for the purpose. It not only cleans
+the teeth and mouth, but exerts a tonic action on the gums, which warm
+water, or even tepid water, is deficient in. When cold water cannot be
+tolerated, tepid water may be employed, the temperature being slightly
+lowered once every week or ten days until cold water can be borne.
+Every one who abhors a fœtid breath, rotten teeth, and the
+toothache, would do well to thoroughly clean his teeth at bedtime,
+observing to well rinse the mouth with cold water on rising in the
+morning, and again in the day once, or oftener, as the opportunities
+occur. With smokers, the use of the toothbrush the last thing at night
+is almost obligatory if they value their teeth and wish to avoid the
+unpleasant flavor and sensation which teeth fouled with tobacco smoke
+occasion in the mouth on awakening in the morning.
+
+As to tooth powders or pastes to be used with the brush, the simplest
+are the best. Plain camphorated chalk, with or without a little finely
+powdered pumice stone or burnt hartshorn, is a popular and excellent
+tooth powder. It is capable of exerting sufficient friction under the
+brush to ensure pearly whiteness of the teeth without injuring the
+enamel, whilst the camphor in it tends to destroy the animalcula in
+the secretions of the mouth, whose skeletons or remains constitute, as
+we shall presently see, the incrassation popularly called “tartar.”
+Recently-burnt charcoal, in very fine powder, is another excellent
+tooth powder, which, without injuring the enamel, is sufficiently
+gritty to clean the teeth and remove the tartar from them, and
+possesses the advantage of also removing the offensive odor arising
+from rotten teeth and from decomposing organic matter. The charcoal of
+the heavy hardwoods, as lignum-vitæ, boxwood, oak, are the best; and
+these, as to quality, range in the order given. Still more valuable as
+a dentifrice is areca nut charcoal, which, besides possessing the
+properties of the other vegetable charcoals in an eminent degree, has
+valuable ones peculiar to itself.
+
+Some dentists, and some persons in imitation of them, in order to
+whiten the teeth, rub their surfaces with hydrochloric acid, somewhat
+dilute; but the practice is a most dangerous one, which, by a few
+repetitions, will sometimes utterly destroy the enamel and lead to the
+rapid decay of all the teeth so treated. Should the teeth be much
+discolored, and ordinary tooth powder prove ineffective, a little
+lemon juice used with the brush will generally render them perfectly
+white. It should only be employed occasionally, and the mouth should
+be well rinsed with water afterwards. A little of the pulp of an
+orange, used in the same way, is also very effective and safe, as are
+also ripe strawberries, which may be either rubbed on the teeth with
+the fingers or applied with the brush. The last form, perhaps, the
+very best natural dentifrice known. Besides possessing singular power
+in whitening and cleaning the teeth and rapidly removing tartar, they
+destroy the offensive odor of rotten teeth and impart an agreeable
+fragrance to the breath.
+
+The importance of a judicious attention to the teeth, in connection
+with health, cleanliness, and personal comfort and appearance, cannot
+be too often alluded to and enforced.
+
+It is no exaggeration to say that, taking the whole community, there
+are few, very few, who clean their teeth, or even wash their mouths,
+once a day. With the masses the operation, if performed at all, is
+confined to the Sabbath day, or to holidays; whilst refined, educated,
+and cleanly persons regard the operation of cleaning the teeth as a
+daily duty, as necessary as washing the face and hands. The dirty and
+vulgar—the two words are here synonymous—wholly neglect it, and too
+often even consider it as unnecessary, effeminate, and absurd. The
+consequences of the careless performance, or the neglect, of this
+really necessary personal duty are not long in being developed.
+Passing over the degradation of the other features, the offensiveness
+of the breath, often to a degree which renders the individual
+uncompanionable, and the unfavorable impression which, like other
+marks of uncleanliness, they convey of the taste and habits of their
+possessor, as the immediate effects of habitually neglected and dirty
+teeth, let us look at the more distant, but not less certain, ones:—
+
+In cases of ordinary toothache, even severe ones, chewing a small
+piece of really good pellitory will often give relief in a few
+minutes. Chewing a piece of strong, unbleached Jamaica ginger will
+often do the same in light cases. The celebrated John Wesley
+recommended a “few whiffs” at a pipe containing a little caraway seed
+mixed with tobacco as a simple and ready means of curing the
+toothache. I can bear testimony to the fact that in some cases it
+succeeds admirably.
+
+Scarcely anything is more disagreeable, and in marked cases, more
+disgusting, than fœtid breath. It is unpleasant to the person that
+has it, and it renders him unfit for the society of others. The cause
+of stinking breath may generally be traced to rotten teeth, diseased
+stomach, or worms. When the first are the cause, the teeth should be
+thoroughly cleansed and then “stopped” in the manner already
+indicated; or, when this is impracticable, the offending tooth, or
+teeth, may be removed and replaced by artificial ones. When this
+cannot be done, or is inconvenient, the evil may be greatly lessened
+by the frequent use of an antiseptic tooth powder, areca nut charcoal
+or camphorated chalk. Dirty teeth, even when quite sound, always more
+or less taint the breath. When a foul or a diseased stomach is the
+cause, mild aperients should be administered; and if these do not
+succeed, an emetic may be given, scrupulous cleanliness of the teeth
+being observed, as in the former case. When worms are the cause, worm
+medicine, under medical direction, will be necessary.
+
+=To Cure Foul Breath.=—When bad breath is occasioned by teeth, or any
+local cause, use a gargle consisting of a spoonful of solution of
+chloride of lime in half a tumbler of water.
+
+=To Have White and Beautiful Teeth.=—An article known as “The Queen's
+Tooth Preserver” is made as follows: One ounce of coarsely powdered
+Peruvian bark, mixed in half a pint of brandy for twelve days. Gargle
+the mouth (teeth and gums) with a teaspoonful of this liquid, diluted
+with an equal quantity of rose-water. Always wash off the teeth after
+each meal with water. Also, twice a day, wash the teeth with the ashes
+of burned bread—bread burned to ashes.
+
+=For Decayed Teeth.=—There is nothing better than two scruples of myrrh
+in fine powder, one scruple of juniper gum, and ten grains of alum,
+mixed in honey. Apply often to the teeth.
+
+=To Cure Toothache.=—Take equal parts of camphor, sulphuric ether,
+ammonia, laudanum, tincture of cayenne, and one-eighth part oil of
+cloves. Mix well together. Saturate with the liquid a small piece of
+cotton, and apply to the cavity of the diseased tooth, and the pain
+will cease immediately.
+
+=Premium Tooth Powder.=—Six ounces prepared chalk, one-half ounce
+cassia powder, one ounce orris; mix well.
+
+=Mouth Pastilles for Perfuming the Breath.=—First: Extract of
+liquorice, three ounces; oil of cloves, one and a half drams; oil of
+cinnamon, fifteen drops. Mix, and divide into one-grain pills.
+
+Second: Catechu, seven drams; orris powder, forty grains; sugar, three
+ounces; oil of rosemary (or of cloves, peppermint, or cinnamon), four
+drops. Mix, and roll flat on oiled marble slab, and cut into very
+small tablets.
+
+=Feuchtwanger's Tooth Paste.=—Powdered myrrh, two ounces; burned alum,
+one ounce; cream tartar, one ounce; cuttlefish bone, four ounces; drop
+lake, two ounces; honey, half a gallon. Mix. Reduce the proportion for
+a small quantity.
+
+=Fine Tooth Powder.=—Powdered orris root, one ounce; Peruvian bark, one
+ounce; prepared chalk, one ounce; myrrh, one-half ounce. Mix.
+
+=To Remove Offensive Breath.=—For this purpose, almost the only
+substance that should be admitted to the toilet is the concentrated
+solution of chloride of soda. From six to ten drops of it in a
+wineglassful of spring water, taken immediately after the operations
+of the toilet are completed.
+
+In some cases, the odor arising from caries is combined with that of
+the stomach. If the mouth be well rinsed with a teaspoonful of the
+solution of the chloride in a tumbler of water, the bad odor of the
+teeth will be removed.
+
+=Rye Tooth Powder.=—Rye contains carbonate of lime, carbonate of
+magnesia, oxide of iron, manganese, and silica, all suitable for
+application to the teeth. Therefore, a fine tooth powder is made by
+burning rye, or rye bread, to ashes, and grinding it to powder by
+passing the rolling-pin over it. Pass the powder through a sieve, and
+use.
+
+=Camphorated Chalk.=—This favorite tooth powder is easily made. Take a
+pound of prepared chalk, and with this mix two drams of camphor very
+finely powdered, and moisten with spirits of wine. Thoroughly mix.
+
+=To Remove the Yellow Color from Teeth.=—Take of dry hypochlorite of
+lime, one-half dram; red coral, two drams. Tincturate and mix
+thoroughly. This powder is employed in the following manner: A new
+brush is slightly moistened, then dipped in the powder and applied to
+the teeth. A few days after the use of this powder the teeth will
+acquire a beautiful white color.
+
+=Camphor Paste.=—Take one ounce of oil ammoniac, four drams of camphor.
+Let the above be very finely powdered, then mix it with sufficient
+honey to make it into a smooth paste; triturate it until entirely
+smooth. This is a most excellent paste for preserving and beautifying
+the teeth.
+
+=Preservative Tincture for the Teeth and Gums.=—Take four drams of
+camphor, one ounce of tincture of myrrh, one ounce of tincture of
+bark, and one ounce of rectified spirits of wine; mix them, and put 30
+or 40 drops in a wineglassful of water. Pour a little of this upon
+your brush before you apply it to the powder, and when the teeth are
+clean, wash the mouth, teeth, and gums with the remainder. It will in
+ordinary cases prevent toothache.
+
+=Powerfully Cleansing Dentifrice.=—Take fine powder of pumice stone,
+four drams; fine powder of cuttlefish bone, four drams; add one
+scruple of subcarbonate of soda. Mix them well together, color and
+scent according to taste, and then pass it through a fine sieve.
+
+=Infallible Cure for Toothache.=—Take alum, reduced to an impalpable
+powder, two drams; nitreous spirits of ether, seven drams. Mix, and
+apply them to the tooth. This is said to be an infallible cure for all
+kinds of toothache, unless the disease is connected with rheumatism.
+
+=Mixture for Decayed Teeth.=—Make a balsam with a sufficient quantity
+of honey, two scruples of myrrh in fine powder, a scruple of gum
+juniper, and ten grains of rock alum. A portion to be applied
+frequently to the decayed tooth.
+
+=To Whiten and Beautify the Teeth.=—Take gum tragacanth, one ounce;
+pumice stone, two drams; gum arabic, one ounce; cream of tartar, one
+ounce. Dissolve the gums in rose-water, and adding to it the powder,
+form the whole into little sticks, which are to be dried slowly in the
+shade, and afterwards kept for use. Use on the brush like soap.
+
+
+             HOW TO HAVE SOFT, WHITE AND BEAUTIFUL HANDS.
+
+There are very few beautiful hands, but to make the hands beautiful
+rests, with scarcely an exception, with the possessor. Now that
+chiromancy has become so fashionable as to be a part of a great many
+entertainments, it is very desirable that the hands should present an
+attractive appearance. A soft, white, delicate hand, with neatly-kept
+nails, forms an important factor in a pleasing personal appearance,
+and is something any man or woman may possess themselves of with a
+little care. Of course it goes without saying, that requisite is
+perfect cleanliness of both the hands and nails. The best and purest
+soap should be used, and when soft water cannot be obtained, a few
+drops of ammonia, or a little borax, should be added to the water in
+which the hands are washed, and they should always be thoroughly
+dried. A lotion of one ounce glycerine, one ounce rose-water, ten
+drops of carbolic acid, and forty drops of hamamelis, is excellent to
+use on the hands before they are dried each time they are washed.
+
+Persons who do housework should wear the India rubber gloves which are
+made for the purpose and can be purchased in any size for from $1.00
+to $1.25 as they are with or without wrists.
+
+Rubbing the hands once or twice a day in oatmeal tends to whiten them
+and make them soft and flexible.
+
+The following bleaches the hands and arms and makes them beautifully
+soft and white:—
+
+=Bleaching Lotion.=—Bitter almonds, ten ounces; iris powder, one ounce;
+pulverized horse-chestnut, two ounces; essence of bergamot, one dram;
+carbonate of potash, two drams; mix. Use on the hands after washing,
+and on retiring for the night.
+
+Five grains of chloridated lime in a pint of warm water will whiten
+the hands and remove all stains, but as this is not always quite
+harmless to a delicate skin, it is perhaps better to remove stains
+with a cut of lemon, and use the preparation given above for whitening
+them.
+
+Tight lacing and tight sleeves, and even tight shoes, will cause the
+hands to be an unsightly red, for which no lotion or care is a remedy.
+If, however, all the clothing is worn so as to allow a free
+circulation, and the directions which have been given are regularly
+and constantly followed, any hand will become white, supple and
+delicate—a pleasure to both possessor and beholder; and it is really
+worth the care, which after a little time becomes a fixed habit and so
+is scarcely noticeable, to have such hands.
+
+=To Make the Hands White and Delicate.=—Should you wish to make your
+hands white and delicate, wash them in hot milk and water for a day or
+two. On retiring to rest, rub them well over with palm oil, and put on
+a pair of woollen gloves. The hands should be thoroughly washed with
+hot water and soap the next morning, and a pair of soft leather gloves
+worn during the day; they should be frequently rubbed together to
+promote circulation. Sunburnt hands should be washed in lime water or
+lemon juice. Should they be severely freckled, the following will be
+good to use: Take of distilled water, half a pint; sal ammoniac, half
+a dram; oxymuriate of quicksilver, four grains; divide the two last in
+spirit, and gradually add the water to them; add another half pint of
+water, mix well together, and it is ready for use. It should be
+applied as often as desirable, with a piece of soft sponge. If
+rose-water is substituted for distilled water, the effect is
+pleasanter.
+
+=Remedy for Chapped Hands.=—The simplest remedy is the camphor ball, to
+be obtained of all chemists. Powdered hemlock bark put into a piece of
+muslin and sprinkled on the chaps is highly recommended. Or, wash with
+oatmeal, and afterwards rub the hands over with dry oatmeal, so as to
+remove all dampness. It is a good thing to rub the hands and lips with
+glycerine before going to bed at night. A good oil is made by
+simmering: Sweet oil, one pint; Venice turpentine, three ounces; lard,
+half a pound; beeswax, three ounces. Simmer till the wax is melted.
+Rub on, or apply with a rag.
+
+=To Cure Red Hands.=—Wash them frequently in warm, not hot, water,
+using honey soap and soft towel. Dry with violet powder, and again
+with a soft, dry handkerchief. Take exercise enough to promote
+circulation, and do not wear gloves too tight.
+
+=Almond Paste for the Hands.=—Take one pound of sweet almonds,
+one-quarter of a pound of bread crumbs, one half a pint of spring
+water, one-half a pint of brandy, and the yolks of two eggs. Pound the
+almonds with a few drops of vinegar or water, to prevent them oiling;
+add the crumbs of bread, which moisten with the brandy as you mix it
+with the almonds and the yolks of eggs. Set this mixture over a slow
+fire, and stir it continually or it will adhere to the edges.
+
+=Almond Paste for Chapped Hands= (which will preserve them smooth and
+white).—The daily use of the following paste will keep the hands
+smooth and white: Mix a quarter of a pound of unsalted hog's lard,
+which has been washed in common, and then in rose, water, with the
+yolks of two fresh eggs and a large spoonful of honey. Add as much
+paste from almonds (well pounded in a mortar) as will work it into a
+paste.
+
+=General Remarks.=—The human hand, regarded either with reference to
+its ingenious construction and usefulness, or to its beauty, stands
+alone, in its superlative excellence, in the whole animal world. In no
+species of animal is the hand so wonderfully formed and so perfectly
+developed as in man.
+
+To preserve the delicacy and beauty of the hands, some little care,
+and more than that which is ordinarily bestowed on them, is required.
+Foremost in consideration must be the subject of cleanliness. Dirty
+and coarse hands are no less marks of slothfulness and lowbreeding
+than clean and delicate hands are of refinement and gentility. To
+promote softness and whiteness of the skin, mild emollient soaps, or
+those abounding in oil or fat, should alone be adopted for common use;
+by which means the tendency to contract chaps and chilblains, and
+roughness from drying winds, will also be lessened. The coarse, strong
+kinds of soap, those abounding in alkali, should be rejected, as they
+tend to render the skin rough, dry and brittle. Rain, or soft, water
+is the best natural water for washing the hands, as it cleanses them
+more rapidly and completely than ordinary hard water, and with the use
+of less soap. It may be advantageously used tepid, or even warm; but
+hot water should be avoided. Distilled water, when obtainable, is
+preferable to even rain water. In the absence of these, water that
+has been boiled and allowed to settle and cool may be employed. With
+hard water the hands are cleansed with difficulty, and though it may
+be readily softened by the addition of a little soda, such an addition
+tends to make the skin of a delicate hand somewhat hard and rough. If
+hard water must be used to wash with, the only harmless substance that
+can be conveniently added to it is a little good powdered borax. This
+will also cause it to exert a genial action on the skin. Oatmeal and
+warm water used every night and morning as a wash will whiten and
+soften the roughest and darkest hands.
+
+=Coarse, Red, Dark-Skinned Hands= may be whitened by the occasional use
+of a few grains of chloride of lime, with warm water, in the manner
+mentioned above.
+
+=Roughness of the Hands=, induced by exposure to cold and drying winds,
+may, in general, be removed by the use of a little powdered pumice
+stone with the soap in washing them. The subsequent application,
+particularly at night, of the above lotions, or of two or three drops
+of almond or olive oil, well rubbed in, will usually effect the object
+completely.
+
+The hands may be preserved dry for delicate work by rubbing a little
+club moss (lycopodium), in fine powder, over them. So repellent is
+this substance of moisture, that if a small quantity of it be
+sprinkled on the surface of a basin of water, the hand, by a little
+adroitness, may be plunged to the bottom of the basin without becoming
+wet.
+
+Excessive moisture or perspiration of the hands without obvious cause
+is generally indicative of debility, or disordered stomach, and
+requires corresponding treatment. Frequently washing the hands in
+moderately cold water often proves a local remedy for the
+inconvenience. The addition of a few grains of alum, sal ammoniac, or
+sulphate of zinc, or of a teaspoonful of vinegar, to the water greatly
+increases its efficacy. Extremely delicate and susceptible persons
+cannot always bear the excessive perspiration of their hands to be
+thus suddenly lessened, and therefore some discretion should be
+exercised by them in their attempts to check it.
+
+=The Finger Nails= require special attention if we desire to preserve
+them in their highest condition of beauty and usefulness. To keep them
+clean, the nailbrush and soap and water should be used once or oftener
+daily, as circumstances demand. Once a day at least, on wiping the
+hands after washing them, and whilst they are still soft from the
+action of the water, the free edge of the scarfskin, which, if not
+attended to, is apt to grow upward over the nails, should be gently
+loosened and pressed back in a neatly rounded form, by which the
+occurrence of cracks and sores about their roots (agnails, nail
+springs, etc.) will be prevented, and a graceful, oval form, ending in
+a crescentlike space of white, will be ensured. The skin, as a rule,
+should never be cut, pared, picked or torn off, as is commonly done,
+and the less it is meddled with, otherwise than in the way just
+mentioned, the better. The ends or points of the nails should be pared
+once every week or ten days, according to the rapidity of their
+growth, which somewhat varies with the season of the year and the
+habit of the individual. This is best done with a sharp penknife or
+nail-knife. Scissors are less convenient for the purpose, and have the
+disadvantage of straining and distorting the nails during the process.
+
+The length and shape of the nails, both for beauty and use, should
+exactly correspond with the tips of the fingers. Nails extending
+beyond the ends of the fingers are vulgar, clawlike, and inconvenient;
+whilst if shorter, particularly much shorter than the fingers, they
+are unsightly and of little use, and cause the tips of the fingers to
+become thick and clumsy. Biting the nails should be avoided as a dirty
+and disagreeable habit, and one utterly destructive to their beauty,
+strength, and usefulness.
+
+To remove stains and discolorations of the nails, a little lemon juice
+or vinegar and water is the best application. Should this fail, a few
+grains of salt of sorrel, oxalic acid, or chloride of lime, each
+diluted with warm water, may be applied, care being taken to
+thoroughly rinse the hands in clean water, without soap, afterwards.
+Occasionally a little pumice stone, in impalpable powder, or powdered
+cuttlefish bone, putty powder (polisher's peroxide of tin), may be
+used along with water and a piece of wash-leather, flannel, or the
+nailbrush, for the same purpose. The frequent use of any of these
+substances is, however, injurious to the healthy growth, strength, and
+permanent beauty of the nails. The common practice of scraping the
+surface of the nails cannot be too strongly censured, as it causes
+them to become weak and distorted. Blows on the nails, and, indeed,
+violence to them in any form, also distorts and marks them.
+
+The ladies of Oriental nations commonly dye the nails; and amongst
+many savage tribes the same practice is adopted, and is not confined
+to the gentler sex. Amongst Western Europeans, and Americans, white
+and regularly-formed nails are alone esteemed.
+
+=Chapped Hands= are common among persons with a languid circulation, who
+are continually “dabbling” in water during cold weather, and
+particularly among those with a scrofulous taint, who, without the
+last, expose their ungloved hands to bleak, cold winds. The best
+preventives, as well as remedies, are the use of warm gloves out of
+doors, and the application, night and morning, of a little glycerine,
+diluted with twice its weight of water, or a little cold cream,
+spermaceti cerate, salad oil, or any other simple unguent or oil,
+which should be well rubbed in, the superfluous portion being removed
+with a towel. This treatment will not only preserve the hands from the
+effects of cold and damp, but also tend to render them soft and white.
+Deep chaps which have degenerated into sores should be kept constantly
+covered with a piece of lint wetted with glycerine or spread with
+spermaceti ointment, the part being at the same time carefully
+preserved from dirt, cold, and wind. It is said that a once favorite
+actress, celebrated for the beauty of her hands, even when in the
+“sere and yellow leaf,” covered them nightly with the flare of a calf
+or lamb, with the fat attached, over which was drawn a glove or mitten
+of soft leather. The application of a little glycerine or fatty
+matter, in the way just indicated, would have been equally effective.
+
+=Warts=, like chilblains, are too well known to require description.
+They chiefly attack the hands, and particularly the fingers, but
+sometimes occur on other portions of the body. They may be removed by
+rubbing or moistening their extremities every day, or every other day,
+with lunar caustic, nitric acid, concentrated acetic acid, or aromatic
+vinegar, care being taken not to wash the hands for some hours after.
+The first is an extremely convenient and manageable substance, from
+not being liable to drop or spread; but it produces a black stain,
+which remains till the cauterized surface peels off. The second
+produces a yellow stain, in depth proportioned to the strength of the
+acid employed. This also wears off after the lapse of a few days. The
+others scarcely discolor the skin.
+
+=To Cause the Skin to become Satin-smooth, and to Smell like a bunch of
+Violets.=—Any one using the following preparation will be noted for
+the fair softness of her complexion and the delicate perfume which
+emanates from her person. For ladies who like perfume, and care for a
+satin-smooth skin, the following is an invaluable toilet
+preparation:—
+
+Have your druggist mix for you one ounce tincture of orris, one ounce
+tincture of benzoin, ten drops oil of neroli, and ten drops oil of
+lemon. To use this perfume, add a tablespoonful of it to about a pint
+of warm water. It will turn as white as milk, and the real perfume
+will be given off, whereas while in the bottle it has anything but a
+pleasing odor. Now, after your bath, just take a soft cloth and go
+over yourself with this milk, dry thoroughly, and you will smell like
+a bunch of violets. The perfume may be altered to suit you, or you may
+add any handkerchief extract, but don't omit the benzoin, for that is
+what gives permanence to the perfume and softness and smoothness to
+the skin.
+
+=To Cause Those Who have Lost the Bloom and Fairness of Early Youth to
+Regain Them.=—Many ladies who as young girls were fair with a lovely
+rosy bloom, lose these beauties very early in life; very many do this
+at twenty, or very little later, and become sallow and heavy-eyed,
+thus losing their principal charm. Now, this is very easily remedied.
+Go to your druggist and ask him for some iron pills and for some
+simple purgative to take with them. Get from him directions for taking
+both, and take strictly according to his directions. In a very short
+time you will again be fair and rosy and your eyes bright and
+sparkling; in fact, you will seem to have renewed your youth, and,
+indeed, you will feel like another person, so light-hearted will you
+become, in addition to your return of beauty.
+
+
+                               THE HAIR.
+
+=Its Estimation, Structure, Growth, Management, Etc.=—The hair is not
+only invaluable as a protective covering of the head, but it gives a
+finish and imparts unequalled grace to the features which it
+surrounds. Sculptors and painters have bestowed on its representation
+their highest skill and care, and its description and praises have
+been sung in the sweetest lays by the poets of all ages. Whether in
+flowing ringlets, chaste and simple bands, or graceful braids
+artistically disposed, it is equally charming, and clothes with
+fascination even the simplest forms of beauty.
+
+    O wondrous, wondrous, is her hair!
+    A braided wealth of golden brown,
+    That drops on neck and temples bare.
+
+If there is one point more than another on which the tastes of mankind
+appear to agree, it is that rich, luxuriant, flowing hair is not
+merely beautiful in itself, but an important, nay, an essential,
+auxiliary to the highest development of the personal charms. Among all
+the refined nations of antiquity, as in all time since, the care,
+arrangement and decoration of the hair formed a prominent and
+generally leading portion of their toilet. The ancient Egyptians and
+Assyrians, and other Eastern nations, bestowed on it the most
+elaborate attention. The ancient Jews, like their modern descendants,
+were noted for the luxuriance and richness of their hair and the care
+which they devoted to it. Glossy flowing black hair is represented to
+have been the glory of the ancient Jewess, and in her person to have
+exhibited charms of the most imposing character; whilst the chasteness
+of its arrangement was only equalled by its almost magic beauty. Nor
+was this luxuriance, and this attention to the hair, confined to the
+gentler sex, for among the pagan Orientals the hair and beards of the
+males were not less sedulously attended to. Among the males of Judah
+and Israel, long flowing ringlets appear to have been regarded as
+highly desirable and attractive. The reputed beauty and the prodigious
+length and weight of the hair of Absalom, the son of David, as
+recorded in the sacred text, would be sufficient to startle the most
+enthusiastic modern dandy that cultivates the crinal ornament of his
+person. Solomon the Wise, another son of David, conceived the beauty
+of hair sufficiently dignified to express figuratively the graces of
+the Church.
+
+The hair, though devoid of sensibility and unsusceptible of expression
+under the influence of the will and the ordinary mental feelings, like
+the mobile portions of the face, and though it may be popularly
+regarded rather in the light of a parasitic growth than as an
+essential portion of the body, is capable of being affected by the
+stronger emotions and passions, and even of aiding their expression in
+the features. Who is there that, at some period or other of his life,
+if only in childhood, in a moment of sudden terror or horror, has not
+experienced the sensation popularly described as “the hair standing on
+end?” Or who is there that, at some time or other, has not witnessed
+the partial erection of the hair in children or females under like
+violent emotions, or seen the representation of it in sculptures or
+paintings? Those passions, so aptly styled by Gray the “vultures of
+the mind,” frequently affect with wonderful rapidity the health of
+both the body and the mind, which wreck the hair soon sympathizes with
+and shares. Instances are recorded in which violent grief in a few
+weeks has blanched the hair and anticipated the effects of age; and
+others in which intense terror or horror has affected the same with
+even greater celerity, the change having occurred in a few days or
+even in a few hours.
+
+Besides daily attention to the hair, something else is necessary to
+insure its cleanliness and beauty and the perfect health of the skin
+of the head from which it springs. For this purpose the head should
+be occasionally well washed with soap and water, an abundance of water
+being used and great care being subsequently taken to thoroughly rinse
+out the whole of the soap with the water in which the head has been
+washed. The water may be either tepid or cold, according to the
+feelings or habit of the person; and if the head or hair be very
+scurfy or dirty, or hard water be used, a few grains of soda (not
+potash or pearlash) may be advantageously added to the water. This
+will increase its detersive qualities. After the hair has been washed,
+which should be done quickly, though thoroughly, it should be freed as
+much as possible by pressure with the hands and then wiped with a
+soft, thick towel, which should be done with care, to avoid entangling
+it. After laying it straight, first with the coarse end of the
+dressing comb and then with the finer portion, it may be finally
+dressed.
+
+In ordinary cases once every two or three weeks is often enough to
+wash the hair and head. The extreme length of ladies' hair will
+sometimes render the process of washing it very troublesome and
+inconvenient. In such cases the patient and assiduous use of a clean,
+good hairbrush, followed by washing the partings and the crown of the
+head with soap and water, may be substituted.
+
+The occasional washing of the head is absolutely necessary to preserve
+the health of the scalp and the luxuriance and beauty of the hair when
+much oil, pomatum or other greasy substance is used in dressing it.
+
+Medical writers have frequently pointed out the ill effects of the
+free or excessive use of oily or greasy articles for the hair; but
+their warnings appear to be unheeded by the mass of mankind. Some
+object to their use altogether. There are, however, exceptions to
+every rule, and some of these exceptions are noticed elsewhere in this
+volume. The ill effects referred to chiefly occur from their being
+used when not required, and in excess, and are aggravated by the
+neglect of thorough cleanliness.
+
+To improve the growth and luxuriance of the hair, when languid or
+defective, the only natural and perfectly safe method that can be
+adopted is to promote the healthy action of the scalp by increasing
+the vigor of the circulation of the blood through its minute channels.
+For this purpose nothing is so simple and effective as gentle
+excitation of the skin by frequent continued friction with the
+hairbrush, which has the convenience of ease of application and
+inexpensiveness. The same object may be further promoted by the
+application of any simple cosmetic wash or other preparation that
+will gently excite or stimulate the skin or exercise a tonic action on
+it without clogging its pores. Strong rosemary water or rosemary tea,
+and a weak solution of the essential oil of either rosemary or garden
+thyme, are popular articles of this kind. They may be rendered more
+stimulating by the addition of a little ammonia or a little spirit, or
+both of them. The skin of the head should be moistened with these on
+each occasion of dressing the hair, and their diffusion and action
+promoted by the use of a clean hairbrush. Aromatized water, to which a
+very little tincture or vinegar of cantharides (preferably the former)
+has been added, may also be used in the same way, and is in high
+repute for the purpose. When the skin is pale, lax, and wrinkled,
+astringent washes may be used. Strong black tea is a convenient and
+excellent application of this kind. When the skin and hair are dry,
+and the latter also stiff and untractable, a little glycerine is an
+appropriate addition to each of the preceding washes or lotions. The
+occasional use of a little bland oil, strongly scented with oil of
+rosemary or of origanum, or with both of them, or with oil of mace, or
+very slightly tinctured with cantharides, is also generally very
+serviceable when there is poorness and dryness of the hair. When the
+hair is unnaturally greasy and lax (a defect that seldom occurs), the
+use of the astringent washes just referred to, or of a little simple
+oil slightly scented with the essential oil of bitter almonds, will
+tend to remove or lessen it.
+
+All the articles named above promote the glossiness and waviness of
+the hair, and are also among the simplest, safest, and best
+applications that can be employed when the hair is weak and begins to
+fall off.
+
+To impart some degree of curliness or waviness to the hair when it is
+naturally straight, and to render it more retentive of the curl
+imparted to it by papers or by other modes of dressing it, various
+methods are often adopted and different cosmetics employed. The first
+object appears to be promoted by keeping the hair for a time in a
+state intermediate between perfect dryness and humidity, from which
+different parts of its structure, being unequally affected in this
+respect, will acquire different degrees of relaxation and rigidity,
+and thus have a tendency to assume a wavy or slightly curly form,
+provided the hair be left loose enough to allow it. For this purpose
+nothing is better than washing the hair with soap and water, to which
+a few grains of salt of tartar (carbonate of potash) have been added;
+or it may be slightly moistened with any of the hair washes mentioned
+in the last paragraph, in each half-pint of which a few grains of the
+carbonate (say ten or twelve), or a teaspoonful of glycerine, has
+been dissolved. The moistened hair, after the application of the
+brush, should be finally loosely adjusted as desired with the
+dressing-comb. The effect occurs as the hair dries. When oils are
+preferable to hair washes, those strongly scented with the oil of
+rosemary, to which a few drops of oil of thyme or origanum may be
+added, appear to be the most useful.
+
+To cause the hair to retain the position given to it in dressing it,
+various methods and cosmetics are commonly employed. When the
+arrangement is a natural one and the hair healthy and tractable, the
+free use of the hairbrush will usually be sufficient for the purpose.
+When this is insufficient, the application of a few drops of oil, or,
+better still, moistening the hair with a little simple water, will
+effect the object satisfactorily. In very elaborate and unnatural
+styles of dressing the hair, and to cause it to remain in curl or to
+retain its position during dancing, or violent exercise, bandoline and
+cosmetique or hard pomatum are the articles commonly employed in
+fashionable life. Mild ale or porter has a similar effect, and is
+often substituted for the preceding expensive cosmetics. The frequent
+use of any of these articles is objectionable, as they clog up the
+pores of the skin and shield both it and the hair from the genial
+action of the atmosphere, which is essential to their healthy vigor.
+They should, hence, be subsequently removed by carefully washing the
+head with a little soap and tepid water. Their use may be tolerated in
+dressing for the ballroom, but on no other occasion. Simple water
+skillfully employed, as noticed elsewhere, is the best and safest
+mixture, and under ordinary circumstances is amply sufficient for the
+purpose.
+
+The practice of artificially changing the color of the hair, and
+particularly of dyeing it, has descended to us from remote antiquity,
+and though not so common in Western Europe as formerly, is still far
+from infrequent at the present day. This might be inferred from the
+multitude of nostrums for the purpose continually advertised in the
+newspapers, and from the number of persons who announce themselves as
+practicing the art, even though the keen and experienced eye did not
+frequently detect instances of it, as it now does, in the hair and
+beards of those we see around us. The recent rage after light auburn
+or reddish hair in fashionable life has, unfortunately, greatly
+multiplied these instances. The consideration of the subject, however,
+in its ethical relations does not come within the province of the
+present work, and I shall confine myself to pointing out how the color
+of the hair may be changed in the safest and most satisfactory
+manner.
+
+To change the color of the hair various methods and preparations are
+employed. The principal of these are intended to darken it, but
+sometimes the contrary is aimed at. Whichever object is desired, it is
+necessary that the article or preparation employed to carry it out be
+not of a caustic or irritant nature, capable of injuriously affecting
+the delicate skin to which it is applied, or that it may be liable to
+come in contact with, as is the case with many of the nostrums vended
+for the purpose. Some of the substances that necessarily enter into
+the composition of hair strains and hair dyes, or that are used in
+connection with them, possess these objectionable properties in a high
+degree, and can, therefore, only be safely employed in a state of
+proper dilution and combination. If any doubt exists respecting such
+an article, it is a wise precaution to regard it with suspicion and to
+test its qualities before applying it for the first time. This may be
+done by placing some of it on the soft skin of the inner side of the
+wrist or fore-arm, and allowing it to remain there as long, and under
+the same conditions, as it is ordered to be left in contact with the
+hair or skin of the head or face. In this way the injury or loss of
+the hair, sores, and other serious consequences that too often follow
+the use of advertised and ill-prepared hair dyes may be generally
+avoided.
+
+To gradually darken the shade of the hair on these principles,
+provided its normal sulphur be still secreted by the hair-bulbs and be
+still present in its structure, it will, therefore, generally be
+sufficient to occasionally employ a weak solution of any of the milder
+salts of iron as a hair wash. The menstruum may be water, to which a
+little spirits and a few drops of oil of rosemary to increase its
+stimulating qualities have been added. In applying it, the head being
+first washed clean, care should be taken to thoroughly moisten the
+whole surface of the hair and the skin of the head with the wash; and
+its absorption and action should be promoted by the free use of a
+clean hairbrush. Wine is the favorite solvent for the iron; ale and
+beer are also sometimes so employed. Most of the fashionable
+ferruginous hair washes also contain a few grains of acetate of copper
+or distilled verdigris, the objections to which have been already
+pointed out.
+
+The daily use of oil or pomatum, with which a few grains of carbonate
+of lead, lead plaster, or trisnitrate of bismuth, have been blended by
+heat and careful trituration, has generally a like effect on the hair
+to ferruginous solutions; so also has a leaden comb, but its action is
+very uncertain. None of these last are, however, safe for
+long-continued use. Atrophy of the scalp, baldness, and even local
+paralysis, have sometimes, though rarely, been caused by them.
+
+When the normal sulphur of the hair is absent, or deficient, the
+preceding substances fail to darken the hair. In this case the desired
+effect may often be produced by also moistening the head, say twice a
+week, with water, to which a little sulphuret of potassium or
+hydrosulphuret of ammonia has been added.
+
+When it is desired to dye or darken the hair more rapidly, as in a few
+hours, or even a few minutes, plumbite of lime, plumbite of potassa,
+or nitrate or ammonia—nitrate of silver—is usually employed. The
+first is commonly produced by the admixture of quicklime with oxide of
+lead (litharge), carbonate of lead, or acetate of lead. These
+ingredients should be in appropriate proportions, but very generally
+the reverse is the case in those of the shops.
+
+It may be laid down as a rule that when the lime is in greater
+proportion than about two to one of the oxide, and to the
+corresponding equivalents of the other substances mentioned, or when
+the lime has not been prepared in a proper manner, the compound is not
+safe, and very likely to prove injurious to the skin and hair-bulbs,
+and perhaps to act as a depilatory. The effects of these lead dyes
+arise partly in the way previously described and partly by direct
+chemical action between the sulphur of the hair and the lead which
+they contain, sulphuret of lead being formed in the surfacial portion
+of the hair. It is on the last that their more immediate effect
+depends. If there be no sulphur in the hair, they will not darken it.
+After the necessary period of contact, they should be gently but
+thoroughly removed from the hair and skin by rubbing them off with the
+fingers, and by the use of the hairbrush, the head being then washed
+clean with tepid water. Should the tint imparted by them not be deep
+enough, or be too fiery, it may be darkened and turned on the brown or
+black by moistening the hair the next day with a very weak solution of
+sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of ammonia.
+
+None of the compounds of lead stain the skin, an advantage which has
+led to a preference being given to them by many persons who are clumsy
+manipulators, and to the more extensive use of them than of other hair
+dyes.
+
+The salts of silver above referred to are more rapid in their action
+as hair dyes than those containing lead. It is only necessary to wash
+the hair quite clean and free from grease, then to moisten it with a
+weak solution of one of them, and, lastly, to expose it to the light,
+to effect the object in view. Sunlight will fully darken it in a few
+minutes, but in diffused daylight it will take two or three hours, or
+longer, to acquire the deepest shade. To avoid this delay and
+inconvenience, the common practice is, a few minutes after applying
+the silver solution, to moisten or wet the hair with a solution of
+sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of ammonia. The effect is
+immediate, and the full depth of shade which a silver solution of the
+strength employed is capable of imparting is at once produced. A few
+minutes later and the hair and skin may be rinsed with tepid water,
+gently wiped dry, and the hair finally adjusted with the comb. The
+effect of its application, its rapid action, and the satisfactory
+nature of the effect produced, all tend to render a solution of
+nitrate of silver the favorite hair dye of those who have sufficient
+skill and steadiness of hand to use it properly.
+
+It will be useful here to inform the inexperienced reader that all
+solutions and compounds which contain nitrate of silver stain the skin
+as well as the hair, if they be allowed to touch it. These stains may
+be removed, when quite recent, by rubbing them with a piece of rag or
+sponge wetted with a weak solution of potassium, of hydrosulphuret of
+ammonia, or of iodide of potassium; but as this is attended with some
+trouble and inconvenience, the best way is to avoid the necessity of
+having recourse to it. The hairdressers commonly adopt the plan of
+smearing hard pomatum or cosmetique over the skin immediately
+surrounding the hair to be operated upon, in order to protect it from
+the dye. By very skillful manipulation, and the observance of due
+precautions, the hair may be thoroughly moistened with the silver
+solution without touching the adjacent skin; but this can only be done
+when the hair of the head is under treatment by a second party.
+
+In reference to the tone and shades of color given by the substances
+commonly employed to dye the hair, it may be useful to state that the
+shades given by preparations of _iron_ and _bismuth_ range from dark
+brown to black; those given by the salts of silver, from a fine
+natural chestnut to deep brown and black, all of which are rich and
+unexceptional. The shades given by lead vary from reddish-brown and
+auburn to black; and when pale or when the dye has been badly applied
+or compounded, are generally of a sandy, reddish hue, often far from
+agreeable. However, this tendency of the lead dyes has recently led to
+their extensive use to impart that peculiar tint to the light hair of
+ladies and children which is now so fashionable. Other substances,
+hereafter referred to, are, however, preferable, as imparting a more
+pleasing hue.
+
+The reddish tint produced by lead, as already hinted, may be generally
+darkened into a brown, more or less rich, by subsequently moistening
+the hair with a weak solution of either sulphuret of potassium or
+hydrosulphuret of ammonia.
+
+The favorite compounds for external use in baldness, and, perhaps, the
+most convenient and best, are such as owe their stimulating quality to
+cantharides or Spanish flies, or to their active principle,
+cantharidine. This application of these drugs has received the
+sanction of the highest medical authorities, both in Europe and
+America. The leading professional hair-restorers now rely almost
+exclusively on cantharides, and all the more celebrated advertised
+nostrums for restoring the hair contain it as their active ingredient.
+
+Oils and pomades, very strongly impregnated with the essential oil of
+garden thyme (origanum) and rosemary, and lotions or liniments
+containing ammonia with a like addition of these essential oils,
+probably come next in the frequency of their use as popular
+restoratives of the hair in actual and incipient baldness.
+
+=To Have Elegant Hair.=—Every girl should have thick, magnificent hair.
+It is essential to clip the ends of the hair once a month after a
+child is four years of age. Ammonia and warm water is an excellent
+wash for the hair and scalp, and gives life and vigor to it when all
+other articles fail.
+
+=Wild Rose Curling Fluid.=—Take two drams (avoirdupois) dry salt of
+tartar; (carbonate of potassa) powdered cochineal, half dram; liquor
+of ammonia and spirit de rose, each one fluid dram; glycerine,
+one-fourth ounce; rectified spirit, one and one-half imperial fluid
+ounces; distilled water, eighteen ounces; digest with agitation for a
+week, and then decant or filter. The hair to be moistened with it, and
+then loosely adjusted. The effect occurs as it dries.
+
+=To Cause the Hair to Grow very Thick.=—One of the most powerful
+stimulants for the growth of the hair is the following: Take a quarter
+of an ounce of the chippings of alkanet root, tie in a scrap of coarse
+muslin, and suspend it in a jar containing eight ounces of sweet oil
+for a week, covering it from the dust. Add to this sixty drops
+tincture of cantharides, ten drops oil of rose, sixty drops of neroli,
+and sixty drops oil of lemon. Let this stand twenty days, closely
+corked, and you will have one of the greatest hair-invigorators and
+hair-growers that this world has ever produced.
+
+=Lola Montez Hair Coloring.=—This celebrated woman published the
+following, and claimed that it was as harmless as any preparation that
+would really color the hair: Ten grains of gallic acid, one ounce of
+acetic acid, one ounce of tincture of sesgurichloride of iron.
+Dissolve the gallic acid, sesgurichloride, and add the acetic acid.
+Wash the hair with soap and water; when dried, apply the dye by
+dipping a fine comb in it and drawing through the hair so as to color
+the roots thoroughly. Let it dry, then oil and brush well.
+
+=Hair Restorative.=—Four drams oxide bismuth, four drams spermaceti,
+four ounces pure hog's lard. The lard and spermaceti should be melted
+together. When nearly cool, stir in the bismuth and perfume. Prevents
+the hair from turning gray, and restores gray hair.
+
+=For Bald Heads.=—A most valuable remedy for promoting the growth of
+the hair is an application, once or twice a day, of wild indigo and
+alcohol. Take four ounces of wild indigo and steep it about a week or
+ten days in a pint of alcohol and a pint of hot water, when it will be
+ready for use. The head must be thoroughly washed with the liquid,
+morning and evening, application being made with a sponge or soft
+brush.
+
+Another excellent preparation is composed of three ounces of castor
+oil, with just enough alcohol to cut the oil, to which add twenty
+drops tincture of cantharides, and perfume to suit. This not only
+softens and imparts a gloss to the hair, but also invigorates and
+strengthens the roots of the hair.
+
+=Excellent Hair Wash.=—Take one ounce of borax, half an ounce of
+camphor; powder these ingredients very fine and dissolve them in one
+quart boiling water. When cool the solution will be ready for use.
+Dampen the hair frequently. This wash effectually cleanses,
+beautifies, and strengthens the hair, preserves the color, and
+prevents early baldness. The camphor will form into lumps after being
+dissolved, but the water will be sufficiently impregnated.
+
+=To Cure Baldness.=—Cologne water, two ounces; tincture of cantharides,
+two drams; oil of lavender or rosemary, of each ten drops. These
+applications must be used twice a day for three or four weeks, but if
+the scalp becomes sore they may be discontinued for a time or used at
+longer intervals.
+
+When the hair falls off, from diminished action of the scalp,
+preparations of cantharides are excellent. The following will cause
+the hair to grow faster than any other preparation: Beef marrow
+(soaked in several waters, melted and strained), half a pound;
+tincture cantharides (made by soaking for a week one dram of powdered
+cantharides in one ounce of proof spirit), one ounce; oil of bergamot,
+twelve drops.
+
+=Stimulants for the Hair.=—Vinegar and water form a good wash for the
+roots of the hair. A solution of ammonia is often used with good
+effect for the same purpose. For removing scurf, glycerine diluted
+with a little rose-water will be found of service. Any preparation of
+rosemary forms an agreeable and highly cleansing wash. The yolk of an
+egg beaten up in warm water is a most nutritious application to the
+scalp. A very good application is made in this way: Take an ounce of
+powdered borax and a small piece of camphor and dissolve in a quart of
+boiling water. The hair must afterwards be washed in warm water. Many
+heads of hair require nothing more in the way of wash than soap and
+water. The following recipe will strengthen the hair and prevent its
+falling out: Vinegar of cantharides, half an ounce; eau de cologne,
+one ounce; rose-water, one ounce. The scalp should be brushed briskly
+until it becomes red, and the lotion should then be applied to the
+roots of the hair twice a day.
+
+=The Golden Hair Secret.=—The rage for light, gold color, or even red
+hair, which has prevailed for some time, has led to various expedients
+for procuring it. Many ladies have sacrificed fine heads of hair, and
+in place of their own dark tresses have adopted light wigs; but the
+prevailing absurdity has been the use of strong alkalies for the
+purpose of turning dark hair light. This is the purpose of the
+ausicomus fluid, which may be procured of any hairdresser; but we warn
+our fair readers that the use of these products is apt to be
+disappointing. They certainly will turn black to a brick-dust hue, but
+the color is often disagreeable. It is apt to present itself in
+patches in different hues, and the effect on the hair is terrible—it
+often rots and crumbles away. In place of this absurd practice, we
+recommend the following as available for trying the effect for dress
+purpose: Procure a packet of gold powder of the hairdresser. Have
+ready a very weak solution of gum and water, and one of the small
+perfume vaporizers now in use. When the hair has been dressed,
+sprinkle it with gum and water by means of the vaporizer and then
+shower on the gold powder. It may be put on thick enough to hide the
+color of the hair, and owing to the gum it cannot be danced off. The
+effect by artificial light is beautiful.
+
+=For Keeping the Hair Crimped or Curled in Summer.=—A quarter of an
+ounce of gum tragacanth, one pint rose-water, and five drops of
+glycerine; mix and let stand over night. If the tragacanth is not
+dissolved, let it remain half a day longer; if it is thick add more
+rose-water and let it remain for some hours. If then it is a smooth
+solution, nearly as thin as glycerine, it is fit for use. Dampen the
+hair before crimping or curling.
+
+=To Bleach the Hair.=—It has been found in the bleaching of hair that
+gaseous chlorine is the most effectual. The hair should be cleaned for
+that purpose by a warm solution of soda and washed afterwards with
+water. While moist it is put into a jar with chlorine gas introduced
+until the air in the jar looks greenish. Allow it to remain on for
+twenty-four hours, and then, if necessary, repeat the operation.
+
+=A New French Remedy for Baldness.=—Croton oil, one of the best French
+remedies for baldness, is employed by simply adding to it oil or
+pomade, and stirring or agitating the two together until admixture or
+solution is complete. The formula adopted by the eminent French
+physician who introduced this remedy, and who speaks in the most
+confident and enthusiastic way of the success attending its use, is:
+Take croton oil, twelve drops (minims); oil of almonds, four troy
+grains. Mix. A little is to be well rubbed on the scalp twice a day.
+Soft down, we are assured, appears in three weeks.
+
+=For Improving the Hair.=—_Palma Christi oil for thickening the hair_:
+Take one ounce of Palma Christi oil, add oil of lavender or bergamot
+to scent it. Let it be well brushed into the hair for two or three
+months, particularly applying it to those parts where it may be most
+desirable to render the hair luxuriant. This is a simple and valuable
+oil, and not in the hands of any monopolist.
+
+=To Dye the Hair Flaxen.=—We have heard the following is effective:
+Take a quart of lye prepared from the ashes of vine twigs, briony,
+celandine roots, and tumeric, of each half an ounce; saffron and lily
+roots, of each two drams; flowers of mullein, yellow stechas, broom,
+and St. John's wort, of each a dram. Boil these together and strain
+off the liquor clear. Frequently wash the hair with the fluid, and it
+will change it, we are told, in a short time to a beautiful flaxen
+color.
+
+=A Powder for Preserving the Hair.=—The following powder has the name
+of facilitating the regeneration of the hair and strengthening its
+roots. Still more valuable properties have been ascribed to it, such
+as that of rousing the imagination to vigorous efforts and
+strengthening the memory—delightful properties if they could be
+realized by such simple means. Take an ounce and a half of red roses;
+a small quantity each of calamus aromaticus (sweet-scented flag), and
+of the long cyperus; an ounce of benzoin; six drams of aloes (the wood
+of); half an ounce of red coral, and the same quantity of amber; four
+ounces of bean flour; and eight ounces of the root of Florentine iris.
+Let the whole be mixed together and reduced to a very fine powder, to
+which add a few grains of musk. This powder is to be sprinkled on the
+hair in the same manner as hair powder is generally used, and, having
+remained for a time embedded with the hair, to be removed by means of
+comb and brush; and to be occasionally applied and removed. It is said
+to regenerate the hair and strengthen the roots, and to possess the
+properties which are above enumerated.
+
+=To Make the Hair Grow and to Prevent It from Falling.=—The following
+recipes are selected from a work published some years ago in Paris,
+entitled “Manuel Cosmetique des Plantes”:—
+
+Take the roots of young vines, the roots of hemp, and young cabbages,
+of each two handfuls. Dry, and then burn them. Make afterwards a lye
+with the ashes. Before the head is washed with this lye it must be
+rubbed with honey, and continue both for three successive days. This
+will not only make the hair grow, but restore it upon bald places,
+under certain habits and constitutions of body. Pulverize some parsley
+seed, and use it as hair powder for three nights at the commencement
+of the year, and it will prevent your hair from falling.
+
+=To Make the Hair Grow Quick.=—Dip, every morning, the teeth of your
+comb in the juice of nettles, and comb the hair against the grain.
+
+=Mixture for Shampoo.=—Bay rum, one pint; tincture of cantharides, one
+dram; carbonate of ammonia, one half dram; salts tartar, one half
+dram. Mix.
+
+=To Prevent the Hair Falling Out.=—Boxwood shavings, six ounces; proof
+spirit, twelve ounces; spirits of rosemary, two ounces; spirits of
+nutmeg, one half ounce. Mix.
+
+=Wash for Scald Heads.=—Take one half ounce of sulphate of potassa, one
+pint of lime water, one ounce of soap liniment. Mix, and apply to the
+head two or three times a day.
+
+
+                        POWDERS AND THEIR USES.
+
+The powders usually sold by druggists are injurious to the complexion,
+owing to harmful ingredients. If a powder is perfectly pure, a
+moderate use of it will not harm the complexion, but if it is impure
+it soon causes the face to turn sallow and yellow. The following is
+perfectly pure, and is a splendid article, giving a lovely, refined
+complexion:—
+
+=Boston Burnet Powder for the Face.=—Five cents' worth of bay rum, five
+cents' worth of magnesia snowflake, five cents' worth of bergamot,
+five cents' worth oil of lemon; mix in a pint bottle and fill up with
+rain water. Perfectly harmless, and splendid.
+
+=Queen Bess Complexion Wash.=—Put in a vial one dram of benzoin gum in
+powder, one dram nutmeg oil, six drops of orange-blossom tea or apple
+blossoms; put in half a pint of rain water, and boiled down to a
+spoonful, and strained; one-pint of sherry wine. Bathe the face
+morning and night; it will remove all flesh-worms and freckles, and
+give a beautiful complexion. Or, put one ounce of powdered gum benzoin
+in a pint of whisky. To use: Put in water in washbowl till it is
+milky.
+
+
+                         FLESH-WORMS—TO CURE.
+
+Black specks on the nose disfigure the face. Remove by washing
+thoroughly in tepid water, rubbing with a towel, and applying with a
+soft flannel a lotion made of three ounces of cologne and half an
+ounce of liquor of potash.
+
+
+            TO WHITEN THE SKIN AND REMOVE FRECKLES AND TAN.
+
+Bathe three times a day in a preparation of three quarts water, one
+quart alcohol, two ounces of cologne and one of borax, in proportion
+of two teaspoons mixture to two tablespoons soft water.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+
+                  TREATING OF MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.
+
+
+=The Human Temperaments.=—By these are meant certain types, forms or
+conformations of the human body, each known and distinguished from the
+other by certain characteristics, which enable those who are familiar
+with these peculiarities to readily distinguish one temperament from
+the others. The existence of the temperaments is believed to depend
+upon the development of certain parts or systems in the body, and each
+is accompanied by different degrees of activity of the brain, and
+corresponding difference in the talents and manifestations of the
+individual. They are four in number, viz.: Nervous, Sanguine, Bilious,
+and Lymphatic. When the brain and nerves are predominant, it is termed
+the _nervous_ temperament; if the lungs and blood vessels
+constitutionally predominate, the _sanguine_; if the muscular and
+fibrous systems are in the ascendency, the _bilious_; and when the
+glands and assimilating organs are in the ascendency, it is termed the
+_lymphatic_ or _phlegmatic_.
+
+First: The nervous is indicated by fine, thin hair, small muscles,
+thin skin, pale countenance, brilliant eyes, with great quickness and
+sensitiveness to impressions, and is really the mental or intellectual
+temperament.
+
+Second: The sanguine is known by a stout, well-defined form, a full
+face, florid complexion, moderate plumpness, firm flesh, chestnut or
+sandy hair, and blue eyes. This is the tough, hardy, working
+temperament, excessively fond of exercise and activity, and a great
+aversion to muscular quiescence and inactivity, and consequently
+averse to books and close literary pursuits.
+
+Third: The bilious is indicated by a thin, spare face, dark skin,
+black hair, firm flesh, moderate stoutness, with rough, harsh, and
+strongly marked features. This temperament gives great will,
+elasticity, and powers of endurance, and, when combined with the
+nervous, is the great, efficient, moving temperament in the great
+events of the world.
+
+Fourth: The lymphatic is indicated by paleness, roundness of the form,
+softness of muscle, fair hair, sleepy, half-closed eyes, and a dull,
+sluggish, inexpressive face. In this temperament the brain and all
+other parts of the body appear to be slow, dull, and languid, and the
+whole body little else than one great manufactory of fat. These
+temperaments, however, are rarely found pure, but mixed or blended in
+an almost endless variety of ways, producing the ever-varying
+peculiarities of human character and intellect.
+
+
+           THE FORTUNATE AND UNFORTUNATE DAYS OF EACH MONTH.
+
+                              FORTUNATE.
+
+In January, six days—the 1st, 2nd, 15th, 26th, 27th, and 28th.
+In February, four days—the 11th, 21st, 25th, and 26th.
+In March, two days—the 10th and 24th.
+In April, five days—the 6th, 15th, 16th, 20th, and 28th.
+In May, three days—the 3rd, 18th, and 31st.
+In June, five days—the 10th, 11th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th.
+In July, three days—the 9th, 15th, and 28th.
+In August, six days—the 6th, 7th, 10th, 11th, 19th, and 25th.
+In September, five days—the 4th, 8th, 17th, 18th, and 23rd.
+In October, five days—the 3rd, 7th, 16th, 21st, and 22nd.
+In November, three days—the 5th, 14th, and 20th.
+In December, six days—the 15th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, and 25th.
+
+
+                             UNFORTUNATE.
+
+In January, seven days—the 3rd, 4th, 6th, 13th, 14th, 20th, and 21st.
+In February, seven days—the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 17th, and 23rd.
+In March, eight days—the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 28th, and 29th.
+In April, two days—the 24th and 25th.
+In May, five days—the 17th, 20th, 27th, 29th, and 30th.
+In June, eight days—the 1st, 5th, 6th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 24th.
+In July, four days—the 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 18th.
+In August, two days—the 15th and 16th.
+In September, two days—the 9th and 16th.
+In October, six days—the 4th, 9th, 11th, 17th, 27th, and 31st
+In November, four days—the 3rd, 9th, 10th, and 21st.
+In December, two days—the 14th and 21st.
+
+
+         DAYS OF THE WEEK—THEIR IMPORTANCE AT THE NATAL HOUR.
+
+A child born on Sunday shall be of long life and obtain riches.
+
+A child born on Monday will be weak and effeminate.
+
+Tuesday is more unfortunate still, though a child born on this day
+may, by extraordinary vigilance, conquer the inordinate desires to
+which he will be subject; still, in his violent attempts to gratify
+them, he will be in danger of a violent death.
+
+The child born on Wednesday will be given to a studious life, and
+shall reap great profit therefrom.
+
+A child born on Thursday shall attain great honor and dignity.
+
+He who calls Friday his natal day shall be of a strong constitution,
+and perhaps addicted to the pleasures of love.
+
+Saturday is another ill-omened day; most children born on this day
+will be of heavy, dull, and dogged disposition.
+
+
+                     IMPORTANT ADVICE TO FEMALES.
+
+It has often been observed, and experience has shown the observation
+to be a true one, that some event of importance is sure to happen to a
+woman in her thirty-first year, whether it prove for her good or it be
+some evil or temptation; therefore we advise her to be circumspect in
+all her actions. If she is a maiden or widow, it is probable she will
+marry this year. If a wife, that she will lose her children or
+husband. She will either receive riches or travel into a foreign land;
+at all events, some circumstance or other will take place during this
+remarkable year of her life that will have great effect on her future
+fortunes and existence.
+
+
+                            THE MAGIC RING.
+
+=To know whom you will marry, and what kind of a fate you will have
+with them.=—Borrow a wedding ring, concealing the purpose for which
+you borrow it; but no widow's or pretended marriage ring will do—it
+spoils the charm; wear it for three hours at least before you retire
+to rest, and then suspend it, by a hair off your head, over your
+pillow; write within a circle resembling a ring, the sentence from the
+matrimonial service beginning with, “_with this ring I thee wed_,” and
+round the circle write your own name at full length, and the figures
+that stand for your age; place it under your pillow, and your dream
+will fully explain whom you are to marry, and what kind of a fate you
+will have with them. If your dream is too confused to remember it, or
+you do not dream at all, it is a certain sign that you will never be
+married.
+
+
+                PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF A GOOD GENIUS.
+
+A straight, erect body, neither over tall nor short, between fat and
+thin. The flesh naturally soft. The skin neither soft nor rough, but a
+medium between. The complexion white, verging to a blush of redness.
+The hair between hard and soft, usually of a brown color. The head and
+face of a moderate size. The forehead rather high. The eyes manly,
+big, and clear, of a blue or hazel color. The aspect mild and humane.
+The teeth so mixed that some are broad and some narrow. A subtle
+tongue, and the voice between intense and remiss. The neck comely and
+smooth. The channel-bone of the throat appearing and moving. The back
+and ribs not over fleshy. The shoulders plain and slender. The hands
+indifferently long and smooth. The fingers long, smooth, and equally
+distant. The nails white, mixed with red, and shining. The carriage of
+the body erect in walking.
+
+
+         ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, OR PSYCHOLOGICAL FASCINATION.
+
+The most easy, sure and direct mode to produce electro-psychological
+communication is to take the individual by the hand, in the same
+manner as though you were going to shake hands. Press your thumb with
+moderate force upon the _ulnar nerve_, which spreads its branches to
+the ring and little finger. The pressure should be nearly one inch
+above the knuckle, and in range of the ring finger. Lay the ball of
+the thumb flat and particularly crosswise so as to cover the minute
+branches of this nerve of motion and sensation. When you first take
+your subject by the hand, request him to place his eyes upon yours,
+and to keep them fixed, so that he may see every emotion of your mind
+expressed in the countenance. Continue this pressure for half a minute
+or more, then request him to close his eyes, and with your fingers
+gently brush downward several times over the eyelids, as though
+fastening them firmly together. Throughout the whole process feel
+within yourself a fixed determination to close them, so as to express
+that determination fully in your countenance and manner. Having done
+this, place your hand on the top of his head and press your thumb
+firmly on the organ of individuality, bearing partially downward, and
+with the other thumb still pressing the _ulnar nerve_, tell him, _You
+cannot open your eyes!_ Remember that your manner, your expression of
+countenance, your motions, and your language must all be of the same
+positive character. If he succeed in opening his eyes, try it once or
+twice more, because impressions, whether physical or mental, continue
+to deepen by repetition. In case, however, that you cannot close his
+eyes, nor see any effect produced upon them, you should cease making
+any further efforts, because you have now fairly tested that his mind
+and body both stand in a positive relation as regards the doctrine of
+impressions. If you succeed in closing the subject's eyes by the above
+mode, you may then request him to put his hands on his head, or in any
+other position you choose, and tell him, _You cannot stir them!_ In
+case you succeed, request him to be seated, and tell him, _You cannot
+rise!_ If you are successful in this, request him to put his hands in
+motion, and tell him, _You cannot stop them!_ If you succeed, request
+him to walk on the floor, and tell him, _You cannot cease walking!_ As
+so you may continue to perform experiments, involving muscular motion
+and paralysis of any kind that may recur to your mind, till you can
+completely control him in arresting or moving all the voluntary parts
+of his system.
+
+
+                              MESMERISM.
+
+If you desire to mesmerize a person, who has never been put in that
+state, nor in the least affected, the plan is to set him in an easy
+posture and request him to be calm and resigned. Take him by both
+hands, or else by one hand and place your other gently on his
+forehead. But with whatever part of his body you choose to come in
+contact, be sure to always touch two points, answering to the
+_positive_ and _negative_ forces. Having taken him by both hands, fix
+your eyes upon his, and, if possible, let him contentedly and steadily
+look you in the face. Remain in this position until his eyes close.
+Then place both your hands on his head, gently pass them to his
+shoulders, down the arms, and off at the ends of his fingers. Throw
+your hands outward as you return them to his head, and continue these
+passes till he can hear no voice but yours. He is then entirely in the
+mesmeric state. When a person is in the mesmeric state, whether put
+there by yourself or someone else, you can awake him by the upward
+passes, or else do it by an impression, as follows: Tell him, “I will
+count _three_, and at the same instant I say _three_ I will slap my
+hands together, and you will be wide awake and in your perfect senses.
+Are you ready?” If he answers in the affirmative, you will proceed to
+count “One, two, three!” The word three should be spoken suddenly, and
+in a very loud voice, and at the same instant the palms of the hands
+should be smitten together. This will instantly awake him.
+
+
+            HOW TO MAKE PERSONS AT A DISTANCE THINK OF YOU.
+
+Let it be particularly remembered that “faith” and concentration of
+thought are positively needful to accomplish aught in drawing others
+to you, or making them think of you. If you have not the capacity or
+understanding to operate an electric telegraph battery, it is no proof
+that an expert and competent person should fail in doing so. Just so
+in this case; if faith, meditation, or concentration of thought fail
+you, then will you also fail to operate on others. First, you must
+have a yearning for the person you wish to make think of you; and,
+secondly, you must learn to guess at what time of day or night, he may
+be unemployed—passive—so that he may be in a proper state to receive
+the thought which you dispatch to him. If he should be occupied in any
+way, so that his nervous forces were needed to complete his task, his
+“human battery,” or thought, would not be in a recipient or passive
+condition, therefore your experiment would fail at that moment. Or, if
+he were under heavy narcotics, liquors, tobacco, or gluttonous
+influences, he could not be reached at such moments. Or, if he were
+asleep, and you operated to effect a wakeful mind or thought, you
+would fail again at the moment. To make a person at a distance think
+of you (whether you are acquainted with him or not, matters not), I
+again repeat, find out or guess at what moment he is likely to be
+passive—by this I mean easy and careless; then, with the most fervent
+prayer or yearning of your entire heart, mind, soul, and strength,
+desire he may think of you. And if you wish him to think on any
+particular topic in relation to you, it is necessary for you to press
+your hands, when operating on him, on such mental faculties of your
+head as you wish him to exercise towards you. This demands a meager
+knowledge of Phrenology. His “feeling nature,” or “propensities,” you
+cannot reach through these operations, but when he thinks of you (if
+he does not know you, he imagines such a being as you are) he can
+easily afterwards be controlled by you, and he will feel disposed to
+go in the direction where you are, if circumstances permit and he is
+his own master, for, remember, circumstances alter cases. I said you
+cannot reach his “feeling,” but only his “thinking,” nature, truly,
+but after he thinks of you once his “feeling nature,” or propensities,
+may become aroused through his own organization. In conclusion on this
+topic, let me say that if you wish the person simply to think of you,
+one operation may answer; but, on the contrary, if you wish him to
+meet you, or go where you are, all you have to do is to persevere, in
+a lawful and Christian manner, to operate, and I assure you, in the
+course of all natural things—that is, if no accident or very
+unfavorable circumstances occur—he will make his way towards you, and
+when he comes within sight, or reaching distance of you, it will be
+easy to manage him.
+
+
+              HOW TO CHARM THOSE WHOM YOU MEET AND LOVE.
+
+When you desire to make any one “love” you with whom you meet,
+although not personally acquainted with him, you can very readily
+reach him and make his acquaintance, if you observe the foregoing
+instructions in addition to the following directions: Suppose you see
+him coming towards you, in an unoccupied mood, or recklessly or
+passively walking past you, all that remains for you at that moment is
+to concentrate your thought, and send it into him as before explained,
+and, to your astonishment, if he was passive, he will look at you, and
+now is your time to send a thrill to his heart, by looking him
+carelessly, though determinately, in the eyes, and praying him, with
+all your heart, mind, soul, and strength, that he may read your
+thought and receive your true love, which God designs we should bear
+one another. This accomplished, and you need not, and must not, wait
+for a cold-hearted, fashionable, and popular Christian introduction;
+neither should you hastily run into his arms, but continue operating
+in this psychological manner, not losing any convenient opportunity to
+meet him at an appropriate place, when an unembarrassed exchange of
+words will open the door to the one so magnetized. At this interview,
+unless prudence sanction it, do not shake hands, but let your manners
+and loving eyes speak with Christian charity and ease. Wherever or
+whenever you meet again, at the first opportunity grasp his hand in an
+earnest, sincere, and affectionate manner, observing at the same time
+the following important directions, viz.: As you take his bare hand in
+yours, press your thumb gently, though firmly, between the bones of
+the thumb and the forefinger of his hand, and at the very instant when
+you press thus on the blood vessels (which you can before ascertain to
+pulsate) look him earnestly and lovingly in the eyes, and send all
+your heart's, mind's, and soul's strength into his organization, and
+he will be your friend, and if you find him not to be congenial, you
+have him in your power, and by carefully guarding against evil
+influences, you can reform him to suit your own purified, Christian,
+and loving taste.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER III.
+
+                  A SPECIAL CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN.
+
+
+                               MARRIAGE.
+
+Advice upon this subject is very much needed. I am assured that it is
+a subject not often talked of in families—at least, as it ought to
+be—nor is it much alluded to in the pulpit, and the result is that
+young people commonly get their notions about it from those only a
+little older than themselves, and who therefore know but little more
+than they do, or from those who form their opinions from the abuse
+they see of it and so hold degrading and unworthy ideas respecting it.
+Sometimes all that is known about it amounts to this, that it is a
+delightful thing to be married.
+
+It is quite true that it often is, and always ought to be, delightful;
+still, you know it is frequently the reverse. You cannot, then, be too
+cautious in the matter.
+
+Nothing can be more orderly, right, proper, and holy than marriage. It
+is not, however, quite so simple an affair as you may fancy. Every
+good thing (and this is one of the best) requires some effort to
+obtain it, and unless you take the right course you must not expect to
+succeed.
+
+You may often see a young woman who, from not entertaining correct
+views on the point, is certainly taking a wrong course, her endeavors
+being rather to make what she considers a good match than by acquiring
+kind and orderly habits to qualify herself to become worthy of a
+worthy husband.
+
+That the best things are liable to the greatest abuses is notorious,
+and from the lamentable fact that marriage is often abused we may
+fairly infer its pre-eminent worth. In truth, there is nothing more
+valuable. It is, then, highly injurious to entertain low notions
+respecting it, and men who indulge in loose conversation on the
+subject are likely at the same time to think meanly of women. Beware
+of them, and if you hear them expressing such opinions in your
+presence, withdraw from them at once as unworthy of your company.
+Never fear but they will respect you the more for the rebuke.
+
+Of course you are looking forward to settling happily, and will do
+your best for that purpose. On this let me remark that all happiness
+(that is, all that is genuine, and therefore worthy of the name) comes
+from connection with the one great source of all good, and He has
+freely and fully provided all the means necessary for our being happy,
+both here and hereafter. He has placed each of us where it is best for
+us to be, and in the circumstances that are best for us at the time,
+and this applies to you and to me now. Howsoever much appearances may
+be to the contrary, He cares as much for each of us as if we were the
+sole objects of His care. It is only by doing our duty in humble
+dependence on His assistance, which He never withholds, that we can be
+happy. It behooves you, then, to consider well what is your duty, in
+order that you may do it and may enjoy the blessings He is so ready to
+bestow. I hope you may have been a loving and dutiful daughter, an
+affectionate sister, and a faithful friend; then you may have good
+ground of hope for the future.
+
+
+                      WHEN A PROSPECT OF MARRIAGE
+
+occurs you cannot do better than consult your mother, aunt, or other
+discreet relative that has your welfare at heart, from whom you may
+reasonably expect the best and most disinterested advice; and this it
+will be well for you to be guided by. Women of mature years can judge
+far better than you whether a man is likely to make a good husband.
+You should likewise quietly and cautiously make your own observations
+among your married acquaintances, especially where you believe there
+is a comfortable and happy home. You will doubtless find that to a
+very great extent this happy home depends on the wife's management and
+economy. Very often it happens that when two husbands have the same
+income, with the same number of children, there will be comfort in the
+one home and discomfort in the other. Now, there must be a reason for
+this, and you should endeavor to find it out and profit by the lesson.
+It is said “Cleanliness is next to godliness,” and truly the value of
+cleanliness cannot be overrated. In point of time, it should go before
+godliness, for where there is not cleanliness there can hardly be
+godliness; and the health of body and mind are greatly dependent on
+these two. Moreover, where can there be complete happiness without
+health?
+
+One of the most prolific sources of matrimonial difficulties is the
+lack of knowledge on the part of wives of the duties of housekeeping.
+In these days there are a hundred young ladies who can drum on the
+piano to one who can make a good loaf of bread.
+
+
+                         YET A HUNGRY HUSBAND
+
+cares more for a good dinner than he does—as long as his appetite is
+unappeased—to listen to the music of the spheres. Heavy bread has
+made many heavy hearts, given rise to dyspepsia—horrid dyspepsia—and
+its herd of accompanying torments. Girls who desire that their
+husbands should be amiable and kind, should learn how to make good
+bread. When a young man is courting, he can live well at home; or, if
+he has to go a distance to pay his addresses, he usually obtains good
+meals at an hotel or an eating-house; but when he is married and gets
+to housekeeping, his wife assumes the functions of his mother or his
+landlord, and it is fortunate for her if she has been educated so as
+to know what a good table is. Those who are entirely dependent upon
+hired cooks make a very poor show at housekeeping. The stomach
+performs a very important part in the economy of humanity, and wives
+who are forgetful of this fact commit a serious mistake.
+
+You know full well that most young men—and most young women, too—are
+desirous of marrying and having a family; but they do not sufficiently
+consider that it is God who gives them this desire, and that for the
+wisest of purposes; not only that this world may be peopled, but also
+that its inhabitants may be prepared for heaven.
+
+Nothing is more certain than that
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE AFFORDS
+
+the fairest opportunities for preparing for a better world. In it we
+have others dearer than ourselves to think about and provide for; and
+in doing so, we have often to practice that very useful virtue,
+self-denial. Let me here impress upon you most deeply, that it is only
+by making others happy that we can become happy ourselves. The angels,
+we may be assured, are happy, because they are always actively good;
+and for a similar reason it is that God himself is infinitely happy.
+If you try to secure you own happiness by any other means than a
+faithful discharge of your duty to God and your neighbor, you will
+certainly fail.
+
+I dare say you will find that
+
+
+                  YOUNG MEN ARE FOND OF YOUR COMPANY,
+
+and of paying you every polite attention, and you, as a right-minded
+woman, are well pleased to be so treated. It is due to you _as a
+woman_. Now, each of them is, or ought to be, looking out for a wife,
+and it is well that you should know this. It is, too, more important
+than you perhaps are aware, that you should be carefully making your
+own observations, so that when the time arrives for one of them to ask
+you to become his wife you may not be taken by surprise, but may know
+how to act on the occasion.
+
+Let me caution you here against a failing that is common among young
+women. I mean that of making themselves too cheap. They feel flattered
+by the attentions paid to them, and are not sufficiently aware that
+many young men are fond of indulging in flattery; and such, if they
+find a young woman weak enough to be pleased with it, will perhaps
+play upon her feelings and gain her affections without having any
+honorable intentions towards her.
+
+As a protection against such, I recommend you to have a proper respect
+for yourself, and to consider with what object or purpose you receive
+their attentions. If you respond without an object, you may be doing
+them wrong; if you accept them when they have no right intentions, you
+allow them to wrong you. For this purpose consider well what you
+are—a human being intended for an eternity of bliss. God has made you
+a woman; and, believe me, as there is no fairer, so there is no nobler
+creature than woman. She is formed to be her husband's helpmate and
+the mother of his children, and the all-important work of training
+these for heaven depends mainly upon her. Great, then, is her
+responsibility; but God has given her the requisite love and power to
+do her duty with satisfaction and delight. He has placed you in this
+beautiful world that by doing your duty as a daughter, sister, wife,
+mother, and friend, you may become fitted to enter His heavenly
+kingdom.
+
+During your courtship let me entreat you to be very careful and
+circumspect. There is no period of life that can compare with this
+delightful season. It is, or should be, full of sunshine and sparkling
+with the poetry of life; but alas! to many it is the opposite. A want
+of judgment—a momentary indiscretion—has not only blotted out this
+beautiful springtime of life, but has marred, darkened, and blighted
+the whole of the after lifetime.
+
+No maiden can, under any circumstances, place her character in the
+hands of any man before marriage. No matter how sincere the love, how
+ardent the protestations, how earnest or plausible the pleadings, you
+must not, you cannot, surrender your honor. You must preserve your
+prudence and virtue; it is only by possession of these that you can
+keep
+
+
+                  THE LOVE AND RESPECT OF YOUR LOVER.
+
+Be firm, be circumspect; a rash word or a false step may extinguish
+forever all your bright hopes and prospective joys. Even should your
+lover redeem his promises and take you to be his wife, this
+indiscretion, or crime, will surely hang over you like a curse,
+creating discord, trouble, and sorrow, the greatest portion of which
+will fall to your share.
+
+You must know that young men, however amiable, worthy or honorable
+they may be, may, in a moment of intense excitement, commit a sin that
+in their calmer moments they would not be guilty of for worlds.
+
+But under all circumstances you will be looked upon to resist any
+advances, and maintain your purity and virtue. No matter how high the
+tide of passion may run in unguarded moments, and set in against
+heaven and against society, the terrible and painful ebb will surely
+follow and leave you stranded forever on the bleak and barren shore of
+your earthly existence.
+
+
+               THERE IS NO STATE OF LIFE MORE HONORABLE,
+
+useful, and happy than that of a wife and mother. There must and ever
+will be inequalities of station, but happiness is equally attainable
+in them all. To be happy, however, you must be good. Of course, I do
+not mean absolutely good, for “there is none good but One”; but I mean
+that you should be relatively good, and should aim at becoming better
+and more innocent as you advance in life. Now, you cannot respect
+yourself unless you know that you are worthy of respect; and if you do
+not respect yourself, you cannot expect that anybody else will; and in
+such case you will not be worthy of the love of any good man, and none
+such will be likely to pay court to you. If, however, you take the
+right means, in which I include prayer for divine guidance, you will
+have the respect and friendship of all your acquaintances, and then in
+God's own time, and, let me add, without your seeking it, the man whom
+you can make happy will present himself and propose to make you his
+wife, if it be God's will that you should become one.
+
+Here are two very important points for your consideration: First, that
+it should be your constant endeavor to
+
+
+                       MAKE YOUR HUSBAND HAPPY;
+
+and, second, that before you consent to marry him, you should
+ascertain that he has those qualifications that will secure your
+happiness. It most nearly concerns yourself that you do your duty to
+God and your neighbor at all times, so that it becomes your habit; and
+you will find it much easier, and safer, too, to do it every day
+rather than on only particular occasions; for this would require a
+special effort, and for the time, perhaps, put you into a state of
+excitement, which, in all probability, would be followed by a
+depression of spirits. What you should rather aim at is a uniformly
+cheerful state of mind, resulting from a conscious and confident
+dependence on Providence. If your husband knows from experience that
+such is your character, he cannot fail, provided he be worthy of you,
+to be content and happy.
+
+
+                    IT IS THE NATURE OF YOUNG WOMEN
+
+to be affectionate, and it is pleasant and usual for them to have
+several dear friends, enjoying more or less of their confidence. Among
+these may be included some of their male acquaintance. Now, while they
+may esteem each of these as they would a dear cousin, they should know
+and act upon the knowledge that it is only to _one_ they can give
+their unlimited confidence and individual affection as a wife. It is
+the height of cruelty and wickedness for either a man or a woman to
+trifle with another's affection. Such base conduct has cost many a
+young woman her health and peace, and even her life, and cannot,
+therefore, be too much depreciated and avoided.
+
+Let me, then, advise you to be
+
+
+                             VERY CAUTIOUS
+
+before you allow a young man to pay you such marked attentions as may
+lead to marriage. It is not, you know, to terminate in seven years,
+like an apprenticeship or a commercial partnership, but it is an
+engagement for the life of one of the parties. I want you, then, to
+profit by the experience of others, too many of whom enter into
+marriage from light and low considerations, and not to settle in life
+till you, and also your friends, see that there is a reasonable
+prospect of your securing happiness, as well as comfort and a
+respectable position.
+
+When a young woman has property or expects it, or is possessed of
+superior personal attractions, she should be especially prudent in her
+conduct towards the numerous admirers which such qualifications
+usually attract. No woman should allow herself to accept the
+attentions of any man who does not possess those sterling qualities
+which will command her respect, or whose love is directed to her
+fortune or beauty rather than herself. On such a one she can place no
+reliance, for should illness or misfortune overtake her she may find
+herself deprived of that love which she had valued as the great
+treasure of her life. Possessed of this, she feels that earthly riches
+are but of secondary importance, and that the want of them can never
+make her poor.
+
+Moreover, a worthier man than any of her interested suitors may have a
+sincere respect and affection for her, but be kept in the background
+by the overzealous attention of his rivals. Still, if she has
+sufficient self-command to patiently and calmly investigate their
+general private character, she may find reason to decline their suit,
+and may discover that the more modest and retiring youth is the one
+that is deserving of her love.
+
+While on this subject, let me caution you against the foolish
+affectation which some girls practice in order to attract the
+attention of young men. In their company be natural in your manners,
+open and friendly and ready to converse on general subjects; not
+appearing to expect that every one who pays you the ordinary
+courtesies of society is going to fall in love with you. This mode of
+behavior, which is more common with those who are vain of their beauty
+than with others, frequently leads to such young women being more
+neglected than their less pretending sisters; for prudent young men,
+who are impressed with the necessity of a right decision in the
+all-important step of marriage, instinctively shrink from those who
+seem unwilling to give them a fair opportunity of judging whether
+their hearts and minds are as attractive as their persons.
+
+You may innocently admire many a young man for the noble qualities God
+has bestowed upon him, without at all entertaining the idea either
+that he would make you happy as his wife, or you him as your husband.
+Thank God we are constituted of such different temperaments that all
+may find suitable partners without clashing with each other's tastes,
+if they will only be content to watch and wait.
+
+It is the part of a young man to _watch_, to be actively desirous of
+meeting with a suitable partner. In doing this, his first
+consideration should be to seek for such a one as he can make happy;
+not to look primarily for beauty, fortune, wit, or accomplishments—things
+all very good in themselves, but by no means constituting the
+essentials of happiness. If he is influenced by pure and simple
+motives, he will not find, or expect to find, more than one that can
+satisfy his desire, and he will not be in much danger of exciting the
+envy or the rivalry of his companions.
+
+On the other hand, it is becoming in a young woman to
+
+
+                            WAIT PATIENTLY
+
+till, from the assiduous and respectful attentions of a young man, she
+can have no doubt that he is in earnest, when, and not before, she may
+freely give him her company, and with every expectation of a happy
+result. Be assured that no sensible young man is ever attracted by a
+young woman whom he sees on the lookout for a lover; he is more likely
+to think meanly of her, and to avoid her society.
+
+It may, however, happen that a young man makes the offer before the
+young woman knows enough of him for it to be right for her to accept
+it, and before he, on his part, ought to take the step. In such case
+it would be well for her, even supposing she is inclined to like him,
+to tell him that he has taken her by surprise, and that she cannot
+think of entering on so important a subject without consulting her
+friends, to whom she accordingly refers him. It would then become her
+duty to intimate to him that, although his attentions are agreeable to
+them, he must wait a while, till, from further acquaintance, they are
+enabled to judge whether it will conduce to the mutual happiness of
+their daughter and himself for her to accept the offer he has so
+kindly made.
+
+But it is not only young men who
+
+
+                          ARE APT TO BE HASTY
+
+in these matters. It is, as is well known, not uncommon for parents,
+especially mothers, very soon after a young man has begun to pay
+attention to their daughter, to give him to understand that they wish
+to know his intentions in reference to her. By such proceedings a
+young man may be taken aback, and either hurry into a match, which
+turns out unhappily, or be led to withdraw from a union which might
+have resulted in the happiness of all the parties concerned.
+
+That your parents should wish you to be married is only natural,
+especially if their own marriage has been a happy one. It will be
+gratifying to them to see a worthy young man paying attention to you,
+and most probably they will let things take their own course. Marriage
+is too important a matter to admit of being hastened.
+
+There are, I am aware, unwise parents, who, from various motives, will
+throw obstacles in the way of young people who are desirous of coming
+together. Some are so selfish as to be unwilling to part with their
+daughter, preferring their own happiness to hers. Others are so silly
+as to think no ordinary man good enough for her, and therefore, if
+they had their own way, would have her to become an old maid.
+Fortunately, such shortsighted people are not infrequently outwitted.
+
+If your parents are, as I hope they are, reasonable in their views and
+expectations, one of the chief concerns of their life will be the
+promotion of your happiness, and it behooves you to pay the utmost
+deference to their opinion; and should they, from circumstances they
+become aware of, deem it advisable that you should either postpone or
+even break off an engagement, they will doubtless give you such
+weighty reasons as will justify you in acting on their advice. Where,
+however, as sometimes happens, they unwisely refuse their consent to
+their child's marriage at a time when she well knows from her own
+feelings, and also from the sanction she receives from the opinion of
+trustworthy and judicious friends, that she would be making a real
+sacrifice were she to comply with their wishes; if, I say, under such
+circumstances she acts disobediently and marries the man she loves,
+more blame attaches to the parents than to herself, and the sooner
+they forgive her the better.
+
+It is very common for young men, when going into the company of young
+woman, together with their best dress to put on their best behavior;
+in fact, to assume a character which is not their natural one, but far
+superior to it.
+
+Some hold the opinion that
+
+
+                    “ALL IS FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR.”
+
+To me it appears there cannot be greater folly and wickedness than for
+young people who are thinking of marrying to attempt to deceive each
+other. What is the good of it? A very short period of married life
+will entirely dispel the illusion. I suppose people of the world may
+think it fair to overreach one another in their dealings, saying
+“everyone for himself.” They have no intention of seeking to promote
+the other's happiness; present gain is all they want. But a married
+pair, to be happy, must
+
+
+                 RESPECT AND ESTEEM, AS WELL AS LOVE,
+
+each other; and this cannot be attained except by the constant
+endeavor to _be_ as well as to _appear_ true and good.
+
+That young men should behave well in the presence of women is only
+natural and right; none but a fool would do otherwise. But you, long
+before thinking of marrying, should take all fair means to learn what
+is the general conduct and habits of your male acquaintance in their
+family circle and with their daily connections. “Are they good-humored
+and kind—able to bear the troubles they meet with? Are they
+industrious, frugal, temperate, religious, chaste? Have they had the
+prudence to insure against sickness and death?” Or, on the other hand,
+are they addicted to drinking, smoking, betting, keeping late hours,
+frequenting casinos, etc.? Your mother and other prudent friends will
+assist you to find this out. Those who do not come up to the proper
+standard, however agreeable they may be as acquaintance, certainly
+cannot make good husbands. In company of such, it behooves you to be
+well on your guard, and accept no attention from them. Should you
+marry such a one, you would be sure to be miserable.
+
+While, however, it is quite right that you should be careful about the
+character of the young man who is paying court to you, it is of far
+more importance to you that you should be careful about your own, and
+this whether you marry or not. Indeed, a chief object in our being
+placed in this world is that we may acquire good habits, and so be
+fitted to associate with the just made perfect in heaven!
+
+Be very guarded in your actions and demeanor. Cultivate purity of
+heart and thought.
+
+No woman is fit to become a wife who is not perfectly modest in word,
+deed, and thought. No young man, who is worth having, would ever
+entertain the thought for a moment of taking the girl for a wife who
+is habitually careless in her conversation and displays a levity in
+her manners. Young men may like your free and hearty girls to laugh
+and talk with, but as to taking one for a wife, let me assure you they
+would not tolerate the idea for a moment.
+
+You may at times be unavoidably compelled to hear a vulgar word spoken
+or an indelicate allusion made; in every instance maintain a rigid
+insensibility. It is not enough that you should cast down your eyes or
+turn your head, you must act as if you did not hear it; appear as if
+you did not comprehend it. You ought to receive no more impression
+from remarks of this character than a block of wood. Unless you
+maintain this standing, and preserve this high-toned purity of manner,
+you will be greatly depreciated in the opinion of all men whose
+opinion is worth having, and you deprive yourself of much influence
+and respect which it is your privilege to possess and exert.
+
+
+             COURTSHIP, AFTER ALL, IS A MOMENTOUS MATTER.
+
+After taking all the counsel that may be offered, you must at last, in
+a great measure, rely on your own judgment. Within a few short months
+you have to decide, from what you can see of a man, whether you will
+have him in preference to your parents, friends, and all others that
+you know, to be a life companion. What can you do? How shall you
+judge? How arrive at a correct conclusion? My dear young girl, there
+is only One who can assist you. He, in His mercy to your helplessness
+and weakness, has given to every virtuous and pure-minded woman a
+wonderful, mysterious, and subtle instinct; a peculiar faculty that
+cannot be analyzed by reason, a faculty that men do not possess, and
+one in which they do not generally believe. At this all-important
+period, this eventful crisis in your life, this womanly instinct
+guides and saves you. You can feel in a moment the presence or
+influence of a base, sensual, and unworthy nature. An electric-like
+thrill animates you, and you are naturally repulsed from him. When
+your suitor is a man of incongruous temper, ungenial habits, and of a
+morose and unsympathetic disposition, this same precious, divine
+instinct acts, and the man feels, though he cannot tell why, that all
+his arts and aspirations are in vain. It will seldom be necessary for
+you to tell him verbally of his failure; but should such a one blindly
+insist upon intruding his attentions, do not hesitate to tell him
+kindly but firmly your decision. Should your suitor be one who is
+worthy, who will make you happy, this same blessed instinct will
+whisper in your soul the happy news. From the first interview there is
+frequently thrown around the maiden a peculiar, undefined spell; she
+will feel differently in his presence, and watch him with other eyes
+than she has for the rest of men, and in due time, when he shall ask
+her to decide upon the question which shall seal the temporal and
+eternal destiny of two human souls, she will gladly respond, giving in
+loving trustfulness that which is the most precious, the most enviable
+thing on earth: a maiden's heart, a woman's love.
+
+Many persons, of both sexes, however amiable and pure their minds may
+be, should conscientiously abstain from marriage. This applies to all
+who have a tendency to consumption, scrofula, insanity, or any other
+of those diseases which are so frequently transmitted to offspring.
+This very important matter is not sufficiently known, and therefore is
+not attended to as it ought to be; hence the great amount of sickness
+and early death among children.
+
+The tendency to inherit qualities is very evident in the case of
+drunkards, whose children are often inclined to practice the vice of
+their parents. The children of the blind, and of the deaf and dumb,
+are also liable to be afflicted as their parents were. These facts go
+far to show that it is literally true that the sins of the fathers are
+visited upon the children. It is, however, gratifying to know—and
+there are many well-attested cases to prove it—that whereas the
+children born to a man while he was addicted to drunkenness were
+similarly addicted to that vice, those born after he gave up his
+vicious indulgence, and by that means improved his bodily health, were
+free from the evil tendency.
+
+One strong reason
+
+
+               WHY NEAR RELATIONS SHOULD NOT INTERMARRY
+
+is that, as the same general tendencies prevail in families, when the
+parents are nearly related they are very likely to have the same evil
+tendency, whatever that may be; and, therefore, there is a great
+probability that their children will also have the same, but more
+strongly developed, and, consequently, the difficulty of their
+overcoming it will be much increased.
+
+How plainly, then, is it the duty of those about to marry, as well as
+of those who are married, to strive to their utmost, with God's help,
+to overcome disorderly habits of every kind; for, be assured, it is
+only by such means they can hope to be blessed with good and healthy
+children, and thereby contribute to their own happiness, and at the
+same time to the improvement of the race as subjects both of this
+world and of heaven.
+
+As it is by no means certain that you will marry, and the time may
+come when it will no longer be convenient to your parents to support
+you, it will be good for you, keeping these contingencies in mind, to
+qualify yourself to earn your own maintenance by some honest industry.
+You will then have a right feeling of independence, and not be tempted
+to marry, as too many young women do, not from the true principle of
+sincere affection, but mainly for a living. They may thus obtain a
+competence, and jog on comfortably, but they have no right to expect
+that genuine happiness which I recommend you to aim at. When, too, you
+see so many left widows, with small families, and, as we say, totally
+unprovided for, you will become sensible of the soundness of the
+advice I am offering you. As the Lord's tender mercies are over all
+His works, it is evident, from what is occurring around us, that
+trouble and adversity are better suited to the state of some people,
+to prepare them for their eternal destination, than any amount of
+prosperity would be. The poor are no less His children than the rich,
+and he cares equally—that is, infinitely—for them all. It is
+certainly wise, then, to be prepared to meet adversity, should He
+suffer it to come upon you.
+
+Again, suppose you should not have any suitable offer of marriage,
+such as you would feel it your duty to accept, you are not on that
+account to be disheartened, and fancy yourself overlooked by
+Providence.
+
+Single life is evidently the best for some persons; they escape many
+troubles which perhaps they would find it very hard to bear. There are
+many ways in which single people can lead a useful life, and be
+
+
+                     AS HAPPY AS THE DAY IS LONG.
+
+No one that is actively useful can be unhappy. What do you see around
+you? Many, I admit, who are not so happy as we should like them to be;
+but in most cases, if we could fully investigate the matter, it would
+perhaps be found to have arisen from their thinking too much about
+themselves and not enough for others. But, on the other hand, it not
+infrequently happens, when a woman is left, and sees that the support
+and welfare of herself and children depend on her own exertions, she
+is enabled to so successfully put forth her energies and to employ her
+talents which, till she needed them, she hardly knew she possessed, as
+to surprise both herself and the most sanguine of her friends.
+
+Now, it must be confessed that we are fallen creatures, and therefore
+prone to evil. We are consequently always in danger of going wrong
+and forming bad habits, but our Heavenly Father watches over us at all
+times and gives us power to “refuse the evil and choose the good.” We
+are, I know full well, too much inclined to yield to evil influences;
+still, as we always have divine aid if we implore it, I am not sure
+that, on the whole, it is not as easy to acquire good habits as bad
+ones. This much is certain, that whichever we acquire, they are likely
+to remain with us and are not easily to be got rid of.
+
+Among the subjects deserving attention as affecting our happiness is
+one on which, perhaps, I am not entitled to say much. I refer to
+dress. Now, I hold it to be a duty for people to dress well—that is,
+according to their position, means, and age; and this not so much for
+their own sakes as for the sake of giving pleasure to others. It is, I
+admit, difficult to determine how much of one's income should be
+devoted to dress, but I think few will deny that at present dress
+occupies too much time, attention, and money. For my own part, I
+confess I am most affected by female dress, and although certainly I
+like to see women well dressed, and would rather see them a little too
+fine than slovenly, I am often pained at witnessing the extravagance
+and, to me, ridiculous taste exhibited. Whenever I see a handsome and
+expensive dress trailing in the dirt, I regard it as culpable waste
+and in bad taste, and when I see it accidentally trodden on I am not
+sorry. I am inclined to believe that many women can hardly find time
+or opportunity to perform any useful duty; they have quite as much as
+they, poor things, can do to take care of their dress. I also believe
+(and this is the serious point of the matter) that many a young man is
+deterred from soliciting a maiden in marriage by knowing that his
+means would not enable him to let her dress as he is accustomed to see
+her, and this is doubtless one of the many reasons why so many of both
+sexes remain unmarried. I hold, too, that whatever forms an obstacle
+to marriage has a tendency at the same time to obstruct the entrance
+to heaven.
+
+I will now allude to some of the duties which will devolve upon you as
+a wife; and recollect that it is on the faithful discharge of these
+duties that your happiness, here and hereafter, mainly depends. All
+labor is honorable, and you know who it is that says, “My Father
+worketh hitherto, and I work.” Being married, you must make your
+husband feel
+
+
+                    “THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE HOME.”
+
+His business will probably take him from home most of the day, and it
+should be your care, as I doubt not it will be your delight, to see to
+his comfort, both before he starts and when he returns. It may
+sometimes happen in his fighting the battle of life that he has to
+encounter much that is unpleasant, and he may return home depressed.
+You will then have to cheer him, and be assured no one can do it so
+effectually, so pleasantly—aye, and so easily—as yourself.
+
+It is not to sweep the house, and make the bed, and darn the socks,
+and cook the meals, chiefly, that a man wants a wife. If this is all
+that he needs, hired help can do it cheaper than a wife. If this is
+all, when a young man calls to see a young lady, send him to the
+pantry to taste the bread and cake she has made. Send him to inspect
+the needlework and bedmaking; or put a broom into her hands and send
+him to witness its use. _Such things are important_, and the wise
+young man will quietly look after them. But what a true man most wants
+of a true wife is her companionship, sympathy, courage, and love. The
+way of life has many dreary places in it, and a man needs a companion
+to go with him. A man is sometimes overtaken with misfortune; he meets
+with failure and defeat; trials and temptations beset him; and he
+needs one to stand by and sympathize. He has some stern battles to
+fight with poverty, with enemies, and with sin; and he needs a woman
+that, while he puts his arm around her and feels that he has something
+to fight for, will help him fight; that will put her lips to his ear
+and whisper words of counsel, and her hands to his heart and impart
+new inspirations. All through life—through storm and through
+sunshine, conflict and victory, and through adverse and favoring
+winds—man needs a woman's love. The heart yearns for it. A sister's
+or a mother's love will hardly supply the need. Yet many seek for
+nothing further than success in housework. Justly enough, half of
+these get nothing more; the other half, surprised beyond measure, have
+got more than they sought. Their wives surprise them by bringing a
+nobler idea of marriage, and disclosing a treasury of courage,
+sympathy, and love.
+
+And I would here caution you against giving way to little
+misunderstandings in early married life. Sometimes trifling matters,
+for want of some forbearance or concession on one side on the other,
+perhaps on both sides, accumulate into serious results. These
+differences might be avoided by married partners studying each other's
+peculiarities of character, with the aim of mutually correcting, in a
+kindly spirit, any wrong tendency or temper which may sometimes show
+itself. Should you find you have inadvertently given pain to your
+husband, do not rest until you have ascertained the cause of his
+disquiet and succeeded in allaying the unhappy feeling. The earnest
+desire to please each other should by no means terminate on the
+wedding day, but be studiously continued through married life. Each
+should always endeavor to think the best of the other, and instantly
+reject every thought that might tend to weaken the bond of mutual
+preference and perfect trust.
+
+If he be wise, he will leave the housekeeping entirely to you; his
+time and attention can be better employed elsewhere. To enable you to
+do this wisely, you should, long before you marry, become familiar
+with the quality and prices of articles of consumption, and where they
+can best be obtained. Every wife should be able to cook well, whether
+she has to do it herself or not. Health and good humor greatly depend
+upon the food being of good quality, well cooked, and nicely served
+up. She should also be able, if needful, to make and mend her own and
+children's clothes.
+
+Too much importance cannot be attached to cleanliness. Men may be
+careless as to their own personal appearance, and may, from the nature
+of their business, be negligent in their dress, but they dislike to
+see any disregard in the dress and appearance of their wives. Nothing
+so depresses a man and makes him dislike and neglect his home as to
+have a wife who is slovenly in her dress and unclean in her habits.
+Beauty of face and form will not compensate for these defects. The
+charm of purity and cleanliness never ends but with life itself. These
+are matters that do not involve any great labor or expense. The use of
+the bath, and the simplest fabrics, shaped by your own supple fingers,
+will be all that is necessary. These attractions will act like a
+magnet upon your husband. Never fear that there will be any influence
+strong enough to take him from your side.
+
+An experience of many years of observation has convinced me that where
+a pure, industrious, and cheerful wife meets her husband with a bright
+smile on the threshold of her dwelling, that man will never leave the
+home for any other place.
+
+As all people are liable to illness, every young woman should aim at
+being an efficient nurse. In case of illness, it is now generally
+admitted that good nursing is of more value than medicine. To a sick
+husband, a little gruel or other trifle prepared and given by his
+wife's own hands will confer much more benefit than if prepared and
+given by another. Should it happen to you to fall ill, you may expect
+your husband to do his best; but you must not be surprised if he is
+not your equal in that department. Nursing is one of the many useful
+things which women can do better than men. A practical knowledge of
+nursing will enable you to be useful beyond your own family, and will
+enhance your value as a neighbor.
+
+You have often, I trust, experienced the pleasure of serving others
+from disinterested motives, and found that the pleasure has been
+deeper and purer when you have engaged in doing good to those who
+could not make you any return. This you have found to be the case
+wherever you have had charge of a baby—one of those little ones of
+whom the Lord says: “Their angels do always behold the face of my
+Father which is in heaven.” You have perhaps been surprised to find
+how easy it was to perform such a duty, and let me assure you that you
+may always expect to find it easy to perform your duty in that state
+of life to which it shall please God to call you. He never requires
+anything from any of His creatures beyond what He gives them power to
+do. He is no hard task-master. You have only to look to Him and do
+your best, and then you may safely leave the result in His hands.
+
+Of all God's creatures, I know no happier one than a young mother with
+a good husband and a healthy baby. I say a _healthy_ baby, for that
+implies healthy parents, especially a healthy mother. She may justly
+feel proud that God has intrusted a young immortal to her care, and
+she should at all times bear in mind that it is His gift. While it is
+on all hands considered honorable to hold a commission from the
+President, and to fill a high office, contributing to the welfare of
+many people, a mother may feel her office at least as honorable,
+seeing she has intrusted to her the rearing and training of an
+immortal being, and that she holds her commission direct from the King
+of Kings. For, recollect, it is only by God's blessing that she
+becomes a mother; for such is the present state of society that many
+very worthy married people have not the privilege of offspring,
+although they are intensely fond of children and seem to have no other
+earthly want. They may, nevertheless, be very useful, and therefore
+happy, in a different sphere, by the adoption of nephews and nieces or
+in some similar way.
+
+
+                    AT THE BIRTH OF HER FIRST CHILD
+
+there is opened in the mother's heart a new well of love, such as she
+had not known before; and although she may fancy that this is all
+spent upon her babe, it is not so, for she loves her God, her husband,
+and everybody else better than ever. The father, too, is similarly
+affected; he also has a warmer love for his wife and for all his
+connections.
+
+A similar idea is well expressed by Möhler, a German writer, who says:
+“The power of selfishness, which is inwoven with our whole being, is
+altogether broken by marriage, and by degrees love, becoming more and
+more pure, takes its place.” When a man marries he gives himself up
+entirely to _another_ being; in this affair of life he first goes out
+of himself, and inflicts the first deadly wound on his egotism. By
+every child with which his marriage is blessed, nature renews the same
+attack on his selfhood, causes him to live less for himself, and
+more—even without being distinctly conscious of it—for others; his
+heart expands in proportion as the claimants upon it increase, and,
+bursting the bonds of its former narrow exclusiveness, it eventually
+extends its sympathies to all around.
+
+Whenever a mother is supplying her baby with the food which God has so
+wisely provided for it, or is ministering to any other of its numerous
+and increasing wants, she may feel that everything she does for it is
+pleasing to her Heavenly Father and has its immediate reward in the
+delight she experiences in the act.
+
+I can fancy that when a mother has washed her baby, and before she
+dresses it has a good romp with it, smothering it with kisses, calling
+it all the beauties and darlings and pets and jewels she can think of,
+and talking any amount of nonsense at the top of her voice—the baby
+all the while cooing, chirping, or even screaming with delight—at
+such a time, I say, I can easily fancy that the angels are looking on
+approvingly and enjoying the scene. And why not? “Of such is the
+kingdom of heaven.”
+
+From the time that an infant first becomes conscious of its wants, and
+long afterwards, it looks to its mother to supply them all, fully
+believing her able to do so. She is, in fact, in place of God to it,
+and it would be well for many of us if we trusted our Heavenly Father
+as simply and as fully as the infant does its earthly mother.
+
+Those who know no better, when they see a mother patiently watching
+her sleeping babe, might wonder that she does not feel the want of
+company. She has, however, company that they know not of, and of which
+even she herself may not be conscious. If only our eyes were open, we
+might see that she is not the only one that is so engaged—that
+angels are also occupied in watching the babe and in supporting her.
+I entirely agree with Dr. Watts, where, in his “Cradle Hymn,” he makes
+the mother say:
+
+    “Hush! my babe, lie still and slumber,
+    Holy angels guard thy bed.”
+
+You probably know the beautiful Irish superstition that when a baby
+smiles in its sleep the angels are whispering to it.
+
+“Before I became a father, I took little or no interest in babies; I
+rather thought them troublesome things. But the arrival of one of my
+own wrought a great change in me. It enlarged at once my views and my
+heart, and I had higher and stronger motives to exertion. My interest
+in them has not yet begun to weaken, and I have no reason to think it
+ever will.”
+
+Girls are differently constituted from boys. God makes the intellect
+predominate in males, and affection in females. Accordingly, a little
+girl early shows a love for a doll, regarding it quite as her baby and
+never taking into account that it is not alive. She has many of a
+mother's cares and anxieties, as well as pleasures, about it; indeed,
+as many as she is then capable of. It is a constant source of
+amusement and employment to her. In all this we may plainly see the
+hand of Providence. It forms a suitable introduction to some of the
+interesting and important duties which will devolve on her if it
+should be His good pleasure for her to become a mother.
+
+You will, I dare say, readily see the object I now have in view. It is
+that I wish to impress on you how desirable it is that you should take
+every opportunity of becoming acquainted with the habits and wants of
+babies, and the best way of managing them. The more you have to do
+with them the more you will like the labors, and the easier and more
+delightful it will become. It is fair that, before you have children
+of your own, you should get your knowledge as to the management of
+them by experience with other people's. I take it for granted you will
+at all times do your best for them. You will then have but little
+cause to fear accident; and if accident should happen, as with all
+your care it sometimes will, you will have more confidence in your
+powers, and will be more likely to do what is best at the moment, than
+if you were unused to children. Much of the disease and early death
+that happens among children arises from the ignorance of the mothers,
+who, however, are much more to be pitied than blamed in the matter.
+They had never been taught their duties toward their future
+offspring.
+
+Few mothers are, perhaps, sufficiently aware of the great influence
+which their manners, habits, and conversation have upon the tender
+minds of their children, even from birth. The child should grow up
+with a feeling of reverence for its parents, which can only be the
+case when wisdom, as well as affection, is exercised in its bringing
+up. Hence the necessity of the mother fitting herself, both
+_intellectually_ and _morally_, for her sacred office, that the child
+may become accustomed to yield perfect obedience to her wishes, from a
+principle of love, and may acquire, as it advances in life, the habit
+of yielding a like obedience to that which is right.
+
+As you well know that you are not perfect yourself, you must be
+prepared to find that your husband has also his imperfections, and it
+is no unimportant part of your duty to help him to get rid of them.
+Indeed, it is one of the highest uses of marriage for each partner to
+assist the other on the journey to the heavenly Canaan. But before you
+attempt to point out a fault in him, consider how you had best proceed
+so as to attain your object; for unless you adopt a judicious mode,
+and an affectionate as well as earnest manner, you may do as much harm
+as good. You must also carefully watch your opportunity; for what
+would be favorably received at one time and under certain
+circumstances, might under other circumstances give offence and
+altogether fail of the good effect intended and hoped for. You do not
+know how powerful you may be for good to your husband. There is much
+truth in the saying, “A man is what a woman makes him.”
+
+Previous to your marriage it will be expedient for you not to give
+your lover that full and unlimited confidence which it will be your
+duty—and your inclination, too—to give him when he becomes your
+husband. I refer chiefly to family and other private matters, not to
+anything he ought to know to enable him to judge of your character and
+position. Many unhappy marriages have been brought about through the
+young woman letting it be known that she has “great expectations.” A
+worthless fellow may, in consequence, have succeeded in winning her
+hand.
+
+There is another point to which I must just allude before concluding
+this address. It is doubtless the order of Providence for marriage to
+take place, when possible, on our arriving at years of maturity. But I
+would guard you against the evil results of _too early_ marriage,
+before either body or mind is perfectly matured. We scarcely need
+consult either medical or moral science to satisfy ourselves on this
+by no means trifling point. We may find in society too many sad
+instances of such immature and indiscreet unions. The minds of young
+persons should be expanded by a certain amount of experience in the
+world before entering upon engagements involving so many momentous
+duties.
+
+In your daily walks abroad, if you examine the countenances of those
+you meet, you will doubtless be led to conclude that there is a great
+deal of disease and misery in the world; but judging from my own
+observation, I think you will find that the greater number of persons
+exhibit signs of health and happiness. Much of the disease, and misery
+with which the world is afflicted is the direct result of the
+misconduct of the individuals themselves; but no little of it is
+attributable to their parents, who have neglected or violated God's
+laws of health, their misconduct thus affecting their descendants to
+the “third and fourth generation.” I cannot, therefore, too much
+impress upon you the importance of your honestly trying to find out
+any bad habits to which you are inclined, with a view to getting rid
+of them, one by one, and supplying their place by good habits. By
+pursuing this course you will not only do much for your own happiness,
+but also for that of your children, if God should bless you with a
+family. Children, you know, are often striking likenesses of their
+parents, and in their minds and habits they likewise often resemble
+them. You should strive, then, to be good—not from mere self-love and
+that you may get to heaven, but because your duty to others requires
+it.
+
+Earl Granville, when laying the foundation-stone of the Alexandria
+Orphanage, in England, thus expressed himself in reference to the
+great value of children: “Few will deny that a child is 'an
+inestimable loan,' as it has been called, or refuse to acknowledge,
+with one of our greatest poets, that the world would be a somewhat
+melancholy one if there were no children to gladden it.” Children,
+more than any other earthly thing, equalize the conditions of
+society—to rich and poor they bring an interest, a pleasure, and an
+elevation which nothing else that is earthly does.
+
+Now, young people, before they think of engaging themselves, should
+clearly know each other's peculiar views of religion; because if they
+differ seriously on this point there is danger of it interfering with
+that full confidence which is so essential to happiness.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+
+                          LOVE AND MARRIAGE.
+
+
+The attraction of the sexes for each other, though based upon the dual
+principle of generation which pervades the living world and which has
+its analogies in the attractive forces of matter, yet pervades the
+whole being.
+
+
+                          LOVE IS NOT MERELY
+
+the instinctive desire of physical union, which has for its object the
+continuation of the species—it belongs to the mind as well as to the
+body. It warms, invigorates, and elevates every sentiment, every
+feeling; and in its highest, purest, most diffusive form unites us to
+God and all creatures in Him.
+
+
+                              ALL LOVE IS
+
+essentially the same, but modified according to its objects and by the
+character of the one who loves. The love of children for their
+parents, of parents for offspring, brotherly and sisterly love, the
+love of friendship, of charity, and the fervor of religious love, are
+modifications of the same sentiment—the attraction that draws us to
+our kindred, our kind; that binds together all races and humanity
+itself, resting on the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man.
+It is but natural that this love should vary in degrees. Attractions
+are proportional to proximity. Family is nearer than country; we
+prefer our own nation to the rest of the race.
+
+Each individual has, also, his own special attractions and repulsions.
+There is love at first sight and friendship at first sight. We feel
+some persons pleasant to us; to be near them is a delight. Generally
+such feelings are mutual—like flows to like, or as often, perhaps,
+differences fit into each other. We seek sympathy with our own tastes
+and habits, or we find in others what we lack. Thus the weak rest upon
+the strong, the timid are fond of the courageous, the reckless seek
+guidance of the prudent, and so on. The sentiment of
+
+
+                       LOVE FOR THE OPPOSITE SEX
+
+—tender, romantic, passionate—begins very early in life. Fathers and
+daughters, mothers and sons, have a special fondness for each other,
+as, also, have brothers and sisters; but the boy soon comes to admire
+someone, generally older than himself, who is not a relation. Very
+little girls find a hero in some friend of an elder brother.
+
+
+                         FONDNESS FOR COUSINS
+
+generally comes more from opportunity than natural attraction, though
+a cousin may have very little appearance of family relation. The law
+appears to be that free choice seeks the diverse and distant. A
+stranger has always a better chance with the young ladies of any
+district than the young men with whom they have always been
+acquainted. Savages seek their wives out of their own tribe.
+
+It is my belief that naturally (I mean in a state of pure and
+unperverted nature, but developed cultivated, and refined by
+education) every man loves womanhood itself, and all women so far as
+they approximate to his ideal; and that in the same way every woman
+loves manhood, and is attracted and charmed by all its gentle, noble,
+and heroic manifestations. By such a man, every woman he meets is
+reverenced as a mother, sister, daughter, or, it may be, cherished in
+a more tender relation, which should be at first, and may always
+remain, free from any sensual desire. Such love may have many objects,
+each attracting the kind and degree of affection which it is able to
+inspire. Such love of men for women, and women for men, may be free
+and will be free just in the degree in which it is freed from the
+bondage of sensual passion.
+
+
+                    SUCH LOVE HAS A DIRECT TENDENCY
+
+to raise men above the control of their senses. The more of such love
+one has and the more it is diffused, the less the liability to sink
+into the lower and disorderly loves of the sensual life.
+
+The idea that every attraction, every attachment, every love between
+the sexes must lead to marriage—that no love can be tolerated but
+with that end in view—is a very false and mischievous one. It
+deprives men and women of the strength and happiness they might have
+in pure friendships and pure loves, and it leads to a multitude of
+false and bad marriages. Two persons are drawn together by strong
+attractions and tender sentiments for each other who have no more
+right to be married than if they were brother and sister, but who have
+the same right to love each other. But their true sentiments for each
+other, and consequent relation to each other, are not understood by
+those around them and perhaps not by themselves. They are urged by the
+misapprehension of others, by their expectation, by ignorant gossip,
+by the prejudice of society, based upon low and sensual estimates of
+life, to marry; they find that they must either marry or lose the
+happiness they have in each other's society, and they make the
+irrevocable mistake.
+
+When it is understood that there are
+
+
+                              OTHER LOVES
+
+than that of marriage; when the special attraction that justifies
+union for life, and the begetting of offspring, is discriminated from
+all the other attractions that may bring two souls into very near and
+tender relations to each other, there will be more happiness in the
+world and fewer incomplete, imperfect, and, therefore, more or less
+unhappy, marriages. Nothing can be more detestable than that playing
+with fire which goes by the name of
+
+
+                              FLIRTATION;
+
+but there are men and women who have the happiness of living and of
+being tenderly and devotedly loved by persons of the opposite
+sex—loved purely, nobly, happily—without injury and with great good.
+When such loves are accompanied by perfect trust in the goodness,
+purity, truth, and honor of the beloved, there can be no jealousy, no
+desire for selfish absorption, no fear of deprivation of any right.
+There is no reason why a husband or a wife should limit the range of
+pure and spiritual affection to near relatives.
+
+
+                         THE MAN WHO CAN LOVE
+
+a sister as sisters are often loved, may love in the same way, or as
+purely, any woman who might be his sister. As men and women learn to
+purify their lives, the world will grow more tolerant and love will
+become more universal. The tender and fervent exhortations to mutual
+love to be found in the Gospels and Epistles of the New Testament are
+now almost without a meaning. But they had a meaning to those to whom
+they were addressed, and when we are better Christians, and bring our
+lives to the purity of Christian morality, they will have a meaning to
+us and we shall learn that, in a sense we have not dreamed of, God is
+Love.
+
+
+         IN THE HUMAN RACE ALL CIRCUMSTANCES POINT TO MONOGAMY
+
+as the lawful or natural condition. Males and females are born in
+almost equal numbers. If there are two or three per cent. more of
+males than females, the risks of life with males soon make the number
+even. Therefore, as a rule, no man can have more than one wife without
+robbing his neighbor.
+
+_Polygamy_ is therefore a manifest injustice, and may become the most
+grievous of all monopolies.
+
+Children are the most helpless of all young creatures and require the
+care of parents for the longest period. The care of a husband for his
+wife, and of a father for his child, is an evident necessity. The
+proper care and education of a single child should extend over at
+least fifteen years, and that of a family may reach to thirty years,
+or throughout the greatest part of an ordinary life. During all
+periods of pregnancy, childbearing, nursing, and the education and
+care of a family, every woman has a right to the sympathy, sustaining
+love, and constant aid of her husband. No man has a right to desert or
+leave helpless, or even dependent upon others, except in extraordinary
+cases, the mother of his children.
+
+Marriage, like celibacy, should be a matter of vocation.
+
+
+                    THE SPECIAL OBJECT OF MARRIAGE
+
+is to have children; the co-operating motive is that two persons drawn
+to each other by a mutual affection may live helpfully and happily
+together. A selfish marriage, for its merely animal gratifications—a
+marriage in which strength, health, usefulness, often life itself, are
+sacrificed to sensuality and lust—is a desecration of a holy
+institution, and somewhat worse in its consequences than promiscuous
+profligacy, for the consequences of that may not fall upon one's
+children and posterity.
+
+There are many persons who have no right to marry. There should be a
+kind and amount of love that will justify and sanctify such a
+relation. There should be a pure motive and the fixed intention of
+making the relation what it ought to be to husband, wife, and
+children. There should be a reasonable assurance of the power to
+provide for a family. There should be that amount of health, that
+freedom from bodily and mental disease, that physical and moral
+constitution which will give a reasonable prospect of children whose
+lives will be a blessing to themselves and to society.
+
+When there is deformity of body, or an unhappy peculiarity of temper
+or mind liable to be inherited, people should not marry, or if they
+live together, should resign the uses of marriage. People should
+conscientiously refrain from propagating hereditary diseases. Persons
+near of kin are wisely forbidden to marry, for there is in such cases
+the liability of imperfect generation—the production of blind, deaf,
+idiotic or insane offspring.
+
+
+                     SHOULD MARRIAGE BE FOR LIFE?
+
+As a rule, undoubtedly. Every real, proper, true marriage must be. It
+takes a lifetime for a husband and wife to make a home and rear and
+educate and provide for a family of children. But what if people make
+mistakes and find that they are not suitably married? These are
+mistakes very difficult to remedy. If a man, after deliberately making
+his choice of a woman, ceases to love her, how can he honorably
+withdraw from his relation to her, and enter upon another,
+
+
+                       WHEN SHE STILL LOVES HIM,
+
+and is ready to fulfill her part of the contract? Laws cannot very
+well provide for mistakes. If the distaste for each other be mutual,
+and both parties desire to separate, a separation may of course be
+permitted; but it is a serious question whether two such persons can
+go into the world and find new partners, with justice to the rest. The
+law which permits of no divorce certainly bears hard upon individual
+cases; but if it leads to greater seriousness and care in forming such
+relations, it may be, on the whole, the best thing for society that it
+should be strictly observed.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER V.
+
+                 WHEN TO MARRY—HOW TO SELECT A PARTNER
+                         ON RIGHT PRINCIPLES.
+
+
+The proper age to marry is a somewhat vexed question, but needlessly
+so, because that age varies much, according to temperament and other
+circumstances relating to the individual. Although after puberty the
+sexual organs are capable of reproduction, yet it by no means follows
+that they should be used for that purpose. Their early activity is
+intended for the perfection of the body and mind, and not for the
+continuation of the species.
+
+
+                         VERY EARLY MARRIAGE,
+
+therefore, should be avoided, because the nervous force expended in
+amative indulgence is imperatively required in both sexes for
+developing the physical and mental faculties. The zoösperms produced
+by the male in the first years of puberty are inferior in power and
+less capable of producing healthy offspring than those of mature
+years. The early germs, also, of the female are less fitted for
+fecundation than those that appear later in life; nature evidently
+intending these early efforts to be used on the individuals themselves
+in building up their bodies, strengthening their minds, and preparing
+them to reproduce their species in maturer years. There is a serious
+day of reckoning for early indulgence; for precocious persons (unless
+their constitutions are as powerful as their desires) who give way to
+their passions at their first exactions, barter their youth for their
+enjoyment, and are old and weary of the world at an age when people of
+more moderate habits are only in the meridian of pleasure and
+existence.
+
+
+                   GENERALLY THE BEST AGE TO MARRY,
+
+where the health is perfect, is from twenty-one to twenty-five in the
+male and from eighteen to twenty-one in the female. As a general rule,
+marriages earlier than this are injurious and detrimental to health.
+Men who marry too young, unless they are of cold and phlegmatic
+constitution, and thus moderate in their conduct, become partially
+bald, dim of sight, and lose all elasticity of limb in a few years;
+while women in a like position rarely have any bloom on their cheek or
+fire in their eye by the time they are twenty-five. And all profound
+physiologists agree that from the same cause the mental faculties
+suffer in the same ratio.
+
+A medium, however, is to be observed. It is not well to defer till
+middle age the period of connubial intercourse; for too tedious
+spinsterhood is as much calculated to hasten the decay of beauty as
+too early a marriage. Hence, there is rarely any freshness to be seen
+in a maiden of thirty; while the matron of that age, if her life has
+been a happy one, and her hymeneal condition of not more than ten
+years' standing, is scarcely in the heyday of her charm's. And the
+same rule will apply with equal force to the other sex; for, after the
+first prime of life, bachelors decay and grow old much faster than
+married men.
+
+The rich are qualified for marriage before the poor. This is owing to
+the superiority of their aliment; for very nutritious food, and the
+constant use of wines, coffee, etc., greatly assists in developing the
+organs of reproduction; whereas the food generally made use of among
+the peasantry of most countries—as vegetables, corn, milk,
+etc.—retards their growth. Owing to this difference of diet, the
+daughter of a man of wealth, who keeps a good table, will be as
+adequate to certain duties of married life at eighteen as the daughter
+of a humble peasant at twenty-one. Singular as it may seem, it is none
+the less true, that love novels, amorous conversations, playing parlor
+games for kisses, voluptuous pictures, waltzing, and, in fact, all
+things having a tendency to create desire, assist in promoting puberty
+and preparing young persons for early marriage. Those who reach this
+estate, however, by artificial means and much before the natural
+period will have to suffer for it in after life.
+
+The female who marries before the completion of her womanhood—that
+is, before her puberty is established—will cease to grow and probably
+become pale and delicate, the more especially if she become pregnant
+soon after marriage. A person who is thus circumstanced will also be
+liable to abortions and painful deliveries.
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE, UNLESS
+
+under very peculiar circumstances, should not take place until two or
+three years after the age of puberty. Many instances could be cited of
+the injurious effects resulting from not observing this rule. The case
+of the son of Napoleon I. is a notable instance, who, at the age of
+fifteen or sixteen, began his career of sexual indulgence, which ended
+his life at the early age of twenty-one years. He was an amiable,
+inoffensive, and studious youth, beloved by his grandfather and the
+whole Austrian court; and though the son of the most energetic man
+that modern times has produced, yet, from his effeminate life, he
+scarcely attracted the least public attention.
+
+Let me, therefore, advise the male reader to keep his desires in
+leading-strings until he is at least twenty-one, and the female not to
+enter the pale of wedlock until she is past her eighteenth year; but
+after these periods marriage is their proper sphere of action, and one
+in which they must play a part or suffer actual pain as well as the
+loss of one of the greatest of earthly pleasures.
+
+
+                       MARRIAGES ARE MOST HAPPY
+
+and most productive of handsome and healthy offspring when the husband
+and wife differ, not only in mental conformation, but in bodily
+construction. A melancholy man should mate himself with a sprightly
+woman, and _vice versa_; for otherwise they will soon grow weary of
+the monotony of each other's company. By the same rule should the
+choleric and the patient be united, and the ambitious and the humble;
+for the opposites of their natures not only produce pleasurable
+excitement, but each keeps the other in a wholesome check. In the size
+and form of the parties the same principles hold good. Tall women are
+not the ideals of beauty to tall men; and if they marry such, they
+will soon begin to imagine greater perfections in other forms than in
+those of their own wives. And this is well ordered by nature to
+prevent the disagreeable results which are almost certain to grow out
+of unions where the parties have a strong resemblance.
+
+For instance, tall parents will probably have children taller than
+either, and mental imbecility is the usual attendant of extreme size.
+The union of persons prone to corpulency, of dwarfs, etc., would have
+parallel results; and so, likewise, of weakly and attenuated couples.
+The tall should marry the short, the corpulent the lean, the choleric
+the gentle, and so on, and the tendency to extremes in the parents
+will be corrected in the offspring.
+
+Apart from these considerations, there are reasons why persons of the
+same disposition should not be united and wedlock. An amiable wife to
+a choleric man is like oil to troubled waters; an ill-tempered one
+will make his life a misery and his home a hell. The man of studious
+habits should marry a woman of sense and spirit rather than of
+erudition, or the union will increase the monotony of his existence,
+which it would be well for his health and spirits to correct by a
+little conjugal excitement; and the man of gloomy temperament will
+find the greatest relief from the dark forebodings of his mind in the
+society of a gentle, but lively and smiling partner.
+
+However, in some particulars the dispositions and constructions of
+
+
+                    MARRIED PEOPLE MUST ASSIMILATE
+
+or they will have but few enjoyments in common. The man of full habits
+and warm nature had better remain single than unite his destinies with
+a woman whose heart repulses the soft advancements of love; and the
+sanguine female in whose soul love is the dominant principle should
+avoid marriage with a very phlegmatic person, or her caresses, instead
+of being returned in kind, will rather excite feelings of disgust.
+Thus the discriminations to be made in the choice of a partner are
+extremely nice.
+
+Nature generally assists art in the choice of partners. We
+instinctively seek in the object of our desires the qualities which we
+do not possess ourselves. This is a most admirable arrangement of
+Providence, as it establishes an equilibrium and prevents people from
+tending to extremes; for it is known that unions of dwarfs are
+fruitful of dwarfs, that giants proceed from the embrace of giants,
+and that offspring of parents alike irritable, alike passive, alike
+bashful, etc., inherit the prominent qualities of both to such a
+degree as to seriously interfere with their prospects in the world.
+
+It has another advantage. Through its means “Every eye forms its own
+beauty”; hence, what one person rejects is the _beau ideal_ of
+another's conceptions, and thus we are all provided for.
+
+In fine, with man as with animals, the best way to improve the breed
+is to cross it, for the intermarriage of like with like and relative
+with relative not only causes man to degenerate, but if the system
+became universal would in time bring the human race to a termination
+altogether.
+
+A male or female with a very low forehead should carefully avoid
+marriage with a person of like conformation, or their offspring will,
+in all probability, be weak-minded or victims to partial idiocy.
+
+The system of crossing is so perfect that marriages between persons of
+different countries are likely to be pleasant and fruitful. Speaking
+on this subject, an English writer says: “The Persians have been so
+improved by introducing foreigners that they have completely succeeded
+in washing out their Mongolian origin.” And the same author adds to
+the effect that in those parts of Persia where there is no foreign
+intercourse the inhabitants are sickly and stunted, while in those
+that are frequented by strangers they are large and healthy.
+
+To make what is called
+
+
+                         “A HANDSOME COUPLE,”
+
+the female should be about three inches less than the male, and the
+parties should be proportionately developed throughout their system.
+
+
+                        “A WELL-FORMED WOMAN,”
+
+says a modern physiologist, “should have her head, shoulders, and
+chest small and compact; arms and limbs relatively short; her
+haunches apart; her hips elevated; her abdomen large and her thighs
+voluminous. Hence, she should taper from the center, up and down.
+Whereas, in a well-formed man the shoulders are more prominent than
+the hips. Great hollowness of the back, the pressing of the thigh
+against each other in walking, and the elevation of one hip above the
+other, are indications of the malformation of the pelvis.”
+
+From the same writer I take the following, which is applicable here.
+It is very correct in its estimates of beauty in both sexes:—
+
+“The length of the neck should be proportionately less in the male
+than in the female, because the dependence of the mental system on the
+vital one is naturally connected with the shorter courses of the
+vessels of the neck.
+
+“The neck should form a gradual transition between the body and
+head—its fullness concealing all prominences of the throat.
+
+“The shoulders should slope from the lower part of the neck, because
+the reverse shows that the upper part of the chest owes its width to
+the bones and muscles of the shoulders.
+
+“The upper part of the chest should be relatively short and wide,
+independent of the size of the shoulders, for this shows the vital
+organs which it contains are sufficiently developed.
+
+“The waist should taper a little farther than the middle of the trunk,
+and be marked, especially in the back and loins, by the approximation
+of the hips.
+
+“The waist should be narrower than the upper part of the trunk and its
+muscles, because the reverse indicates the expansion of the stomach,
+liver, and great intestine, resulting from their excessive use.
+
+“The back of woman should be more hollow than that of man; for
+otherwise the pelvis is not of sufficient depth for parturition.
+
+“Women should have more extended loins than men, at the expense of the
+superior and inferior parts, for this conformation is essential to
+gestation.
+
+“The abdomen should be larger in woman than in man, for the same
+reason.
+
+“Over all these parts the cellular tissue, and the plumpness connected
+with it, should obliterate all distinct projection of muscles.
+
+“The surface of the whole female form should be characterized by its
+softness, elasticity, smoothness, delicacy, and polish, and by the
+gradual and easy transition between the parts.
+
+“The moderate plumpness already described should bestow on the organs
+of woman great suppleness. Plumpness is essential to beauty,
+especially in mothers, because in them the abdomen necessarily
+expands, and would afterwards collapse and become wrinkled.
+
+“An excess of plumpness, however, is to be guarded against. Young
+women who are very fat are cold and prone to barrenness.
+
+“In no case should plumpness be so predominant as to destroy the
+distinctness of parts.”
+
+A male and female formed on the above models would be well matched and
+have fine children.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+
+                    SEXUAL INTERCOURSE—ITS LAWS AND
+                     CONDITIONS—ITS USE AND ABUSE.
+
+
+There is an increasing and alarming prevalence of nervous ailments and
+complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+from this source. Hypochondria, in its various phases, results from
+the premature and unnatural waste of the seminal fluid. Then speedily
+ensues a lack of natural heat, a deficiency of vital power, and
+consequently indigestion, melancholy, languor, and dejection ensue;
+the victim becomes enervated and spiritless, loses the very attributes
+of man, and premature old age soon follows.
+
+
+                        IT IS A PREVALENT ERROR
+
+that it is necessary for the semen to be ejected at certain times from
+the body; that its retention is incompatible with sound health and
+vigor of body and mind. This is a very fallacious idea. The seminal
+fluid is too precious—nature bestows too much care in its elaboration
+for it to be wasted in this unproductive manner. It is intended, when
+not used for the purpose of procreation, to be reabsorbed again into
+the system, giving vigor of body, elasticity and strength to the mind,
+making the individual strong, active, and self-reliant. When kept as
+nature intended, it is a perpetual fountain of life and energy—a
+vital force which acts in every direction, a motive power which
+infuses manhood into every organ of the brain and every fiber of the
+body.
+
+
+                      THE LAW OF SEXUAL MORALITY
+
+for childhood is one of utter negation of sex. Every child should be
+kept pure and free from amative excitement and the least amative
+indulgence, which is unnatural and doubly hurtful. No language is
+strong enough to express the evils of amative excitement and unnatural
+indulgence before the age of puberty; and the dangers are so great
+that I see no way so safe as
+
+
+                         THOROUGH INSTRUCTION
+
+regarding them at the earliest age. A child may be taught, simply as a
+matter of science, as one learns botany, all that is needful to know,
+and such knowledge may protect it from the most terrible evils.
+
+The law for childhood is perfect purity, which cannot be too carefully
+guarded and protected by parents, teachers, and all caretakers. The
+law for youth is perfect continence—a pure vestalate alike in both
+sexes. No indulgence is required by one more than the other—for both
+nature has made the same provision. The natures of both are alike, and
+any—the least—exercise of the amative function is an injury to one
+as to the other.
+
+
+                              MEN EXPECT
+
+that women shall come to them in marriage chaste and pure from the
+least defilement. Women have a right to expect the same of their
+husbands. Here the sexes are upon a perfect equality.
+
+On this subject, Dr. Carpenter (physiological works) has written like
+a man of true science, and, therefore, of true morality. He lays it
+down as an axiom that _the development of the individual and the
+reproduction of the species stand in an inverse ratio to each other_.
+He says: “The augmented development of the generative organs at
+puberty can only be rightly regarded as _preparatory_ to the exercise
+of the organs. The development of the _individual_ must be completed
+before the procreative power can properly be exercised for the
+continuance of the race.” And in the following extract from his
+“Principles of Human Physiology,” he confirms my statement respecting
+the unscientific and libertine advice of too many physicians: “The
+author would say to those of his younger readers who urge the wants of
+nature as an excuse for the illicit gratification of the sexual
+passions, 'try the effects of _close mental application_ to some of
+those ennobling pursuits to which your profession introduces you, in
+combination with _vigorous bodily exercise_, before you assert that
+appetite is unrestrainable and act upon that assertion.' Nothing tends
+so much to increase the desire as the continual direction of the mind
+toward the objects of its gratification, whilst nothing so effectually
+represses it as a determined exercise of the mental faculties upon
+other objects and the expenditure of nervous energy in other channels.
+Some works which have issued from the medical press contain much that
+is calculated to excite, rather than to repress, the propensity; and
+the advice sometimes given by practitioners to their patients is
+immoral as well as unscientific.”
+
+
+                      EVERY MAN AND EVERY WOMAN,
+
+living simply, purely, and temperately—respecting the laws of health
+in regard to air, food, dress, exercise, and habits of life—not only
+can live in the continence of a pure virgin life when single, and in
+the chastity which should be observed by all married partners, but be
+stronger, happier, and in every way better by so living.
+
+Chastity is the conservation of life, and the consecration of its
+forces to the highest use. Sensuality is the waste of life, and the
+degradation of its forces to pleasure divorced from use. Chastity is
+life; sensuality is death.
+
+
+                  FROM THE AGE OF PUBERTY TO MARRIAGE
+
+the law, is the same for both sexes—full employment of mind and body,
+temperance, purity, and perfect chastity in thought, word, and deed.
+The law is one of perfect equality. There is no license for the male
+which is not equally the right of the female. There is no
+physiological ground for any indulgence in one case more than in the
+other. No man has any more right to require or expect purity in the
+woman who is to be his wife than the woman has to require and expect
+purity in her husband. It is a simple matter of justice and right. No
+man can enter upon an amative relation with a woman, except in
+marriage, without manifest injustice to his future wife, unless he
+allow her the same liberty; and also without a great wrong to the
+woman, and to her possible husband.
+
+It is contended that the sins of men against chastity are more venial
+than those of women, because of the liability of women to have
+children. But men are also liable to be the fathers of children, who
+are deeply wronged by the absence of paternal care. The child has its
+rights, and every child has the right to be born in honest,
+respectable wedlock, of parents able to give it a sound constitution
+and the nurture and education it requires. The child who lacks these
+conditions is grievously wronged by both father and mother.
+
+
+                          THE LAW OF MARRIAGE
+
+is, that a mature man and woman, with sound health, pure lives, and a
+reasonable prospect of comfortably educating a family, when drawn to
+each other by the attraction of mutual love, should chastely and
+temperately unite for offspring. The sexual relation has this chief
+and controlling purpose. The law of nature is intercourse for
+reproduction. Under the Christian law, marriage is the symbol of the
+union of Christ with the Church; husband and wife are one in the Lord;
+they are to live in marriage chastity, not in lust and uncleanness;
+and there cannot be a more hideous violation of Christian morals than
+for a husband to vent his sensuality upon a feeble wife; against her
+wishes and when she has no desire for offspring and no power to give
+them the healthy constitutions and maternal care which is their right.
+
+The law of Christian morality is very clear. It is the sexual union
+first and chiefly for its principal object. It is for the husband to
+refrain from it whenever it is not desired; whenever it would be
+hurtful to either; whenever it would be a waste of life; whenever it
+would injure mother or child, as during pregnancy and lactation.
+
+
+                     A MAN WHO TRULY LOVES A WOMAN
+
+must respect and reverence her, and cannot make her the victim of his
+inordinate and unbridled, selfish and sensual nature. He will be ever,
+from the first moment of joyful possession to the last of his life,
+tender, delicate, considerate, deferent, yielding to her slightest
+wishes in the domain of love, and never encroaching, never trespassing
+upon, never victimizing the wife of his bosom and the mother of his
+babes. We have romance before marriage, we want more chivalry in
+marriage.
+
+This is not the world's morality, yet it seems to one the world must
+respect it. This, high and pure Christian morality is not always
+enforced by Christian ministers, some of whom yield too much to human
+sensuality and depravity, instead of maintaining the higher law of
+Christian purity, which is but nature restored or freed from its
+stains of sin. The world requires that unmarried women should be
+chaste, while it gives almost unbridled license to men. A girl
+detected in amours is disgraced and often made an outcast. In young
+men such irregularities are freely tolerated. They are “a little
+wild”; they “sow their wild oats”; but open profligacy, the seduction
+of innocence, the ruin of poor girls, adultery, harlotry and its
+diseases do not hinder men from marrying, nor from requiring that
+those they marry should have spotless reputations. It is not for a
+moment permitted that women in these matters should behave like men,
+and a pure girl is given to the arms of a wasted debauchee, and her
+babes are perhaps born dead, or suffer through life with syphilitic
+diseases, while she endures a long martyrdom from disordered,
+diseased, and unrestrained sensuality. For the unmarried, young men,
+soldiers, sailors, and all who do not choose to bear the burdens of a
+family, society has its armies of prostitutes—women like others, and
+more than others, or in less reputable fashion, the victims of the
+unbridled lust of men. They are everywhere tolerated as
+
+
+                          “NECESSARY EVILS,”
+
+and, in some places, protected or regulated; and, from economical or
+philanthropic considerations, or both, combined efforts are made to
+free them from the contagious diseases which for some centuries have
+been a curse attending this form of the violation of the laws of
+nature—one of the consequences of lust which is the divorce of the
+sexual instinct from its natural use and purpose.
+
+The Christian
+
+
+                           LAW OF MARRIAGE,
+
+as set down in the Holy Scriptures, and defined by the best writers on
+moral theology, is in harmony with nature, in consonance with the
+higher nature of man. “God hath set the earth in families.” Adultery
+is a sin, because it disorders that divine arrangement. Fornication is
+a sin, because it prevents pure marriages. Prostitution is a sin,
+because it is a sacrifice of women, who might be wives and mothers, to
+the selfish lusts of men. All useless indulgence is a waste of life,
+and a kind of suicide. In a pure marriage union, men and women unite
+themselves with God in acts of creative power. The progress of
+humanity depends upon individual development and the conditions at
+generation and gestation. With culture and a harmonized development,
+we acquire a higher and more integral life. When two parents are in
+their highest condition and in
+
+
+                             A TRUE UNION
+
+with each other, the child combines the best qualities of both
+parents. When parents are not in the unity of a mutual love, the child
+may be inferior to either parent. The intensity of mutual love tends
+to the reproduction of the best faculties of both parents in the
+child. When men or women are exhausted or diseased the race
+deteriorates. Health is therefore one of the conditions of progress.
+
+“It is all very fine,” I shall be told, “to talk of purity and
+chastity; but we must take men as they are. How are you going to make
+men pure and chaste, and respectful of the purity of women? How can
+you get men with strong amative propensities to live like anchorites?”
+
+How can you get men to do anything right, or refrain from any wrong
+thing? There are three motives—fear of punishment, hope of reward,
+and sense of right or the principle of duty. The first of these is the
+lowest, but often the most effectual; the second is higher, and
+appeals to hope and the love of happiness; the third, the highest of
+all motives, pure and unselfish as the love of truth, as in
+mathematics, acts on noble minds with great power. Men of real
+conscientiousness love the right for its own sake. They are just from
+love of justice; pure from a sense and love of purity. They love good,
+and God as the source of all good; and do right, not from fear or
+hope, but from pure love.
+
+We must appeal to all motives. Men refrain from theft and other
+dishonest conduct from the dread of disgrace and punishment, because
+they see that “honesty is the best policy,” and from a sense of
+justice and regard to the rights of property, or a sense of honor
+which makes a mean action impossible. By similar motives great numbers
+are restrained from drunkenness and other vices. Children are to be
+restrained from impurity by the fear of the terrible consequences of
+unnatural indulgence in causing disease and pain, by the hope of a
+pure, healthy and happy life of love in manhood and womanhood, and by
+a sense of the beauty and holiness of chastity and the sacredness of
+the functions by which the race is recreated and preserved. The
+religious feelings that our bodies are to be kept pure, healthy, and
+holy in every way as the temples of the Holy Ghost cannot be too early
+instilled into the infant mind, which is open to the highest
+sentiments of veneration, devotion, and heroic religion. In youth
+there are the same motives. Indulgence in solitary vice is
+self-destructive of all that youth most values—a profanation of his
+own body.
+
+
+                               SEDUCTION
+
+is a desecration of what he should hold in the most tender reverence.
+To the young man, womanhood should be sacred, and every woman, mother,
+sister, beloved of the present or the future, should never be wronged
+by one thought of impurity. In this matter instinct goes with right.
+The inward voice supports the outer law of morality. Before men can
+become bad, their instinctive modesty must be broken down. Unless very
+badly born, with disordered amativeness, hereditary from a diseased
+and lustful parentage, they must be perverted and corrupted before
+they can act immodestly and impurely.
+
+
+                          WOMEN ARE PROTECTED
+
+by a strong public sentiment around them. They have the dread of
+disgrace. For them to yield to their own affectionate desires, or the
+solicitations of a lover, is a fall, is ruin. They have the hope of a
+loving husband, a happy home, and the respect of society. And in woman
+passion has commonly less force, and the sentiment of modesty and
+purity more power. Women are weak in yielding to solicitation, giving
+
+
+                         EVERYTHING FOR LOVE;
+
+but we see how protective of female virtue are these motives to vast
+numbers.
+
+Men can perfectly restrain the sensual part of their natures whenever
+they have a strong motive to do so. A child would be simply mad who
+was not controlled by the presence of father, mother, and persons he
+respected or feared. Young men have no difficulty when they are in the
+company of pure women. They are in no trouble when their lives are
+full of mental and muscular activity, and particularly if their habits
+of eating simply and temperately, of refraining from heating and
+exciting stimulants, and sleeping in cold beds and fresh air, are such
+as health requires. There needs but the strong will to live purely in
+any one, and at any age, the will that comes from the high motives of
+conscience and religion, or all motives combined. A strong sense of
+what is just and right controls even the motions of our bodies and
+actions which seem to be involuntary. A man who has a vivid sense of
+the right and duty of refraining from sensuality, and preserving his
+own purity of mind and body and the chastity of all women, will do so
+even in his dreams. When the will is right, all things are soon
+brought into its subjection. The mind controls the organization, and
+the life forces are directed into other channels. A strong man, full
+of
+
+
+                            LIFE AND LOVE,
+
+can safely hold a virgin in his arms, and respect her virginity, if he
+have but the motives and the will to do so. If he be pure in his
+will, how can he commit impurity? If a woman be sacred in his eyes,
+how can he profane her? It is not that men have not the power of
+restraint, the power to do right; it is that they lack the motive.
+They have lost the sense of right; they are even impelled to do wrong
+by the pressure of opinion around them. Boys and young men are driven
+into libertinage by the ridicule of their companions. Vice is
+considered manly. They seek sensuality in an evil emulation, as they
+learn to smoke, or gamble, or drink; and, later on, vanity has often
+more to do with excess than the force of lust. Young men seduce girls
+that they may boast of it. They keep mistresses because it is the
+fashion. They exhaust themselves because they wish to give a high idea
+of their manly powers. Even in marriage, women are injured and have
+their health destroyed by yielding weakly, or from
+
+
+                        A FALSE SENSE OF DUTY,
+
+to a husband whose own motive is the desire to acquit himself manfully
+in what he considers his marital duties. Men and women are, in
+thousands of cases, wretched victims to what they imagine to be the
+wants or expectations of each other. A man, ignorant of the nature of
+women and the laws of the generative function, goes on in a process of
+miserable exhaustion, to please his wife. She submits, sometimes in
+pain, often in disgust, weariness, and weakness, to what she dare not,
+from
+
+
+                             LOVE OR FEAR,
+
+refuse. Men have to know what is right and to will to be right. This
+will is omnipotent. God helps those who have the will, who have even
+the desire, to do right.
+
+If the presence of those we fear or reverence, respect or love,
+restrain us from sin and stimulate us to right action, faith in the
+existence and presence of God and angels, and the spirits of the
+departed, must have a more powerful and pervading influence. No one
+who really believes in the existence of a Supreme Being, no one who is
+strongly impressed with the reality of a spiritual life, can go on
+doing what he knows to be wrong. A religious faith is therefore the
+most powerful of all restraints from evil and incitement to good.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VII.
+
+                               MARRIAGE.
+
+
+                           WHAT IS MARRIAGE?
+
+Marriage is in law the conjugal union of man with woman, and is the
+only state in which cohabitation is considered proper and
+irreprehensible. The marriage relation exists in all Christian
+communities, and is considered the most solemn of contracts, and,
+excepting in Protestant countries, it is regarded as a sacrament. In
+some countries its celebration falls under the cognizance of
+ecclesiastical courts only, but in the United States it is regarded as
+merely a civil contract, magistrates having, equally with clergymen,
+the right to solemnize it, though it is usually the practice to have
+it performed by a clergyman and attended with religious ceremonies.
+Marriage, as a legalized custom, is of very ancient origin. It is
+doubtful whether even the primitive man was not governed in the
+intercourse of the sexes by some recognition of the union being
+confined to one chosen one. No greater promiscuity can certainly be
+supposed than occurs in the lower animals, where pairing is the law.
+The nobler animals, as the lion, elephant, etc., never have but one
+mate, and even in case of death do not remate. As men advanced, civil
+codes were inaugurated and certain protection given to the choice of
+the parties. The earliest civil code regulating marriage, of which we
+have any account, was that of Menes, who, Herodotus tells us, was the
+first of the Pharaohs, or native Egyptian kings, and who lived about
+3,500 years before Christ. The nature of his code is not known.
+
+The Biblical account extends further back, but it does not appear that
+any laws existed regulating marriage, but each one was allowed to
+choose his wife and concubines, and it is supposed that common consent
+respected the selection. Next, Moses gave laws for the government of
+marriage among the Israelites. The early Greeks followed the code of
+Cecrops, and the Romans were also governed in their marital relations
+by stringent laws. In fact, the necessity of some law regulating the
+intercourse between the sexes must have become very apparent to all
+nations or communities at a very early period. It certainly antedates
+any legal regulations with regard to the possession of property. It is
+very probable that every community did by common consent afford to
+each male one or more females, and the presumption is that such choice
+or assignment, as the case may have been, was respected by common
+agreement as inviolable. It is doubtful if ever promiscuity was the
+law or privilege with any community of men, even in their primitive
+state. The possession of reason is antagonistic to such a belief; and
+man was most probably elevated above the beast by the faculty of
+reason in this respect as in others. Promiscuous indulgence is always
+evidence of debauchery, and a departure from that natural course which
+is prompted by an innate sense of propriety characterizing mankind.
+The law is very indefinite with regard to what constitutes a legal
+marriage. It is an unsettled question, both in England and this
+country, whether a marriage solemnized by customary formalities alone
+is legal, or if one characterized by the mere consent of the parties
+is illegal. The latter has been held as legal in some instances in
+both countries. Kent, in his “Commentaries,” lays down the law that a
+contract made so that either party recognizes it from the moment of
+contract, and even not followed by cohabitation, amounts to a valid
+marriage, and also that a contract to be recognized at some future
+period, and followed by consummation, is equally valid. It is
+unfortunate that the law is so undecided in this respect. The
+decisions arrived at, for or against, were not dependent upon any
+recognized law, but seem to be influenced by the character of the
+cases, either for favor or discountenance. As long as the law
+recognizes cohabitation legal only in marriage, it seems to me that if
+consummated under consent of the parties to bear marital relations
+with each other, or promise of marriage, the act should be
+unhesitatingly pronounced as the equivalent of a valid marriage in all
+instances. If cohabitation is only a marital prerogative, the law
+should not stultify itself by recognizing it as possible to occur in
+any other relation. If either of the parties is married, the law
+defines it as adultery, and very properly defines the punishment. It
+is necessary to the progress of the age that some such principle
+should be recognized in common law so as not to subject the decision
+of the question to the individual opinion of any judge. It would at
+once obviate the confusion of sentiment now held in regard to it and
+besides arrest the decision in test cases from mere caprice of the
+tribunal. It is certainly as correct a principle as any in common law,
+and would, in its operations as a statute law, be free from injustice,
+and capable of doing much good.
+
+
+                         POLYGAMY—WHAT IT IS.
+
+Polygamy is a state in which a man has at the same time more than one
+wife. It has existed from time immemorial, especially among the
+nations of the East. The custom was tolerated by the laws of Moses,
+and, in fact, no positive injunction against it is found in the whole
+of the Old Testament. It is questionable whether more than one was
+recognized as the _bona fide_ wife, the others simply being wives by
+right of concubinage. But if polygamy was in its strictest sense the
+legal custom, it soon grew unpopular, for no trace of it is met in the
+records of the New Testament, where all the passages referring to
+marriage imply monogamy as alone lawful. The custom has been almost
+universal in the East, being sanctioned by all the religions existing
+there. The religion of Mohammed allows four wives, but the permission
+is rarely exercised except by the rich.
+
+In Christian countries polygamy was never tolerated, the tenets of the
+Church forbidding it, though Charlemagne had two wives, and Sigbert
+and Chilperich also had a plurality. John of Leyden, an Anabaptist
+leader, was the husband of seventeen wives, and he held that it was
+his moral right to marry as many as he chose.
+
+In England the punishment of polygamy was originally in the hands of
+the ecclesiastics. It was considered a capital crime by Edward I., but
+it did not come entirely under the control of the temporal power until
+a statute of James I. made it a felony, punishable by death. George
+III. made it punishable by imprisonment or transportation for seven
+years.
+
+It is the offspring of licentiousness, and its advocates merely wish
+to give legal color to licentious habits. Every student of history
+will find that as soon as a nation became morally depraved, polygamy
+was practiced, and that monogamy was the rule in all countries truly
+civilized.
+
+Polygamy has, of late years, been most shamefully revived and
+outrageously practiced in face of law by the Mormons. They claim it as
+a religious duty, and defend the system by claiming that unmarried
+women can in the future life reach only the position of angels who
+occupy in the Mormon theocratic system a very subordinate rank, being
+simply ministering servants to those more worthy, thus proclaiming
+that it is a virtual necessity of the male to practice the vilest
+immorality in order to advance the female to the highest place in
+heaven.
+
+Mormonism is a religion founded by Joseph Smith, who was born in
+Sharon, E. V., Dec. 23rd, 1805, and killed at Carthage, Ill., June
+27th, 1844.
+
+It is a most singular fact that a sect like the Mormons could have
+been established in a country peopled with such law-abiding people as
+of the United States, and maintain a system of marriage, antagonistic
+to the law and religion of the land. Neither could they have done so
+if they had not possessed two great virtues, temperance and industry.
+It is to be hoped that the legal process now instituted for its
+abolition will effectually remove the blot from the national
+escutcheon.
+
+The “Oneida Communists” are essentially polygamic, although they have
+no marriage system. They do not marry, and ignore all marriage codes.
+Cohabitation is under no restrictions between the sexes. Marriage is
+also not observed among the “Shakers.”
+
+
+                         MONOGAMY—WHAT IT IS.
+
+This is the conjugal union of a male with one female only. We have
+seen that monogamy was coequal with civilization, and that most
+probably the majority of the males had but one wife, even among
+polygamic nations. Universal polygamy is practically impossible, the
+scarcity of females and the poverty of the males forbidding it. The
+excess of females is not so great in any country as to allow to each
+male more than one wife, except the male portion is depleted by long
+and disastrous wars. Monogamy has done more for the elevation of the
+female than any other custom of civilization. The rich could only
+afford to practice polygamy, and should the poor imitate the example
+it would necessarily subject the wives to a state of serfdom. In the
+economy of nature it is designed that the male should be the protector
+of the female, and that by his exertions the provision of food and
+raiment should be secured. In polygamous nations the female has not
+attained that social state that she has reached in countries where the
+male is entitled to but one female as his wife. Woman's highest sphere
+is not in the harem or zenana, but in that dignified state in which
+she is the sole connubial companion of but one man. It is debasing to
+her nature, and subversive of her dignity in the rank of humanity, to
+make her the equal only with others in the marital union with one
+male. She becomes only the true, noble and affectionate being when she
+is conscious of a superiority to others in the connubial companionship
+with her accepted one. The female bird chirps but for her single mate,
+and she is pugnaciously monogamic, as well as virtuous, allowing
+neither male or female at or near her home. The spirit of independence
+she gains by being the mate of but one male gains for her the victory
+over the intruders.
+
+The physical and mental welfare of the female is also dependent upon
+monogamic marriage. We have demonstrated that temperate indulgence is
+conducive to the sanitary condition of the sexes, and that absolute
+abstinence is opposed to the designs of nature. It is also evident
+that the male is not endowed with greater power, vigor or capacity
+than the female; therefore, confinement or limitation of the congress
+to the companionship of one male with one female, as in monogamic
+marriage, gives the healthy balance to the marital union. The
+polygamic husband must either suffer from the consequences of
+excessive indulgence or his wives from poverty of sexual
+gratification; probably both would be the case.
+
+
+                               POLYANDRY
+
+is equally as proper as polygamy, yet it never in the history of man
+obtained a foothold. The system is more logical than polygamy, because
+the wife's dependence would be distributed between two or more
+husbands, in which case she would be better insured against poverty
+and her support would be guaranteed by greater probability.
+
+We have now described the history and aspect of the two customs, and
+will conclude the subject by remarking that a man is morally and
+physically entitled to but one wife, and that a plurality is a great
+wrong to the female and in total opposition to the ordinance of
+nature. Wherever polygamy is the custom the female is held in slavish
+subjection. It only prospers in proportion to the ignorance of the
+sex. Intelligent and civilized woman will always rebel against such
+debasement and servitude.
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE CUSTOMS.
+
+It would probably be interesting to many to describe the marriage
+ceremonies observed by different nations, but to enter into a
+descriptive detail would occupy too much space. It is sufficient to
+say that while some wives are wooed and won, others are bought and
+sold; while in some countries the husband brings the wife to his home,
+in others, as in Formosa, the daughter brings her husband to her
+father's house, and he is considered one of the family, while the
+sons, upon marriage, leave the family forever. In civilized countries,
+the ceremonies are either ministerial or magisterial, and are more or
+less religious in character; while in others, less civilized, the
+gaining of a wife depends upon a foot-race, in which the female has
+the start of one-third the distance of the course, as is the custom
+in Lapland. In Caffraria, the lover must first fight himself into the
+affections of his ladylove, and if he defeats all his rivals she
+becomes his wife without further ceremony. Among the Congo tribes, a
+wife is taken upon trial for a year, and if not suited to the standard
+of taste of the husband, he returns her to her patents. In Persia, the
+wife's status depends upon her fruitfulness; if she be barren, she can
+be put aside. In the same country they have also permanent marriages
+and marriages for a certain period only—the latter never allowed to
+exceed ninety years.
+
+In fact, the marriage ceremonies differ in nearly all countries. To us
+some may appear very absurd, and yet our customs may be just as
+amazing to them. It matters but little how a conjugal union is
+effected so long as sanctioned by law or custom and it obligates the
+parties, by common opinion, to observe the duties pertaining to
+married life.
+
+
+                    THE BASIS OF A HAPPY MARRIAGE.
+
+The state of conjugal union should be the happiest in the whole of the
+existence of either man or woman, and is such in a congenial marriage.
+Yet in the history of very many marriages contentment or happiness is
+palpably absent and an almost insufferable misery is the heritage of
+both parties. It is therefore important that previous to the marital
+union the parties should take everything into consideration that
+fore-shadows happiness after marriage, as well as everything
+calculated to despoil conjugal felicity.
+
+The first requisite of congenial marriage is love. Without being
+cemented by this element the conjugal union is sure to be uncongenial.
+It is the strongest bond, the firmest cord, uniting two hearts
+inseparably together. Love for the opposite sex has always been a
+controlling influence with mankind. It is the most elevating of all
+the emotions and the purest and tenderest of all sentiments. It exerts
+a wonderful power, and by its influence the grandest human actions
+have been achieved. Of what infinite worth it is to either sex to be
+compensated with a worthy and satisfying love, and how ennobling to
+the impulses and actions it is to bestow the sentiment upon one worthy
+to receive and willing to return.
+
+
+                        LOVE IS THE MAINSPRING
+
+that regulates the harmony of conjugal life, and without it there is a
+void in the machinery, productive only of jars, convulsive movement,
+and a grating and inharmonious action. The soul yearns for love and
+to love, and unless the desire is compensated human life is a blank
+and becomes a purposeless existence. Love ever stimulates the good and
+suppresses the bad, if kept in a proper channel and guided by pure
+affections.
+
+Another requisite of a happy marriage is health. No person has a moral
+right to engage in wedlock who cannot bring to his partner the
+offering of good health.
+
+Another consideration is _evenness of temper_. In the wooing days
+everyone is a lamb, and only becomes the howling wolf after marriage.
+Circumstances that ruffle the temper in the presence of the intended
+are but like the harmless squib, but would become like the explosive
+torpedo in his or her absence or in after-marriage. Quarreling caused
+by matrimonial differences is the most frequent cause of infelicity,
+and most of it is caused by an innate irate temper of either husband
+or wife.
+
+The _tastes_ should not be dissimilar. Some of them may be
+unimportant, but others are a fruitful source of disagreement. The
+social wife will never be contented with the unsocial husband, and the
+gay husband, though his gayety may not be commendable, will always
+accuse his wife if she lacks a social disposition to a great extent.
+The religious wife will never excuse a tendency to irreligion in her
+husband, and though he may be far from being immoral, she is unhappy
+if he does not participate in her devotions. The one devoted to
+children will never be happy with one having a natural repugnance for
+them. In this way we might multiply facts illustrative of the
+importance of an investigation into the similarity of taste previous
+to marriage. Great love, however, overcomes almost every obstacle.
+
+
+               THE PARTIES SHOULD BE NEARLY OF ONE AGE.
+
+The husband should be the elder. The union of the old husband to the
+young wife, or the reverse, is seldom a happy one. It is seldom that
+such a marriage occurs in which the incentive is not the wealth of
+either of the parties.
+
+Marriages are usually contracted to gratify various desires, as love,
+fortune or position. The results are more truthfully stated by an
+eminent divine in the following:
+
+“Who marries for love, takes a wife; who marries for fortune, takes a
+mistress; who marries for position, takes a lady.”
+
+To a man there is but one choice that he can rationally make, a
+marriage of love. My female readers, I hope, will decide rather to wed
+a husband than the master or the elegant gentleman.
+
+A little foresight, a little prudence, and a little caution will
+prevent in most cases the entrance into a marriage which, by the very
+nature of the alliance, is certain to be an unhappy and improper one.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+
+                     PREGNANCY—LABOR—PARTURITION.
+
+
+Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman than
+that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.
+
+
+                        THE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
+
+are various. Many females are troubled with colic pains, creeping of
+the skin, shuddering, and fainting fits immediately on conception
+taking place. Where such symptoms occur immediately after connection,
+they are a certain indication of impregnation.
+
+
+                          A REMARKABLE CHANGE
+
+takes place in the face in most cases, varying in time from three days
+to three months. The eyes are dull and heavy, and present a glassy
+appearance; the nose pinched up; the skin becomes pale and livid, and
+the whole countenance appears as if five or ten years' advance in life
+had been taken at a single step.
+
+Another important and remarkable sign, and one the most to be relied
+on, is an increase in the size of the neck. This often occurs at a
+very early period, and many females, by keeping a careful daily
+measurement of the neck, can always tell when they are pregnant.
+
+A suppression of the menstrual flow is another strong presumptive
+sign. It is true a partial flow of the menses often occurs after
+pregnancy, from the lower part of the womb, but when the flow is
+suddenly stopped without any apparent cause, pregnancy is generally
+the predisposing cause.
+
+
+                         SOON AFTER CONCEPTION
+
+the stomach often becomes affected with what is called morning
+sickness. On first awaking, the female feels as well as usual, but on
+rising from her bed qualmishness begins and perhaps while in the act
+of dressing retching and vomiting takes place.
+
+This symptom may occur almost immediately after conception, but it
+most frequently commences for the first time between two and three
+weeks after. Now and then it is experienced only during the last six
+weeks or two months of pregnancy, and subsides about the time the
+movements of the child begin to be felt.
+
+
+                         CHANGES IN THE BREAST
+
+are generally considered as strong signs of pregnancy. When two months
+of pregnancy have been completed, an uneasy sensation of throbbing and
+stretching fullness is experienced, accompanied by tingling about the
+middle of the breasts, centering in the nipples. A sensible alteration
+in their appearance soon follows, they grow larger and more firm. The
+nipple becomes more prominent, and the circle around its base altered
+in color and structure, constituting what is called the areola, and as
+pregnancy advances milk is secreted.
+
+
+                       THE PERIOD OF GESTATION,
+
+at which these changes may occur, varies much in different females.
+Sometimes, with the exception of the secretion of the milk, they are
+recognized very soon after conception; in other instances,
+particularly in females of a weakly and delicate constitution, they
+are hardly perceptible until pregnancy is far advanced or even drawing
+toward its termination.
+
+The changes in the form and size of the breasts may be the result of
+causes unconnected with pregnancy. They may enlarge in consequence of
+marriage, from the individual becoming stout and fat or from
+accidental suppression of the monthly flow.
+
+The changes which take place in the nipple, and around its base, are
+of the utmost value as an evidence of pregnancy.
+
+
+                    ABOUT THE SIXTH OR SEVENTH WEEK
+
+after conception has taken place, if the nipple be examined it will be
+found becoming turgid and prominent, and a circle forming around its
+base, of a color deeper in its shade than rose or flesh color,
+slightly tinged with a yellowish or brownish hue, and here and there
+upon its surface will be seen little prominent points from about ten
+to twenty in number. In the progress of the next six or seven weeks
+these changes are fully developed, the nipple becoming more prominent
+and turgid than ever, the circle around it of larger dimensions, the
+skin being soft, bedewed with a slight degree of moisture, frequently
+staining the linen in contact with it; the little prominences of
+larger size, and the color of the whole very much deepened.
+
+Calculations of the
+
+
+                        DURATION OF PREGNANCY,
+
+founded upon what has been observed to occur after casual intercourse,
+or perhaps a single act, in individuals who can have no motive to tell
+us what is false, are likely to be correct. The conclusion drawn from
+these is, that labor usually, but not invariably, comes on about 280
+days after conception, a mature child being sometimes born before the
+expiration of the forty weeks, and at other times not until that time
+has been exceeded by several days. A case is on record where the
+pregnancy lasted 287 days. In this case the labor did not take place
+until that period had elapsed from the departure of the husband for
+the East Indies, consequently the period might have been longer than
+287 days.
+
+
+                   CHILDBIRTH IS A NATURAL PROCESS,
+
+and however complicated and painful habits or disease have made it,
+yet the work must be left to nature. Any efforts to assist or hurry
+matters will only end in harm. The only cases where interference is
+justifiable is where her powers are exhausted or some malformation
+exists or malpresentation occurs. When labor is about to commence, the
+womb descends into the bottom of the belly and the motions and weight
+of the child will be felt much lower down than usual. If in a natural
+position the head will fall to the mouth of the womb and press upon
+it. This drives forward the membranes which retain the water at the
+orifice, and at the proper moment they break and labor then commences.
+
+Labor is caused by involuntary contractions of the uterus and
+abdominal muscles. By their force the liquor amnii flows out, the head
+of the fœtus is engaged in the pelvis, it goes through it, and soon
+passes out by the valve, the folds of which disappear. These different
+phenomena take place in succession and continue a certain time. They
+are accompanied with pains more or less severe, with swelling and
+softening of the soft parts of the pelvis and external genital parts,
+and with an abundant mucous secretion in the cavity of the vagina. All
+these circumstances, each in its own way, favor the passage of the
+fœtus.
+
+It is proper here to remark that parturition is not necessarily either
+painful or dangerous. It is well known that women in an uncivilized
+state suffer very little pain or disablement in bringing forth
+children. Generally neither pregnancy nor labor interrupt the ordinary
+avocation of the mother, except for an hour or two at the birth
+itself. The suffering and debilitating influences that often attend
+childbirth now are caused by our unnatural modes of living and
+nonattention to the laws of health. Numerous well-authenticated
+instances are known where women who had previously suffered with
+severe labor in childbirth have, by attention to health and diet as
+here shown, been delivered of fine healthy children with comparative
+ease.
+
+From the
+
+
+                        BEGINNING OF PREGNANCY
+
+more than ordinary care should be used in taking regular exercise in
+the open air, being careful to avoid fatigue and overexertion. During
+the whole period of pregnancy every kind of agitating exercise, such
+as running, jumping, jolting in a carriage, and plunging in cold
+water, should be carefully avoided, as well as the passions being kept
+under perfect control.
+
+
+                               THE DIET
+
+must chiefly consist of fruits and farinaceous food, as sago, tapioca,
+rice, etc. In proportion as a woman subsists upon aliment which is
+free from earthy and bony matter will she avoid pain and danger in
+delivery; hence, the more ripe fruit, acid fruit in particular, and
+the less of other kinds of food, but particularly of bread or pastry
+of any kind, is consumed, the less will be the danger and sufferings
+of childbirth. Nearly all kinds of fruit possess two hundred times
+less ossifying principle than bread or anything else made of wheaten
+flour.
+
+Honey, molasses, sugar, butter, oil, vinegar, etc., when
+unadulterated, are entirely free from earthy matter. Common salt,
+pepper, coffee, cocoa, spices, and many drugs are much worse than
+wheaten flour in their hardening and bone-forming tendency, and should
+therefore be avoided. The drink should be tea or lemonade made with
+water, soft and clear, and, when practicable, distilled.
+
+No mother who has adopted this mode of living but has blessed the
+knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother from needless
+terror.
+
+In the third month of pregnancy, but not before, the belly begins to
+enlarge or swell, and gradually increases in size till the full term
+of pregnancy is completed. Between the sixteenth and twentieth week
+the womb rises up into the belly, and the motion of the child is felt,
+which is called
+
+
+                              QUICKENING.
+
+The first time a woman is with child this sensation of quickening is
+like that of a bird fluttering within her; at other times she feels a
+tickling or pushing sensation, or the child gives a kick or a jump,
+and this, too, with so much energy as to move the petticoats, a book,
+or any light article she may have in her lap.
+
+It is important to remember these symptoms, and the order in which
+they occur: first, cessation of the menses; second, morning sickness;
+third, swelling and darting pains in the breast, and dark color around
+the nipples; fourth, gradual enlargement of the abdomen or belly;
+fifth, the movement of the child.
+
+In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, if these symptoms are present
+the woman is pregnant. Pregnant women are generally affected with
+heartburn, sickness of a morning, headache, and that troublesome
+disease, toothache, which accompanies pregnancy; all of which may
+usually be avoided by keeping the bowels gently open with seidlitz
+powders, caster oil, or pills of rhubarb, which should be taken
+occasionally, either alone or in combination with colocynth and soap.
+A clyster made of warm soapsuds will often be sufficient if repeated
+every few days; or senna and manna; and if there is any aversion to
+taking medicine, give some simple articles, such as roasted apples,
+figs, prunes, or anything that will quiet the stomach and prevent
+costiveness of the bowels.
+
+
+                             THE TOOTHACHE
+
+often complained of by pregnant women, and which may occur at any
+period, is seldom relieved by extraction, having its seat in the
+adjacent nerves of the face or jaws, and is neuralgic. The teeth ought
+not to be drawn during pregnancy, unless urgently required, but should
+be relieved by applying hot fomentations to the face, as a camomile
+poultice. Rubbing the jaw externally with spirits of camphor or
+laudanum, or applying mustard plasters or blisters behind the ears,
+will afford relief.
+
+
+                     THE CRAMPS OF THE LEGS. ETC.,
+
+in pregnancy, caused by the pressure of the enlarged womb on the
+nerves, are often troublesome, but not attended with any danger, and
+may be speedily relieved by a change of posture, and friction, or
+rubbing with opodeldoc, spirits of camphor, or hot whisky and salt.
+Palpitation of the heart occurs frequently, and usually about the
+period of quickening. In general, it is the result of a disordered
+stomach and may be relieved by attention to diet and moderate doses of
+magnesia and Epsom salts, of equal quantities.
+
+
+                     THE PALPITATION OF THE HEART
+
+may be produced by a morbid state of the nerves, and is then termed
+hysterical. Attention in all such cases should be paid to the diet,
+air, exercise, etc., with the view of improving the strength, the
+bowels being kept open by mild means. All exciting or agitating
+subjects should be carefully avoided, and the mind of the pregnant
+woman kept calm and tranquil; for the mind, in the early stages of
+pregnancy, exercises the most powerful influence over the child
+through life; and how many peculiar traits of character have been
+indelibly fixed upon their offspring from these exciting causes is
+evident in many families.
+
+When the palpitation occurs from the state of the nerves, as before
+described, producing uncomfortable feelings, a teaspoonful of the
+tincture of castor or asafœtida, with an equal quantity of compound
+spirits of lavender, mixed in a little water, will seldom fail to
+afford relief, which may, if necessary, be repeated on its recurrence.
+
+
+                           MORNING SICKNESS
+
+is one of the most painful feelings attendant on the pregnant state,
+and it is one of those which medicine commonly fails to relieve. A cup
+of camomile or peppermint tea, taken when first awaking, and suffering
+the patient to be still for an hour, will frequently alleviate the
+distressing sickness; but should it recur during the day, and if these
+means fail, two or three teaspoonfuls of the following mixture should
+then be taken either occasionally or, when the vomiting and heartburn
+are more continual, immediately after each meal:
+
+Take of—
+    Calcined magnesia,                   One dram;
+    Distilled water,                     Six ounces;
+    Aromatic tincture of rhatany,        Six drams;
+    Water of pure ammonia,               One dram.
+
+Mix. The anxiety and sometimes despondency of mind—in other words,
+lowness of spirits—to which pregnant women are more or less liable
+greatly depends on the state of their general health and the natural
+temper and character of the individual; but it can be greatly
+aggravated, and may often be excited by circumstances or officious
+persons. Let me, then, urge upon you the _important necessity_ of
+keeping the mind as tranquil and cheerful as possible, particularly
+during the first four months of pregnancy. A judicious course of this
+kind will produce the most beneficial and well-balanced mind in the
+child; while, if the contrary, a desponding and nervous temperament,
+with many other peculiarities, will be the consequence.
+
+
+               SURE TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF PREGNANCY.
+
+M. Nauche has found that the urine of pregnant women contains a
+particular substance, which, when the urine is allowed to stand
+separates and forms a pellicle on the surface. M. Enguiser, from an
+extensive series of observations, has confirmed the fact, and
+ascertained that kisteine, as this particular substance has been
+called, is constantly formed on the surface of the urine of women in a
+state of pregnancy. The urine must be allowed to stand for from two to
+six days, when minute opaque bodies are observed to rise from the
+bottom to the surface of the fluid, where they gradually unite and
+form a continuous layer over the surface. This layer is so consistent
+that it may be almost lifted off by raising it by one of its edges.
+This is the kisteine. It is whitish, opalescent, slightly granular,
+and can be compared to nothing better than the fatty substance which
+floats on the surface of soups after they have been allowed to cool.
+When examined by the microscope, it has the aspect of a gelatinous
+mass without determinate form; sometimes cubical shaped crystals are
+discovered on it, but this appearance is only observed when it has
+stood a long time, and is to be regarded as foreign to it. The
+kisteine remains on the surface for several days; the urine then
+becomes turbid, and small opaque masses become detached from the
+kisteine and fall to the bottom of the fluid and the pellicle soon
+becomes destroyed.
+
+The essential character of the urine of pregnancy, then, is the
+presence of the kisteine; and the characters of the pellicle are so
+peculiar that it is impossible to mistake it for anything else. A
+pellicle sometimes forms on the surface of the urine of patients
+laboring under phthisis, abscess, or disease of the bladder, but may
+be easily distinguished by this circumstance, that it does not form in
+such a short time as the kisteine, and that in place of disappearing,
+as this last, in a few days, it increases in thickness and at last is
+converted into a mass of moldiness. There exists, likewise, a very
+marked difference between its mucous aspect and that of kisteine; a
+difference which is difficult to describe, but which is easily
+recognized.
+
+Kisteine appears to exist in the urine from the first month of
+pregnancy till delivery. It has even been recognized in the urine of a
+few gravid animals.
+
+
+                          “PARTURIENT BALM,”
+
+_For Rendering Childbirth Easy and Less Dangerous—A very Important
+Medicine._
+
+Take blue cohosh root, four ounces; lady's-slipper root and spikenard
+root, of each one ounce; sassafras bark (of root) and clover, of each
+half an ounce. Bruise all, and simmer slowly for two hours in two
+quarts of boiling water. Strain, and add one pound of white sugar.
+
+Dose: A wineglassful twice a day for two weeks or a month previous to
+expected confinement, for the purpose of rendering parturition, or
+childbirth, more easy.
+
+Should be taken by every pregnant woman.
+
+
+                               ABORTION.
+
+Abortion, or miscarriage, means, in plain language, a woman losing her
+child previous to the seventh month of her pregnancy; that is, before
+its due time. When this occurs after that period it is called
+
+
+                           PREMATURE LABOR.
+
+Miscarriage involves pain and weakness in addition to the loss of
+offspring, and is often a severe trial to the maternal constitution.
+It may occur at any period of pregnancy, but particular stages are
+more liable to the accident than others. These are generally
+considered to be about the time of the first menstruation after
+conception; again at the twelfth week, and toward the seventh month;
+and the liability is increased at those times which correspond to the
+menstrual period. When abortion has once taken place it is more likely
+to occur again, and some have so strong a tendency to it that they
+never go beyond a certain stage, but then invariably miscarry.
+
+
+                         THE CAUSE OF ABORTION
+
+may exist in the constitution of the female herself, being the result
+of weakness and irritability, or of an overfull habit or a diseased
+condition of the womb; or the fœtus, or child, may die or be
+deficient in development, when it is cast off like a blighted fruit.
+Suckling after conception has taken place is not infrequently a cause
+of miscarriage. Active diseases occurring during pregnancy, such as
+fevers, severe inflammation, eruptive fevers, etc., are almost certain
+to occasion the expulsion of the uterine contents. Continued
+diarrhœa and the action of strong purgative medicines, particularly
+the aloetic, are dangerous. This is a very good reason for those who
+are pregnant avoiding all quack aperient medicines; they almost all
+contain aloes, and may be very injurious. All undue exertion or
+agitation of body or mind, sudden jerks or jumps, riding on horseback
+in the early stage, or in a shaking carriage in the latter stages of
+pregnancy, may any of them bring on miscarriage. To these may be
+added: exertion of the arms in doing anything on a level above the
+head; costive bowels and straining consequent therein; sexual
+indulgence, or, in plain language, too much connection with your
+husband; and luxurious habits. Those who have once suffered from
+abortion ought to be extremely careful during succeeding pregnancies,
+and all ought to bear in mind the possibility of the occurrence.
+
+
+                  THE SYMPTOMS OF THREATENED ABORTION
+
+vary with the constitution. In the strong and plethoric it is often
+preceded by shivering and febrile symptoms and by a feeling of weight
+in the lower bowels. In the weak there is languor, faintness,
+flaccidity of the breasts, general depression, and pains in the back
+and loins. Intermittent pains, and discharge of blood from the
+passage, tell that the process has begun. If miscarriage occurs within
+the first month or two after conception, the process may be
+accomplished with so little inconvenience as to escape notice and be
+mistaken for a menstrual period. More generally, however, the severity
+of the pain and an unusual clotted discharge of blood render the case
+evident. The pain, the discharge, and, at the same time, the danger of
+an abortion, are in proportion to the advancement of the pregnancy.
+When a miscarriage goes on, the pains increase in force and frequency,
+and continue, with discharge of blood, fluid or in clots, until the
+ovum, or first formation of the child, is expelled; after which both
+become moderated till they cease altogether and the red flow gives
+place to a colorless one. It is very important that those in
+attendance upon the patient should examine every clot that comes away.
+If large, tear it in pieces, that they may ascertain whether the
+contents of the womb are expelled or not, for there is no safety or
+rest, where miscarriage is progressing, till it has taken place and
+everything is cast off.
+
+
+                          AS SOON AS A FEMALE
+
+experiences threatenings of abortion she ought at once to retire to
+bed, upon a mattress, and keep perfectly quiet till every symptom has
+disappeared. Sometimes this simple measure, _promptly adopted_, is
+sufficient to avert the threatened evil. If there is much feeling of
+fullness, and the patient is of full habit generally, eight or a dozen
+leeches may be applied to the lower part of the bowels; if there is
+fever, saline medicines may be given, such as the common effervescing
+draft of carbonate of soda and tartaric acid or lemon juice; or, if
+the bowels are much confined, seidlitz powders, assisting the action
+by cold clysters, if necessary. When the pains are severe,
+particularly in the weak and irritable, twenty or thirty drops of
+laudanum should be given, and may be repeated in a few hours if the
+symptoms are not improved. In the case of profuse discharge, the
+patient should be kept very lightly covered, movement avoided, and
+every article of food or drink given cold, or iced if possible,
+provided the vital powers are not excessively reduced. Cloths dipped
+in cold or iced water should also be applied to the lower part of the
+body and frequently changed. Acid drinks, with cream of tartar, may be
+freely given. Ten or fifteen drops of elixir vitriol may be given in a
+wineglassful of water every two or three hours. Should slight
+faintness come on, it is better not to interfere with it, but use
+outward remedies—camphor, cold water, vinegar, etc.—as they maybe
+salutary. If it reaches to an extent to threaten life, stimulants, as
+brandy and water, and others, must be had recourse to. Profuse and
+continued discharge, though it may not threaten life, must occasion a
+weakness which will take a long time to overcome, and which may
+ultimately, if not properly attended to, promote the development of
+other diseases of the womb.
+
+
+                      IF THE FLOODING IS PROFUSE
+
+and uncontrolled by the means before mentioned, one grain and a half
+of sugar of lead may be given every two or three hours, and washed
+down with a drink of vinegar and water, to which, if there is much
+pain, add from five to ten drops of laudanum.
+
+Pieces of linen or cotton cloth should be soaked in a strong solution
+of alum, or a decoction of oak bark; and then well oiled; with this
+cloth plug the passage or birthplace; or, some of this astringent wash
+may be thrown up with a syringe.
+
+But, during the time and after miscarriage, the general strength must
+be supported by a strengthening diet, such as soups, meat, etc.,
+avoiding stimulants as much as possible. Nevertheless, in some cases
+wine or malt liquors may be necessary in convalescence, or when
+recovering, and if so may be assisted by tonic or strengthening
+medicines, such as contain mineral acid. Bark or iron are generally
+given as the most appropriate remedies. The bowels will, in some
+cases, require strict attention, as indeed they do throughout, and for
+this purpose castor oil is a good medicine, or clysters of cold or
+tepid water are most useful. A teaspoonful of Epsom salts dissolved in
+half a pint of water, either cold or slightly warmed, to which add
+fifteen drops of elixir vitriol, forms a most excellent and mild
+purgative, which should be taken before breakfast. In all cases where
+the constitution of the woman has a tendency to miscarriage or
+abortion, a quiet state of mind should be observed, avoiding all
+violent exertions, particularly lifting heavy weights. These
+principles of treatment are to be kept in mind in the management of
+miscarriage:
+
+The first, to prevent it, if possible, by rest, opiates, etc.
+
+The second, to allay pain, moderate the discharge of blood, and to
+save and support the strength of the patient.
+
+The third, when abortion must take place, to expedite the separation
+of the ovum and free the contents of the womb. This is generally done
+by simply occasionally drinking cold water, and in difficult cases, if
+necessary, by the administration of spurred rye. The dose is a strong
+infusion or tea given every twenty or thirty minutes until the desired
+effect is produced, as long as the stomach will bear it.
+
+The health of pregnant females should at all times be an object of
+great care and interest; and they should be impressed with the
+conviction that while
+
+
+                        BEARING THE FIRST CHILD
+
+they may, by proper care and attention, lay the foundation for their
+future health and that of their offspring; while by neglect and
+imprudence in this matter, they may not only enfeeble their
+constitution, but entail upon their children an inheritance of
+infirmity and disease.
+
+Miscarriage, or abortion, which includes all cases in which delivery
+takes place before the sixth month, seldom occurs without being
+preceded, or accompanied, or followed, by a morbid discharge of blood
+from the womb, which is commonly known by the name of _flooding_.
+Abortion, or miscarriage, takes place with the first pregnancy, and
+during the first two months; therefore, great care should be observed
+during this period, as any cause which either destroys the life of the
+child in the womb or brings on morbid or premature contractions in
+that organ may induce miscarriage. Coughing severely, or vomiting, a
+blow or fall, or a misstep leading to an effort to prevent falling,
+may, and does frequently, result in miscarriage; and this having once
+occurred, it is, without proper care, exceedingly liable to be the
+case again at the same period of a subsequent pregnancy. The same
+result may follow any vivid moral impression; for fright, or mental
+excitement by passion, or witnessing any accident, will be found often
+to end in miscarriage. In some healthy females, however, it occurs
+without any other cause than mere fullness of blood. A bleeding from
+the womb is often in such cases a first symptom of abortion, and
+should be attended to as early as possible before it goes to any
+considerable extent. The amount of flooding, in most cases, is in
+proportion to the early period of pregnancy at which it takes place,
+for in the latter months there is seldom much blood lost. But there
+are cases in which pregnant women will lose blood repeatedly from the
+womb and yet not miscarry, but these are very rare cases.
+
+In most cases, the occurrence of a woman's flooding between the first
+and fourth months, unless very slight, or quickly relieved, is usually
+followed by a miscarriage; but as soon as the child and its membranes
+are both expelled by the contraction of the womb the flooding soon
+ceases. In many such cases it is often very difficult, and sometimes
+impossible, to deliver the afterbirth and membranes, which remain and
+finally pass off after putrefaction has taken place, resulting in long
+and offensive discharges from the womb, and which, unless treated by
+the most skillful management, frequently result in many internal
+mischiefs of a serious character, such as ulcers, cancers, etc.
+
+In all cases, those who are constitutionally disposed to abortion, or
+have a tendency to miscarriage, should take great care to preserve a
+quiet state of mind and to avoid all violent exertion; and all active
+purgatives should be avoided, and exposure to great heat or cold,
+during the time of gestation or pregnancy.
+
+When the miscarriage has really taken place, and the fœtus, or
+child, is expelled, together with the contents of the womb, the same
+precautions should in general be observed as in childbirth.
+
+
+                        TO PREVENT MISCARRIAGE,
+
+when it is threatened, or on the appearance of the first symptoms, the
+patient should lie down and be as quiet as possible; live on very
+light diet; bowels be kept freely open; and an injection of thirty
+drops of laudanum should be given in half a pint of slippery elm tea.
+Should flooding be present, cold lemonade should be drank freely, and
+cloths wet with cold or ice water applied to the thighs and lower part
+of the birthplace, which should be repeated until the flooding is
+relieved.
+
+
+                     MEANS OF PREVENTING ABORTION.
+
+To prevent abortion, women of weak or relaxed habit should use solid
+food, avoiding great quantities of tea, coffee, or other weak or
+watery liquors. They should go soon to bed and rise early, and take
+frequent exercise, but avoid fatigue. They should occasionally take
+half a pint of the decoction of lignum-vitæ, boiling an ounce of it in
+a quart of water for five minutes.
+
+If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet and chiefly of the
+vegetable kind, avoiding strong liquors and everything that may tend
+to heat the body or increase the quantity of blood; and when the
+symptoms appear, should take a dram of powdered nitre in a cup of
+water gruel every five or six hours.
+
+In both cases the patient should sleep on a hard mattress and be kept
+cool and quiet; the bowels should be kept regular by a pill of white
+walnut extract or bitterroot.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+
+                             MENSTRUATION.
+
+
+Though this is not a disease, but a healthy function, and as, from
+various causes, derangement of the function occurs, it is proper that
+it should be perfectly understood. Menstruation is the term applied to
+the phenomenon that attends the rupture of what is called the
+_Graafian follicles_ of the ovaries and the discharge of an ova, or
+egg. It is a bloody discharge from the female genitals; not differing
+from ordinary blood, excepting that it does not coagulate, and in its
+peculiar odor. The blood comes from the capillaries of the womb and
+vagina.
+
+
+                  MENOPHANIA, OR THE FIRST APPEARANCE
+
+of the menses, is usually preceded by a discharge of a fluid whitish
+matter from the vagina, by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and
+heaviness in the loins and thighs, numbness of the limbs, and swelling
+and hardness of the breasts. The first appearance is an evidence of
+capacity for conception. It generally appears about the age of
+fourteen, but varies from nine to twenty-four years. In warm climates
+women begin to menstruate earlier and cease sooner than in temperate
+regions; in the cold climates the reverse of this holds as a general
+rule. The manifestations of approaching puberty are seen in the
+development of the breasts, the expansion of the hips, the rounded
+contour of the body and limbs, appearance of the purely feminine
+figure, development of the voice, and the child becomes reserved and
+exchanges her plays for the pursuits of womanhood.
+
+More or less indisposition and irritability also precede each
+successive recurrence of the menstrual flux, such as headache,
+lassitude, uneasiness, pain in back, loins, etc. The periods succeed
+each other usually about every twenty-eight days, although it may
+occur every twenty-two, twenty, eighteen, fifteen, or thirty-two,
+thirty-five, or forty days. The most important element is the
+regularity of the return. In temperate climates each menstrual period
+ordinarily continues from three to six days, and the quantity lost
+from four to eight ounces. The menses continue to flow from the period
+of puberty till the age of forty-five or fifty. At the time of its
+natural cessation the flow becomes irregular, and this irregularity is
+accompanied occasionally by symptoms of dropsy, glandular swellings,
+etc., constituting the _critical period_, _turn_ or _change of life_;
+yet it does not appear that mortality is increased by it, as vital
+statistics show that more men die between forty and fifty than women.
+
+It should be the
+
+
+                         DUTY OF EVERY MOTHER
+
+or female in charge of a child in whom age or actual manifestations
+suggest the approach of puberty to acquaint her with the nature of her
+visitation and the importance of her conduct in regard to it. She
+should be taught that it is perfectly natural to all females at a
+certain period, and that its arrival necessitates caution on her part
+with regard to exposure to wet or cold. The author has made the
+acquaintance of the history of many cases of consumption and other
+diseases which were directly induced by folly and ignorance at the
+first menstrual flow. The child is often kept in extreme ignorance of
+the liability of womanhood occurring to her at a certain age, and,
+hence, when she observes a flow of blood escaping from a part, the
+delicacy attached to the locality makes her reticent with regard to
+inquiry or exposure; she naturally becomes alarmed, and most likely
+attempts to stanch the flow by bathing or applying cold water to the
+part, thus doing incalculable mischief.
+
+This purely feminine physiological function should be well studied and
+understood by all females. At least, they should know that the
+phenomenon is a natural one, liable to disorder, and that the best
+interests of their general health demands care and prudence on their
+part to maintain regularity, etc., of the flow. Disregard of such a
+duty will surely entail much misery.
+
+
+                 DELAYED AND OBSTRUCTED MENSTRUATION.
+
+When the menses do not appear at the time when they may naturally be
+expected, we call it delayed or obstructed menstruation. It is,
+however, of great importance to know whether a girl is sufficiently
+developed to make it necessary for the menses to appear, although she
+may have reached the proper age. As long as the girl has not increased
+physically, if she has not become wider across the hips, if her
+breasts have not become enlarged, and if she experience none of the
+changes incident to this period, an effort to force nature is
+positively injurious. In this case a general treatment will be called
+for. She should be required to exercise freely in the open air, retire
+early to bed and rise at an early hour in the morning. She should not
+be allowed to be closely confined to school, if attending. Her diet
+should be generous but free from all rich food, which will disorder
+the stomach. If, however, she is fully developed, and she suffers from
+time to time from congestions of the head, breast or abdomen, it will
+be necessary to interfere. The following are symptoms which will
+generally be found in these cases: Headache, weight, fullness, and
+throbbing in the center of the cranium and in the back part of the
+head; pains in the back and loins; cold feet and hands, becoming
+sometimes very hot; skin harsh and dry; slow pulse, and not
+infrequently attended with epilepsy.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+It is well for the patient, a few days before the period, to take a
+warm hip bath or foot bath twice a day, and at night, when retiring,
+to apply cloths wet in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen.
+
+The bowels should be kept open by some mild catharsis, as castor oil
+or a pill of aloes. If there is pain and fullness of the head during
+the discharge, or before it, use the following:
+
+    Tincture of aconite leaves,          Two drams;
+    Tincture of belladonna,              One dram;
+    Tincture of cantharides,             One dram;
+    Morphia,                             Three grains;
+    Simple syrup,                        Quarter ounce.
+
+Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three times a day. If the pain is severe it
+may be taken every two hours.
+
+Between the monthly periods, if the system is weak, the following may
+be taken:
+
+    Precip. carbonate of iron,        Five drams;
+    Extract of conium,                Two drams;
+    Balsam Peru,                      One dram;
+    Alcohol,                          Four ounces;
+    Oil wintergreen,                  Twenty drops;
+    Simple syrup,                     Eight ounces.
+
+Dose: Two teaspoonfuls three times a day. Shake the mixture before
+using.
+
+
+                     CHLOROSIS, OR GREEN SICKNESS.
+
+This disease generally occurs in young unmarried females who are weak
+and delicate. It manifests itself about the age of puberty, and is
+accompanied by feeble appetite and digestion. There is no menstrual
+discharge, or else it is very slight.
+
+It is caused by innutritious food and residence in damp and
+ill-ventilated apartments. It may be hereditary, all the females of
+the family being liable to the same disease. Those who drink largely
+of tea, coffee, diluted acids, bad wines, and indulge in tight lacing;
+are predisposed to this disease. Among the exciting causes may be
+mentioned disturbing emotions, unrequited love, homesickness,
+depression of spirits, etc. When we take into consideration the fact
+that the cause of the disease is impoverishment of the blood, the
+treatment will not be difficult.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+Exercise freely in the open air; protect the body from chilliness with
+warm clothing and plenty of it. The patient should sleep on a mattress
+in a well-ventilated room. The diet should be nourishing without being
+stimulating. It is important that the habits should be regular, and
+the mind kept cheerful by society and innocent amusements. Before the
+medical treatment is commenced the exciting causes of the disease must
+be removed. A complete change must be made in the existence of the
+patient. If she is confined closely at school, she must be removed; if
+she is inclined to confine herself to the house, send her to the
+country. Picture to her the danger she is in by the continuance of
+such a life; give her plenty of outdoor exercise. The mental and moral
+causes are the most difficult to remove, but a change of scenery and
+new friends will do much towards it. For those who are shut up in
+factories, or who work all day in a stooping position, a change of
+employment must be made. A bath of tepid water in the morning,
+followed by a brisk rubbing, will be beneficial; also the frequent use
+of the sitting-bath, and the sponge bath in the evening. Active
+exercise should precede and follow all baths. During menstruation all
+applications of water should be omitted. The following remedies are
+recommended by a famous Philadelphian doctor. They are to be taken on
+alternate days; that is, take No. 1 one day, No. 2 the next day, etc.:
+
+No. 1.—Precip. carbonate of iron, five drams; extract of conium, two
+drams; balsam Peru, one dram; oil cinnamon, twenty drops; simple
+syrup, eight ounces; pulverized gum arabic, two drams. Mix. Dose: Two
+teaspoonfuls three times a day, every other day, after meals. Shake
+before using.
+
+No. 2.—Tincture of nux vomica, one dram; syrup iodide of iron, one
+ounce; simple syrup, four ounces. Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three
+times a day, every other day, after meals.
+
+Another treatment is as follows:
+
+Clear the bowels with the following mixture: Sulphate of magnesia, one
+ounce; nitrate of potash, ten grains; extract of liquorice, one
+scruple; compound infusion of senna, five and one-half ounces;
+tincture of jalap, three drams; spirit of sal volatile, one dram. Mix.
+Dose: Two or three tablespoonfuls at a time, at intervals of two hours
+until an effect is produced. This is to be followed by sulphate of
+iron, five grains; extract of gentian, ten grains. Make into three
+pills and take a pill twice a day, with the compound aloes or rhubarb
+pill every night.
+
+
+                   PROFUSE MENSTRUATION—MENORRHAGIA:
+
+By menorrhagia we understand an immoderate flow of the menses. There
+is no fixed amount of blood which is lost at the menstrual period, but
+it varies in different women. It will average, however, from four to
+eight ounces. The quantity discharged may be estimated by the number
+of napkins used. Each napkin will contain about half an ounce, or one
+tablespoonful, so that eight napkins would contain four ounces;
+twenty, ten ounces; etc. In some females the discharge may be
+excessive without impairment of the general health.
+
+Some females are predisposed to uterine hemorrhages, from a relaxed or
+flabby state of the texture of the uterus. Frequent childbearing,
+abortion, high living, too prolonged and frequent suckling, may induce
+flooding. Among the exciting causes we may mention overexertion,
+dancing, falls, lifting heavy weights, cold, and mental excitement.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The patient must lie down on a hard bed, and abstain from all
+stimulating food and drinks. The room should be cool and she should be
+lightly covered with bedclothes. Soak the feet in warm water, and if
+the flowing is excessive apply cloths wrung out in vinegar and water
+to the lower bowels. The hips must be elevated higher than the head.
+Only in extreme cases should plugging be resorted to. This may be
+done by pieces of linen, about four inches square, thrust into the
+vagina until it is full, and a bandage applied between the legs. Cold
+hip baths and vaginal injections of cold water will be beneficial when
+the hemorrhage is slight.
+
+Use also the following:
+
+    Diluted sulphuric acid,         Two drams;
+    Syrup of orange peel,           Two ounces;
+    Cinnamon water,                 One ounce.
+
+Mix. Dose: A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water two or three times
+a day.
+
+If there is much pain administer the following every two or three
+hours:
+
+    Morphia,             Quarter grain;
+    Cayenne,             Four grains;
+    Rosin,               Four grains.
+
+Mix. Give in blackberry syrup.
+
+
+          PAINFUL MENSTRUATION—MENSTRUAL COLIC—DYSMENORRHEA.
+
+Dysmenorrhea means a difficult monthly flow, and is always preceded by
+severe pains in the back and lower part of the abdomen. It is caused
+by taking cold during the period; fright, violent mental emotions,
+obstinate constipation, sedentary occupations, smallness of the mouth
+and neck of the womb. Females subject to this trouble are generally
+relieved by marriage. The symptoms are severe bearing-down pains in
+the region of the uterus, like labor pains; restlessness, coldness,
+flashes of heat, with headache; aching in the small of the back, lower
+part of the abdomen, and thighs; the discharge is scanty, and contains
+shreds of fiber and clotted blood.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The patient should immediately go to bed and cover up warmly.
+Stimulating food and drinks should be avoided. Use a warm foot bath
+and sitting-bath, with hot poultices of hops or cloths wet in hot
+water applied to the abdomen.
+
+In the interval of the menses, take active exercise, with a tepid hip
+bath three nights in the week, injecting some of the water high up in
+the vagina. Keep the bowels open by a pill of aloes and myrrh, and
+take a small teaspoonful of the volatile tincture of guiacum three
+times a day, in water. On the approach of the period, take the
+following at night:
+
+    Calomel,              Three grains;
+    Opium,                One grain.
+
+In the morning a dose of caster oil, and on the appearance of the
+menses, the Dover's Powder and mixture as before. Repeat this
+treatment, in each interval, until permanently relieved.
+
+The following is recommended by an eminent physician, to be taken a
+few days before the period:
+
+    Acetous tincture of colchicum,     Three drams;
+    Magnesia,                          One dram;
+    Sulphate of magnesia,              Three drams;
+    Distilled mint or cinnamon water,  Four ounces.
+
+Mix. Dose: A small wineglassful every two or three hours until it
+operates. This should be preceded the night before by a small dose of
+blue pill.
+
+
+                 SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES—AMENORRHŒA.
+
+By suppression is meant a disappearance of the menses after they have
+become established, and may be either acute or chronic. It is caused
+by cold caught during the flow, by exposure to night air or by wetting
+the feet; fear, shocks, violent mental emotions, anxiety, fevers and
+other acute diseases. Chronic suppression may be either a consequence
+of the acute, or caused by delicate health; also, from diseases of the
+ovaries or womb. It may also be occasioned by an imperforate hymen, in
+which case it must be cut open by a physician.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+When the suppression is caused by some disease in the system, that
+disease must be cured before the menses will return. For sudden
+suppression, use the warm sitting-bath or foot bath. Apply cloths wet
+in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen, and drink freely of
+warm water. If the suppression is chronic and the patient is delicate,
+in the interval between the menses use the shower or the full bath of
+cold or tepid water, rubbing the body briskly with a coarse towel,
+especially around the abdomen, loins, and genital organs.
+
+As soon as the discharge has ceased, a warm hip bath will generally
+bring it on. If there is much inflammation of the uterus give the
+following:
+
+    Tincture aconite leaves,          Two drams;
+    Sweet spirits of nitre,           One ounce;
+    Simple syrup,                     Three ounces.
+
+Dose: One teaspoonful every two or three hours.
+
+If the discharge cannot be brought on, wait until the next period. A
+few days before the term the bowels should be freely opened and kept
+open until the period for the discharge has arrived. A pill of aloes
+and iron is one of the best that can be given. Give from one to three
+pills daily. If there is no evident reason for the discharge not
+appearing, such as pregnancy, inflammation of the neck of the womb,
+and the woman is suffering from the suppression, use the following:
+
+    Caulophyllin,              One dram;
+    Extract aconite,           Eight grains;
+    Aloes,                     Ten grains;
+    Sulphate of iron,          Ten grains.
+
+Make into forty pills. Dose: Two or three pills, taken night and
+morning.
+
+The remedies should always be taken a few days before the period
+arrives for the menses. If the chronic suppression is the result of
+any acute disease, the health must first be re-established, otherwise
+it would be wrong to force the menses. When this has been done,
+immediately before the return of the period a warm hip bath should be
+taken every night for six nights, and one of the following pills taken
+three times a day:
+
+    Fresh powdered ergot of rye,      Fifty grains;
+    Barbadoes aloes,                  Twelve grains;
+    Essential oil of juniper,         Twelve drops.
+
+Make into twelve pills with syrup or mucilage, washing down each pill
+with a cupful of pennyroyal tea.
+
+
+                CESSATION OF THE MENSES—CHANGE OF LIFE.
+
+By the phrase, “change of life,” or, the critical period, we
+understand the final cessation, or stoppage, of the menses. It usually
+takes place between the ages of forty and fifty, although in some
+cases it may occur as early as thirty, and in others not until sixty.
+However, we can expect the change about the forty-fifth year.
+
+The symptoms will vary according to the constitution of the woman. In
+some the change occurs by the discharge gradually diminishing in
+quantity; in others, by the intervals between the periods being
+lengthened. A woman may pass this period without having any more
+unpleasant symptoms than an occasional rush of blood to the head, or a
+headache. Others, however, may have very severe symptoms arise, which
+will require the care of an intelligent physician. These disagreeable
+sensations should receive a careful consideration and not be hushed up
+with the reply that these complaints arise from the “change of life”
+and will vanish whenever that change takes place. The foundation of
+serious trouble may be laid which will make the remainder of her
+existence a burden and cut short a life which might have been
+conducted to a good old age. While this change is in progress, in
+probably the majority of cases there is more or less disturbance of
+the health. It is sometimes quite impossible to say exactly what is
+the trouble with the patient, except that she is out of health. The
+following are some of the symptoms which may arise: Headache,
+dizziness, biliousness, sour stomach, indigestion, diarrhœa, piles,
+costiveness, itching of the private parts, cramp and colic of the
+bowels, palpitation of the heart, swelling of the limbs and abdomen,
+pains in the back and loins, paleness and general weakness.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+Eat and drink moderately; sleep in airy, well-ventilated rooms;
+exercise daily in the open air, either by walking or riding; avoid
+violent emotions; shun exposure to wet, stormy weather, wet feet, etc.
+
+Keep the bowels regulated with the following:
+
+Mercurial pill, one grain; ipecac powder, one-half grain; compound
+rhubarb pill, three grains. Mix for a pill to be taken every night.
+
+Or, one ounce of hicra picra, or powdered aloes with castella, mixed
+in a pint of gin, which should stand for four or five days, after
+which a tablespoonful in a glass of water may be taken every morning
+or second morning, as the case may be.
+
+If the patient is large and fleshy, of full habit, the following is
+recommended:
+
+Sulphate of magnesia, one and one-half ounces; compound infusion of
+roses, five ounces; cinnamon water, one ounce. Mix, Dose: Two
+tablespoonfuls once a day.
+
+If there are nervous symptoms prominent, give valerianate of zinc,
+eight grains; tincture of valerian, two drams; orange flower water,
+three and a half ounces; syrup of red poppies, two drams. Mix. Dose: A
+tablespoonful every six hours.
+
+
+                          FALLING OF THE WOMB
+
+                         _(Prolapsus uteri)._
+
+Falling of the womb is simply a sinking down of the organ, and may be
+so slight as not to be noticed or so great that the organ will
+protrude between the legs through the external opening. It is not a
+disease of the womb itself, but of some of its supports.
+
+So long as the vagina retains its natural size and the ligaments are
+but two and a half inches long the organ will not be displaced.
+Whatever tends to relax and weaken the system may cause the complaint.
+The muscles of the abdomen which support the intestines being weakened
+from any cause will allow the intestines to press down upon the womb
+and its ligaments, and, in consequence of this constant pressure, they
+give way. Another cause is too early exercise after childbearing.
+Flooding and leucorrhœa, or whites, if allowed to continue for a
+long time, will produce it; in delicate females, continued running up
+and down stairs, also tight lacing, dancing, leaping, and running,
+particularly during the period of menstruation, when the womb is
+increased in weight by the blood contained in it. The use of medicines
+to loosen the bowels, which is very common among many, is still
+another cause of the disorder.
+
+Most females who are troubled with falling of the womb think that it
+is necessary to a cure that they should wear some kind of a support to
+the abdomen. These supporters, however, do a vast amount of harm, for
+by being worn tightly around the abdomen they increase the pressure on
+the bowels, thus forcing down, more and more, the womb and its
+appendages. All that is necessary is to raise up the womb to its
+natural position, and use an instrument that will keep it in place.
+This instrument is called a pessary. This pessary is a ring or hollow
+cup-shaped globe, made of gold, silver, ivory, wood or gutta-percha,
+and is placed in the vagina or birthplace, thus supporting the womb.
+The cold hip bath should be used once a day, at the same time
+injecting cold water into the vagina with a syringe. Lie down as much
+as possible, and avoid becoming fatigued. Apply cold bandages to the
+abdomen on going to bed.
+
+If the womb has descended to the external orifice it is often
+necessary to restore it to its natural position by pressing it upward
+and backward by a finger or two pressed into the vagina. If the
+process be accompanied with pain, the vagina should be well washed by
+injections of thick flax seed or slippery elm bark tea for a day or
+two before the astringent washes are used.
+
+Avoid tight corsets and heavy skirts, suspend the under-garments from
+the shoulders and not from the waist, as is usually done. Use plain
+vegetable diet, and avoid tea, coffee, spirituous drinks, and all
+sensual indulgences. Allow the clothes to be loose. These things must
+be attended to closely. The diet should be plain and nourishing, but
+not stimulating.
+
+Use an injection of an infusion of white oak bark, geranium, or a
+solution of alum, in the proportion of one ounce to the pint of water.
+If there is inflammation of the womb, this must be subdued before
+using the pessary. Give tincture of aconite, compound powder of ipecac
+and opium, with injections of an infusion of hops and lobelia, or an
+infusion of belladonna.
+
+If there is heat and difficulty in passing water, drink an infusion of
+marsh mallow and spearmint. If the patient is weak, give the following
+tonic:
+
+Sulphate quinine, twenty-five grains; citrate of iron (soluble),
+thirty-five grains. Make into twenty-four powders. Take a powder three
+times a day, after each meal, in sweet wine.
+
+
+                    LEUCORRHŒA—WHITES—FLOUR ALBUS.
+
+The word leucorrhœa is derived from two Greek words, and means
+literally a “white discharge.” It is also known as “flour albus,”
+“whites,” and “female weakness,” and consists of a “light colorless
+discharge from the genital organs, varying in hue from a whitish or
+colorless to a yellowish, light green, or to a slightly red or
+brownish; varying in consistency from a thin, watery, to a thick,
+tenacious, ropy substance; and in quantity from a slight increase in
+the healthy secretion to several ounces in the twenty-four hours.”
+This discharge generally occurs between the ages of fifteen and
+forty-five, seldom during infancy or old age. When it occurs in young
+female children, it will not infrequently be produced by the presence
+of pinworms in the vagina, which make their way there from the rectum.
+There will be intense itching of the parts, and the worms can be
+removed with a small piece of cloth, after separating the lips.
+
+This disease may be either acute or chronic. The acute form generally
+results from taking cold, and is simply a catarrhal inflammation of
+the mucous membrane lining the vagina. The chronic form is but a
+continuation of the acute, and is generally caused by the acute stage
+having been neglected or improperly treated. Ulceration of the neck of
+the womb sometimes results. There are two forms of leucorrhœa:
+Vaginal leucorrhœa, when the discharge comes from the walls of the
+vagina; and cervical leucorrhœa, when the discharge proceeds from
+the neck of the womb.
+
+Causes: Taking cold from sitting on the ground, or exposure of the
+neck and shoulders; over sexual excitement, and sexual intercourse;
+tight lacing; piles, miscarriages, and abortions; displacements of the
+womb; purgatives, improper articles of diet; warm injections, or
+injections of any kind; late hours, etc. It may also be hereditary.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The treatment, to be successful, requires that the patient should
+first be placed in a favorable condition. Anything which tends to
+excite the disease must be avoided, as dissipations, late suppers,
+etc. The diet must be plain and nourishing without being stimulating,
+and be taken regularly. Exercise, short of fatigue, will be
+beneficial. The clothing should be warm and worn loosely, especially
+about the waist. Water is of great importance in the treatment of this
+trouble. The sitting-bath may be used every day, and injections of
+cold or tepid water should be used three or four times a day,
+according to the severity of the discharge.
+
+An injection of weak green tea will be found good in some mild cases,
+as also sweet cider or a weak solution of alum.
+
+One of the best tonics is the muriated tincture of iron, of which take
+twenty or twenty-five drops in half a tumbler of water three or four
+times a day. An excellent injection is made by taking three drams of
+tannic acid and an ounce of alum, dissolving in a quart of water, and
+inject one-third three times a day. The bowels should be kept open by
+Rochelle or Epsom salts, or seidlitz powder. When there is great
+debility of the organs, or when the disease has been brought on by
+exposure to cold, pregnancy, abortions, etc., the following will be
+found very successful:
+
+Tincture of aloes, two ounces; muriated tincture of iron, four drams.
+Mix. Dose: Thirty-five drops in water three times a day. At the same
+time use the following injection: Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol),
+two drams; sugar of lead, two drams. Mix in one quart of water, and
+use one-fourth for each injection.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER X.
+
+               COLLECTION OF VALUABLE MEDICAL COMPOUNDS.
+
+
+Do you have—
+    A frequent headache over the eyes?
+    A susceptibility to chills and fever?
+    A bitter or oily taste in the mouth?
+    A sour stomach?
+    A complexion inclined to be yellow?
+    A great depression of spirits without known cause?
+    Specks before the eyes, and flushed face?
+    A done out, tired feeling?
+
+Besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have you
+are affected in your liver and kidneys, and should do something for
+it. The following preparation, “Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer,” acts
+on these organs and, when diseased or out of order, restores them to a
+healthy state. Everyone should keep a bottle of this preparation in
+the house, as it is an invaluable medicine. Splendid to take in the
+spring to tone up the system:
+
+
+                   MAGIC KIDNEY AND LIVER RESTORER.
+
+    Two ounces of alcohol;
+    One and a half ounces of glycerine;
+    One ounce of liverwort;
+    Three hundred and twenty grains of saltpetre;
+    Forty drops of wintergreen.
+
+Steep the liverwort in a quart of water down to half the quantity,
+then throw in the other ingredients while hot. Dose: One tablespoonful
+about four times a day.
+
+
+                             HOP BITTERS.
+
+    One ounce mandrake root;
+    One ounce gentian root;
+    One ounce dandelion root;
+    One ounce buchu leaf;
+    One ounce sarsaparilla leaf;
+    One ounce blackberry leaf;
+    One ounce hops.
+
+Infuse in cold water, three quarts, two or three days. Add a pint of
+whisky, and bottle. Dose: A teaspoonful three times a day.
+
+
+                     ALTERATIVE, OR LIVER POWDER.
+
+Take podophyllin and sanguinaria, of each ten grains; leptandrin,
+twenty grains; white sugar, forty grains. Triturate or rub the whole
+well together in a mortar and divide into twenty powders, and take one
+night and morning. If they operate much on the bowels take but one a
+day.
+
+_Uses:_ Valuable in liver complaint, torpidity of the liver, and as an
+alterative to act on the secretions of the system generally. A
+complete substitute for blue pill and free from any danger.
+
+
+                    HEPATIC AND ALTERATIVE POWDER.
+
+Take equal parts, say of each half an ounce, of finely powdered blue
+flag root, bloodroot, May apple root, golden seal root, and
+bitterroot. Mix all together and pass through a fine sieve. Dose: As
+an alterative and to act on the liver and secretions, from two to five
+grains two or three times a day.
+
+
+                      CATHARTIC AND LIVER PILLS.
+
+Take podophyllin, sixty grains; leptandrin and sanguinaria, ipecac and
+pure cayenne, each thirty grains. Make into sixty pills with a little
+soft extract of mandrake or dandelion. This is the best pill that can
+be used as a cathartic and liver pill and to act on the secretions
+generally. As a purgative the dose is from two to four pills for a
+grown person, and as an alterative and substitute for blue mass and to
+act on the liver, one pill once a day or every other day.
+
+
+                         ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILLS.
+
+Take Socotrine aloes, two drams; colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb, and
+castile soap, each one dram; cayenne, thirty grains; oil cloves,
+thirty drops. Make into one hundred and twenty pills with extract of
+gentian or dandelion. Dose: For dyspepsia, inactive liver or
+costiveness, one or two pills once a day; as a cathartic, three to
+five pills at a dose. This is a splendid pill. It cleanses the
+stomach, gives tone and energy to the digestive organs, restores the
+appetite, excites the liver and other secretory organs, without
+causing any debility.
+
+
+                     ANOTHER ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILL.
+
+Take Quevenne's powdered metallic iron, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty
+grains; extract of nux vomica, one grain. Triturate well in a small
+mortar, so as to mix them perfectly, and make into twenty pills with
+extract of boneset or gentian. Take one pill before each meal. This is
+one of the best anti-dyspeptic pills known.
+
+
+                            DYSPEPTIC LEY.
+
+Take hickory ashes, one pint; soot, three or four ounces; boiling
+water, two quarts. Pour on in a suitable vessel or crock, stir, and
+let stand, over night, then pour off clear and bottle. Dose: Half a
+teacupful three times a day, and if too strong weaken with water until
+palatable. A sure remedy for dyspepsia.
+
+
+                              AGUE PILLS.
+
+Take quinine, twenty grains; piperine, ten grains; Dover's Powder, ten
+grains; cayenne, ten grains. Mix, pulverize, and make into twenty
+pills with a little gum arabic or extract of gentian or boneset. To be
+taken at the rate of one pill an hour when there is no fever, or
+during intermission, until twelve pills are taken, the balance to be
+taken on the third day or next well day. Good as a remedy for the
+chills or fever and ague.
+
+
+          CERTAIN REMEDY FOR THE AGUE OR INTERMITTENT FEVER.
+
+Take quinine, twelve grains; ipecac and cayenne, of each six grains;
+pulverized opium, three grains. Make into twelve pills with
+precipitated extract of Peruvian bark, or if you cannot get this, use
+either extract of dogwood or boneset, sufficient to form into pill
+mass. Two or three pills to be taken every two or three hours, during
+the well day or intermission, till all are taken. A very certain and
+effectual remedy for the ague or intermittent fever.
+
+
+                             FEVER POWDER.
+
+Take finely pulverized gum myrrh, bloodroot, and lobelia seed, or
+ipecac, of each half an ounce; gum camphor and nitre, of each two
+drams. Pulverize, mix, and rub well together in a mortar, and bottle
+for use. Dose: Three to five grains every hour of two during fever.
+Good to allay the excitement, act on the skin and promote
+perspiration; also a good expectorant powder in coughs, colds,
+pneumonia, and oppressed breathing.
+
+
+                              AGUE DROPS.
+
+Take quinine, twenty grains; water, one ounce; sulphuric acid, twenty
+drops. Mix in a vial. Dose: A teaspoonful every hour or every two
+hours during the well day till all is taken. A certain cure for the
+ague, or chills and fever.
+
+
+                         SICK HEADACHE PILLS.
+
+Take Socotrine aloes, gamboge, and castile soap, of each one dram;
+ipecac and scammony, of each thirty grains; oil of anise, thirty
+drops. Make into sixty pills with a little mucilage, gum arabic or
+extract dandelion. Dose: One to three pills. Useful in sick headache,
+habitual costiveness, dizziness, sour stomach, and indigestion, and
+may be used whenever a good vegetable cathartic is needed. For an
+attack of headache, take three pills, and repeat in three hours if the
+first does not operate. Will invariably give relief.
+
+
+                        ANODYNE HEADACHE PILLS.
+
+Take extract of hyoscyamus, thirty grains; extract stramonium, ten
+grains; quinine, twenty grains; morphine, two grains. Mix well and
+make into twenty pills, adding a little powdered liquorice root, or
+any other innocent powder, if necessary, to thicken the mass. The
+pills are one of the best remedies known for nervous headache,
+neuralgia in the face or head, toothache and nervous and neuralgic
+pains in any part of the system, that I have ever used. Dose: One
+pill, for a grown person, and may be repeated every two or three hours
+till relief is obtained. The extract of belladonna may be used instead
+of the stramonium, in the same proportion, with equally good effect.
+
+
+                           RHEUMATIC PILLS.
+
+Take jalap, colchicum seeds, and gum guaiac, of each one dram.
+Pulverize and mix veil, and make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root (or berries). The dose is one or two pills three or four times a
+day. Good in all cases of chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, and
+the like.
+
+
+                           ANOTHER FOR SAME.
+
+Take macrotin and pulverized gum guaiac, of each one dram;
+podophyllin, ten grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root. Dose: One pill two or three times a day. An excellent pill for
+rheumatism and neuralgia.
+
+
+                         PILLS FOR DYSENTERY.
+
+Take rhubarb, ipecac, and castile soap, each thirty grains; pulverized
+opium, fifteen grains. Make into thirty pills with mucilage, gum
+arabic, or any other suitable substance. Dose: One pill every three to
+six hours for diarrhœa and dysentery. After three or four are taken
+they should not be taken oftener than once in six hours.
+
+
+                           ANOTHER FOR SAME.
+
+Take leptandrin, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty grains; morphine, four
+grains. Mix, and triturate well in a mortar so as to mix perfectly,
+and make into twenty pills with mucilage of gum arabic. Dose: In
+dysentery and diarrhœa, one pill every six to twelve hours. Two or
+three pills are generally sufficient to cure any ordinary case, if
+given during the early stage. They may be relied on in all cases and
+stages of bowel diseases, and especially in dysentery. A second pill
+may be given three hours after the first, a third six hours after the
+second; after that not oftener than once in twelve hours, and never
+more than one pill at a time.
+
+
+                           EPILEPTIC PILLS.
+
+Take sulphate of zinc, sixty grains; rhubarb and ipecac, each thirty
+grains; cayenne, sixty grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of
+hyoscyamus. Dose: One pill night and morning for one week, then leave
+off for a week, and then resume again, and so on every other week. An
+important remedy, and has cured many cases of epileptic fits when
+taken in the early stages.
+
+
+                           PILLS FOR ASTHMA.
+
+Take powdered elecampane root, powdered liquorice root, powdered anise
+seed, and sulphur, of each one dram. Make into ordinary sized pills
+with a sufficient quantity of tar, and take three or four pills at
+night on going to bed. This is an admirable remedy for asthma and
+shortness of breath.
+
+
+                            HYSTERIC PILLS.
+
+Take asafœtida and carbonate of ammonia, of each one dram;
+pulverized opium and macrotin, of each thirty grains. Melt the first
+two articles over the fire, and then stir in the others. Mix well and
+make into sixty pills. Dose: One or two pills, in cases of hysteric
+fits, every two or three hours; also good in female nervous attacks
+and spasmodic affections.
+
+
+                     PILLS FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.
+
+Take pulverized skunk cabbage root, two drams; pulverized extract of
+liquorice, one dram; sanguinaria and macrotin, of each thirty grains.
+Make into large sized pills (say from eighty to one hundred) with a
+sufficient quantity of tar, and take one pill from three to six times
+a day, and continue for several weeks if necessary. One of the best
+remedies known for chronic bronchitis, and what is sometimes called
+“clergyman's sore throat.”
+
+
+                         PILLS FOR NEURALGIA.
+
+Hyoscyamus, extract of, one dram; extract of aconite, thirty grains;
+macrotin, twenty grains; morphine, five grains. Make into forty pills,
+thickening the mass, if necessary, with a little powdered liquorice or
+ginger. Dose: One pill every three hours till relief is obtained. Good
+in neuralgia and all severe nervous pains.
+
+
+                        BLEEDING AT THE LUNGS.
+
+Eat freely of raw table salt, or take a teaspoonful three or four
+times a day of equal parts of powdered loaf sugar and rosin, or boil
+an ounce of dried yellow dock root in a pint of milk. Take a cupful
+two or three times a day.
+
+
+                           FOR CONSUMPTION.
+
+Take a teaspoonful of the expressed juice of horehound (the herb) and
+mix it with a gill of new milk. Drink it warm every morning. If
+persevered in it will perform wonders.
+
+
+                             COUGH SYRUP.
+
+Take horehound herb, elecampane root, spikenard root, ginseng root,
+black cohosh, and skunk cabbage root, of each a good-sized handful.
+Bruise and cover with spirits or whisky, and let stand ten days; then
+put all in a suitable vessel, add about four quarts of water and
+simmer slowly over a fire (but don't boil) for twelve hours, or till
+reduced to about three pints, then strain and add one pint of strained
+honey, half a pint each of number six, tincture lobelia, and tincture
+bloodroot (the vinegar or acetic tincture of bloodroot is the best)
+and four ounces of strong essence of anise, and you will have one of
+the best cough syrups known. Dose: A tablespoonful three to six times
+a day, according to circumstances. Good in all kinds of coughs and
+incipient consumption.
+
+
+                        SOOTHING COUGH MIXTURE.
+
+Take mucilage of gum arabic, oil of sweet almonds, syrup of balsam
+tolu, and wine of ipecac, of each one ounce; tincture of opium, half
+an ounce. Dose: For a grown person, one to two teaspoonfuls as often
+as required.
+
+
+                            COUGH MIXTURE.
+
+Take extract of liquorice, one ounce, powdered; nitrate of potash
+(saltpetre) and muriate of ammonia, of each two drams. Dissolve in
+half a pint of boiling water, and when cool add wine of ipecac, syrup
+of balsam tolu, and essence of anise, of each one ounce. Dose: From a
+teaspoonful to a tablespoonful several times a day. An excellent
+remedy for bronchitis, colds, and catarrhal coughs.
+
+
+                         EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.
+
+Take pulverized lobelia (seed or herb), powdered bloodroot, and
+powdered rattleroot (black cohosh), of each three ounces; alcohol and
+good vinegar, of each one pint. Digest for ten days or two weeks, then
+strain or filter and add four ounces each of wine of ipecac and
+tincture balsam of tolu and one ounce strong essence of anise. A
+portion of honey may be added if preferred. Dose: One to two
+teaspoonfuls repeated as often as circumstances require. Highly useful
+as an expectorant in coughs, colds, and all affections of the lungs.
+
+
+                      COMPOUND TINCTURE OF MYRRH.
+
+Take best gum myrrh, eight ounces; cayenne, balsam of fir, and
+nutmegs, of each one ounce; good brandy, two quarts. Bruise the solid
+articles, and let stand two weeks to digest (shake it once or twice
+every day), then strain or filter. Or, it may be made for immediate
+use by putting the whole in a stone jug and placing this in a warm
+sand bath or in a vessel of boiling water for twenty-four hours,
+shaking frequently. Dose: A teaspoonful is an ordinary dose for a
+grown person. Good in colic, pains in the stomach and bowels,
+diarrhœa, headache, sick stomach, and wherever a powerful stimulant
+is indicated. It is also valuable as a wash or external application
+for sprains, bruises, and foul ulcers and old sores. It is a
+preparation that no family should be without.
+
+
+                   SURE REMEDY FOR BOWEL COMPLAINTS.
+
+Take half an ounce bruised turkey rhubarb and half an ounce saleratus,
+steep or simmer slowly for fifteen minutes in a pint of water, strain
+and add a teacupful of white sugar, and heat again to dissolve; then
+add sixty drops oil of peppermint dissolved in one ounce of alcohol.
+Dose: From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every hour till relieved.
+An excellent remedy for diarrhœa, dysentery, and especially adapted
+to the bowel complaints of young children.
+
+
+                    CORDIAL FOR SUMMER COMPLAINTS.
+
+Take cloves, allspice, and cinnamon bark, of each half an ounce; white
+oak bark, one ounce. Bruise all, and boil in one quart of water down
+to half a pint; strain, add four ounces white sugar, dissolve by
+melting, then add half as much good brandy as there is of the liquid.
+Dose: One, two or three teaspoonfuls three to six times a day or
+oftener, according to age and urgency of symptoms. An infallible cure
+for cholera infantum, or summer complaints of children, and for all
+bowel complaints.
+
+
+                           SCROFULOUS SYRUP.
+
+Take yellow dock root, two pounds; stillingia root and bark of
+bittersweet root, of each one pound. Boil slowly in three or four
+gallons of water down to three quarts; strain, and add six pounds of
+white sugar. Dose: Half a wineglass three times a day. A valuable
+remedy for scrofula, and all scrofulous skin diseases, as tetter,
+herpes, leprosy, and the like; also a valuable alterative in all
+constitutional diseases.
+
+
+                               EYEWATER.
+
+Take half an ounce each of green tea and lobelia herb, and tincture a
+few days in four ounces of alcohol and water, equal parts. An
+invaluable eyewater for weak eyes and all kinds of sore and inflamed
+eyes. Use it two or three times a day.
+
+
+                       TINCTURE FOR RHEUMATISM.
+
+Take pulverized gum guaiac and allspice, of each four ounces;
+bloodroot, pulverized, two ounces; pearlash, one ounce; fourth proof
+brandy, one quart. Let stand and digest three or four days, shaking it
+two or three times a day. Dose: A teaspoonful three or four times a
+day, in a little milk, syrup or wine. An almost infallible remedy for
+rheumatism.
+
+
+                             WORM ELIXIR.
+
+Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage leaves, and
+tansy leaves, of each half an ounce. Tincture in a pint of brandy for
+two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to once a
+month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms as long
+as you do this.
+
+
+                     DR. JORDAN'S CHOLERA REMEDY.
+
+Take gum guaiac, prickly ash berries (or double as much bark of the
+root), cloves, and cinnamon bark, of each two ounces; gum camphor and
+gum myrrh, of each one ounce; gum kino, half an ounce. Reduce all to a
+coarse powder and add to one quart of best French brandy. Let it stand
+ten days or two weeks to digest, shaking the bottle two or three times
+a day to keep the ingredients from becoming impacted at the bottom;
+then strain and press out, and then take oil anise and oil peppermint,
+of each two drams; alcohol, four ounces. Mix the oils and alcohol
+together in a bottle and shake well till they are cut, then add to the
+former, and it is ready for use. Dose: From one to two teaspoonfuls
+every five, ten, fifteen or thirty minutes, according to the urgency
+of the symptoms. In cholera it should be given frequently, and if
+there are nausea and vomiting small doses are preferable; a single
+teaspoonful every five minutes till urgent symptoms are checked, then
+give it less frequently. It should always be given alone, unmixed with
+anything else. In ordinary diarrhœa, one or two teaspoonfuls taken
+once an hour will be sufficient. It is also an excellent remedy for
+colic and pains in the stomach and bowels, and will generally settle
+the stomach very soon in case of vomiting or nausea. It should always
+be kept in the house. Where it is needed for immediate use, it may be
+made in an hour or less by using alcohol instead of brandy and by
+boiling all in a stone jug, uncorked, by placing the jug in a vessel
+of boiling water, shaking or stirring frequently.
+
+
+                            PILE OINTMENT.
+
+Take say a teacupful of hog's lard, put in a flat or pewter dish, and
+take two bars of lead, flattened a little, and rub the lard with the
+flat ends and between them till it becomes black or of a dark lead
+color. Then burn equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old shoeleather
+in an iron vessel till charred. Powder these and mix into the lard
+till it becomes a thick ointment. Use once or twice a day as an
+ointment for the piles. An infallible cure.
+
+
+                           WARTS AND CORNS.
+
+The bark of the common willow burnt to ashes, mixed with strong
+vinegar and applied to the parts, will remove all warts, corns, and
+other excrescences.
+
+
+                               DEAFNESS.
+
+It is seldom that the power of hearing once entirely lost can ever be
+restored, and not always that even partial deafness can be cured,
+though it may often be relieved. Partial deafness is frequently owing
+to the accumulation and hardening in the ear of the ear wax, which may
+generally be remedied by dropping into the ear such articles as are
+calculated to soften, relax, and stimulate. For this purpose the
+following preparations are recommended as the best:
+
+Take sulphuric ether, one ounce, and add to it one dram pulverized
+carbonate of ammonia. Let it stand a few days to form a solution. If
+it does not all dissolve, pour off carefully the liquid from the
+dregs, and of this liquid drop into the ear once a day from three to
+six drops. The patient should lay his head upon the opposite side at
+the time, and remain in that position a few minutes to allow the
+liquid to penetrate. This preparation is highly recommended, and if
+persevered in will, it is said, overcome almost any partial deafness
+or greatly relieve it.
+
+
+                               ANOTHER.
+
+Take pure olive oil, say one ounce, and half an ounce each of the
+tincture of lobelia and tincture of cayenne. Mix; and from a warm
+teaspoon drop into the ear four to six drops of this twice a day,
+shaking the vial well always before using it. This is relaxing,
+softening, and stimulating, and in all ordinary cases will answer the
+purpose. Turkey oil (or grease) is said to be still better than olive
+oil and may be used instead of it in this preparation. The following
+remedy, long kept a secret, is said to be infallible where it is
+possible for anything to effect a cure:
+
+Take a common eel, remove the skin and intestines, and hang it up
+before the fire and let the oil drip into a pan or vessel. When done
+dripping, bottle the oil, and of this drop into the ear once a day or
+twice a day five or six drops from a warm teaspoon. I have heard
+remarkable accounts of the efficacy of this remedy, and doubt not but
+it is good. I believe it has never been published but once before. The
+secret was obtained with some difficulty from an old negro.
+
+
+                          INVERTED TOE-NAIL.
+
+This is a very troublesome and often painful affection. The edges or
+sides of the nail are disposed to turn down and grow into the flesh,
+giving rise to inflammation, ulceration, and often great pain and
+suffering. The best remedy I have ever known in this difficulty is to
+scrape with some sharp-pointed instrument, as the point of a penknife,
+a sort of groove or gutter in the center of the nail lengthways from
+the root to the end. It must be scraped down to near the quick, or as
+thin as it can be borne. This renders the nail “weak in the back,” so
+that it will gradually and ultimately turn up at the sides until the
+edges come above and over the flesh. Continue this as fast as the nail
+grows out and grows thicker, and you will eventually succeed in
+getting the nail in its proper shape and position. It will be proper
+to poultice if there is much inflammation, and also apply healing
+salve. If ulceration, bathe the part also occasionally with tinctures
+aloes, myrrh, and opium, equal parts mixed.—_Gunn's Domestic
+Physician._
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+
+                       THINGS FOR THE SICK ROOM.
+
+
+Many people are ignorant of what constitutes good, nourishing,
+refreshing food and drink for sick people. The following dishes are
+all palatable and nourishing, and are very refreshing to an invalid.
+Every one should have these recipes for “Things for the sick room”:
+
+
+                             BARLEY WATER.
+
+Pearl barley, two ounces; boiling water, two quarts. Boil to one
+quart, and strain. If desirable, a little lemon juice and sugar may be
+added. This may be taken freely in all inflammatory and eruptive
+diseases: measles, scarlet fever, small-pox, etc.
+
+
+                              RICE WATER.
+
+Rice, two ounces; water, two quarts. Boil one hour and a half, and add
+sugar and nutmeg to suit the taste. When milk is added to this it
+makes a very excellent diet for children. Should the bowels be too
+loose, boil the milk before adding.
+
+
+                               SAGE TEA.
+
+Dried leaves of sage, half an ounce; boiling water, one quart. Infuse
+for half an hour, and strain. May add sugar if desired. Balm,
+peppermint, spearmint, and other teas are made in the same way.
+
+
+                     A REFRESHING DRINK IN FEVERS.
+
+Boil one ounce and a half of tamarind, two ounces of stoned raisins,
+and three ounces of cranberries in three pints of water until two
+pints remain. Strain, and add a small piece of fresh lemon peel, which
+must be removed in half an hour.
+
+
+                           ARROWROOT JELLY.
+
+Stir a tablespoonful of arrowroot powders into half a cupful of cold
+water, pour in a pint of boiling water, let it stand five or ten
+minutes and then sweeten and flavor it to suit the taste.
+
+
+                           IRISH MOSS JELLY.
+
+Irish moss, half an ounce; fresh milk, one and a half pints. Boil down
+to one pint. Strain, and add sugar and lemon juice sufficient to give
+it an agreeable flavor.
+
+
+                           ISINGLASS JELLY.
+
+Isinglass, two ounces; water, two pints. Boil to one pint; strain, and
+add one pint milk and one ounce of white sugar. This is excellent for
+persons recovering from sickness, and for children who have bowel
+complaints.
+
+
+                            TAPIOCA JELLY.
+
+Tapioca, two large spoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently for an
+hour, or until it appears like a jelly. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg,
+with lemon juice to flavor.
+
+
+                              RICE JELLY.
+
+Mix a quarter of a pound of rice, picked and washed, with half a pound
+of loaf sugar and just sufficient water to cover it. Boil until it
+assumes a jellylike appearance; strain, and season to suit the taste
+and condition of the patient.
+
+
+                                GRAPES.
+
+In all cases of fever, very ripe grapes of any kind are a beneficial
+article of diet, acting as both food and drink and possessing soothing
+and cooling qualities. They are also extremely grateful to every
+palate.
+
+
+                                TOAST.
+
+To make a most excellent toast for a reduced or convalescent patient,
+take bread twenty-four or thirty-six hours old, which has been made of
+a mixture of fine wheat flour and Indian meal and a pure yeast batter
+mixed with eggs. Toast it until of a delicate brown, and then (if the
+patient be not inclined to fever) immerse it in boiled milk and
+butter. If the patient be feverish, spread it lightly with cranberry
+jam or calves' foot jelly.
+
+
+                                 RICE.
+
+In all cases where a light and nice diet for patients who have been or
+are afflicted with diarrhœa or dysentery is required, rice, in
+almost any cooked form, is most agreeable and advantageous. It may be
+given with benefit to dyspeptics, unless costiveness accompanies the
+dyspepsia. To make rice pudding, take a teacupful of rice, and as much
+sugar, two quarts of milk, and a teaspoonful of salt. Bake, with a
+moderate heat, for two hours. Rice flour made in a batter and baked
+upon a griddle makes a superb cake; and rice-flour gruel, seasoned to
+the taste, is most excellent for the sick room.
+
+
+                             BREAD JELLY.
+
+Boil a quart of water and let it cool. Take one-third of a common loaf
+of wheat bread, slice it, pare off the crust, and toast it to a light
+brown. Put it in water in a covered vessel and boil gently till you
+find, on putting some in a spoon to cool, the liquid has become a
+jelly. Strain and cool. When used, warm a cupful, sweeten with sugar,
+and add a little grated lemon peel.
+
+
+                              RICE GRUEL.
+
+Ground rice, one heaping tablespoonful; water, one quart. Boil gently
+for twenty minutes, adding, a few minutes before it is done, one
+tablespoonful of ground cinnamon. Strain and sweeten. Wine may be
+added when the case demands it.
+
+
+                             WATER GRUEL.
+
+Oat or corn meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil for ten
+minutes and strain, adding salt and sugar if desired by the patient.
+
+
+                              SAGO GRUEL.
+
+Sago, two tablespoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently until it
+thickens; stir frequently. May add wine, sugar, and nutmeg, according
+to taste.
+
+
+                           ARROWROOT GRUEL.
+
+Arrowroot, one tablespoonful; sweet milk and boiling water, each one
+half pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. This is very good for children
+whose bowels are irritable.
+
+
+                               TAPIOCA.
+
+Tapioca is a very delightful food for invalids. Make an ordinary
+pudding of it, and improve the flavor agreeably to the desire of the
+patient or convalescent by adding raisins, sugar, prunes, lemon juice,
+wine, spices, etc.
+
+
+                             BEEF LIQUID.
+
+When the stomach is very weak, take fresh lean beef, cut it into
+strips and place the strips into a bottle with a little salt; place in
+a kettle of boiling water and let it remain one hour; pour off the
+liquid and add some water. Begin with a small quantity, and use in the
+same manner and under similar circumstances as beef tea. This is even
+more nourishing than beef tea.
+
+
+                               BEEF TEA.
+
+Cut one pound of lean beef into shreds, and boil for twenty minutes in
+one quart of water, being particular to remove the scum as often as
+any rises. When it is cool, strain. This is very nourishing and
+palatable, and is of great value in all cases of extreme debility
+where no inflammatory action exists, or after the inflammation is
+subdued. In very low cases a small teaspoonful may be administered
+every fifteen or twenty minutes, gradually increasing the amount given
+as the powers of life return. In cases of complete prostration, after
+the cessation of long exhausting fever it may be used as directed
+above, either alone or in conjunction with a little wine.
+
+
+                                PANADO.
+
+Put a little water on the fire, with a glass of wine, some sugar, and
+a little grated nutmeg; boil all together a few seconds, and add
+pounded cracker or crumbs of bread, and boil again for a few minutes.
+
+
+                         FRENCH MILK PORRIDGE.
+
+Stir some oatmeal and water together; let the mixture stand to clear,
+and pour off the water. Then put more water to the meal; stir it well,
+and let it stand till the next day. Strain through a fine sieve, and
+boil the water, adding milk while so doing. The proportion of water
+must be small. With toast this is admirable.
+
+
+                             COFFEE MILK.
+
+Put a dessertspoonful of ground coffee into a pint of milk; boil a
+quarter of an hour, with a shaving or two of isinglass; let it stand
+ten minutes, and then pour off.
+
+
+                          RESTORATIVE JELLY.
+
+Take a leg of well-fed pork just as cut up, beat it and break the
+bone; set it over a gentle fire, with three gallons of water and
+simmer to one. Let half an ounce of mace and the same of nutmeg stew
+in it. Strain through a fine sieve. When cold, take off the fat. Give
+a coffee cup of this three times a day, adding salt to the taste. This
+is very valuable in all cases of debility where animal food is
+admissible.
+
+
+                          DRINK IN DYSENTERY.
+
+Sheep's suet, two ounces; milk, one pint; starch, half an ounce. Boil
+gently for thirty minutes. Use as a common drink. This is excellent
+for sustaining the strength in bad cases of dysentery.
+
+
+                             CRUST COFFEE.
+
+Toast slowly a thick piece of bread cut from the outside of a loaf
+until it is well browned, but not blackened; then turn upon it boiling
+water of a sufficient quantity, and keep it from half an hour to an
+hour before using. Be sure that the liquid is of a rich brown color
+before you use it. It is a most excellent drink in all cases of
+sickness.
+
+
+                           CRANBERRY WATER.
+
+Put a teaspoonful of cranberries into a cup of water and mash them. In
+the meantime boil two quarts of water with one large spoonful of corn
+or oat meal and a bit of lemon peel; then add the cranberries and as
+much fine sugar as will leave a smart flavor of the fruit; also a
+wineglassful of sherry. Boil the whole gently for a quarter of an
+hour, then strain.
+
+
+                              WINE WHEY.
+
+Heat a pint of new milk until it boils, at which moment pour in as
+much good wine as will curdle and clarify it. Boil and set it aside
+until the curd subsides. Do not stir it, but pour the whey off
+carefully, and add two pints of boiling water with loaf sugar.
+
+
+                             ORANGE WHEY.
+
+Milk, one pint; the juice of an orange with a portion of the peel.
+Boil the milk, then put the orange into it and let it stand till it
+coagulates. Strain.
+
+
+                             MUSTARD WHEY.
+
+Bruised mustard seed, two tablespoonfuls; milk, one quart. Boil
+together for a few minutes until it coagulates, and strain to separate
+the curd. This is a very useful drink in dropsy. A teacupful may be
+taken at a dose, three times a day.
+
+
+                            CHICKEN BROTH.
+
+Take half a chicken, divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to
+this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Season with
+salt.
+
+
+                            VEGETABLE SOUP.
+
+Take one potato, one turnip and one onion, with a little celery or
+celery seed. Slice, and boil for an hour in one quart of water. Salt
+to the taste, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This forms
+a good substitute for animal food and may be used when the latter
+would be improper.
+
+
+                          CALVES'-FOOT JELLY.
+
+Boil two calf's feet in one gallon of water until reduced to one
+quart. Strain, and when cool skim carefully. Add the white of six or
+eight eggs, well beaten; a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar,
+and the juice of four lemons. Mix them well, boil for a few minutes,
+stirring constantly, and pass through a flannel strainer. In some
+cases the wine should be omitted.
+
+
+                          SLIPPERY ELM JELLY.
+
+Take of the flour of slippery elm, one or two tablespoonfuls; cold
+water, one pint. Stir until a jelly is formed. Sweeten with loaf sugar
+or honey. This is excellent for all diseases of the throat, chest, and
+lungs; coughs, colds, bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, etc. It
+is very nutritious and soothing.
+
+
+                           NUTRITIVE FLUIDS.
+
+Following will be found directions for preparing three nutritious
+fluids, which are of great value in all diseases, either acute or
+chronic, that are attended or followed by prostration; debility,
+whether general or of certain organs only; derangement of the
+digestive organs, weak stomach, indigestion, heartburn or sour
+stomach, constipated bowels, torpidity or want of activity of the
+liver, thin or poor blood. These fluids are highly nutritious,
+supplying to the blood, in such a form that they are most easily
+assimilated, the various elements which are needed to enrich it and
+thus enable it to reproduce the various tissues of the body that have
+been wasted by disease. In cases where the stomach has become so
+weakened and sensitive that the lightest food or drinks cannot be
+taken without causing much uneasiness and distress these fluids are
+invaluable. They strengthen the stomach and neutralize all undue
+acidity, while at the same time they soothe the irritation by their
+bland and demulcent qualities. When carefully and properly prepared,
+according to the directions following, they very nearly resemble rich
+new milk in color and consistency, while their taste is remarkably
+pleasant. Care should be taken that all the ingredients are of the
+best quality. Soft water must be used in all cases. Fresh rain water
+is to be preferred, but spring water may be used if perfectly soft.
+Hard water will cause the fluids to be of a yellow color, and if the
+milk is old they are apt to separate:
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 1.
+
+Put a pint of new milk (the fresher the better) and two pints of soft
+water, in a vessel perfectly free from all greasy matter, over a slow
+fire. Rub two even teaspoonfuls of superfine wheat flour and two
+teaspoonfuls of carbonate of magnesia, together with a little milk,
+into a soft batter, free from lumps; add this to the milk and water as
+soon as they begin to boil. Boil gently for five minutes—_no
+longer_—stirring constantly. Pour into an earthen or glass dish to
+cool, adding at the same time two teaspoonfuls of loaf sugar and one
+teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt, rubbed fine. Stir until
+cold. The fluid must not be allowed to remain in a metallic vessel of
+any kind, and it must be kept in a cool place.
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 2.
+
+Put one pint of fresh milk and two pints of soft water in a vessel
+over a slow fire. Rub together with a little fresh cream into a soft
+batter, free from lumps, one tablespoonful each of good sweet rye
+flour, ground rice, and pure starch; which add to the milk and water
+as soon as they begin to boil. Boil for five minutes, stirring
+constantly. Remove from the fire and add three teaspoonfuls of loaf
+sugar and one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt. Observe
+the same precautions as in No. 1.
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 3.
+
+Put in a vessel, over a slow fire, one pint of fresh milk and two
+pints of soft water. When they begin to boil, add one tablespoonful of
+wheat flour, two tablespoonfuls of pure starch, and two teaspoonfuls
+of carbonate of magnesia, rubbed, together with a little milk into a
+soft batter, free from lumps. Boil gently for five minutes, stirring
+constantly. Pour into an earthen vessel to cool, and add one
+teaspoonful of the best gum arabic dissolved in a little warm water,
+one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt, and one
+tablespoonful of pure strained honey. Stir until cold. The same
+precaution must be observed as in preparing No. 1.
+
+
+                              DIRECTIONS.
+
+One half pint or less of these fluids may be taken at a dose, and at
+least three pints should be taken during the day and the amount
+gradually increased to two or three quarts. Commence with No. 1 and
+use two weeks, then use No. 2 for the same length of time, after which
+No. 3 is to be used for two weeks. Continue their use as long as
+necessary, taking each for two weeks before changing. In all the
+diseases mentioned above, the use of these fluids, in connection with
+proper remedies, will insure a speedy restoration to health.
+
+
+                        GUM ACACIA RESTORATIVE.
+
+Take two ounces of pure white gum arabic (procure the lump, the
+powdered is very apt to be adulterated), pulverize it well, and
+dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat in a gill of water, stirring
+constantly. When it is entirely dissolved, add three tablespoonfuls of
+pure strained honey. Let it remain over the fire until it becomes of
+the consistency of a jelly. The heat must be very gentle, it must not
+boil. If desirable, flavor with lemon or vanilla. This will be found a
+very pleasant article of diet for a weak stomach. When the articles
+used are pure it will be transparent and of a light golden color. This
+will be borne by the weakest stomach when everything else is rejected.
+_It is highly nutritious._
+
+
+                            MALT INFUSION.
+
+Infuse one pint of ground malt for two hours in three pints of
+scalding water. The water should not be brought quite to the boiling
+point. Strain; add sugar, if desired; flavor with lemon juice. This is
+an excellent drink in inflammatory fevers, acute rheumatism, etc.
+
+
+                                 PEAS.
+
+Take young and fresh shelled green peas, wash them clean, put them
+into fresh water, just enough to cover them, and boil them till they
+take up nearly all the water. This dish, if prepared according to
+directions, and eaten warm, will not harm any invalid, not even one
+suffering from diarrhœa.
+
+
+                                 MILK.
+
+In some cases where a milk diet is advisable, owing to the peculiar
+condition of the patient's stomach it will cause distress. This is
+frequently the case where there is undue acidity. In such cases, let
+it be prepared in the following manner and it will be found to set
+well: Take a teacupful of fresh milk, heat nearly to boiling; dissolve
+in it a teaspoonful of loaf sugar; pour into a large sized tumbler,
+and add sufficient plain soda water to fill it. Prepared in the above
+directed manner it will be free from all unpleasant effects.
+
+
+                      SOUPS FOR THE CONVALESCENT.
+
+To extract the strength from meat, long and slow boiling is necessary;
+but care must be taken that the pot is never off the boil. All soups
+should be made the day before they are used, and they should then be
+strained into earthen pans. When soup has jellied in the pan, it
+should not be removed into another. When in danger of not keeping, it
+should be boiled up.
+
+
+                                 EGGS.
+
+In cases of extreme debility, eggs are most excellent. They should
+never be boiled hard. The best way to prepare them is to beat them
+well with milk and sugar. When it will be appropriate to the case, add
+some fine pale sherry wine.
+
+
+                           MILK FOR INFANTS.
+
+Fresh cow's milk, one part; water, two parts; sweeten with a very
+little loaf sugar. When children are raised by hand it is always
+necessary to dilute the milk. As the child advances in age the
+proportion of water stated above may be gradually lessened.
+
+
+                             WATER GRUEL.
+
+Corn or oat meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil ten or
+fifteen minutes, and strain. Add salt and sugar to suit the taste of
+the patient. This should be used freely during and after the operation
+of cathartic medicines.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XII.
+
+                      THINGS CURIOUS AND USEFUL.
+
+
+                      TO GET CLEAR OF MOSQUITOES.
+
+Take of gum camphor a piece about one-third the size of an egg and
+evaporate it over a lamp or candle, taking care that it does not
+ignite. The smoke will soon fill the room and expel the mosquitoes.
+
+
+                      HOW TO GET RID OF BEDBUGS.
+
+Bedbugs cannot stand hot alum water; indeed, alum seems to be death to
+them in any form. Take two pounds of alum, reduce it to a powder—the
+finer the better—and dissolve it in about four quarts of boiling
+water. Keep the water hot till the alum is all dissolved; then apply
+it hot to every joint, crevice and place about the bedstead, floor,
+skirting or washboard around the room, and every place where the bugs
+are likely to congregate, by means of a brush. A common syringe is an
+excellent thing to use in applying it to the bedstead. Apply the water
+as hot as you can. Apply it freely, and you will hardly be troubled
+any more that season with bugs. Whitewash the ceiling with plenty of
+dissolved alum in the wash, and there will be an end to their dropping
+down from thence on to your bed.
+
+
+               TO OBTAIN FRESH-BLOWN FLOWERS IN WINTER.
+
+Choose some of the most perfect buds of the flowers you would
+preserve, such as are latest in blowing and ready to open. Cut them
+off with a pair off scissors, leaving to each, if possible, apiece of
+stem about three inches long. Cover the end of the stem immediately
+with sealing wax, and when the buds are a little shrunk and wrinkled
+wrap up each of them separately in a piece of paper perfectly clean
+and dry and lock them up in a dry box or drawer, and they will keep
+without corrupting.
+
+In winter or at any time when you would have the flowers blow, take
+the buds at night and cut off the end of the stem sealed with wax and
+put the buds in water wherein a little nitre or salt has been
+diffused, and the next day you will have the pleasure of seeing the
+buds opening and expanding themselves and the flowers display their
+most lively colors and breathe their agreeable odors.
+
+
+                TO INCREASE THE LAYING OF EGGS IN HENS.
+
+Pulverized Cayenne pepper, half an ounce, to be given to one dozen
+hens, mixed with their food every second day.
+
+
+        THE NEW AND BEAUTIFUL ART OF TRANSFERRING ON TO GLASS.
+
+Colored or plain engravings, photographs, lithographs, water colors,
+oil colors, crayons, steel plates, newspaper cuts, mezzotints, pencil,
+writing, show cards, labels, or, in fact, anything.
+
+
+                              DIRECTIONS.
+
+Take glass that is perfectly clear (window glass will answer), clean
+it thoroughly; then varnish it, taking care to have it perfectly
+smooth; place it where it will be perfectly free from dust; let it
+stand over night, then take your engraving, lay it in clear water
+until it is wet through (say ten or fifteen minutes), then lay it upon
+a newspaper, that the moisture may dry from the surface and still keep
+the other side damp. Immediately varnish your glass the second time,
+then place your engraving upon it, pressing it down firmly, so as to
+exclude every particle of air; next, rub the paper from the back until
+it is of uniform thickness, so thin that you can see through it, then
+varnish it the third time and let it dry.
+
+These transferred pictures make lovely ornaments for table, bracket,
+mantel, etc.
+
+
+                   MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE VARNISH.
+
+Take two ounces balsam of fir to one ounce spirits of turpentine.
+Apply with a camel's-hair brush.
+
+
+               TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY FLIES.
+
+Boil three handfuls of walnut leaves in three quarts of water; sponge
+the horse (before going out of the stable) between and upon the ears,
+neck, and flank.
+
+
+                 TO PREVENT FLIES LIGHTING ON WINDOWS,
+                        PICTURES, MIRRORS, ETC.
+
+No fly will light on a window or other article which has been washed
+in water in which garlic has been boiled.
+
+
+                     TO MAKE LEATHER WEAR FOREVER.
+
+Let it receive as much neat's-foot oil as it will take. If regularly
+repeated every three months, leather so treated seems to be impervious
+to outward action and will last for years.
+
+
+                      TO RENDER PAPER FIREPROOF.
+
+Whether the paper be plain, written, printed, or even marbled,
+stained, or painted for paper hangings, dip it in a strong solution of
+alum water and thoroughly dry it. In this state it will be fireproof.
+
+
+                     TO PREPARE WATERPROOF BOOTS.
+
+Take three ounces of spermaceti and melt it in an earthen pot over a
+slow fire; add thereto six drains of India rubber cut into slices, and
+after it dissolves add of tallow, eight ounces; amber varnish, four
+ounces. Mix it, and it will be ready for use immediately.
+
+
+                         TO CURE DRUNKENNESS.
+
+Keep the patient for one week freely dosed with figwort. This is a
+sure cure.
+
+
+                           TO CURE LAZINESS.
+
+Give the patient an occasional dose of ferri. The sulphate of ferri is
+the best. It acts on the liver and vital organs, and is a sure cure
+for laziness.
+
+
+             TO EXTRACT THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ANY FLOWER.
+
+Take any flower you like, which stratify with common salt in a clean
+glazed pot; when filled to the top, cover it well and carry it to the
+cellar; forty days afterwards put a crape over a pan and empty the
+whole to strain the essence from the flowers by pressure. Bottle this
+essence, and expose it for four or five weeks in the sun and dew of
+the evening to purify. One single drop of this essence is enough to
+scent a whole quart of water.
+
+
+                       TO TAKE LEAF PHOTOGRAPHS.
+
+A very pretty amusement, especially for those who have just completed
+the study of botany, is the taking of leaf photographs. One very
+simple process is this: At any druggist's get an ounce of bichromate
+of potassium. Put this into a pint bottle of water. When the solution
+becomes saturated—that is, the water has dissolved as much as it
+will—pour off some of the clear liquid into a shallow dish; on this
+float a piece of ordinary writing paper till it is thoroughly
+moistened, and let it dry in the dark. It should be of a bright yellow
+color. On this put the leaf, under it a piece of black soft cloth and
+several sheets of newspaper. Put these between two pieces of glass
+(all the pieces should be of the same size) and with spring
+clothespins fasten them together. Expose to a bright sun, placing the
+leaf so that the rays will fall upon it as nearly perpendicular as
+possible. In a few moments it will begin to turn brown; but it
+requires from half an hour to several hours to produce a perfect
+print. When it has become dark enough, take it from the frame and put
+it into clear water, which must be changed every few minutes until the
+yellow part becomes white. Sometimes the veinings will be quite
+distinct. By following these directions it is scarcely possible to
+fail, and a little practice will make perfect.
+
+
+                  TO MAKE LAMP WICKS INDESTRUCTIBLE.
+
+Steep common wicks in a concentrated aqueous solution of tungstate of
+soda, and then dry thoroughly in an oven.
+
+
+                 TO MAKE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PERFUMES.
+
+                      BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS.
+
+Deodorized alcohol, one pint; nice white bar soap, four ounces. Shave
+the soap when put in; stand in a warm place till dissolved; then add
+oil of citronella, one dram, and oils of neroli and rosemary, of each
+one-half dram.
+
+
+                             FRANGAPANNI.
+
+Spirits, one gallon; oil of bergamot, one ounce; oil of lemon, one
+ounce: Macerate for four days, frequently shaking; then add water, one
+gallon; orange flower water, one pint; essence of vanilla, two ounces.
+Mix.
+
+
+                             JOCKEY CLUB.
+
+Spirits of wine, five gallons; orange flower water, one gallon; balsam
+of Peru, four ounces; essence of bergamot, eight ounces; essence of
+musk, eight ounces; essence of cloves, four ounces; essence of neroli,
+two ounces. Mix.
+
+
+                              LADY'S OWN.
+
+Spirits of wine, one gallon; otto of roses, twenty drops; essence of
+thyme, one-half ounce; essence of neroli, one-quarter ounce; essence
+of vanilla, one-half ounce; essence of bergamot, one-quarter ounce;
+orange flower water, six ounces. Mix.
+
+
+                              UPPER TEN.
+
+Spirits of wine, four quarts; essence of cedrate, two drams; essence
+violets, one-quarter ounce; essence of neroli, one-half ounce; otto of
+roses, twenty drops; orange flower essence, one ounce; oil of
+rosemary, thirty drops; oils of bergamot and neroli, each one-half
+ounce. Mix.
+
+If you wish to make a small quantity of any of the above perfumes, use
+small quantities of the ingredients, preserving the same proportions.
+
+
+                       TO WRITE SECRET LETTERS.
+
+Put five cents' worth of citrate of potassa in an ounce vial of clear
+cold water. This forms an invisible fluid. Let it dissolve, and you
+can use on paper of any color. Use goose quill in writing. When you
+wish the writing to become visible, hold it to a red-hot stove.
+
+
+                   TO PRESERVE FLOWERS SO THAT THEIR
+                      BEAUTY WILL LAST FOR YEARS.
+
+Make a strong solution of gum arabic, two ounces of the gum to one
+pint of boiling water; shake until dissolved; then take your flowers
+and immerse in the solution, taking care that every part is well wet
+with the solution. When dry, repeat the operation. Do this three
+times. Flowers treated thus will last for years.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+
+                           HOME DECORATION.
+
+
+The chief features to be observed in house furnishing are color, form,
+and proportion. All stiffness of design in furniture should be
+avoided. Do not attempt to match articles, but rather carry out the
+same idea as to color and form in the whole. It is not _en règle_ to
+have decorations in sets or pairs; the arrangements should all be done
+with odd pieces. Every room in the house should be arranged for
+occupancy, having nothing too good for use, and the judicious
+housewife will follow a medium course and adopt no extreme of fashion.
+
+The style and arrangement of the furniture should correspond with the
+size of the room, with a due regard to the place a piece of furniture
+or ornament will occupy. The order of arrangement in furnishing is
+subject to individual taste, but the following suggestions may not be
+inappropriate:—
+
+In decorating a dining-room, deep, rich tones should be used; a
+drawingroom or parlor should have bright, cheerful shades; in a
+library use deep, rich colors, which give a sense of worth; a
+sleeping-room should have light, pleasing tints, which give a feeling
+of repose.
+
+
+                               THE HALL.
+
+The hall being the index to the whole house, due care should therefore
+be given to its furnishing. Light colors and gilding should be
+avoided. The wall and ceiling decorations now mostly used are in dark,
+rich colors, shaded in maroons or deep reds. Plain tinted walls and
+ceilings in fresco or wainscot are also frequently used. The latest
+shades of wall paper come in wood colors, dark olive-greens, stone
+color, and grays, in tile, arabesque and landscape designs, and with
+these are used a corresponding dado and frieze.
+
+A tile or inlaid floor is the most appropriate, but if circumstances
+do not admit of one of these, a floor stained a deep wood-brown, base
+board and moldings to correspond, may be substituted; when India
+mattings and rugs may be used.
+
+The colors now in vogue for hall carpets are crimson or Pompeiian
+reds, with small figures of moss-green or peacock-blue. The prevailing
+shades of the walls and floor should be incorporated in the stair
+carpet.
+
+If the hall is narrow, none but the most essential pieces of furniture
+should be used; but if wide enough, there may be a lounge placed
+against one of the walls, an old-fashioned clock of the cuckoo style
+set in a quiet corner, two high-backed chairs upholstered in leather,
+a table, an umbrella-stand placed near the door, a jardinière filled
+with tropical plants set near the foot of the stairway, and a hall
+mirror with a deer's head and antlers placed above it and a wooden or
+marble slab underneath. The slab should be covered with a Roman scarf,
+allowing a fall of twelve inches at each end. The hatrack must also
+find a place. Family portraits or a few well-selected pictures are
+appropriate for these walls.
+
+If the door-lights are not stained glass, lace shades in designs of
+birds, cupids, and garlands of flowers are used; also, etchings in
+various colors and designs are worked on different fabrics. Crimson
+silk shades lined with black netting are very desirable, as the light
+penetrating through them fills the hall with a rich, subdued glow.
+
+
+                              THE PARLOR.
+
+The furnishing of the parlor should be subject to its architectural
+finish. The first things to be considered are the walls and floor. The
+former may be decorated in fresco or papered, according to individual
+taste and means. The prettiest styles of parlor paper are light tints
+of gray, olive, pearl, and lavender grounds, and in small scroll
+patterns, panels, birds, and vines, finished in heavy gold traceries,
+with dado and frieze to correspond.
+
+The styles of carpet mostly used are Brussels, Wilton, tapestry, and
+Axminster. A tapestry carpet in light canary ground, with clusters of
+lotus, or begonia leaves, makes a charming background to almost all
+the colors generally used in upholstery.
+
+In selecting the furniture, the first thought should be given to its
+true worth. Chairs and couches should be chosen for comfort rather
+than for style. They should be of solid make, easy, graceful, and of
+good, serviceable colors and materials. The most serviceable woods to
+select in frames are ebony, oak, walnut, cherry, and mahogany. These
+frames are finished in different styles—plain, carved, inlaid, and
+gilt—and are upholstered in all shades of satin, plush, rep, silk,
+and damask. These come at prices within the means of a slender purse.
+That slippery abomination in the shape of haircloth furniture should
+be avoided. The latest design in parlor furniture is in the Turkish
+style, the upholstery being made to cover the frame. Rich Oriental
+colors in woolen and silk brocades are mostly used, and the trimmings
+are cord and tassels or heavy fringe.
+
+Formerly the parlor appointments were all in sets or pairs, but this
+fashion is no longer observed, as the most tastefully arranged parlor
+has now no two pieces of furniture alike; but two easy-chairs placed
+opposite each other are never out of place. Here may stand an
+embroidered ottoman, there a quaint little chair, a divan can take
+some central position; a cottage piano, covered with some embroidered
+drapery, may stand at one end of the room, while an ebony or mahogany
+cabinet, with its panel mirrors and quaint brasses, may be placed at
+the other end, its racks and shelves affording an elegant display for
+pretty pieces of bric-a-brac.
+
+Marble-topped center-tables are no longer in use. Tables in inlaid
+woods, or hand-painted, are used for placing books or albums on. A
+small, airy-looking table, elaborately mounted in gilt, may stand near
+a window or wall. The mantel mirror, with its beveled edges and small
+racks arranged on each side, looks very effective when decorated with
+pretty oddities—ferns, grasses, and pieces of old china. A jardinière
+filled with living plants and placed near a bay window makes an
+elegant ornament. Care should be taken in arranging that the room be
+not over-crowded. There should be a few good pictures or painted
+plaques mounted in plush hung on the walls; a portrait may be placed
+on a common easel and draped with a scarf in old gold or peacock-blue,
+and tiny lambrequins, painted or embroidered, may hang beneath a
+bracket supporting a bust or flower-vase.
+
+An embroidered scarf with fringed ends may be placed on the back of a
+chair or sofa in place of the old lace tidy. A sack made of small
+pieces of bright-colored plush or silk in crazy work may be flung
+across the table, the ends drooping very low. The mantelpiece may be
+covered with a corresponding sash, over which place a small clock as
+centerpiece and arrange ornaments on each side—statuettes, bannerets,
+flower-holders, small Japanese fans, pieces of odd china, painted
+candles in small scenes, may all find a place on the mantel.
+
+Window curtains of heavy fabric, hung from brass or plush mounted
+poles, may be gracefully draped to the sides, while the inner lace
+ones should be hung straight and be fastened in the center with some
+ornament or bow of ribbon corresponding in shade to the general tone
+of the room. The straight shades next to the glass may correspond in
+tone to the outside walls or window-facings; but this is a mere matter
+of taste. White or light-tinted shades, finished in etching or narrow
+lace, are always in vogue.
+
+The dado shades are the latest innovation in window decoration. These
+come in all colors, from the lightest to the darkest shades, with dado
+in tile, arabesque and fresco patterns, finished in lace, fringe, and
+brasses.
+
+Portières (curtain doors) have superseded folding doors. These should
+be in shades to contrast with the general blending of the colors in
+the room. The fabrics mostly used are India goods, but they may be of
+any material, from expensive tapestries, satins, and plushes, to
+ten-cent factory cottons. The curtains, if made from striped tapestry
+and Turcoman, will give the finishing artistic touches to almost any
+room, but the last softening polish comes only from the genial
+presence of trailing and climbing vines.
+
+
+                           THE SITTING-ROOM.
+
+The sitting or everyday room should be the brightest and most
+attractive room in the house. Its beauty of decoration should not be
+so much in the richness and variety of material as in its comfort,
+simplicity, and the harmony of its tints—the main features being the
+fitness of each article to the needs of the room. In these days of so
+many advantages much can be done in adornment by simple means.
+
+The wall papers mostly used come in grounds of cream, amber, rose,
+pale olive, fawn, ceil blue and light gray, with designs and traceries
+of contrasting hues.
+
+The carpet, if in tapestry, looks more effective if in grounds of pale
+canary or light gray, with designs in bright-colored woodland flowers
+and borders to match. The new ingrain carpets, with their pretty
+designs and bright colors, are very fashionable for rooms that are
+much used.
+
+Whatever may be the prevailing tint of the carpet, the window curtains
+should follow it up in lighter tones or contrast with it. The curtains
+may correspond with the coverings of the chairs, sofa, mantel and
+table draperies in color and fabric. If the furniture is of wicker,
+bamboo or rattan, the curtains should be of Japanese or any kind of
+Oriental goods. Curtains of muslin (either white or tinted),
+gay-colored chintzes, lace or dotted Swiss muslin, looped back with
+bright-toned ribbons, look very pretty and are appropriate for the
+sitting-room at almost any season. That clumsy structure called the
+cornice, for putting up curtains on, has happily given place to the
+more light and graceful curtain pole.
+
+One large table, covered with a pretty embroidered cloth, should be
+placed in some central location for a catch-all. A low divan, with a
+pair of square, soft pillows, may stand in some quiet nook; a rocker,
+handsomely upholstered, with a pretty tidy pinned to its back; a
+large, soft easy-chair; a small sewing-chair placed near a table; and
+a bamboo chair, trimmed with ribbons, will be tastefully arranged in
+the room. Window stands and gypsy tables may be draped with some rich
+fabric, the surrounding valance being caught up in small festoons and
+fastened with bows or tassels, finished around the edge of the table
+with cord or quilted ribbon.
+
+If the furniture is old or in sets it can be covered with different
+patterns in cretonne or chintz, which not only protects the furniture
+but breaks up the monotony and lends a pleasing variety to the room. A
+Turkish chair is a grand accessory to the family room. This may be
+made by buying the frame and having it upholstered in white cotton
+cloth and covering it with a rich shade of cretonne, finishing it with
+cord and fringe.
+
+A foot-rest frame can be made in the same way and covered with a piece
+of homemade embroidery, finishing it off with a cord or narrow gimp
+around the edge. Homemade easels, screens, and pedestals may be made
+out of black walnut, and when stained and draped look exceedingly
+pretty. An old second-hand cabinet may be bought at a trifle, and when
+polished up may be set in a corner on which to display some pieces of
+bric-a-brac.
+
+If the house has no library, the sitting-room is just the place for
+the bookcase.
+
+With house plants in the windows, a room of this character, with
+floods of sunshine, makes a most attractive and comfortable
+living-room.
+
+
+                             THE LIBRARY.
+
+The walls of the library should be hung with rich, dark colors, the
+latest style in wall paper being a black ground with old gold and
+olive-green designs.
+
+The carpet comes in Pompeiian red, with moss-green and peacock-blue
+patterns. Statuary and the best pictures should find a place in the
+library. The library table should be massive and the top laid with
+crimson baize. There should be a few high-backed chairs, upholstered
+in leather, a reading-chair, soft rugs, foot-rests, a mantel mirror, a
+few mantel ornaments, and the _piece de resistance_—the bookcase. In
+large libraries the bookcases are built in the wall. It is quite in
+vogue to hang curtains on rods in front of bookcases instead of doors,
+but we think the old style is the best, inasmuch as the books may be
+seen and the glass doors exclude the dust.
+
+Heavy curtains of raw silk, Turcoman, and canton flannel, with a full
+valance at the top, are used for the window drapery.
+
+
+                               CHAMBERS.
+
+The walls of bedrooms should be decorated in light tints and shadings,
+with a narrow rail and deep frieze. Most housekeepers prefer rugs and
+oiled floors to carpets, but this is a matter of individual taste.
+Rugs are as fashionable as they are wholesome and tidy. These
+floor-coverings should be darker than the furniture, yet blending in
+shade. If carpets are chosen they should be the lightest shades and in
+bright field-flower patterns. Avoid anything dark and somber for the
+sleeping-room. Pink and ceil blue combined are very pretty, scarlet
+and gray, deep red and very light blue. Dark blue with sprays of lily
+of the valley running through it is exceedingly pretty for bedrooms.
+Dark furniture will harmonize with all these colors, but the lighter
+shades are preferable. Cretonnes in pale tints and chintzes in
+harmonizing colors are used for light woods. Square pillows of
+cretonne on a bamboo or wicker lounge are very pretty. Canton matting
+is often used, either plain or in colored patterns.
+
+Formerly the bed-coverings were spotlessly white, but the profluent
+tide of color has included these also. The coverings now in vogue are:
+Nottingham lace, darned net, applique, antique lace, and Swiss muslin.
+These are used over silk and silesia for backgrounds, and are
+exceedingly pretty, with pillow shams to match. Cretonnes, chintzes,
+dimities, and silk in crazy work and South Kensington patterns are
+also used.
+
+Cheese cloth, bunting, Swiss muslin, cretonne, and Swiss curtains are
+used for window drapery. These may be trimmed with the same fabric or
+antique lace. They are hung on poles above the windows and draped back
+with ribbons.
+
+The appointments of a bedroom are a low couch, a large rocker, a small
+sewing-chair, a workbasket, footstools, a toilet table prettily draped
+with muslin, or a dressing-case, brackets for vases, flowerpots, a few
+pictures, small table, hanging shelves for books, etc., and the bed.
+
+The washstand should have a full set of toilet mats, or a large towel
+with a colored border may be laid on it; also, a splasher placed on
+the wall at the back of the stand is very essential. A screen is a
+very desirable part of the bedroom appointments. A rug should be
+placed in front of the bed and dressing-case.
+
+
+                           THE DINING-ROOM.
+
+The dining-room should be furnished with a view to convenience,
+richness, and comfort. Choose deep, rich grounds for the
+walls—bronze-maroon, black, Pompeiian red, and deep olive—and the
+designs and traceries in old gold, olive or moss-green, with dado and
+frieze to correspond. Or, the walls may be wainscoted with oak,
+walnut, maple, etc. Some are finished in plain panels, with different
+kinds of wood; others, again, are elaborately carved, with fruit,
+flowers, and emblems of the chase.
+
+The floor is the next point for consideration. It may be of tile or
+laid in alternate strips of different colored woods, with a border of
+parquetry. Rugs or carpets may be used on these floors or dispensed
+with, according to taste. If a carpet is used, the dark, rich shades
+found in the Persian and Turkish designs should be chosen.
+
+The window drapery should be those deep, rich colors that hold their
+own despite time and use—the pomegranates, rich crimsons, dark blues,
+dull Pompeiian reds, and soft olives. These curtains may be hung on
+poles, and should fall in heavy folds to the floor, then looped back
+with a wide embroidered dado.
+
+Screens of stained glass are now used in the windows. They are both
+useful and ornamental, for they exclude the strong rays of the sun,
+and the light filtering through them beautifies the room with its many
+mellow hues.
+
+Dark wood should be used for the furniture. The chairs should be
+chosen in square, solid styles, and upholstered in embossed or plain
+leather, with an abundance of brass or silver headed nails which are
+used for upholstering leather and add much to the substantial
+appearance of the articles.
+
+The dining-table should be low, square or bevel cornered, heavily
+carved, and when not in use should be covered with a cloth
+corresponding in shade to the window drapery.
+
+A buffet may stand in one corner for the display of ceramics or
+decorated china. The sideboard should be of high, massive style, with
+shelves and racks for glassware and pieces of china.
+
+A few pictures—two or three fruit pieces and one or two plaques of
+still life—are appropriate.
+
+A case of stuffed birds, a few large pots of tropical plants, and a
+fernery are in keeping with the dining-room appointments. A three-leaf
+folding Japanese screen should not be forgotten; also, a lamp shade of
+antique lace, lined with crimson silk, is very desirable.
+
+
+                             THE KITCHEN.
+
+It is a remark too often made that this or that “is good enough for a
+servant.” If all knew that unpleasant surroundings made unpleasant
+servants and ill-prepared meals, we think more pains would be taken to
+have pleasant and comfortable kitchens. There should be a pleasant
+window or two through which fresh air and floods of sunlight may come,
+a few plants on the window sill, a small stand for a workbasket, an
+easy-chair that the servant may “drop into” when an opportunity
+offers, the walls painted or calcimined with some cheerful tint, and a
+general air of comfort pervading the whole kitchen.—_The Popular Art
+Instructor._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIV.
+
+                                FLORAL.
+
+
+                     HOW TO CARE FOR HOUSE PLANTS.
+
+Plants that require a high or low temperature or a very moist
+atmosphere and plants that bloom only in summer are undesirable.
+Procure fresh sandy loam, with an equal mixture of well-rotted turf,
+leaf mold, and cow-yard manure, with a small quantity of soot. In
+repotting plants use one size larger than they were grown in.
+Hard-burned or glazed pots prevent the circulation of air. Secure
+drainage by broken crockery and pebbles laid in the bottom of the pot.
+An abundance of light is important, and when this cannot be given it
+is useless to attempt the culture of flowering plants. If possible
+they should have the morning sun, as one hour of sunshine then is
+worth two in the afternoon. Fresh air is also essential, but cold,
+chilling drafts should be avoided. Water from one to three times a
+week with soft, lukewarm water, draining off all not absorbed by the
+earth.
+
+
+                             DO NOT PERMIT
+
+water to stand in the saucers, as the only plant thriving under such
+treatment is the calla lily; and even for these it is not necessary,
+unless while blooming. Dust is a great obstacle to the growth of
+plants. A good showering will generally remove it, but all the
+smooth-faced plants (such as camellias, ivies, etc.) should be
+carefully sponged so as to keep the foliage clean and healthy.
+
+
+                          PLANTS SUCCEED BEST
+
+in an even temperature, ranging from sixty to seventy degrees during
+the day and from ten to twelve degrees lower at night. If troubled
+with insects, put them under a box or barrel and smoke from thirty to
+sixty minutes with tobacco leaves.
+
+
+                          FOR THE RED SPIDER
+
+the best remedy is to lay the plants on the side and sprinkle well or
+shower. Repeat if necessary. If manures are used, give in a liquid
+form.
+
+Some of the plants most suitable for parlor culture are: Pelargoniums,
+geraniums, fuchsias, palms, begonias, monthly roses, camellias,
+azaleas, oranges, lemons, Chinese and English primroses, abutilons,
+narcissus, heliotrope, petunias, and the gorgeous flowering plant,
+_Poinsettia pulcherrima_. Camellias and azaleas require a cooler
+temperature than most plants, and the Poinsettia a higher temperature.
+Do not sprinkle the foliage of the camellia while the flower buds are
+swelling or it will cause them to droop, nor sprinkle them in the
+sunshine. They should have a temperature of about forty degrees and
+more shade. By following these rules, healthy flowering plants will be
+the result.
+
+A good way
+
+
+                            TO START SLIPS
+
+is to partly break off the slip (but do not entirely sever it from the
+parent stock), leaving it hanging for ten or twelve days; then remove
+and plant in a box of half sand and half leaf mold and it will be well
+rooted in a week. Do not water too freely or the slip will rot.
+
+If house plants are watered once a week with water in which is mixed a
+few drops of ammonia they will thrive much better. Sometimes small
+white worms are found in the earth—lime water will kill them. Stir up
+the soil before pouring it on, to expose as many as possible. For
+running vines, burn beef bones and mix with the earth.
+
+
+                TO KEEP PLANTS WITHOUT A FIRE AT NIGHT.
+
+Have made, of wood or zinc, a tray about four inches deep with a
+handle on either end, water-tight. Paint it outside and in, put in
+each corner a post as high as the tallest of your plants, and it is
+ready for use. Arrange your flowerpots in it and fill between them
+with sawdust. This absorbs the moisture falling from the plants when
+you water them and retains the warmth acquired during the day, keeping
+the temperature of the roots even. When you retire at night spread
+over the posts a blanket or shawl, and there is no danger of freezing.
+
+
+                       SURE SHOT FOR ROSE-SLUGS.
+
+Make a tea of tobacco stems and a soapsuds of whale oil or carbolic
+soap; mix and apply to the bush with a sprinkler, turning the bush so
+as to wet the under as well as the upper part of the leaves. Apply,
+before the sun is up, three or four times.
+
+
+                  TO PREPARE AUTUMN LEAVES AND FERNS.
+
+Immediately after gathering take a moderately warm iron, smear it well
+with white wax, rub over each surface of the leaf once, applying more
+wax for each leaf. This process causes leaves to roll about as when
+hanging on the trees. If pressed more they become brittle and remain
+perfectly flat. Maple and oak are among the most desirable, and may be
+gathered any time after the severe frosts; but the sumac and ivy must
+be secured as soon after the first slight frost as they become tinted
+or the leaflets will fall from the stem. Ferns may be selected any
+time during the season. A large book must be used in gathering them,
+as they will be spoiled for pressing if carried in the hand. A weight
+should be placed on them until they are perfectly dry; then, excepting
+the most delicate ones, it will be well to press them like the leaves,
+as they are liable to curl when placed in a warm atmosphere. These
+will form beautiful combinations with the sumac and ivy.
+
+
+                      TO PREPARE SKELETON LEAVES.
+
+When properly prepared, skeleton leaves form a companion to the
+scrapbook or collection of pressed ferns, fronds, etc. This is a
+tedious operation and requires skill and great patience to obtain
+satisfactory results. Some leaves are easier to dissect and make
+better specimens than others, and, as a rule, a hard, thin leaf should
+be chosen; that is, when a special variety is not required.
+
+Among those which are skeletonized most successfully are the English
+ivy, box elder, willow, grape, pear, rose, etc. They should be
+gathered during the month of June, or as soon as the leaf is fully
+developed. The leaves should be immersed in a vessel of rain water and
+allowed to remain till decomposed. When this takes place, press the
+leaf between pieces of soft flannel, and the film will adhere to the
+flannel, leaving a perfect network. Dry off gradually and clean the
+specimen with a soft hair pencil. Place between folds of soft blotting
+paper, and when perfectly dry place in your collection.
+
+
+                         TO BLEACH THE LEAVES,
+
+dissolve one half pound of chloride of lime in three pints of rain
+water, strain, and use one part of the solution to one of water. For
+ferns, use the solution full strength. When perfectly white remove to
+clear water, let stand for several hours, changing water two or three
+times, float out on paper, and press between blotting paper in books.
+
+In mounting use mucilage made of five parts gum arabic, three parts
+white sugar, two parts starch, and very little water; boil and stir
+till thick and white.
+
+
+                           HANGING BASKETS.
+
+A correspondent of the _Gardener's Monthly_ tells of a new style of
+hanging basket made of round maple sticks about one inch in diameter,
+eight inches in length at the bottom, increasing to fourteen at the
+top. In constructing, begin at the bottom and build up, log-cabin
+fashion; chink the openings with green moss and line the whole basket
+with the same. These are easily kept moist, and the plants droop and
+twine over them very gracefully. A good way to keep the earth moist in
+a hanging basket without the trouble of taking it down is to fill a
+bottle with water and put in two pieces of yarn, leaving one end
+outside. Suspend the bottle just above the basket and allow the water
+to drip. This will keep the earth moist enough for winter and save a
+great deal of time and labor. Plant morning glory seeds in hanging
+baskets in winter; they grow rapidly and are very pretty.—_Buckeye._
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+
+                             THE LAUNDRY.
+
+            TELLING OF A GREAT MANY USEFUL AND LABOR-SAVING
+                      PRACTICES FOR THE LAUNDRY.
+
+
+                        TO MAKE WASHING FLUID.
+
+Bring to a boil one pound of sal soda, half a pound of unslaked lime,
+a small lump of borax, and five quarts of water. Let cool, pour off,
+and bottle. Use one teacupful to a boiler of clothes. This is
+superior.
+
+
+                              GALL SOAP.
+
+For washing woolens, silks, or fine prints liable to fade. One pint
+beefs gall, two pounds common bar soap cut fine, one quart boiling
+soft water; boil slowly, stirring occasionally until well mixed. Pour
+into a flat vessel, and when cold cut into pieces to dry.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT SCORCH.
+
+If a shirt bosom or any other article has been scorched in ironing,
+lay it where bright sunshine will fall directly on it. It will
+entirely remove it.
+
+
+                                BLUING.
+
+Take one ounce of Prussian blue, one-half ounce of oxalic acid;
+dissolve in one quart of perfectly soft rain water. Insert a quill
+through the cork of the bluing bottle to prevent waste or putting too
+much in clothes and you will be pleased with the result. One or two
+tablespoons of it is sufficient for a tub of water, according to the
+size of the tub. Chinese blue is the best and costs twelve and a half
+cents an ounce, and the acid will cost three cents.
+
+
+                            COFFEE STARCH.
+
+Make a paste of two tablespoons best starch and cold water; when
+smooth stir in a pint of perfectly clear coffee, boiling hot; boil
+five or ten minutes. Stir with a spermaceti or wax candle. Strain and
+use for all dark calicoes, percales, and muslins.
+
+
+                             FLOUR STARCH.
+
+Have a clean pan or kettle on stove with one quart boiling water, into
+which stir three heaping tablespoons flour, previously mixed smooth in
+a little cold water; stir steadily until it boils and thereafter
+enough to keep from burning. Boil about five minutes, and strain,
+while hot, through a crash towel. The above quantity is enough for one
+dress, and will make it nice and stiff.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE FINE STARCH.
+
+Wet the starch smooth in a little cold water in a large tin pan, pour
+on a quart of boiling water to two or three tablespoons of starch,
+stirring rapidly all the while; place on stove, stir until it boils
+and then occasionally. Boil from five to fifteen minutes, or until the
+starch is perfectly clear. Some add a little salt or butter or pure
+lard or stir with a sperm candle; others add a teaspoon of kerosene to
+one quart of starch. This prevents the stickiness sometimes so
+annoying in ironing.
+
+Cold starch is made from starch dissolved in cold water, being careful
+not to have it too thick. Since it rots the clothes, it is not
+advisable to use it.
+
+
+                       ENAMEL FOR SHIRT BOSOMS.
+
+Melt together, with a gentle heat, one ounce white wax and two ounces
+spermaceti. Prepare in the usual way a sufficient quantity of starch
+for a dozen shirt bosoms, put into it a piece of this enamel the size
+of a hazelnut. This will give your clothes a beautiful polish.
+
+
+                TO CLEAN ARTICLES MADE OF WHITE ZEPHYR.
+
+Rub in flour or magnesia, changing often. Shake off and hang in the
+open air a short time.
+
+
+                         HOW TO CLEAN VELVET.
+
+Invert a hot flatiron, place over it a single thickness of wet cotton
+cloth, lay on this the velvet (wrong side next the wet cloth), rub
+gently with a dry cloth until the pile is well raised, take off the
+iron, lay on a table, and brush it with a soft brush or cloth.
+
+
+                           TO CLEAN RIBBONS.
+
+Dissolve white soap in boiling water; when cool enough to bear the
+hand, pass the ribbons through it, rubbing gently, so as not to injure
+the texture; rinse through lukewarm water and pin on a board to dry.
+If the colors are bright yellow, maroon, crimson or scarlet, add a few
+drops of oil of vitriol to the rinse water; if the color is bright
+scarlet, add to the rinse water a few drops of muriate of tin.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT PAINT.
+
+Equal parts of ammonia and spirits of turpentine will take paint out
+of clothing. Saturate the spot two or three times, and then wash out
+in soapsuds.
+
+
+                         TO REMOVE INK STAIN.
+
+Immediately saturate with milk, soak it up with a rag, apply more, rub
+well, and in a few minutes the ink will disappear.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE GREASE OUT
+
+of silk, woolens, paper, floors, etc., grate chalk thick over the
+spot, cover with brown paper, set on it a hot flatiron and let it
+remain until cool; repeat if necessary. The iron must not be so hot as
+to burn paper or cloth.
+
+
+                             FRUIT STAINS.
+
+Colored cottons or woolens stained with wine or fruit should be wet in
+alcohol and ammonia, then sponged off gently (not rubbed) with
+alcohol; after that, if the material will warrant it, washed in tepid
+soapsuds. Silk may be wet with this preparation when injured by these
+stains.
+
+
+                         TO REMOVE IRON RUST.
+
+While rinsing clothes, take such as have spots of iron, wring out, dip
+a wet finger in oxalic acid and rub on the spot, then dip in salt and
+rub on and hold on a warm flatiron, and the spot will immediately
+disappear; rinse again, rubbing the place a little with the hands.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT MILDEW.
+
+Wet the cloth and rub on soap and chalk, mixed together, and lay in
+the sun; or, lay the cloth in buttermilk for a short time, take out
+and place in the hot sun; or, put lemon juice on and treat in the same
+way.
+
+
+                         TO WASH WOOLEN GOODS.
+
+Many woolen goods, such as light-colored, heavy sacques, nubias, etc.,
+may be washed in cold suds and rinsed in cold water. The garments
+should be well shaken out and pulled into shape.
+
+
+                   TO WASH FLANNELS IN TEPID WATER.
+
+The usefulness of liquid ammonia is not as universally known among
+housewives as it deserves to be. If you add some of it to a soapsuds
+made of a mild soap it will prevent the flannel from becoming yellow
+or shrinking. It is the potash and soda combined in sharp soap which
+tend to color animal fibers yellow; the shrinking may be partially due
+to this agency, but above all to the exposure of the flannel while wet
+to the extremes of low and high temperature. Dipping it in boiling
+water or leaving it out in the rain will also cause it to shrink and
+become hard. To preserve their softness, flannels should be washed in
+tepid suds, rinsed in tepid water, and dried rapidly at a moderate
+heat.—_Buckeye._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVI.
+
+        HOW TO DO YOUR OWN STAMPING AND MAKE YOUR OWN PATTERNS.
+
+
+In the following chapter are given full instructions for dry and wet
+stamping, explaining how to make stamping powder, how to mix white
+paint for stamping dark goods and black paint for stamping light
+goods.
+
+The articles necessary are a sheet of writing paper and a piece of
+transfer paper. The transfer paper can be made by rubbing white paper
+with a composition consisting of two ounces of tallow, one-half ounce
+powdered blacklead, one-quarter pint linseed oil, and sufficient
+lampblack to make it of the consistency of cream. These should be
+melted together and rubbed on the paper while hot. When dry it will be
+fit for use.
+
+In order to make a perforated pattern of any engraving, procure a
+piece of writing paper larger than the design to be traced and put a
+piece of transfer paper on the writing paper, then place both sheets
+directly under the engraving and pin the three sheets together at one
+end, having the transfer paper between and dark side facing the
+writing paper. You then take a quill with a fine point (a knitting
+needle will do nicely) and without leaning too hard go over all the
+outline of the engraving. You must be careful not to press your
+fingers on the engraving, as this would cause a deposit of powder the
+same color as the transferring paper on the writing paper. Now remove
+the transfer paper and you have the design accurately traced and the
+pattern is ready to be perforated. Lay a couple of folds of velvet or
+felt on the table, place the pattern on this, and with a needle of
+medium size or tracing-wheel prick out the pattern, being careful to
+follow the outline closely and make the perforations quite close.
+
+
+                  MECHANICAL ENLARGEMENT OF DESIGNS.
+
+The simplest way is to enlarge by the eye, as the artists do. One
+method is to divide the whole design into squares and rule off the
+paper to be enlarged in corresponding squares of larger size. Each
+portion within the square is then exactly reproduced, copying the
+portion in the smaller square. For embroidery designs especially we
+should think this would be very good.
+
+
+                             DRY STAMPING.
+
+This is done by a process known as pouncing. The process is as
+follows: Place the pattern (rough side up) on the material to be
+stamped, placing heavy weights on the corner to keep it from slipping;
+then rub the powder over the perforations with the pouncet or
+distributor described below till the pattern is clearly marked on the
+material. This can be ascertained by lifting one corner of the pattern
+slightly. Then remove the pattern carefully, lay a piece of thin paper
+over the stamping and pass a hot iron over it. This melts the gum in
+the powder and fastens the pattern to the material. The iron should be
+as hot as possible without scorching the cloth. Should the heat change
+the color of the material, iron it all over. Do not do any stamping by
+this process on a hot or damp day if it can be avoided. Keep the
+powder in a cool, dry place. In stamping with light-colored powder,
+the best way to fasten it is to hold the back of the cloth against the
+stovepipe or the face of the iron. French stamping is better, however,
+for all dark materials. To take the powder up on the distributor, have
+a tin plate with a piece of woolen cloth glued on the bottom, sprinkle
+a little powder on the cloth, and rub the distributor over it, taking
+care to shake off all the powder you can—enough will remain to stamp
+the pattern clearly.
+
+
+                        TO MAKE A DISTRIBUTOR.
+
+Take a strip of fine felt almost an inch wide (a strip from an old
+felt hat is as good as anything), roll it up tightly into a roll,
+leaving the end flat, and rub the end over a piece of sand paper to
+make it smooth and even.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE BLUE POWDER.
+
+Take equal parts of gum damar and white rosin and just enough Persian
+blue to color it. Mix well together.
+
+Other colors are made the same, using for coloring chrome yellow (for
+light-colored powder), burnt sienna, lampblack, etc. Black powder is
+improved by adding a little blue to it.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE WHITE POWDER.
+
+Take one ounce white lead; half ounce gum arabic, in the impalpable
+powder; half ounce white rosin, in the fine powder. All well mixed.
+
+
+                      SUPERIOR DARK BLUE POWDER.
+
+One ounce white rosin; one half ounce gum sandarac; one half ounce
+Prussian blue, in fine powder. Mix all thoroughly.
+
+
+                      FRENCH INDELIBLE STAMPING.
+
+This is the best process for all dark materials; in fact, this and the
+blue powder are all that will ever be needed. By this process a kind
+of paint is used instead of powder, and a brush instead of a pouncet.
+Place the pattern on the cloth, smooth side up if you can (though
+either side will work well), weight the pattern down as in stamping.
+Rub the paint evenly over the perforations, and it will leave the
+lines clean, sharp and distinct. After the stamping is done, the
+pattern must be cleaned immediately. This is done by placing the
+pattern on the table and turning benzine or naphtha over it to cut the
+paint and then wiping the pattern dry on both sides with an old cloth,
+or, better still, with common waste—such as machinists use to clean
+machinery; this is cheap and absorbs the paint and naphtha quickly.
+Hold the pattern up to the light to see if the holes are all clear; if
+they are not, wash it the second time. Do not use the pattern for
+powder immediately after it has been washed; let it dry a short time,
+otherwise the moistened gum will clog the perforations.
+
+
+                          TO MAKE THE PAINT.
+
+Take zinc white, mix it with boiled oil to about the thickness of
+cream, add a little drying, such as painters use. Keep in a tin pail
+(one holding about a pint is a good size); have a piece of board cut
+round, with a screw in the center for a handle, to fit _loosely_ into
+the pail; drop this on the paint and it will keep it from drying up.
+Add a little oil occasionally to keep the paint from growing too
+thick, and it will always be ready for use.
+
+
+                              THE BRUSH.
+
+Take a fine stencil brush (or any brush with a square end), wind it
+tightly with a string from the handle down to within one half inch of
+the end; this will make it just stiff enough to distribute the paint
+well. Keep the brush in water, to keep it from drying up, taking care
+to wipe off the water before using.
+
+
+                         THE CARE OF PATTERNS.
+
+New patterns, before being used, should be rubbed over on the rough
+side with a smooth piece of pumice stone; this wears off the burr and
+makes the stamping come out cleaner and finer. When patterns are so
+large that they have to be folded, iron out the creases before using
+them. After using the patterns for powder stamping, snap the pattern
+to shake the powder from the perforations. After using the patterns
+for paint stamping they should be washed thoroughly with naphtha until
+the perforations are all perfectly clear. Keep the naphtha away from
+the fire. After the pattern has been washed, do not use it for powder
+until it has had time to thoroughly dry, otherwise it will gum up the
+holes and spoil the pattern.
+
+If these directions are carefully followed the stamping will always be
+satisfactory.—_Popular Art Instructor._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+
+                             BRONZE WORK.
+
+
+Bronzing is the latest improvement in waxwork, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive artistic bronze. It answers
+for table, mantel, and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to dust
+and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted with
+a feather duster like any piece of furniture, and is a very desirable
+and inexpensive ornament.
+
+The colors required in bronze are: Silver bronze, gold bronze, copper
+bronze, fire bronze, and green bronze.
+
+
+                  THE ART OF MAKING A VASE IN BRONZE.
+
+For instruction, let us take a vase to be finished in copper bronze.
+First the vase must be molded. The casting material is one part wax,
+one part spermaceti, two parts mutton tallow. Melt the three articles
+together and color with burnt umber. Have a coil of fine hair wire,
+cut into one-half inch lengths, and when the mixture is melted to the
+consistency of thick cream stir in the cut wire by degrees until there
+is a sprinkling of it throughout the mixture; then pour into the
+elastic mold and let stand till perfectly cold and solid; then loosen
+the sections of the mold and take it out. Should any of the ends of
+the wire project, they can be cut with a pair of sharp scissors. Trim
+the seams caused by the sections of the mold; then take a piece of
+soft flannel cloth, dip it in the refined spirits of turpentine and
+polish the vase with it, after which it is ready for bronzing.
+
+Take copper bronze No. 4000, and with the tinting brush bronze the
+vase evenly, and polish it with a soft piece of white silk. Now take
+another brush and with copper bronze No. 6000 give it the last coat
+The vase is now ready for draping. The most simple drapery is an ivy
+vine. Take an embossed ivy leaf (or embossed muslin leaves, as they
+are named), lay a fine wire along its midrib, leaving two or three
+inches of wire for stem; cover the leaf with brown sheet wax, press
+them together well with the finger and thumb to make the wax adhere to
+the leaf, get the impression, and hold the wire firmly; then lay
+another piece of wax on the under side, press the edges together and
+cut away the superfluous wax, leaving the edge plain (the ivy leaf is
+not serrated), cover the wire stem with wax and the leaf is ready for
+bronzing. Rub both sides with turpentine, give one coat of bronze No.
+4000, then the last coat of bronze No. 6000. When all the leaves are
+finished, weave them into a spray, grading them from large to small
+till the end of the vine is reached, then bronze and drape around the
+vase in an easy, natural way.
+
+The natural fall leaves, pressed, make pretty draperies for these
+kinds of vases. Sprays of mixed leaves, oak leaves and acorns, small
+maple leaves, the holly leaf and berry, mixed ivy and fern leaves, and
+many other kinds of leaves and vines are equally pretty.
+
+
+                 THE ART OF MAKING A MOTTO IN BRONZE.
+
+Take a box frame of the ordinary motto-frame size (gilt face) and line
+it with either crimson or royal purple velvet, and it is ready for any
+design. The word “Welcome” is the simplest to begin with. Take a thick
+blotting pad, lay it on a table, rub some arrowroot or rice power over
+its upper surface, and lay a sheet of either calla or pond lily wax,
+_extra thick_, on this powdered surface. Select the style of letter
+preferred; German text is very appropriate for the motto “Welcome.”
+Cut the pattern letters out in pasteboard, or any kind of thick paper,
+if tin letter-cutters are not convenient.
+
+Begin with the letter W. Lay it on the sheet of wax and cut out the
+waxen letter after the pattern with a penknife previously dipped in
+water. Next cut the E, and so on till the seven letters are cut out,
+care being taken to powder the blotter every time a new sheet of wax
+is laid on. Lay the back of the box on the table, having melted glue
+ready, and with a camel's-hair brush apply a small portion of it to
+the back of each letter as it is set in its relative position,
+pressing it gently against the velvet with the palm of the hand. The
+letters should be set an inch apart, and when all on the frame should
+be set away until the glue is thoroughly dry and the waxen letters
+adhere firmly to the velvet, then they are ready for ornamenting. This
+is done in various ways, and all depends on the artist's taste, but a
+few suggestions may not be amiss.
+
+Take a two-inch fern-cutter and cut the ferns out of double sheet wax;
+then bronze them as directed on both sides, either with gold or silver
+bronze. Begin with draping the letter W. Take the stem end of the fern
+leaf and with the bead end of the curling-pin fasten it to the lower
+side of the letter; then turn it over and fasten it down in the
+middle, letting the point turn outward. Set the ferns on the letters
+in such a way as not to obscure their form, _i. e._, the form of the
+letters. If the motto is made in white wax it should be frosted with
+diamond dust.
+
+A pretty style of motto is clasped hands in the center, of pure white
+wax, surrounded with sprays of fine flowers and buds, finished in fire
+bronze.
+
+Another style of motto is a vase in the center, from which vines in
+different colors of bronze run. Green, fire, and copper bronzing
+should have a light background; silver and gold bronzing should have a
+dark background.
+
+
+             THE ART OF MAKING A FLORAL BASKET IN BRONZE.
+
+Take a medium-sized basket (chip or any solid substance), brush it
+with glue on the inside, fill it with moss, and set it away to dry
+till the moss is stuck to the basket. The moss should be raised in the
+center in the form of a mound. Have the wax sheeted in carmine. Make
+the center of the basket in roses, rosebuds, and carnations, as they
+are the most durable. Mold the petals over the embossed muslin petals
+and bronze them with fire bronze—Nos. 4000 and 6000—as previously
+directed. Drape the basket and the handle in smilax, having the wax
+for the smilax sheeted in chrome green; then mold over the embossed
+muslin leaves, bronze in green bronze, and drape loosely. Such a
+basket makes a pretty table ornament.
+
+
+                       DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING.
+
+All kinds of ornaments may be made in bronze—small animals, fish,
+shells, birds, statuary, etc. The mixture for casts should be the same
+shade as the bronze used.
+
+Fish may be bronzed in silver, gold, and copper bronze; shells in
+silver, copper, gold, and some may be tinted with fire bronze on the
+exterior of the shell, but the interior of almost all shells must be
+tinted with paint; dogs in zinc, silver, and copper; birds in almost
+any shade.
+
+
+                        GREEN BRONZE STATUARY.
+
+Prepare the mixture in chrome green No. 1. A little rosin may be added
+and a thick sprinkling of cut wire. Trim the object and rub with
+spirits of turpentine, then apply the green bronze—the two numbers,
+as directed.
+
+
+                        COPPER BRONZE STATUARY.
+
+Prepare the mixture in burnt umber and proceed as directed.
+
+
+                         BRONZING STATUETTES.
+
+Statuettes, or any object in plaster of Paris, may be made to resemble
+bronze by first rendering the plaster nonabsorbent with drying linseed
+oil and then painting it with a varnish made by grinding waste gold
+leaf with honey or gum water.
+
+Another method is by first painting the article, after it has been
+rendered nonabsorbent, of a dark color made of Prussian blue, yellow
+ochre, and verditer, ground in oil. Before this becomes quite dry,
+bronze powder of several colors should be dusted on those most
+prominent parts which may be supposed to have worn bright. Plaster
+casts may also be made to resemble bronze to a certain extent by
+merely brushing them over with graphite, which is a brilliant
+blacklead.
+
+
+               METHOD OF MAKING EMBOSSED MUSLIN LEAVES.
+
+Take a piece of green muslin or calico and size it well with
+isinglass, then take the natural leaf, lay the sized piece of muslin
+over it on the under or veined side of the leaf, let the muslin remain
+on it till almost dry and the impression is set; then with a pair of
+sharp scissors cut the muslin around the leaf, either plain or
+serrated.
+
+The impression may be taken of any leaf or flower in this way. The use
+of muslin leaves tends to make the work more durable and is found very
+convenient for the artist.
+
+
+                   THE ART OF MAKING EXOTIC LEAVES.
+
+The begonia rex makes a beautiful parlor plant. Five or seven leaves
+make a nice-sized plant: Select five or seven healthy begonia leaves
+of different sizes, as no two leaves of the rex are of one size on the
+same plant. Cut the leaves closely off the stem and immerse them in a
+solution of cold water and castile soap. Leave them in this twelve
+hours before using. Melt the wax to the consistency of cream, in
+chrome green, permanent green, dark olive-green, and verdigris-green.
+Now take a leaf out of the soapsuds and lay it on a marble slab,
+keeping the under surface or veined side uppermost; then with a
+camel's-hair brush lay on the melted wax in different shades,
+following the shades of the natural leaf. The soapsuds having made the
+leaf transparent, all the shades and spots can be plainly seen on the
+veined side, which is the side the waxen leaf has to be formed on. The
+belt of light green over the silvery markings of the leaf should be
+put on with verdigris-green. Begin the leaf in the center and continue
+on each side of the midrib till the edge is reached and the leaf has a
+thick coating of wax. Then lay a wire along the midrib or center of
+the leaf, fasten it in the wax by pressing, care being taken to leave
+it long enough for eight or nine inches of stem. Wire must also be
+laid on all the side ribs or veins leading to the midrib. These small
+wires are all brought to the center wire and laid evenly by its side
+till they all come to the stem, where they are all twisted around it
+to form one long, thick stem. Give the leaf another coating of dark
+olive-green wax (this covers the wires), then finish with a thin
+coating of burnt umber tinted with Vandyke brown, and the under
+surface of the leaf is finished. Remove the natural leaf from the
+waxen and tint the veins lightly with carmine. Brush a little carmine
+loosely on the darkest shade in the center of the leaf, and before it
+sticks blow off as much as possible, when enough will be left to give
+it that reddish-green tint peculiar to the begonia rex leaf. The next
+is to finish the silver belt or silvery leaf-markings midway between
+the center and the edge of the leaf. This strip must be rubbed with
+spirits of turpentine; then with the tinting brush apply a coating of
+silver bronze (Nos. 4000 and 6000), care being taken that the bronze
+does not scatter over the leaf. Now the leaf is finished.
+
+If the work is done according to directions, the waxen leaf will be a
+true copy of the original. Continue in the same way till all the
+leaves are made, then wax the stems and run them through the begonia
+stemming, when they may be arranged in their natural growing manner in
+a flowerpot filled with moss; or, if preferred, the flowerpot may be
+filled with wax, in _terre-verte_ green, and the stems must be placed
+in it before the wax gets hard.
+
+
+                     HOW TO MAKE BEGONIA STEMMING.
+
+Procure the bristles of a very young pig, five or six weeks old. After
+washing, put them in a very strong solution of chloride of lime and
+let them remain in it till whitened; then rinse well in warm water
+till free from chlorine. Color them while damp, some in different
+shades of green and some in different shades of brown. After the
+bristles are ready, the next thing is to make the stemming. Take a
+square piece of cambric and fasten it in a stretcher, then give it a
+thick coating of mastic varnish, and when the varnish is dry cut the
+cambric on a true bias into straight strips of different widths, from
+an inch to two inches, and half a yard in length. Lay one of these
+strips on a table or some smooth surface, add another coat of varnish,
+then cover it with glaucous green flock, care being taken to leave a
+narrow margin bare on one side to lap under the other when the piping
+is being made. Dip the bristles in mastic varnish, sprinkle them
+thickly over the flock, and leave for twenty-four hours to dry; when
+thoroughly dry, revarnish the bare edge, and turn it in underneath the
+other edge, thus forming the strip into a pipe, ready to receive the
+wire stems of the leaves. Brown and crimson flock may be used.
+
+For begonia rex, use crimson flock; for the rubra, use glaucous flock;
+and for the palmata, use brown flock. Very good stemming may be made
+by tinting canton flannel, which has a very long nap or pile.
+
+
+                    GERANIUM LEAVES—ROSE GERANIUM.
+
+This leaf is of a dark chrome green. Prepare the wax in two shades,
+dark chrome green and light; immerse the leaves in soapsuds for six
+hours; take out of the soapsuds and lay it on the marble slab. As
+there is neither shading nor marking on the leaf, all that is required
+is to give it a coat of dark chrome green, thick enough to prevent the
+wires from showing; then lay the wires over the veins and coat them
+over with a light shade of green. Remove the natural leaf, and as the
+texture of the rose geranium leaf is rather rough, rub it over with
+green flock mixed with hair powder. The stems may be left in different
+lengths.
+
+The best directions that we can give for the tinting and marking of
+leaves is to copy from nature. The cyclamen leaf is well adapted for
+the practice of marking and tinting.
+
+The leaf of the pond lily, lotus, canna, maranta, rubber tree,
+magnolia, camellia, orange, and all leaves which have a waxy surface,
+should either be varnished or bronzed.
+
+All kinds of leaves may be made by the foregoing directions.—_Popular
+Art Instructor._
+
+
+                             DECALCOMANIA.
+
+This is another name for a style that has been in vogue for an
+indefinite, period of time, and comes under the head of transferring.
+It is almost superfluous to mention the variety of purposes to which
+decalcomania may be applied, as it can be transferred upon everything
+for which ornamentation is required, and the variety of designs which
+are printed especially for it is so great that something may easily be
+procured to suit the taste of the most fastidious.
+
+A few of the articles that may be decorated can be mentioned by way of
+showing what a variety this style of ornamentation will embrace: All
+kinds of crockery, china, porcelain, vases, glass, bookcases, folios,
+boxes, lap desks, ribbons, dresses, etc. The method of transferring
+beautiful designs is so simple, and all the materials requisite for
+the art so easily procured, that it brings it within the means of
+everyone. Flat surfaces are more suitable than concave or convex ones
+for this style of decorating, for when the surface is curved the
+design has to be cut to accommodate the shape, and in this way is
+often spoiled unless done by the most careful and skillful hand. The
+materials required are cement, copal varnish, designs, a duck-quill
+sable, and a flat camel's-hair brush.
+
+Cut your designs neatly with a small pair of scissors, apply the
+cement by means of the sable to the article to be decorated, place on
+your design and press equally over its entire surface to exclude the
+air; dampen it a little and keep pressing equally so that the design
+may adhere firmly in every part. When the cement is sufficiently dry
+dampen again with water (a little more freely) and remove the paper.
+Be careful in manipulating this process, or you will remove some of
+the colored part with it. If such should occur, instantly replace it
+as well as you are able, or, if you have a knowledge of Oriental
+painting, your panacea will be in that. You can retouch with these
+colors and bring it back nearly to its original beauty. In case you
+have no knowledge of Oriental painting, match the colors as nearly as
+possible with water-color paints, allow time to dry, and varnish with
+copal.
+
+Sometimes the cement becomes too thick for use. It may be restored to
+its proper flowing consistency by placing the bottle in a bed of warm
+sand, and can then be applied while warm. If you apply your design to
+a dark groundwork, it would be desirable to give your picture a
+coating of Winsor and Newton's Chinese white. The reason for this is
+that some parts of the picture are semi-transparent, and these would
+lose their brilliancy if transferred directly upon a dark background
+without first painting.
+
+
+                         TO TRANSFER ON WOOD.
+
+Dissolve some salt in soft water, float your engraving on the
+surface—picture side uppermost—and let it remain about an hour. The
+screen, box or table on which you wish to transfer the design should
+be of bird's-eye maple or other light-colored hardwood, varnished with
+the best copal or transfer varnish.
+
+Take the picture from the water, dry a little between blotters, place
+the engraving—picture side downwards—on the varnished wood and
+smooth it nicely. If the picture entirely covers the wood after the
+margin has been cut off so that no varnish is exposed, lay over it a
+thin board, on which place a heavy weight, and leave it for
+twenty-four hours. If you wish but a small picture in the center of
+the surface of the wood, apply the varnish only to a space the size of
+the picture. Dip your finger in the solution of salt and water and
+commence rubbing off the paper; the nearer you come to the engraving
+the more careful you must be, as a hole in it will spoil your work.
+Rub slowly and patiently until you have taken off every bit of the
+paper and left only the black lines and touches of your picture on the
+wood, in an inverted direction. Finish up with two or three coats of
+copal varnish.
+
+
+                         TO TRANSFER ON SILK.
+
+Apply a coating of mastic varnish to the design and allow it to dry;
+then with a brush wash the paper surrounding the design carefully;
+this removes from the paper the preparation, which would otherwise
+soil the silk. Apply a second coating of the same varnish, and when
+this is slightly dried place the design upon the silk or other fabric
+to be decorated, and with the roller press it well down. With the
+brush wet the back of the paper covering the design, when the paper
+may be at once lifted off. Another method is to cut out the design
+carefully and cover it with a thin coating of mastic varnish, and lay
+it upon the silk or other fabric (which should be dampened) and roll
+thoroughly with a rubber roller; dampen the back of the paper with the
+brush and lift it off as previously directed.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE WAX FLOWERS.
+
+The following articles will be required to commence waxwork: Two
+pounds white wax, one quarter pound hair wire, one bottle carmine, one
+bottle ultramarine blue, one bottle chrome yellow, two bottles chrome
+green No. 1, one bottle each of rose pink, royal purple, scarlet
+powder, and balsam fir; two dozen sheets white wax. This will do to
+begin with. Now have a clean tin dish, and pour therein a quart or two
+of water; then put in about one pound of the white wax and let it
+boil. When cool enough so the bubbles will not form on top it is ready
+to sheet, which is done as follows: Take half of a window pane, 7 × 9,
+and, after having washed it clean, dip into a dish containing weak
+soapsuds; then dip into the wax, and draw it out steadily and plunge
+it into the suds, when the sheet will readily come off. Lay it on a
+cloth or clean paper to dry. Proceed in like manner until you have
+enough of the white; then add enough of the green powder to make a
+bright color, and heat and stir thoroughly until the color is evenly
+distributed, then proceed as for sheeting white wax. The other colors
+are rubbed into the leaves after they are cut out, rubbing light or
+heavy according to shade.
+
+For patterns you can use any natural leaf, forming the creases in wax
+with the thumb nail or a needle. To put the flowers together, or the
+leaves on to the stem, hold in the hand until warm enough to stick. If
+the sheeted wax is to be used in summer, put in a little balsam of fir
+to make it hard. If for winter, none will be required.
+
+You can make many flowers without a teacher, but one to assist in the
+commencement would be a great help, though the most particular thing
+about it is to get the wax sheeted. The materials I have suggested can
+be procured at any drug store, and will cost from $3.00 to $4.50.
+
+
+
+
+                            CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+
+Dear lady subscriber, if you are a housekeeper, or ever intend to be
+one, this chapter will more than repay you for what you have given for
+this book. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of your
+household expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles
+you use in your daily household work of a superior quality—vastly
+better than the ones you are using at the present time.
+
+It is a fact not generally known that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the
+price the consumer pays for them. We propose to show the ladies of our
+great Continent how to have, in most instances, better articles than
+those they are in the habit of purchasing, and at a small percentage
+of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own personal investigation,
+gathered a number of valuable recipes together, and have paid for the
+privilege of using them. Remember, these are not common recipes, but a
+full explanation of the manufacture of different articles needed in
+every household; and they combine the embodied wisdom of practical and
+successful men and women of the past and present.
+
+We give in this chapter a number of recipes which have never before
+been published, and which, once possessing, you will never wish to be
+without, as they are truly marvelous discoveries. The first three
+every mother should have; the remainder no housekeeper should be
+without.
+
+No. 1 is
+
+
+                            HEALING SALVE.
+
+This salve heals all sores, chaps, cuts, bruises, sore lips, chafed
+limbs, roughness, etc. It is invaluable as a healing ointment and may
+be applied to the tenderest skin without injury, and yet it will heal
+the most painful sores. A three-ounce box will only cost you ten
+cents, and the directions are so plain that a child can follow them.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take one ounce of sweet oil, one-half ounce of camphor gum,
+and one-half ounce of mutton tallow. Melt all together over a slow
+fire, and stir continually until cold.
+
+_To use:_ Rub on part affected at night; wash off in the morning with
+warm water and castile soap.
+
+No. 2 is
+
+
+                         MAGNETIC CROUP CURE.
+
+This is the best remedy for croup ever discovered. It will save
+parents much trouble and anxiety. With this remedy all that is
+necessary is (if you have any fear of croup on putting your child to
+bed) to take a piece of brown paper large enough to cover the throat
+and chest and spread it with the ointment and put across the throat
+and lungs; place over that several thicknesses of flannel so as to
+keep the stomach warm, and keep in place with a string or bandage. Put
+the child to bed, and you need have no fear of croup that night. This
+ointment is also excellent for cuts, bruises or sores. Twelve cents
+will make enough to last a year, even if you use it frequently.
+
+_Recipe:_ One-half pound of lard, quarter of a pound of raisins,
+quarter pound of fine cut chewing tobacco. In the morning place the
+tobacco in a tin can and cover it with water; set it on the stove and
+let it cook and boil all day, replacing the water when it is
+necessary; then squeeze all the juice from the tobacco. The next
+morning chop your raisins, put them in the tobacco water and cook well
+till noon; then again squeeze the raisins out of this water. Now to
+this water add the lard and let them simmer together until the water
+is evaporated. Now the croup remedy is ready for use. On putting the
+child to bed, if you fear an attack, take a piece of brown paper large
+enough to cover the throat and chest and spread it over with the
+ointment and put it across the throat and lungs. Place over that and
+tie several thicknesses of flannel; put the child to bed, cover up
+warmly, and you need have no fear of croup that night.
+
+If taken with croup unexpectedly, on hearing the cough, spread a piece
+of brown paper with the ointment and lay it across the throat and
+chest; then heat flannel as hot as can be borne and lay over the
+paper; change in about ten minutes for another hot cloth. If no fire
+is on while waiting for it, heat cloths on a lamp chimney. As soon as
+you get the stomach covered and warm, give a teaspoonful of melted
+butter; repeat the dose in five minutes.
+
+No. 3 is
+
+
+                             WORM ELIXIR.
+
+The best remedy for worms known. No mother should be without it. Also,
+if given occasionally it is a splendid preventive. Children will never
+be troubled with worms who are given a dose of this once a month, or
+fortnight.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage
+leaves, and tansy leaves, of each half an ounce; tincture in a pint of
+brandy two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to
+once a month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms
+as long as you do this.
+
+
+                            WORM VERMIFUGE.
+
+Make a strong decoction of sage, two parts; wormseed, one part;
+strain, and add sugar enough to make into candy, and let the child eat
+of it. Infallible.
+
+No. 4 is
+
+
+                 BRILLIANT SELF-SHINING STOVE POLISH.
+
+This is one of the greatest inventions of the age. It has been the
+result of a large amount of study on the part of the inventor to
+perfect a polish that would work easily and satisfactorily in a
+perfectly dry state, thereby obviating the disagreeable task of mixing
+and preparing. A good stove polish is an absolute necessity in every
+family. To be assured that this is the best you need give it only one
+trial. Now, remember, first, that this polish requires no water or
+mixing like the various cake and powder polishes; second, that it is
+self-shining and no labor is required; and third, that it has no equal
+in the world.
+
+Below are the recipe and directions for preparing this polish. You can
+prepare enough in ten minutes to last a year. A box holding two ounces
+will cost but three cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Get from the hardware store plumbago (blacklead), pulverize
+it finely and it is ready for use.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Use a damp woolen rag, dip in the polish and
+apply to the stove; then rub with a dry cloth, and a most beautiful
+polish will appear.
+
+No. 5 is
+
+
+                       WONDERFUL STARCH ENAMEL.
+
+For polishing shirt bosoms, collars, cuffs, lace curtains, etc.,
+putting on the same gloss and hard pearl finish as when bought at the
+store new. Every lady should use the wonderful enamel for the
+following reasons: It enables an ordinary ironer to compete with any
+laundry; it makes the clothes clear and white; it makes clothes iron
+smoothly, and prevents the iron sticking; it makes old linen look
+like new; and it saves a woman many hours' hard work each week. It is
+easily made, and five cents' worth will last an ordinary family six
+months.
+
+_Recipe:_ Melt half a pound of refined paraffine wax in a tin pan over
+a slow fire. When melted remove from the fire and add twenty drops of
+oil of citronella. Take a tin pan and oil with sweet oil, put the pan
+on a level table, and pour in enough of the hot wax to make a depth of
+an eighth of an inch. When cool, but not cold, cut in pieces about the
+size of an ordinary candy lozenge. Lay them aside to cool, but do not
+let them touch each other.
+
+_Directions for use:_ To a pint of boiling starch stir in one cake.
+Use starch while warm.
+
+No. 6 is
+
+
+                         ROYAL WASHING POWDER
+
+—the laundress' assistant; warranted not to injure the finest fabric.
+No acid; no potash. In the wash room it saves time, labor, expense,
+muscle, temper, and hands. The clothes will come out cleaned and
+white, without wear or tear or rubbing on washboards, therefore will
+last twice as long. For housecleaning it is unequaled. One girl can
+wash more clothes, paint, walls, windows or floors in a day with
+perfect ease with this powder than she could in four days with hard
+labor, soap, and scrubbing brush, and the paint will look new and
+bright. It only requires to be tested to be appreciated. Packages of
+one pound will only cost seven cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Mix any quantity of soda ash with an equal quantity of
+carbonate of soda crushed into coarse grains. Have a thin solution of
+glue or decoction of linseed oil ready, into which pour the soda until
+quite thick. Spread out in a warm apartment to dry. When dry shake up
+well and pack away for use. Use as other washing powders.
+
+No. 7 is
+
+
+                          MAGIC ANNIHILATOR.
+
+Removes all kinds of grease and oil spots from every kind of
+wearing-apparel—such as coats, pants, vests, dress goods, carpets,
+etc.—without injury to the finest silks or laces. It will shampoo
+like a charm, raising the lather in proportion to the amount of
+dandruff and grease in the hair. A cloth wet with it will remove all
+grease from door knobs, window sills, etc., handled by kitchen
+domestics in their daily round of kitchen work. For cleaning silver,
+brass, and copper ware it cannot be beaten. It is certain death to
+bedbugs, for they will never stop after they have encountered the
+Magic Annihilator. It is useful for many other things. A quart bottle
+costs about ten cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ To make half a gallon, take aqua ammonia, one pint; soft
+water, one-half gallon; best white soap, one-half pound; saltpetre,
+one ounce. Shave the soap fine, add the water, boil until the soap is
+dissolved, then add the saltpetre, stirring until dissolved. Now
+strain, let the suds settle, skim off the dry suds, add the ammonia,
+and bottle and cork at once.
+
+_Directions for use:_ For grease spots, pour upon the article to be
+cleaned a sufficient quantity of the Magic Annihilator, rubbing well
+with a clean sponge and applying to both sides of the article. Upon
+carpets and coarse goods where the grease is hard and dry use a stiff
+brush and wash out with clear cold water. For shampooing, take a small
+quantity, with an equal quantity of water; apply to the hair with a
+stiff brush, brushing into the scalp, and wash out with clear water.
+For killing bedbugs, apply to the places they frequent.
+
+No. 8 is
+
+
+                         I X L BAKING POWDER.
+
+An unsurpassed article. Can be relied on for strength and purity. So
+many of the baking powders sold contain injurious substances and are
+altogether unreliable. This powder can be relied on for strength and
+purity. It produces the most delightfully white, light and flaky
+biscuits. For cakes it is unsurpassed. Try it and be convinced. This
+powder is composed of the very best and purest substances, and
+therefore is perfectly wholesome. Any lady can prepare enough in a few
+minutes to last her six months. It will only cost a trifle—not
+one-quarter of what you would have to pay your grocer for the same
+amount.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take one pound of _tartaric_ acid (in _crystals_), one and
+one-half pounds bicarbonate of soda, and one and one-half pounds of
+potato or corn starch. Each must be powdered separately, well dried by
+a slow fire, and well mixed through a sieve. Pack hard in a tin, or
+paper glazed on the outside. Buy the articles from a druggist.
+
+_Directions for use:_ For biscuits, pie crust, johnnycake, etc., use
+three teaspoonfuls to one quart of flour or meal; for cakes, two
+teaspoonfuls to a teacup of flour. Mix well with the flour.
+
+No. 9 is
+
+
+                           ELECTRIC POWDER.
+
+This is one of the best articles on our list—something that every
+housekeeper needs. It is used for gold, silver, plated ware, German
+silver, copper, brass, tin, steel, window glass, or any material where
+a brilliant luster is required. To make two ounces costs but three
+cents, and it is the best article of its kind known.
+
+_Recipe:_ To one pound best quality whiting add one-half pound cream
+tartar and three ounces calcined magnesia. Mix thoroughly together and
+store away for use.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Use the polish dry, with a piece of canton
+flannel moistened with water or alcohol, and finish with the polish
+dry.
+
+No. 10 is
+
+
+                FRENCH POLISH OR DRESSING FOR LEATHER.
+
+This is a grand article. All that is necessary is to have your boots
+clean and apply this dressing with a sponge. The boots appear like the
+very best French leather. Much hard work is saved, as no brushing is
+required. To make a quart vessel full will only cost about twenty
+cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Mix half a pint of the best vinegar with a quarter pint of
+soft water; stir into it one ounce of glue (broken up), two ounces
+log-wood chips, one-sixteenth ounce of finely-powdered indigo,
+one-sixteenth ounce of the best soft soap, one-sixteenth ounce of
+isinglass. Put the mixture over the fire, let it boil ten minutes or
+more; then strain, bottle and cork. When cold it is fit for use. Apply
+with a sponge.
+
+No. 11 is
+
+
+                           ARTIFICIAL HONEY.
+
+Equal to bee honey, and often mistaken by the best judges to be
+genuine. It is palatable and luxurious. All persons are more or less
+aware that honey should be used in every household, and it would be so
+if every family could have it at a very moderate price. As a
+health-establishing nutriment in the chamber of the invalid, and as a
+delicious luxury for the well, honey cannot be too highly recommended.
+Any one using this honey regularly will find that he is strengthened
+and refreshed by it. He will have greater energy and if at all
+inclined to dyspepsia will find himself greatly helped. This honey
+costs but eight cents per pound to prepare, and our directions are so
+simple a child ten years old can follow them.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take two ounces of slippery elm bark and put into three
+quarts of warm water and let it stand four hours; strain and add eight
+pounds of white sugar; boil four minutes; then add one pound of bee
+honey while hot. Flavor with a drop of the oil of peppermint and a
+drop of the oil of rose.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Any lady will readily see what a saving the possession of the above
+recipes may cause in her household expense. Thus, you can get a ten
+cent box of stove polish for three cents, a twenty-five cent package
+of washing powder for seven cents, a twenty-five cent box of starch
+enamel for five cents, etc. Any of the articles contained in the list
+will take but a short time to prepare a large supply.
+
+
+                     POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES.
+
+The first thing to do in a case of poisoning is to cause the ejection
+of the poison by vomiting. To do this, place mustard mixed with salt
+on the tongue and give large quantities of lukewarm water; or, tickle
+the throat with a feather. These failing, instantly resort to active
+emetics, like tartar emetic, sulphate of copper or sulphate of zinc.
+After vomiting has taken place with these, aid it, if possible, by
+copious draughts of warm water until the poison is entirely removed.
+Of course, if vomiting cannot be induced the stomach pump must be
+employed, especially if arsenic or narcotics have been taken. The
+following table may be useful for emergencies:—
+
+    POISONS.                                 ANTIDOTES.
+    Acids,                       Alkalies: Soap and milk, chalk or soda.
+    Alkalies,                    Vegetable acids, vinegar, oil in
+                                 abundance.
+    Alcohol,                     Common salt, moderately.
+    Arsenic,                     Send for the doctor and his stomach pump.
+    Antimony,                    Oak bark, strong green tea.
+    Baryta or lime,              Epsom salts, oils, magnesia.
+    Bismuth,                     White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Copper,                      White of eggs, strong coffee.
+    Gases,                       Cold douche, followed by friction.
+    Iodine,                      Starch, wheat flour in water.
+    Creosote,                    White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Lead,                        Strong lemonade, Epsom salts.
+    Opium and other narcotics,   Emetics, cold douche, and heat.
+    Phosphorus,                  Magnesia in copious draughts.
+    Zinc,                        White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Mad-dog bite,                Apply fire in some form to the wound,
+                                 thoroughly and immediately.
+    Bite of insect,              Ammonia, applied freely.
+    Bite of serpent,             Same as for mad dog, followed by whisky
+                                 to intoxication.
+
+The foregoing are the more common and more important poisons and their
+antidotes.—_Buckeye._
+
+
+                            TURKISH LOTION.
+
+_The New and Wonderful Discovery for Beautifying the Skin._
+
+Gives to a woman of forty the fresh, bright complexion of a girl. No
+more wrinkles, crow's-feet or sallowness.
+
+Turkish Lotion completely cures freckles, pimples, blackheads, moles
+and superfluous hair, tan, greasy skin, blotches, redness, sore or
+chapped lips, chapped and red, rough hands; and, best of all,
+completely eradicates and prevents wrinkles, crow's-feet, and
+sallowness.
+
+Turkish Lotion creates a perfect complexion.
+
+After using Turkish Lotion for a short time a lady's skin will be as
+exquisitely soft and velvety, as clear and pure, as that of a little
+child. It is not an artificial cosmetic, but a cleansing, refining,
+whitening tonic. It feeds and nourishes the skin, preventing and
+banishing wrinkles, crow's-feet, and sallowness. It is perfectly
+harmless and composed of the purest ingredients.
+
+Turkish Lotion is invaluable to every lady. It conceals the evidences
+of age. By its use a lady of middle-age will have the charming, fresh
+look of a girl. Every womanly woman desires to appear fresh and
+youthful as long as possible, thereby making herself the wonder of her
+own sex and the admiration of the opposite. By using this lotion
+according to directions every lady may have a fresh, rosy tinted
+complexion of exquisite pearly fairness, free from wrinkles,
+crow's-feet, and sallowness.
+
+One application will make the most stubbornly red and rough hands
+beautifully soft and white.
+
+Turkish Lotion is not a paint or powder, but a new and great
+discovery—a cleansing, healing, whitening tonic that causes the cheek
+to glow with healthy action of the skin, and the neck, arms and hands
+to assume an exquisite pearly whiteness. By its use all redness and
+roughness is prevented and the skin is beautified and rendered soft,
+smooth, and white, thereby imparting a delicate, refined loveliness
+impossible to describe. Any lady using Turkish Lotion will present a
+fresh, youthful, natural appearance, with a pearly, rose-tinted
+complexion that is positively bewitching. It is without doubt the best
+face lotion ever discovered, being as it is a medicated lotion
+possessing healing qualities. Many ladies are troubled during cold
+weather with sore lips, rough, parched skin, and chapped hands upon
+the slightest exposure. By moistening at night with this wash the
+parts affected, all soreness and roughness will be completely cured
+and the face and hands will be as delicately soft and smooth as those
+of a little child.
+
+No one need suffer any longer from any defect of the skin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Recipe for Turkish Lotion:_ To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum
+benzoin add seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half
+ounce of glycerine.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Bathe face, neck, and hands with Turkish Lotion
+at night, letting it dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very
+little pure white castile soap and soft water. If the water is hard,
+add a very little dissolved borax. This will prevent and cure greasy
+skin, freckles, tan, wrinkles, pimples, blackheads, crow's-feet,
+blotches, sunburn, chapped hands, sore lips, rough skin, etc.
+
+_To Cure Sallowness:_ Use as above directed, and ask your druggist for
+some good iron tablets. Take as directed. In a short time your
+complexion will be beautifully white and rose-tinted.
+
+_To Remove Hairy Moles and Superfluous Hair:_ Procure prepared pumice
+stone from your druggist; cut the hair as close as possible to the
+skin, dip the pumice in cold water and rub on the part on which the
+hairs grow, commencing gently at first (as it may cause slight
+irritation of the skin), then gradually increase the friction. After
+using the pumice stone, anoint freely each time with Turkish Lotion.
+Do this twice daily, and it will surely remove superfluous hair.
+
+Always, after using Turkish Lotion, rub gently with the hands until
+the skin becomes dry. This will remove and prevent wrinkles and
+lines.
+
+
+
+
+                                INDEX.
+
+
+                                                        PAGE.
+Almond paste for the hands,                               48
+Apt to be hasty,                                          80
+All is fair in love and war,                              81
+Age to marry, the best,                                   99
+Age of puberty to marriage, from the,                    107
+A happy marriage, the basis of,                          118
+Abortion,                                                128
+Abortion, the cause of,                                  129
+Abortion, means of preventing,                           133
+Amenorrhœa—suppression of the menses,                    140
+Alterative, or liver powder,                             147
+Anti-dyspeptic pills,                                    147
+Ague pills,                                              148
+Ague drops,                                              149
+Anodyne headache pills,                                  149
+Arrowroot jelly,                                         157
+Arrowroot gruel,                                         159
+Autumn leaves and ferns, to prepare,                     181
+Articles of white zephyr, to clean,                      184
+Artificial honey,                                        205
+
+Breath, to purify the,                                    31
+Bleach and purify the skin, to,                           31
+Bloom rose,                                               34
+Brilliant, beautiful eyes, how to have,                   35
+Beautiful eyelashes, how to have,                         36
+Beautiful mouth and lips, to have a,                      39
+Bleaching lotion,                                         47
+Baldness, to cure,                                        61
+Bleach the hair, to,                                      63
+Boston Burnet powder,                                     65
+Birth of the first child,                                 89
+Bleeding at the lungs,                                   151
+Barley water,                                            157
+Bread jelly,                                             159
+Beef liquid,                                             159
+Beef tea,                                                160
+Bedbugs, to get rid of,                                  166
+Bleach the leaves, to,                                   181
+Bluing,                                                  183
+Blue powder, to make,                                    188
+Brush, the,                                              189
+Bronze work,                                             191
+Bronzing, directions for,                                193
+Bronzing statuettes,                                     194
+Begonia stemming, to make,                               195
+Brilliant self-shining stove polish,                     202
+
+Cleopatra's freckle balm,                                 29
+Cure profuse perspiration, to,                            31
+Cleopatra's enamel,                                       31
+Cure freckles, to,                                        31
+Cosmetic bath, a,                                         32
+Certain cure for eruptions,                               34
+Clear the complexion, to,                                 34
+Cure and refine a blotched skin, to,                      34
+Cure and prevent wrinkles, to,                            34
+Cure weak eyes, to,                                       36
+Cure watery and inflamed eyes, to,                        37
+Care of the teeth, the,                                   40
+Cure foul breath, to,                                     44
+Cure toothache, to,                                       44
+Camphorated chalk,                                        45
+Camphor paste,                                            45
+Cure red hands, to,                                       48
+Coarse hands, to whiten,                                  49
+Chapped hands,                                            51
+Cause the skin to become satin-smooth, to,                51
+Cause the bloom of youth to return,                       52
+Cause the hair to grow, to,                               60
+Charm those whom you meet, to,                            72
+Courtship a momentous matter,                             83
+Conception,                                              121
+Change, a remarkable,                                    121
+Changes in the breast,                                   122
+Childbirth a natural process,                            123
+Cramps of the legs, etc.,                                126
+Chlorosis, or green sickness,                            137
+Cessation of the menses—change of life,                  141
+Cathartic and liver pills,                               147
+Certain remedy for ague,                                 148
+Consumption, for,                                        151
+Cough syrup,                                             152
+Cough mixture,                                           152
+Compound tincture of myrrh,                              152
+Cordial for summer complaints,                           153
+Coffee milk,                                             160
+Crust, coffee,                                           161
+Cranberry water,                                         161
+Chicken broth,                                           161
+Calves'-foot jelly,                                      162
+Chambers,                                                176
+Coffee starch,                                           183
+Copper bronze,                                           194
+
+Decayed teeth, for,                                       44
+Decayed teeth, mixture for,                               46
+Dye the hair flaxen, to,                                  63
+Days of the week—their importance,                        68
+Duration of pregnancy,                                   123
+Diet, the,                                               124
+Detection of pregnancy, sure test for the,               127
+Delayed menstruation,                                    135
+Duty of mothers,                                         135
+Dyspeptic ley,                                           148
+Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy,                             154
+Deafness,                                                155
+Drink in dysentery,                                      161
+Drunkenness, to cure,                                    168
+Different kinds of perfume, to make,                     169
+Dining-room,                                             177
+Do your own stamping, how to,                            187
+Dry stamping,                                            188
+Distributor, to make a,                                  188
+Dark blue powder,                                        189
+Decalcomania,                                            196
+
+Eruptions,                                                24
+Extreme paleness,                                         26
+Excoriations,                                             28
+Eyes, to cure weak,                                       36
+Eyes, to care watery and inflamed,                        37
+Eyes, general care of,                                    37
+Eyelashes, to improve the,                                36
+Eyelashes, to have beautiful,                             36
+Elegant hair, to have,                                    60
+Electrical psychology,                                    69
+Early marriage,                                           99
+Everything for love,                                     111
+Expectorant tincture,                                    152
+Eggs,                                                    165
+Extract the essential oil from flowers, to,              168
+Enamel for shirt bosoms,                                 184
+Exotic leaves,                                           194
+Electric powder,                                         205
+
+Freckles,                                                 25
+Freckles, to remove,                                      29
+Flesh-worms, to remove,                                   30
+French face wash,                                         32
+French lip salve,                                         40
+Fine tooth powder,                                        44
+Finger nails, the,                                        49
+French remedy for baldness,                               63
+Fortunate and unfortunate days,                           67
+Fondness for cousins,                                     95
+Flirtation,                                               96
+False sense of duty,                                     112
+Falling of the womb,                                     143
+Fever powder,                                            149
+French milk porridge,                                    160
+Fluid, No. 1, 2, and 3,                                  163
+Fresh-blown flowers in winter,                           166
+Flour starch,                                            184
+Fine starch,                                             184
+Fruit stains,                                            185
+Flannels, to wash,                                       186
+Floral basket in bronze,                                 193
+French polish for leather,                               205
+
+German lip salve,                                         41
+Golden hair secret, the,                                  62
+Gestation, period of,                                    122
+Gum acacia restorative,                                  164
+Get rid of bedbugs and mosquitoes, how to,               166
+Gall soap,                                               183
+Grease, to take out,                                     185
+Green bronze,                                            193
+Geranium leaves,                                         196
+
+Hands, chapped,                                           51
+Hair, the,                                                52
+Hair restorative,                                         61
+Hair, to bleach,                                          63
+Hair, to dye flaxen,                                      63
+Hair, keeping curled and crimped,                         63
+Hair, powder for preserving,                              64
+Hair to make grow quickly,                                64
+Hair falling out, to prevent,                             65
+Human temperaments, the,                                  66
+How to charm those whom you meet,                         72
+Hop bitters,                                             146
+Home decoration,                                         171
+House plants, to care for,                               179
+Healing salve,                                           200
+
+Itch, the,                                                17
+Improve the skin, to,                                     33
+Improving the hair, for,                                  63
+Important advice to females,                              68
+Inverted toe-nail,                                       156
+Irish moss jelly,                                        158
+Isinglass jelly,                                         158
+Iron rust, to remove,                                    185
+I X L baking powder,                                     204
+
+Kalydor for the complexion,                               33
+
+Lemon cream,                                              29
+Lip salve, white, No. 1,                                  40
+Lip salve, No. 2,                                         40
+Love and respect,                                         77
+Love and marriage,                                        94
+Leucorrhœa, whites, flour albus,                         144
+Laziness, to cure,                                       168
+
+Milk of roses,                                            33
+Mouth pastilles,                                          44
+Mixture for shampoo,                                      64
+Mesmerism,                                                70
+Marriage,                                                 73
+Married people,                                          102
+Monogamy,                                                116
+Marriage customs,                                        117
+Morning sickness,                                        126
+Menstruation,                                            134
+Malt infusion,                                           164
+Milk for infants,                                        165
+Magnetic croup cure,                                     201
+Magic annihilator,                                       203
+
+Necessary evils,                                         109
+Nutritive fluids,                                        162
+
+Preparation for whitening the skin,                       30
+Pimples, to remove,                                       32
+Pomade d'Hebe,                                            34
+Preservative tincture for the teeth,                      45
+Powder for preserving the hair,                           64
+Polygamy,                                                125
+Polyandry,                                               117
+Pregnancy, labor, parturition,                           121
+Parturient balm,                                         128
+Premature labor,                                         128
+Pills for asthma,                                        151
+Pills for chronic bronchitis,                            151
+Pills for neuralgia,                                     151
+Pills for dysentery,                                     150
+Pile ointment,                                           155
+Panado,                                                  160
+Prevent horses being teased by flies,                    167
+Prevent flies lighting on windows, pictures, etc.,       167
+Poisons and their antidotes,                             206
+
+Rouge, liquid,                                            33
+Rye tooth powder,                                         45
+Red hands, to cure,                                       48
+Rough hands, to cure,                                     49
+Rheumatic pills,                                         150
+Rice water,                                              157
+Refreshing drink, a,                                     157
+Rice,                                                    158
+Rice jelly,                                              158
+Rice gruel,                                              158
+Restorative jelly,                                       160
+Render paper fireproof, to,                              168
+Royal washing powder,                                    203
+Rashes and redness,                                       27
+
+Skin, the,                                                22
+Scurf, scurvy,                                            27
+Soften and whiten the skin,                               30
+Soft, white hands,                                        46
+Sexual intercourse—its laws and conditions,              105
+Seduction,                                               110
+Soothing cough mixture,                                  152
+Scrofulous syrup,                                        153
+Sago gruel,                                              159
+Scorch, to take out,                                     183
+
+Turkish lotion,                                          207
+
+Wrinkles,                                                 28
+Wrinkles, to remove,                                      35
+Wrinkles, lotion for,                                     35
+Wrinkles, wash for,                                       35
+Wash for scald heads,                                     65
+Whiten the skin, to,                                      65
+Warts,                                                    51
+Waterproof boots, to prepare,                            168
+Worm elixir,                                             201
+Wonderful starch enamel,                                 203
+
+
+
+
+                          TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
+
+
+Obvious typographical errors have been fixed. See below for the
+detailed list.
+
+
+page  11—typo fixed: changed 'Decalcomanie' to 'Decalcomania'
+page  14—typo fixed: changed 'Feuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'
+page  15—typo fixed: changed 'Montey' to 'Montez'
+page  27—typo fixed: changed 'expoliation' to 'exfoliation'
+page  31—typo fixed: changed 'pitachia' to 'pistachia'
+page  32—typo fixed: changed 'skum' to 'scum'
+page  39—typo fixed: changed 'domimonde' to 'demimonde'
+page  43—typo fixed: changed 'opreation' to 'operation'
+page  44—typo fixed: changed 'Teuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'
+page  45—typo fixed: changed 'Talk' to 'Take'
+page  51—typo fixed: changed 'particulary' to 'particularly'
+page  59—typo fixed: changed 'strengh' to 'strength'
+page  72—typo fixed: changed 'magnitized' to 'magnetized'
+page  72—typo fixed: changed 'through' to 'though'
+page  90—typo fixed: changed 'bady' to 'baby'
+page  93—typo fixed: changed 'elevaton' to 'elevation'
+page 101—typo fixed: changed 'eighteeth' to 'eighteenth'
+page 102—typo fixed: changed 'probabilty' to 'probability'
+page 106—typo fixed: changed 'Carpentar' to 'Carpenter'
+page 122—typo fixed: changed 'preceptible' to 'perceptible'
+page 128—typo fixed: changed 'increase' to 'increases'
+page 153—typo fixed: changed 'rhubard' to 'rhubarb'
+page 155—typo fixed: changed 'corbonate' to 'carbonate'
+page 191—typo fixed: changed 'tupentine' to 'turpentine'
+page 202—typo fixed: changed 'diagreeable' to 'disagreeable'
+page 206—typo fixed: changed 'flower' to 'flour'
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
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diff --git a/26368-0.zip b/26368-0.zip
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+Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Ladies Book of Useful Information
+       Compiled from many sources
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2008 [EBook #26368]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LADIES BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Irma Spehar and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions
+(www.canadiana.org))
+
+
+
+
+
+                           THE LADIES' BOOK
+                                  OF
+                          USEFUL INFORMATION.
+
+
+                      COMPILED FROM MANY SOURCES.
+
+
+                             London, Ont.:
+              LONDON PRINTING & LITHOGRAPHING CO. (LTD.)
+                                 1896.
+
+Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year
+1897, on behalf of the unnamed author, by P. J. Edmunds, at the
+Department of Agriculture. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+
+
+
+
+                               Preface.
+
+
+To the ladies of America is this little work, "THE LADIES' BOOK OF
+USEFUL INFORMATION," dedicated. It is a book written expressly for
+women. This book is full from cover to cover of useful and necessary
+information for women. Never before has so much knowledge with which
+women should be acquainted been printed in one book. It is a perfect
+storehouse of useful facts. Almost every lady spends many dollars
+every year for cosmetics, medicines, household articles, etc., which
+this book would save her.
+
+This is a book which every lady should have, and which every mother
+should place in the hands of her daughters as they come to years of
+understanding. Every girl of twelve and upwards should read this
+valuable work.
+
+Many books costing from three to five dollars do not contain half the
+information contained in this work. Everything described in this
+preface is taught in this book.
+
+It teaches ladies the secret of Youth, Beauty, Health.
+
+The first chapter teaches all about Personal Beauty.
+
+Every lady desires to be beautiful, and it is the duty of every woman
+to be as attractive as possible. All may enhance their charms and be
+lovely by following the directions of this book. Few persons know how
+to improve their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the
+admiration of those whom they meet. This book tells the wonderful
+secret--all the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered
+since. It teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness.
+The real secret of changing an ordinary looking person into one of
+great beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for
+us, but art must make the perfect man or woman.
+
+If you desire bright, melting eyes, a clear, soft, rose-tinted
+complexion, beautiful hands and graceful figure, well-developed and
+perfect, use the knowledge which you will find in this book.
+
+It teaches how to acquire a beautiful, delicate loveliness which
+cannot be surpassed, and which can be retained to a very late age. By
+means of this teaching a woman of thirty-five or forty can easily pass
+for a girl of twenty-five.
+
+It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age, and how to make the
+most stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white.
+Remember that "THE LADIES' BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION" does not teach
+the use of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how
+to make the _cheek glow_ with health, and the _neck_, _arms_ and
+_hands_ to rival the lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy
+Skin, Freckles, Pimples, Wrinkles, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches,
+Face Grubs, Tan, Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc.
+
+It teaches how to cure and prevent redness and roughness, and to make
+the skin soft, smooth, white and delicate, producing a perfectly
+natural appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin,
+so that it will be clear and white.
+
+It tells what has never before been published: How to restore a fair,
+rosy complexion to its original freshness, after it has become sallow
+and faded. This is a wonderful secret, and is sure in its results. It
+will also cause those who have always been pale to have beautiful,
+bright, rosy cheeks, and the eyes to be brilliant and sparkling.
+
+It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this book. The most
+coarse, rough, red hands will, by following this teaching, become
+beautifully delicate and white, and it causes very little trouble to
+care for them.
+
+It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and to
+have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy, to cure Dandruff, to prevent the hair falling, and
+to have it of a nice glossy hue.
+
+It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes; also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.
+
+It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.
+
+It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.
+
+It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet, Bad
+Breath, etc.
+
+It teaches how to bleach, purify and whiten the most stubbornly red,
+rough skin, so that it will be beautifully clear and white; and a
+complexion that is naturally passable will be admired by all who see
+it after being treated as here described.
+
+The second chapter teaches: The different human temperaments; how to
+tell to which temperament you belong yourself, and also the
+temperaments of those whom you meet;
+
+The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month, and their importance
+at the hour of birth;
+
+Important advice to females regarding their thirty-first year;
+
+How to know whom you will marry;
+
+The signs of a good genius;
+
+All about Electrical Psychology, or Psychological
+Fascination--Mesmerism;
+
+How to make persons at a distance think of you (this is a purely
+natural phenomenon);
+
+How to win the affection of the person of the opposite sex whom you
+sincerely love. There is no black art about this, but merely
+psychological attraction, and by its use you can win the love of the
+person whose affection you desire.
+
+When you desire the "love" of any one whom you meet, you can very
+readily reach him if you observe the directions here given.
+
+Chapter three is a special chapter for young women, on a special
+subject, and contains advice which every young lady should study.
+
+It teaches them: What marriage is, and explains how highly injurious
+it is to entertain low ideas regarding it;
+
+How a young lady should act in the presence of young men;
+
+What a girl should do when a prospect of marriage occurs.
+
+It tells some of the most prolific sources of matrimonial
+difficulties, and how to remedy them;
+
+What ladies should do who desire that their husbands should be amiable
+and kind;
+
+What attentions are due to you _as a lady_.
+
+Cautions against the failing of young ladies making themselves too
+cheap.
+
+Tells what "woman" is formed to be.
+
+Warns against indiscretions before marriage, and teaches that under
+all circumstance a lady will be looked to to resist any advances, and
+maintain her purity and virtue.
+
+Tells what is the nature, naturally, of young women;
+
+How a young woman should act when receiving the attentions of a young
+man;
+
+How you will know when the young man whom you _should marry_ presents
+himself to you;
+
+What a man needs a wife for, and how to qualify yourself for the
+position;
+
+About misunderstandings in early married life;
+
+How a young mother feels towards her first-born.
+
+Tells the good influence of virtuous love;
+
+What young people should know before they become engaged.
+
+Chapter four teaches about Love and Marriage; the attraction of the
+sexes for each other; what love is; what causes it; individual loves;
+fondness for cousins; different kinds of love; flirtation; the object
+of marriage; should marriage be for life.
+
+Chapter five: When to Marry--How to Select a Partner on Right
+Principles.
+
+Treats of the proper age to marry; which marriages are the most happy;
+which are the most productive of handsome children; how nature assists
+art in the choice of partners; the attributes of a handsome couple,
+etc.
+
+Chapter six: Sexual Intercourse--Its Laws and Conditions--Its Use and
+Abuse.
+
+There is an alarming and increasing prevalence of nervous ailments and
+complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+in the ignorance, which is so universal, of the laws of these organs.
+
+This chapter teaches all about sexual morality; how men and women
+should live; the law from the age of puberty to marriage; the law of
+marriage; what a man who truly loves a woman will do; a true union;
+how women are protected; the false and the true sense of duty; what is
+the most powerful restraint from evil.
+
+The above is discussed in a chaste, simple, manner, and should be read
+by every lady. There is nothing impure in this book from beginning to
+end, but subjects in which women are woefully ignorant are discussed
+in a plain, moral manner to which no objection can be raised.
+
+Chapter seven: Marriage.
+
+What marriage is; how far back the marriage tie has existed; polygamy,
+what it is; monogamy, what it is; polyandry, and what it is; marriage
+customs; the basis of a happy marriage, etc.
+
+Chapter eight: Pregnancy--Labor--Parturition.
+
+Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman than
+that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own, and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.
+
+This chapter explains all the signs of pregnancy; the changes that
+take place in the face and neck; the suppression of the monthly flow;
+changes in the breast, etc.
+
+Then it gives a sure test for the detection of pregnancy. It tells how
+a pregnant woman should live during the period of gestation.
+
+Childbirth is not necessarily either painful or dangerous. It can be
+accomplished easily and safely and with comparatively no pain by
+following the directions given in "THE LADIES' BOOK OF USEFUL
+INFORMATION."
+
+Numerous instances are known where ladies who had previously suffered
+with severe labor in childbirth have, by attending to the directions
+here given, been delivered of fine, healthy children with comparative
+ease.
+
+No mother who has attended to the teaching here given but has blessed
+the knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother much
+needless terror.
+
+It tells all about the ailments that almost always torment women
+during the trying time of pregnancy, making life itself seem a burden.
+
+These troubles are: Morning Sickness, Toothache, Palpitation of the
+Heart, etc. It shows that there is no necessity for women suffering as
+they almost invariably do during this time; but that these troubles
+may be overcome by simple, safe remedies which are described in this
+book, and which may be safely taken by the patient.
+
+It tells all about the medicine which is taken by the Indian women of
+North America during the period of gestation. It is well known that
+the women of these tribes suffer very little during childbirth, and it
+is almost all due to the effects of this wonderful medicine.
+
+The recipe for this medicine, "Parturient Balm," was obtained from an
+Indian doctor, and is given in this book, together with instructions
+as to how it is to be taken.
+
+This chapter alone is worth the price of the book to any lady. Every
+mother, and everyone who ever expects to become a mother, should
+carefully study the above chapter, as it may be the means of saving
+her much pain and suffering.
+
+The same chapter explains all about a case of labor; the signs that
+show when labor has commenced; what to give to help the patient; the
+different kinds of pains; the length of time between the pains; the
+length of time the pains should last, etc.; the taking of the child
+from the mother; how to care for the child; the taking away of the
+afterbirth; what to do in case of flooding; how to relieve afterpains,
+etc.
+
+It also explains what "Abortion" is; what causes abortion; what causes
+premature labor; the difference between the two; symptoms of
+threatened abortion, and how to prevent the same if possible; what to
+do for miscarriage, and to try and prevent it, etc.
+
+The ninth chapter teaches all about: Menstruation--Change of
+Life--Falling of the Womb, etc. Tells the time of life at which the
+menses should appear.
+
+Every mother should watch her young daughter as she nears this
+critical time. The health for many years to come depends to a great
+extent on how a girl passes this period. This chapter tells all the
+symptoms of the near approach of the monthly flow. It shows a mother
+how to care for her daughter, and to see that she has proper attention
+during this time.
+
+It tells the age at which the periodical flow should commence; the
+symptoms of its approach; how a girl should be treated at this time;
+how to cure Chlorosis, or Green Sickness; how to relieve and cure
+painful and suppressed menstruation, etc.
+
+If the instructions of this book are followed in cases like the above,
+it will save many young girls much needless suffering.
+
+This chapter also treats on: Whites, or Flour Albus, and Falling of
+the Womb.
+
+Many delicate women suffer great agony through these two distressing
+complaints. This chapter describes all the symptoms of these
+complaints, and gives simple, safe remedies for them. A lady can
+easily attend to herself and avoid exposure.
+
+It also treats on Change of Life.
+
+By the phrase "Change of Life," or "The Critical Period," we
+understand the final cessation or stoppage of the menses. This chapter
+explains all about this trying time, the symptoms of its appearance,
+and the ages at which it usually occurs.
+
+With proper care this period may be safely passed, and a happy and
+comfortable old age be spent. All the dangers incident to this period
+are described, and how to successfully combat them.
+
+Chapter ten: Collection of valuable Medical Compounds.
+
+Any of the formulas in this chapter will be readily filled by your
+druggist. Each recipe will give an article which is the _very best_
+thing that can be used for the disease which it is recommended to
+cure.
+
+The first is "Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer."
+
+Most people are afflicted to some extent with Kidney and Liver
+trouble. This medicine is a sure cure.
+
+Do you have:  A frequent headache over the eyes;
+              A susceptibility to chills and fever;
+              A bitter or oily taste in the mouth;
+              A sour stomach;
+              A complexion inclined to be yellow;
+              A great depression of spirits;
+              Specks before the eyes, and flushed face;
+              A done-out, tired feeling;
+
+besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have, you
+are afflicted with Kidney and Liver complaint, and should use "Magic
+Kidney and Liver Restorer." This great remedy will do away with all
+these disagreeable symptoms, and will make you feel like a new person.
+It is a splendid spring medicine, cleansing the blood and purifying
+and toning up the system.
+
+Another formula given is "Dyspeptic Ley."
+
+This is a _sure, certain_ cure for dyspepsia. It never fails.
+
+The symptoms of dyspepsia are:
+              Feeling of weight in the stomach;
+              Bloated condition after eating;
+              Belching of wind;
+              Nausea;
+              Vomiting of food;
+              Water brash;
+              Pain in the stomach;
+              Heartburn;
+              Bad taste in the mouth in the morning;
+              Palpitation of the heart;
+              Cankered mouth; loss of flesh;
+              Fickle appetite; depression of spirits;
+              Lack of energy; headache and constipation.
+
+If you have _any or all_ of the above symptoms, then you are afflicted
+with Dyspepsia, and should endeavor to obtain relief. "Dyspeptic Ley"
+is a certain cure. It is easily prepared, and should be taken by
+everyone who is afflicted with any of the above distressing symptoms.
+
+The same chapter tells how to cure Ague, Intermittent Fever,
+Neuralgia, Sick Headache, Neuralgic Headache, Rheumatism, Dysentery,
+Epileptic Fits, Hysteria, Bleeding of the Lungs, Coughs, Bowel
+Complaint, Scrofula, Worms, Sore Eyes, Cholera, Piles, Warts, Corns,
+Deafness, Inverted Toe-nail, etc.
+
+All these diseases are described, together with the best method of
+treating them.
+
+Chapter eleven teaches how to Prepare Nourishment for the Sick Room.
+Very few people know how to prepare nourishment for the sick. This
+chapter teaches how to prepare a great number of nourishing dishes.
+Every lady should know how to prepare food for the sick, as at some
+time or other there is almost certain to be sickness in every family.
+There are over forty recipes given in this chapter for food for the
+sick and convalescent.
+
+Chapter twelve describes things Curious and Useful.
+
+It tells: How to get clear of mosquitoes; how to get rid of bedbugs;
+to obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter. By this process the buds of
+flowers can be gathered in summer and autumn and kept until the
+winter, when they can be used as required. The flowers open and are as
+beautiful as though fresh plucked from the garden. Any one can
+understand the process, as it is very simple.
+
+Also: How to transfer all kinds of pictures on to glass--a very pretty
+art; how to prevent horses being teased by flies; how to prevent flies
+lighting on to windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; to render paper
+fireproof; to render boots waterproof; how to extract the essential
+oil from any flower; how to take leaf photographs; to cure
+drunkenness; to make different kinds of perfumes; to write secret
+letters, etc.;
+
+To prepare flowers so that their beauty will remain unimpaired for
+years. Roses and other flowers can be had to last for years by this
+beautiful art. The process is very easy, and the directions are so
+simple that a child may follow them.
+
+Chapter thirteen treats of Home Decoration.
+
+It teaches how to arrange a house so as to furnish it cheaply and
+harmoniously. It gives complete instructions for every room--Hall,
+Parlor, Library, Dining-room, Bedrooms, etc., and attends to every
+detail. This is a splendid guide to all who wish to make their home
+attractive.
+
+Chapter fourteen teaches all about caring for House Plants. It tells
+the right temperature to keep them in; the proper soil for potting;
+how to make plants grow luxuriantly; how to have plenty of blossoms;
+to keep plants without a fire at night; to destroy bugs and
+rose-slugs; to raise plants with the least trouble; the best varieties
+of plants to raise, etc.
+
+It tells how to preserve autumn leaves so that they can be bent in any
+form desired, and so that they will retain their color.
+
+It tells how to prepare skeleton leaves--a very pretty amusement.
+
+Chapter fifteen is devoted to The Laundry.
+
+It tells: How to make washing fluid; to take out scorch; to make
+plain, fine, and coffee starch; to make enamel for shirt bosoms, so
+that any housekeeper can do them up as nicely as they do at the
+laundry; to clean velvets and ribbons; to take grease out of silks,
+woolens, paper, floors, etc.; to take out fruit stains; to take out
+iron rust and mildew; to wash woolen goods and blankets so that they
+will not shrink, etc.
+
+The sixteenth chapter teaches how to do all kinds of Stamping.
+
+In this chapter are given full instructions for wet and dry stamping;
+for making stamping powder; how to mix white paint for dark goods, and
+dark paint for light goods; it tells how to prepare all the necessary
+articles for stamping; how to prepare transfer paper; how to transfer
+any pattern you may see; how to make a distributor; how to enlarge
+designs; how to prepare all kinds of stamping powder; how to do French
+indelible stamping; what kind of a brush to use; and how to care for
+patterns. If the directions here given are followed the stamping will
+always be satisfactory.
+
+Chapter seventeen teaches how to do Bronze Work.
+
+Bronzing is the latest improvement in wax work, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive, artistic bronze. It is
+used for table, mantel and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to
+dust and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted
+like any piece of furniture, and makes a very desirable, inexpensive
+ornament. The colors it is made in are Gold, Silver, Copper, Fire, and
+Green Bronze. Among the articles described are a vase in bronze, a
+motto in bronze, a floral basket in bronze, animals and birds in
+bronze, statuary in bronze, flowers and leaves in bronze.
+
+The art of making each of the above articles is carefully described so
+that any one can follow the directions.
+
+The art of Decalcomania is also taught in this chapter. This is used
+upon almost everything for which ornamentation is required, such as
+Crockery, China, Porcelain, Vases, Glass, Bookcases, Folios, Boxes,
+Lap desks, Ribbons, etc. It is a very pretty art, and is much admired.
+
+Chapter eighteen gives twelve recipes for articles needed in every
+household. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of
+household expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles
+you use in your daily housework of a superior quality, vastly better
+than the ones you are using at the present time.
+
+It is a fact not generally known, that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the
+price the consumer pays. We purpose to show the readers of this book
+how to have, in most instances, better articles than those they buy,
+for a small percentage of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own
+personal investigation, gathered a number of valuable recipes
+together, and have paid for the privilege of using them.
+
+We give in "The Ladies' Book of Useful Information" twelve recipes
+which have never before been published, and which, if you once
+possess, you will never wish to be without, as they are truly valuable
+secrets.
+
+The list is as follows: Healing salve; Magnetic croup cure; Worm
+elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish; Wonderful starch enamel;
+Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I X L baking powder; Electric
+powder; French polish or dressing for leather; Artificial honey.
+
+It also contains a list of all the poisons and their antidotes. It
+describes the symptoms of poisoning and how to proceed in each case.
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER I.
+
+Teaches all about Personal Beauty. Every woman desires to be
+beautiful, and every woman may enhance her charms and be lovely by
+following the directions of this book. Few persons know how to improve
+their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the admiration
+of those whom they meet. This book tells this wonderful secret--all
+the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered since. It
+teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness. The real
+_secret_ of changing an ordinary looking person into one of great
+beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for us,
+but art must make the perfect man or woman. If you desire bright,
+melting eyes; a clear, soft, rosy-tinted complexion; beautiful hands;
+and graceful figure, well-developed and perfect, use the knowledge
+which you will find in this book.
+
+It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age; how to make the most
+stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white. Remember
+that "The Ladies' Book of Useful Information" does not teach the use
+of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how to make
+the cheek glow with health, and the neck, arms, and hands to rival the
+lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy Skin, Freckles,
+Wrinkles, Pimples, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches, Face Grubs, Tan,
+Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc. It teaches how to cure and
+prevent redness and roughness, and to make the skin soft, smooth,
+white and delicate, producing a perfectly healthy and natural
+appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin, so that
+it will be clear and white.
+
+It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this chapter.
+
+It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and to
+have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy; to cure dandruff; to prevent the hair falling, and
+to have it of a nice color.
+
+It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes. Also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.
+
+It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.
+
+It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.
+
+It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet, Bad
+Breath, etc.
+
+The following formulas for Toilet Preparations are all given in this
+book. They are vastly superior to the much-advertised cosmetics which
+flood the market. Your druggist will fill any of these recipes for a
+very small sum, and you will always have a superior article. Each of
+these preparations will do exactly what is claimed for it.
+
+The following is a list of what is given in the first chapter: Lotion
+to remove freckles and tan; To expel freckles; Cleopatra's Freckle
+Balm; Lemon Cream, for sunburn and freckles; Wash to prevent sunburn;
+Grape lotion, for sunburn; Pate Axerasive of Bozin, to soften and
+whiten the skin; To remove red pimples; To remove black specks or
+flesh-grubs; Preparation for whitening the face and neck (bleaches and
+whitens the skin); To cure profuse perspiration; Cleopatra's Enamel
+for whitening the hands and arms; To cure freckles, and parched, rough
+skin; To purify the breath; To bleach and purify the skin of the face
+and neck; To permanently remove black specks or flesh-worms; French
+face-wash (purifies and brightens the complexion); To remove pimples;
+Kalydor for the complexion--for pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or scurf
+on the skin; To improve the skin; Wash a la Marie Antoinette (gives a
+beautiful brilliancy to the complexion); Liquid Rouge (harmless), a
+perfect imitation of nature; Milk of Roses, a cosmetic; Circassian
+Cream; Toilet Vinegar; Bloom Rose; Certain cure for eruptions,
+pimples, etc.; To clear the complexion and reduce the size of the
+face; To cure and refine a stippled or blotched skin; To cure and
+prevent wrinkles; Wash for wrinkles; To remove wrinkles; How to have
+brilliant, beautiful eyes; To cure weak eyes; To improve the
+eyelashes; To cure weakness of eyes; How to have beautiful eyelashes;
+To cure watery and inflamed eyes; To strengthen the sight; What to do
+for nearsightedness; How to have a beautiful mouth and lips; To make
+lip salve; French lip salve; German lip salve; To care for the teeth;
+To cure toothache; Premium tooth powder; Feuchtwanger's tooth paste;
+Fine tooth powder; Rye tooth powder; To cure foul breath; To have
+white and beautiful teeth; For decayed teeth; To remove yellow color
+from teeth; Camphor paste; Powerfully cleansing dentifrice;
+Infallible cure for toothache; Mixture for decayed teeth; To whiten
+and beautify the teeth.
+
+How to have soft, white and beautiful hands; How to care for the
+hands; Bleaching lotion for the hands (renders them beautifully
+white); To remove stains from hands; To make the hands white and
+delicate; Remedy for chapped hands; To whiten coarse and dark-skinned
+hands; To cure red hands; Almond paste for the hands; To care for the
+nails.
+
+To cause the skin to become satin-smooth and to smell like violets.
+
+To cause those who have lost the bloom and fairness of early youth to
+regain them.
+
+How to care for the hair; How often to wash the hair; To improve the
+growth and luxuriance of the hair; To make the hair glossy; To impart
+curliness or waviness to the hair when it is naturally straight; On
+changing the color of the hair; To have elegant hair; Wild Rose
+curling fluid; To cause the hair to grow very thick; Lola Montez hair
+coloring; Hair Restorative; For bald heads; Excellent hair wash; To
+cure baldness; Stimulants for the hair; The golden hair secret; For
+keeping the hair crimped or curled in summer; To bleach the hair; For
+improving the hair; Pomade for preserving the hair; To make the hair
+grow and to prevent it from falling; To make the hair grow quick; Wash
+for scald heads, etc.
+
+Powders and their use: Boston Burnet powder for the face; Queen Bess
+complexion wash.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+
+Treats of miscellaneous matters: The human temperaments--How many
+there are--What they are; How to tell to which temperament you belong.
+
+The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month; Days of the week, and
+their importance at the natal hour.
+
+Important advice to females.
+
+To know whom you will marry.
+
+The signs of a good genius.
+
+Electrical Psychology, or Psychological Fascination.
+
+Mesmerism.
+
+How to make persons at a distance think of you.
+
+How to win the love of the person whom you love.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER III.
+
+A special chapter for young women: On marriage; What young women look
+forward to; What it is best to do when a prospect of marrying occurs;
+What a husband looks for; What marriage affords; On making yourself
+cheap; How to protect yourself; About courtship; Care of your
+character; How easily men are led astray, and how cautious you should
+be; What state of life is most honorable; Important points for your
+consideration; To make a husband happy; Nature of young women; On
+attracting the attention of young men; Young man's part; Young woman's
+part; Parents' wishes; How young men act in female company; Modesty;
+Courtship; On near relations marrying; On dress; What men need wives
+for; A mother's pleasure at the birth of her first child; How
+differently girls and boys are constituted; What young people should
+study before they become engaged.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+
+Love and marriage; The attraction of the sexes for each other; What
+love is; What causes love; Individual loves; Fondness for cousins;
+Different kinds of love; Flirtation; Monogamy; Polygamy; The special
+object of marriage; Should marriage be for life.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER V.
+
+When to marry; How to select a partner on right principles; Very early
+marriages; The best age to marry; When marriages are most happy; The
+attributes of a handsome couple.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+
+Sexual Intercourse--Its laws and conditions--Its use and abuse: A
+prevalent error; The law of sexual morality; What men expect; How men
+and women should live; Age of puberty to marriage; The law of
+marriage; What a man who truly loves a woman will do; A true union;
+Seduction; How women are protected; The false and the true sense of
+duty. What is the most powerful restraint from evil.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VII.
+
+Marriage: What marriage is; How far back the marriage tie has existed;
+Polygamy--What it is; Monogamy--What it is; Polyandry--What it is;
+Marriage customs; The basis of a happy marriage.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+
+Pregnancy--Labor--Parturition: The signs of pregnancy; The changes
+that take place in the appearance; How soon after conception these
+changes take place; The period of gestation; Changes in the breasts;
+What causes labor; How labor may be rendered safe and easy; What the
+diet should consist of; The period of quickening; How to relieve the
+toothache, cramping of the legs, palpitation of the heart, morning
+sickness, etc., with which pregnant women are liable to be troubled;
+Sure test for the detection of pregnancy; Parturient Balm, a very
+important medicine; Abortion; Premature labor; The cause of abortion;
+Symptoms of threatened abortion; What to do for a threatened abortion;
+What to do for miscarriage; To prevent miscarriage.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+
+Menstruation: The time of life at which it should appear; Signs of
+approaching puberty; Duty of mothers; Delayed and obstructed
+menstruation--What to do for it; Chlorosis, or green sickness--What to
+do for it--What it is caused by; Too profuse menstruation--How to
+treat it; Painful menstruation, or menstrual colic--How to treat it;
+Amenorrhoea, or suppressed menstruation--What causes this, and how
+to treat it.
+
+Cessation of the menses, or change of life: Very important advice is
+given as to the way in which the patient should treat herself, which,
+if followed, will be of great benefit.
+
+Falling of the Womb: What causes it, and how the patient should be
+treated.
+
+Leucorrhoea--Whites--Flour Albus: What this disease is; What causes
+it; How to relieve and cure it.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER X.
+
+Collection of valuable Medical Compounds: Magic kidney and liver
+restorer; Hop bitters; Alterative or liver powders; Anti-dyspeptic
+pills; Dyspeptic ley (sure cure for dyspepsia); Ague pills; Certain
+remedy for ague or intermittent fever; Fever powders; Ague drops;
+Pills for neuralgia; Sick headache pills; Anodyne headache pills;
+Rheumatic pills; Pills for dysentery; Epileptic pills; Pills for
+asthma; Hysteric pills; Pills for neuralgia; Cure for bleeding of the
+lungs; Cure for consumption; Cough syrup; Soothing cough mixture;
+Expectorant tincture; Sure remedy for bowel complaints; Cordial for
+summer complaint; Scrofulous syrup; Eyewater; Tincture for rheumatism;
+Worm elixir; Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy; Pile ointment (sure cure);
+To cure warts and corns; Cure for deafness; Cure for inverted
+toe-nail.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+
+Things for the Sick Room. Tells how to prepare the following articles
+for the sick and convalescent: Barley water; Sage tea; Refreshing
+drink for fevers; Arrowroot jelly; Irish moss jelly; Isinglass jelly;
+Tapioca jelly; Toast; Rice; Bread jelly; Rice gruel; Water gruel;
+Arrowroot gruel; Beef liquid; Beef tea; Panado; French milk porridge;
+Coffee milk; Drink for dysentery; Crust coffee; Cranberry water; Wine
+whey; Mustard whey; Chicken broth; Calves'-foot jelly; Slippery elm
+jelly; Nutritive fluids; Gum acacia restorative; Soups for the
+convalescent; Eggs; Milk for infants; Water gruel.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XII.
+
+Things Curious and Useful: To get clear of mosquitoes; To get rid of
+bedbugs; To obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter; To increase the
+laying of eggs in hens; The art of transferring on to glass; To
+prevent horses being teased by flies; To prevent flies lighting on
+windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; To make leather wear forever; To
+prepare waterproof boots; To render paper fireproof; To cure
+drunkenness; To cure laziness; To take leaf photographs; To make lamp
+wicks indestructible; To make different kinds of perfumes; To write
+secret letters; To preserve flowers.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+
+Home Decoration: On furnishing a house; How to furnish the Parlor,
+Library, Dining-room, Hall, Chambers, and Kitchen; Telling the proper
+way of arranging each room tastefully and economically.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIV.
+
+How to Care for House Plants: How to succeed with plants; A good
+collection of plants; To kill the spider; To start slips; To keep
+plants without a fire at night; To kill rose-slugs; On watering
+plants.
+
+To prepare autumn leaves and ferns; To prepare skeleton leaves; Pretty
+hanging baskets.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+
+The Laundry: To make washing fluid; Gall soap; For washing woolens and
+fine prints; To take out scorch; To make bluing; To make coffee
+starch; To make flour starch; To make fine starch; Enamel for shirt
+bosoms; To clean articles made of white zephyr; To clean velvet; To
+clean ribbons; To take out paint; To remove ink stain; To take out
+fruit stains; To remove iron rust; To take out mildew; To wash
+flannels in tepid water.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVI.
+
+How to do your own Stamping and make your own Patterns: The articles
+needed for stamping; To make perforated patterns; To enlarge designs;
+To stamp; To make blue powder; To do French indelible stamping; To
+make paint for stamping; The proper brush to use; To make a
+distributor; To care for patterns.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+
+Bronze Work: What bronze work is; The articles required for doing
+bronze work; The art of making a vase in bronze; A motto; A floral
+basket; Copper bronze statuary; The art of making exotic leaves; To
+make leaves and flowers, etc.; Decalcomania--The uses to which it may
+be put.
+
+
+                            CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+A chapter of useful things to know. How to prepare: Healing salve;
+Magnetic croup cure; Worm elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish;
+Wonderful starch enamel; Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I X
+L baking powder; Electric powder; French polish, or dressing for
+leather; Artificial honey. Table of poisons and their antidotes.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE LADIES' BOOK
+                                  OF
+                          USEFUL INFORMATION.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER I.
+
+                           PERSONAL BEAUTY.
+
+       Treating of the Care of the Skin, Hair, Teeth, and Eyes,
+            so as to have each arrive at the highest degree
+                  of beauty of which each is capable.
+
+
+A great object of importance, of care to every lady, is the care of
+her complexion. There is nothing more pleasing to the eye than a
+delicate, smooth skin; and besides being pleasing to the eye, is an
+evidence of health, and gives additional grace to the most regular
+features. The choice of soaps has considerable influence in promoting
+and maintaining this desideratum. These should invariably be selected
+of the finest kinds, and used sparingly, and never with cold water,
+for the alkali which, more or less, mingles in the composition of all
+soaps has an undoubted tendency to irritate a delicate skin; warm
+water excites a gentle perspiration, thereby assisting the skin to
+throw off those natural secretions which, if allowed to remain, are
+likely to accumulate below the skin and produce roughness, pimples,
+and even eruptions of an obstinate and unpleasant character. Those
+soaps which ensure a moderate fairness and flexibility of the skin are
+the most desirable for regular use.
+
+Pomades, when properly prepared, contribute in an especial manner to
+preserve the softness and elasticity of the skin, their effect being
+of an emollient and congenial nature; and, moreover, they can be
+applied on retiring to rest, when their effects are not liable to be
+disturbed by the action of the atmosphere, muscular exertions or
+nervous influences.
+
+The use of paints has been very correctly characterized as "a species
+of corporeal hypocrisy as subversive of delicacy of mind as it is of
+the natural complexion," and has been, of late years, discarded at the
+toilette of every lady.
+
+The use of cosmetics has been common in all ages and in every land.
+Scripture itself records the painting of Jezebel; and Ezekiel, the
+prophet, speaks of the eye-painting common among the women; and
+Jeremiah, of rending the face with painting--a most expressive term
+for the destruction of beauty by such means. For the surest destroyers
+of real beauty are its simulators. The usurper destroys the rightful
+sovereign.
+
+That paint can ever deceive people, or really add beauty for more than
+the duration of an acted charade or play, when "distance lends
+enchantment to the view," is a delusion; but it is one into which
+women of all times and nations have fallen--from the painted Indian
+squaw to the rouged and powdered denizen of London or Paris.
+
+Milk was the favorite cosmetic of the ladies of ancient Rome. They
+applied plasters of bread and ass's milk to their faces at night, and
+washed them off with milk in the morning.
+
+As a cosmetic, milk would be harmless, but we doubt its power of
+improving the skin. As a beverage, no doubt, it whitens the complexion
+more than any other food.
+
+But before we speak of improving the complexion, it will be well to
+explain to our readers the nature and properties of the skin.
+
+This is what an American physician has recently told us about it:--
+
+
+       THE SKIN--ITS BEAUTY, USES, CONSTRUCTION, MANAGEMENT, ETC.
+
+Every person knows what the skin is, its external appearance, and its
+general properties; but there are many of my readers who may not be
+aware of its peculiar and wonderful construction, its compound
+character, and its manifold uses. It not merely acts as an organ of
+sense, and a protection to the surface of the body, but it clothes it,
+as it were, in a garment of the most delicate texture and of the most
+surpassing loveliness. In perfect health it is gifted with exquisite
+sensibility, and while it possesses the softness of velvet, and
+exhibits the delicate hues of the lily, the carnation, and the rose,
+it is nevertheless gifted with extraordinary strength and power of
+resisting external injury, and is not only capable of repairing, but
+of actually renewing itself. Though unprotected with hair, wool or
+fur, or with feathers or scales, as with the brute creation, the human
+skin is furnished with innumerable nerves, which endow it with extreme
+susceptibility to all the various changes of climate and of weather,
+and prompt the mind to provide suitable materials, in the shape of
+clothing, to shield it under all the circumstances in which it can be
+placed.
+
+The importance of the due exposure of the body to daylight or sunlight
+cannot be too strongly insisted on. Light and warmth are powerful
+agents in the economy of our being. The former especially is an
+operative agent on which health, vigor, and even beauty itself,
+depend. Withdraw the light of the sun from the organic world, and all
+its various beings and objects would languish and gradually lose those
+charms which are now their characteristics. In its absence, the
+carnation tint leaves the cheek of beauty, the cherry hue of the lips
+changes to a leaden-purple, the eyes become glassy and expressionless,
+and the complexion assumes an unnatural, cadaverous appearance that
+speaks of sickness, night and death. So powerful is daylight, so
+necessary to our well-being, that even its partial exclusion, or its
+insufficient admission to our apartments, soon tells its tale in the
+feeble health, the liability to the attacks of disease, and the pallid
+features (vacant and sunken, or flabby, pendent and uninviting) of
+their inmates. Even the aspect of the rooms in which we pass most of
+our time, and the number and extent of their windows, is perceptible,
+by the trained eye, in the complexion and features of those that
+occupy them. So in the vegetable world--the bright and endlessly
+varied hues of flowers, and their sweet perfumes--even their very
+production--depend on sunlight. In obscure light plants grow lanky and
+become pale and feeble. They seldom produce flowers, and uniformly
+fail to ripen their seeds. In even partial darkness the green hue of
+their foliage gradually pales and disappears, and new growths, when
+they appear, are blanched or colorless.
+
+The best method of keeping the skin clean and healthy, by ablution and
+baths, may here be alluded to. The use of these, and the washing of
+the skin that forms part of the daily duties of the toilet, appear to
+be very simple matters, but writers on the subject differ in opinion
+as to the methods to be followed to render them perfect cleansers of
+the skin. Some of them regard the use of soap and water applied in the
+form of lather with the hands, and afterwards thoroughly removed from
+the skin by copious affusions, rinsing or sluicing with water, or
+immersion in it, as the best method. This is probably the case when
+the skin is not materially dirty, or its pores or surface obstructed
+or loaded with the residual solid matter of the perspiration or its
+own unctuous exudation and exuvi�. To remove these completely and
+readily, something more than simple friction with the smooth hand is
+generally required. In such cases the use of a piece of flannel or
+serge, doubled and spread across the hand, or of a mitten of the same
+material, will be most ready and effective. Friction with this--first
+with soap, and afterwards with water to wash the soap off--will be
+found to cleanse the skin more thoroughly and quickly than any other
+method, and, by removing the worn-out portion of its surface, to
+impart to it a healthy glow and hue that is most refreshing and
+agreeable. This effect will be increased by wiping and rubbing the
+surface thoroughly dry with a coarse and moderately rough, but not a
+stiff, towel, instead of with the fine, smooth diapers which are now
+so commonly employed. At the bath, the fleshbrush usually provided
+there will supersede the necessity of using the flannel.
+
+The small black spots and marks frequently observed on the skin in hot
+weather, particularly on the face, generally arise from the
+accumulation of the indurated solid matter of the perspiration in its
+pores. When they assume the form of small pimples (_acne punctata_),
+and often when otherwise, they may be removed by strong pressure
+between the fingers, or between the nails of the opposite fingers,
+followed by the use of hot, soapy water.
+
+The subsequent daily application of a weak solution of bichloride of
+mercury--as in the form commonly known as Gowland's lotion--or of
+sulphate of zinc, will completely remove the swelling, and generally
+prevent their re-formation.
+
+=Eruptions= are too well known to need any lengthy description here.
+They are usually classified, by writers on the subject, into:
+animalcular eruptions, or those due to the presence of animalcula
+(minute acari) in the scarfskin, which occasion much irritation, and
+of which the itch furnishes a well-marked example; papular eruptions,
+or dry pimples; pustular eruptions, or mattery pimples, of which some
+forms are popularly known as crusted tetters; scaly eruptions, or dry
+tetters; and vesicular eruptions, or watery pimples.
+
+The treatment of all of the above, except the first, in simple cases,
+where there is not much constitutional disarrangement, consists mainly
+in attention to the general principles of health, cleanliness,
+exercise, food, ventilation, and clothing. Occasional doses of mild
+saline aperients (Epsom salts, cream of tartar, or phosphate of soda,
+or of sulphur combined with cream of tartar) should be taken, and warm
+or tepid bathing, preferably in sea-water, or, if not convenient, rain
+water, frequently had recourse to. Stimulants of all kinds should be
+avoided, and the red meats, ripe fruits, and the antiscorbutic
+vegetables should form a considerable portion of the diet. Lemonade,
+made by squeezing the juice of a lemon into a half-pint tumbler full
+of water, and sweetening with a little sugar, should be frequently and
+liberally taken as one of the best beverages in such cases. To relieve
+the itching and irritation (except in the pustular, crusted, and
+vesicular varieties), brisk friction with a fleshbrush or a fleshglove
+may be employed. The parts should also be wetted with an appropriate
+lotion after each friction or bath, or the use of soap and water.
+
+In all the scaly eruptions, iodide of potassium internally, and
+ioduretted or sulphuretted lotions or baths are invaluable. In many of
+them of a malignant or obstinate character, as _Lepra Psoriasis_,
+_Lupus_, etc., small doses of solution of arsenite of potassa (liquor
+arsenicalis; the dose, from 3 to 5 drops, gradually and cautiously
+increased to 7 to 9 drops, twice a day, after a meal) prove highly
+serviceable. In the forms of psoriasis popularly called baker's itch,
+grocer's itch, and washer-woman's itch, the application of ointment of
+nitrate of mercury, diluted with ten or twelve times its weight of
+lard, has been highly recommended. A course of sarsaparilla is also in
+most cases advantageous.
+
+The small, hard, distinct pimples--"acne, or acne simplex" of medical
+writers--that occur on the forehead, and occasionally on the temples
+and chin, generally yield to stimulating lotions, consisting of equal
+parts of strong vinegar, or spirit, and water, or to weak lotions of
+sulphate of zinc, assisted by occasional doses of cooling laxatives,
+as the salines, or a mixture of sulphur or cream of tartar.
+
+=Freckles=, or the round or oval-shaped yellowish or brownish-yellow
+spots, resembling stains, common on the face and the backs of the
+hands of persons with a fair and delicate skin who are much exposed to
+the direct rays of the sun in hot weather, are of little importance in
+themselves, and have nothing to do with the general health. Ladies who
+desire to remove them may have recourse to the frequent application of
+dilute spirit, or lemon juice, or a lotion formed by adding acetic,
+hydrochloric, nitric, or sulphuric acid, or liquor of potassa, to
+water, until it is just strong enough to slightly prick the tongue.
+One part of good Jamaica rum to two parts of lemon juice or weak
+vinegar is a good form of lotion for the purpose. The effect of all
+these lotions is increased by the addition of a little glycerine.
+
+The preceding are also occasionally called "common freckles," "summer
+freckles," and "sun freckles." In some cases they are very persistent,
+and resist all attempts to remove them while the exposure that
+produces them is continued. Their appearance may be prevented by the
+greater use of the veil, parasol or sunshade, or avoidance of exposure
+to the sun during the heat of the day.
+
+Another variety, popularly known as cold freckles, occur at all
+seasons of the year, and usually depend on disordered health or some
+disturbance of the natural functions of the skin. Here the only
+external application that proves useful is the solution of bichloride
+of mercury and glycerine, or Gowland's lotion.
+
+=The Itch=--"psora" and "scabies," of medical authors; the "gale" of the
+French,--already referred to, in its common forms is an eruption of
+minute vesicles, generally containing animalcula (acari), and of which
+the principal seats are between the fingers, bend of the wrist, etc.
+It is, accompanied by intense itching of the parts affected, which is
+only aggravated by scratching. The usual treatment is with sulphur
+ointment (simple or compound) well rubbed in once or twice a day; a
+spoonful (more or less) of flowers of sulphur, mixed with treacle or
+milk, being taken at the same time, night and morning. Where the
+external use of sulphur is objectionable, on account of its smell, a
+sulphuretten bath or lotion, or one of chloride of lime, may be used
+instead. In all cases extreme cleanliness, with the free use of soap
+and water, must be strictly adhered to.
+
+The small, soft discolorations and excrescences of the skin, popularly
+called moles, may be removed by touching them every second or third
+day with strong acetic or nitric acid, or with lunar caustic. If
+covered with hair they should be shaved first.
+
+=Extreme paleness= of the skin, when not symptomatic of any primary
+disease, generally arises from debility, or from the languid
+circulation of the blood at the surface of the body; often, also, from
+insufficient or improper food, want of outdoor exercise, and the like.
+The main treatment is evident. Warm baths, friction, and stimulating
+lotions and cosmetics may be here employed, together with a course of
+some mild chalbeate (as the lactate, protophosphate, or
+ammonia-citrate of iron) and hypophosphate of soda.
+
+=Roughness and Coarseness= of the skin, when not depending on any
+particular disease, may be removed or greatly lessened by daily
+friction with mild unguents or oil, or by moistening the parts, night
+and morning, with a weak solution of bichloride of mercury containing
+a little glycerine.
+
+=Rashes and redness= of the skin, of a common character, often arise
+from very trifling causes, among which indigestion, suppressed
+perspiration, irritation, and the like, are the most frequent. Nettle
+rash or urticaria, so called from the appearance and tingling
+sensations resembling those caused by the sting of nettles, in some
+people, is very apt to follow the use of indigestible and unwholesome
+food. It is usually of short duration and recurrent. The treatment
+consists in the administration of mild saline aperients, and, in
+severe cases, of an emetic, particularly when the stomach is still
+loaded with indigestible matter. These should be followed by copious
+use of lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice. The patient
+should be lightly but warmly clothed during the attack, and exposure
+to the cold, or to draughts of cold air, should be carefully avoided.
+The further treatment may be similar to that noticed under
+"eruptions." To prevent the recurrence of the attack, the
+objectionable articles of food, and any other known exciting causes,
+must be avoided. Red rash, red blotch, or fiery spot, a common
+consequence of disordered health, a sudden fit of dyspepsia, and, in
+females, of tight lacing, and rose rash, false measles, or roseola,
+having commonly a similar origin to the preceding, for the most part
+require the same treatment.
+
+=Scurf=--"furfur or furfura"--is a formation depending on the natural
+and healthy exfoliation of the skin on every part of the body on which
+hair or down grows, but most extensive and observable on the scalp, on
+account of the abundance and darker color of the hair there.
+Scurfiness, or excessive scurfiness, is the result of morbid action,
+and may be treated by the frequent use of the fleshbrush or hairbrush,
+ablution with soap and water, and the use of mild stimulating,
+astringent, or detergent lotions.
+
+=Scurvy=--"scorbutus" of medical writers--is a disease which, even in
+its incipient and early stages, when its presence is often
+unsuspected, is most injurious to the skin and complexion. It usually
+commences with unnatural sallowness, debility, and low spirits. As it
+proceeds, the gums become sore, spongy, and apt to bleed on the
+slightest pressure or friction; the teeth loosen, and the breath
+acquires a foetid odor; the legs swell, eruptions appear on
+different parts of the body, and at length the patient sinks under
+general emaciation, diarrhoea, and hemorrhages. Its chief cause is
+improper food, or, rather, the absence or insufficient supply of fresh
+meat and vegetables in the diet; to which cold, humidity, want of
+exercise and fresh air may be added as secondary ones. Hence its
+frequent, fatal visitations formerly on shipboard, and its still
+occasional occurrence in ill-victualled ships during long voyages. The
+treatment mainly consists in adopting a liberal diet of fresh animal
+food and green vegetables, with ripe food and an ample allowance of
+mild ale or beer, or lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice, as
+beverages. In serious cases, tonics, as quinine and steel, should also
+be administered.
+
+=Wrinkles= and looseness of the skin depend chiefly on the attenuation
+of the cutis or true skin and the reduction in the bulk of the
+underlying surfacial portions of the body. They cannot be regarded as
+a disease of the skin; but are the result of long continued bad
+health, anxiety and study, and of general emaciation and old age.
+Cleanliness, nutritious food, vigorous outdoor exercise, agreeable
+occupation of the mind, and an equable and happy temper, retard their
+formation. Whatever tends to promote the general health and to
+increase the bulk of the body, and particularly the disposition of fat
+in the cellular tissues, also tends to remove them and to increase the
+smoothness and beauty of the skin. The free and frequent use of warm
+water and soap, followed by the daily use of mild, stimulating,
+cosmetic lotions or fomentations, or friction with warm oil of a like
+character, and cod-liver oil internally, is all that art can do for
+the purpose.
+
+=Excoriations=, in popular language, are those cases of soreness
+produced by chafing under the arms, behind the ears, and in the
+wrinkles and folds of the skin generally. They occur chiefly in
+infancy, and in stout persons with a delicate skin, who perspire
+excessively. Extreme cleanliness, and carefully wiping the parts dry
+after washing, with the subsequent use of a little violet powder, or
+finely powdered starch, or French chalk scraped or grated very fine,
+dusted over the parts once or twice a day, will generally remove them
+and prevent their recurrence.
+
+
+                         WASHES FOR THE FACE.
+
+We do not approve of face washes, but as some ladies will use them, we
+recommend the following as harmless: Dampen with glycerine tempered
+with rose-water, then powder with the finest magnesia. It imparts a
+charming whiteness.
+
+Less harmless, but more frequently used, is to procure five cents'
+worth of bismuth, of flake white, and of powdered chalk; mix with five
+cents' worth of rose-water. Great care must be taken to wash off this
+preparation before retiring to rest, as the bismuth is of a hurtful
+nature.
+
+=To Remove Freckles.=--Freckles are of two kinds: Those occasioned by
+exposure to the sunshine, and consequently evanescent, are denominated
+"summer freckles"; those which are constitutional and permanent are
+called "cold freckles." With regard to the latter, it is impossible to
+give any advice which will be of value. They result from causes not to
+be affected by mere external applications. Summer freckles are not
+difficult to deal with, and with a little care the skin may be kept
+free from this cause of disfigurement by using either of the following
+lotions:--
+
+First: Scrape horse-radish into a cup of sour milk, let it stand
+twelve hours, strain, and apply two or three times a day.
+
+Second: Into half a pint of milk squeeze the juice of a lemon, with a
+spoonful of brandy, and boil, skimming well; add a dram of rock alum.
+Apply freely.
+
+=Magic Lotion for Removing Freckles.=--Dissolve three grains of borax in
+five drams each of rose-water and orange-flower water. A splendid and
+harmless remedy is equal parts of pure glycerine and rose-water,
+applied every night and allowed to dry on the skin.
+
+=To Remove Freckles and Tan.=--Tincture of benzoin, one pint; tincture
+of tolu, one-half pint; oil rosemary, one-half ounce. Put one
+teaspoonful of the above mixture in one-quarter pint of water, and
+then with a towel thoroughly bathe the face. Do this every night and
+morning.
+
+=To Expel Freckles.=--Finely powdered nitre is excellent. Apply it to
+the face with the finger moistened with water and dipped in the
+powder.
+
+=Cleopatra's Freckle Balm.=--A splendid article. Venice soap, one ounce;
+lemon juice, half ounce; oil of bitter almonds, quarter ounce;
+deliquidated oil of tartar, quarter ounce; oil of rhodium, three
+drops. Dissolve the soap in the lemon juice, then add the two oils,
+and put the whole in the sun till it acquires the consistency of
+ointment, and then add the oil rhodium. Anoint the freckly face at
+night with this balm, and wash in the morning with pure water.
+
+=Lemon Cream for Sunburn and Freckles.=--Put two spoonfuls of sweet
+cream into half a pint of new milk, squeeze into it the juice of a
+lemon, add half a glass of genuine French brandy, a little alum and
+loaf sugar; boil the whole, skim it well, and when cool it is fit for
+use.
+
+=Wash to Prevent Sunburn.=--Take two drams of borax, one dram of Roman
+alum, one dram of camphor, half an ounce of sugar candy, one pound of
+ox-gall. Mix and stir well together, and repeat the stirring three or
+four times a day until it becomes transparent; then strain it through
+filtering or blotting paper, and it will be fit for use. Wash the face
+with the mixture before you go into the sun.
+
+=Grape Lotion for Sunburn.=--Dip a bunch of green grapes in a basin of
+water; sprinkle it with powdered alum and salt mixed; wrap the grapes
+in paper, and bake them under hot ashes; then express the juice, and
+wash the face with the liquid, which will remove either freckles, tan
+or sunburn.
+
+=To Soften and Whiten the Skin--Pate Axerasive of Bozin.=--This
+celebrated perfume has the distinction of being highly commended by
+the French Royal Academy of Medicine. It is better for toilet use than
+soaps, which contain alkali.
+
+Take powder of bitter almonds, eight ounces; oil of the same, twelve
+ounces; savon vert of the perfumes, eight ounces; spermaceti, four
+ounces; soap powder, four ounces; cinnabar, two drams; essence of
+rose, one dram. Melt the soap and spermaceti with the oil in a bath
+water; add the powder, and mix the whole in a marble mortar. It forms
+a paste which softens and whitens the skin better than any soap.
+
+=To Remove Red Pimples.=--Sulphur water, one ounce; acetated liquor of
+ammonia, quarter ounce; liquor of potassa, one grain; white wine
+vinegar, two ounces; distilled water, two ounces.
+
+=To Remove Black Specks or Flesh-worms.=--Squeeze them by pressing the
+skin, and then wash with warm water and rub well with a towel. Then
+apply the following lotion: Liquor of potassa, one ounce; cologne, two
+ounces.
+
+=Preparation for Whitening the Face and Neck.=--For bleaching and
+purifying the skin of the face and neck, making them beautifully
+smooth and white: Terebinth of Mecca, three grains; oil of sweet
+almonds, four ounces; spermaceti, two drams; flour of zinc, one dram;
+white wax, two drams; rose-water, six drams. Mix in a bath water, and
+melt together. After washing, before retiring (use water as hot as can
+be borne), anoint the face and neck freely with this preparation.
+
+=To Cure Profuse Perspiration.=--Bathe the hands, feet, and parts of the
+body where the perspiration is greatest, with a cold infusion of
+rosemary and sage, and afterwards dust the stockings and
+under-garments with a mixture of two drams of camphor, four ounces of
+orris root, and sixteen ounces of starch, the whole reduced to a fine
+powder. Put the mixture in a coarse muslin bag, and shake it over the
+clothes.
+
+=Cleopatra's Enamel for Whitening the Hands and Arms.=--One ounce of
+myrrh, four ounces of honey, two ounces of yellow wax, six ounces of
+rose-water. Mix well together the wax, honey and rose-water in a dish
+held over boiling water, and add the myrrh while hot. Rub this thickly
+over the skin before going to bed.
+
+=To Cure Freckles and Parched or Rough Skin.=--Take one ounce of sweet
+almonds, or of pistachia nuts, half a pint of elder or rose-water, and
+one ounce of pure glycerine; grate the nuts and put the powder in a
+little linen or cotton bag, and squeeze it for several minutes in the
+rose-water; then add the glycerine and a little perfume. Use it by
+wetting the face two or three times a day. This is a grateful
+application for a parched, rough skin, and is good for the removal of
+freckles. It should be allowed to dry thoroughly. When it feels pasty
+or sticky it may be washed off with a little warm water without soap.
+
+
+                         TO PURIFY THE BREATH.
+
+There is nothing more disagreeable to people with whom we associate
+than for them to be able to detect a bad odor from our breath when in
+their company. Yet a great many are afflicted in this way. The
+following will purify and sweeten the breath: Chlorate of lime, seven
+drams; vanilla sugar, three drams; gumeratic, five drams. Mix well
+with warm water to a stiff paste, and cut into lozenges. Take a
+lozenge occasionally.
+
+
+          TO BLEACH AND PURIFY THE SKIN OF THE FACE AND NECK.
+
+A celebrated physician gives the following as a good skin bleacher and
+purifier: Half a pint of skim milk; slice into it as much cucumber as
+it will cover, and let it stand an hour; then bathe the face, neck,
+and hands. Wash them off with clean soft water when the cucumber
+extract is dry. If the skin is rough from exposure to the wind, an
+application of buttermilk at night, washed off with fine carbolic soap
+in the morning, will make the skin smooth and natural.
+
+=To Permanently Remove Black Specks or "Flesh-worms."=--Sometimes little
+black specks appear about the base of the nose, or on the forehead, or
+in the hollow of the chin, which are called flesh-worms, and are
+occasioned by coagulated lymph that obstructs the pores of the skin.
+They may be squeezed out by pressing the skin, and ignorant people
+suppose them to be little worms. They are permanently removed by
+washing with very warm water, and severe friction with a towel and
+then applying a little of the following preparation: Liquor of
+potassa, one ounce; cologne, two ounces; white brandy, four ounces.
+
+=French Face Wash Purifies and Brightens the Complexion.=--Take equal
+parts of the seeds of the melon, pumpkin, gourd, and cucumber, pounded
+till they are reduced to powder; add to it sufficient fresh cream to
+dilute the flour, and then add milk enough to reduce the whole to a
+thick paste. Add a grain of musk and a few drops of the oil of lemon.
+Anoint the face with this, leave it on twenty or thirty minutes, or
+over night if convenient, and wash off with warm water. It gives a
+remarkable purity and brightness to the complexion.
+
+Or, try this; splendid.--Infuse a handful of well-sifted wheat bran
+for four hours in white wine vinegar; add to it five yolks of eggs and
+two grains of musk, and distill the whole. Bottle it, keep carefully
+corked for fifteen days, when it will be fit for use. Apply over
+night, and wash in the morning with tepid water.
+
+=To Remove Pimples.=--There are many kinds of pimples, some of which
+partake almost of the nature of ulcers, which require medical
+treatment; but the small red pimple, which is most common, may be
+removed by applying the following twice a day: Sulphur water, one
+ounce; acetated liquid of ammonia, one-quarter ounce; liquor of
+potassa, one grain; white wine vinegar, two ounces; distilled water,
+two ounces. These pimples are sometimes cured by frequent washing in
+warm water and prolonged friction with a coarse towel. The cause of
+these pimples is obstruction of the skin and imperfect circulation.
+
+=To Remove Tan.=--_Creme de'l Enclos._--New milk, half a pint; lemon
+juice, one-quarter ounce; white brandy, half ounce. Boil the whole and
+skim it clear from all scum. Use night and morning.
+
+=A Cosmetic Bath.=--Take two pounds of barley or bean flour, eight
+pounds of bran, and a few handfuls of Borage leaves. Boil these
+ingredients in a sufficient quantity of spring water. This both
+cleanses and softens the skin in a superior manner.
+
+=Kalydor for the Complexion.=--For pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or
+scurf on the skin. Take emulsion of bitter almonds, one pint;
+oxymuriate of quicksilver, two and one-half pints; sal ammoniac, one
+dram. To be used moderately by means of a sponge, after washing the
+face and hands with pure soap and warm water.
+
+=To Improve the Skin.=--Take two ounces of Venice soap and dissolve it
+in two ounces of lemon juice. Add one ounce of the oil of bitter
+almonds and a like quantity of the oil of tartar. Mix the whole and
+stir it well till it has acquired the consistence of soap, and use it
+as such for the hands. The paste of sweet almonds, which contains an
+oil fit for keeping the skin soft and elastic and removing
+indurations, may be beneficially applied to the hands and arms.
+
+=Wash a la Marie Antoinette.=--Gives a beautiful brilliancy to the
+complexion. Take half a dozen lemons and cut them in small pieces, a
+small handful of the leaves of white lilies and southernwood, and
+infuse them in two quarts of cows milk, with an ounce and a half of
+white sugar and an ounce of rock alum. These are to be distilled in
+palneum mari�. The face at bedtime is to be rubbed with this liquid,
+and it will give a beautiful luster to the complexion. It is a safe
+application, and its effects are certain.
+
+=Liquid Rouge.=--Harmless--a perfect imitation of nature. For ladies who
+wish to use a little artificial bloom the following is recommended. A
+liquid rouge to produce a perfect imitation of the colors of nature is
+prepared as follows: Add to a pint of French brandy, half an ounce of
+benzoin, an ounce of red sandalwood, half an ounce of Brazil wood and
+the same quantity of rock alum. Cork the bottle carefully, shake it
+well once a day, and at the end of twelve days it will be fit for use.
+The cheeks are to be lightly touched with it.
+
+=Milk of Roses.=--This is a cosmetic. Pound an ounce of almonds in a
+mortar very finely; then put in shavings of honey soap in a small
+quantity. Add enough rose-water to enable you to work the composition
+with the pestle into a fine cream; and in order that it may keep, add
+to the whole an ounce of spirits of wine, by slow degrees. Scent with
+otto of roses. Strain through muslin. Apply to the face with a sponge
+or a piece of lint.
+
+=Circassian Cream.=--This celebrated preparation is made, according to a
+published recipe, in this way: Castor oil, one pint; almond oil, four
+ounces; liquid potassa, three drams; essence of bergamot, oil of
+cloves, and oil of lemon, in equal quantities; and about a dozen drops
+of otto of roses.
+
+=Toilet Vinegar.=--Add to the best malt vinegar, half a pint of cognac
+and a pint of rose-water. Scent may be added, and if so, it should be
+first mixed with the spirit before the other ingredients are put in.
+
+=Bloom Rose.=--This is a preparation of carmine for the face and lips.
+Take a quarter of a dram of carmine and place it in a phial with half
+a dram of liquid ammonia; keep for a few days, occasionally shaking
+the mixture; then dilute with two ounces of rose-water, to which half
+a dram of essence of roses has been added. Draw off and keep a week or
+ten days, then apply with the corner of a soft handkerchief, taking
+care that if the color is too bright it is reduced by means of pure
+water.
+
+=Certain Cure for Eruptions, Pimples, Etc.=--Having in numerous
+instances seen the good effects of the following prescription, I can
+certify to its perfect remedy: Dilute corrosive sublimate with the oil
+of almonds, apply it to the face occasionally, and in few days a cure
+will be effected.
+
+=To Clear the Complexion, and Reduce the Size.=--It is essential that
+the blood should be cleansed. Take a teaspoonful of powdered charcoal,
+mixed with water or honey, for three successive nights, then use a
+seidlitz powder to remove it from the system. It acts splendidly upon
+the system and purifies the blood; but under no circumstances must the
+physic be neglected to carry the chemicals from the system; if not,
+ill effects are certain to follow.
+
+=To Cure and Refine a Stippled or Blotched Skin.=--A small dose of
+teraxacum every other night will most materially aid in refining the
+skin. It is a month's or six weeks' job to accomplish the desired
+result. You must also wear a mask of quilted cotton, wet in cold
+water, over night. Do not get discouraged, for it is worth the
+trouble.
+
+
+                     TO CURE AND PREVENT WRINKLES.
+
+=Pomade d'Hebe.=--This pomade is used for the removal of wrinkles. To
+make: Melt white wax, one ounce, to gentle heat; add juice of lily
+bulbs, two ounces; add honey, two ounces; rose-water, two drams; and
+otto of roses, a drop or two. Use twice a day.
+
+=Lotion for Wrinkles.=--Beautifies the face, preserves the freshness of
+youth, and gives a beautiful brilliancy to the skin. Take the second
+water of barley, one pint, and strain through a piece of fine linen;
+add a dozen drops of the balm of Mecca; shake it well together until
+the balm is thoroughly incorporated with the water, which will be
+effected when the water assumes a whitish or turgid appearance. Before
+applying, wash the face with soft water. If used once a day, this
+lotion will beautify the face, remove wrinkles, preserve the freshness
+of youth, and give a surprising brilliancy to the skin.
+
+=Wash for Wrinkles.=--Take two ounces of the juice of onions, two ounces
+of the white lily, two ounces of Norboune honey, and one ounce of
+white wax; put the whole into a new earthen pipkin until the wax is
+melted, then take the pipkin (crock) off the fire, and continue
+stirring briskly until the mixture grows cold. This should be applied
+on going to bed and allowed to remain on till the morning.
+
+=To Remove Wrinkles.=--To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum benzoin add
+seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half ounce of
+glycerine. Bathe face, neck, and hands with it at night, letting it
+dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very little pure white castile
+soap and soft water. This is a famous cosmetic, and has been sold
+under various names. It is an excellent remedy for tan, freckles, and
+sunburn also.
+
+
+                HOW TO HAVE BRILLIANT, BEAUTIFUL EYES.
+
+Beautiful eyes are the gift of nature; but even those of the greatest
+beauty may owe something to the toilet, while those of an indifferent
+kind are very susceptible of improvement. We entirely discountenance
+any tampering with the eye itself, with a view to giving it luster or
+brightness. The sight has often been injured by the use of belladonna,
+preparations of the calabar bean, eyebright, and other substances
+having a strong effect on the eyes. But without touching the eye
+itself, it is possible to give the effect of brightness, softness,
+etc., by means of the eyelids and eyelashes. Made-up eyes are by no
+means desirable, and to many are singularly displeasing; but the same
+may be said of made-up faces generally. Some ladies are, however,
+persuaded that it adds to their charms to give the eyes a long, almond
+shape--after the Egyptian type--while very many are persuaded that the
+eye is not seen to advantage unless its apparent size is increased by
+the darkening of the lids. Both these effects are produced by kohl, a
+black powder, which may be procured at the chemist's, and is mixed
+with rose-water and applied with a camel's-hair brush.
+
+=To Cure Weak Eyes.=--It is well to have on the toilet table a remedy
+for inflamed eyes. Spermaceti ointment is simple and well adapted for
+the purpose. Apply at night, and wash off with rose-water in the
+morning. Golden ointment will serve a like purpose. Or, there is a
+simple lotion made by dissolving a very small piece of alum and a
+piece of lump sugar of the same size in a quart of water. Put the
+ingredients into water cold and let them simmer. Bathe the eyes
+frequently with it. Sties in the eyes are irritating and disfiguring.
+Foment with warm water; at night apply a bread and milk poultice. When
+a white head forms, prick it with a fine needle. Should the
+inflammation be obstinate, a little citerine ointment may be applied,
+care being taken that it does not get into the eye, and an aperient
+should be tried.
+
+=To Improve the Eyelashes.=--Many people speak highly of this secret.
+Trim the tiny points slightly, and anoint with this salve: Two drams
+of ointment of nitric oxida of mercury, and one dram of lard. Mix the
+lard and ointment well, and anoint the edges of the eyelids night and
+morning, after each time, with milk and water. This will restore the
+lashes when all other remedies fail. It is not known in this country,
+and is a valuable secret.
+
+=To Cure Weakness of Eyes.=--Sulphate of copper, fifteen grains;
+camphor, four grains; boiling water, four ounces. Mix, strain, and
+when cold make up to four pints with water. Bathe the eyes night and
+morning with a portion of the mixture.
+
+=How to Have Beautiful Eyelashes.=--The effect of the eyes is greatly
+aided by beautiful eyelashes. These may be secured to a certain extent
+by a little care, especially if it is taken early in life. The extreme
+ends should be cut with a pair of small, sharp scissors, care being
+taken to preserve the natural outline, not to leave jagged edges.
+Attention to this matter results in the lengthening of the lashes.
+Dyeing them is another expedient often resorted to for increasing
+their effect. A good permanent black is all that is needed, and for
+this use Indian ink. As an impromptu expedient to serve for one night,
+a hairpin held for a few seconds in the flame of a candle, and drawn
+through the lashes, will serve to color them well, and with sufficient
+durability. It need scarcely be added that the hairpin must be
+suffered to grow cold before it is used, or the consequence may be
+that no eyelash will be left to color. Good eyebrows are not to be
+produced artificially. It is possible, however, to prevent those that
+are really good from degenerating through neglect. When wiping the
+face dry after washing, pass a corner of the towel over the forefinger
+and set the eyebrows in the form you wish them to assume. And when
+oiling the hair, do not forget to oil the eyebrows also.
+
+=To Cure Watery and Inflamed Eyes.=--Foment frequently with decoction of
+poppy heads. When the irritation and inflammation occur, a teaspoonful
+of cognac brandy in four ounces of spring water may be used three or
+four times in the course of the day as a strengthening lotion.
+
+=General Care of the Eyes.=--The eyes, of all the features, stand
+pre-eminent for their beauty and ever-varying powers of expression,
+and for being the organs of the most exalted, delicate and useful of
+the senses. It is they alone that "reveal the external forms of beauty
+to the mind, and enable it to perceive them, even at a distance, with
+the speed of light. It is they alone that clothe the whole creation
+with the magic charms of color, and fix on every object the identity
+of figure. It is the eyes alone, or chiefly, that reveal the emotions
+of the mind to others, and that clothe the features with the language
+of the soul. Melting with pity, or glowing with hope, or redolent with
+love, benevolence, desire, or emulation, they impart to the
+countenance those vital fascinations which are the peculiar attributes
+of man." "And when the mind is subdued by fear, anxiety or shame, or
+overwhelmed by sorrow or despair, the eyes, like faithful chroniclers,
+still tell the truthful story of the mental disquietude. And hatred,
+anger, envy, pride, and jealousy, ambition, avarice, discontent, and
+all the varied passions and emotions that torment, excite or depress
+the human soul, and find a resting place in the human breast, obtain
+expression in the eyes. At one moment the instruments of receiving and
+imparting pleasure, at another the willing or passive instruments of
+pain, their influences and changes are as varied and boundless as the
+empire of thought itself." Through their silent expressions the mind
+reveals its workings to the external world in signs more rapid and as
+palpable as those uttered by the tongue. It is "the eyes alone that
+stamp the face with the outward symbol of animation and vitality," and
+which endue it with the visible "sanctity of reason." The eye is,
+indeed, the chief and most speaking feature of the face, and the one
+on whose excellence, more than any other, its beauty depends.
+
+Theories have been based on even the peculiar color of the eyes. Thus,
+it is said that dark blue eyes are found chiefly in persons of
+delicate, refined or effeminate mental character; light blue eyes, and
+more particularly gray eyes, in the hardy and active; hazel eyes, in
+the masculine, vigorous, and profound; black eyes, in those whose
+energy is of a desultory or remittent character, and who exhibit
+fickleness in pursuits and affection. Greenish eyes, it is asserted,
+have the same general meaning as gray eyes, with the addition of
+selfishness or a sinistrous disposition. These statements, however,
+though based on some general truths, and supported by popular opinion,
+are liable to so many exceptions as to be unreliable and valueless in
+their individual applications.
+
+Shakespeare is said to have had hazel eyes; Swift, blue eyes; Milton,
+Scott, and Byron, gray eyes. Wellington and Napoleon are also said to
+have had gray eyes.
+
+A beautiful eye is one that is full, clear, and brilliant; appropriate
+in color to the complexion, and in form to the features, and of which
+the connected parts--the eyelids, eyelashes, and eyebrows, which, with
+it, in a general view of the subject, collectively form the external
+eye--are also beautiful, and in keeping with it.
+
+To increase the beauty and expression of the eyes, various means are
+occasionally had recourse to, nearly all of which, except those herein
+mentioned in connection with the eyelashes and eyebrows, are not
+merely highly objectionable, but even dangerous. Thus, some
+fashionable ladies and actresses, to enhance the clearness and
+brilliancy of their eyes before appearing in public, are in the habit
+of exposing them to air slightly impregnated with the vapor of prussic
+acid. This is done by placing a single drop of the dilute acid at the
+bottom of an eyecup or eyeglass, and then holding the cup or glass
+against the eye for a few seconds, with the head in an inclined
+position. It has also been asserted, and I believe correctly, that
+certain ladies of the demimonde rub a very small quantity of
+belladonna ointment on the brow over each eye, or moisten the same
+part with a few drops of tincture of belladonna. This produces
+dilation of the pupil, and gives that peculiar fullness and an
+expression of languor to the eyes which, by some, is regarded as
+exceedingly fascinating. The use of these active medicinals in this
+way must be manifestly injurious; and when frequent, or long continued
+or carried to excess, must necessarily result in impaired vision, if
+not in actual blindness.
+
+The following means of repairing and restoring the sight, which has
+for some time been going the round of the press, being based on
+scientific principles, may be appropriately inserted here:
+
+For nearsightedness, close the eyes and pass the fingers, very gently,
+several times across them outward, from the canthus, or corner next
+the nose, towards the temple. This tends slightly to flatten the
+corner and lens of the eye, and thus to lengthen or extend the angle
+of vision. The operation should be repeated several times a day, or at
+least always after making one's toilet, until shortsightedness is
+nearly or completely removed. For long sight, loss of sight by age,
+weak sight, and generally for all those defects which require the use
+of magnifying glasses, gently pass the finger, or napkin, from the
+outer angle or corner of the eyes inward, above and below the eyeball,
+towards the nose. This tends slightly to "round up" the eyes, and thus
+to preserve or to restore the sight. It should be done every time the
+eyes are washed, or oftener.
+
+
+                  TO HAVE A BEAUTIFUL MOUTH AND LIPS.
+
+The beauty of the human mouth and lips, the delicacy of their
+formation and tints, their power of expression, which is only inferior
+to that of the eyes, and their elevated position as the media with the
+palate, tongue, and teeth, by which we communicate our thoughts to
+others in an audible form, need scarcely be dilated on here. The poet
+tells us that:
+
+    "The lips of woman out of roses take
+    The tints with which they ever stain themselves.
+    They are the beautiful, lofty shelves
+    Where rests the sweetness which the young hours make,
+    And which the earnest boy, whom we call Love,
+    Will often sip in sorrow or in play.
+    Health, when it comes, doth ruddiness approve,
+    But his strong foe soon flatters it away!
+    Disease and health for a warm pair of lips,
+    Like York and Lancaster, wage active strife:
+    One on his banner front the White rose keeps,
+    And one the Red; and thus with woman's life,
+    Her lips are made a battle-field for those
+    Who struggle for the color of a rose."
+
+A beautiful mouth is one that is moderately small, and has a
+well-defined and graceful outline; and beautiful lips are gracefully
+molded, neither thick nor thin, nor compressed nor lax, and that are
+endowed with expression and are tinted with the hues of health.
+
+The ladies of Eastern nations commonly heighten the hue and freshness
+of their lips by means of cosmetics, a practice which in Western
+Europe is only adopted on the stage, and occasionally by courtesans
+and ladies of the demimonde.
+
+Chapped lips most frequently occur in persons with pale, bluish, moist
+lips and a languid circulation, who are much exposed to the wind or
+who are continually moving from heated apartments to the external air.
+East and north-east winds are those that generally produce them. The
+occasional application of a little cold cream, lip salve, spermaceti
+ointment, or any other mild unguent, will generally prevent them, and
+remove them when they have already formed. A still more elegant and
+effective preventive and remedy is glycerine diluted with about twice
+its weight of eau-de-rose, or glycerinated lip salve or balsam.
+
+The moist vesicular eruption of the lips, referred to above, may also
+generally be prevented by the use of glycerine, or any of the
+preparations just mentioned. After its accession, the best treatment
+is to freely dust the affected portion of the lips with violet powder,
+finely powdered starch, prepared chalk, or French chalk or talc
+reduced to an impalpable powder by scraping or grating it.
+
+The following formulas of preparations are all valuable for
+beautifying and preserving the beauty of the lips:--
+
+=White Lip Salve--No. 1.=--Take half a pound spermaceti ointment,
+liquify it by the heat of warm water, and stir in one-half dram neroli
+or essence de petit-grain. In a few minutes pour off the clear portion
+from the dregs (if any) and add twenty drops of oil of rose. Lastly,
+before it cools, pour it into jars.
+
+=Lip Salve--No. 2.=--This indispensable adjunct to the toilet is made by
+melting in a jar, placed in a basin of boiling water, a quarter of an
+ounce each of white wax and spermaceti; flour of benzoin, fifteen
+grains; and half an ounce of oil of almonds. Stir till the mixture is
+cool. Color red with two-penny worth of alkanet root. Splendid for
+keeping the lips healthy and of a beautiful crimson color.
+
+=French Lip Salve.=--Lard, twenty-six ounces; white wax, two ounces;
+nitre and alum in fine powder, of each one-half ounce; alkanet to
+color.
+
+=German Lip Salve.=--Butter of cacao, one-half ounce; oil of almonds,
+one-quarter ounce; melt together with a gentle heat, and add six drops
+of essence of lemon.
+
+
+                        THE CARE OF THE TEETH.
+
+The influence which the teeth are capable of exercising on the
+personal appearance is usually known and admitted.
+
+The teeth have formed especial objects of attention, in connection
+with the toilet and cosmetic arts, from almost the earliest ages of
+the world to the present time. History and tradition, and the
+researches of arch�ologists among the remains of the prehistoric
+nations of the East, show us that even dentistry may trace back its
+origin to a date not very long subsequent to the "confusion of
+tongues."
+
+We are told that the ancient Welsh took particular care of their
+teeth, by frequently rubbing them with a stick of green hazel and a
+woollen cloth. To prevent their premature decay, they scrupulously
+avoided acid liquids, and invariably abstained from all hot food and
+drink.
+
+Europeans pride themselves on teeth of pearly whiteness; but many
+Asiatic nations regard them as beautiful only when of a black color.
+The Chinese, in order to blacken them, chew what is called "betel" or
+"betel nut," a common masticatory in the East. The Siamese and the
+Tonquinese do the same, but to a still greater extent, which renders
+their teeth as black as ebony, or more so. As the use of the
+masticatory is generally not commenced until a certain age, the common
+practice is to stain the teeth of the boys and girls with a strong
+preparation of it, on the former attaining the age of ten or twelve.
+
+Keeping the lips apart and breathing through the mouth instead of the
+nose, and, particularly, sleeping with the mouth open, are habits
+which are very prejudicial to the teeth and gums. In this way the
+mouth forms a trap to catch the dust and gritty particles floating in
+the atmosphere, which soon mechanically injure the enamel of the teeth
+by attrition.
+
+On the subject of cleanliness in connection with the teeth and mouth,
+it may be said that the mouth cannot be too frequently rinsed during
+the day, and that it should be more particularly so treated after each
+meal. Pure cold water is the best for the purpose. It not only cleans
+the teeth and mouth, but exerts a tonic action on the gums, which warm
+water, or even tepid water, is deficient in. When cold water cannot be
+tolerated, tepid water may be employed, the temperature being slightly
+lowered once every week or ten days until cold water can be borne.
+Every one who abhors a foetid breath, rotten teeth, and the
+toothache, would do well to thoroughly clean his teeth at bedtime,
+observing to well rinse the mouth with cold water on rising in the
+morning, and again in the day once, or oftener, as the opportunities
+occur. With smokers, the use of the toothbrush the last thing at night
+is almost obligatory if they value their teeth and wish to avoid the
+unpleasant flavor and sensation which teeth fouled with tobacco smoke
+occasion in the mouth on awakening in the morning.
+
+As to tooth powders or pastes to be used with the brush, the simplest
+are the best. Plain camphorated chalk, with or without a little finely
+powdered pumice stone or burnt hartshorn, is a popular and excellent
+tooth powder. It is capable of exerting sufficient friction under the
+brush to ensure pearly whiteness of the teeth without injuring the
+enamel, whilst the camphor in it tends to destroy the animalcula in
+the secretions of the mouth, whose skeletons or remains constitute, as
+we shall presently see, the incrassation popularly called "tartar."
+Recently-burnt charcoal, in very fine powder, is another excellent
+tooth powder, which, without injuring the enamel, is sufficiently
+gritty to clean the teeth and remove the tartar from them, and
+possesses the advantage of also removing the offensive odor arising
+from rotten teeth and from decomposing organic matter. The charcoal of
+the heavy hardwoods, as lignum-vit�, boxwood, oak, are the best; and
+these, as to quality, range in the order given. Still more valuable as
+a dentifrice is areca nut charcoal, which, besides possessing the
+properties of the other vegetable charcoals in an eminent degree, has
+valuable ones peculiar to itself.
+
+Some dentists, and some persons in imitation of them, in order to
+whiten the teeth, rub their surfaces with hydrochloric acid, somewhat
+dilute; but the practice is a most dangerous one, which, by a few
+repetitions, will sometimes utterly destroy the enamel and lead to the
+rapid decay of all the teeth so treated. Should the teeth be much
+discolored, and ordinary tooth powder prove ineffective, a little
+lemon juice used with the brush will generally render them perfectly
+white. It should only be employed occasionally, and the mouth should
+be well rinsed with water afterwards. A little of the pulp of an
+orange, used in the same way, is also very effective and safe, as are
+also ripe strawberries, which may be either rubbed on the teeth with
+the fingers or applied with the brush. The last form, perhaps, the
+very best natural dentifrice known. Besides possessing singular power
+in whitening and cleaning the teeth and rapidly removing tartar, they
+destroy the offensive odor of rotten teeth and impart an agreeable
+fragrance to the breath.
+
+The importance of a judicious attention to the teeth, in connection
+with health, cleanliness, and personal comfort and appearance, cannot
+be too often alluded to and enforced.
+
+It is no exaggeration to say that, taking the whole community, there
+are few, very few, who clean their teeth, or even wash their mouths,
+once a day. With the masses the operation, if performed at all, is
+confined to the Sabbath day, or to holidays; whilst refined, educated,
+and cleanly persons regard the operation of cleaning the teeth as a
+daily duty, as necessary as washing the face and hands. The dirty and
+vulgar--the two words are here synonymous--wholly neglect it, and too
+often even consider it as unnecessary, effeminate, and absurd. The
+consequences of the careless performance, or the neglect, of this
+really necessary personal duty are not long in being developed.
+Passing over the degradation of the other features, the offensiveness
+of the breath, often to a degree which renders the individual
+uncompanionable, and the unfavorable impression which, like other
+marks of uncleanliness, they convey of the taste and habits of their
+possessor, as the immediate effects of habitually neglected and dirty
+teeth, let us look at the more distant, but not less certain, ones:--
+
+In cases of ordinary toothache, even severe ones, chewing a small
+piece of really good pellitory will often give relief in a few
+minutes. Chewing a piece of strong, unbleached Jamaica ginger will
+often do the same in light cases. The celebrated John Wesley
+recommended a "few whiffs" at a pipe containing a little caraway seed
+mixed with tobacco as a simple and ready means of curing the
+toothache. I can bear testimony to the fact that in some cases it
+succeeds admirably.
+
+Scarcely anything is more disagreeable, and in marked cases, more
+disgusting, than foetid breath. It is unpleasant to the person that
+has it, and it renders him unfit for the society of others. The cause
+of stinking breath may generally be traced to rotten teeth, diseased
+stomach, or worms. When the first are the cause, the teeth should be
+thoroughly cleansed and then "stopped" in the manner already
+indicated; or, when this is impracticable, the offending tooth, or
+teeth, may be removed and replaced by artificial ones. When this
+cannot be done, or is inconvenient, the evil may be greatly lessened
+by the frequent use of an antiseptic tooth powder, areca nut charcoal
+or camphorated chalk. Dirty teeth, even when quite sound, always more
+or less taint the breath. When a foul or a diseased stomach is the
+cause, mild aperients should be administered; and if these do not
+succeed, an emetic may be given, scrupulous cleanliness of the teeth
+being observed, as in the former case. When worms are the cause, worm
+medicine, under medical direction, will be necessary.
+
+=To Cure Foul Breath.=--When bad breath is occasioned by teeth, or any
+local cause, use a gargle consisting of a spoonful of solution of
+chloride of lime in half a tumbler of water.
+
+=To Have White and Beautiful Teeth.=--An article known as "The Queen's
+Tooth Preserver" is made as follows: One ounce of coarsely powdered
+Peruvian bark, mixed in half a pint of brandy for twelve days. Gargle
+the mouth (teeth and gums) with a teaspoonful of this liquid, diluted
+with an equal quantity of rose-water. Always wash off the teeth after
+each meal with water. Also, twice a day, wash the teeth with the ashes
+of burned bread--bread burned to ashes.
+
+=For Decayed Teeth.=--There is nothing better than two scruples of myrrh
+in fine powder, one scruple of juniper gum, and ten grains of alum,
+mixed in honey. Apply often to the teeth.
+
+=To Cure Toothache.=--Take equal parts of camphor, sulphuric ether,
+ammonia, laudanum, tincture of cayenne, and one-eighth part oil of
+cloves. Mix well together. Saturate with the liquid a small piece of
+cotton, and apply to the cavity of the diseased tooth, and the pain
+will cease immediately.
+
+=Premium Tooth Powder.=--Six ounces prepared chalk, one-half ounce
+cassia powder, one ounce orris; mix well.
+
+=Mouth Pastilles for Perfuming the Breath.=--First: Extract of
+liquorice, three ounces; oil of cloves, one and a half drams; oil of
+cinnamon, fifteen drops. Mix, and divide into one-grain pills.
+
+Second: Catechu, seven drams; orris powder, forty grains; sugar, three
+ounces; oil of rosemary (or of cloves, peppermint, or cinnamon), four
+drops. Mix, and roll flat on oiled marble slab, and cut into very
+small tablets.
+
+=Feuchtwanger's Tooth Paste.=--Powdered myrrh, two ounces; burned alum,
+one ounce; cream tartar, one ounce; cuttlefish bone, four ounces; drop
+lake, two ounces; honey, half a gallon. Mix. Reduce the proportion for
+a small quantity.
+
+=Fine Tooth Powder.=--Powdered orris root, one ounce; Peruvian bark, one
+ounce; prepared chalk, one ounce; myrrh, one-half ounce. Mix.
+
+=To Remove Offensive Breath.=--For this purpose, almost the only
+substance that should be admitted to the toilet is the concentrated
+solution of chloride of soda. From six to ten drops of it in a
+wineglassful of spring water, taken immediately after the operations
+of the toilet are completed.
+
+In some cases, the odor arising from caries is combined with that of
+the stomach. If the mouth be well rinsed with a teaspoonful of the
+solution of the chloride in a tumbler of water, the bad odor of the
+teeth will be removed.
+
+=Rye Tooth Powder.=--Rye contains carbonate of lime, carbonate of
+magnesia, oxide of iron, manganese, and silica, all suitable for
+application to the teeth. Therefore, a fine tooth powder is made by
+burning rye, or rye bread, to ashes, and grinding it to powder by
+passing the rolling-pin over it. Pass the powder through a sieve, and
+use.
+
+=Camphorated Chalk.=--This favorite tooth powder is easily made. Take a
+pound of prepared chalk, and with this mix two drams of camphor very
+finely powdered, and moisten with spirits of wine. Thoroughly mix.
+
+=To Remove the Yellow Color from Teeth.=--Take of dry hypochlorite of
+lime, one-half dram; red coral, two drams. Tincturate and mix
+thoroughly. This powder is employed in the following manner: A new
+brush is slightly moistened, then dipped in the powder and applied to
+the teeth. A few days after the use of this powder the teeth will
+acquire a beautiful white color.
+
+=Camphor Paste.=--Take one ounce of oil ammoniac, four drams of camphor.
+Let the above be very finely powdered, then mix it with sufficient
+honey to make it into a smooth paste; triturate it until entirely
+smooth. This is a most excellent paste for preserving and beautifying
+the teeth.
+
+=Preservative Tincture for the Teeth and Gums.=--Take four drams of
+camphor, one ounce of tincture of myrrh, one ounce of tincture of
+bark, and one ounce of rectified spirits of wine; mix them, and put 30
+or 40 drops in a wineglassful of water. Pour a little of this upon
+your brush before you apply it to the powder, and when the teeth are
+clean, wash the mouth, teeth, and gums with the remainder. It will in
+ordinary cases prevent toothache.
+
+=Powerfully Cleansing Dentifrice.=--Take fine powder of pumice stone,
+four drams; fine powder of cuttlefish bone, four drams; add one
+scruple of subcarbonate of soda. Mix them well together, color and
+scent according to taste, and then pass it through a fine sieve.
+
+=Infallible Cure for Toothache.=--Take alum, reduced to an impalpable
+powder, two drams; nitreous spirits of ether, seven drams. Mix, and
+apply them to the tooth. This is said to be an infallible cure for all
+kinds of toothache, unless the disease is connected with rheumatism.
+
+=Mixture for Decayed Teeth.=--Make a balsam with a sufficient quantity
+of honey, two scruples of myrrh in fine powder, a scruple of gum
+juniper, and ten grains of rock alum. A portion to be applied
+frequently to the decayed tooth.
+
+=To Whiten and Beautify the Teeth.=--Take gum tragacanth, one ounce;
+pumice stone, two drams; gum arabic, one ounce; cream of tartar, one
+ounce. Dissolve the gums in rose-water, and adding to it the powder,
+form the whole into little sticks, which are to be dried slowly in the
+shade, and afterwards kept for use. Use on the brush like soap.
+
+
+             HOW TO HAVE SOFT, WHITE AND BEAUTIFUL HANDS.
+
+There are very few beautiful hands, but to make the hands beautiful
+rests, with scarcely an exception, with the possessor. Now that
+chiromancy has become so fashionable as to be a part of a great many
+entertainments, it is very desirable that the hands should present an
+attractive appearance. A soft, white, delicate hand, with neatly-kept
+nails, forms an important factor in a pleasing personal appearance,
+and is something any man or woman may possess themselves of with a
+little care. Of course it goes without saying, that requisite is
+perfect cleanliness of both the hands and nails. The best and purest
+soap should be used, and when soft water cannot be obtained, a few
+drops of ammonia, or a little borax, should be added to the water in
+which the hands are washed, and they should always be thoroughly
+dried. A lotion of one ounce glycerine, one ounce rose-water, ten
+drops of carbolic acid, and forty drops of hamamelis, is excellent to
+use on the hands before they are dried each time they are washed.
+
+Persons who do housework should wear the India rubber gloves which are
+made for the purpose and can be purchased in any size for from $1.00
+to $1.25 as they are with or without wrists.
+
+Rubbing the hands once or twice a day in oatmeal tends to whiten them
+and make them soft and flexible.
+
+The following bleaches the hands and arms and makes them beautifully
+soft and white:--
+
+=Bleaching Lotion.=--Bitter almonds, ten ounces; iris powder, one ounce;
+pulverized horse-chestnut, two ounces; essence of bergamot, one dram;
+carbonate of potash, two drams; mix. Use on the hands after washing,
+and on retiring for the night.
+
+Five grains of chloridated lime in a pint of warm water will whiten
+the hands and remove all stains, but as this is not always quite
+harmless to a delicate skin, it is perhaps better to remove stains
+with a cut of lemon, and use the preparation given above for whitening
+them.
+
+Tight lacing and tight sleeves, and even tight shoes, will cause the
+hands to be an unsightly red, for which no lotion or care is a remedy.
+If, however, all the clothing is worn so as to allow a free
+circulation, and the directions which have been given are regularly
+and constantly followed, any hand will become white, supple and
+delicate--a pleasure to both possessor and beholder; and it is really
+worth the care, which after a little time becomes a fixed habit and so
+is scarcely noticeable, to have such hands.
+
+=To Make the Hands White and Delicate.=--Should you wish to make your
+hands white and delicate, wash them in hot milk and water for a day or
+two. On retiring to rest, rub them well over with palm oil, and put on
+a pair of woollen gloves. The hands should be thoroughly washed with
+hot water and soap the next morning, and a pair of soft leather gloves
+worn during the day; they should be frequently rubbed together to
+promote circulation. Sunburnt hands should be washed in lime water or
+lemon juice. Should they be severely freckled, the following will be
+good to use: Take of distilled water, half a pint; sal ammoniac, half
+a dram; oxymuriate of quicksilver, four grains; divide the two last in
+spirit, and gradually add the water to them; add another half pint of
+water, mix well together, and it is ready for use. It should be
+applied as often as desirable, with a piece of soft sponge. If
+rose-water is substituted for distilled water, the effect is
+pleasanter.
+
+=Remedy for Chapped Hands.=--The simplest remedy is the camphor ball, to
+be obtained of all chemists. Powdered hemlock bark put into a piece of
+muslin and sprinkled on the chaps is highly recommended. Or, wash with
+oatmeal, and afterwards rub the hands over with dry oatmeal, so as to
+remove all dampness. It is a good thing to rub the hands and lips with
+glycerine before going to bed at night. A good oil is made by
+simmering: Sweet oil, one pint; Venice turpentine, three ounces; lard,
+half a pound; beeswax, three ounces. Simmer till the wax is melted.
+Rub on, or apply with a rag.
+
+=To Cure Red Hands.=--Wash them frequently in warm, not hot, water,
+using honey soap and soft towel. Dry with violet powder, and again
+with a soft, dry handkerchief. Take exercise enough to promote
+circulation, and do not wear gloves too tight.
+
+=Almond Paste for the Hands.=--Take one pound of sweet almonds,
+one-quarter of a pound of bread crumbs, one half a pint of spring
+water, one-half a pint of brandy, and the yolks of two eggs. Pound the
+almonds with a few drops of vinegar or water, to prevent them oiling;
+add the crumbs of bread, which moisten with the brandy as you mix it
+with the almonds and the yolks of eggs. Set this mixture over a slow
+fire, and stir it continually or it will adhere to the edges.
+
+=Almond Paste for Chapped Hands= (which will preserve them smooth and
+white).--The daily use of the following paste will keep the hands
+smooth and white: Mix a quarter of a pound of unsalted hog's lard,
+which has been washed in common, and then in rose, water, with the
+yolks of two fresh eggs and a large spoonful of honey. Add as much
+paste from almonds (well pounded in a mortar) as will work it into a
+paste.
+
+=General Remarks.=--The human hand, regarded either with reference to
+its ingenious construction and usefulness, or to its beauty, stands
+alone, in its superlative excellence, in the whole animal world. In no
+species of animal is the hand so wonderfully formed and so perfectly
+developed as in man.
+
+To preserve the delicacy and beauty of the hands, some little care,
+and more than that which is ordinarily bestowed on them, is required.
+Foremost in consideration must be the subject of cleanliness. Dirty
+and coarse hands are no less marks of slothfulness and lowbreeding
+than clean and delicate hands are of refinement and gentility. To
+promote softness and whiteness of the skin, mild emollient soaps, or
+those abounding in oil or fat, should alone be adopted for common use;
+by which means the tendency to contract chaps and chilblains, and
+roughness from drying winds, will also be lessened. The coarse, strong
+kinds of soap, those abounding in alkali, should be rejected, as they
+tend to render the skin rough, dry and brittle. Rain, or soft, water
+is the best natural water for washing the hands, as it cleanses them
+more rapidly and completely than ordinary hard water, and with the use
+of less soap. It may be advantageously used tepid, or even warm; but
+hot water should be avoided. Distilled water, when obtainable, is
+preferable to even rain water. In the absence of these, water that
+has been boiled and allowed to settle and cool may be employed. With
+hard water the hands are cleansed with difficulty, and though it may
+be readily softened by the addition of a little soda, such an addition
+tends to make the skin of a delicate hand somewhat hard and rough. If
+hard water must be used to wash with, the only harmless substance that
+can be conveniently added to it is a little good powdered borax. This
+will also cause it to exert a genial action on the skin. Oatmeal and
+warm water used every night and morning as a wash will whiten and
+soften the roughest and darkest hands.
+
+=Coarse, Red, Dark-Skinned Hands= may be whitened by the occasional use
+of a few grains of chloride of lime, with warm water, in the manner
+mentioned above.
+
+=Roughness of the Hands=, induced by exposure to cold and drying winds,
+may, in general, be removed by the use of a little powdered pumice
+stone with the soap in washing them. The subsequent application,
+particularly at night, of the above lotions, or of two or three drops
+of almond or olive oil, well rubbed in, will usually effect the object
+completely.
+
+The hands may be preserved dry for delicate work by rubbing a little
+club moss (lycopodium), in fine powder, over them. So repellent is
+this substance of moisture, that if a small quantity of it be
+sprinkled on the surface of a basin of water, the hand, by a little
+adroitness, may be plunged to the bottom of the basin without becoming
+wet.
+
+Excessive moisture or perspiration of the hands without obvious cause
+is generally indicative of debility, or disordered stomach, and
+requires corresponding treatment. Frequently washing the hands in
+moderately cold water often proves a local remedy for the
+inconvenience. The addition of a few grains of alum, sal ammoniac, or
+sulphate of zinc, or of a teaspoonful of vinegar, to the water greatly
+increases its efficacy. Extremely delicate and susceptible persons
+cannot always bear the excessive perspiration of their hands to be
+thus suddenly lessened, and therefore some discretion should be
+exercised by them in their attempts to check it.
+
+=The Finger Nails= require special attention if we desire to preserve
+them in their highest condition of beauty and usefulness. To keep them
+clean, the nailbrush and soap and water should be used once or oftener
+daily, as circumstances demand. Once a day at least, on wiping the
+hands after washing them, and whilst they are still soft from the
+action of the water, the free edge of the scarfskin, which, if not
+attended to, is apt to grow upward over the nails, should be gently
+loosened and pressed back in a neatly rounded form, by which the
+occurrence of cracks and sores about their roots (agnails, nail
+springs, etc.) will be prevented, and a graceful, oval form, ending in
+a crescentlike space of white, will be ensured. The skin, as a rule,
+should never be cut, pared, picked or torn off, as is commonly done,
+and the less it is meddled with, otherwise than in the way just
+mentioned, the better. The ends or points of the nails should be pared
+once every week or ten days, according to the rapidity of their
+growth, which somewhat varies with the season of the year and the
+habit of the individual. This is best done with a sharp penknife or
+nail-knife. Scissors are less convenient for the purpose, and have the
+disadvantage of straining and distorting the nails during the process.
+
+The length and shape of the nails, both for beauty and use, should
+exactly correspond with the tips of the fingers. Nails extending
+beyond the ends of the fingers are vulgar, clawlike, and inconvenient;
+whilst if shorter, particularly much shorter than the fingers, they
+are unsightly and of little use, and cause the tips of the fingers to
+become thick and clumsy. Biting the nails should be avoided as a dirty
+and disagreeable habit, and one utterly destructive to their beauty,
+strength, and usefulness.
+
+To remove stains and discolorations of the nails, a little lemon juice
+or vinegar and water is the best application. Should this fail, a few
+grains of salt of sorrel, oxalic acid, or chloride of lime, each
+diluted with warm water, may be applied, care being taken to
+thoroughly rinse the hands in clean water, without soap, afterwards.
+Occasionally a little pumice stone, in impalpable powder, or powdered
+cuttlefish bone, putty powder (polisher's peroxide of tin), may be
+used along with water and a piece of wash-leather, flannel, or the
+nailbrush, for the same purpose. The frequent use of any of these
+substances is, however, injurious to the healthy growth, strength, and
+permanent beauty of the nails. The common practice of scraping the
+surface of the nails cannot be too strongly censured, as it causes
+them to become weak and distorted. Blows on the nails, and, indeed,
+violence to them in any form, also distorts and marks them.
+
+The ladies of Oriental nations commonly dye the nails; and amongst
+many savage tribes the same practice is adopted, and is not confined
+to the gentler sex. Amongst Western Europeans, and Americans, white
+and regularly-formed nails are alone esteemed.
+
+=Chapped Hands= are common among persons with a languid circulation, who
+are continually "dabbling" in water during cold weather, and
+particularly among those with a scrofulous taint, who, without the
+last, expose their ungloved hands to bleak, cold winds. The best
+preventives, as well as remedies, are the use of warm gloves out of
+doors, and the application, night and morning, of a little glycerine,
+diluted with twice its weight of water, or a little cold cream,
+spermaceti cerate, salad oil, or any other simple unguent or oil,
+which should be well rubbed in, the superfluous portion being removed
+with a towel. This treatment will not only preserve the hands from the
+effects of cold and damp, but also tend to render them soft and white.
+Deep chaps which have degenerated into sores should be kept constantly
+covered with a piece of lint wetted with glycerine or spread with
+spermaceti ointment, the part being at the same time carefully
+preserved from dirt, cold, and wind. It is said that a once favorite
+actress, celebrated for the beauty of her hands, even when in the
+"sere and yellow leaf," covered them nightly with the flare of a calf
+or lamb, with the fat attached, over which was drawn a glove or mitten
+of soft leather. The application of a little glycerine or fatty
+matter, in the way just indicated, would have been equally effective.
+
+=Warts=, like chilblains, are too well known to require description.
+They chiefly attack the hands, and particularly the fingers, but
+sometimes occur on other portions of the body. They may be removed by
+rubbing or moistening their extremities every day, or every other day,
+with lunar caustic, nitric acid, concentrated acetic acid, or aromatic
+vinegar, care being taken not to wash the hands for some hours after.
+The first is an extremely convenient and manageable substance, from
+not being liable to drop or spread; but it produces a black stain,
+which remains till the cauterized surface peels off. The second
+produces a yellow stain, in depth proportioned to the strength of the
+acid employed. This also wears off after the lapse of a few days. The
+others scarcely discolor the skin.
+
+=To Cause the Skin to become Satin-smooth, and to Smell like a bunch of
+Violets.=--Any one using the following preparation will be noted for
+the fair softness of her complexion and the delicate perfume which
+emanates from her person. For ladies who like perfume, and care for a
+satin-smooth skin, the following is an invaluable toilet
+preparation:--
+
+Have your druggist mix for you one ounce tincture of orris, one ounce
+tincture of benzoin, ten drops oil of neroli, and ten drops oil of
+lemon. To use this perfume, add a tablespoonful of it to about a pint
+of warm water. It will turn as white as milk, and the real perfume
+will be given off, whereas while in the bottle it has anything but a
+pleasing odor. Now, after your bath, just take a soft cloth and go
+over yourself with this milk, dry thoroughly, and you will smell like
+a bunch of violets. The perfume may be altered to suit you, or you may
+add any handkerchief extract, but don't omit the benzoin, for that is
+what gives permanence to the perfume and softness and smoothness to
+the skin.
+
+=To Cause Those Who have Lost the Bloom and Fairness of Early Youth to
+Regain Them.=--Many ladies who as young girls were fair with a lovely
+rosy bloom, lose these beauties very early in life; very many do this
+at twenty, or very little later, and become sallow and heavy-eyed,
+thus losing their principal charm. Now, this is very easily remedied.
+Go to your druggist and ask him for some iron pills and for some
+simple purgative to take with them. Get from him directions for taking
+both, and take strictly according to his directions. In a very short
+time you will again be fair and rosy and your eyes bright and
+sparkling; in fact, you will seem to have renewed your youth, and,
+indeed, you will feel like another person, so light-hearted will you
+become, in addition to your return of beauty.
+
+
+                               THE HAIR.
+
+=Its Estimation, Structure, Growth, Management, Etc.=--The hair is not
+only invaluable as a protective covering of the head, but it gives a
+finish and imparts unequalled grace to the features which it
+surrounds. Sculptors and painters have bestowed on its representation
+their highest skill and care, and its description and praises have
+been sung in the sweetest lays by the poets of all ages. Whether in
+flowing ringlets, chaste and simple bands, or graceful braids
+artistically disposed, it is equally charming, and clothes with
+fascination even the simplest forms of beauty.
+
+    O wondrous, wondrous, is her hair!
+    A braided wealth of golden brown,
+    That drops on neck and temples bare.
+
+If there is one point more than another on which the tastes of mankind
+appear to agree, it is that rich, luxuriant, flowing hair is not
+merely beautiful in itself, but an important, nay, an essential,
+auxiliary to the highest development of the personal charms. Among all
+the refined nations of antiquity, as in all time since, the care,
+arrangement and decoration of the hair formed a prominent and
+generally leading portion of their toilet. The ancient Egyptians and
+Assyrians, and other Eastern nations, bestowed on it the most
+elaborate attention. The ancient Jews, like their modern descendants,
+were noted for the luxuriance and richness of their hair and the care
+which they devoted to it. Glossy flowing black hair is represented to
+have been the glory of the ancient Jewess, and in her person to have
+exhibited charms of the most imposing character; whilst the chasteness
+of its arrangement was only equalled by its almost magic beauty. Nor
+was this luxuriance, and this attention to the hair, confined to the
+gentler sex, for among the pagan Orientals the hair and beards of the
+males were not less sedulously attended to. Among the males of Judah
+and Israel, long flowing ringlets appear to have been regarded as
+highly desirable and attractive. The reputed beauty and the prodigious
+length and weight of the hair of Absalom, the son of David, as
+recorded in the sacred text, would be sufficient to startle the most
+enthusiastic modern dandy that cultivates the crinal ornament of his
+person. Solomon the Wise, another son of David, conceived the beauty
+of hair sufficiently dignified to express figuratively the graces of
+the Church.
+
+The hair, though devoid of sensibility and unsusceptible of expression
+under the influence of the will and the ordinary mental feelings, like
+the mobile portions of the face, and though it may be popularly
+regarded rather in the light of a parasitic growth than as an
+essential portion of the body, is capable of being affected by the
+stronger emotions and passions, and even of aiding their expression in
+the features. Who is there that, at some period or other of his life,
+if only in childhood, in a moment of sudden terror or horror, has not
+experienced the sensation popularly described as "the hair standing on
+end?" Or who is there that, at some time or other, has not witnessed
+the partial erection of the hair in children or females under like
+violent emotions, or seen the representation of it in sculptures or
+paintings? Those passions, so aptly styled by Gray the "vultures of
+the mind," frequently affect with wonderful rapidity the health of
+both the body and the mind, which wreck the hair soon sympathizes with
+and shares. Instances are recorded in which violent grief in a few
+weeks has blanched the hair and anticipated the effects of age; and
+others in which intense terror or horror has affected the same with
+even greater celerity, the change having occurred in a few days or
+even in a few hours.
+
+Besides daily attention to the hair, something else is necessary to
+insure its cleanliness and beauty and the perfect health of the skin
+of the head from which it springs. For this purpose the head should
+be occasionally well washed with soap and water, an abundance of water
+being used and great care being subsequently taken to thoroughly rinse
+out the whole of the soap with the water in which the head has been
+washed. The water may be either tepid or cold, according to the
+feelings or habit of the person; and if the head or hair be very
+scurfy or dirty, or hard water be used, a few grains of soda (not
+potash or pearlash) may be advantageously added to the water. This
+will increase its detersive qualities. After the hair has been washed,
+which should be done quickly, though thoroughly, it should be freed as
+much as possible by pressure with the hands and then wiped with a
+soft, thick towel, which should be done with care, to avoid entangling
+it. After laying it straight, first with the coarse end of the
+dressing comb and then with the finer portion, it may be finally
+dressed.
+
+In ordinary cases once every two or three weeks is often enough to
+wash the hair and head. The extreme length of ladies' hair will
+sometimes render the process of washing it very troublesome and
+inconvenient. In such cases the patient and assiduous use of a clean,
+good hairbrush, followed by washing the partings and the crown of the
+head with soap and water, may be substituted.
+
+The occasional washing of the head is absolutely necessary to preserve
+the health of the scalp and the luxuriance and beauty of the hair when
+much oil, pomatum or other greasy substance is used in dressing it.
+
+Medical writers have frequently pointed out the ill effects of the
+free or excessive use of oily or greasy articles for the hair; but
+their warnings appear to be unheeded by the mass of mankind. Some
+object to their use altogether. There are, however, exceptions to
+every rule, and some of these exceptions are noticed elsewhere in this
+volume. The ill effects referred to chiefly occur from their being
+used when not required, and in excess, and are aggravated by the
+neglect of thorough cleanliness.
+
+To improve the growth and luxuriance of the hair, when languid or
+defective, the only natural and perfectly safe method that can be
+adopted is to promote the healthy action of the scalp by increasing
+the vigor of the circulation of the blood through its minute channels.
+For this purpose nothing is so simple and effective as gentle
+excitation of the skin by frequent continued friction with the
+hairbrush, which has the convenience of ease of application and
+inexpensiveness. The same object may be further promoted by the
+application of any simple cosmetic wash or other preparation that
+will gently excite or stimulate the skin or exercise a tonic action on
+it without clogging its pores. Strong rosemary water or rosemary tea,
+and a weak solution of the essential oil of either rosemary or garden
+thyme, are popular articles of this kind. They may be rendered more
+stimulating by the addition of a little ammonia or a little spirit, or
+both of them. The skin of the head should be moistened with these on
+each occasion of dressing the hair, and their diffusion and action
+promoted by the use of a clean hairbrush. Aromatized water, to which a
+very little tincture or vinegar of cantharides (preferably the former)
+has been added, may also be used in the same way, and is in high
+repute for the purpose. When the skin is pale, lax, and wrinkled,
+astringent washes may be used. Strong black tea is a convenient and
+excellent application of this kind. When the skin and hair are dry,
+and the latter also stiff and untractable, a little glycerine is an
+appropriate addition to each of the preceding washes or lotions. The
+occasional use of a little bland oil, strongly scented with oil of
+rosemary or of origanum, or with both of them, or with oil of mace, or
+very slightly tinctured with cantharides, is also generally very
+serviceable when there is poorness and dryness of the hair. When the
+hair is unnaturally greasy and lax (a defect that seldom occurs), the
+use of the astringent washes just referred to, or of a little simple
+oil slightly scented with the essential oil of bitter almonds, will
+tend to remove or lessen it.
+
+All the articles named above promote the glossiness and waviness of
+the hair, and are also among the simplest, safest, and best
+applications that can be employed when the hair is weak and begins to
+fall off.
+
+To impart some degree of curliness or waviness to the hair when it is
+naturally straight, and to render it more retentive of the curl
+imparted to it by papers or by other modes of dressing it, various
+methods are often adopted and different cosmetics employed. The first
+object appears to be promoted by keeping the hair for a time in a
+state intermediate between perfect dryness and humidity, from which
+different parts of its structure, being unequally affected in this
+respect, will acquire different degrees of relaxation and rigidity,
+and thus have a tendency to assume a wavy or slightly curly form,
+provided the hair be left loose enough to allow it. For this purpose
+nothing is better than washing the hair with soap and water, to which
+a few grains of salt of tartar (carbonate of potash) have been added;
+or it may be slightly moistened with any of the hair washes mentioned
+in the last paragraph, in each half-pint of which a few grains of the
+carbonate (say ten or twelve), or a teaspoonful of glycerine, has
+been dissolved. The moistened hair, after the application of the
+brush, should be finally loosely adjusted as desired with the
+dressing-comb. The effect occurs as the hair dries. When oils are
+preferable to hair washes, those strongly scented with the oil of
+rosemary, to which a few drops of oil of thyme or origanum may be
+added, appear to be the most useful.
+
+To cause the hair to retain the position given to it in dressing it,
+various methods and cosmetics are commonly employed. When the
+arrangement is a natural one and the hair healthy and tractable, the
+free use of the hairbrush will usually be sufficient for the purpose.
+When this is insufficient, the application of a few drops of oil, or,
+better still, moistening the hair with a little simple water, will
+effect the object satisfactorily. In very elaborate and unnatural
+styles of dressing the hair, and to cause it to remain in curl or to
+retain its position during dancing, or violent exercise, bandoline and
+cosmetique or hard pomatum are the articles commonly employed in
+fashionable life. Mild ale or porter has a similar effect, and is
+often substituted for the preceding expensive cosmetics. The frequent
+use of any of these articles is objectionable, as they clog up the
+pores of the skin and shield both it and the hair from the genial
+action of the atmosphere, which is essential to their healthy vigor.
+They should, hence, be subsequently removed by carefully washing the
+head with a little soap and tepid water. Their use may be tolerated in
+dressing for the ballroom, but on no other occasion. Simple water
+skillfully employed, as noticed elsewhere, is the best and safest
+mixture, and under ordinary circumstances is amply sufficient for the
+purpose.
+
+The practice of artificially changing the color of the hair, and
+particularly of dyeing it, has descended to us from remote antiquity,
+and though not so common in Western Europe as formerly, is still far
+from infrequent at the present day. This might be inferred from the
+multitude of nostrums for the purpose continually advertised in the
+newspapers, and from the number of persons who announce themselves as
+practicing the art, even though the keen and experienced eye did not
+frequently detect instances of it, as it now does, in the hair and
+beards of those we see around us. The recent rage after light auburn
+or reddish hair in fashionable life has, unfortunately, greatly
+multiplied these instances. The consideration of the subject, however,
+in its ethical relations does not come within the province of the
+present work, and I shall confine myself to pointing out how the color
+of the hair may be changed in the safest and most satisfactory
+manner.
+
+To change the color of the hair various methods and preparations are
+employed. The principal of these are intended to darken it, but
+sometimes the contrary is aimed at. Whichever object is desired, it is
+necessary that the article or preparation employed to carry it out be
+not of a caustic or irritant nature, capable of injuriously affecting
+the delicate skin to which it is applied, or that it may be liable to
+come in contact with, as is the case with many of the nostrums vended
+for the purpose. Some of the substances that necessarily enter into
+the composition of hair strains and hair dyes, or that are used in
+connection with them, possess these objectionable properties in a high
+degree, and can, therefore, only be safely employed in a state of
+proper dilution and combination. If any doubt exists respecting such
+an article, it is a wise precaution to regard it with suspicion and to
+test its qualities before applying it for the first time. This may be
+done by placing some of it on the soft skin of the inner side of the
+wrist or fore-arm, and allowing it to remain there as long, and under
+the same conditions, as it is ordered to be left in contact with the
+hair or skin of the head or face. In this way the injury or loss of
+the hair, sores, and other serious consequences that too often follow
+the use of advertised and ill-prepared hair dyes may be generally
+avoided.
+
+To gradually darken the shade of the hair on these principles,
+provided its normal sulphur be still secreted by the hair-bulbs and be
+still present in its structure, it will, therefore, generally be
+sufficient to occasionally employ a weak solution of any of the milder
+salts of iron as a hair wash. The menstruum may be water, to which a
+little spirits and a few drops of oil of rosemary to increase its
+stimulating qualities have been added. In applying it, the head being
+first washed clean, care should be taken to thoroughly moisten the
+whole surface of the hair and the skin of the head with the wash; and
+its absorption and action should be promoted by the free use of a
+clean hairbrush. Wine is the favorite solvent for the iron; ale and
+beer are also sometimes so employed. Most of the fashionable
+ferruginous hair washes also contain a few grains of acetate of copper
+or distilled verdigris, the objections to which have been already
+pointed out.
+
+The daily use of oil or pomatum, with which a few grains of carbonate
+of lead, lead plaster, or trisnitrate of bismuth, have been blended by
+heat and careful trituration, has generally a like effect on the hair
+to ferruginous solutions; so also has a leaden comb, but its action is
+very uncertain. None of these last are, however, safe for
+long-continued use. Atrophy of the scalp, baldness, and even local
+paralysis, have sometimes, though rarely, been caused by them.
+
+When the normal sulphur of the hair is absent, or deficient, the
+preceding substances fail to darken the hair. In this case the desired
+effect may often be produced by also moistening the head, say twice a
+week, with water, to which a little sulphuret of potassium or
+hydrosulphuret of ammonia has been added.
+
+When it is desired to dye or darken the hair more rapidly, as in a few
+hours, or even a few minutes, plumbite of lime, plumbite of potassa,
+or nitrate or ammonia--nitrate of silver--is usually employed. The
+first is commonly produced by the admixture of quicklime with oxide of
+lead (litharge), carbonate of lead, or acetate of lead. These
+ingredients should be in appropriate proportions, but very generally
+the reverse is the case in those of the shops.
+
+It may be laid down as a rule that when the lime is in greater
+proportion than about two to one of the oxide, and to the
+corresponding equivalents of the other substances mentioned, or when
+the lime has not been prepared in a proper manner, the compound is not
+safe, and very likely to prove injurious to the skin and hair-bulbs,
+and perhaps to act as a depilatory. The effects of these lead dyes
+arise partly in the way previously described and partly by direct
+chemical action between the sulphur of the hair and the lead which
+they contain, sulphuret of lead being formed in the surfacial portion
+of the hair. It is on the last that their more immediate effect
+depends. If there be no sulphur in the hair, they will not darken it.
+After the necessary period of contact, they should be gently but
+thoroughly removed from the hair and skin by rubbing them off with the
+fingers, and by the use of the hairbrush, the head being then washed
+clean with tepid water. Should the tint imparted by them not be deep
+enough, or be too fiery, it may be darkened and turned on the brown or
+black by moistening the hair the next day with a very weak solution of
+sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of ammonia.
+
+None of the compounds of lead stain the skin, an advantage which has
+led to a preference being given to them by many persons who are clumsy
+manipulators, and to the more extensive use of them than of other hair
+dyes.
+
+The salts of silver above referred to are more rapid in their action
+as hair dyes than those containing lead. It is only necessary to wash
+the hair quite clean and free from grease, then to moisten it with a
+weak solution of one of them, and, lastly, to expose it to the light,
+to effect the object in view. Sunlight will fully darken it in a few
+minutes, but in diffused daylight it will take two or three hours, or
+longer, to acquire the deepest shade. To avoid this delay and
+inconvenience, the common practice is, a few minutes after applying
+the silver solution, to moisten or wet the hair with a solution of
+sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of ammonia. The effect is
+immediate, and the full depth of shade which a silver solution of the
+strength employed is capable of imparting is at once produced. A few
+minutes later and the hair and skin may be rinsed with tepid water,
+gently wiped dry, and the hair finally adjusted with the comb. The
+effect of its application, its rapid action, and the satisfactory
+nature of the effect produced, all tend to render a solution of
+nitrate of silver the favorite hair dye of those who have sufficient
+skill and steadiness of hand to use it properly.
+
+It will be useful here to inform the inexperienced reader that all
+solutions and compounds which contain nitrate of silver stain the skin
+as well as the hair, if they be allowed to touch it. These stains may
+be removed, when quite recent, by rubbing them with a piece of rag or
+sponge wetted with a weak solution of potassium, of hydrosulphuret of
+ammonia, or of iodide of potassium; but as this is attended with some
+trouble and inconvenience, the best way is to avoid the necessity of
+having recourse to it. The hairdressers commonly adopt the plan of
+smearing hard pomatum or cosmetique over the skin immediately
+surrounding the hair to be operated upon, in order to protect it from
+the dye. By very skillful manipulation, and the observance of due
+precautions, the hair may be thoroughly moistened with the silver
+solution without touching the adjacent skin; but this can only be done
+when the hair of the head is under treatment by a second party.
+
+In reference to the tone and shades of color given by the substances
+commonly employed to dye the hair, it may be useful to state that the
+shades given by preparations of _iron_ and _bismuth_ range from dark
+brown to black; those given by the salts of silver, from a fine
+natural chestnut to deep brown and black, all of which are rich and
+unexceptional. The shades given by lead vary from reddish-brown and
+auburn to black; and when pale or when the dye has been badly applied
+or compounded, are generally of a sandy, reddish hue, often far from
+agreeable. However, this tendency of the lead dyes has recently led to
+their extensive use to impart that peculiar tint to the light hair of
+ladies and children which is now so fashionable. Other substances,
+hereafter referred to, are, however, preferable, as imparting a more
+pleasing hue.
+
+The reddish tint produced by lead, as already hinted, may be generally
+darkened into a brown, more or less rich, by subsequently moistening
+the hair with a weak solution of either sulphuret of potassium or
+hydrosulphuret of ammonia.
+
+The favorite compounds for external use in baldness, and, perhaps, the
+most convenient and best, are such as owe their stimulating quality to
+cantharides or Spanish flies, or to their active principle,
+cantharidine. This application of these drugs has received the
+sanction of the highest medical authorities, both in Europe and
+America. The leading professional hair-restorers now rely almost
+exclusively on cantharides, and all the more celebrated advertised
+nostrums for restoring the hair contain it as their active ingredient.
+
+Oils and pomades, very strongly impregnated with the essential oil of
+garden thyme (origanum) and rosemary, and lotions or liniments
+containing ammonia with a like addition of these essential oils,
+probably come next in the frequency of their use as popular
+restoratives of the hair in actual and incipient baldness.
+
+=To Have Elegant Hair.=--Every girl should have thick, magnificent hair.
+It is essential to clip the ends of the hair once a month after a
+child is four years of age. Ammonia and warm water is an excellent
+wash for the hair and scalp, and gives life and vigor to it when all
+other articles fail.
+
+=Wild Rose Curling Fluid.=--Take two drams (avoirdupois) dry salt of
+tartar; (carbonate of potassa) powdered cochineal, half dram; liquor
+of ammonia and spirit de rose, each one fluid dram; glycerine,
+one-fourth ounce; rectified spirit, one and one-half imperial fluid
+ounces; distilled water, eighteen ounces; digest with agitation for a
+week, and then decant or filter. The hair to be moistened with it, and
+then loosely adjusted. The effect occurs as it dries.
+
+=To Cause the Hair to Grow very Thick.=--One of the most powerful
+stimulants for the growth of the hair is the following: Take a quarter
+of an ounce of the chippings of alkanet root, tie in a scrap of coarse
+muslin, and suspend it in a jar containing eight ounces of sweet oil
+for a week, covering it from the dust. Add to this sixty drops
+tincture of cantharides, ten drops oil of rose, sixty drops of neroli,
+and sixty drops oil of lemon. Let this stand twenty days, closely
+corked, and you will have one of the greatest hair-invigorators and
+hair-growers that this world has ever produced.
+
+=Lola Montez Hair Coloring.=--This celebrated woman published the
+following, and claimed that it was as harmless as any preparation that
+would really color the hair: Ten grains of gallic acid, one ounce of
+acetic acid, one ounce of tincture of sesgurichloride of iron.
+Dissolve the gallic acid, sesgurichloride, and add the acetic acid.
+Wash the hair with soap and water; when dried, apply the dye by
+dipping a fine comb in it and drawing through the hair so as to color
+the roots thoroughly. Let it dry, then oil and brush well.
+
+=Hair Restorative.=--Four drams oxide bismuth, four drams spermaceti,
+four ounces pure hog's lard. The lard and spermaceti should be melted
+together. When nearly cool, stir in the bismuth and perfume. Prevents
+the hair from turning gray, and restores gray hair.
+
+=For Bald Heads.=--A most valuable remedy for promoting the growth of
+the hair is an application, once or twice a day, of wild indigo and
+alcohol. Take four ounces of wild indigo and steep it about a week or
+ten days in a pint of alcohol and a pint of hot water, when it will be
+ready for use. The head must be thoroughly washed with the liquid,
+morning and evening, application being made with a sponge or soft
+brush.
+
+Another excellent preparation is composed of three ounces of castor
+oil, with just enough alcohol to cut the oil, to which add twenty
+drops tincture of cantharides, and perfume to suit. This not only
+softens and imparts a gloss to the hair, but also invigorates and
+strengthens the roots of the hair.
+
+=Excellent Hair Wash.=--Take one ounce of borax, half an ounce of
+camphor; powder these ingredients very fine and dissolve them in one
+quart boiling water. When cool the solution will be ready for use.
+Dampen the hair frequently. This wash effectually cleanses,
+beautifies, and strengthens the hair, preserves the color, and
+prevents early baldness. The camphor will form into lumps after being
+dissolved, but the water will be sufficiently impregnated.
+
+=To Cure Baldness.=--Cologne water, two ounces; tincture of cantharides,
+two drams; oil of lavender or rosemary, of each ten drops. These
+applications must be used twice a day for three or four weeks, but if
+the scalp becomes sore they may be discontinued for a time or used at
+longer intervals.
+
+When the hair falls off, from diminished action of the scalp,
+preparations of cantharides are excellent. The following will cause
+the hair to grow faster than any other preparation: Beef marrow
+(soaked in several waters, melted and strained), half a pound;
+tincture cantharides (made by soaking for a week one dram of powdered
+cantharides in one ounce of proof spirit), one ounce; oil of bergamot,
+twelve drops.
+
+=Stimulants for the Hair.=--Vinegar and water form a good wash for the
+roots of the hair. A solution of ammonia is often used with good
+effect for the same purpose. For removing scurf, glycerine diluted
+with a little rose-water will be found of service. Any preparation of
+rosemary forms an agreeable and highly cleansing wash. The yolk of an
+egg beaten up in warm water is a most nutritious application to the
+scalp. A very good application is made in this way: Take an ounce of
+powdered borax and a small piece of camphor and dissolve in a quart of
+boiling water. The hair must afterwards be washed in warm water. Many
+heads of hair require nothing more in the way of wash than soap and
+water. The following recipe will strengthen the hair and prevent its
+falling out: Vinegar of cantharides, half an ounce; eau de cologne,
+one ounce; rose-water, one ounce. The scalp should be brushed briskly
+until it becomes red, and the lotion should then be applied to the
+roots of the hair twice a day.
+
+=The Golden Hair Secret.=--The rage for light, gold color, or even red
+hair, which has prevailed for some time, has led to various expedients
+for procuring it. Many ladies have sacrificed fine heads of hair, and
+in place of their own dark tresses have adopted light wigs; but the
+prevailing absurdity has been the use of strong alkalies for the
+purpose of turning dark hair light. This is the purpose of the
+ausicomus fluid, which may be procured of any hairdresser; but we warn
+our fair readers that the use of these products is apt to be
+disappointing. They certainly will turn black to a brick-dust hue, but
+the color is often disagreeable. It is apt to present itself in
+patches in different hues, and the effect on the hair is terrible--it
+often rots and crumbles away. In place of this absurd practice, we
+recommend the following as available for trying the effect for dress
+purpose: Procure a packet of gold powder of the hairdresser. Have
+ready a very weak solution of gum and water, and one of the small
+perfume vaporizers now in use. When the hair has been dressed,
+sprinkle it with gum and water by means of the vaporizer and then
+shower on the gold powder. It may be put on thick enough to hide the
+color of the hair, and owing to the gum it cannot be danced off. The
+effect by artificial light is beautiful.
+
+=For Keeping the Hair Crimped or Curled in Summer.=--A quarter of an
+ounce of gum tragacanth, one pint rose-water, and five drops of
+glycerine; mix and let stand over night. If the tragacanth is not
+dissolved, let it remain half a day longer; if it is thick add more
+rose-water and let it remain for some hours. If then it is a smooth
+solution, nearly as thin as glycerine, it is fit for use. Dampen the
+hair before crimping or curling.
+
+=To Bleach the Hair.=--It has been found in the bleaching of hair that
+gaseous chlorine is the most effectual. The hair should be cleaned for
+that purpose by a warm solution of soda and washed afterwards with
+water. While moist it is put into a jar with chlorine gas introduced
+until the air in the jar looks greenish. Allow it to remain on for
+twenty-four hours, and then, if necessary, repeat the operation.
+
+=A New French Remedy for Baldness.=--Croton oil, one of the best French
+remedies for baldness, is employed by simply adding to it oil or
+pomade, and stirring or agitating the two together until admixture or
+solution is complete. The formula adopted by the eminent French
+physician who introduced this remedy, and who speaks in the most
+confident and enthusiastic way of the success attending its use, is:
+Take croton oil, twelve drops (minims); oil of almonds, four troy
+grains. Mix. A little is to be well rubbed on the scalp twice a day.
+Soft down, we are assured, appears in three weeks.
+
+=For Improving the Hair.=--_Palma Christi oil for thickening the hair_:
+Take one ounce of Palma Christi oil, add oil of lavender or bergamot
+to scent it. Let it be well brushed into the hair for two or three
+months, particularly applying it to those parts where it may be most
+desirable to render the hair luxuriant. This is a simple and valuable
+oil, and not in the hands of any monopolist.
+
+=To Dye the Hair Flaxen.=--We have heard the following is effective:
+Take a quart of lye prepared from the ashes of vine twigs, briony,
+celandine roots, and tumeric, of each half an ounce; saffron and lily
+roots, of each two drams; flowers of mullein, yellow stechas, broom,
+and St. John's wort, of each a dram. Boil these together and strain
+off the liquor clear. Frequently wash the hair with the fluid, and it
+will change it, we are told, in a short time to a beautiful flaxen
+color.
+
+=A Powder for Preserving the Hair.=--The following powder has the name
+of facilitating the regeneration of the hair and strengthening its
+roots. Still more valuable properties have been ascribed to it, such
+as that of rousing the imagination to vigorous efforts and
+strengthening the memory--delightful properties if they could be
+realized by such simple means. Take an ounce and a half of red roses;
+a small quantity each of calamus aromaticus (sweet-scented flag), and
+of the long cyperus; an ounce of benzoin; six drams of aloes (the wood
+of); half an ounce of red coral, and the same quantity of amber; four
+ounces of bean flour; and eight ounces of the root of Florentine iris.
+Let the whole be mixed together and reduced to a very fine powder, to
+which add a few grains of musk. This powder is to be sprinkled on the
+hair in the same manner as hair powder is generally used, and, having
+remained for a time embedded with the hair, to be removed by means of
+comb and brush; and to be occasionally applied and removed. It is said
+to regenerate the hair and strengthen the roots, and to possess the
+properties which are above enumerated.
+
+=To Make the Hair Grow and to Prevent It from Falling.=--The following
+recipes are selected from a work published some years ago in Paris,
+entitled "Manuel Cosmetique des Plantes":--
+
+Take the roots of young vines, the roots of hemp, and young cabbages,
+of each two handfuls. Dry, and then burn them. Make afterwards a lye
+with the ashes. Before the head is washed with this lye it must be
+rubbed with honey, and continue both for three successive days. This
+will not only make the hair grow, but restore it upon bald places,
+under certain habits and constitutions of body. Pulverize some parsley
+seed, and use it as hair powder for three nights at the commencement
+of the year, and it will prevent your hair from falling.
+
+=To Make the Hair Grow Quick.=--Dip, every morning, the teeth of your
+comb in the juice of nettles, and comb the hair against the grain.
+
+=Mixture for Shampoo.=--Bay rum, one pint; tincture of cantharides, one
+dram; carbonate of ammonia, one half dram; salts tartar, one half
+dram. Mix.
+
+=To Prevent the Hair Falling Out.=--Boxwood shavings, six ounces; proof
+spirit, twelve ounces; spirits of rosemary, two ounces; spirits of
+nutmeg, one half ounce. Mix.
+
+=Wash for Scald Heads.=--Take one half ounce of sulphate of potassa, one
+pint of lime water, one ounce of soap liniment. Mix, and apply to the
+head two or three times a day.
+
+
+                        POWDERS AND THEIR USES.
+
+The powders usually sold by druggists are injurious to the complexion,
+owing to harmful ingredients. If a powder is perfectly pure, a
+moderate use of it will not harm the complexion, but if it is impure
+it soon causes the face to turn sallow and yellow. The following is
+perfectly pure, and is a splendid article, giving a lovely, refined
+complexion:--
+
+=Boston Burnet Powder for the Face.=--Five cents' worth of bay rum, five
+cents' worth of magnesia snowflake, five cents' worth of bergamot,
+five cents' worth oil of lemon; mix in a pint bottle and fill up with
+rain water. Perfectly harmless, and splendid.
+
+=Queen Bess Complexion Wash.=--Put in a vial one dram of benzoin gum in
+powder, one dram nutmeg oil, six drops of orange-blossom tea or apple
+blossoms; put in half a pint of rain water, and boiled down to a
+spoonful, and strained; one-pint of sherry wine. Bathe the face
+morning and night; it will remove all flesh-worms and freckles, and
+give a beautiful complexion. Or, put one ounce of powdered gum benzoin
+in a pint of whisky. To use: Put in water in washbowl till it is
+milky.
+
+
+                         FLESH-WORMS--TO CURE.
+
+Black specks on the nose disfigure the face. Remove by washing
+thoroughly in tepid water, rubbing with a towel, and applying with a
+soft flannel a lotion made of three ounces of cologne and half an
+ounce of liquor of potash.
+
+
+            TO WHITEN THE SKIN AND REMOVE FRECKLES AND TAN.
+
+Bathe three times a day in a preparation of three quarts water, one
+quart alcohol, two ounces of cologne and one of borax, in proportion
+of two teaspoons mixture to two tablespoons soft water.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+
+                  TREATING OF MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.
+
+
+=The Human Temperaments.=--By these are meant certain types, forms or
+conformations of the human body, each known and distinguished from the
+other by certain characteristics, which enable those who are familiar
+with these peculiarities to readily distinguish one temperament from
+the others. The existence of the temperaments is believed to depend
+upon the development of certain parts or systems in the body, and each
+is accompanied by different degrees of activity of the brain, and
+corresponding difference in the talents and manifestations of the
+individual. They are four in number, viz.: Nervous, Sanguine, Bilious,
+and Lymphatic. When the brain and nerves are predominant, it is termed
+the _nervous_ temperament; if the lungs and blood vessels
+constitutionally predominate, the _sanguine_; if the muscular and
+fibrous systems are in the ascendency, the _bilious_; and when the
+glands and assimilating organs are in the ascendency, it is termed the
+_lymphatic_ or _phlegmatic_.
+
+First: The nervous is indicated by fine, thin hair, small muscles,
+thin skin, pale countenance, brilliant eyes, with great quickness and
+sensitiveness to impressions, and is really the mental or intellectual
+temperament.
+
+Second: The sanguine is known by a stout, well-defined form, a full
+face, florid complexion, moderate plumpness, firm flesh, chestnut or
+sandy hair, and blue eyes. This is the tough, hardy, working
+temperament, excessively fond of exercise and activity, and a great
+aversion to muscular quiescence and inactivity, and consequently
+averse to books and close literary pursuits.
+
+Third: The bilious is indicated by a thin, spare face, dark skin,
+black hair, firm flesh, moderate stoutness, with rough, harsh, and
+strongly marked features. This temperament gives great will,
+elasticity, and powers of endurance, and, when combined with the
+nervous, is the great, efficient, moving temperament in the great
+events of the world.
+
+Fourth: The lymphatic is indicated by paleness, roundness of the form,
+softness of muscle, fair hair, sleepy, half-closed eyes, and a dull,
+sluggish, inexpressive face. In this temperament the brain and all
+other parts of the body appear to be slow, dull, and languid, and the
+whole body little else than one great manufactory of fat. These
+temperaments, however, are rarely found pure, but mixed or blended in
+an almost endless variety of ways, producing the ever-varying
+peculiarities of human character and intellect.
+
+
+           THE FORTUNATE AND UNFORTUNATE DAYS OF EACH MONTH.
+
+                              FORTUNATE.
+
+In January, six days--the 1st, 2nd, 15th, 26th, 27th, and 28th.
+In February, four days--the 11th, 21st, 25th, and 26th.
+In March, two days--the 10th and 24th.
+In April, five days--the 6th, 15th, 16th, 20th, and 28th.
+In May, three days--the 3rd, 18th, and 31st.
+In June, five days--the 10th, 11th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th.
+In July, three days--the 9th, 15th, and 28th.
+In August, six days--the 6th, 7th, 10th, 11th, 19th, and 25th.
+In September, five days--the 4th, 8th, 17th, 18th, and 23rd.
+In October, five days--the 3rd, 7th, 16th, 21st, and 22nd.
+In November, three days--the 5th, 14th, and 20th.
+In December, six days--the 15th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, and 25th.
+
+
+                             UNFORTUNATE.
+
+In January, seven days--the 3rd, 4th, 6th, 13th, 14th, 20th, and 21st.
+In February, seven days--the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 17th, and 23rd.
+In March, eight days--the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 28th, and 29th.
+In April, two days--the 24th and 25th.
+In May, five days--the 17th, 20th, 27th, 29th, and 30th.
+In June, eight days--the 1st, 5th, 6th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 24th.
+In July, four days--the 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 18th.
+In August, two days--the 15th and 16th.
+In September, two days--the 9th and 16th.
+In October, six days--the 4th, 9th, 11th, 17th, 27th, and 31st
+In November, four days--the 3rd, 9th, 10th, and 21st.
+In December, two days--the 14th and 21st.
+
+
+         DAYS OF THE WEEK--THEIR IMPORTANCE AT THE NATAL HOUR.
+
+A child born on Sunday shall be of long life and obtain riches.
+
+A child born on Monday will be weak and effeminate.
+
+Tuesday is more unfortunate still, though a child born on this day
+may, by extraordinary vigilance, conquer the inordinate desires to
+which he will be subject; still, in his violent attempts to gratify
+them, he will be in danger of a violent death.
+
+The child born on Wednesday will be given to a studious life, and
+shall reap great profit therefrom.
+
+A child born on Thursday shall attain great honor and dignity.
+
+He who calls Friday his natal day shall be of a strong constitution,
+and perhaps addicted to the pleasures of love.
+
+Saturday is another ill-omened day; most children born on this day
+will be of heavy, dull, and dogged disposition.
+
+
+                     IMPORTANT ADVICE TO FEMALES.
+
+It has often been observed, and experience has shown the observation
+to be a true one, that some event of importance is sure to happen to a
+woman in her thirty-first year, whether it prove for her good or it be
+some evil or temptation; therefore we advise her to be circumspect in
+all her actions. If she is a maiden or widow, it is probable she will
+marry this year. If a wife, that she will lose her children or
+husband. She will either receive riches or travel into a foreign land;
+at all events, some circumstance or other will take place during this
+remarkable year of her life that will have great effect on her future
+fortunes and existence.
+
+
+                            THE MAGIC RING.
+
+=To know whom you will marry, and what kind of a fate you will have
+with them.=--Borrow a wedding ring, concealing the purpose for which
+you borrow it; but no widow's or pretended marriage ring will do--it
+spoils the charm; wear it for three hours at least before you retire
+to rest, and then suspend it, by a hair off your head, over your
+pillow; write within a circle resembling a ring, the sentence from the
+matrimonial service beginning with, "_with this ring I thee wed_," and
+round the circle write your own name at full length, and the figures
+that stand for your age; place it under your pillow, and your dream
+will fully explain whom you are to marry, and what kind of a fate you
+will have with them. If your dream is too confused to remember it, or
+you do not dream at all, it is a certain sign that you will never be
+married.
+
+
+                PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF A GOOD GENIUS.
+
+A straight, erect body, neither over tall nor short, between fat and
+thin. The flesh naturally soft. The skin neither soft nor rough, but a
+medium between. The complexion white, verging to a blush of redness.
+The hair between hard and soft, usually of a brown color. The head and
+face of a moderate size. The forehead rather high. The eyes manly,
+big, and clear, of a blue or hazel color. The aspect mild and humane.
+The teeth so mixed that some are broad and some narrow. A subtle
+tongue, and the voice between intense and remiss. The neck comely and
+smooth. The channel-bone of the throat appearing and moving. The back
+and ribs not over fleshy. The shoulders plain and slender. The hands
+indifferently long and smooth. The fingers long, smooth, and equally
+distant. The nails white, mixed with red, and shining. The carriage of
+the body erect in walking.
+
+
+         ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, OR PSYCHOLOGICAL FASCINATION.
+
+The most easy, sure and direct mode to produce electro-psychological
+communication is to take the individual by the hand, in the same
+manner as though you were going to shake hands. Press your thumb with
+moderate force upon the _ulnar nerve_, which spreads its branches to
+the ring and little finger. The pressure should be nearly one inch
+above the knuckle, and in range of the ring finger. Lay the ball of
+the thumb flat and particularly crosswise so as to cover the minute
+branches of this nerve of motion and sensation. When you first take
+your subject by the hand, request him to place his eyes upon yours,
+and to keep them fixed, so that he may see every emotion of your mind
+expressed in the countenance. Continue this pressure for half a minute
+or more, then request him to close his eyes, and with your fingers
+gently brush downward several times over the eyelids, as though
+fastening them firmly together. Throughout the whole process feel
+within yourself a fixed determination to close them, so as to express
+that determination fully in your countenance and manner. Having done
+this, place your hand on the top of his head and press your thumb
+firmly on the organ of individuality, bearing partially downward, and
+with the other thumb still pressing the _ulnar nerve_, tell him, _You
+cannot open your eyes!_ Remember that your manner, your expression of
+countenance, your motions, and your language must all be of the same
+positive character. If he succeed in opening his eyes, try it once or
+twice more, because impressions, whether physical or mental, continue
+to deepen by repetition. In case, however, that you cannot close his
+eyes, nor see any effect produced upon them, you should cease making
+any further efforts, because you have now fairly tested that his mind
+and body both stand in a positive relation as regards the doctrine of
+impressions. If you succeed in closing the subject's eyes by the above
+mode, you may then request him to put his hands on his head, or in any
+other position you choose, and tell him, _You cannot stir them!_ In
+case you succeed, request him to be seated, and tell him, _You cannot
+rise!_ If you are successful in this, request him to put his hands in
+motion, and tell him, _You cannot stop them!_ If you succeed, request
+him to walk on the floor, and tell him, _You cannot cease walking!_ As
+so you may continue to perform experiments, involving muscular motion
+and paralysis of any kind that may recur to your mind, till you can
+completely control him in arresting or moving all the voluntary parts
+of his system.
+
+
+                              MESMERISM.
+
+If you desire to mesmerize a person, who has never been put in that
+state, nor in the least affected, the plan is to set him in an easy
+posture and request him to be calm and resigned. Take him by both
+hands, or else by one hand and place your other gently on his
+forehead. But with whatever part of his body you choose to come in
+contact, be sure to always touch two points, answering to the
+_positive_ and _negative_ forces. Having taken him by both hands, fix
+your eyes upon his, and, if possible, let him contentedly and steadily
+look you in the face. Remain in this position until his eyes close.
+Then place both your hands on his head, gently pass them to his
+shoulders, down the arms, and off at the ends of his fingers. Throw
+your hands outward as you return them to his head, and continue these
+passes till he can hear no voice but yours. He is then entirely in the
+mesmeric state. When a person is in the mesmeric state, whether put
+there by yourself or someone else, you can awake him by the upward
+passes, or else do it by an impression, as follows: Tell him, "I will
+count _three_, and at the same instant I say _three_ I will slap my
+hands together, and you will be wide awake and in your perfect senses.
+Are you ready?" If he answers in the affirmative, you will proceed to
+count "One, two, three!" The word three should be spoken suddenly, and
+in a very loud voice, and at the same instant the palms of the hands
+should be smitten together. This will instantly awake him.
+
+
+            HOW TO MAKE PERSONS AT A DISTANCE THINK OF YOU.
+
+Let it be particularly remembered that "faith" and concentration of
+thought are positively needful to accomplish aught in drawing others
+to you, or making them think of you. If you have not the capacity or
+understanding to operate an electric telegraph battery, it is no proof
+that an expert and competent person should fail in doing so. Just so
+in this case; if faith, meditation, or concentration of thought fail
+you, then will you also fail to operate on others. First, you must
+have a yearning for the person you wish to make think of you; and,
+secondly, you must learn to guess at what time of day or night, he may
+be unemployed--passive--so that he may be in a proper state to receive
+the thought which you dispatch to him. If he should be occupied in any
+way, so that his nervous forces were needed to complete his task, his
+"human battery," or thought, would not be in a recipient or passive
+condition, therefore your experiment would fail at that moment. Or, if
+he were under heavy narcotics, liquors, tobacco, or gluttonous
+influences, he could not be reached at such moments. Or, if he were
+asleep, and you operated to effect a wakeful mind or thought, you
+would fail again at the moment. To make a person at a distance think
+of you (whether you are acquainted with him or not, matters not), I
+again repeat, find out or guess at what moment he is likely to be
+passive--by this I mean easy and careless; then, with the most fervent
+prayer or yearning of your entire heart, mind, soul, and strength,
+desire he may think of you. And if you wish him to think on any
+particular topic in relation to you, it is necessary for you to press
+your hands, when operating on him, on such mental faculties of your
+head as you wish him to exercise towards you. This demands a meager
+knowledge of Phrenology. His "feeling nature," or "propensities," you
+cannot reach through these operations, but when he thinks of you (if
+he does not know you, he imagines such a being as you are) he can
+easily afterwards be controlled by you, and he will feel disposed to
+go in the direction where you are, if circumstances permit and he is
+his own master, for, remember, circumstances alter cases. I said you
+cannot reach his "feeling," but only his "thinking," nature, truly,
+but after he thinks of you once his "feeling nature," or propensities,
+may become aroused through his own organization. In conclusion on this
+topic, let me say that if you wish the person simply to think of you,
+one operation may answer; but, on the contrary, if you wish him to
+meet you, or go where you are, all you have to do is to persevere, in
+a lawful and Christian manner, to operate, and I assure you, in the
+course of all natural things--that is, if no accident or very
+unfavorable circumstances occur--he will make his way towards you, and
+when he comes within sight, or reaching distance of you, it will be
+easy to manage him.
+
+
+              HOW TO CHARM THOSE WHOM YOU MEET AND LOVE.
+
+When you desire to make any one "love" you with whom you meet,
+although not personally acquainted with him, you can very readily
+reach him and make his acquaintance, if you observe the foregoing
+instructions in addition to the following directions: Suppose you see
+him coming towards you, in an unoccupied mood, or recklessly or
+passively walking past you, all that remains for you at that moment is
+to concentrate your thought, and send it into him as before explained,
+and, to your astonishment, if he was passive, he will look at you, and
+now is your time to send a thrill to his heart, by looking him
+carelessly, though determinately, in the eyes, and praying him, with
+all your heart, mind, soul, and strength, that he may read your
+thought and receive your true love, which God designs we should bear
+one another. This accomplished, and you need not, and must not, wait
+for a cold-hearted, fashionable, and popular Christian introduction;
+neither should you hastily run into his arms, but continue operating
+in this psychological manner, not losing any convenient opportunity to
+meet him at an appropriate place, when an unembarrassed exchange of
+words will open the door to the one so magnetized. At this interview,
+unless prudence sanction it, do not shake hands, but let your manners
+and loving eyes speak with Christian charity and ease. Wherever or
+whenever you meet again, at the first opportunity grasp his hand in an
+earnest, sincere, and affectionate manner, observing at the same time
+the following important directions, viz.: As you take his bare hand in
+yours, press your thumb gently, though firmly, between the bones of
+the thumb and the forefinger of his hand, and at the very instant when
+you press thus on the blood vessels (which you can before ascertain to
+pulsate) look him earnestly and lovingly in the eyes, and send all
+your heart's, mind's, and soul's strength into his organization, and
+he will be your friend, and if you find him not to be congenial, you
+have him in your power, and by carefully guarding against evil
+influences, you can reform him to suit your own purified, Christian,
+and loving taste.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER III.
+
+                  A SPECIAL CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN.
+
+
+                               MARRIAGE.
+
+Advice upon this subject is very much needed. I am assured that it is
+a subject not often talked of in families--at least, as it ought to
+be--nor is it much alluded to in the pulpit, and the result is that
+young people commonly get their notions about it from those only a
+little older than themselves, and who therefore know but little more
+than they do, or from those who form their opinions from the abuse
+they see of it and so hold degrading and unworthy ideas respecting it.
+Sometimes all that is known about it amounts to this, that it is a
+delightful thing to be married.
+
+It is quite true that it often is, and always ought to be, delightful;
+still, you know it is frequently the reverse. You cannot, then, be too
+cautious in the matter.
+
+Nothing can be more orderly, right, proper, and holy than marriage. It
+is not, however, quite so simple an affair as you may fancy. Every
+good thing (and this is one of the best) requires some effort to
+obtain it, and unless you take the right course you must not expect to
+succeed.
+
+You may often see a young woman who, from not entertaining correct
+views on the point, is certainly taking a wrong course, her endeavors
+being rather to make what she considers a good match than by acquiring
+kind and orderly habits to qualify herself to become worthy of a
+worthy husband.
+
+That the best things are liable to the greatest abuses is notorious,
+and from the lamentable fact that marriage is often abused we may
+fairly infer its pre-eminent worth. In truth, there is nothing more
+valuable. It is, then, highly injurious to entertain low notions
+respecting it, and men who indulge in loose conversation on the
+subject are likely at the same time to think meanly of women. Beware
+of them, and if you hear them expressing such opinions in your
+presence, withdraw from them at once as unworthy of your company.
+Never fear but they will respect you the more for the rebuke.
+
+Of course you are looking forward to settling happily, and will do
+your best for that purpose. On this let me remark that all happiness
+(that is, all that is genuine, and therefore worthy of the name) comes
+from connection with the one great source of all good, and He has
+freely and fully provided all the means necessary for our being happy,
+both here and hereafter. He has placed each of us where it is best for
+us to be, and in the circumstances that are best for us at the time,
+and this applies to you and to me now. Howsoever much appearances may
+be to the contrary, He cares as much for each of us as if we were the
+sole objects of His care. It is only by doing our duty in humble
+dependence on His assistance, which He never withholds, that we can be
+happy. It behooves you, then, to consider well what is your duty, in
+order that you may do it and may enjoy the blessings He is so ready to
+bestow. I hope you may have been a loving and dutiful daughter, an
+affectionate sister, and a faithful friend; then you may have good
+ground of hope for the future.
+
+
+                      WHEN A PROSPECT OF MARRIAGE
+
+occurs you cannot do better than consult your mother, aunt, or other
+discreet relative that has your welfare at heart, from whom you may
+reasonably expect the best and most disinterested advice; and this it
+will be well for you to be guided by. Women of mature years can judge
+far better than you whether a man is likely to make a good husband.
+You should likewise quietly and cautiously make your own observations
+among your married acquaintances, especially where you believe there
+is a comfortable and happy home. You will doubtless find that to a
+very great extent this happy home depends on the wife's management and
+economy. Very often it happens that when two husbands have the same
+income, with the same number of children, there will be comfort in the
+one home and discomfort in the other. Now, there must be a reason for
+this, and you should endeavor to find it out and profit by the lesson.
+It is said "Cleanliness is next to godliness," and truly the value of
+cleanliness cannot be overrated. In point of time, it should go before
+godliness, for where there is not cleanliness there can hardly be
+godliness; and the health of body and mind are greatly dependent on
+these two. Moreover, where can there be complete happiness without
+health?
+
+One of the most prolific sources of matrimonial difficulties is the
+lack of knowledge on the part of wives of the duties of housekeeping.
+In these days there are a hundred young ladies who can drum on the
+piano to one who can make a good loaf of bread.
+
+
+                         YET A HUNGRY HUSBAND
+
+cares more for a good dinner than he does--as long as his appetite is
+unappeased--to listen to the music of the spheres. Heavy bread has
+made many heavy hearts, given rise to dyspepsia--horrid dyspepsia--and
+its herd of accompanying torments. Girls who desire that their
+husbands should be amiable and kind, should learn how to make good
+bread. When a young man is courting, he can live well at home; or, if
+he has to go a distance to pay his addresses, he usually obtains good
+meals at an hotel or an eating-house; but when he is married and gets
+to housekeeping, his wife assumes the functions of his mother or his
+landlord, and it is fortunate for her if she has been educated so as
+to know what a good table is. Those who are entirely dependent upon
+hired cooks make a very poor show at housekeeping. The stomach
+performs a very important part in the economy of humanity, and wives
+who are forgetful of this fact commit a serious mistake.
+
+You know full well that most young men--and most young women, too--are
+desirous of marrying and having a family; but they do not sufficiently
+consider that it is God who gives them this desire, and that for the
+wisest of purposes; not only that this world may be peopled, but also
+that its inhabitants may be prepared for heaven.
+
+Nothing is more certain than that
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE AFFORDS
+
+the fairest opportunities for preparing for a better world. In it we
+have others dearer than ourselves to think about and provide for; and
+in doing so, we have often to practice that very useful virtue,
+self-denial. Let me here impress upon you most deeply, that it is only
+by making others happy that we can become happy ourselves. The angels,
+we may be assured, are happy, because they are always actively good;
+and for a similar reason it is that God himself is infinitely happy.
+If you try to secure you own happiness by any other means than a
+faithful discharge of your duty to God and your neighbor, you will
+certainly fail.
+
+I dare say you will find that
+
+
+                  YOUNG MEN ARE FOND OF YOUR COMPANY,
+
+and of paying you every polite attention, and you, as a right-minded
+woman, are well pleased to be so treated. It is due to you _as a
+woman_. Now, each of them is, or ought to be, looking out for a wife,
+and it is well that you should know this. It is, too, more important
+than you perhaps are aware, that you should be carefully making your
+own observations, so that when the time arrives for one of them to ask
+you to become his wife you may not be taken by surprise, but may know
+how to act on the occasion.
+
+Let me caution you here against a failing that is common among young
+women. I mean that of making themselves too cheap. They feel flattered
+by the attentions paid to them, and are not sufficiently aware that
+many young men are fond of indulging in flattery; and such, if they
+find a young woman weak enough to be pleased with it, will perhaps
+play upon her feelings and gain her affections without having any
+honorable intentions towards her.
+
+As a protection against such, I recommend you to have a proper respect
+for yourself, and to consider with what object or purpose you receive
+their attentions. If you respond without an object, you may be doing
+them wrong; if you accept them when they have no right intentions, you
+allow them to wrong you. For this purpose consider well what you
+are--a human being intended for an eternity of bliss. God has made you
+a woman; and, believe me, as there is no fairer, so there is no nobler
+creature than woman. She is formed to be her husband's helpmate and
+the mother of his children, and the all-important work of training
+these for heaven depends mainly upon her. Great, then, is her
+responsibility; but God has given her the requisite love and power to
+do her duty with satisfaction and delight. He has placed you in this
+beautiful world that by doing your duty as a daughter, sister, wife,
+mother, and friend, you may become fitted to enter His heavenly
+kingdom.
+
+During your courtship let me entreat you to be very careful and
+circumspect. There is no period of life that can compare with this
+delightful season. It is, or should be, full of sunshine and sparkling
+with the poetry of life; but alas! to many it is the opposite. A want
+of judgment--a momentary indiscretion--has not only blotted out this
+beautiful springtime of life, but has marred, darkened, and blighted
+the whole of the after lifetime.
+
+No maiden can, under any circumstances, place her character in the
+hands of any man before marriage. No matter how sincere the love, how
+ardent the protestations, how earnest or plausible the pleadings, you
+must not, you cannot, surrender your honor. You must preserve your
+prudence and virtue; it is only by possession of these that you can
+keep
+
+
+                  THE LOVE AND RESPECT OF YOUR LOVER.
+
+Be firm, be circumspect; a rash word or a false step may extinguish
+forever all your bright hopes and prospective joys. Even should your
+lover redeem his promises and take you to be his wife, this
+indiscretion, or crime, will surely hang over you like a curse,
+creating discord, trouble, and sorrow, the greatest portion of which
+will fall to your share.
+
+You must know that young men, however amiable, worthy or honorable
+they may be, may, in a moment of intense excitement, commit a sin that
+in their calmer moments they would not be guilty of for worlds.
+
+But under all circumstances you will be looked upon to resist any
+advances, and maintain your purity and virtue. No matter how high the
+tide of passion may run in unguarded moments, and set in against
+heaven and against society, the terrible and painful ebb will surely
+follow and leave you stranded forever on the bleak and barren shore of
+your earthly existence.
+
+
+               THERE IS NO STATE OF LIFE MORE HONORABLE,
+
+useful, and happy than that of a wife and mother. There must and ever
+will be inequalities of station, but happiness is equally attainable
+in them all. To be happy, however, you must be good. Of course, I do
+not mean absolutely good, for "there is none good but One"; but I mean
+that you should be relatively good, and should aim at becoming better
+and more innocent as you advance in life. Now, you cannot respect
+yourself unless you know that you are worthy of respect; and if you do
+not respect yourself, you cannot expect that anybody else will; and in
+such case you will not be worthy of the love of any good man, and none
+such will be likely to pay court to you. If, however, you take the
+right means, in which I include prayer for divine guidance, you will
+have the respect and friendship of all your acquaintances, and then in
+God's own time, and, let me add, without your seeking it, the man whom
+you can make happy will present himself and propose to make you his
+wife, if it be God's will that you should become one.
+
+Here are two very important points for your consideration: First, that
+it should be your constant endeavor to
+
+
+                       MAKE YOUR HUSBAND HAPPY;
+
+and, second, that before you consent to marry him, you should
+ascertain that he has those qualifications that will secure your
+happiness. It most nearly concerns yourself that you do your duty to
+God and your neighbor at all times, so that it becomes your habit; and
+you will find it much easier, and safer, too, to do it every day
+rather than on only particular occasions; for this would require a
+special effort, and for the time, perhaps, put you into a state of
+excitement, which, in all probability, would be followed by a
+depression of spirits. What you should rather aim at is a uniformly
+cheerful state of mind, resulting from a conscious and confident
+dependence on Providence. If your husband knows from experience that
+such is your character, he cannot fail, provided he be worthy of you,
+to be content and happy.
+
+
+                    IT IS THE NATURE OF YOUNG WOMEN
+
+to be affectionate, and it is pleasant and usual for them to have
+several dear friends, enjoying more or less of their confidence. Among
+these may be included some of their male acquaintance. Now, while they
+may esteem each of these as they would a dear cousin, they should know
+and act upon the knowledge that it is only to _one_ they can give
+their unlimited confidence and individual affection as a wife. It is
+the height of cruelty and wickedness for either a man or a woman to
+trifle with another's affection. Such base conduct has cost many a
+young woman her health and peace, and even her life, and cannot,
+therefore, be too much depreciated and avoided.
+
+Let me, then, advise you to be
+
+
+                             VERY CAUTIOUS
+
+before you allow a young man to pay you such marked attentions as may
+lead to marriage. It is not, you know, to terminate in seven years,
+like an apprenticeship or a commercial partnership, but it is an
+engagement for the life of one of the parties. I want you, then, to
+profit by the experience of others, too many of whom enter into
+marriage from light and low considerations, and not to settle in life
+till you, and also your friends, see that there is a reasonable
+prospect of your securing happiness, as well as comfort and a
+respectable position.
+
+When a young woman has property or expects it, or is possessed of
+superior personal attractions, she should be especially prudent in her
+conduct towards the numerous admirers which such qualifications
+usually attract. No woman should allow herself to accept the
+attentions of any man who does not possess those sterling qualities
+which will command her respect, or whose love is directed to her
+fortune or beauty rather than herself. On such a one she can place no
+reliance, for should illness or misfortune overtake her she may find
+herself deprived of that love which she had valued as the great
+treasure of her life. Possessed of this, she feels that earthly riches
+are but of secondary importance, and that the want of them can never
+make her poor.
+
+Moreover, a worthier man than any of her interested suitors may have a
+sincere respect and affection for her, but be kept in the background
+by the overzealous attention of his rivals. Still, if she has
+sufficient self-command to patiently and calmly investigate their
+general private character, she may find reason to decline their suit,
+and may discover that the more modest and retiring youth is the one
+that is deserving of her love.
+
+While on this subject, let me caution you against the foolish
+affectation which some girls practice in order to attract the
+attention of young men. In their company be natural in your manners,
+open and friendly and ready to converse on general subjects; not
+appearing to expect that every one who pays you the ordinary
+courtesies of society is going to fall in love with you. This mode of
+behavior, which is more common with those who are vain of their beauty
+than with others, frequently leads to such young women being more
+neglected than their less pretending sisters; for prudent young men,
+who are impressed with the necessity of a right decision in the
+all-important step of marriage, instinctively shrink from those who
+seem unwilling to give them a fair opportunity of judging whether
+their hearts and minds are as attractive as their persons.
+
+You may innocently admire many a young man for the noble qualities God
+has bestowed upon him, without at all entertaining the idea either
+that he would make you happy as his wife, or you him as your husband.
+Thank God we are constituted of such different temperaments that all
+may find suitable partners without clashing with each other's tastes,
+if they will only be content to watch and wait.
+
+It is the part of a young man to _watch_, to be actively desirous of
+meeting with a suitable partner. In doing this, his first
+consideration should be to seek for such a one as he can make happy;
+not to look primarily for beauty, fortune, wit, or accomplishments--things
+all very good in themselves, but by no means constituting the
+essentials of happiness. If he is influenced by pure and simple
+motives, he will not find, or expect to find, more than one that can
+satisfy his desire, and he will not be in much danger of exciting the
+envy or the rivalry of his companions.
+
+On the other hand, it is becoming in a young woman to
+
+
+                            WAIT PATIENTLY
+
+till, from the assiduous and respectful attentions of a young man, she
+can have no doubt that he is in earnest, when, and not before, she may
+freely give him her company, and with every expectation of a happy
+result. Be assured that no sensible young man is ever attracted by a
+young woman whom he sees on the lookout for a lover; he is more likely
+to think meanly of her, and to avoid her society.
+
+It may, however, happen that a young man makes the offer before the
+young woman knows enough of him for it to be right for her to accept
+it, and before he, on his part, ought to take the step. In such case
+it would be well for her, even supposing she is inclined to like him,
+to tell him that he has taken her by surprise, and that she cannot
+think of entering on so important a subject without consulting her
+friends, to whom she accordingly refers him. It would then become her
+duty to intimate to him that, although his attentions are agreeable to
+them, he must wait a while, till, from further acquaintance, they are
+enabled to judge whether it will conduce to the mutual happiness of
+their daughter and himself for her to accept the offer he has so
+kindly made.
+
+But it is not only young men who
+
+
+                          ARE APT TO BE HASTY
+
+in these matters. It is, as is well known, not uncommon for parents,
+especially mothers, very soon after a young man has begun to pay
+attention to their daughter, to give him to understand that they wish
+to know his intentions in reference to her. By such proceedings a
+young man may be taken aback, and either hurry into a match, which
+turns out unhappily, or be led to withdraw from a union which might
+have resulted in the happiness of all the parties concerned.
+
+That your parents should wish you to be married is only natural,
+especially if their own marriage has been a happy one. It will be
+gratifying to them to see a worthy young man paying attention to you,
+and most probably they will let things take their own course. Marriage
+is too important a matter to admit of being hastened.
+
+There are, I am aware, unwise parents, who, from various motives, will
+throw obstacles in the way of young people who are desirous of coming
+together. Some are so selfish as to be unwilling to part with their
+daughter, preferring their own happiness to hers. Others are so silly
+as to think no ordinary man good enough for her, and therefore, if
+they had their own way, would have her to become an old maid.
+Fortunately, such shortsighted people are not infrequently outwitted.
+
+If your parents are, as I hope they are, reasonable in their views and
+expectations, one of the chief concerns of their life will be the
+promotion of your happiness, and it behooves you to pay the utmost
+deference to their opinion; and should they, from circumstances they
+become aware of, deem it advisable that you should either postpone or
+even break off an engagement, they will doubtless give you such
+weighty reasons as will justify you in acting on their advice. Where,
+however, as sometimes happens, they unwisely refuse their consent to
+their child's marriage at a time when she well knows from her own
+feelings, and also from the sanction she receives from the opinion of
+trustworthy and judicious friends, that she would be making a real
+sacrifice were she to comply with their wishes; if, I say, under such
+circumstances she acts disobediently and marries the man she loves,
+more blame attaches to the parents than to herself, and the sooner
+they forgive her the better.
+
+It is very common for young men, when going into the company of young
+woman, together with their best dress to put on their best behavior;
+in fact, to assume a character which is not their natural one, but far
+superior to it.
+
+Some hold the opinion that
+
+
+                    "ALL IS FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR."
+
+To me it appears there cannot be greater folly and wickedness than for
+young people who are thinking of marrying to attempt to deceive each
+other. What is the good of it? A very short period of married life
+will entirely dispel the illusion. I suppose people of the world may
+think it fair to overreach one another in their dealings, saying
+"everyone for himself." They have no intention of seeking to promote
+the other's happiness; present gain is all they want. But a married
+pair, to be happy, must
+
+
+                 RESPECT AND ESTEEM, AS WELL AS LOVE,
+
+each other; and this cannot be attained except by the constant
+endeavor to _be_ as well as to _appear_ true and good.
+
+That young men should behave well in the presence of women is only
+natural and right; none but a fool would do otherwise. But you, long
+before thinking of marrying, should take all fair means to learn what
+is the general conduct and habits of your male acquaintance in their
+family circle and with their daily connections. "Are they good-humored
+and kind--able to bear the troubles they meet with? Are they
+industrious, frugal, temperate, religious, chaste? Have they had the
+prudence to insure against sickness and death?" Or, on the other hand,
+are they addicted to drinking, smoking, betting, keeping late hours,
+frequenting casinos, etc.? Your mother and other prudent friends will
+assist you to find this out. Those who do not come up to the proper
+standard, however agreeable they may be as acquaintance, certainly
+cannot make good husbands. In company of such, it behooves you to be
+well on your guard, and accept no attention from them. Should you
+marry such a one, you would be sure to be miserable.
+
+While, however, it is quite right that you should be careful about the
+character of the young man who is paying court to you, it is of far
+more importance to you that you should be careful about your own, and
+this whether you marry or not. Indeed, a chief object in our being
+placed in this world is that we may acquire good habits, and so be
+fitted to associate with the just made perfect in heaven!
+
+Be very guarded in your actions and demeanor. Cultivate purity of
+heart and thought.
+
+No woman is fit to become a wife who is not perfectly modest in word,
+deed, and thought. No young man, who is worth having, would ever
+entertain the thought for a moment of taking the girl for a wife who
+is habitually careless in her conversation and displays a levity in
+her manners. Young men may like your free and hearty girls to laugh
+and talk with, but as to taking one for a wife, let me assure you they
+would not tolerate the idea for a moment.
+
+You may at times be unavoidably compelled to hear a vulgar word spoken
+or an indelicate allusion made; in every instance maintain a rigid
+insensibility. It is not enough that you should cast down your eyes or
+turn your head, you must act as if you did not hear it; appear as if
+you did not comprehend it. You ought to receive no more impression
+from remarks of this character than a block of wood. Unless you
+maintain this standing, and preserve this high-toned purity of manner,
+you will be greatly depreciated in the opinion of all men whose
+opinion is worth having, and you deprive yourself of much influence
+and respect which it is your privilege to possess and exert.
+
+
+             COURTSHIP, AFTER ALL, IS A MOMENTOUS MATTER.
+
+After taking all the counsel that may be offered, you must at last, in
+a great measure, rely on your own judgment. Within a few short months
+you have to decide, from what you can see of a man, whether you will
+have him in preference to your parents, friends, and all others that
+you know, to be a life companion. What can you do? How shall you
+judge? How arrive at a correct conclusion? My dear young girl, there
+is only One who can assist you. He, in His mercy to your helplessness
+and weakness, has given to every virtuous and pure-minded woman a
+wonderful, mysterious, and subtle instinct; a peculiar faculty that
+cannot be analyzed by reason, a faculty that men do not possess, and
+one in which they do not generally believe. At this all-important
+period, this eventful crisis in your life, this womanly instinct
+guides and saves you. You can feel in a moment the presence or
+influence of a base, sensual, and unworthy nature. An electric-like
+thrill animates you, and you are naturally repulsed from him. When
+your suitor is a man of incongruous temper, ungenial habits, and of a
+morose and unsympathetic disposition, this same precious, divine
+instinct acts, and the man feels, though he cannot tell why, that all
+his arts and aspirations are in vain. It will seldom be necessary for
+you to tell him verbally of his failure; but should such a one blindly
+insist upon intruding his attentions, do not hesitate to tell him
+kindly but firmly your decision. Should your suitor be one who is
+worthy, who will make you happy, this same blessed instinct will
+whisper in your soul the happy news. From the first interview there is
+frequently thrown around the maiden a peculiar, undefined spell; she
+will feel differently in his presence, and watch him with other eyes
+than she has for the rest of men, and in due time, when he shall ask
+her to decide upon the question which shall seal the temporal and
+eternal destiny of two human souls, she will gladly respond, giving in
+loving trustfulness that which is the most precious, the most enviable
+thing on earth: a maiden's heart, a woman's love.
+
+Many persons, of both sexes, however amiable and pure their minds may
+be, should conscientiously abstain from marriage. This applies to all
+who have a tendency to consumption, scrofula, insanity, or any other
+of those diseases which are so frequently transmitted to offspring.
+This very important matter is not sufficiently known, and therefore is
+not attended to as it ought to be; hence the great amount of sickness
+and early death among children.
+
+The tendency to inherit qualities is very evident in the case of
+drunkards, whose children are often inclined to practice the vice of
+their parents. The children of the blind, and of the deaf and dumb,
+are also liable to be afflicted as their parents were. These facts go
+far to show that it is literally true that the sins of the fathers are
+visited upon the children. It is, however, gratifying to know--and
+there are many well-attested cases to prove it--that whereas the
+children born to a man while he was addicted to drunkenness were
+similarly addicted to that vice, those born after he gave up his
+vicious indulgence, and by that means improved his bodily health, were
+free from the evil tendency.
+
+One strong reason
+
+
+               WHY NEAR RELATIONS SHOULD NOT INTERMARRY
+
+is that, as the same general tendencies prevail in families, when the
+parents are nearly related they are very likely to have the same evil
+tendency, whatever that may be; and, therefore, there is a great
+probability that their children will also have the same, but more
+strongly developed, and, consequently, the difficulty of their
+overcoming it will be much increased.
+
+How plainly, then, is it the duty of those about to marry, as well as
+of those who are married, to strive to their utmost, with God's help,
+to overcome disorderly habits of every kind; for, be assured, it is
+only by such means they can hope to be blessed with good and healthy
+children, and thereby contribute to their own happiness, and at the
+same time to the improvement of the race as subjects both of this
+world and of heaven.
+
+As it is by no means certain that you will marry, and the time may
+come when it will no longer be convenient to your parents to support
+you, it will be good for you, keeping these contingencies in mind, to
+qualify yourself to earn your own maintenance by some honest industry.
+You will then have a right feeling of independence, and not be tempted
+to marry, as too many young women do, not from the true principle of
+sincere affection, but mainly for a living. They may thus obtain a
+competence, and jog on comfortably, but they have no right to expect
+that genuine happiness which I recommend you to aim at. When, too, you
+see so many left widows, with small families, and, as we say, totally
+unprovided for, you will become sensible of the soundness of the
+advice I am offering you. As the Lord's tender mercies are over all
+His works, it is evident, from what is occurring around us, that
+trouble and adversity are better suited to the state of some people,
+to prepare them for their eternal destination, than any amount of
+prosperity would be. The poor are no less His children than the rich,
+and he cares equally--that is, infinitely--for them all. It is
+certainly wise, then, to be prepared to meet adversity, should He
+suffer it to come upon you.
+
+Again, suppose you should not have any suitable offer of marriage,
+such as you would feel it your duty to accept, you are not on that
+account to be disheartened, and fancy yourself overlooked by
+Providence.
+
+Single life is evidently the best for some persons; they escape many
+troubles which perhaps they would find it very hard to bear. There are
+many ways in which single people can lead a useful life, and be
+
+
+                     AS HAPPY AS THE DAY IS LONG.
+
+No one that is actively useful can be unhappy. What do you see around
+you? Many, I admit, who are not so happy as we should like them to be;
+but in most cases, if we could fully investigate the matter, it would
+perhaps be found to have arisen from their thinking too much about
+themselves and not enough for others. But, on the other hand, it not
+infrequently happens, when a woman is left, and sees that the support
+and welfare of herself and children depend on her own exertions, she
+is enabled to so successfully put forth her energies and to employ her
+talents which, till she needed them, she hardly knew she possessed, as
+to surprise both herself and the most sanguine of her friends.
+
+Now, it must be confessed that we are fallen creatures, and therefore
+prone to evil. We are consequently always in danger of going wrong
+and forming bad habits, but our Heavenly Father watches over us at all
+times and gives us power to "refuse the evil and choose the good." We
+are, I know full well, too much inclined to yield to evil influences;
+still, as we always have divine aid if we implore it, I am not sure
+that, on the whole, it is not as easy to acquire good habits as bad
+ones. This much is certain, that whichever we acquire, they are likely
+to remain with us and are not easily to be got rid of.
+
+Among the subjects deserving attention as affecting our happiness is
+one on which, perhaps, I am not entitled to say much. I refer to
+dress. Now, I hold it to be a duty for people to dress well--that is,
+according to their position, means, and age; and this not so much for
+their own sakes as for the sake of giving pleasure to others. It is, I
+admit, difficult to determine how much of one's income should be
+devoted to dress, but I think few will deny that at present dress
+occupies too much time, attention, and money. For my own part, I
+confess I am most affected by female dress, and although certainly I
+like to see women well dressed, and would rather see them a little too
+fine than slovenly, I am often pained at witnessing the extravagance
+and, to me, ridiculous taste exhibited. Whenever I see a handsome and
+expensive dress trailing in the dirt, I regard it as culpable waste
+and in bad taste, and when I see it accidentally trodden on I am not
+sorry. I am inclined to believe that many women can hardly find time
+or opportunity to perform any useful duty; they have quite as much as
+they, poor things, can do to take care of their dress. I also believe
+(and this is the serious point of the matter) that many a young man is
+deterred from soliciting a maiden in marriage by knowing that his
+means would not enable him to let her dress as he is accustomed to see
+her, and this is doubtless one of the many reasons why so many of both
+sexes remain unmarried. I hold, too, that whatever forms an obstacle
+to marriage has a tendency at the same time to obstruct the entrance
+to heaven.
+
+I will now allude to some of the duties which will devolve upon you as
+a wife; and recollect that it is on the faithful discharge of these
+duties that your happiness, here and hereafter, mainly depends. All
+labor is honorable, and you know who it is that says, "My Father
+worketh hitherto, and I work." Being married, you must make your
+husband feel
+
+
+                    "THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE HOME."
+
+His business will probably take him from home most of the day, and it
+should be your care, as I doubt not it will be your delight, to see to
+his comfort, both before he starts and when he returns. It may
+sometimes happen in his fighting the battle of life that he has to
+encounter much that is unpleasant, and he may return home depressed.
+You will then have to cheer him, and be assured no one can do it so
+effectually, so pleasantly--aye, and so easily--as yourself.
+
+It is not to sweep the house, and make the bed, and darn the socks,
+and cook the meals, chiefly, that a man wants a wife. If this is all
+that he needs, hired help can do it cheaper than a wife. If this is
+all, when a young man calls to see a young lady, send him to the
+pantry to taste the bread and cake she has made. Send him to inspect
+the needlework and bedmaking; or put a broom into her hands and send
+him to witness its use. _Such things are important_, and the wise
+young man will quietly look after them. But what a true man most wants
+of a true wife is her companionship, sympathy, courage, and love. The
+way of life has many dreary places in it, and a man needs a companion
+to go with him. A man is sometimes overtaken with misfortune; he meets
+with failure and defeat; trials and temptations beset him; and he
+needs one to stand by and sympathize. He has some stern battles to
+fight with poverty, with enemies, and with sin; and he needs a woman
+that, while he puts his arm around her and feels that he has something
+to fight for, will help him fight; that will put her lips to his ear
+and whisper words of counsel, and her hands to his heart and impart
+new inspirations. All through life--through storm and through
+sunshine, conflict and victory, and through adverse and favoring
+winds--man needs a woman's love. The heart yearns for it. A sister's
+or a mother's love will hardly supply the need. Yet many seek for
+nothing further than success in housework. Justly enough, half of
+these get nothing more; the other half, surprised beyond measure, have
+got more than they sought. Their wives surprise them by bringing a
+nobler idea of marriage, and disclosing a treasury of courage,
+sympathy, and love.
+
+And I would here caution you against giving way to little
+misunderstandings in early married life. Sometimes trifling matters,
+for want of some forbearance or concession on one side on the other,
+perhaps on both sides, accumulate into serious results. These
+differences might be avoided by married partners studying each other's
+peculiarities of character, with the aim of mutually correcting, in a
+kindly spirit, any wrong tendency or temper which may sometimes show
+itself. Should you find you have inadvertently given pain to your
+husband, do not rest until you have ascertained the cause of his
+disquiet and succeeded in allaying the unhappy feeling. The earnest
+desire to please each other should by no means terminate on the
+wedding day, but be studiously continued through married life. Each
+should always endeavor to think the best of the other, and instantly
+reject every thought that might tend to weaken the bond of mutual
+preference and perfect trust.
+
+If he be wise, he will leave the housekeeping entirely to you; his
+time and attention can be better employed elsewhere. To enable you to
+do this wisely, you should, long before you marry, become familiar
+with the quality and prices of articles of consumption, and where they
+can best be obtained. Every wife should be able to cook well, whether
+she has to do it herself or not. Health and good humor greatly depend
+upon the food being of good quality, well cooked, and nicely served
+up. She should also be able, if needful, to make and mend her own and
+children's clothes.
+
+Too much importance cannot be attached to cleanliness. Men may be
+careless as to their own personal appearance, and may, from the nature
+of their business, be negligent in their dress, but they dislike to
+see any disregard in the dress and appearance of their wives. Nothing
+so depresses a man and makes him dislike and neglect his home as to
+have a wife who is slovenly in her dress and unclean in her habits.
+Beauty of face and form will not compensate for these defects. The
+charm of purity and cleanliness never ends but with life itself. These
+are matters that do not involve any great labor or expense. The use of
+the bath, and the simplest fabrics, shaped by your own supple fingers,
+will be all that is necessary. These attractions will act like a
+magnet upon your husband. Never fear that there will be any influence
+strong enough to take him from your side.
+
+An experience of many years of observation has convinced me that where
+a pure, industrious, and cheerful wife meets her husband with a bright
+smile on the threshold of her dwelling, that man will never leave the
+home for any other place.
+
+As all people are liable to illness, every young woman should aim at
+being an efficient nurse. In case of illness, it is now generally
+admitted that good nursing is of more value than medicine. To a sick
+husband, a little gruel or other trifle prepared and given by his
+wife's own hands will confer much more benefit than if prepared and
+given by another. Should it happen to you to fall ill, you may expect
+your husband to do his best; but you must not be surprised if he is
+not your equal in that department. Nursing is one of the many useful
+things which women can do better than men. A practical knowledge of
+nursing will enable you to be useful beyond your own family, and will
+enhance your value as a neighbor.
+
+You have often, I trust, experienced the pleasure of serving others
+from disinterested motives, and found that the pleasure has been
+deeper and purer when you have engaged in doing good to those who
+could not make you any return. This you have found to be the case
+wherever you have had charge of a baby--one of those little ones of
+whom the Lord says: "Their angels do always behold the face of my
+Father which is in heaven." You have perhaps been surprised to find
+how easy it was to perform such a duty, and let me assure you that you
+may always expect to find it easy to perform your duty in that state
+of life to which it shall please God to call you. He never requires
+anything from any of His creatures beyond what He gives them power to
+do. He is no hard task-master. You have only to look to Him and do
+your best, and then you may safely leave the result in His hands.
+
+Of all God's creatures, I know no happier one than a young mother with
+a good husband and a healthy baby. I say a _healthy_ baby, for that
+implies healthy parents, especially a healthy mother. She may justly
+feel proud that God has intrusted a young immortal to her care, and
+she should at all times bear in mind that it is His gift. While it is
+on all hands considered honorable to hold a commission from the
+President, and to fill a high office, contributing to the welfare of
+many people, a mother may feel her office at least as honorable,
+seeing she has intrusted to her the rearing and training of an
+immortal being, and that she holds her commission direct from the King
+of Kings. For, recollect, it is only by God's blessing that she
+becomes a mother; for such is the present state of society that many
+very worthy married people have not the privilege of offspring,
+although they are intensely fond of children and seem to have no other
+earthly want. They may, nevertheless, be very useful, and therefore
+happy, in a different sphere, by the adoption of nephews and nieces or
+in some similar way.
+
+
+                    AT THE BIRTH OF HER FIRST CHILD
+
+there is opened in the mother's heart a new well of love, such as she
+had not known before; and although she may fancy that this is all
+spent upon her babe, it is not so, for she loves her God, her husband,
+and everybody else better than ever. The father, too, is similarly
+affected; he also has a warmer love for his wife and for all his
+connections.
+
+A similar idea is well expressed by M�hler, a German writer, who says:
+"The power of selfishness, which is inwoven with our whole being, is
+altogether broken by marriage, and by degrees love, becoming more and
+more pure, takes its place." When a man marries he gives himself up
+entirely to _another_ being; in this affair of life he first goes out
+of himself, and inflicts the first deadly wound on his egotism. By
+every child with which his marriage is blessed, nature renews the same
+attack on his selfhood, causes him to live less for himself, and
+more--even without being distinctly conscious of it--for others; his
+heart expands in proportion as the claimants upon it increase, and,
+bursting the bonds of its former narrow exclusiveness, it eventually
+extends its sympathies to all around.
+
+Whenever a mother is supplying her baby with the food which God has so
+wisely provided for it, or is ministering to any other of its numerous
+and increasing wants, she may feel that everything she does for it is
+pleasing to her Heavenly Father and has its immediate reward in the
+delight she experiences in the act.
+
+I can fancy that when a mother has washed her baby, and before she
+dresses it has a good romp with it, smothering it with kisses, calling
+it all the beauties and darlings and pets and jewels she can think of,
+and talking any amount of nonsense at the top of her voice--the baby
+all the while cooing, chirping, or even screaming with delight--at
+such a time, I say, I can easily fancy that the angels are looking on
+approvingly and enjoying the scene. And why not? "Of such is the
+kingdom of heaven."
+
+From the time that an infant first becomes conscious of its wants, and
+long afterwards, it looks to its mother to supply them all, fully
+believing her able to do so. She is, in fact, in place of God to it,
+and it would be well for many of us if we trusted our Heavenly Father
+as simply and as fully as the infant does its earthly mother.
+
+Those who know no better, when they see a mother patiently watching
+her sleeping babe, might wonder that she does not feel the want of
+company. She has, however, company that they know not of, and of which
+even she herself may not be conscious. If only our eyes were open, we
+might see that she is not the only one that is so engaged--that
+angels are also occupied in watching the babe and in supporting her.
+I entirely agree with Dr. Watts, where, in his "Cradle Hymn," he makes
+the mother say:
+
+    "Hush! my babe, lie still and slumber,
+    Holy angels guard thy bed."
+
+You probably know the beautiful Irish superstition that when a baby
+smiles in its sleep the angels are whispering to it.
+
+"Before I became a father, I took little or no interest in babies; I
+rather thought them troublesome things. But the arrival of one of my
+own wrought a great change in me. It enlarged at once my views and my
+heart, and I had higher and stronger motives to exertion. My interest
+in them has not yet begun to weaken, and I have no reason to think it
+ever will."
+
+Girls are differently constituted from boys. God makes the intellect
+predominate in males, and affection in females. Accordingly, a little
+girl early shows a love for a doll, regarding it quite as her baby and
+never taking into account that it is not alive. She has many of a
+mother's cares and anxieties, as well as pleasures, about it; indeed,
+as many as she is then capable of. It is a constant source of
+amusement and employment to her. In all this we may plainly see the
+hand of Providence. It forms a suitable introduction to some of the
+interesting and important duties which will devolve on her if it
+should be His good pleasure for her to become a mother.
+
+You will, I dare say, readily see the object I now have in view. It is
+that I wish to impress on you how desirable it is that you should take
+every opportunity of becoming acquainted with the habits and wants of
+babies, and the best way of managing them. The more you have to do
+with them the more you will like the labors, and the easier and more
+delightful it will become. It is fair that, before you have children
+of your own, you should get your knowledge as to the management of
+them by experience with other people's. I take it for granted you will
+at all times do your best for them. You will then have but little
+cause to fear accident; and if accident should happen, as with all
+your care it sometimes will, you will have more confidence in your
+powers, and will be more likely to do what is best at the moment, than
+if you were unused to children. Much of the disease and early death
+that happens among children arises from the ignorance of the mothers,
+who, however, are much more to be pitied than blamed in the matter.
+They had never been taught their duties toward their future
+offspring.
+
+Few mothers are, perhaps, sufficiently aware of the great influence
+which their manners, habits, and conversation have upon the tender
+minds of their children, even from birth. The child should grow up
+with a feeling of reverence for its parents, which can only be the
+case when wisdom, as well as affection, is exercised in its bringing
+up. Hence the necessity of the mother fitting herself, both
+_intellectually_ and _morally_, for her sacred office, that the child
+may become accustomed to yield perfect obedience to her wishes, from a
+principle of love, and may acquire, as it advances in life, the habit
+of yielding a like obedience to that which is right.
+
+As you well know that you are not perfect yourself, you must be
+prepared to find that your husband has also his imperfections, and it
+is no unimportant part of your duty to help him to get rid of them.
+Indeed, it is one of the highest uses of marriage for each partner to
+assist the other on the journey to the heavenly Canaan. But before you
+attempt to point out a fault in him, consider how you had best proceed
+so as to attain your object; for unless you adopt a judicious mode,
+and an affectionate as well as earnest manner, you may do as much harm
+as good. You must also carefully watch your opportunity; for what
+would be favorably received at one time and under certain
+circumstances, might under other circumstances give offence and
+altogether fail of the good effect intended and hoped for. You do not
+know how powerful you may be for good to your husband. There is much
+truth in the saying, "A man is what a woman makes him."
+
+Previous to your marriage it will be expedient for you not to give
+your lover that full and unlimited confidence which it will be your
+duty--and your inclination, too--to give him when he becomes your
+husband. I refer chiefly to family and other private matters, not to
+anything he ought to know to enable him to judge of your character and
+position. Many unhappy marriages have been brought about through the
+young woman letting it be known that she has "great expectations." A
+worthless fellow may, in consequence, have succeeded in winning her
+hand.
+
+There is another point to which I must just allude before concluding
+this address. It is doubtless the order of Providence for marriage to
+take place, when possible, on our arriving at years of maturity. But I
+would guard you against the evil results of _too early_ marriage,
+before either body or mind is perfectly matured. We scarcely need
+consult either medical or moral science to satisfy ourselves on this
+by no means trifling point. We may find in society too many sad
+instances of such immature and indiscreet unions. The minds of young
+persons should be expanded by a certain amount of experience in the
+world before entering upon engagements involving so many momentous
+duties.
+
+In your daily walks abroad, if you examine the countenances of those
+you meet, you will doubtless be led to conclude that there is a great
+deal of disease and misery in the world; but judging from my own
+observation, I think you will find that the greater number of persons
+exhibit signs of health and happiness. Much of the disease, and misery
+with which the world is afflicted is the direct result of the
+misconduct of the individuals themselves; but no little of it is
+attributable to their parents, who have neglected or violated God's
+laws of health, their misconduct thus affecting their descendants to
+the "third and fourth generation." I cannot, therefore, too much
+impress upon you the importance of your honestly trying to find out
+any bad habits to which you are inclined, with a view to getting rid
+of them, one by one, and supplying their place by good habits. By
+pursuing this course you will not only do much for your own happiness,
+but also for that of your children, if God should bless you with a
+family. Children, you know, are often striking likenesses of their
+parents, and in their minds and habits they likewise often resemble
+them. You should strive, then, to be good--not from mere self-love and
+that you may get to heaven, but because your duty to others requires
+it.
+
+Earl Granville, when laying the foundation-stone of the Alexandria
+Orphanage, in England, thus expressed himself in reference to the
+great value of children: "Few will deny that a child is 'an
+inestimable loan,' as it has been called, or refuse to acknowledge,
+with one of our greatest poets, that the world would be a somewhat
+melancholy one if there were no children to gladden it." Children,
+more than any other earthly thing, equalize the conditions of
+society--to rich and poor they bring an interest, a pleasure, and an
+elevation which nothing else that is earthly does.
+
+Now, young people, before they think of engaging themselves, should
+clearly know each other's peculiar views of religion; because if they
+differ seriously on this point there is danger of it interfering with
+that full confidence which is so essential to happiness.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+
+                          LOVE AND MARRIAGE.
+
+
+The attraction of the sexes for each other, though based upon the dual
+principle of generation which pervades the living world and which has
+its analogies in the attractive forces of matter, yet pervades the
+whole being.
+
+
+                          LOVE IS NOT MERELY
+
+the instinctive desire of physical union, which has for its object the
+continuation of the species--it belongs to the mind as well as to the
+body. It warms, invigorates, and elevates every sentiment, every
+feeling; and in its highest, purest, most diffusive form unites us to
+God and all creatures in Him.
+
+
+                              ALL LOVE IS
+
+essentially the same, but modified according to its objects and by the
+character of the one who loves. The love of children for their
+parents, of parents for offspring, brotherly and sisterly love, the
+love of friendship, of charity, and the fervor of religious love, are
+modifications of the same sentiment--the attraction that draws us to
+our kindred, our kind; that binds together all races and humanity
+itself, resting on the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man.
+It is but natural that this love should vary in degrees. Attractions
+are proportional to proximity. Family is nearer than country; we
+prefer our own nation to the rest of the race.
+
+Each individual has, also, his own special attractions and repulsions.
+There is love at first sight and friendship at first sight. We feel
+some persons pleasant to us; to be near them is a delight. Generally
+such feelings are mutual--like flows to like, or as often, perhaps,
+differences fit into each other. We seek sympathy with our own tastes
+and habits, or we find in others what we lack. Thus the weak rest upon
+the strong, the timid are fond of the courageous, the reckless seek
+guidance of the prudent, and so on. The sentiment of
+
+
+                       LOVE FOR THE OPPOSITE SEX
+
+--tender, romantic, passionate--begins very early in life. Fathers and
+daughters, mothers and sons, have a special fondness for each other,
+as, also, have brothers and sisters; but the boy soon comes to admire
+someone, generally older than himself, who is not a relation. Very
+little girls find a hero in some friend of an elder brother.
+
+
+                         FONDNESS FOR COUSINS
+
+generally comes more from opportunity than natural attraction, though
+a cousin may have very little appearance of family relation. The law
+appears to be that free choice seeks the diverse and distant. A
+stranger has always a better chance with the young ladies of any
+district than the young men with whom they have always been
+acquainted. Savages seek their wives out of their own tribe.
+
+It is my belief that naturally (I mean in a state of pure and
+unperverted nature, but developed cultivated, and refined by
+education) every man loves womanhood itself, and all women so far as
+they approximate to his ideal; and that in the same way every woman
+loves manhood, and is attracted and charmed by all its gentle, noble,
+and heroic manifestations. By such a man, every woman he meets is
+reverenced as a mother, sister, daughter, or, it may be, cherished in
+a more tender relation, which should be at first, and may always
+remain, free from any sensual desire. Such love may have many objects,
+each attracting the kind and degree of affection which it is able to
+inspire. Such love of men for women, and women for men, may be free
+and will be free just in the degree in which it is freed from the
+bondage of sensual passion.
+
+
+                    SUCH LOVE HAS A DIRECT TENDENCY
+
+to raise men above the control of their senses. The more of such love
+one has and the more it is diffused, the less the liability to sink
+into the lower and disorderly loves of the sensual life.
+
+The idea that every attraction, every attachment, every love between
+the sexes must lead to marriage--that no love can be tolerated but
+with that end in view--is a very false and mischievous one. It
+deprives men and women of the strength and happiness they might have
+in pure friendships and pure loves, and it leads to a multitude of
+false and bad marriages. Two persons are drawn together by strong
+attractions and tender sentiments for each other who have no more
+right to be married than if they were brother and sister, but who have
+the same right to love each other. But their true sentiments for each
+other, and consequent relation to each other, are not understood by
+those around them and perhaps not by themselves. They are urged by the
+misapprehension of others, by their expectation, by ignorant gossip,
+by the prejudice of society, based upon low and sensual estimates of
+life, to marry; they find that they must either marry or lose the
+happiness they have in each other's society, and they make the
+irrevocable mistake.
+
+When it is understood that there are
+
+
+                              OTHER LOVES
+
+than that of marriage; when the special attraction that justifies
+union for life, and the begetting of offspring, is discriminated from
+all the other attractions that may bring two souls into very near and
+tender relations to each other, there will be more happiness in the
+world and fewer incomplete, imperfect, and, therefore, more or less
+unhappy, marriages. Nothing can be more detestable than that playing
+with fire which goes by the name of
+
+
+                              FLIRTATION;
+
+but there are men and women who have the happiness of living and of
+being tenderly and devotedly loved by persons of the opposite
+sex--loved purely, nobly, happily--without injury and with great good.
+When such loves are accompanied by perfect trust in the goodness,
+purity, truth, and honor of the beloved, there can be no jealousy, no
+desire for selfish absorption, no fear of deprivation of any right.
+There is no reason why a husband or a wife should limit the range of
+pure and spiritual affection to near relatives.
+
+
+                         THE MAN WHO CAN LOVE
+
+a sister as sisters are often loved, may love in the same way, or as
+purely, any woman who might be his sister. As men and women learn to
+purify their lives, the world will grow more tolerant and love will
+become more universal. The tender and fervent exhortations to mutual
+love to be found in the Gospels and Epistles of the New Testament are
+now almost without a meaning. But they had a meaning to those to whom
+they were addressed, and when we are better Christians, and bring our
+lives to the purity of Christian morality, they will have a meaning to
+us and we shall learn that, in a sense we have not dreamed of, God is
+Love.
+
+
+         IN THE HUMAN RACE ALL CIRCUMSTANCES POINT TO MONOGAMY
+
+as the lawful or natural condition. Males and females are born in
+almost equal numbers. If there are two or three per cent. more of
+males than females, the risks of life with males soon make the number
+even. Therefore, as a rule, no man can have more than one wife without
+robbing his neighbor.
+
+_Polygamy_ is therefore a manifest injustice, and may become the most
+grievous of all monopolies.
+
+Children are the most helpless of all young creatures and require the
+care of parents for the longest period. The care of a husband for his
+wife, and of a father for his child, is an evident necessity. The
+proper care and education of a single child should extend over at
+least fifteen years, and that of a family may reach to thirty years,
+or throughout the greatest part of an ordinary life. During all
+periods of pregnancy, childbearing, nursing, and the education and
+care of a family, every woman has a right to the sympathy, sustaining
+love, and constant aid of her husband. No man has a right to desert or
+leave helpless, or even dependent upon others, except in extraordinary
+cases, the mother of his children.
+
+Marriage, like celibacy, should be a matter of vocation.
+
+
+                    THE SPECIAL OBJECT OF MARRIAGE
+
+is to have children; the co-operating motive is that two persons drawn
+to each other by a mutual affection may live helpfully and happily
+together. A selfish marriage, for its merely animal gratifications--a
+marriage in which strength, health, usefulness, often life itself, are
+sacrificed to sensuality and lust--is a desecration of a holy
+institution, and somewhat worse in its consequences than promiscuous
+profligacy, for the consequences of that may not fall upon one's
+children and posterity.
+
+There are many persons who have no right to marry. There should be a
+kind and amount of love that will justify and sanctify such a
+relation. There should be a pure motive and the fixed intention of
+making the relation what it ought to be to husband, wife, and
+children. There should be a reasonable assurance of the power to
+provide for a family. There should be that amount of health, that
+freedom from bodily and mental disease, that physical and moral
+constitution which will give a reasonable prospect of children whose
+lives will be a blessing to themselves and to society.
+
+When there is deformity of body, or an unhappy peculiarity of temper
+or mind liable to be inherited, people should not marry, or if they
+live together, should resign the uses of marriage. People should
+conscientiously refrain from propagating hereditary diseases. Persons
+near of kin are wisely forbidden to marry, for there is in such cases
+the liability of imperfect generation--the production of blind, deaf,
+idiotic or insane offspring.
+
+
+                     SHOULD MARRIAGE BE FOR LIFE?
+
+As a rule, undoubtedly. Every real, proper, true marriage must be. It
+takes a lifetime for a husband and wife to make a home and rear and
+educate and provide for a family of children. But what if people make
+mistakes and find that they are not suitably married? These are
+mistakes very difficult to remedy. If a man, after deliberately making
+his choice of a woman, ceases to love her, how can he honorably
+withdraw from his relation to her, and enter upon another,
+
+
+                       WHEN SHE STILL LOVES HIM,
+
+and is ready to fulfill her part of the contract? Laws cannot very
+well provide for mistakes. If the distaste for each other be mutual,
+and both parties desire to separate, a separation may of course be
+permitted; but it is a serious question whether two such persons can
+go into the world and find new partners, with justice to the rest. The
+law which permits of no divorce certainly bears hard upon individual
+cases; but if it leads to greater seriousness and care in forming such
+relations, it may be, on the whole, the best thing for society that it
+should be strictly observed.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER V.
+
+                 WHEN TO MARRY--HOW TO SELECT A PARTNER
+                         ON RIGHT PRINCIPLES.
+
+
+The proper age to marry is a somewhat vexed question, but needlessly
+so, because that age varies much, according to temperament and other
+circumstances relating to the individual. Although after puberty the
+sexual organs are capable of reproduction, yet it by no means follows
+that they should be used for that purpose. Their early activity is
+intended for the perfection of the body and mind, and not for the
+continuation of the species.
+
+
+                         VERY EARLY MARRIAGE,
+
+therefore, should be avoided, because the nervous force expended in
+amative indulgence is imperatively required in both sexes for
+developing the physical and mental faculties. The zo�sperms produced
+by the male in the first years of puberty are inferior in power and
+less capable of producing healthy offspring than those of mature
+years. The early germs, also, of the female are less fitted for
+fecundation than those that appear later in life; nature evidently
+intending these early efforts to be used on the individuals themselves
+in building up their bodies, strengthening their minds, and preparing
+them to reproduce their species in maturer years. There is a serious
+day of reckoning for early indulgence; for precocious persons (unless
+their constitutions are as powerful as their desires) who give way to
+their passions at their first exactions, barter their youth for their
+enjoyment, and are old and weary of the world at an age when people of
+more moderate habits are only in the meridian of pleasure and
+existence.
+
+
+                   GENERALLY THE BEST AGE TO MARRY,
+
+where the health is perfect, is from twenty-one to twenty-five in the
+male and from eighteen to twenty-one in the female. As a general rule,
+marriages earlier than this are injurious and detrimental to health.
+Men who marry too young, unless they are of cold and phlegmatic
+constitution, and thus moderate in their conduct, become partially
+bald, dim of sight, and lose all elasticity of limb in a few years;
+while women in a like position rarely have any bloom on their cheek or
+fire in their eye by the time they are twenty-five. And all profound
+physiologists agree that from the same cause the mental faculties
+suffer in the same ratio.
+
+A medium, however, is to be observed. It is not well to defer till
+middle age the period of connubial intercourse; for too tedious
+spinsterhood is as much calculated to hasten the decay of beauty as
+too early a marriage. Hence, there is rarely any freshness to be seen
+in a maiden of thirty; while the matron of that age, if her life has
+been a happy one, and her hymeneal condition of not more than ten
+years' standing, is scarcely in the heyday of her charm's. And the
+same rule will apply with equal force to the other sex; for, after the
+first prime of life, bachelors decay and grow old much faster than
+married men.
+
+The rich are qualified for marriage before the poor. This is owing to
+the superiority of their aliment; for very nutritious food, and the
+constant use of wines, coffee, etc., greatly assists in developing the
+organs of reproduction; whereas the food generally made use of among
+the peasantry of most countries--as vegetables, corn, milk,
+etc.--retards their growth. Owing to this difference of diet, the
+daughter of a man of wealth, who keeps a good table, will be as
+adequate to certain duties of married life at eighteen as the daughter
+of a humble peasant at twenty-one. Singular as it may seem, it is none
+the less true, that love novels, amorous conversations, playing parlor
+games for kisses, voluptuous pictures, waltzing, and, in fact, all
+things having a tendency to create desire, assist in promoting puberty
+and preparing young persons for early marriage. Those who reach this
+estate, however, by artificial means and much before the natural
+period will have to suffer for it in after life.
+
+The female who marries before the completion of her womanhood--that
+is, before her puberty is established--will cease to grow and probably
+become pale and delicate, the more especially if she become pregnant
+soon after marriage. A person who is thus circumstanced will also be
+liable to abortions and painful deliveries.
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE, UNLESS
+
+under very peculiar circumstances, should not take place until two or
+three years after the age of puberty. Many instances could be cited of
+the injurious effects resulting from not observing this rule. The case
+of the son of Napoleon I. is a notable instance, who, at the age of
+fifteen or sixteen, began his career of sexual indulgence, which ended
+his life at the early age of twenty-one years. He was an amiable,
+inoffensive, and studious youth, beloved by his grandfather and the
+whole Austrian court; and though the son of the most energetic man
+that modern times has produced, yet, from his effeminate life, he
+scarcely attracted the least public attention.
+
+Let me, therefore, advise the male reader to keep his desires in
+leading-strings until he is at least twenty-one, and the female not to
+enter the pale of wedlock until she is past her eighteenth year; but
+after these periods marriage is their proper sphere of action, and one
+in which they must play a part or suffer actual pain as well as the
+loss of one of the greatest of earthly pleasures.
+
+
+                       MARRIAGES ARE MOST HAPPY
+
+and most productive of handsome and healthy offspring when the husband
+and wife differ, not only in mental conformation, but in bodily
+construction. A melancholy man should mate himself with a sprightly
+woman, and _vice versa_; for otherwise they will soon grow weary of
+the monotony of each other's company. By the same rule should the
+choleric and the patient be united, and the ambitious and the humble;
+for the opposites of their natures not only produce pleasurable
+excitement, but each keeps the other in a wholesome check. In the size
+and form of the parties the same principles hold good. Tall women are
+not the ideals of beauty to tall men; and if they marry such, they
+will soon begin to imagine greater perfections in other forms than in
+those of their own wives. And this is well ordered by nature to
+prevent the disagreeable results which are almost certain to grow out
+of unions where the parties have a strong resemblance.
+
+For instance, tall parents will probably have children taller than
+either, and mental imbecility is the usual attendant of extreme size.
+The union of persons prone to corpulency, of dwarfs, etc., would have
+parallel results; and so, likewise, of weakly and attenuated couples.
+The tall should marry the short, the corpulent the lean, the choleric
+the gentle, and so on, and the tendency to extremes in the parents
+will be corrected in the offspring.
+
+Apart from these considerations, there are reasons why persons of the
+same disposition should not be united and wedlock. An amiable wife to
+a choleric man is like oil to troubled waters; an ill-tempered one
+will make his life a misery and his home a hell. The man of studious
+habits should marry a woman of sense and spirit rather than of
+erudition, or the union will increase the monotony of his existence,
+which it would be well for his health and spirits to correct by a
+little conjugal excitement; and the man of gloomy temperament will
+find the greatest relief from the dark forebodings of his mind in the
+society of a gentle, but lively and smiling partner.
+
+However, in some particulars the dispositions and constructions of
+
+
+                    MARRIED PEOPLE MUST ASSIMILATE
+
+or they will have but few enjoyments in common. The man of full habits
+and warm nature had better remain single than unite his destinies with
+a woman whose heart repulses the soft advancements of love; and the
+sanguine female in whose soul love is the dominant principle should
+avoid marriage with a very phlegmatic person, or her caresses, instead
+of being returned in kind, will rather excite feelings of disgust.
+Thus the discriminations to be made in the choice of a partner are
+extremely nice.
+
+Nature generally assists art in the choice of partners. We
+instinctively seek in the object of our desires the qualities which we
+do not possess ourselves. This is a most admirable arrangement of
+Providence, as it establishes an equilibrium and prevents people from
+tending to extremes; for it is known that unions of dwarfs are
+fruitful of dwarfs, that giants proceed from the embrace of giants,
+and that offspring of parents alike irritable, alike passive, alike
+bashful, etc., inherit the prominent qualities of both to such a
+degree as to seriously interfere with their prospects in the world.
+
+It has another advantage. Through its means "Every eye forms its own
+beauty"; hence, what one person rejects is the _beau ideal_ of
+another's conceptions, and thus we are all provided for.
+
+In fine, with man as with animals, the best way to improve the breed
+is to cross it, for the intermarriage of like with like and relative
+with relative not only causes man to degenerate, but if the system
+became universal would in time bring the human race to a termination
+altogether.
+
+A male or female with a very low forehead should carefully avoid
+marriage with a person of like conformation, or their offspring will,
+in all probability, be weak-minded or victims to partial idiocy.
+
+The system of crossing is so perfect that marriages between persons of
+different countries are likely to be pleasant and fruitful. Speaking
+on this subject, an English writer says: "The Persians have been so
+improved by introducing foreigners that they have completely succeeded
+in washing out their Mongolian origin." And the same author adds to
+the effect that in those parts of Persia where there is no foreign
+intercourse the inhabitants are sickly and stunted, while in those
+that are frequented by strangers they are large and healthy.
+
+To make what is called
+
+
+                         "A HANDSOME COUPLE,"
+
+the female should be about three inches less than the male, and the
+parties should be proportionately developed throughout their system.
+
+
+                        "A WELL-FORMED WOMAN,"
+
+says a modern physiologist, "should have her head, shoulders, and
+chest small and compact; arms and limbs relatively short; her
+haunches apart; her hips elevated; her abdomen large and her thighs
+voluminous. Hence, she should taper from the center, up and down.
+Whereas, in a well-formed man the shoulders are more prominent than
+the hips. Great hollowness of the back, the pressing of the thigh
+against each other in walking, and the elevation of one hip above the
+other, are indications of the malformation of the pelvis."
+
+From the same writer I take the following, which is applicable here.
+It is very correct in its estimates of beauty in both sexes:--
+
+"The length of the neck should be proportionately less in the male
+than in the female, because the dependence of the mental system on the
+vital one is naturally connected with the shorter courses of the
+vessels of the neck.
+
+"The neck should form a gradual transition between the body and
+head--its fullness concealing all prominences of the throat.
+
+"The shoulders should slope from the lower part of the neck, because
+the reverse shows that the upper part of the chest owes its width to
+the bones and muscles of the shoulders.
+
+"The upper part of the chest should be relatively short and wide,
+independent of the size of the shoulders, for this shows the vital
+organs which it contains are sufficiently developed.
+
+"The waist should taper a little farther than the middle of the trunk,
+and be marked, especially in the back and loins, by the approximation
+of the hips.
+
+"The waist should be narrower than the upper part of the trunk and its
+muscles, because the reverse indicates the expansion of the stomach,
+liver, and great intestine, resulting from their excessive use.
+
+"The back of woman should be more hollow than that of man; for
+otherwise the pelvis is not of sufficient depth for parturition.
+
+"Women should have more extended loins than men, at the expense of the
+superior and inferior parts, for this conformation is essential to
+gestation.
+
+"The abdomen should be larger in woman than in man, for the same
+reason.
+
+"Over all these parts the cellular tissue, and the plumpness connected
+with it, should obliterate all distinct projection of muscles.
+
+"The surface of the whole female form should be characterized by its
+softness, elasticity, smoothness, delicacy, and polish, and by the
+gradual and easy transition between the parts.
+
+"The moderate plumpness already described should bestow on the organs
+of woman great suppleness. Plumpness is essential to beauty,
+especially in mothers, because in them the abdomen necessarily
+expands, and would afterwards collapse and become wrinkled.
+
+"An excess of plumpness, however, is to be guarded against. Young
+women who are very fat are cold and prone to barrenness.
+
+"In no case should plumpness be so predominant as to destroy the
+distinctness of parts."
+
+A male and female formed on the above models would be well matched and
+have fine children.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+
+                    SEXUAL INTERCOURSE--ITS LAWS AND
+                     CONDITIONS--ITS USE AND ABUSE.
+
+
+There is an increasing and alarming prevalence of nervous ailments and
+complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+from this source. Hypochondria, in its various phases, results from
+the premature and unnatural waste of the seminal fluid. Then speedily
+ensues a lack of natural heat, a deficiency of vital power, and
+consequently indigestion, melancholy, languor, and dejection ensue;
+the victim becomes enervated and spiritless, loses the very attributes
+of man, and premature old age soon follows.
+
+
+                        IT IS A PREVALENT ERROR
+
+that it is necessary for the semen to be ejected at certain times from
+the body; that its retention is incompatible with sound health and
+vigor of body and mind. This is a very fallacious idea. The seminal
+fluid is too precious--nature bestows too much care in its elaboration
+for it to be wasted in this unproductive manner. It is intended, when
+not used for the purpose of procreation, to be reabsorbed again into
+the system, giving vigor of body, elasticity and strength to the mind,
+making the individual strong, active, and self-reliant. When kept as
+nature intended, it is a perpetual fountain of life and energy--a
+vital force which acts in every direction, a motive power which
+infuses manhood into every organ of the brain and every fiber of the
+body.
+
+
+                      THE LAW OF SEXUAL MORALITY
+
+for childhood is one of utter negation of sex. Every child should be
+kept pure and free from amative excitement and the least amative
+indulgence, which is unnatural and doubly hurtful. No language is
+strong enough to express the evils of amative excitement and unnatural
+indulgence before the age of puberty; and the dangers are so great
+that I see no way so safe as
+
+
+                         THOROUGH INSTRUCTION
+
+regarding them at the earliest age. A child may be taught, simply as a
+matter of science, as one learns botany, all that is needful to know,
+and such knowledge may protect it from the most terrible evils.
+
+The law for childhood is perfect purity, which cannot be too carefully
+guarded and protected by parents, teachers, and all caretakers. The
+law for youth is perfect continence--a pure vestalate alike in both
+sexes. No indulgence is required by one more than the other--for both
+nature has made the same provision. The natures of both are alike, and
+any--the least--exercise of the amative function is an injury to one
+as to the other.
+
+
+                              MEN EXPECT
+
+that women shall come to them in marriage chaste and pure from the
+least defilement. Women have a right to expect the same of their
+husbands. Here the sexes are upon a perfect equality.
+
+On this subject, Dr. Carpenter (physiological works) has written like
+a man of true science, and, therefore, of true morality. He lays it
+down as an axiom that _the development of the individual and the
+reproduction of the species stand in an inverse ratio to each other_.
+He says: "The augmented development of the generative organs at
+puberty can only be rightly regarded as _preparatory_ to the exercise
+of the organs. The development of the _individual_ must be completed
+before the procreative power can properly be exercised for the
+continuance of the race." And in the following extract from his
+"Principles of Human Physiology," he confirms my statement respecting
+the unscientific and libertine advice of too many physicians: "The
+author would say to those of his younger readers who urge the wants of
+nature as an excuse for the illicit gratification of the sexual
+passions, 'try the effects of _close mental application_ to some of
+those ennobling pursuits to which your profession introduces you, in
+combination with _vigorous bodily exercise_, before you assert that
+appetite is unrestrainable and act upon that assertion.' Nothing tends
+so much to increase the desire as the continual direction of the mind
+toward the objects of its gratification, whilst nothing so effectually
+represses it as a determined exercise of the mental faculties upon
+other objects and the expenditure of nervous energy in other channels.
+Some works which have issued from the medical press contain much that
+is calculated to excite, rather than to repress, the propensity; and
+the advice sometimes given by practitioners to their patients is
+immoral as well as unscientific."
+
+
+                      EVERY MAN AND EVERY WOMAN,
+
+living simply, purely, and temperately--respecting the laws of health
+in regard to air, food, dress, exercise, and habits of life--not only
+can live in the continence of a pure virgin life when single, and in
+the chastity which should be observed by all married partners, but be
+stronger, happier, and in every way better by so living.
+
+Chastity is the conservation of life, and the consecration of its
+forces to the highest use. Sensuality is the waste of life, and the
+degradation of its forces to pleasure divorced from use. Chastity is
+life; sensuality is death.
+
+
+                  FROM THE AGE OF PUBERTY TO MARRIAGE
+
+the law, is the same for both sexes--full employment of mind and body,
+temperance, purity, and perfect chastity in thought, word, and deed.
+The law is one of perfect equality. There is no license for the male
+which is not equally the right of the female. There is no
+physiological ground for any indulgence in one case more than in the
+other. No man has any more right to require or expect purity in the
+woman who is to be his wife than the woman has to require and expect
+purity in her husband. It is a simple matter of justice and right. No
+man can enter upon an amative relation with a woman, except in
+marriage, without manifest injustice to his future wife, unless he
+allow her the same liberty; and also without a great wrong to the
+woman, and to her possible husband.
+
+It is contended that the sins of men against chastity are more venial
+than those of women, because of the liability of women to have
+children. But men are also liable to be the fathers of children, who
+are deeply wronged by the absence of paternal care. The child has its
+rights, and every child has the right to be born in honest,
+respectable wedlock, of parents able to give it a sound constitution
+and the nurture and education it requires. The child who lacks these
+conditions is grievously wronged by both father and mother.
+
+
+                          THE LAW OF MARRIAGE
+
+is, that a mature man and woman, with sound health, pure lives, and a
+reasonable prospect of comfortably educating a family, when drawn to
+each other by the attraction of mutual love, should chastely and
+temperately unite for offspring. The sexual relation has this chief
+and controlling purpose. The law of nature is intercourse for
+reproduction. Under the Christian law, marriage is the symbol of the
+union of Christ with the Church; husband and wife are one in the Lord;
+they are to live in marriage chastity, not in lust and uncleanness;
+and there cannot be a more hideous violation of Christian morals than
+for a husband to vent his sensuality upon a feeble wife; against her
+wishes and when she has no desire for offspring and no power to give
+them the healthy constitutions and maternal care which is their right.
+
+The law of Christian morality is very clear. It is the sexual union
+first and chiefly for its principal object. It is for the husband to
+refrain from it whenever it is not desired; whenever it would be
+hurtful to either; whenever it would be a waste of life; whenever it
+would injure mother or child, as during pregnancy and lactation.
+
+
+                     A MAN WHO TRULY LOVES A WOMAN
+
+must respect and reverence her, and cannot make her the victim of his
+inordinate and unbridled, selfish and sensual nature. He will be ever,
+from the first moment of joyful possession to the last of his life,
+tender, delicate, considerate, deferent, yielding to her slightest
+wishes in the domain of love, and never encroaching, never trespassing
+upon, never victimizing the wife of his bosom and the mother of his
+babes. We have romance before marriage, we want more chivalry in
+marriage.
+
+This is not the world's morality, yet it seems to one the world must
+respect it. This, high and pure Christian morality is not always
+enforced by Christian ministers, some of whom yield too much to human
+sensuality and depravity, instead of maintaining the higher law of
+Christian purity, which is but nature restored or freed from its
+stains of sin. The world requires that unmarried women should be
+chaste, while it gives almost unbridled license to men. A girl
+detected in amours is disgraced and often made an outcast. In young
+men such irregularities are freely tolerated. They are "a little
+wild"; they "sow their wild oats"; but open profligacy, the seduction
+of innocence, the ruin of poor girls, adultery, harlotry and its
+diseases do not hinder men from marrying, nor from requiring that
+those they marry should have spotless reputations. It is not for a
+moment permitted that women in these matters should behave like men,
+and a pure girl is given to the arms of a wasted debauchee, and her
+babes are perhaps born dead, or suffer through life with syphilitic
+diseases, while she endures a long martyrdom from disordered,
+diseased, and unrestrained sensuality. For the unmarried, young men,
+soldiers, sailors, and all who do not choose to bear the burdens of a
+family, society has its armies of prostitutes--women like others, and
+more than others, or in less reputable fashion, the victims of the
+unbridled lust of men. They are everywhere tolerated as
+
+
+                          "NECESSARY EVILS,"
+
+and, in some places, protected or regulated; and, from economical or
+philanthropic considerations, or both, combined efforts are made to
+free them from the contagious diseases which for some centuries have
+been a curse attending this form of the violation of the laws of
+nature--one of the consequences of lust which is the divorce of the
+sexual instinct from its natural use and purpose.
+
+The Christian
+
+
+                           LAW OF MARRIAGE,
+
+as set down in the Holy Scriptures, and defined by the best writers on
+moral theology, is in harmony with nature, in consonance with the
+higher nature of man. "God hath set the earth in families." Adultery
+is a sin, because it disorders that divine arrangement. Fornication is
+a sin, because it prevents pure marriages. Prostitution is a sin,
+because it is a sacrifice of women, who might be wives and mothers, to
+the selfish lusts of men. All useless indulgence is a waste of life,
+and a kind of suicide. In a pure marriage union, men and women unite
+themselves with God in acts of creative power. The progress of
+humanity depends upon individual development and the conditions at
+generation and gestation. With culture and a harmonized development,
+we acquire a higher and more integral life. When two parents are in
+their highest condition and in
+
+
+                             A TRUE UNION
+
+with each other, the child combines the best qualities of both
+parents. When parents are not in the unity of a mutual love, the child
+may be inferior to either parent. The intensity of mutual love tends
+to the reproduction of the best faculties of both parents in the
+child. When men or women are exhausted or diseased the race
+deteriorates. Health is therefore one of the conditions of progress.
+
+"It is all very fine," I shall be told, "to talk of purity and
+chastity; but we must take men as they are. How are you going to make
+men pure and chaste, and respectful of the purity of women? How can
+you get men with strong amative propensities to live like anchorites?"
+
+How can you get men to do anything right, or refrain from any wrong
+thing? There are three motives--fear of punishment, hope of reward,
+and sense of right or the principle of duty. The first of these is the
+lowest, but often the most effectual; the second is higher, and
+appeals to hope and the love of happiness; the third, the highest of
+all motives, pure and unselfish as the love of truth, as in
+mathematics, acts on noble minds with great power. Men of real
+conscientiousness love the right for its own sake. They are just from
+love of justice; pure from a sense and love of purity. They love good,
+and God as the source of all good; and do right, not from fear or
+hope, but from pure love.
+
+We must appeal to all motives. Men refrain from theft and other
+dishonest conduct from the dread of disgrace and punishment, because
+they see that "honesty is the best policy," and from a sense of
+justice and regard to the rights of property, or a sense of honor
+which makes a mean action impossible. By similar motives great numbers
+are restrained from drunkenness and other vices. Children are to be
+restrained from impurity by the fear of the terrible consequences of
+unnatural indulgence in causing disease and pain, by the hope of a
+pure, healthy and happy life of love in manhood and womanhood, and by
+a sense of the beauty and holiness of chastity and the sacredness of
+the functions by which the race is recreated and preserved. The
+religious feelings that our bodies are to be kept pure, healthy, and
+holy in every way as the temples of the Holy Ghost cannot be too early
+instilled into the infant mind, which is open to the highest
+sentiments of veneration, devotion, and heroic religion. In youth
+there are the same motives. Indulgence in solitary vice is
+self-destructive of all that youth most values--a profanation of his
+own body.
+
+
+                               SEDUCTION
+
+is a desecration of what he should hold in the most tender reverence.
+To the young man, womanhood should be sacred, and every woman, mother,
+sister, beloved of the present or the future, should never be wronged
+by one thought of impurity. In this matter instinct goes with right.
+The inward voice supports the outer law of morality. Before men can
+become bad, their instinctive modesty must be broken down. Unless very
+badly born, with disordered amativeness, hereditary from a diseased
+and lustful parentage, they must be perverted and corrupted before
+they can act immodestly and impurely.
+
+
+                          WOMEN ARE PROTECTED
+
+by a strong public sentiment around them. They have the dread of
+disgrace. For them to yield to their own affectionate desires, or the
+solicitations of a lover, is a fall, is ruin. They have the hope of a
+loving husband, a happy home, and the respect of society. And in woman
+passion has commonly less force, and the sentiment of modesty and
+purity more power. Women are weak in yielding to solicitation, giving
+
+
+                         EVERYTHING FOR LOVE;
+
+but we see how protective of female virtue are these motives to vast
+numbers.
+
+Men can perfectly restrain the sensual part of their natures whenever
+they have a strong motive to do so. A child would be simply mad who
+was not controlled by the presence of father, mother, and persons he
+respected or feared. Young men have no difficulty when they are in the
+company of pure women. They are in no trouble when their lives are
+full of mental and muscular activity, and particularly if their habits
+of eating simply and temperately, of refraining from heating and
+exciting stimulants, and sleeping in cold beds and fresh air, are such
+as health requires. There needs but the strong will to live purely in
+any one, and at any age, the will that comes from the high motives of
+conscience and religion, or all motives combined. A strong sense of
+what is just and right controls even the motions of our bodies and
+actions which seem to be involuntary. A man who has a vivid sense of
+the right and duty of refraining from sensuality, and preserving his
+own purity of mind and body and the chastity of all women, will do so
+even in his dreams. When the will is right, all things are soon
+brought into its subjection. The mind controls the organization, and
+the life forces are directed into other channels. A strong man, full
+of
+
+
+                            LIFE AND LOVE,
+
+can safely hold a virgin in his arms, and respect her virginity, if he
+have but the motives and the will to do so. If he be pure in his
+will, how can he commit impurity? If a woman be sacred in his eyes,
+how can he profane her? It is not that men have not the power of
+restraint, the power to do right; it is that they lack the motive.
+They have lost the sense of right; they are even impelled to do wrong
+by the pressure of opinion around them. Boys and young men are driven
+into libertinage by the ridicule of their companions. Vice is
+considered manly. They seek sensuality in an evil emulation, as they
+learn to smoke, or gamble, or drink; and, later on, vanity has often
+more to do with excess than the force of lust. Young men seduce girls
+that they may boast of it. They keep mistresses because it is the
+fashion. They exhaust themselves because they wish to give a high idea
+of their manly powers. Even in marriage, women are injured and have
+their health destroyed by yielding weakly, or from
+
+
+                        A FALSE SENSE OF DUTY,
+
+to a husband whose own motive is the desire to acquit himself manfully
+in what he considers his marital duties. Men and women are, in
+thousands of cases, wretched victims to what they imagine to be the
+wants or expectations of each other. A man, ignorant of the nature of
+women and the laws of the generative function, goes on in a process of
+miserable exhaustion, to please his wife. She submits, sometimes in
+pain, often in disgust, weariness, and weakness, to what she dare not,
+from
+
+
+                             LOVE OR FEAR,
+
+refuse. Men have to know what is right and to will to be right. This
+will is omnipotent. God helps those who have the will, who have even
+the desire, to do right.
+
+If the presence of those we fear or reverence, respect or love,
+restrain us from sin and stimulate us to right action, faith in the
+existence and presence of God and angels, and the spirits of the
+departed, must have a more powerful and pervading influence. No one
+who really believes in the existence of a Supreme Being, no one who is
+strongly impressed with the reality of a spiritual life, can go on
+doing what he knows to be wrong. A religious faith is therefore the
+most powerful of all restraints from evil and incitement to good.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VII.
+
+                               MARRIAGE.
+
+
+                           WHAT IS MARRIAGE?
+
+Marriage is in law the conjugal union of man with woman, and is the
+only state in which cohabitation is considered proper and
+irreprehensible. The marriage relation exists in all Christian
+communities, and is considered the most solemn of contracts, and,
+excepting in Protestant countries, it is regarded as a sacrament. In
+some countries its celebration falls under the cognizance of
+ecclesiastical courts only, but in the United States it is regarded as
+merely a civil contract, magistrates having, equally with clergymen,
+the right to solemnize it, though it is usually the practice to have
+it performed by a clergyman and attended with religious ceremonies.
+Marriage, as a legalized custom, is of very ancient origin. It is
+doubtful whether even the primitive man was not governed in the
+intercourse of the sexes by some recognition of the union being
+confined to one chosen one. No greater promiscuity can certainly be
+supposed than occurs in the lower animals, where pairing is the law.
+The nobler animals, as the lion, elephant, etc., never have but one
+mate, and even in case of death do not remate. As men advanced, civil
+codes were inaugurated and certain protection given to the choice of
+the parties. The earliest civil code regulating marriage, of which we
+have any account, was that of Menes, who, Herodotus tells us, was the
+first of the Pharaohs, or native Egyptian kings, and who lived about
+3,500 years before Christ. The nature of his code is not known.
+
+The Biblical account extends further back, but it does not appear that
+any laws existed regulating marriage, but each one was allowed to
+choose his wife and concubines, and it is supposed that common consent
+respected the selection. Next, Moses gave laws for the government of
+marriage among the Israelites. The early Greeks followed the code of
+Cecrops, and the Romans were also governed in their marital relations
+by stringent laws. In fact, the necessity of some law regulating the
+intercourse between the sexes must have become very apparent to all
+nations or communities at a very early period. It certainly antedates
+any legal regulations with regard to the possession of property. It is
+very probable that every community did by common consent afford to
+each male one or more females, and the presumption is that such choice
+or assignment, as the case may have been, was respected by common
+agreement as inviolable. It is doubtful if ever promiscuity was the
+law or privilege with any community of men, even in their primitive
+state. The possession of reason is antagonistic to such a belief; and
+man was most probably elevated above the beast by the faculty of
+reason in this respect as in others. Promiscuous indulgence is always
+evidence of debauchery, and a departure from that natural course which
+is prompted by an innate sense of propriety characterizing mankind.
+The law is very indefinite with regard to what constitutes a legal
+marriage. It is an unsettled question, both in England and this
+country, whether a marriage solemnized by customary formalities alone
+is legal, or if one characterized by the mere consent of the parties
+is illegal. The latter has been held as legal in some instances in
+both countries. Kent, in his "Commentaries," lays down the law that a
+contract made so that either party recognizes it from the moment of
+contract, and even not followed by cohabitation, amounts to a valid
+marriage, and also that a contract to be recognized at some future
+period, and followed by consummation, is equally valid. It is
+unfortunate that the law is so undecided in this respect. The
+decisions arrived at, for or against, were not dependent upon any
+recognized law, but seem to be influenced by the character of the
+cases, either for favor or discountenance. As long as the law
+recognizes cohabitation legal only in marriage, it seems to me that if
+consummated under consent of the parties to bear marital relations
+with each other, or promise of marriage, the act should be
+unhesitatingly pronounced as the equivalent of a valid marriage in all
+instances. If cohabitation is only a marital prerogative, the law
+should not stultify itself by recognizing it as possible to occur in
+any other relation. If either of the parties is married, the law
+defines it as adultery, and very properly defines the punishment. It
+is necessary to the progress of the age that some such principle
+should be recognized in common law so as not to subject the decision
+of the question to the individual opinion of any judge. It would at
+once obviate the confusion of sentiment now held in regard to it and
+besides arrest the decision in test cases from mere caprice of the
+tribunal. It is certainly as correct a principle as any in common law,
+and would, in its operations as a statute law, be free from injustice,
+and capable of doing much good.
+
+
+                         POLYGAMY--WHAT IT IS.
+
+Polygamy is a state in which a man has at the same time more than one
+wife. It has existed from time immemorial, especially among the
+nations of the East. The custom was tolerated by the laws of Moses,
+and, in fact, no positive injunction against it is found in the whole
+of the Old Testament. It is questionable whether more than one was
+recognized as the _bona fide_ wife, the others simply being wives by
+right of concubinage. But if polygamy was in its strictest sense the
+legal custom, it soon grew unpopular, for no trace of it is met in the
+records of the New Testament, where all the passages referring to
+marriage imply monogamy as alone lawful. The custom has been almost
+universal in the East, being sanctioned by all the religions existing
+there. The religion of Mohammed allows four wives, but the permission
+is rarely exercised except by the rich.
+
+In Christian countries polygamy was never tolerated, the tenets of the
+Church forbidding it, though Charlemagne had two wives, and Sigbert
+and Chilperich also had a plurality. John of Leyden, an Anabaptist
+leader, was the husband of seventeen wives, and he held that it was
+his moral right to marry as many as he chose.
+
+In England the punishment of polygamy was originally in the hands of
+the ecclesiastics. It was considered a capital crime by Edward I., but
+it did not come entirely under the control of the temporal power until
+a statute of James I. made it a felony, punishable by death. George
+III. made it punishable by imprisonment or transportation for seven
+years.
+
+It is the offspring of licentiousness, and its advocates merely wish
+to give legal color to licentious habits. Every student of history
+will find that as soon as a nation became morally depraved, polygamy
+was practiced, and that monogamy was the rule in all countries truly
+civilized.
+
+Polygamy has, of late years, been most shamefully revived and
+outrageously practiced in face of law by the Mormons. They claim it as
+a religious duty, and defend the system by claiming that unmarried
+women can in the future life reach only the position of angels who
+occupy in the Mormon theocratic system a very subordinate rank, being
+simply ministering servants to those more worthy, thus proclaiming
+that it is a virtual necessity of the male to practice the vilest
+immorality in order to advance the female to the highest place in
+heaven.
+
+Mormonism is a religion founded by Joseph Smith, who was born in
+Sharon, E. V., Dec. 23rd, 1805, and killed at Carthage, Ill., June
+27th, 1844.
+
+It is a most singular fact that a sect like the Mormons could have
+been established in a country peopled with such law-abiding people as
+of the United States, and maintain a system of marriage, antagonistic
+to the law and religion of the land. Neither could they have done so
+if they had not possessed two great virtues, temperance and industry.
+It is to be hoped that the legal process now instituted for its
+abolition will effectually remove the blot from the national
+escutcheon.
+
+The "Oneida Communists" are essentially polygamic, although they have
+no marriage system. They do not marry, and ignore all marriage codes.
+Cohabitation is under no restrictions between the sexes. Marriage is
+also not observed among the "Shakers."
+
+
+                         MONOGAMY--WHAT IT IS.
+
+This is the conjugal union of a male with one female only. We have
+seen that monogamy was coequal with civilization, and that most
+probably the majority of the males had but one wife, even among
+polygamic nations. Universal polygamy is practically impossible, the
+scarcity of females and the poverty of the males forbidding it. The
+excess of females is not so great in any country as to allow to each
+male more than one wife, except the male portion is depleted by long
+and disastrous wars. Monogamy has done more for the elevation of the
+female than any other custom of civilization. The rich could only
+afford to practice polygamy, and should the poor imitate the example
+it would necessarily subject the wives to a state of serfdom. In the
+economy of nature it is designed that the male should be the protector
+of the female, and that by his exertions the provision of food and
+raiment should be secured. In polygamous nations the female has not
+attained that social state that she has reached in countries where the
+male is entitled to but one female as his wife. Woman's highest sphere
+is not in the harem or zenana, but in that dignified state in which
+she is the sole connubial companion of but one man. It is debasing to
+her nature, and subversive of her dignity in the rank of humanity, to
+make her the equal only with others in the marital union with one
+male. She becomes only the true, noble and affectionate being when she
+is conscious of a superiority to others in the connubial companionship
+with her accepted one. The female bird chirps but for her single mate,
+and she is pugnaciously monogamic, as well as virtuous, allowing
+neither male or female at or near her home. The spirit of independence
+she gains by being the mate of but one male gains for her the victory
+over the intruders.
+
+The physical and mental welfare of the female is also dependent upon
+monogamic marriage. We have demonstrated that temperate indulgence is
+conducive to the sanitary condition of the sexes, and that absolute
+abstinence is opposed to the designs of nature. It is also evident
+that the male is not endowed with greater power, vigor or capacity
+than the female; therefore, confinement or limitation of the congress
+to the companionship of one male with one female, as in monogamic
+marriage, gives the healthy balance to the marital union. The
+polygamic husband must either suffer from the consequences of
+excessive indulgence or his wives from poverty of sexual
+gratification; probably both would be the case.
+
+
+                               POLYANDRY
+
+is equally as proper as polygamy, yet it never in the history of man
+obtained a foothold. The system is more logical than polygamy, because
+the wife's dependence would be distributed between two or more
+husbands, in which case she would be better insured against poverty
+and her support would be guaranteed by greater probability.
+
+We have now described the history and aspect of the two customs, and
+will conclude the subject by remarking that a man is morally and
+physically entitled to but one wife, and that a plurality is a great
+wrong to the female and in total opposition to the ordinance of
+nature. Wherever polygamy is the custom the female is held in slavish
+subjection. It only prospers in proportion to the ignorance of the
+sex. Intelligent and civilized woman will always rebel against such
+debasement and servitude.
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE CUSTOMS.
+
+It would probably be interesting to many to describe the marriage
+ceremonies observed by different nations, but to enter into a
+descriptive detail would occupy too much space. It is sufficient to
+say that while some wives are wooed and won, others are bought and
+sold; while in some countries the husband brings the wife to his home,
+in others, as in Formosa, the daughter brings her husband to her
+father's house, and he is considered one of the family, while the
+sons, upon marriage, leave the family forever. In civilized countries,
+the ceremonies are either ministerial or magisterial, and are more or
+less religious in character; while in others, less civilized, the
+gaining of a wife depends upon a foot-race, in which the female has
+the start of one-third the distance of the course, as is the custom
+in Lapland. In Caffraria, the lover must first fight himself into the
+affections of his ladylove, and if he defeats all his rivals she
+becomes his wife without further ceremony. Among the Congo tribes, a
+wife is taken upon trial for a year, and if not suited to the standard
+of taste of the husband, he returns her to her patents. In Persia, the
+wife's status depends upon her fruitfulness; if she be barren, she can
+be put aside. In the same country they have also permanent marriages
+and marriages for a certain period only--the latter never allowed to
+exceed ninety years.
+
+In fact, the marriage ceremonies differ in nearly all countries. To us
+some may appear very absurd, and yet our customs may be just as
+amazing to them. It matters but little how a conjugal union is
+effected so long as sanctioned by law or custom and it obligates the
+parties, by common opinion, to observe the duties pertaining to
+married life.
+
+
+                    THE BASIS OF A HAPPY MARRIAGE.
+
+The state of conjugal union should be the happiest in the whole of the
+existence of either man or woman, and is such in a congenial marriage.
+Yet in the history of very many marriages contentment or happiness is
+palpably absent and an almost insufferable misery is the heritage of
+both parties. It is therefore important that previous to the marital
+union the parties should take everything into consideration that
+fore-shadows happiness after marriage, as well as everything
+calculated to despoil conjugal felicity.
+
+The first requisite of congenial marriage is love. Without being
+cemented by this element the conjugal union is sure to be uncongenial.
+It is the strongest bond, the firmest cord, uniting two hearts
+inseparably together. Love for the opposite sex has always been a
+controlling influence with mankind. It is the most elevating of all
+the emotions and the purest and tenderest of all sentiments. It exerts
+a wonderful power, and by its influence the grandest human actions
+have been achieved. Of what infinite worth it is to either sex to be
+compensated with a worthy and satisfying love, and how ennobling to
+the impulses and actions it is to bestow the sentiment upon one worthy
+to receive and willing to return.
+
+
+                        LOVE IS THE MAINSPRING
+
+that regulates the harmony of conjugal life, and without it there is a
+void in the machinery, productive only of jars, convulsive movement,
+and a grating and inharmonious action. The soul yearns for love and
+to love, and unless the desire is compensated human life is a blank
+and becomes a purposeless existence. Love ever stimulates the good and
+suppresses the bad, if kept in a proper channel and guided by pure
+affections.
+
+Another requisite of a happy marriage is health. No person has a moral
+right to engage in wedlock who cannot bring to his partner the
+offering of good health.
+
+Another consideration is _evenness of temper_. In the wooing days
+everyone is a lamb, and only becomes the howling wolf after marriage.
+Circumstances that ruffle the temper in the presence of the intended
+are but like the harmless squib, but would become like the explosive
+torpedo in his or her absence or in after-marriage. Quarreling caused
+by matrimonial differences is the most frequent cause of infelicity,
+and most of it is caused by an innate irate temper of either husband
+or wife.
+
+The _tastes_ should not be dissimilar. Some of them may be
+unimportant, but others are a fruitful source of disagreement. The
+social wife will never be contented with the unsocial husband, and the
+gay husband, though his gayety may not be commendable, will always
+accuse his wife if she lacks a social disposition to a great extent.
+The religious wife will never excuse a tendency to irreligion in her
+husband, and though he may be far from being immoral, she is unhappy
+if he does not participate in her devotions. The one devoted to
+children will never be happy with one having a natural repugnance for
+them. In this way we might multiply facts illustrative of the
+importance of an investigation into the similarity of taste previous
+to marriage. Great love, however, overcomes almost every obstacle.
+
+
+               THE PARTIES SHOULD BE NEARLY OF ONE AGE.
+
+The husband should be the elder. The union of the old husband to the
+young wife, or the reverse, is seldom a happy one. It is seldom that
+such a marriage occurs in which the incentive is not the wealth of
+either of the parties.
+
+Marriages are usually contracted to gratify various desires, as love,
+fortune or position. The results are more truthfully stated by an
+eminent divine in the following:
+
+"Who marries for love, takes a wife; who marries for fortune, takes a
+mistress; who marries for position, takes a lady."
+
+To a man there is but one choice that he can rationally make, a
+marriage of love. My female readers, I hope, will decide rather to wed
+a husband than the master or the elegant gentleman.
+
+A little foresight, a little prudence, and a little caution will
+prevent in most cases the entrance into a marriage which, by the very
+nature of the alliance, is certain to be an unhappy and improper one.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+
+                     PREGNANCY--LABOR--PARTURITION.
+
+
+Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman than
+that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.
+
+
+                        THE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
+
+are various. Many females are troubled with colic pains, creeping of
+the skin, shuddering, and fainting fits immediately on conception
+taking place. Where such symptoms occur immediately after connection,
+they are a certain indication of impregnation.
+
+
+                          A REMARKABLE CHANGE
+
+takes place in the face in most cases, varying in time from three days
+to three months. The eyes are dull and heavy, and present a glassy
+appearance; the nose pinched up; the skin becomes pale and livid, and
+the whole countenance appears as if five or ten years' advance in life
+had been taken at a single step.
+
+Another important and remarkable sign, and one the most to be relied
+on, is an increase in the size of the neck. This often occurs at a
+very early period, and many females, by keeping a careful daily
+measurement of the neck, can always tell when they are pregnant.
+
+A suppression of the menstrual flow is another strong presumptive
+sign. It is true a partial flow of the menses often occurs after
+pregnancy, from the lower part of the womb, but when the flow is
+suddenly stopped without any apparent cause, pregnancy is generally
+the predisposing cause.
+
+
+                         SOON AFTER CONCEPTION
+
+the stomach often becomes affected with what is called morning
+sickness. On first awaking, the female feels as well as usual, but on
+rising from her bed qualmishness begins and perhaps while in the act
+of dressing retching and vomiting takes place.
+
+This symptom may occur almost immediately after conception, but it
+most frequently commences for the first time between two and three
+weeks after. Now and then it is experienced only during the last six
+weeks or two months of pregnancy, and subsides about the time the
+movements of the child begin to be felt.
+
+
+                         CHANGES IN THE BREAST
+
+are generally considered as strong signs of pregnancy. When two months
+of pregnancy have been completed, an uneasy sensation of throbbing and
+stretching fullness is experienced, accompanied by tingling about the
+middle of the breasts, centering in the nipples. A sensible alteration
+in their appearance soon follows, they grow larger and more firm. The
+nipple becomes more prominent, and the circle around its base altered
+in color and structure, constituting what is called the areola, and as
+pregnancy advances milk is secreted.
+
+
+                       THE PERIOD OF GESTATION,
+
+at which these changes may occur, varies much in different females.
+Sometimes, with the exception of the secretion of the milk, they are
+recognized very soon after conception; in other instances,
+particularly in females of a weakly and delicate constitution, they
+are hardly perceptible until pregnancy is far advanced or even drawing
+toward its termination.
+
+The changes in the form and size of the breasts may be the result of
+causes unconnected with pregnancy. They may enlarge in consequence of
+marriage, from the individual becoming stout and fat or from
+accidental suppression of the monthly flow.
+
+The changes which take place in the nipple, and around its base, are
+of the utmost value as an evidence of pregnancy.
+
+
+                    ABOUT THE SIXTH OR SEVENTH WEEK
+
+after conception has taken place, if the nipple be examined it will be
+found becoming turgid and prominent, and a circle forming around its
+base, of a color deeper in its shade than rose or flesh color,
+slightly tinged with a yellowish or brownish hue, and here and there
+upon its surface will be seen little prominent points from about ten
+to twenty in number. In the progress of the next six or seven weeks
+these changes are fully developed, the nipple becoming more prominent
+and turgid than ever, the circle around it of larger dimensions, the
+skin being soft, bedewed with a slight degree of moisture, frequently
+staining the linen in contact with it; the little prominences of
+larger size, and the color of the whole very much deepened.
+
+Calculations of the
+
+
+                        DURATION OF PREGNANCY,
+
+founded upon what has been observed to occur after casual intercourse,
+or perhaps a single act, in individuals who can have no motive to tell
+us what is false, are likely to be correct. The conclusion drawn from
+these is, that labor usually, but not invariably, comes on about 280
+days after conception, a mature child being sometimes born before the
+expiration of the forty weeks, and at other times not until that time
+has been exceeded by several days. A case is on record where the
+pregnancy lasted 287 days. In this case the labor did not take place
+until that period had elapsed from the departure of the husband for
+the East Indies, consequently the period might have been longer than
+287 days.
+
+
+                   CHILDBIRTH IS A NATURAL PROCESS,
+
+and however complicated and painful habits or disease have made it,
+yet the work must be left to nature. Any efforts to assist or hurry
+matters will only end in harm. The only cases where interference is
+justifiable is where her powers are exhausted or some malformation
+exists or malpresentation occurs. When labor is about to commence, the
+womb descends into the bottom of the belly and the motions and weight
+of the child will be felt much lower down than usual. If in a natural
+position the head will fall to the mouth of the womb and press upon
+it. This drives forward the membranes which retain the water at the
+orifice, and at the proper moment they break and labor then commences.
+
+Labor is caused by involuntary contractions of the uterus and
+abdominal muscles. By their force the liquor amnii flows out, the head
+of the foetus is engaged in the pelvis, it goes through it, and soon
+passes out by the valve, the folds of which disappear. These different
+phenomena take place in succession and continue a certain time. They
+are accompanied with pains more or less severe, with swelling and
+softening of the soft parts of the pelvis and external genital parts,
+and with an abundant mucous secretion in the cavity of the vagina. All
+these circumstances, each in its own way, favor the passage of the
+foetus.
+
+It is proper here to remark that parturition is not necessarily either
+painful or dangerous. It is well known that women in an uncivilized
+state suffer very little pain or disablement in bringing forth
+children. Generally neither pregnancy nor labor interrupt the ordinary
+avocation of the mother, except for an hour or two at the birth
+itself. The suffering and debilitating influences that often attend
+childbirth now are caused by our unnatural modes of living and
+nonattention to the laws of health. Numerous well-authenticated
+instances are known where women who had previously suffered with
+severe labor in childbirth have, by attention to health and diet as
+here shown, been delivered of fine healthy children with comparative
+ease.
+
+From the
+
+
+                        BEGINNING OF PREGNANCY
+
+more than ordinary care should be used in taking regular exercise in
+the open air, being careful to avoid fatigue and overexertion. During
+the whole period of pregnancy every kind of agitating exercise, such
+as running, jumping, jolting in a carriage, and plunging in cold
+water, should be carefully avoided, as well as the passions being kept
+under perfect control.
+
+
+                               THE DIET
+
+must chiefly consist of fruits and farinaceous food, as sago, tapioca,
+rice, etc. In proportion as a woman subsists upon aliment which is
+free from earthy and bony matter will she avoid pain and danger in
+delivery; hence, the more ripe fruit, acid fruit in particular, and
+the less of other kinds of food, but particularly of bread or pastry
+of any kind, is consumed, the less will be the danger and sufferings
+of childbirth. Nearly all kinds of fruit possess two hundred times
+less ossifying principle than bread or anything else made of wheaten
+flour.
+
+Honey, molasses, sugar, butter, oil, vinegar, etc., when
+unadulterated, are entirely free from earthy matter. Common salt,
+pepper, coffee, cocoa, spices, and many drugs are much worse than
+wheaten flour in their hardening and bone-forming tendency, and should
+therefore be avoided. The drink should be tea or lemonade made with
+water, soft and clear, and, when practicable, distilled.
+
+No mother who has adopted this mode of living but has blessed the
+knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother from needless
+terror.
+
+In the third month of pregnancy, but not before, the belly begins to
+enlarge or swell, and gradually increases in size till the full term
+of pregnancy is completed. Between the sixteenth and twentieth week
+the womb rises up into the belly, and the motion of the child is felt,
+which is called
+
+
+                              QUICKENING.
+
+The first time a woman is with child this sensation of quickening is
+like that of a bird fluttering within her; at other times she feels a
+tickling or pushing sensation, or the child gives a kick or a jump,
+and this, too, with so much energy as to move the petticoats, a book,
+or any light article she may have in her lap.
+
+It is important to remember these symptoms, and the order in which
+they occur: first, cessation of the menses; second, morning sickness;
+third, swelling and darting pains in the breast, and dark color around
+the nipples; fourth, gradual enlargement of the abdomen or belly;
+fifth, the movement of the child.
+
+In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, if these symptoms are present
+the woman is pregnant. Pregnant women are generally affected with
+heartburn, sickness of a morning, headache, and that troublesome
+disease, toothache, which accompanies pregnancy; all of which may
+usually be avoided by keeping the bowels gently open with seidlitz
+powders, caster oil, or pills of rhubarb, which should be taken
+occasionally, either alone or in combination with colocynth and soap.
+A clyster made of warm soapsuds will often be sufficient if repeated
+every few days; or senna and manna; and if there is any aversion to
+taking medicine, give some simple articles, such as roasted apples,
+figs, prunes, or anything that will quiet the stomach and prevent
+costiveness of the bowels.
+
+
+                             THE TOOTHACHE
+
+often complained of by pregnant women, and which may occur at any
+period, is seldom relieved by extraction, having its seat in the
+adjacent nerves of the face or jaws, and is neuralgic. The teeth ought
+not to be drawn during pregnancy, unless urgently required, but should
+be relieved by applying hot fomentations to the face, as a camomile
+poultice. Rubbing the jaw externally with spirits of camphor or
+laudanum, or applying mustard plasters or blisters behind the ears,
+will afford relief.
+
+
+                     THE CRAMPS OF THE LEGS. ETC.,
+
+in pregnancy, caused by the pressure of the enlarged womb on the
+nerves, are often troublesome, but not attended with any danger, and
+may be speedily relieved by a change of posture, and friction, or
+rubbing with opodeldoc, spirits of camphor, or hot whisky and salt.
+Palpitation of the heart occurs frequently, and usually about the
+period of quickening. In general, it is the result of a disordered
+stomach and may be relieved by attention to diet and moderate doses of
+magnesia and Epsom salts, of equal quantities.
+
+
+                     THE PALPITATION OF THE HEART
+
+may be produced by a morbid state of the nerves, and is then termed
+hysterical. Attention in all such cases should be paid to the diet,
+air, exercise, etc., with the view of improving the strength, the
+bowels being kept open by mild means. All exciting or agitating
+subjects should be carefully avoided, and the mind of the pregnant
+woman kept calm and tranquil; for the mind, in the early stages of
+pregnancy, exercises the most powerful influence over the child
+through life; and how many peculiar traits of character have been
+indelibly fixed upon their offspring from these exciting causes is
+evident in many families.
+
+When the palpitation occurs from the state of the nerves, as before
+described, producing uncomfortable feelings, a teaspoonful of the
+tincture of castor or asafoetida, with an equal quantity of compound
+spirits of lavender, mixed in a little water, will seldom fail to
+afford relief, which may, if necessary, be repeated on its recurrence.
+
+
+                           MORNING SICKNESS
+
+is one of the most painful feelings attendant on the pregnant state,
+and it is one of those which medicine commonly fails to relieve. A cup
+of camomile or peppermint tea, taken when first awaking, and suffering
+the patient to be still for an hour, will frequently alleviate the
+distressing sickness; but should it recur during the day, and if these
+means fail, two or three teaspoonfuls of the following mixture should
+then be taken either occasionally or, when the vomiting and heartburn
+are more continual, immediately after each meal:
+
+Take of--
+    Calcined magnesia,                   One dram;
+    Distilled water,                     Six ounces;
+    Aromatic tincture of rhatany,        Six drams;
+    Water of pure ammonia,               One dram.
+
+Mix. The anxiety and sometimes despondency of mind--in other words,
+lowness of spirits--to which pregnant women are more or less liable
+greatly depends on the state of their general health and the natural
+temper and character of the individual; but it can be greatly
+aggravated, and may often be excited by circumstances or officious
+persons. Let me, then, urge upon you the _important necessity_ of
+keeping the mind as tranquil and cheerful as possible, particularly
+during the first four months of pregnancy. A judicious course of this
+kind will produce the most beneficial and well-balanced mind in the
+child; while, if the contrary, a desponding and nervous temperament,
+with many other peculiarities, will be the consequence.
+
+
+               SURE TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF PREGNANCY.
+
+M. Nauche has found that the urine of pregnant women contains a
+particular substance, which, when the urine is allowed to stand
+separates and forms a pellicle on the surface. M. Enguiser, from an
+extensive series of observations, has confirmed the fact, and
+ascertained that kisteine, as this particular substance has been
+called, is constantly formed on the surface of the urine of women in a
+state of pregnancy. The urine must be allowed to stand for from two to
+six days, when minute opaque bodies are observed to rise from the
+bottom to the surface of the fluid, where they gradually unite and
+form a continuous layer over the surface. This layer is so consistent
+that it may be almost lifted off by raising it by one of its edges.
+This is the kisteine. It is whitish, opalescent, slightly granular,
+and can be compared to nothing better than the fatty substance which
+floats on the surface of soups after they have been allowed to cool.
+When examined by the microscope, it has the aspect of a gelatinous
+mass without determinate form; sometimes cubical shaped crystals are
+discovered on it, but this appearance is only observed when it has
+stood a long time, and is to be regarded as foreign to it. The
+kisteine remains on the surface for several days; the urine then
+becomes turbid, and small opaque masses become detached from the
+kisteine and fall to the bottom of the fluid and the pellicle soon
+becomes destroyed.
+
+The essential character of the urine of pregnancy, then, is the
+presence of the kisteine; and the characters of the pellicle are so
+peculiar that it is impossible to mistake it for anything else. A
+pellicle sometimes forms on the surface of the urine of patients
+laboring under phthisis, abscess, or disease of the bladder, but may
+be easily distinguished by this circumstance, that it does not form in
+such a short time as the kisteine, and that in place of disappearing,
+as this last, in a few days, it increases in thickness and at last is
+converted into a mass of moldiness. There exists, likewise, a very
+marked difference between its mucous aspect and that of kisteine; a
+difference which is difficult to describe, but which is easily
+recognized.
+
+Kisteine appears to exist in the urine from the first month of
+pregnancy till delivery. It has even been recognized in the urine of a
+few gravid animals.
+
+
+                          "PARTURIENT BALM,"
+
+_For Rendering Childbirth Easy and Less Dangerous--A very Important
+Medicine._
+
+Take blue cohosh root, four ounces; lady's-slipper root and spikenard
+root, of each one ounce; sassafras bark (of root) and clover, of each
+half an ounce. Bruise all, and simmer slowly for two hours in two
+quarts of boiling water. Strain, and add one pound of white sugar.
+
+Dose: A wineglassful twice a day for two weeks or a month previous to
+expected confinement, for the purpose of rendering parturition, or
+childbirth, more easy.
+
+Should be taken by every pregnant woman.
+
+
+                               ABORTION.
+
+Abortion, or miscarriage, means, in plain language, a woman losing her
+child previous to the seventh month of her pregnancy; that is, before
+its due time. When this occurs after that period it is called
+
+
+                           PREMATURE LABOR.
+
+Miscarriage involves pain and weakness in addition to the loss of
+offspring, and is often a severe trial to the maternal constitution.
+It may occur at any period of pregnancy, but particular stages are
+more liable to the accident than others. These are generally
+considered to be about the time of the first menstruation after
+conception; again at the twelfth week, and toward the seventh month;
+and the liability is increased at those times which correspond to the
+menstrual period. When abortion has once taken place it is more likely
+to occur again, and some have so strong a tendency to it that they
+never go beyond a certain stage, but then invariably miscarry.
+
+
+                         THE CAUSE OF ABORTION
+
+may exist in the constitution of the female herself, being the result
+of weakness and irritability, or of an overfull habit or a diseased
+condition of the womb; or the foetus, or child, may die or be
+deficient in development, when it is cast off like a blighted fruit.
+Suckling after conception has taken place is not infrequently a cause
+of miscarriage. Active diseases occurring during pregnancy, such as
+fevers, severe inflammation, eruptive fevers, etc., are almost certain
+to occasion the expulsion of the uterine contents. Continued
+diarrhoea and the action of strong purgative medicines, particularly
+the aloetic, are dangerous. This is a very good reason for those who
+are pregnant avoiding all quack aperient medicines; they almost all
+contain aloes, and may be very injurious. All undue exertion or
+agitation of body or mind, sudden jerks or jumps, riding on horseback
+in the early stage, or in a shaking carriage in the latter stages of
+pregnancy, may any of them bring on miscarriage. To these may be
+added: exertion of the arms in doing anything on a level above the
+head; costive bowels and straining consequent therein; sexual
+indulgence, or, in plain language, too much connection with your
+husband; and luxurious habits. Those who have once suffered from
+abortion ought to be extremely careful during succeeding pregnancies,
+and all ought to bear in mind the possibility of the occurrence.
+
+
+                  THE SYMPTOMS OF THREATENED ABORTION
+
+vary with the constitution. In the strong and plethoric it is often
+preceded by shivering and febrile symptoms and by a feeling of weight
+in the lower bowels. In the weak there is languor, faintness,
+flaccidity of the breasts, general depression, and pains in the back
+and loins. Intermittent pains, and discharge of blood from the
+passage, tell that the process has begun. If miscarriage occurs within
+the first month or two after conception, the process may be
+accomplished with so little inconvenience as to escape notice and be
+mistaken for a menstrual period. More generally, however, the severity
+of the pain and an unusual clotted discharge of blood render the case
+evident. The pain, the discharge, and, at the same time, the danger of
+an abortion, are in proportion to the advancement of the pregnancy.
+When a miscarriage goes on, the pains increase in force and frequency,
+and continue, with discharge of blood, fluid or in clots, until the
+ovum, or first formation of the child, is expelled; after which both
+become moderated till they cease altogether and the red flow gives
+place to a colorless one. It is very important that those in
+attendance upon the patient should examine every clot that comes away.
+If large, tear it in pieces, that they may ascertain whether the
+contents of the womb are expelled or not, for there is no safety or
+rest, where miscarriage is progressing, till it has taken place and
+everything is cast off.
+
+
+                          AS SOON AS A FEMALE
+
+experiences threatenings of abortion she ought at once to retire to
+bed, upon a mattress, and keep perfectly quiet till every symptom has
+disappeared. Sometimes this simple measure, _promptly adopted_, is
+sufficient to avert the threatened evil. If there is much feeling of
+fullness, and the patient is of full habit generally, eight or a dozen
+leeches may be applied to the lower part of the bowels; if there is
+fever, saline medicines may be given, such as the common effervescing
+draft of carbonate of soda and tartaric acid or lemon juice; or, if
+the bowels are much confined, seidlitz powders, assisting the action
+by cold clysters, if necessary. When the pains are severe,
+particularly in the weak and irritable, twenty or thirty drops of
+laudanum should be given, and may be repeated in a few hours if the
+symptoms are not improved. In the case of profuse discharge, the
+patient should be kept very lightly covered, movement avoided, and
+every article of food or drink given cold, or iced if possible,
+provided the vital powers are not excessively reduced. Cloths dipped
+in cold or iced water should also be applied to the lower part of the
+body and frequently changed. Acid drinks, with cream of tartar, may be
+freely given. Ten or fifteen drops of elixir vitriol may be given in a
+wineglassful of water every two or three hours. Should slight
+faintness come on, it is better not to interfere with it, but use
+outward remedies--camphor, cold water, vinegar, etc.--as they maybe
+salutary. If it reaches to an extent to threaten life, stimulants, as
+brandy and water, and others, must be had recourse to. Profuse and
+continued discharge, though it may not threaten life, must occasion a
+weakness which will take a long time to overcome, and which may
+ultimately, if not properly attended to, promote the development of
+other diseases of the womb.
+
+
+                      IF THE FLOODING IS PROFUSE
+
+and uncontrolled by the means before mentioned, one grain and a half
+of sugar of lead may be given every two or three hours, and washed
+down with a drink of vinegar and water, to which, if there is much
+pain, add from five to ten drops of laudanum.
+
+Pieces of linen or cotton cloth should be soaked in a strong solution
+of alum, or a decoction of oak bark; and then well oiled; with this
+cloth plug the passage or birthplace; or, some of this astringent wash
+may be thrown up with a syringe.
+
+But, during the time and after miscarriage, the general strength must
+be supported by a strengthening diet, such as soups, meat, etc.,
+avoiding stimulants as much as possible. Nevertheless, in some cases
+wine or malt liquors may be necessary in convalescence, or when
+recovering, and if so may be assisted by tonic or strengthening
+medicines, such as contain mineral acid. Bark or iron are generally
+given as the most appropriate remedies. The bowels will, in some
+cases, require strict attention, as indeed they do throughout, and for
+this purpose castor oil is a good medicine, or clysters of cold or
+tepid water are most useful. A teaspoonful of Epsom salts dissolved in
+half a pint of water, either cold or slightly warmed, to which add
+fifteen drops of elixir vitriol, forms a most excellent and mild
+purgative, which should be taken before breakfast. In all cases where
+the constitution of the woman has a tendency to miscarriage or
+abortion, a quiet state of mind should be observed, avoiding all
+violent exertions, particularly lifting heavy weights. These
+principles of treatment are to be kept in mind in the management of
+miscarriage:
+
+The first, to prevent it, if possible, by rest, opiates, etc.
+
+The second, to allay pain, moderate the discharge of blood, and to
+save and support the strength of the patient.
+
+The third, when abortion must take place, to expedite the separation
+of the ovum and free the contents of the womb. This is generally done
+by simply occasionally drinking cold water, and in difficult cases, if
+necessary, by the administration of spurred rye. The dose is a strong
+infusion or tea given every twenty or thirty minutes until the desired
+effect is produced, as long as the stomach will bear it.
+
+The health of pregnant females should at all times be an object of
+great care and interest; and they should be impressed with the
+conviction that while
+
+
+                        BEARING THE FIRST CHILD
+
+they may, by proper care and attention, lay the foundation for their
+future health and that of their offspring; while by neglect and
+imprudence in this matter, they may not only enfeeble their
+constitution, but entail upon their children an inheritance of
+infirmity and disease.
+
+Miscarriage, or abortion, which includes all cases in which delivery
+takes place before the sixth month, seldom occurs without being
+preceded, or accompanied, or followed, by a morbid discharge of blood
+from the womb, which is commonly known by the name of _flooding_.
+Abortion, or miscarriage, takes place with the first pregnancy, and
+during the first two months; therefore, great care should be observed
+during this period, as any cause which either destroys the life of the
+child in the womb or brings on morbid or premature contractions in
+that organ may induce miscarriage. Coughing severely, or vomiting, a
+blow or fall, or a misstep leading to an effort to prevent falling,
+may, and does frequently, result in miscarriage; and this having once
+occurred, it is, without proper care, exceedingly liable to be the
+case again at the same period of a subsequent pregnancy. The same
+result may follow any vivid moral impression; for fright, or mental
+excitement by passion, or witnessing any accident, will be found often
+to end in miscarriage. In some healthy females, however, it occurs
+without any other cause than mere fullness of blood. A bleeding from
+the womb is often in such cases a first symptom of abortion, and
+should be attended to as early as possible before it goes to any
+considerable extent. The amount of flooding, in most cases, is in
+proportion to the early period of pregnancy at which it takes place,
+for in the latter months there is seldom much blood lost. But there
+are cases in which pregnant women will lose blood repeatedly from the
+womb and yet not miscarry, but these are very rare cases.
+
+In most cases, the occurrence of a woman's flooding between the first
+and fourth months, unless very slight, or quickly relieved, is usually
+followed by a miscarriage; but as soon as the child and its membranes
+are both expelled by the contraction of the womb the flooding soon
+ceases. In many such cases it is often very difficult, and sometimes
+impossible, to deliver the afterbirth and membranes, which remain and
+finally pass off after putrefaction has taken place, resulting in long
+and offensive discharges from the womb, and which, unless treated by
+the most skillful management, frequently result in many internal
+mischiefs of a serious character, such as ulcers, cancers, etc.
+
+In all cases, those who are constitutionally disposed to abortion, or
+have a tendency to miscarriage, should take great care to preserve a
+quiet state of mind and to avoid all violent exertion; and all active
+purgatives should be avoided, and exposure to great heat or cold,
+during the time of gestation or pregnancy.
+
+When the miscarriage has really taken place, and the foetus, or
+child, is expelled, together with the contents of the womb, the same
+precautions should in general be observed as in childbirth.
+
+
+                        TO PREVENT MISCARRIAGE,
+
+when it is threatened, or on the appearance of the first symptoms, the
+patient should lie down and be as quiet as possible; live on very
+light diet; bowels be kept freely open; and an injection of thirty
+drops of laudanum should be given in half a pint of slippery elm tea.
+Should flooding be present, cold lemonade should be drank freely, and
+cloths wet with cold or ice water applied to the thighs and lower part
+of the birthplace, which should be repeated until the flooding is
+relieved.
+
+
+                     MEANS OF PREVENTING ABORTION.
+
+To prevent abortion, women of weak or relaxed habit should use solid
+food, avoiding great quantities of tea, coffee, or other weak or
+watery liquors. They should go soon to bed and rise early, and take
+frequent exercise, but avoid fatigue. They should occasionally take
+half a pint of the decoction of lignum-vit�, boiling an ounce of it in
+a quart of water for five minutes.
+
+If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet and chiefly of the
+vegetable kind, avoiding strong liquors and everything that may tend
+to heat the body or increase the quantity of blood; and when the
+symptoms appear, should take a dram of powdered nitre in a cup of
+water gruel every five or six hours.
+
+In both cases the patient should sleep on a hard mattress and be kept
+cool and quiet; the bowels should be kept regular by a pill of white
+walnut extract or bitterroot.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+
+                             MENSTRUATION.
+
+
+Though this is not a disease, but a healthy function, and as, from
+various causes, derangement of the function occurs, it is proper that
+it should be perfectly understood. Menstruation is the term applied to
+the phenomenon that attends the rupture of what is called the
+_Graafian follicles_ of the ovaries and the discharge of an ova, or
+egg. It is a bloody discharge from the female genitals; not differing
+from ordinary blood, excepting that it does not coagulate, and in its
+peculiar odor. The blood comes from the capillaries of the womb and
+vagina.
+
+
+                  MENOPHANIA, OR THE FIRST APPEARANCE
+
+of the menses, is usually preceded by a discharge of a fluid whitish
+matter from the vagina, by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and
+heaviness in the loins and thighs, numbness of the limbs, and swelling
+and hardness of the breasts. The first appearance is an evidence of
+capacity for conception. It generally appears about the age of
+fourteen, but varies from nine to twenty-four years. In warm climates
+women begin to menstruate earlier and cease sooner than in temperate
+regions; in the cold climates the reverse of this holds as a general
+rule. The manifestations of approaching puberty are seen in the
+development of the breasts, the expansion of the hips, the rounded
+contour of the body and limbs, appearance of the purely feminine
+figure, development of the voice, and the child becomes reserved and
+exchanges her plays for the pursuits of womanhood.
+
+More or less indisposition and irritability also precede each
+successive recurrence of the menstrual flux, such as headache,
+lassitude, uneasiness, pain in back, loins, etc. The periods succeed
+each other usually about every twenty-eight days, although it may
+occur every twenty-two, twenty, eighteen, fifteen, or thirty-two,
+thirty-five, or forty days. The most important element is the
+regularity of the return. In temperate climates each menstrual period
+ordinarily continues from three to six days, and the quantity lost
+from four to eight ounces. The menses continue to flow from the period
+of puberty till the age of forty-five or fifty. At the time of its
+natural cessation the flow becomes irregular, and this irregularity is
+accompanied occasionally by symptoms of dropsy, glandular swellings,
+etc., constituting the _critical period_, _turn_ or _change of life_;
+yet it does not appear that mortality is increased by it, as vital
+statistics show that more men die between forty and fifty than women.
+
+It should be the
+
+
+                         DUTY OF EVERY MOTHER
+
+or female in charge of a child in whom age or actual manifestations
+suggest the approach of puberty to acquaint her with the nature of her
+visitation and the importance of her conduct in regard to it. She
+should be taught that it is perfectly natural to all females at a
+certain period, and that its arrival necessitates caution on her part
+with regard to exposure to wet or cold. The author has made the
+acquaintance of the history of many cases of consumption and other
+diseases which were directly induced by folly and ignorance at the
+first menstrual flow. The child is often kept in extreme ignorance of
+the liability of womanhood occurring to her at a certain age, and,
+hence, when she observes a flow of blood escaping from a part, the
+delicacy attached to the locality makes her reticent with regard to
+inquiry or exposure; she naturally becomes alarmed, and most likely
+attempts to stanch the flow by bathing or applying cold water to the
+part, thus doing incalculable mischief.
+
+This purely feminine physiological function should be well studied and
+understood by all females. At least, they should know that the
+phenomenon is a natural one, liable to disorder, and that the best
+interests of their general health demands care and prudence on their
+part to maintain regularity, etc., of the flow. Disregard of such a
+duty will surely entail much misery.
+
+
+                 DELAYED AND OBSTRUCTED MENSTRUATION.
+
+When the menses do not appear at the time when they may naturally be
+expected, we call it delayed or obstructed menstruation. It is,
+however, of great importance to know whether a girl is sufficiently
+developed to make it necessary for the menses to appear, although she
+may have reached the proper age. As long as the girl has not increased
+physically, if she has not become wider across the hips, if her
+breasts have not become enlarged, and if she experience none of the
+changes incident to this period, an effort to force nature is
+positively injurious. In this case a general treatment will be called
+for. She should be required to exercise freely in the open air, retire
+early to bed and rise at an early hour in the morning. She should not
+be allowed to be closely confined to school, if attending. Her diet
+should be generous but free from all rich food, which will disorder
+the stomach. If, however, she is fully developed, and she suffers from
+time to time from congestions of the head, breast or abdomen, it will
+be necessary to interfere. The following are symptoms which will
+generally be found in these cases: Headache, weight, fullness, and
+throbbing in the center of the cranium and in the back part of the
+head; pains in the back and loins; cold feet and hands, becoming
+sometimes very hot; skin harsh and dry; slow pulse, and not
+infrequently attended with epilepsy.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+It is well for the patient, a few days before the period, to take a
+warm hip bath or foot bath twice a day, and at night, when retiring,
+to apply cloths wet in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen.
+
+The bowels should be kept open by some mild catharsis, as castor oil
+or a pill of aloes. If there is pain and fullness of the head during
+the discharge, or before it, use the following:
+
+    Tincture of aconite leaves,          Two drams;
+    Tincture of belladonna,              One dram;
+    Tincture of cantharides,             One dram;
+    Morphia,                             Three grains;
+    Simple syrup,                        Quarter ounce.
+
+Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three times a day. If the pain is severe it
+may be taken every two hours.
+
+Between the monthly periods, if the system is weak, the following may
+be taken:
+
+    Precip. carbonate of iron,        Five drams;
+    Extract of conium,                Two drams;
+    Balsam Peru,                      One dram;
+    Alcohol,                          Four ounces;
+    Oil wintergreen,                  Twenty drops;
+    Simple syrup,                     Eight ounces.
+
+Dose: Two teaspoonfuls three times a day. Shake the mixture before
+using.
+
+
+                     CHLOROSIS, OR GREEN SICKNESS.
+
+This disease generally occurs in young unmarried females who are weak
+and delicate. It manifests itself about the age of puberty, and is
+accompanied by feeble appetite and digestion. There is no menstrual
+discharge, or else it is very slight.
+
+It is caused by innutritious food and residence in damp and
+ill-ventilated apartments. It may be hereditary, all the females of
+the family being liable to the same disease. Those who drink largely
+of tea, coffee, diluted acids, bad wines, and indulge in tight lacing;
+are predisposed to this disease. Among the exciting causes may be
+mentioned disturbing emotions, unrequited love, homesickness,
+depression of spirits, etc. When we take into consideration the fact
+that the cause of the disease is impoverishment of the blood, the
+treatment will not be difficult.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+Exercise freely in the open air; protect the body from chilliness with
+warm clothing and plenty of it. The patient should sleep on a mattress
+in a well-ventilated room. The diet should be nourishing without being
+stimulating. It is important that the habits should be regular, and
+the mind kept cheerful by society and innocent amusements. Before the
+medical treatment is commenced the exciting causes of the disease must
+be removed. A complete change must be made in the existence of the
+patient. If she is confined closely at school, she must be removed; if
+she is inclined to confine herself to the house, send her to the
+country. Picture to her the danger she is in by the continuance of
+such a life; give her plenty of outdoor exercise. The mental and moral
+causes are the most difficult to remove, but a change of scenery and
+new friends will do much towards it. For those who are shut up in
+factories, or who work all day in a stooping position, a change of
+employment must be made. A bath of tepid water in the morning,
+followed by a brisk rubbing, will be beneficial; also the frequent use
+of the sitting-bath, and the sponge bath in the evening. Active
+exercise should precede and follow all baths. During menstruation all
+applications of water should be omitted. The following remedies are
+recommended by a famous Philadelphian doctor. They are to be taken on
+alternate days; that is, take No. 1 one day, No. 2 the next day, etc.:
+
+No. 1.--Precip. carbonate of iron, five drams; extract of conium, two
+drams; balsam Peru, one dram; oil cinnamon, twenty drops; simple
+syrup, eight ounces; pulverized gum arabic, two drams. Mix. Dose: Two
+teaspoonfuls three times a day, every other day, after meals. Shake
+before using.
+
+No. 2.--Tincture of nux vomica, one dram; syrup iodide of iron, one
+ounce; simple syrup, four ounces. Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three
+times a day, every other day, after meals.
+
+Another treatment is as follows:
+
+Clear the bowels with the following mixture: Sulphate of magnesia, one
+ounce; nitrate of potash, ten grains; extract of liquorice, one
+scruple; compound infusion of senna, five and one-half ounces;
+tincture of jalap, three drams; spirit of sal volatile, one dram. Mix.
+Dose: Two or three tablespoonfuls at a time, at intervals of two hours
+until an effect is produced. This is to be followed by sulphate of
+iron, five grains; extract of gentian, ten grains. Make into three
+pills and take a pill twice a day, with the compound aloes or rhubarb
+pill every night.
+
+
+                   PROFUSE MENSTRUATION--MENORRHAGIA:
+
+By menorrhagia we understand an immoderate flow of the menses. There
+is no fixed amount of blood which is lost at the menstrual period, but
+it varies in different women. It will average, however, from four to
+eight ounces. The quantity discharged may be estimated by the number
+of napkins used. Each napkin will contain about half an ounce, or one
+tablespoonful, so that eight napkins would contain four ounces;
+twenty, ten ounces; etc. In some females the discharge may be
+excessive without impairment of the general health.
+
+Some females are predisposed to uterine hemorrhages, from a relaxed or
+flabby state of the texture of the uterus. Frequent childbearing,
+abortion, high living, too prolonged and frequent suckling, may induce
+flooding. Among the exciting causes we may mention overexertion,
+dancing, falls, lifting heavy weights, cold, and mental excitement.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The patient must lie down on a hard bed, and abstain from all
+stimulating food and drinks. The room should be cool and she should be
+lightly covered with bedclothes. Soak the feet in warm water, and if
+the flowing is excessive apply cloths wrung out in vinegar and water
+to the lower bowels. The hips must be elevated higher than the head.
+Only in extreme cases should plugging be resorted to. This may be
+done by pieces of linen, about four inches square, thrust into the
+vagina until it is full, and a bandage applied between the legs. Cold
+hip baths and vaginal injections of cold water will be beneficial when
+the hemorrhage is slight.
+
+Use also the following:
+
+    Diluted sulphuric acid,         Two drams;
+    Syrup of orange peel,           Two ounces;
+    Cinnamon water,                 One ounce.
+
+Mix. Dose: A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water two or three times
+a day.
+
+If there is much pain administer the following every two or three
+hours:
+
+    Morphia,             Quarter grain;
+    Cayenne,             Four grains;
+    Rosin,               Four grains.
+
+Mix. Give in blackberry syrup.
+
+
+          PAINFUL MENSTRUATION--MENSTRUAL COLIC--DYSMENORRHEA.
+
+Dysmenorrhea means a difficult monthly flow, and is always preceded by
+severe pains in the back and lower part of the abdomen. It is caused
+by taking cold during the period; fright, violent mental emotions,
+obstinate constipation, sedentary occupations, smallness of the mouth
+and neck of the womb. Females subject to this trouble are generally
+relieved by marriage. The symptoms are severe bearing-down pains in
+the region of the uterus, like labor pains; restlessness, coldness,
+flashes of heat, with headache; aching in the small of the back, lower
+part of the abdomen, and thighs; the discharge is scanty, and contains
+shreds of fiber and clotted blood.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The patient should immediately go to bed and cover up warmly.
+Stimulating food and drinks should be avoided. Use a warm foot bath
+and sitting-bath, with hot poultices of hops or cloths wet in hot
+water applied to the abdomen.
+
+In the interval of the menses, take active exercise, with a tepid hip
+bath three nights in the week, injecting some of the water high up in
+the vagina. Keep the bowels open by a pill of aloes and myrrh, and
+take a small teaspoonful of the volatile tincture of guiacum three
+times a day, in water. On the approach of the period, take the
+following at night:
+
+    Calomel,              Three grains;
+    Opium,                One grain.
+
+In the morning a dose of caster oil, and on the appearance of the
+menses, the Dover's Powder and mixture as before. Repeat this
+treatment, in each interval, until permanently relieved.
+
+The following is recommended by an eminent physician, to be taken a
+few days before the period:
+
+    Acetous tincture of colchicum,     Three drams;
+    Magnesia,                          One dram;
+    Sulphate of magnesia,              Three drams;
+    Distilled mint or cinnamon water,  Four ounces.
+
+Mix. Dose: A small wineglassful every two or three hours until it
+operates. This should be preceded the night before by a small dose of
+blue pill.
+
+
+                 SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES--AMENORRHOEA.
+
+By suppression is meant a disappearance of the menses after they have
+become established, and may be either acute or chronic. It is caused
+by cold caught during the flow, by exposure to night air or by wetting
+the feet; fear, shocks, violent mental emotions, anxiety, fevers and
+other acute diseases. Chronic suppression may be either a consequence
+of the acute, or caused by delicate health; also, from diseases of the
+ovaries or womb. It may also be occasioned by an imperforate hymen, in
+which case it must be cut open by a physician.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+When the suppression is caused by some disease in the system, that
+disease must be cured before the menses will return. For sudden
+suppression, use the warm sitting-bath or foot bath. Apply cloths wet
+in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen, and drink freely of
+warm water. If the suppression is chronic and the patient is delicate,
+in the interval between the menses use the shower or the full bath of
+cold or tepid water, rubbing the body briskly with a coarse towel,
+especially around the abdomen, loins, and genital organs.
+
+As soon as the discharge has ceased, a warm hip bath will generally
+bring it on. If there is much inflammation of the uterus give the
+following:
+
+    Tincture aconite leaves,          Two drams;
+    Sweet spirits of nitre,           One ounce;
+    Simple syrup,                     Three ounces.
+
+Dose: One teaspoonful every two or three hours.
+
+If the discharge cannot be brought on, wait until the next period. A
+few days before the term the bowels should be freely opened and kept
+open until the period for the discharge has arrived. A pill of aloes
+and iron is one of the best that can be given. Give from one to three
+pills daily. If there is no evident reason for the discharge not
+appearing, such as pregnancy, inflammation of the neck of the womb,
+and the woman is suffering from the suppression, use the following:
+
+    Caulophyllin,              One dram;
+    Extract aconite,           Eight grains;
+    Aloes,                     Ten grains;
+    Sulphate of iron,          Ten grains.
+
+Make into forty pills. Dose: Two or three pills, taken night and
+morning.
+
+The remedies should always be taken a few days before the period
+arrives for the menses. If the chronic suppression is the result of
+any acute disease, the health must first be re-established, otherwise
+it would be wrong to force the menses. When this has been done,
+immediately before the return of the period a warm hip bath should be
+taken every night for six nights, and one of the following pills taken
+three times a day:
+
+    Fresh powdered ergot of rye,      Fifty grains;
+    Barbadoes aloes,                  Twelve grains;
+    Essential oil of juniper,         Twelve drops.
+
+Make into twelve pills with syrup or mucilage, washing down each pill
+with a cupful of pennyroyal tea.
+
+
+                CESSATION OF THE MENSES--CHANGE OF LIFE.
+
+By the phrase, "change of life," or, the critical period, we
+understand the final cessation, or stoppage, of the menses. It usually
+takes place between the ages of forty and fifty, although in some
+cases it may occur as early as thirty, and in others not until sixty.
+However, we can expect the change about the forty-fifth year.
+
+The symptoms will vary according to the constitution of the woman. In
+some the change occurs by the discharge gradually diminishing in
+quantity; in others, by the intervals between the periods being
+lengthened. A woman may pass this period without having any more
+unpleasant symptoms than an occasional rush of blood to the head, or a
+headache. Others, however, may have very severe symptoms arise, which
+will require the care of an intelligent physician. These disagreeable
+sensations should receive a careful consideration and not be hushed up
+with the reply that these complaints arise from the "change of life"
+and will vanish whenever that change takes place. The foundation of
+serious trouble may be laid which will make the remainder of her
+existence a burden and cut short a life which might have been
+conducted to a good old age. While this change is in progress, in
+probably the majority of cases there is more or less disturbance of
+the health. It is sometimes quite impossible to say exactly what is
+the trouble with the patient, except that she is out of health. The
+following are some of the symptoms which may arise: Headache,
+dizziness, biliousness, sour stomach, indigestion, diarrhoea, piles,
+costiveness, itching of the private parts, cramp and colic of the
+bowels, palpitation of the heart, swelling of the limbs and abdomen,
+pains in the back and loins, paleness and general weakness.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+Eat and drink moderately; sleep in airy, well-ventilated rooms;
+exercise daily in the open air, either by walking or riding; avoid
+violent emotions; shun exposure to wet, stormy weather, wet feet, etc.
+
+Keep the bowels regulated with the following:
+
+Mercurial pill, one grain; ipecac powder, one-half grain; compound
+rhubarb pill, three grains. Mix for a pill to be taken every night.
+
+Or, one ounce of hicra picra, or powdered aloes with castella, mixed
+in a pint of gin, which should stand for four or five days, after
+which a tablespoonful in a glass of water may be taken every morning
+or second morning, as the case may be.
+
+If the patient is large and fleshy, of full habit, the following is
+recommended:
+
+Sulphate of magnesia, one and one-half ounces; compound infusion of
+roses, five ounces; cinnamon water, one ounce. Mix, Dose: Two
+tablespoonfuls once a day.
+
+If there are nervous symptoms prominent, give valerianate of zinc,
+eight grains; tincture of valerian, two drams; orange flower water,
+three and a half ounces; syrup of red poppies, two drams. Mix. Dose: A
+tablespoonful every six hours.
+
+
+                          FALLING OF THE WOMB
+
+                         _(Prolapsus uteri)._
+
+Falling of the womb is simply a sinking down of the organ, and may be
+so slight as not to be noticed or so great that the organ will
+protrude between the legs through the external opening. It is not a
+disease of the womb itself, but of some of its supports.
+
+So long as the vagina retains its natural size and the ligaments are
+but two and a half inches long the organ will not be displaced.
+Whatever tends to relax and weaken the system may cause the complaint.
+The muscles of the abdomen which support the intestines being weakened
+from any cause will allow the intestines to press down upon the womb
+and its ligaments, and, in consequence of this constant pressure, they
+give way. Another cause is too early exercise after childbearing.
+Flooding and leucorrhoea, or whites, if allowed to continue for a
+long time, will produce it; in delicate females, continued running up
+and down stairs, also tight lacing, dancing, leaping, and running,
+particularly during the period of menstruation, when the womb is
+increased in weight by the blood contained in it. The use of medicines
+to loosen the bowels, which is very common among many, is still
+another cause of the disorder.
+
+Most females who are troubled with falling of the womb think that it
+is necessary to a cure that they should wear some kind of a support to
+the abdomen. These supporters, however, do a vast amount of harm, for
+by being worn tightly around the abdomen they increase the pressure on
+the bowels, thus forcing down, more and more, the womb and its
+appendages. All that is necessary is to raise up the womb to its
+natural position, and use an instrument that will keep it in place.
+This instrument is called a pessary. This pessary is a ring or hollow
+cup-shaped globe, made of gold, silver, ivory, wood or gutta-percha,
+and is placed in the vagina or birthplace, thus supporting the womb.
+The cold hip bath should be used once a day, at the same time
+injecting cold water into the vagina with a syringe. Lie down as much
+as possible, and avoid becoming fatigued. Apply cold bandages to the
+abdomen on going to bed.
+
+If the womb has descended to the external orifice it is often
+necessary to restore it to its natural position by pressing it upward
+and backward by a finger or two pressed into the vagina. If the
+process be accompanied with pain, the vagina should be well washed by
+injections of thick flax seed or slippery elm bark tea for a day or
+two before the astringent washes are used.
+
+Avoid tight corsets and heavy skirts, suspend the under-garments from
+the shoulders and not from the waist, as is usually done. Use plain
+vegetable diet, and avoid tea, coffee, spirituous drinks, and all
+sensual indulgences. Allow the clothes to be loose. These things must
+be attended to closely. The diet should be plain and nourishing, but
+not stimulating.
+
+Use an injection of an infusion of white oak bark, geranium, or a
+solution of alum, in the proportion of one ounce to the pint of water.
+If there is inflammation of the womb, this must be subdued before
+using the pessary. Give tincture of aconite, compound powder of ipecac
+and opium, with injections of an infusion of hops and lobelia, or an
+infusion of belladonna.
+
+If there is heat and difficulty in passing water, drink an infusion of
+marsh mallow and spearmint. If the patient is weak, give the following
+tonic:
+
+Sulphate quinine, twenty-five grains; citrate of iron (soluble),
+thirty-five grains. Make into twenty-four powders. Take a powder three
+times a day, after each meal, in sweet wine.
+
+
+                    LEUCORRHOEA--WHITES--FLOUR ALBUS.
+
+The word leucorrhoea is derived from two Greek words, and means
+literally a "white discharge." It is also known as "flour albus,"
+"whites," and "female weakness," and consists of a "light colorless
+discharge from the genital organs, varying in hue from a whitish or
+colorless to a yellowish, light green, or to a slightly red or
+brownish; varying in consistency from a thin, watery, to a thick,
+tenacious, ropy substance; and in quantity from a slight increase in
+the healthy secretion to several ounces in the twenty-four hours."
+This discharge generally occurs between the ages of fifteen and
+forty-five, seldom during infancy or old age. When it occurs in young
+female children, it will not infrequently be produced by the presence
+of pinworms in the vagina, which make their way there from the rectum.
+There will be intense itching of the parts, and the worms can be
+removed with a small piece of cloth, after separating the lips.
+
+This disease may be either acute or chronic. The acute form generally
+results from taking cold, and is simply a catarrhal inflammation of
+the mucous membrane lining the vagina. The chronic form is but a
+continuation of the acute, and is generally caused by the acute stage
+having been neglected or improperly treated. Ulceration of the neck of
+the womb sometimes results. There are two forms of leucorrhoea:
+Vaginal leucorrhoea, when the discharge comes from the walls of the
+vagina; and cervical leucorrhoea, when the discharge proceeds from
+the neck of the womb.
+
+Causes: Taking cold from sitting on the ground, or exposure of the
+neck and shoulders; over sexual excitement, and sexual intercourse;
+tight lacing; piles, miscarriages, and abortions; displacements of the
+womb; purgatives, improper articles of diet; warm injections, or
+injections of any kind; late hours, etc. It may also be hereditary.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The treatment, to be successful, requires that the patient should
+first be placed in a favorable condition. Anything which tends to
+excite the disease must be avoided, as dissipations, late suppers,
+etc. The diet must be plain and nourishing without being stimulating,
+and be taken regularly. Exercise, short of fatigue, will be
+beneficial. The clothing should be warm and worn loosely, especially
+about the waist. Water is of great importance in the treatment of this
+trouble. The sitting-bath may be used every day, and injections of
+cold or tepid water should be used three or four times a day,
+according to the severity of the discharge.
+
+An injection of weak green tea will be found good in some mild cases,
+as also sweet cider or a weak solution of alum.
+
+One of the best tonics is the muriated tincture of iron, of which take
+twenty or twenty-five drops in half a tumbler of water three or four
+times a day. An excellent injection is made by taking three drams of
+tannic acid and an ounce of alum, dissolving in a quart of water, and
+inject one-third three times a day. The bowels should be kept open by
+Rochelle or Epsom salts, or seidlitz powder. When there is great
+debility of the organs, or when the disease has been brought on by
+exposure to cold, pregnancy, abortions, etc., the following will be
+found very successful:
+
+Tincture of aloes, two ounces; muriated tincture of iron, four drams.
+Mix. Dose: Thirty-five drops in water three times a day. At the same
+time use the following injection: Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol),
+two drams; sugar of lead, two drams. Mix in one quart of water, and
+use one-fourth for each injection.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER X.
+
+               COLLECTION OF VALUABLE MEDICAL COMPOUNDS.
+
+
+Do you have--
+    A frequent headache over the eyes?
+    A susceptibility to chills and fever?
+    A bitter or oily taste in the mouth?
+    A sour stomach?
+    A complexion inclined to be yellow?
+    A great depression of spirits without known cause?
+    Specks before the eyes, and flushed face?
+    A done out, tired feeling?
+
+Besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have you
+are affected in your liver and kidneys, and should do something for
+it. The following preparation, "Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer," acts
+on these organs and, when diseased or out of order, restores them to a
+healthy state. Everyone should keep a bottle of this preparation in
+the house, as it is an invaluable medicine. Splendid to take in the
+spring to tone up the system:
+
+
+                   MAGIC KIDNEY AND LIVER RESTORER.
+
+    Two ounces of alcohol;
+    One and a half ounces of glycerine;
+    One ounce of liverwort;
+    Three hundred and twenty grains of saltpetre;
+    Forty drops of wintergreen.
+
+Steep the liverwort in a quart of water down to half the quantity,
+then throw in the other ingredients while hot. Dose: One tablespoonful
+about four times a day.
+
+
+                             HOP BITTERS.
+
+    One ounce mandrake root;
+    One ounce gentian root;
+    One ounce dandelion root;
+    One ounce buchu leaf;
+    One ounce sarsaparilla leaf;
+    One ounce blackberry leaf;
+    One ounce hops.
+
+Infuse in cold water, three quarts, two or three days. Add a pint of
+whisky, and bottle. Dose: A teaspoonful three times a day.
+
+
+                     ALTERATIVE, OR LIVER POWDER.
+
+Take podophyllin and sanguinaria, of each ten grains; leptandrin,
+twenty grains; white sugar, forty grains. Triturate or rub the whole
+well together in a mortar and divide into twenty powders, and take one
+night and morning. If they operate much on the bowels take but one a
+day.
+
+_Uses:_ Valuable in liver complaint, torpidity of the liver, and as an
+alterative to act on the secretions of the system generally. A
+complete substitute for blue pill and free from any danger.
+
+
+                    HEPATIC AND ALTERATIVE POWDER.
+
+Take equal parts, say of each half an ounce, of finely powdered blue
+flag root, bloodroot, May apple root, golden seal root, and
+bitterroot. Mix all together and pass through a fine sieve. Dose: As
+an alterative and to act on the liver and secretions, from two to five
+grains two or three times a day.
+
+
+                      CATHARTIC AND LIVER PILLS.
+
+Take podophyllin, sixty grains; leptandrin and sanguinaria, ipecac and
+pure cayenne, each thirty grains. Make into sixty pills with a little
+soft extract of mandrake or dandelion. This is the best pill that can
+be used as a cathartic and liver pill and to act on the secretions
+generally. As a purgative the dose is from two to four pills for a
+grown person, and as an alterative and substitute for blue mass and to
+act on the liver, one pill once a day or every other day.
+
+
+                         ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILLS.
+
+Take Socotrine aloes, two drams; colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb, and
+castile soap, each one dram; cayenne, thirty grains; oil cloves,
+thirty drops. Make into one hundred and twenty pills with extract of
+gentian or dandelion. Dose: For dyspepsia, inactive liver or
+costiveness, one or two pills once a day; as a cathartic, three to
+five pills at a dose. This is a splendid pill. It cleanses the
+stomach, gives tone and energy to the digestive organs, restores the
+appetite, excites the liver and other secretory organs, without
+causing any debility.
+
+
+                     ANOTHER ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILL.
+
+Take Quevenne's powdered metallic iron, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty
+grains; extract of nux vomica, one grain. Triturate well in a small
+mortar, so as to mix them perfectly, and make into twenty pills with
+extract of boneset or gentian. Take one pill before each meal. This is
+one of the best anti-dyspeptic pills known.
+
+
+                            DYSPEPTIC LEY.
+
+Take hickory ashes, one pint; soot, three or four ounces; boiling
+water, two quarts. Pour on in a suitable vessel or crock, stir, and
+let stand, over night, then pour off clear and bottle. Dose: Half a
+teacupful three times a day, and if too strong weaken with water until
+palatable. A sure remedy for dyspepsia.
+
+
+                              AGUE PILLS.
+
+Take quinine, twenty grains; piperine, ten grains; Dover's Powder, ten
+grains; cayenne, ten grains. Mix, pulverize, and make into twenty
+pills with a little gum arabic or extract of gentian or boneset. To be
+taken at the rate of one pill an hour when there is no fever, or
+during intermission, until twelve pills are taken, the balance to be
+taken on the third day or next well day. Good as a remedy for the
+chills or fever and ague.
+
+
+          CERTAIN REMEDY FOR THE AGUE OR INTERMITTENT FEVER.
+
+Take quinine, twelve grains; ipecac and cayenne, of each six grains;
+pulverized opium, three grains. Make into twelve pills with
+precipitated extract of Peruvian bark, or if you cannot get this, use
+either extract of dogwood or boneset, sufficient to form into pill
+mass. Two or three pills to be taken every two or three hours, during
+the well day or intermission, till all are taken. A very certain and
+effectual remedy for the ague or intermittent fever.
+
+
+                             FEVER POWDER.
+
+Take finely pulverized gum myrrh, bloodroot, and lobelia seed, or
+ipecac, of each half an ounce; gum camphor and nitre, of each two
+drams. Pulverize, mix, and rub well together in a mortar, and bottle
+for use. Dose: Three to five grains every hour of two during fever.
+Good to allay the excitement, act on the skin and promote
+perspiration; also a good expectorant powder in coughs, colds,
+pneumonia, and oppressed breathing.
+
+
+                              AGUE DROPS.
+
+Take quinine, twenty grains; water, one ounce; sulphuric acid, twenty
+drops. Mix in a vial. Dose: A teaspoonful every hour or every two
+hours during the well day till all is taken. A certain cure for the
+ague, or chills and fever.
+
+
+                         SICK HEADACHE PILLS.
+
+Take Socotrine aloes, gamboge, and castile soap, of each one dram;
+ipecac and scammony, of each thirty grains; oil of anise, thirty
+drops. Make into sixty pills with a little mucilage, gum arabic or
+extract dandelion. Dose: One to three pills. Useful in sick headache,
+habitual costiveness, dizziness, sour stomach, and indigestion, and
+may be used whenever a good vegetable cathartic is needed. For an
+attack of headache, take three pills, and repeat in three hours if the
+first does not operate. Will invariably give relief.
+
+
+                        ANODYNE HEADACHE PILLS.
+
+Take extract of hyoscyamus, thirty grains; extract stramonium, ten
+grains; quinine, twenty grains; morphine, two grains. Mix well and
+make into twenty pills, adding a little powdered liquorice root, or
+any other innocent powder, if necessary, to thicken the mass. The
+pills are one of the best remedies known for nervous headache,
+neuralgia in the face or head, toothache and nervous and neuralgic
+pains in any part of the system, that I have ever used. Dose: One
+pill, for a grown person, and may be repeated every two or three hours
+till relief is obtained. The extract of belladonna may be used instead
+of the stramonium, in the same proportion, with equally good effect.
+
+
+                           RHEUMATIC PILLS.
+
+Take jalap, colchicum seeds, and gum guaiac, of each one dram.
+Pulverize and mix veil, and make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root (or berries). The dose is one or two pills three or four times a
+day. Good in all cases of chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, and
+the like.
+
+
+                           ANOTHER FOR SAME.
+
+Take macrotin and pulverized gum guaiac, of each one dram;
+podophyllin, ten grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root. Dose: One pill two or three times a day. An excellent pill for
+rheumatism and neuralgia.
+
+
+                         PILLS FOR DYSENTERY.
+
+Take rhubarb, ipecac, and castile soap, each thirty grains; pulverized
+opium, fifteen grains. Make into thirty pills with mucilage, gum
+arabic, or any other suitable substance. Dose: One pill every three to
+six hours for diarrhoea and dysentery. After three or four are taken
+they should not be taken oftener than once in six hours.
+
+
+                           ANOTHER FOR SAME.
+
+Take leptandrin, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty grains; morphine, four
+grains. Mix, and triturate well in a mortar so as to mix perfectly,
+and make into twenty pills with mucilage of gum arabic. Dose: In
+dysentery and diarrhoea, one pill every six to twelve hours. Two or
+three pills are generally sufficient to cure any ordinary case, if
+given during the early stage. They may be relied on in all cases and
+stages of bowel diseases, and especially in dysentery. A second pill
+may be given three hours after the first, a third six hours after the
+second; after that not oftener than once in twelve hours, and never
+more than one pill at a time.
+
+
+                           EPILEPTIC PILLS.
+
+Take sulphate of zinc, sixty grains; rhubarb and ipecac, each thirty
+grains; cayenne, sixty grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of
+hyoscyamus. Dose: One pill night and morning for one week, then leave
+off for a week, and then resume again, and so on every other week. An
+important remedy, and has cured many cases of epileptic fits when
+taken in the early stages.
+
+
+                           PILLS FOR ASTHMA.
+
+Take powdered elecampane root, powdered liquorice root, powdered anise
+seed, and sulphur, of each one dram. Make into ordinary sized pills
+with a sufficient quantity of tar, and take three or four pills at
+night on going to bed. This is an admirable remedy for asthma and
+shortness of breath.
+
+
+                            HYSTERIC PILLS.
+
+Take asafoetida and carbonate of ammonia, of each one dram;
+pulverized opium and macrotin, of each thirty grains. Melt the first
+two articles over the fire, and then stir in the others. Mix well and
+make into sixty pills. Dose: One or two pills, in cases of hysteric
+fits, every two or three hours; also good in female nervous attacks
+and spasmodic affections.
+
+
+                     PILLS FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.
+
+Take pulverized skunk cabbage root, two drams; pulverized extract of
+liquorice, one dram; sanguinaria and macrotin, of each thirty grains.
+Make into large sized pills (say from eighty to one hundred) with a
+sufficient quantity of tar, and take one pill from three to six times
+a day, and continue for several weeks if necessary. One of the best
+remedies known for chronic bronchitis, and what is sometimes called
+"clergyman's sore throat."
+
+
+                         PILLS FOR NEURALGIA.
+
+Hyoscyamus, extract of, one dram; extract of aconite, thirty grains;
+macrotin, twenty grains; morphine, five grains. Make into forty pills,
+thickening the mass, if necessary, with a little powdered liquorice or
+ginger. Dose: One pill every three hours till relief is obtained. Good
+in neuralgia and all severe nervous pains.
+
+
+                        BLEEDING AT THE LUNGS.
+
+Eat freely of raw table salt, or take a teaspoonful three or four
+times a day of equal parts of powdered loaf sugar and rosin, or boil
+an ounce of dried yellow dock root in a pint of milk. Take a cupful
+two or three times a day.
+
+
+                           FOR CONSUMPTION.
+
+Take a teaspoonful of the expressed juice of horehound (the herb) and
+mix it with a gill of new milk. Drink it warm every morning. If
+persevered in it will perform wonders.
+
+
+                             COUGH SYRUP.
+
+Take horehound herb, elecampane root, spikenard root, ginseng root,
+black cohosh, and skunk cabbage root, of each a good-sized handful.
+Bruise and cover with spirits or whisky, and let stand ten days; then
+put all in a suitable vessel, add about four quarts of water and
+simmer slowly over a fire (but don't boil) for twelve hours, or till
+reduced to about three pints, then strain and add one pint of strained
+honey, half a pint each of number six, tincture lobelia, and tincture
+bloodroot (the vinegar or acetic tincture of bloodroot is the best)
+and four ounces of strong essence of anise, and you will have one of
+the best cough syrups known. Dose: A tablespoonful three to six times
+a day, according to circumstances. Good in all kinds of coughs and
+incipient consumption.
+
+
+                        SOOTHING COUGH MIXTURE.
+
+Take mucilage of gum arabic, oil of sweet almonds, syrup of balsam
+tolu, and wine of ipecac, of each one ounce; tincture of opium, half
+an ounce. Dose: For a grown person, one to two teaspoonfuls as often
+as required.
+
+
+                            COUGH MIXTURE.
+
+Take extract of liquorice, one ounce, powdered; nitrate of potash
+(saltpetre) and muriate of ammonia, of each two drams. Dissolve in
+half a pint of boiling water, and when cool add wine of ipecac, syrup
+of balsam tolu, and essence of anise, of each one ounce. Dose: From a
+teaspoonful to a tablespoonful several times a day. An excellent
+remedy for bronchitis, colds, and catarrhal coughs.
+
+
+                         EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.
+
+Take pulverized lobelia (seed or herb), powdered bloodroot, and
+powdered rattleroot (black cohosh), of each three ounces; alcohol and
+good vinegar, of each one pint. Digest for ten days or two weeks, then
+strain or filter and add four ounces each of wine of ipecac and
+tincture balsam of tolu and one ounce strong essence of anise. A
+portion of honey may be added if preferred. Dose: One to two
+teaspoonfuls repeated as often as circumstances require. Highly useful
+as an expectorant in coughs, colds, and all affections of the lungs.
+
+
+                      COMPOUND TINCTURE OF MYRRH.
+
+Take best gum myrrh, eight ounces; cayenne, balsam of fir, and
+nutmegs, of each one ounce; good brandy, two quarts. Bruise the solid
+articles, and let stand two weeks to digest (shake it once or twice
+every day), then strain or filter. Or, it may be made for immediate
+use by putting the whole in a stone jug and placing this in a warm
+sand bath or in a vessel of boiling water for twenty-four hours,
+shaking frequently. Dose: A teaspoonful is an ordinary dose for a
+grown person. Good in colic, pains in the stomach and bowels,
+diarrhoea, headache, sick stomach, and wherever a powerful stimulant
+is indicated. It is also valuable as a wash or external application
+for sprains, bruises, and foul ulcers and old sores. It is a
+preparation that no family should be without.
+
+
+                   SURE REMEDY FOR BOWEL COMPLAINTS.
+
+Take half an ounce bruised turkey rhubarb and half an ounce saleratus,
+steep or simmer slowly for fifteen minutes in a pint of water, strain
+and add a teacupful of white sugar, and heat again to dissolve; then
+add sixty drops oil of peppermint dissolved in one ounce of alcohol.
+Dose: From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every hour till relieved.
+An excellent remedy for diarrhoea, dysentery, and especially adapted
+to the bowel complaints of young children.
+
+
+                    CORDIAL FOR SUMMER COMPLAINTS.
+
+Take cloves, allspice, and cinnamon bark, of each half an ounce; white
+oak bark, one ounce. Bruise all, and boil in one quart of water down
+to half a pint; strain, add four ounces white sugar, dissolve by
+melting, then add half as much good brandy as there is of the liquid.
+Dose: One, two or three teaspoonfuls three to six times a day or
+oftener, according to age and urgency of symptoms. An infallible cure
+for cholera infantum, or summer complaints of children, and for all
+bowel complaints.
+
+
+                           SCROFULOUS SYRUP.
+
+Take yellow dock root, two pounds; stillingia root and bark of
+bittersweet root, of each one pound. Boil slowly in three or four
+gallons of water down to three quarts; strain, and add six pounds of
+white sugar. Dose: Half a wineglass three times a day. A valuable
+remedy for scrofula, and all scrofulous skin diseases, as tetter,
+herpes, leprosy, and the like; also a valuable alterative in all
+constitutional diseases.
+
+
+                               EYEWATER.
+
+Take half an ounce each of green tea and lobelia herb, and tincture a
+few days in four ounces of alcohol and water, equal parts. An
+invaluable eyewater for weak eyes and all kinds of sore and inflamed
+eyes. Use it two or three times a day.
+
+
+                       TINCTURE FOR RHEUMATISM.
+
+Take pulverized gum guaiac and allspice, of each four ounces;
+bloodroot, pulverized, two ounces; pearlash, one ounce; fourth proof
+brandy, one quart. Let stand and digest three or four days, shaking it
+two or three times a day. Dose: A teaspoonful three or four times a
+day, in a little milk, syrup or wine. An almost infallible remedy for
+rheumatism.
+
+
+                             WORM ELIXIR.
+
+Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage leaves, and
+tansy leaves, of each half an ounce. Tincture in a pint of brandy for
+two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to once a
+month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms as long
+as you do this.
+
+
+                     DR. JORDAN'S CHOLERA REMEDY.
+
+Take gum guaiac, prickly ash berries (or double as much bark of the
+root), cloves, and cinnamon bark, of each two ounces; gum camphor and
+gum myrrh, of each one ounce; gum kino, half an ounce. Reduce all to a
+coarse powder and add to one quart of best French brandy. Let it stand
+ten days or two weeks to digest, shaking the bottle two or three times
+a day to keep the ingredients from becoming impacted at the bottom;
+then strain and press out, and then take oil anise and oil peppermint,
+of each two drams; alcohol, four ounces. Mix the oils and alcohol
+together in a bottle and shake well till they are cut, then add to the
+former, and it is ready for use. Dose: From one to two teaspoonfuls
+every five, ten, fifteen or thirty minutes, according to the urgency
+of the symptoms. In cholera it should be given frequently, and if
+there are nausea and vomiting small doses are preferable; a single
+teaspoonful every five minutes till urgent symptoms are checked, then
+give it less frequently. It should always be given alone, unmixed with
+anything else. In ordinary diarrhoea, one or two teaspoonfuls taken
+once an hour will be sufficient. It is also an excellent remedy for
+colic and pains in the stomach and bowels, and will generally settle
+the stomach very soon in case of vomiting or nausea. It should always
+be kept in the house. Where it is needed for immediate use, it may be
+made in an hour or less by using alcohol instead of brandy and by
+boiling all in a stone jug, uncorked, by placing the jug in a vessel
+of boiling water, shaking or stirring frequently.
+
+
+                            PILE OINTMENT.
+
+Take say a teacupful of hog's lard, put in a flat or pewter dish, and
+take two bars of lead, flattened a little, and rub the lard with the
+flat ends and between them till it becomes black or of a dark lead
+color. Then burn equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old shoeleather
+in an iron vessel till charred. Powder these and mix into the lard
+till it becomes a thick ointment. Use once or twice a day as an
+ointment for the piles. An infallible cure.
+
+
+                           WARTS AND CORNS.
+
+The bark of the common willow burnt to ashes, mixed with strong
+vinegar and applied to the parts, will remove all warts, corns, and
+other excrescences.
+
+
+                               DEAFNESS.
+
+It is seldom that the power of hearing once entirely lost can ever be
+restored, and not always that even partial deafness can be cured,
+though it may often be relieved. Partial deafness is frequently owing
+to the accumulation and hardening in the ear of the ear wax, which may
+generally be remedied by dropping into the ear such articles as are
+calculated to soften, relax, and stimulate. For this purpose the
+following preparations are recommended as the best:
+
+Take sulphuric ether, one ounce, and add to it one dram pulverized
+carbonate of ammonia. Let it stand a few days to form a solution. If
+it does not all dissolve, pour off carefully the liquid from the
+dregs, and of this liquid drop into the ear once a day from three to
+six drops. The patient should lay his head upon the opposite side at
+the time, and remain in that position a few minutes to allow the
+liquid to penetrate. This preparation is highly recommended, and if
+persevered in will, it is said, overcome almost any partial deafness
+or greatly relieve it.
+
+
+                               ANOTHER.
+
+Take pure olive oil, say one ounce, and half an ounce each of the
+tincture of lobelia and tincture of cayenne. Mix; and from a warm
+teaspoon drop into the ear four to six drops of this twice a day,
+shaking the vial well always before using it. This is relaxing,
+softening, and stimulating, and in all ordinary cases will answer the
+purpose. Turkey oil (or grease) is said to be still better than olive
+oil and may be used instead of it in this preparation. The following
+remedy, long kept a secret, is said to be infallible where it is
+possible for anything to effect a cure:
+
+Take a common eel, remove the skin and intestines, and hang it up
+before the fire and let the oil drip into a pan or vessel. When done
+dripping, bottle the oil, and of this drop into the ear once a day or
+twice a day five or six drops from a warm teaspoon. I have heard
+remarkable accounts of the efficacy of this remedy, and doubt not but
+it is good. I believe it has never been published but once before. The
+secret was obtained with some difficulty from an old negro.
+
+
+                          INVERTED TOE-NAIL.
+
+This is a very troublesome and often painful affection. The edges or
+sides of the nail are disposed to turn down and grow into the flesh,
+giving rise to inflammation, ulceration, and often great pain and
+suffering. The best remedy I have ever known in this difficulty is to
+scrape with some sharp-pointed instrument, as the point of a penknife,
+a sort of groove or gutter in the center of the nail lengthways from
+the root to the end. It must be scraped down to near the quick, or as
+thin as it can be borne. This renders the nail "weak in the back," so
+that it will gradually and ultimately turn up at the sides until the
+edges come above and over the flesh. Continue this as fast as the nail
+grows out and grows thicker, and you will eventually succeed in
+getting the nail in its proper shape and position. It will be proper
+to poultice if there is much inflammation, and also apply healing
+salve. If ulceration, bathe the part also occasionally with tinctures
+aloes, myrrh, and opium, equal parts mixed.--_Gunn's Domestic
+Physician._
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+
+                       THINGS FOR THE SICK ROOM.
+
+
+Many people are ignorant of what constitutes good, nourishing,
+refreshing food and drink for sick people. The following dishes are
+all palatable and nourishing, and are very refreshing to an invalid.
+Every one should have these recipes for "Things for the sick room":
+
+
+                             BARLEY WATER.
+
+Pearl barley, two ounces; boiling water, two quarts. Boil to one
+quart, and strain. If desirable, a little lemon juice and sugar may be
+added. This may be taken freely in all inflammatory and eruptive
+diseases: measles, scarlet fever, small-pox, etc.
+
+
+                              RICE WATER.
+
+Rice, two ounces; water, two quarts. Boil one hour and a half, and add
+sugar and nutmeg to suit the taste. When milk is added to this it
+makes a very excellent diet for children. Should the bowels be too
+loose, boil the milk before adding.
+
+
+                               SAGE TEA.
+
+Dried leaves of sage, half an ounce; boiling water, one quart. Infuse
+for half an hour, and strain. May add sugar if desired. Balm,
+peppermint, spearmint, and other teas are made in the same way.
+
+
+                     A REFRESHING DRINK IN FEVERS.
+
+Boil one ounce and a half of tamarind, two ounces of stoned raisins,
+and three ounces of cranberries in three pints of water until two
+pints remain. Strain, and add a small piece of fresh lemon peel, which
+must be removed in half an hour.
+
+
+                           ARROWROOT JELLY.
+
+Stir a tablespoonful of arrowroot powders into half a cupful of cold
+water, pour in a pint of boiling water, let it stand five or ten
+minutes and then sweeten and flavor it to suit the taste.
+
+
+                           IRISH MOSS JELLY.
+
+Irish moss, half an ounce; fresh milk, one and a half pints. Boil down
+to one pint. Strain, and add sugar and lemon juice sufficient to give
+it an agreeable flavor.
+
+
+                           ISINGLASS JELLY.
+
+Isinglass, two ounces; water, two pints. Boil to one pint; strain, and
+add one pint milk and one ounce of white sugar. This is excellent for
+persons recovering from sickness, and for children who have bowel
+complaints.
+
+
+                            TAPIOCA JELLY.
+
+Tapioca, two large spoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently for an
+hour, or until it appears like a jelly. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg,
+with lemon juice to flavor.
+
+
+                              RICE JELLY.
+
+Mix a quarter of a pound of rice, picked and washed, with half a pound
+of loaf sugar and just sufficient water to cover it. Boil until it
+assumes a jellylike appearance; strain, and season to suit the taste
+and condition of the patient.
+
+
+                                GRAPES.
+
+In all cases of fever, very ripe grapes of any kind are a beneficial
+article of diet, acting as both food and drink and possessing soothing
+and cooling qualities. They are also extremely grateful to every
+palate.
+
+
+                                TOAST.
+
+To make a most excellent toast for a reduced or convalescent patient,
+take bread twenty-four or thirty-six hours old, which has been made of
+a mixture of fine wheat flour and Indian meal and a pure yeast batter
+mixed with eggs. Toast it until of a delicate brown, and then (if the
+patient be not inclined to fever) immerse it in boiled milk and
+butter. If the patient be feverish, spread it lightly with cranberry
+jam or calves' foot jelly.
+
+
+                                 RICE.
+
+In all cases where a light and nice diet for patients who have been or
+are afflicted with diarrhoea or dysentery is required, rice, in
+almost any cooked form, is most agreeable and advantageous. It may be
+given with benefit to dyspeptics, unless costiveness accompanies the
+dyspepsia. To make rice pudding, take a teacupful of rice, and as much
+sugar, two quarts of milk, and a teaspoonful of salt. Bake, with a
+moderate heat, for two hours. Rice flour made in a batter and baked
+upon a griddle makes a superb cake; and rice-flour gruel, seasoned to
+the taste, is most excellent for the sick room.
+
+
+                             BREAD JELLY.
+
+Boil a quart of water and let it cool. Take one-third of a common loaf
+of wheat bread, slice it, pare off the crust, and toast it to a light
+brown. Put it in water in a covered vessel and boil gently till you
+find, on putting some in a spoon to cool, the liquid has become a
+jelly. Strain and cool. When used, warm a cupful, sweeten with sugar,
+and add a little grated lemon peel.
+
+
+                              RICE GRUEL.
+
+Ground rice, one heaping tablespoonful; water, one quart. Boil gently
+for twenty minutes, adding, a few minutes before it is done, one
+tablespoonful of ground cinnamon. Strain and sweeten. Wine may be
+added when the case demands it.
+
+
+                             WATER GRUEL.
+
+Oat or corn meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil for ten
+minutes and strain, adding salt and sugar if desired by the patient.
+
+
+                              SAGO GRUEL.
+
+Sago, two tablespoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently until it
+thickens; stir frequently. May add wine, sugar, and nutmeg, according
+to taste.
+
+
+                           ARROWROOT GRUEL.
+
+Arrowroot, one tablespoonful; sweet milk and boiling water, each one
+half pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. This is very good for children
+whose bowels are irritable.
+
+
+                               TAPIOCA.
+
+Tapioca is a very delightful food for invalids. Make an ordinary
+pudding of it, and improve the flavor agreeably to the desire of the
+patient or convalescent by adding raisins, sugar, prunes, lemon juice,
+wine, spices, etc.
+
+
+                             BEEF LIQUID.
+
+When the stomach is very weak, take fresh lean beef, cut it into
+strips and place the strips into a bottle with a little salt; place in
+a kettle of boiling water and let it remain one hour; pour off the
+liquid and add some water. Begin with a small quantity, and use in the
+same manner and under similar circumstances as beef tea. This is even
+more nourishing than beef tea.
+
+
+                               BEEF TEA.
+
+Cut one pound of lean beef into shreds, and boil for twenty minutes in
+one quart of water, being particular to remove the scum as often as
+any rises. When it is cool, strain. This is very nourishing and
+palatable, and is of great value in all cases of extreme debility
+where no inflammatory action exists, or after the inflammation is
+subdued. In very low cases a small teaspoonful may be administered
+every fifteen or twenty minutes, gradually increasing the amount given
+as the powers of life return. In cases of complete prostration, after
+the cessation of long exhausting fever it may be used as directed
+above, either alone or in conjunction with a little wine.
+
+
+                                PANADO.
+
+Put a little water on the fire, with a glass of wine, some sugar, and
+a little grated nutmeg; boil all together a few seconds, and add
+pounded cracker or crumbs of bread, and boil again for a few minutes.
+
+
+                         FRENCH MILK PORRIDGE.
+
+Stir some oatmeal and water together; let the mixture stand to clear,
+and pour off the water. Then put more water to the meal; stir it well,
+and let it stand till the next day. Strain through a fine sieve, and
+boil the water, adding milk while so doing. The proportion of water
+must be small. With toast this is admirable.
+
+
+                             COFFEE MILK.
+
+Put a dessertspoonful of ground coffee into a pint of milk; boil a
+quarter of an hour, with a shaving or two of isinglass; let it stand
+ten minutes, and then pour off.
+
+
+                          RESTORATIVE JELLY.
+
+Take a leg of well-fed pork just as cut up, beat it and break the
+bone; set it over a gentle fire, with three gallons of water and
+simmer to one. Let half an ounce of mace and the same of nutmeg stew
+in it. Strain through a fine sieve. When cold, take off the fat. Give
+a coffee cup of this three times a day, adding salt to the taste. This
+is very valuable in all cases of debility where animal food is
+admissible.
+
+
+                          DRINK IN DYSENTERY.
+
+Sheep's suet, two ounces; milk, one pint; starch, half an ounce. Boil
+gently for thirty minutes. Use as a common drink. This is excellent
+for sustaining the strength in bad cases of dysentery.
+
+
+                             CRUST COFFEE.
+
+Toast slowly a thick piece of bread cut from the outside of a loaf
+until it is well browned, but not blackened; then turn upon it boiling
+water of a sufficient quantity, and keep it from half an hour to an
+hour before using. Be sure that the liquid is of a rich brown color
+before you use it. It is a most excellent drink in all cases of
+sickness.
+
+
+                           CRANBERRY WATER.
+
+Put a teaspoonful of cranberries into a cup of water and mash them. In
+the meantime boil two quarts of water with one large spoonful of corn
+or oat meal and a bit of lemon peel; then add the cranberries and as
+much fine sugar as will leave a smart flavor of the fruit; also a
+wineglassful of sherry. Boil the whole gently for a quarter of an
+hour, then strain.
+
+
+                              WINE WHEY.
+
+Heat a pint of new milk until it boils, at which moment pour in as
+much good wine as will curdle and clarify it. Boil and set it aside
+until the curd subsides. Do not stir it, but pour the whey off
+carefully, and add two pints of boiling water with loaf sugar.
+
+
+                             ORANGE WHEY.
+
+Milk, one pint; the juice of an orange with a portion of the peel.
+Boil the milk, then put the orange into it and let it stand till it
+coagulates. Strain.
+
+
+                             MUSTARD WHEY.
+
+Bruised mustard seed, two tablespoonfuls; milk, one quart. Boil
+together for a few minutes until it coagulates, and strain to separate
+the curd. This is a very useful drink in dropsy. A teacupful may be
+taken at a dose, three times a day.
+
+
+                            CHICKEN BROTH.
+
+Take half a chicken, divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to
+this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Season with
+salt.
+
+
+                            VEGETABLE SOUP.
+
+Take one potato, one turnip and one onion, with a little celery or
+celery seed. Slice, and boil for an hour in one quart of water. Salt
+to the taste, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This forms
+a good substitute for animal food and may be used when the latter
+would be improper.
+
+
+                          CALVES'-FOOT JELLY.
+
+Boil two calf's feet in one gallon of water until reduced to one
+quart. Strain, and when cool skim carefully. Add the white of six or
+eight eggs, well beaten; a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar,
+and the juice of four lemons. Mix them well, boil for a few minutes,
+stirring constantly, and pass through a flannel strainer. In some
+cases the wine should be omitted.
+
+
+                          SLIPPERY ELM JELLY.
+
+Take of the flour of slippery elm, one or two tablespoonfuls; cold
+water, one pint. Stir until a jelly is formed. Sweeten with loaf sugar
+or honey. This is excellent for all diseases of the throat, chest, and
+lungs; coughs, colds, bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, etc. It
+is very nutritious and soothing.
+
+
+                           NUTRITIVE FLUIDS.
+
+Following will be found directions for preparing three nutritious
+fluids, which are of great value in all diseases, either acute or
+chronic, that are attended or followed by prostration; debility,
+whether general or of certain organs only; derangement of the
+digestive organs, weak stomach, indigestion, heartburn or sour
+stomach, constipated bowels, torpidity or want of activity of the
+liver, thin or poor blood. These fluids are highly nutritious,
+supplying to the blood, in such a form that they are most easily
+assimilated, the various elements which are needed to enrich it and
+thus enable it to reproduce the various tissues of the body that have
+been wasted by disease. In cases where the stomach has become so
+weakened and sensitive that the lightest food or drinks cannot be
+taken without causing much uneasiness and distress these fluids are
+invaluable. They strengthen the stomach and neutralize all undue
+acidity, while at the same time they soothe the irritation by their
+bland and demulcent qualities. When carefully and properly prepared,
+according to the directions following, they very nearly resemble rich
+new milk in color and consistency, while their taste is remarkably
+pleasant. Care should be taken that all the ingredients are of the
+best quality. Soft water must be used in all cases. Fresh rain water
+is to be preferred, but spring water may be used if perfectly soft.
+Hard water will cause the fluids to be of a yellow color, and if the
+milk is old they are apt to separate:
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 1.
+
+Put a pint of new milk (the fresher the better) and two pints of soft
+water, in a vessel perfectly free from all greasy matter, over a slow
+fire. Rub two even teaspoonfuls of superfine wheat flour and two
+teaspoonfuls of carbonate of magnesia, together with a little milk,
+into a soft batter, free from lumps; add this to the milk and water as
+soon as they begin to boil. Boil gently for five minutes--_no
+longer_--stirring constantly. Pour into an earthen or glass dish to
+cool, adding at the same time two teaspoonfuls of loaf sugar and one
+teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt, rubbed fine. Stir until
+cold. The fluid must not be allowed to remain in a metallic vessel of
+any kind, and it must be kept in a cool place.
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 2.
+
+Put one pint of fresh milk and two pints of soft water in a vessel
+over a slow fire. Rub together with a little fresh cream into a soft
+batter, free from lumps, one tablespoonful each of good sweet rye
+flour, ground rice, and pure starch; which add to the milk and water
+as soon as they begin to boil. Boil for five minutes, stirring
+constantly. Remove from the fire and add three teaspoonfuls of loaf
+sugar and one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt. Observe
+the same precautions as in No. 1.
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 3.
+
+Put in a vessel, over a slow fire, one pint of fresh milk and two
+pints of soft water. When they begin to boil, add one tablespoonful of
+wheat flour, two tablespoonfuls of pure starch, and two teaspoonfuls
+of carbonate of magnesia, rubbed, together with a little milk into a
+soft batter, free from lumps. Boil gently for five minutes, stirring
+constantly. Pour into an earthen vessel to cool, and add one
+teaspoonful of the best gum arabic dissolved in a little warm water,
+one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt, and one
+tablespoonful of pure strained honey. Stir until cold. The same
+precaution must be observed as in preparing No. 1.
+
+
+                              DIRECTIONS.
+
+One half pint or less of these fluids may be taken at a dose, and at
+least three pints should be taken during the day and the amount
+gradually increased to two or three quarts. Commence with No. 1 and
+use two weeks, then use No. 2 for the same length of time, after which
+No. 3 is to be used for two weeks. Continue their use as long as
+necessary, taking each for two weeks before changing. In all the
+diseases mentioned above, the use of these fluids, in connection with
+proper remedies, will insure a speedy restoration to health.
+
+
+                        GUM ACACIA RESTORATIVE.
+
+Take two ounces of pure white gum arabic (procure the lump, the
+powdered is very apt to be adulterated), pulverize it well, and
+dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat in a gill of water, stirring
+constantly. When it is entirely dissolved, add three tablespoonfuls of
+pure strained honey. Let it remain over the fire until it becomes of
+the consistency of a jelly. The heat must be very gentle, it must not
+boil. If desirable, flavor with lemon or vanilla. This will be found a
+very pleasant article of diet for a weak stomach. When the articles
+used are pure it will be transparent and of a light golden color. This
+will be borne by the weakest stomach when everything else is rejected.
+_It is highly nutritious._
+
+
+                            MALT INFUSION.
+
+Infuse one pint of ground malt for two hours in three pints of
+scalding water. The water should not be brought quite to the boiling
+point. Strain; add sugar, if desired; flavor with lemon juice. This is
+an excellent drink in inflammatory fevers, acute rheumatism, etc.
+
+
+                                 PEAS.
+
+Take young and fresh shelled green peas, wash them clean, put them
+into fresh water, just enough to cover them, and boil them till they
+take up nearly all the water. This dish, if prepared according to
+directions, and eaten warm, will not harm any invalid, not even one
+suffering from diarrhoea.
+
+
+                                 MILK.
+
+In some cases where a milk diet is advisable, owing to the peculiar
+condition of the patient's stomach it will cause distress. This is
+frequently the case where there is undue acidity. In such cases, let
+it be prepared in the following manner and it will be found to set
+well: Take a teacupful of fresh milk, heat nearly to boiling; dissolve
+in it a teaspoonful of loaf sugar; pour into a large sized tumbler,
+and add sufficient plain soda water to fill it. Prepared in the above
+directed manner it will be free from all unpleasant effects.
+
+
+                      SOUPS FOR THE CONVALESCENT.
+
+To extract the strength from meat, long and slow boiling is necessary;
+but care must be taken that the pot is never off the boil. All soups
+should be made the day before they are used, and they should then be
+strained into earthen pans. When soup has jellied in the pan, it
+should not be removed into another. When in danger of not keeping, it
+should be boiled up.
+
+
+                                 EGGS.
+
+In cases of extreme debility, eggs are most excellent. They should
+never be boiled hard. The best way to prepare them is to beat them
+well with milk and sugar. When it will be appropriate to the case, add
+some fine pale sherry wine.
+
+
+                           MILK FOR INFANTS.
+
+Fresh cow's milk, one part; water, two parts; sweeten with a very
+little loaf sugar. When children are raised by hand it is always
+necessary to dilute the milk. As the child advances in age the
+proportion of water stated above may be gradually lessened.
+
+
+                             WATER GRUEL.
+
+Corn or oat meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil ten or
+fifteen minutes, and strain. Add salt and sugar to suit the taste of
+the patient. This should be used freely during and after the operation
+of cathartic medicines.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XII.
+
+                      THINGS CURIOUS AND USEFUL.
+
+
+                      TO GET CLEAR OF MOSQUITOES.
+
+Take of gum camphor a piece about one-third the size of an egg and
+evaporate it over a lamp or candle, taking care that it does not
+ignite. The smoke will soon fill the room and expel the mosquitoes.
+
+
+                      HOW TO GET RID OF BEDBUGS.
+
+Bedbugs cannot stand hot alum water; indeed, alum seems to be death to
+them in any form. Take two pounds of alum, reduce it to a powder--the
+finer the better--and dissolve it in about four quarts of boiling
+water. Keep the water hot till the alum is all dissolved; then apply
+it hot to every joint, crevice and place about the bedstead, floor,
+skirting or washboard around the room, and every place where the bugs
+are likely to congregate, by means of a brush. A common syringe is an
+excellent thing to use in applying it to the bedstead. Apply the water
+as hot as you can. Apply it freely, and you will hardly be troubled
+any more that season with bugs. Whitewash the ceiling with plenty of
+dissolved alum in the wash, and there will be an end to their dropping
+down from thence on to your bed.
+
+
+               TO OBTAIN FRESH-BLOWN FLOWERS IN WINTER.
+
+Choose some of the most perfect buds of the flowers you would
+preserve, such as are latest in blowing and ready to open. Cut them
+off with a pair off scissors, leaving to each, if possible, apiece of
+stem about three inches long. Cover the end of the stem immediately
+with sealing wax, and when the buds are a little shrunk and wrinkled
+wrap up each of them separately in a piece of paper perfectly clean
+and dry and lock them up in a dry box or drawer, and they will keep
+without corrupting.
+
+In winter or at any time when you would have the flowers blow, take
+the buds at night and cut off the end of the stem sealed with wax and
+put the buds in water wherein a little nitre or salt has been
+diffused, and the next day you will have the pleasure of seeing the
+buds opening and expanding themselves and the flowers display their
+most lively colors and breathe their agreeable odors.
+
+
+                TO INCREASE THE LAYING OF EGGS IN HENS.
+
+Pulverized Cayenne pepper, half an ounce, to be given to one dozen
+hens, mixed with their food every second day.
+
+
+        THE NEW AND BEAUTIFUL ART OF TRANSFERRING ON TO GLASS.
+
+Colored or plain engravings, photographs, lithographs, water colors,
+oil colors, crayons, steel plates, newspaper cuts, mezzotints, pencil,
+writing, show cards, labels, or, in fact, anything.
+
+
+                              DIRECTIONS.
+
+Take glass that is perfectly clear (window glass will answer), clean
+it thoroughly; then varnish it, taking care to have it perfectly
+smooth; place it where it will be perfectly free from dust; let it
+stand over night, then take your engraving, lay it in clear water
+until it is wet through (say ten or fifteen minutes), then lay it upon
+a newspaper, that the moisture may dry from the surface and still keep
+the other side damp. Immediately varnish your glass the second time,
+then place your engraving upon it, pressing it down firmly, so as to
+exclude every particle of air; next, rub the paper from the back until
+it is of uniform thickness, so thin that you can see through it, then
+varnish it the third time and let it dry.
+
+These transferred pictures make lovely ornaments for table, bracket,
+mantel, etc.
+
+
+                   MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE VARNISH.
+
+Take two ounces balsam of fir to one ounce spirits of turpentine.
+Apply with a camel's-hair brush.
+
+
+               TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY FLIES.
+
+Boil three handfuls of walnut leaves in three quarts of water; sponge
+the horse (before going out of the stable) between and upon the ears,
+neck, and flank.
+
+
+                 TO PREVENT FLIES LIGHTING ON WINDOWS,
+                        PICTURES, MIRRORS, ETC.
+
+No fly will light on a window or other article which has been washed
+in water in which garlic has been boiled.
+
+
+                     TO MAKE LEATHER WEAR FOREVER.
+
+Let it receive as much neat's-foot oil as it will take. If regularly
+repeated every three months, leather so treated seems to be impervious
+to outward action and will last for years.
+
+
+                      TO RENDER PAPER FIREPROOF.
+
+Whether the paper be plain, written, printed, or even marbled,
+stained, or painted for paper hangings, dip it in a strong solution of
+alum water and thoroughly dry it. In this state it will be fireproof.
+
+
+                     TO PREPARE WATERPROOF BOOTS.
+
+Take three ounces of spermaceti and melt it in an earthen pot over a
+slow fire; add thereto six drains of India rubber cut into slices, and
+after it dissolves add of tallow, eight ounces; amber varnish, four
+ounces. Mix it, and it will be ready for use immediately.
+
+
+                         TO CURE DRUNKENNESS.
+
+Keep the patient for one week freely dosed with figwort. This is a
+sure cure.
+
+
+                           TO CURE LAZINESS.
+
+Give the patient an occasional dose of ferri. The sulphate of ferri is
+the best. It acts on the liver and vital organs, and is a sure cure
+for laziness.
+
+
+             TO EXTRACT THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ANY FLOWER.
+
+Take any flower you like, which stratify with common salt in a clean
+glazed pot; when filled to the top, cover it well and carry it to the
+cellar; forty days afterwards put a crape over a pan and empty the
+whole to strain the essence from the flowers by pressure. Bottle this
+essence, and expose it for four or five weeks in the sun and dew of
+the evening to purify. One single drop of this essence is enough to
+scent a whole quart of water.
+
+
+                       TO TAKE LEAF PHOTOGRAPHS.
+
+A very pretty amusement, especially for those who have just completed
+the study of botany, is the taking of leaf photographs. One very
+simple process is this: At any druggist's get an ounce of bichromate
+of potassium. Put this into a pint bottle of water. When the solution
+becomes saturated--that is, the water has dissolved as much as it
+will--pour off some of the clear liquid into a shallow dish; on this
+float a piece of ordinary writing paper till it is thoroughly
+moistened, and let it dry in the dark. It should be of a bright yellow
+color. On this put the leaf, under it a piece of black soft cloth and
+several sheets of newspaper. Put these between two pieces of glass
+(all the pieces should be of the same size) and with spring
+clothespins fasten them together. Expose to a bright sun, placing the
+leaf so that the rays will fall upon it as nearly perpendicular as
+possible. In a few moments it will begin to turn brown; but it
+requires from half an hour to several hours to produce a perfect
+print. When it has become dark enough, take it from the frame and put
+it into clear water, which must be changed every few minutes until the
+yellow part becomes white. Sometimes the veinings will be quite
+distinct. By following these directions it is scarcely possible to
+fail, and a little practice will make perfect.
+
+
+                  TO MAKE LAMP WICKS INDESTRUCTIBLE.
+
+Steep common wicks in a concentrated aqueous solution of tungstate of
+soda, and then dry thoroughly in an oven.
+
+
+                 TO MAKE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PERFUMES.
+
+                      BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS.
+
+Deodorized alcohol, one pint; nice white bar soap, four ounces. Shave
+the soap when put in; stand in a warm place till dissolved; then add
+oil of citronella, one dram, and oils of neroli and rosemary, of each
+one-half dram.
+
+
+                             FRANGAPANNI.
+
+Spirits, one gallon; oil of bergamot, one ounce; oil of lemon, one
+ounce: Macerate for four days, frequently shaking; then add water, one
+gallon; orange flower water, one pint; essence of vanilla, two ounces.
+Mix.
+
+
+                             JOCKEY CLUB.
+
+Spirits of wine, five gallons; orange flower water, one gallon; balsam
+of Peru, four ounces; essence of bergamot, eight ounces; essence of
+musk, eight ounces; essence of cloves, four ounces; essence of neroli,
+two ounces. Mix.
+
+
+                              LADY'S OWN.
+
+Spirits of wine, one gallon; otto of roses, twenty drops; essence of
+thyme, one-half ounce; essence of neroli, one-quarter ounce; essence
+of vanilla, one-half ounce; essence of bergamot, one-quarter ounce;
+orange flower water, six ounces. Mix.
+
+
+                              UPPER TEN.
+
+Spirits of wine, four quarts; essence of cedrate, two drams; essence
+violets, one-quarter ounce; essence of neroli, one-half ounce; otto of
+roses, twenty drops; orange flower essence, one ounce; oil of
+rosemary, thirty drops; oils of bergamot and neroli, each one-half
+ounce. Mix.
+
+If you wish to make a small quantity of any of the above perfumes, use
+small quantities of the ingredients, preserving the same proportions.
+
+
+                       TO WRITE SECRET LETTERS.
+
+Put five cents' worth of citrate of potassa in an ounce vial of clear
+cold water. This forms an invisible fluid. Let it dissolve, and you
+can use on paper of any color. Use goose quill in writing. When you
+wish the writing to become visible, hold it to a red-hot stove.
+
+
+                   TO PRESERVE FLOWERS SO THAT THEIR
+                      BEAUTY WILL LAST FOR YEARS.
+
+Make a strong solution of gum arabic, two ounces of the gum to one
+pint of boiling water; shake until dissolved; then take your flowers
+and immerse in the solution, taking care that every part is well wet
+with the solution. When dry, repeat the operation. Do this three
+times. Flowers treated thus will last for years.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+
+                           HOME DECORATION.
+
+
+The chief features to be observed in house furnishing are color, form,
+and proportion. All stiffness of design in furniture should be
+avoided. Do not attempt to match articles, but rather carry out the
+same idea as to color and form in the whole. It is not _en r�gle_ to
+have decorations in sets or pairs; the arrangements should all be done
+with odd pieces. Every room in the house should be arranged for
+occupancy, having nothing too good for use, and the judicious
+housewife will follow a medium course and adopt no extreme of fashion.
+
+The style and arrangement of the furniture should correspond with the
+size of the room, with a due regard to the place a piece of furniture
+or ornament will occupy. The order of arrangement in furnishing is
+subject to individual taste, but the following suggestions may not be
+inappropriate:--
+
+In decorating a dining-room, deep, rich tones should be used; a
+drawingroom or parlor should have bright, cheerful shades; in a
+library use deep, rich colors, which give a sense of worth; a
+sleeping-room should have light, pleasing tints, which give a feeling
+of repose.
+
+
+                               THE HALL.
+
+The hall being the index to the whole house, due care should therefore
+be given to its furnishing. Light colors and gilding should be
+avoided. The wall and ceiling decorations now mostly used are in dark,
+rich colors, shaded in maroons or deep reds. Plain tinted walls and
+ceilings in fresco or wainscot are also frequently used. The latest
+shades of wall paper come in wood colors, dark olive-greens, stone
+color, and grays, in tile, arabesque and landscape designs, and with
+these are used a corresponding dado and frieze.
+
+A tile or inlaid floor is the most appropriate, but if circumstances
+do not admit of one of these, a floor stained a deep wood-brown, base
+board and moldings to correspond, may be substituted; when India
+mattings and rugs may be used.
+
+The colors now in vogue for hall carpets are crimson or Pompeiian
+reds, with small figures of moss-green or peacock-blue. The prevailing
+shades of the walls and floor should be incorporated in the stair
+carpet.
+
+If the hall is narrow, none but the most essential pieces of furniture
+should be used; but if wide enough, there may be a lounge placed
+against one of the walls, an old-fashioned clock of the cuckoo style
+set in a quiet corner, two high-backed chairs upholstered in leather,
+a table, an umbrella-stand placed near the door, a jardini�re filled
+with tropical plants set near the foot of the stairway, and a hall
+mirror with a deer's head and antlers placed above it and a wooden or
+marble slab underneath. The slab should be covered with a Roman scarf,
+allowing a fall of twelve inches at each end. The hatrack must also
+find a place. Family portraits or a few well-selected pictures are
+appropriate for these walls.
+
+If the door-lights are not stained glass, lace shades in designs of
+birds, cupids, and garlands of flowers are used; also, etchings in
+various colors and designs are worked on different fabrics. Crimson
+silk shades lined with black netting are very desirable, as the light
+penetrating through them fills the hall with a rich, subdued glow.
+
+
+                              THE PARLOR.
+
+The furnishing of the parlor should be subject to its architectural
+finish. The first things to be considered are the walls and floor. The
+former may be decorated in fresco or papered, according to individual
+taste and means. The prettiest styles of parlor paper are light tints
+of gray, olive, pearl, and lavender grounds, and in small scroll
+patterns, panels, birds, and vines, finished in heavy gold traceries,
+with dado and frieze to correspond.
+
+The styles of carpet mostly used are Brussels, Wilton, tapestry, and
+Axminster. A tapestry carpet in light canary ground, with clusters of
+lotus, or begonia leaves, makes a charming background to almost all
+the colors generally used in upholstery.
+
+In selecting the furniture, the first thought should be given to its
+true worth. Chairs and couches should be chosen for comfort rather
+than for style. They should be of solid make, easy, graceful, and of
+good, serviceable colors and materials. The most serviceable woods to
+select in frames are ebony, oak, walnut, cherry, and mahogany. These
+frames are finished in different styles--plain, carved, inlaid, and
+gilt--and are upholstered in all shades of satin, plush, rep, silk,
+and damask. These come at prices within the means of a slender purse.
+That slippery abomination in the shape of haircloth furniture should
+be avoided. The latest design in parlor furniture is in the Turkish
+style, the upholstery being made to cover the frame. Rich Oriental
+colors in woolen and silk brocades are mostly used, and the trimmings
+are cord and tassels or heavy fringe.
+
+Formerly the parlor appointments were all in sets or pairs, but this
+fashion is no longer observed, as the most tastefully arranged parlor
+has now no two pieces of furniture alike; but two easy-chairs placed
+opposite each other are never out of place. Here may stand an
+embroidered ottoman, there a quaint little chair, a divan can take
+some central position; a cottage piano, covered with some embroidered
+drapery, may stand at one end of the room, while an ebony or mahogany
+cabinet, with its panel mirrors and quaint brasses, may be placed at
+the other end, its racks and shelves affording an elegant display for
+pretty pieces of bric-a-brac.
+
+Marble-topped center-tables are no longer in use. Tables in inlaid
+woods, or hand-painted, are used for placing books or albums on. A
+small, airy-looking table, elaborately mounted in gilt, may stand near
+a window or wall. The mantel mirror, with its beveled edges and small
+racks arranged on each side, looks very effective when decorated with
+pretty oddities--ferns, grasses, and pieces of old china. A jardini�re
+filled with living plants and placed near a bay window makes an
+elegant ornament. Care should be taken in arranging that the room be
+not over-crowded. There should be a few good pictures or painted
+plaques mounted in plush hung on the walls; a portrait may be placed
+on a common easel and draped with a scarf in old gold or peacock-blue,
+and tiny lambrequins, painted or embroidered, may hang beneath a
+bracket supporting a bust or flower-vase.
+
+An embroidered scarf with fringed ends may be placed on the back of a
+chair or sofa in place of the old lace tidy. A sack made of small
+pieces of bright-colored plush or silk in crazy work may be flung
+across the table, the ends drooping very low. The mantelpiece may be
+covered with a corresponding sash, over which place a small clock as
+centerpiece and arrange ornaments on each side--statuettes, bannerets,
+flower-holders, small Japanese fans, pieces of odd china, painted
+candles in small scenes, may all find a place on the mantel.
+
+Window curtains of heavy fabric, hung from brass or plush mounted
+poles, may be gracefully draped to the sides, while the inner lace
+ones should be hung straight and be fastened in the center with some
+ornament or bow of ribbon corresponding in shade to the general tone
+of the room. The straight shades next to the glass may correspond in
+tone to the outside walls or window-facings; but this is a mere matter
+of taste. White or light-tinted shades, finished in etching or narrow
+lace, are always in vogue.
+
+The dado shades are the latest innovation in window decoration. These
+come in all colors, from the lightest to the darkest shades, with dado
+in tile, arabesque and fresco patterns, finished in lace, fringe, and
+brasses.
+
+Porti�res (curtain doors) have superseded folding doors. These should
+be in shades to contrast with the general blending of the colors in
+the room. The fabrics mostly used are India goods, but they may be of
+any material, from expensive tapestries, satins, and plushes, to
+ten-cent factory cottons. The curtains, if made from striped tapestry
+and Turcoman, will give the finishing artistic touches to almost any
+room, but the last softening polish comes only from the genial
+presence of trailing and climbing vines.
+
+
+                           THE SITTING-ROOM.
+
+The sitting or everyday room should be the brightest and most
+attractive room in the house. Its beauty of decoration should not be
+so much in the richness and variety of material as in its comfort,
+simplicity, and the harmony of its tints--the main features being the
+fitness of each article to the needs of the room. In these days of so
+many advantages much can be done in adornment by simple means.
+
+The wall papers mostly used come in grounds of cream, amber, rose,
+pale olive, fawn, ceil blue and light gray, with designs and traceries
+of contrasting hues.
+
+The carpet, if in tapestry, looks more effective if in grounds of pale
+canary or light gray, with designs in bright-colored woodland flowers
+and borders to match. The new ingrain carpets, with their pretty
+designs and bright colors, are very fashionable for rooms that are
+much used.
+
+Whatever may be the prevailing tint of the carpet, the window curtains
+should follow it up in lighter tones or contrast with it. The curtains
+may correspond with the coverings of the chairs, sofa, mantel and
+table draperies in color and fabric. If the furniture is of wicker,
+bamboo or rattan, the curtains should be of Japanese or any kind of
+Oriental goods. Curtains of muslin (either white or tinted),
+gay-colored chintzes, lace or dotted Swiss muslin, looped back with
+bright-toned ribbons, look very pretty and are appropriate for the
+sitting-room at almost any season. That clumsy structure called the
+cornice, for putting up curtains on, has happily given place to the
+more light and graceful curtain pole.
+
+One large table, covered with a pretty embroidered cloth, should be
+placed in some central location for a catch-all. A low divan, with a
+pair of square, soft pillows, may stand in some quiet nook; a rocker,
+handsomely upholstered, with a pretty tidy pinned to its back; a
+large, soft easy-chair; a small sewing-chair placed near a table; and
+a bamboo chair, trimmed with ribbons, will be tastefully arranged in
+the room. Window stands and gypsy tables may be draped with some rich
+fabric, the surrounding valance being caught up in small festoons and
+fastened with bows or tassels, finished around the edge of the table
+with cord or quilted ribbon.
+
+If the furniture is old or in sets it can be covered with different
+patterns in cretonne or chintz, which not only protects the furniture
+but breaks up the monotony and lends a pleasing variety to the room. A
+Turkish chair is a grand accessory to the family room. This may be
+made by buying the frame and having it upholstered in white cotton
+cloth and covering it with a rich shade of cretonne, finishing it with
+cord and fringe.
+
+A foot-rest frame can be made in the same way and covered with a piece
+of homemade embroidery, finishing it off with a cord or narrow gimp
+around the edge. Homemade easels, screens, and pedestals may be made
+out of black walnut, and when stained and draped look exceedingly
+pretty. An old second-hand cabinet may be bought at a trifle, and when
+polished up may be set in a corner on which to display some pieces of
+bric-a-brac.
+
+If the house has no library, the sitting-room is just the place for
+the bookcase.
+
+With house plants in the windows, a room of this character, with
+floods of sunshine, makes a most attractive and comfortable
+living-room.
+
+
+                             THE LIBRARY.
+
+The walls of the library should be hung with rich, dark colors, the
+latest style in wall paper being a black ground with old gold and
+olive-green designs.
+
+The carpet comes in Pompeiian red, with moss-green and peacock-blue
+patterns. Statuary and the best pictures should find a place in the
+library. The library table should be massive and the top laid with
+crimson baize. There should be a few high-backed chairs, upholstered
+in leather, a reading-chair, soft rugs, foot-rests, a mantel mirror, a
+few mantel ornaments, and the _piece de resistance_--the bookcase. In
+large libraries the bookcases are built in the wall. It is quite in
+vogue to hang curtains on rods in front of bookcases instead of doors,
+but we think the old style is the best, inasmuch as the books may be
+seen and the glass doors exclude the dust.
+
+Heavy curtains of raw silk, Turcoman, and canton flannel, with a full
+valance at the top, are used for the window drapery.
+
+
+                               CHAMBERS.
+
+The walls of bedrooms should be decorated in light tints and shadings,
+with a narrow rail and deep frieze. Most housekeepers prefer rugs and
+oiled floors to carpets, but this is a matter of individual taste.
+Rugs are as fashionable as they are wholesome and tidy. These
+floor-coverings should be darker than the furniture, yet blending in
+shade. If carpets are chosen they should be the lightest shades and in
+bright field-flower patterns. Avoid anything dark and somber for the
+sleeping-room. Pink and ceil blue combined are very pretty, scarlet
+and gray, deep red and very light blue. Dark blue with sprays of lily
+of the valley running through it is exceedingly pretty for bedrooms.
+Dark furniture will harmonize with all these colors, but the lighter
+shades are preferable. Cretonnes in pale tints and chintzes in
+harmonizing colors are used for light woods. Square pillows of
+cretonne on a bamboo or wicker lounge are very pretty. Canton matting
+is often used, either plain or in colored patterns.
+
+Formerly the bed-coverings were spotlessly white, but the profluent
+tide of color has included these also. The coverings now in vogue are:
+Nottingham lace, darned net, applique, antique lace, and Swiss muslin.
+These are used over silk and silesia for backgrounds, and are
+exceedingly pretty, with pillow shams to match. Cretonnes, chintzes,
+dimities, and silk in crazy work and South Kensington patterns are
+also used.
+
+Cheese cloth, bunting, Swiss muslin, cretonne, and Swiss curtains are
+used for window drapery. These may be trimmed with the same fabric or
+antique lace. They are hung on poles above the windows and draped back
+with ribbons.
+
+The appointments of a bedroom are a low couch, a large rocker, a small
+sewing-chair, a workbasket, footstools, a toilet table prettily draped
+with muslin, or a dressing-case, brackets for vases, flowerpots, a few
+pictures, small table, hanging shelves for books, etc., and the bed.
+
+The washstand should have a full set of toilet mats, or a large towel
+with a colored border may be laid on it; also, a splasher placed on
+the wall at the back of the stand is very essential. A screen is a
+very desirable part of the bedroom appointments. A rug should be
+placed in front of the bed and dressing-case.
+
+
+                           THE DINING-ROOM.
+
+The dining-room should be furnished with a view to convenience,
+richness, and comfort. Choose deep, rich grounds for the
+walls--bronze-maroon, black, Pompeiian red, and deep olive--and the
+designs and traceries in old gold, olive or moss-green, with dado and
+frieze to correspond. Or, the walls may be wainscoted with oak,
+walnut, maple, etc. Some are finished in plain panels, with different
+kinds of wood; others, again, are elaborately carved, with fruit,
+flowers, and emblems of the chase.
+
+The floor is the next point for consideration. It may be of tile or
+laid in alternate strips of different colored woods, with a border of
+parquetry. Rugs or carpets may be used on these floors or dispensed
+with, according to taste. If a carpet is used, the dark, rich shades
+found in the Persian and Turkish designs should be chosen.
+
+The window drapery should be those deep, rich colors that hold their
+own despite time and use--the pomegranates, rich crimsons, dark blues,
+dull Pompeiian reds, and soft olives. These curtains may be hung on
+poles, and should fall in heavy folds to the floor, then looped back
+with a wide embroidered dado.
+
+Screens of stained glass are now used in the windows. They are both
+useful and ornamental, for they exclude the strong rays of the sun,
+and the light filtering through them beautifies the room with its many
+mellow hues.
+
+Dark wood should be used for the furniture. The chairs should be
+chosen in square, solid styles, and upholstered in embossed or plain
+leather, with an abundance of brass or silver headed nails which are
+used for upholstering leather and add much to the substantial
+appearance of the articles.
+
+The dining-table should be low, square or bevel cornered, heavily
+carved, and when not in use should be covered with a cloth
+corresponding in shade to the window drapery.
+
+A buffet may stand in one corner for the display of ceramics or
+decorated china. The sideboard should be of high, massive style, with
+shelves and racks for glassware and pieces of china.
+
+A few pictures--two or three fruit pieces and one or two plaques of
+still life--are appropriate.
+
+A case of stuffed birds, a few large pots of tropical plants, and a
+fernery are in keeping with the dining-room appointments. A three-leaf
+folding Japanese screen should not be forgotten; also, a lamp shade of
+antique lace, lined with crimson silk, is very desirable.
+
+
+                             THE KITCHEN.
+
+It is a remark too often made that this or that "is good enough for a
+servant." If all knew that unpleasant surroundings made unpleasant
+servants and ill-prepared meals, we think more pains would be taken to
+have pleasant and comfortable kitchens. There should be a pleasant
+window or two through which fresh air and floods of sunlight may come,
+a few plants on the window sill, a small stand for a workbasket, an
+easy-chair that the servant may "drop into" when an opportunity
+offers, the walls painted or calcimined with some cheerful tint, and a
+general air of comfort pervading the whole kitchen.--_The Popular Art
+Instructor._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIV.
+
+                                FLORAL.
+
+
+                     HOW TO CARE FOR HOUSE PLANTS.
+
+Plants that require a high or low temperature or a very moist
+atmosphere and plants that bloom only in summer are undesirable.
+Procure fresh sandy loam, with an equal mixture of well-rotted turf,
+leaf mold, and cow-yard manure, with a small quantity of soot. In
+repotting plants use one size larger than they were grown in.
+Hard-burned or glazed pots prevent the circulation of air. Secure
+drainage by broken crockery and pebbles laid in the bottom of the pot.
+An abundance of light is important, and when this cannot be given it
+is useless to attempt the culture of flowering plants. If possible
+they should have the morning sun, as one hour of sunshine then is
+worth two in the afternoon. Fresh air is also essential, but cold,
+chilling drafts should be avoided. Water from one to three times a
+week with soft, lukewarm water, draining off all not absorbed by the
+earth.
+
+
+                             DO NOT PERMIT
+
+water to stand in the saucers, as the only plant thriving under such
+treatment is the calla lily; and even for these it is not necessary,
+unless while blooming. Dust is a great obstacle to the growth of
+plants. A good showering will generally remove it, but all the
+smooth-faced plants (such as camellias, ivies, etc.) should be
+carefully sponged so as to keep the foliage clean and healthy.
+
+
+                          PLANTS SUCCEED BEST
+
+in an even temperature, ranging from sixty to seventy degrees during
+the day and from ten to twelve degrees lower at night. If troubled
+with insects, put them under a box or barrel and smoke from thirty to
+sixty minutes with tobacco leaves.
+
+
+                          FOR THE RED SPIDER
+
+the best remedy is to lay the plants on the side and sprinkle well or
+shower. Repeat if necessary. If manures are used, give in a liquid
+form.
+
+Some of the plants most suitable for parlor culture are: Pelargoniums,
+geraniums, fuchsias, palms, begonias, monthly roses, camellias,
+azaleas, oranges, lemons, Chinese and English primroses, abutilons,
+narcissus, heliotrope, petunias, and the gorgeous flowering plant,
+_Poinsettia pulcherrima_. Camellias and azaleas require a cooler
+temperature than most plants, and the Poinsettia a higher temperature.
+Do not sprinkle the foliage of the camellia while the flower buds are
+swelling or it will cause them to droop, nor sprinkle them in the
+sunshine. They should have a temperature of about forty degrees and
+more shade. By following these rules, healthy flowering plants will be
+the result.
+
+A good way
+
+
+                            TO START SLIPS
+
+is to partly break off the slip (but do not entirely sever it from the
+parent stock), leaving it hanging for ten or twelve days; then remove
+and plant in a box of half sand and half leaf mold and it will be well
+rooted in a week. Do not water too freely or the slip will rot.
+
+If house plants are watered once a week with water in which is mixed a
+few drops of ammonia they will thrive much better. Sometimes small
+white worms are found in the earth--lime water will kill them. Stir up
+the soil before pouring it on, to expose as many as possible. For
+running vines, burn beef bones and mix with the earth.
+
+
+                TO KEEP PLANTS WITHOUT A FIRE AT NIGHT.
+
+Have made, of wood or zinc, a tray about four inches deep with a
+handle on either end, water-tight. Paint it outside and in, put in
+each corner a post as high as the tallest of your plants, and it is
+ready for use. Arrange your flowerpots in it and fill between them
+with sawdust. This absorbs the moisture falling from the plants when
+you water them and retains the warmth acquired during the day, keeping
+the temperature of the roots even. When you retire at night spread
+over the posts a blanket or shawl, and there is no danger of freezing.
+
+
+                       SURE SHOT FOR ROSE-SLUGS.
+
+Make a tea of tobacco stems and a soapsuds of whale oil or carbolic
+soap; mix and apply to the bush with a sprinkler, turning the bush so
+as to wet the under as well as the upper part of the leaves. Apply,
+before the sun is up, three or four times.
+
+
+                  TO PREPARE AUTUMN LEAVES AND FERNS.
+
+Immediately after gathering take a moderately warm iron, smear it well
+with white wax, rub over each surface of the leaf once, applying more
+wax for each leaf. This process causes leaves to roll about as when
+hanging on the trees. If pressed more they become brittle and remain
+perfectly flat. Maple and oak are among the most desirable, and may be
+gathered any time after the severe frosts; but the sumac and ivy must
+be secured as soon after the first slight frost as they become tinted
+or the leaflets will fall from the stem. Ferns may be selected any
+time during the season. A large book must be used in gathering them,
+as they will be spoiled for pressing if carried in the hand. A weight
+should be placed on them until they are perfectly dry; then, excepting
+the most delicate ones, it will be well to press them like the leaves,
+as they are liable to curl when placed in a warm atmosphere. These
+will form beautiful combinations with the sumac and ivy.
+
+
+                      TO PREPARE SKELETON LEAVES.
+
+When properly prepared, skeleton leaves form a companion to the
+scrapbook or collection of pressed ferns, fronds, etc. This is a
+tedious operation and requires skill and great patience to obtain
+satisfactory results. Some leaves are easier to dissect and make
+better specimens than others, and, as a rule, a hard, thin leaf should
+be chosen; that is, when a special variety is not required.
+
+Among those which are skeletonized most successfully are the English
+ivy, box elder, willow, grape, pear, rose, etc. They should be
+gathered during the month of June, or as soon as the leaf is fully
+developed. The leaves should be immersed in a vessel of rain water and
+allowed to remain till decomposed. When this takes place, press the
+leaf between pieces of soft flannel, and the film will adhere to the
+flannel, leaving a perfect network. Dry off gradually and clean the
+specimen with a soft hair pencil. Place between folds of soft blotting
+paper, and when perfectly dry place in your collection.
+
+
+                         TO BLEACH THE LEAVES,
+
+dissolve one half pound of chloride of lime in three pints of rain
+water, strain, and use one part of the solution to one of water. For
+ferns, use the solution full strength. When perfectly white remove to
+clear water, let stand for several hours, changing water two or three
+times, float out on paper, and press between blotting paper in books.
+
+In mounting use mucilage made of five parts gum arabic, three parts
+white sugar, two parts starch, and very little water; boil and stir
+till thick and white.
+
+
+                           HANGING BASKETS.
+
+A correspondent of the _Gardener's Monthly_ tells of a new style of
+hanging basket made of round maple sticks about one inch in diameter,
+eight inches in length at the bottom, increasing to fourteen at the
+top. In constructing, begin at the bottom and build up, log-cabin
+fashion; chink the openings with green moss and line the whole basket
+with the same. These are easily kept moist, and the plants droop and
+twine over them very gracefully. A good way to keep the earth moist in
+a hanging basket without the trouble of taking it down is to fill a
+bottle with water and put in two pieces of yarn, leaving one end
+outside. Suspend the bottle just above the basket and allow the water
+to drip. This will keep the earth moist enough for winter and save a
+great deal of time and labor. Plant morning glory seeds in hanging
+baskets in winter; they grow rapidly and are very pretty.--_Buckeye._
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+
+                             THE LAUNDRY.
+
+            TELLING OF A GREAT MANY USEFUL AND LABOR-SAVING
+                      PRACTICES FOR THE LAUNDRY.
+
+
+                        TO MAKE WASHING FLUID.
+
+Bring to a boil one pound of sal soda, half a pound of unslaked lime,
+a small lump of borax, and five quarts of water. Let cool, pour off,
+and bottle. Use one teacupful to a boiler of clothes. This is
+superior.
+
+
+                              GALL SOAP.
+
+For washing woolens, silks, or fine prints liable to fade. One pint
+beefs gall, two pounds common bar soap cut fine, one quart boiling
+soft water; boil slowly, stirring occasionally until well mixed. Pour
+into a flat vessel, and when cold cut into pieces to dry.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT SCORCH.
+
+If a shirt bosom or any other article has been scorched in ironing,
+lay it where bright sunshine will fall directly on it. It will
+entirely remove it.
+
+
+                                BLUING.
+
+Take one ounce of Prussian blue, one-half ounce of oxalic acid;
+dissolve in one quart of perfectly soft rain water. Insert a quill
+through the cork of the bluing bottle to prevent waste or putting too
+much in clothes and you will be pleased with the result. One or two
+tablespoons of it is sufficient for a tub of water, according to the
+size of the tub. Chinese blue is the best and costs twelve and a half
+cents an ounce, and the acid will cost three cents.
+
+
+                            COFFEE STARCH.
+
+Make a paste of two tablespoons best starch and cold water; when
+smooth stir in a pint of perfectly clear coffee, boiling hot; boil
+five or ten minutes. Stir with a spermaceti or wax candle. Strain and
+use for all dark calicoes, percales, and muslins.
+
+
+                             FLOUR STARCH.
+
+Have a clean pan or kettle on stove with one quart boiling water, into
+which stir three heaping tablespoons flour, previously mixed smooth in
+a little cold water; stir steadily until it boils and thereafter
+enough to keep from burning. Boil about five minutes, and strain,
+while hot, through a crash towel. The above quantity is enough for one
+dress, and will make it nice and stiff.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE FINE STARCH.
+
+Wet the starch smooth in a little cold water in a large tin pan, pour
+on a quart of boiling water to two or three tablespoons of starch,
+stirring rapidly all the while; place on stove, stir until it boils
+and then occasionally. Boil from five to fifteen minutes, or until the
+starch is perfectly clear. Some add a little salt or butter or pure
+lard or stir with a sperm candle; others add a teaspoon of kerosene to
+one quart of starch. This prevents the stickiness sometimes so
+annoying in ironing.
+
+Cold starch is made from starch dissolved in cold water, being careful
+not to have it too thick. Since it rots the clothes, it is not
+advisable to use it.
+
+
+                       ENAMEL FOR SHIRT BOSOMS.
+
+Melt together, with a gentle heat, one ounce white wax and two ounces
+spermaceti. Prepare in the usual way a sufficient quantity of starch
+for a dozen shirt bosoms, put into it a piece of this enamel the size
+of a hazelnut. This will give your clothes a beautiful polish.
+
+
+                TO CLEAN ARTICLES MADE OF WHITE ZEPHYR.
+
+Rub in flour or magnesia, changing often. Shake off and hang in the
+open air a short time.
+
+
+                         HOW TO CLEAN VELVET.
+
+Invert a hot flatiron, place over it a single thickness of wet cotton
+cloth, lay on this the velvet (wrong side next the wet cloth), rub
+gently with a dry cloth until the pile is well raised, take off the
+iron, lay on a table, and brush it with a soft brush or cloth.
+
+
+                           TO CLEAN RIBBONS.
+
+Dissolve white soap in boiling water; when cool enough to bear the
+hand, pass the ribbons through it, rubbing gently, so as not to injure
+the texture; rinse through lukewarm water and pin on a board to dry.
+If the colors are bright yellow, maroon, crimson or scarlet, add a few
+drops of oil of vitriol to the rinse water; if the color is bright
+scarlet, add to the rinse water a few drops of muriate of tin.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT PAINT.
+
+Equal parts of ammonia and spirits of turpentine will take paint out
+of clothing. Saturate the spot two or three times, and then wash out
+in soapsuds.
+
+
+                         TO REMOVE INK STAIN.
+
+Immediately saturate with milk, soak it up with a rag, apply more, rub
+well, and in a few minutes the ink will disappear.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE GREASE OUT
+
+of silk, woolens, paper, floors, etc., grate chalk thick over the
+spot, cover with brown paper, set on it a hot flatiron and let it
+remain until cool; repeat if necessary. The iron must not be so hot as
+to burn paper or cloth.
+
+
+                             FRUIT STAINS.
+
+Colored cottons or woolens stained with wine or fruit should be wet in
+alcohol and ammonia, then sponged off gently (not rubbed) with
+alcohol; after that, if the material will warrant it, washed in tepid
+soapsuds. Silk may be wet with this preparation when injured by these
+stains.
+
+
+                         TO REMOVE IRON RUST.
+
+While rinsing clothes, take such as have spots of iron, wring out, dip
+a wet finger in oxalic acid and rub on the spot, then dip in salt and
+rub on and hold on a warm flatiron, and the spot will immediately
+disappear; rinse again, rubbing the place a little with the hands.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT MILDEW.
+
+Wet the cloth and rub on soap and chalk, mixed together, and lay in
+the sun; or, lay the cloth in buttermilk for a short time, take out
+and place in the hot sun; or, put lemon juice on and treat in the same
+way.
+
+
+                         TO WASH WOOLEN GOODS.
+
+Many woolen goods, such as light-colored, heavy sacques, nubias, etc.,
+may be washed in cold suds and rinsed in cold water. The garments
+should be well shaken out and pulled into shape.
+
+
+                   TO WASH FLANNELS IN TEPID WATER.
+
+The usefulness of liquid ammonia is not as universally known among
+housewives as it deserves to be. If you add some of it to a soapsuds
+made of a mild soap it will prevent the flannel from becoming yellow
+or shrinking. It is the potash and soda combined in sharp soap which
+tend to color animal fibers yellow; the shrinking may be partially due
+to this agency, but above all to the exposure of the flannel while wet
+to the extremes of low and high temperature. Dipping it in boiling
+water or leaving it out in the rain will also cause it to shrink and
+become hard. To preserve their softness, flannels should be washed in
+tepid suds, rinsed in tepid water, and dried rapidly at a moderate
+heat.--_Buckeye._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVI.
+
+        HOW TO DO YOUR OWN STAMPING AND MAKE YOUR OWN PATTERNS.
+
+
+In the following chapter are given full instructions for dry and wet
+stamping, explaining how to make stamping powder, how to mix white
+paint for stamping dark goods and black paint for stamping light
+goods.
+
+The articles necessary are a sheet of writing paper and a piece of
+transfer paper. The transfer paper can be made by rubbing white paper
+with a composition consisting of two ounces of tallow, one-half ounce
+powdered blacklead, one-quarter pint linseed oil, and sufficient
+lampblack to make it of the consistency of cream. These should be
+melted together and rubbed on the paper while hot. When dry it will be
+fit for use.
+
+In order to make a perforated pattern of any engraving, procure a
+piece of writing paper larger than the design to be traced and put a
+piece of transfer paper on the writing paper, then place both sheets
+directly under the engraving and pin the three sheets together at one
+end, having the transfer paper between and dark side facing the
+writing paper. You then take a quill with a fine point (a knitting
+needle will do nicely) and without leaning too hard go over all the
+outline of the engraving. You must be careful not to press your
+fingers on the engraving, as this would cause a deposit of powder the
+same color as the transferring paper on the writing paper. Now remove
+the transfer paper and you have the design accurately traced and the
+pattern is ready to be perforated. Lay a couple of folds of velvet or
+felt on the table, place the pattern on this, and with a needle of
+medium size or tracing-wheel prick out the pattern, being careful to
+follow the outline closely and make the perforations quite close.
+
+
+                  MECHANICAL ENLARGEMENT OF DESIGNS.
+
+The simplest way is to enlarge by the eye, as the artists do. One
+method is to divide the whole design into squares and rule off the
+paper to be enlarged in corresponding squares of larger size. Each
+portion within the square is then exactly reproduced, copying the
+portion in the smaller square. For embroidery designs especially we
+should think this would be very good.
+
+
+                             DRY STAMPING.
+
+This is done by a process known as pouncing. The process is as
+follows: Place the pattern (rough side up) on the material to be
+stamped, placing heavy weights on the corner to keep it from slipping;
+then rub the powder over the perforations with the pouncet or
+distributor described below till the pattern is clearly marked on the
+material. This can be ascertained by lifting one corner of the pattern
+slightly. Then remove the pattern carefully, lay a piece of thin paper
+over the stamping and pass a hot iron over it. This melts the gum in
+the powder and fastens the pattern to the material. The iron should be
+as hot as possible without scorching the cloth. Should the heat change
+the color of the material, iron it all over. Do not do any stamping by
+this process on a hot or damp day if it can be avoided. Keep the
+powder in a cool, dry place. In stamping with light-colored powder,
+the best way to fasten it is to hold the back of the cloth against the
+stovepipe or the face of the iron. French stamping is better, however,
+for all dark materials. To take the powder up on the distributor, have
+a tin plate with a piece of woolen cloth glued on the bottom, sprinkle
+a little powder on the cloth, and rub the distributor over it, taking
+care to shake off all the powder you can--enough will remain to stamp
+the pattern clearly.
+
+
+                        TO MAKE A DISTRIBUTOR.
+
+Take a strip of fine felt almost an inch wide (a strip from an old
+felt hat is as good as anything), roll it up tightly into a roll,
+leaving the end flat, and rub the end over a piece of sand paper to
+make it smooth and even.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE BLUE POWDER.
+
+Take equal parts of gum damar and white rosin and just enough Persian
+blue to color it. Mix well together.
+
+Other colors are made the same, using for coloring chrome yellow (for
+light-colored powder), burnt sienna, lampblack, etc. Black powder is
+improved by adding a little blue to it.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE WHITE POWDER.
+
+Take one ounce white lead; half ounce gum arabic, in the impalpable
+powder; half ounce white rosin, in the fine powder. All well mixed.
+
+
+                      SUPERIOR DARK BLUE POWDER.
+
+One ounce white rosin; one half ounce gum sandarac; one half ounce
+Prussian blue, in fine powder. Mix all thoroughly.
+
+
+                      FRENCH INDELIBLE STAMPING.
+
+This is the best process for all dark materials; in fact, this and the
+blue powder are all that will ever be needed. By this process a kind
+of paint is used instead of powder, and a brush instead of a pouncet.
+Place the pattern on the cloth, smooth side up if you can (though
+either side will work well), weight the pattern down as in stamping.
+Rub the paint evenly over the perforations, and it will leave the
+lines clean, sharp and distinct. After the stamping is done, the
+pattern must be cleaned immediately. This is done by placing the
+pattern on the table and turning benzine or naphtha over it to cut the
+paint and then wiping the pattern dry on both sides with an old cloth,
+or, better still, with common waste--such as machinists use to clean
+machinery; this is cheap and absorbs the paint and naphtha quickly.
+Hold the pattern up to the light to see if the holes are all clear; if
+they are not, wash it the second time. Do not use the pattern for
+powder immediately after it has been washed; let it dry a short time,
+otherwise the moistened gum will clog the perforations.
+
+
+                          TO MAKE THE PAINT.
+
+Take zinc white, mix it with boiled oil to about the thickness of
+cream, add a little drying, such as painters use. Keep in a tin pail
+(one holding about a pint is a good size); have a piece of board cut
+round, with a screw in the center for a handle, to fit _loosely_ into
+the pail; drop this on the paint and it will keep it from drying up.
+Add a little oil occasionally to keep the paint from growing too
+thick, and it will always be ready for use.
+
+
+                              THE BRUSH.
+
+Take a fine stencil brush (or any brush with a square end), wind it
+tightly with a string from the handle down to within one half inch of
+the end; this will make it just stiff enough to distribute the paint
+well. Keep the brush in water, to keep it from drying up, taking care
+to wipe off the water before using.
+
+
+                         THE CARE OF PATTERNS.
+
+New patterns, before being used, should be rubbed over on the rough
+side with a smooth piece of pumice stone; this wears off the burr and
+makes the stamping come out cleaner and finer. When patterns are so
+large that they have to be folded, iron out the creases before using
+them. After using the patterns for powder stamping, snap the pattern
+to shake the powder from the perforations. After using the patterns
+for paint stamping they should be washed thoroughly with naphtha until
+the perforations are all perfectly clear. Keep the naphtha away from
+the fire. After the pattern has been washed, do not use it for powder
+until it has had time to thoroughly dry, otherwise it will gum up the
+holes and spoil the pattern.
+
+If these directions are carefully followed the stamping will always be
+satisfactory.--_Popular Art Instructor._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+
+                             BRONZE WORK.
+
+
+Bronzing is the latest improvement in waxwork, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive artistic bronze. It answers
+for table, mantel, and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to dust
+and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted with
+a feather duster like any piece of furniture, and is a very desirable
+and inexpensive ornament.
+
+The colors required in bronze are: Silver bronze, gold bronze, copper
+bronze, fire bronze, and green bronze.
+
+
+                  THE ART OF MAKING A VASE IN BRONZE.
+
+For instruction, let us take a vase to be finished in copper bronze.
+First the vase must be molded. The casting material is one part wax,
+one part spermaceti, two parts mutton tallow. Melt the three articles
+together and color with burnt umber. Have a coil of fine hair wire,
+cut into one-half inch lengths, and when the mixture is melted to the
+consistency of thick cream stir in the cut wire by degrees until there
+is a sprinkling of it throughout the mixture; then pour into the
+elastic mold and let stand till perfectly cold and solid; then loosen
+the sections of the mold and take it out. Should any of the ends of
+the wire project, they can be cut with a pair of sharp scissors. Trim
+the seams caused by the sections of the mold; then take a piece of
+soft flannel cloth, dip it in the refined spirits of turpentine and
+polish the vase with it, after which it is ready for bronzing.
+
+Take copper bronze No. 4000, and with the tinting brush bronze the
+vase evenly, and polish it with a soft piece of white silk. Now take
+another brush and with copper bronze No. 6000 give it the last coat
+The vase is now ready for draping. The most simple drapery is an ivy
+vine. Take an embossed ivy leaf (or embossed muslin leaves, as they
+are named), lay a fine wire along its midrib, leaving two or three
+inches of wire for stem; cover the leaf with brown sheet wax, press
+them together well with the finger and thumb to make the wax adhere to
+the leaf, get the impression, and hold the wire firmly; then lay
+another piece of wax on the under side, press the edges together and
+cut away the superfluous wax, leaving the edge plain (the ivy leaf is
+not serrated), cover the wire stem with wax and the leaf is ready for
+bronzing. Rub both sides with turpentine, give one coat of bronze No.
+4000, then the last coat of bronze No. 6000. When all the leaves are
+finished, weave them into a spray, grading them from large to small
+till the end of the vine is reached, then bronze and drape around the
+vase in an easy, natural way.
+
+The natural fall leaves, pressed, make pretty draperies for these
+kinds of vases. Sprays of mixed leaves, oak leaves and acorns, small
+maple leaves, the holly leaf and berry, mixed ivy and fern leaves, and
+many other kinds of leaves and vines are equally pretty.
+
+
+                 THE ART OF MAKING A MOTTO IN BRONZE.
+
+Take a box frame of the ordinary motto-frame size (gilt face) and line
+it with either crimson or royal purple velvet, and it is ready for any
+design. The word "Welcome" is the simplest to begin with. Take a thick
+blotting pad, lay it on a table, rub some arrowroot or rice power over
+its upper surface, and lay a sheet of either calla or pond lily wax,
+_extra thick_, on this powdered surface. Select the style of letter
+preferred; German text is very appropriate for the motto "Welcome."
+Cut the pattern letters out in pasteboard, or any kind of thick paper,
+if tin letter-cutters are not convenient.
+
+Begin with the letter W. Lay it on the sheet of wax and cut out the
+waxen letter after the pattern with a penknife previously dipped in
+water. Next cut the E, and so on till the seven letters are cut out,
+care being taken to powder the blotter every time a new sheet of wax
+is laid on. Lay the back of the box on the table, having melted glue
+ready, and with a camel's-hair brush apply a small portion of it to
+the back of each letter as it is set in its relative position,
+pressing it gently against the velvet with the palm of the hand. The
+letters should be set an inch apart, and when all on the frame should
+be set away until the glue is thoroughly dry and the waxen letters
+adhere firmly to the velvet, then they are ready for ornamenting. This
+is done in various ways, and all depends on the artist's taste, but a
+few suggestions may not be amiss.
+
+Take a two-inch fern-cutter and cut the ferns out of double sheet wax;
+then bronze them as directed on both sides, either with gold or silver
+bronze. Begin with draping the letter W. Take the stem end of the fern
+leaf and with the bead end of the curling-pin fasten it to the lower
+side of the letter; then turn it over and fasten it down in the
+middle, letting the point turn outward. Set the ferns on the letters
+in such a way as not to obscure their form, _i. e._, the form of the
+letters. If the motto is made in white wax it should be frosted with
+diamond dust.
+
+A pretty style of motto is clasped hands in the center, of pure white
+wax, surrounded with sprays of fine flowers and buds, finished in fire
+bronze.
+
+Another style of motto is a vase in the center, from which vines in
+different colors of bronze run. Green, fire, and copper bronzing
+should have a light background; silver and gold bronzing should have a
+dark background.
+
+
+             THE ART OF MAKING A FLORAL BASKET IN BRONZE.
+
+Take a medium-sized basket (chip or any solid substance), brush it
+with glue on the inside, fill it with moss, and set it away to dry
+till the moss is stuck to the basket. The moss should be raised in the
+center in the form of a mound. Have the wax sheeted in carmine. Make
+the center of the basket in roses, rosebuds, and carnations, as they
+are the most durable. Mold the petals over the embossed muslin petals
+and bronze them with fire bronze--Nos. 4000 and 6000--as previously
+directed. Drape the basket and the handle in smilax, having the wax
+for the smilax sheeted in chrome green; then mold over the embossed
+muslin leaves, bronze in green bronze, and drape loosely. Such a
+basket makes a pretty table ornament.
+
+
+                       DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING.
+
+All kinds of ornaments may be made in bronze--small animals, fish,
+shells, birds, statuary, etc. The mixture for casts should be the same
+shade as the bronze used.
+
+Fish may be bronzed in silver, gold, and copper bronze; shells in
+silver, copper, gold, and some may be tinted with fire bronze on the
+exterior of the shell, but the interior of almost all shells must be
+tinted with paint; dogs in zinc, silver, and copper; birds in almost
+any shade.
+
+
+                        GREEN BRONZE STATUARY.
+
+Prepare the mixture in chrome green No. 1. A little rosin may be added
+and a thick sprinkling of cut wire. Trim the object and rub with
+spirits of turpentine, then apply the green bronze--the two numbers,
+as directed.
+
+
+                        COPPER BRONZE STATUARY.
+
+Prepare the mixture in burnt umber and proceed as directed.
+
+
+                         BRONZING STATUETTES.
+
+Statuettes, or any object in plaster of Paris, may be made to resemble
+bronze by first rendering the plaster nonabsorbent with drying linseed
+oil and then painting it with a varnish made by grinding waste gold
+leaf with honey or gum water.
+
+Another method is by first painting the article, after it has been
+rendered nonabsorbent, of a dark color made of Prussian blue, yellow
+ochre, and verditer, ground in oil. Before this becomes quite dry,
+bronze powder of several colors should be dusted on those most
+prominent parts which may be supposed to have worn bright. Plaster
+casts may also be made to resemble bronze to a certain extent by
+merely brushing them over with graphite, which is a brilliant
+blacklead.
+
+
+               METHOD OF MAKING EMBOSSED MUSLIN LEAVES.
+
+Take a piece of green muslin or calico and size it well with
+isinglass, then take the natural leaf, lay the sized piece of muslin
+over it on the under or veined side of the leaf, let the muslin remain
+on it till almost dry and the impression is set; then with a pair of
+sharp scissors cut the muslin around the leaf, either plain or
+serrated.
+
+The impression may be taken of any leaf or flower in this way. The use
+of muslin leaves tends to make the work more durable and is found very
+convenient for the artist.
+
+
+                   THE ART OF MAKING EXOTIC LEAVES.
+
+The begonia rex makes a beautiful parlor plant. Five or seven leaves
+make a nice-sized plant: Select five or seven healthy begonia leaves
+of different sizes, as no two leaves of the rex are of one size on the
+same plant. Cut the leaves closely off the stem and immerse them in a
+solution of cold water and castile soap. Leave them in this twelve
+hours before using. Melt the wax to the consistency of cream, in
+chrome green, permanent green, dark olive-green, and verdigris-green.
+Now take a leaf out of the soapsuds and lay it on a marble slab,
+keeping the under surface or veined side uppermost; then with a
+camel's-hair brush lay on the melted wax in different shades,
+following the shades of the natural leaf. The soapsuds having made the
+leaf transparent, all the shades and spots can be plainly seen on the
+veined side, which is the side the waxen leaf has to be formed on. The
+belt of light green over the silvery markings of the leaf should be
+put on with verdigris-green. Begin the leaf in the center and continue
+on each side of the midrib till the edge is reached and the leaf has a
+thick coating of wax. Then lay a wire along the midrib or center of
+the leaf, fasten it in the wax by pressing, care being taken to leave
+it long enough for eight or nine inches of stem. Wire must also be
+laid on all the side ribs or veins leading to the midrib. These small
+wires are all brought to the center wire and laid evenly by its side
+till they all come to the stem, where they are all twisted around it
+to form one long, thick stem. Give the leaf another coating of dark
+olive-green wax (this covers the wires), then finish with a thin
+coating of burnt umber tinted with Vandyke brown, and the under
+surface of the leaf is finished. Remove the natural leaf from the
+waxen and tint the veins lightly with carmine. Brush a little carmine
+loosely on the darkest shade in the center of the leaf, and before it
+sticks blow off as much as possible, when enough will be left to give
+it that reddish-green tint peculiar to the begonia rex leaf. The next
+is to finish the silver belt or silvery leaf-markings midway between
+the center and the edge of the leaf. This strip must be rubbed with
+spirits of turpentine; then with the tinting brush apply a coating of
+silver bronze (Nos. 4000 and 6000), care being taken that the bronze
+does not scatter over the leaf. Now the leaf is finished.
+
+If the work is done according to directions, the waxen leaf will be a
+true copy of the original. Continue in the same way till all the
+leaves are made, then wax the stems and run them through the begonia
+stemming, when they may be arranged in their natural growing manner in
+a flowerpot filled with moss; or, if preferred, the flowerpot may be
+filled with wax, in _terre-verte_ green, and the stems must be placed
+in it before the wax gets hard.
+
+
+                     HOW TO MAKE BEGONIA STEMMING.
+
+Procure the bristles of a very young pig, five or six weeks old. After
+washing, put them in a very strong solution of chloride of lime and
+let them remain in it till whitened; then rinse well in warm water
+till free from chlorine. Color them while damp, some in different
+shades of green and some in different shades of brown. After the
+bristles are ready, the next thing is to make the stemming. Take a
+square piece of cambric and fasten it in a stretcher, then give it a
+thick coating of mastic varnish, and when the varnish is dry cut the
+cambric on a true bias into straight strips of different widths, from
+an inch to two inches, and half a yard in length. Lay one of these
+strips on a table or some smooth surface, add another coat of varnish,
+then cover it with glaucous green flock, care being taken to leave a
+narrow margin bare on one side to lap under the other when the piping
+is being made. Dip the bristles in mastic varnish, sprinkle them
+thickly over the flock, and leave for twenty-four hours to dry; when
+thoroughly dry, revarnish the bare edge, and turn it in underneath the
+other edge, thus forming the strip into a pipe, ready to receive the
+wire stems of the leaves. Brown and crimson flock may be used.
+
+For begonia rex, use crimson flock; for the rubra, use glaucous flock;
+and for the palmata, use brown flock. Very good stemming may be made
+by tinting canton flannel, which has a very long nap or pile.
+
+
+                    GERANIUM LEAVES--ROSE GERANIUM.
+
+This leaf is of a dark chrome green. Prepare the wax in two shades,
+dark chrome green and light; immerse the leaves in soapsuds for six
+hours; take out of the soapsuds and lay it on the marble slab. As
+there is neither shading nor marking on the leaf, all that is required
+is to give it a coat of dark chrome green, thick enough to prevent the
+wires from showing; then lay the wires over the veins and coat them
+over with a light shade of green. Remove the natural leaf, and as the
+texture of the rose geranium leaf is rather rough, rub it over with
+green flock mixed with hair powder. The stems may be left in different
+lengths.
+
+The best directions that we can give for the tinting and marking of
+leaves is to copy from nature. The cyclamen leaf is well adapted for
+the practice of marking and tinting.
+
+The leaf of the pond lily, lotus, canna, maranta, rubber tree,
+magnolia, camellia, orange, and all leaves which have a waxy surface,
+should either be varnished or bronzed.
+
+All kinds of leaves may be made by the foregoing directions.--_Popular
+Art Instructor._
+
+
+                             DECALCOMANIA.
+
+This is another name for a style that has been in vogue for an
+indefinite, period of time, and comes under the head of transferring.
+It is almost superfluous to mention the variety of purposes to which
+decalcomania may be applied, as it can be transferred upon everything
+for which ornamentation is required, and the variety of designs which
+are printed especially for it is so great that something may easily be
+procured to suit the taste of the most fastidious.
+
+A few of the articles that may be decorated can be mentioned by way of
+showing what a variety this style of ornamentation will embrace: All
+kinds of crockery, china, porcelain, vases, glass, bookcases, folios,
+boxes, lap desks, ribbons, dresses, etc. The method of transferring
+beautiful designs is so simple, and all the materials requisite for
+the art so easily procured, that it brings it within the means of
+everyone. Flat surfaces are more suitable than concave or convex ones
+for this style of decorating, for when the surface is curved the
+design has to be cut to accommodate the shape, and in this way is
+often spoiled unless done by the most careful and skillful hand. The
+materials required are cement, copal varnish, designs, a duck-quill
+sable, and a flat camel's-hair brush.
+
+Cut your designs neatly with a small pair of scissors, apply the
+cement by means of the sable to the article to be decorated, place on
+your design and press equally over its entire surface to exclude the
+air; dampen it a little and keep pressing equally so that the design
+may adhere firmly in every part. When the cement is sufficiently dry
+dampen again with water (a little more freely) and remove the paper.
+Be careful in manipulating this process, or you will remove some of
+the colored part with it. If such should occur, instantly replace it
+as well as you are able, or, if you have a knowledge of Oriental
+painting, your panacea will be in that. You can retouch with these
+colors and bring it back nearly to its original beauty. In case you
+have no knowledge of Oriental painting, match the colors as nearly as
+possible with water-color paints, allow time to dry, and varnish with
+copal.
+
+Sometimes the cement becomes too thick for use. It may be restored to
+its proper flowing consistency by placing the bottle in a bed of warm
+sand, and can then be applied while warm. If you apply your design to
+a dark groundwork, it would be desirable to give your picture a
+coating of Winsor and Newton's Chinese white. The reason for this is
+that some parts of the picture are semi-transparent, and these would
+lose their brilliancy if transferred directly upon a dark background
+without first painting.
+
+
+                         TO TRANSFER ON WOOD.
+
+Dissolve some salt in soft water, float your engraving on the
+surface--picture side uppermost--and let it remain about an hour. The
+screen, box or table on which you wish to transfer the design should
+be of bird's-eye maple or other light-colored hardwood, varnished with
+the best copal or transfer varnish.
+
+Take the picture from the water, dry a little between blotters, place
+the engraving--picture side downwards--on the varnished wood and
+smooth it nicely. If the picture entirely covers the wood after the
+margin has been cut off so that no varnish is exposed, lay over it a
+thin board, on which place a heavy weight, and leave it for
+twenty-four hours. If you wish but a small picture in the center of
+the surface of the wood, apply the varnish only to a space the size of
+the picture. Dip your finger in the solution of salt and water and
+commence rubbing off the paper; the nearer you come to the engraving
+the more careful you must be, as a hole in it will spoil your work.
+Rub slowly and patiently until you have taken off every bit of the
+paper and left only the black lines and touches of your picture on the
+wood, in an inverted direction. Finish up with two or three coats of
+copal varnish.
+
+
+                         TO TRANSFER ON SILK.
+
+Apply a coating of mastic varnish to the design and allow it to dry;
+then with a brush wash the paper surrounding the design carefully;
+this removes from the paper the preparation, which would otherwise
+soil the silk. Apply a second coating of the same varnish, and when
+this is slightly dried place the design upon the silk or other fabric
+to be decorated, and with the roller press it well down. With the
+brush wet the back of the paper covering the design, when the paper
+may be at once lifted off. Another method is to cut out the design
+carefully and cover it with a thin coating of mastic varnish, and lay
+it upon the silk or other fabric (which should be dampened) and roll
+thoroughly with a rubber roller; dampen the back of the paper with the
+brush and lift it off as previously directed.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE WAX FLOWERS.
+
+The following articles will be required to commence waxwork: Two
+pounds white wax, one quarter pound hair wire, one bottle carmine, one
+bottle ultramarine blue, one bottle chrome yellow, two bottles chrome
+green No. 1, one bottle each of rose pink, royal purple, scarlet
+powder, and balsam fir; two dozen sheets white wax. This will do to
+begin with. Now have a clean tin dish, and pour therein a quart or two
+of water; then put in about one pound of the white wax and let it
+boil. When cool enough so the bubbles will not form on top it is ready
+to sheet, which is done as follows: Take half of a window pane, 7 � 9,
+and, after having washed it clean, dip into a dish containing weak
+soapsuds; then dip into the wax, and draw it out steadily and plunge
+it into the suds, when the sheet will readily come off. Lay it on a
+cloth or clean paper to dry. Proceed in like manner until you have
+enough of the white; then add enough of the green powder to make a
+bright color, and heat and stir thoroughly until the color is evenly
+distributed, then proceed as for sheeting white wax. The other colors
+are rubbed into the leaves after they are cut out, rubbing light or
+heavy according to shade.
+
+For patterns you can use any natural leaf, forming the creases in wax
+with the thumb nail or a needle. To put the flowers together, or the
+leaves on to the stem, hold in the hand until warm enough to stick. If
+the sheeted wax is to be used in summer, put in a little balsam of fir
+to make it hard. If for winter, none will be required.
+
+You can make many flowers without a teacher, but one to assist in the
+commencement would be a great help, though the most particular thing
+about it is to get the wax sheeted. The materials I have suggested can
+be procured at any drug store, and will cost from $3.00 to $4.50.
+
+
+
+
+                            CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+
+Dear lady subscriber, if you are a housekeeper, or ever intend to be
+one, this chapter will more than repay you for what you have given for
+this book. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of your
+household expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles
+you use in your daily household work of a superior quality--vastly
+better than the ones you are using at the present time.
+
+It is a fact not generally known that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the
+price the consumer pays for them. We propose to show the ladies of our
+great Continent how to have, in most instances, better articles than
+those they are in the habit of purchasing, and at a small percentage
+of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own personal investigation,
+gathered a number of valuable recipes together, and have paid for the
+privilege of using them. Remember, these are not common recipes, but a
+full explanation of the manufacture of different articles needed in
+every household; and they combine the embodied wisdom of practical and
+successful men and women of the past and present.
+
+We give in this chapter a number of recipes which have never before
+been published, and which, once possessing, you will never wish to be
+without, as they are truly marvelous discoveries. The first three
+every mother should have; the remainder no housekeeper should be
+without.
+
+No. 1 is
+
+
+                            HEALING SALVE.
+
+This salve heals all sores, chaps, cuts, bruises, sore lips, chafed
+limbs, roughness, etc. It is invaluable as a healing ointment and may
+be applied to the tenderest skin without injury, and yet it will heal
+the most painful sores. A three-ounce box will only cost you ten
+cents, and the directions are so plain that a child can follow them.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take one ounce of sweet oil, one-half ounce of camphor gum,
+and one-half ounce of mutton tallow. Melt all together over a slow
+fire, and stir continually until cold.
+
+_To use:_ Rub on part affected at night; wash off in the morning with
+warm water and castile soap.
+
+No. 2 is
+
+
+                         MAGNETIC CROUP CURE.
+
+This is the best remedy for croup ever discovered. It will save
+parents much trouble and anxiety. With this remedy all that is
+necessary is (if you have any fear of croup on putting your child to
+bed) to take a piece of brown paper large enough to cover the throat
+and chest and spread it with the ointment and put across the throat
+and lungs; place over that several thicknesses of flannel so as to
+keep the stomach warm, and keep in place with a string or bandage. Put
+the child to bed, and you need have no fear of croup that night. This
+ointment is also excellent for cuts, bruises or sores. Twelve cents
+will make enough to last a year, even if you use it frequently.
+
+_Recipe:_ One-half pound of lard, quarter of a pound of raisins,
+quarter pound of fine cut chewing tobacco. In the morning place the
+tobacco in a tin can and cover it with water; set it on the stove and
+let it cook and boil all day, replacing the water when it is
+necessary; then squeeze all the juice from the tobacco. The next
+morning chop your raisins, put them in the tobacco water and cook well
+till noon; then again squeeze the raisins out of this water. Now to
+this water add the lard and let them simmer together until the water
+is evaporated. Now the croup remedy is ready for use. On putting the
+child to bed, if you fear an attack, take a piece of brown paper large
+enough to cover the throat and chest and spread it over with the
+ointment and put it across the throat and lungs. Place over that and
+tie several thicknesses of flannel; put the child to bed, cover up
+warmly, and you need have no fear of croup that night.
+
+If taken with croup unexpectedly, on hearing the cough, spread a piece
+of brown paper with the ointment and lay it across the throat and
+chest; then heat flannel as hot as can be borne and lay over the
+paper; change in about ten minutes for another hot cloth. If no fire
+is on while waiting for it, heat cloths on a lamp chimney. As soon as
+you get the stomach covered and warm, give a teaspoonful of melted
+butter; repeat the dose in five minutes.
+
+No. 3 is
+
+
+                             WORM ELIXIR.
+
+The best remedy for worms known. No mother should be without it. Also,
+if given occasionally it is a splendid preventive. Children will never
+be troubled with worms who are given a dose of this once a month, or
+fortnight.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage
+leaves, and tansy leaves, of each half an ounce; tincture in a pint of
+brandy two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to
+once a month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms
+as long as you do this.
+
+
+                            WORM VERMIFUGE.
+
+Make a strong decoction of sage, two parts; wormseed, one part;
+strain, and add sugar enough to make into candy, and let the child eat
+of it. Infallible.
+
+No. 4 is
+
+
+                 BRILLIANT SELF-SHINING STOVE POLISH.
+
+This is one of the greatest inventions of the age. It has been the
+result of a large amount of study on the part of the inventor to
+perfect a polish that would work easily and satisfactorily in a
+perfectly dry state, thereby obviating the disagreeable task of mixing
+and preparing. A good stove polish is an absolute necessity in every
+family. To be assured that this is the best you need give it only one
+trial. Now, remember, first, that this polish requires no water or
+mixing like the various cake and powder polishes; second, that it is
+self-shining and no labor is required; and third, that it has no equal
+in the world.
+
+Below are the recipe and directions for preparing this polish. You can
+prepare enough in ten minutes to last a year. A box holding two ounces
+will cost but three cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Get from the hardware store plumbago (blacklead), pulverize
+it finely and it is ready for use.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Use a damp woolen rag, dip in the polish and
+apply to the stove; then rub with a dry cloth, and a most beautiful
+polish will appear.
+
+No. 5 is
+
+
+                       WONDERFUL STARCH ENAMEL.
+
+For polishing shirt bosoms, collars, cuffs, lace curtains, etc.,
+putting on the same gloss and hard pearl finish as when bought at the
+store new. Every lady should use the wonderful enamel for the
+following reasons: It enables an ordinary ironer to compete with any
+laundry; it makes the clothes clear and white; it makes clothes iron
+smoothly, and prevents the iron sticking; it makes old linen look
+like new; and it saves a woman many hours' hard work each week. It is
+easily made, and five cents' worth will last an ordinary family six
+months.
+
+_Recipe:_ Melt half a pound of refined paraffine wax in a tin pan over
+a slow fire. When melted remove from the fire and add twenty drops of
+oil of citronella. Take a tin pan and oil with sweet oil, put the pan
+on a level table, and pour in enough of the hot wax to make a depth of
+an eighth of an inch. When cool, but not cold, cut in pieces about the
+size of an ordinary candy lozenge. Lay them aside to cool, but do not
+let them touch each other.
+
+_Directions for use:_ To a pint of boiling starch stir in one cake.
+Use starch while warm.
+
+No. 6 is
+
+
+                         ROYAL WASHING POWDER
+
+--the laundress' assistant; warranted not to injure the finest fabric.
+No acid; no potash. In the wash room it saves time, labor, expense,
+muscle, temper, and hands. The clothes will come out cleaned and
+white, without wear or tear or rubbing on washboards, therefore will
+last twice as long. For housecleaning it is unequaled. One girl can
+wash more clothes, paint, walls, windows or floors in a day with
+perfect ease with this powder than she could in four days with hard
+labor, soap, and scrubbing brush, and the paint will look new and
+bright. It only requires to be tested to be appreciated. Packages of
+one pound will only cost seven cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Mix any quantity of soda ash with an equal quantity of
+carbonate of soda crushed into coarse grains. Have a thin solution of
+glue or decoction of linseed oil ready, into which pour the soda until
+quite thick. Spread out in a warm apartment to dry. When dry shake up
+well and pack away for use. Use as other washing powders.
+
+No. 7 is
+
+
+                          MAGIC ANNIHILATOR.
+
+Removes all kinds of grease and oil spots from every kind of
+wearing-apparel--such as coats, pants, vests, dress goods, carpets,
+etc.--without injury to the finest silks or laces. It will shampoo
+like a charm, raising the lather in proportion to the amount of
+dandruff and grease in the hair. A cloth wet with it will remove all
+grease from door knobs, window sills, etc., handled by kitchen
+domestics in their daily round of kitchen work. For cleaning silver,
+brass, and copper ware it cannot be beaten. It is certain death to
+bedbugs, for they will never stop after they have encountered the
+Magic Annihilator. It is useful for many other things. A quart bottle
+costs about ten cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ To make half a gallon, take aqua ammonia, one pint; soft
+water, one-half gallon; best white soap, one-half pound; saltpetre,
+one ounce. Shave the soap fine, add the water, boil until the soap is
+dissolved, then add the saltpetre, stirring until dissolved. Now
+strain, let the suds settle, skim off the dry suds, add the ammonia,
+and bottle and cork at once.
+
+_Directions for use:_ For grease spots, pour upon the article to be
+cleaned a sufficient quantity of the Magic Annihilator, rubbing well
+with a clean sponge and applying to both sides of the article. Upon
+carpets and coarse goods where the grease is hard and dry use a stiff
+brush and wash out with clear cold water. For shampooing, take a small
+quantity, with an equal quantity of water; apply to the hair with a
+stiff brush, brushing into the scalp, and wash out with clear water.
+For killing bedbugs, apply to the places they frequent.
+
+No. 8 is
+
+
+                         I X L BAKING POWDER.
+
+An unsurpassed article. Can be relied on for strength and purity. So
+many of the baking powders sold contain injurious substances and are
+altogether unreliable. This powder can be relied on for strength and
+purity. It produces the most delightfully white, light and flaky
+biscuits. For cakes it is unsurpassed. Try it and be convinced. This
+powder is composed of the very best and purest substances, and
+therefore is perfectly wholesome. Any lady can prepare enough in a few
+minutes to last her six months. It will only cost a trifle--not
+one-quarter of what you would have to pay your grocer for the same
+amount.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take one pound of _tartaric_ acid (in _crystals_), one and
+one-half pounds bicarbonate of soda, and one and one-half pounds of
+potato or corn starch. Each must be powdered separately, well dried by
+a slow fire, and well mixed through a sieve. Pack hard in a tin, or
+paper glazed on the outside. Buy the articles from a druggist.
+
+_Directions for use:_ For biscuits, pie crust, johnnycake, etc., use
+three teaspoonfuls to one quart of flour or meal; for cakes, two
+teaspoonfuls to a teacup of flour. Mix well with the flour.
+
+No. 9 is
+
+
+                           ELECTRIC POWDER.
+
+This is one of the best articles on our list--something that every
+housekeeper needs. It is used for gold, silver, plated ware, German
+silver, copper, brass, tin, steel, window glass, or any material where
+a brilliant luster is required. To make two ounces costs but three
+cents, and it is the best article of its kind known.
+
+_Recipe:_ To one pound best quality whiting add one-half pound cream
+tartar and three ounces calcined magnesia. Mix thoroughly together and
+store away for use.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Use the polish dry, with a piece of canton
+flannel moistened with water or alcohol, and finish with the polish
+dry.
+
+No. 10 is
+
+
+                FRENCH POLISH OR DRESSING FOR LEATHER.
+
+This is a grand article. All that is necessary is to have your boots
+clean and apply this dressing with a sponge. The boots appear like the
+very best French leather. Much hard work is saved, as no brushing is
+required. To make a quart vessel full will only cost about twenty
+cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Mix half a pint of the best vinegar with a quarter pint of
+soft water; stir into it one ounce of glue (broken up), two ounces
+log-wood chips, one-sixteenth ounce of finely-powdered indigo,
+one-sixteenth ounce of the best soft soap, one-sixteenth ounce of
+isinglass. Put the mixture over the fire, let it boil ten minutes or
+more; then strain, bottle and cork. When cold it is fit for use. Apply
+with a sponge.
+
+No. 11 is
+
+
+                           ARTIFICIAL HONEY.
+
+Equal to bee honey, and often mistaken by the best judges to be
+genuine. It is palatable and luxurious. All persons are more or less
+aware that honey should be used in every household, and it would be so
+if every family could have it at a very moderate price. As a
+health-establishing nutriment in the chamber of the invalid, and as a
+delicious luxury for the well, honey cannot be too highly recommended.
+Any one using this honey regularly will find that he is strengthened
+and refreshed by it. He will have greater energy and if at all
+inclined to dyspepsia will find himself greatly helped. This honey
+costs but eight cents per pound to prepare, and our directions are so
+simple a child ten years old can follow them.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take two ounces of slippery elm bark and put into three
+quarts of warm water and let it stand four hours; strain and add eight
+pounds of white sugar; boil four minutes; then add one pound of bee
+honey while hot. Flavor with a drop of the oil of peppermint and a
+drop of the oil of rose.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Any lady will readily see what a saving the possession of the above
+recipes may cause in her household expense. Thus, you can get a ten
+cent box of stove polish for three cents, a twenty-five cent package
+of washing powder for seven cents, a twenty-five cent box of starch
+enamel for five cents, etc. Any of the articles contained in the list
+will take but a short time to prepare a large supply.
+
+
+                     POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES.
+
+The first thing to do in a case of poisoning is to cause the ejection
+of the poison by vomiting. To do this, place mustard mixed with salt
+on the tongue and give large quantities of lukewarm water; or, tickle
+the throat with a feather. These failing, instantly resort to active
+emetics, like tartar emetic, sulphate of copper or sulphate of zinc.
+After vomiting has taken place with these, aid it, if possible, by
+copious draughts of warm water until the poison is entirely removed.
+Of course, if vomiting cannot be induced the stomach pump must be
+employed, especially if arsenic or narcotics have been taken. The
+following table may be useful for emergencies:--
+
+    POISONS.                                 ANTIDOTES.
+    Acids,                       Alkalies: Soap and milk, chalk or soda.
+    Alkalies,                    Vegetable acids, vinegar, oil in
+                                 abundance.
+    Alcohol,                     Common salt, moderately.
+    Arsenic,                     Send for the doctor and his stomach pump.
+    Antimony,                    Oak bark, strong green tea.
+    Baryta or lime,              Epsom salts, oils, magnesia.
+    Bismuth,                     White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Copper,                      White of eggs, strong coffee.
+    Gases,                       Cold douche, followed by friction.
+    Iodine,                      Starch, wheat flour in water.
+    Creosote,                    White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Lead,                        Strong lemonade, Epsom salts.
+    Opium and other narcotics,   Emetics, cold douche, and heat.
+    Phosphorus,                  Magnesia in copious draughts.
+    Zinc,                        White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Mad-dog bite,                Apply fire in some form to the wound,
+                                 thoroughly and immediately.
+    Bite of insect,              Ammonia, applied freely.
+    Bite of serpent,             Same as for mad dog, followed by whisky
+                                 to intoxication.
+
+The foregoing are the more common and more important poisons and their
+antidotes.--_Buckeye._
+
+
+                            TURKISH LOTION.
+
+_The New and Wonderful Discovery for Beautifying the Skin._
+
+Gives to a woman of forty the fresh, bright complexion of a girl. No
+more wrinkles, crow's-feet or sallowness.
+
+Turkish Lotion completely cures freckles, pimples, blackheads, moles
+and superfluous hair, tan, greasy skin, blotches, redness, sore or
+chapped lips, chapped and red, rough hands; and, best of all,
+completely eradicates and prevents wrinkles, crow's-feet, and
+sallowness.
+
+Turkish Lotion creates a perfect complexion.
+
+After using Turkish Lotion for a short time a lady's skin will be as
+exquisitely soft and velvety, as clear and pure, as that of a little
+child. It is not an artificial cosmetic, but a cleansing, refining,
+whitening tonic. It feeds and nourishes the skin, preventing and
+banishing wrinkles, crow's-feet, and sallowness. It is perfectly
+harmless and composed of the purest ingredients.
+
+Turkish Lotion is invaluable to every lady. It conceals the evidences
+of age. By its use a lady of middle-age will have the charming, fresh
+look of a girl. Every womanly woman desires to appear fresh and
+youthful as long as possible, thereby making herself the wonder of her
+own sex and the admiration of the opposite. By using this lotion
+according to directions every lady may have a fresh, rosy tinted
+complexion of exquisite pearly fairness, free from wrinkles,
+crow's-feet, and sallowness.
+
+One application will make the most stubbornly red and rough hands
+beautifully soft and white.
+
+Turkish Lotion is not a paint or powder, but a new and great
+discovery--a cleansing, healing, whitening tonic that causes the cheek
+to glow with healthy action of the skin, and the neck, arms and hands
+to assume an exquisite pearly whiteness. By its use all redness and
+roughness is prevented and the skin is beautified and rendered soft,
+smooth, and white, thereby imparting a delicate, refined loveliness
+impossible to describe. Any lady using Turkish Lotion will present a
+fresh, youthful, natural appearance, with a pearly, rose-tinted
+complexion that is positively bewitching. It is without doubt the best
+face lotion ever discovered, being as it is a medicated lotion
+possessing healing qualities. Many ladies are troubled during cold
+weather with sore lips, rough, parched skin, and chapped hands upon
+the slightest exposure. By moistening at night with this wash the
+parts affected, all soreness and roughness will be completely cured
+and the face and hands will be as delicately soft and smooth as those
+of a little child.
+
+No one need suffer any longer from any defect of the skin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Recipe for Turkish Lotion:_ To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum
+benzoin add seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half
+ounce of glycerine.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Bathe face, neck, and hands with Turkish Lotion
+at night, letting it dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very
+little pure white castile soap and soft water. If the water is hard,
+add a very little dissolved borax. This will prevent and cure greasy
+skin, freckles, tan, wrinkles, pimples, blackheads, crow's-feet,
+blotches, sunburn, chapped hands, sore lips, rough skin, etc.
+
+_To Cure Sallowness:_ Use as above directed, and ask your druggist for
+some good iron tablets. Take as directed. In a short time your
+complexion will be beautifully white and rose-tinted.
+
+_To Remove Hairy Moles and Superfluous Hair:_ Procure prepared pumice
+stone from your druggist; cut the hair as close as possible to the
+skin, dip the pumice in cold water and rub on the part on which the
+hairs grow, commencing gently at first (as it may cause slight
+irritation of the skin), then gradually increase the friction. After
+using the pumice stone, anoint freely each time with Turkish Lotion.
+Do this twice daily, and it will surely remove superfluous hair.
+
+Always, after using Turkish Lotion, rub gently with the hands until
+the skin becomes dry. This will remove and prevent wrinkles and
+lines.
+
+
+
+
+                                INDEX.
+
+
+                                                        PAGE.
+Almond paste for the hands,                               48
+Apt to be hasty,                                          80
+All is fair in love and war,                              81
+Age to marry, the best,                                   99
+Age of puberty to marriage, from the,                    107
+A happy marriage, the basis of,                          118
+Abortion,                                                128
+Abortion, the cause of,                                  129
+Abortion, means of preventing,                           133
+Amenorrhoea--suppression of the menses,                  140
+Alterative, or liver powder,                             147
+Anti-dyspeptic pills,                                    147
+Ague pills,                                              148
+Ague drops,                                              149
+Anodyne headache pills,                                  149
+Arrowroot jelly,                                         157
+Arrowroot gruel,                                         159
+Autumn leaves and ferns, to prepare,                     181
+Articles of white zephyr, to clean,                      184
+Artificial honey,                                        205
+
+Breath, to purify the,                                    31
+Bleach and purify the skin, to,                           31
+Bloom rose,                                               34
+Brilliant, beautiful eyes, how to have,                   35
+Beautiful eyelashes, how to have,                         36
+Beautiful mouth and lips, to have a,                      39
+Bleaching lotion,                                         47
+Baldness, to cure,                                        61
+Bleach the hair, to,                                      63
+Boston Burnet powder,                                     65
+Birth of the first child,                                 89
+Bleeding at the lungs,                                   151
+Barley water,                                            157
+Bread jelly,                                             159
+Beef liquid,                                             159
+Beef tea,                                                160
+Bedbugs, to get rid of,                                  166
+Bleach the leaves, to,                                   181
+Bluing,                                                  183
+Blue powder, to make,                                    188
+Brush, the,                                              189
+Bronze work,                                             191
+Bronzing, directions for,                                193
+Bronzing statuettes,                                     194
+Begonia stemming, to make,                               195
+Brilliant self-shining stove polish,                     202
+
+Cleopatra's freckle balm,                                 29
+Cure profuse perspiration, to,                            31
+Cleopatra's enamel,                                       31
+Cure freckles, to,                                        31
+Cosmetic bath, a,                                         32
+Certain cure for eruptions,                               34
+Clear the complexion, to,                                 34
+Cure and refine a blotched skin, to,                      34
+Cure and prevent wrinkles, to,                            34
+Cure weak eyes, to,                                       36
+Cure watery and inflamed eyes, to,                        37
+Care of the teeth, the,                                   40
+Cure foul breath, to,                                     44
+Cure toothache, to,                                       44
+Camphorated chalk,                                        45
+Camphor paste,                                            45
+Cure red hands, to,                                       48
+Coarse hands, to whiten,                                  49
+Chapped hands,                                            51
+Cause the skin to become satin-smooth, to,                51
+Cause the bloom of youth to return,                       52
+Cause the hair to grow, to,                               60
+Charm those whom you meet, to,                            72
+Courtship a momentous matter,                             83
+Conception,                                              121
+Change, a remarkable,                                    121
+Changes in the breast,                                   122
+Childbirth a natural process,                            123
+Cramps of the legs, etc.,                                126
+Chlorosis, or green sickness,                            137
+Cessation of the menses--change of life,                 141
+Cathartic and liver pills,                               147
+Certain remedy for ague,                                 148
+Consumption, for,                                        151
+Cough syrup,                                             152
+Cough mixture,                                           152
+Compound tincture of myrrh,                              152
+Cordial for summer complaints,                           153
+Coffee milk,                                             160
+Crust, coffee,                                           161
+Cranberry water,                                         161
+Chicken broth,                                           161
+Calves'-foot jelly,                                      162
+Chambers,                                                176
+Coffee starch,                                           183
+Copper bronze,                                           194
+
+Decayed teeth, for,                                       44
+Decayed teeth, mixture for,                               46
+Dye the hair flaxen, to,                                  63
+Days of the week--their importance,                       68
+Duration of pregnancy,                                   123
+Diet, the,                                               124
+Detection of pregnancy, sure test for the,               127
+Delayed menstruation,                                    135
+Duty of mothers,                                         135
+Dyspeptic ley,                                           148
+Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy,                             154
+Deafness,                                                155
+Drink in dysentery,                                      161
+Drunkenness, to cure,                                    168
+Different kinds of perfume, to make,                     169
+Dining-room,                                             177
+Do your own stamping, how to,                            187
+Dry stamping,                                            188
+Distributor, to make a,                                  188
+Dark blue powder,                                        189
+Decalcomania,                                            196
+
+Eruptions,                                                24
+Extreme paleness,                                         26
+Excoriations,                                             28
+Eyes, to cure weak,                                       36
+Eyes, to care watery and inflamed,                        37
+Eyes, general care of,                                    37
+Eyelashes, to improve the,                                36
+Eyelashes, to have beautiful,                             36
+Elegant hair, to have,                                    60
+Electrical psychology,                                    69
+Early marriage,                                           99
+Everything for love,                                     111
+Expectorant tincture,                                    152
+Eggs,                                                    165
+Extract the essential oil from flowers, to,              168
+Enamel for shirt bosoms,                                 184
+Exotic leaves,                                           194
+Electric powder,                                         205
+
+Freckles,                                                 25
+Freckles, to remove,                                      29
+Flesh-worms, to remove,                                   30
+French face wash,                                         32
+French lip salve,                                         40
+Fine tooth powder,                                        44
+Finger nails, the,                                        49
+French remedy for baldness,                               63
+Fortunate and unfortunate days,                           67
+Fondness for cousins,                                     95
+Flirtation,                                               96
+False sense of duty,                                     112
+Falling of the womb,                                     143
+Fever powder,                                            149
+French milk porridge,                                    160
+Fluid, No. 1, 2, and 3,                                  163
+Fresh-blown flowers in winter,                           166
+Flour starch,                                            184
+Fine starch,                                             184
+Fruit stains,                                            185
+Flannels, to wash,                                       186
+Floral basket in bronze,                                 193
+French polish for leather,                               205
+
+German lip salve,                                         41
+Golden hair secret, the,                                  62
+Gestation, period of,                                    122
+Gum acacia restorative,                                  164
+Get rid of bedbugs and mosquitoes, how to,               166
+Gall soap,                                               183
+Grease, to take out,                                     185
+Green bronze,                                            193
+Geranium leaves,                                         196
+
+Hands, chapped,                                           51
+Hair, the,                                                52
+Hair restorative,                                         61
+Hair, to bleach,                                          63
+Hair, to dye flaxen,                                      63
+Hair, keeping curled and crimped,                         63
+Hair, powder for preserving,                              64
+Hair to make grow quickly,                                64
+Hair falling out, to prevent,                             65
+Human temperaments, the,                                  66
+How to charm those whom you meet,                         72
+Hop bitters,                                             146
+Home decoration,                                         171
+House plants, to care for,                               179
+Healing salve,                                           200
+
+Itch, the,                                                17
+Improve the skin, to,                                     33
+Improving the hair, for,                                  63
+Important advice to females,                              68
+Inverted toe-nail,                                       156
+Irish moss jelly,                                        158
+Isinglass jelly,                                         158
+Iron rust, to remove,                                    185
+I X L baking powder,                                     204
+
+Kalydor for the complexion,                               33
+
+Lemon cream,                                              29
+Lip salve, white, No. 1,                                  40
+Lip salve, No. 2,                                         40
+Love and respect,                                         77
+Love and marriage,                                        94
+Leucorrhoea, whites, flour albus,                        144
+Laziness, to cure,                                       168
+
+Milk of roses,                                            33
+Mouth pastilles,                                          44
+Mixture for shampoo,                                      64
+Mesmerism,                                                70
+Marriage,                                                 73
+Married people,                                          102
+Monogamy,                                                116
+Marriage customs,                                        117
+Morning sickness,                                        126
+Menstruation,                                            134
+Malt infusion,                                           164
+Milk for infants,                                        165
+Magnetic croup cure,                                     201
+Magic annihilator,                                       203
+
+Necessary evils,                                         109
+Nutritive fluids,                                        162
+
+Preparation for whitening the skin,                       30
+Pimples, to remove,                                       32
+Pomade d'Hebe,                                            34
+Preservative tincture for the teeth,                      45
+Powder for preserving the hair,                           64
+Polygamy,                                                125
+Polyandry,                                               117
+Pregnancy, labor, parturition,                           121
+Parturient balm,                                         128
+Premature labor,                                         128
+Pills for asthma,                                        151
+Pills for chronic bronchitis,                            151
+Pills for neuralgia,                                     151
+Pills for dysentery,                                     150
+Pile ointment,                                           155
+Panado,                                                  160
+Prevent horses being teased by flies,                    167
+Prevent flies lighting on windows, pictures, etc.,       167
+Poisons and their antidotes,                             206
+
+Rouge, liquid,                                            33
+Rye tooth powder,                                         45
+Red hands, to cure,                                       48
+Rough hands, to cure,                                     49
+Rheumatic pills,                                         150
+Rice water,                                              157
+Refreshing drink, a,                                     157
+Rice,                                                    158
+Rice jelly,                                              158
+Rice gruel,                                              158
+Restorative jelly,                                       160
+Render paper fireproof, to,                              168
+Royal washing powder,                                    203
+Rashes and redness,                                       27
+
+Skin, the,                                                22
+Scurf, scurvy,                                            27
+Soften and whiten the skin,                               30
+Soft, white hands,                                        46
+Sexual intercourse--its laws and conditions,             105
+Seduction,                                               110
+Soothing cough mixture,                                  152
+Scrofulous syrup,                                        153
+Sago gruel,                                              159
+Scorch, to take out,                                     183
+
+Turkish lotion,                                          207
+
+Wrinkles,                                                 28
+Wrinkles, to remove,                                      35
+Wrinkles, lotion for,                                     35
+Wrinkles, wash for,                                       35
+Wash for scald heads,                                     65
+Whiten the skin, to,                                      65
+Warts,                                                    51
+Waterproof boots, to prepare,                            168
+Worm elixir,                                             201
+Wonderful starch enamel,                                 203
+
+
+
+
+                          TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
+
+
+Obvious typographical errors have been fixed. See below for the
+detailed list.
+
+page  11--typo fixed: changed 'Decalcomanie' to 'Decalcomania'
+page  14--typo fixed: changed 'Feuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'
+page  15--typo fixed: changed 'Montey' to 'Montez'
+page  27--typo fixed: changed 'expoliation' to 'exfoliation'
+page  31--typo fixed: changed 'pitachia' to 'pistachia'
+page  32--typo fixed: changed 'skum' to 'scum'
+page  39--typo fixed: changed 'domimonde' to 'demimonde'
+page  43--typo fixed: changed 'opreation' to 'operation'
+page  44--typo fixed: changed 'Teuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'
+page  45--typo fixed: changed 'Talk' to 'Take'
+page  51--typo fixed: changed 'particulary' to 'particularly'
+page  59--typo fixed: changed 'strengh' to 'strength'
+page  72--typo fixed: changed 'magnitized' to 'magnetized'
+page  72--typo fixed: changed 'through' to 'though'
+page  90--typo fixed: changed 'bady' to 'baby'
+page  93--typo fixed: changed 'elevaton' to 'elevation'
+page 101--typo fixed: changed 'eighteeth' to 'eighteenth'
+page 102--typo fixed: changed 'probabilty' to 'probability'
+page 106--typo fixed: changed 'Carpentar' to 'Carpenter'
+page 122--typo fixed: changed 'preceptible' to 'perceptible'
+page 128--typo fixed: changed 'increase' to 'increases'
+page 153--typo fixed: changed 'rhubard' to 'rhubarb'
+page 155--typo fixed: changed 'corbonate' to 'carbonate'
+page 191--typo fixed: changed 'tupentine' to 'turpentine'
+page 202--typo fixed: changed 'diagreeable' to 'disagreeable'
+page 206--typo fixed: changed 'flower' to 'flour'
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Ladies Book of Useful Information
+       Compiled from many sources
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2008 [EBook #26368]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LADIES BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Irma Spehar and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
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+(www.canadiana.org))
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>THE LADIES' BOOK<br />
+<span style="font-size: 60%">OF</span><br />
+USEFUL INFORMATION.</h1>
+
+<p class="center" style="font-size: 70%">COMPILED FROM MANY SOURCES.</p>
+
+<p class="publisher">London, Ont.:<br />
+<span class="smcap">London Printing &amp; Lithographing Co. (Ltd.)</span><br />
+1896.</p>
+
+<p class="copyright">Entered according to Act of the Parliament
+of Canada, in the year 1897, on behalf of the
+unnamed author, by P.&nbsp;J. Edmunds, at the Department
+of Agriculture.<span style="padding-left: 1.5em">ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.</span></p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="Preface" id="Preface"></a>Preface.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></h2>
+
+
+<p>To the ladies of America is this little work, &#8220;<span class="smcap">The Ladies' Book of
+Useful Information</span>,&#8221; dedicated. It is a book written expressly
+for women. This book is full from cover to cover of useful and
+necessary information for women. Never before has so much knowledge
+with which women should be acquainted been printed in one book. It is
+a perfect storehouse of useful facts. Almost every lady spends many
+dollars every year for cosmetics, medicines, household articles, etc., which
+this book would save her.</p>
+
+<p>This is a book which every lady should have, and which every mother
+should place in the hands of her daughters as they come to years of
+understanding. Every girl of twelve and upwards should read this
+valuable work.</p>
+
+<p>Many books costing from three to five dollars do not contain half
+the information contained in this work. Everything described in this
+preface is taught in this book.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches ladies the secret of Youth, Beauty, Health.</p>
+
+<p>The first chapter teaches all about Personal Beauty.</p>
+
+<p>Every lady desires to be beautiful, and it is the duty of every woman
+to be as attractive as possible. All may enhance their charms and be
+lovely by following the directions of this book. Few persons know how
+to improve their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the
+admiration of those whom they meet. This book tells the wonderful
+secret&mdash;all the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered
+since. It teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness.
+The real secret of changing an ordinary looking person into one of great
+beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for us,
+but art must make the perfect man or woman.</p>
+
+<p>If you desire bright, melting eyes, a clear, soft, rose-tinted complexion,
+beautiful hands and graceful figure, well-developed and perfect, use the
+knowledge which you will find in this book.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to acquire a beautiful, delicate loveliness which cannot
+be surpassed, and which can be retained to a very late age. By
+means of this teaching a woman of thirty-five or forty can easily pass for
+a girl of twenty-five.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age, and how to make the
+most stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white.
+Remember that &#8220;<span class="smcap">The Ladies' Book of Useful Information</span>&#8221; does
+not teach the use of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but
+how to make the <i>cheek glow</i> with health, and the <i>neck</i>, <i>arms</i> and <i>hands</i>
+to rival the lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy Skin,
+Freckles, Pimples, Wrinkles, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches, Face
+Grubs, Tan, Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to cure and prevent redness and roughness, and to
+make the skin soft, smooth, white and delicate, producing a perfectly
+natural appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin, so
+that it will be clear and white.</p>
+
+<p>It tells what has never before been published: How to restore
+a fair, rosy complexion to its original freshness, after it has become sallow
+and faded. This is a wonderful secret, and is sure in its results. It will
+also cause those who have always been pale to have beautiful, bright,
+rosy cheeks, and the eyes to be brilliant and sparkling.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this book. The most coarse,
+rough, red hands will, by following this teaching, become beautifully
+delicate and white, and it causes very little trouble to care for them.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and
+to have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin
+of the scalp healthy, to cure Dandruff, to prevent the hair falling, and to
+have it of a nice glossy hue.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes; also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure
+sore and chapped lips.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet,
+Bad Breath, etc.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to bleach, purify and whiten the most stubbornly
+red, rough skin, so that it will be beautifully clear and white; and a
+complexion that is naturally passable will be admired by all who see it
+after being treated as here described.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>The second chapter teaches: The different human temperaments;
+how to tell to which temperament you belong yourself, and also the
+temperaments of those whom you meet;</p>
+
+<p>The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month, and their importance
+at the hour of birth;</p>
+
+<p>Important advice to females regarding their thirty-first year;</p>
+
+<p>How to know whom you will marry;</p>
+
+<p>The signs of a good genius;</p>
+
+<p>All about Electrical Psychology, or Psychological Fascination&mdash;Mesmerism;</p>
+
+<p>How to make persons at a distance think of you (this is a purely
+natural phenomenon);</p>
+
+<p>How to win the affection of the person of the opposite sex whom
+you sincerely love. There is no black art about this, but merely psychological
+attraction, and by its use you can win the love of the person
+whose affection you desire.</p>
+
+<p>When you desire the &#8220;love&#8221; of any one whom you meet, you can
+very readily reach him if you observe the directions here given.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter three is a special chapter for young women, on a special
+subject, and contains advice which every young lady should study.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches them: What marriage is, and explains how highly injurious
+it is to entertain low ideas regarding it;</p>
+
+<p>How a young lady should act in the presence of young men;</p>
+
+<p>What a girl should do when a prospect of marriage occurs.</p>
+
+<p>It tells some of the most prolific sources of matrimonial difficulties,
+and how to remedy them;</p>
+
+<p>What ladies should do who desire that their husbands should be
+amiable and kind;</p>
+
+<p>What attentions are due to you <i>as a lady</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Cautions against the failing of young ladies making themselves too
+cheap.</p>
+
+<p>Tells what &#8220;woman&#8221; is formed to be.</p>
+
+<p>Warns against indiscretions before marriage, and teaches that under
+all circumstance a lady will be looked to to resist any advances, and
+maintain her purity and virtue.</p>
+
+<p>Tells what is the nature, naturally, of young women;</p>
+
+<p>How a young woman should act when receiving the attentions of a
+young man;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>How you will know when the young man whom you <i>should marry</i>
+presents himself to you;</p>
+
+<p>What a man needs a wife for, and how to qualify yourself for the
+position;</p>
+
+<p>About misunderstandings in early married life;</p>
+
+<p>How a young mother feels towards her first-born.</p>
+
+<p>Tells the good influence of virtuous love;</p>
+
+<p>What young people should know before they become engaged.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter four teaches about Love and Marriage; the attraction of the
+sexes for each other; what love is; what causes it; individual loves;
+fondness for cousins; different kinds of love; flirtation; the object of
+marriage; should marriage be for life.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter five: When to Marry&mdash;How to Select a Partner on Right
+Principles.</p>
+
+<p>Treats of the proper age to marry; which marriages are the most
+happy; which are the most productive of handsome children; how
+nature assists art in the choice of partners; the attributes of a handsome
+couple, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter six: Sexual Intercourse&mdash;Its Laws and Conditions&mdash;Its
+Use and Abuse.</p>
+
+<p>There is an alarming and increasing prevalence of nervous ailments
+and complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+in the ignorance, which is so universal, of the laws of these organs.</p>
+
+<p>This chapter teaches all about sexual morality; how men and
+women should live; the law from the age of puberty to marriage; the
+law of marriage; what a man who truly loves a woman will do; a true
+union; how women are protected; the false and the true sense of duty;
+what is the most powerful restraint from evil.</p>
+
+<p>The above is discussed in a chaste, simple, manner, and should be
+read by every lady. There is nothing impure in this book from beginning
+to end, but subjects in which women are woefully ignorant are discussed
+in a plain, moral manner to which no objection can be raised.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter seven: Marriage.</p>
+
+<p>What marriage is; how far back the marriage tie has existed; polygamy,
+what it is; monogamy, what it is; polyandry, and what it is; marriage
+customs; the basis of a happy marriage, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter eight: Pregnancy&mdash;Labor&mdash;Parturition.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman
+than that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own, and that she carries about<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.</p>
+
+<p>This chapter explains all the signs of pregnancy; the changes that
+take place in the face and neck; the suppression of the monthly flow;
+changes in the breast, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Then it gives a sure test for the detection of pregnancy. It tells
+how a pregnant woman should live during the period of gestation.</p>
+
+<p>Childbirth is not necessarily either painful or dangerous. It can be
+accomplished easily and safely and with comparatively no pain by
+following the directions given in &#8220;<span class="smcap">The Ladies' Book of Useful
+Information</span>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Numerous instances are known where ladies who had previously
+suffered with severe labor in childbirth have, by attending to the directions
+here given, been delivered of fine, healthy children with comparative
+ease.</p>
+
+<p>No mother who has attended to the teaching here given but has
+blessed the knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother much
+needless terror.</p>
+
+<p>It tells all about the ailments that almost always torment women
+during the trying time of pregnancy, making life itself seem a burden.</p>
+
+<p>These troubles are: Morning Sickness, Toothache, Palpitation of
+the Heart, etc. It shows that there is no necessity for women suffering
+as they almost invariably do during this time; but that these troubles
+may be overcome by simple, safe remedies which are described in this
+book, and which may be safely taken by the patient.</p>
+
+<p>It tells all about the medicine which is taken by the Indian women
+of North America during the period of gestation. It is well known that
+the women of these tribes suffer very little during childbirth, and it is
+almost all due to the effects of this wonderful medicine.</p>
+
+<p>The recipe for this medicine, &#8220;Parturient Balm,&#8221; was obtained from
+an Indian doctor, and is given in this book, together with instructions as
+to how it is to be taken.</p>
+
+<p>This chapter alone is worth the price of the book to any lady.
+Every mother, and everyone who ever expects to become a mother,
+should carefully study the above chapter, as it may be the means of
+saving her much pain and suffering.</p>
+
+<p>The same chapter explains all about a case of labor; the signs
+that show when labor has commenced; what to give to help the patient;
+the different kinds of pains; the length of time between the pains; the
+length of time the pains should last, etc.; the taking of the child from the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>mother; how to care for the child; the taking away of the afterbirth; what
+to do in case of flooding; how to relieve afterpains, etc.</p>
+
+<p>It also explains what &#8220;Abortion&#8221; is; what causes abortion; what
+causes premature labor; the difference between the two; symptoms of
+threatened abortion, and how to prevent the same if possible; what to do
+for miscarriage, and to try and prevent it, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The ninth chapter teaches all about: Menstruation&mdash;Change of
+Life&mdash;Falling of the Womb, etc. Tells the time of life at which the
+menses should appear.</p>
+
+<p>Every mother should watch her young daughter as she nears this
+critical time. The health for many years to come depends to a great
+extent on how a girl passes this period. This chapter tells all the
+symptoms of the near approach of the monthly flow. It shows a mother
+how to care for her daughter, and to see that she has proper attention
+during this time.</p>
+
+<p>It tells the age at which the periodical flow should commence; the
+symptoms of its approach; how a girl should be treated at this time;
+how to cure Chlorosis, or Green Sickness; how to relieve and cure
+painful and suppressed menstruation, etc.</p>
+
+<p>If the instructions of this book are followed in cases like the above,
+it will save many young girls much needless suffering.</p>
+
+<p>This chapter also treats on: Whites, or Flour Albus, and Falling of
+the Womb.</p>
+
+<p>Many delicate women suffer great agony through these two distressing
+complaints. This chapter describes all the symptoms of these complaints,
+and gives simple, safe remedies for them. A lady can easily attend to
+herself and avoid exposure.</p>
+
+<p>It also treats on Change of Life.</p>
+
+<p>By the phrase &#8220;Change of Life,&#8221; or &#8220;The Critical Period,&#8221; we
+understand the final cessation or stoppage of the menses. This chapter
+explains all about this trying time, the symptoms of its appearance, and
+the ages at which it usually occurs.</p>
+
+<p>With proper care this period may be safely passed, and a happy and
+comfortable old age be spent. All the dangers incident to this period are
+described, and how to successfully combat them.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter ten: Collection of valuable Medical Compounds.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>Any of the formulas in this chapter will be readily filled by your
+druggist. Each recipe will give an article which is the <i>very best</i> thing
+that can be used for the disease which it is recommended to cure.</p>
+
+<p>The first is &#8220;Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Most people are afflicted to some extent with Kidney and Liver
+trouble. This medicine is a sure cure.</p>
+
+
+<ul class="list1">
+<li>Do you have:  A frequent headache over the eyes;</li>
+<li class="li1">A susceptibility to chills and fever;</li>
+<li class="li1">A bitter or oily taste in the mouth;</li>
+<li class="li1">A sour stomach;</li>
+<li class="li1">A complexion inclined to be yellow;</li>
+<li class="li1">A great depression of spirits;</li>
+<li class="li1">Specks before the eyes, and flushed face;</li>
+<li class="li1">A done-out, tired feeling;</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p class="noindent">besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have, you
+are afflicted with Kidney and Liver complaint, and should use &#8220;Magic
+Kidney and Liver Restorer.&#8221; This great remedy will do away with all
+these disagreeable symptoms, and will make you feel like a new person.
+It is a splendid spring medicine, cleansing the blood and purifying and
+toning up the system.</p>
+
+<p>Another formula given is &#8220;Dyspeptic Ley.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>This is a <i>sure, certain</i> cure for dyspepsia. It never fails.</p>
+
+<ul class="list1">
+<li>The symptoms of dyspepsia are:</li>
+<li class="li1">Feeling of weight in the stomach;</li>
+<li class="li1">Bloated condition after eating;</li>
+<li class="li1">Belching of wind;</li>
+<li class="li1">Nausea;</li>
+<li class="li1">Vomiting of food;</li>
+<li class="li1">Water brash;</li>
+<li class="li1">Pain in the stomach;</li>
+<li class="li1">Heartburn;</li>
+<li class="li1">Bad taste in the mouth in the morning;</li>
+<li class="li1">Palpitation of the heart;</li>
+<li class="li1">Cankered mouth; loss of flesh;</li>
+<li class="li1">Fickle appetite; depression of spirits;</li>
+<li class="li1">Lack of energy; headache and constipation.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p>If you have <i>any or all</i> of the above symptoms, then you are afflicted
+with Dyspepsia, and should endeavor to obtain relief. &#8220;Dyspeptic Ley&#8221;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>is a certain cure. It is easily prepared, and should be taken by everyone
+who is afflicted with any of the above distressing symptoms.</p>
+
+<p>The same chapter tells how to cure Ague, Intermittent Fever,
+Neuralgia, Sick Headache, Neuralgic Headache, Rheumatism, Dysentery,
+Epileptic Fits, Hysteria, Bleeding of the Lungs, Coughs, Bowel Complaint,
+Scrofula, Worms, Sore Eyes, Cholera, Piles, Warts, Corns,
+Deafness, Inverted Toe-nail, etc.</p>
+
+<p>All these diseases are described, together with the best method of
+treating them.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter eleven teaches how to Prepare Nourishment for the Sick
+Room. Very few people know how to prepare nourishment for the sick.
+This chapter teaches how to prepare a great number of nourishing dishes.
+Every lady should know how to prepare food for the sick, as at some
+time or other there is almost certain to be sickness in every family.
+There are over forty recipes given in this chapter for food for the sick
+and convalescent.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter twelve describes things Curious and Useful.</p>
+
+<p>It tells: How to get clear of mosquitoes; how to get rid of bedbugs;
+to obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter. By this process the buds of
+flowers can be gathered in summer and autumn and kept until the winter,
+when they can be used as required. The flowers open and are as beautiful
+as though fresh plucked from the garden. Any one can understand
+the process, as it is very simple.</p>
+
+<p>Also: How to transfer all kinds of pictures on to glass&mdash;a very
+pretty art; how to prevent horses being teased by flies; how to prevent
+flies lighting on to windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; to render paper fireproof;
+to render boots waterproof; how to extract the essential oil from
+any flower; how to take leaf photographs; to cure drunkenness; to make
+different kinds of perfumes; to write secret letters, etc.;</p>
+
+<p>To prepare flowers so that their beauty will remain unimpaired
+for years. Roses and other flowers can be had to last for years by this
+beautiful art. The process is very easy, and the directions are so simple
+that a child may follow them.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter thirteen treats of Home Decoration.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to arrange a house so as to furnish it cheaply and
+harmoniously. It gives complete instructions for every room&mdash;Hall,
+Parlor, Library, Dining-room, Bedrooms, etc., and attends to every detail.
+This is a splendid guide to all who wish to make their home attractive.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>Chapter fourteen teaches all about caring for House Plants. It tells
+the right temperature to keep them in; the proper soil for potting; how
+to make plants grow luxuriantly; how to have plenty of blossoms; to
+keep plants without a fire at night; to destroy bugs and rose-slugs; to
+raise plants with the least trouble; the best varieties of plants to raise, etc.</p>
+
+<p>It tells how to preserve autumn leaves so that they can be bent in
+any form desired, and so that they will retain their color.</p>
+
+<p>It tells how to prepare skeleton leaves&mdash;a very pretty amusement.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter fifteen is devoted to The Laundry.</p>
+
+<p>It tells: How to make washing fluid; to take out scorch; to make
+plain, fine, and coffee starch; to make enamel for shirt bosoms, so that
+any housekeeper can do them up as nicely as they do at the laundry; to
+clean velvets and ribbons; to take grease out of silks, woolens, paper,
+floors, etc.; to take out fruit stains; to take out iron rust and mildew;
+to wash woolen goods and blankets so that they will not shrink, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The sixteenth chapter teaches how to do all kinds of Stamping.</p>
+
+<p>In this chapter are given full instructions for wet and dry stamping;
+for making stamping powder; how to mix white paint for dark goods,
+and dark paint for light goods; it tells how to prepare all the necessary
+articles for stamping; how to prepare transfer paper; how to transfer any
+pattern you may see; how to make a distributor; how to enlarge designs;
+how to prepare all kinds of stamping powder; how to do French indelible
+stamping; what kind of a brush to use; and how to care for patterns. If
+the directions here given are followed the stamping will always be
+satisfactory.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter seventeen teaches how to do Bronze Work.</p>
+
+<p>Bronzing is the latest improvement in wax work, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive, artistic bronze. It is used
+for table, mantel and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to dust and
+air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted like any
+piece of furniture, and makes a very desirable, inexpensive ornament. The
+colors it is made in are Gold, Silver, Copper, Fire, and Green Bronze.
+Among the articles described are a vase in bronze, a motto in bronze,
+a floral basket in bronze, animals and birds in bronze, statuary in bronze,
+flowers and leaves in bronze.</p>
+
+<p>The art of making each of the above articles is carefully described so
+that any one can follow the directions.</p>
+
+<p>The art of Decalcomania is also taught in this chapter. This is used
+upon almost everything for which ornamentation is required, such as
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>Crockery, China, Porcelain, Vases, Glass, Bookcases, Folios, Boxes, Lap desks,
+Ribbons, etc. It is a very pretty art, and is much admired.</p>
+
+<p>Chapter eighteen gives twelve recipes for articles needed in every
+household. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of household
+expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles you use in
+your daily housework of a superior quality, vastly better than the ones
+you are using at the present time.</p>
+
+<p>It is a fact not generally known, that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the price
+the consumer pays. We purpose to show the readers of this book how to
+have, in most instances, better articles than those they buy, for a small
+percentage of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own personal investigation,
+gathered a number of valuable recipes together, and have paid for
+the privilege of using them.</p>
+
+<p>We give in &#8220;The Ladies' Book of Useful Information&#8221; twelve
+recipes which have never before been published, and which, if you once
+possess, you will never wish to be without, as they are truly valuable
+secrets.</p>
+
+<p>The list is as follows: Healing salve; Magnetic croup cure; Worm
+elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish; Wonderful starch enamel;
+Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I&nbsp;X&nbsp;L baking powder;
+Electric powder; French polish or dressing for leather; Artificial honey.</p>
+
+<p>It also contains a list of all the poisons and their antidotes. It
+describes the symptoms of poisoning and how to proceed in each case.</p>
+
+
+
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></h2>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_I"><span class="smcap">Chapter I.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Teaches all about Personal Beauty. Every woman desires to be
+beautiful, and every woman may enhance her charms and be lovely by
+following the directions of this book. Few persons know how to improve
+their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the admiration of
+those whom they meet. This book tells this wonderful secret&mdash;all the
+ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered since. It teaches
+how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness. The real <i>secret</i> of
+changing an ordinary looking person into one of great beauty makes this
+book of great value. Nature does something for us, but art must make the
+perfect man or woman. If you desire bright, melting eyes; a clear, soft,
+rosy-tinted complexion; beautiful hands; and graceful figure, well-developed
+and perfect, use the knowledge which you will find in this book.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age; how to make the most
+stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white. Remember
+that &#8220;The Ladies' Book of Useful Information&#8221; does not teach the use
+of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how to make the
+cheek glow with health, and the neck, arms, and hands to rival the lily in
+whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy Skin, Freckles, Wrinkles,
+Pimples, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches, Face Grubs, Tan, Sunburn,
+Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc. It teaches how to cure and prevent
+redness and roughness, and to make the skin soft, smooth, white and
+delicate, producing a perfectly healthy and natural appearance. It teaches
+how to cure and refine a coarse skin, so that it will be clear and white.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this chapter.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and
+to have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy; to cure dandruff; to prevent the hair falling, and to
+have it of a nice color.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes. Also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent the
+decay of sound ones.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.</p>
+
+<p>It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet,
+Bad Breath, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The following formulas for Toilet Preparations are all given in this
+book. They are vastly superior to the much-advertised cosmetics which
+flood the market. Your druggist will fill any of these recipes for a very
+small sum, and you will always have a superior article. Each of these
+preparations will do exactly what is claimed for it.</p>
+
+<p>The following is a list of what is given in the first chapter: Lotion
+to remove freckles and tan; To expel freckles; Cleopatra's Freckle Balm;
+Lemon Cream, for sunburn and freckles; Wash to prevent sunburn;
+Grape lotion, for sunburn; Pate Axerasive of Bozin, to soften and whiten
+the skin; To remove red pimples; To remove black specks or flesh-grubs;
+Preparation for whitening the face and neck (bleaches and whitens the
+skin); To cure profuse perspiration; Cleopatra's Enamel for whitening
+the hands and arms; To cure freckles, and parched, rough skin; To purify
+the breath; To bleach and purify the skin of the face and neck; To
+permanently remove black specks or flesh-worms; French face-wash
+(purifies and brightens the complexion); To remove pimples; Kalydor for
+the complexion&mdash;for pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or scurf on the skin;
+To improve the skin; Wash a la Marie Antoinette (gives a beautiful
+brilliancy to the complexion); Liquid Rouge (harmless), a perfect imitation
+of nature; Milk of Roses, a cosmetic; Circassian Cream; Toilet
+Vinegar; Bloom Rose; Certain cure for eruptions, pimples, etc.; To clear
+the complexion and reduce the size of the face; To cure and refine a
+stippled or blotched skin; To cure and prevent wrinkles; Wash for
+wrinkles; To remove wrinkles; How to have brilliant, beautiful eyes;
+To cure weak eyes; To improve the eyelashes; To cure weakness of eyes;
+How to have beautiful eyelashes; To cure watery and inflamed eyes;
+To strengthen the sight; What to do for nearsightedness; How to have
+a beautiful mouth and lips; To make lip salve; French lip salve;
+German lip salve; To care for the teeth; To cure toothache; Premium
+tooth powder; Feuchtwanger's tooth paste; Fine tooth powder; Rye
+tooth powder; To cure foul breath; To have white and beautiful teeth;
+For decayed teeth; To remove yellow color from teeth; Camphor paste;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>Powerfully cleansing dentifrice; Infallible cure for toothache; Mixture
+for decayed teeth; To whiten and beautify the teeth.</p>
+
+<p>How to have soft, white and beautiful hands; How to care for the
+hands; Bleaching lotion for the hands (renders them beautifully white);
+To remove stains from hands; To make the hands white and delicate;
+Remedy for chapped hands; To whiten coarse and dark-skinned hands;
+To cure red hands; Almond paste for the hands; To care for the nails.</p>
+
+<p>To cause the skin to become satin-smooth and to smell like violets.</p>
+
+<p>To cause those who have lost the bloom and fairness of early youth
+to regain them.</p>
+
+<p>How to care for the hair; How often to wash the hair; To improve
+the growth and luxuriance of the hair; To make the hair glossy; To
+impart curliness or waviness to the hair when it is naturally straight; On
+changing the color of the hair; To have elegant hair; Wild Rose curling
+fluid; To cause the hair to grow very thick; Lola Montez hair coloring;
+Hair Restorative; For bald heads; Excellent hair wash; To cure baldness;
+Stimulants for the hair; The golden hair secret; For keeping the
+hair crimped or curled in summer; To bleach the hair; For improving
+the hair; Pomade for preserving the hair; To make the hair grow and to
+prevent it from falling; To make the hair grow quick; Wash for scald
+heads, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Powders and their use: Boston Burnet powder for the face; Queen
+Bess complexion wash.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_II"><span class="smcap">Chapter II.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Treats of miscellaneous matters: The human temperaments&mdash;How
+many there are&mdash;What they are; How to tell to which temperament you
+belong.</p>
+
+<p>The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month; Days of the week,
+and their importance at the natal hour.</p>
+
+<p>Important advice to females.</p>
+
+<p>To know whom you will marry.</p>
+
+<p>The signs of a good genius.</p>
+
+<p>Electrical Psychology, or Psychological Fascination.</p>
+
+<p>Mesmerism.</p>
+
+<p>How to make persons at a distance think of you.</p>
+
+<p>How to win the love of the person whom you love.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_III"><span class="smcap">Chapter III.</span></a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></h4>
+
+<p>A special chapter for young women: On marriage; What young
+women look forward to; What it is best to do when a prospect of marrying
+occurs; What a husband looks for; What marriage affords; On
+making yourself cheap; How to protect yourself; About courtship; Care
+of your character; How easily men are led astray, and how cautious you
+should be; What state of life is most honorable; Important points for
+your consideration; To make a husband happy; Nature of young
+women; On attracting the attention of young men; Young man's part;
+Young woman's part; Parents' wishes; How young men act in female
+company; Modesty; Courtship; On near relations marrying; On dress;
+What men need wives for; A mother's pleasure at the birth of her first
+child; How differently girls and boys are constituted; What young
+people should study before they become engaged.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_IV"><span class="smcap">Chapter IV.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Love and marriage; The attraction of the sexes for each other;
+What love is; What causes love; Individual loves; Fondness for cousins;
+Different kinds of love; Flirtation; Monogamy; Polygamy; The special
+object of marriage; Should marriage be for life.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_V"><span class="smcap">Chapter V.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>When to marry; How to select a partner on right principles; Very
+early marriages; The best age to marry; When marriages are most happy;
+The attributes of a handsome couple.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_VI"><span class="smcap">Chapter VI.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Sexual Intercourse&mdash;Its laws and conditions&mdash;Its use and abuse:
+A prevalent error; The law of sexual morality; What men expect; How
+men and women should live; Age of puberty to marriage; The law of
+marriage; What a man who truly loves a woman will do; A true union;
+Seduction; How women are protected; The false and the true sense of
+duty. What is the most powerful restraint from evil.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_VII"><span class="smcap">Chapter VII.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Marriage: What marriage is; How far back the marriage tie has
+existed; Polygamy&mdash;What it is; Monogamy&mdash;What it is; Polyandry&mdash;What
+it is; Marriage customs; The basis of a happy marriage.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII"><span class="smcap">Chapter VIII.</span></a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></h4>
+
+<p>Pregnancy&mdash;Labor&mdash;Parturition: The signs of pregnancy; The
+changes that take place in the appearance; How soon after conception
+these changes take place; The period of gestation; Changes in the
+breasts; What causes labor; How labor may be rendered safe and easy;
+What the diet should consist of; The period of quickening; How to
+relieve the toothache, cramping of the legs, palpitation of the heart,
+morning sickness, etc., with which pregnant women are liable to be
+troubled; Sure test for the detection of pregnancy; Parturient Balm, a
+very important medicine; Abortion; Premature labor; The cause of
+abortion; Symptoms of threatened abortion; What to do for a threatened
+abortion; What to do for miscarriage; To prevent miscarriage.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_IX"><span class="smcap">Chapter IX.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Menstruation: The time of life at which it should appear; Signs of
+approaching puberty; Duty of mothers; Delayed and obstructed menstruation&mdash;What
+to do for it; Chlorosis, or green sickness&mdash;What to do
+for it&mdash;What it is caused by; Too profuse menstruation&mdash;How to treat
+it; Painful menstruation, or menstrual colic&mdash;How to treat it; Amenorrh&#339;a,
+or suppressed menstruation&mdash;What causes this, and how to treat it.</p>
+
+<p>Cessation of the menses, or change of life: Very important advice is
+given as to the way in which the patient should treat herself, which, if
+followed, will be of great benefit.</p>
+
+<p>Falling of the Womb: What causes it, and how the patient should be
+treated.</p>
+
+<p>Leucorrh&#339;a&mdash;Whites&mdash;Flour Albus: What this disease is; What
+causes it; How to relieve and cure it.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_X"><span class="smcap">Chapter X.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Collection of valuable Medical Compounds: Magic kidney and liver
+restorer; Hop bitters; Alterative or liver powders; Anti-dyspeptic pills;
+Dyspeptic ley (sure cure for dyspepsia); Ague pills; Certain remedy for
+ague or intermittent fever; Fever powders; Ague drops; Pills for
+neuralgia; Sick headache pills; Anodyne headache pills; Rheumatic
+pills; Pills for dysentery; Epileptic pills; Pills for asthma; Hysteric
+pills; Pills for neuralgia; Cure for bleeding of the lungs; Cure for consumption;
+Cough syrup; Soothing cough mixture; Expectorant tincture;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>Sure remedy for bowel complaints; Cordial for summer complaint;
+Scrofulous syrup; Eyewater; Tincture for rheumatism; Worm elixir;
+Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy; Pile ointment (sure cure); To cure warts
+and corns; Cure for deafness; Cure for inverted toe-nail.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XI"><span class="smcap">Chapter XI.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Things for the Sick Room. Tells how to prepare the following
+articles for the sick and convalescent: Barley water; Sage tea; Refreshing
+drink for fevers; Arrowroot jelly; Irish moss jelly; Isinglass
+jelly; Tapioca jelly; Toast; Rice; Bread jelly; Rice gruel; Water
+gruel; Arrowroot gruel; Beef liquid; Beef tea; Panado; French milk
+porridge; Coffee milk; Drink for dysentery; Crust coffee; Cranberry
+water; Wine whey; Mustard whey; Chicken broth; Calves'-foot jelly;
+Slippery elm jelly; Nutritive fluids; Gum acacia restorative; Soups for
+the convalescent; Eggs; Milk for infants; Water gruel.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XII"><span class="smcap">Chapter XII.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Things Curious and Useful: To get clear of mosquitoes; To get rid
+of bedbugs; To obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter; To increase the
+laying of eggs in hens; The art of transferring on to glass; To prevent
+horses being teased by flies; To prevent flies lighting on windows,
+pictures, mirrors, etc.; To make leather wear forever; To prepare waterproof
+boots; To render paper fireproof; To cure drunkenness; To cure
+laziness; To take leaf photographs; To make lamp wicks indestructible;
+To make different kinds of perfumes; To write secret letters; To preserve
+flowers.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XIII"><span class="smcap">Chapter XIII.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Home Decoration: On furnishing a house; How to furnish the
+Parlor, Library, Dining-room, Hall, Chambers, and Kitchen; Telling the
+proper way of arranging each room tastefully and economically.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XIV"><span class="smcap">Chapter XIV.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>How to Care for House Plants: How to succeed with plants; A
+good collection of plants; To kill the spider; To start slips; To keep
+plants without a fire at night; To kill rose-slugs; On watering plants.</p>
+
+<p>To prepare autumn leaves and ferns; To prepare skeleton leaves;
+Pretty hanging baskets.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XV"><span class="smcap">Chapter XV.</span></a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></h4>
+
+<p>The Laundry: To make washing fluid; Gall soap; For washing
+woolens and fine prints; To take out scorch; To make bluing; To
+make coffee starch; To make flour starch; To make fine starch; Enamel
+for shirt bosoms; To clean articles made of white zephyr; To clean
+velvet; To clean ribbons; To take out paint; To remove ink stain; To
+take out fruit stains; To remove iron rust; To take out mildew; To
+wash flannels in tepid water.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XVI"><span class="smcap">Chapter XVI.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>How to do your own Stamping and make your own Patterns: The
+articles needed for stamping; To make perforated patterns; To enlarge
+designs; To stamp; To make blue powder; To do French indelible
+stamping; To make paint for stamping; The proper brush to use; To
+make a distributor; To care for patterns.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XVII"><span class="smcap">Chapter XVII.</span></a></h4>
+
+<p>Bronze Work: What bronze work is; The articles required for
+doing bronze work; The art of making a vase in bronze; A motto; A
+floral basket; Copper bronze statuary; The art of making exotic leaves;
+To make leaves and flowers, etc.; Decalcomania&mdash;The uses to which it
+may be put.</p>
+
+
+<h4><a href="#CHAPTER_XVIII"><span class="smcap">Chapter XVIII.</span></a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span></h4>
+
+<p>A chapter of useful things to know. How to prepare: Healing salve;
+Magnetic croup cure; Worm elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish;
+Wonderful starch enamel; Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator;
+I&nbsp;X&nbsp;L baking powder; Electric powder; French polish, or dressing
+for leather; Artificial honey. Table of poisons and their antidotes.</p>
+
+
+<h2 class="ladies"><span class="smcap"><big>T</big>he <big>L</big>adies' <big>B</big>ook</span><br /><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>
+<span style="font-size: 50%; padding-left: 5em">OF</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: 80%; padding-left: 6em">USEFUL</span><br />
+<span style="font-size: 80%; padding-left: 10em">INFORMATION.</span></h2>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h4>
+
+<h3>PERSONAL BEAUTY.</h3>
+
+<p class="subtitle">Treating of the Care of the Skin, Hair, Teeth, and Eyes,
+so as to have each arrive at the highest degree
+of beauty of which each is capable.</p>
+
+
+<p>A great object of importance, of care to every lady, is the care of her
+complexion. There is nothing more pleasing to the eye than a delicate,
+smooth skin; and besides being pleasing to the eye, is an evidence of
+health, and gives additional grace to the most regular features. The
+choice of soaps has considerable influence in promoting and maintaining
+this desideratum. These should invariably be selected of the finest kinds,
+and used sparingly, and never with cold water, for the alkali which, more
+or less, mingles in the composition of all soaps has an undoubted tendency
+to irritate a delicate skin; warm water excites a gentle perspiration,
+thereby assisting the skin to throw off those natural secretions which, if
+allowed to remain, are likely to accumulate below the skin and produce
+roughness, pimples, and even eruptions of an obstinate and unpleasant
+character. Those soaps which ensure a moderate fairness and flexibility
+of the skin are the most desirable for regular use.</p>
+
+<p>Pomades, when properly prepared, contribute in an especial manner
+to preserve the softness and elasticity of the skin, their effect being of an
+emollient and congenial nature; and, moreover, they can be applied on
+retiring to rest, when their effects are not liable to be disturbed by the
+action of the atmosphere, muscular exertions or nervous influences.</p>
+
+<p>The use of paints has been very correctly characterized as &#8220;a species
+of corporeal hypocrisy as subversive of delicacy of mind as it is of the
+natural complexion,&#8221; and has been, of late years, discarded at the toilette
+of every lady.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>The use of cosmetics has been common in all ages and in every land.
+Scripture itself records the painting of Jezebel; and Ezekiel, the prophet,
+speaks of the eye-painting common among the women; and Jeremiah, of
+rending the face with painting&mdash;a most expressive term for the destruction
+of beauty by such means. For the surest destroyers of real beauty are its
+simulators. The usurper destroys the rightful sovereign.</p>
+
+<p>That paint can ever deceive people, or really add beauty for more
+than the duration of an acted charade or play, when &#8220;distance lends
+enchantment to the view,&#8221; is a delusion; but it is one into which women
+of all times and nations have fallen&mdash;from the painted Indian squaw to
+the rouged and powdered denizen of London or Paris.</p>
+
+<p>Milk was the favorite cosmetic of the ladies of ancient Rome. They
+applied plasters of bread and ass's milk to their faces at night, and
+washed them off with milk in the morning.</p>
+
+<p>As a cosmetic, milk would be harmless, but we doubt its power of
+improving the skin. As a beverage, no doubt, it whitens the complexion
+more than any other food.</p>
+
+<p>But before we speak of improving the complexion, it will be well to
+explain to our readers the nature and properties of the skin.</p>
+
+<p>This is what an American physician has recently told us about it:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE SKIN&mdash;ITS BEAUTY, USES, CONSTRUCTION,
+MANAGEMENT, ETC.</h5>
+
+<p>Every person knows what the skin is, its external appearance, and its
+general properties; but there are many of my readers who may not be
+aware of its peculiar and wonderful construction, its compound character,
+and its manifold uses. It not merely acts as an organ of sense, and a
+protection to the surface of the body, but it clothes it, as it were, in a
+garment of the most delicate texture and of the most surpassing loveliness.
+In perfect health it is gifted with exquisite sensibility, and while it
+possesses the softness of velvet, and exhibits the delicate hues of the lily,
+the carnation, and the rose, it is nevertheless gifted with extraordinary
+strength and power of resisting external injury, and is not only capable of
+repairing, but of actually renewing itself. Though unprotected with hair,
+wool or fur, or with feathers or scales, as with the brute creation, the
+human skin is furnished with innumerable nerves, which endow it with
+extreme susceptibility to all the various changes of climate and of weather,
+and prompt the mind to provide suitable materials, in the shape of clothing,
+to shield it under all the circumstances in which it can be placed.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>The importance of the due exposure of the body to daylight or
+sunlight cannot be too strongly insisted on. Light and warmth are
+powerful agents in the economy of our being. The former especially is
+an operative agent on which health, vigor, and even beauty itself, depend.
+Withdraw the light of the sun from the organic world, and all its various
+beings and objects would languish and gradually lose those charms which
+are now their characteristics. In its absence, the carnation tint leaves the
+cheek of beauty, the cherry hue of the lips changes to a leaden-purple, the
+eyes become glassy and expressionless, and the complexion assumes an
+unnatural, cadaverous appearance that speaks of sickness, night and death.
+So powerful is daylight, so necessary to our well-being, that even its
+partial exclusion, or its insufficient admission to our apartments, soon tells
+its tale in the feeble health, the liability to the attacks of disease, and the
+pallid features (vacant and sunken, or flabby, pendent and uninviting) of
+their inmates. Even the aspect of the rooms in which we pass most of
+our time, and the number and extent of their windows, is perceptible, by
+the trained eye, in the complexion and features of those that occupy them.
+So in the vegetable world&mdash;the bright and endlessly varied hues of flowers,
+and their sweet perfumes&mdash;even their very production&mdash;depend on sunlight.
+In obscure light plants grow lanky and become pale and feeble. They
+seldom produce flowers, and uniformly fail to ripen their seeds. In even
+partial darkness the green hue of their foliage gradually pales and
+disappears, and new growths, when they appear, are blanched or
+colorless.</p>
+
+<p>The best method of keeping the skin clean and healthy, by ablution
+and baths, may here be alluded to. The use of these, and the washing of
+the skin that forms part of the daily duties of the toilet, appear to be very
+simple matters, but writers on the subject differ in opinion as to the
+methods to be followed to render them perfect cleansers of the skin.
+Some of them regard the use of soap and water applied in the form of
+lather with the hands, and afterwards thoroughly removed from the skin
+by copious affusions, rinsing or sluicing with water, or immersion in it, as
+the best method. This is probably the case when the skin is not materially
+dirty, or its pores or surface obstructed or loaded with the residual
+solid matter of the perspiration or its own unctuous exudation and
+exuvi&aelig;. To remove these completely and readily, something more than
+simple friction with the smooth hand is generally required. In such cases
+the use of a piece of flannel or serge, doubled and spread across the hand,
+or of a mitten of the same material, will be most ready and effective.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>Friction with this&mdash;first with soap, and afterwards with water to wash the
+soap off&mdash;will be found to cleanse the skin more thoroughly and quickly
+than any other method, and, by removing the worn-out portion of its surface,
+to impart to it a healthy glow and hue that is most refreshing and agreeable.
+This effect will be increased by wiping and rubbing the surface
+thoroughly dry with a coarse and moderately rough, but not a stiff, towel,
+instead of with the fine, smooth diapers which are now so commonly
+employed. At the bath, the fleshbrush usually provided there will
+supersede the necessity of using the flannel.</p>
+
+<p>The small black spots and marks frequently observed on the skin in
+hot weather, particularly on the face, generally arise from the accumulation
+of the indurated solid matter of the perspiration in its pores.
+When they assume the form of small pimples (<i>acne punctata</i>), and often
+when otherwise, they may be removed by strong pressure between the
+fingers, or between the nails of the opposite fingers, followed by the use
+of hot, soapy water.</p>
+
+<p>The subsequent daily application of a weak solution of bichloride of
+mercury&mdash;as in the form commonly known as Gowland's lotion&mdash;or of
+sulphate of zinc, will completely remove the swelling, and generally prevent
+their re-formation.</p>
+
+<p><b>Eruptions</b> are too well known to need any lengthy description
+here. They are usually classified, by writers on the subject, into: animalcular
+eruptions, or those due to the presence of animalcula (minute
+acari) in the scarfskin, which occasion much irritation, and of which the
+itch furnishes a well-marked example; papular eruptions, or dry pimples;
+pustular eruptions, or mattery pimples, of which some forms are popularly
+known as crusted tetters; scaly eruptions, or dry tetters; and vesicular
+eruptions, or watery pimples.</p>
+
+<p>The treatment of all of the above, except the first, in simple cases,
+where there is not much constitutional disarrangement, consists mainly in
+attention to the general principles of health, cleanliness, exercise, food,
+ventilation, and clothing. Occasional doses of mild saline aperients
+(Epsom salts, cream of tartar, or phosphate of soda, or of sulphur combined
+with cream of tartar) should be taken, and warm or tepid bathing,
+preferably in sea-water, or, if not convenient, rain water, frequently
+had recourse to. Stimulants of all kinds should be avoided, and the red
+meats, ripe fruits, and the antiscorbutic vegetables should form a considerable
+portion of the diet. Lemonade, made by squeezing the juice of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>a lemon into a half-pint tumbler full of water, and sweetening with a little
+sugar, should be frequently and liberally taken as one of the best beverages
+in such cases. To relieve the itching and irritation (except in the
+pustular, crusted, and vesicular varieties), brisk friction with a fleshbrush
+or a fleshglove may be employed. The parts should also be
+wetted with an appropriate lotion after each friction or bath, or the use of
+soap and water.</p>
+
+<p>In all the scaly eruptions, iodide of potassium internally, and
+ioduretted or sulphuretted lotions or baths are invaluable. In many of
+them of a malignant or obstinate character, as <i>Lepra Psoriasis</i>, <i>Lupus</i>,
+etc., small doses of solution of arsenite of potassa (liquor arsenicalis;
+the dose, from 3 to 5 drops, gradually and cautiously increased to 7 to 9
+drops, twice a day, after a meal) prove highly serviceable. In the forms
+of psoriasis popularly called baker's itch, grocer's itch, and washer-woman's
+itch, the application of ointment of nitrate of mercury, diluted
+with ten or twelve times its weight of lard, has been highly recommended.
+A course of sarsaparilla is also in most cases advantageous.</p>
+
+<p>The small, hard, distinct pimples&mdash;&#8220;acne, or acne simplex&#8221; of
+medical writers&mdash;that occur on the forehead, and occasionally on the
+temples and chin, generally yield to stimulating lotions, consisting
+of equal parts of strong vinegar, or spirit, and water, or to weak lotions
+of sulphate of zinc, assisted by occasional doses of cooling laxatives, as
+the salines, or a mixture of sulphur or cream of tartar.</p>
+
+<p><b>Freckles</b>, or the round or oval-shaped yellowish or brownish-yellow
+spots, resembling stains, common on the face and the backs of the hands
+of persons with a fair and delicate skin who are much exposed to the
+direct rays of the sun in hot weather, are of little importance in themselves,
+and have nothing to do with the general health. Ladies who
+desire to remove them may have recourse to the frequent application of
+dilute spirit, or lemon juice, or a lotion formed by adding acetic, hydrochloric,
+nitric, or sulphuric acid, or liquor of potassa, to water, until it is
+just strong enough to slightly prick the tongue. One part of good
+Jamaica rum to two parts of lemon juice or weak vinegar is a good form
+of lotion for the purpose. The effect of all these lotions is increased by
+the addition of a little glycerine.</p>
+
+<p>The preceding are also occasionally called &#8220;common freckles,&#8221;
+&#8220;summer freckles,&#8221; and &#8220;sun freckles.&#8221; In some cases they are very
+persistent, and resist all attempts to remove them while the exposure that
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>produces them is continued. Their appearance may be prevented by
+the greater use of the veil, parasol or sunshade, or avoidance of exposure
+to the sun during the heat of the day.</p>
+
+<p>Another variety, popularly known as cold freckles, occur at all
+seasons of the year, and usually depend on disordered health or some
+disturbance of the natural functions of the skin. Here the only external
+application that proves useful is the solution of bichloride of mercury and
+glycerine, or Gowland's lotion.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Itch</b>&mdash;&#8220;psora&#8221; and &#8220;scabies,&#8221; of medical authors; the &#8220;gale&#8221;
+of the French,&mdash;already referred to, in its common forms is an eruption
+of minute vesicles, generally containing animalcula (acari), and of which
+the principal seats are between the fingers, bend of the wrist, etc. It is,
+accompanied by intense itching of the parts affected, which is only aggravated
+by scratching. The usual treatment is with sulphur ointment
+(simple or compound) well rubbed in once or twice a day; a spoonful
+(more or less) of flowers of sulphur, mixed with treacle or milk, being
+taken at the same time, night and morning. Where the external use of
+sulphur is objectionable, on account of its smell, a sulphuretten bath or
+lotion, or one of chloride of lime, may be used instead. In all cases
+extreme cleanliness, with the free use of soap and water, must be strictly
+adhered to.</p>
+
+<p>The small, soft discolorations and excrescences of the skin, popularly
+called moles, may be removed by touching them every second or
+third day with strong acetic or nitric acid, or with lunar caustic. If
+covered with hair they should be shaved first.</p>
+
+<p><b>Extreme paleness</b> of the skin, when not symptomatic of any
+primary disease, generally arises from debility, or from the languid
+circulation of the blood at the surface of the body; often, also, from
+insufficient or improper food, want of outdoor exercise, and the like.
+The main treatment is evident. Warm baths, friction, and stimulating
+lotions and cosmetics may be here employed, together with a course of
+some mild chalbeate (as the lactate, protophosphate, or ammonia-citrate
+of iron) and hypophosphate of soda.</p>
+
+<p><b>Roughness and Coarseness</b> of the skin, when not depending
+on any particular disease, may be removed or greatly lessened by daily
+friction with mild unguents or oil, or by moistening the parts, night and
+morning, with a weak solution of bichloride of mercury containing a
+little glycerine.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span><b>Rashes and redness</b> of the skin, of a common character, often
+arise from very trifling causes, among which indigestion, suppressed
+perspiration, irritation, and the like, are the most frequent. Nettle rash
+or urticaria, so called from the appearance and tingling sensations resembling
+those caused by the sting of nettles, in some people, is very
+apt to follow the use of indigestible and unwholesome food. It is usually
+of short duration and recurrent. The treatment consists in the administration
+of mild saline aperients, and, in severe cases, of an emetic, particularly
+when the stomach is still loaded with indigestible matter. These
+should be followed by copious use of lemonade made from the fresh
+expressed juice. The patient should be lightly but warmly clothed
+during the attack, and exposure to the cold, or to draughts of cold air,
+should be carefully avoided. The further treatment may be similar to
+that noticed under &#8220;eruptions.&#8221; To prevent the recurrence of the attack,
+the objectionable articles of food, and any other known exciting causes,
+must be avoided. Red rash, red blotch, or fiery spot, a common consequence
+of disordered health, a sudden fit of dyspepsia, and, in females,
+of tight lacing, and rose rash, false measles, or roseola, having commonly
+a similar origin to the preceding, for the most part require the same
+treatment.</p>
+
+<p><b>Scurf</b>&mdash;&#8220;furfur or furfura&#8221;&mdash;is a formation depending on the natural
+and healthy exfoliation of the skin on every part of the body on
+which hair or down grows, but most extensive and observable on the
+scalp, on account of the abundance and darker color of the hair there.
+Scurfiness, or excessive scurfiness, is the result of morbid action, and may
+be treated by the frequent use of the fleshbrush or hairbrush, ablution
+with soap and water, and the use of mild stimulating, astringent, or detergent
+lotions.</p>
+
+<p><b>Scurvy</b>&mdash;&#8220;scorbutus&#8221; of medical writers&mdash;is a disease which, even
+in its incipient and early stages, when its presence is often unsuspected,
+is most injurious to the skin and complexion. It usually commences
+with unnatural sallowness, debility, and low spirits. As it proceeds, the
+gums become sore, spongy, and apt to bleed on the slightest pressure or
+friction; the teeth loosen, and the breath acquires a f&#339;tid odor; the legs
+swell, eruptions appear on different parts of the body, and at length the
+patient sinks under general emaciation, diarrh&#339;a, and hemorrhages.
+Its chief cause is improper food, or, rather, the absence or insufficient
+supply of fresh meat and vegetables in the diet; to which cold, humidity,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>want of exercise and fresh air may be added as secondary ones. Hence
+its frequent, fatal visitations formerly on shipboard, and its still occasional
+occurrence in ill-victualled ships during long voyages. The treatment
+mainly consists in adopting a liberal diet of fresh animal food and green
+vegetables, with ripe food and an ample allowance of mild ale or beer, or
+lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice, as beverages. In serious
+cases, tonics, as quinine and steel, should also be administered.</p>
+
+<p><b>Wrinkles</b> and looseness of the skin depend chiefly on the attenuation
+of the cutis or true skin and the reduction in the bulk of the underlying
+surfacial portions of the body. They cannot be regarded as a
+disease of the skin; but are the result of long continued bad health,
+anxiety and study, and of general emaciation and old age. Cleanliness,
+nutritious food, vigorous outdoor exercise, agreeable occupation of the
+mind, and an equable and happy temper, retard their formation. Whatever
+tends to promote the general health and to increase the bulk of the
+body, and particularly the disposition of fat in the cellular tissues, also
+tends to remove them and to increase the smoothness and beauty of the
+skin. The free and frequent use of warm water and soap, followed by the
+daily use of mild, stimulating, cosmetic lotions or fomentations, or friction
+with warm oil of a like character, and cod-liver oil internally, is all that
+art can do for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p><b>Excoriations</b>, in popular language, are those cases of soreness
+produced by chafing under the arms, behind the ears, and in the wrinkles
+and folds of the skin generally. They occur chiefly in infancy, and in
+stout persons with a delicate skin, who perspire excessively. Extreme
+cleanliness, and carefully wiping the parts dry after washing, with the
+subsequent use of a little violet powder, or finely powdered starch, or
+French chalk scraped or grated very fine, dusted over the parts once or
+twice a day, will generally remove them and prevent their recurrence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WASHES FOR THE FACE.</h5>
+
+<p>We do not approve of face washes, but as some ladies will use them,
+we recommend the following as harmless: Dampen with glycerine tempered
+with rose-water, then powder with the finest magnesia. It imparts
+a charming whiteness.</p>
+
+<p>Less harmless, but more frequently used, is to procure five cents'
+worth of bismuth, of flake white, and of powdered chalk; mix with five
+cents' worth of rose-water. Great care must be taken to wash off this
+preparation before retiring to rest, as the bismuth is of a hurtful nature.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span><b>To Remove Freckles.</b>&mdash;Freckles are of two kinds: Those occasioned
+by exposure to the sunshine, and consequently evanescent, are
+denominated &#8220;summer freckles&#8221;; those which are constitutional and
+permanent are called &#8220;cold freckles.&#8221; With regard to the latter, it is
+impossible to give any advice which will be of value. They result from
+causes not to be affected by mere external applications. Summer
+freckles are not difficult to deal with, and with a little care the skin may
+be kept free from this cause of disfigurement by using either of the
+following lotions:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>First: Scrape horse-radish into a cup of sour milk, let it stand twelve
+hours, strain, and apply two or three times a day.</p>
+
+<p>Second: Into half a pint of milk squeeze the juice of a lemon, with
+a spoonful of brandy, and boil, skimming well; add a dram of rock alum.
+Apply freely.</p>
+
+<p><b>Magic Lotion for Removing Freckles.</b>&mdash;Dissolve three grains
+of borax in five drams each of rose-water and orange-flower water. A
+splendid and harmless remedy is equal parts of pure glycerine and rose-water,
+applied every night and allowed to dry on the skin.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Freckles and Tan.</b>&mdash;Tincture of benzoin, one pint;
+tincture of tolu, one-half pint; oil rosemary, one-half ounce. Put one
+teaspoonful of the above mixture in one-quarter pint of water, and then
+with a towel thoroughly bathe the face. Do this every night and
+morning.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Expel Freckles.</b>&mdash;Finely powdered nitre is excellent. Apply
+it to the face with the finger moistened with water and dipped in the
+powder.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleopatra's Freckle Balm.</b>&mdash;A splendid article. Venice soap,
+one ounce; lemon juice, half ounce; oil of bitter almonds, quarter ounce;
+deliquidated oil of tartar, quarter ounce; oil of rhodium, three drops.
+Dissolve the soap in the lemon juice, then add the two oils, and put the
+whole in the sun till it acquires the consistency of ointment, and then
+add the oil rhodium. Anoint the freckly face at night with this balm,
+and wash in the morning with pure water.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lemon Cream for Sunburn and Freckles.</b>&mdash;Put two spoonfuls
+of sweet cream into half a pint of new milk, squeeze into it the juice
+of a lemon, add half a glass of genuine French brandy, a little alum and
+loaf sugar; boil the whole, skim it well, and when cool it is fit for use.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span><b>Wash to Prevent Sunburn.</b>&mdash;Take two drams of borax, one
+dram of Roman alum, one dram of camphor, half an ounce of sugar
+candy, one pound of ox-gall. Mix and stir well together, and repeat the
+stirring three or four times a day until it becomes transparent; then
+strain it through filtering or blotting paper, and it will be fit for use.
+Wash the face with the mixture before you go into the sun.</p>
+
+<p><b>Grape Lotion for Sunburn.</b>&mdash;Dip a bunch of green grapes in a
+basin of water; sprinkle it with powdered alum and salt mixed; wrap
+the grapes in paper, and bake them under hot ashes; then express the
+juice, and wash the face with the liquid, which will remove either freckles,
+tan or sunburn.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Soften and Whiten the Skin&mdash;Pate Axerasive of
+Bozin.</b>&mdash;This celebrated perfume has the distinction of being highly
+commended by the French Royal Academy of Medicine. It is better
+for toilet use than soaps, which contain alkali.</p>
+
+<p>Take powder of bitter almonds, eight ounces; oil of the same,
+twelve ounces; savon vert of the perfumes, eight ounces; spermaceti,
+four ounces; soap powder, four ounces; cinnabar, two drams; essence
+of rose, one dram. Melt the soap and spermaceti with the oil in a bath
+water; add the powder, and mix the whole in a marble mortar. It forms
+a paste which softens and whitens the skin better than any soap.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Red Pimples.</b>&mdash;Sulphur water, one ounce; acetated
+liquor of ammonia, quarter ounce; liquor of potassa, one grain; white
+wine vinegar, two ounces; distilled water, two ounces.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Black Specks or Flesh-worms.</b>&mdash;Squeeze them
+by pressing the skin, and then wash with warm water and rub well with a
+towel. Then apply the following lotion: Liquor of potassa, one ounce;
+cologne, two ounces.</p>
+
+<p><b>Preparation for Whitening the Face and Neck.</b>&mdash;For bleaching
+and purifying the skin of the face and neck, making them
+beautifully smooth and white: Terebinth of Mecca, three grains;
+oil of sweet almonds, four ounces; spermaceti, two drams; flour of zinc,
+one dram; white wax, two drams; rose-water, six drams. Mix in a bath
+water, and melt together. After washing, before retiring (use water as
+hot as can be borne), anoint the face and neck freely with this preparation.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span><b>To Cure Profuse Perspiration.</b>&mdash;Bathe the hands, feet, and
+parts of the body where the perspiration is greatest, with a cold infusion
+of rosemary and sage, and afterwards dust the stockings and under-garments
+with a mixture of two drams of camphor, four ounces of orris
+root, and sixteen ounces of starch, the whole reduced to a fine powder.
+Put the mixture in a coarse muslin bag, and shake it over the clothes.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cleopatra's Enamel for Whitening the Hands and Arms.</b>&mdash;One
+ounce of myrrh, four ounces of honey, two ounces of yellow wax, six
+ounces of rose-water. Mix well together the wax, honey and rose-water
+in a dish held over boiling water, and add the myrrh while hot. Rub
+this thickly over the skin before going to bed.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure Freckles and Parched or Rough Skin.</b>&mdash;Take one
+ounce of sweet almonds, or of pistachia nuts, half a pint of elder or rose-water,
+and one ounce of pure glycerine; grate the nuts and put the
+powder in a little linen or cotton bag, and squeeze it for several minutes
+in the rose-water; then add the glycerine and a little perfume. Use it
+by wetting the face two or three times a day. This is a grateful application
+for a parched, rough skin, and is good for the removal of freckles.
+It should be allowed to dry thoroughly. When it feels pasty or sticky it
+may be washed off with a little warm water without soap.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PURIFY THE BREATH.</h5>
+
+<p>There is nothing more disagreeable to people with whom we associate
+than for them to be able to detect a bad odor from our breath when
+in their company. Yet a great many are afflicted in this way. The
+following will purify and sweeten the breath: Chlorate of lime, seven
+drams; vanilla sugar, three drams; gumeratic, five drams. Mix well
+with warm water to a stiff paste, and cut into lozenges. Take a lozenge
+occasionally.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO BLEACH AND PURIFY THE SKIN OF THE FACE AND NECK.</h5>
+
+<p>A celebrated physician gives the following as a good skin bleacher
+and purifier: Half a pint of skim milk; slice into it as much cucumber as
+it will cover, and let it stand an hour; then bathe the face, neck, and
+hands. Wash them off with clean soft water when the cucumber extract
+is dry. If the skin is rough from exposure to the wind, an application of
+buttermilk at night, washed off with fine carbolic soap in the morning,
+will make the skin smooth and natural.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span><b>To Permanently Remove Black Specks or &#8220;Flesh-worms.&#8221;</b>&mdash;Sometimes
+little black specks appear about the base of the
+nose, or on the forehead, or in the hollow of the chin, which are called
+flesh-worms, and are occasioned by coagulated lymph that obstructs the
+pores of the skin. They may be squeezed out by pressing the skin, and
+ignorant people suppose them to be little worms. They are permanently
+removed by washing with very warm water, and severe friction with a
+towel and then applying a little of the following preparation: Liquor of
+potassa, one ounce; cologne, two ounces; white brandy, four ounces.</p>
+
+<p><b>French Face Wash Purifies and Brightens the Complexion.</b>&mdash;Take
+equal parts of the seeds of the melon, pumpkin, gourd,
+and cucumber, pounded till they are reduced to powder; add to it sufficient
+fresh cream to dilute the flour, and then add milk enough to reduce
+the whole to a thick paste. Add a grain of musk and a few drops of the
+oil of lemon. Anoint the face with this, leave it on twenty or thirty
+minutes, or over night if convenient, and wash off with warm water. It
+gives a remarkable purity and brightness to the complexion.</p>
+
+<p>Or, try this; splendid.&mdash;Infuse a handful of well-sifted wheat bran
+for four hours in white wine vinegar; add to it five yolks of eggs and two
+grains of musk, and distill the whole. Bottle it, keep carefully corked for
+fifteen days, when it will be fit for use. Apply over night, and wash in
+the morning with tepid water.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Pimples.</b>&mdash;There are many kinds of pimples, some
+of which partake almost of the nature of ulcers, which require medical
+treatment; but the small red pimple, which is most common, may be
+removed by applying the following twice a day: Sulphur water, one
+ounce; acetated liquid of ammonia, one-quarter ounce; liquor of potassa,
+one grain; white wine vinegar, two ounces; distilled water, two ounces.
+These pimples are sometimes cured by frequent washing in warm water
+and prolonged friction with a coarse towel. The cause of these pimples
+is obstruction of the skin and imperfect circulation.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Tan.</b>&mdash;<i>Creme de'l Enclos.</i>&mdash;New milk, half a pint;
+lemon juice, one-quarter ounce; white brandy, half ounce. Boil the
+whole and skim it clear from all scum. Use night and morning.</p>
+
+<p><b>A Cosmetic Bath.</b>&mdash;Take two pounds of barley or bean flour,
+eight pounds of bran, and a few handfuls of Borage leaves. Boil these
+ingredients in a sufficient quantity of spring water. This both cleanses
+and softens the skin in a superior manner.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span><b>Kalydor for the Complexion.</b>&mdash;For pimples, freckle-tanned
+skin, or scurf on the skin. Take emulsion of bitter almonds, one pint;
+oxymuriate of quicksilver, two and one-half pints; sal ammoniac, one
+dram. To be used moderately by means of a sponge, after washing the
+face and hands with pure soap and warm water.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Improve the Skin.</b>&mdash;Take two ounces of Venice soap and
+dissolve it in two ounces of lemon juice. Add one ounce of the oil of
+bitter almonds and a like quantity of the oil of tartar. Mix the whole
+and stir it well till it has acquired the consistence of soap, and use it as
+such for the hands. The paste of sweet almonds, which contains an oil
+fit for keeping the skin soft and elastic and removing indurations, may be
+beneficially applied to the hands and arms.</p>
+
+<p><b>Wash a la Marie Antoinette.</b>&mdash;Gives a beautiful brilliancy to
+the complexion. Take half a dozen lemons and cut them in small pieces,
+a small handful of the leaves of white lilies and southernwood, and infuse
+them in two quarts of cows milk, with an ounce and a half of white sugar
+and an ounce of rock alum. These are to be distilled in palneum mari&aelig;.
+The face at bedtime is to be rubbed with this liquid, and it will give a
+beautiful luster to the complexion. It is a safe application, and its effects
+are certain.</p>
+
+<p><b>Liquid Rouge.</b>&mdash;Harmless&mdash;a perfect imitation of nature. For
+ladies who wish to use a little artificial bloom the following is recommended.
+A liquid rouge to produce a perfect imitation of the colors of
+nature is prepared as follows: Add to a pint of French brandy, half an
+ounce of benzoin, an ounce of red sandalwood, half an ounce of Brazil
+wood and the same quantity of rock alum. Cork the bottle carefully,
+shake it well once a day, and at the end of twelve days it will be fit for
+use. The cheeks are to be lightly touched with it.</p>
+
+<p><b>Milk of Roses.</b>&mdash;This is a cosmetic. Pound an ounce of almonds
+in a mortar very finely; then put in shavings of honey soap in a small
+quantity. Add enough rose-water to enable you to work the composition
+with the pestle into a fine cream; and in order that it may keep, add to
+the whole an ounce of spirits of wine, by slow degrees. Scent with otto
+of roses. Strain through muslin. Apply to the face with a sponge or a
+piece of lint.</p>
+
+<p><b>Circassian Cream.</b>&mdash;This celebrated preparation is made, according
+to a published recipe, in this way: Castor oil, one pint; almond
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>oil, four ounces; liquid potassa, three drams; essence of bergamot, oil of
+cloves, and oil of lemon, in equal quantities; and about a dozen drops of
+otto of roses.</p>
+
+<p><b>Toilet Vinegar.</b>&mdash;Add to the best malt vinegar, half a pint of
+cognac and a pint of rose-water. Scent may be added, and if so, it should
+be first mixed with the spirit before the other ingredients are put in.</p>
+
+<p><b>Bloom Rose.</b>&mdash;This is a preparation of carmine for the face and
+lips. Take a quarter of a dram of carmine and place it in a phial with
+half a dram of liquid ammonia; keep for a few days, occasionally shaking
+the mixture; then dilute with two ounces of rose-water, to which half a
+dram of essence of roses has been added. Draw off and keep a week or
+ten days, then apply with the corner of a soft handkerchief, taking care
+that if the color is too bright it is reduced by means of pure water.</p>
+
+<p><b>Certain Cure for Eruptions, Pimples, Etc.</b>&mdash;Having in
+numerous instances seen the good effects of the following prescription, I
+can certify to its perfect remedy: Dilute corrosive sublimate with the oil
+of almonds, apply it to the face occasionally, and in few days a cure will
+be effected.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Clear the Complexion, and Reduce the Size.</b>&mdash;It is
+essential that the blood should be cleansed. Take a teaspoonful of
+powdered charcoal, mixed with water or honey, for three successive nights,
+then use a seidlitz powder to remove it from the system. It acts splendidly
+upon the system and purifies the blood; but under no circumstances must
+the physic be neglected to carry the chemicals from the system; if not,
+ill effects are certain to follow.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure and Refine a Stippled or Blotched Skin.</b>&mdash;A small
+dose of teraxacum every other night will most materially aid in refining
+the skin. It is a month's or six weeks' job to accomplish the desired
+result. You must also wear a mask of quilted cotton, wet in cold water,
+over night. Do not get discouraged, for it is worth the trouble.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO CURE AND PREVENT WRINKLES.</h5>
+
+<p><b>Pomade d'Hebe.</b>&mdash;This pomade is used for the removal of
+wrinkles. To make: Melt white wax, one ounce, to gentle heat; add
+juice of lily bulbs, two ounces; add honey, two ounces; rose-water, two
+drams; and otto of roses, a drop or two. Use twice a day.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span><b>Lotion for Wrinkles.</b>&mdash;Beautifies the face, preserves the freshness
+of youth, and gives a beautiful brilliancy to the skin. Take the second
+water of barley, one pint, and strain through a piece of fine linen; add a
+dozen drops of the balm of Mecca; shake it well together until the balm
+is thoroughly incorporated with the water, which will be effected when the
+water assumes a whitish or turgid appearance. Before applying, wash the
+face with soft water. If used once a day, this lotion will beautify the face,
+remove wrinkles, preserve the freshness of youth, and give a surprising
+brilliancy to the skin.</p>
+
+<p><b>Wash for Wrinkles.</b>&mdash;Take two ounces of the juice of onions,
+two ounces of the white lily, two ounces of Norboune honey, and one
+ounce of white wax; put the whole into a new earthen pipkin until the
+wax is melted, then take the pipkin (crock) off the fire, and continue
+stirring briskly until the mixture grows cold. This should be applied on
+going to bed and allowed to remain on till the morning.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Wrinkles.</b>&mdash;To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum
+benzoin add seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half ounce
+of glycerine. Bathe face, neck, and hands with it at night, letting it
+dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very little pure white castile
+soap and soft water. This is a famous cosmetic, and has been sold
+under various names. It is an excellent remedy for tan, freckles, and
+sunburn also.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO HAVE BRILLIANT, BEAUTIFUL EYES.</h5>
+
+<p>Beautiful eyes are the gift of nature; but even those of the greatest
+beauty may owe something to the toilet, while those of an indifferent
+kind are very susceptible of improvement. We entirely discountenance
+any tampering with the eye itself, with a view to giving it luster or brightness.
+The sight has often been injured by the use of belladonna, preparations
+of the calabar bean, eyebright, and other substances having a
+strong effect on the eyes. But without touching the eye itself, it is possible
+to give the effect of brightness, softness, etc., by means of the eyelids
+and eyelashes. Made-up eyes are by no means desirable, and to many
+are singularly displeasing; but the same may be said of made-up faces
+generally. Some ladies are, however, persuaded that it adds to their
+charms to give the eyes a long, almond shape&mdash;after the Egyptian type&mdash;while
+very many are persuaded that the eye is not seen to advantage
+unless its apparent size is increased by the darkening of the lids. Both
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>these effects are produced by kohl, a black powder, which may be procured
+at the chemist's, and is mixed with rose-water and applied with a
+camel's-hair brush.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure Weak Eyes.</b>&mdash;It is well to have on the toilet table a
+remedy for inflamed eyes. Spermaceti ointment is simple and well
+adapted for the purpose. Apply at night, and wash off with rose-water
+in the morning. Golden ointment will serve a like purpose. Or, there
+is a simple lotion made by dissolving a very small piece of alum and a
+piece of lump sugar of the same size in a quart of water. Put the
+ingredients into water cold and let them simmer. Bathe the eyes
+frequently with it. Sties in the eyes are irritating and disfiguring.
+Foment with warm water; at night apply a bread and milk poultice.
+When a white head forms, prick it with a fine needle. Should the inflammation
+be obstinate, a little citerine ointment may be applied, care being
+taken that it does not get into the eye, and an aperient should be tried.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Improve the Eyelashes.</b>&mdash;Many people speak highly of this
+secret. Trim the tiny points slightly, and anoint with this salve: Two
+drams of ointment of nitric oxida of mercury, and one dram of lard.
+Mix the lard and ointment well, and anoint the edges of the eyelids night
+and morning, after each time, with milk and water. This will restore the
+lashes when all other remedies fail. It is not known in this country, and
+is a valuable secret.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure Weakness of Eyes.</b>&mdash;Sulphate of copper, fifteen grains;
+camphor, four grains; boiling water, four ounces. Mix, strain, and
+when cold make up to four pints with water. Bathe the eyes night and
+morning with a portion of the mixture.</p>
+
+<p><b>How to Have Beautiful Eyelashes.</b>&mdash;The effect of the eyes is
+greatly aided by beautiful eyelashes. These may be secured to a certain
+extent by a little care, especially if it is taken early in life. The extreme
+ends should be cut with a pair of small, sharp scissors, care being taken
+to preserve the natural outline, not to leave jagged edges. Attention to
+this matter results in the lengthening of the lashes. Dyeing them is
+another expedient often resorted to for increasing their effect. A good
+permanent black is all that is needed, and for this use Indian ink. As
+an impromptu expedient to serve for one night, a hairpin held for a few
+seconds in the flame of a candle, and drawn through the lashes, will serve
+to color them well, and with sufficient durability. It need scarcely be
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>added that the hairpin must be suffered to grow cold before it is used, or
+the consequence may be that no eyelash will be left to color. Good eyebrows
+are not to be produced artificially. It is possible, however, to
+prevent those that are really good from degenerating through neglect.
+When wiping the face dry after washing, pass a corner of the towel over
+the forefinger and set the eyebrows in the form you wish them to assume.
+And when oiling the hair, do not forget to oil the eyebrows also.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure Watery and Inflamed Eyes.</b>&mdash;Foment frequently with
+decoction of poppy heads. When the irritation and inflammation occur, a
+teaspoonful of cognac brandy in four ounces of spring water may be used
+three or four times in the course of the day as a strengthening lotion.</p>
+
+<p><b>General Care of the Eyes.</b>&mdash;The eyes, of all the features, stand
+pre-eminent for their beauty and ever-varying powers of expression, and
+for being the organs of the most exalted, delicate and useful of the
+senses. It is they alone that &#8220;reveal the external forms of beauty to
+the mind, and enable it to perceive them, even at a distance, with the
+speed of light. It is they alone that clothe the whole creation
+with the magic charms of color, and fix on every object the identity of
+figure. It is the eyes alone, or chiefly, that reveal the emotions of the
+mind to others, and that clothe the features with the language of the soul.
+Melting with pity, or glowing with hope, or redolent with love, benevolence,
+desire, or emulation, they impart to the countenance those vital
+fascinations which are the peculiar attributes of man.&#8221; &#8220;And when the
+mind is subdued by fear, anxiety or shame, or overwhelmed by sorrow or
+despair, the eyes, like faithful chroniclers, still tell the truthful story of
+the mental disquietude. And hatred, anger, envy, pride, and jealousy,
+ambition, avarice, discontent, and all the varied passions and emotions
+that torment, excite or depress the human soul, and find a resting
+place in the human breast, obtain expression in the eyes. At one moment
+the instruments of receiving and imparting pleasure, at another the
+willing or passive instruments of pain, their influences and changes are
+as varied and boundless as the empire of thought itself.&#8221; Through their
+silent expressions the mind reveals its workings to the external world in
+signs more rapid and as palpable as those uttered by the tongue. It is
+&#8220;the eyes alone that stamp the face with the outward symbol of animation
+and vitality,&#8221; and which endue it with the visible &#8220;sanctity of reason.&#8221;
+The eye is, indeed, the chief and most speaking feature of the face, and
+the one on whose excellence, more than any other, its beauty depends.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>Theories have been based on even the peculiar color of the eyes.
+Thus, it is said that dark blue eyes are found chiefly in persons of
+delicate, refined or effeminate mental character; light blue eyes, and
+more particularly gray eyes, in the hardy and active; hazel eyes, in the
+masculine, vigorous, and profound; black eyes, in those whose energy is
+of a desultory or remittent character, and who exhibit fickleness in
+pursuits and affection. Greenish eyes, it is asserted, have the same
+general meaning as gray eyes, with the addition of selfishness or a
+sinistrous disposition. These statements, however, though based on
+some general truths, and supported by popular opinion, are liable to so
+many exceptions as to be unreliable and valueless in their individual
+applications.</p>
+
+<p>Shakespeare is said to have had hazel eyes; Swift, blue eyes; Milton,
+Scott, and Byron, gray eyes. Wellington and Napoleon are also said
+to have had gray eyes.</p>
+
+<p>A beautiful eye is one that is full, clear, and brilliant; appropriate
+in color to the complexion, and in form to the features, and of which the
+connected parts&mdash;the eyelids, eyelashes, and eyebrows, which, with it, in
+a general view of the subject, collectively form the external eye&mdash;are also
+beautiful, and in keeping with it.</p>
+
+<p>To increase the beauty and expression of the eyes, various means are
+occasionally had recourse to, nearly all of which, except those herein
+mentioned in connection with the eyelashes and eyebrows, are not merely
+highly objectionable, but even dangerous. Thus, some fashionable ladies
+and actresses, to enhance the clearness and brilliancy of their eyes before
+appearing in public, are in the habit of exposing them to air slightly
+impregnated with the vapor of prussic acid. This is done by placing a
+single drop of the dilute acid at the bottom of an eyecup or eyeglass,
+and then holding the cup or glass against the eye for a few seconds, with
+the head in an inclined position. It has also been asserted, and I believe
+correctly, that certain ladies of the demimonde rub a very small quantity
+of belladonna ointment on the brow over each eye, or moisten the same
+part with a few drops of tincture of belladonna. This produces dilation
+of the pupil, and gives that peculiar fullness and an expression of languor
+to the eyes which, by some, is regarded as exceedingly fascinating. The
+use of these active medicinals in this way must be manifestly injurious;
+and when frequent, or long continued or carried to excess, must necessarily
+result in impaired vision, if not in actual blindness.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>The following means of repairing and restoring the sight, which has
+for some time been going the round of the press, being based on scientific
+principles, may be appropriately inserted here:</p>
+
+<p>For nearsightedness, close the eyes and pass the fingers, very gently,
+several times across them outward, from the canthus, or corner next the
+nose, towards the temple. This tends slightly to flatten the corner and
+lens of the eye, and thus to lengthen or extend the angle of vision. The
+operation should be repeated several times a day, or at least always after
+making one's toilet, until shortsightedness is nearly or completely removed.
+For long sight, loss of sight by age, weak sight, and generally for all those
+defects which require the use of magnifying glasses, gently pass the finger,
+or napkin, from the outer angle or corner of the eyes inward, above and
+below the eyeball, towards the nose. This tends slightly to &#8220;round
+up&#8221; the eyes, and thus to preserve or to restore the sight. It should be
+done every time the eyes are washed, or oftener.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO HAVE A BEAUTIFUL MOUTH AND LIPS.</h5>
+
+<p>The beauty of the human mouth and lips, the delicacy of their
+formation and tints, their power of expression, which is only inferior to
+that of the eyes, and their elevated position as the media with the palate,
+tongue, and teeth, by which we communicate our thoughts to others in an
+audible form, need scarcely be dilated on here. The poet tells us that:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&#8220;The lips of woman out of roses take<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">The tints with which they ever stain themselves.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">They are the beautiful, lofty shelves<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Where rests the sweetness which the young hours make,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And which the earnest boy, whom we call Love,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Will often sip in sorrow or in play.<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Health, when it comes, doth ruddiness approve,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">But his strong foe soon flatters it away!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Disease and health for a warm pair of lips,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Like York and Lancaster, wage active strife:<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">One on his banner front the White rose keeps,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">And one the Red; and thus with woman's life,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Her lips are made a battle-field for those<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Who struggle for the color of a rose.&#8221;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>A beautiful mouth is one that is moderately small, and has a well-defined
+and graceful outline; and beautiful lips are gracefully molded,
+neither thick nor thin, nor compressed nor lax, and that are endowed
+with expression and are tinted with the hues of health.</p>
+
+<p>The ladies of Eastern nations commonly heighten the hue and freshness
+of their lips by means of cosmetics, a practice which in Western
+Europe is only adopted on the stage, and occasionally by courtesans and
+ladies of the demimonde.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>Chapped lips most frequently occur in persons with pale, bluish,
+moist lips and a languid circulation, who are much exposed to the wind
+or who are continually moving from heated apartments to the external air.
+East and north-east winds are those that generally produce them. The
+occasional application of a little cold cream, lip salve, spermaceti ointment,
+or any other mild unguent, will generally prevent them, and remove them
+when they have already formed. A still more elegant and effective preventive
+and remedy is glycerine diluted with about twice its weight of
+eau-de-rose, or glycerinated lip salve or balsam.</p>
+
+<p>The moist vesicular eruption of the lips, referred to above, may also
+generally be prevented by the use of glycerine, or any of the preparations
+just mentioned. After its accession, the best treatment is to freely dust
+the affected portion of the lips with violet powder, finely powdered starch,
+prepared chalk, or French chalk or talc reduced to an impalpable powder
+by scraping or grating it.</p>
+
+<p>The following formulas of preparations are all valuable for beautifying
+and preserving the beauty of the lips:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><b>White Lip Salve&mdash;No. 1.</b>&mdash;Take half a pound spermaceti ointment,
+liquify it by the heat of warm water, and stir in one-half dram
+neroli or essence de petit-grain. In a few minutes pour off the clear
+portion from the dregs (if any) and add twenty drops of oil of rose.
+Lastly, before it cools, pour it into jars.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lip Salve&mdash;No. 2.</b>&mdash;This indispensable adjunct to the toilet is
+made by melting in a jar, placed in a basin of boiling water, a quarter of
+an ounce each of white wax and spermaceti; flour of benzoin, fifteen
+grains; and half an ounce of oil of almonds. Stir till the mixture is cool.
+Color red with two-penny worth of alkanet root. Splendid for keeping
+the lips healthy and of a beautiful crimson color.</p>
+
+<p><b>French Lip Salve.</b>&mdash;Lard, twenty-six ounces; white wax, two
+ounces; nitre and alum in fine powder, of each one-half ounce; alkanet
+to color.</p>
+
+<p><b>German Lip Salve.</b>&mdash;Butter of cacao, one-half ounce; oil of
+almonds, one-quarter ounce; melt together with a gentle heat, and add
+six drops of essence of lemon.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE CARE OF THE TEETH.</h5>
+
+<p>The influence which the teeth are capable of exercising on the
+personal appearance is usually known and admitted.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span>The teeth have formed especial objects of attention, in connection
+with the toilet and cosmetic arts, from almost the earliest ages of the
+world to the present time. History and tradition, and the researches of
+arch&aelig;ologists among the remains of the prehistoric nations of the East,
+show us that even dentistry may trace back its origin to a date not very
+long subsequent to the &#8220;confusion of tongues.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>We are told that the ancient Welsh took particular care of their
+teeth, by frequently rubbing them with a stick of green hazel and a
+woollen cloth. To prevent their premature decay, they scrupulously
+avoided acid liquids, and invariably abstained from all hot food and
+drink.</p>
+
+<p>Europeans pride themselves on teeth of pearly whiteness; but many
+Asiatic nations regard them as beautiful only when of a black color.
+The Chinese, in order to blacken them, chew what is called &#8220;betel&#8221; or
+&#8220;betel nut,&#8221; a common masticatory in the East. The Siamese and the
+Tonquinese do the same, but to a still greater extent, which renders their
+teeth as black as ebony, or more so. As the use of the masticatory is
+generally not commenced until a certain age, the common practice is to
+stain the teeth of the boys and girls with a strong preparation of it, on
+the former attaining the age of ten or twelve.</p>
+
+<p>Keeping the lips apart and breathing through the mouth instead of
+the nose, and, particularly, sleeping with the mouth open, are habits which
+are very prejudicial to the teeth and gums. In this way the mouth forms
+a trap to catch the dust and gritty particles floating in the atmosphere,
+which soon mechanically injure the enamel of the teeth by attrition.</p>
+
+<p>On the subject of cleanliness in connection with the teeth and
+mouth, it may be said that the mouth cannot be too frequently rinsed
+during the day, and that it should be more particularly so treated after
+each meal. Pure cold water is the best for the purpose. It not only
+cleans the teeth and mouth, but exerts a tonic action on the gums, which
+warm water, or even tepid water, is deficient in. When cold water cannot
+be tolerated, tepid water may be employed, the temperature being slightly
+lowered once every week or ten days until cold water can be borne.
+Every one who abhors a f&#339;tid breath, rotten teeth, and the toothache,
+would do well to thoroughly clean his teeth at bedtime, observing to
+well rinse the mouth with cold water on rising in the morning, and again
+in the day once, or oftener, as the opportunities occur. With smokers,
+the use of the toothbrush the last thing at night is almost obligatory if
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>they value their teeth and wish to avoid the unpleasant flavor and sensation
+which teeth fouled with tobacco smoke occasion in the mouth on
+awakening in the morning.</p>
+
+<p>As to tooth powders or pastes to be used with the brush, the simplest
+are the best. Plain camphorated chalk, with or without a little finely
+powdered pumice stone or burnt hartshorn, is a popular and excellent
+tooth powder. It is capable of exerting sufficient friction under the
+brush to ensure pearly whiteness of the teeth without injuring the
+enamel, whilst the camphor in it tends to destroy the animalcula in the
+secretions of the mouth, whose skeletons or remains constitute, as we
+shall presently see, the incrassation popularly called &#8220;tartar.&#8221; Recently-burnt
+charcoal, in very fine powder, is another excellent tooth powder,
+which, without injuring the enamel, is sufficiently gritty to clean the
+teeth and remove the tartar from them, and possesses the advantage of
+also removing the offensive odor arising from rotten teeth and from
+decomposing organic matter. The charcoal of the heavy hardwoods, as
+lignum-vit&aelig;, boxwood, oak, are the best; and these, as to quality, range
+in the order given. Still more valuable as a dentifrice is areca nut charcoal,
+which, besides possessing the properties of the other vegetable
+charcoals in an eminent degree, has valuable ones peculiar to itself.</p>
+
+<p>Some dentists, and some persons in imitation of them, in order to
+whiten the teeth, rub their surfaces with hydrochloric acid, somewhat
+dilute; but the practice is a most dangerous one, which, by a few
+repetitions, will sometimes utterly destroy the enamel and lead to the rapid
+decay of all the teeth so treated. Should the teeth be much discolored,
+and ordinary tooth powder prove ineffective, a little lemon juice used
+with the brush will generally render them perfectly white. It should only
+be employed occasionally, and the mouth should be well rinsed with
+water afterwards. A little of the pulp of an orange, used in the same
+way, is also very effective and safe, as are also ripe strawberries, which
+may be either rubbed on the teeth with the fingers or applied with the
+brush. The last form, perhaps, the very best natural dentifrice known.
+Besides possessing singular power in whitening and cleaning the teeth
+and rapidly removing tartar, they destroy the offensive odor of rotten
+teeth and impart an agreeable fragrance to the breath.</p>
+
+<p>The importance of a judicious attention to the teeth, in connection
+with health, cleanliness, and personal comfort and appearance, cannot be
+too often alluded to and enforced.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>It is no exaggeration to say that, taking the whole community, there
+are few, very few, who clean their teeth, or even wash their mouths, once
+a day. With the masses the operation, if performed at all, is confined to
+the Sabbath day, or to holidays; whilst refined, educated, and cleanly
+persons regard the operation of cleaning the teeth as a daily duty, as
+necessary as washing the face and hands. The dirty and vulgar&mdash;the two
+words are here synonymous&mdash;wholly neglect it, and too often even consider
+it as unnecessary, effeminate, and absurd. The consequences of
+the careless performance, or the neglect, of this really necessary personal
+duty are not long in being developed. Passing over the degradation of
+the other features, the offensiveness of the breath, often to a degree
+which renders the individual uncompanionable, and the unfavorable impression
+which, like other marks of uncleanliness, they convey of the taste
+and habits of their possessor, as the immediate effects of habitually
+neglected and dirty teeth, let us look at the more distant, but not less
+certain, ones:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>In cases of ordinary toothache, even severe ones, chewing a small
+piece of really good pellitory will often give relief in a few minutes.
+Chewing a piece of strong, unbleached Jamaica ginger will often do the
+same in light cases. The celebrated John Wesley recommended a &#8220;few
+whiffs&#8221; at a pipe containing a little caraway seed mixed with tobacco as
+a simple and ready means of curing the toothache. I can bear testimony
+to the fact that in some cases it succeeds admirably.</p>
+
+<p>Scarcely anything is more disagreeable, and in marked cases, more
+disgusting, than f&#339;tid breath. It is unpleasant to the person that has
+it, and it renders him unfit for the society of others. The cause of stinking
+breath may generally be traced to rotten teeth, diseased stomach, or
+worms. When the first are the cause, the teeth should be thoroughly
+cleansed and then &#8220;stopped&#8221; in the manner already indicated; or, when
+this is impracticable, the offending tooth, or teeth, may be removed and
+replaced by artificial ones. When this cannot be done, or is inconvenient,
+the evil may be greatly lessened by the frequent use of an
+antiseptic tooth powder, areca nut charcoal or camphorated chalk. Dirty
+teeth, even when quite sound, always more or less taint the breath.
+When a foul or a diseased stomach is the cause, mild aperients should be
+administered; and if these do not succeed, an emetic may be given,
+scrupulous cleanliness of the teeth being observed, as in the former case.
+When worms are the cause, worm medicine, under medical direction,
+will be necessary.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span><b>To Cure Foul Breath.</b>&mdash;When bad breath is occasioned by teeth,
+or any local cause, use a gargle consisting of a spoonful of solution of
+chloride of lime in half a tumbler of water.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Have White and Beautiful Teeth.</b>&mdash;An article known as
+&#8220;The Queen's Tooth Preserver&#8221; is made as follows: One ounce of
+coarsely powdered Peruvian bark, mixed in half a pint of brandy for
+twelve days. Gargle the mouth (teeth and gums) with a teaspoonful of
+this liquid, diluted with an equal quantity of rose-water. Always wash
+off the teeth after each meal with water. Also, twice a day, wash the
+teeth with the ashes of burned bread&mdash;bread burned to ashes.</p>
+
+<p><b>For Decayed Teeth.</b>&mdash;There is nothing better than two scruples of
+myrrh in fine powder, one scruple of juniper gum, and ten grains of
+alum, mixed in honey. Apply often to the teeth.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure Toothache.</b>&mdash;Take equal parts of camphor, sulphuric
+ether, ammonia, laudanum, tincture of cayenne, and one-eighth part oil
+of cloves. Mix well together. Saturate with the liquid a small piece of
+cotton, and apply to the cavity of the diseased tooth, and the pain will
+cease immediately.</p>
+
+<p><b>Premium Tooth Powder.</b>&mdash;Six ounces prepared chalk, one-half
+ounce cassia powder, one ounce orris; mix well.</p>
+
+<p><b>Mouth Pastilles for Perfuming the Breath.</b>&mdash;First: Extract
+of liquorice, three ounces; oil of cloves, one and a half drams; oil of
+cinnamon, fifteen drops. Mix, and divide into one-grain pills.</p>
+
+<p>Second: Catechu, seven drams; orris powder, forty grains; sugar,
+three ounces; oil of rosemary (or of cloves, peppermint, or cinnamon),
+four drops. Mix, and roll flat on oiled marble slab, and cut into very
+small tablets.</p>
+
+<p><b>Feuchtwanger's Tooth Paste.</b>&mdash;Powdered myrrh, two ounces;
+burned alum, one ounce; cream tartar, one ounce; cuttlefish bone, four
+ounces; drop lake, two ounces; honey, half a gallon. Mix. Reduce
+the proportion for a small quantity.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fine Tooth Powder.</b>&mdash;Powdered orris root, one ounce; Peruvian
+bark, one ounce; prepared chalk, one ounce; myrrh, one-half ounce.
+Mix.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove Offensive Breath.</b>&mdash;For this purpose, almost the
+only substance that should be admitted to the toilet is the concentrated
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>solution of chloride of soda. From six to ten drops of it in a wineglassful
+of spring water, taken immediately after the operations of the toilet
+are completed.</p>
+
+<p>In some cases, the odor arising from caries is combined with that of
+the stomach. If the mouth be well rinsed with a teaspoonful of the
+solution of the chloride in a tumbler of water, the bad odor of the teeth
+will be removed.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rye Tooth Powder.</b>&mdash;Rye contains carbonate of lime, carbonate
+of magnesia, oxide of iron, manganese, and silica, all suitable for
+application to the teeth. Therefore, a fine tooth powder is made by
+burning rye, or rye bread, to ashes, and grinding it to powder by passing
+the rolling-pin over it. Pass the powder through a sieve, and use.</p>
+
+<p><b>Camphorated Chalk.</b>&mdash;This favorite tooth powder is easily
+made. Take a pound of prepared chalk, and with this mix two drams of
+camphor very finely powdered, and moisten with spirits of wine.
+Thoroughly mix.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Remove the Yellow Color from Teeth.</b>&mdash;Take of dry
+hypochlorite of lime, one-half dram; red coral, two drams. Tincturate
+and mix thoroughly. This powder is employed in the following manner:
+A new brush is slightly moistened, then dipped in the powder and
+applied to the teeth. A few days after the use of this powder the teeth
+will acquire a beautiful white color.</p>
+
+<p><b>Camphor Paste.</b>&mdash;Take one ounce of oil ammoniac, four
+drams of camphor. Let the above be very finely powdered, then mix it
+with sufficient honey to make it into a smooth paste; triturate it until
+entirely smooth. This is a most excellent paste for preserving and
+beautifying the teeth.</p>
+
+<p><b>Preservative Tincture for the Teeth and Gums.</b>&mdash;Take four
+drams of camphor, one ounce of tincture of myrrh, one ounce of tincture
+of bark, and one ounce of rectified spirits of wine; mix them, and put 30
+or 40 drops in a wineglassful of water. Pour a little of this upon your
+brush before you apply it to the powder, and when the teeth are clean,
+wash the mouth, teeth, and gums with the remainder. It will in ordinary
+cases prevent toothache.</p>
+
+<p><b>Powerfully Cleansing Dentifrice.</b>&mdash;Take fine powder of pumice
+stone, four drams; fine powder of cuttlefish bone, four drams; add one
+scruple of subcarbonate of soda. Mix them well together, color and
+scent according to taste, and then pass it through a fine sieve.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span><b>Infallible Cure for Toothache.</b>&mdash;Take alum, reduced to an
+impalpable powder, two drams; nitreous spirits of ether, seven drams.
+Mix, and apply them to the tooth. This is said to be an infallible cure
+for all kinds of toothache, unless the disease is connected with rheumatism.</p>
+
+<p><b>Mixture for Decayed Teeth.</b>&mdash;Make a balsam with a sufficient
+quantity of honey, two scruples of myrrh in fine powder, a scruple of gum
+juniper, and ten grains of rock alum. A portion to be applied frequently
+to the decayed tooth.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Whiten and Beautify the Teeth.</b>&mdash;Take gum tragacanth,
+one ounce; pumice stone, two drams; gum arabic, one ounce; cream of
+tartar, one ounce. Dissolve the gums in rose-water, and adding to it the
+powder, form the whole into little sticks, which are to be dried slowly in
+the shade, and afterwards kept for use. Use on the brush like soap.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO HAVE SOFT, WHITE AND BEAUTIFUL HANDS.</h5>
+
+<p>There are very few beautiful hands, but to make the hands beautiful
+rests, with scarcely an exception, with the possessor. Now that chiromancy
+has become so fashionable as to be a part of a great many entertainments,
+it is very desirable that the hands should present an attractive
+appearance. A soft, white, delicate hand, with neatly-kept nails, forms
+an important factor in a pleasing personal appearance, and is something
+any man or woman may possess themselves of with a little care. Of
+course it goes without saying, that requisite is perfect cleanliness of both
+the hands and nails. The best and purest soap should be used, and
+when soft water cannot be obtained, a few drops of ammonia, or a little
+borax, should be added to the water in which the hands are washed, and
+they should always be thoroughly dried. A lotion of one ounce glycerine,
+one ounce rose-water, ten drops of carbolic acid, and forty drops of
+hamamelis, is excellent to use on the hands before they are dried each
+time they are washed.</p>
+
+<p>Persons who do housework should wear the India rubber gloves
+which are made for the purpose and can be purchased in any size for
+from $1.00 to $1.25 as they are with or without wrists.</p>
+
+<p>Rubbing the hands once or twice a day in oatmeal tends to whiten
+them and make them soft and flexible.</p>
+
+<p>The following bleaches the hands and arms and makes them beautifully
+soft and white:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span><b>Bleaching Lotion.</b>&mdash;Bitter almonds, ten ounces; iris powder, one
+ounce; pulverized horse-chestnut, two ounces; essence of bergamot, one
+dram; carbonate of potash, two drams; mix. Use on the hands after
+washing, and on retiring for the night.</p>
+
+<p>Five grains of chloridated lime in a pint of warm water will whiten the
+hands and remove all stains, but as this is not always quite harmless to a
+delicate skin, it is perhaps better to remove stains with a cut of lemon,
+and use the preparation given above for whitening them.</p>
+
+<p>Tight lacing and tight sleeves, and even tight shoes, will cause the
+hands to be an unsightly red, for which no lotion or care is a remedy.
+If, however, all the clothing is worn so as to allow a free circulation, and
+the directions which have been given are regularly and constantly followed,
+any hand will become white, supple and delicate&mdash;a pleasure to both
+possessor and beholder; and it is really worth the care, which after a little
+time becomes a fixed habit and so is scarcely noticeable, to have such
+hands.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Make the Hands White and Delicate.</b>&mdash;Should you wish
+to make your hands white and delicate, wash them in hot milk and water
+for a day or two. On retiring to rest, rub them well over with palm oil,
+and put on a pair of woollen gloves. The hands should be thoroughly
+washed with hot water and soap the next morning, and a pair of soft
+leather gloves worn during the day; they should be frequently rubbed
+together to promote circulation. Sunburnt hands should be washed in
+lime water or lemon juice. Should they be severely freckled, the following
+will be good to use: Take of distilled water, half a pint; sal ammoniac,
+half a dram; oxymuriate of quicksilver, four grains; divide the two last
+in spirit, and gradually add the water to them; add another half pint of
+water, mix well together, and it is ready for use. It should be applied
+as often as desirable, with a piece of soft sponge. If rose-water is substituted
+for distilled water, the effect is pleasanter.</p>
+
+<p><b>Remedy for Chapped Hands.</b>&mdash;The simplest remedy is the
+camphor ball, to be obtained of all chemists. Powdered hemlock bark
+put into a piece of muslin and sprinkled on the chaps is highly recommended.
+Or, wash with oatmeal, and afterwards rub the hands over with
+dry oatmeal, so as to remove all dampness. It is a good thing to rub the
+hands and lips with glycerine before going to bed at night. A good oil is
+made by simmering: Sweet oil, one pint; Venice turpentine, three
+ounces; lard, half a pound; beeswax, three ounces. Simmer till the wax
+is melted. Rub on, or apply with a rag.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span><b>To Cure Red Hands.</b>&mdash;Wash them frequently in warm, not hot,
+water, using honey soap and soft towel. Dry with violet powder, and
+again with a soft, dry handkerchief. Take exercise enough to promote
+circulation, and do not wear gloves too tight.</p>
+
+<p><b>Almond Paste for the Hands.</b>&mdash;Take one pound of sweet
+almonds, one-quarter of a pound of bread crumbs, one half a pint of
+spring water, one-half a pint of brandy, and the yolks of two eggs.
+Pound the almonds with a few drops of vinegar or water, to prevent them
+oiling; add the crumbs of bread, which moisten with the brandy as you
+mix it with the almonds and the yolks of eggs. Set this mixture over a
+slow fire, and stir it continually or it will adhere to the edges.</p>
+
+<p><b>Almond Paste for Chapped Hands</b> (which will preserve them
+smooth and white).&mdash;The daily use of the following paste will keep the
+hands smooth and white: Mix a quarter of a pound of unsalted hog's
+lard, which has been washed in common, and then in rose, water, with the
+yolks of two fresh eggs and a large spoonful of honey. Add as much
+paste from almonds (well pounded in a mortar) as will work it into a
+paste.</p>
+
+<p><b>General Remarks.</b>&mdash;The human hand, regarded either with
+reference to its ingenious construction and usefulness, or to its beauty,
+stands alone, in its superlative excellence, in the whole animal world. In
+no species of animal is the hand so wonderfully formed and so perfectly
+developed as in man.</p>
+
+<p>To preserve the delicacy and beauty of the hands, some little care,
+and more than that which is ordinarily bestowed on them, is required.
+Foremost in consideration must be the subject of cleanliness. Dirty and
+coarse hands are no less marks of slothfulness and lowbreeding than
+clean and delicate hands are of refinement and gentility. To promote
+softness and whiteness of the skin, mild emollient soaps, or those
+abounding in oil or fat, should alone be adopted for common use; by
+which means the tendency to contract chaps and chilblains, and roughness
+from drying winds, will also be lessened. The coarse, strong kinds
+of soap, those abounding in alkali, should be rejected, as they tend to
+render the skin rough, dry and brittle. Rain, or soft, water is the best
+natural water for washing the hands, as it cleanses them more rapidly and
+completely than ordinary hard water, and with the use of less soap. It
+may be advantageously used tepid, or even warm; but hot water should
+be avoided. Distilled water, when obtainable, is preferable to even rain
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>water. In the absence of these, water that has been boiled and allowed
+to settle and cool may be employed. With hard water the hands are
+cleansed with difficulty, and though it may be readily softened by the
+addition of a little soda, such an addition tends to make the skin of a
+delicate hand somewhat hard and rough. If hard water must be used to
+wash with, the only harmless substance that can be conveniently added
+to it is a little good powdered borax. This will also cause it to exert a
+genial action on the skin. Oatmeal and warm water used every night
+and morning as a wash will whiten and soften the roughest and darkest
+hands.</p>
+
+<p><b>Coarse, Red, Dark-Skinned Hands</b> may be whitened by the
+occasional use of a few grains of chloride of lime, with warm water, in the
+manner mentioned above.</p>
+
+<p><b>Roughness of the Hands</b>, induced by exposure to cold and
+drying winds, may, in general, be removed by the use of a little powdered
+pumice stone with the soap in washing them. The subsequent application,
+particularly at night, of the above lotions, or of two or three drops
+of almond or olive oil, well rubbed in, will usually effect the object completely.</p>
+
+<p>The hands may be preserved dry for delicate work by rubbing a
+little club moss (lycopodium), in fine powder, over them. So repellent is
+this substance of moisture, that if a small quantity of it be sprinkled on
+the surface of a basin of water, the hand, by a little adroitness, may be
+plunged to the bottom of the basin without becoming wet.</p>
+
+<p>Excessive moisture or perspiration of the hands without obvious
+cause is generally indicative of debility, or disordered stomach, and
+requires corresponding treatment. Frequently washing the hands in
+moderately cold water often proves a local remedy for the inconvenience.
+The addition of a few grains of alum, sal ammoniac, or sulphate of zinc,
+or of a teaspoonful of vinegar, to the water greatly increases its efficacy.
+Extremely delicate and susceptible persons cannot always bear the
+excessive perspiration of their hands to be thus suddenly lessened, and
+therefore some discretion should be exercised by them in their attempts
+to check it.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Finger Nails</b> require special attention if we desire to preserve
+them in their highest condition of beauty and usefulness. To keep
+them clean, the nailbrush and soap and water should be used once
+or oftener daily, as circumstances demand. Once a day at least,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>on wiping the hands after washing them, and whilst they are
+still soft from the action of the water, the free edge of the scarfskin,
+which, if not attended to, is apt to grow upward over the nails,
+should be gently loosened and pressed back in a neatly rounded form,
+by which the occurrence of cracks and sores about their roots (agnails,
+nail springs, etc.) will be prevented, and a graceful, oval form, ending in
+a crescentlike space of white, will be ensured. The skin, as a rule,
+should never be cut, pared, picked or torn off, as is commonly done, and
+the less it is meddled with, otherwise than in the way just mentioned, the
+better. The ends or points of the nails should be pared once every week
+or ten days, according to the rapidity of their growth, which somewhat
+varies with the season of the year and the habit of the individual. This
+is best done with a sharp penknife or nail-knife. Scissors are less convenient
+for the purpose, and have the disadvantage of straining and distorting
+the nails during the process.</p>
+
+<p>The length and shape of the nails, both for beauty and use, should
+exactly correspond with the tips of the fingers. Nails extending beyond
+the ends of the fingers are vulgar, clawlike, and inconvenient; whilst if
+shorter, particularly much shorter than the fingers, they are unsightly and
+of little use, and cause the tips of the fingers to become thick and clumsy.
+Biting the nails should be avoided as a dirty and disagreeable habit, and
+one utterly destructive to their beauty, strength, and usefulness.</p>
+
+<p>To remove stains and discolorations of the nails, a little lemon juice
+or vinegar and water is the best application. Should this fail, a few grains
+of salt of sorrel, oxalic acid, or chloride of lime, each diluted with warm
+water, may be applied, care being taken to thoroughly rinse the hands in
+clean water, without soap, afterwards. Occasionally a little pumice stone,
+in impalpable powder, or powdered cuttlefish bone, putty powder (polisher's
+peroxide of tin), may be used along with water and a piece of wash-leather,
+flannel, or the nailbrush, for the same purpose. The frequent
+use of any of these substances is, however, injurious to the healthy
+growth, strength, and permanent beauty of the nails. The common practice
+of scraping the surface of the nails cannot be too strongly censured,
+as it causes them to become weak and distorted. Blows on the nails,
+and, indeed, violence to them in any form, also distorts and marks them.</p>
+
+<p>The ladies of Oriental nations commonly dye the nails; and amongst
+many savage tribes the same practice is adopted, and is not confined to
+the gentler sex. Amongst Western Europeans, and Americans, white
+and regularly-formed nails are alone esteemed.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span><b>Chapped Hands</b> are common among persons with a languid circulation,
+who are continually &#8220;dabbling&#8221; in water during cold weather,
+and particularly among those with a scrofulous taint, who, without the
+last, expose their ungloved hands to bleak, cold winds. The best preventives,
+as well as remedies, are the use of warm gloves out of doors, and
+the application, night and morning, of a little glycerine, diluted with
+twice its weight of water, or a little cold cream, spermaceti cerate, salad
+oil, or any other simple unguent or oil, which should be well rubbed in,
+the superfluous portion being removed with a towel. This treatment will
+not only preserve the hands from the effects of cold and damp, but also
+tend to render them soft and white. Deep chaps which have degenerated
+into sores should be kept constantly covered with a piece of lint wetted
+with glycerine or spread with spermaceti ointment, the part being at the
+same time carefully preserved from dirt, cold, and wind. It is said that
+a once favorite actress, celebrated for the beauty of her hands, even when
+in the &#8220;sere and yellow leaf,&#8221; covered them nightly with the flare of a
+calf or lamb, with the fat attached, over which was drawn a glove or mitten
+of soft leather. The application of a little glycerine or fatty matter,
+in the way just indicated, would have been equally effective.</p>
+
+<p><b>Warts</b>, like chilblains, are too well known to require description.
+They chiefly attack the hands, and particularly the fingers, but sometimes
+occur on other portions of the body. They may be removed by rubbing
+or moistening their extremities every day, or every other day, with lunar
+caustic, nitric acid, concentrated acetic acid, or aromatic vinegar, care
+being taken not to wash the hands for some hours after. The first is an
+extremely convenient and manageable substance, from not being liable to
+drop or spread; but it produces a black stain, which remains till the
+cauterized surface peels off. The second produces a yellow stain, in depth
+proportioned to the strength of the acid employed. This also wears off
+after the lapse of a few days. The others scarcely discolor the skin.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cause the Skin to become Satin-smooth, and to Smell
+like a bunch of Violets.</b>&mdash;Any one using the following preparation
+will be noted for the fair softness of her complexion and the delicate
+perfume which emanates from her person. For ladies who like perfume,
+and care for a satin-smooth skin, the following is an invaluable toilet
+preparation:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Have your druggist mix for you one ounce tincture of orris, one ounce
+tincture of benzoin, ten drops oil of neroli, and ten drops oil of lemon.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>To use this perfume, add a tablespoonful of it to about a pint of warm
+water. It will turn as white as milk, and the real perfume will be given
+off, whereas while in the bottle it has anything but a pleasing odor. Now,
+after your bath, just take a soft cloth and go over yourself with this milk,
+dry thoroughly, and you will smell like a bunch of violets. The perfume
+may be altered to suit you, or you may add any handkerchief extract, but
+don't omit the benzoin, for that is what gives permanence to the perfume
+and softness and smoothness to the skin.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cause Those Who have Lost the Bloom and Fairness
+of Early Youth to Regain Them.</b>&mdash;Many ladies who as young girls
+were fair with a lovely rosy bloom, lose these beauties very early in life;
+very many do this at twenty, or very little later, and become sallow and
+heavy-eyed, thus losing their principal charm. Now, this is very easily
+remedied. Go to your druggist and ask him for some iron pills and for
+some simple purgative to take with them. Get from him directions for
+taking both, and take strictly according to his directions. In a very short
+time you will again be fair and rosy and your eyes bright and sparkling;
+in fact, you will seem to have renewed your youth, and, indeed, you will
+feel like another person, so light-hearted will you become, in addition to
+your return of beauty.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE HAIR.</h5>
+
+<p><b>Its Estimation, Structure, Growth, Management, Etc.</b>&mdash;The
+hair is not only invaluable as a protective covering of the head, but
+it gives a finish and imparts unequalled grace to the features which it
+surrounds. Sculptors and painters have bestowed on its representation
+their highest skill and care, and its description and praises have been
+sung in the sweetest lays by the poets of all ages. Whether in flowing
+ringlets, chaste and simple bands, or graceful braids artistically disposed,
+it is equally charming, and clothes with fascination even the simplest
+forms of beauty.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O wondrous, wondrous, is her hair!<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">A braided wealth of golden brown,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">That drops on neck and temples bare.<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>If there is one point more than another on which the tastes of mankind
+appear to agree, it is that rich, luxuriant, flowing hair is not merely
+beautiful in itself, but an important, nay, an essential, auxiliary to the
+highest development of the personal charms. Among all the refined
+nations of antiquity, as in all time since, the care, arrangement and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>decoration of the hair formed a prominent and generally leading portion
+of their toilet. The ancient Egyptians and Assyrians, and other
+Eastern nations, bestowed on it the most elaborate attention. The
+ancient Jews, like their modern descendants, were noted for the luxuriance
+and richness of their hair and the care which they devoted to it.
+Glossy flowing black hair is represented to have been the glory of the
+ancient Jewess, and in her person to have exhibited charms of the
+most imposing character; whilst the chasteness of its arrangement was
+only equalled by its almost magic beauty. Nor was this luxuriance, and
+this attention to the hair, confined to the gentler sex, for among the pagan
+Orientals the hair and beards of the males were not less sedulously
+attended to. Among the males of Judah and Israel, long flowing ringlets
+appear to have been regarded as highly desirable and attractive. The
+reputed beauty and the prodigious length and weight of the hair of
+Absalom, the son of David, as recorded in the sacred text, would be
+sufficient to startle the most enthusiastic modern dandy that cultivates
+the crinal ornament of his person. Solomon the Wise, another son of
+David, conceived the beauty of hair sufficiently dignified to express
+figuratively the graces of the Church.</p>
+
+<p>The hair, though devoid of sensibility and unsusceptible of expression
+under the influence of the will and the ordinary mental feelings, like the
+mobile portions of the face, and though it may be popularly regarded
+rather in the light of a parasitic growth than as an essential portion of the
+body, is capable of being affected by the stronger emotions and passions,
+and even of aiding their expression in the features. Who is there that, at
+some period or other of his life, if only in childhood, in a moment of sudden
+terror or horror, has not experienced the sensation popularly described as
+&#8220;the hair standing on end?&#8221; Or who is there that, at some time or other,
+has not witnessed the partial erection of the hair in children or females
+under like violent emotions, or seen the representation of it in sculptures
+or paintings? Those passions, so aptly styled by Gray the &#8220;vultures of
+the mind,&#8221; frequently affect with wonderful rapidity the health of both
+the body and the mind, which wreck the hair soon sympathizes with and
+shares. Instances are recorded in which violent grief in a few weeks has
+blanched the hair and anticipated the effects of age; and others in which
+intense terror or horror has affected the same with even greater celerity,
+the change having occurred in a few days or even in a few hours.</p>
+
+<p>Besides daily attention to the hair, something else is necessary to
+insure its cleanliness and beauty and the perfect health of the skin of the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span>head from which it springs. For this purpose the head should be
+occasionally well washed with soap and water, an abundance of water
+being used and great care being subsequently taken to thoroughly rinse
+out the whole of the soap with the water in which the head has been
+washed. The water may be either tepid or cold, according to the feelings
+or habit of the person; and if the head or hair be very scurfy or dirty, or
+hard water be used, a few grains of soda (not potash or pearlash) may be
+advantageously added to the water. This will increase its detersive
+qualities. After the hair has been washed, which should be done quickly,
+though thoroughly, it should be freed as much as possible by pressure
+with the hands and then wiped with a soft, thick towel, which should be
+done with care, to avoid entangling it. After laying it straight, first with
+the coarse end of the dressing comb and then with the finer portion, it
+may be finally dressed.</p>
+
+<p>In ordinary cases once every two or three weeks is often enough to
+wash the hair and head. The extreme length of ladies' hair will sometimes
+render the process of washing it very troublesome and inconvenient.
+In such cases the patient and assiduous use of a clean, good hairbrush,
+followed by washing the partings and the crown of the head with soap
+and water, may be substituted.</p>
+
+<p>The occasional washing of the head is absolutely necessary to preserve
+the health of the scalp and the luxuriance and beauty of the hair
+when much oil, pomatum or other greasy substance is used in dressing it.</p>
+
+<p>Medical writers have frequently pointed out the ill effects of the free
+or excessive use of oily or greasy articles for the hair; but their warnings
+appear to be unheeded by the mass of mankind. Some object to their
+use altogether. There are, however, exceptions to every rule, and some
+of these exceptions are noticed elsewhere in this volume. The ill effects
+referred to chiefly occur from their being used when not required, and in
+excess, and are aggravated by the neglect of thorough cleanliness.</p>
+
+<p>To improve the growth and luxuriance of the hair, when languid or
+defective, the only natural and perfectly safe method that can be adopted
+is to promote the healthy action of the scalp by increasing the vigor of
+the circulation of the blood through its minute channels. For this purpose
+nothing is so simple and effective as gentle excitation of the skin by
+frequent continued friction with the hairbrush, which has the convenience
+of ease of application and inexpensiveness. The same object may be
+further promoted by the application of any simple cosmetic wash or
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>other preparation that will gently excite or stimulate the skin or exercise
+a tonic action on it without clogging its pores. Strong rosemary water
+or rosemary tea, and a weak solution of the essential oil of either rosemary
+or garden thyme, are popular articles of this kind. They may be
+rendered more stimulating by the addition of a little ammonia or a little
+spirit, or both of them. The skin of the head should be moistened
+with these on each occasion of dressing the hair, and their diffusion and
+action promoted by the use of a clean hairbrush. Aromatized water, to
+which a very little tincture or vinegar of cantharides (preferably the
+former) has been added, may also be used in the same way, and is in
+high repute for the purpose. When the skin is pale, lax, and wrinkled,
+astringent washes may be used. Strong black tea is a convenient and
+excellent application of this kind. When the skin and hair are dry, and
+the latter also stiff and untractable, a little glycerine is an appropriate
+addition to each of the preceding washes or lotions. The occasional use
+of a little bland oil, strongly scented with oil of rosemary or of origanum,
+or with both of them, or with oil of mace, or very slightly tinctured with
+cantharides, is also generally very serviceable when there is poorness and
+dryness of the hair. When the hair is unnaturally greasy and lax (a
+defect that seldom occurs), the use of the astringent washes just referred
+to, or of a little simple oil slightly scented with the essential oil of bitter
+almonds, will tend to remove or lessen it.</p>
+
+<p>All the articles named above promote the glossiness and waviness of
+the hair, and are also among the simplest, safest, and best applications
+that can be employed when the hair is weak and begins to fall off.</p>
+
+<p>To impart some degree of curliness or waviness to the hair when it
+is naturally straight, and to render it more retentive of the curl imparted
+to it by papers or by other modes of dressing it, various methods are
+often adopted and different cosmetics employed. The first object
+appears to be promoted by keeping the hair for a time in a state intermediate
+between perfect dryness and humidity, from which different parts
+of its structure, being unequally affected in this respect, will acquire
+different degrees of relaxation and rigidity, and thus have a tendency to
+assume a wavy or slightly curly form, provided the hair be left loose
+enough to allow it. For this purpose nothing is better than washing the
+hair with soap and water, to which a few grains of salt of tartar (carbonate
+of potash) have been added; or it may be slightly moistened with any of
+the hair washes mentioned in the last paragraph, in each half-pint of
+which a few grains of the carbonate (say ten or twelve), or a teaspoonful
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>of glycerine, has been dissolved. The moistened hair, after the application
+of the brush, should be finally loosely adjusted as desired with the
+dressing-comb. The effect occurs as the hair dries. When oils are
+preferable to hair washes, those strongly scented with the oil of rosemary,
+to which a few drops of oil of thyme or origanum may be added, appear
+to be the most useful.</p>
+
+<p>To cause the hair to retain the position given to it in dressing it,
+various methods and cosmetics are commonly employed. When the
+arrangement is a natural one and the hair healthy and tractable, the free
+use of the hairbrush will usually be sufficient for the purpose. When
+this is insufficient, the application of a few drops of oil, or, better still,
+moistening the hair with a little simple water, will effect the object satisfactorily.
+In very elaborate and unnatural styles of dressing the hair, and
+to cause it to remain in curl or to retain its position during dancing, or
+violent exercise, bandoline and cosmetique or hard pomatum are the
+articles commonly employed in fashionable life. Mild ale or porter has a
+similar effect, and is often substituted for the preceding expensive cosmetics.
+The frequent use of any of these articles is objectionable, as they clog up
+the pores of the skin and shield both it and the hair from the genial
+action of the atmosphere, which is essential to their healthy vigor. They
+should, hence, be subsequently removed by carefully washing the head
+with a little soap and tepid water. Their use may be tolerated in dressing
+for the ballroom, but on no other occasion. Simple water skillfully
+employed, as noticed elsewhere, is the best and safest mixture, and under
+ordinary circumstances is amply sufficient for the purpose.</p>
+
+<p>The practice of artificially changing the color of the hair, and
+particularly of dyeing it, has descended to us from remote antiquity, and
+though not so common in Western Europe as formerly, is still far from
+infrequent at the present day. This might be inferred from the multitude
+of nostrums for the purpose continually advertised in the newspapers,
+and from the number of persons who announce themselves as practicing
+the art, even though the keen and experienced eye did not frequently
+detect instances of it, as it now does, in the hair and beards of those we
+see around us. The recent rage after light auburn or reddish hair in
+fashionable life has, unfortunately, greatly multiplied these instances. The
+consideration of the subject, however, in its ethical relations does not
+come within the province of the present work, and I shall confine myself
+to pointing out how the color of the hair may be changed in the safest
+and most satisfactory manner.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>To change the color of the hair various methods and preparations
+are employed. The principal of these are intended to darken it, but
+sometimes the contrary is aimed at. Whichever object is desired, it is
+necessary that the article or preparation employed to carry it out be not
+of a caustic or irritant nature, capable of injuriously affecting the delicate
+skin to which it is applied, or that it may be liable to come in contact
+with, as is the case with many of the nostrums vended for the purpose.
+Some of the substances that necessarily enter into the composition of
+hair strains and hair dyes, or that are used in connection with them,
+possess these objectionable properties in a high degree, and can, therefore,
+only be safely employed in a state of proper dilution and combination.
+If any doubt exists respecting such an article, it is a wise precaution
+to regard it with suspicion and to test its qualities before applying
+it for the first time. This may be done by placing some of it on the
+soft skin of the inner side of the wrist or fore-arm, and allowing it to
+remain there as long, and under the same conditions, as it is ordered to
+be left in contact with the hair or skin of the head or face. In this way
+the injury or loss of the hair, sores, and other serious consequences that
+too often follow the use of advertised and ill-prepared hair dyes may be
+generally avoided.</p>
+
+<p>To gradually darken the shade of the hair on these principles, provided
+its normal sulphur be still secreted by the hair-bulbs and be still
+present in its structure, it will, therefore, generally be sufficient to occasionally
+employ a weak solution of any of the milder salts of iron as a hair
+wash. The menstruum may be water, to which a little spirits and a few
+drops of oil of rosemary to increase its stimulating qualities have been
+added. In applying it, the head being first washed clean, care should be
+taken to thoroughly moisten the whole surface of the hair and the skin of
+the head with the wash; and its absorption and action should be promoted
+by the free use of a clean hairbrush. Wine is the favorite solvent for
+the iron; ale and beer are also sometimes so employed. Most of the
+fashionable ferruginous hair washes also contain a few grains of acetate of
+copper or distilled verdigris, the objections to which have been already
+pointed out.</p>
+
+<p>The daily use of oil or pomatum, with which a few grains of carbonate
+of lead, lead plaster, or trisnitrate of bismuth, have been blended
+by heat and careful trituration, has generally a like effect on the hair to
+ferruginous solutions; so also has a leaden comb, but its action is very
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span>uncertain. None of these last are, however, safe for long-continued use.
+Atrophy of the scalp, baldness, and even local paralysis, have sometimes,
+though rarely, been caused by them.</p>
+
+<p>When the normal sulphur of the hair is absent, or deficient, the preceding
+substances fail to darken the hair. In this case the desired effect
+may often be produced by also moistening the head, say twice a week,
+with water, to which a little sulphuret of potassium or hydrosulphuret of
+ammonia has been added.</p>
+
+<p>When it is desired to dye or darken the hair more rapidly, as in a
+few hours, or even a few minutes, plumbite of lime, plumbite of potassa,
+or nitrate or ammonia&mdash;nitrate of silver&mdash;is usually employed. The first
+is commonly produced by the admixture of quicklime with oxide of lead
+(litharge), carbonate of lead, or acetate of lead. These ingredients
+should be in appropriate proportions, but very generally the reverse is
+the case in those of the shops.</p>
+
+<p>It may be laid down as a rule that when the lime is in greater proportion
+than about two to one of the oxide, and to the corresponding
+equivalents of the other substances mentioned, or when the lime has not
+been prepared in a proper manner, the compound is not safe, and very
+likely to prove injurious to the skin and hair-bulbs, and perhaps to act
+as a depilatory. The effects of these lead dyes arise partly in the way
+previously described and partly by direct chemical action between the
+sulphur of the hair and the lead which they contain, sulphuret of lead
+being formed in the surfacial portion of the hair. It is on the last that
+their more immediate effect depends. If there be no sulphur in the hair,
+they will not darken it. After the necessary period of contact, they
+should be gently but thoroughly removed from the hair and skin by
+rubbing them off with the fingers, and by the use of the hairbrush, the
+head being then washed clean with tepid water. Should the tint imparted
+by them not be deep enough, or be too fiery, it may be darkened and
+turned on the brown or black by moistening the hair the next day with a
+very weak solution of sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of
+ammonia.</p>
+
+<p>None of the compounds of lead stain the skin, an advantage which
+has led to a preference being given to them by many persons who are
+clumsy manipulators, and to the more extensive use of them than of other
+hair dyes.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>The salts of silver above referred to are more rapid in their action
+as hair dyes than those containing lead. It is only necessary to wash
+the hair quite clean and free from grease, then to moisten it with a weak
+solution of one of them, and, lastly, to expose it to the light, to effect the
+object in view. Sunlight will fully darken it in a few minutes, but in
+diffused daylight it will take two or three hours, or longer, to acquire the
+deepest shade. To avoid this delay and inconvenience, the common
+practice is, a few minutes after applying the silver solution, to moisten or
+wet the hair with a solution of sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret
+of ammonia. The effect is immediate, and the full depth of shade
+which a silver solution of the strength employed is capable of imparting
+is at once produced. A few minutes later and the hair and skin may be
+rinsed with tepid water, gently wiped dry, and the hair finally adjusted
+with the comb. The effect of its application, its rapid action, and the
+satisfactory nature of the effect produced, all tend to render a solution of
+nitrate of silver the favorite hair dye of those who have sufficient skill and
+steadiness of hand to use it properly.</p>
+
+<p>It will be useful here to inform the inexperienced reader that all
+solutions and compounds which contain nitrate of silver stain the skin as
+well as the hair, if they be allowed to touch it. These stains may be
+removed, when quite recent, by rubbing them with a piece of rag or
+sponge wetted with a weak solution of potassium, of hydrosulphuret of
+ammonia, or of iodide of potassium; but as this is attended with some
+trouble and inconvenience, the best way is to avoid the necessity of
+having recourse to it. The hairdressers commonly adopt the plan of
+smearing hard pomatum or cosmetique over the skin immediately surrounding
+the hair to be operated upon, in order to protect it from the
+dye. By very skillful manipulation, and the observance of due precautions,
+the hair may be thoroughly moistened with the silver solution
+without touching the adjacent skin; but this can only be done when the
+hair of the head is under treatment by a second party.</p>
+
+<p>In reference to the tone and shades of color given by the substances
+commonly employed to dye the hair, it may be useful to state that the
+shades given by preparations of <i>iron</i> and <i>bismuth</i> range from dark brown
+to black; those given by the salts of silver, from a fine natural chestnut to
+deep brown and black, all of which are rich and unexceptional. The
+shades given by lead vary from reddish-brown and auburn to black; and
+when pale or when the dye has been badly applied or compounded, are
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>generally of a sandy, reddish hue, often far from agreeable. However,
+this tendency of the lead dyes has recently led to their extensive use to
+impart that peculiar tint to the light hair of ladies and children which is
+now so fashionable. Other substances, hereafter referred to, are, however,
+preferable, as imparting a more pleasing hue.</p>
+
+<p>The reddish tint produced by lead, as already hinted, may be generally
+darkened into a brown, more or less rich, by subsequently moistening
+the hair with a weak solution of either sulphuret of potassium or hydrosulphuret
+of ammonia.</p>
+
+<p>The favorite compounds for external use in baldness, and, perhaps,
+the most convenient and best, are such as owe their stimulating quality
+to cantharides or Spanish flies, or to their active principle, cantharidine.
+This application of these drugs has received the sanction of the highest
+medical authorities, both in Europe and America. The leading professional
+hair-restorers now rely almost exclusively on cantharides, and all
+the more celebrated advertised nostrums for restoring the hair contain it
+as their active ingredient.</p>
+
+<p>Oils and pomades, very strongly impregnated with the essential oil of
+garden thyme (origanum) and rosemary, and lotions or liniments containing
+ammonia with a like addition of these essential oils, probably come
+next in the frequency of their use as popular restoratives of the hair in
+actual and incipient baldness.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Have Elegant Hair.</b>&mdash;Every girl should have thick, magnificent
+hair. It is essential to clip the ends of the hair once a month after a child
+is four years of age. Ammonia and warm water is an excellent wash for
+the hair and scalp, and gives life and vigor to it when all other articles fail.</p>
+
+<p><b>Wild Rose Curling Fluid.</b>&mdash;Take two drams (avoirdupois) dry
+salt of tartar; (carbonate of potassa) powdered cochineal, half dram;
+liquor of ammonia and spirit de rose, each one fluid dram; glycerine,
+one-fourth ounce; rectified spirit, one and one-half imperial fluid ounces;
+distilled water, eighteen ounces; digest with agitation for a week, and then
+decant or filter. The hair to be moistened with it, and then loosely
+adjusted. The effect occurs as it dries.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cause the Hair to Grow very Thick.</b>&mdash;One of the most
+powerful stimulants for the growth of the hair is the following: Take a
+quarter of an ounce of the chippings of alkanet root, tie in a scrap of
+coarse muslin, and suspend it in a jar containing eight ounces of sweet oil
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>for a week, covering it from the dust. Add to this sixty drops tincture
+of cantharides, ten drops oil of rose, sixty drops of neroli, and sixty drops
+oil of lemon. Let this stand twenty days, closely corked, and you will
+have one of the greatest hair-invigorators and hair-growers that this world
+has ever produced.</p>
+
+<p><b>Lola Montez Hair Coloring.</b>&mdash;This celebrated woman published
+the following, and claimed that it was as harmless as any preparation that
+would really color the hair: Ten grains of gallic acid, one ounce of acetic
+acid, one ounce of tincture of sesgurichloride of iron. Dissolve the
+gallic acid, sesgurichloride, and add the acetic acid. Wash the hair
+with soap and water; when dried, apply the dye by dipping a fine comb
+in it and drawing through the hair so as to color the roots thoroughly.
+Let it dry, then oil and brush well.</p>
+
+<p><b>Hair Restorative.</b>&mdash;Four drams oxide bismuth, four drams
+spermaceti, four ounces pure hog's lard. The lard and spermaceti should
+be melted together. When nearly cool, stir in the bismuth and perfume.
+Prevents the hair from turning gray, and restores gray hair.</p>
+
+<p><b>For Bald Heads.</b>&mdash;A most valuable remedy for promoting the
+growth of the hair is an application, once or twice a day, of wild indigo
+and alcohol. Take four ounces of wild indigo and steep it about a week
+or ten days in a pint of alcohol and a pint of hot water, when it will be
+ready for use. The head must be thoroughly washed with the liquid,
+morning and evening, application being made with a sponge or soft brush.</p>
+
+<p>Another excellent preparation is composed of three ounces of castor
+oil, with just enough alcohol to cut the oil, to which add twenty drops
+tincture of cantharides, and perfume to suit. This not only softens and
+imparts a gloss to the hair, but also invigorates and strengthens the roots
+of the hair.</p>
+
+<p><b>Excellent Hair Wash.</b>&mdash;Take one ounce of borax, half an ounce
+of camphor; powder these ingredients very fine and dissolve them in one
+quart boiling water. When cool the solution will be ready for use.
+Dampen the hair frequently. This wash effectually cleanses, beautifies, and
+strengthens the hair, preserves the color, and prevents early baldness.
+The camphor will form into lumps after being dissolved, but the water
+will be sufficiently impregnated.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Cure Baldness.</b>&mdash;Cologne water, two ounces; tincture of
+cantharides, two drams; oil of lavender or rosemary, of each ten drops.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>These applications must be used twice a day for three or four weeks, but
+if the scalp becomes sore they may be discontinued for a time or used at
+longer intervals.</p>
+
+<p>When the hair falls off, from diminished action of the scalp, preparations
+of cantharides are excellent. The following will cause the hair to
+grow faster than any other preparation: Beef marrow (soaked in several
+waters, melted and strained), half a pound; tincture cantharides (made
+by soaking for a week one dram of powdered cantharides in one ounce of
+proof spirit), one ounce; oil of bergamot, twelve drops.</p>
+
+<p><b>Stimulants for the Hair.</b>&mdash;Vinegar and water form a good wash
+for the roots of the hair. A solution of ammonia is often used with good
+effect for the same purpose. For removing scurf, glycerine diluted with
+a little rose-water will be found of service. Any preparation of rosemary
+forms an agreeable and highly cleansing wash. The yolk of an egg
+beaten up in warm water is a most nutritious application to the scalp. A
+very good application is made in this way: Take an ounce of powdered
+borax and a small piece of camphor and dissolve in a quart of boiling
+water. The hair must afterwards be washed in warm water. Many
+heads of hair require nothing more in the way of wash than soap and
+water. The following recipe will strengthen the hair and prevent its
+falling out: Vinegar of cantharides, half an ounce; eau de cologne, one
+ounce; rose-water, one ounce. The scalp should be brushed briskly
+until it becomes red, and the lotion should then be applied to the roots of
+the hair twice a day.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Golden Hair Secret.</b>&mdash;The rage for light, gold color, or
+even red hair, which has prevailed for some time, has led to various
+expedients for procuring it. Many ladies have sacrificed fine heads of
+hair, and in place of their own dark tresses have adopted light wigs; but
+the prevailing absurdity has been the use of strong alkalies for the purpose
+of turning dark hair light. This is the purpose of the ausicomus fluid,
+which may be procured of any hairdresser; but we warn our fair readers
+that the use of these products is apt to be disappointing. They certainly
+will turn black to a brick-dust hue, but the color is often disagreeable.
+It is apt to present itself in patches in different hues, and the effect on
+the hair is terrible&mdash;it often rots and crumbles away. In place of this
+absurd practice, we recommend the following as available for trying the
+effect for dress purpose: Procure a packet of gold powder of the hairdresser.
+Have ready a very weak solution of gum and water, and one of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>the small perfume vaporizers now in use. When the hair has been
+dressed, sprinkle it with gum and water by means of the vaporizer and
+then shower on the gold powder. It may be put on thick enough to
+hide the color of the hair, and owing to the gum it cannot be danced off.
+The effect by artificial light is beautiful.</p>
+
+<p><b>For Keeping the Hair Crimped or Curled in Summer.</b>&mdash;A
+quarter of an ounce of gum tragacanth, one pint rose-water, and five
+drops of glycerine; mix and let stand over night. If the tragacanth is
+not dissolved, let it remain half a day longer; if it is thick add more
+rose-water and let it remain for some hours. If then it is a smooth
+solution, nearly as thin as glycerine, it is fit for use. Dampen the hair
+before crimping or curling.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Bleach the Hair.</b>&mdash;It has been found in the bleaching of hair
+that gaseous chlorine is the most effectual. The hair should be cleaned
+for that purpose by a warm solution of soda and washed afterwards with
+water. While moist it is put into a jar with chlorine gas introduced
+until the air in the jar looks greenish. Allow it to remain on for
+twenty-four hours, and then, if necessary, repeat the operation.</p>
+
+<p><b>A New French Remedy for Baldness.</b>&mdash;Croton oil, one of the
+best French remedies for baldness, is employed by simply adding to it
+oil or pomade, and stirring or agitating the two together until admixture
+or solution is complete. The formula adopted by the eminent French
+physician who introduced this remedy, and who speaks in the most
+confident and enthusiastic way of the success attending its use, is:
+Take croton oil, twelve drops (minims); oil of almonds, four troy grains.
+Mix. A little is to be well rubbed on the scalp twice a day. Soft down,
+we are assured, appears in three weeks.</p>
+
+<p><b>For Improving the Hair.</b>&mdash;<i>Palma Christi oil for thickening the
+hair</i>: Take one ounce of Palma Christi oil, add oil of lavender or
+bergamot to scent it. Let it be well brushed into the hair for two or
+three months, particularly applying it to those parts where it may be most
+desirable to render the hair luxuriant. This is a simple and valuable oil,
+and not in the hands of any monopolist.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Dye the Hair Flaxen.</b>&mdash;We have heard the following is
+effective: Take a quart of lye prepared from the ashes of vine twigs,
+briony, celandine roots, and tumeric, of each half an ounce; saffron and
+lily roots, of each two drams; flowers of mullein, yellow stechas, broom,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>and St. John's wort, of each a dram. Boil these together and strain off
+the liquor clear. Frequently wash the hair with the fluid, and it will
+change it, we are told, in a short time to a beautiful flaxen color.</p>
+
+<p><b>A Powder for Preserving the Hair.</b>&mdash;The following powder
+has the name of facilitating the regeneration of the hair and strengthening
+its roots. Still more valuable properties have been ascribed to it,
+such as that of rousing the imagination to vigorous efforts and strengthening
+the memory&mdash;delightful properties if they could be realized by such
+simple means. Take an ounce and a half of red roses; a small quantity
+each of calamus aromaticus (sweet-scented flag), and of the long
+cyperus; an ounce of benzoin; six drams of aloes (the wood of); half
+an ounce of red coral, and the same quantity of amber; four ounces of
+bean flour; and eight ounces of the root of Florentine iris. Let the
+whole be mixed together and reduced to a very fine powder, to which
+add a few grains of musk. This powder is to be sprinkled on the hair in
+the same manner as hair powder is generally used, and, having remained
+for a time embedded with the hair, to be removed by means of comb and
+brush; and to be occasionally applied and removed. It is said to
+regenerate the hair and strengthen the roots, and to possess the properties
+which are above enumerated.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Make the Hair Grow and to Prevent It from Falling.</b>&mdash;The
+following recipes are selected from a work published some years
+ago in Paris, entitled &#8220;Manuel Cosmetique des Plantes&#8221;:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Take the roots of young vines, the roots of hemp, and young
+cabbages, of each two handfuls. Dry, and then burn them. Make afterwards
+a lye with the ashes. Before the head is washed with this lye it
+must be rubbed with honey, and continue both for three successive days.
+This will not only make the hair grow, but restore it upon bald places,
+under certain habits and constitutions of body. Pulverize some parsley
+seed, and use it as hair powder for three nights at the commencement of
+the year, and it will prevent your hair from falling.</p>
+
+<p><b>To Make the Hair Grow Quick.</b>&mdash;Dip, every morning, the teeth
+of your comb in the juice of nettles, and comb the hair against the grain.</p>
+
+<p><b>Mixture for Shampoo.</b>&mdash;Bay rum, one pint; tincture of cantharides,
+one dram; carbonate of ammonia, one half dram; salts tartar,
+one half dram. Mix.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span><b>To Prevent the Hair Falling Out.</b>&mdash;Boxwood shavings, six
+ounces; proof spirit, twelve ounces; spirits of rosemary, two ounces;
+spirits of nutmeg, one half ounce. Mix.</p>
+
+<p><b>Wash for Scald Heads.</b>&mdash;Take one half ounce of sulphate of
+potassa, one pint of lime water, one ounce of soap liniment. Mix, and
+apply to the head two or three times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>POWDERS AND THEIR USES.</h5>
+
+<p>The powders usually sold by druggists are injurious to the complexion,
+owing to harmful ingredients. If a powder is perfectly pure, a
+moderate use of it will not harm the complexion, but if it is impure it
+soon causes the face to turn sallow and yellow. The following is perfectly
+pure, and is a splendid article, giving a lovely, refined complexion:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><b>Boston Burnet Powder for the Face.</b>&mdash;Five cents' worth of
+bay rum, five cents' worth of magnesia snowflake, five cents' worth of
+bergamot, five cents' worth oil of lemon; mix in a pint bottle and fill up
+with rain water. Perfectly harmless, and splendid.</p>
+
+<p><b>Queen Bess Complexion Wash.</b>&mdash;Put in a vial one dram of
+benzoin gum in powder, one dram nutmeg oil, six drops of orange-blossom
+tea or apple blossoms; put in half a pint of rain water, and boiled
+down to a spoonful, and strained; one-pint of sherry wine. Bathe the
+face morning and night; it will remove all flesh-worms and freckles, and
+give a beautiful complexion. Or, put one ounce of powdered gum benzoin
+in a pint of whisky. To use: Put in water in washbowl till it is milky.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FLESH-WORMS&mdash;TO CURE.</h5>
+
+<p>Black specks on the nose disfigure the face. Remove by washing
+thoroughly in tepid water, rubbing with a towel, and applying with a soft
+flannel a lotion made of three ounces of cologne and half an ounce of
+liquor of potash.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO WHITEN THE SKIN AND REMOVE FRECKLES
+AND TAN.</h5>
+
+<p>Bathe three times a day in a preparation of three quarts water, one
+quart alcohol, two ounces of cologne and one of borax, in proportion of
+two teaspoons mixture to two tablespoons soft water.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>TREATING OF MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.</h3>
+
+
+<p><b>The Human Temperaments.</b>&mdash;By these are meant certain types,
+forms or conformations of the human body, each known and distinguished
+from the other by certain characteristics, which enable those who
+are familiar with these peculiarities to readily distinguish one temperament
+from the others. The existence of the temperaments is believed to
+depend upon the development of certain parts or systems in the body,
+and each is accompanied by different degrees of activity of the brain,
+and corresponding difference in the talents and manifestations of the
+individual. They are four in number, viz.: Nervous, Sanguine, Bilious,
+and Lymphatic. When the brain and nerves are predominant, it is
+termed the <i>nervous</i> temperament; if the lungs and blood vessels constitutionally
+predominate, the <i>sanguine</i>; if the muscular and fibrous systems
+are in the ascendency, the <i>bilious</i>; and when the glands and assimilating
+organs are in the ascendency, it is termed the <i>lymphatic</i> or <i>phlegmatic</i>.</p>
+
+<p>First: The nervous is indicated by fine, thin hair, small muscles,
+thin skin, pale countenance, brilliant eyes, with great quickness and
+sensitiveness to impressions, and is really the mental or intellectual
+temperament.</p>
+
+<p>Second: The sanguine is known by a stout, well-defined form, a full
+face, florid complexion, moderate plumpness, firm flesh, chestnut or sandy
+hair, and blue eyes. This is the tough, hardy, working temperament,
+excessively fond of exercise and activity, and a great aversion to muscular
+quiescence and inactivity, and consequently averse to books and close
+literary pursuits.</p>
+
+<p>Third: The bilious is indicated by a thin, spare face, dark skin,
+black hair, firm flesh, moderate stoutness, with rough, harsh, and strongly
+marked features. This temperament gives great will, elasticity, and
+powers of endurance, and, when combined with the nervous, is the great,
+efficient, moving temperament in the great events of the world.</p>
+
+<p>Fourth: The lymphatic is indicated by paleness, roundness of the
+form, softness of muscle, fair hair, sleepy, half-closed eyes, and a dull,
+sluggish, inexpressive face. In this temperament the brain and all other
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>parts of the body appear to be slow, dull, and languid, and the whole
+body little else than one great manufactory of fat. These temperaments,
+however, are rarely found pure, but mixed or blended in an almost endless
+variety of ways, producing the ever-varying peculiarities of human
+character and intellect.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE FORTUNATE AND UNFORTUNATE DAYS OF EACH MONTH.</h5>
+
+
+
+<ul class="list2">
+<li style="padding-left: 10em; font-size: 80%"><b>FORTUNATE.</b></li>
+<li>In January, six days&mdash;the 1st, 2nd, 15th, 26th, 27th, and 28th.</li>
+<li>In February, four days&mdash;the 11th, 21st, 25th, and 26th.</li>
+<li>In March, two days&mdash;the 10th and 24th.</li>
+<li>In April, five days&mdash;the 6th, 15th, 16th, 20th, and 28th.</li>
+<li>In May, three days&mdash;the 3rd, 18th, and 31st.</li>
+<li>In June, five days&mdash;the 10th, 11th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th.</li>
+<li>In July, three days&mdash;the 9th, 15th, and 28th.</li>
+<li>In August, six days&mdash;the 6th, 7th, 10th, 11th, 19th, and 25th.</li>
+<li>In September, five days&mdash;the 4th, 8th, 17th, 18th, and 23rd.</li>
+<li>In October, five days&mdash;the 3rd, 7th, 16th, 21st, and 22nd.</li>
+<li>In November, three days&mdash;the 5th, 14th, and 20th.</li>
+<li>In December, six days&mdash;the 15th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, and 25th.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul class="list2">
+<li style="padding-left: 10em; font-size: 80%"><b>UNFORTUNATE.</b></li>
+<li>In January, seven days&mdash;the 3rd, 4th, 6th, 13th, 14th, 20th, and 21st.</li>
+<li>In February, seven days&mdash;the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 17th, and 23rd.</li>
+<li>In March, eight days&mdash;the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 28th, and 29th.</li>
+<li>In April, two days&mdash;the 24th and 25th.</li>
+<li>In May, five days&mdash;the 17th, 20th, 27th, 29th, and 30th.</li>
+<li>In June, eight days&mdash;the 1st, 5th, 6th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 24th.</li>
+<li>In July, four days&mdash;the 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 18th.</li>
+<li>In August, two days&mdash;the 15th and 16th.</li>
+<li>In September, two days&mdash;the 9th and 16th.</li>
+<li>In October, six days&mdash;the 4th, 9th, 11th, 17th, 27th, and 31st</li>
+<li>In November, four days&mdash;the 3rd, 9th, 10th, and 21st.</li>
+<li>In December, two days&mdash;the 14th and 21st.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h5><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>DAYS OF THE WEEK&mdash;THEIR IMPORTANCE AT THE
+NATAL HOUR.</h5>
+
+<p>A child born on Sunday shall be of long life and obtain riches.</p>
+
+<p>A child born on Monday will be weak and effeminate.</p>
+
+<p>Tuesday is more unfortunate still, though a child born on this day
+may, by extraordinary vigilance, conquer the inordinate desires to which
+he will be subject; still, in his violent attempts to gratify them, he will
+be in danger of a violent death.</p>
+
+<p>The child born on Wednesday will be given to a studious life, and
+shall reap great profit therefrom.</p>
+
+<p>A child born on Thursday shall attain great honor and dignity.</p>
+
+<p>He who calls Friday his natal day shall be of a strong constitution,
+and perhaps addicted to the pleasures of love.</p>
+
+<p>Saturday is another ill-omened day; most children born on this day
+will be of heavy, dull, and dogged disposition.</p>
+
+
+<h5>IMPORTANT ADVICE TO FEMALES.</h5>
+
+<p>It has often been observed, and experience has shown the observation
+to be a true one, that some event of importance is sure to happen to
+a woman in her thirty-first year, whether it prove for her good or it be
+some evil or temptation; therefore we advise her to be circumspect in
+all her actions. If she is a maiden or widow, it is probable she will marry
+this year. If a wife, that she will lose her children or husband. She will
+either receive riches or travel into a foreign land; at all events, some
+circumstance or other will take place during this remarkable year of her
+life that will have great effect on her future fortunes and existence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE MAGIC RING.</h5>
+
+<p><b>To know whom you will marry, and what kind of a fate
+you will have with them.</b>&mdash;Borrow a wedding ring, concealing the
+purpose for which you borrow it; but no widow's or pretended marriage
+ring will do&mdash;it spoils the charm; wear it for three hours at least before
+you retire to rest, and then suspend it, by a hair off your head, over your
+pillow; write within a circle resembling a ring, the sentence from the
+matrimonial service beginning with, &#8220;<i>with this ring I thee wed</i>,&#8221; and round
+the circle write your own name at full length, and the figures that stand
+for your age; place it under your pillow, and your dream will fully explain
+whom you are to marry, and what kind of a fate you will have with them.
+If your dream is too confused to remember it, or you do not dream at all,
+it is a certain sign that you will never be married.</p>
+
+
+<h5><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF A GOOD GENIUS.</h5>
+
+<p>A straight, erect body, neither over tall nor short, between fat and
+thin. The flesh naturally soft. The skin neither soft nor rough, but a
+medium between. The complexion white, verging to a blush of redness.
+The hair between hard and soft, usually of a brown color. The head and
+face of a moderate size. The forehead rather high. The eyes manly,
+big, and clear, of a blue or hazel color. The aspect mild and humane.
+The teeth so mixed that some are broad and some narrow. A subtle
+tongue, and the voice between intense and remiss. The neck comely and
+smooth. The channel-bone of the throat appearing and moving. The
+back and ribs not over fleshy. The shoulders plain and slender. The
+hands indifferently long and smooth. The fingers long, smooth, and
+equally distant. The nails white, mixed with red, and shining. The
+carriage of the body erect in walking.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, OR PSYCHOLOGICAL
+FASCINATION.</h5>
+
+<p>The most easy, sure and direct mode to produce electro-psychological
+communication is to take the individual by the hand, in the same manner
+as though you were going to shake hands. Press your thumb with moderate
+force upon the <i>ulnar nerve</i>, which spreads its branches to the ring and
+little finger. The pressure should be nearly one inch above the knuckle,
+and in range of the ring finger. Lay the ball of the thumb flat and particularly
+crosswise so as to cover the minute branches of this nerve of
+motion and sensation. When you first take your subject by the hand,
+request him to place his eyes upon yours, and to keep them fixed, so that
+he may see every emotion of your mind expressed in the countenance.
+Continue this pressure for half a minute or more, then request him to close
+his eyes, and with your fingers gently brush downward several times over
+the eyelids, as though fastening them firmly together. Throughout the
+whole process feel within yourself a fixed determination to close them, so
+as to express that determination fully in your countenance and manner.
+Having done this, place your hand on the top of his head and press your
+thumb firmly on the organ of individuality, bearing partially downward,
+and with the other thumb still pressing the <i>ulnar nerve</i>, tell him, <i>You
+cannot open your eyes!</i> Remember that your manner, your expression
+of countenance, your motions, and your language must all be of the same
+positive character. If he succeed in opening his eyes, try it once or twice
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>more, because impressions, whether physical or mental, continue to deepen
+by repetition. In case, however, that you cannot close his eyes, nor see
+any effect produced upon them, you should cease making any further
+efforts, because you have now fairly tested that his mind and body both
+stand in a positive relation as regards the doctrine of impressions. If
+you succeed in closing the subject's eyes by the above mode, you may
+then request him to put his hands on his head, or in any other position
+you choose, and tell him, <i>You cannot stir them!</i> In case you succeed,
+request him to be seated, and tell him, <i>You cannot rise!</i> If you are successful
+in this, request him to put his hands in motion, and tell him, <i>You
+cannot stop them!</i> If you succeed, request him to walk on the floor, and
+tell him, <i>You cannot cease walking!</i> As so you may continue to perform
+experiments, involving muscular motion and paralysis of any kind that
+may recur to your mind, till you can completely control him in arresting
+or moving all the voluntary parts of his system.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MESMERISM.</h5>
+
+<p>If you desire to mesmerize a person, who has never been put in that
+state, nor in the least affected, the plan is to set him in an easy posture
+and request him to be calm and resigned. Take him by both hands, or
+else by one hand and place your other gently on his forehead. But with
+whatever part of his body you choose to come in contact, be sure to always
+touch two points, answering to the <i>positive</i> and <i>negative</i> forces. Having
+taken him by both hands, fix your eyes upon his, and, if possible, let him
+contentedly and steadily look you in the face. Remain in this position
+until his eyes close. Then place both your hands on his head, gently
+pass them to his shoulders, down the arms, and off at the ends of his
+fingers. Throw your hands outward as you return them to his head, and
+continue these passes till he can hear no voice but yours. He is then
+entirely in the mesmeric state. When a person is in the mesmeric state,
+whether put there by yourself or someone else, you can awake him by the
+upward passes, or else do it by an impression, as follows: Tell him,
+&#8220;I will count <i>three</i>, and at the same instant I say <i>three</i> I will slap my
+hands together, and you will be wide awake and in your perfect senses.
+Are you ready?&#8221; If he answers in the affirmative, you will proceed to
+count &#8220;One, two, three!&#8221; The word three should be spoken suddenly,
+and in a very loud voice, and at the same instant the palms of the hands
+should be smitten together. This will instantly awake him.</p>
+
+
+<h5><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>HOW TO MAKE PERSONS AT A DISTANCE
+THINK OF YOU.</h5>
+
+<p>Let it be particularly remembered that &#8220;faith&#8221; and concentration of
+thought are positively needful to accomplish aught in drawing others to you,
+or making them think of you. If you have not the capacity or understanding
+to operate an electric telegraph battery, it is no proof that an
+expert and competent person should fail in doing so. Just so in this
+case; if faith, meditation, or concentration of thought fail you, then will
+you also fail to operate on others. First, you must have a yearning for
+the person you wish to make think of you; and, secondly, you must learn
+to guess at what time of day or night, he may be unemployed&mdash;passive&mdash;so
+that he may be in a proper state to receive the thought which you
+dispatch to him. If he should be occupied in any way, so that his
+nervous forces were needed to complete his task, his &#8220;human battery,&#8221; or
+thought, would not be in a recipient or passive condition, therefore your
+experiment would fail at that moment. Or, if he were under heavy
+narcotics, liquors, tobacco, or gluttonous influences, he could not be
+reached at such moments. Or, if he were asleep, and you operated to
+effect a wakeful mind or thought, you would fail again at the moment.
+To make a person at a distance think of you (whether you are acquainted
+with him or not, matters not), I again repeat, find out or guess at what
+moment he is likely to be passive&mdash;by this I mean easy and careless;
+then, with the most fervent prayer or yearning of your entire heart, mind,
+soul, and strength, desire he may think of you. And if you wish him to
+think on any particular topic in relation to you, it is necessary for you to
+press your hands, when operating on him, on such mental faculties of
+your head as you wish him to exercise towards you. This demands a
+meager knowledge of Phrenology. His &#8220;feeling nature,&#8221; or &#8220;propensities,&#8221;
+you cannot reach through these operations, but when he thinks of
+you (if he does not know you, he imagines such a being as you are) he
+can easily afterwards be controlled by you, and he will feel disposed to
+go in the direction where you are, if circumstances permit and he is his
+own master, for, remember, circumstances alter cases. I said you cannot
+reach his &#8220;feeling,&#8221; but only his &#8220;thinking,&#8221; nature, truly, but after he
+thinks of you once his &#8220;feeling nature,&#8221; or propensities, may become
+aroused through his own organization. In conclusion on this topic, let
+me say that if you wish the person simply to think of you, one operation
+may answer; but, on the contrary, if you wish him to meet you, or go
+where you are, all you have to do is to persevere, in a lawful and Christian
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>manner, to operate, and I assure you, in the course of all natural things&mdash;that
+is, if no accident or very unfavorable circumstances occur&mdash;he will
+make his way towards you, and when he comes within sight, or reaching
+distance of you, it will be easy to manage him.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO CHARM THOSE WHOM YOU MEET AND
+LOVE.</h5>
+
+<p>When you desire to make any one &#8220;love&#8221; you with whom you meet,
+although not personally acquainted with him, you can very readily reach him
+and make his acquaintance, if you observe the foregoing instructions in addition
+to the following directions: Suppose you see him coming towards
+you, in an unoccupied mood, or recklessly or passively walking past
+you, all that remains for you at that moment is to concentrate your
+thought, and send it into him as before explained, and, to your astonishment,
+if he was passive, he will look at you, and now is your time to
+send a thrill to his heart, by looking him carelessly, though determinately,
+in the eyes, and praying him, with all your heart, mind, soul, and strength,
+that he may read your thought and receive your true love, which God
+designs we should bear one another. This accomplished, and you need
+not, and must not, wait for a cold-hearted, fashionable, and popular
+Christian introduction; neither should you hastily run into his arms, but
+continue operating in this psychological manner, not losing any convenient
+opportunity to meet him at an appropriate place, when an unembarrassed
+exchange of words will open the door to the one so magnetized.
+At this interview, unless prudence sanction it, do not shake hands, but
+let your manners and loving eyes speak with Christian charity and ease.
+Wherever or whenever you meet again, at the first opportunity grasp his
+hand in an earnest, sincere, and affectionate manner, observing at the
+same time the following important directions, viz.: As you take his bare
+hand in yours, press your thumb gently, though firmly, between the bones
+of the thumb and the forefinger of his hand, and at the very instant when
+you press thus on the blood vessels (which you can before ascertain to
+pulsate) look him earnestly and lovingly in the eyes, and send all your
+heart's, mind's, and soul's strength into his organization, and he will be
+your friend, and if you find him not to be congenial, you have him in your
+power, and by carefully guarding against evil influences, you can reform
+him to suit your own purified, Christian, and loving taste.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>A SPECIAL CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN.</h3>
+
+
+<h5>MARRIAGE.</h5>
+
+<p>Advice upon this subject is very much needed. I am assured
+that it is a subject not often talked of in families&mdash;at least, as it ought
+to be&mdash;nor is it much alluded to in the pulpit, and the result is
+that young people commonly get their notions about it from those only a
+little older than themselves, and who therefore know but little more than
+they do, or from those who form their opinions from the abuse they see
+of it and so hold degrading and unworthy ideas respecting it. Sometimes
+all that is known about it amounts to this, that it is a delightful thing to
+be married.</p>
+
+<p>It is quite true that it often is, and always ought to be, delightful;
+still, you know it is frequently the reverse. You cannot, then, be too
+cautious in the matter.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing can be more orderly, right, proper, and holy than marriage.
+It is not, however, quite so simple an affair as you may fancy. Every
+good thing (and this is one of the best) requires some effort to obtain it,
+and unless you take the right course you must not expect to succeed.</p>
+
+<p>You may often see a young woman who, from not entertaining
+correct views on the point, is certainly taking a wrong course, her
+endeavors being rather to make what she considers a good match than
+by acquiring kind and orderly habits to qualify herself to become worthy
+of a worthy husband.</p>
+
+<p>That the best things are liable to the greatest abuses is notorious,
+and from the lamentable fact that marriage is often abused we may fairly
+infer its pre-eminent worth. In truth, there is nothing more valuable. It
+is, then, highly injurious to entertain low notions respecting it, and men
+who indulge in loose conversation on the subject are likely at the same
+time to think meanly of women. Beware of them, and if you hear them
+expressing such opinions in your presence, withdraw from them at once as
+unworthy of your company. Never fear but they will respect you the
+more for the rebuke.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>Of course you are looking forward to settling happily, and will do
+your best for that purpose. On this let me remark that all happiness
+(that is, all that is genuine, and therefore worthy of the name) comes from
+connection with the one great source of all good, and He has freely and
+fully provided all the means necessary for our being happy, both here
+and hereafter. He has placed each of us where it is best for us to be,
+and in the circumstances that are best for us at the time, and this applies
+to you and to me now. Howsoever much appearances may be to the
+contrary, He cares as much for each of us as if we were the sole objects
+of His care. It is only by doing our duty in humble dependence on His
+assistance, which He never withholds, that we can be happy. It behooves
+you, then, to consider well what is your duty, in order that you may do it
+and may enjoy the blessings He is so ready to bestow. I hope you may
+have been a loving and dutiful daughter, an affectionate sister, and a
+faithful friend; then you may have good ground of hope for the future.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WHEN A PROSPECT OF MARRIAGE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">occurs you cannot do better than consult your mother, aunt, or other
+discreet relative that has your welfare at heart, from whom you may
+reasonably expect the best and most disinterested advice; and this it
+will be well for you to be guided by. Women of mature years can judge
+far better than you whether a man is likely to make a good husband.
+You should likewise quietly and cautiously make your own observations
+among your married acquaintances, especially where you believe there is
+a comfortable and happy home. You will doubtless find that to a very
+great extent this happy home depends on the wife's management and
+economy. Very often it happens that when two husbands have the same
+income, with the same number of children, there will be comfort in the
+one home and discomfort in the other. Now, there must be a reason for
+this, and you should endeavor to find it out and profit by the lesson. It
+is said &#8220;Cleanliness is next to godliness,&#8221; and truly the value of cleanliness
+cannot be overrated. In point of time, it should go before
+godliness, for where there is not cleanliness there can hardly be godliness;
+and the health of body and mind are greatly dependent on these two.
+Moreover, where can there be complete happiness without health?</p>
+
+<p>One of the most prolific sources of matrimonial difficulties is the lack
+of knowledge on the part of wives of the duties of housekeeping. In these
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>days there are a hundred young ladies who can drum on the piano to one
+who can make a good loaf of bread.</p>
+
+
+<h5>YET A HUNGRY HUSBAND</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">cares more for a good dinner than he does&mdash;as long as his appetite is
+unappeased&mdash;to listen to the music of the spheres. Heavy bread has
+made many heavy hearts, given rise to dyspepsia&mdash;horrid dyspepsia&mdash;and
+its herd of accompanying torments. Girls who desire that their husbands
+should be amiable and kind, should learn how to make good bread.
+When a young man is courting, he can live well at home; or, if he has to
+go a distance to pay his addresses, he usually obtains good meals at an
+hotel or an eating-house; but when he is married and gets to housekeeping,
+his wife assumes the functions of his mother or his landlord, and
+it is fortunate for her if she has been educated so as to know what a good
+table is. Those who are entirely dependent upon hired cooks make a
+very poor show at housekeeping. The stomach performs a very important
+part in the economy of humanity, and wives who are forgetful of this
+fact commit a serious mistake.</p>
+
+<p>You know full well that most young men&mdash;and most young women,
+too&mdash;are desirous of marrying and having a family; but they do not
+sufficiently consider that it is God who gives them this desire, and that for
+the wisest of purposes; not only that this world may be peopled, but also
+that its inhabitants may be prepared for heaven.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing is more certain than that</p>
+
+
+<h5>MARRIAGE AFFORDS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">the fairest opportunities for preparing for a better world. In it we have
+others dearer than ourselves to think about and provide for; and in doing
+so, we have often to practice that very useful virtue, self-denial. Let me
+here impress upon you most deeply, that it is only by making others
+happy that we can become happy ourselves. The angels, we may be
+assured, are happy, because they are always actively good; and for a
+similar reason it is that God himself is infinitely happy. If you try to
+secure you own happiness by any other means than a faithful discharge of
+your duty to God and your neighbor, you will certainly fail.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>I dare say you will find that</p>
+
+
+<h5>YOUNG MEN ARE FOND OF YOUR COMPANY,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and of paying you every polite attention, and you, as a right-minded
+woman, are well pleased to be so treated. It is due to you <i>as a woman</i>.
+Now, each of them is, or ought to be, looking out for a wife, and it is well
+that you should know this. It is, too, more important than you perhaps
+are aware, that you should be carefully making your own observations, so
+that when the time arrives for one of them to ask you to become his wife
+you may not be taken by surprise, but may know how to act on the
+occasion.</p>
+
+<p>Let me caution you here against a failing that is common among
+young women. I mean that of making themselves too cheap. They feel
+flattered by the attentions paid to them, and are not sufficiently aware
+that many young men are fond of indulging in flattery; and such, if they
+find a young woman weak enough to be pleased with it, will perhaps play
+upon her feelings and gain her affections without having any honorable
+intentions towards her.</p>
+
+<p>As a protection against such, I recommend you to have a proper
+respect for yourself, and to consider with what object or purpose you
+receive their attentions. If you respond without an object, you may be
+doing them wrong; if you accept them when they have no right intentions,
+you allow them to wrong you. For this purpose consider well what you
+are&mdash;a human being intended for an eternity of bliss. God has made you
+a woman; and, believe me, as there is no fairer, so there is no nobler
+creature than woman. She is formed to be her husband's helpmate and
+the mother of his children, and the all-important work of training these
+for heaven depends mainly upon her. Great, then, is her responsibility;
+but God has given her the requisite love and power to do her duty with
+satisfaction and delight. He has placed you in this beautiful world that
+by doing your duty as a daughter, sister, wife, mother, and friend, you may
+become fitted to enter His heavenly kingdom.</p>
+
+<p>During your courtship let me entreat you to be very careful and
+circumspect. There is no period of life that can compare with this
+delightful season. It is, or should be, full of sunshine and sparkling with
+the poetry of life; but alas! to many it is the opposite. A want of judgment&mdash;a
+momentary indiscretion&mdash;has not only blotted out this beautiful
+springtime of life, but has marred, darkened, and blighted the whole of
+the after lifetime.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>No maiden can, under any circumstances, place her character in the
+hands of any man before marriage. No matter how sincere the love,
+how ardent the protestations, how earnest or plausible the pleadings, you
+must not, you cannot, surrender your honor. You must preserve your
+prudence and virtue; it is only by possession of these that you can keep</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE LOVE AND RESPECT OF YOUR LOVER.</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">Be firm, be circumspect; a rash word or a false step may extinguish
+forever all your bright hopes and prospective joys. Even should your
+lover redeem his promises and take you to be his wife, this indiscretion, or
+crime, will surely hang over you like a curse, creating discord, trouble,
+and sorrow, the greatest portion of which will fall to your share.</p>
+
+<p>You must know that young men, however amiable, worthy or honorable
+they may be, may, in a moment of intense excitement, commit a sin
+that in their calmer moments they would not be guilty of for worlds.</p>
+
+<p>But under all circumstances you will be looked upon to resist any
+advances, and maintain your purity and virtue. No matter how high the
+tide of passion may run in unguarded moments, and set in against heaven
+and against society, the terrible and painful ebb will surely follow and
+leave you stranded forever on the bleak and barren shore of your earthly
+existence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THERE IS NO STATE OF LIFE MORE HONORABLE,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">useful, and happy than that of a wife and mother. There must and ever
+will be inequalities of station, but happiness is equally attainable in them
+all. To be happy, however, you must be good. Of course, I do not
+mean absolutely good, for &#8220;there is none good but One&#8221;; but I mean
+that you should be relatively good, and should aim at becoming better
+and more innocent as you advance in life. Now, you cannot respect
+yourself unless you know that you are worthy of respect; and if you
+do not respect yourself, you cannot expect that anybody else will; and in
+such case you will not be worthy of the love of any good man, and none
+such will be likely to pay court to you. If, however, you take the right
+means, in which I include prayer for divine guidance, you will have the
+respect and friendship of all your acquaintances, and then in God's own
+time, and, let me add, without your seeking it, the man whom you can
+make happy will present himself and propose to make you his wife, if it
+be God's will that you should become one.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>Here are two very important points for your consideration: First,
+that it should be your constant endeavor to</p>
+
+
+<h5>MAKE YOUR HUSBAND HAPPY;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and, second, that before you consent to marry him, you should ascertain
+that he has those qualifications that will secure your happiness. It most
+nearly concerns yourself that you do your duty to God and your neighbor
+at all times, so that it becomes your habit; and you will find it much
+easier, and safer, too, to do it every day rather than on only particular
+occasions; for this would require a special effort, and for the time, perhaps,
+put you into a state of excitement, which, in all probability, would
+be followed by a depression of spirits. What you should rather aim at
+is a uniformly cheerful state of mind, resulting from a conscious and
+confident dependence on Providence. If your husband knows from
+experience that such is your character, he cannot fail, provided he be
+worthy of you, to be content and happy.</p>
+
+
+<h5>IT IS THE NATURE OF YOUNG WOMEN</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">to be affectionate, and it is pleasant and usual for them to have several
+dear friends, enjoying more or less of their confidence. Among these
+may be included some of their male acquaintance. Now, while they may
+esteem each of these as they would a dear cousin, they should know and
+act upon the knowledge that it is only to <i>one</i> they can give their unlimited
+confidence and individual affection as a wife. It is the height of cruelty
+and wickedness for either a man or a woman to trifle with another's
+affection. Such base conduct has cost many a young woman her health
+and peace, and even her life, and cannot, therefore, be too much depreciated
+and avoided.</p>
+
+<p>Let me, then, advise you to be</p>
+
+
+<h5>VERY CAUTIOUS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">before you allow a young man to pay you such marked attentions as may
+lead to marriage. It is not, you know, to terminate in seven years, like
+an apprenticeship or a commercial partnership, but it is an engagement
+for the life of one of the parties. I want you, then, to profit by the
+experience of others, too many of whom enter into marriage from light
+and low considerations, and not to settle in life till you, and also your
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>friends, see that there is a reasonable prospect of your securing happiness,
+as well as comfort and a respectable position.</p>
+
+<p>When a young woman has property or expects it, or is possessed of
+superior personal attractions, she should be especially prudent in her
+conduct towards the numerous admirers which such qualifications usually
+attract. No woman should allow herself to accept the attentions of any
+man who does not possess those sterling qualities which will command
+her respect, or whose love is directed to her fortune or beauty rather than
+herself. On such a one she can place no reliance, for should illness or
+misfortune overtake her she may find herself deprived of that love which
+she had valued as the great treasure of her life. Possessed of this, she
+feels that earthly riches are but of secondary importance, and that the
+want of them can never make her poor.</p>
+
+<p>Moreover, a worthier man than any of her interested suitors may
+have a sincere respect and affection for her, but be kept in the background
+by the overzealous attention of his rivals. Still, if she has
+sufficient self-command to patiently and calmly investigate their general
+private character, she may find reason to decline their suit, and may
+discover that the more modest and retiring youth is the one that is
+deserving of her love.</p>
+
+<p>While on this subject, let me caution you against the foolish affectation
+which some girls practice in order to attract the attention of young
+men. In their company be natural in your manners, open and friendly
+and ready to converse on general subjects; not appearing to expect that
+every one who pays you the ordinary courtesies of society is going to fall
+in love with you. This mode of behavior, which is more common with
+those who are vain of their beauty than with others, frequently leads to
+such young women being more neglected than their less pretending
+sisters; for prudent young men, who are impressed with the necessity of
+a right decision in the all-important step of marriage, instinctively shrink
+from those who seem unwilling to give them a fair opportunity of judging
+whether their hearts and minds are as attractive as their persons.</p>
+
+<p>You may innocently admire many a young man for the noble
+qualities God has bestowed upon him, without at all entertaining the idea
+either that he would make you happy as his wife, or you him as your
+husband. Thank God we are constituted of such different temperaments
+that all may find suitable partners without clashing with each other's
+tastes, if they will only be content to watch and wait.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>It is the part of a young man to <i>watch</i>, to be actively desirous of
+meeting with a suitable partner. In doing this, his first consideration
+should be to seek for such a one as he can make happy; not to look
+primarily for beauty, fortune, wit, or accomplishments&mdash;things all very
+good in themselves, but by no means constituting the essentials of happiness.
+If he is influenced by pure and simple motives, he will not find, or
+expect to find, more than one that can satisfy his desire, and he will not
+be in much danger of exciting the envy or the rivalry of his companions.</p>
+
+<p>On the other hand, it is becoming in a young woman to</p>
+
+
+<h5>WAIT PATIENTLY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">till, from the assiduous and respectful attentions of a young man, she can
+have no doubt that he is in earnest, when, and not before, she may freely
+give him her company, and with every expectation of a happy result.
+Be assured that no sensible young man is ever attracted by a young
+woman whom he sees on the lookout for a lover; he is more likely to
+think meanly of her, and to avoid her society.</p>
+
+<p>It may, however, happen that a young man makes the offer before
+the young woman knows enough of him for it to be right for her to
+accept it, and before he, on his part, ought to take the step. In such
+case it would be well for her, even supposing she is inclined to like him,
+to tell him that he has taken her by surprise, and that she cannot think
+of entering on so important a subject without consulting her friends, to
+whom she accordingly refers him. It would then become her duty to
+intimate to him that, although his attentions are agreeable to them, he
+must wait a while, till, from further acquaintance, they are enabled to
+judge whether it will conduce to the mutual happiness of their daughter and
+himself for her to accept the offer he has so kindly made.</p>
+
+<p>But it is not only young men who</p>
+
+
+<h5>ARE APT TO BE HASTY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">in these matters. It is, as is well known, not uncommon for parents,
+especially mothers, very soon after a young man has begun to pay attention
+to their daughter, to give him to understand that they wish to know
+his intentions in reference to her. By such proceedings a young man may
+be taken aback, and either hurry into a match, which turns out unhappily, or
+be led to withdraw from a union which might have resulted in the happiness
+of all the parties concerned.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>That your parents should wish you to be married is only natural,
+especially if their own marriage has been a happy one. It will be gratifying
+to them to see a worthy young man paying attention to you, and
+most probably they will let things take their own course. Marriage is
+too important a matter to admit of being hastened.</p>
+
+<p>There are, I am aware, unwise parents, who, from various motives,
+will throw obstacles in the way of young people who are desirous of
+coming together. Some are so selfish as to be unwilling to part with
+their daughter, preferring their own happiness to hers. Others are so
+silly as to think no ordinary man good enough for her, and therefore, if
+they had their own way, would have her to become an old maid.
+Fortunately, such shortsighted people are not infrequently outwitted.</p>
+
+<p>If your parents are, as I hope they are, reasonable in their views and
+expectations, one of the chief concerns of their life will be the promotion
+of your happiness, and it behooves you to pay the utmost deference to
+their opinion; and should they, from circumstances they become aware
+of, deem it advisable that you should either postpone or even break off
+an engagement, they will doubtless give you such weighty reasons as will
+justify you in acting on their advice. Where, however, as sometimes
+happens, they unwisely refuse their consent to their child's marriage at a
+time when she well knows from her own feelings, and also from the
+sanction she receives from the opinion of trustworthy and judicious
+friends, that she would be making a real sacrifice were she to comply
+with their wishes; if, I say, under such circumstances she acts disobediently
+and marries the man she loves, more blame attaches to the
+parents than to herself, and the sooner they forgive her the better.</p>
+
+<p>It is very common for young men, when going into the company of
+young woman, together with their best dress to put on their best
+behavior; in fact, to assume a character which is not their natural one,
+but far superior to it.</p>
+
+<p>Some hold the opinion that</p>
+
+
+<h5>&#8220;ALL IS FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR.&#8221;</h5>
+
+<p>To me it appears there cannot be greater folly and wickedness than
+for young people who are thinking of marrying to attempt to deceive
+each other. What is the good of it? A very short period of married
+life will entirely dispel the illusion. I suppose people of the world may
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>think it fair to overreach one another in their dealings, saying &#8220;everyone
+for himself.&#8221; They have no intention of seeking to promote the other's
+happiness; present gain is all they want. But a married pair, to be
+happy, must</p>
+
+
+<h5>RESPECT AND ESTEEM, AS WELL AS LOVE,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">each other; and this cannot be attained except by the constant endeavor
+to <i>be</i> as well as to <i>appear</i> true and good.</p>
+
+<p>That young men should behave well in the presence of women is
+only natural and right; none but a fool would do otherwise. But you,
+long before thinking of marrying, should take all fair means to learn what
+is the general conduct and habits of your male acquaintance in their
+family circle and with their daily connections. &#8220;Are they good-humored
+and kind&mdash;able to bear the troubles they meet with? Are they industrious,
+frugal, temperate, religious, chaste? Have they had the prudence
+to insure against sickness and death?&#8221; Or, on the other hand, are they
+addicted to drinking, smoking, betting, keeping late hours, frequenting
+casinos, etc.? Your mother and other prudent friends will assist you to
+find this out. Those who do not come up to the proper standard, however
+agreeable they may be as acquaintance, certainly cannot make good
+husbands. In company of such, it behooves you to be well on your guard,
+and accept no attention from them. Should you marry such a one, you
+would be sure to be miserable.</p>
+
+<p>While, however, it is quite right that you should be careful about the
+character of the young man who is paying court to you, it is of far more
+importance to you that you should be careful about your own, and this
+whether you marry or not. Indeed, a chief object in our being placed in
+this world is that we may acquire good habits, and so be fitted to associate
+with the just made perfect in heaven!</p>
+
+<p>Be very guarded in your actions and demeanor. Cultivate purity of
+heart and thought.</p>
+
+<p>No woman is fit to become a wife who is not perfectly modest in
+word, deed, and thought. No young man, who is worth having, would
+ever entertain the thought for a moment of taking the girl for a wife who
+is habitually careless in her conversation and displays a levity in her
+manners. Young men may like your free and hearty girls to laugh and
+talk with, but as to taking one for a wife, let me assure you they would
+not tolerate the idea for a moment.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>You may at times be unavoidably compelled to hear a vulgar word
+spoken or an indelicate allusion made; in every instance maintain a rigid
+insensibility. It is not enough that you should cast down your eyes or
+turn your head, you must act as if you did not hear it; appear as if you
+did not comprehend it. You ought to receive no more impression from
+remarks of this character than a block of wood. Unless you maintain
+this standing, and preserve this high-toned purity of manner, you will be
+greatly depreciated in the opinion of all men whose opinion is worth having,
+and you deprive yourself of much influence and respect which it is
+your privilege to possess and exert.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COURTSHIP, AFTER ALL, IS A MOMENTOUS
+MATTER.</h5>
+
+<p>After taking all the counsel that may be offered, you must at last, in
+a great measure, rely on your own judgment. Within a few short months
+you have to decide, from what you can see of a man, whether you will
+have him in preference to your parents, friends, and all others that you
+know, to be a life companion. What can you do? How shall you
+judge? How arrive at a correct conclusion? My dear young girl, there
+is only One who can assist you. He, in His mercy to your helplessness
+and weakness, has given to every virtuous and pure-minded woman a
+wonderful, mysterious, and subtle instinct; a peculiar faculty that cannot
+be analyzed by reason, a faculty that men do not possess, and one in
+which they do not generally believe. At this all-important period, this
+eventful crisis in your life, this womanly instinct guides and saves you.
+You can feel in a moment the presence or influence of a base, sensual,
+and unworthy nature. An electric-like thrill animates you, and you are
+naturally repulsed from him. When your suitor is a man of incongruous
+temper, ungenial habits, and of a morose and unsympathetic disposition,
+this same precious, divine instinct acts, and the man feels, though he cannot
+tell why, that all his arts and aspirations are in vain. It will seldom
+be necessary for you to tell him verbally of his failure; but should such
+a one blindly insist upon intruding his attentions, do not hesitate to tell
+him kindly but firmly your decision. Should your suitor be one who is
+worthy, who will make you happy, this same blessed instinct will whisper
+in your soul the happy news. From the first interview there is frequently
+thrown around the maiden a peculiar, undefined spell; she will feel differently
+in his presence, and watch him with other eyes than she has for
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>the rest of men, and in due time, when he shall ask her to decide upon
+the question which shall seal the temporal and eternal destiny of two
+human souls, she will gladly respond, giving in loving trustfulness that
+which is the most precious, the most enviable thing on earth: a maiden's
+heart, a woman's love.</p>
+
+<p>Many persons, of both sexes, however amiable and pure their minds
+may be, should conscientiously abstain from marriage. This applies to
+all who have a tendency to consumption, scrofula, insanity, or any other
+of those diseases which are so frequently transmitted to offspring. This
+very important matter is not sufficiently known, and therefore is not
+attended to as it ought to be; hence the great amount of sickness and
+early death among children.</p>
+
+<p>The tendency to inherit qualities is very evident in the case of drunkards,
+whose children are often inclined to practice the vice of their parents.
+The children of the blind, and of the deaf and dumb, are also liable to be
+afflicted as their parents were. These facts go far to show that it is literally
+true that the sins of the fathers are visited upon the children. It is,
+however, gratifying to know&mdash;and there are many well-attested cases to
+prove it&mdash;that whereas the children born to a man while he was addicted
+to drunkenness were similarly addicted to that vice, those born after he
+gave up his vicious indulgence, and by that means improved his bodily
+health, were free from the evil tendency.</p>
+
+<p>One strong reason</p>
+
+
+<h5>WHY NEAR RELATIONS SHOULD NOT INTERMARRY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is that, as the same general tendencies prevail in families, when the parents
+are nearly related they are very likely to have the same evil tendency,
+whatever that may be; and, therefore, there is a great probability that
+their children will also have the same, but more strongly developed, and,
+consequently, the difficulty of their overcoming it will be much increased.</p>
+
+<p>How plainly, then, is it the duty of those about to marry, as well as
+of those who are married, to strive to their utmost, with God's help, to
+overcome disorderly habits of every kind; for, be assured, it is only by
+such means they can hope to be blessed with good and healthy children,
+and thereby contribute to their own happiness, and at the same time to
+the improvement of the race as subjects both of this world and of heaven.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>As it is by no means certain that you will marry, and the time may
+come when it will no longer be convenient to your parents to support you,
+it will be good for you, keeping these contingencies in mind, to qualify
+yourself to earn your own maintenance by some honest industry. You
+will then have a right feeling of independence, and not be tempted to
+marry, as too many young women do, not from the true principle of
+sincere affection, but mainly for a living. They may thus obtain a competence,
+and jog on comfortably, but they have no right to expect that
+genuine happiness which I recommend you to aim at. When, too, you
+see so many left widows, with small families, and, as we say, totally
+unprovided for, you will become sensible of the soundness of the advice
+I am offering you. As the Lord's tender mercies are over all His works,
+it is evident, from what is occurring around us, that trouble and adversity
+are better suited to the state of some people, to prepare them for their
+eternal destination, than any amount of prosperity would be. The poor
+are no less His children than the rich, and he cares equally&mdash;that is,
+infinitely&mdash;for them all. It is certainly wise, then, to be prepared to
+meet adversity, should He suffer it to come upon you.</p>
+
+<p>Again, suppose you should not have any suitable offer of marriage,
+such as you would feel it your duty to accept, you are not on that account
+to be disheartened, and fancy yourself overlooked by Providence.</p>
+
+<p>Single life is evidently the best for some persons; they escape many
+troubles which perhaps they would find it very hard to bear. There are
+many ways in which single people can lead a useful life, and be</p>
+
+
+<h5>AS HAPPY AS THE DAY IS LONG.</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">No one that is actively useful can be unhappy. What do you see
+around you? Many, I admit, who are not so happy as we should like
+them to be; but in most cases, if we could fully investigate the matter, it
+would perhaps be found to have arisen from their thinking too much about
+themselves and not enough for others. But, on the other hand, it not
+infrequently happens, when a woman is left, and sees that the support
+and welfare of herself and children depend on her own exertions, she is
+enabled to so successfully put forth her energies and to employ her talents
+which, till she needed them, she hardly knew she possessed, as to surprise
+both herself and the most sanguine of her friends.</p>
+
+<p>Now, it must be confessed that we are fallen creatures, and therefore
+prone to evil. We are consequently always in danger of going wrong
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>and forming bad habits, but our Heavenly Father watches over us at all
+times and gives us power to &#8220;refuse the evil and choose the good.&#8221; We
+are, I know full well, too much inclined to yield to evil influences; still,
+as we always have divine aid if we implore it, I am not sure that, on the
+whole, it is not as easy to acquire good habits as bad ones. This much
+is certain, that whichever we acquire, they are likely to remain with us
+and are not easily to be got rid of.</p>
+
+<p>Among the subjects deserving attention as affecting our happiness is
+one on which, perhaps, I am not entitled to say much. I refer to dress.
+Now, I hold it to be a duty for people to dress well&mdash;that is, according
+to their position, means, and age; and this not so much for their own
+sakes as for the sake of giving pleasure to others. It is, I admit, difficult
+to determine how much of one's income should be devoted to dress, but
+I think few will deny that at present dress occupies too much time,
+attention, and money. For my own part, I confess I am most affected by
+female dress, and although certainly I like to see women well dressed,
+and would rather see them a little too fine than slovenly, I am often
+pained at witnessing the extravagance and, to me, ridiculous taste
+exhibited. Whenever I see a handsome and expensive dress trailing in
+the dirt, I regard it as culpable waste and in bad taste, and when I see it
+accidentally trodden on I am not sorry. I am inclined to believe that
+many women can hardly find time or opportunity to perform any useful duty;
+they have quite as much as they, poor things, can do to take care of their
+dress. I also believe (and this is the serious point of the matter) that
+many a young man is deterred from soliciting a maiden in marriage by
+knowing that his means would not enable him to let her dress as he is
+accustomed to see her, and this is doubtless one of the many reasons
+why so many of both sexes remain unmarried. I hold, too, that whatever
+forms an obstacle to marriage has a tendency at the same time to
+obstruct the entrance to heaven.</p>
+
+<p>I will now allude to some of the duties which will devolve upon you
+as a wife; and recollect that it is on the faithful discharge of these duties
+that your happiness, here and hereafter, mainly depends. All labor is
+honorable, and you know who it is that says, &#8220;My Father worketh
+hitherto, and I work.&#8221; Being married, you must make your husband feel</p>
+
+
+<h5>&#8220;THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE HOME.&#8221;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">His business will probably take him from home most of the day, and it
+should be your care, as I doubt not it will be your delight, to see to his
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>comfort, both before he starts and when he returns. It may sometimes
+happen in his fighting the battle of life that he has to encounter much
+that is unpleasant, and he may return home depressed. You will then
+have to cheer him, and be assured no one can do it so effectually, so
+pleasantly&mdash;aye, and so easily&mdash;as yourself.</p>
+
+<p>It is not to sweep the house, and make the bed, and darn the socks,
+and cook the meals, chiefly, that a man wants a wife. If this is all that
+he needs, hired help can do it cheaper than a wife. If this is all, when a
+young man calls to see a young lady, send him to the pantry to taste the
+bread and cake she has made. Send him to inspect the needlework and
+bedmaking; or put a broom into her hands and send him to witness its
+use. <i>Such things are important</i>, and the wise young man will quietly
+look after them. But what a true man most wants of a true wife is her
+companionship, sympathy, courage, and love. The way of life has many
+dreary places in it, and a man needs a companion to go with him. A
+man is sometimes overtaken with misfortune; he meets with failure and
+defeat; trials and temptations beset him; and he needs one to stand by
+and sympathize. He has some stern battles to fight with poverty, with
+enemies, and with sin; and he needs a woman that, while he puts his
+arm around her and feels that he has something to fight for, will help him
+fight; that will put her lips to his ear and whisper words of counsel, and
+her hands to his heart and impart new inspirations. All through life&mdash;through
+storm and through sunshine, conflict and victory, and through
+adverse and favoring winds&mdash;man needs a woman's love. The heart
+yearns for it. A sister's or a mother's love will hardly supply the need.
+Yet many seek for nothing further than success in housework. Justly
+enough, half of these get nothing more; the other half, surprised beyond
+measure, have got more than they sought. Their wives surprise them by
+bringing a nobler idea of marriage, and disclosing a treasury of courage,
+sympathy, and love.</p>
+
+<p>And I would here caution you against giving way to little misunderstandings
+in early married life. Sometimes trifling matters, for want of
+some forbearance or concession on one side on the other, perhaps on
+both sides, accumulate into serious results. These differences might be
+avoided by married partners studying each other's peculiarities of character,
+with the aim of mutually correcting, in a kindly spirit, any wrong
+tendency or temper which may sometimes show itself. Should you find
+you have inadvertently given pain to your husband, do not rest until you
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>have ascertained the cause of his disquiet and succeeded in allaying the
+unhappy feeling. The earnest desire to please each other should by no
+means terminate on the wedding day, but be studiously continued through
+married life. Each should always endeavor to think the best of the
+other, and instantly reject every thought that might tend to weaken the
+bond of mutual preference and perfect trust.</p>
+
+<p>If he be wise, he will leave the housekeeping entirely to you; his
+time and attention can be better employed elsewhere. To enable you to
+do this wisely, you should, long before you marry, become familiar with
+the quality and prices of articles of consumption, and where they can best
+be obtained. Every wife should be able to cook well, whether she has to
+do it herself or not. Health and good humor greatly depend upon the
+food being of good quality, well cooked, and nicely served up. She
+should also be able, if needful, to make and mend her own and children's
+clothes.</p>
+
+<p>Too much importance cannot be attached to cleanliness. Men may
+be careless as to their own personal appearance, and may, from the
+nature of their business, be negligent in their dress, but they dislike to
+see any disregard in the dress and appearance of their wives. Nothing
+so depresses a man and makes him dislike and neglect his home as to
+have a wife who is slovenly in her dress and unclean in her habits.
+Beauty of face and form will not compensate for these defects. The charm
+of purity and cleanliness never ends but with life itself. These are
+matters that do not involve any great labor or expense. The use of the
+bath, and the simplest fabrics, shaped by your own supple fingers, will be
+all that is necessary. These attractions will act like a magnet upon your
+husband. Never fear that there will be any influence strong enough to
+take him from your side.</p>
+
+<p>An experience of many years of observation has convinced me that
+where a pure, industrious, and cheerful wife meets her husband with a
+bright smile on the threshold of her dwelling, that man will never leave
+the home for any other place.</p>
+
+<p>As all people are liable to illness, every young woman should aim at
+being an efficient nurse. In case of illness, it is now generally admitted
+that good nursing is of more value than medicine. To a sick husband, a
+little gruel or other trifle prepared and given by his wife's own hands will
+confer much more benefit than if prepared and given by another. Should
+it happen to you to fall ill, you may expect your husband to do his best;
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>but you must not be surprised if he is not your equal in that department.
+Nursing is one of the many useful things which women can do better
+than men. A practical knowledge of nursing will enable you to be useful
+beyond your own family, and will enhance your value as a neighbor.</p>
+
+<p>You have often, I trust, experienced the pleasure of serving others
+from disinterested motives, and found that the pleasure has been deeper
+and purer when you have engaged in doing good to those who could not
+make you any return. This you have found to be the case wherever you
+have had charge of a baby&mdash;one of those little ones of whom the Lord
+says: &#8220;Their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in
+heaven.&#8221; You have perhaps been surprised to find how easy it was to
+perform such a duty, and let me assure you that you may always expect
+to find it easy to perform your duty in that state of life to which it shall
+please God to call you. He never requires anything from any of His
+creatures beyond what He gives them power to do. He is no hard task-master.
+You have only to look to Him and do your best, and then you
+may safely leave the result in His hands.</p>
+
+<p>Of all God's creatures, I know no happier one than a young mother
+with a good husband and a healthy baby. I say a <i>healthy</i> baby, for that
+implies healthy parents, especially a healthy mother. She may justly
+feel proud that God has intrusted a young immortal to her care, and she
+should at all times bear in mind that it is His gift. While it is on all
+hands considered honorable to hold a commission from the President,
+and to fill a high office, contributing to the welfare of many people, a
+mother may feel her office at least as honorable, seeing she has intrusted
+to her the rearing and training of an immortal being, and that she holds
+her commission direct from the King of Kings. For, recollect, it is only
+by God's blessing that she becomes a mother; for such is the present
+state of society that many very worthy married people have not the
+privilege of offspring, although they are intensely fond of children and seem
+to have no other earthly want. They may, nevertheless, be very useful,
+and therefore happy, in a different sphere, by the adoption of nephews
+and nieces or in some similar way.</p>
+
+
+<h5>AT THE BIRTH OF HER FIRST CHILD</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">there is opened in the mother's heart a new well of love, such as she had
+not known before; and although she may fancy that this is all spent
+upon her babe, it is not so, for she loves her God, her husband, and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>everybody else better than ever. The father, too, is similarly affected;
+he also has a warmer love for his wife and for all his connections.</p>
+
+<p>A similar idea is well expressed by M&ouml;hler, a German writer, who
+says: &#8220;The power of selfishness, which is inwoven with our whole
+being, is altogether broken by marriage, and by degrees love, becoming
+more and more pure, takes its place.&#8221; When a man marries he gives himself
+up entirely to <i>another</i> being; in this affair of life he first goes out of
+himself, and inflicts the first deadly wound on his egotism. By every
+child with which his marriage is blessed, nature renews the same attack
+on his selfhood, causes him to live less for himself, and more&mdash;even
+without being distinctly conscious of it&mdash;for others; his heart expands in
+proportion as the claimants upon it increase, and, bursting the bonds of
+its former narrow exclusiveness, it eventually extends its sympathies to
+all around.</p>
+
+<p>Whenever a mother is supplying her baby with the food which God
+has so wisely provided for it, or is ministering to any other of its numerous
+and increasing wants, she may feel that everything she does for it is
+pleasing to her Heavenly Father and has its immediate reward in the delight
+she experiences in the act.</p>
+
+<p>I can fancy that when a mother has washed her baby, and before
+she dresses it has a good romp with it, smothering it with kisses, calling
+it all the beauties and darlings and pets and jewels she can think of, and
+talking any amount of nonsense at the top of her voice&mdash;the baby all the
+while cooing, chirping, or even screaming with delight&mdash;at such a time,
+I say, I can easily fancy that the angels are looking on approvingly and
+enjoying the scene. And why not? &#8220;Of such is the kingdom of
+heaven.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>From the time that an infant first becomes conscious of its wants,
+and long afterwards, it looks to its mother to supply them all, fully believing
+her able to do so. She is, in fact, in place of God to it, and it would
+be well for many of us if we trusted our Heavenly Father as simply and as
+fully as the infant does its earthly mother.</p>
+
+<p>Those who know no better, when they see a mother patiently watching
+her sleeping babe, might wonder that she does not feel the want of
+company. She has, however, company that they know not of, and of
+which even she herself may not be conscious. If only our eyes were open,
+we might see that she is not the only one that is so engaged&mdash;that angels
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>are also occupied in watching the babe and in supporting her. I entirely
+agree with Dr. Watts, where, in his &#8220;Cradle Hymn,&#8221; he makes the mother
+say:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">&#8220;Hush! my babe, lie still and slumber,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Holy angels guard thy bed.&#8221;<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>You probably know the beautiful Irish superstition that when a baby
+smiles in its sleep the angels are whispering to it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Before I became a father, I took little or no interest in babies;
+I rather thought them troublesome things. But the arrival of one of my
+own wrought a great change in me. It enlarged at once my views and
+my heart, and I had higher and stronger motives to exertion. My interest
+in them has not yet begun to weaken, and I have no reason to think it
+ever will.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Girls are differently constituted from boys. God makes the intellect
+predominate in males, and affection in females. Accordingly, a little girl
+early shows a love for a doll, regarding it quite as her baby and never
+taking into account that it is not alive. She has many of a mother's cares
+and anxieties, as well as pleasures, about it; indeed, as many as she is then
+capable of. It is a constant source of amusement and employment to
+her. In all this we may plainly see the hand of Providence. It forms a
+suitable introduction to some of the interesting and important duties which
+will devolve on her if it should be His good pleasure for her to become a
+mother.</p>
+
+<p>You will, I dare say, readily see the object I now have in view. It
+is that I wish to impress on you how desirable it is that you should take
+every opportunity of becoming acquainted with the habits and wants of
+babies, and the best way of managing them. The more you have to do
+with them the more you will like the labors, and the easier and more
+delightful it will become. It is fair that, before you have children of your
+own, you should get your knowledge as to the management of them by
+experience with other people's. I take it for granted you will at all times
+do your best for them. You will then have but little cause to fear accident;
+and if accident should happen, as with all your care it sometimes
+will, you will have more confidence in your powers, and will be more likely
+to do what is best at the moment, than if you were unused to children.
+Much of the disease and early death that happens among children arises
+from the ignorance of the mothers, who, however, are much more to be
+pitied than blamed in the matter. They had never been taught their
+duties toward their future offspring.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>Few mothers are, perhaps, sufficiently aware of the great influence
+which their manners, habits, and conversation have upon the tender minds
+of their children, even from birth. The child should grow up with a feeling
+of reverence for its parents, which can only be the case when wisdom,
+as well as affection, is exercised in its bringing up. Hence the necessity
+of the mother fitting herself, both <i>intellectually</i> and <i>morally</i>, for her sacred
+office, that the child may become accustomed to yield perfect obedience
+to her wishes, from a principle of love, and may acquire, as it advances in
+life, the habit of yielding a like obedience to that which is right.</p>
+
+<p>As you well know that you are not perfect yourself, you must be
+prepared to find that your husband has also his imperfections, and it is no
+unimportant part of your duty to help him to get rid of them. Indeed, it
+is one of the highest uses of marriage for each partner to assist the other
+on the journey to the heavenly Canaan. But before you attempt to point
+out a fault in him, consider how you had best proceed so as to attain
+your object; for unless you adopt a judicious mode, and an affectionate
+as well as earnest manner, you may do as much harm as good. You must
+also carefully watch your opportunity; for what would be favorably
+received at one time and under certain circumstances, might under other
+circumstances give offence and altogether fail of the good effect intended
+and hoped for. You do not know how powerful you may be for good to
+your husband. There is much truth in the saying, &#8220;A man is what a
+woman makes him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Previous to your marriage it will be expedient for you not to give
+your lover that full and unlimited confidence which it will be your duty&mdash;and
+your inclination, too&mdash;to give him when he becomes your husband.
+I refer chiefly to family and other private matters, not to anything he
+ought to know to enable him to judge of your character and position.
+Many unhappy marriages have been brought about through the young
+woman letting it be known that she has &#8220;great expectations.&#8221; A worthless
+fellow may, in consequence, have succeeded in winning her hand.</p>
+
+<p>There is another point to which I must just allude before concluding
+this address. It is doubtless the order of Providence for marriage to take
+place, when possible, on our arriving at years of maturity. But I would
+guard you against the evil results of <i>too early</i> marriage, before either
+body or mind is perfectly matured. We scarcely need consult either
+medical or moral science to satisfy ourselves on this by no means
+trifling point. We may find in society too many sad instances of such
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>immature and indiscreet unions. The minds of young persons should be
+expanded by a certain amount of experience in the world before entering
+upon engagements involving so many momentous duties.</p>
+
+<p>In your daily walks abroad, if you examine the countenances of
+those you meet, you will doubtless be led to conclude that there is a
+great deal of disease and misery in the world; but judging from my own
+observation, I think you will find that the greater number of persons
+exhibit signs of health and happiness. Much of the disease, and misery
+with which the world is afflicted is the direct result of the misconduct of
+the individuals themselves; but no little of it is attributable to their
+parents, who have neglected or violated God's laws of health, their misconduct
+thus affecting their descendants to the &#8220;third and fourth generation.&#8221;
+I cannot, therefore, too much impress upon you the importance
+of your honestly trying to find out any bad habits to which you are
+inclined, with a view to getting rid of them, one by one, and supplying
+their place by good habits. By pursuing this course you will not only
+do much for your own happiness, but also for that of your children, if
+God should bless you with a family. Children, you know, are often
+striking likenesses of their parents, and in their minds and habits they
+likewise often resemble them. You should strive, then, to be good&mdash;not
+from mere self-love and that you may get to heaven, but because your
+duty to others requires it.</p>
+
+<p>Earl Granville, when laying the foundation-stone of the Alexandria
+Orphanage, in England, thus expressed himself in reference to the great
+value of children: &#8220;Few will deny that a child is 'an inestimable loan,'
+as it has been called, or refuse to acknowledge, with one of our greatest
+poets, that the world would be a somewhat melancholy one if there were
+no children to gladden it.&#8221; Children, more than any other earthly thing,
+equalize the conditions of society&mdash;to rich and poor they bring an
+interest, a pleasure, and an elevation which nothing else that is earthly
+does.</p>
+
+<p>Now, young people, before they think of engaging themselves, should
+clearly know each other's peculiar views of religion; because if they
+differ seriously on this point there is danger of it interfering with that full
+confidence which is so essential to happiness.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>LOVE AND MARRIAGE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The attraction of the sexes for each other, though based upon the
+dual principle of generation which pervades the living world and which
+has its analogies in the attractive forces of matter, yet pervades the whole
+being.</p>
+
+
+<h5>LOVE IS NOT MERELY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">the instinctive desire of physical union, which has for its object the
+continuation of the species&mdash;it belongs to the mind as well as to the
+body. It warms, invigorates, and elevates every sentiment, every feeling;
+and in its highest, purest, most diffusive form unites us to God and all
+creatures in Him.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ALL LOVE IS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">essentially the same, but modified according to its objects and by the
+character of the one who loves. The love of children for their parents,
+of parents for offspring, brotherly and sisterly love, the love of friendship,
+of charity, and the fervor of religious love, are modifications of the same
+sentiment&mdash;the attraction that draws us to our kindred, our kind; that
+binds together all races and humanity itself, resting on the fatherhood of
+God and the brotherhood of man. It is but natural that this love should
+vary in degrees. Attractions are proportional to proximity. Family is
+nearer than country; we prefer our own nation to the rest of the race.</p>
+
+<p>Each individual has, also, his own special attractions and repulsions.
+There is love at first sight and friendship at first sight. We feel some
+persons pleasant to us; to be near them is a delight. Generally such
+feelings are mutual&mdash;like flows to like, or as often, perhaps, differences fit
+into each other. We seek sympathy with our own tastes and habits, or
+we find in others what we lack. Thus the weak rest upon the strong, the
+timid are fond of the courageous, the reckless seek guidance of the
+prudent, and so on. The sentiment of</p>
+
+
+<h5>LOVE FOR THE OPPOSITE SEX</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">&mdash;tender, romantic, passionate&mdash;begins very early in life. Fathers and
+daughters, mothers and sons, have a special fondness for each other, as,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>also, have brothers and sisters; but the boy soon comes to admire
+someone, generally older than himself, who is not a relation. Very little
+girls find a hero in some friend of an elder brother.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FONDNESS FOR COUSINS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">generally comes more from opportunity than natural attraction, though a
+cousin may have very little appearance of family relation. The law
+appears to be that free choice seeks the diverse and distant. A stranger
+has always a better chance with the young ladies of any district than the
+young men with whom they have always been acquainted. Savages seek
+their wives out of their own tribe.</p>
+
+<p>It is my belief that naturally (I mean in a state of pure and unperverted
+nature, but developed cultivated, and refined by education) every
+man loves womanhood itself, and all women so far as they approximate
+to his ideal; and that in the same way every woman loves manhood, and
+is attracted and charmed by all its gentle, noble, and heroic manifestations.
+By such a man, every woman he meets is reverenced as a mother,
+sister, daughter, or, it may be, cherished in a more tender relation, which
+should be at first, and may always remain, free from any sensual desire.
+Such love may have many objects, each attracting the kind and degree of
+affection which it is able to inspire. Such love of men for women, and
+women for men, may be free and will be free just in the degree in which
+it is freed from the bondage of sensual passion.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SUCH LOVE HAS A DIRECT TENDENCY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">to raise men above the control of their senses. The more of such
+love one has and the more it is diffused, the less the liability to sink
+into the lower and disorderly loves of the sensual life.</p>
+
+<p>The idea that every attraction, every attachment, every love between
+the sexes must lead to marriage&mdash;that no love can be tolerated but with
+that end in view&mdash;is a very false and mischievous one. It deprives men
+and women of the strength and happiness they might have in pure
+friendships and pure loves, and it leads to a multitude of false and bad
+marriages. Two persons are drawn together by strong attractions and
+tender sentiments for each other who have no more right to be married
+than if they were brother and sister, but who have the same right to love
+each other. But their true sentiments for each other, and consequent
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>relation to each other, are not understood by those around them and
+perhaps not by themselves. They are urged by the misapprehension of
+others, by their expectation, by ignorant gossip, by the prejudice of
+society, based upon low and sensual estimates of life, to marry; they find
+that they must either marry or lose the happiness they have in each
+other's society, and they make the irrevocable mistake.</p>
+
+<p>When it is understood that there are</p>
+
+
+<h5>OTHER LOVES</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">than that of marriage; when the special attraction that justifies union for
+life, and the begetting of offspring, is discriminated from all the other
+attractions that may bring two souls into very near and tender relations
+to each other, there will be more happiness in the world and fewer
+incomplete, imperfect, and, therefore, more or less unhappy, marriages.
+Nothing can be more detestable than that playing with fire which goes
+by the name of</p>
+
+
+<h5>FLIRTATION;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">but there are men and women who have the happiness of living and of
+being tenderly and devotedly loved by persons of the opposite sex&mdash;loved
+purely, nobly, happily&mdash;without injury and with great good. When
+such loves are accompanied by perfect trust in the goodness, purity,
+truth, and honor of the beloved, there can be no jealousy, no desire for
+selfish absorption, no fear of deprivation of any right. There is no
+reason why a husband or a wife should limit the range of pure and spiritual
+affection to near relatives.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE MAN WHO CAN LOVE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">a sister as sisters are often loved, may love in the same way, or as
+purely, any woman who might be his sister. As men and women learn
+to purify their lives, the world will grow more tolerant and love will
+become more universal. The tender and fervent exhortations to mutual
+love to be found in the Gospels and Epistles of the New Testament are
+now almost without a meaning. But they had a meaning to those to
+whom they were addressed, and when we are better Christians, and bring
+our lives to the purity of Christian morality, they will have a meaning to
+us and we shall learn that, in a sense we have not dreamed of, God is
+Love.</p>
+
+
+<h5><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>IN THE HUMAN RACE ALL CIRCUMSTANCES POINT TO
+MONOGAMY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">as the lawful or natural condition. Males and females are born in almost
+equal numbers. If there are two or three per cent. more of males than
+females, the risks of life with males soon make the number even. Therefore,
+as a rule, no man can have more than one wife without robbing his
+neighbor.</p>
+
+<p><i>Polygamy</i> is therefore a manifest injustice, and may become the
+most grievous of all monopolies.</p>
+
+<p>Children are the most helpless of all young creatures and require the
+care of parents for the longest period. The care of a husband for his
+wife, and of a father for his child, is an evident necessity. The proper
+care and education of a single child should extend over at least fifteen
+years, and that of a family may reach to thirty years, or throughout the
+greatest part of an ordinary life. During all periods of pregnancy, childbearing,
+nursing, and the education and care of a family, every woman
+has a right to the sympathy, sustaining love, and constant aid of her
+husband. No man has a right to desert or leave helpless, or even
+dependent upon others, except in extraordinary cases, the mother of his
+children.</p>
+
+<p>Marriage, like celibacy, should be a matter of vocation.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE SPECIAL OBJECT OF MARRIAGE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is to have children; the co-operating motive is that two persons drawn to
+each other by a mutual affection may live helpfully and happily together.
+A selfish marriage, for its merely animal gratifications&mdash;a marriage in
+which strength, health, usefulness, often life itself, are sacrificed to
+sensuality and lust&mdash;is a desecration of a holy institution, and somewhat
+worse in its consequences than promiscuous profligacy, for the consequences
+of that may not fall upon one's children and posterity.</p>
+
+<p>There are many persons who have no right to marry. There should
+be a kind and amount of love that will justify and sanctify such a relation.
+There should be a pure motive and the fixed intention of making the
+relation what it ought to be to husband, wife, and children. There should
+be a reasonable assurance of the power to provide for a family. There
+should be that amount of health, that freedom from bodily and mental
+disease, that physical and moral constitution which will give a reasonable
+prospect of children whose lives will be a blessing to themselves and to
+society.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>When there is deformity of body, or an unhappy peculiarity of temper
+or mind liable to be inherited, people should not marry, or if they live
+together, should resign the uses of marriage. People should conscientiously
+refrain from propagating hereditary diseases. Persons near of kin
+are wisely forbidden to marry, for there is in such cases the liability of
+imperfect generation&mdash;the production of blind, deaf, idiotic or insane
+offspring.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SHOULD MARRIAGE BE FOR LIFE?</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">As a rule, undoubtedly. Every real, proper, true marriage must be. It
+takes a lifetime for a husband and wife to make a home and rear and
+educate and provide for a family of children. But what if people make
+mistakes and find that they are not suitably married? These are
+mistakes very difficult to remedy. If a man, after deliberately making his
+choice of a woman, ceases to love her, how can he honorably withdraw
+from his relation to her, and enter upon another,</p>
+
+
+<h5>WHEN SHE STILL LOVES HIM,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and is ready to fulfill her part of the contract? Laws cannot very well
+provide for mistakes. If the distaste for each other be mutual, and both
+parties desire to separate, a separation may of course be permitted; but it
+is a serious question whether two such persons can go into the world and
+find new partners, with justice to the rest. The law which permits of no
+divorce certainly bears hard upon individual cases; but if it leads to
+greater seriousness and care in forming such relations, it may be, on the
+whole, the best thing for society that it should be strictly observed.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>WHEN TO MARRY&mdash;HOW TO SELECT A PARTNER<br />
+ON RIGHT PRINCIPLES.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The proper age to marry is a somewhat vexed question, but needlessly
+so, because that age varies much, according to temperament and
+other circumstances relating to the individual. Although after puberty
+the sexual organs are capable of reproduction, yet it by no means follows
+that they should be used for that purpose. Their early activity is
+intended for the perfection of the body and mind, and not for the continuation
+of the species.</p>
+
+
+<h5>VERY EARLY MARRIAGE,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">therefore, should be avoided, because the nervous force expended in
+amative indulgence is imperatively required in both sexes for developing
+the physical and mental faculties. The zo&ouml;sperms produced by the male
+in the first years of puberty are inferior in power and less capable of
+producing healthy offspring than those of mature years. The early germs,
+also, of the female are less fitted for fecundation than those that appear
+later in life; nature evidently intending these early efforts to be used on
+the individuals themselves in building up their bodies, strengthening their
+minds, and preparing them to reproduce their species in maturer years.
+There is a serious day of reckoning for early indulgence; for precocious
+persons (unless their constitutions are as powerful as their desires) who
+give way to their passions at their first exactions, barter their youth for
+their enjoyment, and are old and weary of the world at an age when
+people of more moderate habits are only in the meridian of pleasure and
+existence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>GENERALLY THE BEST AGE TO MARRY,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">where the health is perfect, is from twenty-one to twenty-five in the male
+and from eighteen to twenty-one in the female. As a general rule,
+marriages earlier than this are injurious and detrimental to health. Men
+who marry too young, unless they are of cold and phlegmatic constitution,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>and thus moderate in their conduct, become partially bald, dim of
+sight, and lose all elasticity of limb in a few years; while women in a
+like position rarely have any bloom on their cheek or fire in their eye by
+the time they are twenty-five. And all profound physiologists agree that
+from the same cause the mental faculties suffer in the same ratio.</p>
+
+<p>A medium, however, is to be observed. It is not well to defer till
+middle age the period of connubial intercourse; for too tedious spinsterhood
+is as much calculated to hasten the decay of beauty as too early a
+marriage. Hence, there is rarely any freshness to be seen in a maiden
+of thirty; while the matron of that age, if her life has been a happy one,
+and her hymeneal condition of not more than ten years' standing, is
+scarcely in the heyday of her charm's. And the same rule will apply
+with equal force to the other sex; for, after the first prime of life, bachelors
+decay and grow old much faster than married men.</p>
+
+<p>The rich are qualified for marriage before the poor. This is owing
+to the superiority of their aliment; for very nutritious food, and the constant
+use of wines, coffee, etc., greatly assists in developing the organs of
+reproduction; whereas the food generally made use of among the peasantry
+of most countries&mdash;as vegetables, corn, milk, etc.&mdash;retards their
+growth. Owing to this difference of diet, the daughter of a man of
+wealth, who keeps a good table, will be as adequate to certain duties of
+married life at eighteen as the daughter of a humble peasant at twenty-one.
+Singular as it may seem, it is none the less true, that love novels,
+amorous conversations, playing parlor games for kisses, voluptuous
+pictures, waltzing, and, in fact, all things having a tendency to create
+desire, assist in promoting puberty and preparing young persons for early
+marriage. Those who reach this estate, however, by artificial means and
+much before the natural period will have to suffer for it in after life.</p>
+
+<p>The female who marries before the completion of her womanhood&mdash;that
+is, before her puberty is established&mdash;will cease to grow and probably
+become pale and delicate, the more especially if she become pregnant
+soon after marriage. A person who is thus circumstanced will also
+be liable to abortions and painful deliveries.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MARRIAGE, UNLESS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">under very peculiar circumstances, should not take place until two or
+three years after the age of puberty. Many instances could be cited of
+the injurious effects resulting from not observing this rule. The case of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>the son of Napoleon I. is a notable instance, who, at the age of fifteen or
+sixteen, began his career of sexual indulgence, which ended his life at the
+early age of twenty-one years. He was an amiable, inoffensive, and
+studious youth, beloved by his grandfather and the whole Austrian
+court; and though the son of the most energetic man that modern times
+has produced, yet, from his effeminate life, he scarcely attracted the least
+public attention.</p>
+
+<p>Let me, therefore, advise the male reader to keep his desires in leading-strings
+until he is at least twenty-one, and the female not to enter the
+pale of wedlock until she is past her eighteenth year; but after these periods
+marriage is their proper sphere of action, and one in which they
+must play a part or suffer actual pain as well as the loss of one of the
+greatest of earthly pleasures.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MARRIAGES ARE MOST HAPPY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and most productive of handsome and healthy offspring when the husband
+and wife differ, not only in mental conformation, but in bodily construction.
+A melancholy man should mate himself with a sprightly woman,
+and <i>vice versa</i>; for otherwise they will soon grow weary of the monotony
+of each other's company. By the same rule should the choleric and the
+patient be united, and the ambitious and the humble; for the opposites
+of their natures not only produce pleasurable excitement, but each keeps
+the other in a wholesome check. In the size and form of the parties the
+same principles hold good. Tall women are not the ideals of beauty to
+tall men; and if they marry such, they will soon begin to imagine greater
+perfections in other forms than in those of their own wives. And this is
+well ordered by nature to prevent the disagreeable results which are
+almost certain to grow out of unions where the parties have a strong
+resemblance.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, tall parents will probably have children taller than
+either, and mental imbecility is the usual attendant of extreme size. The
+union of persons prone to corpulency, of dwarfs, etc., would have parallel
+results; and so, likewise, of weakly and attenuated couples. The tall
+should marry the short, the corpulent the lean, the choleric the gentle, and
+so on, and the tendency to extremes in the parents will be corrected in
+the offspring.</p>
+
+<p>Apart from these considerations, there are reasons why persons of
+the same disposition should not be united and wedlock. An amiable
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>wife to a choleric man is like oil to troubled waters; an ill-tempered one
+will make his life a misery and his home a hell. The man of studious
+habits should marry a woman of sense and spirit rather than of erudition,
+or the union will increase the monotony of his existence, which it would be
+well for his health and spirits to correct by a little conjugal excitement;
+and the man of gloomy temperament will find the greatest relief from the
+dark forebodings of his mind in the society of a gentle, but lively and
+smiling partner.</p>
+
+<p>However, in some particulars the dispositions and constructions of</p>
+
+
+<h5>MARRIED PEOPLE MUST ASSIMILATE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">or they will have but few enjoyments in common. The man of full
+habits and warm nature had better remain single than unite his destinies
+with a woman whose heart repulses the soft advancements of love; and
+the sanguine female in whose soul love is the dominant principle should
+avoid marriage with a very phlegmatic person, or her caresses, instead of
+being returned in kind, will rather excite feelings of disgust. Thus the
+discriminations to be made in the choice of a partner are extremely nice.</p>
+
+<p>Nature generally assists art in the choice of partners. We instinctively
+seek in the object of our desires the qualities which we do not
+possess ourselves. This is a most admirable arrangement of Providence,
+as it establishes an equilibrium and prevents people from tending to
+extremes; for it is known that unions of dwarfs are fruitful of dwarfs,
+that giants proceed from the embrace of giants, and that offspring of
+parents alike irritable, alike passive, alike bashful, etc., inherit the
+prominent qualities of both to such a degree as to seriously interfere
+with their prospects in the world.</p>
+
+<p>It has another advantage. Through its means &#8220;Every eye forms
+its own beauty&#8221;; hence, what one person rejects is the <i>beau ideal</i> of
+another's conceptions, and thus we are all provided for.</p>
+
+<p>In fine, with man as with animals, the best way to improve the breed
+is to cross it, for the intermarriage of like with like and relative with
+relative not only causes man to degenerate, but if the system became
+universal would in time bring the human race to a termination altogether.</p>
+
+<p>A male or female with a very low forehead should carefully avoid
+marriage with a person of like conformation, or their offspring will, in all
+probability, be weak-minded or victims to partial idiocy.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>The system of crossing is so perfect that marriages between persons
+of different countries are likely to be pleasant and fruitful. Speaking on
+this subject, an English writer says: &#8220;The Persians have been so improved
+by introducing foreigners that they have completely succeeded in
+washing out their Mongolian origin.&#8221; And the same author adds to the
+effect that in those parts of Persia where there is no foreign intercourse
+the inhabitants are sickly and stunted, while in those that are frequented
+by strangers they are large and healthy.</p>
+
+<p>To make what is called</p>
+
+
+<h5>&#8220;A HANDSOME COUPLE,&#8221;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">the female should be about three inches less than the male, and the
+parties should be proportionately developed throughout their system.</p>
+
+
+<h5>&#8220;A WELL-FORMED WOMAN,&#8221;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">says a modern physiologist, &#8220;should have her head, shoulders, and chest
+small and compact; arms and limbs relatively short; her haunches
+apart; her hips elevated; her abdomen large and her thighs voluminous.
+Hence, she should taper from the center, up and down. Whereas, in a
+well-formed man the shoulders are more prominent than the hips.
+Great hollowness of the back, the pressing of the thigh against each
+other in walking, and the elevation of one hip above the other, are
+indications of the malformation of the pelvis.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>From the same writer I take the following, which is applicable here.
+It is very correct in its estimates of beauty in both sexes:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The length of the neck should be proportionately less in the male
+than in the female, because the dependence of the mental system on the
+vital one is naturally connected with the shorter courses of the vessels
+of the neck.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The neck should form a gradual transition between the body and
+head&mdash;its fullness concealing all prominences of the throat.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The shoulders should slope from the lower part of the neck,
+because the reverse shows that the upper part of the chest owes its width
+to the bones and muscles of the shoulders.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The upper part of the chest should be relatively short and wide,
+independent of the size of the shoulders, for this shows the vital organs
+which it contains are sufficiently developed.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>&#8220;The waist should taper a little farther than the middle of the trunk,
+and be marked, especially in the back and loins, by the approximation of
+the hips.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The waist should be narrower than the upper part of the trunk and
+its muscles, because the reverse indicates the expansion of the stomach,
+liver, and great intestine, resulting from their excessive use.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The back of woman should be more hollow than that of man; for
+otherwise the pelvis is not of sufficient depth for parturition.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Women should have more extended loins than men, at the
+expense of the superior and inferior parts, for this conformation is
+essential to gestation.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The abdomen should be larger in woman than in man, for the
+same reason.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Over all these parts the cellular tissue, and the plumpness connected
+with it, should obliterate all distinct projection of muscles.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The surface of the whole female form should be characterized by
+its softness, elasticity, smoothness, delicacy, and polish, and by the
+gradual and easy transition between the parts.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The moderate plumpness already described should bestow on the
+organs of woman great suppleness. Plumpness is essential to beauty,
+especially in mothers, because in them the abdomen necessarily expands,
+and would afterwards collapse and become wrinkled.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;An excess of plumpness, however, is to be guarded against.
+Young women who are very fat are cold and prone to barrenness.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;In no case should plumpness be so predominant as to destroy the
+distinctness of parts.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>A male and female formed on the above models would be well
+matched and have fine children.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>SEXUAL INTERCOURSE&mdash;ITS LAWS AND CONDITIONS&mdash;ITS<br />
+USE AND ABUSE.</h3>
+
+
+<p>There is an increasing and alarming prevalence of nervous ailments
+and complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+from this source. Hypochondria, in its various phases, results from the
+premature and unnatural waste of the seminal fluid. Then speedily
+ensues a lack of natural heat, a deficiency of vital power, and consequently
+indigestion, melancholy, languor, and dejection ensue; the victim
+becomes enervated and spiritless, loses the very attributes of man, and
+premature old age soon follows.</p>
+
+
+<h5>IT IS A PREVALENT ERROR</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">that it is necessary for the semen to be ejected at certain times from the
+body; that its retention is incompatible with sound health and vigor of
+body and mind. This is a very fallacious idea. The seminal fluid is too
+precious&mdash;nature bestows too much care in its elaboration for it to be
+wasted in this unproductive manner. It is intended, when not used for
+the purpose of procreation, to be reabsorbed again into the system, giving
+vigor of body, elasticity and strength to the mind, making the
+individual strong, active, and self-reliant. When kept as nature intended,
+it is a perpetual fountain of life and energy&mdash;a vital force which acts in
+every direction, a motive power which infuses manhood into every
+organ of the brain and every fiber of the body.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE LAW OF SEXUAL MORALITY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">for childhood is one of utter negation of sex. Every child should be
+kept pure and free from amative excitement and the least amative
+indulgence, which is unnatural and doubly hurtful. No language is
+strong enough to express the evils of amative excitement and unnatural
+indulgence before the age of puberty; and the dangers are so great that
+I see no way so safe as</p>
+
+
+<h5>THOROUGH INSTRUCTION<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">regarding them at the earliest age. A child may be taught, simply as a
+matter of science, as one learns botany, all that is needful to know, and
+such knowledge may protect it from the most terrible evils.</p>
+
+<p>The law for childhood is perfect purity, which cannot be too carefully
+guarded and protected by parents, teachers, and all caretakers. The
+law for youth is perfect continence&mdash;a pure vestalate alike in both sexes.
+No indulgence is required by one more than the other&mdash;for both nature
+has made the same provision. The natures of both are alike, and any&mdash;the
+least&mdash;exercise of the amative function is an injury to one as to the
+other.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MEN EXPECT</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">that women shall come to them in marriage chaste and pure from the
+least defilement. Women have a right to expect the same of their husbands.
+Here the sexes are upon a perfect equality.</p>
+
+<p>On this subject, Dr. Carpenter (physiological works) has written like
+a man of true science, and, therefore, of true morality. He lays it down
+as an axiom that <i>the development of the individual and the reproduction
+of the species stand in an inverse ratio to each other</i>. He says: &#8220;The
+augmented development of the generative organs at puberty can only be
+rightly regarded as <i>preparatory</i> to the exercise of the organs. The
+development of the <i>individual</i> must be completed before the procreative
+power can properly be exercised for the continuance of the race.&#8221; And
+in the following extract from his &#8220;Principles of Human Physiology,&#8221; he
+confirms my statement respecting the unscientific and libertine advice of
+too many physicians: &#8220;The author would say to those of his younger
+readers who urge the wants of nature as an excuse for the illicit gratification
+of the sexual passions, 'try the effects of <i>close mental application</i> to
+some of those ennobling pursuits to which your profession introduces you,
+in combination with <i>vigorous bodily exercise</i>, before you assert that
+appetite is unrestrainable and act upon that assertion.' Nothing tends
+so much to increase the desire as the continual direction of the mind
+toward the objects of its gratification, whilst nothing so effectually
+represses it as a determined exercise of the mental faculties upon other
+objects and the expenditure of nervous energy in other channels. Some
+works which have issued from the medical press contain much that is
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span>calculated to excite, rather than to repress, the propensity; and the
+advice sometimes given by practitioners to their patients is immoral as
+well as unscientific.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<h5>EVERY MAN AND EVERY WOMAN,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">living simply, purely, and temperately&mdash;respecting the laws of health in
+regard to air, food, dress, exercise, and habits of life&mdash;not only can live in
+the continence of a pure virgin life when single, and in the chastity
+which should be observed by all married partners, but be stronger,
+happier, and in every way better by so living.</p>
+
+<p>Chastity is the conservation of life, and the consecration of its forces
+to the highest use. Sensuality is the waste of life, and the degradation of
+its forces to pleasure divorced from use. Chastity is life; sensuality is
+death.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FROM THE AGE OF PUBERTY TO MARRIAGE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">the law, is the same for both sexes&mdash;full employment of mind and body,
+temperance, purity, and perfect chastity in thought, word, and deed.
+The law is one of perfect equality. There is no license for the male
+which is not equally the right of the female. There is no physiological
+ground for any indulgence in one case more than in the other. No man
+has any more right to require or expect purity in the woman who is to be
+his wife than the woman has to require and expect purity in her
+husband. It is a simple matter of justice and right. No man can enter
+upon an amative relation with a woman, except in marriage, without
+manifest injustice to his future wife, unless he allow her the same liberty;
+and also without a great wrong to the woman, and to her possible
+husband.</p>
+
+<p>It is contended that the sins of men against chastity are more venial
+than those of women, because of the liability of women to have children.
+But men are also liable to be the fathers of children, who are deeply
+wronged by the absence of paternal care. The child has its rights, and
+every child has the right to be born in honest, respectable wedlock, of
+parents able to give it a sound constitution and the nurture and education
+it requires. The child who lacks these conditions is grievously wronged
+by both father and mother.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE LAW OF MARRIAGE<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is, that a mature man and woman, with sound health, pure lives, and a
+reasonable prospect of comfortably educating a family, when drawn to
+each other by the attraction of mutual love, should chastely and temperately
+unite for offspring. The sexual relation has this chief and controlling
+purpose. The law of nature is intercourse for reproduction. Under
+the Christian law, marriage is the symbol of the union of Christ with the
+Church; husband and wife are one in the Lord; they are to live in
+marriage chastity, not in lust and uncleanness; and there cannot be a
+more hideous violation of Christian morals than for a husband to vent
+his sensuality upon a feeble wife; against her wishes and when she has
+no desire for offspring and no power to give them the healthy constitutions
+and maternal care which is their right.</p>
+
+<p>The law of Christian morality is very clear. It is the sexual union
+first and chiefly for its principal object. It is for the husband to refrain
+from it whenever it is not desired; whenever it would be hurtful to
+either; whenever it would be a waste of life; whenever it would injure
+mother or child, as during pregnancy and lactation.</p>
+
+
+<h5>A MAN WHO TRULY LOVES A WOMAN</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">must respect and reverence her, and cannot make her the victim of his
+inordinate and unbridled, selfish and sensual nature. He will be ever,
+from the first moment of joyful possession to the last of his life, tender,
+delicate, considerate, deferent, yielding to her slightest wishes in the
+domain of love, and never encroaching, never trespassing upon, never
+victimizing the wife of his bosom and the mother of his babes. We
+have romance before marriage, we want more chivalry in marriage.</p>
+
+<p>This is not the world's morality, yet it seems to one the world must
+respect it. This, high and pure Christian morality is not always enforced
+by Christian ministers, some of whom yield too much to human sensuality
+and depravity, instead of maintaining the higher law of Christian purity,
+which is but nature restored or freed from its stains of sin. The world
+requires that unmarried women should be chaste, while it gives almost
+unbridled license to men. A girl detected in amours is disgraced and
+often made an outcast. In young men such irregularities are freely
+tolerated. They are &#8220;a little wild&#8221;; they &#8220;sow their wild oats&#8221;; but
+open profligacy, the seduction of innocence, the ruin of poor girls,
+adultery, harlotry and its diseases do not hinder men from marrying, nor
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span>from requiring that those they marry should have spotless reputations.
+It is not for a moment permitted that women in these matters should
+behave like men, and a pure girl is given to the arms of a wasted
+debauchee, and her babes are perhaps born dead, or suffer through life
+with syphilitic diseases, while she endures a long martyrdom from disordered,
+diseased, and unrestrained sensuality. For the unmarried,
+young men, soldiers, sailors, and all who do not choose to bear the
+burdens of a family, society has its armies of prostitutes&mdash;women like
+others, and more than others, or in less reputable fashion, the victims of
+the unbridled lust of men. They are everywhere tolerated as</p>
+
+
+<h5>&#8220;NECESSARY EVILS,&#8221;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and, in some places, protected or regulated; and, from economical or
+philanthropic considerations, or both, combined efforts are made to free
+them from the contagious diseases which for some centuries have been a
+curse attending this form of the violation of the laws of nature&mdash;one of the
+consequences of lust which is the divorce of the sexual instinct from its
+natural use and purpose.</p>
+
+<p>The Christian</p>
+
+
+<h5>LAW OF MARRIAGE,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">as set down in the Holy Scriptures, and defined by the best writers on
+moral theology, is in harmony with nature, in consonance with the higher
+nature of man. &#8220;God hath set the earth in families.&#8221; Adultery is a sin,
+because it disorders that divine arrangement. Fornication is a sin, because
+it prevents pure marriages. Prostitution is a sin, because it is a sacrifice
+of women, who might be wives and mothers, to the selfish lusts of men.
+All useless indulgence is a waste of life, and a kind of suicide. In a pure
+marriage union, men and women unite themselves with God in acts of
+creative power. The progress of humanity depends upon individual
+development and the conditions at generation and gestation. With
+culture and a harmonized development, we acquire a higher and more
+integral life. When two parents are in their highest condition and in</p>
+
+
+<h5>A TRUE UNION</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">with each other, the child combines the best qualities of both parents.
+When parents are not in the unity of a mutual love, the child may be
+inferior to either parent. The intensity of mutual love tends to the reproduction
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>of the best faculties of both parents in the child. When men or
+women are exhausted or diseased the race deteriorates. Health is therefore
+one of the conditions of progress.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is all very fine,&#8221; I shall be told, &#8220;to talk of purity and chastity;
+but we must take men as they are. How are you going to make men
+pure and chaste, and respectful of the purity of women? How can you
+get men with strong amative propensities to live like anchorites?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>How can you get men to do anything right, or refrain from any
+wrong thing? There are three motives&mdash;fear of punishment, hope of
+reward, and sense of right or the principle of duty. The first of these is
+the lowest, but often the most effectual; the second is higher, and appeals
+to hope and the love of happiness; the third, the highest of all motives,
+pure and unselfish as the love of truth, as in mathematics, acts on noble
+minds with great power. Men of real conscientiousness love the right for
+its own sake. They are just from love of justice; pure from a sense and
+love of purity. They love good, and God as the source of all good; and
+do right, not from fear or hope, but from pure love.</p>
+
+<p>We must appeal to all motives. Men refrain from theft and other
+dishonest conduct from the dread of disgrace and punishment, because
+they see that &#8220;honesty is the best policy,&#8221; and from a sense of justice
+and regard to the rights of property, or a sense of honor which makes a
+mean action impossible. By similar motives great numbers are restrained
+from drunkenness and other vices. Children are to be restrained from
+impurity by the fear of the terrible consequences of unnatural indulgence
+in causing disease and pain, by the hope of a pure, healthy and happy life
+of love in manhood and womanhood, and by a sense of the beauty and
+holiness of chastity and the sacredness of the functions by which the
+race is recreated and preserved. The religious feelings that our bodies
+are to be kept pure, healthy, and holy in every way as the temples of
+the Holy Ghost cannot be too early instilled into the infant mind, which
+is open to the highest sentiments of veneration, devotion, and heroic
+religion. In youth there are the same motives. Indulgence in solitary
+vice is self-destructive of all that youth most values&mdash;a profanation of his
+own body.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SEDUCTION</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is a desecration of what he should hold in the most tender reverence. To
+the young man, womanhood should be sacred, and every woman, mother,
+sister, beloved of the present or the future, should never be wronged by
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span>one thought of impurity. In this matter instinct goes with right. The
+inward voice supports the outer law of morality. Before men can become
+bad, their instinctive modesty must be broken down. Unless very
+badly born, with disordered amativeness, hereditary from a diseased and
+lustful parentage, they must be perverted and corrupted before they can
+act immodestly and impurely.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WOMEN ARE PROTECTED</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">by a strong public sentiment around them. They have the dread of
+disgrace. For them to yield to their own affectionate desires, or the
+solicitations of a lover, is a fall, is ruin. They have the hope of a loving
+husband, a happy home, and the respect of society. And in woman
+passion has commonly less force, and the sentiment of modesty and
+purity more power. Women are weak in yielding to solicitation, giving</p>
+
+
+<h5>EVERYTHING FOR LOVE;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">but we see how protective of female virtue are these motives to vast
+numbers.</p>
+
+<p>Men can perfectly restrain the sensual part of their natures whenever
+they have a strong motive to do so. A child would be simply mad
+who was not controlled by the presence of father, mother, and persons he
+respected or feared. Young men have no difficulty when they are in
+the company of pure women. They are in no trouble when their lives are
+full of mental and muscular activity, and particularly if their habits of
+eating simply and temperately, of refraining from heating and exciting
+stimulants, and sleeping in cold beds and fresh air, are such as health
+requires. There needs but the strong will to live purely in any one, and
+at any age, the will that comes from the high motives of conscience and
+religion, or all motives combined. A strong sense of what is just and
+right controls even the motions of our bodies and actions which seem to
+be involuntary. A man who has a vivid sense of the right and duty of
+refraining from sensuality, and preserving his own purity of mind and
+body and the chastity of all women, will do so even in his dreams.
+When the will is right, all things are soon brought into its subjection.
+The mind controls the organization, and the life forces are directed into
+other channels. A strong man, full of</p>
+
+
+<h5>LIFE AND LOVE,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">can safely hold a virgin in his arms, and respect her virginity, if he have
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>but the motives and the will to do so. If he be pure in his will, how can
+he commit impurity? If a woman be sacred in his eyes, how can he
+profane her? It is not that men have not the power of restraint, the
+power to do right; it is that they lack the motive. They have lost the
+sense of right; they are even impelled to do wrong by the pressure of
+opinion around them. Boys and young men are driven into libertinage
+by the ridicule of their companions. Vice is considered manly. They
+seek sensuality in an evil emulation, as they learn to smoke, or gamble, or
+drink; and, later on, vanity has often more to do with excess than the
+force of lust. Young men seduce girls that they may boast of it. They
+keep mistresses because it is the fashion. They exhaust themselves
+because they wish to give a high idea of their manly powers. Even in
+marriage, women are injured and have their health destroyed by yielding
+weakly, or from</p>
+
+
+<h5>A FALSE SENSE OF DUTY,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">to a husband whose own motive is the desire to acquit himself manfully
+in what he considers his marital duties. Men and women are, in thousands
+of cases, wretched victims to what they imagine to be the wants or
+expectations of each other. A man, ignorant of the nature of women
+and the laws of the generative function, goes on in a process of miserable
+exhaustion, to please his wife. She submits, sometimes in pain, often in
+disgust, weariness, and weakness, to what she dare not, from</p>
+
+
+<h5>LOVE OR FEAR,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">refuse. Men have to know what is right and to will to be right. This
+will is omnipotent. God helps those who have the will, who have even
+the desire, to do right.</p>
+
+<p>If the presence of those we fear or reverence, respect or love,
+restrain us from sin and stimulate us to right action, faith in the existence
+and presence of God and angels, and the spirits of the departed, must
+have a more powerful and pervading influence. No one who really
+believes in the existence of a Supreme Being, no one who is strongly
+impressed with the reality of a spiritual life, can go on doing what he
+knows to be wrong. A religious faith is therefore the most powerful of
+all restraints from evil and incitement to good.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>MARRIAGE.</h3>
+
+
+<h5>WHAT IS MARRIAGE?</h5>
+
+<p>Marriage is in law the conjugal union of man with woman, and is the
+only state in which cohabitation is considered proper and irreprehensible.
+The marriage relation exists in all Christian communities, and is considered
+the most solemn of contracts, and, excepting in Protestant countries, it is
+regarded as a sacrament. In some countries its celebration falls under the
+cognizance of ecclesiastical courts only, but in the United States it is
+regarded as merely a civil contract, magistrates having, equally with
+clergymen, the right to solemnize it, though it is usually the practice to
+have it performed by a clergyman and attended with religious ceremonies.
+Marriage, as a legalized custom, is of very ancient origin. It is doubtful
+whether even the primitive man was not governed in the intercourse of
+the sexes by some recognition of the union being confined to one chosen
+one. No greater promiscuity can certainly be supposed than occurs in
+the lower animals, where pairing is the law. The nobler animals, as the
+lion, elephant, etc., never have but one mate, and even in case of death
+do not remate. As men advanced, civil codes were inaugurated and
+certain protection given to the choice of the parties. The earliest civil
+code regulating marriage, of which we have any account, was that of
+Menes, who, Herodotus tells us, was the first of the Pharaohs, or native
+Egyptian kings, and who lived about 3,500 years before Christ. The
+nature of his code is not known.</p>
+
+<p>The Biblical account extends further back, but it does not appear
+that any laws existed regulating marriage, but each one was allowed to
+choose his wife and concubines, and it is supposed that common consent
+respected the selection. Next, Moses gave laws for the government of
+marriage among the Israelites. The early Greeks followed the code of
+Cecrops, and the Romans were also governed in their marital relations by
+stringent laws. In fact, the necessity of some law regulating the intercourse
+between the sexes must have become very apparent to all nations
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>or communities at a very early period. It certainly antedates any legal
+regulations with regard to the possession of property. It is very probable
+that every community did by common consent afford to each male one or
+more females, and the presumption is that such choice or assignment, as
+the case may have been, was respected by common agreement as inviolable.
+It is doubtful if ever promiscuity was the law or privilege with any
+community of men, even in their primitive state. The possession of reason
+is antagonistic to such a belief; and man was most probably elevated
+above the beast by the faculty of reason in this respect as in others.
+Promiscuous indulgence is always evidence of debauchery, and a
+departure from that natural course which is prompted by an innate sense
+of propriety characterizing mankind. The law is very indefinite with
+regard to what constitutes a legal marriage. It is an unsettled question,
+both in England and this country, whether a marriage solemnized by
+customary formalities alone is legal, or if one characterized by the mere
+consent of the parties is illegal. The latter has been held as legal in some
+instances in both countries. Kent, in his &#8220;Commentaries,&#8221; lays down the
+law that a contract made so that either party recognizes it from the moment
+of contract, and even not followed by cohabitation, amounts to a valid
+marriage, and also that a contract to be recognized at some future period,
+and followed by consummation, is equally valid. It is unfortunate that
+the law is so undecided in this respect. The decisions arrived at, for
+or against, were not dependent upon any recognized law, but seem to be
+influenced by the character of the cases, either for favor or discountenance.
+As long as the law recognizes cohabitation legal only in marriage, it seems
+to me that if consummated under consent of the parties to bear marital
+relations with each other, or promise of marriage, the act should be
+unhesitatingly pronounced as the equivalent of a valid marriage in all
+instances. If cohabitation is only a marital prerogative, the law should not
+stultify itself by recognizing it as possible to occur in any other relation.
+If either of the parties is married, the law defines it as adultery, and
+very properly defines the punishment. It is necessary to the progress of
+the age that some such principle should be recognized in common law so
+as not to subject the decision of the question to the individual opinion of
+any judge. It would at once obviate the confusion of sentiment now held
+in regard to it and besides arrest the decision in test cases from mere
+caprice of the tribunal. It is certainly as correct a principle as any in
+common law, and would, in its operations as a statute law, be free from
+injustice, and capable of doing much good.</p>
+
+
+<h5>POLYGAMY&mdash;WHAT IT IS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Polygamy is a state in which a man has at the same time more than
+one wife. It has existed from time immemorial, especially among the
+nations of the East. The custom was tolerated by the laws of Moses,
+and, in fact, no positive injunction against it is found in the whole of the
+Old Testament. It is questionable whether more than one was recognized
+as the <i>bona fide</i> wife, the others simply being wives by right of
+concubinage. But if polygamy was in its strictest sense the legal custom,
+it soon grew unpopular, for no trace of it is met in the records of the
+New Testament, where all the passages referring to marriage imply monogamy
+as alone lawful. The custom has been almost universal in the
+East, being sanctioned by all the religions existing there. The religion
+of Mohammed allows four wives, but the permission is rarely exercised
+except by the rich.</p>
+
+<p>In Christian countries polygamy was never tolerated, the tenets of
+the Church forbidding it, though Charlemagne had two wives, and Sigbert
+and Chilperich also had a plurality. John of Leyden, an Anabaptist
+leader, was the husband of seventeen wives, and he held that it was his
+moral right to marry as many as he chose.</p>
+
+<p>In England the punishment of polygamy was originally in the hands
+of the ecclesiastics. It was considered a capital crime by Edward I., but
+it did not come entirely under the control of the temporal power until a
+statute of James I. made it a felony, punishable by death. George III.
+made it punishable by imprisonment or transportation for seven years.</p>
+
+<p>It is the offspring of licentiousness, and its advocates merely wish to
+give legal color to licentious habits. Every student of history will find
+that as soon as a nation became morally depraved, polygamy was practiced,
+and that monogamy was the rule in all countries truly civilized.</p>
+
+<p>Polygamy has, of late years, been most shamefully revived and outrageously
+practiced in face of law by the Mormons. They claim it as a
+religious duty, and defend the system by claiming that unmarried women
+can in the future life reach only the position of angels who occupy in the
+Mormon theocratic system a very subordinate rank, being simply ministering
+servants to those more worthy, thus proclaiming that it is a virtual
+necessity of the male to practice the vilest immorality in order to advance
+the female to the highest place in heaven.</p>
+
+<p>Mormonism is a religion founded by Joseph Smith, who was born in
+Sharon, E.&nbsp;V., Dec. 23rd, 1805, and killed at Carthage, Ill., June 27th,
+1844.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span>It is a most singular fact that a sect like the Mormons could have
+been established in a country peopled with such law-abiding people as of
+the United States, and maintain a system of marriage, antagonistic to the
+law and religion of the land. Neither could they have done so if they
+had not possessed two great virtues, temperance and industry. It is to
+be hoped that the legal process now instituted for its abolition will effectually
+remove the blot from the national escutcheon.</p>
+
+<p>The &#8220;Oneida Communists&#8221; are essentially polygamic, although they
+have no marriage system. They do not marry, and ignore all marriage
+codes. Cohabitation is under no restrictions between the sexes. Marriage
+is also not observed among the &#8220;Shakers.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<h5>MONOGAMY&mdash;WHAT IT IS.</h5>
+
+<p>This is the conjugal union of a male with one female only. We
+have seen that monogamy was coequal with civilization, and that most
+probably the majority of the males had but one wife, even among
+polygamic nations. Universal polygamy is practically impossible, the
+scarcity of females and the poverty of the males forbidding it. The
+excess of females is not so great in any country as to allow to each male
+more than one wife, except the male portion is depleted by long and
+disastrous wars. Monogamy has done more for the elevation of the
+female than any other custom of civilization. The rich could only afford
+to practice polygamy, and should the poor imitate the example it would
+necessarily subject the wives to a state of serfdom. In the economy of
+nature it is designed that the male should be the protector of the female,
+and that by his exertions the provision of food and raiment should be
+secured. In polygamous nations the female has not attained that social
+state that she has reached in countries where the male is entitled to but
+one female as his wife. Woman's highest sphere is not in the harem or
+zenana, but in that dignified state in which she is the sole connubial
+companion of but one man. It is debasing to her nature, and subversive
+of her dignity in the rank of humanity, to make her the equal only with
+others in the marital union with one male. She becomes only the true,
+noble and affectionate being when she is conscious of a superiority to
+others in the connubial companionship with her accepted one. The
+female bird chirps but for her single mate, and she is pugnaciously
+monogamic, as well as virtuous, allowing neither male or female at or
+near her home. The spirit of independence she gains by being the mate
+of but one male gains for her the victory over the intruders.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>The physical and mental welfare of the female is also dependent
+upon monogamic marriage. We have demonstrated that temperate indulgence
+is conducive to the sanitary condition of the sexes, and that absolute
+abstinence is opposed to the designs of nature. It is also evident
+that the male is not endowed with greater power, vigor or capacity than
+the female; therefore, confinement or limitation of the congress to the
+companionship of one male with one female, as in monogamic marriage,
+gives the healthy balance to the marital union. The polygamic husband
+must either suffer from the consequences of excessive indulgence or his
+wives from poverty of sexual gratification; probably both would be the
+case.</p>
+
+
+<h5>POLYANDRY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is equally as proper as polygamy, yet it never in the history of man
+obtained a foothold. The system is more logical than polygamy, because
+the wife's dependence would be distributed between two or more husbands,
+in which case she would be better insured against poverty and
+her support would be guaranteed by greater probability.</p>
+
+<p>We have now described the history and aspect of the two customs,
+and will conclude the subject by remarking that a man is morally and
+physically entitled to but one wife, and that a plurality is a great wrong to
+the female and in total opposition to the ordinance of nature. Wherever
+polygamy is the custom the female is held in slavish subjection. It
+only prospers in proportion to the ignorance of the sex. Intelligent and
+civilized woman will always rebel against such debasement and servitude.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MARRIAGE CUSTOMS.</h5>
+
+<p>It would probably be interesting to many to describe the marriage
+ceremonies observed by different nations, but to enter into a descriptive
+detail would occupy too much space. It is sufficient to say that while
+some wives are wooed and won, others are bought and sold; while in
+some countries the husband brings the wife to his home, in others, as in
+Formosa, the daughter brings her husband to her father's house, and he is
+considered one of the family, while the sons, upon marriage, leave the
+family forever. In civilized countries, the ceremonies are either ministerial
+or magisterial, and are more or less religious in character; while in
+others, less civilized, the gaining of a wife depends upon a foot-race, in
+which the female has the start of one-third the distance of the course, as
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span>is the custom in Lapland. In Caffraria, the lover must first fight himself
+into the affections of his ladylove, and if he defeats all his rivals she
+becomes his wife without further ceremony. Among the Congo tribes, a
+wife is taken upon trial for a year, and if not suited to the standard of
+taste of the husband, he returns her to her patents. In Persia, the wife's
+status depends upon her fruitfulness; if she be barren, she can be put
+aside. In the same country they have also permanent marriages and
+marriages for a certain period only&mdash;the latter never allowed to exceed
+ninety years.</p>
+
+<p>In fact, the marriage ceremonies differ in nearly all countries. To
+us some may appear very absurd, and yet our customs may be just as
+amazing to them. It matters but little how a conjugal union is effected
+so long as sanctioned by law or custom and it obligates the parties, by
+common opinion, to observe the duties pertaining to married life.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE BASIS OF A HAPPY MARRIAGE.</h5>
+
+<p>The state of conjugal union should be the happiest in the whole of
+the existence of either man or woman, and is such in a congenial marriage.
+Yet in the history of very many marriages contentment or happiness
+is palpably absent and an almost insufferable misery is the heritage
+of both parties. It is therefore important that previous to the marital
+union the parties should take everything into consideration that fore-shadows
+happiness after marriage, as well as everything calculated to
+despoil conjugal felicity.</p>
+
+<p>The first requisite of congenial marriage is love. Without being
+cemented by this element the conjugal union is sure to be uncongenial.
+It is the strongest bond, the firmest cord, uniting two hearts inseparably
+together. Love for the opposite sex has always been a controlling influence
+with mankind. It is the most elevating of all the emotions and
+the purest and tenderest of all sentiments. It exerts a wonderful power,
+and by its influence the grandest human actions have been achieved. Of
+what infinite worth it is to either sex to be compensated with a worthy
+and satisfying love, and how ennobling to the impulses and actions it is
+to bestow the sentiment upon one worthy to receive and willing to return.</p>
+
+
+<h5>LOVE IS THE MAINSPRING</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">that regulates the harmony of conjugal life, and without it there is a void
+in the machinery, productive only of jars, convulsive movement, and a
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>grating and inharmonious action. The soul yearns for love and to love,
+and unless the desire is compensated human life is a blank and becomes
+a purposeless existence. Love ever stimulates the good and suppresses
+the bad, if kept in a proper channel and guided by pure affections.</p>
+
+<p>Another requisite of a happy marriage is health. No person has a
+moral right to engage in wedlock who cannot bring to his partner the
+offering of good health.</p>
+
+<p>Another consideration is <i>evenness of temper</i>. In the wooing days
+everyone is a lamb, and only becomes the howling wolf after marriage.
+Circumstances that ruffle the temper in the presence of the intended are
+but like the harmless squib, but would become like the explosive torpedo
+in his or her absence or in after-marriage. Quarreling caused by matrimonial
+differences is the most frequent cause of infelicity, and most of
+it is caused by an innate irate temper of either husband or wife.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>tastes</i> should not be dissimilar. Some of them may be unimportant,
+but others are a fruitful source of disagreement. The social wife
+will never be contented with the unsocial husband, and the gay husband,
+though his gayety may not be commendable, will always accuse his wife
+if she lacks a social disposition to a great extent. The religious wife will
+never excuse a tendency to irreligion in her husband, and though he may
+be far from being immoral, she is unhappy if he does not participate in
+her devotions. The one devoted to children will never be happy with
+one having a natural repugnance for them. In this way we might multiply
+facts illustrative of the importance of an investigation into the similarity
+of taste previous to marriage. Great love, however, overcomes
+almost every obstacle.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE PARTIES SHOULD BE NEARLY OF ONE AGE.</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">The husband should be the elder. The union of the old husband to the
+young wife, or the reverse, is seldom a happy one. It is seldom that
+such a marriage occurs in which the incentive is not the wealth of either
+of the parties.</p>
+
+<p>Marriages are usually contracted to gratify various desires, as love,
+fortune or position. The results are more truthfully stated by an eminent
+divine in the following:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Who marries for love, takes a wife; who marries for fortune, takes
+a mistress; who marries for position, takes a lady.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>To a man there is but one choice that he can rationally make, a
+marriage of love. My female readers, I hope, will decide rather to wed
+a husband than the master or the elegant gentleman.</p>
+
+<p>A little foresight, a little prudence, and a little caution will prevent
+in most cases the entrance into a marriage which, by the very nature of
+the alliance, is certain to be an unhappy and improper one.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>PREGNANCY&mdash;LABOR&mdash;PARTURITION.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman
+than that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">are various. Many females are troubled with colic pains, creeping of the
+skin, shuddering, and fainting fits immediately on conception taking
+place. Where such symptoms occur immediately after connection, they
+are a certain indication of impregnation.</p>
+
+
+<h5>A REMARKABLE CHANGE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">takes place in the face in most cases, varying in time from three days to
+three months. The eyes are dull and heavy, and present a glassy
+appearance; the nose pinched up; the skin becomes pale and livid, and
+the whole countenance appears as if five or ten years' advance in life had
+been taken at a single step.</p>
+
+<p>Another important and remarkable sign, and one the most to be
+relied on, is an increase in the size of the neck. This often occurs at a
+very early period, and many females, by keeping a careful daily measurement
+of the neck, can always tell when they are pregnant.</p>
+
+<p>A suppression of the menstrual flow is another strong presumptive
+sign. It is true a partial flow of the menses often occurs after pregnancy,
+from the lower part of the womb, but when the flow is suddenly stopped
+without any apparent cause, pregnancy is generally the predisposing
+cause.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SOON AFTER CONCEPTION</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">the stomach often becomes affected with what is called morning sickness.
+On first awaking, the female feels as well as usual, but on rising from her
+bed qualmishness begins and perhaps while in the act of dressing
+retching and vomiting takes place.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>This symptom may occur almost immediately after conception, but
+it most frequently commences for the first time between two and three
+weeks after. Now and then it is experienced only during the last six
+weeks or two months of pregnancy, and subsides about the time the
+movements of the child begin to be felt.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CHANGES IN THE BREAST</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">are generally considered as strong signs of pregnancy. When two
+months of pregnancy have been completed, an uneasy sensation of
+throbbing and stretching fullness is experienced, accompanied by
+tingling about the middle of the breasts, centering in the nipples. A
+sensible alteration in their appearance soon follows, they grow larger
+and more firm. The nipple becomes more prominent, and the circle
+around its base altered in color and structure, constituting what is called
+the areola, and as pregnancy advances milk is secreted.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE PERIOD OF GESTATION,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">at which these changes may occur, varies much in different females.
+Sometimes, with the exception of the secretion of the milk, they are
+recognized very soon after conception; in other instances, particularly in
+females of a weakly and delicate constitution, they are hardly perceptible
+until pregnancy is far advanced or even drawing toward its termination.</p>
+
+<p>The changes in the form and size of the breasts may be the result of
+causes unconnected with pregnancy. They may enlarge in consequence
+of marriage, from the individual becoming stout and fat or from
+accidental suppression of the monthly flow.</p>
+
+<p>The changes which take place in the nipple, and around its base,
+are of the utmost value as an evidence of pregnancy.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ABOUT THE SIXTH OR SEVENTH WEEK</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">after conception has taken place, if the nipple be examined it will be
+found becoming turgid and prominent, and a circle forming around its
+base, of a color deeper in its shade than rose or flesh color, slightly
+tinged with a yellowish or brownish hue, and here and there upon its
+surface will be seen little prominent points from about ten to twenty in
+number. In the progress of the next six or seven weeks these changes
+are fully developed, the nipple becoming more prominent and turgid than
+ever, the circle around it of larger dimensions, the skin being soft,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span>bedewed with a slight degree of moisture, frequently staining the linen in
+contact with it; the little prominences of larger size, and the color of the
+whole very much deepened.</p>
+
+<p>Calculations of the</p>
+
+
+<h5>DURATION OF PREGNANCY,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">founded upon what has been observed to occur after casual intercourse,
+or perhaps a single act, in individuals who can have no motive to tell us
+what is false, are likely to be correct. The conclusion drawn from these
+is, that labor usually, but not invariably, comes on about 280 days after
+conception, a mature child being sometimes born before the expiration of
+the forty weeks, and at other times not until that time has been exceeded
+by several days. A case is on record where the pregnancy lasted 287
+days. In this case the labor did not take place until that period had
+elapsed from the departure of the husband for the East Indies, consequently
+the period might have been longer than 287 days.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CHILDBIRTH IS A NATURAL PROCESS,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and however complicated and painful habits or disease have made it, yet
+the work must be left to nature. Any efforts to assist or hurry matters
+will only end in harm. The only cases where interference is justifiable is
+where her powers are exhausted or some malformation exists or malpresentation
+occurs. When labor is about to commence, the womb descends
+into the bottom of the belly and the motions and weight of the child will
+be felt much lower down than usual. If in a natural position the head
+will fall to the mouth of the womb and press upon it. This drives
+forward the membranes which retain the water at the orifice, and at the
+proper moment they break and labor then commences.</p>
+
+<p>Labor is caused by involuntary contractions of the uterus and
+abdominal muscles. By their force the liquor amnii flows out, the head
+of the f&#339;tus is engaged in the pelvis, it goes through it, and soon passes
+out by the valve, the folds of which disappear. These different phenomena
+take place in succession and continue a certain time. They are
+accompanied with pains more or less severe, with swelling and softening
+of the soft parts of the pelvis and external genital parts, and with an
+abundant mucous secretion in the cavity of the vagina. All these circumstances,
+each in its own way, favor the passage of the f&#339;tus.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>It is proper here to remark that parturition is not necessarily either
+painful or dangerous. It is well known that women in an uncivilized
+state suffer very little pain or disablement in bringing forth children.
+Generally neither pregnancy nor labor interrupt the ordinary avocation of
+the mother, except for an hour or two at the birth itself. The suffering
+and debilitating influences that often attend childbirth now are caused by
+our unnatural modes of living and nonattention to the laws of health.
+Numerous well-authenticated instances are known where women who had
+previously suffered with severe labor in childbirth have, by attention to
+health and diet as here shown, been delivered of fine healthy children
+with comparative ease.</p>
+
+<p>From the</p>
+
+
+<h5>BEGINNING OF PREGNANCY</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">more than ordinary care should be used in taking regular exercise in the
+open air, being careful to avoid fatigue and overexertion. During the
+whole period of pregnancy every kind of agitating exercise, such as running,
+jumping, jolting in a carriage, and plunging in cold water, should be
+carefully avoided, as well as the passions being kept under perfect control.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE DIET</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">must chiefly consist of fruits and farinaceous food, as sago, tapioca, rice,
+etc. In proportion as a woman subsists upon aliment which is free from
+earthy and bony matter will she avoid pain and danger in delivery;
+hence, the more ripe fruit, acid fruit in particular, and the less of other
+kinds of food, but particularly of bread or pastry of any kind, is consumed,
+the less will be the danger and sufferings of childbirth. Nearly all kinds
+of fruit possess two hundred times less ossifying principle than bread or
+anything else made of wheaten flour.</p>
+
+<p>Honey, molasses, sugar, butter, oil, vinegar, etc., when unadulterated,
+are entirely free from earthy matter. Common salt, pepper, coffee,
+cocoa, spices, and many drugs are much worse than wheaten flour in
+their hardening and bone-forming tendency, and should therefore be avoided.
+The drink should be tea or lemonade made with water, soft and
+clear, and, when practicable, distilled.</p>
+
+<p>No mother who has adopted this mode of living but has blessed the
+knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother from needless
+terror.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>In the third month of pregnancy, but not before, the belly begins to
+enlarge or swell, and gradually increases in size till the full term of pregnancy
+is completed. Between the sixteenth and twentieth week the
+womb rises up into the belly, and the motion of the child is felt, which is
+called</p>
+
+
+<h5>QUICKENING.</h5>
+
+<p>The first time a woman is with child this sensation of quickening is
+like that of a bird fluttering within her; at other times she feels a tickling
+or pushing sensation, or the child gives a kick or a jump, and this, too,
+with so much energy as to move the petticoats, a book, or any light
+article she may have in her lap.</p>
+
+<p>It is important to remember these symptoms, and the order in which
+they occur: first, cessation of the menses; second, morning sickness;
+third, swelling and darting pains in the breast, and dark color around the
+nipples; fourth, gradual enlargement of the abdomen or belly; fifth, the
+movement of the child.</p>
+
+<p>In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, if these symptoms are present
+the woman is pregnant. Pregnant women are generally affected with
+heartburn, sickness of a morning, headache, and that troublesome disease,
+toothache, which accompanies pregnancy; all of which may usually
+be avoided by keeping the bowels gently open with seidlitz powders,
+caster oil, or pills of rhubarb, which should be taken occasionally, either
+alone or in combination with colocynth and soap. A clyster made of
+warm soapsuds will often be sufficient if repeated every few days; or
+senna and manna; and if there is any aversion to taking medicine, give
+some simple articles, such as roasted apples, figs, prunes, or anything that
+will quiet the stomach and prevent costiveness of the bowels.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE TOOTHACHE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">often complained of by pregnant women, and which may occur at
+any period, is seldom relieved by extraction, having its seat in the adjacent
+nerves of the face or jaws, and is neuralgic. The teeth ought not
+to be drawn during pregnancy, unless urgently required, but should be
+relieved by applying hot fomentations to the face, as a camomile poultice.
+Rubbing the jaw externally with spirits of camphor or laudanum,
+or applying mustard plasters or blisters behind the ears, will afford relief.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE CRAMPS OF THE LEGS. ETC.,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">in pregnancy, caused by the pressure of the enlarged womb on the nerves,
+are often troublesome, but not attended with any danger, and may be
+speedily relieved by a change of posture, and friction, or rubbing with
+opodeldoc, spirits of camphor, or hot whisky and salt. Palpitation of the
+heart occurs frequently, and usually about the period of quickening. In
+general, it is the result of a disordered stomach and may be relieved by
+attention to diet and moderate doses of magnesia and Epsom salts, of
+equal quantities.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE PALPITATION OF THE HEART</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">may be produced by a morbid state of the nerves, and is then termed
+hysterical. Attention in all such cases should be paid to the diet, air,
+exercise, etc., with the view of improving the strength, the bowels being
+kept open by mild means. All exciting or agitating subjects should be
+carefully avoided, and the mind of the pregnant woman kept calm and
+tranquil; for the mind, in the early stages of pregnancy, exercises the
+most powerful influence over the child through life; and how many
+peculiar traits of character have been indelibly fixed upon their offspring
+from these exciting causes is evident in many families.</p>
+
+<p>When the palpitation occurs from the state of the nerves, as before
+described, producing uncomfortable feelings, a teaspoonful of the tincture
+of castor or asaf&#339;tida, with an equal quantity of compound spirits of
+lavender, mixed in a little water, will seldom fail to afford relief, which
+may, if necessary, be repeated on its recurrence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MORNING SICKNESS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is one of the most painful feelings attendant on the pregnant state, and
+it is one of those which medicine commonly fails to relieve. A cup of
+camomile or peppermint tea, taken when first awaking, and suffering the
+patient to be still for an hour, will frequently alleviate the distressing
+sickness; but should it recur during the day, and if these means fail, two
+or three teaspoonfuls of the following mixture should then be taken either
+occasionally or, when the vomiting and heartburn are more continual,
+immediately after each meal:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Take of&mdash;</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Calcined magnesia,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One dram;</td></tr>
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Distilled water,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Six ounces;</td></tr>
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Aromatic tincture of rhatany,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Six drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Water of pure ammonia,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One dram.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>Mix. The anxiety and sometimes despondency of mind&mdash;in other words,
+lowness of spirits&mdash;to which pregnant women are more or less liable
+greatly depends on the state of their general health and the natural temper
+and character of the individual; but it can be greatly aggravated,
+and may often be excited by circumstances or officious persons. Let me,
+then, urge upon you the <i>important necessity</i> of keeping the mind as tranquil
+and cheerful as possible, particularly during the first four months of
+pregnancy. A judicious course of this kind will produce the most beneficial
+and well-balanced mind in the child; while, if the contrary, a
+desponding and nervous temperament, with many other peculiarities, will
+be the consequence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SURE TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF PREGNANCY.</h5>
+
+<p>M. Nauche has found that the urine of pregnant women contains a
+particular substance, which, when the urine is allowed to stand separates
+and forms a pellicle on the surface. M. Enguiser, from an extensive
+series of observations, has confirmed the fact, and ascertained that kisteine,
+as this particular substance has been called, is constantly formed
+on the surface of the urine of women in a state of pregnancy. The urine
+must be allowed to stand for from two to six days, when minute opaque
+bodies are observed to rise from the bottom to the surface of the fluid,
+where they gradually unite and form a continuous layer over the surface.
+This layer is so consistent that it may be almost lifted off by raising it
+by one of its edges. This is the kisteine. It is whitish, opalescent,
+slightly granular, and can be compared to nothing better than the fatty
+substance which floats on the surface of soups after they have been
+allowed to cool. When examined by the microscope, it has the aspect of
+a gelatinous mass without determinate form; sometimes cubical shaped
+crystals are discovered on it, but this appearance is only observed when
+it has stood a long time, and is to be regarded as foreign to it. The
+kisteine remains on the surface for several days; the urine then becomes
+turbid, and small opaque masses become detached from the kisteine and
+fall to the bottom of the fluid and the pellicle soon becomes destroyed.</p>
+
+<p>The essential character of the urine of pregnancy, then, is the presence
+of the kisteine; and the characters of the pellicle are so peculiar
+that it is impossible to mistake it for anything else. A pellicle sometimes
+forms on the surface of the urine of patients laboring under phthisis,
+abscess, or disease of the bladder, but may be easily distinguished by
+this circumstance, that it does not form in such a short time as the kisteine,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>and that in place of disappearing, as this last, in a few days, it increases
+in thickness and at last is converted into a mass of moldiness.
+There exists, likewise, a very marked difference between its mucous
+aspect and that of kisteine; a difference which is difficult to describe, but
+which is easily recognized.</p>
+
+<p>Kisteine appears to exist in the urine from the first month of pregnancy
+till delivery. It has even been recognized in the urine of a few
+gravid animals.</p>
+
+
+<h5>&#8220;PARTURIENT BALM,&#8221;</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent"><i>For Rendering Childbirth Easy and Less Dangerous&mdash;A very Important
+Medicine.</i></p>
+
+<p>Take blue cohosh root, four ounces; lady's-slipper root and spikenard
+root, of each one ounce; sassafras bark (of root) and clover, of each half
+an ounce. Bruise all, and simmer slowly for two hours in two quarts of
+boiling water. Strain, and add one pound of white sugar.</p>
+
+<p>Dose: A wineglassful twice a day for two weeks or a month
+previous to expected confinement, for the purpose of rendering parturition,
+or childbirth, more easy.</p>
+
+<p>Should be taken by every pregnant woman.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ABORTION.</h5>
+
+<p>Abortion, or miscarriage, means, in plain language, a woman losing
+her child previous to the seventh month of her pregnancy; that is, before
+its due time. When this occurs after that period it is called</p>
+
+
+<h5>PREMATURE LABOR.</h5>
+
+<p>Miscarriage involves pain and weakness in addition to the loss of
+offspring, and is often a severe trial to the maternal constitution. It may
+occur at any period of pregnancy, but particular stages are more liable to
+the accident than others. These are generally considered to be about
+the time of the first menstruation after conception; again at the twelfth
+week, and toward the seventh month; and the liability is increased at
+those times which correspond to the menstrual period. When abortion
+has once taken place it is more likely to occur again, and some have so
+strong a tendency to it that they never go beyond a certain stage, but
+then invariably miscarry.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE CAUSE OF ABORTION<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">may exist in the constitution of the female herself, being the result of
+weakness and irritability, or of an overfull habit or a diseased condition
+of the womb; or the f&#339;tus, or child, may die or be deficient in development,
+when it is cast off like a blighted fruit. Suckling after conception
+has taken place is not infrequently a cause of miscarriage. Active
+diseases occurring during pregnancy, such as fevers, severe inflammation,
+eruptive fevers, etc., are almost certain to occasion the expulsion of the
+uterine contents. Continued diarrh&#339;a and the action of strong purgative
+medicines, particularly the aloetic, are dangerous. This is a very good
+reason for those who are pregnant avoiding all quack aperient medicines;
+they almost all contain aloes, and may be very injurious. All undue
+exertion or agitation of body or mind, sudden jerks or jumps, riding on
+horseback in the early stage, or in a shaking carriage in the latter stages
+of pregnancy, may any of them bring on miscarriage. To these may be
+added: exertion of the arms in doing anything on a level above the
+head; costive bowels and straining consequent therein; sexual
+indulgence, or, in plain language, too much connection with your
+husband; and luxurious habits. Those who have once suffered from
+abortion ought to be extremely careful during succeeding pregnancies,
+and all ought to bear in mind the possibility of the occurrence.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE SYMPTOMS OF THREATENED ABORTION</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">vary with the constitution. In the strong and plethoric it is often
+preceded by shivering and febrile symptoms and by a feeling of weight
+in the lower bowels. In the weak there is languor, faintness, flaccidity
+of the breasts, general depression, and pains in the back and loins.
+Intermittent pains, and discharge of blood from the passage, tell that the
+process has begun. If miscarriage occurs within the first month or two
+after conception, the process may be accomplished with so little inconvenience
+as to escape notice and be mistaken for a menstrual period.
+More generally, however, the severity of the pain and an unusual clotted
+discharge of blood render the case evident. The pain, the discharge,
+and, at the same time, the danger of an abortion, are in proportion to the
+advancement of the pregnancy. When a miscarriage goes on, the pains
+increase in force and frequency, and continue, with discharge of blood,
+fluid or in clots, until the ovum, or first formation of the child, is expelled;
+after which both become moderated till they cease altogether and the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>red flow gives place to a colorless one. It is very important that those
+in attendance upon the patient should examine every clot that comes
+away. If large, tear it in pieces, that they may ascertain whether the
+contents of the womb are expelled or not, for there is no safety or rest,
+where miscarriage is progressing, till it has taken place and everything
+is cast off.</p>
+
+
+<h5>AS SOON AS A FEMALE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">experiences threatenings of abortion she ought at once to retire to bed,
+upon a mattress, and keep perfectly quiet till every symptom has
+disappeared. Sometimes this simple measure, <i>promptly adopted</i>, is sufficient
+to avert the threatened evil. If there is much feeling of fullness, and
+the patient is of full habit generally, eight or a dozen leeches may be
+applied to the lower part of the bowels; if there is fever, saline medicines
+may be given, such as the common effervescing draft of carbonate of soda
+and tartaric acid or lemon juice; or, if the bowels are much confined, seidlitz
+powders, assisting the action by cold clysters, if necessary. When the
+pains are severe, particularly in the weak and irritable, twenty or thirty
+drops of laudanum should be given, and may be repeated in a few hours
+if the symptoms are not improved. In the case of profuse discharge, the
+patient should be kept very lightly covered, movement avoided, and every
+article of food or drink given cold, or iced if possible, provided the vital
+powers are not excessively reduced. Cloths dipped in cold or iced water
+should also be applied to the lower part of the body and frequently
+changed. Acid drinks, with cream of tartar, may be freely given. Ten
+or fifteen drops of elixir vitriol may be given in a wineglassful of water
+every two or three hours. Should slight faintness come on, it is better
+not to interfere with it, but use outward remedies&mdash;camphor, cold water,
+vinegar, etc.&mdash;as they maybe salutary. If it reaches to an extent to
+threaten life, stimulants, as brandy and water, and others, must
+be had recourse to. Profuse and continued discharge, though it may not
+threaten life, must occasion a weakness which will take a long time to
+overcome, and which may ultimately, if not properly attended to,
+promote the development of other diseases of the womb.</p>
+
+
+<h5>IF THE FLOODING IS PROFUSE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">and uncontrolled by the means before mentioned, one grain and a half of
+sugar of lead may be given every two or three hours, and washed down
+with a drink of vinegar and water, to which, if there is much pain, add
+from five to ten drops of laudanum.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>Pieces of linen or cotton cloth should be soaked in a strong solution
+of alum, or a decoction of oak bark; and then well oiled; with this cloth
+plug the passage or birthplace; or, some of this astringent wash may be
+thrown up with a syringe.</p>
+
+<p>But, during the time and after miscarriage, the general strength must
+be supported by a strengthening diet, such as soups, meat, etc., avoiding
+stimulants as much as possible. Nevertheless, in some cases wine or
+malt liquors may be necessary in convalescence, or when recovering, and
+if so may be assisted by tonic or strengthening medicines, such as contain
+mineral acid. Bark or iron are generally given as the most appropriate
+remedies. The bowels will, in some cases, require strict attention, as
+indeed they do throughout, and for this purpose castor oil is a good
+medicine, or clysters of cold or tepid water are most useful. A teaspoonful
+of Epsom salts dissolved in half a pint of water, either cold or slightly
+warmed, to which add fifteen drops of elixir vitriol, forms a most excellent
+and mild purgative, which should be taken before breakfast. In all
+cases where the constitution of the woman has a tendency to miscarriage
+or abortion, a quiet state of mind should be observed, avoiding all violent
+exertions, particularly lifting heavy weights. These principles of treatment
+are to be kept in mind in the management of miscarriage:</p>
+
+<p>The first, to prevent it, if possible, by rest, opiates, etc.</p>
+
+<p>The second, to allay pain, moderate the discharge of blood, and to
+save and support the strength of the patient.</p>
+
+<p>The third, when abortion must take place, to expedite the separation
+of the ovum and free the contents of the womb. This is generally done
+by simply occasionally drinking cold water, and in difficult cases, if necessary,
+by the administration of spurred rye. The dose is a strong infusion
+or tea given every twenty or thirty minutes until the desired effect is
+produced, as long as the stomach will bear it.</p>
+
+<p>The health of pregnant females should at all times be an object of
+great care and interest; and they should be impressed with the conviction
+that while</p>
+
+
+<h5>BEARING THE FIRST CHILD</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">they may, by proper care and attention, lay the foundation for their
+future health and that of their offspring; while by neglect and imprudence
+in this matter, they may not only enfeeble their constitution, but
+entail upon their children an inheritance of infirmity and disease.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>Miscarriage, or abortion, which includes all cases in which delivery
+takes place before the sixth month, seldom occurs without being preceded,
+or accompanied, or followed, by a morbid discharge of blood
+from the womb, which is commonly known by the name of <i>flooding</i>.
+Abortion, or miscarriage, takes place with the first pregnancy, and during
+the first two months; therefore, great care should be observed during
+this period, as any cause which either destroys the life of the child in the
+womb or brings on morbid or premature contractions in that organ may
+induce miscarriage. Coughing severely, or vomiting, a blow or fall, or a
+misstep leading to an effort to prevent falling, may, and does frequently,
+result in miscarriage; and this having once occurred, it is, without proper
+care, exceedingly liable to be the case again at the same period of a
+subsequent pregnancy. The same result may follow any vivid moral
+impression; for fright, or mental excitement by passion, or witnessing any
+accident, will be found often to end in miscarriage. In some healthy
+females, however, it occurs without any other cause than mere fullness of
+blood. A bleeding from the womb is often in such cases a first symptom
+of abortion, and should be attended to as early as possible before it goes
+to any considerable extent. The amount of flooding, in most cases, is in
+proportion to the early period of pregnancy at which it takes place, for
+in the latter months there is seldom much blood lost. But there are cases
+in which pregnant women will lose blood repeatedly from the womb and
+yet not miscarry, but these are very rare cases.</p>
+
+<p>In most cases, the occurrence of a woman's flooding between the
+first and fourth months, unless very slight, or quickly relieved, is usually
+followed by a miscarriage; but as soon as the child and its membranes
+are both expelled by the contraction of the womb the flooding soon
+ceases. In many such cases it is often very difficult, and sometimes
+impossible, to deliver the afterbirth and membranes, which remain and
+finally pass off after putrefaction has taken place, resulting in long and
+offensive discharges from the womb, and which, unless treated by the
+most skillful management, frequently result in many internal mischiefs of
+a serious character, such as ulcers, cancers, etc.</p>
+
+<p>In all cases, those who are constitutionally disposed to abortion, or
+have a tendency to miscarriage, should take great care to preserve a quiet
+state of mind and to avoid all violent exertion; and all active purgatives
+should be avoided, and exposure to great heat or cold, during the time of
+gestation or pregnancy.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>When the miscarriage has really taken place, and the f&#339;tus, or child,
+is expelled, together with the contents of the womb, the same precautions
+should in general be observed as in childbirth.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PREVENT MISCARRIAGE,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">when it is threatened, or on the appearance of the first symptoms, the
+patient should lie down and be as quiet as possible; live on very light
+diet; bowels be kept freely open; and an injection of thirty drops of
+laudanum should be given in half a pint of slippery elm tea. Should
+flooding be present, cold lemonade should be drank freely, and cloths
+wet with cold or ice water applied to the thighs and lower part of the
+birthplace, which should be repeated until the flooding is relieved.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MEANS OF PREVENTING ABORTION.</h5>
+
+<p>To prevent abortion, women of weak or relaxed habit should use
+solid food, avoiding great quantities of tea, coffee, or other weak or
+watery liquors. They should go soon to bed and rise early, and take
+frequent exercise, but avoid fatigue. They should occasionally take half a
+pint of the decoction of lignum-vit&aelig;, boiling an ounce of it in a quart of
+water for five minutes.</p>
+
+<p>If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet and chiefly of the
+vegetable kind, avoiding strong liquors and everything that may tend to
+heat the body or increase the quantity of blood; and when the symptoms
+appear, should take a dram of powdered nitre in a cup of water gruel
+every five or six hours.</p>
+
+<p>In both cases the patient should sleep on a hard mattress and be
+kept cool and quiet; the bowels should be kept regular by a pill of white
+walnut extract or bitterroot.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_IX" id="CHAPTER_IX"></a>CHAPTER IX.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>MENSTRUATION.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Though this is not a disease, but a healthy function, and as, from
+various causes, derangement of the function occurs, it is proper that it
+should be perfectly understood. Menstruation is the term applied to the
+phenomenon that attends the rupture of what is called the <i>Graafian
+follicles</i> of the ovaries and the discharge of an ova, or egg. It is a bloody
+discharge from the female genitals; not differing from ordinary blood,
+excepting that it does not coagulate, and in its peculiar odor. The blood
+comes from the capillaries of the womb and vagina.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MENOPHANIA, OR THE FIRST APPEARANCE</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">of the menses, is usually preceded by a discharge of a fluid whitish
+matter from the vagina, by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and
+heaviness in the loins and thighs, numbness of the limbs, and swelling
+and hardness of the breasts. The first appearance is an evidence of
+capacity for conception. It generally appears about the age of fourteen,
+but varies from nine to twenty-four years. In warm climates women
+begin to menstruate earlier and cease sooner than in temperate regions;
+in the cold climates the reverse of this holds as a general rule. The
+manifestations of approaching puberty are seen in the development of the
+breasts, the expansion of the hips, the rounded contour of the body and
+limbs, appearance of the purely feminine figure, development of the voice,
+and the child becomes reserved and exchanges her plays for the pursuits
+of womanhood.</p>
+
+<p>More or less indisposition and irritability also precede each successive
+recurrence of the menstrual flux, such as headache, lassitude, uneasiness,
+pain in back, loins, etc. The periods succeed each other usually
+about every twenty-eight days, although it may occur every twenty-two,
+twenty, eighteen, fifteen, or thirty-two, thirty-five, or forty days. The
+most important element is the regularity of the return. In temperate
+climates each menstrual period ordinarily continues from three to six
+days, and the quantity lost from four to eight ounces. The menses
+continue to flow from the period of puberty till the age of forty-five or
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>fifty. At the time of its natural cessation the flow becomes irregular,
+and this irregularity is accompanied occasionally by symptoms of
+dropsy, glandular swellings, etc., constituting the <i>critical period</i>, <i>turn</i>
+or <i>change of life</i>; yet it does not appear that mortality is increased by it,
+as vital statistics show that more men die between forty and fifty than
+women.</p>
+
+<p>It should be the</p>
+
+
+<h5>DUTY OF EVERY MOTHER</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">or female in charge of a child in whom age or actual manifestations
+suggest the approach of puberty to acquaint her with the nature of her
+visitation and the importance of her conduct in regard to it. She should
+be taught that it is perfectly natural to all females at a certain period, and
+that its arrival necessitates caution on her part with regard to exposure to
+wet or cold. The author has made the acquaintance of the history of
+many cases of consumption and other diseases which were directly
+induced by folly and ignorance at the first menstrual flow. The child is
+often kept in extreme ignorance of the liability of womanhood occurring
+to her at a certain age, and, hence, when she observes a flow of blood
+escaping from a part, the delicacy attached to the locality makes her
+reticent with regard to inquiry or exposure; she naturally becomes
+alarmed, and most likely attempts to stanch the flow by bathing or
+applying cold water to the part, thus doing incalculable mischief.</p>
+
+<p>This purely feminine physiological function should be well studied
+and understood by all females. At least, they should know that the
+phenomenon is a natural one, liable to disorder, and that the best
+interests of their general health demands care and prudence on their
+part to maintain regularity, etc., of the flow. Disregard of such a duty
+will surely entail much misery.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DELAYED AND OBSTRUCTED MENSTRUATION.</h5>
+
+<p>When the menses do not appear at the time when they may
+naturally be expected, we call it delayed or obstructed menstruation. It
+is, however, of great importance to know whether a girl is sufficiently
+developed to make it necessary for the menses to appear, although she
+may have reached the proper age. As long as the girl has not increased
+physically, if she has not become wider across the hips, if her breasts
+have not become enlarged, and if she experience none of the changes
+incident to this period, an effort to force nature is positively injurious.
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>In this case a general treatment will be called for. She should be
+required to exercise freely in the open air, retire early to bed and rise
+at an early hour in the morning. She should not be allowed to be
+closely confined to school, if attending. Her diet should be generous
+but free from all rich food, which will disorder the stomach. If, however,
+she is fully developed, and she suffers from time to time from congestions
+of the head, breast or abdomen, it will be necessary to interfere.
+The following are symptoms which will generally be found in these cases:
+Headache, weight, fullness, and throbbing in the center of the cranium
+and in the back part of the head; pains in the back and loins; cold feet
+and hands, becoming sometimes very hot; skin harsh and dry; slow
+pulse, and not infrequently attended with epilepsy.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>It is well for the patient, a few days before the period, to take a warm
+hip bath or foot bath twice a day, and at night, when retiring, to apply
+cloths wet in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p>The bowels should be kept open by some mild catharsis, as castor
+oil or a pill of aloes. If there is pain and fullness of the head during
+the discharge, or before it, use the following:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Tincture of aconite leaves,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Two drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Tincture of belladonna,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One dram;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Tincture of cantharides,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One dram;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Morphia,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Three grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Simple syrup,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Quarter ounce.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three times a day. If the pain is severe
+it may be taken every two hours.</p>
+
+<p>Between the monthly periods, if the system is weak, the following
+may be taken:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Precip. carbonate of iron,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Five drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Extract of conium,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Two drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Balsam Peru,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One dram;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alcohol,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Four ounces;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Oil wintergreen,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Twenty drops;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Simple syrup,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Eight ounces.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Dose: Two teaspoonfuls three times a day. Shake the mixture before
+using.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CHLOROSIS, OR GREEN SICKNESS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>This disease generally occurs in young unmarried females who are
+weak and delicate. It manifests itself about the age of puberty, and is
+accompanied by feeble appetite and digestion. There is no menstrual
+discharge, or else it is very slight.</p>
+
+<p>It is caused by innutritious food and residence in damp and ill-ventilated
+apartments. It may be hereditary, all the females of the family
+being liable to the same disease. Those who drink largely of tea, coffee,
+diluted acids, bad wines, and indulge in tight lacing; are predisposed
+to this disease. Among the exciting causes may be mentioned disturbing
+emotions, unrequited love, homesickness, depression of spirits, etc.
+When we take into consideration the fact that the cause of the disease is
+impoverishment of the blood, the treatment will not be difficult.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>Exercise freely in the open air; protect the body from chilliness with
+warm clothing and plenty of it. The patient should sleep on a mattress
+in a well-ventilated room. The diet should be nourishing without being
+stimulating. It is important that the habits should be regular, and the
+mind kept cheerful by society and innocent amusements. Before the
+medical treatment is commenced the exciting causes of the disease must
+be removed. A complete change must be made in the existence of the
+patient. If she is confined closely at school, she must be removed; if she
+is inclined to confine herself to the house, send her to the country.
+Picture to her the danger she is in by the continuance of such a life; give
+her plenty of outdoor exercise. The mental and moral causes are the
+most difficult to remove, but a change of scenery and new friends will do
+much towards it. For those who are shut up in factories, or who work
+all day in a stooping position, a change of employment must be made.
+A bath of tepid water in the morning, followed by a brisk rubbing, will
+be beneficial; also the frequent use of the sitting-bath, and the sponge
+bath in the evening. Active exercise should precede and follow all baths.
+During menstruation all applications of water should be omitted. The
+following remedies are recommended by a famous Philadelphian doctor.
+They are to be taken on alternate days; that is, take No. 1 one day,
+No. 2 the next day, etc.:</p>
+
+<p>No. 1.&mdash;Precip. carbonate of iron, five drams; extract of conium,
+two drams; balsam Peru, one dram; oil cinnamon, twenty drops; simple
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span>syrup, eight ounces; pulverized gum arabic, two drams. Mix. Dose:
+Two teaspoonfuls three times a day, every other day, after meals. Shake
+before using.</p>
+
+<p>No. 2.&mdash;Tincture of nux vomica, one dram; syrup iodide of iron, one
+ounce; simple syrup, four ounces. Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three
+times a day, every other day, after meals.</p>
+
+<p>Another treatment is as follows:</p>
+
+<p>Clear the bowels with the following mixture: Sulphate of magnesia,
+one ounce; nitrate of potash, ten grains; extract of liquorice, one scruple;
+compound infusion of senna, five and one-half ounces; tincture of jalap,
+three drams; spirit of sal volatile, one dram. Mix. Dose: Two or
+three tablespoonfuls at a time, at intervals of two hours until an effect is
+produced. This is to be followed by sulphate of iron, five grains; extract
+of gentian, ten grains. Make into three pills and take a pill twice a day,
+with the compound aloes or rhubarb pill every night.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PROFUSE MENSTRUATION&mdash;MENORRHAGIA:</h5>
+
+<p>By menorrhagia we understand an immoderate flow of the menses.
+There is no fixed amount of blood which is lost at the menstrual period,
+but it varies in different women. It will average, however, from four to
+eight ounces. The quantity discharged may be estimated by the number
+of napkins used. Each napkin will contain about half an ounce, or one
+tablespoonful, so that eight napkins would contain four ounces; twenty,
+ten ounces; etc. In some females the discharge may be excessive without
+impairment of the general health.</p>
+
+<p>Some females are predisposed to uterine hemorrhages, from a relaxed
+or flabby state of the texture of the uterus. Frequent childbearing,
+abortion, high living, too prolonged and frequent suckling, may induce
+flooding. Among the exciting causes we may mention overexertion,
+dancing, falls, lifting heavy weights, cold, and mental excitement.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>The patient must lie down on a hard bed, and abstain from all
+stimulating food and drinks. The room should be cool and she should
+be lightly covered with bedclothes. Soak the feet in warm water, and if
+the flowing is excessive apply cloths wrung out in vinegar and water to
+the lower bowels. The hips must be elevated higher than the head.
+Only in extreme cases should plugging be resorted to. This may be done
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span>by pieces of linen, about four inches square, thrust into the vagina until
+it is full, and a bandage applied between the legs. Cold hip baths and
+vaginal injections of cold water will be beneficial when the hemorrhage is
+slight.</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Use also the following:</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Diluted sulphuric acid,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Two drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Syrup of orange peel,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Two ounces;</td></tr>
+<tr><td style="padding-left: 2em">Cinnamon water,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One ounce.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Mix. Dose: A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water two or three
+times a day.</p>
+
+<p>If there is much pain administer the following every two or three
+hours:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Morphia,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">Quarter grain;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Cayenne,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">Four grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rosin,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">Four grains.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Mix. Give in blackberry syrup.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PAINFUL MENSTRUATION&mdash;MENSTRUAL COLIC&mdash;DYSMENORRHEA.</h5>
+
+<p>Dysmenorrhea means a difficult monthly flow, and is always preceded
+by severe pains in the back and lower part of the abdomen. It
+is caused by taking cold during the period; fright, violent mental
+emotions, obstinate constipation, sedentary occupations, smallness of the
+mouth and neck of the womb. Females subject to this trouble are
+generally relieved by marriage. The symptoms are severe bearing-down
+pains in the region of the uterus, like labor pains; restlessness, coldness,
+flashes of heat, with headache; aching in the small of the back, lower
+part of the abdomen, and thighs; the discharge is scanty, and contains
+shreds of fiber and clotted blood.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>The patient should immediately go to bed and cover up warmly.
+Stimulating food and drinks should be avoided. Use a warm foot bath
+and sitting-bath, with hot poultices of hops or cloths wet in hot water
+applied to the abdomen.</p>
+
+<p>In the interval of the menses, take active exercise, with a tepid hip
+bath three nights in the week, injecting some of the water high up in the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>vagina. Keep the bowels open by a pill of aloes and myrrh, and take
+a small teaspoonful of the volatile tincture of guiacum three times a day,
+in water. On the approach of the period, take the following at night:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Calomel,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Three grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Opium,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One grain.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">In the morning a dose of caster oil, and on the appearance of the menses,
+the Dover's Powder and mixture as before. Repeat this treatment, in
+each interval, until permanently relieved.</p>
+
+<p>The following is recommended by an eminent physician, to be taken
+a few days before the period:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Acetous tincture of colchicum,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Three drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Magnesia,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One dram;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sulphate of magnesia,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Three drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Distilled mint or cinnamon water,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Four ounces.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Mix. Dose: A small wineglassful every two or three hours until
+it operates. This should be preceded the night before by a small dose
+of blue pill.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES&mdash;AMENORRH&#338;A.</h5>
+
+<p>By suppression is meant a disappearance of the menses after they
+have become established, and may be either acute or chronic. It is
+caused by cold caught during the flow, by exposure to night air or by
+wetting the feet; fear, shocks, violent mental emotions, anxiety, fevers
+and other acute diseases. Chronic suppression may be either a consequence
+of the acute, or caused by delicate health; also, from diseases of
+the ovaries or womb. It may also be occasioned by an imperforate
+hymen, in which case it must be cut open by a physician.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>When the suppression is caused by some disease in the system, that
+disease must be cured before the menses will return. For sudden suppression,
+use the warm sitting-bath or foot bath. Apply cloths wet in
+warm water to the lower part of the abdomen, and drink freely of warm
+water. If the suppression is chronic and the patient is delicate, in the
+interval between the menses use the shower or the full bath of cold or
+tepid water, rubbing the body briskly with a coarse towel, especially
+around the abdomen, loins, and genital organs.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span>As soon as the discharge has ceased, a warm hip bath will generally
+bring it on. If there is much inflammation of the uterus give the following:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Tincture aconite leaves,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Two drams;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sweet spirits of nitre,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">One ounce;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Simple syrup,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Three ounces.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Dose: One teaspoonful every two or three hours.</p>
+
+<p>If the discharge cannot be brought on, wait until the next period.
+A few days before the term the bowels should be freely opened and kept
+open until the period for the discharge has arrived. A pill of aloes and
+iron is one of the best that can be given. Give from one to three pills
+daily. If there is no evident reason for the discharge not appearing,
+such as pregnancy, inflammation of the neck of the womb, and the
+woman is suffering from the suppression, use the following:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Caulophyllin,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">One dram;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Extract aconite,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">Eight grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Aloes,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">Ten grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sulphate of iron,</td><td style="padding-left: 9em">Ten grains.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Make into forty pills. Dose: Two or three pills, taken night and
+morning.</p>
+
+<p>The remedies should always be taken a few days before the period
+arrives for the menses. If the chronic suppression is the result of any
+acute disease, the health must first be re-established, otherwise it would
+be wrong to force the menses. When this has been done, immediately
+before the return of the period a warm hip bath should be taken every
+night for six nights, and one of the following pills taken three times a day:</p>
+
+<table summary="recipe">
+<tr><td>Fresh powdered ergot of rye,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Fifty grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Barbadoes aloes,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Twelve grains;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Essential oil of juniper,</td><td style="padding-left: 6em">Twelve drops.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">Make into twelve pills with syrup or mucilage, washing down each pill
+with a cupful of pennyroyal tea.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CESSATION OF THE MENSES&mdash;CHANGE OF LIFE.</h5>
+
+<p>By the phrase, &#8220;change of life,&#8221; or, the critical period, we understand
+the final cessation, or stoppage, of the menses. It usually takes place
+between the ages of forty and fifty, although in some cases it may occur
+as early as thirty, and in others not until sixty. However, we can expect
+the change about the forty-fifth year.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>The symptoms will vary according to the constitution of the woman.
+In some the change occurs by the discharge gradually diminishing in
+quantity; in others, by the intervals between the periods being lengthened.
+A woman may pass this period without having any more unpleasant
+symptoms than an occasional rush of blood to the head, or a headache.
+Others, however, may have very severe symptoms arise, which will
+require the care of an intelligent physician. These disagreeable sensations
+should receive a careful consideration and not be hushed up with
+the reply that these complaints arise from the &#8220;change of life&#8221; and will
+vanish whenever that change takes place. The foundation of serious
+trouble may be laid which will make the remainder of her existence a
+burden and cut short a life which might have been conducted to a good
+old age. While this change is in progress, in probably the majority of
+cases there is more or less disturbance of the health. It is sometimes
+quite impossible to say exactly what is the trouble with the patient, except
+that she is out of health. The following are some of the symptoms which
+may arise: Headache, dizziness, biliousness, sour stomach, indigestion,
+diarrh&#339;a, piles, costiveness, itching of the private parts, cramp and
+colic of the bowels, palpitation of the heart, swelling of the limbs and
+abdomen, pains in the back and loins, paleness and general weakness.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>Eat and drink moderately; sleep in airy, well-ventilated rooms;
+exercise daily in the open air, either by walking or riding; avoid violent
+emotions; shun exposure to wet, stormy weather, wet feet, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Keep the bowels regulated with the following:</p>
+
+<p>Mercurial pill, one grain; ipecac powder, one-half grain; compound
+rhubarb pill, three grains. Mix for a pill to be taken every night.</p>
+
+<p>Or, one ounce of hicra picra, or powdered aloes with castella, mixed
+in a pint of gin, which should stand for four or five days, after which a
+tablespoonful in a glass of water may be taken every morning or second
+morning, as the case may be.</p>
+
+<p>If the patient is large and fleshy, of full habit, the following is
+recommended:</p>
+
+<p>Sulphate of magnesia, one and one-half ounces; compound infusion
+of roses, five ounces; cinnamon water, one ounce. Mix, Dose: Two
+tablespoonfuls once a day.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>If there are nervous symptoms prominent, give valerianate of zinc,
+eight grains; tincture of valerian, two drams; orange flower water, three
+and a half ounces; syrup of red poppies, two drams. Mix. Dose: A
+tablespoonful every six hours.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FALLING OF THE WOMB<br />
+<i>(Prolapsus uteri).</i></h5>
+
+<p>Falling of the womb is simply a sinking down of the organ, and may
+be so slight as not to be noticed or so great that the organ will protrude
+between the legs through the external opening. It is not a disease of the
+womb itself, but of some of its supports.</p>
+
+<p>So long as the vagina retains its natural size and the ligaments are
+but two and a half inches long the organ will not be displaced. Whatever
+tends to relax and weaken the system may cause the complaint. The
+muscles of the abdomen which support the intestines being weakened
+from any cause will allow the intestines to press down upon the womb
+and its ligaments, and, in consequence of this constant pressure, they give
+way. Another cause is too early exercise after childbearing. Flooding
+and leucorrh&#339;a, or whites, if allowed to continue for a long time, will
+produce it; in delicate females, continued running up and down stairs,
+also tight lacing, dancing, leaping, and running, particularly during the
+period of menstruation, when the womb is increased in weight by the
+blood contained in it. The use of medicines to loosen the bowels, which
+is very common among many, is still another cause of the disorder.</p>
+
+<p>Most females who are troubled with falling of the womb think that
+it is necessary to a cure that they should wear some kind of a support to
+the abdomen. These supporters, however, do a vast amount of harm, for
+by being worn tightly around the abdomen they increase the pressure on
+the bowels, thus forcing down, more and more, the womb and its appendages.
+All that is necessary is to raise up the womb to its natural position,
+and use an instrument that will keep it in place. This instrument is called
+a pessary. This pessary is a ring or hollow cup-shaped globe, made of
+gold, silver, ivory, wood or gutta-percha, and is placed in the vagina or
+birthplace, thus supporting the womb. The cold hip bath should be
+used once a day, at the same time injecting cold water into the vagina
+with a syringe. Lie down as much as possible, and avoid becoming
+fatigued. Apply cold bandages to the abdomen on going to bed.</p>
+
+<p>If the womb has descended to the external orifice it is often necessary
+to restore it to its natural position by pressing it upward and backward
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>by a finger or two pressed into the vagina. If the process be
+accompanied with pain, the vagina should be well washed by injections
+of thick flax seed or slippery elm bark tea for a day or two before the
+astringent washes are used.</p>
+
+<p>Avoid tight corsets and heavy skirts, suspend the under-garments
+from the shoulders and not from the waist, as is usually done. Use plain
+vegetable diet, and avoid tea, coffee, spirituous drinks, and all sensual
+indulgences. Allow the clothes to be loose. These things must be
+attended to closely. The diet should be plain and nourishing, but not
+stimulating.</p>
+
+<p>Use an injection of an infusion of white oak bark, geranium, or a
+solution of alum, in the proportion of one ounce to the pint of water. If
+there is inflammation of the womb, this must be subdued before using the
+pessary. Give tincture of aconite, compound powder of ipecac and
+opium, with injections of an infusion of hops and lobelia, or an infusion
+of belladonna.</p>
+
+<p>If there is heat and difficulty in passing water, drink an infusion of
+marsh mallow and spearmint. If the patient is weak, give the following
+tonic:</p>
+
+<p>Sulphate quinine, twenty-five grains; citrate of iron (soluble), thirty-five
+grains. Make into twenty-four powders. Take a powder three
+times a day, after each meal, in sweet wine.</p>
+
+
+<h5>LEUCORRH&#338;A&mdash;WHITES&mdash;FLOUR ALBUS.</h5>
+
+<p>The word leucorrh&#339;a is derived from two Greek words, and means
+literally a &#8220;white discharge.&#8221; It is also known as &#8220;flour albus,&#8221;
+&#8220;whites,&#8221; and &#8220;female weakness,&#8221; and consists of a &#8220;light colorless
+discharge from the genital organs, varying in hue from a whitish or colorless
+to a yellowish, light green, or to a slightly red or brownish; varying
+in consistency from a thin, watery, to a thick, tenacious, ropy substance;
+and in quantity from a slight increase in the healthy secretion to several
+ounces in the twenty-four hours.&#8221; This discharge generally occurs
+between the ages of fifteen and forty-five, seldom during infancy or old
+age. When it occurs in young female children, it will not infrequently be
+produced by the presence of pinworms in the vagina, which make their
+way there from the rectum. There will be intense itching of the parts,
+and the worms can be removed with a small piece of cloth, after separating
+the lips.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span>This disease may be either acute or chronic. The acute form
+generally results from taking cold, and is simply a catarrhal inflammation
+of the mucous membrane lining the vagina. The chronic form is but a
+continuation of the acute, and is generally caused by the acute stage
+having been neglected or improperly treated. Ulceration of the neck of
+the womb sometimes results. There are two forms of leucorrh&#339;a:
+Vaginal leucorrh&#339;a, when the discharge comes from the walls of the
+vagina; and cervical leucorrh&#339;a, when the discharge proceeds from the
+neck of the womb.</p>
+
+<p>Causes: Taking cold from sitting on the ground, or exposure of
+the neck and shoulders; over sexual excitement, and sexual intercourse;
+tight lacing; piles, miscarriages, and abortions; displacements of the
+womb; purgatives, improper articles of diet; warm injections, or injections
+of any kind; late hours, etc. It may also be hereditary.</p>
+
+
+<h6>TREATMENT.</h6>
+
+<p>The treatment, to be successful, requires that the patient should first
+be placed in a favorable condition. Anything which tends to excite the
+disease must be avoided, as dissipations, late suppers, etc. The diet
+must be plain and nourishing without being stimulating, and be taken
+regularly. Exercise, short of fatigue, will be beneficial. The clothing
+should be warm and worn loosely, especially about the waist. Water is
+of great importance in the treatment of this trouble. The sitting-bath
+may be used every day, and injections of cold or tepid water should be
+used three or four times a day, according to the severity of the discharge.</p>
+
+<p>An injection of weak green tea will be found good in some mild
+cases, as also sweet cider or a weak solution of alum.</p>
+
+<p>One of the best tonics is the muriated tincture of iron, of which take
+twenty or twenty-five drops in half a tumbler of water three or four times
+a day. An excellent injection is made by taking three drams of tannic
+acid and an ounce of alum, dissolving in a quart of water, and inject one-third
+three times a day. The bowels should be kept open by Rochelle
+or Epsom salts, or seidlitz powder. When there is great debility of the
+organs, or when the disease has been brought on by exposure to cold,
+pregnancy, abortions, etc., the following will be found very successful:</p>
+
+<p>Tincture of aloes, two ounces; muriated tincture of iron, four drams.
+Mix. Dose: Thirty-five drops in water three times a day. At the
+same time use the following injection: Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol),
+two drams; sugar of lead, two drams. Mix in one quart of water, and
+use one-fourth for each injection.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_X" id="CHAPTER_X"></a>CHAPTER X.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>COLLECTION OF VALUABLE MEDICAL COMPOUNDS.</h3>
+
+
+<ul class="list1">
+<li>Do you have&mdash;</li>
+<li class="li2">A frequent headache over the eyes?</li>
+<li class="li2">A susceptibility to chills and fever?</li>
+<li class="li2">A bitter or oily taste in the mouth?</li>
+<li class="li2">A sour stomach?</li>
+<li class="li2">A complexion inclined to be yellow?</li>
+<li class="li2">A great depression of spirits without known cause?</li>
+<li class="li2">Specks before the eyes, and flushed face?</li>
+<li class="li2">A done out, tired feeling?</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">Besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have
+you are affected in your liver and kidneys, and should do something for
+it. The following preparation, &#8220;Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer,&#8221;
+acts on these organs and, when diseased or out of order, restores them to
+a healthy state. Everyone should keep a bottle of this preparation in
+the house, as it is an invaluable medicine. Splendid to take in the spring
+to tone up the system:</p>
+
+
+<h5>MAGIC KIDNEY AND LIVER RESTORER.</h5>
+
+<ul class="list1">
+<li>Two ounces of alcohol;</li>
+<li>One and a half ounces of glycerine;</li>
+<li>One ounce of liverwort;</li>
+<li>Three hundred and twenty grains of saltpetre;</li>
+<li>Forty drops of wintergreen.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">Steep the liverwort in a quart of water down to half the quantity, then
+throw in the other ingredients while hot. Dose: One tablespoonful
+about four times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOP BITTERS.</h5>
+
+<ul class="list1">
+<li>One ounce mandrake root;</li>
+<li>One ounce gentian root;</li>
+<li>One ounce dandelion root;</li>
+<li>One ounce buchu leaf;</li>
+<li>One ounce sarsaparilla leaf;</li>
+<li>One ounce blackberry leaf;</li>
+<li>One ounce hops.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">Infuse in cold water, three quarts, two or three days. Add a pint of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span>
+whisky, and bottle. Dose: A teaspoonful three times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ALTERATIVE, OR LIVER POWDER.</h5>
+
+<p>Take podophyllin and sanguinaria, of each ten grains; leptandrin,
+twenty grains; white sugar, forty grains. Triturate or rub the whole well
+together in a mortar and divide into twenty powders, and take one night
+and morning. If they operate much on the bowels take but one a day.</p>
+
+<p><i>Uses:</i> Valuable in liver complaint, torpidity of the liver, and as
+an alterative to act on the secretions of the system generally. A complete
+substitute for blue pill and free from any danger.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HEPATIC AND ALTERATIVE POWDER.</h5>
+
+<p>Take equal parts, say of each half an ounce, of finely powdered blue
+flag root, bloodroot, May apple root, golden seal root, and bitterroot.
+Mix all together and pass through a fine sieve. Dose: As an alterative
+and to act on the liver and secretions, from two to five grains two or
+three times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CATHARTIC AND LIVER PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take podophyllin, sixty grains; leptandrin and sanguinaria, ipecac
+and pure cayenne, each thirty grains. Make into sixty pills with a little
+soft extract of mandrake or dandelion. This is the best pill that can be
+used as a cathartic and liver pill and to act on the secretions generally.
+As a purgative the dose is from two to four pills for a grown person, and
+as an alterative and substitute for blue mass and to act on the liver, one
+pill once a day or every other day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take Socotrine aloes, two drams; colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb, and
+castile soap, each one dram; cayenne, thirty grains; oil cloves, thirty
+drops. Make into one hundred and twenty pills with extract of gentian
+or dandelion. Dose: For dyspepsia, inactive liver or costiveness, one
+or two pills once a day; as a cathartic, three to five pills at a dose. This is
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>a splendid pill. It cleanses the stomach, gives tone and energy to the
+digestive organs, restores the appetite, excites the liver and other
+secretory organs, without causing any debility.</p>
+
+
+<h6>ANOTHER ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILL.</h6>
+
+<p>Take Quevenne's powdered metallic iron, forty grains; rhubarb,
+twenty grains; extract of nux vomica, one grain. Triturate well in a
+small mortar, so as to mix them perfectly, and make into twenty pills
+with extract of boneset or gentian. Take one pill before each meal.
+This is one of the best anti-dyspeptic pills known.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DYSPEPTIC LEY.</h5>
+
+<p>Take hickory ashes, one pint; soot, three or four ounces; boiling
+water, two quarts. Pour on in a suitable vessel or crock, stir, and let
+stand, over night, then pour off clear and bottle. Dose: Half a teacupful
+three times a day, and if too strong weaken with water until palatable.
+A sure remedy for dyspepsia.</p>
+
+
+<h5>AGUE PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take quinine, twenty grains; piperine, ten grains; Dover's Powder,
+ten grains; cayenne, ten grains. Mix, pulverize, and make into
+twenty pills with a little gum arabic or extract of gentian or boneset.
+To be taken at the rate of one pill an hour when there is no fever, or
+during intermission, until twelve pills are taken, the balance to be taken
+on the third day or next well day. Good as a remedy for the chills or
+fever and ague.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CERTAIN REMEDY FOR THE AGUE OR INTERMITTENT
+FEVER.</h5>
+
+<p>Take quinine, twelve grains; ipecac and cayenne, of each six grains;
+pulverized opium, three grains. Make into twelve pills with precipitated
+extract of Peruvian bark, or if you cannot get this, use either extract of
+dogwood or boneset, sufficient to form into pill mass. Two or three
+pills to be taken every two or three hours, during the well day or intermission,
+till all are taken. A very certain and effectual remedy for the
+ague or intermittent fever.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FEVER POWDER.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Take finely pulverized gum myrrh, bloodroot, and lobelia seed, or
+ipecac, of each half an ounce; gum camphor and nitre, of each two
+drams. Pulverize, mix, and rub well together in a mortar, and bottle for
+use. Dose: Three to five grains every hour of two during fever.
+Good to allay the excitement, act on the skin and promote perspiration;
+also a good expectorant powder in coughs, colds, pneumonia, and
+oppressed breathing.</p>
+
+
+<h5>AGUE DROPS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take quinine, twenty grains; water, one ounce; sulphuric acid,
+twenty drops. Mix in a vial. Dose: A teaspoonful every hour or
+every two hours during the well day till all is taken. A certain cure for
+the ague, or chills and fever.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SICK HEADACHE PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take Socotrine aloes, gamboge, and castile soap, of each one dram;
+ipecac and scammony, of each thirty grains; oil of anise, thirty drops.
+Make into sixty pills with a little mucilage, gum arabic or extract dandelion.
+Dose: One to three pills. Useful in sick headache, habitual
+costiveness, dizziness, sour stomach, and indigestion, and may be used
+whenever a good vegetable cathartic is needed. For an attack of headache,
+take three pills, and repeat in three hours if the first does not
+operate. Will invariably give relief.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ANODYNE HEADACHE PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take extract of hyoscyamus, thirty grains; extract stramonium, ten
+grains; quinine, twenty grains; morphine, two grains. Mix well and
+make into twenty pills, adding a little powdered liquorice root, or any
+other innocent powder, if necessary, to thicken the mass. The pills are
+one of the best remedies known for nervous headache, neuralgia in the
+face or head, toothache and nervous and neuralgic pains in any part of
+the system, that I have ever used. Dose: One pill, for a grown person,
+and may be repeated every two or three hours till relief is obtained. The
+extract of belladonna may be used instead of the stramonium, in the same
+proportion, with equally good effect.</p>
+
+
+<h5>RHEUMATIC PILLS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Take jalap, colchicum seeds, and gum guaiac, of each one dram.
+Pulverize and mix veil, and make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root (or berries). The dose is one or two pills three or four times a day.
+Good in all cases of chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, and the like.</p>
+
+
+<p>ANOTHER FOR SAME.</p>
+
+<p>Take macrotin and pulverized gum guaiac, of each one dram;
+podophyllin, ten grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of poke root.
+Dose: One pill two or three times a day. An excellent pill for rheumatism
+and neuralgia.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PILLS FOR DYSENTERY.</h5>
+
+<p>Take rhubarb, ipecac, and castile soap, each thirty grains; pulverized
+opium, fifteen grains. Make into thirty pills with mucilage, gum
+arabic, or any other suitable substance. Dose: One pill every three to
+six hours for diarrh&#339;a and dysentery. After three or four are taken they
+should not be taken oftener than once in six hours.</p>
+
+
+<p>ANOTHER FOR SAME.</p>
+
+<p>Take leptandrin, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty grains; morphine,
+four grains. Mix, and triturate well in a mortar so as to mix perfectly,
+and make into twenty pills with mucilage of gum arabic. Dose: In
+dysentery and diarrh&#339;a, one pill every six to twelve hours. Two or three
+pills are generally sufficient to cure any ordinary case, if given during the
+early stage. They may be relied on in all cases and stages of bowel
+diseases, and especially in dysentery. A second pill may be given three
+hours after the first, a third six hours after the second; after that not
+oftener than once in twelve hours, and never more than one pill at a time.</p>
+
+
+<h5>EPILEPTIC PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take sulphate of zinc, sixty grains; rhubarb and ipecac, each thirty
+grains; cayenne, sixty grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of
+hyoscyamus. Dose: One pill night and morning for one week, then
+leave off for a week, and then resume again, and so on every other week.
+An important remedy, and has cured many cases of epileptic fits when
+taken in the early stages.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PILLS FOR ASTHMA.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Take powdered elecampane root, powdered liquorice root, powdered
+anise seed, and sulphur, of each one dram. Make into ordinary sized
+pills with a sufficient quantity of tar, and take three or four pills at night
+on going to bed. This is an admirable remedy for asthma and shortness
+of breath.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HYSTERIC PILLS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take asaf&#339;tida and carbonate of ammonia, of each one dram;
+pulverized opium and macrotin, of each thirty grains. Melt the first two
+articles over the fire, and then stir in the others. Mix well and make into
+sixty pills. Dose: One or two pills, in cases of hysteric fits, every two
+or three hours; also good in female nervous attacks and spasmodic
+affections.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PILLS FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take pulverized skunk cabbage root, two drams; pulverized extract
+of liquorice, one dram; sanguinaria and macrotin, of each thirty grains.
+Make into large sized pills (say from eighty to one hundred) with a sufficient
+quantity of tar, and take one pill from three to six times a day, and
+continue for several weeks if necessary. One of the best remedies known
+for chronic bronchitis, and what is sometimes called &#8220;clergyman's sore
+throat.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<h5>PILLS FOR NEURALGIA.</h5>
+
+<p>Hyoscyamus, extract of, one dram; extract of aconite, thirty grains;
+macrotin, twenty grains; morphine, five grains. Make into forty pills,
+thickening the mass, if necessary, with a little powdered liquorice or
+ginger. Dose: One pill every three hours till relief is obtained. Good
+in neuralgia and all severe nervous pains.</p>
+
+
+<h5>BLEEDING AT THE LUNGS.</h5>
+
+<p>Eat freely of raw table salt, or take a teaspoonful three or four
+times a day of equal parts of powdered loaf sugar and rosin, or boil an
+ounce of dried yellow dock root in a pint of milk. Take a cupful two or
+three times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FOR CONSUMPTION.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a teaspoonful of the expressed juice of horehound (the herb)
+and mix it with a gill of new milk. Drink it warm every morning. If
+persevered in it will perform wonders.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COUGH SYRUP.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Take horehound herb, elecampane root, spikenard root, ginseng root,
+black cohosh, and skunk cabbage root, of each a good-sized handful.
+Bruise and cover with spirits or whisky, and let stand ten days; then put
+all in a suitable vessel, add about four quarts of water and simmer slowly
+over a fire (but don't boil) for twelve hours, or till reduced to about three
+pints, then strain and add one pint of strained honey, half a pint each of
+number six, tincture lobelia, and tincture bloodroot (the vinegar or acetic
+tincture of bloodroot is the best) and four ounces of strong essence of
+anise, and you will have one of the best cough syrups known. Dose: A
+tablespoonful three to six times a day, according to circumstances. Good
+in all kinds of coughs and incipient consumption.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SOOTHING COUGH MIXTURE.</h5>
+
+<p>Take mucilage of gum arabic, oil of sweet almonds, syrup of balsam
+tolu, and wine of ipecac, of each one ounce; tincture of opium, half an
+ounce. Dose: For a grown person, one to two teaspoonfuls as often as
+required.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COUGH MIXTURE.</h5>
+
+<p>Take extract of liquorice, one ounce, powdered; nitrate of potash
+(saltpetre) and muriate of ammonia, of each two drams. Dissolve in half
+a pint of boiling water, and when cool add wine of ipecac, syrup of
+balsam tolu, and essence of anise, of each one ounce. Dose: From a
+teaspoonful to a tablespoonful several times a day. An excellent remedy
+for bronchitis, colds, and catarrhal coughs.</p>
+
+
+<h5>EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.</h5>
+
+<p>Take pulverized lobelia (seed or herb), powdered bloodroot, and
+powdered rattleroot (black cohosh), of each three ounces; alcohol and
+good vinegar, of each one pint. Digest for ten days or two weeks, then
+strain or filter and add four ounces each of wine of ipecac and tincture
+balsam of tolu and one ounce strong essence of anise. A portion of
+honey may be added if preferred. Dose: One to two teaspoonfuls
+repeated as often as circumstances require. Highly useful as an expectorant
+in coughs, colds, and all affections of the lungs.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COMPOUND TINCTURE OF MYRRH.</h5>
+
+<p>Take best gum myrrh, eight ounces; cayenne, balsam of fir, and nutmegs,
+of each one ounce; good brandy, two quarts. Bruise the solid
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>articles, and let stand two weeks to digest (shake it once or twice every
+day), then strain or filter. Or, it may be made for immediate use by
+putting the whole in a stone jug and placing this in a warm sand bath or
+in a vessel of boiling water for twenty-four hours, shaking frequently.
+Dose: A teaspoonful is an ordinary dose for a grown person. Good in
+colic, pains in the stomach and bowels, diarrh&#339;a, headache, sick stomach,
+and wherever a powerful stimulant is indicated. It is also valuable
+as a wash or external application for sprains, bruises, and foul ulcers
+and old sores. It is a preparation that no family should be without.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SURE REMEDY FOR BOWEL COMPLAINTS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take half an ounce bruised turkey rhubarb and half an ounce saleratus,
+steep or simmer slowly for fifteen minutes in a pint of water, strain
+and add a teacupful of white sugar, and heat again to dissolve; then add
+sixty drops oil of peppermint dissolved in one ounce of alcohol. Dose:
+From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every hour till relieved. An
+excellent remedy for diarrh&#339;a, dysentery, and especially adapted to the
+bowel complaints of young children.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CORDIAL FOR SUMMER COMPLAINTS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take cloves, allspice, and cinnamon bark, of each half an ounce;
+white oak bark, one ounce. Bruise all, and boil in one quart of water
+down to half a pint; strain, add four ounces white sugar, dissolve by
+melting, then add half as much good brandy as there is of the liquid.
+Dose: One, two or three teaspoonfuls three to six times a day or
+oftener, according to age and urgency of symptoms. An infallible cure
+for cholera infantum, or summer complaints of children, and for all bowel
+complaints.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SCROFULOUS SYRUP.</h5>
+
+<p>Take yellow dock root, two pounds; stillingia root and bark of
+bittersweet root, of each one pound. Boil slowly in three or four gallons
+of water down to three quarts; strain, and add six pounds of white sugar.
+Dose: Half a wineglass three times a day. A valuable remedy for
+scrofula, and all scrofulous skin diseases, as tetter, herpes, leprosy, and
+the like; also a valuable alterative in all constitutional diseases.</p>
+
+
+<h5>EYEWATER.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Take half an ounce each of green tea and lobelia herb, and tincture
+a few days in four ounces of alcohol and water, equal parts. An invaluable
+eyewater for weak eyes and all kinds of sore and inflamed eyes.
+Use it two or three times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TINCTURE FOR RHEUMATISM.</h5>
+
+<p>Take pulverized gum guaiac and allspice, of each four ounces;
+bloodroot, pulverized, two ounces; pearlash, one ounce; fourth proof
+brandy, one quart. Let stand and digest three or four days, shaking it
+two or three times a day. Dose: A teaspoonful three or four times a
+day, in a little milk, syrup or wine. An almost infallible remedy for
+rheumatism.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WORM ELIXIR.</h5>
+
+<p>Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage leaves,
+and tansy leaves, of each half an ounce. Tincture in a pint of brandy
+for two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to once a
+month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms as
+long as you do this.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DR. JORDAN'S CHOLERA REMEDY.</h5>
+
+<p>Take gum guaiac, prickly ash berries (or double as much bark of
+the root), cloves, and cinnamon bark, of each two ounces; gum camphor
+and gum myrrh, of each one ounce; gum kino, half an ounce. Reduce
+all to a coarse powder and add to one quart of best French brandy.
+Let it stand ten days or two weeks to digest, shaking the bottle two or
+three times a day to keep the ingredients from becoming impacted at the
+bottom; then strain and press out, and then take oil anise and oil
+peppermint, of each two drams; alcohol, four ounces. Mix the oils and
+alcohol together in a bottle and shake well till they are cut, then add to
+the former, and it is ready for use. Dose: From one to two teaspoonfuls
+every five, ten, fifteen or thirty minutes, according to the urgency of
+the symptoms. In cholera it should be given frequently, and if there are
+nausea and vomiting small doses are preferable; a single teaspoonful
+every five minutes till urgent symptoms are checked, then give it less
+frequently. It should always be given alone, unmixed with anything else.
+In ordinary diarrh&#339;a, one or two teaspoonfuls taken once an hour will be
+sufficient. It is also an excellent remedy for colic and pains in the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>stomach and bowels, and will generally settle the stomach very soon in
+case of vomiting or nausea. It should always be kept in the house.
+Where it is needed for immediate use, it may be made in an hour or less
+by using alcohol instead of brandy and by boiling all in a stone jug,
+uncorked, by placing the jug in a vessel of boiling water, shaking or
+stirring frequently.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PILE OINTMENT.</h5>
+
+<p>Take say a teacupful of hog's lard, put in a flat or pewter dish, and
+take two bars of lead, flattened a little, and rub the lard with the flat ends
+and between them till it becomes black or of a dark lead color. Then burn
+equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old shoeleather in an iron vessel
+till charred. Powder these and mix into the lard till it becomes a thick
+ointment. Use once or twice a day as an ointment for the piles. An
+infallible cure.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WARTS AND CORNS.</h5>
+
+<p>The bark of the common willow burnt to ashes, mixed with strong
+vinegar and applied to the parts, will remove all warts, corns, and other
+excrescences.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DEAFNESS.</h5>
+
+<p>It is seldom that the power of hearing once entirely lost can ever be
+restored, and not always that even partial deafness can be cured, though
+it may often be relieved. Partial deafness is frequently owing to the
+accumulation and hardening in the ear of the ear wax, which may generally
+be remedied by dropping into the ear such articles as are calculated to
+soften, relax, and stimulate. For this purpose the following preparations
+are recommended as the best:</p>
+
+<p>Take sulphuric ether, one ounce, and add to it one dram pulverized
+carbonate of ammonia. Let it stand a few days to form a solution. If it
+does not all dissolve, pour off carefully the liquid from the dregs, and of
+this liquid drop into the ear once a day from three to six drops. The
+patient should lay his head upon the opposite side at the time, and
+remain in that position a few minutes to allow the liquid to penetrate.
+This preparation is highly recommended, and if persevered in will, it is
+said, overcome almost any partial deafness or greatly relieve it.</p>
+
+
+<h6>ANOTHER.</h6>
+
+<p>Take pure olive oil, say one ounce, and half an ounce each of the
+tincture of lobelia and tincture of cayenne. Mix; and from a warm
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>teaspoon drop into the ear four to six drops of this twice a day, shaking
+the vial well always before using it. This is relaxing, softening, and
+stimulating, and in all ordinary cases will answer the purpose. Turkey
+oil (or grease) is said to be still better than olive oil and may be used
+instead of it in this preparation. The following remedy, long kept a
+secret, is said to be infallible where it is possible for anything to effect a
+cure:</p>
+
+<p>Take a common eel, remove the skin and intestines, and hang it up
+before the fire and let the oil drip into a pan or vessel. When done
+dripping, bottle the oil, and of this drop into the ear once a day or twice a
+day five or six drops from a warm teaspoon. I have heard remarkable
+accounts of the efficacy of this remedy, and doubt not but it is good. I
+believe it has never been published but once before. The secret was
+obtained with some difficulty from an old negro.</p>
+
+
+<h5>INVERTED TOE-NAIL.</h5>
+
+<p>This is a very troublesome and often painful affection. The edges
+or sides of the nail are disposed to turn down and grow into the flesh,
+giving rise to inflammation, ulceration, and often great pain and suffering.
+The best remedy I have ever known in this difficulty is to scrape with
+some sharp-pointed instrument, as the point of a penknife, a sort of
+groove or gutter in the center of the nail lengthways from the root
+to the end. It must be scraped down to near the quick, or as thin
+as it can be borne. This renders the nail &#8220;weak in the back,&#8221; so that it
+will gradually and ultimately turn up at the sides until the edges come
+above and over the flesh. Continue this as fast as the nail grows out and
+grows thicker, and you will eventually succeed in getting the nail in its
+proper shape and position. It will be proper to poultice if there is much
+inflammation, and also apply healing salve. If ulceration, bathe the part
+also occasionally with tinctures aloes, myrrh, and opium, equal parts
+mixed.&mdash;<i>Gunn's Domestic Physician.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XI" id="CHAPTER_XI"></a>CHAPTER XI.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span></h4>
+
+
+<h3>THINGS FOR THE SICK ROOM.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Many people are ignorant of what constitutes good, nourishing,
+refreshing food and drink for sick people. The following dishes are all
+palatable and nourishing, and are very refreshing to an invalid. Every
+one should have these recipes for &#8220;Things for the sick room&#8221;:</p>
+
+
+<h5>BARLEY WATER.</h5>
+
+<p>Pearl barley, two ounces; boiling water, two quarts. Boil to one
+quart, and strain. If desirable, a little lemon juice and sugar may be
+added. This may be taken freely in all inflammatory and eruptive diseases:
+measles, scarlet fever, small-pox, etc.</p>
+
+
+<h5>RICE WATER.</h5>
+
+<p>Rice, two ounces; water, two quarts. Boil one hour and a half, and
+add sugar and nutmeg to suit the taste. When milk is added to this it
+makes a very excellent diet for children. Should the bowels be too loose,
+boil the milk before adding.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SAGE TEA.</h5>
+
+<p>Dried leaves of sage, half an ounce; boiling water, one quart. Infuse
+for half an hour, and strain. May add sugar if desired. Balm, peppermint,
+spearmint, and other teas are made in the same way.</p>
+
+
+<h5>A REFRESHING DRINK IN FEVERS.</h5>
+
+<p>Boil one ounce and a half of tamarind, two ounces of stoned raisins,
+and three ounces of cranberries in three pints of water until two pints
+remain. Strain, and add a small piece of fresh lemon peel, which must
+be removed in half an hour.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ARROWROOT JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Stir a tablespoonful of arrowroot powders into half a cupful of cold
+water, pour in a pint of boiling water, let it stand five or ten minutes and
+then sweeten and flavor it to suit the taste.</p>
+
+
+<h5>IRISH MOSS JELLY.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Irish moss, half an ounce; fresh milk, one and a half pints. Boil
+down to one pint. Strain, and add sugar and lemon juice sufficient to
+give it an agreeable flavor.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ISINGLASS JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Isinglass, two ounces; water, two pints. Boil to one pint; strain,
+and add one pint milk and one ounce of white sugar. This is excellent
+for persons recovering from sickness, and for children who have bowel
+complaints.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TAPIOCA JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Tapioca, two large spoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently for an
+hour, or until it appears like a jelly. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg, with
+lemon juice to flavor.</p>
+
+
+<h5>RICE JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Mix a quarter of a pound of rice, picked and washed, with half a
+pound of loaf sugar and just sufficient water to cover it. Boil until it
+assumes a jellylike appearance; strain, and season to suit the taste and
+condition of the patient.</p>
+
+
+<h5>GRAPES.</h5>
+
+<p>In all cases of fever, very ripe grapes of any kind are a beneficial
+article of diet, acting as both food and drink and possessing soothing and
+cooling qualities. They are also extremely grateful to every palate.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TOAST.</h5>
+
+<p>To make a most excellent toast for a reduced or convalescent patient,
+take bread twenty-four or thirty-six hours old, which has been made of a
+mixture of fine wheat flour and Indian meal and a pure yeast batter
+mixed with eggs. Toast it until of a delicate brown, and then (if the
+patient be not inclined to fever) immerse it in boiled milk and butter. If
+the patient be feverish, spread it lightly with cranberry jam or calves' foot
+jelly.</p>
+
+
+<h5>RICE.</h5>
+
+<p>In all cases where a light and nice diet for patients who have been
+or are afflicted with diarrh&#339;a or dysentery is required, rice, in almost any
+cooked form, is most agreeable and advantageous. It may be given with
+benefit to dyspeptics, unless costiveness accompanies the dyspepsia. To
+make rice pudding, take a teacupful of rice, and as much sugar, two
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>quarts of milk, and a teaspoonful of salt. Bake, with a moderate heat,
+for two hours. Rice flour made in a batter and baked upon a griddle
+makes a superb cake; and rice-flour gruel, seasoned to the taste, is most
+excellent for the sick room.</p>
+
+
+<h5>BREAD JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Boil a quart of water and let it cool. Take one-third of a common
+loaf of wheat bread, slice it, pare off the crust, and toast it to a light
+brown. Put it in water in a covered vessel and boil gently till you
+find, on putting some in a spoon to cool, the liquid has become a jelly.
+Strain and cool. When used, warm a cupful, sweeten with sugar, and
+add a little grated lemon peel.</p>
+
+
+<h5>RICE GRUEL.</h5>
+
+<p>Ground rice, one heaping tablespoonful; water, one quart. Boil
+gently for twenty minutes, adding, a few minutes before it is done, one
+tablespoonful of ground cinnamon. Strain and sweeten. Wine may be
+added when the case demands it.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WATER GRUEL.</h5>
+
+<p>Oat or corn meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil for
+ten minutes and strain, adding salt and sugar if desired by the patient.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SAGO GRUEL.</h5>
+
+<p>Sago, two tablespoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently until it
+thickens; stir frequently. May add wine, sugar, and nutmeg, according
+to taste.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ARROWROOT GRUEL.</h5>
+
+<p>Arrowroot, one tablespoonful; sweet milk and boiling water, each
+one half pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. This is very good for children
+whose bowels are irritable.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TAPIOCA.</h5>
+
+<p>Tapioca is a very delightful food for invalids. Make an ordinary
+pudding of it, and improve the flavor agreeably to the desire of the patient
+or convalescent by adding raisins, sugar, prunes, lemon juice, wine,
+spices, etc.</p>
+
+
+<h5>BEEF LIQUID.</h5>
+
+<p>When the stomach is very weak, take fresh lean beef, cut it into
+strips and place the strips into a bottle with a little salt; place in a kettle
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>of boiling water and let it remain one hour; pour off the liquid and add
+some water. Begin with a small quantity, and use in the same manner
+and under similar circumstances as beef tea. This is even more nourishing
+than beef tea.</p>
+
+
+<h5>BEEF TEA.</h5>
+
+<p>Cut one pound of lean beef into shreds, and boil for twenty minutes
+in one quart of water, being particular to remove the scum as often as
+any rises. When it is cool, strain. This is very nourishing and palatable,
+and is of great value in all cases of extreme debility where no
+inflammatory action exists, or after the inflammation is subdued. In very
+low cases a small teaspoonful may be administered every fifteen or
+twenty minutes, gradually increasing the amount given as the powers of
+life return. In cases of complete prostration, after the cessation of long
+exhausting fever it may be used as directed above, either alone or in
+conjunction with a little wine.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PANADO.</h5>
+
+<p>Put a little water on the fire, with a glass of wine, some sugar, and a
+little grated nutmeg; boil all together a few seconds, and add pounded
+cracker or crumbs of bread, and boil again for a few minutes.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FRENCH MILK PORRIDGE.</h5>
+
+<p>Stir some oatmeal and water together; let the mixture stand to clear,
+and pour off the water. Then put more water to the meal; stir it well,
+and let it stand till the next day. Strain through a fine sieve, and boil
+the water, adding milk while so doing. The proportion of water must be
+small. With toast this is admirable.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COFFEE MILK.</h5>
+
+<p>Put a dessertspoonful of ground coffee into a pint of milk; boil a
+quarter of an hour, with a shaving or two of isinglass; let it stand ten
+minutes, and then pour off.</p>
+
+
+<h5>RESTORATIVE JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a leg of well-fed pork just as cut up, beat it and break the bone;
+set it over a gentle fire, with three gallons of water and simmer to one.
+Let half an ounce of mace and the same of nutmeg stew in it. Strain
+through a fine sieve. When cold, take off the fat. Give a coffee cup
+of this three times a day, adding salt to the taste. This is very valuable
+in all cases of debility where animal food is admissible.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DRINK IN DYSENTERY.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Sheep's suet, two ounces; milk, one pint; starch, half an ounce.
+Boil gently for thirty minutes. Use as a common drink. This is excellent
+for sustaining the strength in bad cases of dysentery.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CRUST COFFEE.</h5>
+
+<p>Toast slowly a thick piece of bread cut from the outside of a loaf
+until it is well browned, but not blackened; then turn upon it boiling
+water of a sufficient quantity, and keep it from half an hour to an hour
+before using. Be sure that the liquid is of a rich brown color before you
+use it. It is a most excellent drink in all cases of sickness.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CRANBERRY WATER.</h5>
+
+<p>Put a teaspoonful of cranberries into a cup of water and mash them.
+In the meantime boil two quarts of water with one large spoonful of corn
+or oat meal and a bit of lemon peel; then add the cranberries and as
+much fine sugar as will leave a smart flavor of the fruit; also a wineglassful
+of sherry. Boil the whole gently for a quarter of an hour, then strain.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WINE WHEY.</h5>
+
+<p>Heat a pint of new milk until it boils, at which moment pour in as
+much good wine as will curdle and clarify it. Boil and set it aside until
+the curd subsides. Do not stir it, but pour the whey off carefully, and
+add two pints of boiling water with loaf sugar.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ORANGE WHEY.</h5>
+
+<p>Milk, one pint; the juice of an orange with a portion of the peel.
+Boil the milk, then put the orange into it and let it stand till it coagulates.
+Strain.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MUSTARD WHEY.</h5>
+
+<p>Bruised mustard seed, two tablespoonfuls; milk, one quart. Boil
+together for a few minutes until it coagulates, and strain to separate the
+curd. This is a very useful drink in dropsy. A teacupful may be taken
+at a dose, three times a day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CHICKEN BROTH.</h5>
+
+<p>Take half a chicken, divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to
+this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Season with salt.</p>
+
+
+<h5>VEGETABLE SOUP.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Take one potato, one turnip and one onion, with a little celery or
+celery seed. Slice, and boil for an hour in one quart of water. Salt to
+the taste, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This forms a
+good substitute for animal food and may be used when the latter would
+be improper.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CALVES'-FOOT JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Boil two calf's feet in one gallon of water until reduced to one
+quart. Strain, and when cool skim carefully. Add the white of six or
+eight eggs, well beaten; a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar, and
+the juice of four lemons. Mix them well, boil for a few minutes, stirring
+constantly, and pass through a flannel strainer. In some cases the wine
+should be omitted.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SLIPPERY ELM JELLY.</h5>
+
+<p>Take of the flour of slippery elm, one or two tablespoonfuls; cold
+water, one pint. Stir until a jelly is formed. Sweeten with loaf sugar or
+honey. This is excellent for all diseases of the throat, chest, and lungs;
+coughs, colds, bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, etc. It is very
+nutritious and soothing.</p>
+
+
+<h5>NUTRITIVE FLUIDS.</h5>
+
+<p>Following will be found directions for preparing three nutritious
+fluids, which are of great value in all diseases, either acute or chronic,
+that are attended or followed by prostration; debility, whether general
+or of certain organs only; derangement of the digestive organs, weak
+stomach, indigestion, heartburn or sour stomach, constipated bowels,
+torpidity or want of activity of the liver, thin or poor blood. These
+fluids are highly nutritious, supplying to the blood, in such a form that
+they are most easily assimilated, the various elements which are needed
+to enrich it and thus enable it to reproduce the various tissues of the
+body that have been wasted by disease. In cases where the stomach has
+become so weakened and sensitive that the lightest food or drinks cannot
+be taken without causing much uneasiness and distress these fluids are
+invaluable. They strengthen the stomach and neutralize all undue
+acidity, while at the same time they soothe the irritation by their bland
+and demulcent qualities. When carefully and properly prepared, according
+to the directions following, they very nearly resemble rich new milk
+in color and consistency, while their taste is remarkably pleasant. Care
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>should be taken that all the ingredients are of the best quality. Soft
+water must be used in all cases. Fresh rain water is to be preferred, but
+spring water may be used if perfectly soft. Hard water will cause the
+fluids to be of a yellow color, and if the milk is old they are apt to
+separate:</p>
+
+
+<h6>FLUID NO. 1.</h6>
+
+<p>Put a pint of new milk (the fresher the better) and two pints of soft
+water, in a vessel perfectly free from all greasy matter, over a slow fire.
+Rub two even teaspoonfuls of superfine wheat flour and two teaspoonfuls
+of carbonate of magnesia, together with a little milk, into a soft batter,
+free from lumps; add this to the milk and water as soon as they begin to
+boil. Boil gently for five minutes&mdash;<i>no longer</i>&mdash;stirring constantly. Pour
+into an earthen or glass dish to cool, adding at the same time two teaspoonfuls
+of loaf sugar and one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table
+salt, rubbed fine. Stir until cold. The fluid must not be allowed to
+remain in a metallic vessel of any kind, and it must be kept in a cool
+place.</p>
+
+
+<h6>FLUID NO. 2.</h6>
+
+<p>Put one pint of fresh milk and two pints of soft water in a vessel
+over a slow fire. Rub together with a little fresh cream into a soft batter,
+free from lumps, one tablespoonful each of good sweet rye flour, ground
+rice, and pure starch; which add to the milk and water as soon as they
+begin to boil. Boil for five minutes, stirring constantly. Remove from
+the fire and add three teaspoonfuls of loaf sugar and one teaspoonful
+each of saleratus and table salt. Observe the same precautions as in
+No. 1.</p>
+
+
+<h6>FLUID NO. 3.</h6>
+
+<p>Put in a vessel, over a slow fire, one pint of fresh milk and two pints
+of soft water. When they begin to boil, add one tablespoonful of wheat
+flour, two tablespoonfuls of pure starch, and two teaspoonfuls of carbonate
+of magnesia, rubbed, together with a little milk into a soft batter, free
+from lumps. Boil gently for five minutes, stirring constantly. Pour into
+an earthen vessel to cool, and add one teaspoonful of the best gum
+arabic dissolved in a little warm water, one teaspoonful each of saleratus
+and table salt, and one tablespoonful of pure strained honey. Stir until
+cold. The same precaution must be observed as in preparing No. 1.</p>
+
+
+<h6>DIRECTIONS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></h6>
+
+<p>One half pint or less of these fluids may be taken at a dose, and at
+least three pints should be taken during the day and the amount
+gradually increased to two or three quarts. Commence with No. 1 and
+use two weeks, then use No. 2 for the same length of time, after which
+No. 3 is to be used for two weeks. Continue their use as long as
+necessary, taking each for two weeks before changing. In all the
+diseases mentioned above, the use of these fluids, in connection with
+proper remedies, will insure a speedy restoration to health.</p>
+
+
+<h5>GUM ACACIA RESTORATIVE.</h5>
+
+<p>Take two ounces of pure white gum arabic (procure the lump, the
+powdered is very apt to be adulterated), pulverize it well, and dissolve
+by the aid of a gentle heat in a gill of water, stirring constantly. When it
+is entirely dissolved, add three tablespoonfuls of pure strained honey.
+Let it remain over the fire until it becomes of the consistency of a jelly.
+The heat must be very gentle, it must not boil. If desirable, flavor with
+lemon or vanilla. This will be found a very pleasant article of diet for a
+weak stomach. When the articles used are pure it will be transparent
+and of a light golden color. This will be borne by the weakest stomach
+when everything else is rejected. <i>It is highly nutritious.</i></p>
+
+
+<h5>MALT INFUSION.</h5>
+
+<p>Infuse one pint of ground malt for two hours in three pints of scalding
+water. The water should not be brought quite to the boiling point.
+Strain; add sugar, if desired; flavor with lemon juice. This is an
+excellent drink in inflammatory fevers, acute rheumatism, etc.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PEAS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take young and fresh shelled green peas, wash them clean, put them
+into fresh water, just enough to cover them, and boil them till they take
+up nearly all the water. This dish, if prepared according to directions,
+and eaten warm, will not harm any invalid, not even one suffering from
+diarrh&#339;a.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MILK.</h5>
+
+<p>In some cases where a milk diet is advisable, owing to the peculiar
+condition of the patient's stomach it will cause distress. This is
+frequently the case where there is undue acidity. In such cases, let it be
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>prepared in the following manner and it will be found to set well: Take
+a teacupful of fresh milk, heat nearly to boiling; dissolve in it a teaspoonful
+of loaf sugar; pour into a large sized tumbler, and add sufficient
+plain soda water to fill it. Prepared in the above directed manner it will
+be free from all unpleasant effects.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SOUPS FOR THE CONVALESCENT.</h5>
+
+<p>To extract the strength from meat, long and slow boiling is necessary;
+but care must be taken that the pot is never off the boil. All soups
+should be made the day before they are used, and they should then be
+strained into earthen pans. When soup has jellied in the pan, it should
+not be removed into another. When in danger of not keeping, it should
+be boiled up.</p>
+
+
+<h5>EGGS.</h5>
+
+<p>In cases of extreme debility, eggs are most excellent. They should
+never be boiled hard. The best way to prepare them is to beat them
+well with milk and sugar. When it will be appropriate to the case, add
+some fine pale sherry wine.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MILK FOR INFANTS.</h5>
+
+<p>Fresh cow's milk, one part; water, two parts; sweeten with a very
+little loaf sugar. When children are raised by hand it is always necessary
+to dilute the milk. As the child advances in age the proportion of water
+stated above may be gradually lessened.</p>
+
+
+<h5>WATER GRUEL.</h5>
+
+<p>Corn or oat meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil ten
+or fifteen minutes, and strain. Add salt and sugar to suit the taste of the
+patient. This should be used freely during and after the operation of
+cathartic medicines.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XII" id="CHAPTER_XII"></a>CHAPTER XII.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>THINGS CURIOUS AND USEFUL.</h3>
+
+
+<h5>TO GET CLEAR OF MOSQUITOES.</h5>
+
+<p>Take of gum camphor a piece about one-third the size of an egg
+and evaporate it over a lamp or candle, taking care that it does not
+ignite. The smoke will soon fill the room and expel the mosquitoes.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO GET RID OF BEDBUGS.</h5>
+
+<p>Bedbugs cannot stand hot alum water; indeed, alum seems to be
+death to them in any form. Take two pounds of alum, reduce it to a
+powder&mdash;the finer the better&mdash;and dissolve it in about four quarts of
+boiling water. Keep the water hot till the alum is all dissolved; then
+apply it hot to every joint, crevice and place about the bedstead, floor,
+skirting or washboard around the room, and every place where the bugs
+are likely to congregate, by means of a brush. A common syringe is an
+excellent thing to use in applying it to the bedstead. Apply the water
+as hot as you can. Apply it freely, and you will hardly be troubled any
+more that season with bugs. Whitewash the ceiling with plenty of
+dissolved alum in the wash, and there will be an end to their dropping
+down from thence on to your bed.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO OBTAIN FRESH-BLOWN FLOWERS IN WINTER.</h5>
+
+<p>Choose some of the most perfect buds of the flowers you would
+preserve, such as are latest in blowing and ready to open. Cut them off
+with a pair off scissors, leaving to each, if possible, apiece of stem about
+three inches long. Cover the end of the stem immediately with sealing
+wax, and when the buds are a little shrunk and wrinkled wrap up each
+of them separately in a piece of paper perfectly clean and dry and lock
+them up in a dry box or drawer, and they will keep without corrupting.</p>
+
+<p>In winter or at any time when you would have the flowers blow, take
+the buds at night and cut off the end of the stem sealed with wax and
+put the buds in water wherein a little nitre or salt has been diffused, and
+the next day you will have the pleasure of seeing the buds opening and
+expanding themselves and the flowers display their most lively colors
+and breathe their agreeable odors.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO INCREASE THE LAYING OF EGGS IN HENS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Pulverized Cayenne pepper, half an ounce, to be given to one dozen
+hens, mixed with their food every second day.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE NEW AND BEAUTIFUL ART OF TRANSFERRING
+ON TO GLASS.</h5>
+
+<p>Colored or plain engravings, photographs, lithographs, water colors,
+oil colors, crayons, steel plates, newspaper cuts, mezzotints, pencil, writing,
+show cards, labels, or, in fact, anything.</p>
+
+
+<h6>DIRECTIONS.</h6>
+
+<p>Take glass that is perfectly clear (window glass will answer), clean
+it thoroughly; then varnish it, taking care to have it perfectly smooth;
+place it where it will be perfectly free from dust; let it stand over night,
+then take your engraving, lay it in clear water until it is wet through (say
+ten or fifteen minutes), then lay it upon a newspaper, that the moisture
+may dry from the surface and still keep the other side damp. Immediately
+varnish your glass the second time, then place your engraving
+upon it, pressing it down firmly, so as to exclude every particle of air;
+next, rub the paper from the back until it is of uniform thickness, so thin
+that you can see through it, then varnish it the third time and let it dry.</p>
+
+<p>These transferred pictures make lovely ornaments for table, bracket,
+mantel, etc.</p>
+
+
+<h6>MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE VARNISH.</h6>
+
+<p>Take two ounces balsam of fir to one ounce spirits of turpentine.
+Apply with a camel's-hair brush.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY FLIES.</h5>
+
+<p>Boil three handfuls of walnut leaves in three quarts of water; sponge
+the horse (before going out of the stable) between and upon the ears,
+neck, and flank.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PREVENT FLIES LIGHTING ON WINDOWS, PICTURES,
+MIRRORS, ETC.</h5>
+
+<p>No fly will light on a window or other article which has been washed
+in water in which garlic has been boiled.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE LEATHER WEAR FOREVER.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Let it receive as much neat's-foot oil as it will take. If regularly
+repeated every three months, leather so treated seems to be impervious to
+outward action and will last for years.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO RENDER PAPER FIREPROOF.</h5>
+
+<p>Whether the paper be plain, written, printed, or even marbled, stained,
+or painted for paper hangings, dip it in a strong solution of alum water
+and thoroughly dry it. In this state it will be fireproof.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PREPARE WATERPROOF BOOTS.</h5>
+
+<p>Take three ounces of spermaceti and melt it in an earthen pot over
+a slow fire; add thereto six drains of India rubber cut into slices, and
+after it dissolves add of tallow, eight ounces; amber varnish, four ounces.
+Mix it, and it will be ready for use immediately.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO CURE DRUNKENNESS.</h5>
+
+<p>Keep the patient for one week freely dosed with figwort. This is a
+sure cure.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO CURE LAZINESS.</h5>
+
+<p>Give the patient an occasional dose of ferri. The sulphate of ferri
+is the best. It acts on the liver and vital organs, and is a sure cure for
+laziness.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO EXTRACT THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ANY FLOWER.</h5>
+
+<p>Take any flower you like, which stratify with common salt in a clean
+glazed pot; when filled to the top, cover it well and carry it to the cellar;
+forty days afterwards put a crape over a pan and empty the whole to
+strain the essence from the flowers by pressure. Bottle this essence, and
+expose it for four or five weeks in the sun and dew of the evening to
+purify. One single drop of this essence is enough to scent a whole quart
+of water.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TAKE LEAF PHOTOGRAPHS.</h5>
+
+<p>A very pretty amusement, especially for those who have just completed
+the study of botany, is the taking of leaf photographs. One very
+simple process is this: At any druggist's get an ounce of bichromate of
+potassium. Put this into a pint bottle of water. When the solution
+becomes saturated&mdash;that is, the water has dissolved as much as it will&mdash;pour
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>off some of the clear liquid into a shallow dish; on this float a piece
+of ordinary writing paper till it is thoroughly moistened, and let it dry in
+the dark. It should be of a bright yellow color. On this put the leaf,
+under it a piece of black soft cloth and several sheets of newspaper. Put
+these between two pieces of glass (all the pieces should be of the same
+size) and with spring clothespins fasten them together. Expose to a
+bright sun, placing the leaf so that the rays will fall upon it as nearly
+perpendicular as possible. In a few moments it will begin to turn brown;
+but it requires from half an hour to several hours to produce a perfect
+print. When it has become dark enough, take it from the frame and
+put it into clear water, which must be changed every few minutes until
+the yellow part becomes white. Sometimes the veinings will be quite
+distinct. By following these directions it is scarcely possible to fail, and
+a little practice will make perfect.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE LAMP WICKS INDESTRUCTIBLE.</h5>
+
+<p>Steep common wicks in a concentrated aqueous solution of tungstate
+of soda, and then dry thoroughly in an oven.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PERFUMES.</h5>
+
+
+<h6>BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS.</h6>
+
+<p>Deodorized alcohol, one pint; nice white bar soap, four ounces.
+Shave the soap when put in; stand in a warm place till dissolved; then
+add oil of citronella, one dram, and oils of neroli and rosemary, of each
+one-half dram.</p>
+
+
+<h6>FRANGAPANNI.</h6>
+
+<p>Spirits, one gallon; oil of bergamot, one ounce; oil of lemon, one
+ounce: Macerate for four days, frequently shaking; then add water, one
+gallon; orange flower water, one pint; essence of vanilla, two ounces.
+Mix.</p>
+
+
+<h6>JOCKEY CLUB.</h6>
+
+<p>Spirits of wine, five gallons; orange flower water, one gallon;
+balsam of Peru, four ounces; essence of bergamot, eight ounces; essence
+of musk, eight ounces; essence of cloves, four ounces; essence of neroli,
+two ounces. Mix.</p>
+
+
+<h6>LADY'S OWN.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></h6>
+
+<p>Spirits of wine, one gallon; otto of roses, twenty drops; essence of
+thyme, one-half ounce; essence of neroli, one-quarter ounce; essence of
+vanilla, one-half ounce; essence of bergamot, one-quarter ounce; orange
+flower water, six ounces. Mix.</p>
+
+
+<h6>UPPER TEN.</h6>
+
+<p>Spirits of wine, four quarts; essence of cedrate, two drams; essence
+violets, one-quarter ounce; essence of neroli, one-half ounce; otto of
+roses, twenty drops; orange flower essence, one ounce; oil of rosemary,
+thirty drops; oils of bergamot and neroli, each one-half ounce. Mix.</p>
+
+<p>If you wish to make a small quantity of any of the above perfumes,
+use small quantities of the ingredients, preserving the same proportions.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO WRITE SECRET LETTERS.</h5>
+
+<p>Put five cents' worth of citrate of potassa in an ounce vial of clear
+cold water. This forms an invisible fluid. Let it dissolve, and you can
+use on paper of any color. Use goose quill in writing. When you wish
+the writing to become visible, hold it to a red-hot stove.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PRESERVE FLOWERS
+SO THAT THEIR BEAUTY WILL LAST FOR YEARS.</h5>
+
+<p>Make a strong solution of gum arabic, two ounces of the gum to one
+pint of boiling water; shake until dissolved; then take your flowers and
+immerse in the solution, taking care that every part is well wet with the
+solution. When dry, repeat the operation. Do this three times.
+Flowers treated thus will last for years.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XIII" id="CHAPTER_XIII"></a>CHAPTER XIII.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>HOME DECORATION.</h3>
+
+
+<p>The chief features to be observed in house furnishing are color, form,
+and proportion. All stiffness of design in furniture should be avoided.
+Do not attempt to match articles, but rather carry out the same idea as
+to color and form in the whole. It is not <i>en r&egrave;gle</i> to have decorations
+in sets or pairs; the arrangements should all be done with odd pieces.
+Every room in the house should be arranged for occupancy, having
+nothing too good for use, and the judicious housewife will follow a
+medium course and adopt no extreme of fashion.</p>
+
+<p>The style and arrangement of the furniture should correspond with the
+size of the room, with a due regard to the place a piece of furniture or
+ornament will occupy. The order of arrangement in furnishing is subject
+to individual taste, but the following suggestions may not be inappropriate:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>In decorating a dining-room, deep, rich tones should be used; a
+drawingroom or parlor should have bright, cheerful shades; in a library
+use deep, rich colors, which give a sense of worth; a sleeping-room
+should have light, pleasing tints, which give a feeling of repose.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE HALL.</h5>
+
+<p>The hall being the index to the whole house, due care should therefore
+be given to its furnishing. Light colors and gilding should be
+avoided. The wall and ceiling decorations now mostly used are in dark,
+rich colors, shaded in maroons or deep reds. Plain tinted walls and
+ceilings in fresco or wainscot are also frequently used. The latest shades
+of wall paper come in wood colors, dark olive-greens, stone color, and
+grays, in tile, arabesque and landscape designs, and with these are used
+a corresponding dado and frieze.</p>
+
+<p>A tile or inlaid floor is the most appropriate, but if circumstances do
+not admit of one of these, a floor stained a deep wood-brown, base board
+and moldings to correspond, may be substituted; when India mattings
+and rugs may be used.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>The colors now in vogue for hall carpets are crimson or Pompeiian
+reds, with small figures of moss-green or peacock-blue. The prevailing
+shades of the walls and floor should be incorporated in the stair carpet.</p>
+
+<p>If the hall is narrow, none but the most essential pieces of furniture
+should be used; but if wide enough, there may be a lounge placed
+against one of the walls, an old-fashioned clock of the cuckoo style set in
+a quiet corner, two high-backed chairs upholstered in leather, a table, an
+umbrella-stand placed near the door, a jardini&egrave;re filled with tropical
+plants set near the foot of the stairway, and a hall mirror with a deer's
+head and antlers placed above it and a wooden or marble slab underneath.
+The slab should be covered with a Roman scarf, allowing a fall
+of twelve inches at each end. The hatrack must also find a place.
+Family portraits or a few well-selected pictures are appropriate for these
+walls.</p>
+
+<p>If the door-lights are not stained glass, lace shades in designs of
+birds, cupids, and garlands of flowers are used; also, etchings in various
+colors and designs are worked on different fabrics. Crimson silk shades
+lined with black netting are very desirable, as the light penetrating
+through them fills the hall with a rich, subdued glow.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE PARLOR.</h5>
+
+<p>The furnishing of the parlor should be subject to its architectural
+finish. The first things to be considered are the walls and floor. The
+former may be decorated in fresco or papered, according to individual
+taste and means. The prettiest styles of parlor paper are light tints of
+gray, olive, pearl, and lavender grounds, and in small scroll patterns,
+panels, birds, and vines, finished in heavy gold traceries, with dado and
+frieze to correspond.</p>
+
+<p>The styles of carpet mostly used are Brussels, Wilton, tapestry, and
+Axminster. A tapestry carpet in light canary ground, with clusters of
+lotus, or begonia leaves, makes a charming background to almost all the
+colors generally used in upholstery.</p>
+
+<p>In selecting the furniture, the first thought should be given to its
+true worth. Chairs and couches should be chosen for comfort rather
+than for style. They should be of solid make, easy, graceful, and of
+good, serviceable colors and materials. The most serviceable woods to
+select in frames are ebony, oak, walnut, cherry, and mahogany. These
+frames are finished in different styles&mdash;plain, carved, inlaid, and gilt&mdash;and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>are upholstered in all shades of satin, plush, rep, silk, and damask.
+These come at prices within the means of a slender purse. That slippery
+abomination in the shape of haircloth furniture should be avoided. The
+latest design in parlor furniture is in the Turkish style, the upholstery
+being made to cover the frame. Rich Oriental colors in woolen and
+silk brocades are mostly used, and the trimmings are cord and tassels or
+heavy fringe.</p>
+
+<p>Formerly the parlor appointments were all in sets or pairs, but this
+fashion is no longer observed, as the most tastefully arranged parlor has
+now no two pieces of furniture alike; but two easy-chairs placed opposite
+each other are never out of place. Here may stand an embroidered
+ottoman, there a quaint little chair, a divan can take some central position;
+a cottage piano, covered with some embroidered drapery, may
+stand at one end of the room, while an ebony or mahogany cabinet, with
+its panel mirrors and quaint brasses, may be placed at the other end, its
+racks and shelves affording an elegant display for pretty pieces of bric-a-brac.</p>
+
+<p>Marble-topped center-tables are no longer in use. Tables in inlaid
+woods, or hand-painted, are used for placing books or albums on. A
+small, airy-looking table, elaborately mounted in gilt, may stand near a
+window or wall. The mantel mirror, with its beveled edges and small
+racks arranged on each side, looks very effective when decorated with
+pretty oddities&mdash;ferns, grasses, and pieces of old china. A jardini&egrave;re
+filled with living plants and placed near a bay window makes an elegant
+ornament. Care should be taken in arranging that the room be not over-crowded.
+There should be a few good pictures or painted plaques
+mounted in plush hung on the walls; a portrait may be placed on a
+common easel and draped with a scarf in old gold or peacock-blue, and
+tiny lambrequins, painted or embroidered, may hang beneath a bracket
+supporting a bust or flower-vase.</p>
+
+<p>An embroidered scarf with fringed ends may be placed on the back
+of a chair or sofa in place of the old lace tidy. A sack made of small
+pieces of bright-colored plush or silk in crazy work may be flung across
+the table, the ends drooping very low. The mantelpiece may be covered
+with a corresponding sash, over which place a small clock as centerpiece
+and arrange ornaments on each side&mdash;statuettes, bannerets, flower-holders,
+small Japanese fans, pieces of odd china, painted candles in
+small scenes, may all find a place on the mantel.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>Window curtains of heavy fabric, hung from brass or plush mounted
+poles, may be gracefully draped to the sides, while the inner lace ones
+should be hung straight and be fastened in the center with some ornament
+or bow of ribbon corresponding in shade to the general tone of
+the room. The straight shades next to the glass may correspond in tone
+to the outside walls or window-facings; but this is a mere matter of
+taste. White or light-tinted shades, finished in etching or narrow lace,
+are always in vogue.</p>
+
+<p>The dado shades are the latest innovation in window decoration.
+These come in all colors, from the lightest to the darkest shades, with
+dado in tile, arabesque and fresco patterns, finished in lace, fringe, and
+brasses.</p>
+
+<p>Porti&egrave;res (curtain doors) have superseded folding doors. These
+should be in shades to contrast with the general blending of the colors in
+the room. The fabrics mostly used are India goods, but they may be of
+any material, from expensive tapestries, satins, and plushes, to ten-cent
+factory cottons. The curtains, if made from striped tapestry and
+Turcoman, will give the finishing artistic touches to almost any room, but
+the last softening polish comes only from the genial presence of trailing
+and climbing vines.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE SITTING-ROOM.</h5>
+
+<p>The sitting or everyday room should be the brightest and most
+attractive room in the house. Its beauty of decoration should not be so
+much in the richness and variety of material as in its comfort, simplicity,
+and the harmony of its tints&mdash;the main features being the fitness of each
+article to the needs of the room. In these days of so many advantages
+much can be done in adornment by simple means.</p>
+
+<p>The wall papers mostly used come in grounds of cream, amber, rose,
+pale olive, fawn, ceil blue and light gray, with designs and traceries of
+contrasting hues.</p>
+
+<p>The carpet, if in tapestry, looks more effective if in grounds of pale
+canary or light gray, with designs in bright-colored woodland flowers and
+borders to match. The new ingrain carpets, with their pretty designs
+and bright colors, are very fashionable for rooms that are much used.</p>
+
+<p>Whatever may be the prevailing tint of the carpet, the window
+curtains should follow it up in lighter tones or contrast with it. The
+curtains may correspond with the coverings of the chairs, sofa, mantel
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>and table draperies in color and fabric. If the furniture is of wicker,
+bamboo or rattan, the curtains should be of Japanese or any kind of
+Oriental goods. Curtains of muslin (either white or tinted), gay-colored
+chintzes, lace or dotted Swiss muslin, looped back with bright-toned
+ribbons, look very pretty and are appropriate for the sitting-room at
+almost any season. That clumsy structure called the cornice, for putting
+up curtains on, has happily given place to the more light and graceful
+curtain pole.</p>
+
+<p>One large table, covered with a pretty embroidered cloth, should be
+placed in some central location for a catch-all. A low divan, with a pair
+of square, soft pillows, may stand in some quiet nook; a rocker, handsomely
+upholstered, with a pretty tidy pinned to its back; a large, soft
+easy-chair; a small sewing-chair placed near a table; and a bamboo
+chair, trimmed with ribbons, will be tastefully arranged in the room.
+Window stands and gypsy tables may be draped with some rich fabric,
+the surrounding valance being caught up in small festoons and fastened
+with bows or tassels, finished around the edge of the table with cord or
+quilted ribbon.</p>
+
+<p>If the furniture is old or in sets it can be covered with different
+patterns in cretonne or chintz, which not only protects the furniture but
+breaks up the monotony and lends a pleasing variety to the room. A
+Turkish chair is a grand accessory to the family room. This may be
+made by buying the frame and having it upholstered in white cotton
+cloth and covering it with a rich shade of cretonne, finishing it with cord
+and fringe.</p>
+
+<p>A foot-rest frame can be made in the same way and covered with a
+piece of homemade embroidery, finishing it off with a cord or narrow
+gimp around the edge. Homemade easels, screens, and pedestals may
+be made out of black walnut, and when stained and draped look
+exceedingly pretty. An old second-hand cabinet may be bought at a
+trifle, and when polished up may be set in a corner on which to display
+some pieces of bric-a-brac.</p>
+
+<p>If the house has no library, the sitting-room is just the place for the
+bookcase.</p>
+
+<p>With house plants in the windows, a room of this character, with
+floods of sunshine, makes a most attractive and comfortable living-room.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE LIBRARY.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>The walls of the library should be hung with rich, dark colors, the
+latest style in wall paper being a black ground with old gold and olive-green
+designs.</p>
+
+<p>The carpet comes in Pompeiian red, with moss-green and peacock-blue
+patterns. Statuary and the best pictures should find a place in the
+library. The library table should be massive and the top laid with
+crimson baize. There should be a few high-backed chairs, upholstered
+in leather, a reading-chair, soft rugs, foot-rests, a mantel mirror, a few
+mantel ornaments, and the <i>piece de resistance</i>&mdash;the bookcase. In large
+libraries the bookcases are built in the wall. It is quite in vogue to
+hang curtains on rods in front of bookcases instead of doors, but we
+think the old style is the best, inasmuch as the books may be seen and
+the glass doors exclude the dust.</p>
+
+<p>Heavy curtains of raw silk, Turcoman, and canton flannel, with a full
+valance at the top, are used for the window drapery.</p>
+
+
+<h5>CHAMBERS.</h5>
+
+<p>The walls of bedrooms should be decorated in light tints and
+shadings, with a narrow rail and deep frieze. Most housekeepers prefer
+rugs and oiled floors to carpets, but this is a matter of individual taste.
+Rugs are as fashionable as they are wholesome and tidy. These floor-coverings
+should be darker than the furniture, yet blending in shade. If
+carpets are chosen they should be the lightest shades and in bright
+field-flower patterns. Avoid anything dark and somber for the sleeping-room.
+Pink and ceil blue combined are very pretty, scarlet and gray,
+deep red and very light blue. Dark blue with sprays of lily of the valley
+running through it is exceedingly pretty for bedrooms. Dark furniture
+will harmonize with all these colors, but the lighter shades are preferable.
+Cretonnes in pale tints and chintzes in harmonizing colors are used for
+light woods. Square pillows of cretonne on a bamboo or wicker lounge
+are very pretty. Canton matting is often used, either plain or in colored
+patterns.</p>
+
+<p>Formerly the bed-coverings were spotlessly white, but the profluent
+tide of color has included these also. The coverings now in vogue are:
+Nottingham lace, darned net, applique, antique lace, and Swiss muslin.
+These are used over silk and silesia for backgrounds, and are exceedingly
+pretty, with pillow shams to match. Cretonnes, chintzes, dimities, and
+silk in crazy work and South Kensington patterns are also used.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>Cheese cloth, bunting, Swiss muslin, cretonne, and Swiss curtains
+are used for window drapery. These may be trimmed with the same
+fabric or antique lace. They are hung on poles above the windows and
+draped back with ribbons.</p>
+
+<p>The appointments of a bedroom are a low couch, a large rocker, a
+small sewing-chair, a workbasket, footstools, a toilet table prettily
+draped with muslin, or a dressing-case, brackets for vases, flowerpots, a
+few pictures, small table, hanging shelves for books, etc., and the bed.</p>
+
+<p>The washstand should have a full set of toilet mats, or a large towel
+with a colored border may be laid on it; also, a splasher placed on the
+wall at the back of the stand is very essential. A screen is a very desirable
+part of the bedroom appointments. A rug should be placed in front
+of the bed and dressing-case.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE DINING-ROOM.</h5>
+
+<p>The dining-room should be furnished with a view to convenience,
+richness, and comfort. Choose deep, rich grounds for the walls&mdash;bronze-maroon,
+black, Pompeiian red, and deep olive&mdash;and the designs and
+traceries in old gold, olive or moss-green, with dado and frieze to
+correspond. Or, the walls may be wainscoted with oak, walnut, maple,
+etc. Some are finished in plain panels, with different kinds of wood;
+others, again, are elaborately carved, with fruit, flowers, and emblems of
+the chase.</p>
+
+<p>The floor is the next point for consideration. It may be of tile or
+laid in alternate strips of different colored woods, with a border of
+parquetry. Rugs or carpets may be used on these floors or dispensed
+with, according to taste. If a carpet is used, the dark, rich shades found
+in the Persian and Turkish designs should be chosen.</p>
+
+<p>The window drapery should be those deep, rich colors that hold
+their own despite time and use&mdash;the pomegranates, rich crimsons,
+dark blues, dull Pompeiian reds, and soft olives. These curtains may be
+hung on poles, and should fall in heavy folds to the floor, then looped
+back with a wide embroidered dado.</p>
+
+<p>Screens of stained glass are now used in the windows. They are
+both useful and ornamental, for they exclude the strong rays of the sun,
+and the light filtering through them beautifies the room with its many
+mellow hues.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>Dark wood should be used for the furniture. The chairs should be
+chosen in square, solid styles, and upholstered in embossed or plain
+leather, with an abundance of brass or silver headed nails which are used
+for upholstering leather and add much to the substantial appearance of
+the articles.</p>
+
+<p>The dining-table should be low, square or bevel cornered, heavily
+carved, and when not in use should be covered with a cloth corresponding
+in shade to the window drapery.</p>
+
+<p>A buffet may stand in one corner for the display of ceramics or
+decorated china. The sideboard should be of high, massive style, with
+shelves and racks for glassware and pieces of china.</p>
+
+<p>A few pictures&mdash;two or three fruit pieces and one or two plaques
+of still life&mdash;are appropriate.</p>
+
+<p>A case of stuffed birds, a few large pots of tropical plants, and a
+fernery are in keeping with the dining-room appointments. A three-leaf
+folding Japanese screen should not be forgotten; also, a lamp shade of
+antique lace, lined with crimson silk, is very desirable.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE KITCHEN.</h5>
+
+<p>It is a remark too often made that this or that &#8220;is good enough for
+a servant.&#8221; If all knew that unpleasant surroundings made unpleasant
+servants and ill-prepared meals, we think more pains would be taken to
+have pleasant and comfortable kitchens. There should be a pleasant
+window or two through which fresh air and floods of sunlight may come,
+a few plants on the window sill, a small stand for a workbasket, an easy-chair
+that the servant may &#8220;drop into&#8221; when an opportunity offers, the
+walls painted or calcimined with some cheerful tint, and a general air of
+comfort pervading the whole kitchen.&mdash;<i>The Popular Art Instructor.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XIV" id="CHAPTER_XIV"></a>CHAPTER XIV.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>FLORAL.</h3>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO CARE FOR HOUSE PLANTS.</h5>
+
+<p>Plants that require a high or low temperature or a very moist
+atmosphere and plants that bloom only in summer are undesirable.
+Procure fresh sandy loam, with an equal mixture of well-rotted turf, leaf
+mold, and cow-yard manure, with a small quantity of soot. In repotting
+plants use one size larger than they were grown in. Hard-burned or
+glazed pots prevent the circulation of air. Secure drainage by broken
+crockery and pebbles laid in the bottom of the pot. An abundance of
+light is important, and when this cannot be given it is useless to attempt
+the culture of flowering plants. If possible they should have the morning
+sun, as one hour of sunshine then is worth two in the afternoon. Fresh
+air is also essential, but cold, chilling drafts should be avoided.
+Water from one to three times a week with soft, lukewarm water,
+draining off all not absorbed by the earth.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DO NOT PERMIT</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">water to stand in the saucers, as the only plant thriving under such
+treatment is the calla lily; and even for these it is not necessary, unless
+while blooming. Dust is a great obstacle to the growth of plants. A
+good showering will generally remove it, but all the smooth-faced plants
+(such as camellias, ivies, etc.) should be carefully sponged so as to keep
+the foliage clean and healthy.</p>
+
+
+<h5>PLANTS SUCCEED BEST</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">in an even temperature, ranging from sixty to seventy degrees during the
+day and from ten to twelve degrees lower at night. If troubled with
+insects, put them under a box or barrel and smoke from thirty to sixty
+minutes with tobacco leaves.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FOR THE RED SPIDER</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">the best remedy is to lay the plants on the side and sprinkle well or
+shower. Repeat if necessary. If manures are used, give in a liquid
+form.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>Some of the plants most suitable for parlor culture are: Pelargoniums,
+geraniums, fuchsias, palms, begonias, monthly roses, camellias,
+azaleas, oranges, lemons, Chinese and English primroses, abutilons,
+narcissus, heliotrope, petunias, and the gorgeous flowering plant,
+<i>Poinsettia pulcherrima</i>. Camellias and azaleas require a cooler temperature
+than most plants, and the Poinsettia a higher temperature. Do not
+sprinkle the foliage of the camellia while the flower buds are swelling or
+it will cause them to droop, nor sprinkle them in the sunshine. They
+should have a temperature of about forty degrees and more shade. By
+following these rules, healthy flowering plants will be the result.</p>
+
+<p>A good way</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO START SLIPS</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">is to partly break off the slip (but do not entirely sever it from the parent
+stock), leaving it hanging for ten or twelve days; then remove and plant
+in a box of half sand and half leaf mold and it will be well rooted in a
+week. Do not water too freely or the slip will rot.</p>
+
+<p>If house plants are watered once a week with water in which is mixed
+a few drops of ammonia they will thrive much better. Sometimes small
+white worms are found in the earth&mdash;lime water will kill them. Stir up
+the soil before pouring it on, to expose as many as possible. For
+running vines, burn beef bones and mix with the earth.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO KEEP PLANTS WITHOUT A FIRE AT NIGHT.</h5>
+
+<p>Have made, of wood or zinc, a tray about four inches deep with a
+handle on either end, water-tight. Paint it outside and in, put in each
+corner a post as high as the tallest of your plants, and it is ready for use.
+Arrange your flowerpots in it and fill between them with sawdust. This
+absorbs the moisture falling from the plants when you water them and
+retains the warmth acquired during the day, keeping the temperature of
+the roots even. When you retire at night spread over the posts a blanket
+or shawl, and there is no danger of freezing.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SURE SHOT FOR ROSE-SLUGS.</h5>
+
+<p>Make a tea of tobacco stems and a soapsuds of whale oil or carbolic
+soap; mix and apply to the bush with a sprinkler, turning the bush so as
+to wet the under as well as the upper part of the leaves. Apply, before
+the sun is up, three or four times.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PREPARE AUTUMN LEAVES AND FERNS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Immediately after gathering take a moderately warm iron, smear it
+well with white wax, rub over each surface of the leaf once, applying
+more wax for each leaf. This process causes leaves to roll about as
+when hanging on the trees. If pressed more they become brittle and
+remain perfectly flat. Maple and oak are among the most desirable, and
+may be gathered any time after the severe frosts; but the sumac and ivy
+must be secured as soon after the first slight frost as they become
+tinted or the leaflets will fall from the stem. Ferns may be selected any
+time during the season. A large book must be used in gathering them,
+as they will be spoiled for pressing if carried in the hand. A weight
+should be placed on them until they are perfectly dry; then, excepting
+the most delicate ones, it will be well to press them like the leaves, as
+they are liable to curl when placed in a warm atmosphere. These will
+form beautiful combinations with the sumac and ivy.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO PREPARE SKELETON LEAVES.</h5>
+
+<p>When properly prepared, skeleton leaves form a companion to the
+scrapbook or collection of pressed ferns, fronds, etc. This is a tedious
+operation and requires skill and great patience to obtain satisfactory
+results. Some leaves are easier to dissect and make better specimens
+than others, and, as a rule, a hard, thin leaf should be chosen; that is,
+when a special variety is not required.</p>
+
+<p>Among those which are skeletonized most successfully are the
+English ivy, box elder, willow, grape, pear, rose, etc. They should be
+gathered during the month of June, or as soon as the leaf is fully
+developed. The leaves should be immersed in a vessel of rain water and
+allowed to remain till decomposed. When this takes place, press the
+leaf between pieces of soft flannel, and the film will adhere to the flannel,
+leaving a perfect network. Dry off gradually and clean the specimen
+with a soft hair pencil. Place between folds of soft blotting paper, and
+when perfectly dry place in your collection.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO BLEACH THE LEAVES,</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">dissolve one half pound of chloride of lime in three pints of rain water,
+strain, and use one part of the solution to one of water. For ferns, use
+the solution full strength. When perfectly white remove to clear water,
+let stand for several hours, changing water two or three times, float out
+on paper, and press between blotting paper in books.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>In mounting use mucilage made of five parts gum arabic, three parts
+white sugar, two parts starch, and very little water; boil and stir till thick
+and white.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HANGING BASKETS.</h5>
+
+<p>A correspondent of the <i>Gardener's Monthly</i> tells of a new style of
+hanging basket made of round maple sticks about one inch in
+diameter, eight inches in length at the bottom, increasing to fourteen at
+the top. In constructing, begin at the bottom and build up, log-cabin
+fashion; chink the openings with green moss and line the whole basket
+with the same. These are easily kept moist, and the plants droop and
+twine over them very gracefully. A good way to keep the earth moist
+in a hanging basket without the trouble of taking it down is to fill a
+bottle with water and put in two pieces of yarn, leaving one end outside.
+Suspend the bottle just above the basket and allow the water to drip.
+This will keep the earth moist enough for winter and save a great deal of
+time and labor. Plant morning glory seeds in hanging baskets in winter;
+they grow rapidly and are very pretty.&mdash;<i>Buckeye.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XV" id="CHAPTER_XV"></a>CHAPTER XV.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>THE LAUNDRY.</h3>
+
+<p class="subtitle">TELLING OF A GREAT MANY USEFUL AND LABOR-SAVING PRACTICES FOR
+THE LAUNDRY.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE WASHING FLUID.</h5>
+
+<p>Bring to a boil one pound of sal soda, half a pound of unslaked
+lime, a small lump of borax, and five quarts of water. Let cool, pour off,
+and bottle. Use one teacupful to a boiler of clothes. This is superior.</p>
+
+
+<h5>GALL SOAP.</h5>
+
+<p>For washing woolens, silks, or fine prints liable to fade. One pint
+beefs gall, two pounds common bar soap cut fine, one quart boiling soft
+water; boil slowly, stirring occasionally until well mixed. Pour into a
+flat vessel, and when cold cut into pieces to dry.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TAKE OUT SCORCH.</h5>
+
+<p>If a shirt bosom or any other article has been scorched in ironing,
+lay it where bright sunshine will fall directly on it. It will entirely
+remove it.</p>
+
+
+<h5>BLUING.</h5>
+
+<p>Take one ounce of Prussian blue, one-half ounce of oxalic acid;
+dissolve in one quart of perfectly soft rain water. Insert a quill through
+the cork of the bluing bottle to prevent waste or putting too much in
+clothes and you will be pleased with the result. One or two tablespoons
+of it is sufficient for a tub of water, according to the size of the tub.
+Chinese blue is the best and costs twelve and a half cents an ounce, and
+the acid will cost three cents.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COFFEE STARCH.</h5>
+
+<p>Make a paste of two tablespoons best starch and cold water; when
+smooth stir in a pint of perfectly clear coffee, boiling hot; boil five or ten
+minutes. Stir with a spermaceti or wax candle. Strain and use for all
+dark calicoes, percales, and muslins.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FLOUR STARCH.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Have a clean pan or kettle on stove with one quart boiling water,
+into which stir three heaping tablespoons flour, previously mixed smooth
+in a little cold water; stir steadily until it boils and thereafter enough to
+keep from burning. Boil about five minutes, and strain, while hot,
+through a crash towel. The above quantity is enough for one dress, and
+will make it nice and stiff.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE FINE STARCH.</h5>
+
+<p>Wet the starch smooth in a little cold water in a large tin pan, pour
+on a quart of boiling water to two or three tablespoons of starch, stirring
+rapidly all the while; place on stove, stir until it boils and then occasionally.
+Boil from five to fifteen minutes, or until the starch is perfectly
+clear. Some add a little salt or butter or pure lard or stir with a sperm
+candle; others add a teaspoon of kerosene to one quart of starch. This
+prevents the stickiness sometimes so annoying in ironing.</p>
+
+<p>Cold starch is made from starch dissolved in cold water, being
+careful not to have it too thick. Since it rots the clothes, it is not
+advisable to use it.</p>
+
+
+<h5>ENAMEL FOR SHIRT BOSOMS.</h5>
+
+<p>Melt together, with a gentle heat, one ounce white wax and two
+ounces spermaceti. Prepare in the usual way a sufficient quantity of
+starch for a dozen shirt bosoms, put into it a piece of this enamel the size
+of a hazelnut. This will give your clothes a beautiful polish.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO CLEAN ARTICLES MADE OF WHITE ZEPHYR.</h5>
+
+<p>Rub in flour or magnesia, changing often. Shake off and hang in
+the open air a short time.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO CLEAN VELVET.</h5>
+
+<p>Invert a hot flatiron, place over it a single thickness of wet cotton
+cloth, lay on this the velvet (wrong side next the wet cloth), rub gently
+with a dry cloth until the pile is well raised, take off the iron, lay on a
+table, and brush it with a soft brush or cloth.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO CLEAN RIBBONS.</h5>
+
+<p>Dissolve white soap in boiling water; when cool enough to bear the
+hand, pass the ribbons through it, rubbing gently, so as not to injure the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>texture; rinse through lukewarm water and pin on a board to dry. If
+the colors are bright yellow, maroon, crimson or scarlet, add a few drops
+of oil of vitriol to the rinse water; if the color is bright scarlet, add to the
+rinse water a few drops of muriate of tin.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TAKE OUT PAINT.</h5>
+
+<p>Equal parts of ammonia and spirits of turpentine will take paint out
+of clothing. Saturate the spot two or three times, and then wash out in
+soapsuds.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO REMOVE INK STAIN.</h5>
+
+<p>Immediately saturate with milk, soak it up with a rag, apply more,
+rub well, and in a few minutes the ink will disappear.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TAKE GREASE OUT</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">of silk, woolens, paper, floors, etc., grate chalk thick over the spot, cover
+with brown paper, set on it a hot flatiron and let it remain until cool;
+repeat if necessary. The iron must not be so hot as to burn paper or
+cloth.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FRUIT STAINS.</h5>
+
+<p>Colored cottons or woolens stained with wine or fruit should be wet
+in alcohol and ammonia, then sponged off gently (not rubbed) with
+alcohol; after that, if the material will warrant it, washed in tepid soapsuds.
+Silk may be wet with this preparation when injured by these stains.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO REMOVE IRON RUST.</h5>
+
+<p>While rinsing clothes, take such as have spots of iron, wring out, dip
+a wet finger in oxalic acid and rub on the spot, then dip in salt and rub
+on and hold on a warm flatiron, and the spot will immediately disappear;
+rinse again, rubbing the place a little with the hands.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TAKE OUT MILDEW.</h5>
+
+<p>Wet the cloth and rub on soap and chalk, mixed together, and lay in
+the sun; or, lay the cloth in buttermilk for a short time, take out and
+place in the hot sun; or, put lemon juice on and treat in the same way.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO WASH WOOLEN GOODS.</h5>
+
+<p>Many woolen goods, such as light-colored, heavy sacques, nubias,
+etc., may be washed in cold suds and rinsed in cold water. The garments
+should be well shaken out and pulled into shape.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO WASH FLANNELS IN TEPID WATER.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>The usefulness of liquid ammonia is not as universally known among
+housewives as it deserves to be. If you add some of it to a soapsuds
+made of a mild soap it will prevent the flannel from becoming yellow or
+shrinking. It is the potash and soda combined in sharp soap which tend
+to color animal fibers yellow; the shrinking may be partially due to this
+agency, but above all to the exposure of the flannel while wet to the
+extremes of low and high temperature. Dipping it in boiling water or
+leaving it out in the rain will also cause it to shrink and become hard.
+To preserve their softness, flannels should be washed in tepid suds, rinsed
+in tepid water, and dried rapidly at a moderate heat.&mdash;<i>Buckeye.</i></p>
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XVI" id="CHAPTER_XVI"></a>CHAPTER XVI.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>HOW TO DO YOUR OWN STAMPING AND MAKE
+YOUR OWN PATTERNS.</h3>
+
+
+<p>In the following chapter are given full instructions for dry and wet
+stamping, explaining how to make stamping powder, how to mix white
+paint for stamping dark goods and black paint for stamping light goods.</p>
+
+<p>The articles necessary are a sheet of writing paper and a piece of
+transfer paper. The transfer paper can be made by rubbing white paper
+with a composition consisting of two ounces of tallow, one-half ounce
+powdered blacklead, one-quarter pint linseed oil, and sufficient lampblack
+to make it of the consistency of cream. These should be melted
+together and rubbed on the paper while hot. When dry it will be fit for
+use.</p>
+
+<p>In order to make a perforated pattern of any engraving, procure a
+piece of writing paper larger than the design to be traced and put a piece
+of transfer paper on the writing paper, then place both sheets directly
+under the engraving and pin the three sheets together at one end, having
+the transfer paper between and dark side facing the writing paper. You
+then take a quill with a fine point (a knitting needle will do nicely) and
+without leaning too hard go over all the outline of the engraving. You
+must be careful not to press your fingers on the engraving, as this would
+cause a deposit of powder the same color as the transferring paper on the
+writing paper. Now remove the transfer paper and you have the design
+accurately traced and the pattern is ready to be perforated. Lay a
+couple of folds of velvet or felt on the table, place the pattern on this,
+and with a needle of medium size or tracing-wheel prick out the pattern,
+being careful to follow the outline closely and make the perforations
+quite close.</p>
+
+
+<h5>MECHANICAL ENLARGEMENT OF DESIGNS.</h5>
+
+<p>The simplest way is to enlarge by the eye, as the artists do. One
+method is to divide the whole design into squares and rule off the paper
+to be enlarged in corresponding squares of larger size. Each portion
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>within the square is then exactly reproduced, copying the portion in the
+smaller square. For embroidery designs especially we should think this
+would be very good.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DRY STAMPING.</h5>
+
+<p>This is done by a process known as pouncing. The process is as
+follows: Place the pattern (rough side up) on the material to be
+stamped, placing heavy weights on the corner to keep it from slipping;
+then rub the powder over the perforations with the pouncet or distributor
+described below till the pattern is clearly marked on the material. This
+can be ascertained by lifting one corner of the pattern slightly. Then
+remove the pattern carefully, lay a piece of thin paper over the stamping
+and pass a hot iron over it. This melts the gum in the powder and
+fastens the pattern to the material. The iron should be as hot as possible
+without scorching the cloth. Should the heat change the color of the
+material, iron it all over. Do not do any stamping by this process on a
+hot or damp day if it can be avoided. Keep the powder in a cool, dry
+place. In stamping with light-colored powder, the best way to fasten it
+is to hold the back of the cloth against the stovepipe or the face of the
+iron. French stamping is better, however, for all dark materials. To
+take the powder up on the distributor, have a tin plate with a piece of
+woolen cloth glued on the bottom, sprinkle a little powder on the cloth,
+and rub the distributor over it, taking care to shake off all the powder
+you can&mdash;enough will remain to stamp the pattern clearly.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE A DISTRIBUTOR.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a strip of fine felt almost an inch wide (a strip from an old
+felt hat is as good as anything), roll it up tightly into a roll, leaving the
+end flat, and rub the end over a piece of sand paper to make it smooth
+and even.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE BLUE POWDER.</h5>
+
+<p>Take equal parts of gum damar and white rosin and just enough
+Persian blue to color it. Mix well together.</p>
+
+<p>Other colors are made the same, using for coloring chrome yellow
+(for light-colored powder), burnt sienna, lampblack, etc. Black powder
+is improved by adding a little blue to it.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE WHITE POWDER.</h5>
+
+<p>Take one ounce white lead; half ounce gum arabic, in the impalpable
+powder; half ounce white rosin, in the fine powder. All well mixed.</p>
+
+
+<h5>SUPERIOR DARK BLUE POWDER.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>One ounce white rosin; one half ounce gum sandarac; one half
+ounce Prussian blue, in fine powder. Mix all thoroughly.</p>
+
+
+<h5>FRENCH INDELIBLE STAMPING.</h5>
+
+<p>This is the best process for all dark materials; in fact, this and the
+blue powder are all that will ever be needed. By this process a kind of
+paint is used instead of powder, and a brush instead of a pouncet. Place
+the pattern on the cloth, smooth side up if you can (though either side
+will work well), weight the pattern down as in stamping. Rub the paint
+evenly over the perforations, and it will leave the lines clean, sharp and
+distinct. After the stamping is done, the pattern must be cleaned
+immediately. This is done by placing the pattern on the table and turning
+benzine or naphtha over it to cut the paint and then wiping the pattern
+dry on both sides with an old cloth, or, better still, with common waste&mdash;such
+as machinists use to clean machinery; this is cheap and absorbs the
+paint and naphtha quickly. Hold the pattern up to the light to see if the
+holes are all clear; if they are not, wash it the second time. Do not use
+the pattern for powder immediately after it has been washed; let it dry a
+short time, otherwise the moistened gum will clog the perforations.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE THE PAINT.</h5>
+
+<p>Take zinc white, mix it with boiled oil to about the thickness of
+cream, add a little drying, such as painters use. Keep in a tin pail (one
+holding about a pint is a good size); have a piece of board cut round,
+with a screw in the center for a handle, to fit <i>loosely</i> into the pail; drop
+this on the paint and it will keep it from drying up. Add a little oil
+occasionally to keep the paint from growing too thick, and it will always
+be ready for use.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE BRUSH.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a fine stencil brush (or any brush with a square end), wind
+it tightly with a string from the handle down to within one half inch of
+the end; this will make it just stiff enough to distribute the paint well.
+Keep the brush in water, to keep it from drying up, taking care to wipe
+off the water before using.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE CARE OF PATTERNS.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>New patterns, before being used, should be rubbed over on the
+rough side with a smooth piece of pumice stone; this wears off the burr
+and makes the stamping come out cleaner and finer. When patterns are
+so large that they have to be folded, iron out the creases before using
+them. After using the patterns for powder stamping, snap the pattern
+to shake the powder from the perforations. After using the patterns for
+paint stamping they should be washed thoroughly with naphtha until
+the perforations are all perfectly clear. Keep the naphtha away from the
+fire. After the pattern has been washed, do not use it for powder until
+it has had time to thoroughly dry, otherwise it will gum up the holes and
+spoil the pattern.</p>
+
+<p>If these directions are carefully followed the stamping will always be
+satisfactory.&mdash;<i>Popular Art Instructor.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XVII" id="CHAPTER_XVII"></a>CHAPTER XVII.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></h4>
+
+<h3>BRONZE WORK.</h3>
+
+
+<p>Bronzing is the latest improvement in waxwork, and if properly
+made cannot be detected from the most expensive artistic bronze. It
+answers for table, mantel, and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to
+dust and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted with
+a feather duster like any piece of furniture, and is a very desirable and
+inexpensive ornament.</p>
+
+<p>The colors required in bronze are: Silver bronze, gold bronze,
+copper bronze, fire bronze, and green bronze.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE ART OF MAKING A VASE IN BRONZE.</h5>
+
+<p>For instruction, let us take a vase to be finished in copper bronze.
+First the vase must be molded. The casting material is one part wax,
+one part spermaceti, two parts mutton tallow. Melt the three articles
+together and color with burnt umber. Have a coil of fine hair wire, cut
+into one-half inch lengths, and when the mixture is melted to the consistency
+of thick cream stir in the cut wire by degrees until there is a
+sprinkling of it throughout the mixture; then pour into the elastic mold
+and let stand till perfectly cold and solid; then loosen the sections of the
+mold and take it out. Should any of the ends of the wire project, they
+can be cut with a pair of sharp scissors. Trim the seams caused by the
+sections of the mold; then take a piece of soft flannel cloth, dip it in
+the refined spirits of turpentine and polish the vase with it, after which it
+is ready for bronzing.</p>
+
+<p>Take copper bronze No. 4000, and with the tinting brush bronze the
+vase evenly, and polish it with a soft piece of white silk. Now take
+another brush and with copper bronze No. 6000 give it the last coat
+The vase is now ready for draping. The most simple drapery is an ivy
+vine. Take an embossed ivy leaf (or embossed muslin leaves, as they
+are named), lay a fine wire along its midrib, leaving two or three inches
+of wire for stem; cover the leaf with brown sheet wax, press them
+together well with the finger and thumb to make the wax adhere to the
+leaf, get the impression, and hold the wire firmly; then lay another piece
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>of wax on the under side, press the edges together and cut away the
+superfluous wax, leaving the edge plain (the ivy leaf is not serrated), cover
+the wire stem with wax and the leaf is ready for bronzing. Rub both
+sides with turpentine, give one coat of bronze No. 4000, then the last
+coat of bronze No. 6000. When all the leaves are finished, weave them
+into a spray, grading them from large to small till the end of the vine is
+reached, then bronze and drape around the vase in an easy, natural way.</p>
+
+<p>The natural fall leaves, pressed, make pretty draperies for these kinds
+of vases. Sprays of mixed leaves, oak leaves and acorns, small maple
+leaves, the holly leaf and berry, mixed ivy and fern leaves, and many
+other kinds of leaves and vines are equally pretty.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE ART OF MAKING A MOTTO IN BRONZE.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a box frame of the ordinary motto-frame size (gilt face) and
+line it with either crimson or royal purple velvet, and it is ready for any
+design. The word &#8220;Welcome&#8221; is the simplest to begin with. Take a
+thick blotting pad, lay it on a table, rub some arrowroot or rice power
+over its upper surface, and lay a sheet of either calla or pond lily wax,
+<i>extra thick</i>, on this powdered surface. Select the style of letter preferred;
+German text is very appropriate for the motto &#8220;Welcome.&#8221; Cut the
+pattern letters out in pasteboard, or any kind of thick paper, if tin letter-cutters
+are not convenient.</p>
+
+<p>Begin with the letter W. Lay it on the sheet of wax and cut out
+the waxen letter after the pattern with a penknife previously dipped in
+water. Next cut the E, and so on till the seven letters are cut out, care
+being taken to powder the blotter every time a new sheet of wax is laid
+on. Lay the back of the box on the table, having melted glue ready,
+and with a camel's-hair brush apply a small portion of it to the back of
+each letter as it is set in its relative position, pressing it gently against the
+velvet with the palm of the hand. The letters should be set an inch
+apart, and when all on the frame should be set away until the glue is
+thoroughly dry and the waxen letters adhere firmly to the velvet, then
+they are ready for ornamenting. This is done in various ways, and all
+depends on the artist's taste, but a few suggestions may not be amiss.</p>
+
+<p>Take a two-inch fern-cutter and cut the ferns out of double sheet
+wax; then bronze them as directed on both sides, either with gold or
+silver bronze. Begin with draping the letter W. Take the stem end of
+the fern leaf and with the bead end of the curling-pin fasten it to the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>lower side of the letter; then turn it over and fasten it down in the
+middle, letting the point turn outward. Set the ferns on the letters in
+such a way as not to obscure their form, <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i>, the form of the letters. If
+the motto is made in white wax it should be frosted with diamond dust.</p>
+
+<p>A pretty style of motto is clasped hands in the center, of pure white
+wax, surrounded with sprays of fine flowers and buds, finished in fire
+bronze.</p>
+
+<p>Another style of motto is a vase in the center, from which vines in
+different colors of bronze run. Green, fire, and copper bronzing should
+have a light background; silver and gold bronzing should have a dark
+background.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE ART OF MAKING A FLORAL BASKET IN BRONZE.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a medium-sized basket (chip or any solid substance), brush it
+with glue on the inside, fill it with moss, and set it away to dry till the
+moss is stuck to the basket. The moss should be raised in the center in
+the form of a mound. Have the wax sheeted in carmine. Make the
+center of the basket in roses, rosebuds, and carnations, as they are the
+most durable. Mold the petals over the embossed muslin petals and
+bronze them with fire bronze&mdash;Nos. 4000 and 6000&mdash;as previously
+directed. Drape the basket and the handle in smilax, having the wax for
+the smilax sheeted in chrome green; then mold over the embossed
+muslin leaves, bronze in green bronze, and drape loosely. Such a basket
+makes a pretty table ornament.</p>
+
+
+<h5>DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING.</h5>
+
+<p>All kinds of ornaments may be made in bronze&mdash;small animals, fish,
+shells, birds, statuary, etc. The mixture for casts should be the same
+shade as the bronze used.</p>
+
+<p>Fish may be bronzed in silver, gold, and copper bronze; shells in
+silver, copper, gold, and some may be tinted with fire bronze on the
+exterior of the shell, but the interior of almost all shells must be tinted
+with paint; dogs in zinc, silver, and copper; birds in almost any shade.</p>
+
+
+<h5>GREEN BRONZE STATUARY.</h5>
+
+<p>Prepare the mixture in chrome green No. 1. A little rosin may be
+added and a thick sprinkling of cut wire. Trim the object and rub with
+spirits of turpentine, then apply the green bronze&mdash;the two numbers, as
+directed.</p>
+
+
+<h5>COPPER BRONZE STATUARY.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Prepare the mixture in burnt umber and proceed as directed.</p>
+
+
+<h5>BRONZING STATUETTES.</h5>
+
+<p>Statuettes, or any object in plaster of Paris, may be made to
+resemble bronze by first rendering the plaster nonabsorbent with drying
+linseed oil and then painting it with a varnish made by grinding waste
+gold leaf with honey or gum water.</p>
+
+<p>Another method is by first painting the article, after it has been
+rendered nonabsorbent, of a dark color made of Prussian blue, yellow
+ochre, and verditer, ground in oil. Before this becomes quite dry,
+bronze powder of several colors should be dusted on those most
+prominent parts which may be supposed to have worn bright. Plaster
+casts may also be made to resemble bronze to a certain extent by merely
+brushing them over with graphite, which is a brilliant blacklead.</p>
+
+
+<h5>METHOD OF MAKING EMBOSSED MUSLIN LEAVES.</h5>
+
+<p>Take a piece of green muslin or calico and size it well with isinglass,
+then take the natural leaf, lay the sized piece of muslin over it on the
+under or veined side of the leaf, let the muslin remain on it till almost
+dry and the impression is set; then with a pair of sharp scissors cut
+the muslin around the leaf, either plain or serrated.</p>
+
+<p>The impression may be taken of any leaf or flower in this way.
+The use of muslin leaves tends to make the work more durable and is
+found very convenient for the artist.</p>
+
+
+<h5>THE ART OF MAKING EXOTIC LEAVES.</h5>
+
+<p>The begonia rex makes a beautiful parlor plant. Five or seven
+leaves make a nice-sized plant: Select five or seven healthy begonia
+leaves of different sizes, as no two leaves of the rex are of one size on
+the same plant. Cut the leaves closely off the stem and immerse them
+in a solution of cold water and castile soap. Leave them in this twelve
+hours before using. Melt the wax to the consistency of cream, in chrome
+green, permanent green, dark olive-green, and verdigris-green. Now
+take a leaf out of the soapsuds and lay it on a marble slab, keeping the
+under surface or veined side uppermost; then with a camel's-hair brush
+lay on the melted wax in different shades, following the shades of the
+natural leaf. The soapsuds having made the leaf transparent, all the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>shades and spots can be plainly seen on the veined side, which is the
+side the waxen leaf has to be formed on. The belt of light green over
+the silvery markings of the leaf should be put on with verdigris-green.
+Begin the leaf in the center and continue on each side of the midrib till
+the edge is reached and the leaf has a thick coating of wax. Then lay a
+wire along the midrib or center of the leaf, fasten it in the wax by
+pressing, care being taken to leave it long enough for eight or nine inches
+of stem. Wire must also be laid on all the side ribs or veins leading to
+the midrib. These small wires are all brought to the center wire and laid
+evenly by its side till they all come to the stem, where they are all
+twisted around it to form one long, thick stem. Give the leaf another
+coating of dark olive-green wax (this covers the wires), then finish with a
+thin coating of burnt umber tinted with Vandyke brown, and the under
+surface of the leaf is finished. Remove the natural leaf from the waxen
+and tint the veins lightly with carmine. Brush a little carmine loosely
+on the darkest shade in the center of the leaf, and before it sticks blow off
+as much as possible, when enough will be left to give it that reddish-green
+tint peculiar to the begonia rex leaf. The next is to finish the
+silver belt or silvery leaf-markings midway between the center and the
+edge of the leaf. This strip must be rubbed with spirits of turpentine;
+then with the tinting brush apply a coating of silver bronze (Nos. 4000
+and 6000), care being taken that the bronze does not scatter over the
+leaf. Now the leaf is finished.</p>
+
+<p>If the work is done according to directions, the waxen leaf will be a
+true copy of the original. Continue in the same way till all the leaves are
+made, then wax the stems and run them through the begonia stemming,
+when they may be arranged in their natural growing manner in a flowerpot
+filled with moss; or, if preferred, the flowerpot may be filled with
+wax, in <i>terre-verte</i> green, and the stems must be placed in it before the
+wax gets hard.</p>
+
+
+<h5>HOW TO MAKE BEGONIA STEMMING.</h5>
+
+<p>Procure the bristles of a very young pig, five or six weeks old.
+After washing, put them in a very strong solution of chloride of lime and
+let them remain in it till whitened; then rinse well in warm water till free
+from chlorine. Color them while damp, some in different shades of green
+and some in different shades of brown. After the bristles are ready, the
+next thing is to make the stemming. Take a square piece of cambric and
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span>fasten it in a stretcher, then give it a thick coating of mastic varnish, and
+when the varnish is dry cut the cambric on a true bias into straight strips
+of different widths, from an inch to two inches, and half a yard in length.
+Lay one of these strips on a table or some smooth surface, add
+another coat of varnish, then cover it with glaucous green flock, care being
+taken to leave a narrow margin bare on one side to lap under the other
+when the piping is being made. Dip the bristles in mastic varnish,
+sprinkle them thickly over the flock, and leave for twenty-four hours to
+dry; when thoroughly dry, revarnish the bare edge, and turn it in underneath
+the other edge, thus forming the strip into a pipe, ready to receive
+the wire stems of the leaves. Brown and crimson flock may be used.</p>
+
+<p>For begonia rex, use crimson flock; for the rubra, use glaucous
+flock; and for the palmata, use brown flock. Very good stemming may
+be made by tinting canton flannel, which has a very long nap or pile.</p>
+
+
+<h5>GERANIUM LEAVES&mdash;ROSE GERANIUM.</h5>
+
+<p>This leaf is of a dark chrome green. Prepare the wax in two shades,
+dark chrome green and light; immerse the leaves in soapsuds for six
+hours; take out of the soapsuds and lay it on the marble slab. As there
+is neither shading nor marking on the leaf, all that is required is to give it a
+coat of dark chrome green, thick enough to prevent the wires from
+showing; then lay the wires over the veins and coat them over with a
+light shade of green. Remove the natural leaf, and as the texture of the
+rose geranium leaf is rather rough, rub it over with green flock mixed with
+hair powder. The stems may be left in different lengths.</p>
+
+<p>The best directions that we can give for the tinting and marking of
+leaves is to copy from nature. The cyclamen leaf is well adapted for the
+practice of marking and tinting.</p>
+
+<p>The leaf of the pond lily, lotus, canna, maranta, rubber tree,
+magnolia, camellia, orange, and all leaves which have a waxy surface,
+should either be varnished or bronzed.</p>
+
+<p>All kinds of leaves may be made by the foregoing directions.&mdash;<i>Popular
+Art Instructor.</i></p>
+
+
+<h5>DECALCOMANIA.</h5>
+
+<p>This is another name for a style that has been in vogue for an indefinite,
+period of time, and comes under the head of transferring. It is
+almost superfluous to mention the variety of purposes to which decalcomania
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span>may be applied, as it can be transferred upon everything for which
+ornamentation is required, and the variety of designs which are printed
+especially for it is so great that something may easily be procured to suit
+the taste of the most fastidious.</p>
+
+<p>A few of the articles that may be decorated can be mentioned by way
+of showing what a variety this style of ornamentation will embrace: All
+kinds of crockery, china, porcelain, vases, glass, bookcases, folios, boxes,
+lap desks, ribbons, dresses, etc. The method of transferring beautiful
+designs is so simple, and all the materials requisite for the art so easily
+procured, that it brings it within the means of everyone. Flat surfaces
+are more suitable than concave or convex ones for this style of decorating,
+for when the surface is curved the design has to be cut to accommodate
+the shape, and in this way is often spoiled unless done by the most careful
+and skillful hand. The materials required are cement, copal varnish,
+designs, a duck-quill sable, and a flat camel's-hair brush.</p>
+
+<p>Cut your designs neatly with a small pair of scissors, apply the
+cement by means of the sable to the article to be decorated, place on
+your design and press equally over its entire surface to exclude the air;
+dampen it a little and keep pressing equally so that the design may adhere
+firmly in every part. When the cement is sufficiently dry dampen again
+with water (a little more freely) and remove the paper. Be careful in
+manipulating this process, or you will remove some of the colored part
+with it. If such should occur, instantly replace it as well as you are able,
+or, if you have a knowledge of Oriental painting, your panacea will
+be in that. You can retouch with these colors and bring it back nearly
+to its original beauty. In case you have no knowledge of Oriental
+painting, match the colors as nearly as possible with water-color paints,
+allow time to dry, and varnish with copal.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes the cement becomes too thick for use. It may be
+restored to its proper flowing consistency by placing the bottle in a bed
+of warm sand, and can then be applied while warm. If you apply your
+design to a dark groundwork, it would be desirable to give your picture a
+coating of Winsor and Newton's Chinese white. The reason for this is
+that some parts of the picture are semi-transparent, and these would lose
+their brilliancy if transferred directly upon a dark background without
+first painting.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TRANSFER ON WOOD.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span></h5>
+
+<p>Dissolve some salt in soft water, float your engraving on the surface&mdash;picture
+side uppermost&mdash;and let it remain about an hour. The screen,
+box or table on which you wish to transfer the design should be of bird's-eye
+maple or other light-colored hardwood, varnished with the best copal
+or transfer varnish.</p>
+
+<p>Take the picture from the water, dry a little between blotters, place
+the engraving&mdash;picture side downwards&mdash;on the varnished wood and
+smooth it nicely. If the picture entirely covers the wood after the margin
+has been cut off so that no varnish is exposed, lay over it a thin board,
+on which place a heavy weight, and leave it for twenty-four hours. If you
+wish but a small picture in the center of the surface of the wood, apply
+the varnish only to a space the size of the picture. Dip your finger in
+the solution of salt and water and commence rubbing off the paper; the
+nearer you come to the engraving the more careful you must be, as a hole
+in it will spoil your work. Rub slowly and patiently until you have taken
+off every bit of the paper and left only the black lines and touches of
+your picture on the wood, in an inverted direction. Finish up with two
+or three coats of copal varnish.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO TRANSFER ON SILK.</h5>
+
+<p>Apply a coating of mastic varnish to the design and allow it to dry;
+then with a brush wash the paper surrounding the design carefully; this
+removes from the paper the preparation, which would otherwise soil the
+silk. Apply a second coating of the same varnish, and when this is
+slightly dried place the design upon the silk or other fabric to be decorated,
+and with the roller press it well down. With the brush wet the back of
+the paper covering the design, when the paper may be at once lifted off.
+Another method is to cut out the design carefully and cover it with a thin
+coating of mastic varnish, and lay it upon the silk or other fabric (which
+should be dampened) and roll thoroughly with a rubber roller; dampen
+the back of the paper with the brush and lift it off as previously directed.</p>
+
+
+<h5>TO MAKE WAX FLOWERS.</h5>
+
+<p>The following articles will be required to commence waxwork: Two
+pounds white wax, one quarter pound hair wire, one bottle carmine,
+one bottle ultramarine blue, one bottle chrome yellow, two bottles chrome
+green No. 1, one bottle each of rose pink, royal purple, scarlet powder,
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>and balsam fir; two dozen sheets white wax. This will do to begin with.
+Now have a clean tin dish, and pour therein a quart or two of water; then
+put in about one pound of the white wax and let it boil. When cool
+enough so the bubbles will not form on top it is ready to sheet, which is
+done as follows: Take half of a window pane, 7 &times; 9, and, after having
+washed it clean, dip into a dish containing weak soapsuds; then dip into
+the wax, and draw it out steadily and plunge it into the suds, when the
+sheet will readily come off. Lay it on a cloth or clean paper to dry.
+Proceed in like manner until you have enough of the white; then add
+enough of the green powder to make a bright color, and heat and stir
+thoroughly until the color is evenly distributed, then proceed as for sheeting
+white wax. The other colors are rubbed into the leaves after they are
+cut out, rubbing light or heavy according to shade.</p>
+
+<p>For patterns you can use any natural leaf, forming the creases in wax
+with the thumb nail or a needle. To put the flowers together, or the
+leaves on to the stem, hold in the hand until warm enough to stick. If the
+sheeted wax is to be used in summer, put in a little balsam of fir to make
+it hard. If for winter, none will be required.</p>
+
+<p>You can make many flowers without a teacher, but one to assist in
+the commencement would be a great help, though the most particular
+thing about it is to get the wax sheeted. The materials I have suggested
+can be procured at any drug store, and will cost from $3.00 to $4.50.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><a name="CHAPTER_XVIII" id="CHAPTER_XVIII"></a>CHAPTER XVIII.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></h4>
+
+
+<p>Dear lady subscriber, if you are a housekeeper, or ever intend to be
+one, this chapter will more than repay you for what you have given for
+this book. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of your household
+expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles you use
+in your daily household work of a superior quality&mdash;vastly better than
+the ones you are using at the present time.</p>
+
+<p>It is a fact not generally known that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the price
+the consumer pays for them. We propose to show the ladies of our great
+Continent how to have, in most instances, better articles than those they
+are in the habit of purchasing, and at a small percentage of the cost. To
+do this, we have, by our own personal investigation, gathered a number
+of valuable recipes together, and have paid for the privilege of using
+them. Remember, these are not common recipes, but a full explanation
+of the manufacture of different articles needed in every household; and
+they combine the embodied wisdom of practical and successful men and
+women of the past and present.</p>
+
+<p>We give in this chapter a number of recipes which have never before
+been published, and which, once possessing, you will never wish to be
+without, as they are truly marvelous discoveries. The first three every
+mother should have; the remainder no housekeeper should be without.</p>
+
+<p>No. 1 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>HEALING SALVE.</h5>
+
+<p>This salve heals all sores, chaps, cuts, bruises, sore lips, chafed limbs,
+roughness, etc. It is invaluable as a healing ointment and may be
+applied to the tenderest skin without injury, and yet it will heal the most
+painful sores. A three-ounce box will only cost you ten cents, and the
+directions are so plain that a child can follow them.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> Take one ounce of sweet oil, one-half ounce of camphor
+gum, and one-half ounce of mutton tallow. Melt all together over a slow
+fire, and stir continually until cold.</p>
+
+<p><i>To use:</i> Rub on part affected at night; wash off in the morning
+with warm water and castile soap.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span>No. 2 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>MAGNETIC CROUP CURE.</h5>
+
+<p>This is the best remedy for croup ever discovered. It will save parents
+much trouble and anxiety. With this remedy all that is necessary is (if
+you have any fear of croup on putting your child to bed) to take a piece
+of brown paper large enough to cover the throat and chest and spread it
+with the ointment and put across the throat and lungs; place over that
+several thicknesses of flannel so as to keep the stomach warm, and keep
+in place with a string or bandage. Put the child to bed, and you need
+have no fear of croup that night. This ointment is also excellent for cuts,
+bruises or sores. Twelve cents will make enough to last a year, even if
+you use it frequently.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> One-half pound of lard, quarter of a pound of raisins,
+quarter pound of fine cut chewing tobacco. In the morning place the
+tobacco in a tin can and cover it with water; set it on the stove and let it
+cook and boil all day, replacing the water when it is necessary; then
+squeeze all the juice from the tobacco. The next morning chop your
+raisins, put them in the tobacco water and cook well till noon; then again
+squeeze the raisins out of this water. Now to this water add the lard
+and let them simmer together until the water is evaporated. Now the
+croup remedy is ready for use. On putting the child to bed, if you fear
+an attack, take a piece of brown paper large enough to cover the throat
+and chest and spread it over with the ointment and put it across the
+throat and lungs. Place over that and tie several thicknesses of flannel;
+put the child to bed, cover up warmly, and you need have no fear of
+croup that night.</p>
+
+<p>If taken with croup unexpectedly, on hearing the cough, spread a
+piece of brown paper with the ointment and lay it across the throat and
+chest; then heat flannel as hot as can be borne and lay over the paper;
+change in about ten minutes for another hot cloth. If no fire is on while
+waiting for it, heat cloths on a lamp chimney. As soon as you get the
+stomach covered and warm, give a teaspoonful of melted butter; repeat
+the dose in five minutes.</p>
+
+<p>No. 3 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>WORM ELIXIR.</h5>
+
+<p>The best remedy for worms known. No mother should be without it.
+Also, if given occasionally it is a splendid preventive. Children will
+never be troubled with worms who are given a dose of this once a month,
+or fortnight.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span><i>Recipe:</i> Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron,
+sage leaves, and tansy leaves, of each half an ounce; tincture in a pint
+of brandy two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to
+once a month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms
+as long as you do this.</p>
+
+
+<h6>WORM VERMIFUGE.</h6>
+
+<p>Make a strong decoction of sage, two parts; wormseed, one part;
+strain, and add sugar enough to make into candy, and let the child eat
+of it. Infallible.</p>
+
+<p>No. 4 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>BRILLIANT SELF-SHINING STOVE POLISH.</h5>
+
+<p>This is one of the greatest inventions of the age. It has been the
+result of a large amount of study on the part of the inventor to perfect a
+polish that would work easily and satisfactorily in a perfectly dry state,
+thereby obviating the disagreeable task of mixing and preparing. A good
+stove polish is an absolute necessity in every family. To be assured that
+this is the best you need give it only one trial. Now, remember, first,
+that this polish requires no water or mixing like the various cake and
+powder polishes; second, that it is self-shining and no labor is required;
+and third, that it has no equal in the world.</p>
+
+<p>Below are the recipe and directions for preparing this polish. You
+can prepare enough in ten minutes to last a year. A box holding two
+ounces will cost but three cents.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> Get from the hardware store plumbago (blacklead), pulverize
+it finely and it is ready for use.</p>
+
+<p><i>Directions for use:</i> Use a damp woolen rag, dip in the polish and
+apply to the stove; then rub with a dry cloth, and a most beautiful polish
+will appear.</p>
+
+<p>No. 5 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>WONDERFUL STARCH ENAMEL.</h5>
+
+<p>For polishing shirt bosoms, collars, cuffs, lace curtains, etc., putting
+on the same gloss and hard pearl finish as when bought at the store new.
+Every lady should use the wonderful enamel for the following reasons:
+It enables an ordinary ironer to compete with any laundry; it makes the
+clothes clear and white; it makes clothes iron smoothly, and prevents the
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>iron sticking; it makes old linen look like new; and it saves a woman
+many hours' hard work each week. It is easily made, and five cents'
+worth will last an ordinary family six months.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> Melt half a pound of refined paraffine wax in a tin pan
+over a slow fire. When melted remove from the fire and add twenty
+drops of oil of citronella. Take a tin pan and oil with sweet oil, put the
+pan on a level table, and pour in enough of the hot wax to make a depth
+of an eighth of an inch. When cool, but not cold, cut in pieces about
+the size of an ordinary candy lozenge. Lay them aside to cool, but do
+not let them touch each other.</p>
+
+<p><i>Directions for use:</i> To a pint of boiling starch stir in one cake.
+Use starch while warm.</p>
+
+<p>No. 6 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>ROYAL WASHING POWDER</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent">&mdash;the laundress' assistant; warranted not to injure the finest fabric. No
+acid; no potash. In the wash room it saves time, labor, expense,
+muscle, temper, and hands. The clothes will come out cleaned and
+white, without wear or tear or rubbing on washboards, therefore will last
+twice as long. For housecleaning it is unequaled. One girl can wash
+more clothes, paint, walls, windows or floors in a day with perfect ease
+with this powder than she could in four days with hard labor, soap, and
+scrubbing brush, and the paint will look new and bright. It only requires
+to be tested to be appreciated. Packages of one pound will only cost
+seven cents.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> Mix any quantity of soda ash with an equal quantity of
+carbonate of soda crushed into coarse grains. Have a thin solution of
+glue or decoction of linseed oil ready, into which pour the soda until
+quite thick. Spread out in a warm apartment to dry. When dry shake
+up well and pack away for use. Use as other washing powders.</p>
+
+<p>No. 7 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>MAGIC ANNIHILATOR.</h5>
+
+<p>Removes all kinds of grease and oil spots from every kind of
+wearing-apparel&mdash;such as coats, pants, vests, dress goods, carpets, etc.&mdash;without
+injury to the finest silks or laces. It will shampoo like a charm,
+raising the lather in proportion to the amount of dandruff and grease in
+the hair. A cloth wet with it will remove all grease from door knobs,
+window sills, etc., handled by kitchen domestics in their daily round of
+kitchen work. For cleaning silver, brass, and copper ware it cannot be
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>beaten. It is certain death to bedbugs, for they will never stop after
+they have encountered the Magic Annihilator. It is useful for many
+other things. A quart bottle costs about ten cents.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> To make half a gallon, take aqua ammonia, one pint; soft
+water, one-half gallon; best white soap, one-half pound; saltpetre, one
+ounce. Shave the soap fine, add the water, boil until the soap is
+dissolved, then add the saltpetre, stirring until dissolved. Now strain,
+let the suds settle, skim off the dry suds, add the ammonia, and bottle
+and cork at once.</p>
+
+<p><i>Directions for use:</i> For grease spots, pour upon the article to be
+cleaned a sufficient quantity of the Magic Annihilator, rubbing well with
+a clean sponge and applying to both sides of the article. Upon carpets
+and coarse goods where the grease is hard and dry use a stiff brush and
+wash out with clear cold water. For shampooing, take a small quantity,
+with an equal quantity of water; apply to the hair with a stiff brush,
+brushing into the scalp, and wash out with clear water. For killing
+bedbugs, apply to the places they frequent.</p>
+
+<p>No. 8 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>I&nbsp;X&nbsp;L BAKING POWDER.</h5>
+
+<p>An unsurpassed article. Can be relied on for strength and purity. So
+many of the baking powders sold contain injurious substances and are
+altogether unreliable. This powder can be relied on for strength and
+purity. It produces the most delightfully white, light and flaky biscuits.
+For cakes it is unsurpassed. Try it and be convinced. This powder is
+composed of the very best and purest substances, and therefore is
+perfectly wholesome. Any lady can prepare enough in a few minutes
+to last her six months. It will only cost a trifle&mdash;not one-quarter of
+what you would have to pay your grocer for the same amount.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> Take one pound of <i>tartaric</i> acid (in <i>crystals</i>), one and one-half
+pounds bicarbonate of soda, and one and one-half pounds of potato
+or corn starch. Each must be powdered separately, well dried by a slow
+fire, and well mixed through a sieve. Pack hard in a tin, or paper glazed
+on the outside. Buy the articles from a druggist.</p>
+
+<p><i>Directions for use:</i> For biscuits, pie crust, johnnycake, etc., use
+three teaspoonfuls to one quart of flour or meal; for cakes, two teaspoonfuls
+to a teacup of flour. Mix well with the flour.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>No. 9 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>ELECTRIC POWDER.</h5>
+
+<p>This is one of the best articles on our list&mdash;something that every
+housekeeper needs. It is used for gold, silver, plated ware, German
+silver, copper, brass, tin, steel, window glass, or any material where a
+brilliant luster is required. To make two ounces costs but three cents,
+and it is the best article of its kind known.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> To one pound best quality whiting add one-half pound
+cream tartar and three ounces calcined magnesia. Mix thoroughly together
+and store away for use.</p>
+
+<p><i>Directions for use:</i> Use the polish dry, with a piece of canton
+flannel moistened with water or alcohol, and finish with the polish dry.</p>
+
+<p>No. 10 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>FRENCH POLISH OR DRESSING FOR LEATHER.</h5>
+
+<p>This is a grand article. All that is necessary is to have your boots
+clean and apply this dressing with a sponge. The boots appear like the
+very best French leather. Much hard work is saved, as no brushing is
+required. To make a quart vessel full will only cost about twenty cents.</p>
+
+<p><i>Recipe:</i> Mix half a pint of the best vinegar with a quarter pint of
+soft water; stir into it one ounce of glue (broken up), two ounces log-wood
+chips, one-sixteenth ounce of finely-powdered indigo, one-sixteenth
+ounce of the best soft soap, one-sixteenth ounce of isinglass. Put the
+mixture over the fire, let it boil ten minutes or more; then strain, bottle
+and cork. When cold it is fit for use. Apply with a sponge.</p>
+
+<p>No. 11 is</p>
+
+
+<h5>ARTIFICIAL HONEY.</h5>
+
+<p>Equal to bee honey, and often mistaken by the best judges to be
+genuine. It is palatable and luxurious. All persons are more or less
+aware that honey should be used in every household, and it would be so
+if every family could have it at a very moderate price. As a health-establishing
+nutriment in the chamber of the invalid, and as a delicious
+luxury for the well, honey cannot be too highly recommended. Any one
+using this honey regularly will find that he is strengthened and refreshed
+by it. He will have greater energy and if at all inclined to dyspepsia
+will find himself greatly helped. This honey costs but eight cents per
+pound to prepare, and our directions are so simple a child ten years old
+can follow them.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span><i>Recipe:</i> Take two ounces of slippery elm bark and put into three
+quarts of warm water and let it stand four hours; strain and add eight
+pounds of white sugar; boil four minutes; then add one pound of bee
+honey while hot. Flavor with a drop of the oil of peppermint and a
+drop of the oil of rose.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Any lady will readily see what a saving the possession of the above
+recipes may cause in her household expense. Thus, you can get a ten
+cent box of stove polish for three cents, a twenty-five cent package of
+washing powder for seven cents, a twenty-five cent box of starch enamel
+for five cents, etc. Any of the articles contained in the list will take but
+a short time to prepare a large supply.</p>
+
+
+<h5>POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES.</h5>
+
+<p>The first thing to do in a case of poisoning is to cause the ejection
+of the poison by vomiting. To do this, place mustard mixed with salt
+on the tongue and give large quantities of lukewarm water; or, tickle the
+throat with a feather. These failing, instantly resort to active emetics, like
+tartar emetic, sulphate of copper or sulphate of zinc. After vomiting
+has taken place with these, aid it, if possible, by copious draughts of warm
+water until the poison is entirely removed. Of course, if vomiting cannot
+be induced the stomach pump must be employed, especially if arsenic or
+narcotics have been taken. The following table may be useful for emergencies:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table summary="poisons-antidotes">
+<tr><td style="text-align: center"><small>POISONS.</small></td><td style="padding-left: 10em"><small>ANTIDOTES.</small></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Acids,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Alkalies: Soap and milk, chalk or soda.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alkalies,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Vegetable acids, vinegar, oil in abundance.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alcohol,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Common salt, moderately.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Arsenic,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Send for the doctor and his stomach pump.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Antimony,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Oak bark, strong green tea.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Baryta or lime,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Epsom salts, oils, magnesia.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Bismuth,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">White of eggs, sweet milk.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Copper,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">White of eggs, strong coffee.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Gases,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Cold douche, followed by friction.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Iodine,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Starch, wheat flour in water.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Creosote,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">White of eggs, sweet milk.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Lead,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Strong lemonade, Epsom salts.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Opium and other narcotics,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Emetics, cold douche, and heat.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Phosphorus,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Magnesia in copious draughts.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zinc,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">White of eggs, sweet milk.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Mad-dog bite,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Apply fire in some form to the wound, thoroughly and immediately.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Bite of insect,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Ammonia, applied freely.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Bite of serpent,</td><td style="padding-left: 4em">Same as for mad dog, followed by whisky to intoxication.</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The foregoing are the more common and more important poisons<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>
+and their antidotes.&mdash;<i>Buckeye.</i></p>
+
+
+<h5>TURKISH LOTION.</h5>
+
+<p class="noindent"><i>The New and Wonderful Discovery for Beautifying the Skin.</i></p>
+
+<p>Gives to a woman of forty the fresh, bright complexion of a girl.
+No more wrinkles, crow's-feet or sallowness.</p>
+
+<p>Turkish Lotion completely cures freckles, pimples, blackheads,
+moles and superfluous hair, tan, greasy skin, blotches, redness, sore or
+chapped lips, chapped and red, rough hands; and, best of all, completely
+eradicates and prevents wrinkles, crow's-feet, and sallowness.</p>
+
+<p>Turkish Lotion creates a perfect complexion.</p>
+
+<p>After using Turkish Lotion for a short time a lady's skin will be as
+exquisitely soft and velvety, as clear and pure, as that of a little child.
+It is not an artificial cosmetic, but a cleansing, refining, whitening tonic.
+It feeds and nourishes the skin, preventing and banishing wrinkles,
+crow's-feet, and sallowness. It is perfectly harmless and composed of
+the purest ingredients.</p>
+
+<p>Turkish Lotion is invaluable to every lady. It conceals the
+evidences of age. By its use a lady of middle-age will have the charming,
+fresh look of a girl. Every womanly woman desires to appear fresh and
+youthful as long as possible, thereby making herself the wonder of her
+own sex and the admiration of the opposite. By using this lotion
+according to directions every lady may have a fresh, rosy tinted complexion
+of exquisite pearly fairness, free from wrinkles, crow's-feet, and
+sallowness.</p>
+
+<p>One application will make the most stubbornly red and rough hands
+beautifully soft and white.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>Turkish Lotion is not a paint or powder, but a new and great
+discovery&mdash;a cleansing, healing, whitening tonic that causes the cheek to
+glow with healthy action of the skin, and the neck, arms and hands to
+assume an exquisite pearly whiteness. By its use all redness and
+roughness is prevented and the skin is beautified and rendered soft,
+smooth, and white, thereby imparting a delicate, refined loveliness
+impossible to describe. Any lady using Turkish Lotion will present a
+fresh, youthful, natural appearance, with a pearly, rose-tinted complexion
+that is positively bewitching. It is without doubt the best face lotion
+ever discovered, being as it is a medicated lotion possessing healing
+qualities. Many ladies are troubled during cold weather with sore lips,
+rough, parched skin, and chapped hands upon the slightest exposure.
+By moistening at night with this wash the parts affected, all soreness and
+roughness will be completely cured and the face and hands will be as
+delicately soft and smooth as those of a little child.</p>
+
+<p>No one need suffer any longer from any defect of the skin.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p><i>Recipe for Turkish Lotion:</i> To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum
+benzoin add seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half ounce
+of glycerine.</p>
+
+<p><i>Directions for use:</i> Bathe face, neck, and hands with Turkish
+Lotion at night, letting it dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very
+little pure white castile soap and soft water. If the water is hard, add a
+very little dissolved borax. This will prevent and cure greasy skin,
+freckles, tan, wrinkles, pimples, blackheads, crow's-feet, blotches, sunburn,
+chapped hands, sore lips, rough skin, etc.</p>
+
+<p><i>To Cure Sallowness:</i> Use as above directed, and ask your druggist
+for some good iron tablets. Take as directed. In a short time your complexion
+will be beautifully white and rose-tinted.</p>
+
+<p><i>To Remove Hairy Moles and Superfluous Hair:</i> Procure prepared
+pumice stone from your druggist; cut the hair as close as possible to the
+skin, dip the pumice in cold water and rub on the part on which the
+hairs grow, commencing gently at first (as it may cause slight irritation of
+the skin), then gradually increase the friction. After using the pumice
+stone, anoint freely each time with Turkish Lotion. Do this twice daily,
+and it will surely remove superfluous hair.</p>
+
+<p>Always, after using Turkish Lotion, rub gently with the hands until the
+skin becomes dry. This will remove and prevent wrinkles and lines.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></h2>
+
+
+<table summary="index">
+<tr><td class="alignleft">&nbsp;</td><td class="alignright"><small>PAGE.</small></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Almond paste for the hands,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Apt to be hasty,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">All is fair in love and war,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_81">81</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Age to marry, the best,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Age of puberty to marriage, from the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_107">107</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">A happy marriage, the basis of,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_118">118</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Abortion,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Abortion, the cause of,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_129">129</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Abortion, means of preventing,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_133">133</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Amenorrh&#339;a&mdash;suppression of the menses,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_140">140</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Alterative, or liver powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Anti-dyspeptic pills,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Ague pills,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_148">148</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Ague drops,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_149">149</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Anodyne headache pills,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_149">149</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Arrowroot jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_157">157</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Arrowroot gruel,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_159">159</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Autumn leaves and ferns, to prepare,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_181">181</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Articles of white zephyr, to clean,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_184">184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Artificial honey,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_205">205</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Breath, to purify the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bleach and purify the skin, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bloom rose,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Brilliant, beautiful eyes, how to have,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Beautiful eyelashes, how to have,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Beautiful mouth and lips, to have a,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_39">39</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bleaching lotion,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_47">47</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Baldness, to cure,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bleach the hair, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Boston Burnet powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Birth of the first child,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_89">89</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bleeding at the lungs,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_151">151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Barley water,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_157">157</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bread jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_159">159</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Beef liquid,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_159">159</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Beef tea,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bedbugs, to get rid of,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_166">166</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bleach the leaves, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_181">181</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bluing,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_183">183</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Blue powder, to make,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_188">188</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Brush, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_189">189</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bronze work,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_191">191</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bronzing, directions for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_193">193</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Bronzing statuettes,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Begonia stemming, to make,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_195">195</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Brilliant self-shining stove polish,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_202">202</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cleopatra's freckle balm,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure profuse perspiration, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cleopatra's enamel,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure freckles, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cosmetic bath, a,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Certain cure for eruptions,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Clear the complexion, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure and refine a blotched skin, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure and prevent wrinkles, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure weak eyes, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure watery and inflamed eyes, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Care of the teeth, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure foul breath, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure toothache, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Camphorated chalk,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Camphor paste,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cure red hands, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Coarse hands, to whiten,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_49">49</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Chapped hands,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cause the skin to become satin-smooth, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cause the bloom of youth to return,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_52">52</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cause the hair to grow, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Charm those whom you meet, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Courtship a momentous matter,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_83">83</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Conception,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Change, a remarkable,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Changes in the breast,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Childbirth a natural process,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_123">123</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cramps of the legs, etc.,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_126">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Chlorosis, or green sickness,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_137">137</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cessation of the menses&mdash;change of life,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_141">141</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cathartic and liver pills,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_147">147</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Certain remedy for ague,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_148">148</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Consumption, for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_151">151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cough syrup,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_152">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cough mixture,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_152">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Compound tincture of myrrh,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_152">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cordial for summer complaints,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_153">153</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Coffee milk,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Crust, coffee,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_161">161</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Cranberry water,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_161">161</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Chicken broth,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_161">161</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Calves'-foot jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_162">162</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Chambers,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_176">176</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Coffee starch,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_183">183</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Copper bronze,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Decayed teeth, for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Decayed teeth, mixture for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Dye the hair flaxen, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Days of the week&mdash;their importance,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Duration of pregnancy,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_123">123</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Diet, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Detection of pregnancy, sure test for the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_127">127</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Delayed menstruation,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_135">135</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Duty of mothers,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_135">135</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Dyspeptic ley,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_148">148</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_154">154</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Deafness,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_155">155</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Drink in dysentery,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_161">161</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Drunkenness, to cure,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_168">168</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Different kinds of perfume, to make,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_169">169</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Dining-room,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_177">177</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Do your own stamping, how to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_187">187</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Dry stamping,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_188">188</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Distributor, to make a,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_188">188</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Dark blue powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_189">189</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Decalcomania,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_196">196</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eruptions,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Extreme paleness,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_26">26</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Excoriations,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_28">28</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eyes, to cure weak,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eyes, to care watery and inflamed,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eyes, general care of,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eyelashes, to improve the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eyelashes, to have beautiful,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Elegant hair, to have,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Electrical psychology,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Early marriage,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Everything for love,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_111">111</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Expectorant tincture,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_152">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Eggs,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_165">165</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Extract the essential oil from flowers, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_168">168</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Enamel for shirt bosoms,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_184">184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Exotic leaves,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Electric powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_205">205</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Freckles,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Freckles, to remove,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_29">29</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Flesh-worms, to remove,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">French face wash,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">French lip salve,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fine tooth powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Finger nails, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_49">49</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">French remedy for baldness,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fortunate and unfortunate days,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fondness for cousins,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_95">95</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Flirtation,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">False sense of duty,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_112">112</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Falling of the womb,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_143">143</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fever powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_149">149</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">French milk porridge,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fluid, No. 1, 2, and 3,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_163">163</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fresh-blown flowers in winter,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_166">166</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Flour starch,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_184">184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fine starch,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_184">184</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Fruit stains,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_185">185</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Flannels, to wash,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_186">186</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Floral basket in bronze,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_193">193</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">French polish for leather,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_205">205</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">German lip salve,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Golden hair secret, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_62">62</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Gestation, period of,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Gum acacia restorative,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_164">164</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Get rid of bedbugs and mosquitoes, how to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_166">166</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Gall soap,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_183">183</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Grease, to take out,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_185">185</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Green bronze,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_193">193</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Geranium leaves,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_196">196</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hands, chapped,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_52">52</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair restorative,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair, to bleach,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair, to dye flaxen,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair, keeping curled and crimped,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair, powder for preserving,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair to make grow quickly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hair falling out, to prevent,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Human temperaments, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_66">66</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">How to charm those whom you meet,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Hop bitters,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_146">146</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Home decoration,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_171">171</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">House plants, to care for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_179">179</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Healing salve,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_200">200</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Itch, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_17">17</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Improve the skin, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Improving the hair, for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Important advice to females,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Inverted toe-nail,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_156">156</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Irish moss jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_158">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Isinglass jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_158">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Iron rust, to remove,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_185">185</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">I&nbsp;X&nbsp;L baking powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_204">204</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Kalydor for the complexion,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Lemon cream,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Lip salve, white, No. 1,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Lip salve, No. 2,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Love and respect,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_77">77</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Love and marriage,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_94">94</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Leucorrh&#339;a, whites, flour albus,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_144">144</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Laziness, to cure,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_168">168</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Milk of roses,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Mouth pastilles,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Mixture for shampoo,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Mesmerism,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Marriage,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_73">73</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Married people,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_102">102</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Monogamy,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_116">116</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Marriage customs,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_117">117</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Morning sickness,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_126">126</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Menstruation,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Malt infusion,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_164">164</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Milk for infants,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_165">165</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Magnetic croup cure,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_201">201</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Magic annihilator,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_203">203</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Necessary evils,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_109">109</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Nutritive fluids,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_162">162</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Preparation for whitening the skin,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pimples, to remove,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pomade d'Hebe,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Preservative tincture for the teeth,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Powder for preserving the hair,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Polygamy,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_125">125</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Polyandry,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_117">117</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pregnancy, labor, parturition,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_121">121</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Parturient balm,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Premature labor,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_128">128</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pills for asthma,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_151">151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pills for chronic bronchitis,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_151">151</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pills for neuralgia,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_151">151</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pills for dysentery,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_150">150</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Pile ointment,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_155">155</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Panado,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Prevent horses being teased by flies,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_167">167</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Prevent flies lighting on windows, pictures, etc.,</td> <td class="alignright"><a href="#Page_167">167</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Poisons and their antidotes,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_206">206</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rouge, liquid,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rye tooth powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Red hands, to cure,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rough hands, to cure,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_49">49</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rheumatic pills,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_150">150</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rice water,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_157">157</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Refreshing drink, a,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_157">157</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rice,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_158">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rice jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_158">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rice gruel,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_158">158</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Restorative jelly,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_160">160</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Render paper fireproof, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_168">168</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Royal washing powder,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_203">203</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Rashes and redness,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Skin, the,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_22">22</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Scurf, scurvy,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Soften and whiten the skin,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Soft, white hands,</td> <td class="alignright"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Sexual intercourse&mdash;its laws and conditions,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_105">105</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Seduction,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_110">110</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Soothing cough mixture,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_152">152</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Scrofulous syrup,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_153">153</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Sago gruel,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_159">159</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Scorch, to take out,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_183">183</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Turkish lotion,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_207">207</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Wrinkles,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_28">28</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Wrinkles, to remove,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Wrinkles, lotion for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Wrinkles, wash for,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Wash for scald heads,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Whiten the skin, to,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Warts,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Waterproof boots, to prepare,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_168">168</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Worm elixir,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_201">201</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td class="alignleft">Wonderful starch enamel,</td><td class="alignright"> <a href="#Page_203">203</a></td></tr>
+</table>
+
+
+<div class="note">
+<h3>Transcriber's Note</h3>
+
+<p>Obvious typographical errors have been fixed. See below for the detailed list.</p>
+
+<h4>Issues fixed</h4>
+
+<ul>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_11">11</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'Decalcomanie' to 'Decalcomania'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_14">14</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'Feuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_15">15</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'Montey' to 'Montez'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_27">27</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'expoliation' to 'exfoliation'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_31">31</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'pitachia' to 'pistachia'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_32">32</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'skum' to 'scum'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_39">39</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'domimonde' to 'demimonde'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_43">43</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'opreation' to 'operation'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_44">44</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'Teuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_45">45</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'Talk' to 'Take'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_51">51</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'particulary' to 'particularly'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_59">59</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'strengh' to 'strength'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_72">72</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'magnitized' to 'magnetized'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_72">72</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'through' to 'though'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_90">90</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'bady' to 'baby'</li>
+<li>page &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#Page_93">93</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'elevaton' to 'elevation'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_101">101</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'eighteeth' to 'eighteenth'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_102">102</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'probabilty' to 'probability'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_106">106</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'Carpentar' to 'Carpenter'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_122">122</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'preceptible' to 'perceptible'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_128">128</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'increase' to 'increases'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_153">153</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'rhubard' to 'rhubarb'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_155">155</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'corbonate' to 'carbonate'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_191">191</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'tupentine' to 'turpentine'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_202">202</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'diagreeable' to 'disagreeable'</li>
+<li>page <a href="#Page_206">206</a>&mdash;typo fixed: changed 'flower' to 'flour'</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
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+Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Ladies Book of Useful Information
+       Compiled from many sources
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Release Date: August 20, 2008 [EBook #26368]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LADIES BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Irma Spehar and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions
+(www.canadiana.org))
+
+
+
+
+
+                           THE LADIES' BOOK
+                                  OF
+                          USEFUL INFORMATION.
+
+
+                      COMPILED FROM MANY SOURCES.
+
+
+                             London, Ont.:
+              LONDON PRINTING & LITHOGRAPHING CO. (LTD.)
+                                 1896.
+
+Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year
+1897, on behalf of the unnamed author, by P. J. Edmunds, at the
+Department of Agriculture. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
+
+
+
+
+                               Preface.
+
+
+To the ladies of America is this little work, "THE LADIES' BOOK OF
+USEFUL INFORMATION," dedicated. It is a book written expressly for
+women. This book is full from cover to cover of useful and necessary
+information for women. Never before has so much knowledge with which
+women should be acquainted been printed in one book. It is a perfect
+storehouse of useful facts. Almost every lady spends many dollars
+every year for cosmetics, medicines, household articles, etc., which
+this book would save her.
+
+This is a book which every lady should have, and which every mother
+should place in the hands of her daughters as they come to years of
+understanding. Every girl of twelve and upwards should read this
+valuable work.
+
+Many books costing from three to five dollars do not contain half the
+information contained in this work. Everything described in this
+preface is taught in this book.
+
+It teaches ladies the secret of Youth, Beauty, Health.
+
+The first chapter teaches all about Personal Beauty.
+
+Every lady desires to be beautiful, and it is the duty of every woman
+to be as attractive as possible. All may enhance their charms and be
+lovely by following the directions of this book. Few persons know how
+to improve their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the
+admiration of those whom they meet. This book tells the wonderful
+secret--all the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered
+since. It teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness.
+The real secret of changing an ordinary looking person into one of
+great beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for
+us, but art must make the perfect man or woman.
+
+If you desire bright, melting eyes, a clear, soft, rose-tinted
+complexion, beautiful hands and graceful figure, well-developed and
+perfect, use the knowledge which you will find in this book.
+
+It teaches how to acquire a beautiful, delicate loveliness which
+cannot be surpassed, and which can be retained to a very late age. By
+means of this teaching a woman of thirty-five or forty can easily pass
+for a girl of twenty-five.
+
+It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age, and how to make the
+most stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white.
+Remember that "THE LADIES' BOOK OF USEFUL INFORMATION" does not teach
+the use of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how
+to make the _cheek glow_ with health, and the _neck_, _arms_ and
+_hands_ to rival the lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy
+Skin, Freckles, Pimples, Wrinkles, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches,
+Face Grubs, Tan, Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc.
+
+It teaches how to cure and prevent redness and roughness, and to make
+the skin soft, smooth, white and delicate, producing a perfectly
+natural appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin,
+so that it will be clear and white.
+
+It tells what has never before been published: How to restore a fair,
+rosy complexion to its original freshness, after it has become sallow
+and faded. This is a wonderful secret, and is sure in its results. It
+will also cause those who have always been pale to have beautiful,
+bright, rosy cheeks, and the eyes to be brilliant and sparkling.
+
+It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this book. The most
+coarse, rough, red hands will, by following this teaching, become
+beautifully delicate and white, and it causes very little trouble to
+care for them.
+
+It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and to
+have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy, to cure Dandruff, to prevent the hair falling, and
+to have it of a nice glossy hue.
+
+It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes; also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.
+
+It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.
+
+It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.
+
+It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet, Bad
+Breath, etc.
+
+It teaches how to bleach, purify and whiten the most stubbornly red,
+rough skin, so that it will be beautifully clear and white; and a
+complexion that is naturally passable will be admired by all who see
+it after being treated as here described.
+
+The second chapter teaches: The different human temperaments; how to
+tell to which temperament you belong yourself, and also the
+temperaments of those whom you meet;
+
+The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month, and their importance
+at the hour of birth;
+
+Important advice to females regarding their thirty-first year;
+
+How to know whom you will marry;
+
+The signs of a good genius;
+
+All about Electrical Psychology, or Psychological
+Fascination--Mesmerism;
+
+How to make persons at a distance think of you (this is a purely
+natural phenomenon);
+
+How to win the affection of the person of the opposite sex whom you
+sincerely love. There is no black art about this, but merely
+psychological attraction, and by its use you can win the love of the
+person whose affection you desire.
+
+When you desire the "love" of any one whom you meet, you can very
+readily reach him if you observe the directions here given.
+
+Chapter three is a special chapter for young women, on a special
+subject, and contains advice which every young lady should study.
+
+It teaches them: What marriage is, and explains how highly injurious
+it is to entertain low ideas regarding it;
+
+How a young lady should act in the presence of young men;
+
+What a girl should do when a prospect of marriage occurs.
+
+It tells some of the most prolific sources of matrimonial
+difficulties, and how to remedy them;
+
+What ladies should do who desire that their husbands should be amiable
+and kind;
+
+What attentions are due to you _as a lady_.
+
+Cautions against the failing of young ladies making themselves too
+cheap.
+
+Tells what "woman" is formed to be.
+
+Warns against indiscretions before marriage, and teaches that under
+all circumstance a lady will be looked to to resist any advances, and
+maintain her purity and virtue.
+
+Tells what is the nature, naturally, of young women;
+
+How a young woman should act when receiving the attentions of a young
+man;
+
+How you will know when the young man whom you _should marry_ presents
+himself to you;
+
+What a man needs a wife for, and how to qualify yourself for the
+position;
+
+About misunderstandings in early married life;
+
+How a young mother feels towards her first-born.
+
+Tells the good influence of virtuous love;
+
+What young people should know before they become engaged.
+
+Chapter four teaches about Love and Marriage; the attraction of the
+sexes for each other; what love is; what causes it; individual loves;
+fondness for cousins; different kinds of love; flirtation; the object
+of marriage; should marriage be for life.
+
+Chapter five: When to Marry--How to Select a Partner on Right
+Principles.
+
+Treats of the proper age to marry; which marriages are the most happy;
+which are the most productive of handsome children; how nature assists
+art in the choice of partners; the attributes of a handsome couple,
+etc.
+
+Chapter six: Sexual Intercourse--Its Laws and Conditions--Its Use and
+Abuse.
+
+There is an alarming and increasing prevalence of nervous ailments and
+complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+in the ignorance, which is so universal, of the laws of these organs.
+
+This chapter teaches all about sexual morality; how men and women
+should live; the law from the age of puberty to marriage; the law of
+marriage; what a man who truly loves a woman will do; a true union;
+how women are protected; the false and the true sense of duty; what is
+the most powerful restraint from evil.
+
+The above is discussed in a chaste, simple, manner, and should be read
+by every lady. There is nothing impure in this book from beginning to
+end, but subjects in which women are woefully ignorant are discussed
+in a plain, moral manner to which no objection can be raised.
+
+Chapter seven: Marriage.
+
+What marriage is; how far back the marriage tie has existed; polygamy,
+what it is; monogamy, what it is; polyandry, and what it is; marriage
+customs; the basis of a happy marriage, etc.
+
+Chapter eight: Pregnancy--Labor--Parturition.
+
+Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman than
+that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own, and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.
+
+This chapter explains all the signs of pregnancy; the changes that
+take place in the face and neck; the suppression of the monthly flow;
+changes in the breast, etc.
+
+Then it gives a sure test for the detection of pregnancy. It tells how
+a pregnant woman should live during the period of gestation.
+
+Childbirth is not necessarily either painful or dangerous. It can be
+accomplished easily and safely and with comparatively no pain by
+following the directions given in "THE LADIES' BOOK OF USEFUL
+INFORMATION."
+
+Numerous instances are known where ladies who had previously suffered
+with severe labor in childbirth have, by attending to the directions
+here given, been delivered of fine, healthy children with comparative
+ease.
+
+No mother who has attended to the teaching here given but has blessed
+the knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother much
+needless terror.
+
+It tells all about the ailments that almost always torment women
+during the trying time of pregnancy, making life itself seem a burden.
+
+These troubles are: Morning Sickness, Toothache, Palpitation of the
+Heart, etc. It shows that there is no necessity for women suffering as
+they almost invariably do during this time; but that these troubles
+may be overcome by simple, safe remedies which are described in this
+book, and which may be safely taken by the patient.
+
+It tells all about the medicine which is taken by the Indian women of
+North America during the period of gestation. It is well known that
+the women of these tribes suffer very little during childbirth, and it
+is almost all due to the effects of this wonderful medicine.
+
+The recipe for this medicine, "Parturient Balm," was obtained from an
+Indian doctor, and is given in this book, together with instructions
+as to how it is to be taken.
+
+This chapter alone is worth the price of the book to any lady. Every
+mother, and everyone who ever expects to become a mother, should
+carefully study the above chapter, as it may be the means of saving
+her much pain and suffering.
+
+The same chapter explains all about a case of labor; the signs that
+show when labor has commenced; what to give to help the patient; the
+different kinds of pains; the length of time between the pains; the
+length of time the pains should last, etc.; the taking of the child
+from the mother; how to care for the child; the taking away of the
+afterbirth; what to do in case of flooding; how to relieve afterpains,
+etc.
+
+It also explains what "Abortion" is; what causes abortion; what causes
+premature labor; the difference between the two; symptoms of
+threatened abortion, and how to prevent the same if possible; what to
+do for miscarriage, and to try and prevent it, etc.
+
+The ninth chapter teaches all about: Menstruation--Change of
+Life--Falling of the Womb, etc. Tells the time of life at which the
+menses should appear.
+
+Every mother should watch her young daughter as she nears this
+critical time. The health for many years to come depends to a great
+extent on how a girl passes this period. This chapter tells all the
+symptoms of the near approach of the monthly flow. It shows a mother
+how to care for her daughter, and to see that she has proper attention
+during this time.
+
+It tells the age at which the periodical flow should commence; the
+symptoms of its approach; how a girl should be treated at this time;
+how to cure Chlorosis, or Green Sickness; how to relieve and cure
+painful and suppressed menstruation, etc.
+
+If the instructions of this book are followed in cases like the above,
+it will save many young girls much needless suffering.
+
+This chapter also treats on: Whites, or Flour Albus, and Falling of
+the Womb.
+
+Many delicate women suffer great agony through these two distressing
+complaints. This chapter describes all the symptoms of these
+complaints, and gives simple, safe remedies for them. A lady can
+easily attend to herself and avoid exposure.
+
+It also treats on Change of Life.
+
+By the phrase "Change of Life," or "The Critical Period," we
+understand the final cessation or stoppage of the menses. This chapter
+explains all about this trying time, the symptoms of its appearance,
+and the ages at which it usually occurs.
+
+With proper care this period may be safely passed, and a happy and
+comfortable old age be spent. All the dangers incident to this period
+are described, and how to successfully combat them.
+
+Chapter ten: Collection of valuable Medical Compounds.
+
+Any of the formulas in this chapter will be readily filled by your
+druggist. Each recipe will give an article which is the _very best_
+thing that can be used for the disease which it is recommended to
+cure.
+
+The first is "Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer."
+
+Most people are afflicted to some extent with Kidney and Liver
+trouble. This medicine is a sure cure.
+
+Do you have:  A frequent headache over the eyes;
+              A susceptibility to chills and fever;
+              A bitter or oily taste in the mouth;
+              A sour stomach;
+              A complexion inclined to be yellow;
+              A great depression of spirits;
+              Specks before the eyes, and flushed face;
+              A done-out, tired feeling;
+
+besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have, you
+are afflicted with Kidney and Liver complaint, and should use "Magic
+Kidney and Liver Restorer." This great remedy will do away with all
+these disagreeable symptoms, and will make you feel like a new person.
+It is a splendid spring medicine, cleansing the blood and purifying
+and toning up the system.
+
+Another formula given is "Dyspeptic Ley."
+
+This is a _sure, certain_ cure for dyspepsia. It never fails.
+
+The symptoms of dyspepsia are:
+              Feeling of weight in the stomach;
+              Bloated condition after eating;
+              Belching of wind;
+              Nausea;
+              Vomiting of food;
+              Water brash;
+              Pain in the stomach;
+              Heartburn;
+              Bad taste in the mouth in the morning;
+              Palpitation of the heart;
+              Cankered mouth; loss of flesh;
+              Fickle appetite; depression of spirits;
+              Lack of energy; headache and constipation.
+
+If you have _any or all_ of the above symptoms, then you are afflicted
+with Dyspepsia, and should endeavor to obtain relief. "Dyspeptic Ley"
+is a certain cure. It is easily prepared, and should be taken by
+everyone who is afflicted with any of the above distressing symptoms.
+
+The same chapter tells how to cure Ague, Intermittent Fever,
+Neuralgia, Sick Headache, Neuralgic Headache, Rheumatism, Dysentery,
+Epileptic Fits, Hysteria, Bleeding of the Lungs, Coughs, Bowel
+Complaint, Scrofula, Worms, Sore Eyes, Cholera, Piles, Warts, Corns,
+Deafness, Inverted Toe-nail, etc.
+
+All these diseases are described, together with the best method of
+treating them.
+
+Chapter eleven teaches how to Prepare Nourishment for the Sick Room.
+Very few people know how to prepare nourishment for the sick. This
+chapter teaches how to prepare a great number of nourishing dishes.
+Every lady should know how to prepare food for the sick, as at some
+time or other there is almost certain to be sickness in every family.
+There are over forty recipes given in this chapter for food for the
+sick and convalescent.
+
+Chapter twelve describes things Curious and Useful.
+
+It tells: How to get clear of mosquitoes; how to get rid of bedbugs;
+to obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter. By this process the buds of
+flowers can be gathered in summer and autumn and kept until the
+winter, when they can be used as required. The flowers open and are as
+beautiful as though fresh plucked from the garden. Any one can
+understand the process, as it is very simple.
+
+Also: How to transfer all kinds of pictures on to glass--a very pretty
+art; how to prevent horses being teased by flies; how to prevent flies
+lighting on to windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; to render paper
+fireproof; to render boots waterproof; how to extract the essential
+oil from any flower; how to take leaf photographs; to cure
+drunkenness; to make different kinds of perfumes; to write secret
+letters, etc.;
+
+To prepare flowers so that their beauty will remain unimpaired for
+years. Roses and other flowers can be had to last for years by this
+beautiful art. The process is very easy, and the directions are so
+simple that a child may follow them.
+
+Chapter thirteen treats of Home Decoration.
+
+It teaches how to arrange a house so as to furnish it cheaply and
+harmoniously. It gives complete instructions for every room--Hall,
+Parlor, Library, Dining-room, Bedrooms, etc., and attends to every
+detail. This is a splendid guide to all who wish to make their home
+attractive.
+
+Chapter fourteen teaches all about caring for House Plants. It tells
+the right temperature to keep them in; the proper soil for potting;
+how to make plants grow luxuriantly; how to have plenty of blossoms;
+to keep plants without a fire at night; to destroy bugs and
+rose-slugs; to raise plants with the least trouble; the best varieties
+of plants to raise, etc.
+
+It tells how to preserve autumn leaves so that they can be bent in any
+form desired, and so that they will retain their color.
+
+It tells how to prepare skeleton leaves--a very pretty amusement.
+
+Chapter fifteen is devoted to The Laundry.
+
+It tells: How to make washing fluid; to take out scorch; to make
+plain, fine, and coffee starch; to make enamel for shirt bosoms, so
+that any housekeeper can do them up as nicely as they do at the
+laundry; to clean velvets and ribbons; to take grease out of silks,
+woolens, paper, floors, etc.; to take out fruit stains; to take out
+iron rust and mildew; to wash woolen goods and blankets so that they
+will not shrink, etc.
+
+The sixteenth chapter teaches how to do all kinds of Stamping.
+
+In this chapter are given full instructions for wet and dry stamping;
+for making stamping powder; how to mix white paint for dark goods, and
+dark paint for light goods; it tells how to prepare all the necessary
+articles for stamping; how to prepare transfer paper; how to transfer
+any pattern you may see; how to make a distributor; how to enlarge
+designs; how to prepare all kinds of stamping powder; how to do French
+indelible stamping; what kind of a brush to use; and how to care for
+patterns. If the directions here given are followed the stamping will
+always be satisfactory.
+
+Chapter seventeen teaches how to do Bronze Work.
+
+Bronzing is the latest improvement in wax work, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive, artistic bronze. It is
+used for table, mantel and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to
+dust and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted
+like any piece of furniture, and makes a very desirable, inexpensive
+ornament. The colors it is made in are Gold, Silver, Copper, Fire, and
+Green Bronze. Among the articles described are a vase in bronze, a
+motto in bronze, a floral basket in bronze, animals and birds in
+bronze, statuary in bronze, flowers and leaves in bronze.
+
+The art of making each of the above articles is carefully described so
+that any one can follow the directions.
+
+The art of Decalcomania is also taught in this chapter. This is used
+upon almost everything for which ornamentation is required, such as
+Crockery, China, Porcelain, Vases, Glass, Bookcases, Folios, Boxes,
+Lap desks, Ribbons, etc. It is a very pretty art, and is much admired.
+
+Chapter eighteen gives twelve recipes for articles needed in every
+household. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of
+household expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles
+you use in your daily housework of a superior quality, vastly better
+than the ones you are using at the present time.
+
+It is a fact not generally known, that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the
+price the consumer pays. We purpose to show the readers of this book
+how to have, in most instances, better articles than those they buy,
+for a small percentage of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own
+personal investigation, gathered a number of valuable recipes
+together, and have paid for the privilege of using them.
+
+We give in "The Ladies' Book of Useful Information" twelve recipes
+which have never before been published, and which, if you once
+possess, you will never wish to be without, as they are truly valuable
+secrets.
+
+The list is as follows: Healing salve; Magnetic croup cure; Worm
+elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish; Wonderful starch enamel;
+Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I X L baking powder; Electric
+powder; French polish or dressing for leather; Artificial honey.
+
+It also contains a list of all the poisons and their antidotes. It
+describes the symptoms of poisoning and how to proceed in each case.
+
+
+
+
+                               CONTENTS.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER I.
+
+Teaches all about Personal Beauty. Every woman desires to be
+beautiful, and every woman may enhance her charms and be lovely by
+following the directions of this book. Few persons know how to improve
+their natural looks so as to captivate, charm, and win the admiration
+of those whom they meet. This book tells this wonderful secret--all
+the ancients ever knew, and all that has been discovered since. It
+teaches how to wonderfully improve the person in loveliness. The real
+_secret_ of changing an ordinary looking person into one of great
+beauty makes this book of great value. Nature does something for us,
+but art must make the perfect man or woman. If you desire bright,
+melting eyes; a clear, soft, rosy-tinted complexion; beautiful hands;
+and graceful figure, well-developed and perfect, use the knowledge
+which you will find in this book.
+
+It teaches how to conceal the evidence of age; how to make the most
+stubbornly red and rough hands beautifully soft and white. Remember
+that "The Ladies' Book of Useful Information" does not teach the use
+of paint and powder, which is injurious to the skin, but how to make
+the cheek glow with health, and the neck, arms, and hands to rival the
+lily in whiteness. It teaches how to cure Greasy Skin, Freckles,
+Wrinkles, Pimples, Blackheads, Crow's-feet, Blotches, Face Grubs, Tan,
+Sunburn, Chapped Hands, Sore Lips, etc. It teaches how to cure and
+prevent redness and roughness, and to make the skin soft, smooth,
+white and delicate, producing a perfectly healthy and natural
+appearance. It teaches how to cure and refine a coarse skin, so that
+it will be clear and white.
+
+It teaches how to have soft, white and attractive hands, even though
+compelled to do housework. Every lady desires to have nice hands, and
+all may do so by following the directions of this chapter.
+
+It teaches how to care for the hair so as to improve the growth and to
+have a beautiful and luxuriant head of hair; how to keep the skin of
+the scalp healthy; to cure dandruff; to prevent the hair falling, and
+to have it of a nice color.
+
+It teaches how to have clear and brilliant eyes, with beautiful, long,
+drooping lashes. Also, how to cure sore and weak eyes.
+
+It teaches how to care for the teeth so as to have them white and
+sound, telling how to treat those that are decayed, and how to prevent
+the decay of sound ones.
+
+It teaches how to have beautiful ripe red lips, and how to cure sore
+and chapped lips.
+
+It teaches how to cure Warts, Corns, Bruises, Sprains, Cold Feet, Bad
+Breath, etc.
+
+The following formulas for Toilet Preparations are all given in this
+book. They are vastly superior to the much-advertised cosmetics which
+flood the market. Your druggist will fill any of these recipes for a
+very small sum, and you will always have a superior article. Each of
+these preparations will do exactly what is claimed for it.
+
+The following is a list of what is given in the first chapter: Lotion
+to remove freckles and tan; To expel freckles; Cleopatra's Freckle
+Balm; Lemon Cream, for sunburn and freckles; Wash to prevent sunburn;
+Grape lotion, for sunburn; Pate Axerasive of Bozin, to soften and
+whiten the skin; To remove red pimples; To remove black specks or
+flesh-grubs; Preparation for whitening the face and neck (bleaches and
+whitens the skin); To cure profuse perspiration; Cleopatra's Enamel
+for whitening the hands and arms; To cure freckles, and parched, rough
+skin; To purify the breath; To bleach and purify the skin of the face
+and neck; To permanently remove black specks or flesh-worms; French
+face-wash (purifies and brightens the complexion); To remove pimples;
+Kalydor for the complexion--for pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or scurf
+on the skin; To improve the skin; Wash a la Marie Antoinette (gives a
+beautiful brilliancy to the complexion); Liquid Rouge (harmless), a
+perfect imitation of nature; Milk of Roses, a cosmetic; Circassian
+Cream; Toilet Vinegar; Bloom Rose; Certain cure for eruptions,
+pimples, etc.; To clear the complexion and reduce the size of the
+face; To cure and refine a stippled or blotched skin; To cure and
+prevent wrinkles; Wash for wrinkles; To remove wrinkles; How to have
+brilliant, beautiful eyes; To cure weak eyes; To improve the
+eyelashes; To cure weakness of eyes; How to have beautiful eyelashes;
+To cure watery and inflamed eyes; To strengthen the sight; What to do
+for nearsightedness; How to have a beautiful mouth and lips; To make
+lip salve; French lip salve; German lip salve; To care for the teeth;
+To cure toothache; Premium tooth powder; Feuchtwanger's tooth paste;
+Fine tooth powder; Rye tooth powder; To cure foul breath; To have
+white and beautiful teeth; For decayed teeth; To remove yellow color
+from teeth; Camphor paste; Powerfully cleansing dentifrice;
+Infallible cure for toothache; Mixture for decayed teeth; To whiten
+and beautify the teeth.
+
+How to have soft, white and beautiful hands; How to care for the
+hands; Bleaching lotion for the hands (renders them beautifully
+white); To remove stains from hands; To make the hands white and
+delicate; Remedy for chapped hands; To whiten coarse and dark-skinned
+hands; To cure red hands; Almond paste for the hands; To care for the
+nails.
+
+To cause the skin to become satin-smooth and to smell like violets.
+
+To cause those who have lost the bloom and fairness of early youth to
+regain them.
+
+How to care for the hair; How often to wash the hair; To improve the
+growth and luxuriance of the hair; To make the hair glossy; To impart
+curliness or waviness to the hair when it is naturally straight; On
+changing the color of the hair; To have elegant hair; Wild Rose
+curling fluid; To cause the hair to grow very thick; Lola Montez hair
+coloring; Hair Restorative; For bald heads; Excellent hair wash; To
+cure baldness; Stimulants for the hair; The golden hair secret; For
+keeping the hair crimped or curled in summer; To bleach the hair; For
+improving the hair; Pomade for preserving the hair; To make the hair
+grow and to prevent it from falling; To make the hair grow quick; Wash
+for scald heads, etc.
+
+Powders and their use: Boston Burnet powder for the face; Queen Bess
+complexion wash.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+
+Treats of miscellaneous matters: The human temperaments--How many
+there are--What they are; How to tell to which temperament you belong.
+
+The fortunate and unfortunate days of the month; Days of the week, and
+their importance at the natal hour.
+
+Important advice to females.
+
+To know whom you will marry.
+
+The signs of a good genius.
+
+Electrical Psychology, or Psychological Fascination.
+
+Mesmerism.
+
+How to make persons at a distance think of you.
+
+How to win the love of the person whom you love.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER III.
+
+A special chapter for young women: On marriage; What young women look
+forward to; What it is best to do when a prospect of marrying occurs;
+What a husband looks for; What marriage affords; On making yourself
+cheap; How to protect yourself; About courtship; Care of your
+character; How easily men are led astray, and how cautious you should
+be; What state of life is most honorable; Important points for your
+consideration; To make a husband happy; Nature of young women; On
+attracting the attention of young men; Young man's part; Young woman's
+part; Parents' wishes; How young men act in female company; Modesty;
+Courtship; On near relations marrying; On dress; What men need wives
+for; A mother's pleasure at the birth of her first child; How
+differently girls and boys are constituted; What young people should
+study before they become engaged.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+
+Love and marriage; The attraction of the sexes for each other; What
+love is; What causes love; Individual loves; Fondness for cousins;
+Different kinds of love; Flirtation; Monogamy; Polygamy; The special
+object of marriage; Should marriage be for life.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER V.
+
+When to marry; How to select a partner on right principles; Very early
+marriages; The best age to marry; When marriages are most happy; The
+attributes of a handsome couple.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+
+Sexual Intercourse--Its laws and conditions--Its use and abuse: A
+prevalent error; The law of sexual morality; What men expect; How men
+and women should live; Age of puberty to marriage; The law of
+marriage; What a man who truly loves a woman will do; A true union;
+Seduction; How women are protected; The false and the true sense of
+duty. What is the most powerful restraint from evil.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VII.
+
+Marriage: What marriage is; How far back the marriage tie has existed;
+Polygamy--What it is; Monogamy--What it is; Polyandry--What it is;
+Marriage customs; The basis of a happy marriage.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+
+Pregnancy--Labor--Parturition: The signs of pregnancy; The changes
+that take place in the appearance; How soon after conception these
+changes take place; The period of gestation; Changes in the breasts;
+What causes labor; How labor may be rendered safe and easy; What the
+diet should consist of; The period of quickening; How to relieve the
+toothache, cramping of the legs, palpitation of the heart, morning
+sickness, etc., with which pregnant women are liable to be troubled;
+Sure test for the detection of pregnancy; Parturient Balm, a very
+important medicine; Abortion; Premature labor; The cause of abortion;
+Symptoms of threatened abortion; What to do for a threatened abortion;
+What to do for miscarriage; To prevent miscarriage.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+
+Menstruation: The time of life at which it should appear; Signs of
+approaching puberty; Duty of mothers; Delayed and obstructed
+menstruation--What to do for it; Chlorosis, or green sickness--What to
+do for it--What it is caused by; Too profuse menstruation--How to
+treat it; Painful menstruation, or menstrual colic--How to treat it;
+Amenorrhoea, or suppressed menstruation--What causes this, and how
+to treat it.
+
+Cessation of the menses, or change of life: Very important advice is
+given as to the way in which the patient should treat herself, which,
+if followed, will be of great benefit.
+
+Falling of the Womb: What causes it, and how the patient should be
+treated.
+
+Leucorrhoea--Whites--Flour Albus: What this disease is; What causes
+it; How to relieve and cure it.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER X.
+
+Collection of valuable Medical Compounds: Magic kidney and liver
+restorer; Hop bitters; Alterative or liver powders; Anti-dyspeptic
+pills; Dyspeptic ley (sure cure for dyspepsia); Ague pills; Certain
+remedy for ague or intermittent fever; Fever powders; Ague drops;
+Pills for neuralgia; Sick headache pills; Anodyne headache pills;
+Rheumatic pills; Pills for dysentery; Epileptic pills; Pills for
+asthma; Hysteric pills; Pills for neuralgia; Cure for bleeding of the
+lungs; Cure for consumption; Cough syrup; Soothing cough mixture;
+Expectorant tincture; Sure remedy for bowel complaints; Cordial for
+summer complaint; Scrofulous syrup; Eyewater; Tincture for rheumatism;
+Worm elixir; Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy; Pile ointment (sure cure);
+To cure warts and corns; Cure for deafness; Cure for inverted
+toe-nail.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+
+Things for the Sick Room. Tells how to prepare the following articles
+for the sick and convalescent: Barley water; Sage tea; Refreshing
+drink for fevers; Arrowroot jelly; Irish moss jelly; Isinglass jelly;
+Tapioca jelly; Toast; Rice; Bread jelly; Rice gruel; Water gruel;
+Arrowroot gruel; Beef liquid; Beef tea; Panado; French milk porridge;
+Coffee milk; Drink for dysentery; Crust coffee; Cranberry water; Wine
+whey; Mustard whey; Chicken broth; Calves'-foot jelly; Slippery elm
+jelly; Nutritive fluids; Gum acacia restorative; Soups for the
+convalescent; Eggs; Milk for infants; Water gruel.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XII.
+
+Things Curious and Useful: To get clear of mosquitoes; To get rid of
+bedbugs; To obtain fresh-blown flowers in winter; To increase the
+laying of eggs in hens; The art of transferring on to glass; To
+prevent horses being teased by flies; To prevent flies lighting on
+windows, pictures, mirrors, etc.; To make leather wear forever; To
+prepare waterproof boots; To render paper fireproof; To cure
+drunkenness; To cure laziness; To take leaf photographs; To make lamp
+wicks indestructible; To make different kinds of perfumes; To write
+secret letters; To preserve flowers.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+
+Home Decoration: On furnishing a house; How to furnish the Parlor,
+Library, Dining-room, Hall, Chambers, and Kitchen; Telling the proper
+way of arranging each room tastefully and economically.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIV.
+
+How to Care for House Plants: How to succeed with plants; A good
+collection of plants; To kill the spider; To start slips; To keep
+plants without a fire at night; To kill rose-slugs; On watering
+plants.
+
+To prepare autumn leaves and ferns; To prepare skeleton leaves; Pretty
+hanging baskets.
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+
+The Laundry: To make washing fluid; Gall soap; For washing woolens and
+fine prints; To take out scorch; To make bluing; To make coffee
+starch; To make flour starch; To make fine starch; Enamel for shirt
+bosoms; To clean articles made of white zephyr; To clean velvet; To
+clean ribbons; To take out paint; To remove ink stain; To take out
+fruit stains; To remove iron rust; To take out mildew; To wash
+flannels in tepid water.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVI.
+
+How to do your own Stamping and make your own Patterns: The articles
+needed for stamping; To make perforated patterns; To enlarge designs;
+To stamp; To make blue powder; To do French indelible stamping; To
+make paint for stamping; The proper brush to use; To make a
+distributor; To care for patterns.
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+
+Bronze Work: What bronze work is; The articles required for doing
+bronze work; The art of making a vase in bronze; A motto; A floral
+basket; Copper bronze statuary; The art of making exotic leaves; To
+make leaves and flowers, etc.; Decalcomania--The uses to which it may
+be put.
+
+
+                            CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+A chapter of useful things to know. How to prepare: Healing salve;
+Magnetic croup cure; Worm elixir; Brilliant self-shining stove polish;
+Wonderful starch enamel; Royal washing powder; Magic annihilator; I X
+L baking powder; Electric powder; French polish, or dressing for
+leather; Artificial honey. Table of poisons and their antidotes.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE LADIES' BOOK
+                                  OF
+                          USEFUL INFORMATION.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER I.
+
+                           PERSONAL BEAUTY.
+
+       Treating of the Care of the Skin, Hair, Teeth, and Eyes,
+            so as to have each arrive at the highest degree
+                  of beauty of which each is capable.
+
+
+A great object of importance, of care to every lady, is the care of
+her complexion. There is nothing more pleasing to the eye than a
+delicate, smooth skin; and besides being pleasing to the eye, is an
+evidence of health, and gives additional grace to the most regular
+features. The choice of soaps has considerable influence in promoting
+and maintaining this desideratum. These should invariably be selected
+of the finest kinds, and used sparingly, and never with cold water,
+for the alkali which, more or less, mingles in the composition of all
+soaps has an undoubted tendency to irritate a delicate skin; warm
+water excites a gentle perspiration, thereby assisting the skin to
+throw off those natural secretions which, if allowed to remain, are
+likely to accumulate below the skin and produce roughness, pimples,
+and even eruptions of an obstinate and unpleasant character. Those
+soaps which ensure a moderate fairness and flexibility of the skin are
+the most desirable for regular use.
+
+Pomades, when properly prepared, contribute in an especial manner to
+preserve the softness and elasticity of the skin, their effect being
+of an emollient and congenial nature; and, moreover, they can be
+applied on retiring to rest, when their effects are not liable to be
+disturbed by the action of the atmosphere, muscular exertions or
+nervous influences.
+
+The use of paints has been very correctly characterized as "a species
+of corporeal hypocrisy as subversive of delicacy of mind as it is of
+the natural complexion," and has been, of late years, discarded at the
+toilette of every lady.
+
+The use of cosmetics has been common in all ages and in every land.
+Scripture itself records the painting of Jezebel; and Ezekiel, the
+prophet, speaks of the eye-painting common among the women; and
+Jeremiah, of rending the face with painting--a most expressive term
+for the destruction of beauty by such means. For the surest destroyers
+of real beauty are its simulators. The usurper destroys the rightful
+sovereign.
+
+That paint can ever deceive people, or really add beauty for more than
+the duration of an acted charade or play, when "distance lends
+enchantment to the view," is a delusion; but it is one into which
+women of all times and nations have fallen--from the painted Indian
+squaw to the rouged and powdered denizen of London or Paris.
+
+Milk was the favorite cosmetic of the ladies of ancient Rome. They
+applied plasters of bread and ass's milk to their faces at night, and
+washed them off with milk in the morning.
+
+As a cosmetic, milk would be harmless, but we doubt its power of
+improving the skin. As a beverage, no doubt, it whitens the complexion
+more than any other food.
+
+But before we speak of improving the complexion, it will be well to
+explain to our readers the nature and properties of the skin.
+
+This is what an American physician has recently told us about it:--
+
+
+       THE SKIN--ITS BEAUTY, USES, CONSTRUCTION, MANAGEMENT, ETC.
+
+Every person knows what the skin is, its external appearance, and its
+general properties; but there are many of my readers who may not be
+aware of its peculiar and wonderful construction, its compound
+character, and its manifold uses. It not merely acts as an organ of
+sense, and a protection to the surface of the body, but it clothes it,
+as it were, in a garment of the most delicate texture and of the most
+surpassing loveliness. In perfect health it is gifted with exquisite
+sensibility, and while it possesses the softness of velvet, and
+exhibits the delicate hues of the lily, the carnation, and the rose,
+it is nevertheless gifted with extraordinary strength and power of
+resisting external injury, and is not only capable of repairing, but
+of actually renewing itself. Though unprotected with hair, wool or
+fur, or with feathers or scales, as with the brute creation, the human
+skin is furnished with innumerable nerves, which endow it with extreme
+susceptibility to all the various changes of climate and of weather,
+and prompt the mind to provide suitable materials, in the shape of
+clothing, to shield it under all the circumstances in which it can be
+placed.
+
+The importance of the due exposure of the body to daylight or sunlight
+cannot be too strongly insisted on. Light and warmth are powerful
+agents in the economy of our being. The former especially is an
+operative agent on which health, vigor, and even beauty itself,
+depend. Withdraw the light of the sun from the organic world, and all
+its various beings and objects would languish and gradually lose those
+charms which are now their characteristics. In its absence, the
+carnation tint leaves the cheek of beauty, the cherry hue of the lips
+changes to a leaden-purple, the eyes become glassy and expressionless,
+and the complexion assumes an unnatural, cadaverous appearance that
+speaks of sickness, night and death. So powerful is daylight, so
+necessary to our well-being, that even its partial exclusion, or its
+insufficient admission to our apartments, soon tells its tale in the
+feeble health, the liability to the attacks of disease, and the pallid
+features (vacant and sunken, or flabby, pendent and uninviting) of
+their inmates. Even the aspect of the rooms in which we pass most of
+our time, and the number and extent of their windows, is perceptible,
+by the trained eye, in the complexion and features of those that
+occupy them. So in the vegetable world--the bright and endlessly
+varied hues of flowers, and their sweet perfumes--even their very
+production--depend on sunlight. In obscure light plants grow lanky and
+become pale and feeble. They seldom produce flowers, and uniformly
+fail to ripen their seeds. In even partial darkness the green hue of
+their foliage gradually pales and disappears, and new growths, when
+they appear, are blanched or colorless.
+
+The best method of keeping the skin clean and healthy, by ablution and
+baths, may here be alluded to. The use of these, and the washing of
+the skin that forms part of the daily duties of the toilet, appear to
+be very simple matters, but writers on the subject differ in opinion
+as to the methods to be followed to render them perfect cleansers of
+the skin. Some of them regard the use of soap and water applied in the
+form of lather with the hands, and afterwards thoroughly removed from
+the skin by copious affusions, rinsing or sluicing with water, or
+immersion in it, as the best method. This is probably the case when
+the skin is not materially dirty, or its pores or surface obstructed
+or loaded with the residual solid matter of the perspiration or its
+own unctuous exudation and exuviae. To remove these completely and
+readily, something more than simple friction with the smooth hand is
+generally required. In such cases the use of a piece of flannel or
+serge, doubled and spread across the hand, or of a mitten of the same
+material, will be most ready and effective. Friction with this--first
+with soap, and afterwards with water to wash the soap off--will be
+found to cleanse the skin more thoroughly and quickly than any other
+method, and, by removing the worn-out portion of its surface, to
+impart to it a healthy glow and hue that is most refreshing and
+agreeable. This effect will be increased by wiping and rubbing the
+surface thoroughly dry with a coarse and moderately rough, but not a
+stiff, towel, instead of with the fine, smooth diapers which are now
+so commonly employed. At the bath, the fleshbrush usually provided
+there will supersede the necessity of using the flannel.
+
+The small black spots and marks frequently observed on the skin in hot
+weather, particularly on the face, generally arise from the
+accumulation of the indurated solid matter of the perspiration in its
+pores. When they assume the form of small pimples (_acne punctata_),
+and often when otherwise, they may be removed by strong pressure
+between the fingers, or between the nails of the opposite fingers,
+followed by the use of hot, soapy water.
+
+The subsequent daily application of a weak solution of bichloride of
+mercury--as in the form commonly known as Gowland's lotion--or of
+sulphate of zinc, will completely remove the swelling, and generally
+prevent their re-formation.
+
+=Eruptions= are too well known to need any lengthy description here.
+They are usually classified, by writers on the subject, into:
+animalcular eruptions, or those due to the presence of animalcula
+(minute acari) in the scarfskin, which occasion much irritation, and
+of which the itch furnishes a well-marked example; papular eruptions,
+or dry pimples; pustular eruptions, or mattery pimples, of which some
+forms are popularly known as crusted tetters; scaly eruptions, or dry
+tetters; and vesicular eruptions, or watery pimples.
+
+The treatment of all of the above, except the first, in simple cases,
+where there is not much constitutional disarrangement, consists mainly
+in attention to the general principles of health, cleanliness,
+exercise, food, ventilation, and clothing. Occasional doses of mild
+saline aperients (Epsom salts, cream of tartar, or phosphate of soda,
+or of sulphur combined with cream of tartar) should be taken, and warm
+or tepid bathing, preferably in sea-water, or, if not convenient, rain
+water, frequently had recourse to. Stimulants of all kinds should be
+avoided, and the red meats, ripe fruits, and the antiscorbutic
+vegetables should form a considerable portion of the diet. Lemonade,
+made by squeezing the juice of a lemon into a half-pint tumbler full
+of water, and sweetening with a little sugar, should be frequently and
+liberally taken as one of the best beverages in such cases. To relieve
+the itching and irritation (except in the pustular, crusted, and
+vesicular varieties), brisk friction with a fleshbrush or a fleshglove
+may be employed. The parts should also be wetted with an appropriate
+lotion after each friction or bath, or the use of soap and water.
+
+In all the scaly eruptions, iodide of potassium internally, and
+ioduretted or sulphuretted lotions or baths are invaluable. In many of
+them of a malignant or obstinate character, as _Lepra Psoriasis_,
+_Lupus_, etc., small doses of solution of arsenite of potassa (liquor
+arsenicalis; the dose, from 3 to 5 drops, gradually and cautiously
+increased to 7 to 9 drops, twice a day, after a meal) prove highly
+serviceable. In the forms of psoriasis popularly called baker's itch,
+grocer's itch, and washer-woman's itch, the application of ointment of
+nitrate of mercury, diluted with ten or twelve times its weight of
+lard, has been highly recommended. A course of sarsaparilla is also in
+most cases advantageous.
+
+The small, hard, distinct pimples--"acne, or acne simplex" of medical
+writers--that occur on the forehead, and occasionally on the temples
+and chin, generally yield to stimulating lotions, consisting of equal
+parts of strong vinegar, or spirit, and water, or to weak lotions of
+sulphate of zinc, assisted by occasional doses of cooling laxatives,
+as the salines, or a mixture of sulphur or cream of tartar.
+
+=Freckles=, or the round or oval-shaped yellowish or brownish-yellow
+spots, resembling stains, common on the face and the backs of the
+hands of persons with a fair and delicate skin who are much exposed to
+the direct rays of the sun in hot weather, are of little importance in
+themselves, and have nothing to do with the general health. Ladies who
+desire to remove them may have recourse to the frequent application of
+dilute spirit, or lemon juice, or a lotion formed by adding acetic,
+hydrochloric, nitric, or sulphuric acid, or liquor of potassa, to
+water, until it is just strong enough to slightly prick the tongue.
+One part of good Jamaica rum to two parts of lemon juice or weak
+vinegar is a good form of lotion for the purpose. The effect of all
+these lotions is increased by the addition of a little glycerine.
+
+The preceding are also occasionally called "common freckles," "summer
+freckles," and "sun freckles." In some cases they are very persistent,
+and resist all attempts to remove them while the exposure that
+produces them is continued. Their appearance may be prevented by the
+greater use of the veil, parasol or sunshade, or avoidance of exposure
+to the sun during the heat of the day.
+
+Another variety, popularly known as cold freckles, occur at all
+seasons of the year, and usually depend on disordered health or some
+disturbance of the natural functions of the skin. Here the only
+external application that proves useful is the solution of bichloride
+of mercury and glycerine, or Gowland's lotion.
+
+=The Itch=--"psora" and "scabies," of medical authors; the "gale" of the
+French,--already referred to, in its common forms is an eruption of
+minute vesicles, generally containing animalcula (acari), and of which
+the principal seats are between the fingers, bend of the wrist, etc.
+It is, accompanied by intense itching of the parts affected, which is
+only aggravated by scratching. The usual treatment is with sulphur
+ointment (simple or compound) well rubbed in once or twice a day; a
+spoonful (more or less) of flowers of sulphur, mixed with treacle or
+milk, being taken at the same time, night and morning. Where the
+external use of sulphur is objectionable, on account of its smell, a
+sulphuretten bath or lotion, or one of chloride of lime, may be used
+instead. In all cases extreme cleanliness, with the free use of soap
+and water, must be strictly adhered to.
+
+The small, soft discolorations and excrescences of the skin, popularly
+called moles, may be removed by touching them every second or third
+day with strong acetic or nitric acid, or with lunar caustic. If
+covered with hair they should be shaved first.
+
+=Extreme paleness= of the skin, when not symptomatic of any primary
+disease, generally arises from debility, or from the languid
+circulation of the blood at the surface of the body; often, also, from
+insufficient or improper food, want of outdoor exercise, and the like.
+The main treatment is evident. Warm baths, friction, and stimulating
+lotions and cosmetics may be here employed, together with a course of
+some mild chalbeate (as the lactate, protophosphate, or
+ammonia-citrate of iron) and hypophosphate of soda.
+
+=Roughness and Coarseness= of the skin, when not depending on any
+particular disease, may be removed or greatly lessened by daily
+friction with mild unguents or oil, or by moistening the parts, night
+and morning, with a weak solution of bichloride of mercury containing
+a little glycerine.
+
+=Rashes and redness= of the skin, of a common character, often arise
+from very trifling causes, among which indigestion, suppressed
+perspiration, irritation, and the like, are the most frequent. Nettle
+rash or urticaria, so called from the appearance and tingling
+sensations resembling those caused by the sting of nettles, in some
+people, is very apt to follow the use of indigestible and unwholesome
+food. It is usually of short duration and recurrent. The treatment
+consists in the administration of mild saline aperients, and, in
+severe cases, of an emetic, particularly when the stomach is still
+loaded with indigestible matter. These should be followed by copious
+use of lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice. The patient
+should be lightly but warmly clothed during the attack, and exposure
+to the cold, or to draughts of cold air, should be carefully avoided.
+The further treatment may be similar to that noticed under
+"eruptions." To prevent the recurrence of the attack, the
+objectionable articles of food, and any other known exciting causes,
+must be avoided. Red rash, red blotch, or fiery spot, a common
+consequence of disordered health, a sudden fit of dyspepsia, and, in
+females, of tight lacing, and rose rash, false measles, or roseola,
+having commonly a similar origin to the preceding, for the most part
+require the same treatment.
+
+=Scurf=--"furfur or furfura"--is a formation depending on the natural
+and healthy exfoliation of the skin on every part of the body on which
+hair or down grows, but most extensive and observable on the scalp, on
+account of the abundance and darker color of the hair there.
+Scurfiness, or excessive scurfiness, is the result of morbid action,
+and may be treated by the frequent use of the fleshbrush or hairbrush,
+ablution with soap and water, and the use of mild stimulating,
+astringent, or detergent lotions.
+
+=Scurvy=--"scorbutus" of medical writers--is a disease which, even in
+its incipient and early stages, when its presence is often
+unsuspected, is most injurious to the skin and complexion. It usually
+commences with unnatural sallowness, debility, and low spirits. As it
+proceeds, the gums become sore, spongy, and apt to bleed on the
+slightest pressure or friction; the teeth loosen, and the breath
+acquires a foetid odor; the legs swell, eruptions appear on
+different parts of the body, and at length the patient sinks under
+general emaciation, diarrhoea, and hemorrhages. Its chief cause is
+improper food, or, rather, the absence or insufficient supply of fresh
+meat and vegetables in the diet; to which cold, humidity, want of
+exercise and fresh air may be added as secondary ones. Hence its
+frequent, fatal visitations formerly on shipboard, and its still
+occasional occurrence in ill-victualled ships during long voyages. The
+treatment mainly consists in adopting a liberal diet of fresh animal
+food and green vegetables, with ripe food and an ample allowance of
+mild ale or beer, or lemonade made from the fresh expressed juice, as
+beverages. In serious cases, tonics, as quinine and steel, should also
+be administered.
+
+=Wrinkles= and looseness of the skin depend chiefly on the attenuation
+of the cutis or true skin and the reduction in the bulk of the
+underlying surfacial portions of the body. They cannot be regarded as
+a disease of the skin; but are the result of long continued bad
+health, anxiety and study, and of general emaciation and old age.
+Cleanliness, nutritious food, vigorous outdoor exercise, agreeable
+occupation of the mind, and an equable and happy temper, retard their
+formation. Whatever tends to promote the general health and to
+increase the bulk of the body, and particularly the disposition of fat
+in the cellular tissues, also tends to remove them and to increase the
+smoothness and beauty of the skin. The free and frequent use of warm
+water and soap, followed by the daily use of mild, stimulating,
+cosmetic lotions or fomentations, or friction with warm oil of a like
+character, and cod-liver oil internally, is all that art can do for
+the purpose.
+
+=Excoriations=, in popular language, are those cases of soreness
+produced by chafing under the arms, behind the ears, and in the
+wrinkles and folds of the skin generally. They occur chiefly in
+infancy, and in stout persons with a delicate skin, who perspire
+excessively. Extreme cleanliness, and carefully wiping the parts dry
+after washing, with the subsequent use of a little violet powder, or
+finely powdered starch, or French chalk scraped or grated very fine,
+dusted over the parts once or twice a day, will generally remove them
+and prevent their recurrence.
+
+
+                         WASHES FOR THE FACE.
+
+We do not approve of face washes, but as some ladies will use them, we
+recommend the following as harmless: Dampen with glycerine tempered
+with rose-water, then powder with the finest magnesia. It imparts a
+charming whiteness.
+
+Less harmless, but more frequently used, is to procure five cents'
+worth of bismuth, of flake white, and of powdered chalk; mix with five
+cents' worth of rose-water. Great care must be taken to wash off this
+preparation before retiring to rest, as the bismuth is of a hurtful
+nature.
+
+=To Remove Freckles.=--Freckles are of two kinds: Those occasioned by
+exposure to the sunshine, and consequently evanescent, are denominated
+"summer freckles"; those which are constitutional and permanent are
+called "cold freckles." With regard to the latter, it is impossible to
+give any advice which will be of value. They result from causes not to
+be affected by mere external applications. Summer freckles are not
+difficult to deal with, and with a little care the skin may be kept
+free from this cause of disfigurement by using either of the following
+lotions:--
+
+First: Scrape horse-radish into a cup of sour milk, let it stand
+twelve hours, strain, and apply two or three times a day.
+
+Second: Into half a pint of milk squeeze the juice of a lemon, with a
+spoonful of brandy, and boil, skimming well; add a dram of rock alum.
+Apply freely.
+
+=Magic Lotion for Removing Freckles.=--Dissolve three grains of borax in
+five drams each of rose-water and orange-flower water. A splendid and
+harmless remedy is equal parts of pure glycerine and rose-water,
+applied every night and allowed to dry on the skin.
+
+=To Remove Freckles and Tan.=--Tincture of benzoin, one pint; tincture
+of tolu, one-half pint; oil rosemary, one-half ounce. Put one
+teaspoonful of the above mixture in one-quarter pint of water, and
+then with a towel thoroughly bathe the face. Do this every night and
+morning.
+
+=To Expel Freckles.=--Finely powdered nitre is excellent. Apply it to
+the face with the finger moistened with water and dipped in the
+powder.
+
+=Cleopatra's Freckle Balm.=--A splendid article. Venice soap, one ounce;
+lemon juice, half ounce; oil of bitter almonds, quarter ounce;
+deliquidated oil of tartar, quarter ounce; oil of rhodium, three
+drops. Dissolve the soap in the lemon juice, then add the two oils,
+and put the whole in the sun till it acquires the consistency of
+ointment, and then add the oil rhodium. Anoint the freckly face at
+night with this balm, and wash in the morning with pure water.
+
+=Lemon Cream for Sunburn and Freckles.=--Put two spoonfuls of sweet
+cream into half a pint of new milk, squeeze into it the juice of a
+lemon, add half a glass of genuine French brandy, a little alum and
+loaf sugar; boil the whole, skim it well, and when cool it is fit for
+use.
+
+=Wash to Prevent Sunburn.=--Take two drams of borax, one dram of Roman
+alum, one dram of camphor, half an ounce of sugar candy, one pound of
+ox-gall. Mix and stir well together, and repeat the stirring three or
+four times a day until it becomes transparent; then strain it through
+filtering or blotting paper, and it will be fit for use. Wash the face
+with the mixture before you go into the sun.
+
+=Grape Lotion for Sunburn.=--Dip a bunch of green grapes in a basin of
+water; sprinkle it with powdered alum and salt mixed; wrap the grapes
+in paper, and bake them under hot ashes; then express the juice, and
+wash the face with the liquid, which will remove either freckles, tan
+or sunburn.
+
+=To Soften and Whiten the Skin--Pate Axerasive of Bozin.=--This
+celebrated perfume has the distinction of being highly commended by
+the French Royal Academy of Medicine. It is better for toilet use than
+soaps, which contain alkali.
+
+Take powder of bitter almonds, eight ounces; oil of the same, twelve
+ounces; savon vert of the perfumes, eight ounces; spermaceti, four
+ounces; soap powder, four ounces; cinnabar, two drams; essence of
+rose, one dram. Melt the soap and spermaceti with the oil in a bath
+water; add the powder, and mix the whole in a marble mortar. It forms
+a paste which softens and whitens the skin better than any soap.
+
+=To Remove Red Pimples.=--Sulphur water, one ounce; acetated liquor of
+ammonia, quarter ounce; liquor of potassa, one grain; white wine
+vinegar, two ounces; distilled water, two ounces.
+
+=To Remove Black Specks or Flesh-worms.=--Squeeze them by pressing the
+skin, and then wash with warm water and rub well with a towel. Then
+apply the following lotion: Liquor of potassa, one ounce; cologne, two
+ounces.
+
+=Preparation for Whitening the Face and Neck.=--For bleaching and
+purifying the skin of the face and neck, making them beautifully
+smooth and white: Terebinth of Mecca, three grains; oil of sweet
+almonds, four ounces; spermaceti, two drams; flour of zinc, one dram;
+white wax, two drams; rose-water, six drams. Mix in a bath water, and
+melt together. After washing, before retiring (use water as hot as can
+be borne), anoint the face and neck freely with this preparation.
+
+=To Cure Profuse Perspiration.=--Bathe the hands, feet, and parts of the
+body where the perspiration is greatest, with a cold infusion of
+rosemary and sage, and afterwards dust the stockings and
+under-garments with a mixture of two drams of camphor, four ounces of
+orris root, and sixteen ounces of starch, the whole reduced to a fine
+powder. Put the mixture in a coarse muslin bag, and shake it over the
+clothes.
+
+=Cleopatra's Enamel for Whitening the Hands and Arms.=--One ounce of
+myrrh, four ounces of honey, two ounces of yellow wax, six ounces of
+rose-water. Mix well together the wax, honey and rose-water in a dish
+held over boiling water, and add the myrrh while hot. Rub this thickly
+over the skin before going to bed.
+
+=To Cure Freckles and Parched or Rough Skin.=--Take one ounce of sweet
+almonds, or of pistachia nuts, half a pint of elder or rose-water, and
+one ounce of pure glycerine; grate the nuts and put the powder in a
+little linen or cotton bag, and squeeze it for several minutes in the
+rose-water; then add the glycerine and a little perfume. Use it by
+wetting the face two or three times a day. This is a grateful
+application for a parched, rough skin, and is good for the removal of
+freckles. It should be allowed to dry thoroughly. When it feels pasty
+or sticky it may be washed off with a little warm water without soap.
+
+
+                         TO PURIFY THE BREATH.
+
+There is nothing more disagreeable to people with whom we associate
+than for them to be able to detect a bad odor from our breath when in
+their company. Yet a great many are afflicted in this way. The
+following will purify and sweeten the breath: Chlorate of lime, seven
+drams; vanilla sugar, three drams; gumeratic, five drams. Mix well
+with warm water to a stiff paste, and cut into lozenges. Take a
+lozenge occasionally.
+
+
+          TO BLEACH AND PURIFY THE SKIN OF THE FACE AND NECK.
+
+A celebrated physician gives the following as a good skin bleacher and
+purifier: Half a pint of skim milk; slice into it as much cucumber as
+it will cover, and let it stand an hour; then bathe the face, neck,
+and hands. Wash them off with clean soft water when the cucumber
+extract is dry. If the skin is rough from exposure to the wind, an
+application of buttermilk at night, washed off with fine carbolic soap
+in the morning, will make the skin smooth and natural.
+
+=To Permanently Remove Black Specks or "Flesh-worms."=--Sometimes little
+black specks appear about the base of the nose, or on the forehead, or
+in the hollow of the chin, which are called flesh-worms, and are
+occasioned by coagulated lymph that obstructs the pores of the skin.
+They may be squeezed out by pressing the skin, and ignorant people
+suppose them to be little worms. They are permanently removed by
+washing with very warm water, and severe friction with a towel and
+then applying a little of the following preparation: Liquor of
+potassa, one ounce; cologne, two ounces; white brandy, four ounces.
+
+=French Face Wash Purifies and Brightens the Complexion.=--Take equal
+parts of the seeds of the melon, pumpkin, gourd, and cucumber, pounded
+till they are reduced to powder; add to it sufficient fresh cream to
+dilute the flour, and then add milk enough to reduce the whole to a
+thick paste. Add a grain of musk and a few drops of the oil of lemon.
+Anoint the face with this, leave it on twenty or thirty minutes, or
+over night if convenient, and wash off with warm water. It gives a
+remarkable purity and brightness to the complexion.
+
+Or, try this; splendid.--Infuse a handful of well-sifted wheat bran
+for four hours in white wine vinegar; add to it five yolks of eggs and
+two grains of musk, and distill the whole. Bottle it, keep carefully
+corked for fifteen days, when it will be fit for use. Apply over
+night, and wash in the morning with tepid water.
+
+=To Remove Pimples.=--There are many kinds of pimples, some of which
+partake almost of the nature of ulcers, which require medical
+treatment; but the small red pimple, which is most common, may be
+removed by applying the following twice a day: Sulphur water, one
+ounce; acetated liquid of ammonia, one-quarter ounce; liquor of
+potassa, one grain; white wine vinegar, two ounces; distilled water,
+two ounces. These pimples are sometimes cured by frequent washing in
+warm water and prolonged friction with a coarse towel. The cause of
+these pimples is obstruction of the skin and imperfect circulation.
+
+=To Remove Tan.=--_Creme de'l Enclos._--New milk, half a pint; lemon
+juice, one-quarter ounce; white brandy, half ounce. Boil the whole and
+skim it clear from all scum. Use night and morning.
+
+=A Cosmetic Bath.=--Take two pounds of barley or bean flour, eight
+pounds of bran, and a few handfuls of Borage leaves. Boil these
+ingredients in a sufficient quantity of spring water. This both
+cleanses and softens the skin in a superior manner.
+
+=Kalydor for the Complexion.=--For pimples, freckle-tanned skin, or
+scurf on the skin. Take emulsion of bitter almonds, one pint;
+oxymuriate of quicksilver, two and one-half pints; sal ammoniac, one
+dram. To be used moderately by means of a sponge, after washing the
+face and hands with pure soap and warm water.
+
+=To Improve the Skin.=--Take two ounces of Venice soap and dissolve it
+in two ounces of lemon juice. Add one ounce of the oil of bitter
+almonds and a like quantity of the oil of tartar. Mix the whole and
+stir it well till it has acquired the consistence of soap, and use it
+as such for the hands. The paste of sweet almonds, which contains an
+oil fit for keeping the skin soft and elastic and removing
+indurations, may be beneficially applied to the hands and arms.
+
+=Wash a la Marie Antoinette.=--Gives a beautiful brilliancy to the
+complexion. Take half a dozen lemons and cut them in small pieces, a
+small handful of the leaves of white lilies and southernwood, and
+infuse them in two quarts of cows milk, with an ounce and a half of
+white sugar and an ounce of rock alum. These are to be distilled in
+palneum mariae. The face at bedtime is to be rubbed with this liquid,
+and it will give a beautiful luster to the complexion. It is a safe
+application, and its effects are certain.
+
+=Liquid Rouge.=--Harmless--a perfect imitation of nature. For ladies who
+wish to use a little artificial bloom the following is recommended. A
+liquid rouge to produce a perfect imitation of the colors of nature is
+prepared as follows: Add to a pint of French brandy, half an ounce of
+benzoin, an ounce of red sandalwood, half an ounce of Brazil wood and
+the same quantity of rock alum. Cork the bottle carefully, shake it
+well once a day, and at the end of twelve days it will be fit for use.
+The cheeks are to be lightly touched with it.
+
+=Milk of Roses.=--This is a cosmetic. Pound an ounce of almonds in a
+mortar very finely; then put in shavings of honey soap in a small
+quantity. Add enough rose-water to enable you to work the composition
+with the pestle into a fine cream; and in order that it may keep, add
+to the whole an ounce of spirits of wine, by slow degrees. Scent with
+otto of roses. Strain through muslin. Apply to the face with a sponge
+or a piece of lint.
+
+=Circassian Cream.=--This celebrated preparation is made, according to a
+published recipe, in this way: Castor oil, one pint; almond oil, four
+ounces; liquid potassa, three drams; essence of bergamot, oil of
+cloves, and oil of lemon, in equal quantities; and about a dozen drops
+of otto of roses.
+
+=Toilet Vinegar.=--Add to the best malt vinegar, half a pint of cognac
+and a pint of rose-water. Scent may be added, and if so, it should be
+first mixed with the spirit before the other ingredients are put in.
+
+=Bloom Rose.=--This is a preparation of carmine for the face and lips.
+Take a quarter of a dram of carmine and place it in a phial with half
+a dram of liquid ammonia; keep for a few days, occasionally shaking
+the mixture; then dilute with two ounces of rose-water, to which half
+a dram of essence of roses has been added. Draw off and keep a week or
+ten days, then apply with the corner of a soft handkerchief, taking
+care that if the color is too bright it is reduced by means of pure
+water.
+
+=Certain Cure for Eruptions, Pimples, Etc.=--Having in numerous
+instances seen the good effects of the following prescription, I can
+certify to its perfect remedy: Dilute corrosive sublimate with the oil
+of almonds, apply it to the face occasionally, and in few days a cure
+will be effected.
+
+=To Clear the Complexion, and Reduce the Size.=--It is essential that
+the blood should be cleansed. Take a teaspoonful of powdered charcoal,
+mixed with water or honey, for three successive nights, then use a
+seidlitz powder to remove it from the system. It acts splendidly upon
+the system and purifies the blood; but under no circumstances must the
+physic be neglected to carry the chemicals from the system; if not,
+ill effects are certain to follow.
+
+=To Cure and Refine a Stippled or Blotched Skin.=--A small dose of
+teraxacum every other night will most materially aid in refining the
+skin. It is a month's or six weeks' job to accomplish the desired
+result. You must also wear a mask of quilted cotton, wet in cold
+water, over night. Do not get discouraged, for it is worth the
+trouble.
+
+
+                     TO CURE AND PREVENT WRINKLES.
+
+=Pomade d'Hebe.=--This pomade is used for the removal of wrinkles. To
+make: Melt white wax, one ounce, to gentle heat; add juice of lily
+bulbs, two ounces; add honey, two ounces; rose-water, two drams; and
+otto of roses, a drop or two. Use twice a day.
+
+=Lotion for Wrinkles.=--Beautifies the face, preserves the freshness of
+youth, and gives a beautiful brilliancy to the skin. Take the second
+water of barley, one pint, and strain through a piece of fine linen;
+add a dozen drops of the balm of Mecca; shake it well together until
+the balm is thoroughly incorporated with the water, which will be
+effected when the water assumes a whitish or turgid appearance. Before
+applying, wash the face with soft water. If used once a day, this
+lotion will beautify the face, remove wrinkles, preserve the freshness
+of youth, and give a surprising brilliancy to the skin.
+
+=Wash for Wrinkles.=--Take two ounces of the juice of onions, two ounces
+of the white lily, two ounces of Norboune honey, and one ounce of
+white wax; put the whole into a new earthen pipkin until the wax is
+melted, then take the pipkin (crock) off the fire, and continue
+stirring briskly until the mixture grows cold. This should be applied
+on going to bed and allowed to remain on till the morning.
+
+=To Remove Wrinkles.=--To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum benzoin add
+seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half ounce of
+glycerine. Bathe face, neck, and hands with it at night, letting it
+dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very little pure white castile
+soap and soft water. This is a famous cosmetic, and has been sold
+under various names. It is an excellent remedy for tan, freckles, and
+sunburn also.
+
+
+                HOW TO HAVE BRILLIANT, BEAUTIFUL EYES.
+
+Beautiful eyes are the gift of nature; but even those of the greatest
+beauty may owe something to the toilet, while those of an indifferent
+kind are very susceptible of improvement. We entirely discountenance
+any tampering with the eye itself, with a view to giving it luster or
+brightness. The sight has often been injured by the use of belladonna,
+preparations of the calabar bean, eyebright, and other substances
+having a strong effect on the eyes. But without touching the eye
+itself, it is possible to give the effect of brightness, softness,
+etc., by means of the eyelids and eyelashes. Made-up eyes are by no
+means desirable, and to many are singularly displeasing; but the same
+may be said of made-up faces generally. Some ladies are, however,
+persuaded that it adds to their charms to give the eyes a long, almond
+shape--after the Egyptian type--while very many are persuaded that the
+eye is not seen to advantage unless its apparent size is increased by
+the darkening of the lids. Both these effects are produced by kohl, a
+black powder, which may be procured at the chemist's, and is mixed
+with rose-water and applied with a camel's-hair brush.
+
+=To Cure Weak Eyes.=--It is well to have on the toilet table a remedy
+for inflamed eyes. Spermaceti ointment is simple and well adapted for
+the purpose. Apply at night, and wash off with rose-water in the
+morning. Golden ointment will serve a like purpose. Or, there is a
+simple lotion made by dissolving a very small piece of alum and a
+piece of lump sugar of the same size in a quart of water. Put the
+ingredients into water cold and let them simmer. Bathe the eyes
+frequently with it. Sties in the eyes are irritating and disfiguring.
+Foment with warm water; at night apply a bread and milk poultice. When
+a white head forms, prick it with a fine needle. Should the
+inflammation be obstinate, a little citerine ointment may be applied,
+care being taken that it does not get into the eye, and an aperient
+should be tried.
+
+=To Improve the Eyelashes.=--Many people speak highly of this secret.
+Trim the tiny points slightly, and anoint with this salve: Two drams
+of ointment of nitric oxida of mercury, and one dram of lard. Mix the
+lard and ointment well, and anoint the edges of the eyelids night and
+morning, after each time, with milk and water. This will restore the
+lashes when all other remedies fail. It is not known in this country,
+and is a valuable secret.
+
+=To Cure Weakness of Eyes.=--Sulphate of copper, fifteen grains;
+camphor, four grains; boiling water, four ounces. Mix, strain, and
+when cold make up to four pints with water. Bathe the eyes night and
+morning with a portion of the mixture.
+
+=How to Have Beautiful Eyelashes.=--The effect of the eyes is greatly
+aided by beautiful eyelashes. These may be secured to a certain extent
+by a little care, especially if it is taken early in life. The extreme
+ends should be cut with a pair of small, sharp scissors, care being
+taken to preserve the natural outline, not to leave jagged edges.
+Attention to this matter results in the lengthening of the lashes.
+Dyeing them is another expedient often resorted to for increasing
+their effect. A good permanent black is all that is needed, and for
+this use Indian ink. As an impromptu expedient to serve for one night,
+a hairpin held for a few seconds in the flame of a candle, and drawn
+through the lashes, will serve to color them well, and with sufficient
+durability. It need scarcely be added that the hairpin must be
+suffered to grow cold before it is used, or the consequence may be
+that no eyelash will be left to color. Good eyebrows are not to be
+produced artificially. It is possible, however, to prevent those that
+are really good from degenerating through neglect. When wiping the
+face dry after washing, pass a corner of the towel over the forefinger
+and set the eyebrows in the form you wish them to assume. And when
+oiling the hair, do not forget to oil the eyebrows also.
+
+=To Cure Watery and Inflamed Eyes.=--Foment frequently with decoction of
+poppy heads. When the irritation and inflammation occur, a teaspoonful
+of cognac brandy in four ounces of spring water may be used three or
+four times in the course of the day as a strengthening lotion.
+
+=General Care of the Eyes.=--The eyes, of all the features, stand
+pre-eminent for their beauty and ever-varying powers of expression,
+and for being the organs of the most exalted, delicate and useful of
+the senses. It is they alone that "reveal the external forms of beauty
+to the mind, and enable it to perceive them, even at a distance, with
+the speed of light. It is they alone that clothe the whole creation
+with the magic charms of color, and fix on every object the identity
+of figure. It is the eyes alone, or chiefly, that reveal the emotions
+of the mind to others, and that clothe the features with the language
+of the soul. Melting with pity, or glowing with hope, or redolent with
+love, benevolence, desire, or emulation, they impart to the
+countenance those vital fascinations which are the peculiar attributes
+of man." "And when the mind is subdued by fear, anxiety or shame, or
+overwhelmed by sorrow or despair, the eyes, like faithful chroniclers,
+still tell the truthful story of the mental disquietude. And hatred,
+anger, envy, pride, and jealousy, ambition, avarice, discontent, and
+all the varied passions and emotions that torment, excite or depress
+the human soul, and find a resting place in the human breast, obtain
+expression in the eyes. At one moment the instruments of receiving and
+imparting pleasure, at another the willing or passive instruments of
+pain, their influences and changes are as varied and boundless as the
+empire of thought itself." Through their silent expressions the mind
+reveals its workings to the external world in signs more rapid and as
+palpable as those uttered by the tongue. It is "the eyes alone that
+stamp the face with the outward symbol of animation and vitality," and
+which endue it with the visible "sanctity of reason." The eye is,
+indeed, the chief and most speaking feature of the face, and the one
+on whose excellence, more than any other, its beauty depends.
+
+Theories have been based on even the peculiar color of the eyes. Thus,
+it is said that dark blue eyes are found chiefly in persons of
+delicate, refined or effeminate mental character; light blue eyes, and
+more particularly gray eyes, in the hardy and active; hazel eyes, in
+the masculine, vigorous, and profound; black eyes, in those whose
+energy is of a desultory or remittent character, and who exhibit
+fickleness in pursuits and affection. Greenish eyes, it is asserted,
+have the same general meaning as gray eyes, with the addition of
+selfishness or a sinistrous disposition. These statements, however,
+though based on some general truths, and supported by popular opinion,
+are liable to so many exceptions as to be unreliable and valueless in
+their individual applications.
+
+Shakespeare is said to have had hazel eyes; Swift, blue eyes; Milton,
+Scott, and Byron, gray eyes. Wellington and Napoleon are also said to
+have had gray eyes.
+
+A beautiful eye is one that is full, clear, and brilliant; appropriate
+in color to the complexion, and in form to the features, and of which
+the connected parts--the eyelids, eyelashes, and eyebrows, which, with
+it, in a general view of the subject, collectively form the external
+eye--are also beautiful, and in keeping with it.
+
+To increase the beauty and expression of the eyes, various means are
+occasionally had recourse to, nearly all of which, except those herein
+mentioned in connection with the eyelashes and eyebrows, are not
+merely highly objectionable, but even dangerous. Thus, some
+fashionable ladies and actresses, to enhance the clearness and
+brilliancy of their eyes before appearing in public, are in the habit
+of exposing them to air slightly impregnated with the vapor of prussic
+acid. This is done by placing a single drop of the dilute acid at the
+bottom of an eyecup or eyeglass, and then holding the cup or glass
+against the eye for a few seconds, with the head in an inclined
+position. It has also been asserted, and I believe correctly, that
+certain ladies of the demimonde rub a very small quantity of
+belladonna ointment on the brow over each eye, or moisten the same
+part with a few drops of tincture of belladonna. This produces
+dilation of the pupil, and gives that peculiar fullness and an
+expression of languor to the eyes which, by some, is regarded as
+exceedingly fascinating. The use of these active medicinals in this
+way must be manifestly injurious; and when frequent, or long continued
+or carried to excess, must necessarily result in impaired vision, if
+not in actual blindness.
+
+The following means of repairing and restoring the sight, which has
+for some time been going the round of the press, being based on
+scientific principles, may be appropriately inserted here:
+
+For nearsightedness, close the eyes and pass the fingers, very gently,
+several times across them outward, from the canthus, or corner next
+the nose, towards the temple. This tends slightly to flatten the
+corner and lens of the eye, and thus to lengthen or extend the angle
+of vision. The operation should be repeated several times a day, or at
+least always after making one's toilet, until shortsightedness is
+nearly or completely removed. For long sight, loss of sight by age,
+weak sight, and generally for all those defects which require the use
+of magnifying glasses, gently pass the finger, or napkin, from the
+outer angle or corner of the eyes inward, above and below the eyeball,
+towards the nose. This tends slightly to "round up" the eyes, and thus
+to preserve or to restore the sight. It should be done every time the
+eyes are washed, or oftener.
+
+
+                  TO HAVE A BEAUTIFUL MOUTH AND LIPS.
+
+The beauty of the human mouth and lips, the delicacy of their
+formation and tints, their power of expression, which is only inferior
+to that of the eyes, and their elevated position as the media with the
+palate, tongue, and teeth, by which we communicate our thoughts to
+others in an audible form, need scarcely be dilated on here. The poet
+tells us that:
+
+    "The lips of woman out of roses take
+    The tints with which they ever stain themselves.
+    They are the beautiful, lofty shelves
+    Where rests the sweetness which the young hours make,
+    And which the earnest boy, whom we call Love,
+    Will often sip in sorrow or in play.
+    Health, when it comes, doth ruddiness approve,
+    But his strong foe soon flatters it away!
+    Disease and health for a warm pair of lips,
+    Like York and Lancaster, wage active strife:
+    One on his banner front the White rose keeps,
+    And one the Red; and thus with woman's life,
+    Her lips are made a battle-field for those
+    Who struggle for the color of a rose."
+
+A beautiful mouth is one that is moderately small, and has a
+well-defined and graceful outline; and beautiful lips are gracefully
+molded, neither thick nor thin, nor compressed nor lax, and that are
+endowed with expression and are tinted with the hues of health.
+
+The ladies of Eastern nations commonly heighten the hue and freshness
+of their lips by means of cosmetics, a practice which in Western
+Europe is only adopted on the stage, and occasionally by courtesans
+and ladies of the demimonde.
+
+Chapped lips most frequently occur in persons with pale, bluish, moist
+lips and a languid circulation, who are much exposed to the wind or
+who are continually moving from heated apartments to the external air.
+East and north-east winds are those that generally produce them. The
+occasional application of a little cold cream, lip salve, spermaceti
+ointment, or any other mild unguent, will generally prevent them, and
+remove them when they have already formed. A still more elegant and
+effective preventive and remedy is glycerine diluted with about twice
+its weight of eau-de-rose, or glycerinated lip salve or balsam.
+
+The moist vesicular eruption of the lips, referred to above, may also
+generally be prevented by the use of glycerine, or any of the
+preparations just mentioned. After its accession, the best treatment
+is to freely dust the affected portion of the lips with violet powder,
+finely powdered starch, prepared chalk, or French chalk or talc
+reduced to an impalpable powder by scraping or grating it.
+
+The following formulas of preparations are all valuable for
+beautifying and preserving the beauty of the lips:--
+
+=White Lip Salve--No. 1.=--Take half a pound spermaceti ointment,
+liquify it by the heat of warm water, and stir in one-half dram neroli
+or essence de petit-grain. In a few minutes pour off the clear portion
+from the dregs (if any) and add twenty drops of oil of rose. Lastly,
+before it cools, pour it into jars.
+
+=Lip Salve--No. 2.=--This indispensable adjunct to the toilet is made by
+melting in a jar, placed in a basin of boiling water, a quarter of an
+ounce each of white wax and spermaceti; flour of benzoin, fifteen
+grains; and half an ounce of oil of almonds. Stir till the mixture is
+cool. Color red with two-penny worth of alkanet root. Splendid for
+keeping the lips healthy and of a beautiful crimson color.
+
+=French Lip Salve.=--Lard, twenty-six ounces; white wax, two ounces;
+nitre and alum in fine powder, of each one-half ounce; alkanet to
+color.
+
+=German Lip Salve.=--Butter of cacao, one-half ounce; oil of almonds,
+one-quarter ounce; melt together with a gentle heat, and add six drops
+of essence of lemon.
+
+
+                        THE CARE OF THE TEETH.
+
+The influence which the teeth are capable of exercising on the
+personal appearance is usually known and admitted.
+
+The teeth have formed especial objects of attention, in connection
+with the toilet and cosmetic arts, from almost the earliest ages of
+the world to the present time. History and tradition, and the
+researches of archaeologists among the remains of the prehistoric
+nations of the East, show us that even dentistry may trace back its
+origin to a date not very long subsequent to the "confusion of
+tongues."
+
+We are told that the ancient Welsh took particular care of their
+teeth, by frequently rubbing them with a stick of green hazel and a
+woollen cloth. To prevent their premature decay, they scrupulously
+avoided acid liquids, and invariably abstained from all hot food and
+drink.
+
+Europeans pride themselves on teeth of pearly whiteness; but many
+Asiatic nations regard them as beautiful only when of a black color.
+The Chinese, in order to blacken them, chew what is called "betel" or
+"betel nut," a common masticatory in the East. The Siamese and the
+Tonquinese do the same, but to a still greater extent, which renders
+their teeth as black as ebony, or more so. As the use of the
+masticatory is generally not commenced until a certain age, the common
+practice is to stain the teeth of the boys and girls with a strong
+preparation of it, on the former attaining the age of ten or twelve.
+
+Keeping the lips apart and breathing through the mouth instead of the
+nose, and, particularly, sleeping with the mouth open, are habits
+which are very prejudicial to the teeth and gums. In this way the
+mouth forms a trap to catch the dust and gritty particles floating in
+the atmosphere, which soon mechanically injure the enamel of the teeth
+by attrition.
+
+On the subject of cleanliness in connection with the teeth and mouth,
+it may be said that the mouth cannot be too frequently rinsed during
+the day, and that it should be more particularly so treated after each
+meal. Pure cold water is the best for the purpose. It not only cleans
+the teeth and mouth, but exerts a tonic action on the gums, which warm
+water, or even tepid water, is deficient in. When cold water cannot be
+tolerated, tepid water may be employed, the temperature being slightly
+lowered once every week or ten days until cold water can be borne.
+Every one who abhors a foetid breath, rotten teeth, and the
+toothache, would do well to thoroughly clean his teeth at bedtime,
+observing to well rinse the mouth with cold water on rising in the
+morning, and again in the day once, or oftener, as the opportunities
+occur. With smokers, the use of the toothbrush the last thing at night
+is almost obligatory if they value their teeth and wish to avoid the
+unpleasant flavor and sensation which teeth fouled with tobacco smoke
+occasion in the mouth on awakening in the morning.
+
+As to tooth powders or pastes to be used with the brush, the simplest
+are the best. Plain camphorated chalk, with or without a little finely
+powdered pumice stone or burnt hartshorn, is a popular and excellent
+tooth powder. It is capable of exerting sufficient friction under the
+brush to ensure pearly whiteness of the teeth without injuring the
+enamel, whilst the camphor in it tends to destroy the animalcula in
+the secretions of the mouth, whose skeletons or remains constitute, as
+we shall presently see, the incrassation popularly called "tartar."
+Recently-burnt charcoal, in very fine powder, is another excellent
+tooth powder, which, without injuring the enamel, is sufficiently
+gritty to clean the teeth and remove the tartar from them, and
+possesses the advantage of also removing the offensive odor arising
+from rotten teeth and from decomposing organic matter. The charcoal of
+the heavy hardwoods, as lignum-vitae, boxwood, oak, are the best; and
+these, as to quality, range in the order given. Still more valuable as
+a dentifrice is areca nut charcoal, which, besides possessing the
+properties of the other vegetable charcoals in an eminent degree, has
+valuable ones peculiar to itself.
+
+Some dentists, and some persons in imitation of them, in order to
+whiten the teeth, rub their surfaces with hydrochloric acid, somewhat
+dilute; but the practice is a most dangerous one, which, by a few
+repetitions, will sometimes utterly destroy the enamel and lead to the
+rapid decay of all the teeth so treated. Should the teeth be much
+discolored, and ordinary tooth powder prove ineffective, a little
+lemon juice used with the brush will generally render them perfectly
+white. It should only be employed occasionally, and the mouth should
+be well rinsed with water afterwards. A little of the pulp of an
+orange, used in the same way, is also very effective and safe, as are
+also ripe strawberries, which may be either rubbed on the teeth with
+the fingers or applied with the brush. The last form, perhaps, the
+very best natural dentifrice known. Besides possessing singular power
+in whitening and cleaning the teeth and rapidly removing tartar, they
+destroy the offensive odor of rotten teeth and impart an agreeable
+fragrance to the breath.
+
+The importance of a judicious attention to the teeth, in connection
+with health, cleanliness, and personal comfort and appearance, cannot
+be too often alluded to and enforced.
+
+It is no exaggeration to say that, taking the whole community, there
+are few, very few, who clean their teeth, or even wash their mouths,
+once a day. With the masses the operation, if performed at all, is
+confined to the Sabbath day, or to holidays; whilst refined, educated,
+and cleanly persons regard the operation of cleaning the teeth as a
+daily duty, as necessary as washing the face and hands. The dirty and
+vulgar--the two words are here synonymous--wholly neglect it, and too
+often even consider it as unnecessary, effeminate, and absurd. The
+consequences of the careless performance, or the neglect, of this
+really necessary personal duty are not long in being developed.
+Passing over the degradation of the other features, the offensiveness
+of the breath, often to a degree which renders the individual
+uncompanionable, and the unfavorable impression which, like other
+marks of uncleanliness, they convey of the taste and habits of their
+possessor, as the immediate effects of habitually neglected and dirty
+teeth, let us look at the more distant, but not less certain, ones:--
+
+In cases of ordinary toothache, even severe ones, chewing a small
+piece of really good pellitory will often give relief in a few
+minutes. Chewing a piece of strong, unbleached Jamaica ginger will
+often do the same in light cases. The celebrated John Wesley
+recommended a "few whiffs" at a pipe containing a little caraway seed
+mixed with tobacco as a simple and ready means of curing the
+toothache. I can bear testimony to the fact that in some cases it
+succeeds admirably.
+
+Scarcely anything is more disagreeable, and in marked cases, more
+disgusting, than foetid breath. It is unpleasant to the person that
+has it, and it renders him unfit for the society of others. The cause
+of stinking breath may generally be traced to rotten teeth, diseased
+stomach, or worms. When the first are the cause, the teeth should be
+thoroughly cleansed and then "stopped" in the manner already
+indicated; or, when this is impracticable, the offending tooth, or
+teeth, may be removed and replaced by artificial ones. When this
+cannot be done, or is inconvenient, the evil may be greatly lessened
+by the frequent use of an antiseptic tooth powder, areca nut charcoal
+or camphorated chalk. Dirty teeth, even when quite sound, always more
+or less taint the breath. When a foul or a diseased stomach is the
+cause, mild aperients should be administered; and if these do not
+succeed, an emetic may be given, scrupulous cleanliness of the teeth
+being observed, as in the former case. When worms are the cause, worm
+medicine, under medical direction, will be necessary.
+
+=To Cure Foul Breath.=--When bad breath is occasioned by teeth, or any
+local cause, use a gargle consisting of a spoonful of solution of
+chloride of lime in half a tumbler of water.
+
+=To Have White and Beautiful Teeth.=--An article known as "The Queen's
+Tooth Preserver" is made as follows: One ounce of coarsely powdered
+Peruvian bark, mixed in half a pint of brandy for twelve days. Gargle
+the mouth (teeth and gums) with a teaspoonful of this liquid, diluted
+with an equal quantity of rose-water. Always wash off the teeth after
+each meal with water. Also, twice a day, wash the teeth with the ashes
+of burned bread--bread burned to ashes.
+
+=For Decayed Teeth.=--There is nothing better than two scruples of myrrh
+in fine powder, one scruple of juniper gum, and ten grains of alum,
+mixed in honey. Apply often to the teeth.
+
+=To Cure Toothache.=--Take equal parts of camphor, sulphuric ether,
+ammonia, laudanum, tincture of cayenne, and one-eighth part oil of
+cloves. Mix well together. Saturate with the liquid a small piece of
+cotton, and apply to the cavity of the diseased tooth, and the pain
+will cease immediately.
+
+=Premium Tooth Powder.=--Six ounces prepared chalk, one-half ounce
+cassia powder, one ounce orris; mix well.
+
+=Mouth Pastilles for Perfuming the Breath.=--First: Extract of
+liquorice, three ounces; oil of cloves, one and a half drams; oil of
+cinnamon, fifteen drops. Mix, and divide into one-grain pills.
+
+Second: Catechu, seven drams; orris powder, forty grains; sugar, three
+ounces; oil of rosemary (or of cloves, peppermint, or cinnamon), four
+drops. Mix, and roll flat on oiled marble slab, and cut into very
+small tablets.
+
+=Feuchtwanger's Tooth Paste.=--Powdered myrrh, two ounces; burned alum,
+one ounce; cream tartar, one ounce; cuttlefish bone, four ounces; drop
+lake, two ounces; honey, half a gallon. Mix. Reduce the proportion for
+a small quantity.
+
+=Fine Tooth Powder.=--Powdered orris root, one ounce; Peruvian bark, one
+ounce; prepared chalk, one ounce; myrrh, one-half ounce. Mix.
+
+=To Remove Offensive Breath.=--For this purpose, almost the only
+substance that should be admitted to the toilet is the concentrated
+solution of chloride of soda. From six to ten drops of it in a
+wineglassful of spring water, taken immediately after the operations
+of the toilet are completed.
+
+In some cases, the odor arising from caries is combined with that of
+the stomach. If the mouth be well rinsed with a teaspoonful of the
+solution of the chloride in a tumbler of water, the bad odor of the
+teeth will be removed.
+
+=Rye Tooth Powder.=--Rye contains carbonate of lime, carbonate of
+magnesia, oxide of iron, manganese, and silica, all suitable for
+application to the teeth. Therefore, a fine tooth powder is made by
+burning rye, or rye bread, to ashes, and grinding it to powder by
+passing the rolling-pin over it. Pass the powder through a sieve, and
+use.
+
+=Camphorated Chalk.=--This favorite tooth powder is easily made. Take a
+pound of prepared chalk, and with this mix two drams of camphor very
+finely powdered, and moisten with spirits of wine. Thoroughly mix.
+
+=To Remove the Yellow Color from Teeth.=--Take of dry hypochlorite of
+lime, one-half dram; red coral, two drams. Tincturate and mix
+thoroughly. This powder is employed in the following manner: A new
+brush is slightly moistened, then dipped in the powder and applied to
+the teeth. A few days after the use of this powder the teeth will
+acquire a beautiful white color.
+
+=Camphor Paste.=--Take one ounce of oil ammoniac, four drams of camphor.
+Let the above be very finely powdered, then mix it with sufficient
+honey to make it into a smooth paste; triturate it until entirely
+smooth. This is a most excellent paste for preserving and beautifying
+the teeth.
+
+=Preservative Tincture for the Teeth and Gums.=--Take four drams of
+camphor, one ounce of tincture of myrrh, one ounce of tincture of
+bark, and one ounce of rectified spirits of wine; mix them, and put 30
+or 40 drops in a wineglassful of water. Pour a little of this upon
+your brush before you apply it to the powder, and when the teeth are
+clean, wash the mouth, teeth, and gums with the remainder. It will in
+ordinary cases prevent toothache.
+
+=Powerfully Cleansing Dentifrice.=--Take fine powder of pumice stone,
+four drams; fine powder of cuttlefish bone, four drams; add one
+scruple of subcarbonate of soda. Mix them well together, color and
+scent according to taste, and then pass it through a fine sieve.
+
+=Infallible Cure for Toothache.=--Take alum, reduced to an impalpable
+powder, two drams; nitreous spirits of ether, seven drams. Mix, and
+apply them to the tooth. This is said to be an infallible cure for all
+kinds of toothache, unless the disease is connected with rheumatism.
+
+=Mixture for Decayed Teeth.=--Make a balsam with a sufficient quantity
+of honey, two scruples of myrrh in fine powder, a scruple of gum
+juniper, and ten grains of rock alum. A portion to be applied
+frequently to the decayed tooth.
+
+=To Whiten and Beautify the Teeth.=--Take gum tragacanth, one ounce;
+pumice stone, two drams; gum arabic, one ounce; cream of tartar, one
+ounce. Dissolve the gums in rose-water, and adding to it the powder,
+form the whole into little sticks, which are to be dried slowly in the
+shade, and afterwards kept for use. Use on the brush like soap.
+
+
+             HOW TO HAVE SOFT, WHITE AND BEAUTIFUL HANDS.
+
+There are very few beautiful hands, but to make the hands beautiful
+rests, with scarcely an exception, with the possessor. Now that
+chiromancy has become so fashionable as to be a part of a great many
+entertainments, it is very desirable that the hands should present an
+attractive appearance. A soft, white, delicate hand, with neatly-kept
+nails, forms an important factor in a pleasing personal appearance,
+and is something any man or woman may possess themselves of with a
+little care. Of course it goes without saying, that requisite is
+perfect cleanliness of both the hands and nails. The best and purest
+soap should be used, and when soft water cannot be obtained, a few
+drops of ammonia, or a little borax, should be added to the water in
+which the hands are washed, and they should always be thoroughly
+dried. A lotion of one ounce glycerine, one ounce rose-water, ten
+drops of carbolic acid, and forty drops of hamamelis, is excellent to
+use on the hands before they are dried each time they are washed.
+
+Persons who do housework should wear the India rubber gloves which are
+made for the purpose and can be purchased in any size for from $1.00
+to $1.25 as they are with or without wrists.
+
+Rubbing the hands once or twice a day in oatmeal tends to whiten them
+and make them soft and flexible.
+
+The following bleaches the hands and arms and makes them beautifully
+soft and white:--
+
+=Bleaching Lotion.=--Bitter almonds, ten ounces; iris powder, one ounce;
+pulverized horse-chestnut, two ounces; essence of bergamot, one dram;
+carbonate of potash, two drams; mix. Use on the hands after washing,
+and on retiring for the night.
+
+Five grains of chloridated lime in a pint of warm water will whiten
+the hands and remove all stains, but as this is not always quite
+harmless to a delicate skin, it is perhaps better to remove stains
+with a cut of lemon, and use the preparation given above for whitening
+them.
+
+Tight lacing and tight sleeves, and even tight shoes, will cause the
+hands to be an unsightly red, for which no lotion or care is a remedy.
+If, however, all the clothing is worn so as to allow a free
+circulation, and the directions which have been given are regularly
+and constantly followed, any hand will become white, supple and
+delicate--a pleasure to both possessor and beholder; and it is really
+worth the care, which after a little time becomes a fixed habit and so
+is scarcely noticeable, to have such hands.
+
+=To Make the Hands White and Delicate.=--Should you wish to make your
+hands white and delicate, wash them in hot milk and water for a day or
+two. On retiring to rest, rub them well over with palm oil, and put on
+a pair of woollen gloves. The hands should be thoroughly washed with
+hot water and soap the next morning, and a pair of soft leather gloves
+worn during the day; they should be frequently rubbed together to
+promote circulation. Sunburnt hands should be washed in lime water or
+lemon juice. Should they be severely freckled, the following will be
+good to use: Take of distilled water, half a pint; sal ammoniac, half
+a dram; oxymuriate of quicksilver, four grains; divide the two last in
+spirit, and gradually add the water to them; add another half pint of
+water, mix well together, and it is ready for use. It should be
+applied as often as desirable, with a piece of soft sponge. If
+rose-water is substituted for distilled water, the effect is
+pleasanter.
+
+=Remedy for Chapped Hands.=--The simplest remedy is the camphor ball, to
+be obtained of all chemists. Powdered hemlock bark put into a piece of
+muslin and sprinkled on the chaps is highly recommended. Or, wash with
+oatmeal, and afterwards rub the hands over with dry oatmeal, so as to
+remove all dampness. It is a good thing to rub the hands and lips with
+glycerine before going to bed at night. A good oil is made by
+simmering: Sweet oil, one pint; Venice turpentine, three ounces; lard,
+half a pound; beeswax, three ounces. Simmer till the wax is melted.
+Rub on, or apply with a rag.
+
+=To Cure Red Hands.=--Wash them frequently in warm, not hot, water,
+using honey soap and soft towel. Dry with violet powder, and again
+with a soft, dry handkerchief. Take exercise enough to promote
+circulation, and do not wear gloves too tight.
+
+=Almond Paste for the Hands.=--Take one pound of sweet almonds,
+one-quarter of a pound of bread crumbs, one half a pint of spring
+water, one-half a pint of brandy, and the yolks of two eggs. Pound the
+almonds with a few drops of vinegar or water, to prevent them oiling;
+add the crumbs of bread, which moisten with the brandy as you mix it
+with the almonds and the yolks of eggs. Set this mixture over a slow
+fire, and stir it continually or it will adhere to the edges.
+
+=Almond Paste for Chapped Hands= (which will preserve them smooth and
+white).--The daily use of the following paste will keep the hands
+smooth and white: Mix a quarter of a pound of unsalted hog's lard,
+which has been washed in common, and then in rose, water, with the
+yolks of two fresh eggs and a large spoonful of honey. Add as much
+paste from almonds (well pounded in a mortar) as will work it into a
+paste.
+
+=General Remarks.=--The human hand, regarded either with reference to
+its ingenious construction and usefulness, or to its beauty, stands
+alone, in its superlative excellence, in the whole animal world. In no
+species of animal is the hand so wonderfully formed and so perfectly
+developed as in man.
+
+To preserve the delicacy and beauty of the hands, some little care,
+and more than that which is ordinarily bestowed on them, is required.
+Foremost in consideration must be the subject of cleanliness. Dirty
+and coarse hands are no less marks of slothfulness and lowbreeding
+than clean and delicate hands are of refinement and gentility. To
+promote softness and whiteness of the skin, mild emollient soaps, or
+those abounding in oil or fat, should alone be adopted for common use;
+by which means the tendency to contract chaps and chilblains, and
+roughness from drying winds, will also be lessened. The coarse, strong
+kinds of soap, those abounding in alkali, should be rejected, as they
+tend to render the skin rough, dry and brittle. Rain, or soft, water
+is the best natural water for washing the hands, as it cleanses them
+more rapidly and completely than ordinary hard water, and with the use
+of less soap. It may be advantageously used tepid, or even warm; but
+hot water should be avoided. Distilled water, when obtainable, is
+preferable to even rain water. In the absence of these, water that
+has been boiled and allowed to settle and cool may be employed. With
+hard water the hands are cleansed with difficulty, and though it may
+be readily softened by the addition of a little soda, such an addition
+tends to make the skin of a delicate hand somewhat hard and rough. If
+hard water must be used to wash with, the only harmless substance that
+can be conveniently added to it is a little good powdered borax. This
+will also cause it to exert a genial action on the skin. Oatmeal and
+warm water used every night and morning as a wash will whiten and
+soften the roughest and darkest hands.
+
+=Coarse, Red, Dark-Skinned Hands= may be whitened by the occasional use
+of a few grains of chloride of lime, with warm water, in the manner
+mentioned above.
+
+=Roughness of the Hands=, induced by exposure to cold and drying winds,
+may, in general, be removed by the use of a little powdered pumice
+stone with the soap in washing them. The subsequent application,
+particularly at night, of the above lotions, or of two or three drops
+of almond or olive oil, well rubbed in, will usually effect the object
+completely.
+
+The hands may be preserved dry for delicate work by rubbing a little
+club moss (lycopodium), in fine powder, over them. So repellent is
+this substance of moisture, that if a small quantity of it be
+sprinkled on the surface of a basin of water, the hand, by a little
+adroitness, may be plunged to the bottom of the basin without becoming
+wet.
+
+Excessive moisture or perspiration of the hands without obvious cause
+is generally indicative of debility, or disordered stomach, and
+requires corresponding treatment. Frequently washing the hands in
+moderately cold water often proves a local remedy for the
+inconvenience. The addition of a few grains of alum, sal ammoniac, or
+sulphate of zinc, or of a teaspoonful of vinegar, to the water greatly
+increases its efficacy. Extremely delicate and susceptible persons
+cannot always bear the excessive perspiration of their hands to be
+thus suddenly lessened, and therefore some discretion should be
+exercised by them in their attempts to check it.
+
+=The Finger Nails= require special attention if we desire to preserve
+them in their highest condition of beauty and usefulness. To keep them
+clean, the nailbrush and soap and water should be used once or oftener
+daily, as circumstances demand. Once a day at least, on wiping the
+hands after washing them, and whilst they are still soft from the
+action of the water, the free edge of the scarfskin, which, if not
+attended to, is apt to grow upward over the nails, should be gently
+loosened and pressed back in a neatly rounded form, by which the
+occurrence of cracks and sores about their roots (agnails, nail
+springs, etc.) will be prevented, and a graceful, oval form, ending in
+a crescentlike space of white, will be ensured. The skin, as a rule,
+should never be cut, pared, picked or torn off, as is commonly done,
+and the less it is meddled with, otherwise than in the way just
+mentioned, the better. The ends or points of the nails should be pared
+once every week or ten days, according to the rapidity of their
+growth, which somewhat varies with the season of the year and the
+habit of the individual. This is best done with a sharp penknife or
+nail-knife. Scissors are less convenient for the purpose, and have the
+disadvantage of straining and distorting the nails during the process.
+
+The length and shape of the nails, both for beauty and use, should
+exactly correspond with the tips of the fingers. Nails extending
+beyond the ends of the fingers are vulgar, clawlike, and inconvenient;
+whilst if shorter, particularly much shorter than the fingers, they
+are unsightly and of little use, and cause the tips of the fingers to
+become thick and clumsy. Biting the nails should be avoided as a dirty
+and disagreeable habit, and one utterly destructive to their beauty,
+strength, and usefulness.
+
+To remove stains and discolorations of the nails, a little lemon juice
+or vinegar and water is the best application. Should this fail, a few
+grains of salt of sorrel, oxalic acid, or chloride of lime, each
+diluted with warm water, may be applied, care being taken to
+thoroughly rinse the hands in clean water, without soap, afterwards.
+Occasionally a little pumice stone, in impalpable powder, or powdered
+cuttlefish bone, putty powder (polisher's peroxide of tin), may be
+used along with water and a piece of wash-leather, flannel, or the
+nailbrush, for the same purpose. The frequent use of any of these
+substances is, however, injurious to the healthy growth, strength, and
+permanent beauty of the nails. The common practice of scraping the
+surface of the nails cannot be too strongly censured, as it causes
+them to become weak and distorted. Blows on the nails, and, indeed,
+violence to them in any form, also distorts and marks them.
+
+The ladies of Oriental nations commonly dye the nails; and amongst
+many savage tribes the same practice is adopted, and is not confined
+to the gentler sex. Amongst Western Europeans, and Americans, white
+and regularly-formed nails are alone esteemed.
+
+=Chapped Hands= are common among persons with a languid circulation, who
+are continually "dabbling" in water during cold weather, and
+particularly among those with a scrofulous taint, who, without the
+last, expose their ungloved hands to bleak, cold winds. The best
+preventives, as well as remedies, are the use of warm gloves out of
+doors, and the application, night and morning, of a little glycerine,
+diluted with twice its weight of water, or a little cold cream,
+spermaceti cerate, salad oil, or any other simple unguent or oil,
+which should be well rubbed in, the superfluous portion being removed
+with a towel. This treatment will not only preserve the hands from the
+effects of cold and damp, but also tend to render them soft and white.
+Deep chaps which have degenerated into sores should be kept constantly
+covered with a piece of lint wetted with glycerine or spread with
+spermaceti ointment, the part being at the same time carefully
+preserved from dirt, cold, and wind. It is said that a once favorite
+actress, celebrated for the beauty of her hands, even when in the
+"sere and yellow leaf," covered them nightly with the flare of a calf
+or lamb, with the fat attached, over which was drawn a glove or mitten
+of soft leather. The application of a little glycerine or fatty
+matter, in the way just indicated, would have been equally effective.
+
+=Warts=, like chilblains, are too well known to require description.
+They chiefly attack the hands, and particularly the fingers, but
+sometimes occur on other portions of the body. They may be removed by
+rubbing or moistening their extremities every day, or every other day,
+with lunar caustic, nitric acid, concentrated acetic acid, or aromatic
+vinegar, care being taken not to wash the hands for some hours after.
+The first is an extremely convenient and manageable substance, from
+not being liable to drop or spread; but it produces a black stain,
+which remains till the cauterized surface peels off. The second
+produces a yellow stain, in depth proportioned to the strength of the
+acid employed. This also wears off after the lapse of a few days. The
+others scarcely discolor the skin.
+
+=To Cause the Skin to become Satin-smooth, and to Smell like a bunch of
+Violets.=--Any one using the following preparation will be noted for
+the fair softness of her complexion and the delicate perfume which
+emanates from her person. For ladies who like perfume, and care for a
+satin-smooth skin, the following is an invaluable toilet
+preparation:--
+
+Have your druggist mix for you one ounce tincture of orris, one ounce
+tincture of benzoin, ten drops oil of neroli, and ten drops oil of
+lemon. To use this perfume, add a tablespoonful of it to about a pint
+of warm water. It will turn as white as milk, and the real perfume
+will be given off, whereas while in the bottle it has anything but a
+pleasing odor. Now, after your bath, just take a soft cloth and go
+over yourself with this milk, dry thoroughly, and you will smell like
+a bunch of violets. The perfume may be altered to suit you, or you may
+add any handkerchief extract, but don't omit the benzoin, for that is
+what gives permanence to the perfume and softness and smoothness to
+the skin.
+
+=To Cause Those Who have Lost the Bloom and Fairness of Early Youth to
+Regain Them.=--Many ladies who as young girls were fair with a lovely
+rosy bloom, lose these beauties very early in life; very many do this
+at twenty, or very little later, and become sallow and heavy-eyed,
+thus losing their principal charm. Now, this is very easily remedied.
+Go to your druggist and ask him for some iron pills and for some
+simple purgative to take with them. Get from him directions for taking
+both, and take strictly according to his directions. In a very short
+time you will again be fair and rosy and your eyes bright and
+sparkling; in fact, you will seem to have renewed your youth, and,
+indeed, you will feel like another person, so light-hearted will you
+become, in addition to your return of beauty.
+
+
+                               THE HAIR.
+
+=Its Estimation, Structure, Growth, Management, Etc.=--The hair is not
+only invaluable as a protective covering of the head, but it gives a
+finish and imparts unequalled grace to the features which it
+surrounds. Sculptors and painters have bestowed on its representation
+their highest skill and care, and its description and praises have
+been sung in the sweetest lays by the poets of all ages. Whether in
+flowing ringlets, chaste and simple bands, or graceful braids
+artistically disposed, it is equally charming, and clothes with
+fascination even the simplest forms of beauty.
+
+    O wondrous, wondrous, is her hair!
+    A braided wealth of golden brown,
+    That drops on neck and temples bare.
+
+If there is one point more than another on which the tastes of mankind
+appear to agree, it is that rich, luxuriant, flowing hair is not
+merely beautiful in itself, but an important, nay, an essential,
+auxiliary to the highest development of the personal charms. Among all
+the refined nations of antiquity, as in all time since, the care,
+arrangement and decoration of the hair formed a prominent and
+generally leading portion of their toilet. The ancient Egyptians and
+Assyrians, and other Eastern nations, bestowed on it the most
+elaborate attention. The ancient Jews, like their modern descendants,
+were noted for the luxuriance and richness of their hair and the care
+which they devoted to it. Glossy flowing black hair is represented to
+have been the glory of the ancient Jewess, and in her person to have
+exhibited charms of the most imposing character; whilst the chasteness
+of its arrangement was only equalled by its almost magic beauty. Nor
+was this luxuriance, and this attention to the hair, confined to the
+gentler sex, for among the pagan Orientals the hair and beards of the
+males were not less sedulously attended to. Among the males of Judah
+and Israel, long flowing ringlets appear to have been regarded as
+highly desirable and attractive. The reputed beauty and the prodigious
+length and weight of the hair of Absalom, the son of David, as
+recorded in the sacred text, would be sufficient to startle the most
+enthusiastic modern dandy that cultivates the crinal ornament of his
+person. Solomon the Wise, another son of David, conceived the beauty
+of hair sufficiently dignified to express figuratively the graces of
+the Church.
+
+The hair, though devoid of sensibility and unsusceptible of expression
+under the influence of the will and the ordinary mental feelings, like
+the mobile portions of the face, and though it may be popularly
+regarded rather in the light of a parasitic growth than as an
+essential portion of the body, is capable of being affected by the
+stronger emotions and passions, and even of aiding their expression in
+the features. Who is there that, at some period or other of his life,
+if only in childhood, in a moment of sudden terror or horror, has not
+experienced the sensation popularly described as "the hair standing on
+end?" Or who is there that, at some time or other, has not witnessed
+the partial erection of the hair in children or females under like
+violent emotions, or seen the representation of it in sculptures or
+paintings? Those passions, so aptly styled by Gray the "vultures of
+the mind," frequently affect with wonderful rapidity the health of
+both the body and the mind, which wreck the hair soon sympathizes with
+and shares. Instances are recorded in which violent grief in a few
+weeks has blanched the hair and anticipated the effects of age; and
+others in which intense terror or horror has affected the same with
+even greater celerity, the change having occurred in a few days or
+even in a few hours.
+
+Besides daily attention to the hair, something else is necessary to
+insure its cleanliness and beauty and the perfect health of the skin
+of the head from which it springs. For this purpose the head should
+be occasionally well washed with soap and water, an abundance of water
+being used and great care being subsequently taken to thoroughly rinse
+out the whole of the soap with the water in which the head has been
+washed. The water may be either tepid or cold, according to the
+feelings or habit of the person; and if the head or hair be very
+scurfy or dirty, or hard water be used, a few grains of soda (not
+potash or pearlash) may be advantageously added to the water. This
+will increase its detersive qualities. After the hair has been washed,
+which should be done quickly, though thoroughly, it should be freed as
+much as possible by pressure with the hands and then wiped with a
+soft, thick towel, which should be done with care, to avoid entangling
+it. After laying it straight, first with the coarse end of the
+dressing comb and then with the finer portion, it may be finally
+dressed.
+
+In ordinary cases once every two or three weeks is often enough to
+wash the hair and head. The extreme length of ladies' hair will
+sometimes render the process of washing it very troublesome and
+inconvenient. In such cases the patient and assiduous use of a clean,
+good hairbrush, followed by washing the partings and the crown of the
+head with soap and water, may be substituted.
+
+The occasional washing of the head is absolutely necessary to preserve
+the health of the scalp and the luxuriance and beauty of the hair when
+much oil, pomatum or other greasy substance is used in dressing it.
+
+Medical writers have frequently pointed out the ill effects of the
+free or excessive use of oily or greasy articles for the hair; but
+their warnings appear to be unheeded by the mass of mankind. Some
+object to their use altogether. There are, however, exceptions to
+every rule, and some of these exceptions are noticed elsewhere in this
+volume. The ill effects referred to chiefly occur from their being
+used when not required, and in excess, and are aggravated by the
+neglect of thorough cleanliness.
+
+To improve the growth and luxuriance of the hair, when languid or
+defective, the only natural and perfectly safe method that can be
+adopted is to promote the healthy action of the scalp by increasing
+the vigor of the circulation of the blood through its minute channels.
+For this purpose nothing is so simple and effective as gentle
+excitation of the skin by frequent continued friction with the
+hairbrush, which has the convenience of ease of application and
+inexpensiveness. The same object may be further promoted by the
+application of any simple cosmetic wash or other preparation that
+will gently excite or stimulate the skin or exercise a tonic action on
+it without clogging its pores. Strong rosemary water or rosemary tea,
+and a weak solution of the essential oil of either rosemary or garden
+thyme, are popular articles of this kind. They may be rendered more
+stimulating by the addition of a little ammonia or a little spirit, or
+both of them. The skin of the head should be moistened with these on
+each occasion of dressing the hair, and their diffusion and action
+promoted by the use of a clean hairbrush. Aromatized water, to which a
+very little tincture or vinegar of cantharides (preferably the former)
+has been added, may also be used in the same way, and is in high
+repute for the purpose. When the skin is pale, lax, and wrinkled,
+astringent washes may be used. Strong black tea is a convenient and
+excellent application of this kind. When the skin and hair are dry,
+and the latter also stiff and untractable, a little glycerine is an
+appropriate addition to each of the preceding washes or lotions. The
+occasional use of a little bland oil, strongly scented with oil of
+rosemary or of origanum, or with both of them, or with oil of mace, or
+very slightly tinctured with cantharides, is also generally very
+serviceable when there is poorness and dryness of the hair. When the
+hair is unnaturally greasy and lax (a defect that seldom occurs), the
+use of the astringent washes just referred to, or of a little simple
+oil slightly scented with the essential oil of bitter almonds, will
+tend to remove or lessen it.
+
+All the articles named above promote the glossiness and waviness of
+the hair, and are also among the simplest, safest, and best
+applications that can be employed when the hair is weak and begins to
+fall off.
+
+To impart some degree of curliness or waviness to the hair when it is
+naturally straight, and to render it more retentive of the curl
+imparted to it by papers or by other modes of dressing it, various
+methods are often adopted and different cosmetics employed. The first
+object appears to be promoted by keeping the hair for a time in a
+state intermediate between perfect dryness and humidity, from which
+different parts of its structure, being unequally affected in this
+respect, will acquire different degrees of relaxation and rigidity,
+and thus have a tendency to assume a wavy or slightly curly form,
+provided the hair be left loose enough to allow it. For this purpose
+nothing is better than washing the hair with soap and water, to which
+a few grains of salt of tartar (carbonate of potash) have been added;
+or it may be slightly moistened with any of the hair washes mentioned
+in the last paragraph, in each half-pint of which a few grains of the
+carbonate (say ten or twelve), or a teaspoonful of glycerine, has
+been dissolved. The moistened hair, after the application of the
+brush, should be finally loosely adjusted as desired with the
+dressing-comb. The effect occurs as the hair dries. When oils are
+preferable to hair washes, those strongly scented with the oil of
+rosemary, to which a few drops of oil of thyme or origanum may be
+added, appear to be the most useful.
+
+To cause the hair to retain the position given to it in dressing it,
+various methods and cosmetics are commonly employed. When the
+arrangement is a natural one and the hair healthy and tractable, the
+free use of the hairbrush will usually be sufficient for the purpose.
+When this is insufficient, the application of a few drops of oil, or,
+better still, moistening the hair with a little simple water, will
+effect the object satisfactorily. In very elaborate and unnatural
+styles of dressing the hair, and to cause it to remain in curl or to
+retain its position during dancing, or violent exercise, bandoline and
+cosmetique or hard pomatum are the articles commonly employed in
+fashionable life. Mild ale or porter has a similar effect, and is
+often substituted for the preceding expensive cosmetics. The frequent
+use of any of these articles is objectionable, as they clog up the
+pores of the skin and shield both it and the hair from the genial
+action of the atmosphere, which is essential to their healthy vigor.
+They should, hence, be subsequently removed by carefully washing the
+head with a little soap and tepid water. Their use may be tolerated in
+dressing for the ballroom, but on no other occasion. Simple water
+skillfully employed, as noticed elsewhere, is the best and safest
+mixture, and under ordinary circumstances is amply sufficient for the
+purpose.
+
+The practice of artificially changing the color of the hair, and
+particularly of dyeing it, has descended to us from remote antiquity,
+and though not so common in Western Europe as formerly, is still far
+from infrequent at the present day. This might be inferred from the
+multitude of nostrums for the purpose continually advertised in the
+newspapers, and from the number of persons who announce themselves as
+practicing the art, even though the keen and experienced eye did not
+frequently detect instances of it, as it now does, in the hair and
+beards of those we see around us. The recent rage after light auburn
+or reddish hair in fashionable life has, unfortunately, greatly
+multiplied these instances. The consideration of the subject, however,
+in its ethical relations does not come within the province of the
+present work, and I shall confine myself to pointing out how the color
+of the hair may be changed in the safest and most satisfactory
+manner.
+
+To change the color of the hair various methods and preparations are
+employed. The principal of these are intended to darken it, but
+sometimes the contrary is aimed at. Whichever object is desired, it is
+necessary that the article or preparation employed to carry it out be
+not of a caustic or irritant nature, capable of injuriously affecting
+the delicate skin to which it is applied, or that it may be liable to
+come in contact with, as is the case with many of the nostrums vended
+for the purpose. Some of the substances that necessarily enter into
+the composition of hair strains and hair dyes, or that are used in
+connection with them, possess these objectionable properties in a high
+degree, and can, therefore, only be safely employed in a state of
+proper dilution and combination. If any doubt exists respecting such
+an article, it is a wise precaution to regard it with suspicion and to
+test its qualities before applying it for the first time. This may be
+done by placing some of it on the soft skin of the inner side of the
+wrist or fore-arm, and allowing it to remain there as long, and under
+the same conditions, as it is ordered to be left in contact with the
+hair or skin of the head or face. In this way the injury or loss of
+the hair, sores, and other serious consequences that too often follow
+the use of advertised and ill-prepared hair dyes may be generally
+avoided.
+
+To gradually darken the shade of the hair on these principles,
+provided its normal sulphur be still secreted by the hair-bulbs and be
+still present in its structure, it will, therefore, generally be
+sufficient to occasionally employ a weak solution of any of the milder
+salts of iron as a hair wash. The menstruum may be water, to which a
+little spirits and a few drops of oil of rosemary to increase its
+stimulating qualities have been added. In applying it, the head being
+first washed clean, care should be taken to thoroughly moisten the
+whole surface of the hair and the skin of the head with the wash; and
+its absorption and action should be promoted by the free use of a
+clean hairbrush. Wine is the favorite solvent for the iron; ale and
+beer are also sometimes so employed. Most of the fashionable
+ferruginous hair washes also contain a few grains of acetate of copper
+or distilled verdigris, the objections to which have been already
+pointed out.
+
+The daily use of oil or pomatum, with which a few grains of carbonate
+of lead, lead plaster, or trisnitrate of bismuth, have been blended by
+heat and careful trituration, has generally a like effect on the hair
+to ferruginous solutions; so also has a leaden comb, but its action is
+very uncertain. None of these last are, however, safe for
+long-continued use. Atrophy of the scalp, baldness, and even local
+paralysis, have sometimes, though rarely, been caused by them.
+
+When the normal sulphur of the hair is absent, or deficient, the
+preceding substances fail to darken the hair. In this case the desired
+effect may often be produced by also moistening the head, say twice a
+week, with water, to which a little sulphuret of potassium or
+hydrosulphuret of ammonia has been added.
+
+When it is desired to dye or darken the hair more rapidly, as in a few
+hours, or even a few minutes, plumbite of lime, plumbite of potassa,
+or nitrate or ammonia--nitrate of silver--is usually employed. The
+first is commonly produced by the admixture of quicklime with oxide of
+lead (litharge), carbonate of lead, or acetate of lead. These
+ingredients should be in appropriate proportions, but very generally
+the reverse is the case in those of the shops.
+
+It may be laid down as a rule that when the lime is in greater
+proportion than about two to one of the oxide, and to the
+corresponding equivalents of the other substances mentioned, or when
+the lime has not been prepared in a proper manner, the compound is not
+safe, and very likely to prove injurious to the skin and hair-bulbs,
+and perhaps to act as a depilatory. The effects of these lead dyes
+arise partly in the way previously described and partly by direct
+chemical action between the sulphur of the hair and the lead which
+they contain, sulphuret of lead being formed in the surfacial portion
+of the hair. It is on the last that their more immediate effect
+depends. If there be no sulphur in the hair, they will not darken it.
+After the necessary period of contact, they should be gently but
+thoroughly removed from the hair and skin by rubbing them off with the
+fingers, and by the use of the hairbrush, the head being then washed
+clean with tepid water. Should the tint imparted by them not be deep
+enough, or be too fiery, it may be darkened and turned on the brown or
+black by moistening the hair the next day with a very weak solution of
+sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of ammonia.
+
+None of the compounds of lead stain the skin, an advantage which has
+led to a preference being given to them by many persons who are clumsy
+manipulators, and to the more extensive use of them than of other hair
+dyes.
+
+The salts of silver above referred to are more rapid in their action
+as hair dyes than those containing lead. It is only necessary to wash
+the hair quite clean and free from grease, then to moisten it with a
+weak solution of one of them, and, lastly, to expose it to the light,
+to effect the object in view. Sunlight will fully darken it in a few
+minutes, but in diffused daylight it will take two or three hours, or
+longer, to acquire the deepest shade. To avoid this delay and
+inconvenience, the common practice is, a few minutes after applying
+the silver solution, to moisten or wet the hair with a solution of
+sulphuret of potassium, or of hydrosulphuret of ammonia. The effect is
+immediate, and the full depth of shade which a silver solution of the
+strength employed is capable of imparting is at once produced. A few
+minutes later and the hair and skin may be rinsed with tepid water,
+gently wiped dry, and the hair finally adjusted with the comb. The
+effect of its application, its rapid action, and the satisfactory
+nature of the effect produced, all tend to render a solution of
+nitrate of silver the favorite hair dye of those who have sufficient
+skill and steadiness of hand to use it properly.
+
+It will be useful here to inform the inexperienced reader that all
+solutions and compounds which contain nitrate of silver stain the skin
+as well as the hair, if they be allowed to touch it. These stains may
+be removed, when quite recent, by rubbing them with a piece of rag or
+sponge wetted with a weak solution of potassium, of hydrosulphuret of
+ammonia, or of iodide of potassium; but as this is attended with some
+trouble and inconvenience, the best way is to avoid the necessity of
+having recourse to it. The hairdressers commonly adopt the plan of
+smearing hard pomatum or cosmetique over the skin immediately
+surrounding the hair to be operated upon, in order to protect it from
+the dye. By very skillful manipulation, and the observance of due
+precautions, the hair may be thoroughly moistened with the silver
+solution without touching the adjacent skin; but this can only be done
+when the hair of the head is under treatment by a second party.
+
+In reference to the tone and shades of color given by the substances
+commonly employed to dye the hair, it may be useful to state that the
+shades given by preparations of _iron_ and _bismuth_ range from dark
+brown to black; those given by the salts of silver, from a fine
+natural chestnut to deep brown and black, all of which are rich and
+unexceptional. The shades given by lead vary from reddish-brown and
+auburn to black; and when pale or when the dye has been badly applied
+or compounded, are generally of a sandy, reddish hue, often far from
+agreeable. However, this tendency of the lead dyes has recently led to
+their extensive use to impart that peculiar tint to the light hair of
+ladies and children which is now so fashionable. Other substances,
+hereafter referred to, are, however, preferable, as imparting a more
+pleasing hue.
+
+The reddish tint produced by lead, as already hinted, may be generally
+darkened into a brown, more or less rich, by subsequently moistening
+the hair with a weak solution of either sulphuret of potassium or
+hydrosulphuret of ammonia.
+
+The favorite compounds for external use in baldness, and, perhaps, the
+most convenient and best, are such as owe their stimulating quality to
+cantharides or Spanish flies, or to their active principle,
+cantharidine. This application of these drugs has received the
+sanction of the highest medical authorities, both in Europe and
+America. The leading professional hair-restorers now rely almost
+exclusively on cantharides, and all the more celebrated advertised
+nostrums for restoring the hair contain it as their active ingredient.
+
+Oils and pomades, very strongly impregnated with the essential oil of
+garden thyme (origanum) and rosemary, and lotions or liniments
+containing ammonia with a like addition of these essential oils,
+probably come next in the frequency of their use as popular
+restoratives of the hair in actual and incipient baldness.
+
+=To Have Elegant Hair.=--Every girl should have thick, magnificent hair.
+It is essential to clip the ends of the hair once a month after a
+child is four years of age. Ammonia and warm water is an excellent
+wash for the hair and scalp, and gives life and vigor to it when all
+other articles fail.
+
+=Wild Rose Curling Fluid.=--Take two drams (avoirdupois) dry salt of
+tartar; (carbonate of potassa) powdered cochineal, half dram; liquor
+of ammonia and spirit de rose, each one fluid dram; glycerine,
+one-fourth ounce; rectified spirit, one and one-half imperial fluid
+ounces; distilled water, eighteen ounces; digest with agitation for a
+week, and then decant or filter. The hair to be moistened with it, and
+then loosely adjusted. The effect occurs as it dries.
+
+=To Cause the Hair to Grow very Thick.=--One of the most powerful
+stimulants for the growth of the hair is the following: Take a quarter
+of an ounce of the chippings of alkanet root, tie in a scrap of coarse
+muslin, and suspend it in a jar containing eight ounces of sweet oil
+for a week, covering it from the dust. Add to this sixty drops
+tincture of cantharides, ten drops oil of rose, sixty drops of neroli,
+and sixty drops oil of lemon. Let this stand twenty days, closely
+corked, and you will have one of the greatest hair-invigorators and
+hair-growers that this world has ever produced.
+
+=Lola Montez Hair Coloring.=--This celebrated woman published the
+following, and claimed that it was as harmless as any preparation that
+would really color the hair: Ten grains of gallic acid, one ounce of
+acetic acid, one ounce of tincture of sesgurichloride of iron.
+Dissolve the gallic acid, sesgurichloride, and add the acetic acid.
+Wash the hair with soap and water; when dried, apply the dye by
+dipping a fine comb in it and drawing through the hair so as to color
+the roots thoroughly. Let it dry, then oil and brush well.
+
+=Hair Restorative.=--Four drams oxide bismuth, four drams spermaceti,
+four ounces pure hog's lard. The lard and spermaceti should be melted
+together. When nearly cool, stir in the bismuth and perfume. Prevents
+the hair from turning gray, and restores gray hair.
+
+=For Bald Heads.=--A most valuable remedy for promoting the growth of
+the hair is an application, once or twice a day, of wild indigo and
+alcohol. Take four ounces of wild indigo and steep it about a week or
+ten days in a pint of alcohol and a pint of hot water, when it will be
+ready for use. The head must be thoroughly washed with the liquid,
+morning and evening, application being made with a sponge or soft
+brush.
+
+Another excellent preparation is composed of three ounces of castor
+oil, with just enough alcohol to cut the oil, to which add twenty
+drops tincture of cantharides, and perfume to suit. This not only
+softens and imparts a gloss to the hair, but also invigorates and
+strengthens the roots of the hair.
+
+=Excellent Hair Wash.=--Take one ounce of borax, half an ounce of
+camphor; powder these ingredients very fine and dissolve them in one
+quart boiling water. When cool the solution will be ready for use.
+Dampen the hair frequently. This wash effectually cleanses,
+beautifies, and strengthens the hair, preserves the color, and
+prevents early baldness. The camphor will form into lumps after being
+dissolved, but the water will be sufficiently impregnated.
+
+=To Cure Baldness.=--Cologne water, two ounces; tincture of cantharides,
+two drams; oil of lavender or rosemary, of each ten drops. These
+applications must be used twice a day for three or four weeks, but if
+the scalp becomes sore they may be discontinued for a time or used at
+longer intervals.
+
+When the hair falls off, from diminished action of the scalp,
+preparations of cantharides are excellent. The following will cause
+the hair to grow faster than any other preparation: Beef marrow
+(soaked in several waters, melted and strained), half a pound;
+tincture cantharides (made by soaking for a week one dram of powdered
+cantharides in one ounce of proof spirit), one ounce; oil of bergamot,
+twelve drops.
+
+=Stimulants for the Hair.=--Vinegar and water form a good wash for the
+roots of the hair. A solution of ammonia is often used with good
+effect for the same purpose. For removing scurf, glycerine diluted
+with a little rose-water will be found of service. Any preparation of
+rosemary forms an agreeable and highly cleansing wash. The yolk of an
+egg beaten up in warm water is a most nutritious application to the
+scalp. A very good application is made in this way: Take an ounce of
+powdered borax and a small piece of camphor and dissolve in a quart of
+boiling water. The hair must afterwards be washed in warm water. Many
+heads of hair require nothing more in the way of wash than soap and
+water. The following recipe will strengthen the hair and prevent its
+falling out: Vinegar of cantharides, half an ounce; eau de cologne,
+one ounce; rose-water, one ounce. The scalp should be brushed briskly
+until it becomes red, and the lotion should then be applied to the
+roots of the hair twice a day.
+
+=The Golden Hair Secret.=--The rage for light, gold color, or even red
+hair, which has prevailed for some time, has led to various expedients
+for procuring it. Many ladies have sacrificed fine heads of hair, and
+in place of their own dark tresses have adopted light wigs; but the
+prevailing absurdity has been the use of strong alkalies for the
+purpose of turning dark hair light. This is the purpose of the
+ausicomus fluid, which may be procured of any hairdresser; but we warn
+our fair readers that the use of these products is apt to be
+disappointing. They certainly will turn black to a brick-dust hue, but
+the color is often disagreeable. It is apt to present itself in
+patches in different hues, and the effect on the hair is terrible--it
+often rots and crumbles away. In place of this absurd practice, we
+recommend the following as available for trying the effect for dress
+purpose: Procure a packet of gold powder of the hairdresser. Have
+ready a very weak solution of gum and water, and one of the small
+perfume vaporizers now in use. When the hair has been dressed,
+sprinkle it with gum and water by means of the vaporizer and then
+shower on the gold powder. It may be put on thick enough to hide the
+color of the hair, and owing to the gum it cannot be danced off. The
+effect by artificial light is beautiful.
+
+=For Keeping the Hair Crimped or Curled in Summer.=--A quarter of an
+ounce of gum tragacanth, one pint rose-water, and five drops of
+glycerine; mix and let stand over night. If the tragacanth is not
+dissolved, let it remain half a day longer; if it is thick add more
+rose-water and let it remain for some hours. If then it is a smooth
+solution, nearly as thin as glycerine, it is fit for use. Dampen the
+hair before crimping or curling.
+
+=To Bleach the Hair.=--It has been found in the bleaching of hair that
+gaseous chlorine is the most effectual. The hair should be cleaned for
+that purpose by a warm solution of soda and washed afterwards with
+water. While moist it is put into a jar with chlorine gas introduced
+until the air in the jar looks greenish. Allow it to remain on for
+twenty-four hours, and then, if necessary, repeat the operation.
+
+=A New French Remedy for Baldness.=--Croton oil, one of the best French
+remedies for baldness, is employed by simply adding to it oil or
+pomade, and stirring or agitating the two together until admixture or
+solution is complete. The formula adopted by the eminent French
+physician who introduced this remedy, and who speaks in the most
+confident and enthusiastic way of the success attending its use, is:
+Take croton oil, twelve drops (minims); oil of almonds, four troy
+grains. Mix. A little is to be well rubbed on the scalp twice a day.
+Soft down, we are assured, appears in three weeks.
+
+=For Improving the Hair.=--_Palma Christi oil for thickening the hair_:
+Take one ounce of Palma Christi oil, add oil of lavender or bergamot
+to scent it. Let it be well brushed into the hair for two or three
+months, particularly applying it to those parts where it may be most
+desirable to render the hair luxuriant. This is a simple and valuable
+oil, and not in the hands of any monopolist.
+
+=To Dye the Hair Flaxen.=--We have heard the following is effective:
+Take a quart of lye prepared from the ashes of vine twigs, briony,
+celandine roots, and tumeric, of each half an ounce; saffron and lily
+roots, of each two drams; flowers of mullein, yellow stechas, broom,
+and St. John's wort, of each a dram. Boil these together and strain
+off the liquor clear. Frequently wash the hair with the fluid, and it
+will change it, we are told, in a short time to a beautiful flaxen
+color.
+
+=A Powder for Preserving the Hair.=--The following powder has the name
+of facilitating the regeneration of the hair and strengthening its
+roots. Still more valuable properties have been ascribed to it, such
+as that of rousing the imagination to vigorous efforts and
+strengthening the memory--delightful properties if they could be
+realized by such simple means. Take an ounce and a half of red roses;
+a small quantity each of calamus aromaticus (sweet-scented flag), and
+of the long cyperus; an ounce of benzoin; six drams of aloes (the wood
+of); half an ounce of red coral, and the same quantity of amber; four
+ounces of bean flour; and eight ounces of the root of Florentine iris.
+Let the whole be mixed together and reduced to a very fine powder, to
+which add a few grains of musk. This powder is to be sprinkled on the
+hair in the same manner as hair powder is generally used, and, having
+remained for a time embedded with the hair, to be removed by means of
+comb and brush; and to be occasionally applied and removed. It is said
+to regenerate the hair and strengthen the roots, and to possess the
+properties which are above enumerated.
+
+=To Make the Hair Grow and to Prevent It from Falling.=--The following
+recipes are selected from a work published some years ago in Paris,
+entitled "Manuel Cosmetique des Plantes":--
+
+Take the roots of young vines, the roots of hemp, and young cabbages,
+of each two handfuls. Dry, and then burn them. Make afterwards a lye
+with the ashes. Before the head is washed with this lye it must be
+rubbed with honey, and continue both for three successive days. This
+will not only make the hair grow, but restore it upon bald places,
+under certain habits and constitutions of body. Pulverize some parsley
+seed, and use it as hair powder for three nights at the commencement
+of the year, and it will prevent your hair from falling.
+
+=To Make the Hair Grow Quick.=--Dip, every morning, the teeth of your
+comb in the juice of nettles, and comb the hair against the grain.
+
+=Mixture for Shampoo.=--Bay rum, one pint; tincture of cantharides, one
+dram; carbonate of ammonia, one half dram; salts tartar, one half
+dram. Mix.
+
+=To Prevent the Hair Falling Out.=--Boxwood shavings, six ounces; proof
+spirit, twelve ounces; spirits of rosemary, two ounces; spirits of
+nutmeg, one half ounce. Mix.
+
+=Wash for Scald Heads.=--Take one half ounce of sulphate of potassa, one
+pint of lime water, one ounce of soap liniment. Mix, and apply to the
+head two or three times a day.
+
+
+                        POWDERS AND THEIR USES.
+
+The powders usually sold by druggists are injurious to the complexion,
+owing to harmful ingredients. If a powder is perfectly pure, a
+moderate use of it will not harm the complexion, but if it is impure
+it soon causes the face to turn sallow and yellow. The following is
+perfectly pure, and is a splendid article, giving a lovely, refined
+complexion:--
+
+=Boston Burnet Powder for the Face.=--Five cents' worth of bay rum, five
+cents' worth of magnesia snowflake, five cents' worth of bergamot,
+five cents' worth oil of lemon; mix in a pint bottle and fill up with
+rain water. Perfectly harmless, and splendid.
+
+=Queen Bess Complexion Wash.=--Put in a vial one dram of benzoin gum in
+powder, one dram nutmeg oil, six drops of orange-blossom tea or apple
+blossoms; put in half a pint of rain water, and boiled down to a
+spoonful, and strained; one-pint of sherry wine. Bathe the face
+morning and night; it will remove all flesh-worms and freckles, and
+give a beautiful complexion. Or, put one ounce of powdered gum benzoin
+in a pint of whisky. To use: Put in water in washbowl till it is
+milky.
+
+
+                         FLESH-WORMS--TO CURE.
+
+Black specks on the nose disfigure the face. Remove by washing
+thoroughly in tepid water, rubbing with a towel, and applying with a
+soft flannel a lotion made of three ounces of cologne and half an
+ounce of liquor of potash.
+
+
+            TO WHITEN THE SKIN AND REMOVE FRECKLES AND TAN.
+
+Bathe three times a day in a preparation of three quarts water, one
+quart alcohol, two ounces of cologne and one of borax, in proportion
+of two teaspoons mixture to two tablespoons soft water.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER II.
+
+                  TREATING OF MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.
+
+
+=The Human Temperaments.=--By these are meant certain types, forms or
+conformations of the human body, each known and distinguished from the
+other by certain characteristics, which enable those who are familiar
+with these peculiarities to readily distinguish one temperament from
+the others. The existence of the temperaments is believed to depend
+upon the development of certain parts or systems in the body, and each
+is accompanied by different degrees of activity of the brain, and
+corresponding difference in the talents and manifestations of the
+individual. They are four in number, viz.: Nervous, Sanguine, Bilious,
+and Lymphatic. When the brain and nerves are predominant, it is termed
+the _nervous_ temperament; if the lungs and blood vessels
+constitutionally predominate, the _sanguine_; if the muscular and
+fibrous systems are in the ascendency, the _bilious_; and when the
+glands and assimilating organs are in the ascendency, it is termed the
+_lymphatic_ or _phlegmatic_.
+
+First: The nervous is indicated by fine, thin hair, small muscles,
+thin skin, pale countenance, brilliant eyes, with great quickness and
+sensitiveness to impressions, and is really the mental or intellectual
+temperament.
+
+Second: The sanguine is known by a stout, well-defined form, a full
+face, florid complexion, moderate plumpness, firm flesh, chestnut or
+sandy hair, and blue eyes. This is the tough, hardy, working
+temperament, excessively fond of exercise and activity, and a great
+aversion to muscular quiescence and inactivity, and consequently
+averse to books and close literary pursuits.
+
+Third: The bilious is indicated by a thin, spare face, dark skin,
+black hair, firm flesh, moderate stoutness, with rough, harsh, and
+strongly marked features. This temperament gives great will,
+elasticity, and powers of endurance, and, when combined with the
+nervous, is the great, efficient, moving temperament in the great
+events of the world.
+
+Fourth: The lymphatic is indicated by paleness, roundness of the form,
+softness of muscle, fair hair, sleepy, half-closed eyes, and a dull,
+sluggish, inexpressive face. In this temperament the brain and all
+other parts of the body appear to be slow, dull, and languid, and the
+whole body little else than one great manufactory of fat. These
+temperaments, however, are rarely found pure, but mixed or blended in
+an almost endless variety of ways, producing the ever-varying
+peculiarities of human character and intellect.
+
+
+           THE FORTUNATE AND UNFORTUNATE DAYS OF EACH MONTH.
+
+                              FORTUNATE.
+
+In January, six days--the 1st, 2nd, 15th, 26th, 27th, and 28th.
+In February, four days--the 11th, 21st, 25th, and 26th.
+In March, two days--the 10th and 24th.
+In April, five days--the 6th, 15th, 16th, 20th, and 28th.
+In May, three days--the 3rd, 18th, and 31st.
+In June, five days--the 10th, 11th, 15th, 22nd, and 25th.
+In July, three days--the 9th, 15th, and 28th.
+In August, six days--the 6th, 7th, 10th, 11th, 19th, and 25th.
+In September, five days--the 4th, 8th, 17th, 18th, and 23rd.
+In October, five days--the 3rd, 7th, 16th, 21st, and 22nd.
+In November, three days--the 5th, 14th, and 20th.
+In December, six days--the 15th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, and 25th.
+
+
+                             UNFORTUNATE.
+
+In January, seven days--the 3rd, 4th, 6th, 13th, 14th, 20th, and 21st.
+In February, seven days--the 3rd, 7th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 17th, and 23rd.
+In March, eight days--the 1st, 2nd, 5th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 28th, and 29th.
+In April, two days--the 24th and 25th.
+In May, five days--the 17th, 20th, 27th, 29th, and 30th.
+In June, eight days--the 1st, 5th, 6th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 24th.
+In July, four days--the 3rd, 10th, 17th, and 18th.
+In August, two days--the 15th and 16th.
+In September, two days--the 9th and 16th.
+In October, six days--the 4th, 9th, 11th, 17th, 27th, and 31st
+In November, four days--the 3rd, 9th, 10th, and 21st.
+In December, two days--the 14th and 21st.
+
+
+         DAYS OF THE WEEK--THEIR IMPORTANCE AT THE NATAL HOUR.
+
+A child born on Sunday shall be of long life and obtain riches.
+
+A child born on Monday will be weak and effeminate.
+
+Tuesday is more unfortunate still, though a child born on this day
+may, by extraordinary vigilance, conquer the inordinate desires to
+which he will be subject; still, in his violent attempts to gratify
+them, he will be in danger of a violent death.
+
+The child born on Wednesday will be given to a studious life, and
+shall reap great profit therefrom.
+
+A child born on Thursday shall attain great honor and dignity.
+
+He who calls Friday his natal day shall be of a strong constitution,
+and perhaps addicted to the pleasures of love.
+
+Saturday is another ill-omened day; most children born on this day
+will be of heavy, dull, and dogged disposition.
+
+
+                     IMPORTANT ADVICE TO FEMALES.
+
+It has often been observed, and experience has shown the observation
+to be a true one, that some event of importance is sure to happen to a
+woman in her thirty-first year, whether it prove for her good or it be
+some evil or temptation; therefore we advise her to be circumspect in
+all her actions. If she is a maiden or widow, it is probable she will
+marry this year. If a wife, that she will lose her children or
+husband. She will either receive riches or travel into a foreign land;
+at all events, some circumstance or other will take place during this
+remarkable year of her life that will have great effect on her future
+fortunes and existence.
+
+
+                            THE MAGIC RING.
+
+=To know whom you will marry, and what kind of a fate you will have
+with them.=--Borrow a wedding ring, concealing the purpose for which
+you borrow it; but no widow's or pretended marriage ring will do--it
+spoils the charm; wear it for three hours at least before you retire
+to rest, and then suspend it, by a hair off your head, over your
+pillow; write within a circle resembling a ring, the sentence from the
+matrimonial service beginning with, "_with this ring I thee wed_," and
+round the circle write your own name at full length, and the figures
+that stand for your age; place it under your pillow, and your dream
+will fully explain whom you are to marry, and what kind of a fate you
+will have with them. If your dream is too confused to remember it, or
+you do not dream at all, it is a certain sign that you will never be
+married.
+
+
+                PHYSIOGNOMICAL SIGNS OF A GOOD GENIUS.
+
+A straight, erect body, neither over tall nor short, between fat and
+thin. The flesh naturally soft. The skin neither soft nor rough, but a
+medium between. The complexion white, verging to a blush of redness.
+The hair between hard and soft, usually of a brown color. The head and
+face of a moderate size. The forehead rather high. The eyes manly,
+big, and clear, of a blue or hazel color. The aspect mild and humane.
+The teeth so mixed that some are broad and some narrow. A subtle
+tongue, and the voice between intense and remiss. The neck comely and
+smooth. The channel-bone of the throat appearing and moving. The back
+and ribs not over fleshy. The shoulders plain and slender. The hands
+indifferently long and smooth. The fingers long, smooth, and equally
+distant. The nails white, mixed with red, and shining. The carriage of
+the body erect in walking.
+
+
+         ELECTRICAL PSYCHOLOGY, OR PSYCHOLOGICAL FASCINATION.
+
+The most easy, sure and direct mode to produce electro-psychological
+communication is to take the individual by the hand, in the same
+manner as though you were going to shake hands. Press your thumb with
+moderate force upon the _ulnar nerve_, which spreads its branches to
+the ring and little finger. The pressure should be nearly one inch
+above the knuckle, and in range of the ring finger. Lay the ball of
+the thumb flat and particularly crosswise so as to cover the minute
+branches of this nerve of motion and sensation. When you first take
+your subject by the hand, request him to place his eyes upon yours,
+and to keep them fixed, so that he may see every emotion of your mind
+expressed in the countenance. Continue this pressure for half a minute
+or more, then request him to close his eyes, and with your fingers
+gently brush downward several times over the eyelids, as though
+fastening them firmly together. Throughout the whole process feel
+within yourself a fixed determination to close them, so as to express
+that determination fully in your countenance and manner. Having done
+this, place your hand on the top of his head and press your thumb
+firmly on the organ of individuality, bearing partially downward, and
+with the other thumb still pressing the _ulnar nerve_, tell him, _You
+cannot open your eyes!_ Remember that your manner, your expression of
+countenance, your motions, and your language must all be of the same
+positive character. If he succeed in opening his eyes, try it once or
+twice more, because impressions, whether physical or mental, continue
+to deepen by repetition. In case, however, that you cannot close his
+eyes, nor see any effect produced upon them, you should cease making
+any further efforts, because you have now fairly tested that his mind
+and body both stand in a positive relation as regards the doctrine of
+impressions. If you succeed in closing the subject's eyes by the above
+mode, you may then request him to put his hands on his head, or in any
+other position you choose, and tell him, _You cannot stir them!_ In
+case you succeed, request him to be seated, and tell him, _You cannot
+rise!_ If you are successful in this, request him to put his hands in
+motion, and tell him, _You cannot stop them!_ If you succeed, request
+him to walk on the floor, and tell him, _You cannot cease walking!_ As
+so you may continue to perform experiments, involving muscular motion
+and paralysis of any kind that may recur to your mind, till you can
+completely control him in arresting or moving all the voluntary parts
+of his system.
+
+
+                              MESMERISM.
+
+If you desire to mesmerize a person, who has never been put in that
+state, nor in the least affected, the plan is to set him in an easy
+posture and request him to be calm and resigned. Take him by both
+hands, or else by one hand and place your other gently on his
+forehead. But with whatever part of his body you choose to come in
+contact, be sure to always touch two points, answering to the
+_positive_ and _negative_ forces. Having taken him by both hands, fix
+your eyes upon his, and, if possible, let him contentedly and steadily
+look you in the face. Remain in this position until his eyes close.
+Then place both your hands on his head, gently pass them to his
+shoulders, down the arms, and off at the ends of his fingers. Throw
+your hands outward as you return them to his head, and continue these
+passes till he can hear no voice but yours. He is then entirely in the
+mesmeric state. When a person is in the mesmeric state, whether put
+there by yourself or someone else, you can awake him by the upward
+passes, or else do it by an impression, as follows: Tell him, "I will
+count _three_, and at the same instant I say _three_ I will slap my
+hands together, and you will be wide awake and in your perfect senses.
+Are you ready?" If he answers in the affirmative, you will proceed to
+count "One, two, three!" The word three should be spoken suddenly, and
+in a very loud voice, and at the same instant the palms of the hands
+should be smitten together. This will instantly awake him.
+
+
+            HOW TO MAKE PERSONS AT A DISTANCE THINK OF YOU.
+
+Let it be particularly remembered that "faith" and concentration of
+thought are positively needful to accomplish aught in drawing others
+to you, or making them think of you. If you have not the capacity or
+understanding to operate an electric telegraph battery, it is no proof
+that an expert and competent person should fail in doing so. Just so
+in this case; if faith, meditation, or concentration of thought fail
+you, then will you also fail to operate on others. First, you must
+have a yearning for the person you wish to make think of you; and,
+secondly, you must learn to guess at what time of day or night, he may
+be unemployed--passive--so that he may be in a proper state to receive
+the thought which you dispatch to him. If he should be occupied in any
+way, so that his nervous forces were needed to complete his task, his
+"human battery," or thought, would not be in a recipient or passive
+condition, therefore your experiment would fail at that moment. Or, if
+he were under heavy narcotics, liquors, tobacco, or gluttonous
+influences, he could not be reached at such moments. Or, if he were
+asleep, and you operated to effect a wakeful mind or thought, you
+would fail again at the moment. To make a person at a distance think
+of you (whether you are acquainted with him or not, matters not), I
+again repeat, find out or guess at what moment he is likely to be
+passive--by this I mean easy and careless; then, with the most fervent
+prayer or yearning of your entire heart, mind, soul, and strength,
+desire he may think of you. And if you wish him to think on any
+particular topic in relation to you, it is necessary for you to press
+your hands, when operating on him, on such mental faculties of your
+head as you wish him to exercise towards you. This demands a meager
+knowledge of Phrenology. His "feeling nature," or "propensities," you
+cannot reach through these operations, but when he thinks of you (if
+he does not know you, he imagines such a being as you are) he can
+easily afterwards be controlled by you, and he will feel disposed to
+go in the direction where you are, if circumstances permit and he is
+his own master, for, remember, circumstances alter cases. I said you
+cannot reach his "feeling," but only his "thinking," nature, truly,
+but after he thinks of you once his "feeling nature," or propensities,
+may become aroused through his own organization. In conclusion on this
+topic, let me say that if you wish the person simply to think of you,
+one operation may answer; but, on the contrary, if you wish him to
+meet you, or go where you are, all you have to do is to persevere, in
+a lawful and Christian manner, to operate, and I assure you, in the
+course of all natural things--that is, if no accident or very
+unfavorable circumstances occur--he will make his way towards you, and
+when he comes within sight, or reaching distance of you, it will be
+easy to manage him.
+
+
+              HOW TO CHARM THOSE WHOM YOU MEET AND LOVE.
+
+When you desire to make any one "love" you with whom you meet,
+although not personally acquainted with him, you can very readily
+reach him and make his acquaintance, if you observe the foregoing
+instructions in addition to the following directions: Suppose you see
+him coming towards you, in an unoccupied mood, or recklessly or
+passively walking past you, all that remains for you at that moment is
+to concentrate your thought, and send it into him as before explained,
+and, to your astonishment, if he was passive, he will look at you, and
+now is your time to send a thrill to his heart, by looking him
+carelessly, though determinately, in the eyes, and praying him, with
+all your heart, mind, soul, and strength, that he may read your
+thought and receive your true love, which God designs we should bear
+one another. This accomplished, and you need not, and must not, wait
+for a cold-hearted, fashionable, and popular Christian introduction;
+neither should you hastily run into his arms, but continue operating
+in this psychological manner, not losing any convenient opportunity to
+meet him at an appropriate place, when an unembarrassed exchange of
+words will open the door to the one so magnetized. At this interview,
+unless prudence sanction it, do not shake hands, but let your manners
+and loving eyes speak with Christian charity and ease. Wherever or
+whenever you meet again, at the first opportunity grasp his hand in an
+earnest, sincere, and affectionate manner, observing at the same time
+the following important directions, viz.: As you take his bare hand in
+yours, press your thumb gently, though firmly, between the bones of
+the thumb and the forefinger of his hand, and at the very instant when
+you press thus on the blood vessels (which you can before ascertain to
+pulsate) look him earnestly and lovingly in the eyes, and send all
+your heart's, mind's, and soul's strength into his organization, and
+he will be your friend, and if you find him not to be congenial, you
+have him in your power, and by carefully guarding against evil
+influences, you can reform him to suit your own purified, Christian,
+and loving taste.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER III.
+
+                  A SPECIAL CHAPTER FOR YOUNG WOMEN.
+
+
+                               MARRIAGE.
+
+Advice upon this subject is very much needed. I am assured that it is
+a subject not often talked of in families--at least, as it ought to
+be--nor is it much alluded to in the pulpit, and the result is that
+young people commonly get their notions about it from those only a
+little older than themselves, and who therefore know but little more
+than they do, or from those who form their opinions from the abuse
+they see of it and so hold degrading and unworthy ideas respecting it.
+Sometimes all that is known about it amounts to this, that it is a
+delightful thing to be married.
+
+It is quite true that it often is, and always ought to be, delightful;
+still, you know it is frequently the reverse. You cannot, then, be too
+cautious in the matter.
+
+Nothing can be more orderly, right, proper, and holy than marriage. It
+is not, however, quite so simple an affair as you may fancy. Every
+good thing (and this is one of the best) requires some effort to
+obtain it, and unless you take the right course you must not expect to
+succeed.
+
+You may often see a young woman who, from not entertaining correct
+views on the point, is certainly taking a wrong course, her endeavors
+being rather to make what she considers a good match than by acquiring
+kind and orderly habits to qualify herself to become worthy of a
+worthy husband.
+
+That the best things are liable to the greatest abuses is notorious,
+and from the lamentable fact that marriage is often abused we may
+fairly infer its pre-eminent worth. In truth, there is nothing more
+valuable. It is, then, highly injurious to entertain low notions
+respecting it, and men who indulge in loose conversation on the
+subject are likely at the same time to think meanly of women. Beware
+of them, and if you hear them expressing such opinions in your
+presence, withdraw from them at once as unworthy of your company.
+Never fear but they will respect you the more for the rebuke.
+
+Of course you are looking forward to settling happily, and will do
+your best for that purpose. On this let me remark that all happiness
+(that is, all that is genuine, and therefore worthy of the name) comes
+from connection with the one great source of all good, and He has
+freely and fully provided all the means necessary for our being happy,
+both here and hereafter. He has placed each of us where it is best for
+us to be, and in the circumstances that are best for us at the time,
+and this applies to you and to me now. Howsoever much appearances may
+be to the contrary, He cares as much for each of us as if we were the
+sole objects of His care. It is only by doing our duty in humble
+dependence on His assistance, which He never withholds, that we can be
+happy. It behooves you, then, to consider well what is your duty, in
+order that you may do it and may enjoy the blessings He is so ready to
+bestow. I hope you may have been a loving and dutiful daughter, an
+affectionate sister, and a faithful friend; then you may have good
+ground of hope for the future.
+
+
+                      WHEN A PROSPECT OF MARRIAGE
+
+occurs you cannot do better than consult your mother, aunt, or other
+discreet relative that has your welfare at heart, from whom you may
+reasonably expect the best and most disinterested advice; and this it
+will be well for you to be guided by. Women of mature years can judge
+far better than you whether a man is likely to make a good husband.
+You should likewise quietly and cautiously make your own observations
+among your married acquaintances, especially where you believe there
+is a comfortable and happy home. You will doubtless find that to a
+very great extent this happy home depends on the wife's management and
+economy. Very often it happens that when two husbands have the same
+income, with the same number of children, there will be comfort in the
+one home and discomfort in the other. Now, there must be a reason for
+this, and you should endeavor to find it out and profit by the lesson.
+It is said "Cleanliness is next to godliness," and truly the value of
+cleanliness cannot be overrated. In point of time, it should go before
+godliness, for where there is not cleanliness there can hardly be
+godliness; and the health of body and mind are greatly dependent on
+these two. Moreover, where can there be complete happiness without
+health?
+
+One of the most prolific sources of matrimonial difficulties is the
+lack of knowledge on the part of wives of the duties of housekeeping.
+In these days there are a hundred young ladies who can drum on the
+piano to one who can make a good loaf of bread.
+
+
+                         YET A HUNGRY HUSBAND
+
+cares more for a good dinner than he does--as long as his appetite is
+unappeased--to listen to the music of the spheres. Heavy bread has
+made many heavy hearts, given rise to dyspepsia--horrid dyspepsia--and
+its herd of accompanying torments. Girls who desire that their
+husbands should be amiable and kind, should learn how to make good
+bread. When a young man is courting, he can live well at home; or, if
+he has to go a distance to pay his addresses, he usually obtains good
+meals at an hotel or an eating-house; but when he is married and gets
+to housekeeping, his wife assumes the functions of his mother or his
+landlord, and it is fortunate for her if she has been educated so as
+to know what a good table is. Those who are entirely dependent upon
+hired cooks make a very poor show at housekeeping. The stomach
+performs a very important part in the economy of humanity, and wives
+who are forgetful of this fact commit a serious mistake.
+
+You know full well that most young men--and most young women, too--are
+desirous of marrying and having a family; but they do not sufficiently
+consider that it is God who gives them this desire, and that for the
+wisest of purposes; not only that this world may be peopled, but also
+that its inhabitants may be prepared for heaven.
+
+Nothing is more certain than that
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE AFFORDS
+
+the fairest opportunities for preparing for a better world. In it we
+have others dearer than ourselves to think about and provide for; and
+in doing so, we have often to practice that very useful virtue,
+self-denial. Let me here impress upon you most deeply, that it is only
+by making others happy that we can become happy ourselves. The angels,
+we may be assured, are happy, because they are always actively good;
+and for a similar reason it is that God himself is infinitely happy.
+If you try to secure you own happiness by any other means than a
+faithful discharge of your duty to God and your neighbor, you will
+certainly fail.
+
+I dare say you will find that
+
+
+                  YOUNG MEN ARE FOND OF YOUR COMPANY,
+
+and of paying you every polite attention, and you, as a right-minded
+woman, are well pleased to be so treated. It is due to you _as a
+woman_. Now, each of them is, or ought to be, looking out for a wife,
+and it is well that you should know this. It is, too, more important
+than you perhaps are aware, that you should be carefully making your
+own observations, so that when the time arrives for one of them to ask
+you to become his wife you may not be taken by surprise, but may know
+how to act on the occasion.
+
+Let me caution you here against a failing that is common among young
+women. I mean that of making themselves too cheap. They feel flattered
+by the attentions paid to them, and are not sufficiently aware that
+many young men are fond of indulging in flattery; and such, if they
+find a young woman weak enough to be pleased with it, will perhaps
+play upon her feelings and gain her affections without having any
+honorable intentions towards her.
+
+As a protection against such, I recommend you to have a proper respect
+for yourself, and to consider with what object or purpose you receive
+their attentions. If you respond without an object, you may be doing
+them wrong; if you accept them when they have no right intentions, you
+allow them to wrong you. For this purpose consider well what you
+are--a human being intended for an eternity of bliss. God has made you
+a woman; and, believe me, as there is no fairer, so there is no nobler
+creature than woman. She is formed to be her husband's helpmate and
+the mother of his children, and the all-important work of training
+these for heaven depends mainly upon her. Great, then, is her
+responsibility; but God has given her the requisite love and power to
+do her duty with satisfaction and delight. He has placed you in this
+beautiful world that by doing your duty as a daughter, sister, wife,
+mother, and friend, you may become fitted to enter His heavenly
+kingdom.
+
+During your courtship let me entreat you to be very careful and
+circumspect. There is no period of life that can compare with this
+delightful season. It is, or should be, full of sunshine and sparkling
+with the poetry of life; but alas! to many it is the opposite. A want
+of judgment--a momentary indiscretion--has not only blotted out this
+beautiful springtime of life, but has marred, darkened, and blighted
+the whole of the after lifetime.
+
+No maiden can, under any circumstances, place her character in the
+hands of any man before marriage. No matter how sincere the love, how
+ardent the protestations, how earnest or plausible the pleadings, you
+must not, you cannot, surrender your honor. You must preserve your
+prudence and virtue; it is only by possession of these that you can
+keep
+
+
+                  THE LOVE AND RESPECT OF YOUR LOVER.
+
+Be firm, be circumspect; a rash word or a false step may extinguish
+forever all your bright hopes and prospective joys. Even should your
+lover redeem his promises and take you to be his wife, this
+indiscretion, or crime, will surely hang over you like a curse,
+creating discord, trouble, and sorrow, the greatest portion of which
+will fall to your share.
+
+You must know that young men, however amiable, worthy or honorable
+they may be, may, in a moment of intense excitement, commit a sin that
+in their calmer moments they would not be guilty of for worlds.
+
+But under all circumstances you will be looked upon to resist any
+advances, and maintain your purity and virtue. No matter how high the
+tide of passion may run in unguarded moments, and set in against
+heaven and against society, the terrible and painful ebb will surely
+follow and leave you stranded forever on the bleak and barren shore of
+your earthly existence.
+
+
+               THERE IS NO STATE OF LIFE MORE HONORABLE,
+
+useful, and happy than that of a wife and mother. There must and ever
+will be inequalities of station, but happiness is equally attainable
+in them all. To be happy, however, you must be good. Of course, I do
+not mean absolutely good, for "there is none good but One"; but I mean
+that you should be relatively good, and should aim at becoming better
+and more innocent as you advance in life. Now, you cannot respect
+yourself unless you know that you are worthy of respect; and if you do
+not respect yourself, you cannot expect that anybody else will; and in
+such case you will not be worthy of the love of any good man, and none
+such will be likely to pay court to you. If, however, you take the
+right means, in which I include prayer for divine guidance, you will
+have the respect and friendship of all your acquaintances, and then in
+God's own time, and, let me add, without your seeking it, the man whom
+you can make happy will present himself and propose to make you his
+wife, if it be God's will that you should become one.
+
+Here are two very important points for your consideration: First, that
+it should be your constant endeavor to
+
+
+                       MAKE YOUR HUSBAND HAPPY;
+
+and, second, that before you consent to marry him, you should
+ascertain that he has those qualifications that will secure your
+happiness. It most nearly concerns yourself that you do your duty to
+God and your neighbor at all times, so that it becomes your habit; and
+you will find it much easier, and safer, too, to do it every day
+rather than on only particular occasions; for this would require a
+special effort, and for the time, perhaps, put you into a state of
+excitement, which, in all probability, would be followed by a
+depression of spirits. What you should rather aim at is a uniformly
+cheerful state of mind, resulting from a conscious and confident
+dependence on Providence. If your husband knows from experience that
+such is your character, he cannot fail, provided he be worthy of you,
+to be content and happy.
+
+
+                    IT IS THE NATURE OF YOUNG WOMEN
+
+to be affectionate, and it is pleasant and usual for them to have
+several dear friends, enjoying more or less of their confidence. Among
+these may be included some of their male acquaintance. Now, while they
+may esteem each of these as they would a dear cousin, they should know
+and act upon the knowledge that it is only to _one_ they can give
+their unlimited confidence and individual affection as a wife. It is
+the height of cruelty and wickedness for either a man or a woman to
+trifle with another's affection. Such base conduct has cost many a
+young woman her health and peace, and even her life, and cannot,
+therefore, be too much depreciated and avoided.
+
+Let me, then, advise you to be
+
+
+                             VERY CAUTIOUS
+
+before you allow a young man to pay you such marked attentions as may
+lead to marriage. It is not, you know, to terminate in seven years,
+like an apprenticeship or a commercial partnership, but it is an
+engagement for the life of one of the parties. I want you, then, to
+profit by the experience of others, too many of whom enter into
+marriage from light and low considerations, and not to settle in life
+till you, and also your friends, see that there is a reasonable
+prospect of your securing happiness, as well as comfort and a
+respectable position.
+
+When a young woman has property or expects it, or is possessed of
+superior personal attractions, she should be especially prudent in her
+conduct towards the numerous admirers which such qualifications
+usually attract. No woman should allow herself to accept the
+attentions of any man who does not possess those sterling qualities
+which will command her respect, or whose love is directed to her
+fortune or beauty rather than herself. On such a one she can place no
+reliance, for should illness or misfortune overtake her she may find
+herself deprived of that love which she had valued as the great
+treasure of her life. Possessed of this, she feels that earthly riches
+are but of secondary importance, and that the want of them can never
+make her poor.
+
+Moreover, a worthier man than any of her interested suitors may have a
+sincere respect and affection for her, but be kept in the background
+by the overzealous attention of his rivals. Still, if she has
+sufficient self-command to patiently and calmly investigate their
+general private character, she may find reason to decline their suit,
+and may discover that the more modest and retiring youth is the one
+that is deserving of her love.
+
+While on this subject, let me caution you against the foolish
+affectation which some girls practice in order to attract the
+attention of young men. In their company be natural in your manners,
+open and friendly and ready to converse on general subjects; not
+appearing to expect that every one who pays you the ordinary
+courtesies of society is going to fall in love with you. This mode of
+behavior, which is more common with those who are vain of their beauty
+than with others, frequently leads to such young women being more
+neglected than their less pretending sisters; for prudent young men,
+who are impressed with the necessity of a right decision in the
+all-important step of marriage, instinctively shrink from those who
+seem unwilling to give them a fair opportunity of judging whether
+their hearts and minds are as attractive as their persons.
+
+You may innocently admire many a young man for the noble qualities God
+has bestowed upon him, without at all entertaining the idea either
+that he would make you happy as his wife, or you him as your husband.
+Thank God we are constituted of such different temperaments that all
+may find suitable partners without clashing with each other's tastes,
+if they will only be content to watch and wait.
+
+It is the part of a young man to _watch_, to be actively desirous of
+meeting with a suitable partner. In doing this, his first
+consideration should be to seek for such a one as he can make happy;
+not to look primarily for beauty, fortune, wit, or accomplishments--things
+all very good in themselves, but by no means constituting the
+essentials of happiness. If he is influenced by pure and simple
+motives, he will not find, or expect to find, more than one that can
+satisfy his desire, and he will not be in much danger of exciting the
+envy or the rivalry of his companions.
+
+On the other hand, it is becoming in a young woman to
+
+
+                            WAIT PATIENTLY
+
+till, from the assiduous and respectful attentions of a young man, she
+can have no doubt that he is in earnest, when, and not before, she may
+freely give him her company, and with every expectation of a happy
+result. Be assured that no sensible young man is ever attracted by a
+young woman whom he sees on the lookout for a lover; he is more likely
+to think meanly of her, and to avoid her society.
+
+It may, however, happen that a young man makes the offer before the
+young woman knows enough of him for it to be right for her to accept
+it, and before he, on his part, ought to take the step. In such case
+it would be well for her, even supposing she is inclined to like him,
+to tell him that he has taken her by surprise, and that she cannot
+think of entering on so important a subject without consulting her
+friends, to whom she accordingly refers him. It would then become her
+duty to intimate to him that, although his attentions are agreeable to
+them, he must wait a while, till, from further acquaintance, they are
+enabled to judge whether it will conduce to the mutual happiness of
+their daughter and himself for her to accept the offer he has so
+kindly made.
+
+But it is not only young men who
+
+
+                          ARE APT TO BE HASTY
+
+in these matters. It is, as is well known, not uncommon for parents,
+especially mothers, very soon after a young man has begun to pay
+attention to their daughter, to give him to understand that they wish
+to know his intentions in reference to her. By such proceedings a
+young man may be taken aback, and either hurry into a match, which
+turns out unhappily, or be led to withdraw from a union which might
+have resulted in the happiness of all the parties concerned.
+
+That your parents should wish you to be married is only natural,
+especially if their own marriage has been a happy one. It will be
+gratifying to them to see a worthy young man paying attention to you,
+and most probably they will let things take their own course. Marriage
+is too important a matter to admit of being hastened.
+
+There are, I am aware, unwise parents, who, from various motives, will
+throw obstacles in the way of young people who are desirous of coming
+together. Some are so selfish as to be unwilling to part with their
+daughter, preferring their own happiness to hers. Others are so silly
+as to think no ordinary man good enough for her, and therefore, if
+they had their own way, would have her to become an old maid.
+Fortunately, such shortsighted people are not infrequently outwitted.
+
+If your parents are, as I hope they are, reasonable in their views and
+expectations, one of the chief concerns of their life will be the
+promotion of your happiness, and it behooves you to pay the utmost
+deference to their opinion; and should they, from circumstances they
+become aware of, deem it advisable that you should either postpone or
+even break off an engagement, they will doubtless give you such
+weighty reasons as will justify you in acting on their advice. Where,
+however, as sometimes happens, they unwisely refuse their consent to
+their child's marriage at a time when she well knows from her own
+feelings, and also from the sanction she receives from the opinion of
+trustworthy and judicious friends, that she would be making a real
+sacrifice were she to comply with their wishes; if, I say, under such
+circumstances she acts disobediently and marries the man she loves,
+more blame attaches to the parents than to herself, and the sooner
+they forgive her the better.
+
+It is very common for young men, when going into the company of young
+woman, together with their best dress to put on their best behavior;
+in fact, to assume a character which is not their natural one, but far
+superior to it.
+
+Some hold the opinion that
+
+
+                    "ALL IS FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR."
+
+To me it appears there cannot be greater folly and wickedness than for
+young people who are thinking of marrying to attempt to deceive each
+other. What is the good of it? A very short period of married life
+will entirely dispel the illusion. I suppose people of the world may
+think it fair to overreach one another in their dealings, saying
+"everyone for himself." They have no intention of seeking to promote
+the other's happiness; present gain is all they want. But a married
+pair, to be happy, must
+
+
+                 RESPECT AND ESTEEM, AS WELL AS LOVE,
+
+each other; and this cannot be attained except by the constant
+endeavor to _be_ as well as to _appear_ true and good.
+
+That young men should behave well in the presence of women is only
+natural and right; none but a fool would do otherwise. But you, long
+before thinking of marrying, should take all fair means to learn what
+is the general conduct and habits of your male acquaintance in their
+family circle and with their daily connections. "Are they good-humored
+and kind--able to bear the troubles they meet with? Are they
+industrious, frugal, temperate, religious, chaste? Have they had the
+prudence to insure against sickness and death?" Or, on the other hand,
+are they addicted to drinking, smoking, betting, keeping late hours,
+frequenting casinos, etc.? Your mother and other prudent friends will
+assist you to find this out. Those who do not come up to the proper
+standard, however agreeable they may be as acquaintance, certainly
+cannot make good husbands. In company of such, it behooves you to be
+well on your guard, and accept no attention from them. Should you
+marry such a one, you would be sure to be miserable.
+
+While, however, it is quite right that you should be careful about the
+character of the young man who is paying court to you, it is of far
+more importance to you that you should be careful about your own, and
+this whether you marry or not. Indeed, a chief object in our being
+placed in this world is that we may acquire good habits, and so be
+fitted to associate with the just made perfect in heaven!
+
+Be very guarded in your actions and demeanor. Cultivate purity of
+heart and thought.
+
+No woman is fit to become a wife who is not perfectly modest in word,
+deed, and thought. No young man, who is worth having, would ever
+entertain the thought for a moment of taking the girl for a wife who
+is habitually careless in her conversation and displays a levity in
+her manners. Young men may like your free and hearty girls to laugh
+and talk with, but as to taking one for a wife, let me assure you they
+would not tolerate the idea for a moment.
+
+You may at times be unavoidably compelled to hear a vulgar word spoken
+or an indelicate allusion made; in every instance maintain a rigid
+insensibility. It is not enough that you should cast down your eyes or
+turn your head, you must act as if you did not hear it; appear as if
+you did not comprehend it. You ought to receive no more impression
+from remarks of this character than a block of wood. Unless you
+maintain this standing, and preserve this high-toned purity of manner,
+you will be greatly depreciated in the opinion of all men whose
+opinion is worth having, and you deprive yourself of much influence
+and respect which it is your privilege to possess and exert.
+
+
+             COURTSHIP, AFTER ALL, IS A MOMENTOUS MATTER.
+
+After taking all the counsel that may be offered, you must at last, in
+a great measure, rely on your own judgment. Within a few short months
+you have to decide, from what you can see of a man, whether you will
+have him in preference to your parents, friends, and all others that
+you know, to be a life companion. What can you do? How shall you
+judge? How arrive at a correct conclusion? My dear young girl, there
+is only One who can assist you. He, in His mercy to your helplessness
+and weakness, has given to every virtuous and pure-minded woman a
+wonderful, mysterious, and subtle instinct; a peculiar faculty that
+cannot be analyzed by reason, a faculty that men do not possess, and
+one in which they do not generally believe. At this all-important
+period, this eventful crisis in your life, this womanly instinct
+guides and saves you. You can feel in a moment the presence or
+influence of a base, sensual, and unworthy nature. An electric-like
+thrill animates you, and you are naturally repulsed from him. When
+your suitor is a man of incongruous temper, ungenial habits, and of a
+morose and unsympathetic disposition, this same precious, divine
+instinct acts, and the man feels, though he cannot tell why, that all
+his arts and aspirations are in vain. It will seldom be necessary for
+you to tell him verbally of his failure; but should such a one blindly
+insist upon intruding his attentions, do not hesitate to tell him
+kindly but firmly your decision. Should your suitor be one who is
+worthy, who will make you happy, this same blessed instinct will
+whisper in your soul the happy news. From the first interview there is
+frequently thrown around the maiden a peculiar, undefined spell; she
+will feel differently in his presence, and watch him with other eyes
+than she has for the rest of men, and in due time, when he shall ask
+her to decide upon the question which shall seal the temporal and
+eternal destiny of two human souls, she will gladly respond, giving in
+loving trustfulness that which is the most precious, the most enviable
+thing on earth: a maiden's heart, a woman's love.
+
+Many persons, of both sexes, however amiable and pure their minds may
+be, should conscientiously abstain from marriage. This applies to all
+who have a tendency to consumption, scrofula, insanity, or any other
+of those diseases which are so frequently transmitted to offspring.
+This very important matter is not sufficiently known, and therefore is
+not attended to as it ought to be; hence the great amount of sickness
+and early death among children.
+
+The tendency to inherit qualities is very evident in the case of
+drunkards, whose children are often inclined to practice the vice of
+their parents. The children of the blind, and of the deaf and dumb,
+are also liable to be afflicted as their parents were. These facts go
+far to show that it is literally true that the sins of the fathers are
+visited upon the children. It is, however, gratifying to know--and
+there are many well-attested cases to prove it--that whereas the
+children born to a man while he was addicted to drunkenness were
+similarly addicted to that vice, those born after he gave up his
+vicious indulgence, and by that means improved his bodily health, were
+free from the evil tendency.
+
+One strong reason
+
+
+               WHY NEAR RELATIONS SHOULD NOT INTERMARRY
+
+is that, as the same general tendencies prevail in families, when the
+parents are nearly related they are very likely to have the same evil
+tendency, whatever that may be; and, therefore, there is a great
+probability that their children will also have the same, but more
+strongly developed, and, consequently, the difficulty of their
+overcoming it will be much increased.
+
+How plainly, then, is it the duty of those about to marry, as well as
+of those who are married, to strive to their utmost, with God's help,
+to overcome disorderly habits of every kind; for, be assured, it is
+only by such means they can hope to be blessed with good and healthy
+children, and thereby contribute to their own happiness, and at the
+same time to the improvement of the race as subjects both of this
+world and of heaven.
+
+As it is by no means certain that you will marry, and the time may
+come when it will no longer be convenient to your parents to support
+you, it will be good for you, keeping these contingencies in mind, to
+qualify yourself to earn your own maintenance by some honest industry.
+You will then have a right feeling of independence, and not be tempted
+to marry, as too many young women do, not from the true principle of
+sincere affection, but mainly for a living. They may thus obtain a
+competence, and jog on comfortably, but they have no right to expect
+that genuine happiness which I recommend you to aim at. When, too, you
+see so many left widows, with small families, and, as we say, totally
+unprovided for, you will become sensible of the soundness of the
+advice I am offering you. As the Lord's tender mercies are over all
+His works, it is evident, from what is occurring around us, that
+trouble and adversity are better suited to the state of some people,
+to prepare them for their eternal destination, than any amount of
+prosperity would be. The poor are no less His children than the rich,
+and he cares equally--that is, infinitely--for them all. It is
+certainly wise, then, to be prepared to meet adversity, should He
+suffer it to come upon you.
+
+Again, suppose you should not have any suitable offer of marriage,
+such as you would feel it your duty to accept, you are not on that
+account to be disheartened, and fancy yourself overlooked by
+Providence.
+
+Single life is evidently the best for some persons; they escape many
+troubles which perhaps they would find it very hard to bear. There are
+many ways in which single people can lead a useful life, and be
+
+
+                     AS HAPPY AS THE DAY IS LONG.
+
+No one that is actively useful can be unhappy. What do you see around
+you? Many, I admit, who are not so happy as we should like them to be;
+but in most cases, if we could fully investigate the matter, it would
+perhaps be found to have arisen from their thinking too much about
+themselves and not enough for others. But, on the other hand, it not
+infrequently happens, when a woman is left, and sees that the support
+and welfare of herself and children depend on her own exertions, she
+is enabled to so successfully put forth her energies and to employ her
+talents which, till she needed them, she hardly knew she possessed, as
+to surprise both herself and the most sanguine of her friends.
+
+Now, it must be confessed that we are fallen creatures, and therefore
+prone to evil. We are consequently always in danger of going wrong
+and forming bad habits, but our Heavenly Father watches over us at all
+times and gives us power to "refuse the evil and choose the good." We
+are, I know full well, too much inclined to yield to evil influences;
+still, as we always have divine aid if we implore it, I am not sure
+that, on the whole, it is not as easy to acquire good habits as bad
+ones. This much is certain, that whichever we acquire, they are likely
+to remain with us and are not easily to be got rid of.
+
+Among the subjects deserving attention as affecting our happiness is
+one on which, perhaps, I am not entitled to say much. I refer to
+dress. Now, I hold it to be a duty for people to dress well--that is,
+according to their position, means, and age; and this not so much for
+their own sakes as for the sake of giving pleasure to others. It is, I
+admit, difficult to determine how much of one's income should be
+devoted to dress, but I think few will deny that at present dress
+occupies too much time, attention, and money. For my own part, I
+confess I am most affected by female dress, and although certainly I
+like to see women well dressed, and would rather see them a little too
+fine than slovenly, I am often pained at witnessing the extravagance
+and, to me, ridiculous taste exhibited. Whenever I see a handsome and
+expensive dress trailing in the dirt, I regard it as culpable waste
+and in bad taste, and when I see it accidentally trodden on I am not
+sorry. I am inclined to believe that many women can hardly find time
+or opportunity to perform any useful duty; they have quite as much as
+they, poor things, can do to take care of their dress. I also believe
+(and this is the serious point of the matter) that many a young man is
+deterred from soliciting a maiden in marriage by knowing that his
+means would not enable him to let her dress as he is accustomed to see
+her, and this is doubtless one of the many reasons why so many of both
+sexes remain unmarried. I hold, too, that whatever forms an obstacle
+to marriage has a tendency at the same time to obstruct the entrance
+to heaven.
+
+I will now allude to some of the duties which will devolve upon you as
+a wife; and recollect that it is on the faithful discharge of these
+duties that your happiness, here and hereafter, mainly depends. All
+labor is honorable, and you know who it is that says, "My Father
+worketh hitherto, and I work." Being married, you must make your
+husband feel
+
+
+                    "THERE IS NO PLACE LIKE HOME."
+
+His business will probably take him from home most of the day, and it
+should be your care, as I doubt not it will be your delight, to see to
+his comfort, both before he starts and when he returns. It may
+sometimes happen in his fighting the battle of life that he has to
+encounter much that is unpleasant, and he may return home depressed.
+You will then have to cheer him, and be assured no one can do it so
+effectually, so pleasantly--aye, and so easily--as yourself.
+
+It is not to sweep the house, and make the bed, and darn the socks,
+and cook the meals, chiefly, that a man wants a wife. If this is all
+that he needs, hired help can do it cheaper than a wife. If this is
+all, when a young man calls to see a young lady, send him to the
+pantry to taste the bread and cake she has made. Send him to inspect
+the needlework and bedmaking; or put a broom into her hands and send
+him to witness its use. _Such things are important_, and the wise
+young man will quietly look after them. But what a true man most wants
+of a true wife is her companionship, sympathy, courage, and love. The
+way of life has many dreary places in it, and a man needs a companion
+to go with him. A man is sometimes overtaken with misfortune; he meets
+with failure and defeat; trials and temptations beset him; and he
+needs one to stand by and sympathize. He has some stern battles to
+fight with poverty, with enemies, and with sin; and he needs a woman
+that, while he puts his arm around her and feels that he has something
+to fight for, will help him fight; that will put her lips to his ear
+and whisper words of counsel, and her hands to his heart and impart
+new inspirations. All through life--through storm and through
+sunshine, conflict and victory, and through adverse and favoring
+winds--man needs a woman's love. The heart yearns for it. A sister's
+or a mother's love will hardly supply the need. Yet many seek for
+nothing further than success in housework. Justly enough, half of
+these get nothing more; the other half, surprised beyond measure, have
+got more than they sought. Their wives surprise them by bringing a
+nobler idea of marriage, and disclosing a treasury of courage,
+sympathy, and love.
+
+And I would here caution you against giving way to little
+misunderstandings in early married life. Sometimes trifling matters,
+for want of some forbearance or concession on one side on the other,
+perhaps on both sides, accumulate into serious results. These
+differences might be avoided by married partners studying each other's
+peculiarities of character, with the aim of mutually correcting, in a
+kindly spirit, any wrong tendency or temper which may sometimes show
+itself. Should you find you have inadvertently given pain to your
+husband, do not rest until you have ascertained the cause of his
+disquiet and succeeded in allaying the unhappy feeling. The earnest
+desire to please each other should by no means terminate on the
+wedding day, but be studiously continued through married life. Each
+should always endeavor to think the best of the other, and instantly
+reject every thought that might tend to weaken the bond of mutual
+preference and perfect trust.
+
+If he be wise, he will leave the housekeeping entirely to you; his
+time and attention can be better employed elsewhere. To enable you to
+do this wisely, you should, long before you marry, become familiar
+with the quality and prices of articles of consumption, and where they
+can best be obtained. Every wife should be able to cook well, whether
+she has to do it herself or not. Health and good humor greatly depend
+upon the food being of good quality, well cooked, and nicely served
+up. She should also be able, if needful, to make and mend her own and
+children's clothes.
+
+Too much importance cannot be attached to cleanliness. Men may be
+careless as to their own personal appearance, and may, from the nature
+of their business, be negligent in their dress, but they dislike to
+see any disregard in the dress and appearance of their wives. Nothing
+so depresses a man and makes him dislike and neglect his home as to
+have a wife who is slovenly in her dress and unclean in her habits.
+Beauty of face and form will not compensate for these defects. The
+charm of purity and cleanliness never ends but with life itself. These
+are matters that do not involve any great labor or expense. The use of
+the bath, and the simplest fabrics, shaped by your own supple fingers,
+will be all that is necessary. These attractions will act like a
+magnet upon your husband. Never fear that there will be any influence
+strong enough to take him from your side.
+
+An experience of many years of observation has convinced me that where
+a pure, industrious, and cheerful wife meets her husband with a bright
+smile on the threshold of her dwelling, that man will never leave the
+home for any other place.
+
+As all people are liable to illness, every young woman should aim at
+being an efficient nurse. In case of illness, it is now generally
+admitted that good nursing is of more value than medicine. To a sick
+husband, a little gruel or other trifle prepared and given by his
+wife's own hands will confer much more benefit than if prepared and
+given by another. Should it happen to you to fall ill, you may expect
+your husband to do his best; but you must not be surprised if he is
+not your equal in that department. Nursing is one of the many useful
+things which women can do better than men. A practical knowledge of
+nursing will enable you to be useful beyond your own family, and will
+enhance your value as a neighbor.
+
+You have often, I trust, experienced the pleasure of serving others
+from disinterested motives, and found that the pleasure has been
+deeper and purer when you have engaged in doing good to those who
+could not make you any return. This you have found to be the case
+wherever you have had charge of a baby--one of those little ones of
+whom the Lord says: "Their angels do always behold the face of my
+Father which is in heaven." You have perhaps been surprised to find
+how easy it was to perform such a duty, and let me assure you that you
+may always expect to find it easy to perform your duty in that state
+of life to which it shall please God to call you. He never requires
+anything from any of His creatures beyond what He gives them power to
+do. He is no hard task-master. You have only to look to Him and do
+your best, and then you may safely leave the result in His hands.
+
+Of all God's creatures, I know no happier one than a young mother with
+a good husband and a healthy baby. I say a _healthy_ baby, for that
+implies healthy parents, especially a healthy mother. She may justly
+feel proud that God has intrusted a young immortal to her care, and
+she should at all times bear in mind that it is His gift. While it is
+on all hands considered honorable to hold a commission from the
+President, and to fill a high office, contributing to the welfare of
+many people, a mother may feel her office at least as honorable,
+seeing she has intrusted to her the rearing and training of an
+immortal being, and that she holds her commission direct from the King
+of Kings. For, recollect, it is only by God's blessing that she
+becomes a mother; for such is the present state of society that many
+very worthy married people have not the privilege of offspring,
+although they are intensely fond of children and seem to have no other
+earthly want. They may, nevertheless, be very useful, and therefore
+happy, in a different sphere, by the adoption of nephews and nieces or
+in some similar way.
+
+
+                    AT THE BIRTH OF HER FIRST CHILD
+
+there is opened in the mother's heart a new well of love, such as she
+had not known before; and although she may fancy that this is all
+spent upon her babe, it is not so, for she loves her God, her husband,
+and everybody else better than ever. The father, too, is similarly
+affected; he also has a warmer love for his wife and for all his
+connections.
+
+A similar idea is well expressed by Moehler, a German writer, who says:
+"The power of selfishness, which is inwoven with our whole being, is
+altogether broken by marriage, and by degrees love, becoming more and
+more pure, takes its place." When a man marries he gives himself up
+entirely to _another_ being; in this affair of life he first goes out
+of himself, and inflicts the first deadly wound on his egotism. By
+every child with which his marriage is blessed, nature renews the same
+attack on his selfhood, causes him to live less for himself, and
+more--even without being distinctly conscious of it--for others; his
+heart expands in proportion as the claimants upon it increase, and,
+bursting the bonds of its former narrow exclusiveness, it eventually
+extends its sympathies to all around.
+
+Whenever a mother is supplying her baby with the food which God has so
+wisely provided for it, or is ministering to any other of its numerous
+and increasing wants, she may feel that everything she does for it is
+pleasing to her Heavenly Father and has its immediate reward in the
+delight she experiences in the act.
+
+I can fancy that when a mother has washed her baby, and before she
+dresses it has a good romp with it, smothering it with kisses, calling
+it all the beauties and darlings and pets and jewels she can think of,
+and talking any amount of nonsense at the top of her voice--the baby
+all the while cooing, chirping, or even screaming with delight--at
+such a time, I say, I can easily fancy that the angels are looking on
+approvingly and enjoying the scene. And why not? "Of such is the
+kingdom of heaven."
+
+From the time that an infant first becomes conscious of its wants, and
+long afterwards, it looks to its mother to supply them all, fully
+believing her able to do so. She is, in fact, in place of God to it,
+and it would be well for many of us if we trusted our Heavenly Father
+as simply and as fully as the infant does its earthly mother.
+
+Those who know no better, when they see a mother patiently watching
+her sleeping babe, might wonder that she does not feel the want of
+company. She has, however, company that they know not of, and of which
+even she herself may not be conscious. If only our eyes were open, we
+might see that she is not the only one that is so engaged--that
+angels are also occupied in watching the babe and in supporting her.
+I entirely agree with Dr. Watts, where, in his "Cradle Hymn," he makes
+the mother say:
+
+    "Hush! my babe, lie still and slumber,
+    Holy angels guard thy bed."
+
+You probably know the beautiful Irish superstition that when a baby
+smiles in its sleep the angels are whispering to it.
+
+"Before I became a father, I took little or no interest in babies; I
+rather thought them troublesome things. But the arrival of one of my
+own wrought a great change in me. It enlarged at once my views and my
+heart, and I had higher and stronger motives to exertion. My interest
+in them has not yet begun to weaken, and I have no reason to think it
+ever will."
+
+Girls are differently constituted from boys. God makes the intellect
+predominate in males, and affection in females. Accordingly, a little
+girl early shows a love for a doll, regarding it quite as her baby and
+never taking into account that it is not alive. She has many of a
+mother's cares and anxieties, as well as pleasures, about it; indeed,
+as many as she is then capable of. It is a constant source of
+amusement and employment to her. In all this we may plainly see the
+hand of Providence. It forms a suitable introduction to some of the
+interesting and important duties which will devolve on her if it
+should be His good pleasure for her to become a mother.
+
+You will, I dare say, readily see the object I now have in view. It is
+that I wish to impress on you how desirable it is that you should take
+every opportunity of becoming acquainted with the habits and wants of
+babies, and the best way of managing them. The more you have to do
+with them the more you will like the labors, and the easier and more
+delightful it will become. It is fair that, before you have children
+of your own, you should get your knowledge as to the management of
+them by experience with other people's. I take it for granted you will
+at all times do your best for them. You will then have but little
+cause to fear accident; and if accident should happen, as with all
+your care it sometimes will, you will have more confidence in your
+powers, and will be more likely to do what is best at the moment, than
+if you were unused to children. Much of the disease and early death
+that happens among children arises from the ignorance of the mothers,
+who, however, are much more to be pitied than blamed in the matter.
+They had never been taught their duties toward their future
+offspring.
+
+Few mothers are, perhaps, sufficiently aware of the great influence
+which their manners, habits, and conversation have upon the tender
+minds of their children, even from birth. The child should grow up
+with a feeling of reverence for its parents, which can only be the
+case when wisdom, as well as affection, is exercised in its bringing
+up. Hence the necessity of the mother fitting herself, both
+_intellectually_ and _morally_, for her sacred office, that the child
+may become accustomed to yield perfect obedience to her wishes, from a
+principle of love, and may acquire, as it advances in life, the habit
+of yielding a like obedience to that which is right.
+
+As you well know that you are not perfect yourself, you must be
+prepared to find that your husband has also his imperfections, and it
+is no unimportant part of your duty to help him to get rid of them.
+Indeed, it is one of the highest uses of marriage for each partner to
+assist the other on the journey to the heavenly Canaan. But before you
+attempt to point out a fault in him, consider how you had best proceed
+so as to attain your object; for unless you adopt a judicious mode,
+and an affectionate as well as earnest manner, you may do as much harm
+as good. You must also carefully watch your opportunity; for what
+would be favorably received at one time and under certain
+circumstances, might under other circumstances give offence and
+altogether fail of the good effect intended and hoped for. You do not
+know how powerful you may be for good to your husband. There is much
+truth in the saying, "A man is what a woman makes him."
+
+Previous to your marriage it will be expedient for you not to give
+your lover that full and unlimited confidence which it will be your
+duty--and your inclination, too--to give him when he becomes your
+husband. I refer chiefly to family and other private matters, not to
+anything he ought to know to enable him to judge of your character and
+position. Many unhappy marriages have been brought about through the
+young woman letting it be known that she has "great expectations." A
+worthless fellow may, in consequence, have succeeded in winning her
+hand.
+
+There is another point to which I must just allude before concluding
+this address. It is doubtless the order of Providence for marriage to
+take place, when possible, on our arriving at years of maturity. But I
+would guard you against the evil results of _too early_ marriage,
+before either body or mind is perfectly matured. We scarcely need
+consult either medical or moral science to satisfy ourselves on this
+by no means trifling point. We may find in society too many sad
+instances of such immature and indiscreet unions. The minds of young
+persons should be expanded by a certain amount of experience in the
+world before entering upon engagements involving so many momentous
+duties.
+
+In your daily walks abroad, if you examine the countenances of those
+you meet, you will doubtless be led to conclude that there is a great
+deal of disease and misery in the world; but judging from my own
+observation, I think you will find that the greater number of persons
+exhibit signs of health and happiness. Much of the disease, and misery
+with which the world is afflicted is the direct result of the
+misconduct of the individuals themselves; but no little of it is
+attributable to their parents, who have neglected or violated God's
+laws of health, their misconduct thus affecting their descendants to
+the "third and fourth generation." I cannot, therefore, too much
+impress upon you the importance of your honestly trying to find out
+any bad habits to which you are inclined, with a view to getting rid
+of them, one by one, and supplying their place by good habits. By
+pursuing this course you will not only do much for your own happiness,
+but also for that of your children, if God should bless you with a
+family. Children, you know, are often striking likenesses of their
+parents, and in their minds and habits they likewise often resemble
+them. You should strive, then, to be good--not from mere self-love and
+that you may get to heaven, but because your duty to others requires
+it.
+
+Earl Granville, when laying the foundation-stone of the Alexandria
+Orphanage, in England, thus expressed himself in reference to the
+great value of children: "Few will deny that a child is 'an
+inestimable loan,' as it has been called, or refuse to acknowledge,
+with one of our greatest poets, that the world would be a somewhat
+melancholy one if there were no children to gladden it." Children,
+more than any other earthly thing, equalize the conditions of
+society--to rich and poor they bring an interest, a pleasure, and an
+elevation which nothing else that is earthly does.
+
+Now, young people, before they think of engaging themselves, should
+clearly know each other's peculiar views of religion; because if they
+differ seriously on this point there is danger of it interfering with
+that full confidence which is so essential to happiness.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IV.
+
+                          LOVE AND MARRIAGE.
+
+
+The attraction of the sexes for each other, though based upon the dual
+principle of generation which pervades the living world and which has
+its analogies in the attractive forces of matter, yet pervades the
+whole being.
+
+
+                          LOVE IS NOT MERELY
+
+the instinctive desire of physical union, which has for its object the
+continuation of the species--it belongs to the mind as well as to the
+body. It warms, invigorates, and elevates every sentiment, every
+feeling; and in its highest, purest, most diffusive form unites us to
+God and all creatures in Him.
+
+
+                              ALL LOVE IS
+
+essentially the same, but modified according to its objects and by the
+character of the one who loves. The love of children for their
+parents, of parents for offspring, brotherly and sisterly love, the
+love of friendship, of charity, and the fervor of religious love, are
+modifications of the same sentiment--the attraction that draws us to
+our kindred, our kind; that binds together all races and humanity
+itself, resting on the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man.
+It is but natural that this love should vary in degrees. Attractions
+are proportional to proximity. Family is nearer than country; we
+prefer our own nation to the rest of the race.
+
+Each individual has, also, his own special attractions and repulsions.
+There is love at first sight and friendship at first sight. We feel
+some persons pleasant to us; to be near them is a delight. Generally
+such feelings are mutual--like flows to like, or as often, perhaps,
+differences fit into each other. We seek sympathy with our own tastes
+and habits, or we find in others what we lack. Thus the weak rest upon
+the strong, the timid are fond of the courageous, the reckless seek
+guidance of the prudent, and so on. The sentiment of
+
+
+                       LOVE FOR THE OPPOSITE SEX
+
+--tender, romantic, passionate--begins very early in life. Fathers and
+daughters, mothers and sons, have a special fondness for each other,
+as, also, have brothers and sisters; but the boy soon comes to admire
+someone, generally older than himself, who is not a relation. Very
+little girls find a hero in some friend of an elder brother.
+
+
+                         FONDNESS FOR COUSINS
+
+generally comes more from opportunity than natural attraction, though
+a cousin may have very little appearance of family relation. The law
+appears to be that free choice seeks the diverse and distant. A
+stranger has always a better chance with the young ladies of any
+district than the young men with whom they have always been
+acquainted. Savages seek their wives out of their own tribe.
+
+It is my belief that naturally (I mean in a state of pure and
+unperverted nature, but developed cultivated, and refined by
+education) every man loves womanhood itself, and all women so far as
+they approximate to his ideal; and that in the same way every woman
+loves manhood, and is attracted and charmed by all its gentle, noble,
+and heroic manifestations. By such a man, every woman he meets is
+reverenced as a mother, sister, daughter, or, it may be, cherished in
+a more tender relation, which should be at first, and may always
+remain, free from any sensual desire. Such love may have many objects,
+each attracting the kind and degree of affection which it is able to
+inspire. Such love of men for women, and women for men, may be free
+and will be free just in the degree in which it is freed from the
+bondage of sensual passion.
+
+
+                    SUCH LOVE HAS A DIRECT TENDENCY
+
+to raise men above the control of their senses. The more of such love
+one has and the more it is diffused, the less the liability to sink
+into the lower and disorderly loves of the sensual life.
+
+The idea that every attraction, every attachment, every love between
+the sexes must lead to marriage--that no love can be tolerated but
+with that end in view--is a very false and mischievous one. It
+deprives men and women of the strength and happiness they might have
+in pure friendships and pure loves, and it leads to a multitude of
+false and bad marriages. Two persons are drawn together by strong
+attractions and tender sentiments for each other who have no more
+right to be married than if they were brother and sister, but who have
+the same right to love each other. But their true sentiments for each
+other, and consequent relation to each other, are not understood by
+those around them and perhaps not by themselves. They are urged by the
+misapprehension of others, by their expectation, by ignorant gossip,
+by the prejudice of society, based upon low and sensual estimates of
+life, to marry; they find that they must either marry or lose the
+happiness they have in each other's society, and they make the
+irrevocable mistake.
+
+When it is understood that there are
+
+
+                              OTHER LOVES
+
+than that of marriage; when the special attraction that justifies
+union for life, and the begetting of offspring, is discriminated from
+all the other attractions that may bring two souls into very near and
+tender relations to each other, there will be more happiness in the
+world and fewer incomplete, imperfect, and, therefore, more or less
+unhappy, marriages. Nothing can be more detestable than that playing
+with fire which goes by the name of
+
+
+                              FLIRTATION;
+
+but there are men and women who have the happiness of living and of
+being tenderly and devotedly loved by persons of the opposite
+sex--loved purely, nobly, happily--without injury and with great good.
+When such loves are accompanied by perfect trust in the goodness,
+purity, truth, and honor of the beloved, there can be no jealousy, no
+desire for selfish absorption, no fear of deprivation of any right.
+There is no reason why a husband or a wife should limit the range of
+pure and spiritual affection to near relatives.
+
+
+                         THE MAN WHO CAN LOVE
+
+a sister as sisters are often loved, may love in the same way, or as
+purely, any woman who might be his sister. As men and women learn to
+purify their lives, the world will grow more tolerant and love will
+become more universal. The tender and fervent exhortations to mutual
+love to be found in the Gospels and Epistles of the New Testament are
+now almost without a meaning. But they had a meaning to those to whom
+they were addressed, and when we are better Christians, and bring our
+lives to the purity of Christian morality, they will have a meaning to
+us and we shall learn that, in a sense we have not dreamed of, God is
+Love.
+
+
+         IN THE HUMAN RACE ALL CIRCUMSTANCES POINT TO MONOGAMY
+
+as the lawful or natural condition. Males and females are born in
+almost equal numbers. If there are two or three per cent. more of
+males than females, the risks of life with males soon make the number
+even. Therefore, as a rule, no man can have more than one wife without
+robbing his neighbor.
+
+_Polygamy_ is therefore a manifest injustice, and may become the most
+grievous of all monopolies.
+
+Children are the most helpless of all young creatures and require the
+care of parents for the longest period. The care of a husband for his
+wife, and of a father for his child, is an evident necessity. The
+proper care and education of a single child should extend over at
+least fifteen years, and that of a family may reach to thirty years,
+or throughout the greatest part of an ordinary life. During all
+periods of pregnancy, childbearing, nursing, and the education and
+care of a family, every woman has a right to the sympathy, sustaining
+love, and constant aid of her husband. No man has a right to desert or
+leave helpless, or even dependent upon others, except in extraordinary
+cases, the mother of his children.
+
+Marriage, like celibacy, should be a matter of vocation.
+
+
+                    THE SPECIAL OBJECT OF MARRIAGE
+
+is to have children; the co-operating motive is that two persons drawn
+to each other by a mutual affection may live helpfully and happily
+together. A selfish marriage, for its merely animal gratifications--a
+marriage in which strength, health, usefulness, often life itself, are
+sacrificed to sensuality and lust--is a desecration of a holy
+institution, and somewhat worse in its consequences than promiscuous
+profligacy, for the consequences of that may not fall upon one's
+children and posterity.
+
+There are many persons who have no right to marry. There should be a
+kind and amount of love that will justify and sanctify such a
+relation. There should be a pure motive and the fixed intention of
+making the relation what it ought to be to husband, wife, and
+children. There should be a reasonable assurance of the power to
+provide for a family. There should be that amount of health, that
+freedom from bodily and mental disease, that physical and moral
+constitution which will give a reasonable prospect of children whose
+lives will be a blessing to themselves and to society.
+
+When there is deformity of body, or an unhappy peculiarity of temper
+or mind liable to be inherited, people should not marry, or if they
+live together, should resign the uses of marriage. People should
+conscientiously refrain from propagating hereditary diseases. Persons
+near of kin are wisely forbidden to marry, for there is in such cases
+the liability of imperfect generation--the production of blind, deaf,
+idiotic or insane offspring.
+
+
+                     SHOULD MARRIAGE BE FOR LIFE?
+
+As a rule, undoubtedly. Every real, proper, true marriage must be. It
+takes a lifetime for a husband and wife to make a home and rear and
+educate and provide for a family of children. But what if people make
+mistakes and find that they are not suitably married? These are
+mistakes very difficult to remedy. If a man, after deliberately making
+his choice of a woman, ceases to love her, how can he honorably
+withdraw from his relation to her, and enter upon another,
+
+
+                       WHEN SHE STILL LOVES HIM,
+
+and is ready to fulfill her part of the contract? Laws cannot very
+well provide for mistakes. If the distaste for each other be mutual,
+and both parties desire to separate, a separation may of course be
+permitted; but it is a serious question whether two such persons can
+go into the world and find new partners, with justice to the rest. The
+law which permits of no divorce certainly bears hard upon individual
+cases; but if it leads to greater seriousness and care in forming such
+relations, it may be, on the whole, the best thing for society that it
+should be strictly observed.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER V.
+
+                 WHEN TO MARRY--HOW TO SELECT A PARTNER
+                         ON RIGHT PRINCIPLES.
+
+
+The proper age to marry is a somewhat vexed question, but needlessly
+so, because that age varies much, according to temperament and other
+circumstances relating to the individual. Although after puberty the
+sexual organs are capable of reproduction, yet it by no means follows
+that they should be used for that purpose. Their early activity is
+intended for the perfection of the body and mind, and not for the
+continuation of the species.
+
+
+                         VERY EARLY MARRIAGE,
+
+therefore, should be avoided, because the nervous force expended in
+amative indulgence is imperatively required in both sexes for
+developing the physical and mental faculties. The zoosperms produced
+by the male in the first years of puberty are inferior in power and
+less capable of producing healthy offspring than those of mature
+years. The early germs, also, of the female are less fitted for
+fecundation than those that appear later in life; nature evidently
+intending these early efforts to be used on the individuals themselves
+in building up their bodies, strengthening their minds, and preparing
+them to reproduce their species in maturer years. There is a serious
+day of reckoning for early indulgence; for precocious persons (unless
+their constitutions are as powerful as their desires) who give way to
+their passions at their first exactions, barter their youth for their
+enjoyment, and are old and weary of the world at an age when people of
+more moderate habits are only in the meridian of pleasure and
+existence.
+
+
+                   GENERALLY THE BEST AGE TO MARRY,
+
+where the health is perfect, is from twenty-one to twenty-five in the
+male and from eighteen to twenty-one in the female. As a general rule,
+marriages earlier than this are injurious and detrimental to health.
+Men who marry too young, unless they are of cold and phlegmatic
+constitution, and thus moderate in their conduct, become partially
+bald, dim of sight, and lose all elasticity of limb in a few years;
+while women in a like position rarely have any bloom on their cheek or
+fire in their eye by the time they are twenty-five. And all profound
+physiologists agree that from the same cause the mental faculties
+suffer in the same ratio.
+
+A medium, however, is to be observed. It is not well to defer till
+middle age the period of connubial intercourse; for too tedious
+spinsterhood is as much calculated to hasten the decay of beauty as
+too early a marriage. Hence, there is rarely any freshness to be seen
+in a maiden of thirty; while the matron of that age, if her life has
+been a happy one, and her hymeneal condition of not more than ten
+years' standing, is scarcely in the heyday of her charm's. And the
+same rule will apply with equal force to the other sex; for, after the
+first prime of life, bachelors decay and grow old much faster than
+married men.
+
+The rich are qualified for marriage before the poor. This is owing to
+the superiority of their aliment; for very nutritious food, and the
+constant use of wines, coffee, etc., greatly assists in developing the
+organs of reproduction; whereas the food generally made use of among
+the peasantry of most countries--as vegetables, corn, milk,
+etc.--retards their growth. Owing to this difference of diet, the
+daughter of a man of wealth, who keeps a good table, will be as
+adequate to certain duties of married life at eighteen as the daughter
+of a humble peasant at twenty-one. Singular as it may seem, it is none
+the less true, that love novels, amorous conversations, playing parlor
+games for kisses, voluptuous pictures, waltzing, and, in fact, all
+things having a tendency to create desire, assist in promoting puberty
+and preparing young persons for early marriage. Those who reach this
+estate, however, by artificial means and much before the natural
+period will have to suffer for it in after life.
+
+The female who marries before the completion of her womanhood--that
+is, before her puberty is established--will cease to grow and probably
+become pale and delicate, the more especially if she become pregnant
+soon after marriage. A person who is thus circumstanced will also be
+liable to abortions and painful deliveries.
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE, UNLESS
+
+under very peculiar circumstances, should not take place until two or
+three years after the age of puberty. Many instances could be cited of
+the injurious effects resulting from not observing this rule. The case
+of the son of Napoleon I. is a notable instance, who, at the age of
+fifteen or sixteen, began his career of sexual indulgence, which ended
+his life at the early age of twenty-one years. He was an amiable,
+inoffensive, and studious youth, beloved by his grandfather and the
+whole Austrian court; and though the son of the most energetic man
+that modern times has produced, yet, from his effeminate life, he
+scarcely attracted the least public attention.
+
+Let me, therefore, advise the male reader to keep his desires in
+leading-strings until he is at least twenty-one, and the female not to
+enter the pale of wedlock until she is past her eighteenth year; but
+after these periods marriage is their proper sphere of action, and one
+in which they must play a part or suffer actual pain as well as the
+loss of one of the greatest of earthly pleasures.
+
+
+                       MARRIAGES ARE MOST HAPPY
+
+and most productive of handsome and healthy offspring when the husband
+and wife differ, not only in mental conformation, but in bodily
+construction. A melancholy man should mate himself with a sprightly
+woman, and _vice versa_; for otherwise they will soon grow weary of
+the monotony of each other's company. By the same rule should the
+choleric and the patient be united, and the ambitious and the humble;
+for the opposites of their natures not only produce pleasurable
+excitement, but each keeps the other in a wholesome check. In the size
+and form of the parties the same principles hold good. Tall women are
+not the ideals of beauty to tall men; and if they marry such, they
+will soon begin to imagine greater perfections in other forms than in
+those of their own wives. And this is well ordered by nature to
+prevent the disagreeable results which are almost certain to grow out
+of unions where the parties have a strong resemblance.
+
+For instance, tall parents will probably have children taller than
+either, and mental imbecility is the usual attendant of extreme size.
+The union of persons prone to corpulency, of dwarfs, etc., would have
+parallel results; and so, likewise, of weakly and attenuated couples.
+The tall should marry the short, the corpulent the lean, the choleric
+the gentle, and so on, and the tendency to extremes in the parents
+will be corrected in the offspring.
+
+Apart from these considerations, there are reasons why persons of the
+same disposition should not be united and wedlock. An amiable wife to
+a choleric man is like oil to troubled waters; an ill-tempered one
+will make his life a misery and his home a hell. The man of studious
+habits should marry a woman of sense and spirit rather than of
+erudition, or the union will increase the monotony of his existence,
+which it would be well for his health and spirits to correct by a
+little conjugal excitement; and the man of gloomy temperament will
+find the greatest relief from the dark forebodings of his mind in the
+society of a gentle, but lively and smiling partner.
+
+However, in some particulars the dispositions and constructions of
+
+
+                    MARRIED PEOPLE MUST ASSIMILATE
+
+or they will have but few enjoyments in common. The man of full habits
+and warm nature had better remain single than unite his destinies with
+a woman whose heart repulses the soft advancements of love; and the
+sanguine female in whose soul love is the dominant principle should
+avoid marriage with a very phlegmatic person, or her caresses, instead
+of being returned in kind, will rather excite feelings of disgust.
+Thus the discriminations to be made in the choice of a partner are
+extremely nice.
+
+Nature generally assists art in the choice of partners. We
+instinctively seek in the object of our desires the qualities which we
+do not possess ourselves. This is a most admirable arrangement of
+Providence, as it establishes an equilibrium and prevents people from
+tending to extremes; for it is known that unions of dwarfs are
+fruitful of dwarfs, that giants proceed from the embrace of giants,
+and that offspring of parents alike irritable, alike passive, alike
+bashful, etc., inherit the prominent qualities of both to such a
+degree as to seriously interfere with their prospects in the world.
+
+It has another advantage. Through its means "Every eye forms its own
+beauty"; hence, what one person rejects is the _beau ideal_ of
+another's conceptions, and thus we are all provided for.
+
+In fine, with man as with animals, the best way to improve the breed
+is to cross it, for the intermarriage of like with like and relative
+with relative not only causes man to degenerate, but if the system
+became universal would in time bring the human race to a termination
+altogether.
+
+A male or female with a very low forehead should carefully avoid
+marriage with a person of like conformation, or their offspring will,
+in all probability, be weak-minded or victims to partial idiocy.
+
+The system of crossing is so perfect that marriages between persons of
+different countries are likely to be pleasant and fruitful. Speaking
+on this subject, an English writer says: "The Persians have been so
+improved by introducing foreigners that they have completely succeeded
+in washing out their Mongolian origin." And the same author adds to
+the effect that in those parts of Persia where there is no foreign
+intercourse the inhabitants are sickly and stunted, while in those
+that are frequented by strangers they are large and healthy.
+
+To make what is called
+
+
+                         "A HANDSOME COUPLE,"
+
+the female should be about three inches less than the male, and the
+parties should be proportionately developed throughout their system.
+
+
+                        "A WELL-FORMED WOMAN,"
+
+says a modern physiologist, "should have her head, shoulders, and
+chest small and compact; arms and limbs relatively short; her
+haunches apart; her hips elevated; her abdomen large and her thighs
+voluminous. Hence, she should taper from the center, up and down.
+Whereas, in a well-formed man the shoulders are more prominent than
+the hips. Great hollowness of the back, the pressing of the thigh
+against each other in walking, and the elevation of one hip above the
+other, are indications of the malformation of the pelvis."
+
+From the same writer I take the following, which is applicable here.
+It is very correct in its estimates of beauty in both sexes:--
+
+"The length of the neck should be proportionately less in the male
+than in the female, because the dependence of the mental system on the
+vital one is naturally connected with the shorter courses of the
+vessels of the neck.
+
+"The neck should form a gradual transition between the body and
+head--its fullness concealing all prominences of the throat.
+
+"The shoulders should slope from the lower part of the neck, because
+the reverse shows that the upper part of the chest owes its width to
+the bones and muscles of the shoulders.
+
+"The upper part of the chest should be relatively short and wide,
+independent of the size of the shoulders, for this shows the vital
+organs which it contains are sufficiently developed.
+
+"The waist should taper a little farther than the middle of the trunk,
+and be marked, especially in the back and loins, by the approximation
+of the hips.
+
+"The waist should be narrower than the upper part of the trunk and its
+muscles, because the reverse indicates the expansion of the stomach,
+liver, and great intestine, resulting from their excessive use.
+
+"The back of woman should be more hollow than that of man; for
+otherwise the pelvis is not of sufficient depth for parturition.
+
+"Women should have more extended loins than men, at the expense of the
+superior and inferior parts, for this conformation is essential to
+gestation.
+
+"The abdomen should be larger in woman than in man, for the same
+reason.
+
+"Over all these parts the cellular tissue, and the plumpness connected
+with it, should obliterate all distinct projection of muscles.
+
+"The surface of the whole female form should be characterized by its
+softness, elasticity, smoothness, delicacy, and polish, and by the
+gradual and easy transition between the parts.
+
+"The moderate plumpness already described should bestow on the organs
+of woman great suppleness. Plumpness is essential to beauty,
+especially in mothers, because in them the abdomen necessarily
+expands, and would afterwards collapse and become wrinkled.
+
+"An excess of plumpness, however, is to be guarded against. Young
+women who are very fat are cold and prone to barrenness.
+
+"In no case should plumpness be so predominant as to destroy the
+distinctness of parts."
+
+A male and female formed on the above models would be well matched and
+have fine children.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER VI.
+
+                    SEXUAL INTERCOURSE--ITS LAWS AND
+                     CONDITIONS--ITS USE AND ABUSE.
+
+
+There is an increasing and alarming prevalence of nervous ailments and
+complicated disorders that could be traced to have their sole origin
+from this source. Hypochondria, in its various phases, results from
+the premature and unnatural waste of the seminal fluid. Then speedily
+ensues a lack of natural heat, a deficiency of vital power, and
+consequently indigestion, melancholy, languor, and dejection ensue;
+the victim becomes enervated and spiritless, loses the very attributes
+of man, and premature old age soon follows.
+
+
+                        IT IS A PREVALENT ERROR
+
+that it is necessary for the semen to be ejected at certain times from
+the body; that its retention is incompatible with sound health and
+vigor of body and mind. This is a very fallacious idea. The seminal
+fluid is too precious--nature bestows too much care in its elaboration
+for it to be wasted in this unproductive manner. It is intended, when
+not used for the purpose of procreation, to be reabsorbed again into
+the system, giving vigor of body, elasticity and strength to the mind,
+making the individual strong, active, and self-reliant. When kept as
+nature intended, it is a perpetual fountain of life and energy--a
+vital force which acts in every direction, a motive power which
+infuses manhood into every organ of the brain and every fiber of the
+body.
+
+
+                      THE LAW OF SEXUAL MORALITY
+
+for childhood is one of utter negation of sex. Every child should be
+kept pure and free from amative excitement and the least amative
+indulgence, which is unnatural and doubly hurtful. No language is
+strong enough to express the evils of amative excitement and unnatural
+indulgence before the age of puberty; and the dangers are so great
+that I see no way so safe as
+
+
+                         THOROUGH INSTRUCTION
+
+regarding them at the earliest age. A child may be taught, simply as a
+matter of science, as one learns botany, all that is needful to know,
+and such knowledge may protect it from the most terrible evils.
+
+The law for childhood is perfect purity, which cannot be too carefully
+guarded and protected by parents, teachers, and all caretakers. The
+law for youth is perfect continence--a pure vestalate alike in both
+sexes. No indulgence is required by one more than the other--for both
+nature has made the same provision. The natures of both are alike, and
+any--the least--exercise of the amative function is an injury to one
+as to the other.
+
+
+                              MEN EXPECT
+
+that women shall come to them in marriage chaste and pure from the
+least defilement. Women have a right to expect the same of their
+husbands. Here the sexes are upon a perfect equality.
+
+On this subject, Dr. Carpenter (physiological works) has written like
+a man of true science, and, therefore, of true morality. He lays it
+down as an axiom that _the development of the individual and the
+reproduction of the species stand in an inverse ratio to each other_.
+He says: "The augmented development of the generative organs at
+puberty can only be rightly regarded as _preparatory_ to the exercise
+of the organs. The development of the _individual_ must be completed
+before the procreative power can properly be exercised for the
+continuance of the race." And in the following extract from his
+"Principles of Human Physiology," he confirms my statement respecting
+the unscientific and libertine advice of too many physicians: "The
+author would say to those of his younger readers who urge the wants of
+nature as an excuse for the illicit gratification of the sexual
+passions, 'try the effects of _close mental application_ to some of
+those ennobling pursuits to which your profession introduces you, in
+combination with _vigorous bodily exercise_, before you assert that
+appetite is unrestrainable and act upon that assertion.' Nothing tends
+so much to increase the desire as the continual direction of the mind
+toward the objects of its gratification, whilst nothing so effectually
+represses it as a determined exercise of the mental faculties upon
+other objects and the expenditure of nervous energy in other channels.
+Some works which have issued from the medical press contain much that
+is calculated to excite, rather than to repress, the propensity; and
+the advice sometimes given by practitioners to their patients is
+immoral as well as unscientific."
+
+
+                      EVERY MAN AND EVERY WOMAN,
+
+living simply, purely, and temperately--respecting the laws of health
+in regard to air, food, dress, exercise, and habits of life--not only
+can live in the continence of a pure virgin life when single, and in
+the chastity which should be observed by all married partners, but be
+stronger, happier, and in every way better by so living.
+
+Chastity is the conservation of life, and the consecration of its
+forces to the highest use. Sensuality is the waste of life, and the
+degradation of its forces to pleasure divorced from use. Chastity is
+life; sensuality is death.
+
+
+                  FROM THE AGE OF PUBERTY TO MARRIAGE
+
+the law, is the same for both sexes--full employment of mind and body,
+temperance, purity, and perfect chastity in thought, word, and deed.
+The law is one of perfect equality. There is no license for the male
+which is not equally the right of the female. There is no
+physiological ground for any indulgence in one case more than in the
+other. No man has any more right to require or expect purity in the
+woman who is to be his wife than the woman has to require and expect
+purity in her husband. It is a simple matter of justice and right. No
+man can enter upon an amative relation with a woman, except in
+marriage, without manifest injustice to his future wife, unless he
+allow her the same liberty; and also without a great wrong to the
+woman, and to her possible husband.
+
+It is contended that the sins of men against chastity are more venial
+than those of women, because of the liability of women to have
+children. But men are also liable to be the fathers of children, who
+are deeply wronged by the absence of paternal care. The child has its
+rights, and every child has the right to be born in honest,
+respectable wedlock, of parents able to give it a sound constitution
+and the nurture and education it requires. The child who lacks these
+conditions is grievously wronged by both father and mother.
+
+
+                          THE LAW OF MARRIAGE
+
+is, that a mature man and woman, with sound health, pure lives, and a
+reasonable prospect of comfortably educating a family, when drawn to
+each other by the attraction of mutual love, should chastely and
+temperately unite for offspring. The sexual relation has this chief
+and controlling purpose. The law of nature is intercourse for
+reproduction. Under the Christian law, marriage is the symbol of the
+union of Christ with the Church; husband and wife are one in the Lord;
+they are to live in marriage chastity, not in lust and uncleanness;
+and there cannot be a more hideous violation of Christian morals than
+for a husband to vent his sensuality upon a feeble wife; against her
+wishes and when she has no desire for offspring and no power to give
+them the healthy constitutions and maternal care which is their right.
+
+The law of Christian morality is very clear. It is the sexual union
+first and chiefly for its principal object. It is for the husband to
+refrain from it whenever it is not desired; whenever it would be
+hurtful to either; whenever it would be a waste of life; whenever it
+would injure mother or child, as during pregnancy and lactation.
+
+
+                     A MAN WHO TRULY LOVES A WOMAN
+
+must respect and reverence her, and cannot make her the victim of his
+inordinate and unbridled, selfish and sensual nature. He will be ever,
+from the first moment of joyful possession to the last of his life,
+tender, delicate, considerate, deferent, yielding to her slightest
+wishes in the domain of love, and never encroaching, never trespassing
+upon, never victimizing the wife of his bosom and the mother of his
+babes. We have romance before marriage, we want more chivalry in
+marriage.
+
+This is not the world's morality, yet it seems to one the world must
+respect it. This, high and pure Christian morality is not always
+enforced by Christian ministers, some of whom yield too much to human
+sensuality and depravity, instead of maintaining the higher law of
+Christian purity, which is but nature restored or freed from its
+stains of sin. The world requires that unmarried women should be
+chaste, while it gives almost unbridled license to men. A girl
+detected in amours is disgraced and often made an outcast. In young
+men such irregularities are freely tolerated. They are "a little
+wild"; they "sow their wild oats"; but open profligacy, the seduction
+of innocence, the ruin of poor girls, adultery, harlotry and its
+diseases do not hinder men from marrying, nor from requiring that
+those they marry should have spotless reputations. It is not for a
+moment permitted that women in these matters should behave like men,
+and a pure girl is given to the arms of a wasted debauchee, and her
+babes are perhaps born dead, or suffer through life with syphilitic
+diseases, while she endures a long martyrdom from disordered,
+diseased, and unrestrained sensuality. For the unmarried, young men,
+soldiers, sailors, and all who do not choose to bear the burdens of a
+family, society has its armies of prostitutes--women like others, and
+more than others, or in less reputable fashion, the victims of the
+unbridled lust of men. They are everywhere tolerated as
+
+
+                          "NECESSARY EVILS,"
+
+and, in some places, protected or regulated; and, from economical or
+philanthropic considerations, or both, combined efforts are made to
+free them from the contagious diseases which for some centuries have
+been a curse attending this form of the violation of the laws of
+nature--one of the consequences of lust which is the divorce of the
+sexual instinct from its natural use and purpose.
+
+The Christian
+
+
+                           LAW OF MARRIAGE,
+
+as set down in the Holy Scriptures, and defined by the best writers on
+moral theology, is in harmony with nature, in consonance with the
+higher nature of man. "God hath set the earth in families." Adultery
+is a sin, because it disorders that divine arrangement. Fornication is
+a sin, because it prevents pure marriages. Prostitution is a sin,
+because it is a sacrifice of women, who might be wives and mothers, to
+the selfish lusts of men. All useless indulgence is a waste of life,
+and a kind of suicide. In a pure marriage union, men and women unite
+themselves with God in acts of creative power. The progress of
+humanity depends upon individual development and the conditions at
+generation and gestation. With culture and a harmonized development,
+we acquire a higher and more integral life. When two parents are in
+their highest condition and in
+
+
+                             A TRUE UNION
+
+with each other, the child combines the best qualities of both
+parents. When parents are not in the unity of a mutual love, the child
+may be inferior to either parent. The intensity of mutual love tends
+to the reproduction of the best faculties of both parents in the
+child. When men or women are exhausted or diseased the race
+deteriorates. Health is therefore one of the conditions of progress.
+
+"It is all very fine," I shall be told, "to talk of purity and
+chastity; but we must take men as they are. How are you going to make
+men pure and chaste, and respectful of the purity of women? How can
+you get men with strong amative propensities to live like anchorites?"
+
+How can you get men to do anything right, or refrain from any wrong
+thing? There are three motives--fear of punishment, hope of reward,
+and sense of right or the principle of duty. The first of these is the
+lowest, but often the most effectual; the second is higher, and
+appeals to hope and the love of happiness; the third, the highest of
+all motives, pure and unselfish as the love of truth, as in
+mathematics, acts on noble minds with great power. Men of real
+conscientiousness love the right for its own sake. They are just from
+love of justice; pure from a sense and love of purity. They love good,
+and God as the source of all good; and do right, not from fear or
+hope, but from pure love.
+
+We must appeal to all motives. Men refrain from theft and other
+dishonest conduct from the dread of disgrace and punishment, because
+they see that "honesty is the best policy," and from a sense of
+justice and regard to the rights of property, or a sense of honor
+which makes a mean action impossible. By similar motives great numbers
+are restrained from drunkenness and other vices. Children are to be
+restrained from impurity by the fear of the terrible consequences of
+unnatural indulgence in causing disease and pain, by the hope of a
+pure, healthy and happy life of love in manhood and womanhood, and by
+a sense of the beauty and holiness of chastity and the sacredness of
+the functions by which the race is recreated and preserved. The
+religious feelings that our bodies are to be kept pure, healthy, and
+holy in every way as the temples of the Holy Ghost cannot be too early
+instilled into the infant mind, which is open to the highest
+sentiments of veneration, devotion, and heroic religion. In youth
+there are the same motives. Indulgence in solitary vice is
+self-destructive of all that youth most values--a profanation of his
+own body.
+
+
+                               SEDUCTION
+
+is a desecration of what he should hold in the most tender reverence.
+To the young man, womanhood should be sacred, and every woman, mother,
+sister, beloved of the present or the future, should never be wronged
+by one thought of impurity. In this matter instinct goes with right.
+The inward voice supports the outer law of morality. Before men can
+become bad, their instinctive modesty must be broken down. Unless very
+badly born, with disordered amativeness, hereditary from a diseased
+and lustful parentage, they must be perverted and corrupted before
+they can act immodestly and impurely.
+
+
+                          WOMEN ARE PROTECTED
+
+by a strong public sentiment around them. They have the dread of
+disgrace. For them to yield to their own affectionate desires, or the
+solicitations of a lover, is a fall, is ruin. They have the hope of a
+loving husband, a happy home, and the respect of society. And in woman
+passion has commonly less force, and the sentiment of modesty and
+purity more power. Women are weak in yielding to solicitation, giving
+
+
+                         EVERYTHING FOR LOVE;
+
+but we see how protective of female virtue are these motives to vast
+numbers.
+
+Men can perfectly restrain the sensual part of their natures whenever
+they have a strong motive to do so. A child would be simply mad who
+was not controlled by the presence of father, mother, and persons he
+respected or feared. Young men have no difficulty when they are in the
+company of pure women. They are in no trouble when their lives are
+full of mental and muscular activity, and particularly if their habits
+of eating simply and temperately, of refraining from heating and
+exciting stimulants, and sleeping in cold beds and fresh air, are such
+as health requires. There needs but the strong will to live purely in
+any one, and at any age, the will that comes from the high motives of
+conscience and religion, or all motives combined. A strong sense of
+what is just and right controls even the motions of our bodies and
+actions which seem to be involuntary. A man who has a vivid sense of
+the right and duty of refraining from sensuality, and preserving his
+own purity of mind and body and the chastity of all women, will do so
+even in his dreams. When the will is right, all things are soon
+brought into its subjection. The mind controls the organization, and
+the life forces are directed into other channels. A strong man, full
+of
+
+
+                            LIFE AND LOVE,
+
+can safely hold a virgin in his arms, and respect her virginity, if he
+have but the motives and the will to do so. If he be pure in his
+will, how can he commit impurity? If a woman be sacred in his eyes,
+how can he profane her? It is not that men have not the power of
+restraint, the power to do right; it is that they lack the motive.
+They have lost the sense of right; they are even impelled to do wrong
+by the pressure of opinion around them. Boys and young men are driven
+into libertinage by the ridicule of their companions. Vice is
+considered manly. They seek sensuality in an evil emulation, as they
+learn to smoke, or gamble, or drink; and, later on, vanity has often
+more to do with excess than the force of lust. Young men seduce girls
+that they may boast of it. They keep mistresses because it is the
+fashion. They exhaust themselves because they wish to give a high idea
+of their manly powers. Even in marriage, women are injured and have
+their health destroyed by yielding weakly, or from
+
+
+                        A FALSE SENSE OF DUTY,
+
+to a husband whose own motive is the desire to acquit himself manfully
+in what he considers his marital duties. Men and women are, in
+thousands of cases, wretched victims to what they imagine to be the
+wants or expectations of each other. A man, ignorant of the nature of
+women and the laws of the generative function, goes on in a process of
+miserable exhaustion, to please his wife. She submits, sometimes in
+pain, often in disgust, weariness, and weakness, to what she dare not,
+from
+
+
+                             LOVE OR FEAR,
+
+refuse. Men have to know what is right and to will to be right. This
+will is omnipotent. God helps those who have the will, who have even
+the desire, to do right.
+
+If the presence of those we fear or reverence, respect or love,
+restrain us from sin and stimulate us to right action, faith in the
+existence and presence of God and angels, and the spirits of the
+departed, must have a more powerful and pervading influence. No one
+who really believes in the existence of a Supreme Being, no one who is
+strongly impressed with the reality of a spiritual life, can go on
+doing what he knows to be wrong. A religious faith is therefore the
+most powerful of all restraints from evil and incitement to good.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VII.
+
+                               MARRIAGE.
+
+
+                           WHAT IS MARRIAGE?
+
+Marriage is in law the conjugal union of man with woman, and is the
+only state in which cohabitation is considered proper and
+irreprehensible. The marriage relation exists in all Christian
+communities, and is considered the most solemn of contracts, and,
+excepting in Protestant countries, it is regarded as a sacrament. In
+some countries its celebration falls under the cognizance of
+ecclesiastical courts only, but in the United States it is regarded as
+merely a civil contract, magistrates having, equally with clergymen,
+the right to solemnize it, though it is usually the practice to have
+it performed by a clergyman and attended with religious ceremonies.
+Marriage, as a legalized custom, is of very ancient origin. It is
+doubtful whether even the primitive man was not governed in the
+intercourse of the sexes by some recognition of the union being
+confined to one chosen one. No greater promiscuity can certainly be
+supposed than occurs in the lower animals, where pairing is the law.
+The nobler animals, as the lion, elephant, etc., never have but one
+mate, and even in case of death do not remate. As men advanced, civil
+codes were inaugurated and certain protection given to the choice of
+the parties. The earliest civil code regulating marriage, of which we
+have any account, was that of Menes, who, Herodotus tells us, was the
+first of the Pharaohs, or native Egyptian kings, and who lived about
+3,500 years before Christ. The nature of his code is not known.
+
+The Biblical account extends further back, but it does not appear that
+any laws existed regulating marriage, but each one was allowed to
+choose his wife and concubines, and it is supposed that common consent
+respected the selection. Next, Moses gave laws for the government of
+marriage among the Israelites. The early Greeks followed the code of
+Cecrops, and the Romans were also governed in their marital relations
+by stringent laws. In fact, the necessity of some law regulating the
+intercourse between the sexes must have become very apparent to all
+nations or communities at a very early period. It certainly antedates
+any legal regulations with regard to the possession of property. It is
+very probable that every community did by common consent afford to
+each male one or more females, and the presumption is that such choice
+or assignment, as the case may have been, was respected by common
+agreement as inviolable. It is doubtful if ever promiscuity was the
+law or privilege with any community of men, even in their primitive
+state. The possession of reason is antagonistic to such a belief; and
+man was most probably elevated above the beast by the faculty of
+reason in this respect as in others. Promiscuous indulgence is always
+evidence of debauchery, and a departure from that natural course which
+is prompted by an innate sense of propriety characterizing mankind.
+The law is very indefinite with regard to what constitutes a legal
+marriage. It is an unsettled question, both in England and this
+country, whether a marriage solemnized by customary formalities alone
+is legal, or if one characterized by the mere consent of the parties
+is illegal. The latter has been held as legal in some instances in
+both countries. Kent, in his "Commentaries," lays down the law that a
+contract made so that either party recognizes it from the moment of
+contract, and even not followed by cohabitation, amounts to a valid
+marriage, and also that a contract to be recognized at some future
+period, and followed by consummation, is equally valid. It is
+unfortunate that the law is so undecided in this respect. The
+decisions arrived at, for or against, were not dependent upon any
+recognized law, but seem to be influenced by the character of the
+cases, either for favor or discountenance. As long as the law
+recognizes cohabitation legal only in marriage, it seems to me that if
+consummated under consent of the parties to bear marital relations
+with each other, or promise of marriage, the act should be
+unhesitatingly pronounced as the equivalent of a valid marriage in all
+instances. If cohabitation is only a marital prerogative, the law
+should not stultify itself by recognizing it as possible to occur in
+any other relation. If either of the parties is married, the law
+defines it as adultery, and very properly defines the punishment. It
+is necessary to the progress of the age that some such principle
+should be recognized in common law so as not to subject the decision
+of the question to the individual opinion of any judge. It would at
+once obviate the confusion of sentiment now held in regard to it and
+besides arrest the decision in test cases from mere caprice of the
+tribunal. It is certainly as correct a principle as any in common law,
+and would, in its operations as a statute law, be free from injustice,
+and capable of doing much good.
+
+
+                         POLYGAMY--WHAT IT IS.
+
+Polygamy is a state in which a man has at the same time more than one
+wife. It has existed from time immemorial, especially among the
+nations of the East. The custom was tolerated by the laws of Moses,
+and, in fact, no positive injunction against it is found in the whole
+of the Old Testament. It is questionable whether more than one was
+recognized as the _bona fide_ wife, the others simply being wives by
+right of concubinage. But if polygamy was in its strictest sense the
+legal custom, it soon grew unpopular, for no trace of it is met in the
+records of the New Testament, where all the passages referring to
+marriage imply monogamy as alone lawful. The custom has been almost
+universal in the East, being sanctioned by all the religions existing
+there. The religion of Mohammed allows four wives, but the permission
+is rarely exercised except by the rich.
+
+In Christian countries polygamy was never tolerated, the tenets of the
+Church forbidding it, though Charlemagne had two wives, and Sigbert
+and Chilperich also had a plurality. John of Leyden, an Anabaptist
+leader, was the husband of seventeen wives, and he held that it was
+his moral right to marry as many as he chose.
+
+In England the punishment of polygamy was originally in the hands of
+the ecclesiastics. It was considered a capital crime by Edward I., but
+it did not come entirely under the control of the temporal power until
+a statute of James I. made it a felony, punishable by death. George
+III. made it punishable by imprisonment or transportation for seven
+years.
+
+It is the offspring of licentiousness, and its advocates merely wish
+to give legal color to licentious habits. Every student of history
+will find that as soon as a nation became morally depraved, polygamy
+was practiced, and that monogamy was the rule in all countries truly
+civilized.
+
+Polygamy has, of late years, been most shamefully revived and
+outrageously practiced in face of law by the Mormons. They claim it as
+a religious duty, and defend the system by claiming that unmarried
+women can in the future life reach only the position of angels who
+occupy in the Mormon theocratic system a very subordinate rank, being
+simply ministering servants to those more worthy, thus proclaiming
+that it is a virtual necessity of the male to practice the vilest
+immorality in order to advance the female to the highest place in
+heaven.
+
+Mormonism is a religion founded by Joseph Smith, who was born in
+Sharon, E. V., Dec. 23rd, 1805, and killed at Carthage, Ill., June
+27th, 1844.
+
+It is a most singular fact that a sect like the Mormons could have
+been established in a country peopled with such law-abiding people as
+of the United States, and maintain a system of marriage, antagonistic
+to the law and religion of the land. Neither could they have done so
+if they had not possessed two great virtues, temperance and industry.
+It is to be hoped that the legal process now instituted for its
+abolition will effectually remove the blot from the national
+escutcheon.
+
+The "Oneida Communists" are essentially polygamic, although they have
+no marriage system. They do not marry, and ignore all marriage codes.
+Cohabitation is under no restrictions between the sexes. Marriage is
+also not observed among the "Shakers."
+
+
+                         MONOGAMY--WHAT IT IS.
+
+This is the conjugal union of a male with one female only. We have
+seen that monogamy was coequal with civilization, and that most
+probably the majority of the males had but one wife, even among
+polygamic nations. Universal polygamy is practically impossible, the
+scarcity of females and the poverty of the males forbidding it. The
+excess of females is not so great in any country as to allow to each
+male more than one wife, except the male portion is depleted by long
+and disastrous wars. Monogamy has done more for the elevation of the
+female than any other custom of civilization. The rich could only
+afford to practice polygamy, and should the poor imitate the example
+it would necessarily subject the wives to a state of serfdom. In the
+economy of nature it is designed that the male should be the protector
+of the female, and that by his exertions the provision of food and
+raiment should be secured. In polygamous nations the female has not
+attained that social state that she has reached in countries where the
+male is entitled to but one female as his wife. Woman's highest sphere
+is not in the harem or zenana, but in that dignified state in which
+she is the sole connubial companion of but one man. It is debasing to
+her nature, and subversive of her dignity in the rank of humanity, to
+make her the equal only with others in the marital union with one
+male. She becomes only the true, noble and affectionate being when she
+is conscious of a superiority to others in the connubial companionship
+with her accepted one. The female bird chirps but for her single mate,
+and she is pugnaciously monogamic, as well as virtuous, allowing
+neither male or female at or near her home. The spirit of independence
+she gains by being the mate of but one male gains for her the victory
+over the intruders.
+
+The physical and mental welfare of the female is also dependent upon
+monogamic marriage. We have demonstrated that temperate indulgence is
+conducive to the sanitary condition of the sexes, and that absolute
+abstinence is opposed to the designs of nature. It is also evident
+that the male is not endowed with greater power, vigor or capacity
+than the female; therefore, confinement or limitation of the congress
+to the companionship of one male with one female, as in monogamic
+marriage, gives the healthy balance to the marital union. The
+polygamic husband must either suffer from the consequences of
+excessive indulgence or his wives from poverty of sexual
+gratification; probably both would be the case.
+
+
+                               POLYANDRY
+
+is equally as proper as polygamy, yet it never in the history of man
+obtained a foothold. The system is more logical than polygamy, because
+the wife's dependence would be distributed between two or more
+husbands, in which case she would be better insured against poverty
+and her support would be guaranteed by greater probability.
+
+We have now described the history and aspect of the two customs, and
+will conclude the subject by remarking that a man is morally and
+physically entitled to but one wife, and that a plurality is a great
+wrong to the female and in total opposition to the ordinance of
+nature. Wherever polygamy is the custom the female is held in slavish
+subjection. It only prospers in proportion to the ignorance of the
+sex. Intelligent and civilized woman will always rebel against such
+debasement and servitude.
+
+
+                           MARRIAGE CUSTOMS.
+
+It would probably be interesting to many to describe the marriage
+ceremonies observed by different nations, but to enter into a
+descriptive detail would occupy too much space. It is sufficient to
+say that while some wives are wooed and won, others are bought and
+sold; while in some countries the husband brings the wife to his home,
+in others, as in Formosa, the daughter brings her husband to her
+father's house, and he is considered one of the family, while the
+sons, upon marriage, leave the family forever. In civilized countries,
+the ceremonies are either ministerial or magisterial, and are more or
+less religious in character; while in others, less civilized, the
+gaining of a wife depends upon a foot-race, in which the female has
+the start of one-third the distance of the course, as is the custom
+in Lapland. In Caffraria, the lover must first fight himself into the
+affections of his ladylove, and if he defeats all his rivals she
+becomes his wife without further ceremony. Among the Congo tribes, a
+wife is taken upon trial for a year, and if not suited to the standard
+of taste of the husband, he returns her to her patents. In Persia, the
+wife's status depends upon her fruitfulness; if she be barren, she can
+be put aside. In the same country they have also permanent marriages
+and marriages for a certain period only--the latter never allowed to
+exceed ninety years.
+
+In fact, the marriage ceremonies differ in nearly all countries. To us
+some may appear very absurd, and yet our customs may be just as
+amazing to them. It matters but little how a conjugal union is
+effected so long as sanctioned by law or custom and it obligates the
+parties, by common opinion, to observe the duties pertaining to
+married life.
+
+
+                    THE BASIS OF A HAPPY MARRIAGE.
+
+The state of conjugal union should be the happiest in the whole of the
+existence of either man or woman, and is such in a congenial marriage.
+Yet in the history of very many marriages contentment or happiness is
+palpably absent and an almost insufferable misery is the heritage of
+both parties. It is therefore important that previous to the marital
+union the parties should take everything into consideration that
+fore-shadows happiness after marriage, as well as everything
+calculated to despoil conjugal felicity.
+
+The first requisite of congenial marriage is love. Without being
+cemented by this element the conjugal union is sure to be uncongenial.
+It is the strongest bond, the firmest cord, uniting two hearts
+inseparably together. Love for the opposite sex has always been a
+controlling influence with mankind. It is the most elevating of all
+the emotions and the purest and tenderest of all sentiments. It exerts
+a wonderful power, and by its influence the grandest human actions
+have been achieved. Of what infinite worth it is to either sex to be
+compensated with a worthy and satisfying love, and how ennobling to
+the impulses and actions it is to bestow the sentiment upon one worthy
+to receive and willing to return.
+
+
+                        LOVE IS THE MAINSPRING
+
+that regulates the harmony of conjugal life, and without it there is a
+void in the machinery, productive only of jars, convulsive movement,
+and a grating and inharmonious action. The soul yearns for love and
+to love, and unless the desire is compensated human life is a blank
+and becomes a purposeless existence. Love ever stimulates the good and
+suppresses the bad, if kept in a proper channel and guided by pure
+affections.
+
+Another requisite of a happy marriage is health. No person has a moral
+right to engage in wedlock who cannot bring to his partner the
+offering of good health.
+
+Another consideration is _evenness of temper_. In the wooing days
+everyone is a lamb, and only becomes the howling wolf after marriage.
+Circumstances that ruffle the temper in the presence of the intended
+are but like the harmless squib, but would become like the explosive
+torpedo in his or her absence or in after-marriage. Quarreling caused
+by matrimonial differences is the most frequent cause of infelicity,
+and most of it is caused by an innate irate temper of either husband
+or wife.
+
+The _tastes_ should not be dissimilar. Some of them may be
+unimportant, but others are a fruitful source of disagreement. The
+social wife will never be contented with the unsocial husband, and the
+gay husband, though his gayety may not be commendable, will always
+accuse his wife if she lacks a social disposition to a great extent.
+The religious wife will never excuse a tendency to irreligion in her
+husband, and though he may be far from being immoral, she is unhappy
+if he does not participate in her devotions. The one devoted to
+children will never be happy with one having a natural repugnance for
+them. In this way we might multiply facts illustrative of the
+importance of an investigation into the similarity of taste previous
+to marriage. Great love, however, overcomes almost every obstacle.
+
+
+               THE PARTIES SHOULD BE NEARLY OF ONE AGE.
+
+The husband should be the elder. The union of the old husband to the
+young wife, or the reverse, is seldom a happy one. It is seldom that
+such a marriage occurs in which the incentive is not the wealth of
+either of the parties.
+
+Marriages are usually contracted to gratify various desires, as love,
+fortune or position. The results are more truthfully stated by an
+eminent divine in the following:
+
+"Who marries for love, takes a wife; who marries for fortune, takes a
+mistress; who marries for position, takes a lady."
+
+To a man there is but one choice that he can rationally make, a
+marriage of love. My female readers, I hope, will decide rather to wed
+a husband than the master or the elegant gentleman.
+
+A little foresight, a little prudence, and a little caution will
+prevent in most cases the entrance into a marriage which, by the very
+nature of the alliance, is certain to be an unhappy and improper one.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER VIII.
+
+                     PREGNANCY--LABOR--PARTURITION.
+
+
+Perhaps there is no more eventful period in the history of woman than
+that in which she first becomes conscious that the existence of
+another being is dependent upon her own and that she carries about
+with her the first tiny rudiments of an immortal soul.
+
+
+                        THE SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
+
+are various. Many females are troubled with colic pains, creeping of
+the skin, shuddering, and fainting fits immediately on conception
+taking place. Where such symptoms occur immediately after connection,
+they are a certain indication of impregnation.
+
+
+                          A REMARKABLE CHANGE
+
+takes place in the face in most cases, varying in time from three days
+to three months. The eyes are dull and heavy, and present a glassy
+appearance; the nose pinched up; the skin becomes pale and livid, and
+the whole countenance appears as if five or ten years' advance in life
+had been taken at a single step.
+
+Another important and remarkable sign, and one the most to be relied
+on, is an increase in the size of the neck. This often occurs at a
+very early period, and many females, by keeping a careful daily
+measurement of the neck, can always tell when they are pregnant.
+
+A suppression of the menstrual flow is another strong presumptive
+sign. It is true a partial flow of the menses often occurs after
+pregnancy, from the lower part of the womb, but when the flow is
+suddenly stopped without any apparent cause, pregnancy is generally
+the predisposing cause.
+
+
+                         SOON AFTER CONCEPTION
+
+the stomach often becomes affected with what is called morning
+sickness. On first awaking, the female feels as well as usual, but on
+rising from her bed qualmishness begins and perhaps while in the act
+of dressing retching and vomiting takes place.
+
+This symptom may occur almost immediately after conception, but it
+most frequently commences for the first time between two and three
+weeks after. Now and then it is experienced only during the last six
+weeks or two months of pregnancy, and subsides about the time the
+movements of the child begin to be felt.
+
+
+                         CHANGES IN THE BREAST
+
+are generally considered as strong signs of pregnancy. When two months
+of pregnancy have been completed, an uneasy sensation of throbbing and
+stretching fullness is experienced, accompanied by tingling about the
+middle of the breasts, centering in the nipples. A sensible alteration
+in their appearance soon follows, they grow larger and more firm. The
+nipple becomes more prominent, and the circle around its base altered
+in color and structure, constituting what is called the areola, and as
+pregnancy advances milk is secreted.
+
+
+                       THE PERIOD OF GESTATION,
+
+at which these changes may occur, varies much in different females.
+Sometimes, with the exception of the secretion of the milk, they are
+recognized very soon after conception; in other instances,
+particularly in females of a weakly and delicate constitution, they
+are hardly perceptible until pregnancy is far advanced or even drawing
+toward its termination.
+
+The changes in the form and size of the breasts may be the result of
+causes unconnected with pregnancy. They may enlarge in consequence of
+marriage, from the individual becoming stout and fat or from
+accidental suppression of the monthly flow.
+
+The changes which take place in the nipple, and around its base, are
+of the utmost value as an evidence of pregnancy.
+
+
+                    ABOUT THE SIXTH OR SEVENTH WEEK
+
+after conception has taken place, if the nipple be examined it will be
+found becoming turgid and prominent, and a circle forming around its
+base, of a color deeper in its shade than rose or flesh color,
+slightly tinged with a yellowish or brownish hue, and here and there
+upon its surface will be seen little prominent points from about ten
+to twenty in number. In the progress of the next six or seven weeks
+these changes are fully developed, the nipple becoming more prominent
+and turgid than ever, the circle around it of larger dimensions, the
+skin being soft, bedewed with a slight degree of moisture, frequently
+staining the linen in contact with it; the little prominences of
+larger size, and the color of the whole very much deepened.
+
+Calculations of the
+
+
+                        DURATION OF PREGNANCY,
+
+founded upon what has been observed to occur after casual intercourse,
+or perhaps a single act, in individuals who can have no motive to tell
+us what is false, are likely to be correct. The conclusion drawn from
+these is, that labor usually, but not invariably, comes on about 280
+days after conception, a mature child being sometimes born before the
+expiration of the forty weeks, and at other times not until that time
+has been exceeded by several days. A case is on record where the
+pregnancy lasted 287 days. In this case the labor did not take place
+until that period had elapsed from the departure of the husband for
+the East Indies, consequently the period might have been longer than
+287 days.
+
+
+                   CHILDBIRTH IS A NATURAL PROCESS,
+
+and however complicated and painful habits or disease have made it,
+yet the work must be left to nature. Any efforts to assist or hurry
+matters will only end in harm. The only cases where interference is
+justifiable is where her powers are exhausted or some malformation
+exists or malpresentation occurs. When labor is about to commence, the
+womb descends into the bottom of the belly and the motions and weight
+of the child will be felt much lower down than usual. If in a natural
+position the head will fall to the mouth of the womb and press upon
+it. This drives forward the membranes which retain the water at the
+orifice, and at the proper moment they break and labor then commences.
+
+Labor is caused by involuntary contractions of the uterus and
+abdominal muscles. By their force the liquor amnii flows out, the head
+of the foetus is engaged in the pelvis, it goes through it, and soon
+passes out by the valve, the folds of which disappear. These different
+phenomena take place in succession and continue a certain time. They
+are accompanied with pains more or less severe, with swelling and
+softening of the soft parts of the pelvis and external genital parts,
+and with an abundant mucous secretion in the cavity of the vagina. All
+these circumstances, each in its own way, favor the passage of the
+foetus.
+
+It is proper here to remark that parturition is not necessarily either
+painful or dangerous. It is well known that women in an uncivilized
+state suffer very little pain or disablement in bringing forth
+children. Generally neither pregnancy nor labor interrupt the ordinary
+avocation of the mother, except for an hour or two at the birth
+itself. The suffering and debilitating influences that often attend
+childbirth now are caused by our unnatural modes of living and
+nonattention to the laws of health. Numerous well-authenticated
+instances are known where women who had previously suffered with
+severe labor in childbirth have, by attention to health and diet as
+here shown, been delivered of fine healthy children with comparative
+ease.
+
+From the
+
+
+                        BEGINNING OF PREGNANCY
+
+more than ordinary care should be used in taking regular exercise in
+the open air, being careful to avoid fatigue and overexertion. During
+the whole period of pregnancy every kind of agitating exercise, such
+as running, jumping, jolting in a carriage, and plunging in cold
+water, should be carefully avoided, as well as the passions being kept
+under perfect control.
+
+
+                               THE DIET
+
+must chiefly consist of fruits and farinaceous food, as sago, tapioca,
+rice, etc. In proportion as a woman subsists upon aliment which is
+free from earthy and bony matter will she avoid pain and danger in
+delivery; hence, the more ripe fruit, acid fruit in particular, and
+the less of other kinds of food, but particularly of bread or pastry
+of any kind, is consumed, the less will be the danger and sufferings
+of childbirth. Nearly all kinds of fruit possess two hundred times
+less ossifying principle than bread or anything else made of wheaten
+flour.
+
+Honey, molasses, sugar, butter, oil, vinegar, etc., when
+unadulterated, are entirely free from earthy matter. Common salt,
+pepper, coffee, cocoa, spices, and many drugs are much worse than
+wheaten flour in their hardening and bone-forming tendency, and should
+therefore be avoided. The drink should be tea or lemonade made with
+water, soft and clear, and, when practicable, distilled.
+
+No mother who has adopted this mode of living but has blessed the
+knowledge of it, and it has saved many a young mother from needless
+terror.
+
+In the third month of pregnancy, but not before, the belly begins to
+enlarge or swell, and gradually increases in size till the full term
+of pregnancy is completed. Between the sixteenth and twentieth week
+the womb rises up into the belly, and the motion of the child is felt,
+which is called
+
+
+                              QUICKENING.
+
+The first time a woman is with child this sensation of quickening is
+like that of a bird fluttering within her; at other times she feels a
+tickling or pushing sensation, or the child gives a kick or a jump,
+and this, too, with so much energy as to move the petticoats, a book,
+or any light article she may have in her lap.
+
+It is important to remember these symptoms, and the order in which
+they occur: first, cessation of the menses; second, morning sickness;
+third, swelling and darting pains in the breast, and dark color around
+the nipples; fourth, gradual enlargement of the abdomen or belly;
+fifth, the movement of the child.
+
+In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, if these symptoms are present
+the woman is pregnant. Pregnant women are generally affected with
+heartburn, sickness of a morning, headache, and that troublesome
+disease, toothache, which accompanies pregnancy; all of which may
+usually be avoided by keeping the bowels gently open with seidlitz
+powders, caster oil, or pills of rhubarb, which should be taken
+occasionally, either alone or in combination with colocynth and soap.
+A clyster made of warm soapsuds will often be sufficient if repeated
+every few days; or senna and manna; and if there is any aversion to
+taking medicine, give some simple articles, such as roasted apples,
+figs, prunes, or anything that will quiet the stomach and prevent
+costiveness of the bowels.
+
+
+                             THE TOOTHACHE
+
+often complained of by pregnant women, and which may occur at any
+period, is seldom relieved by extraction, having its seat in the
+adjacent nerves of the face or jaws, and is neuralgic. The teeth ought
+not to be drawn during pregnancy, unless urgently required, but should
+be relieved by applying hot fomentations to the face, as a camomile
+poultice. Rubbing the jaw externally with spirits of camphor or
+laudanum, or applying mustard plasters or blisters behind the ears,
+will afford relief.
+
+
+                     THE CRAMPS OF THE LEGS. ETC.,
+
+in pregnancy, caused by the pressure of the enlarged womb on the
+nerves, are often troublesome, but not attended with any danger, and
+may be speedily relieved by a change of posture, and friction, or
+rubbing with opodeldoc, spirits of camphor, or hot whisky and salt.
+Palpitation of the heart occurs frequently, and usually about the
+period of quickening. In general, it is the result of a disordered
+stomach and may be relieved by attention to diet and moderate doses of
+magnesia and Epsom salts, of equal quantities.
+
+
+                     THE PALPITATION OF THE HEART
+
+may be produced by a morbid state of the nerves, and is then termed
+hysterical. Attention in all such cases should be paid to the diet,
+air, exercise, etc., with the view of improving the strength, the
+bowels being kept open by mild means. All exciting or agitating
+subjects should be carefully avoided, and the mind of the pregnant
+woman kept calm and tranquil; for the mind, in the early stages of
+pregnancy, exercises the most powerful influence over the child
+through life; and how many peculiar traits of character have been
+indelibly fixed upon their offspring from these exciting causes is
+evident in many families.
+
+When the palpitation occurs from the state of the nerves, as before
+described, producing uncomfortable feelings, a teaspoonful of the
+tincture of castor or asafoetida, with an equal quantity of compound
+spirits of lavender, mixed in a little water, will seldom fail to
+afford relief, which may, if necessary, be repeated on its recurrence.
+
+
+                           MORNING SICKNESS
+
+is one of the most painful feelings attendant on the pregnant state,
+and it is one of those which medicine commonly fails to relieve. A cup
+of camomile or peppermint tea, taken when first awaking, and suffering
+the patient to be still for an hour, will frequently alleviate the
+distressing sickness; but should it recur during the day, and if these
+means fail, two or three teaspoonfuls of the following mixture should
+then be taken either occasionally or, when the vomiting and heartburn
+are more continual, immediately after each meal:
+
+Take of--
+    Calcined magnesia,                   One dram;
+    Distilled water,                     Six ounces;
+    Aromatic tincture of rhatany,        Six drams;
+    Water of pure ammonia,               One dram.
+
+Mix. The anxiety and sometimes despondency of mind--in other words,
+lowness of spirits--to which pregnant women are more or less liable
+greatly depends on the state of their general health and the natural
+temper and character of the individual; but it can be greatly
+aggravated, and may often be excited by circumstances or officious
+persons. Let me, then, urge upon you the _important necessity_ of
+keeping the mind as tranquil and cheerful as possible, particularly
+during the first four months of pregnancy. A judicious course of this
+kind will produce the most beneficial and well-balanced mind in the
+child; while, if the contrary, a desponding and nervous temperament,
+with many other peculiarities, will be the consequence.
+
+
+               SURE TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF PREGNANCY.
+
+M. Nauche has found that the urine of pregnant women contains a
+particular substance, which, when the urine is allowed to stand
+separates and forms a pellicle on the surface. M. Enguiser, from an
+extensive series of observations, has confirmed the fact, and
+ascertained that kisteine, as this particular substance has been
+called, is constantly formed on the surface of the urine of women in a
+state of pregnancy. The urine must be allowed to stand for from two to
+six days, when minute opaque bodies are observed to rise from the
+bottom to the surface of the fluid, where they gradually unite and
+form a continuous layer over the surface. This layer is so consistent
+that it may be almost lifted off by raising it by one of its edges.
+This is the kisteine. It is whitish, opalescent, slightly granular,
+and can be compared to nothing better than the fatty substance which
+floats on the surface of soups after they have been allowed to cool.
+When examined by the microscope, it has the aspect of a gelatinous
+mass without determinate form; sometimes cubical shaped crystals are
+discovered on it, but this appearance is only observed when it has
+stood a long time, and is to be regarded as foreign to it. The
+kisteine remains on the surface for several days; the urine then
+becomes turbid, and small opaque masses become detached from the
+kisteine and fall to the bottom of the fluid and the pellicle soon
+becomes destroyed.
+
+The essential character of the urine of pregnancy, then, is the
+presence of the kisteine; and the characters of the pellicle are so
+peculiar that it is impossible to mistake it for anything else. A
+pellicle sometimes forms on the surface of the urine of patients
+laboring under phthisis, abscess, or disease of the bladder, but may
+be easily distinguished by this circumstance, that it does not form in
+such a short time as the kisteine, and that in place of disappearing,
+as this last, in a few days, it increases in thickness and at last is
+converted into a mass of moldiness. There exists, likewise, a very
+marked difference between its mucous aspect and that of kisteine; a
+difference which is difficult to describe, but which is easily
+recognized.
+
+Kisteine appears to exist in the urine from the first month of
+pregnancy till delivery. It has even been recognized in the urine of a
+few gravid animals.
+
+
+                          "PARTURIENT BALM,"
+
+_For Rendering Childbirth Easy and Less Dangerous--A very Important
+Medicine._
+
+Take blue cohosh root, four ounces; lady's-slipper root and spikenard
+root, of each one ounce; sassafras bark (of root) and clover, of each
+half an ounce. Bruise all, and simmer slowly for two hours in two
+quarts of boiling water. Strain, and add one pound of white sugar.
+
+Dose: A wineglassful twice a day for two weeks or a month previous to
+expected confinement, for the purpose of rendering parturition, or
+childbirth, more easy.
+
+Should be taken by every pregnant woman.
+
+
+                               ABORTION.
+
+Abortion, or miscarriage, means, in plain language, a woman losing her
+child previous to the seventh month of her pregnancy; that is, before
+its due time. When this occurs after that period it is called
+
+
+                           PREMATURE LABOR.
+
+Miscarriage involves pain and weakness in addition to the loss of
+offspring, and is often a severe trial to the maternal constitution.
+It may occur at any period of pregnancy, but particular stages are
+more liable to the accident than others. These are generally
+considered to be about the time of the first menstruation after
+conception; again at the twelfth week, and toward the seventh month;
+and the liability is increased at those times which correspond to the
+menstrual period. When abortion has once taken place it is more likely
+to occur again, and some have so strong a tendency to it that they
+never go beyond a certain stage, but then invariably miscarry.
+
+
+                         THE CAUSE OF ABORTION
+
+may exist in the constitution of the female herself, being the result
+of weakness and irritability, or of an overfull habit or a diseased
+condition of the womb; or the foetus, or child, may die or be
+deficient in development, when it is cast off like a blighted fruit.
+Suckling after conception has taken place is not infrequently a cause
+of miscarriage. Active diseases occurring during pregnancy, such as
+fevers, severe inflammation, eruptive fevers, etc., are almost certain
+to occasion the expulsion of the uterine contents. Continued
+diarrhoea and the action of strong purgative medicines, particularly
+the aloetic, are dangerous. This is a very good reason for those who
+are pregnant avoiding all quack aperient medicines; they almost all
+contain aloes, and may be very injurious. All undue exertion or
+agitation of body or mind, sudden jerks or jumps, riding on horseback
+in the early stage, or in a shaking carriage in the latter stages of
+pregnancy, may any of them bring on miscarriage. To these may be
+added: exertion of the arms in doing anything on a level above the
+head; costive bowels and straining consequent therein; sexual
+indulgence, or, in plain language, too much connection with your
+husband; and luxurious habits. Those who have once suffered from
+abortion ought to be extremely careful during succeeding pregnancies,
+and all ought to bear in mind the possibility of the occurrence.
+
+
+                  THE SYMPTOMS OF THREATENED ABORTION
+
+vary with the constitution. In the strong and plethoric it is often
+preceded by shivering and febrile symptoms and by a feeling of weight
+in the lower bowels. In the weak there is languor, faintness,
+flaccidity of the breasts, general depression, and pains in the back
+and loins. Intermittent pains, and discharge of blood from the
+passage, tell that the process has begun. If miscarriage occurs within
+the first month or two after conception, the process may be
+accomplished with so little inconvenience as to escape notice and be
+mistaken for a menstrual period. More generally, however, the severity
+of the pain and an unusual clotted discharge of blood render the case
+evident. The pain, the discharge, and, at the same time, the danger of
+an abortion, are in proportion to the advancement of the pregnancy.
+When a miscarriage goes on, the pains increase in force and frequency,
+and continue, with discharge of blood, fluid or in clots, until the
+ovum, or first formation of the child, is expelled; after which both
+become moderated till they cease altogether and the red flow gives
+place to a colorless one. It is very important that those in
+attendance upon the patient should examine every clot that comes away.
+If large, tear it in pieces, that they may ascertain whether the
+contents of the womb are expelled or not, for there is no safety or
+rest, where miscarriage is progressing, till it has taken place and
+everything is cast off.
+
+
+                          AS SOON AS A FEMALE
+
+experiences threatenings of abortion she ought at once to retire to
+bed, upon a mattress, and keep perfectly quiet till every symptom has
+disappeared. Sometimes this simple measure, _promptly adopted_, is
+sufficient to avert the threatened evil. If there is much feeling of
+fullness, and the patient is of full habit generally, eight or a dozen
+leeches may be applied to the lower part of the bowels; if there is
+fever, saline medicines may be given, such as the common effervescing
+draft of carbonate of soda and tartaric acid or lemon juice; or, if
+the bowels are much confined, seidlitz powders, assisting the action
+by cold clysters, if necessary. When the pains are severe,
+particularly in the weak and irritable, twenty or thirty drops of
+laudanum should be given, and may be repeated in a few hours if the
+symptoms are not improved. In the case of profuse discharge, the
+patient should be kept very lightly covered, movement avoided, and
+every article of food or drink given cold, or iced if possible,
+provided the vital powers are not excessively reduced. Cloths dipped
+in cold or iced water should also be applied to the lower part of the
+body and frequently changed. Acid drinks, with cream of tartar, may be
+freely given. Ten or fifteen drops of elixir vitriol may be given in a
+wineglassful of water every two or three hours. Should slight
+faintness come on, it is better not to interfere with it, but use
+outward remedies--camphor, cold water, vinegar, etc.--as they maybe
+salutary. If it reaches to an extent to threaten life, stimulants, as
+brandy and water, and others, must be had recourse to. Profuse and
+continued discharge, though it may not threaten life, must occasion a
+weakness which will take a long time to overcome, and which may
+ultimately, if not properly attended to, promote the development of
+other diseases of the womb.
+
+
+                      IF THE FLOODING IS PROFUSE
+
+and uncontrolled by the means before mentioned, one grain and a half
+of sugar of lead may be given every two or three hours, and washed
+down with a drink of vinegar and water, to which, if there is much
+pain, add from five to ten drops of laudanum.
+
+Pieces of linen or cotton cloth should be soaked in a strong solution
+of alum, or a decoction of oak bark; and then well oiled; with this
+cloth plug the passage or birthplace; or, some of this astringent wash
+may be thrown up with a syringe.
+
+But, during the time and after miscarriage, the general strength must
+be supported by a strengthening diet, such as soups, meat, etc.,
+avoiding stimulants as much as possible. Nevertheless, in some cases
+wine or malt liquors may be necessary in convalescence, or when
+recovering, and if so may be assisted by tonic or strengthening
+medicines, such as contain mineral acid. Bark or iron are generally
+given as the most appropriate remedies. The bowels will, in some
+cases, require strict attention, as indeed they do throughout, and for
+this purpose castor oil is a good medicine, or clysters of cold or
+tepid water are most useful. A teaspoonful of Epsom salts dissolved in
+half a pint of water, either cold or slightly warmed, to which add
+fifteen drops of elixir vitriol, forms a most excellent and mild
+purgative, which should be taken before breakfast. In all cases where
+the constitution of the woman has a tendency to miscarriage or
+abortion, a quiet state of mind should be observed, avoiding all
+violent exertions, particularly lifting heavy weights. These
+principles of treatment are to be kept in mind in the management of
+miscarriage:
+
+The first, to prevent it, if possible, by rest, opiates, etc.
+
+The second, to allay pain, moderate the discharge of blood, and to
+save and support the strength of the patient.
+
+The third, when abortion must take place, to expedite the separation
+of the ovum and free the contents of the womb. This is generally done
+by simply occasionally drinking cold water, and in difficult cases, if
+necessary, by the administration of spurred rye. The dose is a strong
+infusion or tea given every twenty or thirty minutes until the desired
+effect is produced, as long as the stomach will bear it.
+
+The health of pregnant females should at all times be an object of
+great care and interest; and they should be impressed with the
+conviction that while
+
+
+                        BEARING THE FIRST CHILD
+
+they may, by proper care and attention, lay the foundation for their
+future health and that of their offspring; while by neglect and
+imprudence in this matter, they may not only enfeeble their
+constitution, but entail upon their children an inheritance of
+infirmity and disease.
+
+Miscarriage, or abortion, which includes all cases in which delivery
+takes place before the sixth month, seldom occurs without being
+preceded, or accompanied, or followed, by a morbid discharge of blood
+from the womb, which is commonly known by the name of _flooding_.
+Abortion, or miscarriage, takes place with the first pregnancy, and
+during the first two months; therefore, great care should be observed
+during this period, as any cause which either destroys the life of the
+child in the womb or brings on morbid or premature contractions in
+that organ may induce miscarriage. Coughing severely, or vomiting, a
+blow or fall, or a misstep leading to an effort to prevent falling,
+may, and does frequently, result in miscarriage; and this having once
+occurred, it is, without proper care, exceedingly liable to be the
+case again at the same period of a subsequent pregnancy. The same
+result may follow any vivid moral impression; for fright, or mental
+excitement by passion, or witnessing any accident, will be found often
+to end in miscarriage. In some healthy females, however, it occurs
+without any other cause than mere fullness of blood. A bleeding from
+the womb is often in such cases a first symptom of abortion, and
+should be attended to as early as possible before it goes to any
+considerable extent. The amount of flooding, in most cases, is in
+proportion to the early period of pregnancy at which it takes place,
+for in the latter months there is seldom much blood lost. But there
+are cases in which pregnant women will lose blood repeatedly from the
+womb and yet not miscarry, but these are very rare cases.
+
+In most cases, the occurrence of a woman's flooding between the first
+and fourth months, unless very slight, or quickly relieved, is usually
+followed by a miscarriage; but as soon as the child and its membranes
+are both expelled by the contraction of the womb the flooding soon
+ceases. In many such cases it is often very difficult, and sometimes
+impossible, to deliver the afterbirth and membranes, which remain and
+finally pass off after putrefaction has taken place, resulting in long
+and offensive discharges from the womb, and which, unless treated by
+the most skillful management, frequently result in many internal
+mischiefs of a serious character, such as ulcers, cancers, etc.
+
+In all cases, those who are constitutionally disposed to abortion, or
+have a tendency to miscarriage, should take great care to preserve a
+quiet state of mind and to avoid all violent exertion; and all active
+purgatives should be avoided, and exposure to great heat or cold,
+during the time of gestation or pregnancy.
+
+When the miscarriage has really taken place, and the foetus, or
+child, is expelled, together with the contents of the womb, the same
+precautions should in general be observed as in childbirth.
+
+
+                        TO PREVENT MISCARRIAGE,
+
+when it is threatened, or on the appearance of the first symptoms, the
+patient should lie down and be as quiet as possible; live on very
+light diet; bowels be kept freely open; and an injection of thirty
+drops of laudanum should be given in half a pint of slippery elm tea.
+Should flooding be present, cold lemonade should be drank freely, and
+cloths wet with cold or ice water applied to the thighs and lower part
+of the birthplace, which should be repeated until the flooding is
+relieved.
+
+
+                     MEANS OF PREVENTING ABORTION.
+
+To prevent abortion, women of weak or relaxed habit should use solid
+food, avoiding great quantities of tea, coffee, or other weak or
+watery liquors. They should go soon to bed and rise early, and take
+frequent exercise, but avoid fatigue. They should occasionally take
+half a pint of the decoction of lignum-vitae, boiling an ounce of it in
+a quart of water for five minutes.
+
+If of a full habit, they ought to use a spare diet and chiefly of the
+vegetable kind, avoiding strong liquors and everything that may tend
+to heat the body or increase the quantity of blood; and when the
+symptoms appear, should take a dram of powdered nitre in a cup of
+water gruel every five or six hours.
+
+In both cases the patient should sleep on a hard mattress and be kept
+cool and quiet; the bowels should be kept regular by a pill of white
+walnut extract or bitterroot.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER IX.
+
+                             MENSTRUATION.
+
+
+Though this is not a disease, but a healthy function, and as, from
+various causes, derangement of the function occurs, it is proper that
+it should be perfectly understood. Menstruation is the term applied to
+the phenomenon that attends the rupture of what is called the
+_Graafian follicles_ of the ovaries and the discharge of an ova, or
+egg. It is a bloody discharge from the female genitals; not differing
+from ordinary blood, excepting that it does not coagulate, and in its
+peculiar odor. The blood comes from the capillaries of the womb and
+vagina.
+
+
+                  MENOPHANIA, OR THE FIRST APPEARANCE
+
+of the menses, is usually preceded by a discharge of a fluid whitish
+matter from the vagina, by nervous excitement, and by vague pains and
+heaviness in the loins and thighs, numbness of the limbs, and swelling
+and hardness of the breasts. The first appearance is an evidence of
+capacity for conception. It generally appears about the age of
+fourteen, but varies from nine to twenty-four years. In warm climates
+women begin to menstruate earlier and cease sooner than in temperate
+regions; in the cold climates the reverse of this holds as a general
+rule. The manifestations of approaching puberty are seen in the
+development of the breasts, the expansion of the hips, the rounded
+contour of the body and limbs, appearance of the purely feminine
+figure, development of the voice, and the child becomes reserved and
+exchanges her plays for the pursuits of womanhood.
+
+More or less indisposition and irritability also precede each
+successive recurrence of the menstrual flux, such as headache,
+lassitude, uneasiness, pain in back, loins, etc. The periods succeed
+each other usually about every twenty-eight days, although it may
+occur every twenty-two, twenty, eighteen, fifteen, or thirty-two,
+thirty-five, or forty days. The most important element is the
+regularity of the return. In temperate climates each menstrual period
+ordinarily continues from three to six days, and the quantity lost
+from four to eight ounces. The menses continue to flow from the period
+of puberty till the age of forty-five or fifty. At the time of its
+natural cessation the flow becomes irregular, and this irregularity is
+accompanied occasionally by symptoms of dropsy, glandular swellings,
+etc., constituting the _critical period_, _turn_ or _change of life_;
+yet it does not appear that mortality is increased by it, as vital
+statistics show that more men die between forty and fifty than women.
+
+It should be the
+
+
+                         DUTY OF EVERY MOTHER
+
+or female in charge of a child in whom age or actual manifestations
+suggest the approach of puberty to acquaint her with the nature of her
+visitation and the importance of her conduct in regard to it. She
+should be taught that it is perfectly natural to all females at a
+certain period, and that its arrival necessitates caution on her part
+with regard to exposure to wet or cold. The author has made the
+acquaintance of the history of many cases of consumption and other
+diseases which were directly induced by folly and ignorance at the
+first menstrual flow. The child is often kept in extreme ignorance of
+the liability of womanhood occurring to her at a certain age, and,
+hence, when she observes a flow of blood escaping from a part, the
+delicacy attached to the locality makes her reticent with regard to
+inquiry or exposure; she naturally becomes alarmed, and most likely
+attempts to stanch the flow by bathing or applying cold water to the
+part, thus doing incalculable mischief.
+
+This purely feminine physiological function should be well studied and
+understood by all females. At least, they should know that the
+phenomenon is a natural one, liable to disorder, and that the best
+interests of their general health demands care and prudence on their
+part to maintain regularity, etc., of the flow. Disregard of such a
+duty will surely entail much misery.
+
+
+                 DELAYED AND OBSTRUCTED MENSTRUATION.
+
+When the menses do not appear at the time when they may naturally be
+expected, we call it delayed or obstructed menstruation. It is,
+however, of great importance to know whether a girl is sufficiently
+developed to make it necessary for the menses to appear, although she
+may have reached the proper age. As long as the girl has not increased
+physically, if she has not become wider across the hips, if her
+breasts have not become enlarged, and if she experience none of the
+changes incident to this period, an effort to force nature is
+positively injurious. In this case a general treatment will be called
+for. She should be required to exercise freely in the open air, retire
+early to bed and rise at an early hour in the morning. She should not
+be allowed to be closely confined to school, if attending. Her diet
+should be generous but free from all rich food, which will disorder
+the stomach. If, however, she is fully developed, and she suffers from
+time to time from congestions of the head, breast or abdomen, it will
+be necessary to interfere. The following are symptoms which will
+generally be found in these cases: Headache, weight, fullness, and
+throbbing in the center of the cranium and in the back part of the
+head; pains in the back and loins; cold feet and hands, becoming
+sometimes very hot; skin harsh and dry; slow pulse, and not
+infrequently attended with epilepsy.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+It is well for the patient, a few days before the period, to take a
+warm hip bath or foot bath twice a day, and at night, when retiring,
+to apply cloths wet in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen.
+
+The bowels should be kept open by some mild catharsis, as castor oil
+or a pill of aloes. If there is pain and fullness of the head during
+the discharge, or before it, use the following:
+
+    Tincture of aconite leaves,          Two drams;
+    Tincture of belladonna,              One dram;
+    Tincture of cantharides,             One dram;
+    Morphia,                             Three grains;
+    Simple syrup,                        Quarter ounce.
+
+Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three times a day. If the pain is severe it
+may be taken every two hours.
+
+Between the monthly periods, if the system is weak, the following may
+be taken:
+
+    Precip. carbonate of iron,        Five drams;
+    Extract of conium,                Two drams;
+    Balsam Peru,                      One dram;
+    Alcohol,                          Four ounces;
+    Oil wintergreen,                  Twenty drops;
+    Simple syrup,                     Eight ounces.
+
+Dose: Two teaspoonfuls three times a day. Shake the mixture before
+using.
+
+
+                     CHLOROSIS, OR GREEN SICKNESS.
+
+This disease generally occurs in young unmarried females who are weak
+and delicate. It manifests itself about the age of puberty, and is
+accompanied by feeble appetite and digestion. There is no menstrual
+discharge, or else it is very slight.
+
+It is caused by innutritious food and residence in damp and
+ill-ventilated apartments. It may be hereditary, all the females of
+the family being liable to the same disease. Those who drink largely
+of tea, coffee, diluted acids, bad wines, and indulge in tight lacing;
+are predisposed to this disease. Among the exciting causes may be
+mentioned disturbing emotions, unrequited love, homesickness,
+depression of spirits, etc. When we take into consideration the fact
+that the cause of the disease is impoverishment of the blood, the
+treatment will not be difficult.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+Exercise freely in the open air; protect the body from chilliness with
+warm clothing and plenty of it. The patient should sleep on a mattress
+in a well-ventilated room. The diet should be nourishing without being
+stimulating. It is important that the habits should be regular, and
+the mind kept cheerful by society and innocent amusements. Before the
+medical treatment is commenced the exciting causes of the disease must
+be removed. A complete change must be made in the existence of the
+patient. If she is confined closely at school, she must be removed; if
+she is inclined to confine herself to the house, send her to the
+country. Picture to her the danger she is in by the continuance of
+such a life; give her plenty of outdoor exercise. The mental and moral
+causes are the most difficult to remove, but a change of scenery and
+new friends will do much towards it. For those who are shut up in
+factories, or who work all day in a stooping position, a change of
+employment must be made. A bath of tepid water in the morning,
+followed by a brisk rubbing, will be beneficial; also the frequent use
+of the sitting-bath, and the sponge bath in the evening. Active
+exercise should precede and follow all baths. During menstruation all
+applications of water should be omitted. The following remedies are
+recommended by a famous Philadelphian doctor. They are to be taken on
+alternate days; that is, take No. 1 one day, No. 2 the next day, etc.:
+
+No. 1.--Precip. carbonate of iron, five drams; extract of conium, two
+drams; balsam Peru, one dram; oil cinnamon, twenty drops; simple
+syrup, eight ounces; pulverized gum arabic, two drams. Mix. Dose: Two
+teaspoonfuls three times a day, every other day, after meals. Shake
+before using.
+
+No. 2.--Tincture of nux vomica, one dram; syrup iodide of iron, one
+ounce; simple syrup, four ounces. Mix. Dose: One teaspoonful three
+times a day, every other day, after meals.
+
+Another treatment is as follows:
+
+Clear the bowels with the following mixture: Sulphate of magnesia, one
+ounce; nitrate of potash, ten grains; extract of liquorice, one
+scruple; compound infusion of senna, five and one-half ounces;
+tincture of jalap, three drams; spirit of sal volatile, one dram. Mix.
+Dose: Two or three tablespoonfuls at a time, at intervals of two hours
+until an effect is produced. This is to be followed by sulphate of
+iron, five grains; extract of gentian, ten grains. Make into three
+pills and take a pill twice a day, with the compound aloes or rhubarb
+pill every night.
+
+
+                   PROFUSE MENSTRUATION--MENORRHAGIA:
+
+By menorrhagia we understand an immoderate flow of the menses. There
+is no fixed amount of blood which is lost at the menstrual period, but
+it varies in different women. It will average, however, from four to
+eight ounces. The quantity discharged may be estimated by the number
+of napkins used. Each napkin will contain about half an ounce, or one
+tablespoonful, so that eight napkins would contain four ounces;
+twenty, ten ounces; etc. In some females the discharge may be
+excessive without impairment of the general health.
+
+Some females are predisposed to uterine hemorrhages, from a relaxed or
+flabby state of the texture of the uterus. Frequent childbearing,
+abortion, high living, too prolonged and frequent suckling, may induce
+flooding. Among the exciting causes we may mention overexertion,
+dancing, falls, lifting heavy weights, cold, and mental excitement.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The patient must lie down on a hard bed, and abstain from all
+stimulating food and drinks. The room should be cool and she should be
+lightly covered with bedclothes. Soak the feet in warm water, and if
+the flowing is excessive apply cloths wrung out in vinegar and water
+to the lower bowels. The hips must be elevated higher than the head.
+Only in extreme cases should plugging be resorted to. This may be
+done by pieces of linen, about four inches square, thrust into the
+vagina until it is full, and a bandage applied between the legs. Cold
+hip baths and vaginal injections of cold water will be beneficial when
+the hemorrhage is slight.
+
+Use also the following:
+
+    Diluted sulphuric acid,         Two drams;
+    Syrup of orange peel,           Two ounces;
+    Cinnamon water,                 One ounce.
+
+Mix. Dose: A teaspoonful in a wineglassful of water two or three times
+a day.
+
+If there is much pain administer the following every two or three
+hours:
+
+    Morphia,             Quarter grain;
+    Cayenne,             Four grains;
+    Rosin,               Four grains.
+
+Mix. Give in blackberry syrup.
+
+
+          PAINFUL MENSTRUATION--MENSTRUAL COLIC--DYSMENORRHEA.
+
+Dysmenorrhea means a difficult monthly flow, and is always preceded by
+severe pains in the back and lower part of the abdomen. It is caused
+by taking cold during the period; fright, violent mental emotions,
+obstinate constipation, sedentary occupations, smallness of the mouth
+and neck of the womb. Females subject to this trouble are generally
+relieved by marriage. The symptoms are severe bearing-down pains in
+the region of the uterus, like labor pains; restlessness, coldness,
+flashes of heat, with headache; aching in the small of the back, lower
+part of the abdomen, and thighs; the discharge is scanty, and contains
+shreds of fiber and clotted blood.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The patient should immediately go to bed and cover up warmly.
+Stimulating food and drinks should be avoided. Use a warm foot bath
+and sitting-bath, with hot poultices of hops or cloths wet in hot
+water applied to the abdomen.
+
+In the interval of the menses, take active exercise, with a tepid hip
+bath three nights in the week, injecting some of the water high up in
+the vagina. Keep the bowels open by a pill of aloes and myrrh, and
+take a small teaspoonful of the volatile tincture of guiacum three
+times a day, in water. On the approach of the period, take the
+following at night:
+
+    Calomel,              Three grains;
+    Opium,                One grain.
+
+In the morning a dose of caster oil, and on the appearance of the
+menses, the Dover's Powder and mixture as before. Repeat this
+treatment, in each interval, until permanently relieved.
+
+The following is recommended by an eminent physician, to be taken a
+few days before the period:
+
+    Acetous tincture of colchicum,     Three drams;
+    Magnesia,                          One dram;
+    Sulphate of magnesia,              Three drams;
+    Distilled mint or cinnamon water,  Four ounces.
+
+Mix. Dose: A small wineglassful every two or three hours until it
+operates. This should be preceded the night before by a small dose of
+blue pill.
+
+
+                 SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES--AMENORRHOEA.
+
+By suppression is meant a disappearance of the menses after they have
+become established, and may be either acute or chronic. It is caused
+by cold caught during the flow, by exposure to night air or by wetting
+the feet; fear, shocks, violent mental emotions, anxiety, fevers and
+other acute diseases. Chronic suppression may be either a consequence
+of the acute, or caused by delicate health; also, from diseases of the
+ovaries or womb. It may also be occasioned by an imperforate hymen, in
+which case it must be cut open by a physician.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+When the suppression is caused by some disease in the system, that
+disease must be cured before the menses will return. For sudden
+suppression, use the warm sitting-bath or foot bath. Apply cloths wet
+in warm water to the lower part of the abdomen, and drink freely of
+warm water. If the suppression is chronic and the patient is delicate,
+in the interval between the menses use the shower or the full bath of
+cold or tepid water, rubbing the body briskly with a coarse towel,
+especially around the abdomen, loins, and genital organs.
+
+As soon as the discharge has ceased, a warm hip bath will generally
+bring it on. If there is much inflammation of the uterus give the
+following:
+
+    Tincture aconite leaves,          Two drams;
+    Sweet spirits of nitre,           One ounce;
+    Simple syrup,                     Three ounces.
+
+Dose: One teaspoonful every two or three hours.
+
+If the discharge cannot be brought on, wait until the next period. A
+few days before the term the bowels should be freely opened and kept
+open until the period for the discharge has arrived. A pill of aloes
+and iron is one of the best that can be given. Give from one to three
+pills daily. If there is no evident reason for the discharge not
+appearing, such as pregnancy, inflammation of the neck of the womb,
+and the woman is suffering from the suppression, use the following:
+
+    Caulophyllin,              One dram;
+    Extract aconite,           Eight grains;
+    Aloes,                     Ten grains;
+    Sulphate of iron,          Ten grains.
+
+Make into forty pills. Dose: Two or three pills, taken night and
+morning.
+
+The remedies should always be taken a few days before the period
+arrives for the menses. If the chronic suppression is the result of
+any acute disease, the health must first be re-established, otherwise
+it would be wrong to force the menses. When this has been done,
+immediately before the return of the period a warm hip bath should be
+taken every night for six nights, and one of the following pills taken
+three times a day:
+
+    Fresh powdered ergot of rye,      Fifty grains;
+    Barbadoes aloes,                  Twelve grains;
+    Essential oil of juniper,         Twelve drops.
+
+Make into twelve pills with syrup or mucilage, washing down each pill
+with a cupful of pennyroyal tea.
+
+
+                CESSATION OF THE MENSES--CHANGE OF LIFE.
+
+By the phrase, "change of life," or, the critical period, we
+understand the final cessation, or stoppage, of the menses. It usually
+takes place between the ages of forty and fifty, although in some
+cases it may occur as early as thirty, and in others not until sixty.
+However, we can expect the change about the forty-fifth year.
+
+The symptoms will vary according to the constitution of the woman. In
+some the change occurs by the discharge gradually diminishing in
+quantity; in others, by the intervals between the periods being
+lengthened. A woman may pass this period without having any more
+unpleasant symptoms than an occasional rush of blood to the head, or a
+headache. Others, however, may have very severe symptoms arise, which
+will require the care of an intelligent physician. These disagreeable
+sensations should receive a careful consideration and not be hushed up
+with the reply that these complaints arise from the "change of life"
+and will vanish whenever that change takes place. The foundation of
+serious trouble may be laid which will make the remainder of her
+existence a burden and cut short a life which might have been
+conducted to a good old age. While this change is in progress, in
+probably the majority of cases there is more or less disturbance of
+the health. It is sometimes quite impossible to say exactly what is
+the trouble with the patient, except that she is out of health. The
+following are some of the symptoms which may arise: Headache,
+dizziness, biliousness, sour stomach, indigestion, diarrhoea, piles,
+costiveness, itching of the private parts, cramp and colic of the
+bowels, palpitation of the heart, swelling of the limbs and abdomen,
+pains in the back and loins, paleness and general weakness.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+Eat and drink moderately; sleep in airy, well-ventilated rooms;
+exercise daily in the open air, either by walking or riding; avoid
+violent emotions; shun exposure to wet, stormy weather, wet feet, etc.
+
+Keep the bowels regulated with the following:
+
+Mercurial pill, one grain; ipecac powder, one-half grain; compound
+rhubarb pill, three grains. Mix for a pill to be taken every night.
+
+Or, one ounce of hicra picra, or powdered aloes with castella, mixed
+in a pint of gin, which should stand for four or five days, after
+which a tablespoonful in a glass of water may be taken every morning
+or second morning, as the case may be.
+
+If the patient is large and fleshy, of full habit, the following is
+recommended:
+
+Sulphate of magnesia, one and one-half ounces; compound infusion of
+roses, five ounces; cinnamon water, one ounce. Mix, Dose: Two
+tablespoonfuls once a day.
+
+If there are nervous symptoms prominent, give valerianate of zinc,
+eight grains; tincture of valerian, two drams; orange flower water,
+three and a half ounces; syrup of red poppies, two drams. Mix. Dose: A
+tablespoonful every six hours.
+
+
+                          FALLING OF THE WOMB
+
+                         _(Prolapsus uteri)._
+
+Falling of the womb is simply a sinking down of the organ, and may be
+so slight as not to be noticed or so great that the organ will
+protrude between the legs through the external opening. It is not a
+disease of the womb itself, but of some of its supports.
+
+So long as the vagina retains its natural size and the ligaments are
+but two and a half inches long the organ will not be displaced.
+Whatever tends to relax and weaken the system may cause the complaint.
+The muscles of the abdomen which support the intestines being weakened
+from any cause will allow the intestines to press down upon the womb
+and its ligaments, and, in consequence of this constant pressure, they
+give way. Another cause is too early exercise after childbearing.
+Flooding and leucorrhoea, or whites, if allowed to continue for a
+long time, will produce it; in delicate females, continued running up
+and down stairs, also tight lacing, dancing, leaping, and running,
+particularly during the period of menstruation, when the womb is
+increased in weight by the blood contained in it. The use of medicines
+to loosen the bowels, which is very common among many, is still
+another cause of the disorder.
+
+Most females who are troubled with falling of the womb think that it
+is necessary to a cure that they should wear some kind of a support to
+the abdomen. These supporters, however, do a vast amount of harm, for
+by being worn tightly around the abdomen they increase the pressure on
+the bowels, thus forcing down, more and more, the womb and its
+appendages. All that is necessary is to raise up the womb to its
+natural position, and use an instrument that will keep it in place.
+This instrument is called a pessary. This pessary is a ring or hollow
+cup-shaped globe, made of gold, silver, ivory, wood or gutta-percha,
+and is placed in the vagina or birthplace, thus supporting the womb.
+The cold hip bath should be used once a day, at the same time
+injecting cold water into the vagina with a syringe. Lie down as much
+as possible, and avoid becoming fatigued. Apply cold bandages to the
+abdomen on going to bed.
+
+If the womb has descended to the external orifice it is often
+necessary to restore it to its natural position by pressing it upward
+and backward by a finger or two pressed into the vagina. If the
+process be accompanied with pain, the vagina should be well washed by
+injections of thick flax seed or slippery elm bark tea for a day or
+two before the astringent washes are used.
+
+Avoid tight corsets and heavy skirts, suspend the under-garments from
+the shoulders and not from the waist, as is usually done. Use plain
+vegetable diet, and avoid tea, coffee, spirituous drinks, and all
+sensual indulgences. Allow the clothes to be loose. These things must
+be attended to closely. The diet should be plain and nourishing, but
+not stimulating.
+
+Use an injection of an infusion of white oak bark, geranium, or a
+solution of alum, in the proportion of one ounce to the pint of water.
+If there is inflammation of the womb, this must be subdued before
+using the pessary. Give tincture of aconite, compound powder of ipecac
+and opium, with injections of an infusion of hops and lobelia, or an
+infusion of belladonna.
+
+If there is heat and difficulty in passing water, drink an infusion of
+marsh mallow and spearmint. If the patient is weak, give the following
+tonic:
+
+Sulphate quinine, twenty-five grains; citrate of iron (soluble),
+thirty-five grains. Make into twenty-four powders. Take a powder three
+times a day, after each meal, in sweet wine.
+
+
+                    LEUCORRHOEA--WHITES--FLOUR ALBUS.
+
+The word leucorrhoea is derived from two Greek words, and means
+literally a "white discharge." It is also known as "flour albus,"
+"whites," and "female weakness," and consists of a "light colorless
+discharge from the genital organs, varying in hue from a whitish or
+colorless to a yellowish, light green, or to a slightly red or
+brownish; varying in consistency from a thin, watery, to a thick,
+tenacious, ropy substance; and in quantity from a slight increase in
+the healthy secretion to several ounces in the twenty-four hours."
+This discharge generally occurs between the ages of fifteen and
+forty-five, seldom during infancy or old age. When it occurs in young
+female children, it will not infrequently be produced by the presence
+of pinworms in the vagina, which make their way there from the rectum.
+There will be intense itching of the parts, and the worms can be
+removed with a small piece of cloth, after separating the lips.
+
+This disease may be either acute or chronic. The acute form generally
+results from taking cold, and is simply a catarrhal inflammation of
+the mucous membrane lining the vagina. The chronic form is but a
+continuation of the acute, and is generally caused by the acute stage
+having been neglected or improperly treated. Ulceration of the neck of
+the womb sometimes results. There are two forms of leucorrhoea:
+Vaginal leucorrhoea, when the discharge comes from the walls of the
+vagina; and cervical leucorrhoea, when the discharge proceeds from
+the neck of the womb.
+
+Causes: Taking cold from sitting on the ground, or exposure of the
+neck and shoulders; over sexual excitement, and sexual intercourse;
+tight lacing; piles, miscarriages, and abortions; displacements of the
+womb; purgatives, improper articles of diet; warm injections, or
+injections of any kind; late hours, etc. It may also be hereditary.
+
+
+                              TREATMENT.
+
+The treatment, to be successful, requires that the patient should
+first be placed in a favorable condition. Anything which tends to
+excite the disease must be avoided, as dissipations, late suppers,
+etc. The diet must be plain and nourishing without being stimulating,
+and be taken regularly. Exercise, short of fatigue, will be
+beneficial. The clothing should be warm and worn loosely, especially
+about the waist. Water is of great importance in the treatment of this
+trouble. The sitting-bath may be used every day, and injections of
+cold or tepid water should be used three or four times a day,
+according to the severity of the discharge.
+
+An injection of weak green tea will be found good in some mild cases,
+as also sweet cider or a weak solution of alum.
+
+One of the best tonics is the muriated tincture of iron, of which take
+twenty or twenty-five drops in half a tumbler of water three or four
+times a day. An excellent injection is made by taking three drams of
+tannic acid and an ounce of alum, dissolving in a quart of water, and
+inject one-third three times a day. The bowels should be kept open by
+Rochelle or Epsom salts, or seidlitz powder. When there is great
+debility of the organs, or when the disease has been brought on by
+exposure to cold, pregnancy, abortions, etc., the following will be
+found very successful:
+
+Tincture of aloes, two ounces; muriated tincture of iron, four drams.
+Mix. Dose: Thirty-five drops in water three times a day. At the same
+time use the following injection: Sulphate of zinc (white vitriol),
+two drams; sugar of lead, two drams. Mix in one quart of water, and
+use one-fourth for each injection.
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER X.
+
+               COLLECTION OF VALUABLE MEDICAL COMPOUNDS.
+
+
+Do you have--
+    A frequent headache over the eyes?
+    A susceptibility to chills and fever?
+    A bitter or oily taste in the mouth?
+    A sour stomach?
+    A complexion inclined to be yellow?
+    A great depression of spirits without known cause?
+    Specks before the eyes, and flushed face?
+    A done out, tired feeling?
+
+Besides many other symptoms too numerous to mention? If you have you
+are affected in your liver and kidneys, and should do something for
+it. The following preparation, "Magic Kidney and Liver Restorer," acts
+on these organs and, when diseased or out of order, restores them to a
+healthy state. Everyone should keep a bottle of this preparation in
+the house, as it is an invaluable medicine. Splendid to take in the
+spring to tone up the system:
+
+
+                   MAGIC KIDNEY AND LIVER RESTORER.
+
+    Two ounces of alcohol;
+    One and a half ounces of glycerine;
+    One ounce of liverwort;
+    Three hundred and twenty grains of saltpetre;
+    Forty drops of wintergreen.
+
+Steep the liverwort in a quart of water down to half the quantity,
+then throw in the other ingredients while hot. Dose: One tablespoonful
+about four times a day.
+
+
+                             HOP BITTERS.
+
+    One ounce mandrake root;
+    One ounce gentian root;
+    One ounce dandelion root;
+    One ounce buchu leaf;
+    One ounce sarsaparilla leaf;
+    One ounce blackberry leaf;
+    One ounce hops.
+
+Infuse in cold water, three quarts, two or three days. Add a pint of
+whisky, and bottle. Dose: A teaspoonful three times a day.
+
+
+                     ALTERATIVE, OR LIVER POWDER.
+
+Take podophyllin and sanguinaria, of each ten grains; leptandrin,
+twenty grains; white sugar, forty grains. Triturate or rub the whole
+well together in a mortar and divide into twenty powders, and take one
+night and morning. If they operate much on the bowels take but one a
+day.
+
+_Uses:_ Valuable in liver complaint, torpidity of the liver, and as an
+alterative to act on the secretions of the system generally. A
+complete substitute for blue pill and free from any danger.
+
+
+                    HEPATIC AND ALTERATIVE POWDER.
+
+Take equal parts, say of each half an ounce, of finely powdered blue
+flag root, bloodroot, May apple root, golden seal root, and
+bitterroot. Mix all together and pass through a fine sieve. Dose: As
+an alterative and to act on the liver and secretions, from two to five
+grains two or three times a day.
+
+
+                      CATHARTIC AND LIVER PILLS.
+
+Take podophyllin, sixty grains; leptandrin and sanguinaria, ipecac and
+pure cayenne, each thirty grains. Make into sixty pills with a little
+soft extract of mandrake or dandelion. This is the best pill that can
+be used as a cathartic and liver pill and to act on the secretions
+generally. As a purgative the dose is from two to four pills for a
+grown person, and as an alterative and substitute for blue mass and to
+act on the liver, one pill once a day or every other day.
+
+
+                         ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILLS.
+
+Take Socotrine aloes, two drams; colocynth, gamboge, rhubarb, and
+castile soap, each one dram; cayenne, thirty grains; oil cloves,
+thirty drops. Make into one hundred and twenty pills with extract of
+gentian or dandelion. Dose: For dyspepsia, inactive liver or
+costiveness, one or two pills once a day; as a cathartic, three to
+five pills at a dose. This is a splendid pill. It cleanses the
+stomach, gives tone and energy to the digestive organs, restores the
+appetite, excites the liver and other secretory organs, without
+causing any debility.
+
+
+                     ANOTHER ANTI-DYSPEPTIC PILL.
+
+Take Quevenne's powdered metallic iron, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty
+grains; extract of nux vomica, one grain. Triturate well in a small
+mortar, so as to mix them perfectly, and make into twenty pills with
+extract of boneset or gentian. Take one pill before each meal. This is
+one of the best anti-dyspeptic pills known.
+
+
+                            DYSPEPTIC LEY.
+
+Take hickory ashes, one pint; soot, three or four ounces; boiling
+water, two quarts. Pour on in a suitable vessel or crock, stir, and
+let stand, over night, then pour off clear and bottle. Dose: Half a
+teacupful three times a day, and if too strong weaken with water until
+palatable. A sure remedy for dyspepsia.
+
+
+                              AGUE PILLS.
+
+Take quinine, twenty grains; piperine, ten grains; Dover's Powder, ten
+grains; cayenne, ten grains. Mix, pulverize, and make into twenty
+pills with a little gum arabic or extract of gentian or boneset. To be
+taken at the rate of one pill an hour when there is no fever, or
+during intermission, until twelve pills are taken, the balance to be
+taken on the third day or next well day. Good as a remedy for the
+chills or fever and ague.
+
+
+          CERTAIN REMEDY FOR THE AGUE OR INTERMITTENT FEVER.
+
+Take quinine, twelve grains; ipecac and cayenne, of each six grains;
+pulverized opium, three grains. Make into twelve pills with
+precipitated extract of Peruvian bark, or if you cannot get this, use
+either extract of dogwood or boneset, sufficient to form into pill
+mass. Two or three pills to be taken every two or three hours, during
+the well day or intermission, till all are taken. A very certain and
+effectual remedy for the ague or intermittent fever.
+
+
+                             FEVER POWDER.
+
+Take finely pulverized gum myrrh, bloodroot, and lobelia seed, or
+ipecac, of each half an ounce; gum camphor and nitre, of each two
+drams. Pulverize, mix, and rub well together in a mortar, and bottle
+for use. Dose: Three to five grains every hour of two during fever.
+Good to allay the excitement, act on the skin and promote
+perspiration; also a good expectorant powder in coughs, colds,
+pneumonia, and oppressed breathing.
+
+
+                              AGUE DROPS.
+
+Take quinine, twenty grains; water, one ounce; sulphuric acid, twenty
+drops. Mix in a vial. Dose: A teaspoonful every hour or every two
+hours during the well day till all is taken. A certain cure for the
+ague, or chills and fever.
+
+
+                         SICK HEADACHE PILLS.
+
+Take Socotrine aloes, gamboge, and castile soap, of each one dram;
+ipecac and scammony, of each thirty grains; oil of anise, thirty
+drops. Make into sixty pills with a little mucilage, gum arabic or
+extract dandelion. Dose: One to three pills. Useful in sick headache,
+habitual costiveness, dizziness, sour stomach, and indigestion, and
+may be used whenever a good vegetable cathartic is needed. For an
+attack of headache, take three pills, and repeat in three hours if the
+first does not operate. Will invariably give relief.
+
+
+                        ANODYNE HEADACHE PILLS.
+
+Take extract of hyoscyamus, thirty grains; extract stramonium, ten
+grains; quinine, twenty grains; morphine, two grains. Mix well and
+make into twenty pills, adding a little powdered liquorice root, or
+any other innocent powder, if necessary, to thicken the mass. The
+pills are one of the best remedies known for nervous headache,
+neuralgia in the face or head, toothache and nervous and neuralgic
+pains in any part of the system, that I have ever used. Dose: One
+pill, for a grown person, and may be repeated every two or three hours
+till relief is obtained. The extract of belladonna may be used instead
+of the stramonium, in the same proportion, with equally good effect.
+
+
+                           RHEUMATIC PILLS.
+
+Take jalap, colchicum seeds, and gum guaiac, of each one dram.
+Pulverize and mix veil, and make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root (or berries). The dose is one or two pills three or four times a
+day. Good in all cases of chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, sciatica, and
+the like.
+
+
+                           ANOTHER FOR SAME.
+
+Take macrotin and pulverized gum guaiac, of each one dram;
+podophyllin, ten grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of poke
+root. Dose: One pill two or three times a day. An excellent pill for
+rheumatism and neuralgia.
+
+
+                         PILLS FOR DYSENTERY.
+
+Take rhubarb, ipecac, and castile soap, each thirty grains; pulverized
+opium, fifteen grains. Make into thirty pills with mucilage, gum
+arabic, or any other suitable substance. Dose: One pill every three to
+six hours for diarrhoea and dysentery. After three or four are taken
+they should not be taken oftener than once in six hours.
+
+
+                           ANOTHER FOR SAME.
+
+Take leptandrin, forty grains; rhubarb, twenty grains; morphine, four
+grains. Mix, and triturate well in a mortar so as to mix perfectly,
+and make into twenty pills with mucilage of gum arabic. Dose: In
+dysentery and diarrhoea, one pill every six to twelve hours. Two or
+three pills are generally sufficient to cure any ordinary case, if
+given during the early stage. They may be relied on in all cases and
+stages of bowel diseases, and especially in dysentery. A second pill
+may be given three hours after the first, a third six hours after the
+second; after that not oftener than once in twelve hours, and never
+more than one pill at a time.
+
+
+                           EPILEPTIC PILLS.
+
+Take sulphate of zinc, sixty grains; rhubarb and ipecac, each thirty
+grains; cayenne, sixty grains. Make into sixty pills with extract of
+hyoscyamus. Dose: One pill night and morning for one week, then leave
+off for a week, and then resume again, and so on every other week. An
+important remedy, and has cured many cases of epileptic fits when
+taken in the early stages.
+
+
+                           PILLS FOR ASTHMA.
+
+Take powdered elecampane root, powdered liquorice root, powdered anise
+seed, and sulphur, of each one dram. Make into ordinary sized pills
+with a sufficient quantity of tar, and take three or four pills at
+night on going to bed. This is an admirable remedy for asthma and
+shortness of breath.
+
+
+                            HYSTERIC PILLS.
+
+Take asafoetida and carbonate of ammonia, of each one dram;
+pulverized opium and macrotin, of each thirty grains. Melt the first
+two articles over the fire, and then stir in the others. Mix well and
+make into sixty pills. Dose: One or two pills, in cases of hysteric
+fits, every two or three hours; also good in female nervous attacks
+and spasmodic affections.
+
+
+                     PILLS FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.
+
+Take pulverized skunk cabbage root, two drams; pulverized extract of
+liquorice, one dram; sanguinaria and macrotin, of each thirty grains.
+Make into large sized pills (say from eighty to one hundred) with a
+sufficient quantity of tar, and take one pill from three to six times
+a day, and continue for several weeks if necessary. One of the best
+remedies known for chronic bronchitis, and what is sometimes called
+"clergyman's sore throat."
+
+
+                         PILLS FOR NEURALGIA.
+
+Hyoscyamus, extract of, one dram; extract of aconite, thirty grains;
+macrotin, twenty grains; morphine, five grains. Make into forty pills,
+thickening the mass, if necessary, with a little powdered liquorice or
+ginger. Dose: One pill every three hours till relief is obtained. Good
+in neuralgia and all severe nervous pains.
+
+
+                        BLEEDING AT THE LUNGS.
+
+Eat freely of raw table salt, or take a teaspoonful three or four
+times a day of equal parts of powdered loaf sugar and rosin, or boil
+an ounce of dried yellow dock root in a pint of milk. Take a cupful
+two or three times a day.
+
+
+                           FOR CONSUMPTION.
+
+Take a teaspoonful of the expressed juice of horehound (the herb) and
+mix it with a gill of new milk. Drink it warm every morning. If
+persevered in it will perform wonders.
+
+
+                             COUGH SYRUP.
+
+Take horehound herb, elecampane root, spikenard root, ginseng root,
+black cohosh, and skunk cabbage root, of each a good-sized handful.
+Bruise and cover with spirits or whisky, and let stand ten days; then
+put all in a suitable vessel, add about four quarts of water and
+simmer slowly over a fire (but don't boil) for twelve hours, or till
+reduced to about three pints, then strain and add one pint of strained
+honey, half a pint each of number six, tincture lobelia, and tincture
+bloodroot (the vinegar or acetic tincture of bloodroot is the best)
+and four ounces of strong essence of anise, and you will have one of
+the best cough syrups known. Dose: A tablespoonful three to six times
+a day, according to circumstances. Good in all kinds of coughs and
+incipient consumption.
+
+
+                        SOOTHING COUGH MIXTURE.
+
+Take mucilage of gum arabic, oil of sweet almonds, syrup of balsam
+tolu, and wine of ipecac, of each one ounce; tincture of opium, half
+an ounce. Dose: For a grown person, one to two teaspoonfuls as often
+as required.
+
+
+                            COUGH MIXTURE.
+
+Take extract of liquorice, one ounce, powdered; nitrate of potash
+(saltpetre) and muriate of ammonia, of each two drams. Dissolve in
+half a pint of boiling water, and when cool add wine of ipecac, syrup
+of balsam tolu, and essence of anise, of each one ounce. Dose: From a
+teaspoonful to a tablespoonful several times a day. An excellent
+remedy for bronchitis, colds, and catarrhal coughs.
+
+
+                         EXPECTORANT TINCTURE.
+
+Take pulverized lobelia (seed or herb), powdered bloodroot, and
+powdered rattleroot (black cohosh), of each three ounces; alcohol and
+good vinegar, of each one pint. Digest for ten days or two weeks, then
+strain or filter and add four ounces each of wine of ipecac and
+tincture balsam of tolu and one ounce strong essence of anise. A
+portion of honey may be added if preferred. Dose: One to two
+teaspoonfuls repeated as often as circumstances require. Highly useful
+as an expectorant in coughs, colds, and all affections of the lungs.
+
+
+                      COMPOUND TINCTURE OF MYRRH.
+
+Take best gum myrrh, eight ounces; cayenne, balsam of fir, and
+nutmegs, of each one ounce; good brandy, two quarts. Bruise the solid
+articles, and let stand two weeks to digest (shake it once or twice
+every day), then strain or filter. Or, it may be made for immediate
+use by putting the whole in a stone jug and placing this in a warm
+sand bath or in a vessel of boiling water for twenty-four hours,
+shaking frequently. Dose: A teaspoonful is an ordinary dose for a
+grown person. Good in colic, pains in the stomach and bowels,
+diarrhoea, headache, sick stomach, and wherever a powerful stimulant
+is indicated. It is also valuable as a wash or external application
+for sprains, bruises, and foul ulcers and old sores. It is a
+preparation that no family should be without.
+
+
+                   SURE REMEDY FOR BOWEL COMPLAINTS.
+
+Take half an ounce bruised turkey rhubarb and half an ounce saleratus,
+steep or simmer slowly for fifteen minutes in a pint of water, strain
+and add a teacupful of white sugar, and heat again to dissolve; then
+add sixty drops oil of peppermint dissolved in one ounce of alcohol.
+Dose: From a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful every hour till relieved.
+An excellent remedy for diarrhoea, dysentery, and especially adapted
+to the bowel complaints of young children.
+
+
+                    CORDIAL FOR SUMMER COMPLAINTS.
+
+Take cloves, allspice, and cinnamon bark, of each half an ounce; white
+oak bark, one ounce. Bruise all, and boil in one quart of water down
+to half a pint; strain, add four ounces white sugar, dissolve by
+melting, then add half as much good brandy as there is of the liquid.
+Dose: One, two or three teaspoonfuls three to six times a day or
+oftener, according to age and urgency of symptoms. An infallible cure
+for cholera infantum, or summer complaints of children, and for all
+bowel complaints.
+
+
+                           SCROFULOUS SYRUP.
+
+Take yellow dock root, two pounds; stillingia root and bark of
+bittersweet root, of each one pound. Boil slowly in three or four
+gallons of water down to three quarts; strain, and add six pounds of
+white sugar. Dose: Half a wineglass three times a day. A valuable
+remedy for scrofula, and all scrofulous skin diseases, as tetter,
+herpes, leprosy, and the like; also a valuable alterative in all
+constitutional diseases.
+
+
+                               EYEWATER.
+
+Take half an ounce each of green tea and lobelia herb, and tincture a
+few days in four ounces of alcohol and water, equal parts. An
+invaluable eyewater for weak eyes and all kinds of sore and inflamed
+eyes. Use it two or three times a day.
+
+
+                       TINCTURE FOR RHEUMATISM.
+
+Take pulverized gum guaiac and allspice, of each four ounces;
+bloodroot, pulverized, two ounces; pearlash, one ounce; fourth proof
+brandy, one quart. Let stand and digest three or four days, shaking it
+two or three times a day. Dose: A teaspoonful three or four times a
+day, in a little milk, syrup or wine. An almost infallible remedy for
+rheumatism.
+
+
+                             WORM ELIXIR.
+
+Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage leaves, and
+tansy leaves, of each half an ounce. Tincture in a pint of brandy for
+two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to once a
+month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms as long
+as you do this.
+
+
+                     DR. JORDAN'S CHOLERA REMEDY.
+
+Take gum guaiac, prickly ash berries (or double as much bark of the
+root), cloves, and cinnamon bark, of each two ounces; gum camphor and
+gum myrrh, of each one ounce; gum kino, half an ounce. Reduce all to a
+coarse powder and add to one quart of best French brandy. Let it stand
+ten days or two weeks to digest, shaking the bottle two or three times
+a day to keep the ingredients from becoming impacted at the bottom;
+then strain and press out, and then take oil anise and oil peppermint,
+of each two drams; alcohol, four ounces. Mix the oils and alcohol
+together in a bottle and shake well till they are cut, then add to the
+former, and it is ready for use. Dose: From one to two teaspoonfuls
+every five, ten, fifteen or thirty minutes, according to the urgency
+of the symptoms. In cholera it should be given frequently, and if
+there are nausea and vomiting small doses are preferable; a single
+teaspoonful every five minutes till urgent symptoms are checked, then
+give it less frequently. It should always be given alone, unmixed with
+anything else. In ordinary diarrhoea, one or two teaspoonfuls taken
+once an hour will be sufficient. It is also an excellent remedy for
+colic and pains in the stomach and bowels, and will generally settle
+the stomach very soon in case of vomiting or nausea. It should always
+be kept in the house. Where it is needed for immediate use, it may be
+made in an hour or less by using alcohol instead of brandy and by
+boiling all in a stone jug, uncorked, by placing the jug in a vessel
+of boiling water, shaking or stirring frequently.
+
+
+                            PILE OINTMENT.
+
+Take say a teacupful of hog's lard, put in a flat or pewter dish, and
+take two bars of lead, flattened a little, and rub the lard with the
+flat ends and between them till it becomes black or of a dark lead
+color. Then burn equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old shoeleather
+in an iron vessel till charred. Powder these and mix into the lard
+till it becomes a thick ointment. Use once or twice a day as an
+ointment for the piles. An infallible cure.
+
+
+                           WARTS AND CORNS.
+
+The bark of the common willow burnt to ashes, mixed with strong
+vinegar and applied to the parts, will remove all warts, corns, and
+other excrescences.
+
+
+                               DEAFNESS.
+
+It is seldom that the power of hearing once entirely lost can ever be
+restored, and not always that even partial deafness can be cured,
+though it may often be relieved. Partial deafness is frequently owing
+to the accumulation and hardening in the ear of the ear wax, which may
+generally be remedied by dropping into the ear such articles as are
+calculated to soften, relax, and stimulate. For this purpose the
+following preparations are recommended as the best:
+
+Take sulphuric ether, one ounce, and add to it one dram pulverized
+carbonate of ammonia. Let it stand a few days to form a solution. If
+it does not all dissolve, pour off carefully the liquid from the
+dregs, and of this liquid drop into the ear once a day from three to
+six drops. The patient should lay his head upon the opposite side at
+the time, and remain in that position a few minutes to allow the
+liquid to penetrate. This preparation is highly recommended, and if
+persevered in will, it is said, overcome almost any partial deafness
+or greatly relieve it.
+
+
+                               ANOTHER.
+
+Take pure olive oil, say one ounce, and half an ounce each of the
+tincture of lobelia and tincture of cayenne. Mix; and from a warm
+teaspoon drop into the ear four to six drops of this twice a day,
+shaking the vial well always before using it. This is relaxing,
+softening, and stimulating, and in all ordinary cases will answer the
+purpose. Turkey oil (or grease) is said to be still better than olive
+oil and may be used instead of it in this preparation. The following
+remedy, long kept a secret, is said to be infallible where it is
+possible for anything to effect a cure:
+
+Take a common eel, remove the skin and intestines, and hang it up
+before the fire and let the oil drip into a pan or vessel. When done
+dripping, bottle the oil, and of this drop into the ear once a day or
+twice a day five or six drops from a warm teaspoon. I have heard
+remarkable accounts of the efficacy of this remedy, and doubt not but
+it is good. I believe it has never been published but once before. The
+secret was obtained with some difficulty from an old negro.
+
+
+                          INVERTED TOE-NAIL.
+
+This is a very troublesome and often painful affection. The edges or
+sides of the nail are disposed to turn down and grow into the flesh,
+giving rise to inflammation, ulceration, and often great pain and
+suffering. The best remedy I have ever known in this difficulty is to
+scrape with some sharp-pointed instrument, as the point of a penknife,
+a sort of groove or gutter in the center of the nail lengthways from
+the root to the end. It must be scraped down to near the quick, or as
+thin as it can be borne. This renders the nail "weak in the back," so
+that it will gradually and ultimately turn up at the sides until the
+edges come above and over the flesh. Continue this as fast as the nail
+grows out and grows thicker, and you will eventually succeed in
+getting the nail in its proper shape and position. It will be proper
+to poultice if there is much inflammation, and also apply healing
+salve. If ulceration, bathe the part also occasionally with tinctures
+aloes, myrrh, and opium, equal parts mixed.--_Gunn's Domestic
+Physician._
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XI.
+
+                       THINGS FOR THE SICK ROOM.
+
+
+Many people are ignorant of what constitutes good, nourishing,
+refreshing food and drink for sick people. The following dishes are
+all palatable and nourishing, and are very refreshing to an invalid.
+Every one should have these recipes for "Things for the sick room":
+
+
+                             BARLEY WATER.
+
+Pearl barley, two ounces; boiling water, two quarts. Boil to one
+quart, and strain. If desirable, a little lemon juice and sugar may be
+added. This may be taken freely in all inflammatory and eruptive
+diseases: measles, scarlet fever, small-pox, etc.
+
+
+                              RICE WATER.
+
+Rice, two ounces; water, two quarts. Boil one hour and a half, and add
+sugar and nutmeg to suit the taste. When milk is added to this it
+makes a very excellent diet for children. Should the bowels be too
+loose, boil the milk before adding.
+
+
+                               SAGE TEA.
+
+Dried leaves of sage, half an ounce; boiling water, one quart. Infuse
+for half an hour, and strain. May add sugar if desired. Balm,
+peppermint, spearmint, and other teas are made in the same way.
+
+
+                     A REFRESHING DRINK IN FEVERS.
+
+Boil one ounce and a half of tamarind, two ounces of stoned raisins,
+and three ounces of cranberries in three pints of water until two
+pints remain. Strain, and add a small piece of fresh lemon peel, which
+must be removed in half an hour.
+
+
+                           ARROWROOT JELLY.
+
+Stir a tablespoonful of arrowroot powders into half a cupful of cold
+water, pour in a pint of boiling water, let it stand five or ten
+minutes and then sweeten and flavor it to suit the taste.
+
+
+                           IRISH MOSS JELLY.
+
+Irish moss, half an ounce; fresh milk, one and a half pints. Boil down
+to one pint. Strain, and add sugar and lemon juice sufficient to give
+it an agreeable flavor.
+
+
+                           ISINGLASS JELLY.
+
+Isinglass, two ounces; water, two pints. Boil to one pint; strain, and
+add one pint milk and one ounce of white sugar. This is excellent for
+persons recovering from sickness, and for children who have bowel
+complaints.
+
+
+                            TAPIOCA JELLY.
+
+Tapioca, two large spoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently for an
+hour, or until it appears like a jelly. Add sugar, wine, and nutmeg,
+with lemon juice to flavor.
+
+
+                              RICE JELLY.
+
+Mix a quarter of a pound of rice, picked and washed, with half a pound
+of loaf sugar and just sufficient water to cover it. Boil until it
+assumes a jellylike appearance; strain, and season to suit the taste
+and condition of the patient.
+
+
+                                GRAPES.
+
+In all cases of fever, very ripe grapes of any kind are a beneficial
+article of diet, acting as both food and drink and possessing soothing
+and cooling qualities. They are also extremely grateful to every
+palate.
+
+
+                                TOAST.
+
+To make a most excellent toast for a reduced or convalescent patient,
+take bread twenty-four or thirty-six hours old, which has been made of
+a mixture of fine wheat flour and Indian meal and a pure yeast batter
+mixed with eggs. Toast it until of a delicate brown, and then (if the
+patient be not inclined to fever) immerse it in boiled milk and
+butter. If the patient be feverish, spread it lightly with cranberry
+jam or calves' foot jelly.
+
+
+                                 RICE.
+
+In all cases where a light and nice diet for patients who have been or
+are afflicted with diarrhoea or dysentery is required, rice, in
+almost any cooked form, is most agreeable and advantageous. It may be
+given with benefit to dyspeptics, unless costiveness accompanies the
+dyspepsia. To make rice pudding, take a teacupful of rice, and as much
+sugar, two quarts of milk, and a teaspoonful of salt. Bake, with a
+moderate heat, for two hours. Rice flour made in a batter and baked
+upon a griddle makes a superb cake; and rice-flour gruel, seasoned to
+the taste, is most excellent for the sick room.
+
+
+                             BREAD JELLY.
+
+Boil a quart of water and let it cool. Take one-third of a common loaf
+of wheat bread, slice it, pare off the crust, and toast it to a light
+brown. Put it in water in a covered vessel and boil gently till you
+find, on putting some in a spoon to cool, the liquid has become a
+jelly. Strain and cool. When used, warm a cupful, sweeten with sugar,
+and add a little grated lemon peel.
+
+
+                              RICE GRUEL.
+
+Ground rice, one heaping tablespoonful; water, one quart. Boil gently
+for twenty minutes, adding, a few minutes before it is done, one
+tablespoonful of ground cinnamon. Strain and sweeten. Wine may be
+added when the case demands it.
+
+
+                             WATER GRUEL.
+
+Oat or corn meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil for ten
+minutes and strain, adding salt and sugar if desired by the patient.
+
+
+                              SAGO GRUEL.
+
+Sago, two tablespoonfuls; water, one pint. Boil gently until it
+thickens; stir frequently. May add wine, sugar, and nutmeg, according
+to taste.
+
+
+                           ARROWROOT GRUEL.
+
+Arrowroot, one tablespoonful; sweet milk and boiling water, each one
+half pint. Sweeten with loaf sugar. This is very good for children
+whose bowels are irritable.
+
+
+                               TAPIOCA.
+
+Tapioca is a very delightful food for invalids. Make an ordinary
+pudding of it, and improve the flavor agreeably to the desire of the
+patient or convalescent by adding raisins, sugar, prunes, lemon juice,
+wine, spices, etc.
+
+
+                             BEEF LIQUID.
+
+When the stomach is very weak, take fresh lean beef, cut it into
+strips and place the strips into a bottle with a little salt; place in
+a kettle of boiling water and let it remain one hour; pour off the
+liquid and add some water. Begin with a small quantity, and use in the
+same manner and under similar circumstances as beef tea. This is even
+more nourishing than beef tea.
+
+
+                               BEEF TEA.
+
+Cut one pound of lean beef into shreds, and boil for twenty minutes in
+one quart of water, being particular to remove the scum as often as
+any rises. When it is cool, strain. This is very nourishing and
+palatable, and is of great value in all cases of extreme debility
+where no inflammatory action exists, or after the inflammation is
+subdued. In very low cases a small teaspoonful may be administered
+every fifteen or twenty minutes, gradually increasing the amount given
+as the powers of life return. In cases of complete prostration, after
+the cessation of long exhausting fever it may be used as directed
+above, either alone or in conjunction with a little wine.
+
+
+                                PANADO.
+
+Put a little water on the fire, with a glass of wine, some sugar, and
+a little grated nutmeg; boil all together a few seconds, and add
+pounded cracker or crumbs of bread, and boil again for a few minutes.
+
+
+                         FRENCH MILK PORRIDGE.
+
+Stir some oatmeal and water together; let the mixture stand to clear,
+and pour off the water. Then put more water to the meal; stir it well,
+and let it stand till the next day. Strain through a fine sieve, and
+boil the water, adding milk while so doing. The proportion of water
+must be small. With toast this is admirable.
+
+
+                             COFFEE MILK.
+
+Put a dessertspoonful of ground coffee into a pint of milk; boil a
+quarter of an hour, with a shaving or two of isinglass; let it stand
+ten minutes, and then pour off.
+
+
+                          RESTORATIVE JELLY.
+
+Take a leg of well-fed pork just as cut up, beat it and break the
+bone; set it over a gentle fire, with three gallons of water and
+simmer to one. Let half an ounce of mace and the same of nutmeg stew
+in it. Strain through a fine sieve. When cold, take off the fat. Give
+a coffee cup of this three times a day, adding salt to the taste. This
+is very valuable in all cases of debility where animal food is
+admissible.
+
+
+                          DRINK IN DYSENTERY.
+
+Sheep's suet, two ounces; milk, one pint; starch, half an ounce. Boil
+gently for thirty minutes. Use as a common drink. This is excellent
+for sustaining the strength in bad cases of dysentery.
+
+
+                             CRUST COFFEE.
+
+Toast slowly a thick piece of bread cut from the outside of a loaf
+until it is well browned, but not blackened; then turn upon it boiling
+water of a sufficient quantity, and keep it from half an hour to an
+hour before using. Be sure that the liquid is of a rich brown color
+before you use it. It is a most excellent drink in all cases of
+sickness.
+
+
+                           CRANBERRY WATER.
+
+Put a teaspoonful of cranberries into a cup of water and mash them. In
+the meantime boil two quarts of water with one large spoonful of corn
+or oat meal and a bit of lemon peel; then add the cranberries and as
+much fine sugar as will leave a smart flavor of the fruit; also a
+wineglassful of sherry. Boil the whole gently for a quarter of an
+hour, then strain.
+
+
+                              WINE WHEY.
+
+Heat a pint of new milk until it boils, at which moment pour in as
+much good wine as will curdle and clarify it. Boil and set it aside
+until the curd subsides. Do not stir it, but pour the whey off
+carefully, and add two pints of boiling water with loaf sugar.
+
+
+                             ORANGE WHEY.
+
+Milk, one pint; the juice of an orange with a portion of the peel.
+Boil the milk, then put the orange into it and let it stand till it
+coagulates. Strain.
+
+
+                             MUSTARD WHEY.
+
+Bruised mustard seed, two tablespoonfuls; milk, one quart. Boil
+together for a few minutes until it coagulates, and strain to separate
+the curd. This is a very useful drink in dropsy. A teacupful may be
+taken at a dose, three times a day.
+
+
+                            CHICKEN BROTH.
+
+Take half a chicken, divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to
+this half a gallon of water, and boil for half an hour. Season with
+salt.
+
+
+                            VEGETABLE SOUP.
+
+Take one potato, one turnip and one onion, with a little celery or
+celery seed. Slice, and boil for an hour in one quart of water. Salt
+to the taste, and pour the whole upon a piece of dry toast. This forms
+a good substitute for animal food and may be used when the latter
+would be improper.
+
+
+                          CALVES'-FOOT JELLY.
+
+Boil two calf's feet in one gallon of water until reduced to one
+quart. Strain, and when cool skim carefully. Add the white of six or
+eight eggs, well beaten; a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar,
+and the juice of four lemons. Mix them well, boil for a few minutes,
+stirring constantly, and pass through a flannel strainer. In some
+cases the wine should be omitted.
+
+
+                          SLIPPERY ELM JELLY.
+
+Take of the flour of slippery elm, one or two tablespoonfuls; cold
+water, one pint. Stir until a jelly is formed. Sweeten with loaf sugar
+or honey. This is excellent for all diseases of the throat, chest, and
+lungs; coughs, colds, bronchitis, inflammation of the lungs, etc. It
+is very nutritious and soothing.
+
+
+                           NUTRITIVE FLUIDS.
+
+Following will be found directions for preparing three nutritious
+fluids, which are of great value in all diseases, either acute or
+chronic, that are attended or followed by prostration; debility,
+whether general or of certain organs only; derangement of the
+digestive organs, weak stomach, indigestion, heartburn or sour
+stomach, constipated bowels, torpidity or want of activity of the
+liver, thin or poor blood. These fluids are highly nutritious,
+supplying to the blood, in such a form that they are most easily
+assimilated, the various elements which are needed to enrich it and
+thus enable it to reproduce the various tissues of the body that have
+been wasted by disease. In cases where the stomach has become so
+weakened and sensitive that the lightest food or drinks cannot be
+taken without causing much uneasiness and distress these fluids are
+invaluable. They strengthen the stomach and neutralize all undue
+acidity, while at the same time they soothe the irritation by their
+bland and demulcent qualities. When carefully and properly prepared,
+according to the directions following, they very nearly resemble rich
+new milk in color and consistency, while their taste is remarkably
+pleasant. Care should be taken that all the ingredients are of the
+best quality. Soft water must be used in all cases. Fresh rain water
+is to be preferred, but spring water may be used if perfectly soft.
+Hard water will cause the fluids to be of a yellow color, and if the
+milk is old they are apt to separate:
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 1.
+
+Put a pint of new milk (the fresher the better) and two pints of soft
+water, in a vessel perfectly free from all greasy matter, over a slow
+fire. Rub two even teaspoonfuls of superfine wheat flour and two
+teaspoonfuls of carbonate of magnesia, together with a little milk,
+into a soft batter, free from lumps; add this to the milk and water as
+soon as they begin to boil. Boil gently for five minutes--_no
+longer_--stirring constantly. Pour into an earthen or glass dish to
+cool, adding at the same time two teaspoonfuls of loaf sugar and one
+teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt, rubbed fine. Stir until
+cold. The fluid must not be allowed to remain in a metallic vessel of
+any kind, and it must be kept in a cool place.
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 2.
+
+Put one pint of fresh milk and two pints of soft water in a vessel
+over a slow fire. Rub together with a little fresh cream into a soft
+batter, free from lumps, one tablespoonful each of good sweet rye
+flour, ground rice, and pure starch; which add to the milk and water
+as soon as they begin to boil. Boil for five minutes, stirring
+constantly. Remove from the fire and add three teaspoonfuls of loaf
+sugar and one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt. Observe
+the same precautions as in No. 1.
+
+
+                             FLUID NO. 3.
+
+Put in a vessel, over a slow fire, one pint of fresh milk and two
+pints of soft water. When they begin to boil, add one tablespoonful of
+wheat flour, two tablespoonfuls of pure starch, and two teaspoonfuls
+of carbonate of magnesia, rubbed, together with a little milk into a
+soft batter, free from lumps. Boil gently for five minutes, stirring
+constantly. Pour into an earthen vessel to cool, and add one
+teaspoonful of the best gum arabic dissolved in a little warm water,
+one teaspoonful each of saleratus and table salt, and one
+tablespoonful of pure strained honey. Stir until cold. The same
+precaution must be observed as in preparing No. 1.
+
+
+                              DIRECTIONS.
+
+One half pint or less of these fluids may be taken at a dose, and at
+least three pints should be taken during the day and the amount
+gradually increased to two or three quarts. Commence with No. 1 and
+use two weeks, then use No. 2 for the same length of time, after which
+No. 3 is to be used for two weeks. Continue their use as long as
+necessary, taking each for two weeks before changing. In all the
+diseases mentioned above, the use of these fluids, in connection with
+proper remedies, will insure a speedy restoration to health.
+
+
+                        GUM ACACIA RESTORATIVE.
+
+Take two ounces of pure white gum arabic (procure the lump, the
+powdered is very apt to be adulterated), pulverize it well, and
+dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat in a gill of water, stirring
+constantly. When it is entirely dissolved, add three tablespoonfuls of
+pure strained honey. Let it remain over the fire until it becomes of
+the consistency of a jelly. The heat must be very gentle, it must not
+boil. If desirable, flavor with lemon or vanilla. This will be found a
+very pleasant article of diet for a weak stomach. When the articles
+used are pure it will be transparent and of a light golden color. This
+will be borne by the weakest stomach when everything else is rejected.
+_It is highly nutritious._
+
+
+                            MALT INFUSION.
+
+Infuse one pint of ground malt for two hours in three pints of
+scalding water. The water should not be brought quite to the boiling
+point. Strain; add sugar, if desired; flavor with lemon juice. This is
+an excellent drink in inflammatory fevers, acute rheumatism, etc.
+
+
+                                 PEAS.
+
+Take young and fresh shelled green peas, wash them clean, put them
+into fresh water, just enough to cover them, and boil them till they
+take up nearly all the water. This dish, if prepared according to
+directions, and eaten warm, will not harm any invalid, not even one
+suffering from diarrhoea.
+
+
+                                 MILK.
+
+In some cases where a milk diet is advisable, owing to the peculiar
+condition of the patient's stomach it will cause distress. This is
+frequently the case where there is undue acidity. In such cases, let
+it be prepared in the following manner and it will be found to set
+well: Take a teacupful of fresh milk, heat nearly to boiling; dissolve
+in it a teaspoonful of loaf sugar; pour into a large sized tumbler,
+and add sufficient plain soda water to fill it. Prepared in the above
+directed manner it will be free from all unpleasant effects.
+
+
+                      SOUPS FOR THE CONVALESCENT.
+
+To extract the strength from meat, long and slow boiling is necessary;
+but care must be taken that the pot is never off the boil. All soups
+should be made the day before they are used, and they should then be
+strained into earthen pans. When soup has jellied in the pan, it
+should not be removed into another. When in danger of not keeping, it
+should be boiled up.
+
+
+                                 EGGS.
+
+In cases of extreme debility, eggs are most excellent. They should
+never be boiled hard. The best way to prepare them is to beat them
+well with milk and sugar. When it will be appropriate to the case, add
+some fine pale sherry wine.
+
+
+                           MILK FOR INFANTS.
+
+Fresh cow's milk, one part; water, two parts; sweeten with a very
+little loaf sugar. When children are raised by hand it is always
+necessary to dilute the milk. As the child advances in age the
+proportion of water stated above may be gradually lessened.
+
+
+                             WATER GRUEL.
+
+Corn or oat meal, two tablespoonfuls; water, one quart. Boil ten or
+fifteen minutes, and strain. Add salt and sugar to suit the taste of
+the patient. This should be used freely during and after the operation
+of cathartic medicines.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XII.
+
+                      THINGS CURIOUS AND USEFUL.
+
+
+                      TO GET CLEAR OF MOSQUITOES.
+
+Take of gum camphor a piece about one-third the size of an egg and
+evaporate it over a lamp or candle, taking care that it does not
+ignite. The smoke will soon fill the room and expel the mosquitoes.
+
+
+                      HOW TO GET RID OF BEDBUGS.
+
+Bedbugs cannot stand hot alum water; indeed, alum seems to be death to
+them in any form. Take two pounds of alum, reduce it to a powder--the
+finer the better--and dissolve it in about four quarts of boiling
+water. Keep the water hot till the alum is all dissolved; then apply
+it hot to every joint, crevice and place about the bedstead, floor,
+skirting or washboard around the room, and every place where the bugs
+are likely to congregate, by means of a brush. A common syringe is an
+excellent thing to use in applying it to the bedstead. Apply the water
+as hot as you can. Apply it freely, and you will hardly be troubled
+any more that season with bugs. Whitewash the ceiling with plenty of
+dissolved alum in the wash, and there will be an end to their dropping
+down from thence on to your bed.
+
+
+               TO OBTAIN FRESH-BLOWN FLOWERS IN WINTER.
+
+Choose some of the most perfect buds of the flowers you would
+preserve, such as are latest in blowing and ready to open. Cut them
+off with a pair off scissors, leaving to each, if possible, apiece of
+stem about three inches long. Cover the end of the stem immediately
+with sealing wax, and when the buds are a little shrunk and wrinkled
+wrap up each of them separately in a piece of paper perfectly clean
+and dry and lock them up in a dry box or drawer, and they will keep
+without corrupting.
+
+In winter or at any time when you would have the flowers blow, take
+the buds at night and cut off the end of the stem sealed with wax and
+put the buds in water wherein a little nitre or salt has been
+diffused, and the next day you will have the pleasure of seeing the
+buds opening and expanding themselves and the flowers display their
+most lively colors and breathe their agreeable odors.
+
+
+                TO INCREASE THE LAYING OF EGGS IN HENS.
+
+Pulverized Cayenne pepper, half an ounce, to be given to one dozen
+hens, mixed with their food every second day.
+
+
+        THE NEW AND BEAUTIFUL ART OF TRANSFERRING ON TO GLASS.
+
+Colored or plain engravings, photographs, lithographs, water colors,
+oil colors, crayons, steel plates, newspaper cuts, mezzotints, pencil,
+writing, show cards, labels, or, in fact, anything.
+
+
+                              DIRECTIONS.
+
+Take glass that is perfectly clear (window glass will answer), clean
+it thoroughly; then varnish it, taking care to have it perfectly
+smooth; place it where it will be perfectly free from dust; let it
+stand over night, then take your engraving, lay it in clear water
+until it is wet through (say ten or fifteen minutes), then lay it upon
+a newspaper, that the moisture may dry from the surface and still keep
+the other side damp. Immediately varnish your glass the second time,
+then place your engraving upon it, pressing it down firmly, so as to
+exclude every particle of air; next, rub the paper from the back until
+it is of uniform thickness, so thin that you can see through it, then
+varnish it the third time and let it dry.
+
+These transferred pictures make lovely ornaments for table, bracket,
+mantel, etc.
+
+
+                   MATERIALS FOR MAKING THE VARNISH.
+
+Take two ounces balsam of fir to one ounce spirits of turpentine.
+Apply with a camel's-hair brush.
+
+
+               TO PREVENT HORSES BEING TEASED BY FLIES.
+
+Boil three handfuls of walnut leaves in three quarts of water; sponge
+the horse (before going out of the stable) between and upon the ears,
+neck, and flank.
+
+
+                 TO PREVENT FLIES LIGHTING ON WINDOWS,
+                        PICTURES, MIRRORS, ETC.
+
+No fly will light on a window or other article which has been washed
+in water in which garlic has been boiled.
+
+
+                     TO MAKE LEATHER WEAR FOREVER.
+
+Let it receive as much neat's-foot oil as it will take. If regularly
+repeated every three months, leather so treated seems to be impervious
+to outward action and will last for years.
+
+
+                      TO RENDER PAPER FIREPROOF.
+
+Whether the paper be plain, written, printed, or even marbled,
+stained, or painted for paper hangings, dip it in a strong solution of
+alum water and thoroughly dry it. In this state it will be fireproof.
+
+
+                     TO PREPARE WATERPROOF BOOTS.
+
+Take three ounces of spermaceti and melt it in an earthen pot over a
+slow fire; add thereto six drains of India rubber cut into slices, and
+after it dissolves add of tallow, eight ounces; amber varnish, four
+ounces. Mix it, and it will be ready for use immediately.
+
+
+                         TO CURE DRUNKENNESS.
+
+Keep the patient for one week freely dosed with figwort. This is a
+sure cure.
+
+
+                           TO CURE LAZINESS.
+
+Give the patient an occasional dose of ferri. The sulphate of ferri is
+the best. It acts on the liver and vital organs, and is a sure cure
+for laziness.
+
+
+             TO EXTRACT THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM ANY FLOWER.
+
+Take any flower you like, which stratify with common salt in a clean
+glazed pot; when filled to the top, cover it well and carry it to the
+cellar; forty days afterwards put a crape over a pan and empty the
+whole to strain the essence from the flowers by pressure. Bottle this
+essence, and expose it for four or five weeks in the sun and dew of
+the evening to purify. One single drop of this essence is enough to
+scent a whole quart of water.
+
+
+                       TO TAKE LEAF PHOTOGRAPHS.
+
+A very pretty amusement, especially for those who have just completed
+the study of botany, is the taking of leaf photographs. One very
+simple process is this: At any druggist's get an ounce of bichromate
+of potassium. Put this into a pint bottle of water. When the solution
+becomes saturated--that is, the water has dissolved as much as it
+will--pour off some of the clear liquid into a shallow dish; on this
+float a piece of ordinary writing paper till it is thoroughly
+moistened, and let it dry in the dark. It should be of a bright yellow
+color. On this put the leaf, under it a piece of black soft cloth and
+several sheets of newspaper. Put these between two pieces of glass
+(all the pieces should be of the same size) and with spring
+clothespins fasten them together. Expose to a bright sun, placing the
+leaf so that the rays will fall upon it as nearly perpendicular as
+possible. In a few moments it will begin to turn brown; but it
+requires from half an hour to several hours to produce a perfect
+print. When it has become dark enough, take it from the frame and put
+it into clear water, which must be changed every few minutes until the
+yellow part becomes white. Sometimes the veinings will be quite
+distinct. By following these directions it is scarcely possible to
+fail, and a little practice will make perfect.
+
+
+                  TO MAKE LAMP WICKS INDESTRUCTIBLE.
+
+Steep common wicks in a concentrated aqueous solution of tungstate of
+soda, and then dry thoroughly in an oven.
+
+
+                 TO MAKE DIFFERENT KINDS OF PERFUMES.
+
+                      BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS.
+
+Deodorized alcohol, one pint; nice white bar soap, four ounces. Shave
+the soap when put in; stand in a warm place till dissolved; then add
+oil of citronella, one dram, and oils of neroli and rosemary, of each
+one-half dram.
+
+
+                             FRANGAPANNI.
+
+Spirits, one gallon; oil of bergamot, one ounce; oil of lemon, one
+ounce: Macerate for four days, frequently shaking; then add water, one
+gallon; orange flower water, one pint; essence of vanilla, two ounces.
+Mix.
+
+
+                             JOCKEY CLUB.
+
+Spirits of wine, five gallons; orange flower water, one gallon; balsam
+of Peru, four ounces; essence of bergamot, eight ounces; essence of
+musk, eight ounces; essence of cloves, four ounces; essence of neroli,
+two ounces. Mix.
+
+
+                              LADY'S OWN.
+
+Spirits of wine, one gallon; otto of roses, twenty drops; essence of
+thyme, one-half ounce; essence of neroli, one-quarter ounce; essence
+of vanilla, one-half ounce; essence of bergamot, one-quarter ounce;
+orange flower water, six ounces. Mix.
+
+
+                              UPPER TEN.
+
+Spirits of wine, four quarts; essence of cedrate, two drams; essence
+violets, one-quarter ounce; essence of neroli, one-half ounce; otto of
+roses, twenty drops; orange flower essence, one ounce; oil of
+rosemary, thirty drops; oils of bergamot and neroli, each one-half
+ounce. Mix.
+
+If you wish to make a small quantity of any of the above perfumes, use
+small quantities of the ingredients, preserving the same proportions.
+
+
+                       TO WRITE SECRET LETTERS.
+
+Put five cents' worth of citrate of potassa in an ounce vial of clear
+cold water. This forms an invisible fluid. Let it dissolve, and you
+can use on paper of any color. Use goose quill in writing. When you
+wish the writing to become visible, hold it to a red-hot stove.
+
+
+                   TO PRESERVE FLOWERS SO THAT THEIR
+                      BEAUTY WILL LAST FOR YEARS.
+
+Make a strong solution of gum arabic, two ounces of the gum to one
+pint of boiling water; shake until dissolved; then take your flowers
+and immerse in the solution, taking care that every part is well wet
+with the solution. When dry, repeat the operation. Do this three
+times. Flowers treated thus will last for years.
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIII.
+
+                           HOME DECORATION.
+
+
+The chief features to be observed in house furnishing are color, form,
+and proportion. All stiffness of design in furniture should be
+avoided. Do not attempt to match articles, but rather carry out the
+same idea as to color and form in the whole. It is not _en regle_ to
+have decorations in sets or pairs; the arrangements should all be done
+with odd pieces. Every room in the house should be arranged for
+occupancy, having nothing too good for use, and the judicious
+housewife will follow a medium course and adopt no extreme of fashion.
+
+The style and arrangement of the furniture should correspond with the
+size of the room, with a due regard to the place a piece of furniture
+or ornament will occupy. The order of arrangement in furnishing is
+subject to individual taste, but the following suggestions may not be
+inappropriate:--
+
+In decorating a dining-room, deep, rich tones should be used; a
+drawingroom or parlor should have bright, cheerful shades; in a
+library use deep, rich colors, which give a sense of worth; a
+sleeping-room should have light, pleasing tints, which give a feeling
+of repose.
+
+
+                               THE HALL.
+
+The hall being the index to the whole house, due care should therefore
+be given to its furnishing. Light colors and gilding should be
+avoided. The wall and ceiling decorations now mostly used are in dark,
+rich colors, shaded in maroons or deep reds. Plain tinted walls and
+ceilings in fresco or wainscot are also frequently used. The latest
+shades of wall paper come in wood colors, dark olive-greens, stone
+color, and grays, in tile, arabesque and landscape designs, and with
+these are used a corresponding dado and frieze.
+
+A tile or inlaid floor is the most appropriate, but if circumstances
+do not admit of one of these, a floor stained a deep wood-brown, base
+board and moldings to correspond, may be substituted; when India
+mattings and rugs may be used.
+
+The colors now in vogue for hall carpets are crimson or Pompeiian
+reds, with small figures of moss-green or peacock-blue. The prevailing
+shades of the walls and floor should be incorporated in the stair
+carpet.
+
+If the hall is narrow, none but the most essential pieces of furniture
+should be used; but if wide enough, there may be a lounge placed
+against one of the walls, an old-fashioned clock of the cuckoo style
+set in a quiet corner, two high-backed chairs upholstered in leather,
+a table, an umbrella-stand placed near the door, a jardiniere filled
+with tropical plants set near the foot of the stairway, and a hall
+mirror with a deer's head and antlers placed above it and a wooden or
+marble slab underneath. The slab should be covered with a Roman scarf,
+allowing a fall of twelve inches at each end. The hatrack must also
+find a place. Family portraits or a few well-selected pictures are
+appropriate for these walls.
+
+If the door-lights are not stained glass, lace shades in designs of
+birds, cupids, and garlands of flowers are used; also, etchings in
+various colors and designs are worked on different fabrics. Crimson
+silk shades lined with black netting are very desirable, as the light
+penetrating through them fills the hall with a rich, subdued glow.
+
+
+                              THE PARLOR.
+
+The furnishing of the parlor should be subject to its architectural
+finish. The first things to be considered are the walls and floor. The
+former may be decorated in fresco or papered, according to individual
+taste and means. The prettiest styles of parlor paper are light tints
+of gray, olive, pearl, and lavender grounds, and in small scroll
+patterns, panels, birds, and vines, finished in heavy gold traceries,
+with dado and frieze to correspond.
+
+The styles of carpet mostly used are Brussels, Wilton, tapestry, and
+Axminster. A tapestry carpet in light canary ground, with clusters of
+lotus, or begonia leaves, makes a charming background to almost all
+the colors generally used in upholstery.
+
+In selecting the furniture, the first thought should be given to its
+true worth. Chairs and couches should be chosen for comfort rather
+than for style. They should be of solid make, easy, graceful, and of
+good, serviceable colors and materials. The most serviceable woods to
+select in frames are ebony, oak, walnut, cherry, and mahogany. These
+frames are finished in different styles--plain, carved, inlaid, and
+gilt--and are upholstered in all shades of satin, plush, rep, silk,
+and damask. These come at prices within the means of a slender purse.
+That slippery abomination in the shape of haircloth furniture should
+be avoided. The latest design in parlor furniture is in the Turkish
+style, the upholstery being made to cover the frame. Rich Oriental
+colors in woolen and silk brocades are mostly used, and the trimmings
+are cord and tassels or heavy fringe.
+
+Formerly the parlor appointments were all in sets or pairs, but this
+fashion is no longer observed, as the most tastefully arranged parlor
+has now no two pieces of furniture alike; but two easy-chairs placed
+opposite each other are never out of place. Here may stand an
+embroidered ottoman, there a quaint little chair, a divan can take
+some central position; a cottage piano, covered with some embroidered
+drapery, may stand at one end of the room, while an ebony or mahogany
+cabinet, with its panel mirrors and quaint brasses, may be placed at
+the other end, its racks and shelves affording an elegant display for
+pretty pieces of bric-a-brac.
+
+Marble-topped center-tables are no longer in use. Tables in inlaid
+woods, or hand-painted, are used for placing books or albums on. A
+small, airy-looking table, elaborately mounted in gilt, may stand near
+a window or wall. The mantel mirror, with its beveled edges and small
+racks arranged on each side, looks very effective when decorated with
+pretty oddities--ferns, grasses, and pieces of old china. A jardiniere
+filled with living plants and placed near a bay window makes an
+elegant ornament. Care should be taken in arranging that the room be
+not over-crowded. There should be a few good pictures or painted
+plaques mounted in plush hung on the walls; a portrait may be placed
+on a common easel and draped with a scarf in old gold or peacock-blue,
+and tiny lambrequins, painted or embroidered, may hang beneath a
+bracket supporting a bust or flower-vase.
+
+An embroidered scarf with fringed ends may be placed on the back of a
+chair or sofa in place of the old lace tidy. A sack made of small
+pieces of bright-colored plush or silk in crazy work may be flung
+across the table, the ends drooping very low. The mantelpiece may be
+covered with a corresponding sash, over which place a small clock as
+centerpiece and arrange ornaments on each side--statuettes, bannerets,
+flower-holders, small Japanese fans, pieces of odd china, painted
+candles in small scenes, may all find a place on the mantel.
+
+Window curtains of heavy fabric, hung from brass or plush mounted
+poles, may be gracefully draped to the sides, while the inner lace
+ones should be hung straight and be fastened in the center with some
+ornament or bow of ribbon corresponding in shade to the general tone
+of the room. The straight shades next to the glass may correspond in
+tone to the outside walls or window-facings; but this is a mere matter
+of taste. White or light-tinted shades, finished in etching or narrow
+lace, are always in vogue.
+
+The dado shades are the latest innovation in window decoration. These
+come in all colors, from the lightest to the darkest shades, with dado
+in tile, arabesque and fresco patterns, finished in lace, fringe, and
+brasses.
+
+Portieres (curtain doors) have superseded folding doors. These should
+be in shades to contrast with the general blending of the colors in
+the room. The fabrics mostly used are India goods, but they may be of
+any material, from expensive tapestries, satins, and plushes, to
+ten-cent factory cottons. The curtains, if made from striped tapestry
+and Turcoman, will give the finishing artistic touches to almost any
+room, but the last softening polish comes only from the genial
+presence of trailing and climbing vines.
+
+
+                           THE SITTING-ROOM.
+
+The sitting or everyday room should be the brightest and most
+attractive room in the house. Its beauty of decoration should not be
+so much in the richness and variety of material as in its comfort,
+simplicity, and the harmony of its tints--the main features being the
+fitness of each article to the needs of the room. In these days of so
+many advantages much can be done in adornment by simple means.
+
+The wall papers mostly used come in grounds of cream, amber, rose,
+pale olive, fawn, ceil blue and light gray, with designs and traceries
+of contrasting hues.
+
+The carpet, if in tapestry, looks more effective if in grounds of pale
+canary or light gray, with designs in bright-colored woodland flowers
+and borders to match. The new ingrain carpets, with their pretty
+designs and bright colors, are very fashionable for rooms that are
+much used.
+
+Whatever may be the prevailing tint of the carpet, the window curtains
+should follow it up in lighter tones or contrast with it. The curtains
+may correspond with the coverings of the chairs, sofa, mantel and
+table draperies in color and fabric. If the furniture is of wicker,
+bamboo or rattan, the curtains should be of Japanese or any kind of
+Oriental goods. Curtains of muslin (either white or tinted),
+gay-colored chintzes, lace or dotted Swiss muslin, looped back with
+bright-toned ribbons, look very pretty and are appropriate for the
+sitting-room at almost any season. That clumsy structure called the
+cornice, for putting up curtains on, has happily given place to the
+more light and graceful curtain pole.
+
+One large table, covered with a pretty embroidered cloth, should be
+placed in some central location for a catch-all. A low divan, with a
+pair of square, soft pillows, may stand in some quiet nook; a rocker,
+handsomely upholstered, with a pretty tidy pinned to its back; a
+large, soft easy-chair; a small sewing-chair placed near a table; and
+a bamboo chair, trimmed with ribbons, will be tastefully arranged in
+the room. Window stands and gypsy tables may be draped with some rich
+fabric, the surrounding valance being caught up in small festoons and
+fastened with bows or tassels, finished around the edge of the table
+with cord or quilted ribbon.
+
+If the furniture is old or in sets it can be covered with different
+patterns in cretonne or chintz, which not only protects the furniture
+but breaks up the monotony and lends a pleasing variety to the room. A
+Turkish chair is a grand accessory to the family room. This may be
+made by buying the frame and having it upholstered in white cotton
+cloth and covering it with a rich shade of cretonne, finishing it with
+cord and fringe.
+
+A foot-rest frame can be made in the same way and covered with a piece
+of homemade embroidery, finishing it off with a cord or narrow gimp
+around the edge. Homemade easels, screens, and pedestals may be made
+out of black walnut, and when stained and draped look exceedingly
+pretty. An old second-hand cabinet may be bought at a trifle, and when
+polished up may be set in a corner on which to display some pieces of
+bric-a-brac.
+
+If the house has no library, the sitting-room is just the place for
+the bookcase.
+
+With house plants in the windows, a room of this character, with
+floods of sunshine, makes a most attractive and comfortable
+living-room.
+
+
+                             THE LIBRARY.
+
+The walls of the library should be hung with rich, dark colors, the
+latest style in wall paper being a black ground with old gold and
+olive-green designs.
+
+The carpet comes in Pompeiian red, with moss-green and peacock-blue
+patterns. Statuary and the best pictures should find a place in the
+library. The library table should be massive and the top laid with
+crimson baize. There should be a few high-backed chairs, upholstered
+in leather, a reading-chair, soft rugs, foot-rests, a mantel mirror, a
+few mantel ornaments, and the _piece de resistance_--the bookcase. In
+large libraries the bookcases are built in the wall. It is quite in
+vogue to hang curtains on rods in front of bookcases instead of doors,
+but we think the old style is the best, inasmuch as the books may be
+seen and the glass doors exclude the dust.
+
+Heavy curtains of raw silk, Turcoman, and canton flannel, with a full
+valance at the top, are used for the window drapery.
+
+
+                               CHAMBERS.
+
+The walls of bedrooms should be decorated in light tints and shadings,
+with a narrow rail and deep frieze. Most housekeepers prefer rugs and
+oiled floors to carpets, but this is a matter of individual taste.
+Rugs are as fashionable as they are wholesome and tidy. These
+floor-coverings should be darker than the furniture, yet blending in
+shade. If carpets are chosen they should be the lightest shades and in
+bright field-flower patterns. Avoid anything dark and somber for the
+sleeping-room. Pink and ceil blue combined are very pretty, scarlet
+and gray, deep red and very light blue. Dark blue with sprays of lily
+of the valley running through it is exceedingly pretty for bedrooms.
+Dark furniture will harmonize with all these colors, but the lighter
+shades are preferable. Cretonnes in pale tints and chintzes in
+harmonizing colors are used for light woods. Square pillows of
+cretonne on a bamboo or wicker lounge are very pretty. Canton matting
+is often used, either plain or in colored patterns.
+
+Formerly the bed-coverings were spotlessly white, but the profluent
+tide of color has included these also. The coverings now in vogue are:
+Nottingham lace, darned net, applique, antique lace, and Swiss muslin.
+These are used over silk and silesia for backgrounds, and are
+exceedingly pretty, with pillow shams to match. Cretonnes, chintzes,
+dimities, and silk in crazy work and South Kensington patterns are
+also used.
+
+Cheese cloth, bunting, Swiss muslin, cretonne, and Swiss curtains are
+used for window drapery. These may be trimmed with the same fabric or
+antique lace. They are hung on poles above the windows and draped back
+with ribbons.
+
+The appointments of a bedroom are a low couch, a large rocker, a small
+sewing-chair, a workbasket, footstools, a toilet table prettily draped
+with muslin, or a dressing-case, brackets for vases, flowerpots, a few
+pictures, small table, hanging shelves for books, etc., and the bed.
+
+The washstand should have a full set of toilet mats, or a large towel
+with a colored border may be laid on it; also, a splasher placed on
+the wall at the back of the stand is very essential. A screen is a
+very desirable part of the bedroom appointments. A rug should be
+placed in front of the bed and dressing-case.
+
+
+                           THE DINING-ROOM.
+
+The dining-room should be furnished with a view to convenience,
+richness, and comfort. Choose deep, rich grounds for the
+walls--bronze-maroon, black, Pompeiian red, and deep olive--and the
+designs and traceries in old gold, olive or moss-green, with dado and
+frieze to correspond. Or, the walls may be wainscoted with oak,
+walnut, maple, etc. Some are finished in plain panels, with different
+kinds of wood; others, again, are elaborately carved, with fruit,
+flowers, and emblems of the chase.
+
+The floor is the next point for consideration. It may be of tile or
+laid in alternate strips of different colored woods, with a border of
+parquetry. Rugs or carpets may be used on these floors or dispensed
+with, according to taste. If a carpet is used, the dark, rich shades
+found in the Persian and Turkish designs should be chosen.
+
+The window drapery should be those deep, rich colors that hold their
+own despite time and use--the pomegranates, rich crimsons, dark blues,
+dull Pompeiian reds, and soft olives. These curtains may be hung on
+poles, and should fall in heavy folds to the floor, then looped back
+with a wide embroidered dado.
+
+Screens of stained glass are now used in the windows. They are both
+useful and ornamental, for they exclude the strong rays of the sun,
+and the light filtering through them beautifies the room with its many
+mellow hues.
+
+Dark wood should be used for the furniture. The chairs should be
+chosen in square, solid styles, and upholstered in embossed or plain
+leather, with an abundance of brass or silver headed nails which are
+used for upholstering leather and add much to the substantial
+appearance of the articles.
+
+The dining-table should be low, square or bevel cornered, heavily
+carved, and when not in use should be covered with a cloth
+corresponding in shade to the window drapery.
+
+A buffet may stand in one corner for the display of ceramics or
+decorated china. The sideboard should be of high, massive style, with
+shelves and racks for glassware and pieces of china.
+
+A few pictures--two or three fruit pieces and one or two plaques of
+still life--are appropriate.
+
+A case of stuffed birds, a few large pots of tropical plants, and a
+fernery are in keeping with the dining-room appointments. A three-leaf
+folding Japanese screen should not be forgotten; also, a lamp shade of
+antique lace, lined with crimson silk, is very desirable.
+
+
+                             THE KITCHEN.
+
+It is a remark too often made that this or that "is good enough for a
+servant." If all knew that unpleasant surroundings made unpleasant
+servants and ill-prepared meals, we think more pains would be taken to
+have pleasant and comfortable kitchens. There should be a pleasant
+window or two through which fresh air and floods of sunlight may come,
+a few plants on the window sill, a small stand for a workbasket, an
+easy-chair that the servant may "drop into" when an opportunity
+offers, the walls painted or calcimined with some cheerful tint, and a
+general air of comfort pervading the whole kitchen.--_The Popular Art
+Instructor._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XIV.
+
+                                FLORAL.
+
+
+                     HOW TO CARE FOR HOUSE PLANTS.
+
+Plants that require a high or low temperature or a very moist
+atmosphere and plants that bloom only in summer are undesirable.
+Procure fresh sandy loam, with an equal mixture of well-rotted turf,
+leaf mold, and cow-yard manure, with a small quantity of soot. In
+repotting plants use one size larger than they were grown in.
+Hard-burned or glazed pots prevent the circulation of air. Secure
+drainage by broken crockery and pebbles laid in the bottom of the pot.
+An abundance of light is important, and when this cannot be given it
+is useless to attempt the culture of flowering plants. If possible
+they should have the morning sun, as one hour of sunshine then is
+worth two in the afternoon. Fresh air is also essential, but cold,
+chilling drafts should be avoided. Water from one to three times a
+week with soft, lukewarm water, draining off all not absorbed by the
+earth.
+
+
+                             DO NOT PERMIT
+
+water to stand in the saucers, as the only plant thriving under such
+treatment is the calla lily; and even for these it is not necessary,
+unless while blooming. Dust is a great obstacle to the growth of
+plants. A good showering will generally remove it, but all the
+smooth-faced plants (such as camellias, ivies, etc.) should be
+carefully sponged so as to keep the foliage clean and healthy.
+
+
+                          PLANTS SUCCEED BEST
+
+in an even temperature, ranging from sixty to seventy degrees during
+the day and from ten to twelve degrees lower at night. If troubled
+with insects, put them under a box or barrel and smoke from thirty to
+sixty minutes with tobacco leaves.
+
+
+                          FOR THE RED SPIDER
+
+the best remedy is to lay the plants on the side and sprinkle well or
+shower. Repeat if necessary. If manures are used, give in a liquid
+form.
+
+Some of the plants most suitable for parlor culture are: Pelargoniums,
+geraniums, fuchsias, palms, begonias, monthly roses, camellias,
+azaleas, oranges, lemons, Chinese and English primroses, abutilons,
+narcissus, heliotrope, petunias, and the gorgeous flowering plant,
+_Poinsettia pulcherrima_. Camellias and azaleas require a cooler
+temperature than most plants, and the Poinsettia a higher temperature.
+Do not sprinkle the foliage of the camellia while the flower buds are
+swelling or it will cause them to droop, nor sprinkle them in the
+sunshine. They should have a temperature of about forty degrees and
+more shade. By following these rules, healthy flowering plants will be
+the result.
+
+A good way
+
+
+                            TO START SLIPS
+
+is to partly break off the slip (but do not entirely sever it from the
+parent stock), leaving it hanging for ten or twelve days; then remove
+and plant in a box of half sand and half leaf mold and it will be well
+rooted in a week. Do not water too freely or the slip will rot.
+
+If house plants are watered once a week with water in which is mixed a
+few drops of ammonia they will thrive much better. Sometimes small
+white worms are found in the earth--lime water will kill them. Stir up
+the soil before pouring it on, to expose as many as possible. For
+running vines, burn beef bones and mix with the earth.
+
+
+                TO KEEP PLANTS WITHOUT A FIRE AT NIGHT.
+
+Have made, of wood or zinc, a tray about four inches deep with a
+handle on either end, water-tight. Paint it outside and in, put in
+each corner a post as high as the tallest of your plants, and it is
+ready for use. Arrange your flowerpots in it and fill between them
+with sawdust. This absorbs the moisture falling from the plants when
+you water them and retains the warmth acquired during the day, keeping
+the temperature of the roots even. When you retire at night spread
+over the posts a blanket or shawl, and there is no danger of freezing.
+
+
+                       SURE SHOT FOR ROSE-SLUGS.
+
+Make a tea of tobacco stems and a soapsuds of whale oil or carbolic
+soap; mix and apply to the bush with a sprinkler, turning the bush so
+as to wet the under as well as the upper part of the leaves. Apply,
+before the sun is up, three or four times.
+
+
+                  TO PREPARE AUTUMN LEAVES AND FERNS.
+
+Immediately after gathering take a moderately warm iron, smear it well
+with white wax, rub over each surface of the leaf once, applying more
+wax for each leaf. This process causes leaves to roll about as when
+hanging on the trees. If pressed more they become brittle and remain
+perfectly flat. Maple and oak are among the most desirable, and may be
+gathered any time after the severe frosts; but the sumac and ivy must
+be secured as soon after the first slight frost as they become tinted
+or the leaflets will fall from the stem. Ferns may be selected any
+time during the season. A large book must be used in gathering them,
+as they will be spoiled for pressing if carried in the hand. A weight
+should be placed on them until they are perfectly dry; then, excepting
+the most delicate ones, it will be well to press them like the leaves,
+as they are liable to curl when placed in a warm atmosphere. These
+will form beautiful combinations with the sumac and ivy.
+
+
+                      TO PREPARE SKELETON LEAVES.
+
+When properly prepared, skeleton leaves form a companion to the
+scrapbook or collection of pressed ferns, fronds, etc. This is a
+tedious operation and requires skill and great patience to obtain
+satisfactory results. Some leaves are easier to dissect and make
+better specimens than others, and, as a rule, a hard, thin leaf should
+be chosen; that is, when a special variety is not required.
+
+Among those which are skeletonized most successfully are the English
+ivy, box elder, willow, grape, pear, rose, etc. They should be
+gathered during the month of June, or as soon as the leaf is fully
+developed. The leaves should be immersed in a vessel of rain water and
+allowed to remain till decomposed. When this takes place, press the
+leaf between pieces of soft flannel, and the film will adhere to the
+flannel, leaving a perfect network. Dry off gradually and clean the
+specimen with a soft hair pencil. Place between folds of soft blotting
+paper, and when perfectly dry place in your collection.
+
+
+                         TO BLEACH THE LEAVES,
+
+dissolve one half pound of chloride of lime in three pints of rain
+water, strain, and use one part of the solution to one of water. For
+ferns, use the solution full strength. When perfectly white remove to
+clear water, let stand for several hours, changing water two or three
+times, float out on paper, and press between blotting paper in books.
+
+In mounting use mucilage made of five parts gum arabic, three parts
+white sugar, two parts starch, and very little water; boil and stir
+till thick and white.
+
+
+                           HANGING BASKETS.
+
+A correspondent of the _Gardener's Monthly_ tells of a new style of
+hanging basket made of round maple sticks about one inch in diameter,
+eight inches in length at the bottom, increasing to fourteen at the
+top. In constructing, begin at the bottom and build up, log-cabin
+fashion; chink the openings with green moss and line the whole basket
+with the same. These are easily kept moist, and the plants droop and
+twine over them very gracefully. A good way to keep the earth moist in
+a hanging basket without the trouble of taking it down is to fill a
+bottle with water and put in two pieces of yarn, leaving one end
+outside. Suspend the bottle just above the basket and allow the water
+to drip. This will keep the earth moist enough for winter and save a
+great deal of time and labor. Plant morning glory seeds in hanging
+baskets in winter; they grow rapidly and are very pretty.--_Buckeye._
+
+
+
+
+                              CHAPTER XV.
+
+                             THE LAUNDRY.
+
+            TELLING OF A GREAT MANY USEFUL AND LABOR-SAVING
+                      PRACTICES FOR THE LAUNDRY.
+
+
+                        TO MAKE WASHING FLUID.
+
+Bring to a boil one pound of sal soda, half a pound of unslaked lime,
+a small lump of borax, and five quarts of water. Let cool, pour off,
+and bottle. Use one teacupful to a boiler of clothes. This is
+superior.
+
+
+                              GALL SOAP.
+
+For washing woolens, silks, or fine prints liable to fade. One pint
+beefs gall, two pounds common bar soap cut fine, one quart boiling
+soft water; boil slowly, stirring occasionally until well mixed. Pour
+into a flat vessel, and when cold cut into pieces to dry.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT SCORCH.
+
+If a shirt bosom or any other article has been scorched in ironing,
+lay it where bright sunshine will fall directly on it. It will
+entirely remove it.
+
+
+                                BLUING.
+
+Take one ounce of Prussian blue, one-half ounce of oxalic acid;
+dissolve in one quart of perfectly soft rain water. Insert a quill
+through the cork of the bluing bottle to prevent waste or putting too
+much in clothes and you will be pleased with the result. One or two
+tablespoons of it is sufficient for a tub of water, according to the
+size of the tub. Chinese blue is the best and costs twelve and a half
+cents an ounce, and the acid will cost three cents.
+
+
+                            COFFEE STARCH.
+
+Make a paste of two tablespoons best starch and cold water; when
+smooth stir in a pint of perfectly clear coffee, boiling hot; boil
+five or ten minutes. Stir with a spermaceti or wax candle. Strain and
+use for all dark calicoes, percales, and muslins.
+
+
+                             FLOUR STARCH.
+
+Have a clean pan or kettle on stove with one quart boiling water, into
+which stir three heaping tablespoons flour, previously mixed smooth in
+a little cold water; stir steadily until it boils and thereafter
+enough to keep from burning. Boil about five minutes, and strain,
+while hot, through a crash towel. The above quantity is enough for one
+dress, and will make it nice and stiff.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE FINE STARCH.
+
+Wet the starch smooth in a little cold water in a large tin pan, pour
+on a quart of boiling water to two or three tablespoons of starch,
+stirring rapidly all the while; place on stove, stir until it boils
+and then occasionally. Boil from five to fifteen minutes, or until the
+starch is perfectly clear. Some add a little salt or butter or pure
+lard or stir with a sperm candle; others add a teaspoon of kerosene to
+one quart of starch. This prevents the stickiness sometimes so
+annoying in ironing.
+
+Cold starch is made from starch dissolved in cold water, being careful
+not to have it too thick. Since it rots the clothes, it is not
+advisable to use it.
+
+
+                       ENAMEL FOR SHIRT BOSOMS.
+
+Melt together, with a gentle heat, one ounce white wax and two ounces
+spermaceti. Prepare in the usual way a sufficient quantity of starch
+for a dozen shirt bosoms, put into it a piece of this enamel the size
+of a hazelnut. This will give your clothes a beautiful polish.
+
+
+                TO CLEAN ARTICLES MADE OF WHITE ZEPHYR.
+
+Rub in flour or magnesia, changing often. Shake off and hang in the
+open air a short time.
+
+
+                         HOW TO CLEAN VELVET.
+
+Invert a hot flatiron, place over it a single thickness of wet cotton
+cloth, lay on this the velvet (wrong side next the wet cloth), rub
+gently with a dry cloth until the pile is well raised, take off the
+iron, lay on a table, and brush it with a soft brush or cloth.
+
+
+                           TO CLEAN RIBBONS.
+
+Dissolve white soap in boiling water; when cool enough to bear the
+hand, pass the ribbons through it, rubbing gently, so as not to injure
+the texture; rinse through lukewarm water and pin on a board to dry.
+If the colors are bright yellow, maroon, crimson or scarlet, add a few
+drops of oil of vitriol to the rinse water; if the color is bright
+scarlet, add to the rinse water a few drops of muriate of tin.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT PAINT.
+
+Equal parts of ammonia and spirits of turpentine will take paint out
+of clothing. Saturate the spot two or three times, and then wash out
+in soapsuds.
+
+
+                         TO REMOVE INK STAIN.
+
+Immediately saturate with milk, soak it up with a rag, apply more, rub
+well, and in a few minutes the ink will disappear.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE GREASE OUT
+
+of silk, woolens, paper, floors, etc., grate chalk thick over the
+spot, cover with brown paper, set on it a hot flatiron and let it
+remain until cool; repeat if necessary. The iron must not be so hot as
+to burn paper or cloth.
+
+
+                             FRUIT STAINS.
+
+Colored cottons or woolens stained with wine or fruit should be wet in
+alcohol and ammonia, then sponged off gently (not rubbed) with
+alcohol; after that, if the material will warrant it, washed in tepid
+soapsuds. Silk may be wet with this preparation when injured by these
+stains.
+
+
+                         TO REMOVE IRON RUST.
+
+While rinsing clothes, take such as have spots of iron, wring out, dip
+a wet finger in oxalic acid and rub on the spot, then dip in salt and
+rub on and hold on a warm flatiron, and the spot will immediately
+disappear; rinse again, rubbing the place a little with the hands.
+
+
+                          TO TAKE OUT MILDEW.
+
+Wet the cloth and rub on soap and chalk, mixed together, and lay in
+the sun; or, lay the cloth in buttermilk for a short time, take out
+and place in the hot sun; or, put lemon juice on and treat in the same
+way.
+
+
+                         TO WASH WOOLEN GOODS.
+
+Many woolen goods, such as light-colored, heavy sacques, nubias, etc.,
+may be washed in cold suds and rinsed in cold water. The garments
+should be well shaken out and pulled into shape.
+
+
+                   TO WASH FLANNELS IN TEPID WATER.
+
+The usefulness of liquid ammonia is not as universally known among
+housewives as it deserves to be. If you add some of it to a soapsuds
+made of a mild soap it will prevent the flannel from becoming yellow
+or shrinking. It is the potash and soda combined in sharp soap which
+tend to color animal fibers yellow; the shrinking may be partially due
+to this agency, but above all to the exposure of the flannel while wet
+to the extremes of low and high temperature. Dipping it in boiling
+water or leaving it out in the rain will also cause it to shrink and
+become hard. To preserve their softness, flannels should be washed in
+tepid suds, rinsed in tepid water, and dried rapidly at a moderate
+heat.--_Buckeye._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVI.
+
+        HOW TO DO YOUR OWN STAMPING AND MAKE YOUR OWN PATTERNS.
+
+
+In the following chapter are given full instructions for dry and wet
+stamping, explaining how to make stamping powder, how to mix white
+paint for stamping dark goods and black paint for stamping light
+goods.
+
+The articles necessary are a sheet of writing paper and a piece of
+transfer paper. The transfer paper can be made by rubbing white paper
+with a composition consisting of two ounces of tallow, one-half ounce
+powdered blacklead, one-quarter pint linseed oil, and sufficient
+lampblack to make it of the consistency of cream. These should be
+melted together and rubbed on the paper while hot. When dry it will be
+fit for use.
+
+In order to make a perforated pattern of any engraving, procure a
+piece of writing paper larger than the design to be traced and put a
+piece of transfer paper on the writing paper, then place both sheets
+directly under the engraving and pin the three sheets together at one
+end, having the transfer paper between and dark side facing the
+writing paper. You then take a quill with a fine point (a knitting
+needle will do nicely) and without leaning too hard go over all the
+outline of the engraving. You must be careful not to press your
+fingers on the engraving, as this would cause a deposit of powder the
+same color as the transferring paper on the writing paper. Now remove
+the transfer paper and you have the design accurately traced and the
+pattern is ready to be perforated. Lay a couple of folds of velvet or
+felt on the table, place the pattern on this, and with a needle of
+medium size or tracing-wheel prick out the pattern, being careful to
+follow the outline closely and make the perforations quite close.
+
+
+                  MECHANICAL ENLARGEMENT OF DESIGNS.
+
+The simplest way is to enlarge by the eye, as the artists do. One
+method is to divide the whole design into squares and rule off the
+paper to be enlarged in corresponding squares of larger size. Each
+portion within the square is then exactly reproduced, copying the
+portion in the smaller square. For embroidery designs especially we
+should think this would be very good.
+
+
+                             DRY STAMPING.
+
+This is done by a process known as pouncing. The process is as
+follows: Place the pattern (rough side up) on the material to be
+stamped, placing heavy weights on the corner to keep it from slipping;
+then rub the powder over the perforations with the pouncet or
+distributor described below till the pattern is clearly marked on the
+material. This can be ascertained by lifting one corner of the pattern
+slightly. Then remove the pattern carefully, lay a piece of thin paper
+over the stamping and pass a hot iron over it. This melts the gum in
+the powder and fastens the pattern to the material. The iron should be
+as hot as possible without scorching the cloth. Should the heat change
+the color of the material, iron it all over. Do not do any stamping by
+this process on a hot or damp day if it can be avoided. Keep the
+powder in a cool, dry place. In stamping with light-colored powder,
+the best way to fasten it is to hold the back of the cloth against the
+stovepipe or the face of the iron. French stamping is better, however,
+for all dark materials. To take the powder up on the distributor, have
+a tin plate with a piece of woolen cloth glued on the bottom, sprinkle
+a little powder on the cloth, and rub the distributor over it, taking
+care to shake off all the powder you can--enough will remain to stamp
+the pattern clearly.
+
+
+                        TO MAKE A DISTRIBUTOR.
+
+Take a strip of fine felt almost an inch wide (a strip from an old
+felt hat is as good as anything), roll it up tightly into a roll,
+leaving the end flat, and rub the end over a piece of sand paper to
+make it smooth and even.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE BLUE POWDER.
+
+Take equal parts of gum damar and white rosin and just enough Persian
+blue to color it. Mix well together.
+
+Other colors are made the same, using for coloring chrome yellow (for
+light-colored powder), burnt sienna, lampblack, etc. Black powder is
+improved by adding a little blue to it.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE WHITE POWDER.
+
+Take one ounce white lead; half ounce gum arabic, in the impalpable
+powder; half ounce white rosin, in the fine powder. All well mixed.
+
+
+                      SUPERIOR DARK BLUE POWDER.
+
+One ounce white rosin; one half ounce gum sandarac; one half ounce
+Prussian blue, in fine powder. Mix all thoroughly.
+
+
+                      FRENCH INDELIBLE STAMPING.
+
+This is the best process for all dark materials; in fact, this and the
+blue powder are all that will ever be needed. By this process a kind
+of paint is used instead of powder, and a brush instead of a pouncet.
+Place the pattern on the cloth, smooth side up if you can (though
+either side will work well), weight the pattern down as in stamping.
+Rub the paint evenly over the perforations, and it will leave the
+lines clean, sharp and distinct. After the stamping is done, the
+pattern must be cleaned immediately. This is done by placing the
+pattern on the table and turning benzine or naphtha over it to cut the
+paint and then wiping the pattern dry on both sides with an old cloth,
+or, better still, with common waste--such as machinists use to clean
+machinery; this is cheap and absorbs the paint and naphtha quickly.
+Hold the pattern up to the light to see if the holes are all clear; if
+they are not, wash it the second time. Do not use the pattern for
+powder immediately after it has been washed; let it dry a short time,
+otherwise the moistened gum will clog the perforations.
+
+
+                          TO MAKE THE PAINT.
+
+Take zinc white, mix it with boiled oil to about the thickness of
+cream, add a little drying, such as painters use. Keep in a tin pail
+(one holding about a pint is a good size); have a piece of board cut
+round, with a screw in the center for a handle, to fit _loosely_ into
+the pail; drop this on the paint and it will keep it from drying up.
+Add a little oil occasionally to keep the paint from growing too
+thick, and it will always be ready for use.
+
+
+                              THE BRUSH.
+
+Take a fine stencil brush (or any brush with a square end), wind it
+tightly with a string from the handle down to within one half inch of
+the end; this will make it just stiff enough to distribute the paint
+well. Keep the brush in water, to keep it from drying up, taking care
+to wipe off the water before using.
+
+
+                         THE CARE OF PATTERNS.
+
+New patterns, before being used, should be rubbed over on the rough
+side with a smooth piece of pumice stone; this wears off the burr and
+makes the stamping come out cleaner and finer. When patterns are so
+large that they have to be folded, iron out the creases before using
+them. After using the patterns for powder stamping, snap the pattern
+to shake the powder from the perforations. After using the patterns
+for paint stamping they should be washed thoroughly with naphtha until
+the perforations are all perfectly clear. Keep the naphtha away from
+the fire. After the pattern has been washed, do not use it for powder
+until it has had time to thoroughly dry, otherwise it will gum up the
+holes and spoil the pattern.
+
+If these directions are carefully followed the stamping will always be
+satisfactory.--_Popular Art Instructor._
+
+
+
+
+                             CHAPTER XVII.
+
+                             BRONZE WORK.
+
+
+Bronzing is the latest improvement in waxwork, and if properly made
+cannot be detected from the most expensive artistic bronze. It answers
+for table, mantel, and bracket ornaments, and may be exposed to dust
+and air without sustaining the slightest injury. It can be dusted with
+a feather duster like any piece of furniture, and is a very desirable
+and inexpensive ornament.
+
+The colors required in bronze are: Silver bronze, gold bronze, copper
+bronze, fire bronze, and green bronze.
+
+
+                  THE ART OF MAKING A VASE IN BRONZE.
+
+For instruction, let us take a vase to be finished in copper bronze.
+First the vase must be molded. The casting material is one part wax,
+one part spermaceti, two parts mutton tallow. Melt the three articles
+together and color with burnt umber. Have a coil of fine hair wire,
+cut into one-half inch lengths, and when the mixture is melted to the
+consistency of thick cream stir in the cut wire by degrees until there
+is a sprinkling of it throughout the mixture; then pour into the
+elastic mold and let stand till perfectly cold and solid; then loosen
+the sections of the mold and take it out. Should any of the ends of
+the wire project, they can be cut with a pair of sharp scissors. Trim
+the seams caused by the sections of the mold; then take a piece of
+soft flannel cloth, dip it in the refined spirits of turpentine and
+polish the vase with it, after which it is ready for bronzing.
+
+Take copper bronze No. 4000, and with the tinting brush bronze the
+vase evenly, and polish it with a soft piece of white silk. Now take
+another brush and with copper bronze No. 6000 give it the last coat
+The vase is now ready for draping. The most simple drapery is an ivy
+vine. Take an embossed ivy leaf (or embossed muslin leaves, as they
+are named), lay a fine wire along its midrib, leaving two or three
+inches of wire for stem; cover the leaf with brown sheet wax, press
+them together well with the finger and thumb to make the wax adhere to
+the leaf, get the impression, and hold the wire firmly; then lay
+another piece of wax on the under side, press the edges together and
+cut away the superfluous wax, leaving the edge plain (the ivy leaf is
+not serrated), cover the wire stem with wax and the leaf is ready for
+bronzing. Rub both sides with turpentine, give one coat of bronze No.
+4000, then the last coat of bronze No. 6000. When all the leaves are
+finished, weave them into a spray, grading them from large to small
+till the end of the vine is reached, then bronze and drape around the
+vase in an easy, natural way.
+
+The natural fall leaves, pressed, make pretty draperies for these
+kinds of vases. Sprays of mixed leaves, oak leaves and acorns, small
+maple leaves, the holly leaf and berry, mixed ivy and fern leaves, and
+many other kinds of leaves and vines are equally pretty.
+
+
+                 THE ART OF MAKING A MOTTO IN BRONZE.
+
+Take a box frame of the ordinary motto-frame size (gilt face) and line
+it with either crimson or royal purple velvet, and it is ready for any
+design. The word "Welcome" is the simplest to begin with. Take a thick
+blotting pad, lay it on a table, rub some arrowroot or rice power over
+its upper surface, and lay a sheet of either calla or pond lily wax,
+_extra thick_, on this powdered surface. Select the style of letter
+preferred; German text is very appropriate for the motto "Welcome."
+Cut the pattern letters out in pasteboard, or any kind of thick paper,
+if tin letter-cutters are not convenient.
+
+Begin with the letter W. Lay it on the sheet of wax and cut out the
+waxen letter after the pattern with a penknife previously dipped in
+water. Next cut the E, and so on till the seven letters are cut out,
+care being taken to powder the blotter every time a new sheet of wax
+is laid on. Lay the back of the box on the table, having melted glue
+ready, and with a camel's-hair brush apply a small portion of it to
+the back of each letter as it is set in its relative position,
+pressing it gently against the velvet with the palm of the hand. The
+letters should be set an inch apart, and when all on the frame should
+be set away until the glue is thoroughly dry and the waxen letters
+adhere firmly to the velvet, then they are ready for ornamenting. This
+is done in various ways, and all depends on the artist's taste, but a
+few suggestions may not be amiss.
+
+Take a two-inch fern-cutter and cut the ferns out of double sheet wax;
+then bronze them as directed on both sides, either with gold or silver
+bronze. Begin with draping the letter W. Take the stem end of the fern
+leaf and with the bead end of the curling-pin fasten it to the lower
+side of the letter; then turn it over and fasten it down in the
+middle, letting the point turn outward. Set the ferns on the letters
+in such a way as not to obscure their form, _i. e._, the form of the
+letters. If the motto is made in white wax it should be frosted with
+diamond dust.
+
+A pretty style of motto is clasped hands in the center, of pure white
+wax, surrounded with sprays of fine flowers and buds, finished in fire
+bronze.
+
+Another style of motto is a vase in the center, from which vines in
+different colors of bronze run. Green, fire, and copper bronzing
+should have a light background; silver and gold bronzing should have a
+dark background.
+
+
+             THE ART OF MAKING A FLORAL BASKET IN BRONZE.
+
+Take a medium-sized basket (chip or any solid substance), brush it
+with glue on the inside, fill it with moss, and set it away to dry
+till the moss is stuck to the basket. The moss should be raised in the
+center in the form of a mound. Have the wax sheeted in carmine. Make
+the center of the basket in roses, rosebuds, and carnations, as they
+are the most durable. Mold the petals over the embossed muslin petals
+and bronze them with fire bronze--Nos. 4000 and 6000--as previously
+directed. Drape the basket and the handle in smilax, having the wax
+for the smilax sheeted in chrome green; then mold over the embossed
+muslin leaves, bronze in green bronze, and drape loosely. Such a
+basket makes a pretty table ornament.
+
+
+                       DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING.
+
+All kinds of ornaments may be made in bronze--small animals, fish,
+shells, birds, statuary, etc. The mixture for casts should be the same
+shade as the bronze used.
+
+Fish may be bronzed in silver, gold, and copper bronze; shells in
+silver, copper, gold, and some may be tinted with fire bronze on the
+exterior of the shell, but the interior of almost all shells must be
+tinted with paint; dogs in zinc, silver, and copper; birds in almost
+any shade.
+
+
+                        GREEN BRONZE STATUARY.
+
+Prepare the mixture in chrome green No. 1. A little rosin may be added
+and a thick sprinkling of cut wire. Trim the object and rub with
+spirits of turpentine, then apply the green bronze--the two numbers,
+as directed.
+
+
+                        COPPER BRONZE STATUARY.
+
+Prepare the mixture in burnt umber and proceed as directed.
+
+
+                         BRONZING STATUETTES.
+
+Statuettes, or any object in plaster of Paris, may be made to resemble
+bronze by first rendering the plaster nonabsorbent with drying linseed
+oil and then painting it with a varnish made by grinding waste gold
+leaf with honey or gum water.
+
+Another method is by first painting the article, after it has been
+rendered nonabsorbent, of a dark color made of Prussian blue, yellow
+ochre, and verditer, ground in oil. Before this becomes quite dry,
+bronze powder of several colors should be dusted on those most
+prominent parts which may be supposed to have worn bright. Plaster
+casts may also be made to resemble bronze to a certain extent by
+merely brushing them over with graphite, which is a brilliant
+blacklead.
+
+
+               METHOD OF MAKING EMBOSSED MUSLIN LEAVES.
+
+Take a piece of green muslin or calico and size it well with
+isinglass, then take the natural leaf, lay the sized piece of muslin
+over it on the under or veined side of the leaf, let the muslin remain
+on it till almost dry and the impression is set; then with a pair of
+sharp scissors cut the muslin around the leaf, either plain or
+serrated.
+
+The impression may be taken of any leaf or flower in this way. The use
+of muslin leaves tends to make the work more durable and is found very
+convenient for the artist.
+
+
+                   THE ART OF MAKING EXOTIC LEAVES.
+
+The begonia rex makes a beautiful parlor plant. Five or seven leaves
+make a nice-sized plant: Select five or seven healthy begonia leaves
+of different sizes, as no two leaves of the rex are of one size on the
+same plant. Cut the leaves closely off the stem and immerse them in a
+solution of cold water and castile soap. Leave them in this twelve
+hours before using. Melt the wax to the consistency of cream, in
+chrome green, permanent green, dark olive-green, and verdigris-green.
+Now take a leaf out of the soapsuds and lay it on a marble slab,
+keeping the under surface or veined side uppermost; then with a
+camel's-hair brush lay on the melted wax in different shades,
+following the shades of the natural leaf. The soapsuds having made the
+leaf transparent, all the shades and spots can be plainly seen on the
+veined side, which is the side the waxen leaf has to be formed on. The
+belt of light green over the silvery markings of the leaf should be
+put on with verdigris-green. Begin the leaf in the center and continue
+on each side of the midrib till the edge is reached and the leaf has a
+thick coating of wax. Then lay a wire along the midrib or center of
+the leaf, fasten it in the wax by pressing, care being taken to leave
+it long enough for eight or nine inches of stem. Wire must also be
+laid on all the side ribs or veins leading to the midrib. These small
+wires are all brought to the center wire and laid evenly by its side
+till they all come to the stem, where they are all twisted around it
+to form one long, thick stem. Give the leaf another coating of dark
+olive-green wax (this covers the wires), then finish with a thin
+coating of burnt umber tinted with Vandyke brown, and the under
+surface of the leaf is finished. Remove the natural leaf from the
+waxen and tint the veins lightly with carmine. Brush a little carmine
+loosely on the darkest shade in the center of the leaf, and before it
+sticks blow off as much as possible, when enough will be left to give
+it that reddish-green tint peculiar to the begonia rex leaf. The next
+is to finish the silver belt or silvery leaf-markings midway between
+the center and the edge of the leaf. This strip must be rubbed with
+spirits of turpentine; then with the tinting brush apply a coating of
+silver bronze (Nos. 4000 and 6000), care being taken that the bronze
+does not scatter over the leaf. Now the leaf is finished.
+
+If the work is done according to directions, the waxen leaf will be a
+true copy of the original. Continue in the same way till all the
+leaves are made, then wax the stems and run them through the begonia
+stemming, when they may be arranged in their natural growing manner in
+a flowerpot filled with moss; or, if preferred, the flowerpot may be
+filled with wax, in _terre-verte_ green, and the stems must be placed
+in it before the wax gets hard.
+
+
+                     HOW TO MAKE BEGONIA STEMMING.
+
+Procure the bristles of a very young pig, five or six weeks old. After
+washing, put them in a very strong solution of chloride of lime and
+let them remain in it till whitened; then rinse well in warm water
+till free from chlorine. Color them while damp, some in different
+shades of green and some in different shades of brown. After the
+bristles are ready, the next thing is to make the stemming. Take a
+square piece of cambric and fasten it in a stretcher, then give it a
+thick coating of mastic varnish, and when the varnish is dry cut the
+cambric on a true bias into straight strips of different widths, from
+an inch to two inches, and half a yard in length. Lay one of these
+strips on a table or some smooth surface, add another coat of varnish,
+then cover it with glaucous green flock, care being taken to leave a
+narrow margin bare on one side to lap under the other when the piping
+is being made. Dip the bristles in mastic varnish, sprinkle them
+thickly over the flock, and leave for twenty-four hours to dry; when
+thoroughly dry, revarnish the bare edge, and turn it in underneath the
+other edge, thus forming the strip into a pipe, ready to receive the
+wire stems of the leaves. Brown and crimson flock may be used.
+
+For begonia rex, use crimson flock; for the rubra, use glaucous flock;
+and for the palmata, use brown flock. Very good stemming may be made
+by tinting canton flannel, which has a very long nap or pile.
+
+
+                    GERANIUM LEAVES--ROSE GERANIUM.
+
+This leaf is of a dark chrome green. Prepare the wax in two shades,
+dark chrome green and light; immerse the leaves in soapsuds for six
+hours; take out of the soapsuds and lay it on the marble slab. As
+there is neither shading nor marking on the leaf, all that is required
+is to give it a coat of dark chrome green, thick enough to prevent the
+wires from showing; then lay the wires over the veins and coat them
+over with a light shade of green. Remove the natural leaf, and as the
+texture of the rose geranium leaf is rather rough, rub it over with
+green flock mixed with hair powder. The stems may be left in different
+lengths.
+
+The best directions that we can give for the tinting and marking of
+leaves is to copy from nature. The cyclamen leaf is well adapted for
+the practice of marking and tinting.
+
+The leaf of the pond lily, lotus, canna, maranta, rubber tree,
+magnolia, camellia, orange, and all leaves which have a waxy surface,
+should either be varnished or bronzed.
+
+All kinds of leaves may be made by the foregoing directions.--_Popular
+Art Instructor._
+
+
+                             DECALCOMANIA.
+
+This is another name for a style that has been in vogue for an
+indefinite, period of time, and comes under the head of transferring.
+It is almost superfluous to mention the variety of purposes to which
+decalcomania may be applied, as it can be transferred upon everything
+for which ornamentation is required, and the variety of designs which
+are printed especially for it is so great that something may easily be
+procured to suit the taste of the most fastidious.
+
+A few of the articles that may be decorated can be mentioned by way of
+showing what a variety this style of ornamentation will embrace: All
+kinds of crockery, china, porcelain, vases, glass, bookcases, folios,
+boxes, lap desks, ribbons, dresses, etc. The method of transferring
+beautiful designs is so simple, and all the materials requisite for
+the art so easily procured, that it brings it within the means of
+everyone. Flat surfaces are more suitable than concave or convex ones
+for this style of decorating, for when the surface is curved the
+design has to be cut to accommodate the shape, and in this way is
+often spoiled unless done by the most careful and skillful hand. The
+materials required are cement, copal varnish, designs, a duck-quill
+sable, and a flat camel's-hair brush.
+
+Cut your designs neatly with a small pair of scissors, apply the
+cement by means of the sable to the article to be decorated, place on
+your design and press equally over its entire surface to exclude the
+air; dampen it a little and keep pressing equally so that the design
+may adhere firmly in every part. When the cement is sufficiently dry
+dampen again with water (a little more freely) and remove the paper.
+Be careful in manipulating this process, or you will remove some of
+the colored part with it. If such should occur, instantly replace it
+as well as you are able, or, if you have a knowledge of Oriental
+painting, your panacea will be in that. You can retouch with these
+colors and bring it back nearly to its original beauty. In case you
+have no knowledge of Oriental painting, match the colors as nearly as
+possible with water-color paints, allow time to dry, and varnish with
+copal.
+
+Sometimes the cement becomes too thick for use. It may be restored to
+its proper flowing consistency by placing the bottle in a bed of warm
+sand, and can then be applied while warm. If you apply your design to
+a dark groundwork, it would be desirable to give your picture a
+coating of Winsor and Newton's Chinese white. The reason for this is
+that some parts of the picture are semi-transparent, and these would
+lose their brilliancy if transferred directly upon a dark background
+without first painting.
+
+
+                         TO TRANSFER ON WOOD.
+
+Dissolve some salt in soft water, float your engraving on the
+surface--picture side uppermost--and let it remain about an hour. The
+screen, box or table on which you wish to transfer the design should
+be of bird's-eye maple or other light-colored hardwood, varnished with
+the best copal or transfer varnish.
+
+Take the picture from the water, dry a little between blotters, place
+the engraving--picture side downwards--on the varnished wood and
+smooth it nicely. If the picture entirely covers the wood after the
+margin has been cut off so that no varnish is exposed, lay over it a
+thin board, on which place a heavy weight, and leave it for
+twenty-four hours. If you wish but a small picture in the center of
+the surface of the wood, apply the varnish only to a space the size of
+the picture. Dip your finger in the solution of salt and water and
+commence rubbing off the paper; the nearer you come to the engraving
+the more careful you must be, as a hole in it will spoil your work.
+Rub slowly and patiently until you have taken off every bit of the
+paper and left only the black lines and touches of your picture on the
+wood, in an inverted direction. Finish up with two or three coats of
+copal varnish.
+
+
+                         TO TRANSFER ON SILK.
+
+Apply a coating of mastic varnish to the design and allow it to dry;
+then with a brush wash the paper surrounding the design carefully;
+this removes from the paper the preparation, which would otherwise
+soil the silk. Apply a second coating of the same varnish, and when
+this is slightly dried place the design upon the silk or other fabric
+to be decorated, and with the roller press it well down. With the
+brush wet the back of the paper covering the design, when the paper
+may be at once lifted off. Another method is to cut out the design
+carefully and cover it with a thin coating of mastic varnish, and lay
+it upon the silk or other fabric (which should be dampened) and roll
+thoroughly with a rubber roller; dampen the back of the paper with the
+brush and lift it off as previously directed.
+
+
+                         TO MAKE WAX FLOWERS.
+
+The following articles will be required to commence waxwork: Two
+pounds white wax, one quarter pound hair wire, one bottle carmine, one
+bottle ultramarine blue, one bottle chrome yellow, two bottles chrome
+green No. 1, one bottle each of rose pink, royal purple, scarlet
+powder, and balsam fir; two dozen sheets white wax. This will do to
+begin with. Now have a clean tin dish, and pour therein a quart or two
+of water; then put in about one pound of the white wax and let it
+boil. When cool enough so the bubbles will not form on top it is ready
+to sheet, which is done as follows: Take half of a window pane, 7 x 9,
+and, after having washed it clean, dip into a dish containing weak
+soapsuds; then dip into the wax, and draw it out steadily and plunge
+it into the suds, when the sheet will readily come off. Lay it on a
+cloth or clean paper to dry. Proceed in like manner until you have
+enough of the white; then add enough of the green powder to make a
+bright color, and heat and stir thoroughly until the color is evenly
+distributed, then proceed as for sheeting white wax. The other colors
+are rubbed into the leaves after they are cut out, rubbing light or
+heavy according to shade.
+
+For patterns you can use any natural leaf, forming the creases in wax
+with the thumb nail or a needle. To put the flowers together, or the
+leaves on to the stem, hold in the hand until warm enough to stick. If
+the sheeted wax is to be used in summer, put in a little balsam of fir
+to make it hard. If for winter, none will be required.
+
+You can make many flowers without a teacher, but one to assist in the
+commencement would be a great help, though the most particular thing
+about it is to get the wax sheeted. The materials I have suggested can
+be procured at any drug store, and will cost from $3.00 to $4.50.
+
+
+
+
+                            CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+
+Dear lady subscriber, if you are a housekeeper, or ever intend to be
+one, this chapter will more than repay you for what you have given for
+this book. It will tell you how to save a large percentage of your
+household expenses, and also how to have a great many of the articles
+you use in your daily household work of a superior quality--vastly
+better than the ones you are using at the present time.
+
+It is a fact not generally known that a great many of the articles
+used in daily household work cost little more than one-tenth of the
+price the consumer pays for them. We propose to show the ladies of our
+great Continent how to have, in most instances, better articles than
+those they are in the habit of purchasing, and at a small percentage
+of the cost. To do this, we have, by our own personal investigation,
+gathered a number of valuable recipes together, and have paid for the
+privilege of using them. Remember, these are not common recipes, but a
+full explanation of the manufacture of different articles needed in
+every household; and they combine the embodied wisdom of practical and
+successful men and women of the past and present.
+
+We give in this chapter a number of recipes which have never before
+been published, and which, once possessing, you will never wish to be
+without, as they are truly marvelous discoveries. The first three
+every mother should have; the remainder no housekeeper should be
+without.
+
+No. 1 is
+
+
+                            HEALING SALVE.
+
+This salve heals all sores, chaps, cuts, bruises, sore lips, chafed
+limbs, roughness, etc. It is invaluable as a healing ointment and may
+be applied to the tenderest skin without injury, and yet it will heal
+the most painful sores. A three-ounce box will only cost you ten
+cents, and the directions are so plain that a child can follow them.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take one ounce of sweet oil, one-half ounce of camphor gum,
+and one-half ounce of mutton tallow. Melt all together over a slow
+fire, and stir continually until cold.
+
+_To use:_ Rub on part affected at night; wash off in the morning with
+warm water and castile soap.
+
+No. 2 is
+
+
+                         MAGNETIC CROUP CURE.
+
+This is the best remedy for croup ever discovered. It will save
+parents much trouble and anxiety. With this remedy all that is
+necessary is (if you have any fear of croup on putting your child to
+bed) to take a piece of brown paper large enough to cover the throat
+and chest and spread it with the ointment and put across the throat
+and lungs; place over that several thicknesses of flannel so as to
+keep the stomach warm, and keep in place with a string or bandage. Put
+the child to bed, and you need have no fear of croup that night. This
+ointment is also excellent for cuts, bruises or sores. Twelve cents
+will make enough to last a year, even if you use it frequently.
+
+_Recipe:_ One-half pound of lard, quarter of a pound of raisins,
+quarter pound of fine cut chewing tobacco. In the morning place the
+tobacco in a tin can and cover it with water; set it on the stove and
+let it cook and boil all day, replacing the water when it is
+necessary; then squeeze all the juice from the tobacco. The next
+morning chop your raisins, put them in the tobacco water and cook well
+till noon; then again squeeze the raisins out of this water. Now to
+this water add the lard and let them simmer together until the water
+is evaporated. Now the croup remedy is ready for use. On putting the
+child to bed, if you fear an attack, take a piece of brown paper large
+enough to cover the throat and chest and spread it over with the
+ointment and put it across the throat and lungs. Place over that and
+tie several thicknesses of flannel; put the child to bed, cover up
+warmly, and you need have no fear of croup that night.
+
+If taken with croup unexpectedly, on hearing the cough, spread a piece
+of brown paper with the ointment and lay it across the throat and
+chest; then heat flannel as hot as can be borne and lay over the
+paper; change in about ten minutes for another hot cloth. If no fire
+is on while waiting for it, heat cloths on a lamp chimney. As soon as
+you get the stomach covered and warm, give a teaspoonful of melted
+butter; repeat the dose in five minutes.
+
+No. 3 is
+
+
+                             WORM ELIXIR.
+
+The best remedy for worms known. No mother should be without it. Also,
+if given occasionally it is a splendid preventive. Children will never
+be troubled with worms who are given a dose of this once a month, or
+fortnight.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take gum myrrh and aloes, of each one ounce; saffron, sage
+leaves, and tansy leaves, of each half an ounce; tincture in a pint of
+brandy two weeks, and give to children a teaspoonful once a week to
+once a month as a preventive. They will never be troubled with worms
+as long as you do this.
+
+
+                            WORM VERMIFUGE.
+
+Make a strong decoction of sage, two parts; wormseed, one part;
+strain, and add sugar enough to make into candy, and let the child eat
+of it. Infallible.
+
+No. 4 is
+
+
+                 BRILLIANT SELF-SHINING STOVE POLISH.
+
+This is one of the greatest inventions of the age. It has been the
+result of a large amount of study on the part of the inventor to
+perfect a polish that would work easily and satisfactorily in a
+perfectly dry state, thereby obviating the disagreeable task of mixing
+and preparing. A good stove polish is an absolute necessity in every
+family. To be assured that this is the best you need give it only one
+trial. Now, remember, first, that this polish requires no water or
+mixing like the various cake and powder polishes; second, that it is
+self-shining and no labor is required; and third, that it has no equal
+in the world.
+
+Below are the recipe and directions for preparing this polish. You can
+prepare enough in ten minutes to last a year. A box holding two ounces
+will cost but three cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Get from the hardware store plumbago (blacklead), pulverize
+it finely and it is ready for use.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Use a damp woolen rag, dip in the polish and
+apply to the stove; then rub with a dry cloth, and a most beautiful
+polish will appear.
+
+No. 5 is
+
+
+                       WONDERFUL STARCH ENAMEL.
+
+For polishing shirt bosoms, collars, cuffs, lace curtains, etc.,
+putting on the same gloss and hard pearl finish as when bought at the
+store new. Every lady should use the wonderful enamel for the
+following reasons: It enables an ordinary ironer to compete with any
+laundry; it makes the clothes clear and white; it makes clothes iron
+smoothly, and prevents the iron sticking; it makes old linen look
+like new; and it saves a woman many hours' hard work each week. It is
+easily made, and five cents' worth will last an ordinary family six
+months.
+
+_Recipe:_ Melt half a pound of refined paraffine wax in a tin pan over
+a slow fire. When melted remove from the fire and add twenty drops of
+oil of citronella. Take a tin pan and oil with sweet oil, put the pan
+on a level table, and pour in enough of the hot wax to make a depth of
+an eighth of an inch. When cool, but not cold, cut in pieces about the
+size of an ordinary candy lozenge. Lay them aside to cool, but do not
+let them touch each other.
+
+_Directions for use:_ To a pint of boiling starch stir in one cake.
+Use starch while warm.
+
+No. 6 is
+
+
+                         ROYAL WASHING POWDER
+
+--the laundress' assistant; warranted not to injure the finest fabric.
+No acid; no potash. In the wash room it saves time, labor, expense,
+muscle, temper, and hands. The clothes will come out cleaned and
+white, without wear or tear or rubbing on washboards, therefore will
+last twice as long. For housecleaning it is unequaled. One girl can
+wash more clothes, paint, walls, windows or floors in a day with
+perfect ease with this powder than she could in four days with hard
+labor, soap, and scrubbing brush, and the paint will look new and
+bright. It only requires to be tested to be appreciated. Packages of
+one pound will only cost seven cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Mix any quantity of soda ash with an equal quantity of
+carbonate of soda crushed into coarse grains. Have a thin solution of
+glue or decoction of linseed oil ready, into which pour the soda until
+quite thick. Spread out in a warm apartment to dry. When dry shake up
+well and pack away for use. Use as other washing powders.
+
+No. 7 is
+
+
+                          MAGIC ANNIHILATOR.
+
+Removes all kinds of grease and oil spots from every kind of
+wearing-apparel--such as coats, pants, vests, dress goods, carpets,
+etc.--without injury to the finest silks or laces. It will shampoo
+like a charm, raising the lather in proportion to the amount of
+dandruff and grease in the hair. A cloth wet with it will remove all
+grease from door knobs, window sills, etc., handled by kitchen
+domestics in their daily round of kitchen work. For cleaning silver,
+brass, and copper ware it cannot be beaten. It is certain death to
+bedbugs, for they will never stop after they have encountered the
+Magic Annihilator. It is useful for many other things. A quart bottle
+costs about ten cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ To make half a gallon, take aqua ammonia, one pint; soft
+water, one-half gallon; best white soap, one-half pound; saltpetre,
+one ounce. Shave the soap fine, add the water, boil until the soap is
+dissolved, then add the saltpetre, stirring until dissolved. Now
+strain, let the suds settle, skim off the dry suds, add the ammonia,
+and bottle and cork at once.
+
+_Directions for use:_ For grease spots, pour upon the article to be
+cleaned a sufficient quantity of the Magic Annihilator, rubbing well
+with a clean sponge and applying to both sides of the article. Upon
+carpets and coarse goods where the grease is hard and dry use a stiff
+brush and wash out with clear cold water. For shampooing, take a small
+quantity, with an equal quantity of water; apply to the hair with a
+stiff brush, brushing into the scalp, and wash out with clear water.
+For killing bedbugs, apply to the places they frequent.
+
+No. 8 is
+
+
+                         I X L BAKING POWDER.
+
+An unsurpassed article. Can be relied on for strength and purity. So
+many of the baking powders sold contain injurious substances and are
+altogether unreliable. This powder can be relied on for strength and
+purity. It produces the most delightfully white, light and flaky
+biscuits. For cakes it is unsurpassed. Try it and be convinced. This
+powder is composed of the very best and purest substances, and
+therefore is perfectly wholesome. Any lady can prepare enough in a few
+minutes to last her six months. It will only cost a trifle--not
+one-quarter of what you would have to pay your grocer for the same
+amount.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take one pound of _tartaric_ acid (in _crystals_), one and
+one-half pounds bicarbonate of soda, and one and one-half pounds of
+potato or corn starch. Each must be powdered separately, well dried by
+a slow fire, and well mixed through a sieve. Pack hard in a tin, or
+paper glazed on the outside. Buy the articles from a druggist.
+
+_Directions for use:_ For biscuits, pie crust, johnnycake, etc., use
+three teaspoonfuls to one quart of flour or meal; for cakes, two
+teaspoonfuls to a teacup of flour. Mix well with the flour.
+
+No. 9 is
+
+
+                           ELECTRIC POWDER.
+
+This is one of the best articles on our list--something that every
+housekeeper needs. It is used for gold, silver, plated ware, German
+silver, copper, brass, tin, steel, window glass, or any material where
+a brilliant luster is required. To make two ounces costs but three
+cents, and it is the best article of its kind known.
+
+_Recipe:_ To one pound best quality whiting add one-half pound cream
+tartar and three ounces calcined magnesia. Mix thoroughly together and
+store away for use.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Use the polish dry, with a piece of canton
+flannel moistened with water or alcohol, and finish with the polish
+dry.
+
+No. 10 is
+
+
+                FRENCH POLISH OR DRESSING FOR LEATHER.
+
+This is a grand article. All that is necessary is to have your boots
+clean and apply this dressing with a sponge. The boots appear like the
+very best French leather. Much hard work is saved, as no brushing is
+required. To make a quart vessel full will only cost about twenty
+cents.
+
+_Recipe:_ Mix half a pint of the best vinegar with a quarter pint of
+soft water; stir into it one ounce of glue (broken up), two ounces
+log-wood chips, one-sixteenth ounce of finely-powdered indigo,
+one-sixteenth ounce of the best soft soap, one-sixteenth ounce of
+isinglass. Put the mixture over the fire, let it boil ten minutes or
+more; then strain, bottle and cork. When cold it is fit for use. Apply
+with a sponge.
+
+No. 11 is
+
+
+                           ARTIFICIAL HONEY.
+
+Equal to bee honey, and often mistaken by the best judges to be
+genuine. It is palatable and luxurious. All persons are more or less
+aware that honey should be used in every household, and it would be so
+if every family could have it at a very moderate price. As a
+health-establishing nutriment in the chamber of the invalid, and as a
+delicious luxury for the well, honey cannot be too highly recommended.
+Any one using this honey regularly will find that he is strengthened
+and refreshed by it. He will have greater energy and if at all
+inclined to dyspepsia will find himself greatly helped. This honey
+costs but eight cents per pound to prepare, and our directions are so
+simple a child ten years old can follow them.
+
+_Recipe:_ Take two ounces of slippery elm bark and put into three
+quarts of warm water and let it stand four hours; strain and add eight
+pounds of white sugar; boil four minutes; then add one pound of bee
+honey while hot. Flavor with a drop of the oil of peppermint and a
+drop of the oil of rose.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Any lady will readily see what a saving the possession of the above
+recipes may cause in her household expense. Thus, you can get a ten
+cent box of stove polish for three cents, a twenty-five cent package
+of washing powder for seven cents, a twenty-five cent box of starch
+enamel for five cents, etc. Any of the articles contained in the list
+will take but a short time to prepare a large supply.
+
+
+                     POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES.
+
+The first thing to do in a case of poisoning is to cause the ejection
+of the poison by vomiting. To do this, place mustard mixed with salt
+on the tongue and give large quantities of lukewarm water; or, tickle
+the throat with a feather. These failing, instantly resort to active
+emetics, like tartar emetic, sulphate of copper or sulphate of zinc.
+After vomiting has taken place with these, aid it, if possible, by
+copious draughts of warm water until the poison is entirely removed.
+Of course, if vomiting cannot be induced the stomach pump must be
+employed, especially if arsenic or narcotics have been taken. The
+following table may be useful for emergencies:--
+
+    POISONS.                                 ANTIDOTES.
+    Acids,                       Alkalies: Soap and milk, chalk or soda.
+    Alkalies,                    Vegetable acids, vinegar, oil in
+                                 abundance.
+    Alcohol,                     Common salt, moderately.
+    Arsenic,                     Send for the doctor and his stomach pump.
+    Antimony,                    Oak bark, strong green tea.
+    Baryta or lime,              Epsom salts, oils, magnesia.
+    Bismuth,                     White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Copper,                      White of eggs, strong coffee.
+    Gases,                       Cold douche, followed by friction.
+    Iodine,                      Starch, wheat flour in water.
+    Creosote,                    White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Lead,                        Strong lemonade, Epsom salts.
+    Opium and other narcotics,   Emetics, cold douche, and heat.
+    Phosphorus,                  Magnesia in copious draughts.
+    Zinc,                        White of eggs, sweet milk.
+    Mad-dog bite,                Apply fire in some form to the wound,
+                                 thoroughly and immediately.
+    Bite of insect,              Ammonia, applied freely.
+    Bite of serpent,             Same as for mad dog, followed by whisky
+                                 to intoxication.
+
+The foregoing are the more common and more important poisons and their
+antidotes.--_Buckeye._
+
+
+                            TURKISH LOTION.
+
+_The New and Wonderful Discovery for Beautifying the Skin._
+
+Gives to a woman of forty the fresh, bright complexion of a girl. No
+more wrinkles, crow's-feet or sallowness.
+
+Turkish Lotion completely cures freckles, pimples, blackheads, moles
+and superfluous hair, tan, greasy skin, blotches, redness, sore or
+chapped lips, chapped and red, rough hands; and, best of all,
+completely eradicates and prevents wrinkles, crow's-feet, and
+sallowness.
+
+Turkish Lotion creates a perfect complexion.
+
+After using Turkish Lotion for a short time a lady's skin will be as
+exquisitely soft and velvety, as clear and pure, as that of a little
+child. It is not an artificial cosmetic, but a cleansing, refining,
+whitening tonic. It feeds and nourishes the skin, preventing and
+banishing wrinkles, crow's-feet, and sallowness. It is perfectly
+harmless and composed of the purest ingredients.
+
+Turkish Lotion is invaluable to every lady. It conceals the evidences
+of age. By its use a lady of middle-age will have the charming, fresh
+look of a girl. Every womanly woman desires to appear fresh and
+youthful as long as possible, thereby making herself the wonder of her
+own sex and the admiration of the opposite. By using this lotion
+according to directions every lady may have a fresh, rosy tinted
+complexion of exquisite pearly fairness, free from wrinkles,
+crow's-feet, and sallowness.
+
+One application will make the most stubbornly red and rough hands
+beautifully soft and white.
+
+Turkish Lotion is not a paint or powder, but a new and great
+discovery--a cleansing, healing, whitening tonic that causes the cheek
+to glow with healthy action of the skin, and the neck, arms and hands
+to assume an exquisite pearly whiteness. By its use all redness and
+roughness is prevented and the skin is beautified and rendered soft,
+smooth, and white, thereby imparting a delicate, refined loveliness
+impossible to describe. Any lady using Turkish Lotion will present a
+fresh, youthful, natural appearance, with a pearly, rose-tinted
+complexion that is positively bewitching. It is without doubt the best
+face lotion ever discovered, being as it is a medicated lotion
+possessing healing qualities. Many ladies are troubled during cold
+weather with sore lips, rough, parched skin, and chapped hands upon
+the slightest exposure. By moistening at night with this wash the
+parts affected, all soreness and roughness will be completely cured
+and the face and hands will be as delicately soft and smooth as those
+of a little child.
+
+No one need suffer any longer from any defect of the skin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Recipe for Turkish Lotion:_ To one fluid ounce of tincture of gum
+benzoin add seven fluid ounces of distilled rose-water and one-half
+ounce of glycerine.
+
+_Directions for use:_ Bathe face, neck, and hands with Turkish Lotion
+at night, letting it dry on. Wash off in the morning with a very
+little pure white castile soap and soft water. If the water is hard,
+add a very little dissolved borax. This will prevent and cure greasy
+skin, freckles, tan, wrinkles, pimples, blackheads, crow's-feet,
+blotches, sunburn, chapped hands, sore lips, rough skin, etc.
+
+_To Cure Sallowness:_ Use as above directed, and ask your druggist for
+some good iron tablets. Take as directed. In a short time your
+complexion will be beautifully white and rose-tinted.
+
+_To Remove Hairy Moles and Superfluous Hair:_ Procure prepared pumice
+stone from your druggist; cut the hair as close as possible to the
+skin, dip the pumice in cold water and rub on the part on which the
+hairs grow, commencing gently at first (as it may cause slight
+irritation of the skin), then gradually increase the friction. After
+using the pumice stone, anoint freely each time with Turkish Lotion.
+Do this twice daily, and it will surely remove superfluous hair.
+
+Always, after using Turkish Lotion, rub gently with the hands until
+the skin becomes dry. This will remove and prevent wrinkles and
+lines.
+
+
+
+
+                                INDEX.
+
+
+                                                        PAGE.
+Almond paste for the hands,                               48
+Apt to be hasty,                                          80
+All is fair in love and war,                              81
+Age to marry, the best,                                   99
+Age of puberty to marriage, from the,                    107
+A happy marriage, the basis of,                          118
+Abortion,                                                128
+Abortion, the cause of,                                  129
+Abortion, means of preventing,                           133
+Amenorrhoea--suppression of the menses,                  140
+Alterative, or liver powder,                             147
+Anti-dyspeptic pills,                                    147
+Ague pills,                                              148
+Ague drops,                                              149
+Anodyne headache pills,                                  149
+Arrowroot jelly,                                         157
+Arrowroot gruel,                                         159
+Autumn leaves and ferns, to prepare,                     181
+Articles of white zephyr, to clean,                      184
+Artificial honey,                                        205
+
+Breath, to purify the,                                    31
+Bleach and purify the skin, to,                           31
+Bloom rose,                                               34
+Brilliant, beautiful eyes, how to have,                   35
+Beautiful eyelashes, how to have,                         36
+Beautiful mouth and lips, to have a,                      39
+Bleaching lotion,                                         47
+Baldness, to cure,                                        61
+Bleach the hair, to,                                      63
+Boston Burnet powder,                                     65
+Birth of the first child,                                 89
+Bleeding at the lungs,                                   151
+Barley water,                                            157
+Bread jelly,                                             159
+Beef liquid,                                             159
+Beef tea,                                                160
+Bedbugs, to get rid of,                                  166
+Bleach the leaves, to,                                   181
+Bluing,                                                  183
+Blue powder, to make,                                    188
+Brush, the,                                              189
+Bronze work,                                             191
+Bronzing, directions for,                                193
+Bronzing statuettes,                                     194
+Begonia stemming, to make,                               195
+Brilliant self-shining stove polish,                     202
+
+Cleopatra's freckle balm,                                 29
+Cure profuse perspiration, to,                            31
+Cleopatra's enamel,                                       31
+Cure freckles, to,                                        31
+Cosmetic bath, a,                                         32
+Certain cure for eruptions,                               34
+Clear the complexion, to,                                 34
+Cure and refine a blotched skin, to,                      34
+Cure and prevent wrinkles, to,                            34
+Cure weak eyes, to,                                       36
+Cure watery and inflamed eyes, to,                        37
+Care of the teeth, the,                                   40
+Cure foul breath, to,                                     44
+Cure toothache, to,                                       44
+Camphorated chalk,                                        45
+Camphor paste,                                            45
+Cure red hands, to,                                       48
+Coarse hands, to whiten,                                  49
+Chapped hands,                                            51
+Cause the skin to become satin-smooth, to,                51
+Cause the bloom of youth to return,                       52
+Cause the hair to grow, to,                               60
+Charm those whom you meet, to,                            72
+Courtship a momentous matter,                             83
+Conception,                                              121
+Change, a remarkable,                                    121
+Changes in the breast,                                   122
+Childbirth a natural process,                            123
+Cramps of the legs, etc.,                                126
+Chlorosis, or green sickness,                            137
+Cessation of the menses--change of life,                 141
+Cathartic and liver pills,                               147
+Certain remedy for ague,                                 148
+Consumption, for,                                        151
+Cough syrup,                                             152
+Cough mixture,                                           152
+Compound tincture of myrrh,                              152
+Cordial for summer complaints,                           153
+Coffee milk,                                             160
+Crust, coffee,                                           161
+Cranberry water,                                         161
+Chicken broth,                                           161
+Calves'-foot jelly,                                      162
+Chambers,                                                176
+Coffee starch,                                           183
+Copper bronze,                                           194
+
+Decayed teeth, for,                                       44
+Decayed teeth, mixture for,                               46
+Dye the hair flaxen, to,                                  63
+Days of the week--their importance,                       68
+Duration of pregnancy,                                   123
+Diet, the,                                               124
+Detection of pregnancy, sure test for the,               127
+Delayed menstruation,                                    135
+Duty of mothers,                                         135
+Dyspeptic ley,                                           148
+Dr. Jordan's cholera remedy,                             154
+Deafness,                                                155
+Drink in dysentery,                                      161
+Drunkenness, to cure,                                    168
+Different kinds of perfume, to make,                     169
+Dining-room,                                             177
+Do your own stamping, how to,                            187
+Dry stamping,                                            188
+Distributor, to make a,                                  188
+Dark blue powder,                                        189
+Decalcomania,                                            196
+
+Eruptions,                                                24
+Extreme paleness,                                         26
+Excoriations,                                             28
+Eyes, to cure weak,                                       36
+Eyes, to care watery and inflamed,                        37
+Eyes, general care of,                                    37
+Eyelashes, to improve the,                                36
+Eyelashes, to have beautiful,                             36
+Elegant hair, to have,                                    60
+Electrical psychology,                                    69
+Early marriage,                                           99
+Everything for love,                                     111
+Expectorant tincture,                                    152
+Eggs,                                                    165
+Extract the essential oil from flowers, to,              168
+Enamel for shirt bosoms,                                 184
+Exotic leaves,                                           194
+Electric powder,                                         205
+
+Freckles,                                                 25
+Freckles, to remove,                                      29
+Flesh-worms, to remove,                                   30
+French face wash,                                         32
+French lip salve,                                         40
+Fine tooth powder,                                        44
+Finger nails, the,                                        49
+French remedy for baldness,                               63
+Fortunate and unfortunate days,                           67
+Fondness for cousins,                                     95
+Flirtation,                                               96
+False sense of duty,                                     112
+Falling of the womb,                                     143
+Fever powder,                                            149
+French milk porridge,                                    160
+Fluid, No. 1, 2, and 3,                                  163
+Fresh-blown flowers in winter,                           166
+Flour starch,                                            184
+Fine starch,                                             184
+Fruit stains,                                            185
+Flannels, to wash,                                       186
+Floral basket in bronze,                                 193
+French polish for leather,                               205
+
+German lip salve,                                         41
+Golden hair secret, the,                                  62
+Gestation, period of,                                    122
+Gum acacia restorative,                                  164
+Get rid of bedbugs and mosquitoes, how to,               166
+Gall soap,                                               183
+Grease, to take out,                                     185
+Green bronze,                                            193
+Geranium leaves,                                         196
+
+Hands, chapped,                                           51
+Hair, the,                                                52
+Hair restorative,                                         61
+Hair, to bleach,                                          63
+Hair, to dye flaxen,                                      63
+Hair, keeping curled and crimped,                         63
+Hair, powder for preserving,                              64
+Hair to make grow quickly,                                64
+Hair falling out, to prevent,                             65
+Human temperaments, the,                                  66
+How to charm those whom you meet,                         72
+Hop bitters,                                             146
+Home decoration,                                         171
+House plants, to care for,                               179
+Healing salve,                                           200
+
+Itch, the,                                                17
+Improve the skin, to,                                     33
+Improving the hair, for,                                  63
+Important advice to females,                              68
+Inverted toe-nail,                                       156
+Irish moss jelly,                                        158
+Isinglass jelly,                                         158
+Iron rust, to remove,                                    185
+I X L baking powder,                                     204
+
+Kalydor for the complexion,                               33
+
+Lemon cream,                                              29
+Lip salve, white, No. 1,                                  40
+Lip salve, No. 2,                                         40
+Love and respect,                                         77
+Love and marriage,                                        94
+Leucorrhoea, whites, flour albus,                        144
+Laziness, to cure,                                       168
+
+Milk of roses,                                            33
+Mouth pastilles,                                          44
+Mixture for shampoo,                                      64
+Mesmerism,                                                70
+Marriage,                                                 73
+Married people,                                          102
+Monogamy,                                                116
+Marriage customs,                                        117
+Morning sickness,                                        126
+Menstruation,                                            134
+Malt infusion,                                           164
+Milk for infants,                                        165
+Magnetic croup cure,                                     201
+Magic annihilator,                                       203
+
+Necessary evils,                                         109
+Nutritive fluids,                                        162
+
+Preparation for whitening the skin,                       30
+Pimples, to remove,                                       32
+Pomade d'Hebe,                                            34
+Preservative tincture for the teeth,                      45
+Powder for preserving the hair,                           64
+Polygamy,                                                125
+Polyandry,                                               117
+Pregnancy, labor, parturition,                           121
+Parturient balm,                                         128
+Premature labor,                                         128
+Pills for asthma,                                        151
+Pills for chronic bronchitis,                            151
+Pills for neuralgia,                                     151
+Pills for dysentery,                                     150
+Pile ointment,                                           155
+Panado,                                                  160
+Prevent horses being teased by flies,                    167
+Prevent flies lighting on windows, pictures, etc.,       167
+Poisons and their antidotes,                             206
+
+Rouge, liquid,                                            33
+Rye tooth powder,                                         45
+Red hands, to cure,                                       48
+Rough hands, to cure,                                     49
+Rheumatic pills,                                         150
+Rice water,                                              157
+Refreshing drink, a,                                     157
+Rice,                                                    158
+Rice jelly,                                              158
+Rice gruel,                                              158
+Restorative jelly,                                       160
+Render paper fireproof, to,                              168
+Royal washing powder,                                    203
+Rashes and redness,                                       27
+
+Skin, the,                                                22
+Scurf, scurvy,                                            27
+Soften and whiten the skin,                               30
+Soft, white hands,                                        46
+Sexual intercourse--its laws and conditions,             105
+Seduction,                                               110
+Soothing cough mixture,                                  152
+Scrofulous syrup,                                        153
+Sago gruel,                                              159
+Scorch, to take out,                                     183
+
+Turkish lotion,                                          207
+
+Wrinkles,                                                 28
+Wrinkles, to remove,                                      35
+Wrinkles, lotion for,                                     35
+Wrinkles, wash for,                                       35
+Wash for scald heads,                                     65
+Whiten the skin, to,                                      65
+Warts,                                                    51
+Waterproof boots, to prepare,                            168
+Worm elixir,                                             201
+Wonderful starch enamel,                                 203
+
+
+
+
+                          TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
+
+
+Obvious typographical errors have been fixed. See below for the
+detailed list.
+
+page  11--typo fixed: changed 'Decalcomanie' to 'Decalcomania'
+page  14--typo fixed: changed 'Feuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'
+page  15--typo fixed: changed 'Montey' to 'Montez'
+page  27--typo fixed: changed 'expoliation' to 'exfoliation'
+page  31--typo fixed: changed 'pitachia' to 'pistachia'
+page  32--typo fixed: changed 'skum' to 'scum'
+page  39--typo fixed: changed 'domimonde' to 'demimonde'
+page  43--typo fixed: changed 'opreation' to 'operation'
+page  44--typo fixed: changed 'Teuchwanger's' to 'Feuchtwanger's'
+page  45--typo fixed: changed 'Talk' to 'Take'
+page  51--typo fixed: changed 'particulary' to 'particularly'
+page  59--typo fixed: changed 'strengh' to 'strength'
+page  72--typo fixed: changed 'magnitized' to 'magnetized'
+page  72--typo fixed: changed 'through' to 'though'
+page  90--typo fixed: changed 'bady' to 'baby'
+page  93--typo fixed: changed 'elevaton' to 'elevation'
+page 101--typo fixed: changed 'eighteeth' to 'eighteenth'
+page 102--typo fixed: changed 'probabilty' to 'probability'
+page 106--typo fixed: changed 'Carpentar' to 'Carpenter'
+page 122--typo fixed: changed 'preceptible' to 'perceptible'
+page 128--typo fixed: changed 'increase' to 'increases'
+page 153--typo fixed: changed 'rhubard' to 'rhubarb'
+page 155--typo fixed: changed 'corbonate' to 'carbonate'
+page 191--typo fixed: changed 'tupentine' to 'turpentine'
+page 202--typo fixed: changed 'diagreeable' to 'disagreeable'
+page 206--typo fixed: changed 'flower' to 'flour'
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Ladies Book of Useful Information, by Anonymous
+
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