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diff --git a/26315-h/26315-h.htm b/26315-h/26315-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b9cc6e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/26315-h/26315-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,12431 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Shakespeare's Family, by Mrs. C. C. Stopes. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + .notes {background-color: #eeeeee; color: #000; padding: .5em; + margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .tocnum {position: absolute; top: auto; right: 4%;} + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .right {text-align: right;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Shakespeare's Family, by Mrs. C. C. Stopes + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Shakespeare's Family + +Author: Mrs. C. C. Stopes + +Release Date: August 14, 2008 [EBook #26315] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHAKESPEARE'S FAMILY *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Josephine Paolucci, Janet +Blenkinship and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team +at http://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<h1>SHAKESPEARE'S FAMILY</h1> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 179px;"> +<img src="images/imagepub.jpg" width="179" height="250" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><a name="front" id="front"></a></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 486px;"> +<img src="images/frontis.jpg" width="486" height="650" alt="William Shakespeare from the Drocshout painting now in +the Shakespeare Memorial Gallery at Stratford-on-Avon." title="" /> +<span class="caption">William Shakespeare from the Drocshout painting now in +the Shakespeare Memorial Gallery at Stratford-on-Avon.</span> +</div> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h1>SHAKESPEARE'S FAMILY</h1> + +<h5>BEING</h5> + +<h3><i>A Record of the Ancestors and Descendants of William Shakespeare</i></h3> + +<h5>WITH</h5> + +<h2><i>SOME ACCOUNT OF THE ARDENS</i></h2> + +<h5>BY</h5> + +<h2>MRS. C. C. STOPES</h2> + + <h4>Author of</h4> + <h4>"The Bacon-Shakespeare Question Answered," "Shakespeare's Warwickshire + Contemporaries," "British Freewomen," Etc.</h4> + + + <p class="center"> LONDON<br /> + ELLIOT STOCK, 62, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.<br /> + NEW YORK<br /> + JAMES POTT & COMPANY<br /> + 1901</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p> +<h2>PREFACE</h2> + + +<p>When I was invited to reprint in book-form the articles which had +appeared in the <i>Genealogical Magazine</i> under the titles of +"Shakespeare's Family" and the "Warwickshire Ardens," I carefully +corrected them, and expanded them where expansion could be made +interesting. Thus to the bald entries of Shakespeare's birth and burial +I added a short life. Perhaps never before has anyone attempted to write +a life of the poet with so little allusion to his plays and poems. My +reason is clear; it is only the genealogical details of certain +Warwickshire families of which I now treat, and it is only as an +interesting Warwickshire gentleman that the poet is here included.</p> + +<p>Much of the chaotic nonsense that has of late years been written to +disparage his character and contest his claims to our reverence and +respect are based on the assumption that he was a man of low origin and +of mean occupation. I deny any relevance to arguments based on such an +assumption, for genius is restricted to no class, and we have a Burns as +well as a Chaucer, a Keats as well as a Gower, yet I am glad that the +result of my studies tends to prove that it is but an unfounded +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>assumption. By the Spear-side his family was at least respectable, and +by the Spindle-side his pedigree can be traced straight back to Guy of +Warwick and the good King Alfred. There is something in fallen fortune +that lends a subtler romance to the consciousness of a noble ancestry, +and we may be sure this played no small part in the making of the poet.</p> + +<p>All that bear his name gain a certain interest through him, and +therefore I have collected every notice I can find of the Shakespeares, +though we are all aware none can be his descendants, and that the family +of his sister can alone now enter into the poet's pedigree with any +degree of certainty.</p> + +<p>The time for romancing has gone by, and nothing more can be done +concerning the poet's life except through careful study and through +patient research. All students must regret that their labours have such +comparatively meagre results. Though sharing in this regret, I have been +able, besides adding minor details, to find at last a definite link of +association between the Park Hall and the Wilmcote Ardens; and I have +located a John Shakespeare in St. Clement's Danes, Strand, London, who +is probably the poet's cousin. I have also somewhat cleared the ground +by checking errors, such as those made by Halliwell-Phillipps, +concerning John Shakespeare, of Ingon, and Gilbert Shakespeare, +Haberdasher, of London (see page 226). I hope that every contribution to +our store of real knowledge may bring forward new suggestions and +additional facts.</p> + +<p>In regard to his mother's family, I thought it important to clear the +earlier connections. But it must not be forgotten that until modern +times no<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span> Shakespeare but himself was connected with the Ardens. Yet, +having commenced with the family, I may be pardoned for adding to their +history before the sixteenth century the few notes I have gleaned +concerning the later branches.</p> + +<p>The order I have preferred has been chronological, limited by the +advisability of completing the notices of a family in special +localities.</p> + +<p>Disputed questions I have placed in chapters apart, as they would bulk +too largely in a short biography to be proportionate. Hence the Coat of +Arms and the Arden Connections are treated as family matters, apart from +John Shakespeare's special biography. I have done what I could to avoid +mistakes, and neither time nor trouble has been spared. I owe thanks to +many who have helped me in my long-continued and careful researches, to +the officials of the British Museum and the Public Record Office, to the +Town Council of Stratford-on-Avon and Mr. Savage, Secretary of the +Shakespeare Trust, to the Worshipful Company of the Haberdashers, for +allowing me to study their records; to the late Earl of Warwick, for +admission to his Shakespeare Library, and to many clergymen who have +permitted me to search their registers.</p> + +<p class="right"> +<span class="smcap">Charlotte Carmichael Stopes.</span> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + +<p> +PART I<br /> +<br /> +CHAPTER <span class="tocnum"> PAGE</span><br /> +<br /> +I. THE NAME OF SHAKESPEARE <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></span><br /> +<br /> +II. THE LOCALITIES OF EARLY SHAKESPEARES<span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></span><br /> +<br /> +III. LATER SHAKESPEARES BEFORE THE POET'S TIME <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></span><br /> +<br /> +IV. THE SHAKESPEARE COAT OF ARMS <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span><br /> +<br /> +V. THE IMPALEMENT OF THE ARDEN ARMS <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></span><br /> +<br /> +VI. THE ARDENS OF WILMECOTE <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<br /> +VII. JOHN SHAKESPEARE <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></span><br /> +<br /> +VIII. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_61">61</a></span><br /> +<br /> +IX. SHAKESPEARE'S DESCENDANTS <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></span><br /> +<br /> +X. COLLATERALS <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></span><br /> +<br /> +XI. COUSINS AND CONNECTIONS <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_113">113</a></span><br /> +<br /> +XII. CONTEMPORARY WARWICKSHIRE SHAKESPEARES <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_118">118</a></span><br /> +<br /> +XIII. SHAKESPEARES IN OTHER COUNTIES <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></span><br /> +<br /> +XIV. LONDON SHAKESPEARES <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_142">142</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +PART II<br /> +<br /> +I. THE PARK HALL ARDENS <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_162">162</a></span><br /> +<br /> +II. THE ARDENS OF LONGCROFT <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_183">183</a></span><br /> +<br /> +III. OTHER WARWICKSHIRE ARDENS <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_188">188</a></span><br /> +<br /> +IV. THE ARDENS OF CHESHIRE <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_196">196</a></span><br /> +<br /> +V. BRANCHES IN OTHER COUNTIES <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_213">213</a></span><br /> +<br /> +TERMINAL NOTES <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_222">222</a></span><br /> +<br /> +INDEX <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_239">239</a></span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> + + +<p> +<span class="tocnum">PAGE</span><br /> +PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE <span class="tocnum"> <i><a href="#front">Frontispiece</a></i></span><br /> +<br /> +SHAKESPEARE'S ARMS <span class="tocnum"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></span><br /> +<br /> +OLD HOUSE AT WILMECOTE, BY SOME SUPPOSED TO BE ROBERT ARDEN'S <span class="tocnum"><i>To face</i> <a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<br /> +PRESENT VIEW OF SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE <span class="tocnum">" <a href="#Page_55">55</a></span><br /> +<br /> +THE GUILD CHAPEL, FROM THE SITE OF NEW PLACE <span class="tocnum">" <a href="#Page_67">67</a></span><br /> +<br /> +THE CHANCEL, TRINITY CHURCH <span class="tocnum">" <a href="#Page_83">83</a></span><br /> +<br /> +SHAKESPEARE'S EPITAPH <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_84">84</a></span><br /> +<br /> +ANNE HATHAWAY'S COTTAGE <span class="tocnum"> <i>To face</i> <a href="#Page_88">88</a></span><br /> +<br /> +ANNE SHAKESPEARE'S EPITAPH <span class="tocnum"> <a href="#Page_90">90</a></span><br /> +<br /> +SNITTERFIELD CHURCH <span class="tocnum"><i>To face</i> <a href="#Page_113">113</a></span><br /> +<br /> +NORDEN'S MAP OF LONDON, 1593 <span class="tocnum"> " <a href="#Page_142">142</a></span><br /> +<br /> +WARWICK CASTLE <span class="tocnum"> " <a href="#Page_162">162</a></span><br /> +<br /> +SWAN THEATRE (BY DR. GAIDERTY) <span class="tocnum">" <a href="#Page_214">214</a></span><br /> +<br /> +THE BEAR GARDEN AND HOPE THEATRE <span class="tocnum"> " <a href="#Page_216">216</a></span><br /> +<br /> +SWAN THEATRE <span class="tocnum">" <a href="#Page_216">216</a></span><br /> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When, from the midst of a people, there riseth a man</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who voices the life of its life, the dreams of its soul,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The Nation's Ideal takes shape, on Nature's old plan,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Expressing, informing, impelling, the fashioning force of the whole.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The Spirit of England, thus Shakespeare our Poet arose;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For England made Shakespeare, as Shakespeare makes England anew.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His people's ideals should clearly their kinship disclose,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To England, themselves, the more true, in that they to their Shakespeare are true.</span><br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>Shakespeare's Family</h2> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>PART I</i></h2> + +<h2>CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h3>THE NAME OF SHAKESPEARE</h3> + + +<p>The origin of the name of "Shakespeare" is hidden in the mists of +antiquity. Writers in <i>Notes and Queries</i> have formed it from Sigisbert, +or from Jacques Pierre,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> or from "Haste-vibrans." Whatever it was at +its initiation, it may safely be held to have been an intentionally +significant appellation in later years. That it referred to feats of +arms may be argued from analogy. Italian heraldry<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> illustrates a name +with an exactly similar meaning and use in the Italian language, that of +Crollalanza.</p> + +<p>English authors use it as an example of their theories. Verstegan +says<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>: "Breakspear, Shakespeare, and the like, have bin surnames +imposed upon the first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span> bearers of them for valour and feates of armes;" +and Camden<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> also notes: "Some are named from that they carried, as +Palmer ... Long-sword, Broadspear, and in some respects Shakespear."</p> + +<p>In "The Polydoron"<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> it is stated that "Names were first questionlesse +given for distinction, facultie, consanguinity, desert, quality ... as +Armestrong, Shakespeare, of high quality."</p> + +<p>That it was so understood by his contemporaries we may learn from +Spenser's allusion, evidently intended for him, seeing no other poet of +his time had an "heroic name"<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"And there, though last, not least is Aëtión;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A gentler shepherd<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> may nowhere be found,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whose Muse, full of high thought's invention,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Doth like himself heroically sound."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>If the parts of the name be significant, I take it that the correct +spelling at any period is that of the contemporary spelling of the +parts. Therefore, when spear was spelt "spere," the cognomen should be +spelt "Shakespere"; when spear was spelt "speare," as it was in the +sixteenth century, the name should be spelt "Shakespeare." Other methods +of spelling depended upon the taste or education of the writers, during +transition periods, when they seemed actually to <i>prefer</i> varieties, as +one sometimes finds a proper name spelt in three different ways by the +same writer on the same page. "Shakespeare" was the contemporary form of +the name that the author himself passed in correcting the proofs of the +"first heirs of his invention" in 1593 and 1594; and "Shakespeare" was +the Court spelling of the period, as may be seen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> by the first official +record of the name. When Mary, Countess of Southampton, made out the +accounts of the Treasurer of the Chamber after the death of her second +husband, Sir Thomas Heneage, in 1594, she wrote: "To William Kempe, +William Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> and Richard Burbage," etc.</p> + +<p>I know that Dr. Furnivall<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> wrote anathemas against those who dared to +spell the name thus, while the poet wrote it otherwise. But a man's +spelling of his own name counted very little then. He might have held +romantically to the quainter spelling of the olden time as many others +did, such as "Duddeley," "Crumwell," "Elmer."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/imagep3.jpg" width="400" height="297" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 2nd Series, ix. 459, x. 15, 86, 122; +7th Series, iv. 66; 8th Series, vii. 295; 5th Series, ii. 2.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> See Works of Goffredo di Crollalanza, Segretario-Archivista +dell' Accademia Araldica Italiana, which were brought to my notice by +Dr. Richard Garnett.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Verstegan's "Restitution of Decayed Intelligence," ed. +1605, p. 254.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Camden's "Remains," ed. 1605, p. 111.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Undated, but contemporary. <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 3rd Series, +i. 266.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Spenser's "Colin Clout's Come Home Again," 1595.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> It was a fashion of the day to call all poets "shepherds."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> "Declared Accounts of the Treasurer of the Chamber," Pipe +Office, 542 (1594). See my English article, "The Earliest Official +Record of Shakespeare's Name."—"Shakespeare Jahrbuch," Berlin, 1896, +reprinted in pamphlet form.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> "On Shakespere's Signatures," by Dr. F.J. Furnivall, in the +<i>Journal of the Society of Archivists and Autograph Collectors</i>, No. I., +June, 1895.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h3>THE LOCALITIES OF EARLY SHAKESPEARES</h3> + + +<p>We find the name occurs in widely scattered localities from very early +times. Perhaps a resembling name ought to be noted "in the hamlet of +Pruslbury, Gloucestershire,<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> where there were four tenants. This was +at one time an escheat of the King, who gave it to his valet, Simon +<i>Shakespeye</i>, who afterwards gave it to Constantia de Legh, who gave it +to William Solar, the defendant." If this represents a 1260 +"Shakespere," as there is every reason to believe it does, this is the +earliest record of the name yet found. This belief is strengthened by +the discovery that a <i>Simon Sakesper</i> was in the service of the Crown in +1278, as herderer of the Forest of Essex,<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> in the Hundred of +Wauthorn, 7 Edward I. Between these two dates Mr. J. W. Rylands<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> has +found a Geoffrey Shakespeare on the jury in the Hundred of Brixton, co. +Surrey, in 1268.<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p> + +<p>The next<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> I have noted occurs in Kent in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> thirteenth century, +where a John Shakespeare appears in a judicial case, 1278-79, at +Freyndon.</p> + +<p>The fifth notice is in the north.<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> The Hospital of St. Nicholas, +Carlisle, had from its foundation been endowed with a thrave of corn +from every ploughland in Cumberland. These were withheld by the +landowners in the reign of Edward III., for some reason, and an inquiry +was instituted in 1357. The jury decided that the corn was due. It had +been withheld for eight years by various persons, among whom was "Henry +Shakespere, of the Parish of Kirkland," east of Penrith. This gives, +therefore, really an entry of this Shakespere's existence at that place +as early as 1349, and an examination of Court Records may prove an +earlier settlement of the family.</p> + +<p>There was a transfer of lands in Penrith described as "next the land of +Allan Shakespeare," and amongst the witnesses was William +Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> April, 21 Richard II., 1398.</p> + +<p>In the "Records of the Borough of Nottingham,"<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> we find a John +Shakespere plaintiff against Richard de Cotgrave, spicer, for deceit in +sale of dye-wood on November 8, 31 Edward III. (1357); Richard, the +servant of Robert le Spondon, plaintiff against John Shakespere for +assault. John proves himself in the right, and receives damages, October +21, 1360.</p> + +<p>The first appearance yet found of the name in Warwickshire is in 1359, +when Thomas Sheppey and Henry Dilcock, Bailiffs of Coventry, account for +the property of Thomas Shakespere,<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> felon, who had left his goods and +fled.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p> + +<p>Halliwell-Phillipps<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> notes as his earliest entry of the name a Thomas +Shakespere, of Youghal, 49 Edward III. (1375). A writer in <i>Notes and +Queries</i><a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> gives a date two years later when "Thomas Shakespere and +Richard Portingale" were appointed Comptrollers of the Customs in +Youghal, 51 Edward III. (1377). This would imply that he was a highly +trustworthy man. Yet, by some turn of fortune's wheel, he may have been +the same man as the felon.</p> + +<p>In Controlment Rolls, 2 Richard II. (June, 1377, to June, 1379), there +is an entry of "Walter Shakespere, formerly in gaol in Colchester +Castle."<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> John Shakespeare was imprisoned in Colchester gaol as a +perturbator of the King's peace, March 3rd, 4 Richard II., 1381.<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> At +Pontefract, Robert Schaksper, Couper, and Emma his wife are mentioned as +paying poll-tax, 2 Rich. II.<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></p> + +<p>The Rev. Mr. Norris,<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> working from original documents, notes that on +November 24 (13 Richard II.), 1389, Adam Shakespere, who is described as +son and heir of Adam of Oldediche, held lands within the manor of +Baddesley Clinton by military service, and probably had only just then +obtained them. Oldediche, or Woldich, now commonly called Old Ditch +Lane, lies within the parish of Temple Balsall, not far from the manor +of Baddesley.</p> + +<p>This closes the notices of the family that I have collected during the +fourteenth century. The above-noted Adam Shakespere, the younger, died +in 1414,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> leaving a widow, Alice, and a son and heir, John, then under +age, who held lands until 20 Henry VI., 1441. It is not clear who +succeeded him, but probably two brothers, Ralph and Richard, who held +lands in Baddesley, called Great Chedwyns, adjoining Wroxall. Mr. Norris +says that no further mention of the name appears in Baddesley, but one +notice of the property is given later. Ralph and Joanna, his wife, had +two daughters—Elizabeth, married to Robert Huddespit, and Isolda, +married to Robert Kakley. Elizabeth Huddespit, a widow, in 1506 held the +lands which Adam Shakespeare held in 1389.</p> + +<p>The family of Shakespeare appears in the "Register of the Guild of +Knowle,"[1] a semi-religious society to which the best in the county +belonged:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1457. Pro anima Ricardi Shakespere et Alicia uxor</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">ejus de Woldiche.<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1464. Johanna Shakespere.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Radulphus Shakespere et Isabella uxor ejus et</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">pro anima Johannæ uxoris primæ.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Ricardus Schakespeire de Wroxhale et Margeria</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">uxor ejus.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1476. Thomas Chacsper et Christian cons. sue de</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Rowneton.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Johannis Shakespeyre de Rowington et Alicia</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">uxor ejus.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1486. 1 Hen. VII. Thomæ Schakspere, p aiaei.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Thomas Shakspere et Alicia uxor ejus de</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 5.5em;">Balsale.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Mr. Yeatman has studied the Court Rolls of this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> period. It is to be +wished he had published his book in two volumes, one of facts and one of +opinions. He says that the earliest record of the Court Rolls of +Wroxall<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> is one dated 5 Henry V. (1418). It is a grant by one +Elizabeth Shakspere to John Lone and William Prins of a messuage with +three crofts. (The same Rolls tell us that in 22 Henry VIII. Alice Love +surrendered to William Shakespeare and Agnes his wife a property +apparently the same.)</p> + +<p>In 1485 John Hill, John Shakespeare and others, were enfeoffed in land +called "Harveys" in Rowington, and John appears as witness in 1492 and +1496.<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></p> + +<p>There were Shakesperes at Coventry and Meriden in the fifteenth century. +John Dwale, merchant of Coventry, left legacies by will to Annes Lane +and to Richard Shakespere, March 15, 1499.<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a></p> + +<p>Among the "foreign fines" of the borough of Nottingham,<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> Robert +Shakespeyr paid eightpence for license to buy and sell in the borough in +1414-15. The same Robert complains of John Fawkenor for non-payment of +the price of wood for making arrows. And French<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> tells us there was a +Thomas Shakespere, a man at arms, going to Ireland on August 27, 18 +Edward IV., 1479, with Lord Grey against the king's enemies.</p> + +<p>John Shakespere, a chapman in Doncaster,<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> paid on each order 12d. +Among the York wills, John Shakespere of Doncaster mentions his wife, +Joan, 1458. In<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> the same year Sir Thomas Chaworth leaves Margery +Shakesper six marks for her marriage.<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a></p> + +<p>In 1448, William Shakspere, labourer, and Agnes, his wife, were legatees +under the will of Alice Langham, of Snailswell, Suffolk.<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a></p> + +<p>A family also belonged to London. Mr. Gollancz told me of a certain +"William Schakesper" who was "to be buried within the Hospital of St. +John of Jerusalem, in England," in 1413.<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> On reference to the +original, I found there was no allusion to profession, locality or +family. He left to an unnamed father and mother twenty shillings each, +and six shillings and eightpence to the hospital. The residue to William +Byrdsale and John Barbor, to dispose of for the good of his soul; proved +August 3, 1413. There was also a Peter Shakespeare who witnessed the +deed of transfer of the "Hospicium Vocatum le Greyhounde, Shoe Alley, +Bankside, Southwark, February 16, 1483."<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Coram Rege Roll, St. Barthol., 45 Henry III., Memb. 13, +No. 117. <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 5th Series, ii. 146.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Fisher's "Forest of Essex," p. 374. <i>Notes and Queries</i>, +9th Series, ii. 167.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Records of Rowington.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Coram Rege Roll, 139, M. 1, 52-53 Hen. III.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Roll of 7 Edward I.: "Placita Corone coram Johanne de +Reygate et sociis suis, justiciariis itinerantibus in Oct. St. Hil. 7 +Edward I., <i>apud</i> Cantuar." See also <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 1st Series, +vol. xi., p. 122. Mr. William Henry Hart, F.S.A., contributes a note on +the subject and gives the entry.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 2nd Series, vol. x., p. 122.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 6th Series, iv. 126.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> "Records of the Borough of Nottingham," by Mr. W. +Stevenson.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> See Dr. Joseph Hunter's MSS., Addit. MSS., Brit. Mus. +24,484, art. 246.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> In Shakespeare's "Life," prefixed to the folio edition.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, J. F. F., 2nd Series, x. 122; see +"Rot. Pat. Claus. Cancellariæ Hiberniæ Calendarium," vol. i., part i., +p. 996.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 5th Series, i. 25.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Close Rolls, 4 Richard II.; <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 7th +Series, ii. 318.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> <i>Yorksh. Archæological Journal</i>, vol. vi., p. 3. +Lay-Subsidies, 206/49, Osgodcrosse, West Riding.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 8th Series, vol. viii., December 28, +1895; "Shakespeare's Ancestry," by the Rev. Henry Norris, F.S.A.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Mr. W. B. Bickley's "The Register of the Guild of St. Anne +at Knowle," 1894. Mr. Bickley, in the <i>Stratford-on-Avon Herald</i>, +November 9, 1895, shows that "Woldiche," "Oldyche" and "Oldwich" are the +same, being a farm in the hamlet of Balsall, in the parish of Hampton in +Arden, and about three miles from Knowle.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Mr. Yeatman's "Gentle Shakespeare," p. 135.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Mr. J. W. Ryland's "Records of Rowington."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Proved May 26, 1500, Somerset House; Moone, f. 2.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> Stevenson's "Transcript of Records of the Borough of +Nottingham."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> French's "Shakespeareana Genealogica," p. 350, and 39/48 +"Ancient Miscellanea Exchequer," Treasury of Receipt, Muster Roll of Men +at Arms going with Lord Grey. At Conway, 18 Edward IV., August 24.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> Records of the House of Grayfriars. <i>Yorksh. Archæological +Journal</i>, vol. xii., p. 482.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>,6th Series, iv. 158.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> "Camden Soc. Publ.," 1851, <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 6th +Series, vi. 368.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> Commissary Court of London Wills, Reg. II., 1413, f. 12.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> The deed is preserved at Cordwainers' Hall.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CHAPTER III</h2> + +<h3>LATER SHAKESPEARES BEFORE THE POET'S TIME</h3> + + +<p>In the sixteenth century there were Shakespeares all over the country, +in Essex, Staffordshire, Worcestershire, Nottingham,<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> but chiefly in +Warwick.</p> + +<p>There the family had spread rapidly. But it is only the first half of +the century that concerns us at present. There have been Shakespeares +noted in Warwick, Alcester, Berkswell, Snitterfield, Lapworth, Haseley, +Ascote, Rowington, Packwood, Beausal, Temple Grafton, Salford, Tamworth, +Barston, Tachbrook, Haselor, Rugby, Budbrook, Wroxall, Norton-Lindsey, +Wolverton, Hampton-in-Arden, Hampton Lucy, and Knowle.<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a></p> + +<p>Most students, recognising Warwickshire as the ancestral home of the +poet's family, exclude the town of Warwick from the field of their +consideration, and select the Shakespeares of Wroxall, partly because +more is known about them, and partly because what is known of them +suggests a higher social status than is granted the other branches. From +the "Guild of Knowle Records" we learn that in 1504 the fraternity was +asked to "pray for the soul of Isabella Shakespeare, formerly Prioress +of Wroxall,"<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> that the name of Alice<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> Shakespere was entered, and +prayers requested for the soul of Thomas Shakespere, of Ballishalle, in +1511; and in the same year Christopher Shakespere and Isabella, his +wife, of Packwood, Meriden, are mentioned. The name of "Domina Jane +Shakspere" appears late in 1526. She is often spoken of as another +Prioress. Now, it is important to notice that Dugdale mentions neither +of these ladies. He records that D. Isabella Asteley was appointed July +30, 1431, and that D. Jocosa Brome, daughter of John Brome,<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> +succeeded her. She resigned in 1524, and died on June 21, 1528.</p> + +<p>Agnes Little was confirmed Prioress November 20, 1525, and at the +dissolution of the house a pension of £7 10s. was granted her for life. +The rest of her fellow nuns were exposed to the wide world to seek their +fortunes. Now Dugdale, with all his perfections, occasionally makes +mistakes. He either mistook Asteley for Shakespeare, or another +Shakespeare prioress intervened between the two that he mentions. The +"Guild of Knowle Records" give unimpeachable testimony as to the +existence and date of the Prioress, Isabella Shakespeare. In the edition +of Dugdale's "Warwickshire" by Dr. W. Thomas, 1730, and the edition of +his "Monasticon," published 1823, there is mentioned in a note that a +license for electing to the office was granted Johanna Shakespere, +Sub-Prioress, September 5, 1525. So she might have had the empty<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> title +of Domina, without the usual pension allowed to the Prioress on +dissolution.<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a></p> + +<p>After the name of Domina Johanna Shakspere in the Knowle Records occur +those of Richard Shakspere and Alice, his wife; William Shakespere and +Agnes his wife; Johannes Shakespere and Johanna his wife, 1526; Richard +Woodham and Agnes his wife, who was the sister of Richard. This Richard +Shakespere was probably the Bailiff<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> of the Priory, who shortly +before the Dissolution collected the rents and held lands from the +Priory. He, however, was replaced in his office by John Hall, who +received a patent for it on January 4, 26 Henry VIII. Among the tenants +of the dissolved Priory were mentioned<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> "Richard Shakespeare," +"William Shakespeare," and "land in the tenure of John Shakespeare, +demised to Alice Taylor, of Hanwell, in the county of Oxford."</p> + +<p>Mr. Yeatman<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> transcribes a grant of land in Wroxall by the Prioress +Isabella Shakespere to John Shakespere and Elene, his wife, in 23 Henry +VII. (Richard Shakespere on the jury).<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> But there seems to be some +error in the date, as the "Guild of Knowle Records" distinctly state +that Isabella the Prioress was either dead in 19 Henry VII. or had +retired from office.</p> + +<p>Elena Cockes, widow, late wife of John Shakespere, and Antony, her son, +appear about this land in a court held by Agnes Little, Prioress of +Wroxhall, April 21, 25 Henry VIII. William Shakespeare and Agnes were +concerned in it, Alice Lone, and many other connected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> names. A Richard +Shakespere was on the jury, and a Richard Shakespere was appointed +Ale-taster. The Subsidy Rolls do not give a John resident in Wroxall at +any date, but in 14, 15, and 16 Henry VIII. John, senior, and John, +junior, were resident in the adjoining village of Rowington, and in 34 +and 37 Henry VIII. there was one John Shakespeare there. In 16 Henry +VIII.<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a> there was a Richard Shakespere in Hampton Corley. The name +also occurs at Wroxall in that year and in Rowington in 34-5 Henry VIII. +There were also a Thomas and a Lawrence (mentioned as a cousin in a will +of a John Shakespere, 1574), at Rowington at that time, and the name of +William appears repeatedly in Wroxall. A Robert Shakespere was presented +for non-suit. Rev. Joseph Hunter<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> gives a rental of Rowington 2 +Edward VI. Among the free tenants of Lowston End was John Shakespere; at +Mowsley End, Johanna Shakespere, a widow, who seems to have died 1557, +as her will, though lost, is mentioned in the index at Worcester; a +William Shakespere and a Richard Shakespere are also mentioned. In 3 +Elizabeth Thomas Shakespere held a messuage in Lowston. In Rowington End +John Shakespere held a cottage called "The Twycroft," and Richard +Shakespere a messuage in Church End at the same time. In the reign of +Edward VI. a Richard Shakespere was on the jury for Hatton, a Court in +the Manor of Wroxall. The Wroxall Parish Registers begin too late to be +of any use (1586). The Wroxall Court Rolls mention in 1523, Richard of +Haseley; 1530-36, Richard and William; 1547, Ralph of Barston.</p> + +<p>Ralph<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> Shakespere was on the jury for Berkswell November 11, 4 Edward +VI. and 5 Edward VI. In<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> 1560 Laurence was presented, because he +overburdened the commons with his cattle. John is mentioned in a +transfer of property. Mr. J. W. Ryland gives us invaluable help in his +publication of "The Records of Rowington." John Shakespeer and Robert +Fulwood, gent., are mentioned as feoffees in the will of John Hill of +Rowington, September 23, 1502. John Shakespeare elder and younger are +frequently mentioned in the Charters of Rowington as feoffees or as +witnesses, and a John had a lease of the Harveys for twenty-one years in +1554. A Joan Shakespeare, widow, and her son Thomas, lived at Lyannce in +Hatton in 1547. In the Rental of Rowington, 1560-1, there are mentioned +Thomas, William, John and Richard. Mr. Hunter mentions a Richard +Shakespeyre, at Mansfield, co. Notts, about 1509; a Peter, in 1545; and +a John at Derby, 36 Henry VIII. A Richard Shakespere was assessed at +Hampton Carlew 16 Henry VIII.; Richard Woodham and Richard Shakspere had +a farm at Haseley. The Haseley Registers begin in 1538, and are +interesting for the fact that they record on October 21, 1571, the death +and burial of "Domina Jane," formerly a nun of Wroxall, who would seem +to have been the last sub-prioress, probably connected with Richard +Shakespere, the Bailiff. In 1558 a Roger Shakespere was buried—by some +supposed to be the old monk of Bordesley<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a>—who received 100s. +annuity.</p> + +<p>The earliest Shakespeare will at Worcester, proved at <i>Stratford</i>, was +that of Thomas Shakespere, of Alcester, 1539, who left 20s. each to his +father and mother, Richard and Margaret. He had a wife Margaret and a +son William.<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> Among other Worcester wills is that of Thomas +Shakespere of Warwick, shoe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>maker, May 20, 1557, who left his wife Agnes +lands in Balsall for life; his daughter Jone, wife to Francis Ley, £4; +to his sons Thomas and John 4 nobles each; and his son William was to be +his heir. Richard Shakysspere of Rowington, weaver, June 15, 1560, left +his property to his sons Richard and William. His brothers-in law John +and William Reve were executors and Richard Shakespeare was a witness. +In 1561 this William Reve in his will left a sheep to Margaret +Shakspere, and in 1565 Robert Shakespeere of Rowington made his will.</p> + +<p>But among all these Shakesperes we cannot certainly fix upon any one +that is directly connected with our Shakespeare. It seems <i>almost</i> +certain that John Shakespeare was son of Richard Shakespeare, of +Snitterfield. And yet many doubt it on grounds worthy of consideration, +which are treated later in the notice of John Shakespeare. Mr. Yeatman +found that an Alice Griffin, daughter of Edward, and sister of Francis +Griffin of Braybrook, married a Shakespeare. He takes it for granted +that she married Richard of Wroxall, and that it was he who came to +Snitterfield. We must beware of drawing definite conclusions, of making +over-hasty generalizations. We only collect the bricks to help future +investigators to build the edifice.</p> + +<p>The Sir Thomas Schakespeir, Curate, of Essex, Bristol and London, who +died 1559, is treated later among the Essex Shakespeares.</p> + +<p>There is one curious mention of the name which no student seems to have +worked out. A certain Hugh Saunders, <i>alias Shakespere</i>,<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> of Merton +College, Oxford, became Principal of St. Albans Hall in 1501. He was +Vicar of Meopham, in Kent, Rector of Mixbury, Canon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> of St. Paul's, and +Prebendary of Ealdstreet, in 1508; and Rector of St. Mary's, +Whitechapel, in 1512. He died 1537. Now, such an alias was common at the +time, when a man's mother was of higher social station than his father. +We may therefore, seeing he was somehow connected with Shakespeare, +imagine Hugh Saunders' mother to have been a Shakespeare. He is styled +"vir literis et virtute percelebris."</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> "George Shaksper complains against Agnes Marshall that she +detains two rosaries," June 18, 1533.—"Common Trained Soldiers in +Nottingham," Peter Shakespear, etc., 1596-97. Stevenson's "Nottingham +Records."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps' "Outlines," vol. ii., p. 252.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> Guild of Knowle Register.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> John Brome was Lord of the Manor of Baddesley Clinton, but +was murdered in the porch of the Church of the White Friars, London, +November 9, 1468, leaving a wife, Beatrice, three sons and two +daughters, one of whom was Jocosa. His son Thomas succeeded, and died +without heirs, and his second son Nicholas then inherited the property. +Eight of his children are registered in the guild of Knowle. His +son-in-law was Sir Edward Ferrers, who married Constance, to whom the +property afterwards came. Their son was Henry Ferrers, the great +Warwickshire antiquary, who succeeded at sixteen, and was Lord of the +Manor for sixty-nine years ("Baddesley Clinton," Rev. H. Norris, p. +234).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Nam Licentia concessa fuit Johanne Shakespere Sub +priorisse ad. eligend., 5 Sept., 1525; et 20 Nov., 1525, Agnes Little +confirmata fuit Priorissa de Wroxall. Vac. per resign. Joc. Brome. +Dugdale's "Monasticon," ed. 1823, vol. iv., p. 89, and "Warwickshire," +ed. 1730, p. 649.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> "Valor Ecclesiasticus," 26 Henry VIII. (1535).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Ministers' Accounts, April 24, 28 Henry VIII., and +Augmentation Books, Public Record Office.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Yeatman's "Gentle Shakespeare," pp. 138-142.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> Court Rolls, General Series, Portfolio 207, No. 99.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Addit. MSS., Brit. Mus. (24,500).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Mr. Yeatman's "Gentle Shakespeare," p. 142.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Court Roll, No. 10, p. 207.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> Nash's "Worcestershire," vol. ii., account of Tardebigg. +See Augmentation Books, October 14, 1539, 233, f. 8.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Hunter's "Prolusions," p. 9.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Wood's Colleges. Fasti Oxoniensis, Bliss, 1815. Wood, +Antiq. Oxon., L. 2, 341. Boase, Reg. Univ. Oxon. Newcourt's +"Repertorium."</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IV</h2> + +<h3>THE SHAKESPEARE COAT OF ARMS</h3> + + +<div class="figright" style="width: 200px;"> +<img src="images/imagep017.jpg" width="200" height="401" alt="NON SANZ DROICT." title="" /> +<span class="caption">NON SANZ DROICT.</span> +</div> + +<p>None of the family seem to have risen above the heraldic horizon till +John Shakespeare applied for his coat of arms. Into the contest over +that application it is well to plunge at once, and thence work backwards +and forwards. Four classes of writers wage war over the facts: the +Baconians, like the late Mr. Donnelly, who deny everything; the +Romanticists, who accept what is pleasant, and occasionally believe +manufactured tradition to suit their inclinations; the agnostic +Shakespeareans, like Halliwell-Phillipps, who really work, but believe +only what they can see and touch, if it accords with their opinions; and +the ingenuous workers who seek saving truth like the agnostics, but +bring human influences and natural inferences to bear on dusty records. +Now, Halliwell-Phillipps does not scruple to affirm that three +heralds,<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>the worthy ex-bailiff of Stratford, and the noblest poet +the world has ever produced, were practically liars in this matter, +because they make statements that do not harmonize with the limits of +his knowledge and the colour of his opinions. From his grave the poet +protests—</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Good name in man or woman, dear my lord,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Is the immediate jewel of their souls.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who steals my purse steals trash....</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But he who filches from me my good name</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Robs me of that, which not enriches him,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But leaves me poor indeed."</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Othello</i>, Act III., Scene 3.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>We must therefore at least start inquiry with the supposition that these +men thought they spoke truth. There was no reason they should not have +done so. Sir John Ferne<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> writes: "If any person be advanced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> into an +office or dignity of publique administration, be it eyther +Ecclesiasticall, Martiall or Civill ... the Herealde must not refuse to +devise to such a publique person, upon his instant request, and +willingness to bear the same without reproche, a Coate of Armes, and +thenceforth to matriculate him with his intermarriages and issues +descending in the Register of the gentle and noble.... In the Civil or +Political State divers Offices of dignitie and worship doe merite Coates +of Armes to the possessours of the same offices, as ... Bailiffs of +Cities and ancient Boroughs or incorporated townes." John Shakespeare +had certainly been Bailiff of Stratford-on-Avon in 1568-9; the draft +states that he then applied for arms, and that the herald, Cooke, had +sent him a "pattern." Probably he did not conclude the negotiations +then, thinking the fees too heavy, or he might have delayed until he +found his opportunity lost, or he might have asked them for his year of +office alone. No doubt John Shakespeare was deeply impressed with the +dignity of his wife's relatives, and wished, even then, to make himself +and his family more worthy for her sake. The tradition of this draft, or +the sight of it, may have stimulated the heart of the good son to honour +his parents by having them enrolled among the <i>Armigeri</i> of the county. +John had appeared among the "gentlemen" of Warwickshire in a government +list of 1580.<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a></p> + +<p>The Warwickshire Visitations occur in 1619, after the death of the poet, +without male heirs, and are no help to us here. In the first 1596 draft +the claims are based on John's public office, on a grant to his +antecessors by Henry VII. for special services on marriage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> with the +daughter and heir of a gentleman of worship (<i>i.e.</i>, entitled to +armorial bearings). Then a fuller draft was drawn out, also in 1596, +correcting "antecessors" into "grandfather." Halliwell-Phillipps only +mentions one at that date, but Mr. Stephen Tucker,<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> Somerset Herald, +gives facsimiles of both. Halliwell-Phillipps calls these ridiculous +assertions, and asserts that both parties were descended from obscure +country yeomen. The heralds state they were "solicited," and "on +credible report" informed of the facts. We must not forget that all the +friends intimately associated either with the Ardens or the Shakespeares +(with the exception of the Harts) were armigeri.</p> + +<p>Nobody now knows anything of that earlier pattern, nor of the patents of +the gifts "to the antecessors." But seeing, as I have seen, that sacks +full of old parchment deeds and bonds, reaching back to the fifteenth +century, get cleared out of lawyers' offices, and sold for small sums to +make drumheads or book-bindings, and seeing that this process has been +going on for 400 years, it does not seem to me surprising that some +deeds do get lost. Generally, it is those we most wish to have that +disappear. Lawyers do not, as a rule, concern themselves with historical +fragments, but with the soundness of the present titles of their clients +and their own modern duties. (I do think that historical and antiquarian +societies should bestir themselves to have old deeds included among the +"ancient monuments of the country" and entitled to some degree of +protection.)</p> + +<p>We must also consider how illiterate the inhabitants of the country were +in the reign of Henry VII., how the nation was bestrid by officials of +the Empson and Dudley type, and we have reason to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> believe that various +accidents, intentional or otherwise, caused many an old grant to +disappear at that period.</p> + +<p>It has struck me as possible that John Shakespeare may have intended +ancestors through the female line. The names of his mother and +grandmother are as yet unknown, and the supposition has never been +discussed. But in support of John Shakespeare's claim, and in opposition +to Halliwell-Phillipps's contradiction, we can prove there <i>were</i> +Shakespeares in direct service of the Crown, not merely as common +soldiers, though in 28 Henry VIII. (1537), Thomas, Richard, William and +another Richard were mentioned as among the King's forces.<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a></p> + +<p>But one Roger Shakespeare was Yeoman of the Chamber to the King, and on +June 9, 1552, shared with his fellows, Abraham Longwel and Thomas Best, +a forfeit of £36 10s.<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> This post of Yeoman of the Chamber was one of +great trust and dignity; it was the same as that held earlier by Robert +Arden, of Yoxall, the younger brother of Sir John Arden, and the +election to it suggested either inherited favour, Court interest, or +signal personal services. His ancestors might have been also the missing +ancestors of John Shakespeare. He himself may be the Roger who was +buried in Haseley in 1558, supposed by some to have been the monk of +Bordesley. He may also have been the father of Thomas Shakespeare, the +Royal Messenger of 1575, noticed later.</p> + +<p>This record proves nothing beyond the inexactitude of +Halliwell-Phillipps's sweeping statements, but it gives us a hope that +something else may somewhere else be found to fit into it and make a +fact complete. One of the facts brought forward as a reason for the +grant of arms to John Shakespeare was "that he hath<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> maryed Mary +daughter and one of the heires of Robert Arden in the same countie, +Esquire." "Gent" was originally written, and was altered to +"Esquire."<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a></p> + +<p>Some have doubted that the grant ever really took place, but Gwillim, in +his "Display of Heraldrie," 1660, notes, "Or, on a bend Sable, a tilting +Spear of the field, borne by the name of Shakespeare, granted by William +Dethick, Garter, to William Shakespear the renowned poet." Shakespeare's +crest, or cognizance, was a "Falcon, his wings displayed, Argent, +standing on a wreath of his colours, supporting a speare, gold." His +motto was, "Non Sans Droict."</p> + +<p>It is said there were objections made to this pattern on the ground that +it was too like the old Lord Mauley's.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> Probably they were only notes +of a discussion among the heralds, when it was decided that the spear +made a "patible difference," and a résumé of the qualifications was +added.</p> + +<p>This was answered on May 10, 1602, before Henry Lord Howard, Sir Robert +Sidney, and Sir Edward Dier, Chancellor of the Order of the Garter: "The +answere of Garter and Clarencieux Kings of arms, to a libellous scrowle +against certen arms supposed to be wrongfully given. Right Honorable, +the exceptions taken in the Scrowle of Arms exhibited, doo concerne +these armes granted, or the persons to whom they have been granted. In +both, right honourable, we hope to satisfy your Lordships." (They +mention twenty-three cases.) "Shakespere.—It may as well be said that +Hareley, who beareth gould, a bend between two cotizes sables,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> and all +other that (bear) or and argent a bend sables, usurpe the coat of the +Lo. Mauley. As for the speare in bend, is a patible difference; and the +person to whom it was granted hath borne magestracy, and was justice of +peace at Stratford-upon-Avon. He married the daughter and heire of +Arderne, and was able to maintaine that estate" ("MS. Off. Arm.," W. Z., +p. 276; from Malone).</p> + +<p>It has struck me that the attempt to win arms for his father was in +order to <i>continue</i> them to his mother.</p> + +<p>In the Record Office I found the other day a note that explains what I +mean: "At a Chapitre holden by the Office of Armes at the Embroyderers +Hall in London Anno 4<sup>o</sup> Reginæ Elizabethæ it was agreed, that no +inhiritrix eyther mayde wife or widdow should bear or cause to be borne +any Creast or Cognizaunce of her Ancestors otherwise than as followeth. +If she be unmaried to beare in her ringe, cognizaunce or otherwise, the +first coate of her Ancestors in a Lozenge. And during her Widdowhood to +Set the first coate of her husbande in pale with the first coate of her +Auncestor. And if she mary one who is noe gentleman, then she to be +clearly exempted from the former conclusion."<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> +Cooke, Dethicke and Camden. +</p><p> +In the description of England prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicles it is +stated: +</p><p> +"A gentleman of blood is defined to descend of three descents of +nobleness, that is to saie, of name and of armes both by father and +mother" (p. 161). "Moreover as the King doth dubbe Knights and createth +the barons and higher degrees, so gentlemen whose ancestors are not +knowen to come in with William Duke of Normandie (for of the Saxon races +yet remaining wee now make none accompt, much lesse of the British +issue), doe take their beginning in England, after this manner in our +times. Whosoever studieth the lawes of the realme, whoso abideth in the +Universitie giving his mind to his booke, or professeth physicke and the +liberall sciences, or beside his service in the roome of a captaine in +the warres, or good counsell given at home, whereby his commonwealth is +benefited, can live without manuall labour, and thereto is able and will +beare the port, charge, and countenance of a gentleman, he shall for +monie have a cote and armes bestowed upon him by heralds (who in the +charter of the same doo of custome pretend antiquitie and service, and +manie gaie things) and thereunto being made in good cheape be called +master, which is the title men give to esquires and gentlemen, and +reputed for a gentleman ever after" (Ed. 1586, pp. 161-2). +</p><p> +The same is repeated in "The Commonwealth of England and Maner of +Government thereof," by Sir Thomas Smith, London, 1589-1594, Chap. XX. +</p><p> +In a contemporary play, quoted by John Payne Collier, the herald is made +to say: +</p> +<p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"We now are faine to wait who grows in wealth,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And comes to beare some office in a towne,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And we for money help them unto armes,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For what can not the golden tempter doe?"</span><br /> +</p><p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">Robert Wilson</span>: <i>The Cobbler's Prophecy</i>.</span><br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Sir John Ferne in "The Glory of Generositie," 1586.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., cxxxvii. 68. The gentlemen +and freeholders in the countye of Warwick. Among the freeholders of +Barlichway, John Shakespeare, father of William and Thomas Shakespeare, +69. In Stratford-on-Avon John Shaxspere, and at Rowington Thomas +Shaxpere, April, 1580.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> "Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica," 2nd Series, 1886, +vol. i., p. 109, since published in a volume.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> The Musters. Archers of Rowington and Wroxall, S.P.D.S.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> State Papers, Domestic Series, Edward VI., vol. xiv., +Docquet.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> Nichols's "Herald and Genealogist," vol. i., p. 510, 1863; +and "Miscel. Gen. et Herald.," Series II., vol. i., p. 109.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> See the papers in the Bodleian Library, Ashmol. MS. 846, +art. ix., f. 50 <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>. "The answers of Garter and Clarencieux Kings +of Arms, to the Scrowle of Arms, exhibited by Raffe Brookesmouth, caled +York Herald," wherein they state that there is "a patible difference."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> State Papers, Domestic Series, Eliz., xxvi. 31, 1561.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h3>THE IMPALEMENT OF THE ARDEN ARMS</h3> + + +<p>In the later application to impale the Ardens' arms in 1599, the 1596 +draft is repeated in only slightly altered terms. "Antecessors" is +changed to "great-grandfather," and the dignity of Mary Arden's family +further elucidated. Some writers consider that, following a custom of +the day, John Shakespeare treated as <i>his</i> antecessors his wife's +ancestors. The word "<i>great-grandfather</i>" tends to exclude this notion, +as may be seen later, but the word "grandfather" would imply, if this +had been intended, that Thomas Arden himself had had the grants. It has +always been supposed that Brooke, York Herald, had exhibited some +complaint against this grant also, as he very possibly did.<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> He was +severely critical of the heraldic and genealogic matter in Camden's +"Britannia," and very bitter at the slighting way the author speaks of +heralds. He wrote a book called "The Discoveries of Certaine Errours in +the edition of 1594," which he seems to have begun at once, as on page +14 he states, "If the making of gentlemen heretofore hath been greatly +misliked by her Majestie in the Kinges of Armes; much more displeasing, +I think, it will be to her, that you, <i>being no Officer of Armes</i>, +should erect, make and put down Earles and Barons<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> at your pleasure." It +must have been peculiarly galling to him that by the influence of Sir +Fulke Greville, afterwards Lord Brooke, Camden was advanced over his +head to the dignity he himself desired. After being appointed, for +form's sake, Richmond Herald for one day, Camden was made Clarenceux, +October 23, 1597, between the first and second Shakespeare drafts. This +probably decided Brooke to publish his "Pamphlet of Errors," which, as +he dedicated it to the Earl of Essex, "Lord General of the Royal Forces +in Ireland," must have appeared in 1599. He wrote another book against +Camden, which was forbidden to be published.</p> + +<p>The draft for the impalement is also heavily corrected, probably in +comparison and discussion. Of the Shakespeare shield a note adds: "The +person to <i>whom it was granted</i> hath borne magistracy in +Stratford-on-Avon, was Justice of the Peace, married the daughter and +heir of Arderne, and was able to maintain that estate." The Heralds +first tricked the arms of the Ardens of Park Hall, Ermine a fesse chequy +or and az., but scratched them out, and substituted a shield bearing +three cross crosslets fitchée and a chief or, with a martlet for +difference.</p> + +<p>I put forward several suggestions concerning this question in an article +in the <i>Athenæum</i>.<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a></p> + +<p>The critical strictures against the Shakespeare-Arden claim are best +summed up by Mr. Nichols:<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a></p> + +<p>1. That the relation of Mary Arden to the Ardens of Park Hall was +imaginary and impossible, and those who assert it in error. 2. That the +Ardens were connected with nobility, while Robert Arden was a mere +"husbandman." 3. That the Heralds knew the claim was unfounded when they +scratched out the arms of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> Arden of Park Hall, and replaced them by the +arms of the Ardens of Alvanley, of Cheshire. This was equally +unjustifiable, but as the family lived further off, there was less +likelihood of complaint.</p> + +<p>Now we must work out the case step by step on the other side.</p> + +<p>Robert Arden, of Park Hall, spent his substance during the Wars of the +Roses, and was finally brought to the block (30 Henry VI.,<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> 1452). +His son Walter was restored by Edward IV., but he would probably be +encumbered by debts and "waste"; at least, he had but small portions to +leave to his family when he made his will<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a> (31 July, 17 Henry VII., +1502). Besides his heir, Sir John, Esquire of the Body to Henry VII., he +had a second son,<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> Thomas, to whom he leaves <i>ten</i> marks annually; a +third son, Martin, who was to have the manor of Natford; if not, then +Martin and his other sons—Robert, Henry, William—should each of them +have <i>five</i> marks annually. This is an income too small even for younger +sons to live on in those days, so it is to be supposed the father had +already either placed them, married them well, or otherwise provided for +them during his life. Among the witnesses to the will are "Thomas Arden +and John Charnells, Squires." Thomas, being the second son, might have +had something from his mother Eleanor, daughter and coheir of John +Hampden, of Great Hampden, county Bucks. This Thomas was alive in 1526, +because Sir John Arden then willed that his brothers—Thomas, Martin, +and Robert—should have their fees for life. Henry, and probably also +William, had meanwhile died, though a William seems to have been +established at Hawnes, in Bedfordshire. Seeing that Sir John was the +Esquire<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span> of the Body to Henry VII., it seems very probable that his +brother Robert was the Robert Arden, Yeoman of the Chamber, to whom +Henry VII. granted three patents: First, on February 22, 17 Henry VII., +as Keeper of the Park at Altcar,<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> Lancashire; and second, as Bailiff +of Codmore, Derby,<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> and Keeper of the Royal Park there; the third<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> +gave him Yoxall for life, at a rental of £42—afterwards confirmed. +Indeed, Leland in his "Itinerary" mentions the relationship,<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> and the +administration of Robert's goods proves it.</p> + +<p>Martin's family became connected with the Easts and the Gibbons, and his +name and arms appear in the "Visitations of Oxfordshire." Where +meanwhile was Thomas? There is no record of any Thomas Arden in +Warwickshire or elsewhere, ever supposed to be the son of Walter Arden, +save the Thomas who, the year before Walter Arden's death, was living at +Wilmecote, in the parish of Aston Cantlowe, on soil formerly owned by +the Beauchamps. On May 16, 16 Henry VII., Mayowe transferred certain +lands at Snitterfield to "Robert Throckmorton, Armiger, Thomas Trussell +of Billesley, Roger Reynolds of Henley-in-Arden, William Wood of +Woodhouse, Thomas Arden of Wilmecote, and Robert Arden, the son of this +Thomas Arden." This list is worth noting. Thomas Trussell, of an old +family, is identified by his residence.<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> He was Sheriff of the county +in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> 23 Henry VII. No Throckmorton could take precedence of him save the +Robert Throckmorton of Coughton, who was knighted six months later.<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a></p> + +<p>These men were evidently acting as trustees for the young Robert Arden. +Just in the same way this same Robert Throckmorton was appointed by +Thomas's elder brother, Sir John Arden of Park Hall, as trustee for his +children, in association with John Kingsmel, Sergeant-at-Law, Sir +Richard Empson, and Sir Richard Knightley.<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> That a man of the same +name, at the same time, in the same county, retaining the same family +friends, in circumstances in every way suitable to the second son of +Walter Arden, should be accepted for that man seems just and natural, +especially <i>when no other claimant has ever been brought forward</i>.</p> + +<p>But we <i>know</i> this Thomas Arden was Mary Arden's grandfather; this +Robert was her father; this property, that tenanted afterwards by the +Shakespeares, and left by Robert's will to his family.</p> + +<p>As the deed of conveyance of the premises at Snitterfield from Mayowe to +Arden has been often referred to, occasionally quoted, but never, so far +as I know, printed <i>in extenso</i>, I should like to preserve the copy. It +may save trouble to future investigators, and help to clear up the +connection between the Shakespeares and the Ardens. It certainly +strengthens very much Mary Arden's claim to connection with the Ardens +of Park Hall, and her descent from "a gentleman of worship," a claim the +heralds allowed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p> + +<p>"Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Johannes Mayowe de Snytterfeld +dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi, Roberto +Throkmerton Armigero, Thome Trussell de Billesley, Rogero Reynoldes de +Henley in Arden, Willelmo Wodde de Wodhouse, Thome Arderne de Wylmecote, +et Roberto Arderne filio eiusdem Thome Arderne, unum mesuagium cum suis +pertinenciis in Snytterfeld predicta, una cum omnibus et singulis terris +toftis, croftis, pratis, pascuis et pasturis eidem mesuagio spectantibus +sive pertinentibus in villa et in campis de Snytterfeld predicta cum +omnibus suis pertinenciis; quod quidem mesuagium predictum quondam fuit +Willelmi Mayowe et postea Johannis Mayowe et situatum est inter terram +Johannis Palmer ex parte una et quandam venellam ibidem vocatam +Merellane ex parte altera in latitudine et extendit se in longitudine a +via Regia ibidem usque ad quendam Rivulum, secundum metas et divisas +ibidem factas. Habendum et tenendum predictum mesuagium cum omnibus et +singulis terris Toftis, Croftis, pratis, pascuis, et pasturis predictis, +ac omnibus suis pertinenciis prefatis Roberto Throkmerton, Thome +Trussell, Rogero Reynoldes, Willelmo Wodde, Thome Arderne et Roberto +Ardern heredibus et assignatis suis de capitalibus dominis feodi illius +per servicia inde debita et de jure consueta imperpetuum. Et ego vero +predictus Johannes Mayowe et heredes mei mesuagium predictum cum omnibus +et singulis terris Toftis Croftis, pratis, pascuis et pasturis +supradictis ac omnibus suis pertinenciis prefatis Roberto Throckmerton, +Thome Trussell, Rogero Reynoldes, Willelmo Wodde, Thome Arderne et +Roberto Arderne heredibus et assignatis suis contra omnes gentes +Warrantizabimus et defendemus imperpetuum.</p> + +<p>"Et insuper sciatis me prefatum Johannem Mayowe assignasse, constituisse +et in loco meo posuisse dilectos<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> michi in Christo Thomam Clopton de +Snytterfeld predicta gentilman et Johannem Porter de eadem meos veros et +legitimos Attornatos conjunctim et divisim ad intrandum vice et nomine +meo in predictum mesuagium cum omnibus et singulis premissis et +pertinenciis suis quibuscunque et ad plenam et pacificam seisinam pro me +ac vice et nomine meo inde capiendam et postquam hujusmodi seisina dicta +capta fuerit ad deliberandam pro me ac vice et nomine meo prefatis +Roberto Throkmerton, Thome Trussell, Rogero Reynoldes, Willelmo Wodde, +Thome Arderne et Roberto Arderne plenam et pacificam possessionem et +seisinam de et in eodem mesuagio ac omnibus et singulis premissis, +secundum vim, formam et effectum huius presentis carte mee. Ratum et +gratum habens et habiturus totum et quicquid dicti attornati mei vice et +nomine meo fecerint seu eorum alter fecerit in premisses. In cuius rei +testimonium huic presenti carte mee et scripto meo sigillum meum +apposui. Hiis testibus Johanne Wagstaffe de Aston Cauntelowe Roberto +Porter de Snytterfield predicta Ricardo Russheby de eadem, Ricardo +Atkyns de Wylmecote predicta, Johanne Alcokkes de Newenham et aliis. +Datum apud Snytterfield predictam die lune proximo post festum +invencionis Sancte Crucis Anno Regni Regis Henrici Septimi post +conquestum Sexto decimo."<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a></p> + +<p>Mr. Nichols' second objection was that in records he is styled +"husbandman"; but the word is an old English equivalent for a farmer, in +which sense it is often used in old wills and records. And in the +examination of John Somerville,<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> Edward Arden's son-in-law (also of +high descent), he stated "that he had received no visitors of late, but +certain 'husbandmen,'<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> near neighbours." The Arden "husbandman" of +Wilmecote in 1523 and 1546<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> paid the same amount to the subsidy as +the Arden Esquire of Yoxall<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> in 1590, when money was of less value.</p> + +<p>Mr. Nichols' third assertion, that the heralds scratched out the arms of +the Ardens of Park Hall, because they <i>dared</i> not quarter them with +those of the Shakespeares, shows that he omitted certain considerations. +That family was under attainder then.</p> + +<p>Drummond<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> exemplifies many arms of Arden, and traces them back to +their derivation. He notices that the "elder branch of the Ardens took +the arms of the old Earls of Warwick; the younger branches took the arms +of the Beauchamps, with a difference. In this they followed the custom +of the Earls of Warwick." The Ardens of Park Hall therefore bore ermine, +a fesse chequy, or, and az., arms derived from the old Earls of Warwick; +and this was the pattern scratched out in John Shakespeare's quartering. +But the reason lay in no breach of connection, but in the fact that Mary +Arden was an heiress, not in the eldest line, but through a <i>second +son</i>. A possible pattern for a younger son was three cross crosslets +fitchée and a chief or. As such they were borne by the Ardens of +Alvanley, with a crescent for difference. They were borne without the +crescent by Simon Arden of Longcroft,<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> the second son of the next +generation, and full cousin of Mary Arden's father. It is true that +among the tombs at Yoxall the fesse chequy appeared, but there is +evident confusion in their use. Martin Arden of Euston was probably in +the wrong to assume when he did the arms of his elder brother; William +Arden of Hawnes, if the sixth son, county Bedford, bore the same arms as +those proposed for Mary Arden, and it is implied that Thomas, her +father, had borne them. In the Heralds' College is the draft: +"Shakespere impaled with the Aunceyent armes of the said Arden of +Willingcote" (volume marked R. 21 outside and G. XIII. inside).</p> + +<p>If the three cross crosslets fitchée were the correct arms for Thomas +Arden as the second son of an Arden, who might bear ermine, a fesse +chequy or, and az., the crescent would have been the correct difference, +but it had long been borne by the Ardens of Alvanley, in Cheshire, who +branched off from the Warwickshire family early in the thirteenth +century. The heralds therefore differenced the crosslets with a martlet, +usually, but by no means universally, the mark of cadency for a fourth +son at that time.<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> Thus, Glover<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> enumerates among the arms of +Warwickshire and Bedfordshire: "Arden or Arderne gu., three cross +crosslets fitchée or; on a chief of the second a martlet of the first. +Crest, a plume of feathers charged with a martlet or." If heraldry has +anything, therefore, to say to this dispute, it is to support the claim +of Thomas Arden to being a cadet of the Park Hall family, and thereby to +include Mary Arden and her son in the descent from Ailwin, Guy of +Warwick, and the Saxon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> King Athelstan. Camden and the other heralds +were only seeking correctness in their draft of the restitution of the +Ardens' arms. The hesitation as to exactitude among the varieties of +Arden arms was the cause of the notes. See "The Booke of Differ.," 61; +see "Knights of E.I.," folios 2, 28, etc., on the draft.</p> + +<p>It has been considered strange that, after the application and even +after the grant (preserved in MS. "Coll. of Arms," R. 21), no use +thereof can be proved, though the heralds added to the former grant: +"and we have lykewise uppon an other escucheon impaled the same with the +auncient arms of the said Arden of Wellyngcote, signifying thereby that +it maye and shalbe lawfull, for the said John Shakespeare, gent., to +beare and use the same shields of arms, single or impaled, as aforesaid, +during his natural lyfe, and that it shalbe lawful for his children, +issue, and posterity, to beare, use, quarter, and shewe the same with +their dewe difference, in all lawfull warlyke faites and civill use" +(<i>Ibid.</i>, G. XIII.).</p> + +<p>John Shakespeare did not live long after his application, dying in 1601.</p> + +<p>Whether or not the grant of the impaled Arden arms was completed before +his death, there is no record of his using them. Whether his son ever +used the impalement we do not now know, but it does not appear on any of +the tombs or seals that have been preserved. But the Shakespeare arms +have been certainly used.</p> + +<p>William Shakespeare was mercilessly satirized by his rivals, Ben Jonson +and others,<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> about his coat of arms;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> but it was the recognition of +his descent that secured him so universally the attribute of "gentle." +As Davies, addressing Shakespeare and Burbage in 1603, says:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"And though the stage doth stain pure gentle blood,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Yet generous ye are in mind and mood."<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>We must not forget there would be possible ill-feeling among the +families of the Arden sisters, when the youngest, whom they had probably +always pitied and looked down on, because of her comparatively +unfortunate marriage, should have the audacity to think of using the +arms of their father, to which they had never aspired.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 558px;"> +<img src="images/imagep035.jpg" width="558" height="450" alt="OLD HOUSE AT WILMECOTE, BY SOME SUPPOSED TO BE ROBERT +ARDEN'S" title="" /> +<span class="caption">OLD HOUSE AT WILMECOTE, BY SOME SUPPOSED TO BE ROBERT +ARDEN'S<br /> +<i>To face p. 35.</i></span> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> He tried in every way to prove Camden wrong, but his +bitterness only hurt himself. His strictures were confuted before the +highest authority.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> August 10, 1895, p. 202.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> "Herald and Genealogist," vol. i., p. 510, 1863; and +<i>Notes and Queries</i>, Series III., vol. v., p. 493.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," p. 925.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> Preserved at Somerset House, 8 Porch.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> Dugdale places the sons in another order.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> Pat. Henry VII., second part, mem. 30, February 22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> Same series, mem. 35, September 9.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Pat. 23 Henry VIII., September 24, first part, mem. 12.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> "Arden of the court, brother to Sir John Arden of Park +Hall." "Itinerary," vi. 20, about 1536-42.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> Sir Warine Trussell held Billesley 15 Edward III. The will +of Sir William Trussell of Cublesdon, 1379, mentions a bequest to his +cousin, "Sir Thomas d'Ardene" ("Testamenta Vetusta," Sir N. H. Nicolas, +vol. i., p. 107). William Trussell was made a brother of the Guild of +Knowle 1469, and there is an entry in 1504 of a donation "for Sir +William Trussell and for his soul": "To Thomas Trussell, farmer of the +said Bishop of Worcester; in Knowle for the Worke-silver 4/4" (37 Henry +VIII., Report. "Register of the Guild of Knowle," Introduction, p. +xxvi., by Mr. W. B. Bickley). Alured Trussell, born 1533, married +Margaret, daughter of Robert Fulwood, and their daughter Dorothy married +Adam Palmer, Robert Arden's friend. French thinks that the wife, either +of Thomas or of Robert, was a Trussell.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> His son George succeeded him in 1520. Edward Arden, of +Park Hall, was brought up in his care, and married Mary, his son +Robert's daughter.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> See p. 184.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> Deed of Conveyance of Premises at Snytterfield. +(Transcribed from the Miscellaneous Documents of Stratford-on-Avon), +vol. ii., No. 83.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> State Papers, Domestic Series, Elizabeth, 1583, clxiii., +21.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> In the Subsidy Rolls 15 Henry VII., Thomas Arden was +assessed on £12, and Robert Arden on £8 (192/128). Subsidy, Aston +Cantlowe, March 10, 37 Henry VIII., 1546, Robert Arden, assessed on +property valued at £10; Walter Edkyns, £10; John Jenks, £6; John +Skarlett, £8; Thomas Dixson, £8; Roger Knight, £8; Richard Ingram, £6; +Thomas Gretwyn, £5; Margaret Scarlet, £5; Richard Edkyns, £6; Robert +Fulwood, £5; Nicholas Gibbes, £5; Richard Green, £5; William Hill, £5 +(Mr. Hunter's "Prolusions," 37, note). Thomas Arden of Park Hall at the +same time was assessed on £80; but Simon Arden was only assessed on £8 +(192/179).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> French, "Genealogica Shakespeareana," p. 423; and Nichols' +"History of Leicestershire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> H. Drummond's "Noble British Families," vol. i. (2).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> See Fuller's "Worthies of Warwickshire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> "The several marks of cadency which have <i>of late years</i> +been made use of for the distinction of houses ... for the second son a +crescent, the third a mullet, the fourth a martlet" (Glover's +"Heraldry," vol. i., p. 168, ed. 1780).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, vol. ii., ed. 1780.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> In the "Return from Parnassus," 1606, Studiosus says of +the players: +</p><p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Vile world that lifts them up to high degree,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And treads us down in grovelling misery,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">England affords these glorious vagabonds</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That carried erst their fardels on their backs</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Coursers to ride on through the gazing streets,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sweeping it in their glaring satin suits,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And pages to attend their masterships.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With mouthing words that better wits have framed,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They purchase lands and now esquires are made."</span><br /> +</p><p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">Act V., Sc. 1.</span></span><br /> +</p> +<p> +The satire in "Ratsey's Ghost" also may refer to Shakespeare, though +Alleyn and others might be intended. +</p><p> +Freeman, in his "Epigrams," 1614, asks: +</p><p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Why hath our age such new-found 'gentles' found</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To give the 'master' to the farmer's son?"</span><br /> +</p> +<p> +But his high praise of Shakespeare elsewhere shows he does not refer to +him.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> John Davies of Hereford's "Microcosmus, The Civil Warres +of Death and Fortune."</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VI</h2> + +<h3>THE ARDENS OF WILMECOTE</h3> + + +<p>It is unfortunate that we know so little about Thomas Arden, Mary +Shakespeare's "antecessor." A quiet country gentleman he seems to have +been, marrying for love, and not for property, or his wife's descent +might have helped us to clear his own. I do not think she was a +Throckmorton, but I think she was very probably a Trussell, which Mr. +French also suggests. Joane was a Trussell name, and Billesley held some +attraction to the family. We are not sure of anything about Thomas +except the purchase of Snitterfield, the year before Sir Walter Arden's +death, and his payment of the subsidies in 1526 and 1546. It is probable +he was the "Thomas Arden, Squier," who witnessed the will of Sir Walter +in 1502; it is <i>possible</i> he was the Thomas Arden who witnessed the will +of John Lench<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> of Birmingham in 1525, though it is more likely that +this latter Thomas was his nephew, the heir of Park Hall. Thomas of +Wilmecote is supposed to have died in 1546, but no will has been +discovered. Probably he had handed over his property to his son in his +lifetime. There is no trace of another child than Robert.</p> + +<p>Robert was probably under age when his father purchased Snitterfield, +and hence the need of trustees in association with the purchase. On +December 14<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> and 21, 1519, Robert Arden purchased another property in +Snitterfield from Richard Rushby and Agnes his wife,<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> and he bought +also a tenement from John Palmer on October 1, 1529.<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> One of his +tenants was Richard Shakespeare. He and his tenant were both presented +for non-suit of court in 30 Henry VIII.</p> + +<p>He contributed to the subsidy in Wilmecote in 1526 and 1546. We know no +more of his first wife than we know of his mother. She might have been +either a Trussel or a Palmer. But we know that he had seven<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> +daughters, who all bore Arden family names: <i>Agnes</i>, who married first +John Hewyns, and secondly Thomas Stringer, by whom she had two sons, +John and Arden Stringer; <i>Joan</i>, who married Edmund Lambert, of +Barton-on-the-Heath, who had a son, John Lambert; <i>Katharine</i>, who +married Thomas Edkyns of Wilmecote, who had a son, Thomas Edkyns the +younger; <i>Margaret</i>, who married first Alexander Webbe of Bearley (by +whom she had a son Robert), and secondly Edward Cornwall; <i>Joyce</i>, of +whom there is no record but in her father's settlement and will;<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> +<i>Alice</i>, who was one of the co-executors of her father's will, but of +whom there is no further record; and <i>Mary</i>, the other executor, who +married John Shakespeare. The exact dates of their birth are not known. +Robert may be supposed to have been married about 1520, and it is +probable that Mary was born about 1535. It is <i>likely</i> that she was of +age when made executor in 1556, but not at all <i>necessary</i>.</p> + +<p>Robert Arden married again when his family had grown up—probably in +1550—Agnes Webbe, who had been assessed as the widow of Hill of Bearley +on £7, in 37 Henry VIII., 1546. On July 17, 1550, Robert<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> Arden made two +settlements of the Snitterfield estates, probably upon his marriage.<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> +In the first,<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> he devised estates at Snitterfield in trust to Adam +Palmer and Hugh Porter, for the benefit, after the death of himself and +his wife, of his three married daughters—Agnes, Joan and Katharine. In +the second, a similar deed,<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a> in favour of three other +daughters—Margaret (then married to Alexander Webbe of Bearley), Joyce +and Alice. Mary is not mentioned, probably because the Asbies estate was +even then devoted to her.</p> + +<p>Robert Arden, sick in body, but good and perfect of remembrance, made +his last will and testament<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> November 23, 1556, and he must have died +shortly after. This will of itself answers the question as to his +worldly position, and as to the meaning of the word "husbandman" in his +case. The wage of a working "husbandman" at the time was from 25s. to +33s. a year.<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a> His will discloses property on a level with many +"<i>gentlemen</i>" of his time and his county. It gives a strong suggestion +that Mrs. Arden was not on the best of terms with her stepchildren. +Robert bequeathed his soul "to God and the blessed Lady Saint Mary, and +all the holye company of heaven," and his body to be buried in the +churchyard of Saint John the Baptist at Aston Cantlowe. "Also I +bequeathe to my youngest daughter Marye all my land at Willincote +caulide Asbyes, and the crop upon the grownde sown and tythde as hitt is +... and vi<sup>li</sup> xiii<sup>s</sup> iiii<sup>d</sup> of money to be paid her or ere my goodes be +devided. Also I gyve<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> and bequeathe to my daughter Ales, the thyrde +parte of all my goodes moveable and unmoveable in fylde and towne after +my dettes and leggessese performyde, besydes that goode she hath of her +owne all this tyme. Allso I give and bequethe to Agnes my wife vi<sup>li</sup> +xiii<sup>s</sup> iiii<sup>d</sup> upon this condysion that she shall sofer my dowghter Ales +quyetly to ynjoye half my copyhold in Wyllincote during the tyme of her +wyddewoode; and if she will nott soffer my dowghter Ales quyetly to +occupy half with her, then I will that my wyfe shall have but iii<sup>li</sup> +vi<sup>s</sup> viii<sup>d</sup>, and her gintur in Snytterfelde. Item, I will that the +residew of all my goodes, moveable and unmovable, my funeralles and my +dettes dyschargyd, I gyve and bequeathe to my other children to be +equaleye devidide amongeste them by the descreshyon of Adam Palmer, Hugh +Porter of Snytterfelde, and Jhon Skerlett, whom I do orden and make my +overseers of this my last will and testament, and they to have for their +peynes takyng in this behalfe xx<sup>s</sup> apece. Allso I orden and constitute +and make my full exequtores Ales and Marye my dawghters of this my last +will and testament, and they to have no more for their paynes takyng now +as afore geven to them. Allso I gyve and bequethe to every house that +hath no teeme in the paryche of Aston, to every house iiii<sup>d</sup>. Thes being +witnesses Sir William Bouton Curett, Adam Palmer, Jhon Skerlett, Thomas +Jhenkes, William Pytt, with other mo." Proved at Worcester, December 16, +1556, by Alice and Mary Arden. It is interesting to learn from the +inventory the nature of the furniture, and the prices of the period. +There were eleven "painted cloths" in the various rooms, the substitutes +for ancient tapestry even in good homes.</p> + +<p>The value of the goods, movable and unmovable, independently of the +landed property, was calculated to be £76 11s. 10d. This was a large sum +for the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> period. Probably even then the goods were worth much more, as +the prices entered are relatively low for the date. Certainly it is +necessary to multiply the value by ten to translate it into modern +figures, and that would give a good estimate for the saleable value of a +houseful of furniture now.</p> + +<p>After her sister's and her stepmother's legacies of £6 13s. 4d., after +the payment of 4d. to every family in the parish, and of 20s. to the +overseers, all debts being paid, Alice was to have a third—that is, the +third that by old English law belonged to the dead. She would thus have +at least £13 worth in kind, along with her interest in Snitterfield and +what goods "she had of her own." The others would have about £5 each. It +may be noted the widow was left no furniture or goods. She may have +claimed the widow's third, though the effect of her jointure was to +disturb the law of dower. She seems to have had furniture of her own. +She evidently stayed on in her husband's home, and apparently brought +her own children there.</p> + +<p>Mary Hill was married to John Fulwood, November 15, 1561, at Aston +Cantlow. Agnes Arden, widow, made her will in 1578. The opinion that +there was no great friendliness with her husband's family is +strengthened thereby, yet there was not the absolute estrangement some +writers have supposed. Halliwell-Phillipps states that she does not +mention a member of her husband's family. She left legacies to the poor, +to her godchildren, to her grandchildren, and the residue to her son and +son-in-law in trust for their children. She left twelve pence to John +Lambert, her stepdaughter Joan's son, and twelve pence to each of her +brother Alexander Webbe's children, one of whom, at least, was the son +of her stepdaughter Margaret. She left nothing to any of her +stepdaughters, and nothing to any of the young Shakespeares. The +overseers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> were Adam Palmer and George Gibbs; so she had been able to +keep friendly with her husband's friend. The witnesses were Thomas +Edkins (a stepdaughter's husband), Richard Petyfere, and others. She was +buried on December 29, 1580, and the inventory of her goods was taken +January 19, 1580-81. The low rate at which it is calculated is +remarkable. "Item 38 sheep £3; fivescore pigs £13 4s.," etc. The sum +total was £45. The will was proved on March 31, 1581.</p> + +<p>The friendliness between the Shakespeares and the other Arden families +seems to have been unstable. Aunt Joan's husband, Edmund Lambert, of +Barton-on-the-Heath, and their son John, through rather sharp practice +for cousinly customs, became owners of Asbies. There is a hazy suspicion +even about the bonâ fides of the Edkins. Agnes had settled rather far +off at the home of the Stringers, in Stockton, co. Salop. In February, +1569, Thomas Stringer devised to Alexander Webbe his share of +Snitterfield. John Shakespeare was one of the witnesses to the +indenture. Alexander Webbe, it is true, made John Shakespeare, his +brother-in-law, the overseer of his will at his death in 1573.</p> + +<p>Joyce Arden and Alice Arden seem both to have died unmarried, without +leaving a will. There is no further mention of Alice, the wealthier of +the two maiden sisters, resident at Aston Cantlow, neither has there +hitherto been made any suggestion concerning Joyce, and her death does +not appear in the parish registers. Now, it was an exceedingly common +custom of the time for poorer single relatives to enter into the service +of wealthier members of the family; for "superfluous women" even, who +were not poor, to go where they were wanted in other homes. Might she +not have gone in such a capacity to one of the houses of the Ardens of +Park Hall? In Worcestershire, near Stourbridge, there is a parish called +Pedmore, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> hall of the same name, then inhabited by the Arden +family. The registers there record the death of a "Mistress Joyce Arden" +in 1557, to whose family there is no clue: and I cannot but think she +was Shakespeare's aunt, as the Joyce of Park Hall was married.</p> + +<p>The Webbes<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a> gradually bought up the reversionary shares of the other +Arden sisters in Snitterfield, and held the whole as tenants under Mrs. +Arden, widow. But the story of the Shakespeares' transfer is so +curiously mixed up with their other actions that they must be taken +together, in order to get a contemporary view of the matter. We find +that John Shakespeare had apparently pinched himself in 1575 to purchase +two houses in Stratford-on-Avon for £40, believed to be in Henley +Street<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a>. By 1578, for some reasons not explained, he was excused his +share in municipal charges<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a>, and by a will of "Roger Sadler" Baker in +that year, we know that he was in debt to him, and under circumstances +that necessitated a security. "Item of Edmund Lambert and —— Cornish +for the debte of Mr. John Shakesper v<sup>li</sup><a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a>." John Shakespeare +mortgaged Asbies to Edmund Lambert for a loan of £40 on November 14, +1578<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a>, the fine being levied Easter, 1579, the mortgagee treating the +matter as a purchase<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> + +<p>There is a curious complexity caused by a lease of the same property +being apparently granted to George Gibbes, and a double fine +levied<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a>—<i>i.e.</i>, parties brought in who were strangers to the title; +and a double fine appears to have been levied for technical purposes +when the estate was entailed<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a>. These other names were Thomas Webbe +and Humphrey Hooper<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a>. The mortgage loan was made repayable at +Michaelmas, 1580, when the lease commenced to run, and things seemed to +have been made safe for the Shakespeares. Then they proceeded to sell a +parcel<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a> of the Snitterfield property to Robert Webbe for £40 on +October 15, 1579. The description is worded loosely: "John Shakespeare +yeoman and Mary his wife ... all that theire moietye, parte and partes, +be yt more or lesse, of and in twoo messuages," etc. The indenture is +long<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a>, and written in English, and would seem to have been signed at +Wilmcote<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a>.</p> + +<p>A bond was drawn up on the 25th of the same month, carrying a penalty of +twenty marks against the Shakespeares if they infringed the above +conditions, also signed in the presence of Nicholas Knolles, the Vicar +of Auston or Alveston<a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a>. Another deed, the final concord,<a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a> is +drawn up in Latin: "in curia domine Regine apud Westmonasterium a die +Pasche in quindecim dies anno regnorum Elizabethe ... vicesimo secundo +... inter Robertum Webbe querentem et Johannem Shackspere et Mariam +uxorem ejus, deforciantes <i>de sexta parte duarum partium duorum +messuagiorum</i> ...<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> idem Robertus dedit predictis Johannis et Marie +quadraginta libras sterlingorum." On this sale Robert Webbe paid a fine +of 6s. 8d. for licence of entry to the Sheriff of the County.<a name="FNanchor_107_107" id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a></p> + +<p>Now, this apparently second sale has puzzled many Shakespeareans, as +well as the "fraction." Even Halliwell-Phillipps<a name="FNanchor_108_108" id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a> supposes that +"John Shakespeare had some small interest in Snitterfield of his own," +which he parted with for £4, and that "Mary Shakespeare was entitled +to a share through an earlier settlement." Others have thought, however, +that the first was but a draught deed of the indenture, the £4 the +earnest money, and the "final concord" for £40 the conclusion of the +whole. This is supported by the absolute indefiniteness of the first as +to part or parts in two messuages, and by the apparent definiteness of +the second. But the peculiar wording has further puzzled many writers. +In referring to Robert Arden's settlements, we find that one tenement is +settled upon three daughters, and the other tenement settled upon other +three daughters, Mary's name not being mentioned. How, then, was she +empowered to sell any share? It could only be by inheritance or by gift +from some of her other sisters. The course of events showed it was not +of free gift. But Joyce and Alice had apparently vanished from the +scene. If they left no will, their shares would be divisible into equal +parts among their surviving sisters by common law, and through her +fraction of their shares Mary Shakespeare could step in as part owner of +Snitterfield. Now, it is quite possible that the first sale of 1579 was +an indefinite sale of Mary's share of Joyce's portion; and it is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> +possible that Alice died in that year, and increased the share of her +sisters, so that the two portions were treated together in the deed of +1580. Seeing that the two portions of the property had long been held +together by the Webbes, it is quite natural to read "the sixth part of +two" rather than "the third of one," as each sister originally read her +share. Now, if Mary had lost both of her sisters, it is quite natural to +read her share as "the sixth part of two <i>parts</i> or portions of two +tenements." This has not yet been thus simply explained. But it is not +strictly correct; for while the share of the first sister would bring +Mary "the sixth part of one part of two tenements," the death of the +second sister should have secured her the <i>fifth part</i> of one part of +two tenements, plus the fraction already inherited by the second from +the first, or, more simply, the fifth part of two parts of two +tenements. It was near enough, however, for all practical purposes, and +Robert Webbe seems duly to have handed over the money to John +Shakespeare. Robert Webbe's eagerness to buy, and the Shakespeares' need +of the money, seems to have determined the price. Forty pounds was a +large sum for such a fraction of the whole. Robert Webbe's readiness may +be accounted for, because he was on the eve of marriage. There was a new +settlement<a name="FNanchor_109_109" id="FNanchor_109_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a> of estates at Snitterfield on the occasion of his +marriage to Mary, daughter of John Perkes, September 1, 23 Elizabeth, +and an agreement between Edward Cornwall<a name="FNanchor_110_110" id="FNanchor_110_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a> (stepfather to Robert +Webbe) and William Perkes, respecting an estate in Snitterfield, and a +proviso against any claim from the Ardens.</p> + +<p>But it was not from the Ardens that any difficulty arose. Before the +death of Mrs. Agnes Arden, she was called to support her claim and that +of all her stepdaughters, based on a supposition of entail, against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> the +descendants of the Mayowe who had sold his property to Thomas and Robert +Arden in 1501. Being described as old and infirm, a Commission was +directed to Bartholomew Hales, Lord of the Manor of Snitterfield, and +Nicholas Knolles, Vicar of Alveston, to take her deposition concerning +it, in July, 1580.<a name="FNanchor_111_111" id="FNanchor_111_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a> She died in December of that year; and in 1582 +John Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a> and his brother Henry, and Adam Palmer, with +others, were called on to give evidence in the case between Thomas +Mayowe and Robert Webbe, before Sir Fulk Grevyle, Sir Thomas Lucy, +Humphrey Peto, and William Clopton, Commissioners. Their depositions in +support of the deed of transfer seem to have been sufficient, and we +hear no more of Mayowe. The newly-married couple settled down on the +inheritance of the Ardens, and the old home of the Shakespeares.</p> + +<p>Concerning Mary Arden's special inheritance at Asbies, there is a sadder +story to tell. Whether John Shakespeare could read or not, he was +certainly not a Latin scholar, and though not ignorant of many points of +common law, was not up to all the technicalities used at times to +confuse the truth. It is evident that there had been some verbal +agreement between him and Edmund Lambert on which he relied, but that +the written deed was all that John Lambert accepted.<a name="FNanchor_113_113" id="FNanchor_113_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a> On selling the +main portion of his wife's property at Snitterfield, John Shakespeare +seems to have walked right off with the money to Edmund Lambert, of +Barton-on-the-Heath, to redeem his mortgage, and reinstate himself as +owner of Asbies, free to grant a lease or sale on his own terms. But +through a quibble, which "was not in the bond," Edmund Lambert refused +to accept this until certain other debts were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> also paid. Thereby he +gained the shelter of time, which "was in the bond," and put Shakespeare +at a legal disadvantage, though it is evident from the later papers that +a verbal agreement had taken place to extend the time, seeing that the +money had been tendered. We may be sure that the property was worth more +than £40 in hard cash to either, and more, in romantic associations, to +the Shakespeares. For it was a part of Thomas Arden's original property. +How he came by it, no one is sure. French<a name="FNanchor_114_114" id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a> suggests it might have +been given him by the Beauchamps of Bergavenny, who had intermarried +with the Ardens, and had been more than once known to have been in +friendly relations. The guardian of Robert Arden, his grandfather, had +been the Lady of Bergavenny, and Elizabeth Beauchamp was godmother to +Elizabeth Arden, daughter of Walter and sister of Thomas, whom we take +to be the Thomas of Aston Cantlow.</p> + +<p>Edmund Lambert died in 1587, and his son John seems to have been +threatened by the Shakespeares with a law-suit for the recovery of +Asbies, and proposed as a compromise to pay a further sum of £20, +thereby securing Asbies as by purchase. To this, however, the consent, +not only of Mary, but of William, her heir, was necessary, and the poet +is supposed to have come down to Stratford on the occasion to act with +his parents. But probably there was some other hitch: the £20 may have +been held to be covered by the "other debts," which already had done +service for Edmund Lambert; or the Shakespeares weighed their desire to +have back the land, which they probably then wished, with their growing +family, to farm themselves. Nothing seems then to have been settled, and +they were too poor to risk the perils of a great law-suit. Doubtless, +with sad hearts and bitter retrospect, they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> regretted their unlucky +purchases in 1575, which seemed to have pinched them so, and wished at +least they had been contented with the half, with the one tenement in +Henley Street that formed part of their residence. For, had they only +spent £20 then instead of £40, they could have repaid their hard-dealing +relative not only the smaller mortgage, but the "other debts," out of +the £40 they received for Snitterfield from the more liberal Robert +Webbe.</p> + +<p>Finding John Lambert even harder to deal with than his father, John +Shakespeare brought a Bill of Complaint against him in the Court of +Queen's Bench,<a name="FNanchor_115_115" id="FNanchor_115_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a> 1589, by John Harborne, attorney, in which his wife +and son are mentioned. Nothing seems then to have been done. On November +24, 1597, backed by their son's influence and money, John and Mary +Shakespeare, plaintiffs, without associating their son's name, made a +formal complaint to the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Egerton,<a name="FNanchor_116_116" id="FNanchor_116_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a> +stating that Edmund Lambert was to hold it only until repaid the loan, +that the money had been duly tendered to him on the agreed date, that he +had refused it, and that his son John holds the land still, and makes +secret estates of the premises, the nature of which they cannot +describe, as the papers have been withheld them; that their papers and +evidences are open to the court. They add further that "the sayde John +Lamberte ys of greate wealthe and abilitie, and well frended and allied +amongst gentlemen and freeholders of the county ... and your saide +oratores are of small wealthe and very fewe frendes and alyance in the +said countie. They pray a writ of subpœna to be directed to John +Lambert to appear in the Court of Chancery."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> + +<p>John Lambert, pointing out the uncertainty and insufficiency of the +plaintiff's bill, also that the bill had <i>already been exhibited against +him</i> in the same court, and he had fully answered it, asserts that the +arrangement was a deed of sale, with the conditional proviso that if +John Shakespeare should pay £40 on the Feast of St. Michael the +Archangel, 1580, to Edmund Lambert, in Barton-on-the-Heath, the bill of +sale should be void. He did not pay the money on the day, and therefore +his father was legally seized of the estate.</p> + +<p>To this John and Mary Shakespeare replied, and again explained that the +money was tendered at the date, and that Edmund Lambert refused to +receive it unless other moneys also were paid, of which no condition had +been fixed; that on the death of Edmund, John had stepped into +possession, and refused to hear anything from them.<a name="FNanchor_117_117" id="FNanchor_117_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a> John Lambert +had another quibble, that John Shakespeare had exhibited two bills +against him, one in his own name, and one associating his wife's. On +July 5, 1598, July 10, 1598, and May 18, 1599, further steps were taken, +but still no decision was reached. Therefore, on June 27, 1599, a +commission was appointed to examine both parties. In the Index Trin. +Term, 41 Elizabeth, there is the entry "Shackspeere contra Lambert," but +the page that contained further notice is lost.</p> + +<p>On October 23, 1599, another entry of the case is recorded: "Yf the +defendant show no cause for stay of publicacion by this day sevenight, +then publicacion ys granted"; but nothing more has come to us. Probably +delay helped the more powerful, certainly possession proved nine-tenths +of the law, and the expenses of legal action even then were +paralyzing.<a name="FNanchor_118_118" id="FNanchor_118_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a> It is strange<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> that the fate of Asbies as a property is +unknown. There are traces of its being in the possession of Adam Edkins +in 1668, of one John Smith after him, and of Clement Edkins in +1699,<a name="FNanchor_119_119" id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a> but the name seems to have vanished, and with it all +remembrance of the boundary of the inheritance of the Ardens of +Wilmcote.</p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 698px;"> +<img src="images/mardentree.jpg" width="698" height="787" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> See "Survey of Birmingham," 1553, Clement Throckmorton, p. +3, edition by Mr. W. B. Bickley.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> Stratford Miscellaneous Records, No. 436.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> Halliwell Phillipps mentions Elizabeth Skerlett as an +eighth, surely in error.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> I believe that I have found the register of her death in +association with the Ardens of Park Hall, see p. 41.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> This supposition is strengthened by the language of the +lease which Mrs. Arden granted her brother of a farm in Snitterfield, +May 21, 1560, of which "estate was made to me the said Agnes by my late +husband in the fourth year of the raigne of the late King Ed. VI., 1550; +... now in tenure of Richard Shakespeare, John Henley, and John +Hargrave."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> See Records of Stratford-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Worcester Wills. Consistory Court.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> See Sir George Nichols' "History of the English Poor +Law."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> See "Release from Thomas Stringer of Stockton, co. Salop, +to Alexander Webbe of Snitterfield, <i>husbandman</i>, 12th Feb., 11 Eliz., +witness John Shaxpere," confirmed after the marriage of Margaret to +Edward Cornwall, October 16, 18 Elizabeth. "A transfer from John +Shakespeare and Mary his wife" of her shares of Snitterfield, 21 Eliz., +for £4; 15 Oct., 22 Eliz., for £40; and 23 Eliz., 6s. 8d. "Release from +Thomas Stringer and Thomas Edkins to Robert Webbe, 23rd Dec., 21 Eliz." +"A grant from Edmund Lambert and Joane his wife to Robert Webbe of their +interest in Snitterfield, 2nd May, 23 Eliz." (Stratford-on-Avon +Records).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Miscellaneous Papers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> Chamberlain's Accounts, Stratford-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> Worcester Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> Reply of John Lambert in 1597, Chancery Proceedings.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> Note of the fine (Halliwell-Phillipps' "Outlines," ii., 11 +and 202).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 8th Series, vol. v., pp. 127, 296, +498.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> West's "Symboleography Concords," pp. 10, 11.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," ii. 202. Wilmcote Fines, +Hilary term, 21 Eliz.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps points out that it is for £4, which +is an evident error ("Outlines," ii. 179).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, p. 179.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> "Sealed in the presence of Nycholas Knooles, Vicar of +Auston."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," ii. 182. Dugdale, +Alveston.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, ii. 176.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_107_107" id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> Warr. Fines. "In onere Georgii Digbie Armigeri +Vicecomitis comitatu prædicti de anno vicesimo tercio Regine Elizabethe, +fines de Banco anno vicesimo secundo Regine Elizabethe pro termino +Pasche," etc. "Recepta per me Johannem Cowper sub vice comitem."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_108_108" id="Footnote_108_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_108"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," ii. 179.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_109_109" id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Miscellaneous Documents.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_110_110" id="Footnote_110_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_110"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_111_111" id="Footnote_111_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_111"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> Stratford Miscellaneous Papers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_112_112" id="Footnote_112_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_112"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_113_113" id="Footnote_113_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_113"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> Court of Chancery Records.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_114_114" id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> French, "Genealogica Shakespeareana," p. 484.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_115_115" id="Footnote_115_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115_115"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> Coram Rege Rolls, Term Mich., 31 and 32 Elizabeth; also +Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 11.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> Chancery Cases, 40-41 Elizabeth, S.s. 24 (21), Stratford, +P. R. O.; also Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_117_117" id="Footnote_117_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_117"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> Chancery Papers, S.s. 24 (21), Stratford, <i>in dorso</i>, +"40-41 Eliz."; Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 204.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_118_118" id="Footnote_118_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_118"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 8th Series, v. 127, 296, 478.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_119_119" id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, ii. 205.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VII</h2> + +<h3>JOHN SHAKESPEARE</h3> + + +<p>Richard Shakespeare was in tenure of the property at Snitterfield, which +Robert Arden settled on his wife and daughters July 17, 4 Edward VI., +Adam Palmer and Hugh Porter being trustees. On November 26, 1557, he, +along with the executors of Robert Arden and Thomas Stringer, was +returned as indebted to the late Hugh Porter of Snitterfield. On +September 13 he prised the goods of Richard Maydes, and on June 1, 1560, +of Henry Cole, of Snitterfield. He is believed to have been the father +of John, Henry, and possibly of Thomas Shakespeare.</p> + +<p>John Shakespeare must have come to Stratford-on-Avon, probably from +Snitterfield, some time before 1552, for in that year he is described as +a resident in Henley Street, and fined for a breach of the municipal +sanitary regulations, along with Humphrey Reynolds and Adrian Quyney, +twelvepence a piece.<a name="FNanchor_120_120" id="FNanchor_120_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a> This relatively large sum implies that he must +have been even then a <i>substantial</i> householder. The determination of +the house he then dwelt in becomes interesting in its bearing on the +tradition as to the poet's birthplace. Nothing is recorded of John for +the next few years, but he seems to have prospered in business, trading +in farmers' produce. In a law-suit of 1556, with Thomas Siche of +Arscot,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> Worcester, he was styled a "glover." In that year he bought +from George Turner a freehold tenement in Greenhill Street, with garden +and croft, which is not mentioned in any of his later transactions, and +from Edward West a freehold tenement and garden in Henley Street, the +eastern half of the birthplace messuage. Each of these was held by the +payment of sixpence a year to the lord of the manor and suit of court. +Whether he had previously lived in this eastern tenement, or in the +western half, as a tenant has not been absolutely decided.</p> + +<p>He was summoned on the Court of Record Jury this year, and was party to +several small suits, in all of which he was successful. In 1557 he was +elected ale-taster, and curiously enough he was amerced for not keeping +his gutters clean, in company with Francis Harbage, Chief Bailiff, +Adrian Quyney, Mr. Hall, and Mr. Clopton. He is believed to have married +Mary Arden in 1557. The registers of Aston Cantlow, where it is likely +that Mary was married, do not begin so early. She was single at the time +of her father's death in 1556, and on September 15, 1558, "Jone<a name="FNanchor_121_121" id="FNanchor_121_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> +Shakespeare, daughter to John Shakespeare, was christened at Stratford +by Roger Divos, minister." In 1558 John Shakespeare was elected one of +the four Constables of the town,<a name="FNanchor_122_122" id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a> and, in 1559, one of the affeerors +or officers appointed to determine the imposition of small arbitrary +fines. In 1561 he was elected one of the Chamberlains, as well as one of +the affeerors. He remained Chamberlain for two years, and apparently so +well did he discharge his financial duties in that office that he was +called on to assist later Chamberlains<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> in making up their accounts. It +is generally supposed that he could not write, because in attesting +documents he made his mark. But I am not sure that this habit is a +certain sign of his ignorance of the art. Camden himself chose a <i>mark</i> +as a signature based on his horoscope. (See his letter to Ortelius, +Sept. 14, 1577.)</p> + +<p>In 1561 Richard Shakespeare of Snitterfield died, and his goods were +administered by his son, "John Shakespeare, <i>Agricola</i>, of +Snitterfield," Feb. 10, 1561-62.<a name="FNanchor_123_123" id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a> Many doubt that, even if he had +any interest in Richard's property, such a description would have been +given of the Chamberlain of Stratford-on-Avon. It must not be forgotten +that there had been a John Shakespeare presented and fined twelvepence +on October 1, 1561, in Snitterfield Court, but he may have been the +Stratford John. In the description of a neighbouring property in 1570, +we learn that there was a "John Shakespeare of Ingon," a farm in the +neighbourhood of Snitterfield; and John Shakespeare of Ingon was buried +September 25, 1589, according to Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps.<a name="FNanchor_124_124" id="FNanchor_124_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a> Hence +arose reasonable doubts of the identity of John of Stratford with John, +the heir of Richard Shakespeare of Snitterfield. Still, the evidence is +much stronger in support of his identity than against it.</p> + +<p>On December 2, 1562, the Stratford baptismal register records the +christening of "Margaret, daughter of John Shakspere." At the making up +of the Chamberlain's accounts for 1562-63 in January, 1563-64, the +Chamber was found in debt to John Shakespeare 25s. 8d., as if he had +been the finance Chamberlain of the two. Both of his daughters were dead +when, on April 26, he christened his firstborn son William. That summer +the plague raged in Stratford; the Council meetings were held in the +garden, to avoid<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> infection, and collections were made among the +burgesses for the relief of the poor, to each of which John Shakespeare +contributed.</p> + +<p>In 1565 he was chosen alderman, and not only rendered the Chamberlain's +accounts, but seems to have borne their financial liabilities, as in the +accounts for the year is noted, "Item, payd to Shakspeyr for a rest of +old det £3, 2, 7-1/2," the sum which was really entered as a debt in +favour of the acting Chamberlains. The following year he again made up +the accounts for the Chamberlains, and the Chamber was found to be in +debt to him 6s. 8d., a sum that was not repaid until January, 1568.</p> + +<p>From the number of petty actions for debt in which he appeared, either +as plaintiff or defendant, one would believe that the business men of +Stratford did not care to pay up until they were obliged to do so. In +1566 there occurs an interesting suit, which shows that John Shakespeare +was even then acquainted with the Hathaways. In two actions against +Richard Hathaway—one for £8, and one for £11—John Shakespeare had been +security, and his name was substituted in the later proceedings for that +of the defendant.</p> + +<p>On October 13, 1566, his son Gilbert was christened.</p> + +<p>In 1567 he was assessed on goods to the value of £4<a name="FNanchor_125_125" id="FNanchor_125_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a> for the subsidy +3s. 4d.; and in another entry on £3, 2s. 6d. This was not at all a small +entry for a tradesman of the time. Everyone tried to make his estimate +as small as possible, as men do to-day, when taxes depend on it. He was +nominated that year, though not elected, to the post of High Bailiff, to +which office, however, he was elected on September 4, 1568. In the +precepts that he issued he is styled "Justice of the peace and Bailiff +of the Town."<a name="FNanchor_126_126" id="FNanchor_126_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a> In the Chamberlain's accounts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> of January 26, +1568-69, there is mentioned, "Item to Mr. Balyf that now is 14/-," a sum +not explained or accounted for; and in 1570 the Chamberlains "praye +allowance of money delivered to Mr. Shaxpere at sundry times £6," during +their year 1569-70, as if he had been doing work for the town.<a name="FNanchor_127_127" id="FNanchor_127_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a> On +April 15, 1569, another daughter Joan was christened; and on September +28, 1571, his daughter Anna. After his year of office, John Shakespeare +was always called "Master," a point to be remembered in determining the +meaning of various little records in a town where others of the name +came to reside. In 1571 he was elected Chief Alderman, and in 1572 he +attained what may really be considered as his chief honour. "At this +Hall yt is agreed by the asent and consent of the Aldermen and burgeses +aforesaid, that Mr. Adrian Queney now bailif and Mr. John Shakespeare, +shall at Hilary term next ensuing deale in the affairs concerninge the +commen wealthe of the Borroughe according to their discrecions." This +was an important consideration to devolve on the shoulders of a man if +he could not read or write, and it very probably involved a visit to +London.<a name="FNanchor_128_128" id="FNanchor_128_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a> In 1574, March 11, his son Richard was born; and in 1575 we +find the locality of his house in Henley Street determined by William +Wedgewood's sale, September 20, to Edward Willis for £44, of his two +tenements "betwyne the tenement of Richard Hornbee on the east part, and +the tenement of 'John Shakesper yeoman' on the weste part"—the street +on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> the south, and the waste ground called Gilpittes on the north. +This shows, therefore, that the east tenement of the birthplace was then +in his occupation, and that somehow he was entitled yeoman. But in +October he himself also bought two houses for £40 from Edmund and Emma +Hall, the locality not specified. One of these has been supposed by some +to have been the birthplace, or perhaps both, seeing that later entries +make John Shakespeare responsible to the lord of the manor for 13d. for +his western tenement, and the garden or toft to the west of it, as +against the 6d. due for his eastern tenement.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 657px;"> +<img src="images/imagep055.jpg" width="657" height="450" alt="PRESENT VIEW OF SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE" title="" /> +<span class="caption">PRESENT VIEW OF SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHPLACE.<br /> + +<i>To face p. 55.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>We must then face the question, either John Shakespeare owned the +birthplace in 1552, and resided in it until he added the wool-shop in +1556; or he rented the wool-shop in 1552, which he purchased in 1556; or +he rented the birthplace in 1552, which he purchased in 1575 from the +Halls. Under whatever circumstances he secured these, both remained free +to him during all his financial difficulties, and descended to his son. +But these uncertainties create the doubt that remains in the mind of +some, <i>Was the poet really born in the birthplace which tradition has +assigned to him, or not?</i> To me it seems that the balance of all +considerations remains in favour of the birthplace. It is hard to +account for a purchase in 1575 (that evidently galled him) of any other +premises save those in which he resided. Little is known of John +Shakespeare or his family during 1576 and 1577, but in 1578 begin the +records of his temporary poverty, which I have noted under the account +of his relations to his wife's relatives. For the Town Council, +doubtless in consideration of his past services, excused him paying 3s. +4d., as his share of "the furniture of the pikemen," etc.; and, along +with Mr. Robert Bratt (the poorest member of the Corporation), he was +excused the 4d. a week imposed on the aldermen for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> relief of the poor. +Then came the mortgage of Asbies in 1578-79.<a name="FNanchor_129_129" id="FNanchor_129_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a> The following year he +again left unpaid his share of the levy for armour—3s. 4d.; and he +began, probably through shamefacedness, not to show himself at the +Halls, though the State Papers still enter him among the gentlemen and +freeholders of Warwickshire. But another influence began to affect his +circumstances prejudicially about this time, and that is, the evil +fortunes of his brother Henry of Snitterfield. How his biographer, in +the "Dictionary of National Biography," could call this brother "<i>a +prosperous farmer</i>," I know not.</p> + +<p>In 1574 there had been a free fight, wherein blood was drawn, between +him and Edward Cornwall, who afterwards became the second husband of his +brother's sister-in-law, Margaret Webbe, <i>née</i> Arden. In the year 1580 +there was an extra long series of actions against him for debt; threats +of excommunication for withholding tithes; fines for refusing to wear +the statute caps on Sunday; fines for not doing suit of court. +Altogether he seems to have been a high-spirited fellow, who brought on +himself, through lack of prudence, much of his ill-luck, and who had the +unfortunate knack of involving other people in his troubles.</p> + +<p>In 1582 both brothers were summoned as witnesses in support of Robert +Webbe against the Mayowe appeal.</p> + +<p>In November of that year John's eldest son William, of whom no earlier +direct mention had been preserved, added to his embarrassments by a +premature marriage, and in the following year John was made a +grandfather by the birth of Susanna Shakespeare. In 1584 the twins +Hamnet and Judith were added to his anxieties.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> About this time the +Stratford Records notice how a John Shakespeare was worried by suits +brought against him by John Brown, in whose favour a writ of distraint +was issued against Shakespeare in 1586. But the answer was returned that +"he had nothing whereon to distrain."</p> + +<p>There are several reasons for believing that this John was not the +poet's father. The prefix Mr. is not used in the entries; it is certain +that he retained his freeholds in Henley Street all his life, and if he +had "no goods whereon to distrain," he could hardly have been received +as sufficient bail at Coventry, on July 19 of that year, for Michael +Price, tinker, of Stratford-on-Avon, or as security for his brother +Henry's debts. In 1586 he was removed from his office of alderman.<a name="FNanchor_130_130" id="FNanchor_130_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a></p> + +<p>Just in the year of the death of Edmund Lambert, when the possession of +money would have given him power to have renewed his efforts to regain +Asbies, Henry Shakespeare became a defaulter, and Nicholas Lane, by +Thomas Trussell, his attorney, sued John Shakespeare in his place, 1587. +William Court was his attorney in a weary case, which must have led both +sides into heavy costs, over the recovery of £22.<a name="FNanchor_131_131" id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a></p> + +<p>On September 1, 1588, he paid a visit to John Lambert at +Barton-on-the-Heath, in the vain hope of inducing him to surrender +Asbies; instituted proceedings against those who owed him money in +Stratford, and, in 1589, against Lambert in the Queen's Bench at London, +probably acting in the latter case through William. From the inquisition +post-mortem of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> Earl of Warwick, in 1590, we know Mr. John +Shakespeare still owned the two houses in Henley Street.</p> + +<p>In 1592 Mr. John Shakespeare appraised the goods of two important +neighbours—of Ralph Shawe, wool-driver, July 23, and Henry Field, +tanner, August 21. Thomas Trussell, the attorney, drew up the inventory, +and denominated his associate as Mr. John Shaksper, <i>Senior</i>, for no +clear reason, but possibly to distinguish him from the shoemaker John. +The attestation is witnessed only by a cross. During this year Sir +Thomas Lucy and others were drawing up the lists of Warwickshire +recusants<a name="FNanchor_132_132" id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a> that had been "heretofore presented." Among these they +included several members of the sorely-oppressed family of the Ardens of +Park Hall, and in Stratford-on-Avon "Mr. John Shackspere" and eight +others. Probably some friendly clerk, wishing to spare them fines, +added: "it is sayd that these last nine coom not to Churche for feare of +process for debte." But it is quite possible it might refer to John +Shakespeare the shoemaker, who, having been Master of the Shoemakers' +Company, <i>might</i> have been called "Mr."<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a> In the earlier undated +draught from which this was taken the Commissioners state: "wee suspect +theese nyne persons next ensuinge absent themselves for feare of +processes, Mr. John Wheeler, John his son, Mr. John Shackespeere," etc.</p> + +<p>Away up in London in 1593 the tide was beginning to turn for the family +through the efforts of the poet and the affection of the Earl of +Southampton.</p> + +<p>In this year Richard Tyler sued a John Shakespeare for a debt, but it is +not at all certain it was not one of the others of the name. In a case +brought by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> Adrian Quyney and Thomas Barker against Philip Green, +chandler, Henry Rogers, butcher, and John Shaxspere, in 1595, for a debt +of £5, the absence of a trade after Shakespeare's name has made Mr. +Halliwell-Phillipps suppose that he had retired by this date. A John +Shakespeare attested by a cross the marriage settlement of Robert +Fulwood and Elizabeth Hill in 1596, which represents probably the name +of the poet's father. In 1597 he sold, to oblige his neighbour, George +Badger, a narrow strip of land at the western side of his Henley Street +garden, 1-1/2 feet in breadth, but 86 feet in length. For this he +received £2 10s., and his ground-rent was reduced from 13d. to 12d., the +odd penny becoming Badger's responsibility. He also sold a plat, 17 feet +square, in the garden, behind the wool-shop, to oblige his neighbour on +the other side, Edward Willis.</p> + +<p>The application made for coat-armour, initiated in 1596, ostensibly by +John Shakespeare, but really by William Shakespeare, as well as the +Lambert case, dragged on through the later years of the century.</p> + +<p>That he had not lost credit with his fellow-townsmen may be seen by +John's latest recorded piece of work.</p> + +<p>Early in 1601 an action was brought by Sir Edward Greville<a name="FNanchor_134_134" id="FNanchor_134_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a> against +the Corporation respecting the toll-corn; and John Shakespeare, with +Adrian Quyney and others, assisted to draw up suggestions for the use of +the counsel for the defendants. On September 8 of that year the funeral +of the old burgess took place at Stratford-on-Avon, but there is no +trace now left of any sepulchral monument or memorial of any kind. No +will or inventory, or even inquisition post-mortem, has come down to us.</p> + +<p>It is quite possible that the Henley Street houses<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> were entailed upon +his eldest son, or that he may have bought up all rights during his +father's lifetime to such an extent that "inheritance" could hardly be +talked of. He seems to have indeed supported all the family, as there is +no trace<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a> of any of them, except Edmund the player, engaging in any +trade or profession. Whether his mother resided in Henley Street or at +New Place is not clear. There is nothing further known of her save the +register of her burial: "September 9th, 1608, Mayry Shaxspere Wydowe."</p> + +<p>No sepulchre or memorial of her has come down to our time. We only know +that somewhere in the consecrated ground by Stratford Church lies the +dust of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden, the parents of the poet.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 487px;"> +<img src="images/imagep60.jpg" width="487" height="450" alt="SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTH-HOUSE BEFORE THE RESTORATION IN +1857." title="" /> +<span class="caption">SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTH-HOUSE BEFORE THE RESTORATION IN +1857.</span> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_120_120" id="Footnote_120_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_120"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Chamberlain's Accounts, April 29, 6 +Edward VI.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_121_121" id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Baptismal Register.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_122_122" id="Footnote_122_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_122"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> All these references are from the Chamberlain's Accounts, +and accounts of the Halls at Stratford-on-Avon. Those who have not had +access to them may refer to Halliwell-Phillipps's "Outlines," i. 29; ii. +179 <i>et seq.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_123_123" id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> Worcester administration bonds, 1561. <i>Notes and +Queries</i>, 8th Series, xii. 413.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_124_124" id="Footnote_124_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_124"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> This statement is, however, evidently erroneous.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_125_125" id="Footnote_125_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_125"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> Roll for Stratford, Longridge MS.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_126_126" id="Footnote_126_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_126"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> Stratford Borough Records.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_127_127" id="Footnote_127_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_127"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> The first notice of municipal employment of players +appears during his year of office, the Queen's Company and that of the +Earl of Worcester having performed before the council. A case was tried +at the Warwick assizes, Easter, 11 Elizabeth, concerning the tithes of +Rowington, and John Shakespeare, of Stratford-on-Avon, was on the +jury.—Ryland's "Records of Rowington."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_128_128" id="Footnote_128_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_128"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> See Chamberlain's accounts for "the expenses of Mr. +Queeney in London," also for the expenses of the dinner given to Sir +Thomas Lucy and others, at which Quiney and Shakespeare presided.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_129_129" id="Footnote_129_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_129"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> In 1579 he buried his daughter Anne "with the pall and +the great bell." On May 3, 1580, his youngest child Edmund was +christened.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_130_130" id="Footnote_130_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_130"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> "At this halle William Smythe and Richard Court are +chosen Aldermen in the places of John Wheler and John Shaxspere, for +that Mr. Wheler doth desire to be put out of the company, and Mr. +Shaxspere doth not come to the Halles when they be warned, nor hath not +done of long tyme."—Borough Reports. It is noteworthy that he was never +fined for absenting himself as others were.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_131_131" id="Footnote_131_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_131"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> Controlment Rolls, 29 Elizabeth, Stratford-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_132_132" id="Footnote_132_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_132"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> State Papers, Domestic Series, Elizabeth. It may be noted +that there was no Mrs. Shakespeare among the recusants. Other wives were +noted, as Mrs. Wheeler.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_133_133" id="Footnote_133_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_133"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> It remains a fact that John Shakespeare, shoemaker, is +heard of no more in Stratford-on-Avon, and shortly afterwards his house +was tenanted by another man.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_134_134" id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> Stratford Corporation Records.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_135_135" id="Footnote_135_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_135"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillips is in error in stating that Gilbert +was a London haberdasher.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VIII</h2> + +<h3>WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE</h3> + + +<p>William Shakespeare was thirty-seven when he became head of the family +in 1601. His previous life must have been a stirring one, though we know +only too little about it. Still, certain inferences may be soundly based +on known facts. He must have been educated at the Stratford Grammar +School, free to the sons of the burgesses, a high-class school for the +time. Its head-master had a salary then double that of the Master of +Eton. A taste for learning had certainly imbued William's spirit even in +early years, but he doubtless warmly shared in the difficulties of his +father's life, and knew the anxieties of debt, the oppression of the +strong hand—the "cares of bread," as Mazzini calls it—and the +sickening weariness of the law's uncertainty and delay. Most of his +relatives were farmers, and his actions show that he would gladly have +followed the same course of life, with the relaxation of field sports, +of course, if he could have attained his desire. But the genius within +him was to be welded by fiery trials, and he was driven on a course that +seemed at discord with his nature, and yet led to its own fulfilment. In +the enthusiasm of a first love, he married early, not, it must +emphatically be noted, over-early for the custom of the period, when the +means of support were assured, but over-early, as it would then have +been considered, solely from a financial standpoint. He<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> had no assured +means of support. His hope of securing his inheritance of Asbies was +fading. He did not marry an heiress. Many vials of wrath have been +poured on the devoted head of Anne Hathaway by those who do not consider +all sides of the question. Harrowing pictures of the relations of young +Shakespeare and "his aged wife" are drawn, even by such writers as Dr. +Furnivall. Now, it is a well-known fact that almost all very young men +fancy girls older than themselves, and it is an artistic fact that a +woman under thirty does look younger, and not older, than a man of the +same age, if she has led a natural and simple life. It is much more than +likely that the well-grown, responsible eldest son of anxious John +Shakespeare looked quite as old as Anne Hathaway, seven years his +senior, especially if she was slight and fair and <i>delicate</i>, as there +is every reason to believe she was. And the masterful spirit marks its +own age when it goes forth to woo, and determines to win the first real +fancy of his life. It must not be forgotten, in association with the +situation, that Richard Hathaway of Shottery (for whom John Shakespeare +had stood surety in 1566) had made his will on September 1, 1581, and +died between that time and July 9, 1582, when it was proved, leaving his +daughter Agnes, or Anne, the small but very common marriage portion of +£6 13s. 4d. A break had come into her home life; doubtless she went off +to visit some friends, and the young lover felt he could not live +without his betrothed, and determined to clinch the matter.</p> + +<p>Much unnecessarily unfavourable comment has been made on the peculiar +circumstances of the marriage. People forget the complexity of religious +and social customs of the time, the binding force of betrothals, the +oppression of Catholics. In Robert Arden's settlement of July 17, 1550, +he speaks of his daughter Agnes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> as the <i>wife</i> of Thomas Stringer, +though she did not marry him until October 15, 1550.<a name="FNanchor_136_136" id="FNanchor_136_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a> The perplexity +is increased by the entry of the marriage license of a William +Shakespeare and Anne Whately of Templegrafton, the day previous to that +of William Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway of Stratford, November 28, +1582.<a name="FNanchor_137_137" id="FNanchor_137_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a> It all seems possible to explain. Travelling was inconvenient +on November roads; Will set out for the license alone, as bridegrooms +were often wont to do, when they could afford the expense of a special +license. He might give his own name, and that of his intended wife, at a +temporary address. The clerk made an error in the spelling, which might +have been corrected; but meanwhile discovered that Shakespeare was under +age, was acting without his parents—that the bride was not in her own +home, and that no marriage settlement was in the air. No risk might be +run by an official in such a case; the license was stayed; sureties must +be found for a penalty in case of error. So poor Will would have to +find, in post-haste, the nearest friends he could find to trust him and +his story. And who so likely to ask as Fulk Sandells and John +Richardson, friends of the Hathaways—the one supervisor, and the other +witness to the will of Anne's father Richard? They might have been at +Worcester market with him.</p> + +<p>They were both "good men" in the financial sense, and their bond for £40 +was accepted at the Bishop of Worcester's Registry in support of the +assertion that there was no impediment against this marriage by ground +of consanguinity or pre-contract. If this were all right, and if the +bride's friends were willing, by which must have been intended her +mother and brothers, then the marriage might be solemnized. It was +clearly a question in which the woman's friends<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> were the proper parties +to summon. The bond of John Shakespeare would not then have been good +for £40, and the would-be bridegroom had nothing of his own. The place +where they were married has not yet been discovered; it is quite +possible to have been at "a private mass," as was the case in another +marriage with a similar bond at the same registry.<a name="FNanchor_138_138" id="FNanchor_138_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a> But they were +married somehow, and William probably brought home his fatherless bride +to his father's house, and there her little portion of £6 13s. 4d. might +go the further. But a wife and a family of three children sorely +handicapped a penniless youth, not yet of age, bred to no trade, heir to +no fortune, whose father was himself in trouble.</p> + +<p>The after-date gossip of wild courses, deer-stealing, and combats with +Sir Thomas Lucy, are, I think, quite unfounded on fact. I have discussed +this fully in my article in the <i>Athenæum</i><a name="FNanchor_139_139" id="FNanchor_139_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a> on "Sir Thomas Lucy," +and in my chapter on "The Traditional Sir Thomas and the Real."<a name="FNanchor_140_140" id="FNanchor_140_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> It +is much more than likely Shakespeare was concerned in the religious +turmoil of the times, was somewhat suspected, and was indignant at the +cruel treatment of Edward Arden, head of the house, the first victim of +the Royal Commission<a name="FNanchor_141_141" id="FNanchor_141_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a> in 1583.</p> + +<p>Eventually he went to London, probably with introductions to many people +supposed to be able and willing to help him. There were both Ardens and +Shakespeares in London, and many Warwickshire men, and they thought that +some place might be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> found even for him, the landless, unapprenticed, +untrained son of a straitened father. But there were so many in a +similar case. It is evident he succeeded in nothing that he hoped or +wished for. His own works prove that. He was unable to act the +gentleman, but was determined to play the man. He may have dwelt with, +and certainly frequently visited, his old Stratford friend Richard +Field, the apprentice, son-in-law, and successor of Vautrollier, the +great printer. In his shop he learned not only much technical detail of +his art, but refreshed his education—or, rather, went through another +course, reading with a new inspiration and a kindled enthusiasm.</p> + +<p>I have shown elsewhere how very much his mental development owed to +books published by Vautrollier and Field,<a name="FNanchor_142_142" id="FNanchor_142_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a> sole publishers of many +Latin works, including Ovid, of Puttenham's "Art of Poetrie," of +Plutarch's "Lives," and many another book whose spirit has been +transfused into Shakespeare's works. We know that he had tried his hand +at altering plays, at rewriting them, and making them popular; we know +that he had translated them upon the stage before 1592, because of +Greene's notice then published by Chettle, of "the upstart crow."<a name="FNanchor_143_143" id="FNanchor_143_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> +And he probably had written some. But his first firm step on the +staircase of fame was taken in the publication of his "Venus and Adonis" +by his friend Richard Field in April, 1593, and his first grip of +success in his dedication thereof to the young Earl of Southampton. The +kindness of his patron between 1593 and 1594 had ripened his admiration +into love; and the dedication of the "Rape of Lucrece" in the latter +year placed the relations of the two men clearly before the world. A +careful study of the two dedications leads to the con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>viction that the +"Sonnets" could only have been addressed to the same<a name="FNanchor_144_144" id="FNanchor_144_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a> patron. A +study of the poems and sonnets together shows much of the character, +training, and culture of the author—love of nature, delight in open-air +exercise and in the chase, sympathy with the Renaissance culture, and a +moral standard of no common order.</p> + +<p>In his first poem he shows how preoccupation preserves Adonis from +temptation; in the second how the spiritual chastity of Lucrece is +triumphant over evil. The one poem completes the conception of the +other, and both lead into the sonnets. In these the author explains much +of his thought and circumstance—</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Alas, 'tis true, I have gone here and there,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And made myself a motley to the view;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gor'd mine own thoughts, sold cheap what is most dear,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Made old offences of affections new."</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Oh, for my sake do you with Fortune chide,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The guilty goddess of my harmful deeds,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That doth not better for my life provide</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Than public means, which public manners breeds."<a name="FNanchor_145_145" id="FNanchor_145_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Southampton did not only chide with Fortune, but took her place. Through +his stepfather, Sir Thomas Henneage, who had succeeded Sir Christopher +Hatton in 1589<a name="FNanchor_146_146" id="FNanchor_146_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a> as Vice-Chamberlain of the Royal Household, he was +able to assist the players, and Shakespeare is for the first time +recorded as having played twice before the Queen, at Greenwich on St. +Stephen's Day, December 26, 1594, and on Innocents' Day, December 28 of +the same year.<a name="FNanchor_147_147" id="FNanchor_147_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a> On the latter day<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> at night, amid the turmoil of +the Gray's Inn revels, Shakespeare's play of the "Comedy of Errors" was +represented by his company, doubtless through the interest of the Earl +of Southampton, then a student at Gray's Inn. At his coming of age in +October, 1594, the young nobleman would be the better able to assist his +poet. Tradition has reported that he gave Shakespeare a large sum of +money, generally said to be £1,000.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/imagep067.jpg" width="600" height="433" alt="THE GUILD CHAPEL, FROM THE SITE OF NEW PLACE" title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE GUILD CHAPEL, FROM THE SITE OF NEW PLACE.<br /> <i>To face p. 67.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>However it was, the tide of Shakespeare's fortunes turned with his +introduction to the Earl of Southampton, and his exertions during the +remaining years of the century began to tell in financial returns. It is +significant that the first known use to which he put his money was the +application for the <i>coat of arms</i>. In that same year fortune gave him a +cruel buffet in the death of his only son.<a name="FNanchor_148_148" id="FNanchor_148_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a> Nevertheless, he went on +with his purchase of the largest house in his native town; so that, if +the bride of his youth had waited long for a home of her own, he did +what he could to make up for the delay by giving her the best he could +find.<a name="FNanchor_149_149" id="FNanchor_149_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> That he was cautious in his investments was evident. He had +seen too much suffering through rashness in money affairs not to benefit +by the experience. Thereby he made clear his desire for the +rehabilitation of himself and family in the place where he was born. By +1598 we have irrefragable testimony to the position he had already +taken, alike in the world of letters as in the social life of Stratford. +In the autumn of that year appeared the perennial advertisement of +Meres, the Professor of Rhetoric at Oxford, Master of Arts of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> both +Universities, who ranks him among the first of his day, as an epic and +lyric poet, and as a writer of both tragedy and comedy. "As the soule of +Euphorbus was thought to live in Pythagoras, so the sweet wittie soul of +Ovid lives in mellifluous and honey-tongued Shakespeare.... As Plautus +and Seneca are accounted the best for Comedy and Tragedy among the +Latins, so Shakespeare ... among the English is the most excellent in +both kinds for the stage ... witness his 'Gentlemen of Verona,' his +'Errors,' his 'Love's Labour's Lost,' his 'Love's Labour Wonne,' his +'Midsummer Night's Dream,' and his 'Merchante of Venice'; for tragedy +his 'Richard II.,' 'Richard III.,' 'Henry IV.,' 'King John,' 'Titus +Andronicus,' and 'Romeo and Juliet.'"<a name="FNanchor_150_150" id="FNanchor_150_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a></p> + +<p>On the other hand, the Quiney correspondence shows the estimation in +which his fellow-townsmen held him—that he had money, that he wanted to +invest, and was already styled "master." He was considering the policy +of buying "an odd yard land or other" in Stratford, when Richard Quiney, +who was in the Metropolis, was urged by his brother-in-law, Abraham +Sturley, to induce Shakespeare to buy one of the tithe leases. "By the +friends he can make therefore, we think it a fair mark for him to shoot +at; it obtained, would advance him in deed, and would <i>do us much +good</i>." Richard Quiney was in the Metropolis at the end of 1598 on +affairs of the town, trying to secure the grant of a new charter, and +relief from subsidy; but either on his own account, or the affairs of +the town, he applied to Shakespeare for a loan. As there are no letters +of Shakespeare's extant, and this is the only one addressed to him, it +is worth noting very specially. It could hardly have been sent, as it +was found among<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> the Corporation Records. Mr. Halliwell-Phillipps +suggests that Shakespeare may have called to see Quiney before the +letter was sent off, and given his reply verbally.</p> + +<p>"Loveinge contreyman, I am bolde of yow, as of a ffrende, craveinge yowr +helpe with xxx<sup>li</sup> uppon Mr. Bushells and my securytee, or Mr. Myttons +with me. Mr. Rosswell is nott come to London as yeate, and I have +especiall cawse. Yow shall ffrende me muche in helpeing me out of all +the debettes I owe in London, I thancke God, and muche quyet my mynde, +which wolde nott be indebeted. I am nowe towardes the Cowrte, in hope of +answer for the dispatch of my buysness. Yow shall nether loase creddytt +nor monney by me, the Lord wyllinge; and nowe butt persuade yourselfe +soe, as I hope, and you shall nott need to feare, butt, with all hartie +thanckefullness, I wyll holde my tyme, and content yowr ffrende, and yf +we bargaine farther, you shal be the paie-master yowrselfe. My tyme +biddes me hastene to an ende, and soe I comitt thys (to) yowr care, and +hope of yowr helpe. I feare I shall nott be backe thys night ffrom the +Cowrte. Haste. The Lorde be with yow and with us all, Amen. From the +Bell in Carter Lane the 25th October, 1598. Yowrs in all kyndeness Ryc. +Quyney.</p> + +<p>"To my loveinge good frend and contreymann Mr. Wm. Shackespere deliver +thees."<a name="FNanchor_151_151" id="FNanchor_151_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a></p> + +<p>And Shakespeare then befriended the man whose son was to marry his +daughter. The reply seems to have been as prompt as satisfactory, for on +the very same day Quiney wrote to his brother-in-law Sturley, who +replied on November 4: "Your letter of the 25th of October came to my +hands, the last of the same at night per Greenway,<a name="FNanchor_152_152" id="FNanchor_152_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> which imported +that our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> Countryman Mr. William Shakespeare would procure us money; +which I will like of, as I shall hear when and where and how; and I pray +let not go that occasion, if it may sort to any indifferent conditions."</p> + +<p>It is evident that Shakespeare had at some time or other associated +himself with Burbage's company. Now, James Burbage, "was the first +builder of playhouses" who had planned in 1576, and in spite of evil +report and professional rivalry, of municipal and royal restrictions, +legal and other expenses, had successfully carried on "The Theatre" in +Finsbury Fields. In 1596 he had purchased the house in Blackfriars, +against the use of which as a theatre was sent up to the Privy Council a +petition, which Richard Field signed.<a name="FNanchor_153_153" id="FNanchor_153_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a> The Burbages let this house +for a time to a company of "children," but eventually resumed it for +their own use, and in it placed "men-players, which were Hemings, +Condell, Shakespeare," etc. On Burbage's death in 1597, there was a +dispute about "The Theater" lease, and his sons transferred the +materials to Southwark, and built the Globe in 1599. On the rearing of +the Globe at heavy cost, they joined to themselves "those deserving men +Shakespeare, Hemings, Condell, Philips and others, partners in the +Profits of what they call the House, but making the leases for +twenty-one years hath been the destruction of ourselves and others, for +they, dying at the expiration of three or four years of their lease, the +subsequent yeares became dissolved to strangers, as by marrying with +theire widdowes, and the like by their children." (See the papers +concerning the shares in the Globe, 1535: 1. Petition of Benfield, +Swanston and Pollard to the Lord Chamberlain Pembroke (April). 2. A +further petition. 3. The answer of Shank. 4. The answer of C. Burbage, +Winifred, his brother's widow, and William his son. 5. Pembroke's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> +judgment thereon (July 12). 6. Shanke's petition (August 7). 7. +Pembroke's final decision.)<a name="FNanchor_154_154" id="FNanchor_154_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a></p> + +<p>Burbage, Shakespeare, Condell, Hemings had been housekeepers with four +shares each. These originally died with the owner, but in later years +could be inherited. Shakespeare's income therefore arose from:</p> + +<p>1. Possibly some small sum allowed him by Richard Field and the +publishers for various editions of his poems, as well as the liberality +of the Earl of Southampton on their account.</p> + +<p>2. Direct payments by the proprietors for altering and writing plays. +Shares in their publication he never seems to have had.</p> + +<p>3. His share as a player of the money taken at the doors.</p> + +<p>4. His share as a partner in the house of the money taken in the +galleries, etc.</p> + +<p>5. His share of royal largesse in performances before the Queen, or +similar gifts from noblemen.<a name="FNanchor_155_155" id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a></p> + +<p>6. His share of performances in various performing tours.</p> + +<p>And thence he acquired money enough to buy New Place; to appeal to the +heralds for his father's coat of arms, and to pay the costs; to contest +the Lamberts' claim through successive applications for Asbies; and to +buy land and tithe leases. The death of his only son Hamnet did not +deter him in his earnest efforts to regain social position, and to +restore the fortunes of his family. An almost exact parallel may be +found in the efforts and aims of Sir Walter Scott. But Shakespeare, +having borne the yoke in youth, had acquired the experience and prudence +necessary to steer himself past the dangers of speculation and the +rashness of exceeding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> his assured income, which proved fatal to the +less severely-trained novelist.</p> + +<p>In May, 1602, he purchased from the Combes for £320 about 107 acres of +land near Stratford-on-Avon, of which, as he was not in the town, seisin +was granted to his brother Gilbert. On September 28, 1602, Walter Getley +transferred to him a cottage and garden situated in Chapel Lane, +opposite the lower gardens of New Place, quite possibly intended for the +use of his brothers. It appears from the roll that he did not appear at +the Manorial Court in person,<a name="FNanchor_156_156" id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a> then held at Rowington, there being a +stipulation that the estate should remain in the hands of the lady of +the manor, the Countess of Warwick, until he appeared to complete the +transaction with the usual formalities. On completing these, he +surrendered the property to his own use for life, with remainder to his +two daughters, a settlement rearranged afterwards in his will. It is +mentioned as in his possession in a subsequent subsidy roll of the +town.<a name="FNanchor_157_157" id="FNanchor_157_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a></p> + +<p>The only time in which he touched politics and State affairs he was +unfortunate. There is no doubt he must have trembled at the time of the +Essex Conspiracy, not only for his friend Southampton's life, but even +for his own; for Philips, the manager of his company, was called before +the Privy Council to account for the performances of the obnoxious play +of "Richard II."</p> + +<p>The danger passed. Probably the Privy Council thought it futile to +attack the "Puppets." Nevertheless, after fulfilling their engagements +they hastened from the Metropolis.<a name="FNanchor_158_158" id="FNanchor_158_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a> Some of his company went<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> to +play in Scotland, as far north as Aberdeen.<a name="FNanchor_159_159" id="FNanchor_159_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a> I am inclined to think +Shakespeare went with them. The scenery in "Macbeth"<a name="FNanchor_160_160" id="FNanchor_160_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a> suggests vivid +visual impressions, and the favour of James VI. must have been secured +<i>before</i> his accession to the throne of England, for almost the first +act the King did on his arrival at the Metropolis, May 7, 1603, was to +execute a series of Acts that practically gave his company a monopoly.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Pat. I., Jac. I., p. 2, m. 4. Pro Laurentio Fletcher et Willielmo +Shakespeare et aliis.<a name="FNanchor_161_161" id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a></p> + +<p>"James by the grace of God, etc., to all Justices, Maiors, +Sheriffs, Constables, Hedboroughs, and other our Officers and +lovinge Subjects, Greetinge. Knowe ye that wee, of our Speciall +Grace, <i>certeine knowledge</i> and mere motion, have licensed and +authorized, and by these presentes doe license and authorize theise +our Servaunts, Laurence Fletcher, William Shakespeare, Richard +Burbage, Augustyne Philippes, John Hemings, Henrie Condell, William +Sly, Robert Armyn, Richard Cowly, and the rest of their Associates +Freely to use and exercise the Arte and Facultie of playing +Comedies, Tragedies, Histories, Enterludes, Morals, Pastoralls, +Stage-plaies, and such others like as theie have alreadie studied +or hereafter shall use or studie, as well for the Recreation of our +loveinge Subjects as for our Solace and Pleasure, when wee shall +thincke good to see them, during our pleasure; and the said +Commedies, Tragedies, Histories, Enterludes, Moralls, Pastoralls, +Stage-playes, and suchelike, to shewe and exercise publiquely to +their best Commoditie, when the Infection of the Plague shall +decrease, as well<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> within theire nowe usuall House called the Globe +within our Countie of Surrey, as also within anie Toune Halls or +Moute Halls, or other convenient Places within the Liberties and +Freedom of anie other Cittie, Universitie, Toune or Boroughe +whatsoever, within our said Realmes and Dominions.</p> + +<p>"Willing and commanding you and everie of you, as you tender our +Pleasure, not onelie to permit and suffer them herein, without anie +your Letts, Hindrances, or Molestations, during our said Pleasure, +but also to be aiding and assistinge to them if anie Wrong be to +them offered, and to allow them such former Curtesies as hath been +given to men of their Place and Qualitie; and also what further +Favour you shall shewe to theise our Servaunts for our sake, Wee +shall take Kindlie at your Handes. In witnesse whereof, etc.</p> + +<p>"Witnesse our selfe at Westminster the nynetenth Daye of Maye.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Per Breve de Privato Sigillo</span>."</p> + +<p>[The privy seal for this issued on May 17.]</p></div> + +<p>As James made more stringent the laws concerning "vagabonds," as he took +from the nobles the power of patronage of players, reserving it only for +the Royal Family, this passport gave enormous power to the players, +favoured by the King in Scotland.</p> + +<p>Shakespeare's early patron, the Earl of Southampton, had been released +from the Tower on April 10, and had gone to meet his new Sovereign, +doubtless speaking a good word for the company of players. His later +patron, the Earl of Pembroke, was recalled to Court favour. The King +visited him in his royal progress August 30 and 31, 1603, and held his +Court at Wilton, Winchester,<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a> and Basing during most of October,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> +November,<a name="FNanchor_163_163" id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a> and December, during which time the players were summoned +on December 2. "To John Hemyngs on 3rd December, for a play before the +King, by the King's men at Wilton, and for coming from Mortlake in +Surrey, £30."<a name="FNanchor_164_164" id="FNanchor_164_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a></p> + +<p>On March 15, 1603-1604, the King's players were summoned to the +Triumphant Royal Procession, received robes for the occasion, and took +rank at Court<a name="FNanchor_165_165" id="FNanchor_165_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a> with the Grooms of the Chamber. Henceforth +Shakespeare's genius revelled in the opportunities fortune had made for +him, and in the taste he had himself educated. The world appreciated his +work the better "that so did take Eliza and our James."<a name="FNanchor_166_166" id="FNanchor_166_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a> The snarls +of envy witnessed his success; the eulogiums of admirers perpetuated his +appreciation. On May 4, 1605, Augustine Phillips died, leaving by will +"to my fellow William Shakespeare a thirty-shilling piece in gold." In +July of that year (July 24, 1605) Shakespeare completed his largest +purchase, in buying for £440 the unexpired term of the moiety of the +tithe-lease of Stratford, Old Stratford, Bishopton, and Welcombe.</p> + +<p>In that year John Davenant took out the lease of the Crown Inn at +Oxford, where the following year his son William was born. Gossip, +supported, if not originated, by himself, suggests that William Davenant +was the son rather than the godson of Shakespeare, an unfounded slander +disposed of by Halliwell-Phillipps.</p> + +<p>On June 5, 1607, Susanna Shakespeare married Dr. Hall. Elizabeth, their +only child, and the only grandchild Shakespeare saw, was born in +February,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> 1607-1608, and in September of that year John Shakespeare's +widow—Shakespeare's mother—died.</p> + +<p>It is probable Shakespeare returned home to his mother's funeral, as he +was chief godfather on October 16 to the William Walker of Stratford to +whom he bequeathed 20s. in gold in 1616. In 1608 and 1609 Shakespeare +instituted a process for debt against John Addenbroke and his security +Hornebie. His attorney was his cousin, Thomas Greene, then residing, +under unknown conditions, at New Place. In the latter year he instituted +more important proceedings concerning the tithes. The papers of the +complaint by Lane, Green, and Shakespeare to Lord Ellesmere in 1612, +concerning other lessees, give details of the income he derived +therefrom.<a name="FNanchor_167_167" id="FNanchor_167_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a></p> + +<p>In 1610 he purchased 20 acres of pasture-land from the Combes to add to +his freeholds. The concord of the fine is dated April 13, 1610, and, as +it was acknowledged before the Commissioners, he is believed to have +been in Stratford at the time. In a subscription list drawn up at +Stratford September 11, 1611, his name is the only one entered on the +margin, as if it were a later insertion, "towards the charge of +prosecuting the Bill in Parliament for the better repair of Highways." A +Parliament was then expected to meet, but it was not summoned till long +afterwards. In 1612 Lane, Green, and Shakespeare filed a new bill of +complaint concerning the tithes before Lord Ellesmere.</p> + +<p>In March, 1613, he made a curious purchase of a tenement and yard, one +or two hundred yards to the east of the Blackfriars Theatre. The lower +part had long been in use as a haberdasher's shop. The vendor was Henry +Walker, a musician, who had paid £100 for it in 1604, and who asked then +the price of £140. Shakespeare, however, at this raised price secured +it,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> leaving £60 of it on mortgage. The date of the conveyance deed is +March 10, 1613,<a name="FNanchor_168_168" id="FNanchor_168_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a> probably signed on the 11th, on which day it was +enrolled in the Court of Chancery. Besides the witnesses to this +document, there was present Henry Lawrence, the scrivener who had drawn +it up, who unfortunately lent his seal to the poet, which still exists, +bearing the initials "H. L."</p> + +<p>Shakespeare is believed to have written two plays a year while he was a +shareholder. On June 29, 1613, the Globe Theatre was destroyed by fire +while the history of Henry VIII. was being enacted. Burbage, Hemings, +Condell, and the Fool were so long in leaving the theatre that the +spectators feared for their safety. It is not known whether this fire +would prove a loss to him. In June of that year a malicious piece of +gossip was circulating in Stratford against the good name of +Shakespeare's daughter, Susanna Hall. The rumour was traced to a man +called Lane, who was summoned to appear before the Ecclesiastical Court +at Worcester on July 15, 1613. He did not venture to appear, and he was +duly excommunicated for perjury.</p> + +<p>It was the custom for the Corporation then to make complimentary +offerings of wine to those whom they wished to honour, and thus they +honoured an itinerant preacher, quartered at New Place, in the spring of +1614, with a quart of sack and another of claret, and this has been +supposed to prove that the poet had turned Puritan. John Combe, one of +the chief men of the neighbourhood, died in July, 1614, leaving +Shakespeare £5. Shakespeare would probably never receive it. The will, +dated January 28, 1612-13, was not proved till November, 1616. It is +clear, however, that these men were friendly at that time, and that the +mock elegy, attributed to Shakespeare, could not then have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> been +written, or, if written, was only laughed at. The Globe Theatre was +rebuilt at great cost that year. Chamberlain, writing to a lady in +Venice, said: "I hear much speech of this new playhouse, which is sayde +to be the fayrest that ever was in England" (June 30, 1614).</p> + +<p>In the same year, William Combe, the new Squire of Welcombe, attempted +enclosure of some of the common fields, a design resisted by the +Corporation. This scheme materially affected Shakespeare through his +tithes, and much discussion has been waged over the true meaning of the +entries of his cousin, Thomas Green, the Town Clerk of +Stratford-on-Avon, and his attorney. Unfortunately, these are badly +written, and the composition is dubious; but to my mind it seems clear +that Green meant to say that Mr. Shakespeare could not bear the +enclosing of Welcombe.<a name="FNanchor_169_169" id="FNanchor_169_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a></p> + +<p>In the opening of 1615-16 Shakespeare found himself "in perfect healthe +and memorie—God be praised"; and yet, for some reason, he wished to +make a new will, "revoking all other wills," and his solicitor, Francis +Collins of Warwick, drew up a draft. Halliwell-Phillipps thinks this was +done in January, and that it was intended to have been signed on the +25th of that month. I own that the date, erased to be replaced by +"March," looks to me more like "February." An important difference it +would be, because in January he might not have known that his daughter, +Judith Shakespeare, aged 32, had made up her mind to marry Thomas +Quiney, aged 28. By February 25 she had already done it. On February 10, +1616, Thomas Quiney was married, at Stratford-on-Avon, to Judith +Shakespeare without a license, an irregularity for which both the +parties were summoned to appear<a name="FNanchor_170_170" id="FNanchor_170_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a> <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>before the Ecclesiastical Courts +some weeks afterwards, and threatened with excommunication, but probably +the fact of Shakespeare's illness and death would act as an excuse in +high quarters.</p> + +<p>Though it seems to me that the will must have been drawn up before +Judith's marriage, the possibility of such a change of state is clearly +considered. There is no sign of indignation at the later date of the +signing of the will, and £300 was a large portion; and there are no +alterations in his bequests to her, except a curious one. The first +bequest was originally intended to have been in favour of "<i>my sonne +and</i> daughter Judith," but the "sonne" was erased. Of course, this +possibly arose from the scrivener intending to start with the Halls. But +the less important bequests came first. One hundred and fifty pounds was +to be paid to Judith within a year, in two instalments, the £100 in +discharge of her marriage portion, and the £50 on her surrendering her +share in the copyhold tenement in Stratford-on-Avon (once Getley's) to +her sister, Susanna Hall. Another £150<a name="FNanchor_171_171" id="FNanchor_171_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a> was to be paid Judith, or +any of her heirs alive at the date of three years after the testator's +death. If she had died without issue at that date, £100 thereof was to +go to Elizabeth Hall, and £50 to his sister Joan and her children. If +Judith were alive, the stock was to be invested by the executors, and +only the interest paid her as long as she was married, unless her +husband had "assured her in lands answerable to her portion."</p> + +<p>Sister Joan was to have £20, the testator's wearing apparel, and a +life-rent in the Henley Street house, under the yearly payment of one +shilling. Five pounds a piece were left to her sons. Elizabeth Hall was +to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> have all the plate, except his broad silver-gilt bowl, which he left +to Judith. Ten pounds he left to the poor, his sword to Mr. Thomas +Combe, £5 to Thomas Russell, £13 6s. 8d. to Francis Collins. Rings of +the value of 26s. 8d. each were left to Hamnet Sadler, William Reynolds, +gent., Antony Marsh, gent., Mr. John Marsh; and in interpolation "to my +fellows, John Heming, Richard Burbage, and Henry Condell," and to +William Walker, his godson, 20s. in gold.</p> + +<p>To enable his daughter Susanna to perform all this, she received "the +Capital Messuage called New Place, wherein I now dwell, two messuages in +Henley Street, and all my Barns, Stables, Orchards, Gardens, Lands, +Tenements and hereditaments whatsoever lying in Stratford-upon-Avon, Old +Stratford, Bishopton, and Welcombe, in the County of Warwick"; and "that +Messuage in Blackfriars in London near the Wardrobe wherein one John +Robinson now dwelleth."</p> + +<p>The descent was to be to her sons if she had any, failing whom to the +sons of his grand-daughter Elizabeth, failing whom to the sons of his +daughter Judith, failing whom "to the right heires of me William +Shakespeare for ever."</p> + +<p>Item interpolated: "I give unto my wife my second-best bed, with the +furniture."</p> + +<p>Everything else to his "sonne-in-law John Hall, gent., and to his +daughter Susanna, his wife," whom he made executors.</p> + +<p>Thomas Russell, Esq., and Francis Collins, gent., were to be overseers. +There were several witnesses. It was proved June 22, 1616, by John Hall, +at Westminster, but the inventory is unfortunately lost.</p> + +<p>Much discussion has taken place over Shakespeare's legacy to his wife. +It may very simply and naturally have arisen from some conversation in +which a reference had been made to giving her "the best bed."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> But that +was the visitor's couch. "The second-best" would have been her own, that +which she had used through the years, and he wished her to feel that +that was not included in the "residue." That was to be her very own. As +to any provision for her, it must have taken the form of a settlement, a +jointure, or a dower. There is no trace of the first or second. But the +English law then assured a widow in a third of her husband's property +for life and the use of the capital messuage, if another was not +provided her. The absence of all special provision for Mrs. Shakespeare +seems to have arisen from her husband's knowledge of this and his trust +in the honour of Mr. John Hall, and the love of his daughters for their +mother. It also supports my opinion of her extreme delicacy of +constitution. She was not to be overweighted by mournful +responsibilities.</p> + +<p>The indefiniteness of the residuary inheritance leaves room for surmise. +A curious reference, not, it seems to me, hitherto sufficiently noted, +occurs in the Burbage Case of 1635. Cuthbert, Winifred, the widow of +Richard, and William his son, recite facts concerning their father +James, who was the first builder of playhouses. "And to ourselves we +joined those deserving men, <i>Shakspere</i>, Hemings, Condell, Phillips, and +others, <i>partners<a name="FNanchor_172_172" id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a> in the profittes of that they call the House</i>; +but <i>makeing the leases for twenty-one yeares hath been the destruction +of ourselves and others</i>, for <i>they dying at the expiration of three or +four yeares of their lease, the subsequent yeeres became dissolved to +strangers, as by marrying with their widdowes and the like by their +children</i>."</p> + +<p>If Shakespeare's "lease" had not then expired, which seems to me +implied, it would have been "dissolved to a stranger" in the person of +Dr. Hall.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p> + +<p>Some ready money would be required for the carrying out of the will. +Three hundred pounds left to Judith, and £73 13s. 4d. in smaller +bequests, would certainly run up to £400 by the payment of debts and +funeral expenses. The eagerness to leave all land to his own children is +another proof of Shakespeare's earnest desire to found a family.</p> + +<p>Shakespeare did not immediately die after the signing of his will. +Probably the devoted care of his wife and daughters and the skill of his +son-in-law soothed his dying moments. But one cannot but have a lurking +suspicion of maltreatment through the crude medical notions of the time: +of bleeding when there should have been feeding; of vile medicines when +Nature should have been supported and not undermined by art. At all +events, Dr. John Hall had not the happiness and honour to record the +name of his illustrious father-in-law in his book of "Cures."<a name="FNanchor_173_173" id="FNanchor_173_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a> This +was the one great failure of his life.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;"> +<img src="images/imagep083.jpg" width="441" height="600" alt="THE CHANCEL, TRINITY CHURCH" title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE CHANCEL, TRINITY CHURCH. <br /><i>To face p. 83.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>The April 23 on which Shakespeare closed his eyes completed his cycle of +fifty-two years, according to ordinary reckoning. But strangely enough +there is entered on his tombstone "Ætatis 53," and this suggests that he +had been born on April 22. No records of his funeral have come down to +us, but it must have made a stir in his native place. He was a native of +the town, known to all in his youth, and loved by many. Yet, on the +other hand, he had offended all the traditions of the borough. He had +descended from the safe levels of trade to the vagabond life of a +"common player," especially detested in Stratford-on-Avon (see notes); +he had made money somehow in the city, and had returned to spend it in +his native town, but he had never taken office, and had never been "one +of them." And at the end he was to be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> buried in the Chancel, the +select spot for nobles and prelates and "great men." Verily the tongues +of the gossips of Stratford would wag on April 25, 1616. The authorship +of the doggerel lines on his tomb has been attributed to various people. +Probably they were a part of the stock-in-trade of the stone-cutter, +that satisfied Shakespeare's widow as expressing a known wish of her +"dear departed." Rude as they are, they have fulfilled their end:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Good Frend, for Jesus' sake forbeare</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To digg the dust encloased here;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bleste be the man that spares thes stones,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And curst be he that moves my bones."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Meanwhile Shakespeare's friends had been planning a monument to be +placed on the northern wall of the Chancel. The bust is said to have +been prepared from a death-mask, and to have been sculptured by one +Gerard Johnson, son and successor of the Amsterdam tomb-maker, whose +place of business lay between St. Saviour's Church and the Globe +Theatre. He may be presumed to have frequently seen Shakespeare in his +lifetime. The exact date of its erection is not known, but it would seem +to have been some time before 1623, as Leonard Digges refers to it in +his poem prefixed to the First Folio, "To the Memorie of the deceased +Authour, Maister W. Shakespeare":</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Shakespeare, at length thy pious fellowes give</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The World thy Workes—thy Workes, by which outlive</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy touche thy name must; when that stone is rent,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And Time dissolves thy Stratford monument,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Here we alive shall view thee still."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>Crude and inartistic as it is, the bust must have had some likeness in +its earlier days to have satisfied critical eyes; but it has passed +through so many vicissitudes, and suffered so much restoration, that the +likeness may have entirely vanished by this time. Nevertheless, it +remains a witness to the affection of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> the surviving, and a witness, +Puritans though they were, that it was on account of the power of <i>his +pen</i> that he deserved special remembrance.</p> + +<p>Upon a mural tablet are other verses, which would seem not to have been +composed by his own friends, as they speak of Shakespeare's lying +"within this monument." Whoever wrote them, the family accepted them, +and the world has endorsed them:</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;"> +<img src="images/imagep084.jpg" width="650" height="339" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>William Camden had finished his "Britannia" by 1617 (commenced in 1597), +printed in 1625. He says of Stratford Church: "In the chancel lies +William Shakespeare, a native of this place, who has given ample proof +of his genius and great abilities in the forty-eight plays he has left +behind him."</p> + +<p>It is evident that the First Folio, 1623, was <i>intended</i> by his +"fellows" at the Globe to stand as their monument to his memory, built +of the plays that had become their private property by purchase. The +verses that preface it, written by W. Basse, suggest that Shakespeare +should have been buried by Chaucer, Spenser, Beaumont, in the Poets' +Corner of Westminster Abbey. But the author withdraws his wish.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Sleep, Brave Tragedian, Shakspere, sleep alone</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy unmolested rest, unshared cave</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Possess as Lord, not tenant to thy grave," etc.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p> + +<p>Archy's "Banquet of Jests," printed in 1630, tells of one travelling +through Stratford, "a town most remarkable for the birth of famous +William Shakespeare." In the same year is said to have been written +Milton's memorable epitaph (printed 1632), a noble testimony from the +Puritan genius to the power of his play-acting brother:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"What needs my Shakspere for his honoured bones,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The labour of an age in pilèd stones?</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or that his hallowed reliques should be hid</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Under a star y-pointing pyramid?</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dear son of memory, great heir of fame,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What needst thou such weak witness of thy fame?</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thou, in our wonder and astonishment,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hast built thyself a live-long monument," etc.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>By 1651 had already been suggested an annual commemoration of his life +in Samuel Sheppard's "Epigram on Shakspere," verse 6:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Where thy honoured bones do lie,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As Statius once to Maro's urn,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thither every year will I</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Slowly tread and sadly turn."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The State Papers even show the appreciation of his age.<a name="FNanchor_174_174" id="FNanchor_174_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a> But I was +pleased to find that the first recorded <i>student</i> of Shakespeare was a +woman. On January 21, 1638,<a name="FNanchor_175_175" id="FNanchor_175_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a> Madam Anne Merrick, in the country, +wrote to a friend in London that she could not come to town, but "must +content herself with the study of Shakespeare and the 'History of +Women,'" which seem to have constituted all her country library. The +Judges of King Charles I. reproached him with the <i>study</i> of +Shakespeare's Plays.<a name="FNanchor_176_176" id="FNanchor_176_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a></p> + +<p>These records also contain a bookseller's (Mr. Moseley's) account<a name="FNanchor_177_177" id="FNanchor_177_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a> +for books, probably provided to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> Lord Conway, among which are "Ben +Jonson's poems, 6d., Beaumont's poems, 6d., Shakespeare's poems, 1/-," +etc.</p> + +<p>Other references to Shakespeare's works occur in the same records. But +as this is not intended as a literary biography, I forbear to reproduce +them now.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_136_136" id="Footnote_136_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_136"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> Bearley Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_137_137" id="Footnote_137_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_137"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> Worcester Marriage Licenses.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_138_138" id="Footnote_138_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_138"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> Francis Throgmorton, son and heir of Sir John +Throgmorton, of Feckenham, to Anne Sutton, alias Dudley, daughter of Sir +Edward Sutton, June 3, 1571. See my "Shakespeare's Warwickshire +Contemporaries," p. 111.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_139_139" id="Footnote_139_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_139"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> See July 13, 1895, p. 67.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_140_140" id="Footnote_140_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_140"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> "Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries," ii., p. 12. +Sir Thomas had no park, and Justice Shallow bore no resemblance to him, +etc.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_141_141" id="Footnote_141_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_141"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, vi., p. 48; also <i>Athenæum</i>, February 8, 1896, +p. 190.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_142_142" id="Footnote_142_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_142"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> "Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries," i. Richard +Field, Stratford-on-Avon Press.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_143_143" id="Footnote_143_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_143"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> Greene's "Groatsworth of Wit."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_144_144" id="Footnote_144_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_144"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> See my articles "The Date of the Sonnets," <i>Athenæum</i>, +March 19 and 26, 1898, pp. 374, 403, and "Mr. W. H.," August 4, 1900, p. +154.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_145_145" id="Footnote_145_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_145"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> Sonnets CX. and CXI.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_146_146" id="Footnote_146_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_146"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> See my English article (reprinted) "The Earliest Official +Record of Shakespeare's Name," "Shakespeare Jahrbuch," vol. xxxii., +Berlin, 1896.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_147_147" id="Footnote_147_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_147"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> Declared Accounts, Treasury Chamber, Pipe Office, 542.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_148_148" id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> August 11, 1596 (Stratford Burial Register).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_149_149" id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> William Underhill, the Lord of Idlicote (by +Barton-on-the-Heath), conveyed New Place to Shakespeare at Easter, 1597, +and died in July of that year. His son Fulke died without issue, and his +brother Hercules, who succeeded, being under age, did not complete the +transfer till 1602.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_150_150" id="Footnote_150_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_150"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> Meres' "Wit's Treasury," second part of "Wit's +Commonwealth."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_151_151" id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> From the original at the birthplace, Stratford-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_152_152" id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> Greenway was the Stratford carrier.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_153_153" id="Footnote_153_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_153"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., cclx. 116.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_154_154" id="Footnote_154_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_154"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> The Burbage and Benfield Case, the Lord Chamberlain's +Papers, 1635, P.R.O. See also Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," i. 312, +and Fleay, "Hist. of Stage," p. 325.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> See Accounts of Treasurer of the Chamber, etc.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_156_156" id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," i. 205; ii. 19. Court +Rolls of Rowington.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_157_157" id="Footnote_157_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_157"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., Subsidy List., 1605.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> The title-page of "Hamlet" (Stat. Reg., July 26, 1602) +implies that the company had been travelling to Oxford and Cambridge.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_159_159" id="Footnote_159_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_159"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> See Dibden's "History of the Edinburgh Stage."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_160_160" id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> See my own paper on "The Scottish and English +Macbeth."—"Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature," 1897.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> Rymer's "Fœdera," V. xvi. 505.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_162_162" id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> Nichols's "Progresses of James I.," vol. i.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_163_163" id="Footnote_163_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_163"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> See Letters and Proclamations in State Papers, Domestic +Series, of the time.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_164_164" id="Footnote_164_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_164"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> Dec. Acc. Treasurer of the Chamber (November, 1603-4).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_165_165" id="Footnote_165_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_165"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," i. 212.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_166_166" id="Footnote_166_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_166"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> Ben Jonson's verses, 1623, folio.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_167_167" id="Footnote_167_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_167"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> Fleay's "Life of Shakespeare," p. 7.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_168_168" id="Footnote_168_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_168"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> This deed is preserved in the Guildhall Library, and an +account of it appears in the <i>Antiquary</i>, New Series, iv. 204.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_169_169" id="Footnote_169_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_169"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> See Dr. Ingleby, "Shakespeare and the Welcombe +Enclosures."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_170_170" id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Worcester Bishops' Books.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_171_171" id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> Justice Shallow tells Anne Page that his cousin Slender +will maintain her as a gentlewoman: "He will make you a hundred and +fifty pounds jointure."—<i>The Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, III., 4.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_172_172" id="Footnote_172_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_172"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> See Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," i. 312.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> See next chapter, p. 98.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_174_174" id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> See Dr. Ingleby's "Century of Praise," and my own +"Bacon-Shakespeare Question Answered."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_175_175" id="Footnote_175_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_175"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> State Papers, Domestic Series, Charles I., 409 (167).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_176_176" id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> J. Cooke's appeal to all rational men, 1649.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_177_177" id="Footnote_177_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_177"><span class="label">[177]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, 478 (16).</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IX</h2> + +<h3>SHAKESPEARE'S DESCENDANTS</h3> + + +<p>William Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, of a respectable family, +supposed to be of Shottery. He had three children: Susanna, and Hamnet +and Judith, twins. The boy died young, in 1596, <i>before</i> the grant of +arms was completed. Anne Hathaway is described as of Stratford in the +marriage bond, but so were Fulk Sandells and John Richardson, the +bondsmen, known to be of Shottery. Indeed, the village lay within the +parish of Stratford.</p> + +<p>Gwillim mentions arms,<a name="FNanchor_178_178" id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a> "Sable, a bugle, or hunter's horn, garnished +and furnished argent. This coat-armour is of very ancient erection in +the church of Rewardine, in the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, and +pertained to the family of Hatheway of the same place." Again he says, +"Paleways of six, Argent and sable, on a bend Or, three pheons<a name="FNanchor_179_179" id="FNanchor_179_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a> of +the second, by the name of Hatheway."<a name="FNanchor_180_180" id="FNanchor_180_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a></p> + +<p>The Hathaways from whom Anne Shakespeare descended have not been proved +to be of the Gloucestershire stock, nor is it absolutely certain to +which of the three Shottery families she belonged. In the Warwickshire +Survey (Philip and Mary) it is stated that John Hathaway held part of a +property at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span> Shottery, called Hewlands, by copy of Court Roll dated +April 20, 1542. He was possibly the same as the archer of that name, +mentioned in the Muster Roll 28 Henry VIII., and was probably father of +the Richard befriended by John Shakespeare in 1566. The Stratford +registers record the birth of Thomas, son of Richard Hathaway, April 12, +1569; John, February 3, 1574, and William, November 30, 1578. Anne +Hathaway, we know, from the words on her tombstone, must have been born +before the register commenced (1558). There is not another Agnes, or +Anne, recorded that could represent the legatee of Richard Hathaway's +will of September, 1581. To his eldest son, Bartholomew, he left the +farm,<a name="FNanchor_181_181" id="FNanchor_181_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a> to be carried on with his mother; to his second and third +sons, Thomas and John, he left £6 13s. 4d. each; to his fourth son, +William, £10; to his daughters, Agnes (or Anne) and Catherine, £6 13s. +4d., to be paid on the day of their marriage; and to his youngest +daughter, Margaret, £6 13s. 4d. when she was seventeen. Witnessed by Sir +William Gilbert, clerk and curate of Stratford.</p> + +<p>The farm was not a freehold; Bartholomew did not become its owner until +1610, when he purchased it from William Whitmore and John Randall. +Richard Hathaway mentions in his will his "shepherd, Thomas Whittington +of Shottery." This man died in 1601, and by his will bequeathed to the +poor "Forty shillings that is in the hand of Anne Shaxspere, wife unto +Mr. Wyllyam Shaxspere, and is debt due to me." It was a common custom of +the days before savings-banks, for poor earners to deposit their savings +in the charge of rich and trustworthy friends, and this little link +seems to associate Anne Shakespeare doubly with that particular family +of Hathaways.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 592px;"> +<img src="images/imagep088.jpg" width="592" height="403" alt="ANNE HATHAWAY'S COTTAGE.To face p. 88." title="" /> +<span class="caption">ANNE HATHAWAY'S COTTAGE.<br /><i>To face p. 88.</i></span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p> + +<p>Shakespeare does not mention any of his wife's relatives in his will, +but that does not necessarily imply coldness of feeling. Dr. John Hall, +his son-in-law, was made overseer of Bartholomew Hathaway's will in +1621, and in 1625 he was one of the trustees at the marriage of Isabel, +his granddaughter, the daughter of Richard Hathaway of Bridge Street. A +Richard is mentioned in the registers as being baptized in 1559 (but it +is not clear that he was the son of this Richard or of Bartholomew), who +became a baker in Bridge Street, an important member of the Town +Council, and Constable in 1605. He was elected High Bailiff of Stratford +in 1526, and was styled "gent." Many of the name are buried in Trinity +Church, Stratford.</p> + +<p>In the rather remarkable testament of Thomas Nash,<a name="FNanchor_182_182" id="FNanchor_182_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a> first husband of +Shakespeare's only granddaughter, Elizabeth, he left £50 to Elizabeth +Hathaway, £50 to Thomas Hathaway, and £10 to Judith Hathaway. His wife +also remembered them, as will be afterwards shown. William Hathaway, of +Weston-upon-Avon, in the county of Gloucester, yeoman, and Thomas +Hathaway, of Stratford-upon-Avon, joiner, were parties to the New Place +settlement of 1647.</p> + +<p>All this shows that the Shakespeares were not ashamed of their mother's +relatives. We do not know anything about Anne Shakespeare after her +husband's death until we reach the record of her own, "August 8th, 1623, +Mrs. Shakespeare."<a name="FNanchor_183_183" id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a></p> + +<p>Tradition says that she earnestly desired to be buried in her husband's +grave. The survivors were not able to secure this, but they buried her +as near him as they could. Her daughter Susanna's grief is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> recorded in +touching lines, probably Latinized by Dr. Hall, placed on her tombstone:</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 550px;"> +<img src="images/imagep090.jpg" width="550" height="265" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Thou, my mother, gave me life, thy breast and milk; alas! for such +great bounty to me I shall give thee a tomb. How much rather I +would entreat the good angel to move the stone, so that thy figure +might come forth, as did the body of Christ; but my prayers avail +nothing. Come quickly, O Christ; so that my mother, closed in the +tomb, may rise again and seek the stars."<a name="FNanchor_184_184" id="FNanchor_184_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a></p></div> + +<p>Of Anne Shakespeare's children we have already spoken. Susannah was born +May 26, 1583, Hamnet and Judith, February 2, 1584-85. Hamnet—surely the +model of Shakespeare's sweet boys—had died on August 11, 1596. So the +name Shakespeare had glorified was doomed to die with himself, and was +not to be borne by lesser men. His property the poet could and did +devise.</p> + +<p>Much discussion has taken place concerning the poet's views of his +younger daughter and her marriage. I do not think these views at all +supported by his will. Three hundred pounds was a very large portion +indeed at the time. It was demised to her doubtless before her marriage, +but it was not altered in relation to her after her marriage. It would +be hard indeed to believe that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> such a ceremony, even without a license, +could be performed in the gossipy town of Stratford without the news of +it somehow reaching the father's ears, if there had been any attempt +really to deceive. There is no reason to imagine Shakespeare disapproved +of the alliance. The young man came of an old Stratford family. It is +possible, however, that the poet foresaw a certain degree of instability +of character in the youth, and therefore wished to make his will act as +a marriage settlement that would secure his daughter from starvation. +The second half of his bequest might only be touched by her husband, if +he had settled on her land of equal value. This Thomas Quiney does not +seem to have done.</p> + +<p>Richard Quiney had died 1601-2, and his widow Elizabeth kept a tavern, +in which she was probably at one time assisted by her younger son +Thomas. In December, 1611, she conveyed a house to William Mountford for +£131, and Judith Shakespeare was a subscribing witness. But neither she +nor her future mother-in-law signed their names, nor even the customary +cross, but a strangely-penned device of their own. Thomas Quiney lived +in a small house in the High Street until after his marriage. It was +probably his wife's money that enabled him to lease the larger house on +the other side, called "The Cage," and to start therein business as a +vintner.</p> + +<p>At first he was successful. He was made a burgess in 1617, and was +Chamberlain from 1621 to 1623. His accounts for the latter year are +headed by a French proverb, as to the happiness of those who become wise +through the experience of others, that might have had an opposite +meaning to his contemporaries. It shows us that he could not only read +and write English, but at least a little French. By 1630 he was involved +in lawsuits, left the town council, and tried to dispose of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> the lease +of his house. In 1633 Dr. Hall and Thomas Nash acted as trustees for his +estate. His fortunes seemed to have become worse and worse. In 1652 he +went to the Metropolis, where his elder brother Richard was a thriving +grocer in Bucklersbury, in company with Roger Sadler. Richard, in +August, 1655,<a name="FNanchor_185_185" id="FNanchor_185_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a> made a will, in which he left, besides handsome +provision for his children—Richard, Adrian, Thomas, William and +Sarah—his brother Thomas £12 a year for life, and £5 for the expenses +of his funeral, out of his messuages at Shottery. The Quiney coat of +arms is entered among those of the London burgesses at Guildhall,<a name="FNanchor_186_186" id="FNanchor_186_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a> +"Mr. Quiney of ye Red Lyon in Bucklersbury."</p> + +<p>The family of Thomas Quiney and his wife Judith was not a large one. In +the year that the poet died they christened their eldest son, "Shaksper, +filius Thomas Quyny gent.," November 23, 1616. But the child died in a +few months. On May 8, 1617, was buried "Shakespere, filius Thomas Quyny, +gent."</p> + +<p>On February 9, 1617-18, "Richard filius Thomas Quinee" was baptized, and +on January 23, 1619-20, "Thomas, filius Thomas Queeny." These lads may +have followed to the grave their grandmother, Mrs. Shakespeare, and +their uncle, Dr. Hall; and they may have been present at the marriage of +their cousin, Mrs. Elizabeth Hall, to Mr. Thomas Nash. But they died +within a month of each other, probably of some infectious fever, the +younger first—"Thomas filius Thomæ Quiney, Jan. 28th, 1638-9"; +"Richardus filius Tho. Quiney, Feb. 26th, 1638-9." There were no other +children, and no prospect of more, and these early deaths affected the +devolution of the poet's property, as may hereafter be seen.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately, we know nothing concerning Dr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> John Hall before his +marriage to the poet's elder daughter Susanna on June 5, 1607, he being +then thirty-two and she twenty-five. He cannot have been the son of Dr. +John Hall, of Maidstone, Kent, whose translation of Lanfranc's +"Chirurgerie," with portrait of the translator, appeared in 1565. He +would have been an eminently suitable father, distinguished alike in his +art and his character, author of "The Court of Virtue," and many +metrical Bible translations; but he died in 1566, and the Stratford Dr. +John Hall was born in 1575. Halliwell-Phillipps<a name="FNanchor_187_187" id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a> suggests that he +may have been connected with the Halls of Acton, Middlesex, because he +left his only daughter his "house and meadow at Acton." A John Hall was +married in that parish, it is true, on September 19, 1574,<a name="FNanchor_188_188" id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a> to +Margaret Archer. But he had a daughter Elizabeth christened on June 5, +1575, about the very date at which the Stratford "John" must have been +born. Any connection, therefore, must have been further off than filial, +and the name is too common to be easily followed.</p> + +<p>There were Halls in Worcester,<a name="FNanchor_189_189" id="FNanchor_189_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a> in Rowington, and in Coventry, and +it may be remembered that a John Hall supplanted Richard Shakespeare as +Bailiff of the Priory of Wroxall during the last year of its existence. +There was a Richard Hall of Stratford in the list of the gentry 12 Henry +VI., 1433. There was also a Richard Hall, gentleman,<a name="FNanchor_190_190" id="FNanchor_190_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a> of Idlicote, +in the sixteenth century, who seems to have moved about a good deal, as +there is a record of "Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Hall, Generosus, +bapt. February 14th, 1560," at Idlicote, and of "Maria filia Richardi +Hall, Generosus, March 17th, 1561," in Stratford. I have not traced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> any +of the name of John christened in Idlicote or elsewhere at the date.</p> + +<p>The Idlicote Halls were suspected recusants, as may be proved by the +search made in their house when Edward Arden was dragged away from Park +Hall in 1583.<a name="FNanchor_191_191" id="FNanchor_191_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a> There was a "Mr. Hall" Alderman of Stratford 1558, +and in 1575 Edmund Hall and Emma his wife sold two messuages to John +Shakespeare. Were they contemplating going abroad at the time? They are +not further referred to in Stratford records. In a manuscript of the +British Museum a table is sketched of the Halls of Henwick in Hallow. +John Hall of Henwick had a son Thomas, who married, first, Anne, +daughter of William Staple, and, second, a daughter of Hardwick. He had +at least two sons, John, who married Margaret, daughter of William +Grovelight, of London, and Edmund, who married Emma, daughter of —— +(?). John had Edward, Anne, Elizabeth, and Emma, and the descendants of +Edmund are not entered.<a name="FNanchor_192_192" id="FNanchor_192_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a> Catholicism might have been a reason for +realizing their property and going abroad.</p> + +<p>Now, John Hall expressly calls himself a Master of Arts, though his name +is not recorded in the Books of the English Universities. He would not +have done so had he not taken his degree. It possibly might have been in +Paris, and he might have followed it up with foreign study. This would +quite accord with his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> appearance in Stratford after the death of +Elizabeth. A Warwickshire gentle origin<a name="FNanchor_193_193" id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a> may somewhat account for +the degree of intimacy he seems to have had with the county families, +both Puritan and Catholic. His fame as a physician rapidly spread. He +resided in a house in Old Town, on the way from the church to the +chapel. His only daughter, Elizabeth, was baptized at Stratford on +February 21, 1607-8,<a name="FNanchor_194_194" id="FNanchor_194_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a> during her grandfather's (William +Shakespeare's) life. His name occurs in the town records in 1611,<a name="FNanchor_195_195" id="FNanchor_195_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a> +among the supporters to a Highway Bill, and he leased from the +Corporation a small stretch of wooded land on the outskirts of the town +in 1612. He must have remained on friendly terms with his father-in-law, +as he and his wife Susanna were left residuary legatees and executors of +Shakespeare's will, which he proved in June of that year, in the +Archbishop of Canterbury's Registry at London.</p> + +<p>He shortly afterwards moved to New Place, beside his mother-in-law, +where the vestry notes of February 3, 1617-1618, record him as resident. +He was elected a Burgess of Stratford in 1617, and again in 1623, but +was excused from taking office on account of his professional +engagements. On April 22, 1626, Mr. Thomas Nash married his daughter, +Mrs. Elizabeth Hall. Hall gave the church a costly new pulpit, and in +1628 was appointed a borough churchwarden, in 1629 a sidesman, and in +1632 was compelled to become a burgess, and was soon after fined for +non-attendance at the council meetings.</p> + +<p>In 1633 he was made the Vicar's churchwarden,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> and in that year the +Vicar, Thomas Wilson, induced him to join in a Chancery action against +the town. He was already in trouble with his fellow councillors, who in +October of that year expelled him for his "breach of orders, sundry +other misdemeanours, and for his continual disturbance at our Halles." +Evidently Dr. John had opinions of his own, and had the courage to +express them. He was a deeply religious man, and, though he has been +supposed to have shown Puritan tendencies in later life, it was a +Puritanism that did not eschew Catholicism. His was a religion of +constant reference to the Unseen. He was always a helper of those in +trouble for conscience' sake; and probably this was the reason he +supported the unpopular Vicar.</p> + +<p>Shortly after, in 1635, there was a petition sent up from the +Corporation of Stratford for their wives to have the pew in Stratford +Church occupied by Dr. Hall, his wife, and his son-in-law and his wife. +Each family had a pew at each side of the church, while there was not +room for the burgesses' wives to sit or kneel in. It was true that the +said Mr. Hall had been a great benefactor to the church, and the Bishop +of the diocese had appointed him his pew; but his family were asked to +choose which of their large pews they preferred to keep, along with Mrs. +Woodward and Mrs. Lane, so that they might allow the aldermen's wives to +have the other.</p> + +<p>John Hall died on November 25, 1635, and was buried next day in the +chancel of the parish church, though he had already disposed of the +lease of the tithes purchased by his father-in-law.</p> + +<p>The burial register of the next day describes him as "Medicus +Peritissimus." By a nuncupative will, he left a house in London to his +wife, a house in Acton and a meadow to his daughter Elizabeth, and his +study of books to his son-in-law Thomas Nash. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> manuscripts he would +have given to Mr. Boles had he been present, but Nash was to keep them +and use them as he pleased. It is probable that Mr. Boles was Richard +Boles, Rector of Whitnash, not far from Stratford—an eccentric person, +a writer of epitaphs, who had set up his own in his church while he yet +lived.<a name="FNanchor_196_196" id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a></p> + +<p>On the monumental slab of Dr. Hall is a shield of arms: "Sable, three +talbots' heads erased or" for Hall, impaling Shakespeare or on a bend +"sable, a spear of the first, the point steeled." "Here lyeth ye Body of +John Hall, gent: Hee marr: Susanna ye daughter and coheire of Will: +Shakespeare, gent., Hee deceased Nov<sup>r</sup> 25, Anno 1635, aged 60.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Hallius sic situs est, medica celeberrimus arte</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Expectans regni Gaudia læta Dei;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dignus erat meritis qui nestora vinceret annis,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">In terris omnes, sed capit æqua dies;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ne tumulo quid desit adest fidessima conjux</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Est vitæ comitem nunc quoq. mortis habet."<a name="FNanchor_197_197" id="FNanchor_197_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a></span><br /> +</p> + +<p>It has been thought that this proves the epitaph was not written until +after Mrs. Hall's death. She may have wished the words set up, to +determine her resting-place; or Mr. Boles may have helped Thomas Nash +with the Latin.</p> + +<p>After his death his son-in-law, Thomas Nash, came to reside at New +Place, and took the position of head of the family. Indeed, in one of +his letters he speaks of "Mrs. Hall, my mother-in-law, who lives with +me." But the house and everything in it, saving the study of books, +belonged to Mrs. Hall, of course.</p> + +<p>We know nothing of the nature or the fate of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span> bulk of these +manuscripts, though many have longed to trace them. Possibly among them, +though it is not likely (being in bound volumes) were two notebooks of +Dr. John Hall's observations, from which James Cooke, a physician +introduced later to Mrs. Hall, translated the materials for a little +book entitled, "Select Observations on English Bodies; or, Cures both +Empericall and Historicall Performed on very Eminent Persons in +Desperate Diseases, first written in Latine by Mr. John Hall, Physician +living at Stratford-on-Avon in Warwickshire where he was very famous, as +also in the counties adjacent, as appears by these observations, drawn +out of severall hundreds of his as choycest, now put into English for +common benefit by James Cooke, practitioner in Physick and Surgery, +1657." Cooke, in the introduction, relates the strange manner in which +he became possessed of them, Mrs. Hall not knowing they were in her +husband's handwriting, and, believing they were part of a poor scholar's +mortgage, transferred them to him with other books. Cooke used the books +as guides in his own practice, and then expanded the contractions, +translated and published them, "being acquainted with his apothecary." +It is no slight compliment to a physician to have his cures published +twenty-two years after his death, and to have them run through more than +one edition. Cooke mentions: "Mr. John Hall had the happiness to lead +the way to that practice almost generally used now by the most knowing +of mixing scorbutics to most remedies." It is to Cooke we owe +information concerning Hall's education abroad; concerning the +physician, his relative, on terms of intimacy with Mrs. Hall, who +introduced him to New Place; and concerning the "other book" of Dr. John +Hall, also prepared for the press. We wonder what it contained.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p> + +<p>The book published by Cooke records only <i>cures</i>. We are inclined to +echo, "Where are they that were drowned?" Doubtless Hall had attended +his father-in-law in his last illness, but his skill and affection were +not sufficient to save him. And because of this failure, we do not know +the symptoms shown by the poet after the traditional "merrymaking with +Ben Jonson and Drayton," when later gossips say he "drank too much." The +earliest <i>dated</i> cure is 1617. But is it too much to imagine that the +undated illness of Drayton, recorded in "Obs. XXII.," occurred at the +same time as the death of the poet? Was he at any later time ill in +Warwickshire, and likely to be attended by Dr. John Hall? "Mr. Drayton, +an excellent poet, labouring of a Tertian, was cured by the following +treatment." Let us suppose it was April, 1616, and it may account for +the poet's illness, otherwise than by over-drinking.</p> + +<p>In "Obs. XIX." Hall mentions without date an illness of his wife, Mrs. +Hall. "Obs. XXXVI." concerns his only daughter, and supports my opinion +of a constitutional delicacy of Anne Hathaway and her family. It is not +insignificant that her grandchild should suffer from "tortura oris," or +convulsions of the mouth, and ophthalmia. She was cured of one attack on +January 5, 1624. In the beginning of April she went to London, and on +returning on the 22nd of the same month, she took cold, and fell into +the same distemper, which affected the other side of her face. This +second time, "By the blessing of God, she was cured in sixteen days." +But on May 24 of the same year she was struck down with an erratic +fever. Sometimes she was hot, by-and-by sweating, again cold, all in the +space of half an hour. Her father's treatment again healed her; "the +symptoms remitted daily till she was well, thus was she delivered from<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> +death and deadly diseases, and was well for many years." Many other +familiar names occur in this volume—"Mrs. Queeny," Mrs. Smith, Mr. +Wilson, Mrs. Throgmorton, Mrs. Sheldon, Mrs. Greene, John Nason, the +Underhills, Mrs. Baker, Dr. Thornbery, Bishop of Worcester (aged +eighty-six on February 1, 1633), Mrs. Combe, Katherine Sturley, "Mrs. +Grace Court, wife to my apothecary." In "Obs. LXIV." he speaks of +treating "the only son of Mr. Holyoake, which framed the dictionary." +"Obs. LXXXII.," Book II., records the restoration from the gates of +death of Mr. John Trapp, minister; and Obs. "LX.," Book II., gives an +account of Hall's own dangerous illness in 1632, when his anxious wife +sent for two physicians, who pulled him through; and he records his +prayer to God on the occasion. We must not forget that this was the date +of his quarrel with the Corporation.</p> + +<p>The death of the young Quineys in 1638-39 affected the details of the +poet's will; for it may be remembered the property was settled on +Susanna Hall and her heirs male, failing whom, on the heirs male of +Elizabeth Hall, failing whom, on the heirs male of Judith, in default of +such heirs male, on the right heirs of William Shakespeare for ever. The +failure in the heirs male of Judith therefore entitled Elizabeth Nash to +the full inheritance as heir-general, and within a few weeks after the +unexpected death of her cousins, Susanna Hall, widow, joined with Mr. +and Mrs. Nash, May 27, 1639, in making a new settlement of Shakespeare's +entails on Mrs. Hall for life, after whom on Mr. and Mrs. Nash, and <i>the +longer liver of them</i>, after them, to the heirs of their body, and in +default of such, to the heirs of the said Elizabeth. Should she die +first without heirs, the property was secured to the <i>heirs and assignes +of the said Thomas Nash</i>, a reversion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> certainly not fair to Joan Hart, +the poet's sister, and her children. Still, it all seemed too far off to +consider. To this document Mrs. Hall appended her signature and her +seal, with the arms of Shakespeare impaled with those of Hall.</p> + +<p>Thomas Nash seemed to have believed this fully settled everything on +himself, and that he was likely to outlive his mother-in-law and his +wife, for on August 20, 1642, he executed, without his wife's sanction +or knowledge, a mysterious will, that afterwards led to trouble.</p> + +<p>The importance of New Place, the largest house in the town, and the +liberality and loyalty of its owners, were curiously signalized in the +following year. Queen Henrietta Maria, in July, 1643, marched from +Newark to Kineton by way of Stratford, where she was reinforced by +Prince Rupert and 2,000 men. She held her court for three days<a name="FNanchor_198_198" id="FNanchor_198_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a> in +Shakespeare's house, probably accompanied by only her immediate personal +attendants. On July 13, the Queen and Prince Rupert moved off to meet +the King in the vale of Kineton near Edgehill.<a name="FNanchor_199_199" id="FNanchor_199_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a></p> + +<p>Thomas Nash died on April 4, 1647, and was buried in the chancel beside +Shakespeare. "Heere resteth ye body of Thomas Nashe Esq. He mar. +Elizabeth, the daug. and Heire of John Halle, gent. He died Aprill 4, A. +1647. Aged 53.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Fata manent omnes, hunc non virtute carentem</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">ut neque divitiis, abstulit atra dies</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Abstulit at referet lux ultima; siste, viator,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">si peritura paras per male parta peris."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The coat of arms was double quarterly of four, First, 1 and 4 argent on +a chevron between three ravens' heads erased azure, a pellet between 4 +cross-crosslets sable, for Nash; 2 and 3 sable a buck's head caboshed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> +argent attired or, between his horns a cross patée, and across his mouth +an arrow, Bulstrode. Second, 1 and 4, for Hall, 2 and 3 Shakespeare.</p> + +<p>When the notable will was opened, and proved in the following June, the +widow declined to follow out its provisions as concerned her own +property, which Thomas Nash had treated as if entirely his own. "Item, I +give, dispose and bequeath, unto my Kinsman Edward Nash, and to his +heires and assignes for ever, one messuage or tenement with the +appurtenances comonly called or knowne by the name of The New Place ... +together with all and singular howses, outhowses, barnes, stables, +orchards, gardens, etc, esteemed or enjoyed as thereto belonging ... +also fower yards of arable land meadowe and pasture ... in old +Stratford, and also one other tenement with the appurtenances in the +parish of —— London; called or known by the name of the Wardropp, and +now in the tenure of one —— Dickes."</p> + +<p>Mrs. Nash had soldiers quartered on her at New Place during the very +month of her husband's death, one of whom was implicated in the robbery +of deer from the park of Sir Greville Verney on April 30, 1647. But she +did not fail in legal knowledge of what she ought to do under the +unexpected provisions of her husband's will, of which she was left sole +executrix and residuary legatee. She and her mother combined in levying +a fine on the property,<a name="FNanchor_200_200" id="FNanchor_200_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a> and reconveying it to the sole use of her +mother and herself, and their heirs for ever. She was not yet +thirty-nine years of age, and did not feel inclined even then to take it +for granted she would not marry again, even if Edward Nash agreed, as he +could be made to agree, that his inheritance could only come to him on +her decease without issue.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p> + +<p>But Edward Nash did not like her proceedings, and filed a Bill in +Chancery on February, 1647-48, against Elizabeth Nash, and other +legatees, to compel them to produce his uncle's will in court, and +execute its provisions. Mrs. Nash admitted its contents, but averred the +testator had no power to demise property which had belonged to her +grandfather, and had been left to herself. She explained that her mother +was still living, and that in conjunction they had levied the fine. She +only disputed that part of her husband's will concerning her own +property, and mentioned her deeds and evidences. Her answer was taken by +commission, at Stratford, in April, 1648, and in June it was ordered +that the defendants should bring into court the will and other +evidences, and the writ was personally served on Mrs. Nash.</p> + +<p>The will of Thomas Nash was produced before the Examiners in Chancery in +November, but Mrs. Nash defied all orders concerning the other +"evidences," as may be seen from the affidavit filed at the Six Clerks' +Office in December, 1649. She was brave in her determination that her +own rights and her mother's should not be assailed, and she was perhaps +prudent in her opinion that the fewer papers that were produced the +shorter time would the suit last. No replication or decree is recorded. +The litigation apparently terminated in a compromise, doubtless hastened +by Mrs. Nash's second marriage. Perhaps Edward Nash by this time +realized the injustice or the impracticability of his claim. The only +further allusion to it occurs in Lady Barnard's will.<a name="FNanchor_201_201" id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a> She directs +her trustees to dispose of New Place with the proviso "that my loving +cousin, Edward Nash, Esq., shall have the first offer or refusal +thereof, according to <i>my promise formerly made to him</i>."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p> + +<p>Elizabeth Nash married Mr. John Barnard, of Abington, Northamptonshire, +at Billesley, a village four miles from Stratford, June 5, 1649, where +the Trussels resided. Why did she go there to be married? A puzzling +question indeed, which cannot be answered by the register, as it is +lost. Whether her marriage weakened her mother's health, or whether the +state of her mother's health had hastened her marriage, we know not; but +a month later, on July 11, 1649, Mrs. Hall died, and, being buried +beside her husband on the 16th, <i>made his tomb complete</i>. The Latin +scholars of the family were all gone, and it is not too much to suppose +that Elizabeth herself, Shakespeare's grandchild, composed her mother's +epitaph:</p> + +<p>"Here lyeth the body of Susanna, wife of John Hall, gent., the daughter +of William Shakespeare, gent. She deceased the 11 day of July, Anno +1649, aged 66.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Witty above her sex, but that's not all,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wise to Salvation was good Mistress Hall,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Something of Shakespeare was in that, but this</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wholly of him with whom she's now in blisse.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Then, passenger, hast nere a tear</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">To weep with her that wept with all</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That wept, yet set herself to chere</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">Them up with comforts cordiall?</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Her love shall live, her mercy spread</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">When thou hast nere a tear to shed."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>A lozenge bore the arms of Hall and Shakespeare impaled. In the early +part of last century these verses were erased to make space for the +record of the death of one Richard Watts, who owned some of the tithes +and had the right to be buried in the chancel. But they, fortunately, +had been preserved by Dugdale;<a name="FNanchor_202_202" id="FNanchor_202_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a> and in 1844 the Watts record was +erased and Mrs. Hall's verses restored.</p> + +<p>Her death limited Shakespeare's descendants to two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>—Judith Quiney, +daughter, and Elizabeth Barnard, granddaughter. A fine was levied on New +Place in 1650, in which John Barnard and Henry Smith were made trustees +to the settlement of 1647, instead of Richard Lane and William Smith. In +1652 a new settlement was made, devising it to the use of John Barnard +and his wife, and the longer liver of them, to the heirs of the body of +Elizabeth, failing whom to any persons she might name. In default of +such nomination, the property was to go to the right heirs of the +survivor. A fine was again levied on this settlement. Mr. John Barnard +was knighted by Charles II. in 1661. The Stratford Register of 1661-62 +records the death of Elizabeth's aunt, Judith, "uxor Thomas Quiney, +gent., Feb. 9th, 1661-2." The use of the word "uxor" is no certain proof +that he was alive at the time.</p> + +<p>Judith's death, at the age of seventy-seven, left Lady Elizabeth Barnard +the poet's sole survivor. She had no children by her second marriage, +about which we have no other detail. It has been surmised that it was +not a happy one. Sir John Barnard was a widower, and had already a +family. There is no mention of this family in Lady Barnard's will, and a +limitation to the barest law and justice towards her husband, whom she +did not leave her executor. The will was drawn up on January 29, +1669-70, and she died at Abington in February. "Madam Elizabeth Bernard, +wife of Sir John Bernard, Knight, was buried 17th Feb., 1669-70."<a name="FNanchor_203_203" id="FNanchor_203_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_203_203" class="fnanchor">[203]</a> +No sepulchral monument was raised in memory of the granddaughter and +heir of Shakespeare, but she probably lay in the same tomb as her +husband, who died in 1674. A memorial slab still remains to his memory +in Abington Church, but the place of his burial is unknown, and the +vault below this stone is used by another family.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span></p> + +<p>By his death his wife's will<a name="FNanchor_204_204" id="FNanchor_204_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_204_204" class="fnanchor">[204]</a> came into force, written while she was +still "in perfect memory—blessed be God!—and mindful of mortality." +She recounted the settlement of April 18, 1653, to which the trustees +were Henry Smith, of Stratford, gent., and Job Dighton, of the Middle +Temple, London, Esquire. Henry Smith, her surviving trustee, or his +heirs, six months after the death of her husband, Sir John Barnard, was +to sell New Place, giving the first offer to her loving cousin, Edward +Nash, and the money was to be used in legacies. Her cousin, Thomas +Welles, of Carleton, in county Bedford, was to have £50 if he be alive, +and if he be dead, her kinsman, Edward Bagley, citizen of London, was to +receive the amount. How she was connected with these men I have been +unable to find out. "Judith Hathaway, one of the daughters of my +kinsman, Thomas Hathaway, late of Stratford," £5 a year or £40 in hand. +Unto Joane, the wife of Edward Kent, another daughter of the said Thomas +Hathaway, £50, failing whom to her heir, <i>Edward Kent the younger</i>, at +his coming of age. To this same Edward Kent she left £30 for his +apprenticeship. To Rose, Elizabeth, and Susanna, three other "daughters +of my kinsman, Thomas Hathaway, £40 a piece." Henry Smith was to have £5 +for his pains, and Edward Bagley to be residuary legatee. "To my +kinsman, Thomas Hart, the son of Thomas Hart, late of Stratford, all +that my other messuage or Inne commonly called the Maydenhead, with the +next house thereto adjoining, with the barne belonging to the same, now +in the occupation of Michael Johnson; to Thomas Hart and his heirs, +failing whom to his brother George Hart and his heirs," failing whom to +her own right heirs for ever. She made her "loving kinsman Edward +Bagley" executor, "in witness of which I set my hand and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span> seal." It may +be seen that she retained absolute power of the poet's purchases, but +justly left his inheritance from his father John to his sister's +descendants. But she did no more than justice.</p> + +<p>It is not clear how the connection is traced between her and her other +legatees, but it is very noticeable her preference for the Hathaway +connections to those of the Shakespeare side.</p> + +<p>Ere she died the poet's Blackfriars tenement had been reduced to ashes +in the Great Fire of 1666. What right in it or its site remained, +accrued to Edward Bagley, "citizen of London," her executor and +residuary legatee, who proved her will, March 4, 1669, though it is +stated to have been sold in Shakespeare's Biography in the Dictionary.</p> + +<p>Edward Nash did not buy New Place, after all. It was bought by Sir +Edward Walker, at one time Secretary of War to Charles I., and then +Garter King-at-Arms. Halliwell-Phillipps states<a name="FNanchor_205_205" id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a> it was sold by the +"surviving trustee," but Sir Edward Walker's own will<a name="FNanchor_206_206" id="FNanchor_206_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a> puts it a +little differently. He left to his dear daughter Barbara, wife of Sir +John Clopton, various bequests, among which appear "A yarde land in +Stratford field I bought of <i>Mr. Hall</i>, of the value of £12 10s. by year +... fyftly Land I bought of Sir John Clopton in the mannor of Clopton, +of the yearely value of £10. Sixtly 4 yard land lying in Stratford and +Bishopton fields which I bought of <i>Mr. Bagley</i>, and a house called the +New Place, situated in the Towne of Stratford upon Avon, of the yearely +value about fyfty fyve pounds ... my deare daughter and her husband Sir +John Clopton, sole executors, 30th June, 1676." He died early the +following year, and his will was proved March 10, 1676-77.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p> + +<p>Thus, the property Shakespeare had put together became dispersed shortly +after his family became extinct, and New Place came back to the heirs of +the Cloptons, from whom it was purchased. I had hoped we might find +something from the will of Edward Bagley, but he died intestate,<a name="FNanchor_207_207" id="FNanchor_207_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_207_207" class="fnanchor">[207]</a> +and the administration mentions nothing of interest to Shakespeare.</p> + +<p>It is therefore quite clear that the whole period covered by +Shakespeare's life and that of his descendants was 105 years, <i>i.e.</i>, +from 1564 to 1669, and that <i>no lineal descendants can survive</i>. Yet, as +if in illustration of the methods of fabrication of tradition, when it +is desired, I have heard of many of the name who boast a <i>lineal descent +from the poet</i>; and of one even who boasts of having inherited not only +<i>the Shakespeare's</i> dinner-service, but his <i>teapot</i>! Yet that the +presence of the name is a certain bar to the descent, as above shown, no +such claimants seem to have taken the trouble to find out, as they +easily might do. I am told that in Verona, by the tomb of Romeo and +Juliet, a modern visitor has described himself as "Shakespeare, +<i>descendant</i> of the poet who wrote the play." William Shakespeare's +poems alone are his posterity.</p> + +<p>Even under another name they are not to be accepted.<a name="FNanchor_208_208" id="FNanchor_208_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_208_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a> In the +<i>Cambridge Chronicle</i> obituary, January 1, 1842, appears: "Died on the +28th ult. at Exning, Suffolk, aged 87, Mrs. Hammond, mother of Mr. Wm. +Hammond, of No. 8, Scots Yard, Cannon Street, London, Indigo Merchant. +The deceased was one of the few remaining descendants of Shakespeare." +So lately as June, 1857, there was recorded the death of William +Hammond, Esq., of London, "one of the last lineal descendants of +Shakespeare."</p> + +<p>Dr. Bigsby says that Colonel Gardner, descendant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> of the Barnards, had +some Shakespeare letters, and claimed descent from Lady Elizabeth +Barnard.<a name="FNanchor_209_209" id="FNanchor_209_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_209_209" class="fnanchor">[209]</a></p> + +<p>A correspondent remembered to have seen when a boy the Shakespear Inn, +Lower Northgate Street, Gloucester, kept by an old gentleman named +Smith. Outside the passage to the inn was a signboard, "The Shakespear +Inn, by William Smith, descendant from and next of kin to that immortal +bard."<a name="FNanchor_210_210" id="FNanchor_210_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_210_210" class="fnanchor">[210]</a></p> +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/jshaketree.jpg" width="700" height="680" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_178_178" id="Footnote_178_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_178"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> Gwillim's "Display of Heraldry," p. 315.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_179_179" id="Footnote_179_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_179"><span class="label">[179]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, pp. 378, 420.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_180_180" id="Footnote_180_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_180"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> Hathaway is also a name in the Beverston Registers +(<i>Notes and Queries</i>, Fifth Series, xii., 101).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> French, "Shakespeareana Genealogicæ," p. 376.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> Will dated August 26, 1642, proved April 4, 1647. He also +left rings to his uncle Nash and his aunt, his cousin Sadler and his +wife, <i>his cousin</i> Richard Quiney and his wife <i>his cousin</i> Thomas +Quiney and his wife.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_183_183" id="Footnote_183_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_183"><span class="label">[183]</span></a> Stratford Burial Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> The inscription would imply that she was born in 1556; +but, as in her husband's case, it may be she was reckoned as sixty-seven +very shortly after completing her sixty-sixth year, or even before she +completed it, as was done in the case of Lady Joyce Lucy. We may note, +at least, that Shakespeare, fifty-three in 1616, is only seven years +younger than one reckoned sixty-seven in 1623.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_185_185" id="Footnote_185_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_185"><span class="label">[185]</span></a> Henry Waters, "Genealogical Gleanings."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_186_186" id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> See coats of arms of the burgesses, Guildhall MS. 491.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_187_187" id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> "Outlines," i. 219.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_188_188" id="Footnote_188_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_188"><span class="label">[188]</span></a> Acton Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_189_189" id="Footnote_189_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_189"><span class="label">[189]</span></a> See Worcester Wills and Marriage Licenses.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> See List of Noblemen and Gentlemen of Warwick, 1577, by +Henry Ferrers; Nichols's "Coll. Top. et Gen.," vii., p. 298, and State +Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., 137 (38).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., lxiii. 55.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_192_192" id="Footnote_192_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_192"><span class="label">[192]</span></a> The arms of these Halls were three talbots' heads erased +sable, between nine cross-crosslets azure. Shakespeare's son-in-law bore +the talbots' heads only, which may merely have been a mark of cadency. A +suit in Chancery in the time of Elizabeth was brought by Giles Fletcher, +LL.D., Joan his wife, and Phineas his eldest son, against John Hall (not +the physician) concerning the site of the manor of Henwick and the land +of Hallow. In the chapel is a mural monument to Edward Hall, Esq., who +married Anna, eldest daughter of Sir Paul Tracey, having by her four +sons and seven daughters. He died September, 1616, aged fifty-four. +Addit. MSS., Brit. Mus., 19,816.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_193_193" id="Footnote_193_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_193"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> It has been suggested by Mr. A. Hall that he might have +been son of the John Hall who married Elizabeth Carew, niece to Sir +Nicholas Throckmorton. He had a son of the name.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> Stratford Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_195_195" id="Footnote_195_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_195"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> Miscellaneous Documents and Corporation Records, +Stratford-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Fifth Series, vii. 287.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_197_197" id="Footnote_197_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_197"><span class="label">[197]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire Antiquities," ed. 1656, p. 518. +This may be translated thus: "Here is the dust of Hall, most famous in +medical art, awaiting the glorious joys of the Kingdom of God. Worthy +was he to have surpassed Nestor in well-earned years, in every land, but +impartial Time has snatched him away. Lest anything be wanting to the +tomb, his most faithful spouse is there, and he has the companion of +life now also in death."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_198_198" id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> Sir Hugh Clopton to Theobald.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_199_199" id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," ii. 108.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_200_200" id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> Easter Term, 23 Car. I.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_201_201" id="Footnote_201_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_201"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> Somerset House, 96, Alchin, also in Juxon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_202_202" id="Footnote_202_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_202"><span class="label">[202]</span></a> "Warwickshire Antiquities," ed. 1656, p. 518.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_203_203" id="Footnote_203_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_203_203"><span class="label">[203]</span></a> Abington Parish Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_204_204" id="Footnote_204_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_204"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> Somerset House, 96, Alchin, also in Juxon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_205_205" id="Footnote_205_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_205"><span class="label">[205]</span></a> Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," ii. 119.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_206_206" id="Footnote_206_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_206"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> Somerset House, 36 Hale.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_207_207" id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">[207]</span></a> Admin., October, 1686; Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_208_208" id="Footnote_208_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_208_208"><span class="label">[208]</span></a> <i>Morning Herald</i>—Obituary.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_209_209" id="Footnote_209_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_209_209"><span class="label">[209]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Fifth Series, VII. 287. But she had +no children, as proved both by the registers and the wills. She was Sir +John Barnard's second wife.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_210_210" id="Footnote_210_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_210_210"><span class="label">[210]</span></a><i>Ibid.</i>, 519. Smith really descended from the Harts.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER X</h2> + +<h3>COLLATERALS</h3> + + +<p>John Shakespeare had other sons than William. There were three—Gilbert, +Richard and Edmund. These all died comparatively young, and none of them +was married.</p> + +<p>Edmund, the youngest child of John and Mary Shakespeare, seems to have +been the only one who followed his eldest brother to London. He also +chose the stage as a profession, but we never hear of any success. From +London registers we know that on August 12, 1607, in the parish of St. +Giles', Cripplegate, was buried "Edward, the base-born son of Edward +Shakespeare, Player," and that on December 31 of the same year was +buried within the Church of St. Saviour's, Southwark,<a name="FNanchor_211_210" id="FNanchor_211_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_211_210" class="fnanchor">[211]</a> "Edmund +Shakespeare, Player," "with a forenoon knell of the Great Bell."<a name="FNanchor_212_211" id="FNanchor_212_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_212_211" class="fnanchor">[212]</a> +The poet paid every honour he could to his brother.</p> + +<p>Gilbert, born two and a half years after William, seemed often to have +been his practical helper and representative in Stratford-on-Avon. Some +writers have imagined that because the clerk added the word "adolescens" +to the burial entry in 1611 of "Gilbert Shakespeare,"<a name="FNanchor_213_212" id="FNanchor_213_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_213_212" class="fnanchor">[213]</a> that it could +not have been this Gilbert, but some other, probably a young son of his. +But there is no record of a marriage, of the birth of any<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> child, of the +death of his wife, or of his own death, if this entry be given another +translation than the natural one. We may well imagine the clerk did not +fully understand the meaning of the word. Shakespeare often satirizes +the ignorant use of learned terms at his time. There is no saying what +hazy notions might have floated through the writer's brain of the age or +position of the defunct. He would be no worse than a Mrs. Malaprop if he +intended "adolescens" to represent "deeply regretted."</p> + +<p>Of the last surviving brother, Richard, born 1573, we know nothing, +except that he died February 12, in the year 1612-13.<a name="FNanchor_214_213" id="FNanchor_214_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_214_213" class="fnanchor">[214]</a></p> + +<p>The negative evidence of the registers is supported by the negative +evidence of the Shakespeare wills; there is no mention of a Shakespeare +in the wills of William Shakespeare (so anxious to perpetuate his family +and his name) or in those of his descendants.</p> + +<p>We may therefore hold it as proved that there are no collateral lines of +Shakespeares descending from the poet's brothers, and therefore none +entitled to bear John Shakespeare's famous coat of arms without a new +grant. Yet we find some bearing the arms, and many claimants of such +descent. Sir Thomas Winnington asks if the Shaksperes of Fillongly are a +branch of the poet's family, as the well-known armorial bearings appear +on the tomb of George Shakespeare, who died there in 1690.<a name="FNanchor_215_214" id="FNanchor_215_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_215_214" class="fnanchor">[215]</a></p> + +<p>The Rev. Mr. Dyer wrote to Mr. Duncombe from Coningsby, November 24, +1756: "My wife's name was Ensor, whose grandmother was a Shakespeare, +descended from the brother of everybody's Shakespeare."<a name="FNanchor_216_215" id="FNanchor_216_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_216_215" class="fnanchor">[216]</a> Such claims +may be explained by a natural error.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span> Another John Shakespeare has often +been mistaken for ours, and real pedigrees have been traced back to him.</p> + +<p>But there <i>were</i> collateral descents from Shakespeare's sister. The only +person who might have impaled the new Shakespeare arms, had he himself +borne arms to make this possible, was William Hart, the hatter, who +married Shakespeare's sister Joan, and who lived in Shakespeare's old +house in Henley Street, and died a few days before the poet.<a name="FNanchor_217_216" id="FNanchor_217_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_217_216" class="fnanchor">[217]</a> The +pedigree of the Harts is printed in French's "Shakespeareana +Genealogica,"<a name="FNanchor_218_217" id="FNanchor_218_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_218_217" class="fnanchor">[218]</a> and need not be repeated here. The Rev. Cornelius +Hallen<a name="FNanchor_219_218" id="FNanchor_219_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_219_218" class="fnanchor">[219]</a> also gives a genealogical table of the various connections, +and thus provides us with the collateral descent nearly up to date.</p> + +<p>Though the early members of this family seem to have been content with a +very modest position and very unromantic occupations, the later members +have become more ambitious.</p> + +<p>The Harts thought of contesting the will of Lady Barnard, who, with her +mother, Mrs. Hall, had cut off the entail, or rather altered, as they +thought, the proviso of Shakespeare's will regarding his heirs. But, as +she left them the Henley Street house, and a contest for more would have +been attended with certain expense and uncertain results, they on full +consideration let the matter drop.</p> + +<p>Even from this family sprang claimants for lineal descent. On a +tombstone in Tewkesbury appears: "In Memory of John Hart, the sixth +descendant from the poet Shakespeare, who died January 22, 1800, aged +45," etc.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 599px;"> +<img src="images/imagep113.jpg" width="599" height="450" alt="SNITTERFIELD CHURCH." title="" /> +<span class="caption">SNITTERFIELD CHURCH.<br /> + +<i>To face p. 113.</i></span> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_211_210" id="Footnote_211_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_211_210"><span class="label">[211]</span></a> Registers of St. Saviour's, Southwark.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_212_211" id="Footnote_212_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_212_211"><span class="label">[212]</span></a> Churchwardens' Accounts, St. Saviour's, Southwark.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_213_212" id="Footnote_213_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_213_212"><span class="label">[213]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_214_213" id="Footnote_214_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_214_213"><span class="label">[214]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_215_214" id="Footnote_215_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_215_214"><span class="label">[215]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i> December, 1865, Third Series, viii. +501.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_216_215" id="Footnote_216_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_216_215"><span class="label">[216]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, Sixth Series, xii. 424.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_217_216" id="Footnote_217_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_217_216"><span class="label">[217]</span></a> April 17, 1616.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_218_217" id="Footnote_218_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_218_217"><span class="label">[218]</span></a> P. 296.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_219_218" id="Footnote_219_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_219_218"><span class="label">[219]</span></a> See "Descent of Hallen and Shakespeare."</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XI</h2> + +<h3>COUSINS AND CONNECTIONS</h3> + + +<p>It is certain that Shakespeare had many cousins on the Arden side. A +notice of the Stringers, the Lamberts, the Edkins, and the Webbes has +been already given. The Hart family, as has also been noticed, provided +a large number of relatives not of the name.</p> + +<p>On the Shakespeare side the poet <i>may</i> have had cousins, though we are +not able to prove their descent from records at present in hand. More +than one family claim to have descended from cousins, and presumably +from Shakespeare's grandfather Richard. But we must not forget there +were other Richards at his time. The Richard of Wroxall, Mr. Yeatman +insists, must be the same as the Richard of Snitterfield, though it +seems hardly possible, seeing we find the one officially associated with +the Priory of Wroxall 26 Henry VIII., 1535,<a name="FNanchor_220_219" id="FNanchor_220_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_220_219" class="fnanchor">[220]</a> and the other presented +for non-suit of court at Snitterfield 20 and 22 Henry VIII.; for +infringing the rights of pasture there, October 1, 1535; and receiving a +legacy from a friend that suggested continued residence: "Unto Richard +Shakespere of Snytfield my foure oxen which are now in his keeping" +(will of Thomas Atwode, <i>alias</i> Tailor, of Stratford-on-Avon, 1543). +Three successive Richards<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> lived in Rowington. One, "Richard +Shakysspere, of Rowington, Weyver," died in 1560, and mentioned his sons +William and Richard in his will drawn up the year before, on June 15, +and proved on June 30 (goods prised by John Shakspere and Richard +Sanders). Another Richard of the same place made a will in 1591 and died +in 1592, whose children were John, Roger, Thomas, William, and Dorothy +Jenkes; his wife's name was Joan. There was also a grandson, Thomas, son +of John.<a name="FNanchor_221_220" id="FNanchor_221_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_221_220" class="fnanchor">[221]</a> Another Richard died in 1614,<a name="FNanchor_222_221" id="FNanchor_222_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_222_221" class="fnanchor">[222]</a> whose eldest son was +William. But each of these Richards, from his family and connections, +can be proved to be a different man from the Richard of Snitterfield. We +are reasonably sure that our John was the son of the latter, if he +administered his goods after his death in 1560-61<a name="FNanchor_223_222" id="FNanchor_223_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_223_222" class="fnanchor">[223]</a>; and if so, we +are sure that Henry also was his son, as Henry was the brother of John. +This is mentioned in the Declaration of 1587,<a name="FNanchor_224_223" id="FNanchor_224_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_224_223" class="fnanchor">[224]</a> when Nicholas Lane +proceeded against John as surety for his impecunious brother Henry. +Henry was also summoned with John to appear as witness in the Mayowe and +Webbe case, 23 Elizabeth. He had a wife called Margaret, whose death +immediately follows his own in the Register of Snitterfield;<a name="FNanchor_225_224" id="FNanchor_225_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_225_224" class="fnanchor">[225]</a> but we +are not sure that he had any children. "Henry Sakspere was buryed the +29th day of Dec., 1596." "Margaret Sakspere, widow, being tymes the wyff +of Henry Sakspere, was bured ix Feb., 1596." It is quite probable that +when Robert Webbe married and settled in Snitterfield, or Edward +Cornwall came into power there, that Henry moved thence.<a name="FNanchor_226_225" id="FNanchor_226_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_226_225" class="fnanchor">[226]</a> Just about +the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> time we find in the Registers of Hampton-on-Avon or Bishop Hampton, +"Lettyce, daughter of Henry Shakespeare of Ingon,<a name="FNanchor_227_226" id="FNanchor_227_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_227_226" class="fnanchor">[227]</a> bapt. June 4th, +1583." "Jeames, son of Henry Shakespeare, bapt. Oct. 15th, 1585." Yet he +appears as one of "the pledges" at the baptism of Henry Townsend, of +Snitterfield, September 4, 1586. "Jeames Shakespeare, of Ingon, buried +Oct. 25th, 1589,"<a name="FNanchor_228_227" id="FNanchor_228_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_228_227" class="fnanchor">[228]</a> is also mentioned by Malone. This is the correct +reading of the "Joannes" mentioned by Halliwell-Phillipps as being +buried in the same place so near the same date as September 25, 1589.</p> + +<p>A William Shakespeare appears once in Snitterfield as prising the goods +of John Pardu in 1569; but we do not know his age and residence, and +there is no clue to any relationship with him.</p> + +<p>A William prised the goods of Robert Shakespeare of Wroxall, 1565, and +the goods of John Shaxper of Rowington, 1574.</p> + +<p>An Anthony occurs among the billmen of Snitterfield in the muster book +of 1569. John Shakespeare of Rowington, who held land at Wroxall 22 +Henry VIII., had a son Antonio, rather an unusual name. Tradition says +the poet had an uncle or grand-uncle, Antonio. But we must beware of +using tradition as a staff to lean upon. No Anthony appears in any +family papers. An Antony Shaxspeare married Joane Whitrefe at Budbrook +(in which parish is Hampton Corley), November 14, 1573; and in the +Register we find: "Henrie Shackspere sonne of Shackspere and Joane his +wife, baptized 24th March, 1575." "Elizabeth, daughter to Antony +Shaksper of Hamton, baptized Feb. 10th, 1583," in the Stratford +Registers; and "Henry, son of Antonio Shakespeare, buried June 18th, +1583," in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> Clifford Chambers. This wandering makes his life rather +confusing to us.</p> + +<p>Thomas Shakespeare <i>might</i> have been an uncle. Thomas was presented as a +regrator or forestaller of barley and wheat at Snitterfield Court, held +April, 1575. A Thomas, probably the same, appears in Stratford Records +between 23 and 28 Elizabeth. He was sued for the price of malted barley +in 23 Elizabeth. He had a son named John, baptized at Snitterfield March +10, 1581-2. Of this child we know nothing further, but I make a +suggestion in a later chapter that may interest readers.</p> + +<p>There was a Johanna Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_229_228" id="FNanchor_229_228"></a><a href="#Footnote_229_228" class="fnanchor">[229]</a> whose burial record in +Snitterfield, in 1595, makes no allusion to any male relative. She might +have been an aunt, a great-aunt, or even a grandmother of the poet, and +the widow of Richard. Similar entries of wives and widows have been +found in the neighbourhood. Joan was an important name in John +Shakespeare's eyes, and he gave the name to two of his daughters.</p> + +<p>Richard had probably a daughter who became Mrs. Green. A "Thomas Green, +<i>alias</i> Shakespeare," was buried in Stratford-on-Avon, March 6, 1590. He +was probably the father of Thomas Green, solicitor, in whose "Diary and +Correspondence" we find allusions to his cousin Shakespeare: "My cosen +Shakspeare has commyng yesterday to towne; I went to see him how he +did."<a name="FNanchor_230_229" id="FNanchor_230_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_230_229" class="fnanchor">[230]</a> Jovis, Nov. 17.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p> + +<p>It was he who conducted the Addenbrooke prosecution (1608), at which +time, we know not for what reason, he appears to have been living in +Shakespeare's home, New Place, in Stratford-on-Avon.</p> + +<p>There might have been an indefinite number of cousins by marriage among +the Hathaways. I only mention this now in relation to one strange +example of the desire of association somehow with Shakespeare. In the +catalogue of the Shakespeare Library of Warwick Castle is the title of a +book written by a Hathaway clergyman of Tewkesbury, said to be "a +descendant of Anne Hathaway," ignoring the fact that <i>Anne Hathaway</i> was +<i>Mrs. Shakespeare</i>. Yet he might after all have been a cousin twice +removed.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_220_219" id="Footnote_220_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_220_219"><span class="label">[220]</span></a> See "Valor Ecclesiasticus," Warwickshire, at Dissolution, +Henry VIII.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_221_220" id="Footnote_221_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_221_220"><span class="label">[221]</span></a> Worcester wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_222_221" id="Footnote_222_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_222_221"><span class="label">[222]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_223_222" id="Footnote_223_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_223_222"><span class="label">[223]</span></a> Admin. Bond at Worcester.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_224_223" id="Footnote_224_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_224_223"><span class="label">[224]</span></a> "Henricus Shaksper, frater dicti Johannis," February 1, +29 Elizabeth, 1587.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_225_224" id="Footnote_225_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_225_224"><span class="label">[225]</span></a> Snitterfield Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_226_225" id="Footnote_226_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_226_225"><span class="label">[226]</span></a> Henry had a fight with Edward Cornwall, and drew blood, +October 12, 1574. See Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines," vol. ii., p. +209.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_227_226" id="Footnote_227_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_227_226"><span class="label">[227]</span></a> Ingon is in the parish of Hampton-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_228_227" id="Footnote_228_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_228_227"><span class="label">[228]</span></a> Malone's "Life," vol. ii., p. 23, ed. 1821.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_229_228" id="Footnote_229_228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_229_228"><span class="label">[229]</span></a> "Johana Shaxspere mortua est et sepulta January quinto, +anno 1595." No record has been found of the death of Richard's wife, if +this be not she.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_230_229" id="Footnote_230_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_230_229"><span class="label">[230]</span></a> Green's "Diary," Nov. 17, 1614, Stratford-on-Avon +Records. See also Ingleby's "Shakespeare and the Enclosure of Welcombe." +Thomas Green was a Councillor of Middle Temple and a solicitor. (See +Quyney's Town Accounts, January and February, 1600-1.) He was appointed +Steward of the Court of Record, Stratford-on-Avon, on September 7, 1603. +There was no Town Clerk then, and the Steward did the duties until the +Charter granted to the town by James I., July 8, 1610, created the +office of Town Clerk. He held part of the remainder of the tithes, the +half of which were held by Shakespeare.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XII</h2> + +<h3>CONTEMPORARY WARWICKSHIRE SHAKESPEARES</h3> + + +<p>Outside the immediate family of the poet there were many contemporaries +in Warwickshire, who may have been connected in some far-off degree.</p> + +<p>There was the John Shakespeare, shoemaker, who came to Stratford about +1580, probably as apprentice or journeyman of Roberts, the shoemaker, in +whose house he dwelt till 1594, and whose daughter Margery he +married.<a name="FNanchor_231_230" id="FNanchor_231_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_231_230" class="fnanchor">[231]</a> He became Member of the Company of Shoemakers and +Saddlers, paying £3, in 1580, and Master of the Shoemakers' Company, and +was elected Ale-taster for the town in 1585. He paid 30s. for his +freedom January 19, 1585-86, and became Constable in the autumn of 1586. +His wife was buried on October 29, 1587, but he must shortly afterwards +have married again, as he had three children christened<a name="FNanchor_232_231" id="FNanchor_232_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_232_231" class="fnanchor">[232]</a> in the +parish church. On February 17, 1587, he was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> in receipt of Thomas Oken's +money, and in 1588 became guardian to Thomas Roberts's sons. The poet's +father, after 1570, was always mentioned as Mr. John Shakespeare; this +other appears simply as John, or John the Shoemaker, or Corvizer, or +some other epithet (see Records of Stratford-on-Avon). Hunter thinks +that he was the third son of Thomas Shakespeare, a shoemaker, of +Warwick, who held land under the manor of Balsall, and mentioned in his +will, 1557, four children—William, Thomas, John and Joan, ux. Francis +Ley, mentioned in Warwick registers.</p> + +<p>This John of Stratford seems to have left the town before 1595, as his +house was inhabited by others then, and no further mention appears of +him in record or register.</p> + +<p>Beside John Shakespeare's <i>double</i> of Stratford-on-Avon, there was a +John Shakespeare of Clifford Chambers, a village a mile or two out of +Stratford, who has also been confused with him. He married there, on +October 15, 1560, Julian Hobbyns, widow. He sued William Smith, of +Stratford, for debt, in 1572; and in the will of John Ashwell, of +Stratford, 1583, it is stated that "John Shakespeare, of Clifford +Chambers, was in his debt." It is quite probable he was the John often +in debt, who had "no goods to seize," in Stratford-on-Avon, generally +supposed to be the poet's father.</p> + +<p>Other notices of the name, besides the Henry and Antonio +above-mentioned, appear in the Clifford Registers. Charles Malary and +Alice Shakespeare were married in 1579. Katharine Morris, servant to +John Shakespeare, was buried in 1587; Julian Shakespere buried July 22, +1608; John Shakespere buried October 20, 1610. His will was proved at +Gloucester in 1611. These latter dates set the question of identity at +rest.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p> + +<p>An agricultural John was in occupation of Ingon in 1570.<a name="FNanchor_233_232" id="FNanchor_233_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_233_232" class="fnanchor">[233]</a> I believe +him to be our John, the brother and surety of Henry. We must not forget +that as Ingon was so near Snitterfield, John of Ingon <i>may</i> be the John +Shakespeare, <i>Agricola</i>, of Snitterfield, who administered Richard's +goods, and was fined, October 1, 1561, at the Snitterfield Court. And +there are many Johns of Rowington, fully entered in Mr. Rylands' +"Records of Rowington."</p> + +<p>Just as his father had <i>doubles</i>, so had William. There was a William +Shakespeare drowned in the Avon, and buried at St. Nicholas, Warwick, +July 6, 1579.<a name="FNanchor_234_233" id="FNanchor_234_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_234_233" class="fnanchor">[234]</a> The world would not have known what it had lost had +this fate overtaken "our Will," but it makes us shiver now as we think +of it, even as a past possibility. It has been thought that this youth +was the son of Thomas Shakespeare, shoemaker, of Warwick, and brother of +John the shoemaker of Stratford. But he seems rather young for that +relationship.</p> + +<p>Another contemporary William seems to have been in a small way of +business as a farmers' agent, sometimes as a lender, and sometimes as a +borrower. Among the Shakespeare manuscripts at Warwick Castle are +preserved bonds for 2s. 6d. for a quarter of a year's use of £5 by +William Shakespeare in 1620, 1624, and 1626. Another of "three quarters +of oats to Will Shakespeare for a quarter's use of £5 due upon the 10th +of May last, 1621," and some for the sale of malt.<a name="FNanchor_235_234" id="FNanchor_235_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_235_234" class="fnanchor">[235]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p> + +<p>It has seemed to me much more than probable that this was the William +who sued Philip Rogers in the Court of Record at Stratford-on-Avon,<a name="FNanchor_236_235" id="FNanchor_236_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_236_235" class="fnanchor">[236]</a> +in 1604 for the price of a strike of malt sold and other money due. "The +declaration filed by William Shexspere" in the Court has been accepted +by Halliwell-Phillipps and all the Baconians as concerning the poet. +But, in the first place, any such declaration at that date would then +have designated our Shakespeare "gent."; in the second, he would have +employed his cousin, Thomas Greene, as his attorney, and not William +Tetherton, and Thomas Greene would have spelt his name otherwise than it +is written. In the third place, there is no corroborative testimony that +the poet ever sold malt, and there is concerning this contemporary +William.</p> + +<p>The early registers of Rowington are lost, but we have shown from the +wills that there were Shakespeares there bearing this Christian name. +The Richard of Rowington who died in 1561 mentions a son William in his +will. The second Richard of that place had a son William mentioned in +the will of 1591. The third Richard and his wife Elizabeth had four +sons—William, Richard, Thomas, John, and a daughter Joan. William had +worked as a labourer without wages on his father's property, with +expectation of succeeding to it. But some years before his father's +death he went, with his father's permission, out to service, and married +a certain Mrs. Margery. His father was incensed against him, and left +the little property to his youngest son, John, November 13, 1613, proved +in 1614.<a name="FNanchor_237_236" id="FNanchor_237_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_237_236" class="fnanchor">[237]</a> Legal proceedings were com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>menced in 1614 at Worcester by +William about the property of his mother, Elizabeth. A Chancery suit +between the brothers was instituted in the Star Chamber,<a name="FNanchor_238_237" id="FNanchor_238_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_238_237" class="fnanchor">[238]</a> and the +case was heard at Warwick, in 1616, before four Commissioners, one of +whom was Francis Collins, gent., the overseer of the will of the poet. +William the plaintiff was then about forty years old. This is probably +the same man who felt injured by his family while supported by his +wife's money in his lawsuits. The mark of a William Shakespeare is found +on a roll of the Customs of the Manor of Rowington, confirmed by the +jury in 1614. Was he the same? And if not, which of these was the +William Shakespeare whose name appears in the list of the trained +soldiers of Rowington,<a name="FNanchor_239_238" id="FNanchor_239_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_238" class="fnanchor">[239]</a> taken before Sir Fulke Greville at Alcester, +September 23, 1605, erroneously by some believed to be the poet?<a name="FNanchor_240_239" id="FNanchor_240_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_240_239" class="fnanchor">[240]</a></p> + +<p>There is preserved a petition of William Shaxsper, Richard Shuter, and +others of Rowington, co. Warwick, to the Committee for the Safety of +Coventry and Warwick. About St. Andrew's Day they had some sea-coal +which lay at Barford, near Warwick, which they had sold to Lady Lucy, +but the soldiers of the city finding fuel scarce, had burnt £5 10s. +worth of it. They pray satisfaction for their coals. Underwritten by Mr. +Basnet is an order to pay this sum, April, 1646.<a name="FNanchor_241_240" id="FNanchor_241_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_241_240" class="fnanchor">[241]</a></p> + +<p>A William Shakespeare, of Hatton, married Barbara Stiffe in 1589; styled +"gent." at baptism of his daughter <i>Susannah</i>, 1596. John Weale granted +to Job Throgmorton the cottage in which William Shakespeare dwelt at +Haseley, March 4, 1597.<a name="FNanchor_242_241" id="FNanchor_242_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_242_241" class="fnanchor">[242]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p> + +<p>In the Star Chamber proceedings is the notice of a fine levied "inter +Willielmum Shackespeare et Georgium Shackespeare, quer. et Thomam +Spencer, arm. Christopherum Flecknoe et Thomam Thompson deforc. de octo +acris pasturæ cum pertinentiis in Claverdon, alias Claredon, 12 Jac. I. +(1615)."<a name="FNanchor_243_242" id="FNanchor_243_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_242" class="fnanchor">[243]</a></p> + +<p>I have collected these illustrations in order to show that the name +William was not by any means rare in the Shakespeare family, and to +account for some of the errors made concerning descents.</p> + +<p>In 1589, also in the Star Chamber proceedings, we find there is a case +brought by "Mary Ruswell against John Vale and Katharine his wife, and +Aylese Shackspire." This Alice Shakespeare was John Vale's mother-in-law +and a widow. Is it not possible she might be the sister "Alice +Shakespeare" referred to in the Griffin will?</p> + +<p>In most of the Warwickshire districts where the name is found in the +earlier half of the sixteenth century it is found in the latter half, +and also in the seventeenth century, though sometimes branches migrated +to new neighbouring localities. It would be impossible to work out every +family in detail in a work such as this.</p> + +<p>And yet some notices are necessary to complete the rapid survey. The +Shakespeares appear in two groups, one north and east of +Stratford-on-Avon, as at Ingon and Snitterfield. One family had settled +at Tachbrook, nine miles north-east by east from Stratford. There was +baptized "Roger, son of Robert Shakespeare, 21 April, 1557." Robert was +a weaver, and was probably son of Richard Shakespeare, of Haseley, +weaver, in the reign of Henry VIII. He had also a son John, born 1574; a +daughter, Alice, buried 1559; another, Isabel, baptized 1560.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p> + +<p>Roger married Isabel Parkins in 1592, and Alice Higgins in 1595, and +seems to have had a son, John, not in the register. But on April 22, +1628, Elizabeth Shakespeare, the daughter of John and Christian his +wife, was baptized, and on April 4, 1630, Judith Shakespeare, the +daughter of John and Christian Shakespeare. Later generations of the +families of Roger, John, and Walter are recorded there.<a name="FNanchor_244_243" id="FNanchor_244_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_244_243" class="fnanchor">[244]</a></p> + +<p>A few Shakespeares have been found in Alcester. But the older centre lay +further north. By far the greatest number of names are found in the +villages to the west of a line drawn between Coventry and Warwick, +including Meriden, Hampton-in-Arden, Berkswell, Knowle, Balsall, +Kenilworth, Packwood, Lapworth, Baddesley Clinton, Wroxall, Haseley, +Hatton, Rowington, and Budbrooke.</p> + +<p>The early parish registers of Wroxall are lost, and only begin with +1586.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On Dec. 9, 1588, Fraunces Shaxper ... was buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May 29, 1592, Nicholas Shaxper and Alice Edmunds m.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">March 25, 1593, Peter, fil. Nicolas and Alice Shaxper, bap.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nov. 17, 1594, Susannah, daugh. of Nicolas and Alice Shaxper, bap.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sep. 17, 1595, Elizabeth, ux. William Shaxper, buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sep. 10, 1596, Cornelius, fil. Nic. and Alice Shaxper, bap.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Feb. 3, 1599, Annah, dau. of Nic. and Alice Shaxper, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">April 9th, 1600, Annah, dau. of Nic. and Alice Shaxper, buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">June 15th, 1603, Hester, dau. of Nic. and Alice Shaxper, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">(No Registers from 1604 to 1641.)</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">1641, Peter Shakspeare buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May 17th, 1642, William Smith and Catherine Shakspere, m.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sept. 25, 1645, Nicolas Shakspere buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May 16th, 1665, Ralf Stokes and Margaret Shakspeare m.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jan. 26, 1670, Robert Shakespeare and Ann Averne m.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oct. 4, 1678, Jane, dau. of Robert Shakespeare the elder, buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">March 29, 1681, Robert, fil. Richard Shakespeare and his wife, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May 30, 1714, Ann, ux. Robert Shakespeare, buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">May 13, 1719, Robert Shakespeare buried.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>From the Hatton and Haseley Registers, which recorded the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span> death of +Roger Shakespeere, 1558, and of Domina Jane, 1571, we also find:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Isabel, uxor Thomas Shakspere, formerly wife of John Tybotes, buried April 4, 1570.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nov. 5, 1570, Katharine Shakespere, filia Nicolas Shakespere, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jan. 6th, 1579, Elizabeth, dau. of Nicolas Shakespere, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jan. 6th, 1589, William Shakespere and Barbara Stiffe, married.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">March 25, 1593, Peter, son of Nicolas and Alice Shakespeare, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sept. 8, 1593, Thomas, son of Nicholas and Elizabeth Shakspere, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">March 14, 1596, Susannah, dau. of Wm. Shakspere, gentleman, and Barbara, bapt. (March 6th, 1597. This child was buried.)</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">July 23rd, 1598, Katherine, dau. of Wm. and Barbara Shakspere, baptised.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sep. 21, 1606, Thomas Shaxper buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dec. 26, 1607, Nicholas Shaksper of Busall buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jan. 26, 1607, Elizabeth Shaksper of Busall buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Aug. 28, 1608, Marie, daughter of Thomas Shaxsper, bapt.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Feb.—, 1610, Barbara, wife of Mr. William Shakspere, buried.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jan. 20, 1612, John Hastings and Susanna Shaxper, married.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The parish registers of Haseley and of Hatton are mixed.</p> + +<p>There are many Shakespeare wills preserved in Lichfield. Christopher +Shakespere of Packwood, August 31, 1551, proved August 15, 1558, +mentions a wife Isabel, and sons, Richard, William, Roger, Christopher, +and John, and daughters Alice and Agnes; Elizabeth Shakspere of St. +Werbergs, Derby, 1558; Roger Shakspere of Tachbrook, August 2, 1605; +wife Alice and son John; William Shakespeare of Coventry, shoemaker, +March 18, 1605-6; Administration of John Shakespeare's goods, 1606; +Thomas Shakespeare of Packington Parva, April 28, 1610, had a wife, +Phillip, and sons, George (who was to have Coleshill lands), Thomas, +Andrew, and a daughter, Alice Croft; Anne Shakespeare of Knowle's will, +1743.</p> + +<p>There has been a group entered in the Calendar in relation to the +Shakespeare and Ensor connection (Nichols's "Herald and Genealogist," +vol. ii., p. 297):</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thomas Shakespeare of Coventry, admin. 1693.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">George Shakespeare of Fillongley, will 1700.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sara Shakespeare of Pen, admin. 1712.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thomas Shakespeare of Arley, " 1720.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">William Shakespear of Coventry, " 1724.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">William Shakespear of Arley, " 1729.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">George Shakespear of Coleshill, " 1734.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Anne Shakespeare of Coventry, " 1751.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">George Shakespeare of Fillongley, " 1754.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mary Shakespeare of Aston, " 1768.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p>There was an administration granted to Elizabeth Shakespeare, widow, of +the estate of Roger Shake<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>speare, of Chesset Wood, in the parish of +Hampton-in-Arden, April 15, 1597.</p> + +<p>John Shakespeare, of Knowle, Warwickshire, left to his eldest son, +Henry, £5, and to each of his children £5—John, Elizabeth, Henry, +Thomas; to his granddaughter, daughter of John, £5; his property he left +to his youngest son, John, 33 Charles II., September 30, 1681.<a name="FNanchor_245_244" id="FNanchor_245_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_245_244" class="fnanchor">[245]</a> A +William Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_246_245" id="FNanchor_246_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_246_245" class="fnanchor">[246]</a> of Knowle, is mentioned in 12 George II., as +"tenant to the precipe."</p> + +<p>The will of Robert Shakespeare, of Wroxall, March 19, 1565, shows that +he had a son Nicolas, that another Nicolas owed him money, and that his +goods were prised by a William Shakespeare. John Shaksper, of Wroxall, +labourer, leaves his goods between his son Edward and his wife; mentions +his sister Alice, his brother Woodam's children, his cousin, Laurence +Shaxper, of Balsal, or Beausal, his brothers, William and Nicolas, and +his daughter, Alice Windmiles, December 15, 1574.</p> + +<p>William Shakespeare, of Wroxall, husbandman, in his will, dated November +17, 1609, left legacies to brothers and sisters not named.</p> + +<p>John Shakespere of Budbrooke, left his best suit to Nicolas Shakespeare; +to his father-in-law, Thomas Burbidge, his best boots; to Mary +Shakespeare, two shillings; to Isabel Poole, late servant to Nicolas +Shakespeare, ten shillings. Anne Burbage, now the wife of William +Shotteswell, sole executrix, December 28, 1642.<a name="FNanchor_247_246" id="FNanchor_247_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_247_246" class="fnanchor">[247]</a> He was buried +December 30, 1642.<a name="FNanchor_248_247" id="FNanchor_248_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_248_247" class="fnanchor">[248]</a></p> + +<p>Nicolas Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_249_248" id="FNanchor_249_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_249_248" class="fnanchor">[249]</a> of Budbrooke,<a name="FNanchor_250_249" id="FNanchor_250_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_250_249" class="fnanchor">[250]</a> being aged and weak, leaves +£4 to the poor; £10 to his mother-in-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span>law, Penelope Parkes; £40 to his +brother-in-law, Richard Parkes; £10 to his cousin, Richard Naso; £10 to +William Sattlewell, of Packwood. Residue to his dear wife Marie, sole +executrix, October 23, 1655.</p> + +<p>John Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_251_250" id="FNanchor_251_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_251_250" class="fnanchor">[251]</a> yeoman, of Lapworth, made his will October 30, +1637; proved by his wife Dorothy 1638. He had no children, and his +nephew, John Twycross, came in for most of his possessions. He left his +brother Christopher sixpence a week. Christopher's son John, and his two +grandsons, John and Thomas, had each twenty shillings. There was another +brother not named, whose three sons, Edward, William and Thomas, and +three daughters were to have £3 6s. 8d. each. Edward's two sons had also +legacies. The testator also mentions his sister, Catharine Shotteswell, +Catharine, Elizabeth, Winifred, Humphrey, Thomas, and John Shakespeare. +Overseers, John Fetherston, of Packwood, Esq., and John Shaxpere, of +Ringwood. Dorothy Shakespeare left no will. Letters of administration +were granted to her nephew, Antony Robbins, July 13, 1655.<a name="FNanchor_252_251" id="FNanchor_252_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_252_251" class="fnanchor">[252]</a> In the +table of benefactions in Lapworth Church (near Knowle) it is recorded +that John Shakespeare and John Twycross gave each two shillings a year +to the poor of Lapworth and Packwood. "Humphrey Shakespeare gave twenty +shillings to the poor of this parish, and the like to the poor of +Rowington, 1794."</p> + +<p>Thomas Shakespeare, of Lapworth, fuller, February 21, 1655, desires to +be buried in Rowington. He leaves to his kinsman, Richard Shakespeare, +of Kenilworth, his implements and £5; to his kinsman, Thomas +Shakespeare, of Lapworth, £5; to his kinsman and godson, Thomas +Shakespeare, of Rowington, £5; to his kinsman, Richard Shakespeare, £6 +13s. 4d.;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> to his kinswoman, Mary Shakespeare, £5; to his kinsman, John +Shakespeare, £5; to his brother William's son's daughter Elizabeth, +sixpence, if demanded; to the poor of Rowington, forty shillings. The +executrix was his kinswoman, Elizabeth Shakespeare, and the overseers, +Thomas Sly, of Lapworth, and his kinsman, Thomas Shakespeare, of +Whittlygate in Rowington; proved May 18, 1658.<a name="FNanchor_253_252" id="FNanchor_253_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_253_252" class="fnanchor">[253]</a></p> + +<p>It may be seen that Rowington was the central source of most of these +Shakespeares. Besides those already mentioned, we may note that there +was a case of John Shakesper <i>versus</i> William Skinner, farmer, of the +Church of Rowington; an answer of William Skinner to the Bill of +Complaint; a document relating to Thomas Shakespeare, of Rowington, +1571, marked "Skinner"; and another concerning John Shakespeare. John +Shaxper of Rowington's will was drawn up in 1574.<a name="FNanchor_254_253" id="FNanchor_254_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_254_253" class="fnanchor">[254]</a> He left his +property called Madywattons, at Shrawley, to his son George, with +remainder to his daughter Annis, and £20 to his son Thomas. He left +legacies to his brothers Nicolas and Thomas and his Aunt Ley, the +midwife. His wife's name was Eleanor. His goods were prised at £8 6s. +8d. by Thomas and William Shaxper, among others. The will of Richard +Shakespere, of Rowington, November 13, 1613, which caused so much +heartburning, showed that his son William had a son John, and that his +son Richard had four sons (Thomas, William, Richard and John). Thomas +and John's children are not mentioned. Another will<a name="FNanchor_255_254" id="FNanchor_255_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_255_254" class="fnanchor">[255]</a> in the same +year of Thomas Shakespeare, of Mowsly and Rowington, October 13, 1613, +mentions sons—John, Thomas and Richard; and daughters—Eleanor, Joan +and Annis. John had two sons—William and John. John Shakespeare de le +Hill, Rowington,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> made his will January 20, 1652; his wife was Mary; his +children, William, John, and Margaret Vernon.</p> + +<p>The Shakespeares from the Register of Rowington, printed by Mr. Rylands, +are given in the notes.</p> + +<p>In 1593 Thomas Shakespeare and Florence, his wife, with her sister, +Alice Grace, sued Thomas Grace<a name="FNanchor_256_255" id="FNanchor_256_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_256_255" class="fnanchor">[256]</a> and John Harding for certain lands +not specified, settled by their father on them. Thomas Shackspeare, of +Rowington, was assessed for the subsidy of 1597.<a name="FNanchor_257_256" id="FNanchor_257_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_257_256" class="fnanchor">[257]</a> Thomas Shaxper, +senior, of the same place, in 7 Jac. I., 1610. A survey of Crown lands +in Warwickshire, 4 Jac. I., 1607, in the Land Revenue Office shows +Thomas, George, Richard and John as holding property there. A Thomas +Shakespeare was presented in 1632.<a name="FNanchor_258_257" id="FNanchor_258_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_258_257" class="fnanchor">[258]</a></p> + +<p>Thomas Shakespeare, of Rowington, <i>temp.</i> John Pickering, Lord Keeper, +and Maria, his wife, daughter and heir of William Mathews, deceased, +filed a bill in Chancery concerning various tenements in Hatton, +Shrawley, Rowington, Pinley and Clendon.<a name="FNanchor_259_258" id="FNanchor_259_258"></a><a href="#Footnote_259_258" class="fnanchor">[259]</a> Hil., 16 Elizabeth, Hugo +Walford, Quer., and Thomas Shakspere and Marie, his wife, defendants, +concerning cottage and 5 acres of land in Norton Curlew. Easter, 20 +James I., Thomas Shakespere, Quer., and John Hall and Joyce, his wife, +defendants, of 12 acres of land in Rowington, which were sold to the +said Thomas Shakespeare, 41 Elizabeth.<a name="FNanchor_260_259" id="FNanchor_260_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_260_259" class="fnanchor">[260]</a> There was a license granted +to a Thomas Shakespeare, aged twenty-three, to pass beyond the sea, June +13, 1632, to the Low Countries, to serve as a soldier.<a name="FNanchor_261_260" id="FNanchor_261_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_261_260" class="fnanchor">[261]</a> At a court +of the Queen's Majesty, Henrietta Maria, Thomas Shake<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>spere paid a fine +of 6s. 8d. for admission to lands surrendered by himself, to himself and +others, 1647.</p> + +<p>Among the manuscripts of the Free Library at Birmingham there remains a +fine, 7 Charles I., between Adrian Shakspere, Quer., and Thomas Green +and Anna, his wife, about land in old Fillongley; a bond for £40 of +Adrian Shakespere, of Meriden, yeoman; and another fine, Easter, 26 +Charles II., between Thomas Brearley, gent., and Thomas Shakspeare, +gent.</p> + +<p>There were Shakespeares also still at Baddesley Clinton. In the Diary of +Henry Ferrers of that place, we find him speak of "napkins received from +Henry Shakespeare, Nov. 4th, 1620"; of "Peeter Shakespeare, Nov. 5." "I +ow Shakespeare none, Nov. 6th." "Henry Shakespeare sent his boy for a +mark for his napkin. Nov. 12th, 1628-9." "Shakespeare of Kingswood, Feb. +4th." "Shakespeare of Rowth(?), Feb. 18." "John Shakespeare came hither +about his court."<a name="FNanchor_262_261" id="FNanchor_262_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_262_261" class="fnanchor">[262]</a> This is the Henry Ferrers who wrote the Catalogue +of all the Noblemen and Gentlemen resident in Warwick in 1577-78.<a name="FNanchor_263_262" id="FNanchor_263_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_263_262" class="fnanchor">[263]</a></p> + +<p>There is a tombstone on the walls of Rowington Church:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"In memory of John Shakespeare, of Baddesley Clinton, and Mary his +wife, who died, he, August 26, 1722, 61; she, September 3, 1722, +56.</p> + +<p>"They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their deaths +they were not divided."</p></div> + +<p>There seems to have been a large number of Shakespeares in the town of +Warwick.</p> + +<p>A John Shakespeare was assessed 1d. a week for relief of the poor, 1582, +in Market Place Ward, and a Thomas Shakespeare at the same time in West +Street Ward.<a name="FNanchor_264_263" id="FNanchor_264_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_264_263" class="fnanchor">[264]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span></p> + +<p>In the inquisitions post-mortem of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick, 32 +Elizabeth, a Thomas Shackspere was one of the witnesses.</p> + +<p>A Thomas Shakespeare had a grant from Mr. Henry Ferrers of two +messuages, one orchard, four gardens, and four acres of pasture in +Warwick for £80, Michaelmas, 39 Elizabeth, 1597.</p> + +<p>There was a Thomas Shakespeare—probably the same—who married on June +21, 1598, Elizabeth Letherbarrow, daughter of the Mayor of Coventry. He +became Bailiff of Warwick November 1, 10 Jac. I., 1613. The only notice +of the name in the "Visitation of Warwickshire" in 1619 is that of +"Thomas Shakespeere, gent., one of the principal Aldermen of Warwick."</p> + +<p>It is not clear whether or not he was the son of Thomas Shakespeare, the +shoemaker, who held land of the manor of Wroxall, and died in 1557, +leaving William, Thomas, John, and Joan, ux. Francis Ley.<a name="FNanchor_265_264" id="FNanchor_265_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_265_264" class="fnanchor">[265]</a></p> + +<p>In Birmingham Registers there was a William, 1637, and an Anne +Shakespeare of Knowle, 1743.</p> + +<p>More might be said of the Shakespeares of Coventry and Fillongley. There +is a tablet recording Shakespeare benefactions in Fillongley Church, and +many still bear the name among the neighbouring peasantry. But to +complete the pedigrees of the Warwickshire families, we must follow them +to other abodes.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_231_230" id="Footnote_231_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_231_230"><span class="label">[231]</span></a> November 25, 1584, Stratford-on-Avon Register. Mr. R. B. +Wheeler, writing in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, September, 1816, takes +for granted the poet's father had three wives; a belief which Rowe also +held. See Reed's ed., vol. i., p. 136.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_232_231" id="Footnote_232_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_232_231"><span class="label">[232]</span></a> "Ursula, daughter of John Shakespeare, bapt. March 11, +1588-89; Humphrey, son of John Shakespeare, bapt. May 24, 1590; Philip, +son of John Shakespeare, bapt. September 21, 1591."—Stratford-on-Avon +Register. +</p><p> +"This Humphrey was ancestor to the George Shakespeare living in +Henley-in-Arden in 1864, and since in Wolverhampton." See French's +"Shakespeareana Genealogica."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_233_232" id="Footnote_233_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_233_232"><span class="label">[233]</span></a> See "Rot. Claus.," 23 Elizabeth.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_234_233" id="Footnote_234_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_234_233"><span class="label">[234]</span></a> See St. Nicholas' Churchwardens' Accounts, transcribed +and printed by Mr. Richard Savage, of Stratford-on-Avon. The register +states: "1579. July Sexto die huius mensis, sepultus fuit Gulielmus +Shaxper, qui demersus fuit in Rivulo aquæ, qui vel vocatur Avona."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_235_234" id="Footnote_235_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_235_234"><span class="label">[235]</span></a> A collection of thirty-five MSS. containing the name of +Shakespeare. Besides these of William, there are papers of Thomas +Shakespeare of Tamworth, 1679; Edward Shakespeare in the Manor of +Solihull, October 2, 1688, and in 1690; John Shakespeare, 1707, 1709, +1710, 1711, 1712; Widow Shakespeare, 1712-1714; Benjamin Shakespeare, +1713; Benjamin Shakespeare's Barne, 1714.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_236_235" id="Footnote_236_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_236_235"><span class="label">[236]</span></a> Stratford-on-Avon Records.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_237_236" id="Footnote_237_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_237_236"><span class="label">[237]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third Series, xii., pp. 81 and 161, +August 3, 1867, contains all the papers. A draft bill of their Chancery +suit is preserved among the miscellaneous documents of +Stratford-on-Avon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_238_237" id="Footnote_238_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_238_237"><span class="label">[238]</span></a> See "MS. Episc., Worcester," and Halliwell-Phillipps, +"Outlines," ii. 256.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_239_238" id="Footnote_239_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_239_238"><span class="label">[239]</span></a> Dom. Ser., State Papers, James I., xv. 65, September 23, +1605.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_240_239" id="Footnote_240_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_240_239"><span class="label">[240]</span></a> "Mr. Collier says we have intelligence regarding no other +William Shakespeare than the poet at that date" (French, "Shakespeareana +Genealogica," p. 526).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_241_240" id="Footnote_241_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_241_240"><span class="label">[241]</span></a> Dom. Ser., State Papers, Car. I., Dxiv. II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_242_241" id="Footnote_242_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_242_241"><span class="label">[242]</span></a> "Hist. MS. Com. Rep.," Appendix II., Davenport MSS.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_243_242" id="Footnote_243_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_242"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> French, "Shakespeareana Genealogica," p. 540.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_244_243" id="Footnote_244_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_244_243"><span class="label">[244]</span></a> Communicated in full by the Rev. E. T. Codd to <i>Notes and +Queries</i>, Third Series, vol. viii., December, 1865, p. 185.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_245_244" id="Footnote_245_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_245_244"><span class="label">[245]</span></a> Somerset House, 88 Drax, proved July, 1683.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_246_245" id="Footnote_246_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_246_245"><span class="label">[246]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, First Series, vol. xii., p. 123, +August 18, 1855.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_247_246" id="Footnote_247_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_247_246"><span class="label">[247]</span></a> Somerset House, 131 Fines.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_248_247" id="Footnote_248_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_248_247"><span class="label">[248]</span></a> Budbrooke Registers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_249_248" id="Footnote_249_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_249_248"><span class="label">[249]</span></a> 7 St. John, and 168 Aylett, Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_250_249" id="Footnote_250_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_250_249"><span class="label">[250]</span></a> The name of Nicolas Shakespeare of Budbrooke appears in a +Recusant Roll of 16 Charles I.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_251_250" id="Footnote_251_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_251_250"><span class="label">[251]</span></a> Somerset House, 51 Lee.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_252_251" id="Footnote_252_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_252_251"><span class="label">[252]</span></a> Admin. 1654, f. 127, July 13.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_253_252" id="Footnote_253_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_253_252"><span class="label">[253]</span></a> Lib. 7, 318, Wotten, Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_254_253" id="Footnote_254_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_254_253"><span class="label">[254]</span></a> Worcester Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_255_254" id="Footnote_255_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_255_254"><span class="label">[255]</span></a> Worcester Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_256_255" id="Footnote_256_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_256_255"><span class="label">[256]</span></a> Chancery Cases, S.-s. 25.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_257_256" id="Footnote_257_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_257_256"><span class="label">[257]</span></a> Subsidy Rolls, Warwick, 35 Elizabeth, 193/235, and 39 +Elizabeth, 193/247, P.R.O.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_258_257" id="Footnote_258_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_258_257"><span class="label">[258]</span></a> See Rowington Court Rolls, 65.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_259_258" id="Footnote_259_258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_259_258"><span class="label">[259]</span></a> Mr. Yeatman's "Gentle Shakespere," p. 146.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_260_259" id="Footnote_260_259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_260_259"><span class="label">[260]</span></a> Chancery Cases, S.-s. II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_261_260" id="Footnote_261_260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_261_260"><span class="label">[261]</span></a> Exchequer Q.R. licenses to Pass Beyond Seas, No. 17, June +13, 1632.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_262_261" id="Footnote_262_261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_262_261"><span class="label">[262]</span></a> Dr. Macray's Transcript, <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Seventh +Series, v., 190.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_263_262" id="Footnote_263_262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_263_262"><span class="label">[263]</span></a> Published in Nichols's "Collectanea Topographica et +Genealogica," vol. viii., p. 298.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_264_263" id="Footnote_264_263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_264_263"><span class="label">[264]</span></a> See "Book of John Fisher," p. 81.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_265_264" id="Footnote_265_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_265_264"><span class="label">[265]</span></a> A Jone Ley was buried in St. Nicholas, Warwick, the same +year. The administration of the goods of Mary Shakespeare, Warwick, was +granted 1723.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIII</h2> + +<h3>SHAKESPEARES IN OTHER COUNTIES</h3> + + +<p>The Warwickshire Shakespeares overflowed into the surrounding counties. +There were Shakespeares in Stafford,<a name="FNanchor_266_265" id="FNanchor_266_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_266_265" class="fnanchor">[266]</a> Worcester,<a name="FNanchor_267_266" id="FNanchor_267_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_267_266" class="fnanchor">[267]</a> +Gloucester,<a name="FNanchor_268_267" id="FNanchor_268_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_268_267" class="fnanchor">[268]</a> Northampton,<a name="FNanchor_269_268" id="FNanchor_269_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_269_268" class="fnanchor">[269]</a> Leicester,<a name="FNanchor_270_269" id="FNanchor_270_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_270_269" class="fnanchor">[270]</a> Berkshire<a name="FNanchor_271_270" id="FNanchor_271_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_271_270" class="fnanchor">[271]</a> and +Oxford.</p> + +<p>The three latter are worth noting. In 1597 there resided at Lutterworth, +only a few miles from Stratford, a Thomas Shakespeare, who was employed +by William Glover, of Hillenden, in Northamptonshire, gent., as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> his +agent to receive and give an acquittance for a considerable sum of +money.<a name="FNanchor_272_271" id="FNanchor_272_271"></a><a href="#Footnote_272_271" class="fnanchor">[272]</a> It is not clear whether it was this same person or a son who +was the Thomas Shakespeare, gent., of Staple Inn, Middlesex, who +presented a certificate to some unnamed court, October 12, 1604, +accounting for his non-appearance in a case.<a name="FNanchor_273_272" id="FNanchor_273_272"></a><a href="#Footnote_273_272" class="fnanchor">[273]</a> John Perkyns was the +plaintiff; Thomas Shakespere, William Perkyns, William Teery and others, +defendants. He had been summoned at the suit of Perkyns to appear, in +the Octaves of Trinity, but he had been required to be seventy miles out +of London on the Saturday of the Octaves of Trinity in a Chancery Case. +He only rested on the Sabbath at home, started on the Monday, and +appeared in court on Wednesday. The other defendants were allowed the +explanation; that it was denied to him seemed to be of malice. I cannot +find the decision. I searched the Lay Subsidies of Leicester,[3] in +Lutterworth and elsewhere, for this Shakespeare in vain; but I find that +in 1594 a William Perkins paid in bond for Richard Perkins in Wigston +Parva.<a name="FNanchor_274_273" id="FNanchor_274_273"></a><a href="#Footnote_274_273" class="fnanchor">[274]</a> A bond of Thomas Shakespeare, of Lutterworth, November 27, +1606, to James Whitelocke for 26s. 8d., is mentioned in the Historical +MSS. Com.<a name="FNanchor_275_274" id="FNanchor_275_274"></a><a href="#Footnote_275_274" class="fnanchor">[275]</a> A letter addressed to the Mayor of Leicester by certain +leading inhabitants of Lutterworth about the plague is signed first by +Thomas Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_276_275" id="FNanchor_276_275"></a><a href="#Footnote_276_275" class="fnanchor">[276]</a> and Mr. French found in the Admission Books of +Staple Inn,<a name="FNanchor_277_276" id="FNanchor_277_276"></a><a href="#Footnote_277_276" class="fnanchor">[277]</a> "Thomas Shakespeare, of Lutterworth, in Com. Leic., +gent., etc., 15th Feb., 5 Jac. I., 1607." Does the following entry<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> +refer to him or to Thomas Shakespere of Warwick? "John, son of Thomas +Shakespeare, gent., baptized July 18th, 1619."<a name="FNanchor_278_277" id="FNanchor_278_277"></a><a href="#Footnote_278_277" class="fnanchor">[278]</a></p> + +<p>John Shakespear (1774-1858),<a name="FNanchor_279_278" id="FNanchor_279_278"></a><a href="#Footnote_279_278" class="fnanchor">[279]</a> Orientalist, was born at Lount, near +Ashby, in Leicestershire, son of a small farmer there. He became +Professor of Hindustani, and gave £2,500 towards preserving the +birthplace at Stratford-on-Avon. He did not marry, and his property came +to his nephew, Charles Bowles, who took the surname of "Shakespeare."</p> + +<p>A William Shakespeare was convicted at Leicester Assizes of +night-poaching.<a name="FNanchor_280_279" id="FNanchor_280_279"></a><a href="#Footnote_280_279" class="fnanchor">[280]</a></p> + +<p>The Oxford Shakespeares deserve fuller attention than they have yet +received. The Saunders <i>alias</i> Shakespeare, already mentioned,<a name="FNanchor_281_280" id="FNanchor_281_280"></a><a href="#Footnote_281_280" class="fnanchor">[281]</a> was +possibly a native of another county. But we find some in the shire, +contemporary with the poet. Among the "Original Wills at Somerset House +there is one of Thomas Shackspeare, Innkeeper," in the suburbs of +Oxford. He wished to be buried in the Church of St. Giles, Oxford, +bequeathed property to his four children—Robert, Ellen, Mary, and +Elizabeth, £10 each when they came of age—and left his wife Elizabeth +residuary legatee and sole executrix; overseers, Mr. Ralf Shillingworth +and Henry Hedges. A remembrance was left to the preacher of his funeral +sermon, and to his loving friend Mr. Harris, of Yarnton, and he "set his +hand and seale thereto," May 27, 1642;<a name="FNanchor_282_281" id="FNanchor_282_281"></a><a href="#Footnote_282_281" class="fnanchor">[282]</a> witnesses, Thomas Champe and +Nathaniel Harris. It is curious that the seal used should represent a +winged heart bleeding, surmounted by a ducal coronet.</p> + +<p>Curiously enough, a notice of this one family is pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>served in <i>Notes +and Queries</i>,<a name="FNanchor_283_282" id="FNanchor_283_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_283_282" class="fnanchor">[283]</a> though it is not mentioned in the index. It was +transcribed from St. Mary Magdalene's, Oxford, by Dr. Macray while he +was yet curate. "Thomas Shakspere, the sonne of Thomas Shaxspere, was +baptised the 19th day of August, 1628;" Marie, April 15, 1630; +Elizabeth, June 29, 1632; "Robert, the sone of Thomas Shaxspere, +Inkeeper, was baptized September the 24th, 1634." Among the burials +appear, "Thomas, the son of Thomas Shaxespere, was buried Nov. 4th, +1642; Thomas Shaxsper, Inkeper, buried Nov. 11th, 1642; Ellinor Shaxsper +was buried May second, 1643." The earlier records of the Church are +lost. It is a pity the other Oxford registers have not been thoroughly +searched for the name, or printed.</p> + +<p>A John Shakespeare,<a name="FNanchor_284_283" id="FNanchor_284_283"></a><a href="#Footnote_284_283" class="fnanchor">[284]</a> of St. Mary's Hall, took the degree of B.A. in +1666. The <i>Oxford Chronicle</i><a name="FNanchor_285_284" id="FNanchor_285_284"></a><a href="#Footnote_285_284" class="fnanchor">[285]</a> of April 20, 1765, mentions a Richard +Shakespeare as being committed to Coventry Gaol as a forger.</p> + +<p>Some of these Shakespeares gravitated towards London. In the will of +Leonard Wilmot, of Clanfield, co. Oxon., gent., 1608, there is a bequest +to "Leonard Shackspire, my godson, servant to John Prince, of Abington, +Vintner, 5<sup>li</sup>, and to John Shackspire, of Newnam, 5<sup>li</sup>."<a name="FNanchor_286_285" id="FNanchor_286_285"></a><a href="#Footnote_286_285" class="fnanchor">[286]</a> This John +may be father of Leonard, and may be the John referred to in the note. +"John Shakespeare, of Nuneham Courtney, co. Oxford, an old feeble man, +had been drinking in his house, 25th Nov., 1633."<a name="FNanchor_287_286" id="FNanchor_287_286"></a><a href="#Footnote_287_286" class="fnanchor">[287]</a> A Leonard is +mentioned in the register of Sunningwell, Berks, as being married to +Alyce Parkes of Abingdon, September 12, 1614. This is probably the +Leonard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> of Isleworth, Middlesex, vintner, who at an advanced age made +his will,<a name="FNanchor_288_287" id="FNanchor_288_287"></a><a href="#Footnote_288_287" class="fnanchor">[288]</a> March 26, 1664. He left his wife Elizabeth two tenements +in Isleworth for life, then to his son John and his heirs; to his son +William, 12d.; to his son Ralph, 12d.; to his daughter, Elizabeth King, +£20 after his wife's death; to his son William's son William, 2s. 6d.; +to his daughter Elizabeth, a feather bed; to his daughter Sara, 12d.; to +his daughter Robina, 12d.; if John died without heirs, the tenements to +go to his sons Ralph and William. His wife Elizabeth executrix; his +friend, Mr. William Dance, and his son-in-law, Robert Parsons, +overseers. Was it a stepmother's influence that made him cut off his two +sons with a shilling?<a name="FNanchor_289_288" id="FNanchor_289_288"></a><a href="#Footnote_289_288" class="fnanchor">[289]</a></p> + +<p>Working for another purpose at a later date, I found Shakespeares in the +little village of South Stoke in Oxfordshire. Among the baptisms are: +"John, April 8th, 1751; Mary, Oct. 22nd, 1752; Hannah, Sept. 29, 1754; +Elizabeth, Aug. 24th, 1756; Ann, July 6th, 1760, all children of Robert +and Mary Shakespeare." "Susanna, base-born daughter of Catharine +Shakespeare, Dec. 24th, 1784." "Elizabeth, daughter of John Shakespeare, +and Eleanor his wife, Nov. 12, 1786." Among the marriages are "John Birt +and Mary Shakespeare, 7th December, 1773." Among the burials are +"William, March 13th, 1768," and "Robert, July 20th, 1786." In the same +volume are Richard and Thomas, sons of Richard Burbage, 1577 and 1579, +who both died in infancy, and there are many other Shakespearean names.</p> + +<p>In counties still further from Warwickshire the name is also found, as +we may note in Hertfordshire, Derbyshire,<a name="FNanchor_290_289" id="FNanchor_290_289"></a><a href="#Footnote_290_289" class="fnanchor">[290]</a> Hampshire, Surrey, +Bedfordshire. There was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> administration granted to Lucy Shakespear, +widow, of the goods of her deceased husband Thomas, of the town of +Hertford, October 10, 1626; and Luke Shakespear, of Layston, co. Herts, +fishmonger, made his will<a name="FNanchor_291_290" id="FNanchor_291_290"></a><a href="#Footnote_291_290" class="fnanchor">[291]</a> May 7, 1707. His wife was Joyce, and he +had a sister and two brothers not named.</p> + +<p>In Layston<a name="FNanchor_292_291" id="FNanchor_292_291"></a><a href="#Footnote_292_291" class="fnanchor">[292]</a> Churchyard there are the tombs of "Mr. John Shakespeare, +late citizen and founder of London," 1732, and of "Henry Mond +Shakespear, Citizen and Loriner of London," 1784.</p> + +<p>In Portsmouth, 1662, William Shakespeare was contractor for the old Gun +Wharf. A public-house, called Shakespeare's Head, is supposed to have +been the place where he paid his men.<a name="FNanchor_293_292" id="FNanchor_293_292"></a><a href="#Footnote_293_292" class="fnanchor">[293]</a> On April 25, 1747, in St. +Gregory's by St. Paul's, were married "John Shakespeare of Portsea, and +Mary Higginson of St. James', Westminster." Joseph Champ and Martha Ham, +married at Portsmouth April 22, 1736, had John Shakespeare, of +Portsmouth, as one of their bondsmen; and George Poate and Anne Loch, +October 6, 1802, had Samuel Shakespeare one of their bondsmen.<a name="FNanchor_294_293" id="FNanchor_294_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_294_293" class="fnanchor">[294]</a> The +London Shakespeares seem to have had a residence in Hampshire also, for +"Mrs. Shakespeare, widow of Alderman Shakespeare, of London, died at +Bramdean, co. Hants, aged 80, in March, 1807."<a name="FNanchor_295_294" id="FNanchor_295_294"></a><a href="#Footnote_295_294" class="fnanchor">[295]</a></p> + +<p>Aubrey speaks of the wife of John Shakespeare, of Worplesdowne, in +Surrey, who made as good butter there as she ever did at Wroxall or +Bitteston. She was a North Wiltshire woman.<a name="FNanchor_296_295" id="FNanchor_296_295"></a><a href="#Footnote_296_295" class="fnanchor">[296]</a> At Walton-upon-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span>Thames, +Surrey, tombstones remind us of Matthew Shakespeare and George +Shakespeare, who died August 8, 1775; also of John Shakespeare, of +Weybridge, January 13, 1775; of William Shakespeare of this parish, +1783; and of George Shakespeare, architect, Oxford Street, London, +1797.<a name="FNanchor_297_296" id="FNanchor_297_296"></a><a href="#Footnote_297_296" class="fnanchor">[297]</a></p> + +<p>On March 13, 1663, "William Shakespeare of Faucat was buried, and on +July 23, 1668, Ann Shackspere, daughter to Will Shackspear, was buried +in Toddington, co. Beds."<a name="FNanchor_298_297" id="FNanchor_298_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_298_297" class="fnanchor">[298]</a></p> + +<p>There were Shakespeares also in Essex. Mr. Veley collects a few +particulars regarding them from the unregistered wills of the +Archdeaconry of Essex.<a name="FNanchor_299_298" id="FNanchor_299_298"></a><a href="#Footnote_299_298" class="fnanchor">[299]</a> The oldest is that of Thomas Shakespeare, +priest, August 26, 1557. He leaves legacies to "8 priests of Jesus +Commons, wherein I now dwell," to sing masses, and something to the +maintenance of Jesus Commons, and to poor people, to the sisters of +Sion, the fathers of Sheen, the observant friars of Greenwich, the +Black-Friars of St. Bartholomew, Smithfield, the nuns of King's Langley, +and "to the parryshe church of Seynt Mildryd in Bred Streete in London, +towards the byeing of a pyxt or monstrat to carry the blyssyd Sacrament, +v<sup>li</sup>. To my brother, Robert Shakespeare; my brother, Harry Wyllson; my +brother, John Cooke; my sister, Grace Starke; my sister, Jone +Shackspere: my sister, Cicely Richardson; to John Cooke, of Jesus +Commons; to Mother Agnes, of the Commons, and Goodwyfe Blower." The +strange thing about this will is that it seems to have been made by the +same Sir Thomas Shakespeare, clerk, whom I enter among the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> +pre-Shakespearean London Shakespeares in August 22, 1559.<a name="FNanchor_300_299" id="FNanchor_300_299"></a><a href="#Footnote_300_299" class="fnanchor">[300]</a> His will +is preserved at Somerset House.<a name="FNanchor_301_300" id="FNanchor_301_300"></a><a href="#Footnote_301_300" class="fnanchor">[301]</a></p> + +<p>The two years that intervened between the drafting of the two wills were +years of great import. Mary had died, Philip had vanished, and Elizabeth +was seated on the throne. Therefore it is not surprising that there are +fewer priestly legacies in the later will, that it mentions also fewer +relatives, and no brother Robert. But there are still sisters, Thomasine +Cook, Grace Storeton, Jone Shackspere, and a relative, Anne Wilson; and +the legacy to the Church of St. Mildred's, Bread Street, London.<a name="FNanchor_302_301" id="FNanchor_302_301"></a><a href="#Footnote_302_301" class="fnanchor">[302]</a> +Mr. Veley does not know of this later will, which is the one that was +proved. He takes it for granted Thomas was an Essex man, though he lived +in London. He probably was so.</p> + +<p>Mr. Veley also mentions a Joseph Shakespeare of Havering, who made his +will 1640. He had a brother Samuel, of Hornchurch, whose widow Susan +made her will in 1678; a Samuel, of Romford, her son, who married +Judith, had a daughter Ann, and died in 1707; a Thomas, of Hornchurch, +also son of Susan, who made his will in 1702; and a William, probably a +third brother, who married Susannah, was father to John of Rawreth, and +made his will March 2, 1723. John of Rawreth's goods were administered +by his daughter Judith, wife of Asser Vassall, 1731. Mr. Veley also +finds a John and Elizabeth mentioned, but unfor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>tunately does not print +the contents of these other wills.</p> + +<p>It may be noted that there is a considerable gap between the date of the +priest and his brother Robert and these later Shakespeares. I was glad +to find among the administrations at Somerset House<a name="FNanchor_303_302" id="FNanchor_303_302"></a><a href="#Footnote_303_302" class="fnanchor">[303]</a> the name of +"Alice Shakespeare, Widow, of Ginge Margretting, Essex, 1581." She might +have been the widow of this Robert, and might also have been, at an +advanced age, the sister Alice Shakespeare mentioned in the will of +Francis Griffin, of Braybrook, 37 Henry VIII., who, Mr. Yeatman insists, +must have been the poet's grandmother. Francis Griffin remembers another +sister, <i>Agnes Crosmore</i>. The goods of this Alice Shakespeare were +administered by her sister, <i>Agnes Williams</i>, of Barking. I have made a +prolonged search among the Subsidy Rolls of Essex to locate this family. +Nowhere have I found the spelling of the name so varied, from +Shakesphere to Shakespurr, Saxper, and even Shaksby and Shucksby. +Cross-references prove these to be intended for the same name.<a name="FNanchor_304_303" id="FNanchor_304_303"></a><a href="#Footnote_304_303" class="fnanchor">[304]</a> In 3 +Jac. I., in Foulness, Essex, a Nicholas Saxper; in Rochford,<a name="FNanchor_305_304" id="FNanchor_305_304"></a><a href="#Footnote_305_304" class="fnanchor">[305]</a> 21 +Jac. I., John Shuxbye, and in Stambridge Magna, 4 Car. I., both Shakesby +and Shukesby. The Hearth Tax,<a name="FNanchor_306_305" id="FNanchor_306_305"></a><a href="#Footnote_306_305" class="fnanchor">[306]</a> Essex, Car. II., mentions Samuel +Shexpere, and the Subsidy Rolls of 14 Car. II., Samuel Shaksper, of +Harold's Wood Ward. In 1666<a name="FNanchor_307_306" id="FNanchor_307_306"></a><a href="#Footnote_307_306" class="fnanchor">[307]</a> there appear in the Hundred of Witham +Thomas Shakesby and Edward Shakesby, a Samuel Shakespeare of the North +End of Hornchurch, and a Samuel Shakespeare of Harold's Wood Ward.</p> + +<p>In the Hundred of Chafford, William Shakespeare,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span> gent., of Langdon +Hills, appears among the collectors of the subsidies. It is possible +there may have been many more of the name assessed; but some of the +Rolls are lost and many are decayed in various ways. I have searched +several of the outlying registers without success, but others have found +the name in Romford, Barking, Hornchurch, Rawreth, and Rochester.</p> + +<p>In the county where we find an early notice of the family the name +occasionally appears. Mr. J. M. Cowper, Canterbury, tells us that +"Judith filia Leonardi Shakespeare was baptized Feb. 27, 1596-7, at +Warehorne, Kent."<a name="FNanchor_308_307" id="FNanchor_308_307"></a><a href="#Footnote_308_307" class="fnanchor">[308]</a> The name does not occur again. In Rucking, Kent, +February 24, 1599, John, son of Reginald Shakespear, was baptized, and +on May 30, 1600, Reginald Shakespeare was buried.<a name="FNanchor_309_308" id="FNanchor_309_308"></a><a href="#Footnote_309_308" class="fnanchor">[309]</a></p> + +<p>Mr. W. J. Lightfoot, the transcriber, says that he is acquainted with +several other neighbouring parishes, and that the name does <i>not</i> occur +in their registers—a statement which, curiously enough, Mr. French +reproduces without the "not."</p> + +<p>George Austin and Margaret Shakespeare, of Biddenden, Kent, widow, were +married July 26, 1639.<a name="FNanchor_310_309" id="FNanchor_310_309"></a><a href="#Footnote_310_309" class="fnanchor">[310]</a></p> + +<p>In the North, where the early Shakespeares were attached to land, they +seem to have survived and spread, as may be seen from the directories of +Northern towns to-day.<a name="FNanchor_311_310" id="FNanchor_311_310"></a><a href="#Footnote_311_310" class="fnanchor">[311]</a> Ireland, too, owns Shakespeares, possibly +descended from the Thomas of Youghal.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_266_265" id="Footnote_266_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_266_265"><span class="label">[266]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Second Series, vi. 285; Third +Series, viii. 33. "George, descendant of Humphrey," etc. Mr. Dickenson +tells me there are many of the name in the parish of Bredon.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_267_266" id="Footnote_267_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_267_266"><span class="label">[267]</span></a> By fine levied Hil. 1655, Shakespere conveyed tenements +in Inckbarrow, Worcestershire, <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Second Series, vii. +336.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_268_267" id="Footnote_268_267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_268_267"><span class="label">[268]</span></a> There is the will of John Shakespeare, of Newington +Bagpath, Cook, among the Gloucester Wills, Index Library, and in "The +Shakespeares of Dursley," by John Henry Blount, we find James +Shakespeare buried at Bisley, March 13, 1570; Edward, son of John and +Margery Shakespeare, bapt. at Beverston, September 19, 1619. Thomas +Shakespeare, weaver, was married to Joan Turner at Dursley Church, March +3, 1677-78, and of their children, Edward was bapt. July 1, 1681; Mary, +1682; Thomas, 1685; and Mary, 1691. John Shakespeare was a mason in +Dursley from 1704 to 1739; and Thomas Shakespeare had a seat-place +allotted him in 1739. Betty Shakespeare received poor money from 1747 +till 1754. Some still exist in the adjoining parish of Newington +Bagpath, and claim kindred with the poet.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_269_268" id="Footnote_269_268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_269_268"><span class="label">[269]</span></a> Edward Shakespeare of Syresham, 1626-30; Thomas +Shakespeare of Litchborough, 1610-41 (Northamptonshire and Rutland +Wills, Index Library).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_270_269" id="Footnote_270_269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_270_269"><span class="label">[270]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, First Series, vii. 405 and 546.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_271_270" id="Footnote_271_270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_271_270"><span class="label">[271]</span></a> A John Shakespeare of Finchhampstead, Berkshire, made his +will in 1644. See Berkshire Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_272_271" id="Footnote_272_271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_272_271"><span class="label">[272]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, First Series, vii. 405 and 546.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_273_272" id="Footnote_273_272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_273_272"><span class="label">[273]</span></a> State Papers, Domestic Series, Jac. I., ix. 72.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_274_273" id="Footnote_274_273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_274_273"><span class="label">[274]</span></a> Lay Subsidies, Leicester, Goodlaxton, 39 Elizabeth, +Wigston Parva, 134/235 and 134/254.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_275_274" id="Footnote_275_274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_275_274"><span class="label">[275]</span></a> Hist. Man. Com., vol. iii., Report 1872, p. 190.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_276_275" id="Footnote_276_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_276_275"><span class="label">[276]</span></a> Ancient Records of Leicester, Trans. Lit. and Phil. +Society, 1855, and <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third Series, v. 383.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_277_276" id="Footnote_277_276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_277_276"><span class="label">[277]</span></a> Admission Books, Staple Inn, vol. i., f. 58, and French, +"Shakespeareana Genealogica," 542.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_278_277" id="Footnote_278_277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_278_277"><span class="label">[278]</span></a> From the Register of St. Gregory by St. Paul's, London.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_279_278" id="Footnote_279_278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_279_278"><span class="label">[279]</span></a> "Dict. Nat. Biography."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_280_279" id="Footnote_280_279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_280_279"><span class="label">[280]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Fifth Series, viii. 386.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_281_280" id="Footnote_281_280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_281_280"><span class="label">[281]</span></a> See p. 15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_282_281" id="Footnote_282_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_282_281"><span class="label">[282]</span></a> Proved November 4, 1643, by his relict Elizabeth.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_283_282" id="Footnote_283_282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_283_282"><span class="label">[283]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third Series, viii. 124.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_284_283" id="Footnote_284_283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_284_283"><span class="label">[284]</span></a> "Catalogue of Oxford Graduates," Clarendon Press.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_285_284" id="Footnote_285_284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_285_284"><span class="label">[285]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Second Series, xii. 469.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_286_285" id="Footnote_286_285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_286_285"><span class="label">[286]</span></a> French, "Shakspeareana Genealogica."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_287_286" id="Footnote_287_286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_287_286"><span class="label">[287]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Seventh Series, vi. 344. See "Liber +Actorum," Bodleian Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_288_287" id="Footnote_288_287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_288_287"><span class="label">[288]</span></a> Somerset House, 88 Bruce, proved July 1, 1664.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_289_288" id="Footnote_289_288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_289_288"><span class="label">[289]</span></a> The Hearth Tax for Isleworth, 1666, 252/32, notes "Ralph +Shakespeare 2 hearths, Widow Shakespeare 1 hearth."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_290_289" id="Footnote_290_289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_290_289"><span class="label">[290]</span></a> Elizabeth Shakspere, of St. Werbergs, Derby, made her +will 1558. Pegge's "Collection for the History of Derbyshire" contains a +sheet of printed verses "on the death of the Rev. Mr. Shakespear" +(Nichols's "Col. Top. and Gen.," iii. 244).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_291_290" id="Footnote_291_290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_291_290"><span class="label">[291]</span></a> Wills of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_292_291" id="Footnote_292_291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_292_291"><span class="label">[292]</span></a> See <i>Genealogical Magazine</i>, January, 1898.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_293_292" id="Footnote_293_292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_293_292"><span class="label">[293]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Fourth Series, iv. 275.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_294_293" id="Footnote_294_293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_294_293"><span class="label">[294]</span></a> Hampshire Marriage Licences.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_295_294" id="Footnote_295_294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_295_294"><span class="label">[295]</span></a> <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lxxvii., p. 280.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_296_295" id="Footnote_296_295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_296_295"><span class="label">[296]</span></a> Aubrey's "Natural History of Wiltshire," 1680.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_297_296" id="Footnote_297_296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_297_296"><span class="label">[297]</span></a> Manning and Bray's "Surrey," vol. ii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_298_297" id="Footnote_298_297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_298_297"><span class="label">[298]</span></a> "Misc. Gen. et Herald.," Second Series, vol. ii. Register +of Toddington, co. Beds.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_299_298" id="Footnote_299_298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_299_298"><span class="label">[299]</span></a> See "The Shakespeares of Essex." by Augustus Charles +Veley, Registrar of the Archdeaconry of Essex, <i>Essex Archæological +Society's Magazine</i>, vol. iii., p. 70, 1865.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_300_299" id="Footnote_300_299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_300_299"><span class="label">[300]</span></a> See my article in the <i>Athenæum</i>, April 23, 1892, +entitled "Pre-Shakespearean London Shakespeares."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_301_300" id="Footnote_301_300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_301_300"><span class="label">[301]</span></a> 40 Chayney.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_302_301" id="Footnote_302_301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_302_301"><span class="label">[302]</span></a> Auditors' Patent Books, vol. vi., 1538-1553. Thomas +Shakespeare, formerly minister of Colebray, in the parish of St. +Mildred's, in the ward of Bread Street, London, on September 1, 2 Ed. +VI., received a patent for 100 shillings per annum. There is no absolute +proof, but every probability, that this is the same Sir Thomas +Schaftespeyr mentioned in the will of Joan Jons of Bristol, and other +Bristol Wills. See the abstract contained in the "Great Orphan Book," +and Book of Wills in Council House at Bristol, 1886, by the Rev. J. P. +Wadley, Rector of Naunton Beauchamp.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_303_302" id="Footnote_303_302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_303_302"><span class="label">[303]</span></a> Admin. Vicar-General's Books, No. 268, 1574-1583.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_304_303" id="Footnote_304_303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_304_303"><span class="label">[304]</span></a> Lay Subsidies, Essex, 111/575.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_305_304" id="Footnote_305_304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_305_304"><span class="label">[305]</span></a> Lay Subsidies, Essex, Rochford, 112/602, 112/634, +112/642.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_306_305" id="Footnote_306_305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_306_305"><span class="label">[306]</span></a> Subsidy Rolls, Chelmsford, Essex, 112/707, do. 112/708.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_307_306" id="Footnote_307_306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_307_306"><span class="label">[307]</span></a> Subsidy Rolls of several Hundreds in Essex, a paper book, +246/19.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_308_307" id="Footnote_308_307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_308_307"><span class="label">[308]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third Series, vi. 324, and +French, "Shakespeareana Genealogica," p. 541.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_309_308" id="Footnote_309_308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_309_308"><span class="label">[309]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third Series, vi. 324, and French, +"Shakespeareana Genealogica," p. 541. Mr. C. G. Dickenson tells me his +will is at Canterbury, v. 52, f. 36.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_310_309" id="Footnote_310_309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_310_309"><span class="label">[310]</span></a> Registers of Sutton Valence, Kent, kindly sent by a +correspondent.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_311_310" id="Footnote_311_310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_311_310"><span class="label">[311]</span></a> "Misc. Gen. et Herald," New Series, i. 143.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIV</h2> + +<h3>LONDON SHAKESPEARES</h3> + + +<p>By far the most interesting search can be made in London, that great +centre where congregate representatives of all the families and counties +of the kingdom.</p> + +<p>It is strange that a William was one of the earliest recorded burials in +the registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster. "William Shakespeare was +buried April 30, 1539." A comparatively modern hand has written against +this the foolish scribble, "Query if this be the poet or not?" He may +have been in the service of the Court, but there are no signs that he +was a man of wealth. In the churchwardens' account<a name="FNanchor_312_311" id="FNanchor_312_311"></a><a href="#Footnote_312_311" class="fnanchor">[312]</a> he was only +charged 2d. for the candles at his funeral, a common charge, but not for +great people. He may have been the son of the fifteenth-century William, +or of Peter of Southwark, and father or brother of Roger the royal +yeoman.</p> + +<p>The discovery that <i>Shakespeare</i> lived in St. Helen's Parish, +Bishopsgate, has been claimed for an American, though Hunter mentioned +in his "Life of Shakespeare," 1845, that in the Subsidy Rolls of London +a William Shakespeare was assessed in 1597 in that district.<a name="FNanchor_313_312" id="FNanchor_313_312"></a><a href="#Footnote_313_312" class="fnanchor">[313]</a></p> + +<p class="notes">Transcriber's note: click on map for a larger image.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;"> +<a href="images/map.jpg"><img src="images/mapt.jpg" width="650" height="347" alt="map." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">NORDEN'S MAP OF LONDON, 1593.<br /><i>Between pp. 142, 143.</i></span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span></p> + +<p>The entry is: "Affid. William Shakespeare on v<sup>li</sup> goods,<a name="FNanchor_314_313" id="FNanchor_314_313"></a><a href="#Footnote_314_313" class="fnanchor">[314]</a> assessed +xiii iiii<sup>d</sup>." The "affid." affixed to it shows that the Shakespeare +named tried to avoid payment on some grounds. It has surprised many, and +satisfied others as suitable, that the poet should have lived in this +neighbourhood, near so many of his theatrical friends. But I do not +think it is certainly proved that it was our Shakespeare at all. Two +references of Collier seem to locate him in Southwark in 1596, and in +1609, near the site of the Globe Theatre. Several of the name lived near +Bishopsgate before and after his death.</p> + +<p>John Scatcliffe, of St. Botolph's, Aldersgate, cook, bachelor, +twenty-four, and Mary Shakespeare, of the same, spinster, twenty-four, +at St. Botolph's, December 20, 1637;<a name="FNanchor_315_314" id="FNanchor_315_314"></a><a href="#Footnote_315_314" class="fnanchor">[315]</a> in later years, Nathaniel<a name="FNanchor_316_315" id="FNanchor_316_315"></a><a href="#Footnote_316_315" class="fnanchor">[316]</a> +Shaxspere and Elizabeth ——, widow, married August 18, 1663, in St. +Botolph's, Bishopsgate; Henry Shakespeare, of St. Botolph's, +Bishopsgate, bachelor (twenty-five), and Elizabeth Hartwell, of same, +spinster (twenty), her parents dead, with consent of her grandmother, +Elizabeth Gaye, of same, at St. Botolph's, March 26, 1663; William<a name="FNanchor_317_316" id="FNanchor_317_316"></a><a href="#Footnote_317_316" class="fnanchor">[317]</a> +Winch and Abigail Shaxpere, married September 30, 1680; Francis Hill and +Saray Saxspere, September 28, 1682; John Shakespeare and Edith Murry, +married at St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, January 2, 1699; William +Shakespear and Anna Maria Carter, both of this parish, July 9, 1733.</p> + +<p>There was a Matthew Shakespere who, on February 5, 1566-67, married +Isabel Peele in Christ<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> Church,<a name="FNanchor_318_317" id="FNanchor_318_317"></a><a href="#Footnote_318_317" class="fnanchor">[318]</a> Newgate Street. She was probably +daughter of James Peele, Clerk of Christ's Hospital from 1562 to 1585, +and sister of George Peele,<a name="FNanchor_319_318" id="FNanchor_319_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_319_318" class="fnanchor">[319]</a> the dramatist, educated in the Grammar +School there. They seem to have had a large family.<a name="FNanchor_320_319" id="FNanchor_320_319"></a><a href="#Footnote_320_319" class="fnanchor">[320]</a> On January 18, +1569, Johanne, daughter of Matthew Shakespere, was baptized, and buried +on February 11. On March —, 1574, Francis, son of Matthew Shakespere, +baptized; on August 27, 1578, Jane; on April 7, 1583, Thomas. There was +also a Humphrey entered as son of <i>Hugh</i> Shakespeare, August 5, 1571. +But as among the burials there appears "Humphrey, son of Matthew +Shackspere, Aug. 30, 1571," it would seem to be an error. Johanne, +daughter of Matthew Shackespere, was buried December 26, 1572, the +second of the name; Jayne, on September 5, 1577, the first of the name. +Robert, son of Matthew Shackspeare, was buried May 5, 1580. Besides +these were buried Francis Shakespeare, October 7, 1571, and Robert +Shakespeare, May 24, 1577. These might be grandfather and uncle of the +family, which might have reckoned a William among its members.</p> + +<p>There was a Thomas Shakespeare, royal messenger, in 1572, payments to +whom I have found in the State Papers.<a name="FNanchor_321_320" id="FNanchor_321_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_321_320" class="fnanchor">[321]</a> And in "Archæologia" there +is printed his request for payment, in 1577, for carrying letters from +the Privy Council to the Bishop of London at Fulham, the Bishop of York +at Tower Hill, the Bishop of Chichester at Westminster, the Bishop of +Durham in Aldersgate Street, and to the Bishop of Worcester in St. +Paul's Churchyard.<a name="FNanchor_322_321" id="FNanchor_322_321"></a><a href="#Footnote_322_321" class="fnanchor">[322]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span></p> + +<p>Mr. Hunter and many others supposed that at the time of the poet there +was only <i>one</i> other of the name in London—John of St. +Martin's-in-the-Fields.</p> + +<p>In the churchwardens' accounts there were found notices of a John +Shakespeare about 1605. Mr. French thinks that he might be the John, son +of Thomas, of Snitterfield.<a name="FNanchor_323_322" id="FNanchor_323_322"></a><a href="#Footnote_323_322" class="fnanchor">[323]</a> I have worked through these books and +the registers, and have gleaned a good many scraps about him. He appears +there too early. John of Snitterfield was born in 1581-82. John of St. +Martin's, on January 22, 1589, was married<a name="FNanchor_324_323" id="FNanchor_324_323"></a><a href="#Footnote_324_323" class="fnanchor">[324]</a> to Dorothea Dodde, +daughter of the Vestry Clerk (her sister Jane had, the year before, +married a Christopher Wren) of that parish; and on December 23, 1593, it +is to be supposed he had a daughter, "Maria Shakespeare," christened, +mentioned there, as is customary in that register, without the name of +her father.</p> + +<p>In 1594 Mrs. Shakespeare's sister was staying with her, as among the +burials is entered, "Elizabeth Dod, from Shakespeares."</p> + +<p>John<a name="FNanchor_325_324" id="FNanchor_325_324"></a><a href="#Footnote_325_324" class="fnanchor">[325]</a> Shakespeare, "on the land side of the parish," in 1603, +contributed to the new casting of the bells five shillings, and in 1605 +was one of the sidesmen. "Paid to John Shakespeare, one of the sidesmen, +that he laid out at the registers office for putting in the Recusants +Bills 3s. 4d." In 1609 "Dorithie Shakespeare" was buried, and her +expenses brought in to the churchwardens 32s. 2d., relatively a large +sum, as Sir Thomas Windebanck's funeral cost only 16s. In that same year +John contributed also ten shillings to the repair of the church. On June +20, 1613, the churchwardens "received from John Shakespeare, by the +hands of Edward Thickness, the sum of £10, given as a legacy by Mrs. +Dimbleby, deceased" (which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> suggests that he was her executor), and in +1617 they "gave to John Shakespeare's daughter 7s. 6d."—a curious +entry, which I cannot explain. She may have done some work for the +churchwardens, as they often employed women; it may have been a debt due +her father, a present on her marriage, or an aid in sudden poverty. The +death of a "John Shakespeare, a man," is noted in 1646, in apparent +poverty, as the funeral cost only 1s.—a different cost from that of +Mrs. Dorothy Shakespeare in 1608. I had thought it possible that this +sum represented only a fee for a burial in another parish, but I find +that theory is untenable. Whether the John of 1646 was the same as the +sidesman of 1605 or not, he was certainly buried in the parish. From the +vestry books I found many notices of John Shakespeare as contributing to +the expenses of the poor, first on the "waterside" of the parish, and +then on the "landside"; and I believed, reasoning from a State Paper +Bill, that he was referred to in the entry, "received for a pewe, from +the Princes' Bitmaker 30s., 1639-40." His name disappeared from the +books long before 1646; and I fancied he had gone farther east to the +parish of St. Clement's Danes, which joined that of St. Martin's at +several points. "Paid to William Wright for a stone engraved with +letters on it, which is sett in the wall of the Earl of Salisbury at his +house at Ivie Bridge to devide the two parishes of St. Martin's in the +Fields and St. Clement's Danes in that place." I gave up theorizing +until I could see the registers of St. Clement's Danes, and from various +causes three years passed before I had an opportunity of clearing up the +puzzle. These registers prove that in London, as in Stratford-on-Avon, I +had been confused by double entries, and that there was <i>another John +Shakespeare</i>. The St. Martin's John lost his wife Dorothy in 1608;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> the +St. Clement's John married his wife Mary in 1605. "3rd Feb. 1604-5, +Johne Shakspear and Mary Godtheridg." <i>He</i> was the wealthy bitmaker to +the King, of whom I had discovered notices in the State Papers and wills +that turned my attention to St. Clement's Danes, a hitherto unsuspected +locality for Shakespeare finds. I thought at first that he might have +been John the shoemaker who vanished from Stratford. But it was hardly +likely that he should have changed his trade from shoemaking to +bitmaking, or that he would have been successful in it. The St. +Clement's John might have been a son of the St. Martin's John, but there +is no christening of a John in that parish, or in any other London +parish that I know. So here I thought I might justly theorize, and state +my opinion that he really was the John, son of Thomas, of Snitterfield, +born 1581-82, of whom is no record of further life or burial in his own +neighbourhood. He would be of a suitable age, and there was in his case +a <i>reason</i> for Court success.</p> + +<p>William Shakespeare the poet had by this time made his mark, not only in +literature and the drama, but in Court influence and financial +possibilities. His patron, the Earl of Southampton, was in favour with +the King. Supposing this John was Shakespeare's first cousin, as I +believe he was, what more likely than that the poet, who had lost his +only son, would help, as far as he could, his nearest male relative? I +trust to find further proof of this some day, but I may state what I do +know about this St. Clement's John. He had a large family. The registers +record in the baptizings: "John Shaxbee sonne of John 28th Aug. 1605." +"Susan Shasper daughter of John 19th Feb. 1607." "Jane Shakespeer the +daughter of John 16th July 1608." "Anthony Shaksbye son of John 23rd +June 1610." "Thomas Shackspeer son of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> John 30th June 1611." "Ellyn +Shakspear the daughter of John 5th May 1614." "Katharine Shakspeare +daughter of John 25th Aug. 1616." Now, to set against these we have the +burials of: "Anthony Shakesby the son of John 26th June 1610." "Thomas +Shakspeer the son of John 1st July 1612." "Susan Shakspere daughter of +John 3rd Aug. 1612." "Katharine Shakespeare d. of John 26th Aug. 1616." +Of two of the remaining children, John and Ellen, we have further +information; concerning the other, I believe we have an interesting +error, bearing on the credibility of parish clerks.</p> + +<p>Among the burials appears that of "<i>Jane Shackspeer, daughter of Willm, +8. Aug. 1609</i>." Now, this might have been a daughter of the Bishopsgate +William, or of some country William up in London for a holiday. It might +even have been a hitherto unknown daughter of the poet himself. But I +believe that the clerk's mind was wandering when he wrote, and that he +was thinking of "William" when he should have written "John," because +John's family seem to have been delicate and have chiefly died young, +and his daughter "Jane" would have been just about a year old at the +time. No other notice of "William" or of "Jane" appears in the register.</p> + +<p>The phonetic varieties of the spelling of the name may have been +noticed, but it is as well I copied all such. Among the Bishop of +London's marriage<a name="FNanchor_326_325" id="FNanchor_326_325"></a><a href="#Footnote_326_325" class="fnanchor">[326]</a> licenses I find on "May 28, 1631, John +Shackspeare of St. Clement's Danes, Bittmaker, Bachelor, 26, had a +license to marry Margaret Edwards of St. Bride's Spinster, 28, at same +Parish Church."<a name="FNanchor_327_326" id="FNanchor_327_326"></a><a href="#Footnote_327_326" class="fnanchor">[327]</a> The age of John Shackspear coincides with the age +of John Shaxbee, which is the only resembling entry near the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> date, and +the trade and the parish are the same. He was duly married in St. +Bride's,<a name="FNanchor_328_327" id="FNanchor_328_327"></a><a href="#Footnote_328_327" class="fnanchor">[328]</a> and soon afterwards christenings began in St. Clement's +Danes. "12th April 1632, John Shackspeare son of John Shackspeare +Junior, and Margaret, ux." "4th May 1633, Mary Shackespeare, daughter of +John Shackespeare, and Margaret, ux." "17th Aug. 1634, Mary Shackspeare, +daughter of John Shackespeare and Margaret, ux." "3rd March 1635-6 John +Shakespear son of John and Margaret his wife." The reason for the +repeated names lies in the burials: "John Shackspeare son of John 17th +May, 1632." "Mary Shakespeare daughter of John 16th Julie 1633." "Mary +Shakespeare, infant, 1st May 1635." The more important entry of the +burial of their grandfather is fortunately clear—"John Shackespeare, +the King's Bitmaker, 27th Jan. 1633."<a name="FNanchor_329_328" id="FNanchor_329_328"></a><a href="#Footnote_329_328" class="fnanchor">[329]</a> The name of trade or +profession was but rarely mentioned in this parish, and in this case it +fixes the State Paper entries. A large sum (£1,612 11s.) due to her +husband by the Crown was paid to a widow Mary after the death of her +husband, John Shackespeare,<a name="FNanchor_330_329" id="FNanchor_330_329"></a><a href="#Footnote_330_329" class="fnanchor">[330]</a> His Majesty's bit-maker, 1638, for +wares delivered to the royal stables, and she had already been paid £80. +"Warrant to pay to the Earl of Denbigh Master of the Wardrobe £1612, 11 +0, to be paid to Mary Shackspeare widow & executrix of John +Shackespeare, his Majesty's Bitmaker deceased, in regard of her present +necessities, in full of a debt of £1692, 11 for sundry parcels of wares +by him delivered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> for his majesty's service in the Stables, as by a +certificate appeareth, whereof there has been already paid unto her £80. +Subscribed by order of the Lord Treasurer procured Dec. 18th, 1637, and +paid Jan. 21, 1637-8."</p> + +<p>For some reason her daughter Ellen was made her heiress. Among the State +Papers at Dublin Castle relating to settlements and explanations after +the Restoration there is a reference to this lady, and there was some +dispute about what she was entitled to receive. "It appears by an order +of the Revenue side of the Exchequer<a name="FNanchor_331_330" id="FNanchor_331_330"></a><a href="#Footnote_331_330" class="fnanchor">[331]</a> that Ellen, daughter and +heiress of Mary Shakespeare, of ye Strand, widow, was married to John +Milburne." In Mary Shakespeare's will, December 24, 1553, she left to +her daughter, Ellen Milburne, £60; money to her grandchildren Milburne; +£50 to her grandson, John Shakespeare, son of her son John; 10s. to her +sister, Anne Brewer; 5s. to her daughter-in-law, Margaret Shakespeare; +2s. 6d. to Sarah Richardson, her brother's daughter; and the same to +Mary Shakespeare, wife of Thomas Allon (proved March 2, 1654).<a name="FNanchor_332_331" id="FNanchor_332_331"></a><a href="#Footnote_332_331" class="fnanchor">[332]</a></p> + +<p>The Mary Shakespeare of St. Martin's parish does not seem to have died +there. She may have been the Mary Shakespeare, wife of Thomas Allon, of +the above will, or the Mary Shakespeare who was buried in the Church of +St. Thomas Apostle,<a name="FNanchor_333_332" id="FNanchor_333_332"></a><a href="#Footnote_333_332" class="fnanchor">[333]</a> November 14, 1644. There was a John +Shakespeare, who might have been one of those three now mentioned, or +who might have been a fourth of the name, not very far off, mentioned as +one of the defaulters by the Collectors of the Loan in the Hundred of +Edmonton, and part of the Hundred of Ossulton, County Middlesex, in +1627.<a name="FNanchor_334_333" id="FNanchor_334_333"></a><a href="#Footnote_334_333" class="fnanchor">[334]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span></p> + +<p>There were Shakespeares further west and further east than the Strand. +Adrian Shakespeare, of St. James's, within the liberty of Westminster, +left £550 on trust with his brothers-in-law, William Gregory and William +Farron, for his daughter Elizabeth and an unborn child; his father, +Thomas Shakespeare, and all his brothers and sisters to have a guinea +apiece, residue to his wife Christian, November 26, 1714.<a name="FNanchor_335_334" id="FNanchor_335_334"></a><a href="#Footnote_335_334" class="fnanchor">[335]</a> Perhaps +he descended from the William of 1539.</p> + +<p>At St. George's, Hanover Square, William Fellows, widower, and Margaret +Shakespear, spinster, were married May 28, 1730;<a name="FNanchor_336_335" id="FNanchor_336_335"></a><a href="#Footnote_336_335" class="fnanchor">[336]</a> at St. George's, +Hanover Square, William Guy and Rebekah Shakespeare, of St. +Mary-le-Bone, March 29, 1758;<a name="FNanchor_337_336" id="FNanchor_337_336"></a><a href="#Footnote_337_336" class="fnanchor">[337]</a> at St. George's Chapel, Hyde Park +Corner, William Shakespeare and Mary Waight, of St. Giles, Cripplegate, +July 29, 1751;<a name="FNanchor_338_337" id="FNanchor_338_337"></a><a href="#Footnote_338_337" class="fnanchor">[338]</a> James Barnet, of St. James's, Westminster, and +Elizabeth Shakespear, February 9, 1760.<a name="FNanchor_339_338" id="FNanchor_339_338"></a><a href="#Footnote_339_338" class="fnanchor">[339]</a> A George Shakespeare, of +Westminster, Arm., matriculated at Wadham College, June 10, 1785, aged +twenty-seven.<a name="FNanchor_340_339" id="FNanchor_340_339"></a><a href="#Footnote_340_339" class="fnanchor">[340]</a></p> + +<p>Manasses Shakespeare, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, widower, and Mary +Goodwin, spinster, of same, married at St. James's, Duke's Place, April +27, 1710.<a name="FNanchor_341_340" id="FNanchor_341_340"></a><a href="#Footnote_341_340" class="fnanchor">[341]</a></p> + +<p>Benjamin Shakespear, of the parish of St. Christopher, painter, made his +will 1707, and bequeathed to his father, Benjamin Shakespear, of +Tamworth, in Warwickshire, his wearing apparel, and left a legacy to his +mother Joyce, his wife Judith being sole executrix<a name="FNanchor_342_341" id="FNanchor_342_341"></a><a href="#Footnote_342_341" class="fnanchor">[342]</a> (proved December +4, 1714).</p> + +<p>In the records of the Leather Sellers' Company is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> preserved the +apprenticeship of George, son of Thomas Shakespeare, of Arley, county +Warwick,<a name="FNanchor_343_342" id="FNanchor_343_342"></a><a href="#Footnote_343_342" class="fnanchor">[343]</a> October 12, 1693. George, son of William Shakespeare, also +of Arley, was apprenticed 1732. Thomas Shakespeare, son of George, +citizen and leather-seller of London, was apprenticed to William +Jephson, vintner.<a name="FNanchor_344_343" id="FNanchor_344_343"></a><a href="#Footnote_344_343" class="fnanchor">[344]</a></p> + +<p>An important branch of the family settled in the east. John Shackspeer, +of Rope Walk, Upper Shadwell, appears in 1654. His father has still to +be found, but his posterity believe he descended from the poet's +grandfather. I had hoped to satisfy them through the St. Clement's Danes +registers. But his age at his marriage precludes this, for it gives the +year of his birth as 1619. The only John that I know to be born in that +year was John, son of Thomas Shakespeare, gent., baptized July 18, 1619, +in St. Gregory by St. Paul's. I had taken him to be the son of Thomas, +the Staple Inn student and lawyer of Leicester, but I cannot prove it. +On June 14, 1654, John married Martha Seeley,<a name="FNanchor_345_344" id="FNanchor_345_344"></a><a href="#Footnote_345_344" class="fnanchor">[345]</a> and had four sons and +four daughters, of whom survived Martha, Samuel, Benjamin, Mary, John +and Jonathan. A trade token of his still exists.<a name="FNanchor_346_345" id="FNanchor_346_345"></a><a href="#Footnote_346_345" class="fnanchor">[346]</a> Ropemaker +Shakespeare was summoned, with others, to appear before the Admiralty +regarding a breach of contract for ropes, January 26, 1656-57.<a name="FNanchor_347_346" id="FNanchor_347_346"></a><a href="#Footnote_347_346" class="fnanchor">[347]</a> John +Shakespear, son of John of Shadwell, ropemaker, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span> apprenticed to John +Grange, of Upper Shadwell, chafer, 1663-64.<a name="FNanchor_348_347" id="FNanchor_348_347"></a><a href="#Footnote_348_347" class="fnanchor">[348]</a> Jonathan, the youngest +son, born February 6, 1670, succeeded his father, who died 1689. He +married,<a name="FNanchor_349_348" id="FNanchor_349_348"></a><a href="#Footnote_349_348" class="fnanchor">[349]</a> April 26, 1698, Elizabeth Shallet, of Clapham, aged +nineteen, and had thirteen children. Samuel Wilton was apprenticed to +Jonathan Shakespeare, citizen and <i>broiderer</i> of London, April 7, 1725. +He died 1735. The business of ropemaking was carried on by the eldest +son, Arthur, born 1699, who died 1749, leaving the property and business +to his youngest brother John, on condition he brought up his heir to +ropemaking. This John, twelfth child of Jonathan, born 1718, married, +1745, Elizabeth, daughter of Colin Currie, and Anne, daughter of the +Honourable John Campbell; and had eleven children. He became Ropemaker +to the Board of Ordnance in succession to his brother Arthur, May 12, +1749; Trustee of Middlesex Turnpike Roads 1751; Ranger of Waltham Forest +1761; Deputy-Lieutenant for Middlesex 1763; alderman of the ward of +Aldgate 1767; sheriff 1768. He was originally of the Broiderers' +Company, as was his father, but was translated from that guild to the +Ironmongers', of which he became master 1769.<a name="FNanchor_350_349" id="FNanchor_350_349"></a><a href="#Footnote_350_349" class="fnanchor">[350]</a> He died 1775. "<i>The +alderman used the same coat of arms as the poet, there being but the one +known.</i>" It is engraved in Noorthouck's "History of London," ed. 1773.</p> + +<p>The Shakespear tomb in Stepney Churchyard records his death, and that of +Bennet Shakespear, son of Jonathan, 1756, and Jonathan, son of Jonathan, +1768, brothers of the alderman; also Mrs. Elizabeth Shakespeare, his +widow, February 15, 1807, aged eighty, at Bramdean, co. Hants; Arthur +Shakespear, eldest son of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> the alderman, M.P. for Richmond, in +Yorkshire, 1818, aged seventy; his wife Jane, 1805, aged fifty-five; +Matthew John Shakespeare, son of Arthur, April 2, 1844; and several +children who died young. The sons of the Alderman John Shakespeare and +Elizabeth his wife were I. Arthur; II. John; III. David; IV. Samuel; V. +Colin.</p> + +<p>I. Arthur, the M.P. for Richmond, married Jane, daughter of Sir Matthew +Ridley, and had two sons, Matthew John, and Arthur William. His wife +died in Pall Mall in February, 1805,<a name="FNanchor_351_350" id="FNanchor_351_350"></a><a href="#Footnote_351_350" class="fnanchor">[351]</a> and he died June 12, 1818, in +Albemarle Street,<a name="FNanchor_352_351" id="FNanchor_352_351"></a><a href="#Footnote_352_351" class="fnanchor">[352]</a> aged seventy. His son, Matthew John Shakespeare, +willed away the Shadwell property to his cousins, the children of Mary +Oliver, 1844. The rope-factory was destroyed by fire in the autumn of +1860, but a street in the neighbourhood is still called Shakespeare's +Walk.</p> + +<p>II. John. The second son of Alderman John was born May 6, 1749. He +married, in 1782, Mary, daughter and heir of the Rev. William Davenport, +of Bredon, co. Worcester, and of Lacock Abbey, co. Wilts, by his wife, +Martha Talbot, of the old family famed by Shakespeare the poet.</p> + +<p>The sons of John Shakespear and Mary Davenport, his first wife, were: +(1) John Talbot; (2) William Oliver; (3) Henry Davenport; (4) Arthur.</p> + +<p>1. John Talbot Shakespear entered the East India Company's service, and +had four sons by Emily, eldest daughter of William Makepeace Thackeray: +(1<i>a</i>) John Dowdeswell Shakespear, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Bengal +Artillery, who married Margaret, only daughter of Joseph Hodgson, F.R.S. +He died without issue, April 6, 1867, aged sixty.<a name="FNanchor_353_352" id="FNanchor_353_352"></a><a href="#Footnote_353_352" class="fnanchor">[353]</a> (2<i>a</i>) William +Makepeace Shakespear, (3<i>a</i>) George Trant Shakespear, who both died<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> +unmarried. (4<i>a</i>) Sir Richmond Campbell Shakespear, 1812-61, "youngest +son of John Talbot Shakespear, of the Bengal Civil Service. He came to +England with his cousin, William Makepeace Thackeray, for his education. +He served with distinction in India, was knighted in 1841, the only +occasion on which he returned to England. His cousin, Thackeray, in the +'Roundabout Papers' (Letts's Diary), paid a tribute to his chivalry and +liberality. He married Marian Sophia Thompson in 1844, and died at +Indore, October 28, 1861, leaving a family of three sons and six +daughters."<a name="FNanchor_354_353" id="FNanchor_354_353"></a><a href="#Footnote_354_353" class="fnanchor">[354]</a> A memorial-stone is raised in memory of him in the +cloister walls of Charterhouse Chapel.<a name="FNanchor_355_354" id="FNanchor_355_354"></a><a href="#Footnote_355_354" class="fnanchor">[355]</a> Thackeray drew the portrait +of Colonel Newcome from his elder brother, Colonel John Dowdeswell +Shakespeare. His eldest son, Richmond Shakespear, Captain H.M. 36th +Regiment N.I., died in India, August 12, 1865. His daughter, Selina, +married, in 1868, Lieutenant Ninian Lowis, Bengal Staff Corps.</p> + +<p>Mr. John Talbot Shakespear had also four daughters—Emily, Augusta, +Charlotte, Marianne.</p> + +<p>2. The second son of John Shakespear and Mary Davenport, William Oliver +Shakespear, was Judge of the Provincial Court of Appeal in the Madras +Presidency. He married Charlotte Maxton, and had five sons and two +daughters, (1<i>b</i>) William, who died young; (2<i>b</i>) Henry, a Lieutenant in +the Royal Navy, who was shipwrecked in a frigate in the Indian Seas, +1833; (3<i>b</i>) Charles Maxton Shakespear, Lieutenant-Colonel in the Madras +Army; (4<i>b</i>) Arthur Robert, who died in 1844; (5<i>b</i>) George Frederick +Shakespear, Lieutenant-Colonel Madras Staff Corps, who was married, and +had a son born in 1865.<a name="FNanchor_356_355" id="FNanchor_356_355"></a><a href="#Footnote_356_355" class="fnanchor">[356]</a></p> + +<p>3. The third son, Henry Davenport Shakespear,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> was member of the Supreme +Court of India. He married Louisa Muerson, and had three sons and seven +daughters. (1<i>c</i>) Henry John Childe Shakespear, Commandant of the +Nagpore Irregular Horse; (2<i>c</i>) Alexander Shakespear, a Judge in India; +(3<i>c</i>) William Ross Shakespear, Madras Cavalry, who married Fanny +Isabella, daughter of Sir Robert North Collie Hamilton, of Alveston, co. +Warwick, 1854, and had two sons, William and Robert; he died in 1862. +The daughters of Henry Davenport Shakespear were Louisa, Harriet, +Augusta, Jane, Agnes, Mary, Henrietta. He died in 1838.</p> + +<p>4. The fourth son of John Shakespear and Mary Davenport, Arthur +Shakespear, was Captain in the 10th Hussars, served as aide-de-camp to +Lord Combermore during the Peninsular War, and was Brigade-Major of the +Hussars at Waterloo. He married, April 19, 1818, Harriet Sophia, +daughter of Thomas Skip Dyott Bucknall, of Hampton Court. He died in +1845, leaving six sons and two daughters, (1<i>d</i>) George Bucknall +Shakespear, Colonel Royal Artillery, who married Henrietta Panet. His +eldest son was Arthur Bucknall Shakespear. (2<i>d</i>) William Powlett +Shakespear<a name="FNanchor_357_356" id="FNanchor_357_356"></a><a href="#Footnote_357_356" class="fnanchor">[357]</a> was a Lieutenant in the 2nd Bombay Fusiliers, and lost +his life at Samanghur in trying to save a wounded sepoy. (3<i>d</i>) Colonel +John Talbot Shakespear, who married Emma Waterfield, and had a son, +Leslie, born 1865. (4<i>d</i>) Lieutenant-Colonel John Davenport Shakespear, +served in the Crimean War. He married, in 1855, Louisa Caroline, +daughter of Robert Sayer, of Sibton Park, co. Suffolk, and had a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> son, +Arthur Franklin Charles Shakespear, 1864, and a daughter, Ida Nea. He +claimed descent from the poet's family in 1864.<a name="FNanchor_358_357" id="FNanchor_358_357"></a><a href="#Footnote_358_357" class="fnanchor">[358]</a> (5<i>d</i>) Rev. Wyndham +Arthur Shakespear, fifth son of Arthur Shakespear, of Boxwell, co. +Gloucester, Arm. Exeter College, matriculated May 29, 1855, aged +nineteen, B.A. from Litton Hall, 1860, and M.A. He has held various +curacies.<a name="FNanchor_359_358" id="FNanchor_359_358"></a><a href="#Footnote_359_358" class="fnanchor">[359]</a> (6<i>d</i>) Robert Henry Shakespear, who married, in 1858, +Octavia, daughter of Charles Fenwick, Consul-General for Denmark. He has +a son, Lionel Fairfax Shakespear. His elder daughter, Harriet Blanche, +married, 1868, Lieutenant-Colonel James Edward Mayne, Deputy-Judge, +Madras; the younger, Rosaline, married William Sim Murray, M.D., +surgeon, 66th Foot, 1867.</p> + +<p>II. John Shakespeare's first wife, Mary Davenport, died in 1793; and he +married, secondly, Charlotte, the daughter of —— Fletcher, Esq., by +whom he had a son—</p> + +<p>5. Owen, who died unmarried, and two daughters, Georgiana and Henrietta +Matilda. His second wife, Charlotte, died in 1815, and he died January +16, 1825, and was buried at Lacock Abbey.</p> + +<p>III. The alderman's third son, David, settled in Jamaica, and left a +family, whose descendants still exist there. In 1867 the Hon. John +Shakespear, grandson of David, was a member of the Legislature and +proprietor of Hodges-Penn, St. Elizabeth's parish.</p> + +<p>IV. I have been unable to find particulars of Samuel, the fourth son.</p> + +<p>V. Colin, the fifth son of the alderman, was in the East India Company's +Civil Service, as collector at Saharapore. He married Harriet Dawson, +and his daughter Harriet married William Woodcock, Esq.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p> + +<p>The alderman's eldest daughter Sarah married Joseph Sage; his second +daughter, Anne, John Blagrove, of Cardiff Hall, Jamaica; his third, +Martha, the Rev. John William Lloyd, of Aston Hall, co. Salop; his +fourth, Mary, Laver Oliver, Esq., to whose children the rope-factory +descended.</p> + +<p>Whatever may have been the fortunes of the other branches, it is very +clear that the chief modern Shakespeares have descended from the +Shadwell stock. John Shakespear, the second son of the Alderman, left a +memorandum declaring his belief that the family was derived from the +poet's grandfather. There has as yet, however, been found no proof of +any such connection, though it is perfectly possible that it existed. If +Richard, of Snitterfield, was the father of John, Henry, and Thomas, +there were two possible lines of descent. Henry may have had children +christened at other places than Snitterfield, whose descent no one has +traced. Thomas had a son John, born in 1581-82, clearly too old to have +been the first John of Shadwell. He <i>may</i> have had a son of the proper +age; but, as I have stated above, I have found no John of the right age, +except John, son of Thomas.</p> + +<p>A Hannah<a name="FNanchor_360_359" id="FNanchor_360_359"></a><a href="#Footnote_360_359" class="fnanchor">[360]</a> Shakespeare, born 1777, is mentioned in the pedigree of +Esterby and Sootheran.</p> + +<p>Henry Shakespear, of London, was a broker Loriner, 1775, connected with +Hertford (see p. 137).</p> + +<p>On June 29, 1794, was baptized Joshua,<a name="FNanchor_361_360" id="FNanchor_361_360"></a><a href="#Footnote_361_360" class="fnanchor">[361]</a> son of Thomas and Ann +Shakespeare.</p> + +<p>A warm eulogy of the charity and virtues of William Shakespeare, Esq., +of Hart Street, Bloomsbury, who died in January, 1799, aged +seventy-three, is given in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i><a name="FNanchor_362_361" id="FNanchor_362_361"></a><a href="#Footnote_362_361" class="fnanchor">[362]</a> of that date; +and in May of the same year the death is noticed, in Paddington, of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span> +George Shakespeare, Esq., son of the late George Shakespeare, Esq., of +Walton-upon-Thames, and Pimlico, Middlesex.<a name="FNanchor_363_362" id="FNanchor_363_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_363_362" class="fnanchor">[363]</a></p> + +<p>M. L. Jeny, in <i>L'Intermédiaire</i>, March 25, 1889, states that "he had +read in <i>L'Abeille du Cher</i> of Friday, November 18, 1836, that a poor +old man of seventy-seven, named George Shakspeare, was found dying with +cold and hunger in the middle of the frightful night of Wednesday +preceding, in Clarence Street, London, and was taken to the Hospital, +and died there. He was one of the poet's descendants."<a name="FNanchor_364_363" id="FNanchor_364_363"></a><a href="#Footnote_364_363" class="fnanchor">[364]</a></p> + +<p>So late as November, 1880, there was a Mrs. Anne Shakespeare who died at +Brighton, aged 102.<a name="FNanchor_365_364" id="FNanchor_365_364"></a><a href="#Footnote_365_364" class="fnanchor">[365]</a></p> + +<p>There are several American branches of Shakespeares, some of them +literary, and two of the name are settled in Vancouver's Island.<a name="FNanchor_366_365" id="FNanchor_366_365"></a><a href="#Footnote_366_365" class="fnanchor">[366]</a></p> + +<p>Among the list of authors<a name="FNanchor_367_366" id="FNanchor_367_366"></a><a href="#Footnote_367_366" class="fnanchor">[367]</a> we find the names of Alexander +Shakespear, on the "North-West Provinces of India," 1848; Edward +Shakespear, "A Book of Divinity," 1740; and Sophia Shakespear, 1753, a +biography; Henry Shakespear, "Province of Bengal," 1824, and "Wild +Sports of India," 1860; H. W. Shakespear's "Refutation of Mr. Tryon," +1847; John Shakespear's Hindustani books; Emily Shakespeare's "Tennyson +Birthday Book," 1877; and Mrs. O. Shakespear, a novel, in 1895. Edward +O. Shakespeare, of Washington, U.S.A., has a medical work on +"Inflammation."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span></p> + +<p>Mr. Russell French, from whose pages I have gleaned the bulk of the +facts concerning these modern Shakespeares, expatiates on the glories of +the later Shakespeare marriages. By the Currie alliance he traces back +descent to the royal Scottish families of the Bruces and the Stewarts; +by the Talbot alliance he traces back their pedigree to Edward I.; by +the Davenport alliance he again connects them with the Ardens, through +Sir Thomas Leighton and the eighth Lord Zouch, who married Joan, +daughter of Sir John Denham, by his wife Joan, daughter and heir of Sir +Richard Archer, who married Joan, the second daughter and coheir of +Giles de Arden, grandson of Sir Robert de Arden, the descendant of +Turchil; but these rather tend to glorify the modern branches than the +poet's name.</p> + +<p>It were to be desired that there were more concerted study of registers +and other records concerning the name. Much more might thus be found, +and much of the energy now dissipated in futile searches might be +utilized in connecting the scattered links, because the study of +genealogy is the ancient form of the very modern inquiries into heredity +which interest so many followers of Mr. Francis Galton. It is after all +worth knowing who were the ancestors of William Shakespeare, what +heroic, chivalric, poetic, philosophic strains went to form the nature +of the perfect poet; and it is of mildly sentimental interest to us that +we should know whether any of his line is left on the earth. Of +sentimental interest, I say, for rarely, if ever, does genius repeat +itself, nor do different environing circumstances weld and mould genius +in the same way. Its nature is very easy to kill, or dwarf, or distort, +but it is our excuse for being concerned with those who bear the +honoured name.</p> + +<p>In the unsatisfactory inquiries relating to Shake<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span>speare's ancestors I +have exhausted all that I can find concerning his father's family; but +so much remains to be said concerning his mother's family, that in +consideration of the old proverb, "like mother, like son," it has seemed +to me worth incorporating into this volume some account of the Ardens.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_312_311" id="Footnote_312_311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_312_311"><span class="label">[312]</span></a> Churchwardens' Accounts of Thurston Amere and William +Combes, from June 8, 1538, to May 8, 1540, 48th week, 1st year.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_313_312" id="Footnote_313_312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_313_312"><span class="label">[313]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Seventh Series, vii. 483, June 22, +1889. Compare Third Series, iii. 318; Third Series, viii. 418; Savage's +"Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers in New England," ii. 528; +John Timbs' "Curiosities of London," ed. 1855, p. 238, and ed. 1867, p. +297; "Annals of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate," 221, 322.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_314_313" id="Footnote_314_313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_314_313"><span class="label">[314]</span></a> Subsidy Rolls, London, Ward of Billingsgate and others, +39 Eliz., 146/369, P.R.O.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_315_314" id="Footnote_315_314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_315_314"><span class="label">[315]</span></a> Marriage Licenses, Faculty Office, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_316_315" id="Footnote_316_315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_316_315"><span class="label">[316]</span></a> Bishop of London's Marriage Licenses, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_317_316" id="Footnote_317_316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_317_316"><span class="label">[317]</span></a> Register, St. James's, Clerkenwell.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_318_317" id="Footnote_318_317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_318_317"><span class="label">[318]</span></a> Registers of Christ Church, Newgate Street, Harl. Soc. +Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_319_318" id="Footnote_319_318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_319_318"><span class="label">[319]</span></a> He died 1598, and was at one time connected with the +Theatre as shareholder. <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Seventh Series, vii. 188.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_320_319" id="Footnote_320_319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_320_319"><span class="label">[320]</span></a> Registers of St. James's, Clerkenwell, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_321_320" id="Footnote_321_320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_321_320"><span class="label">[321]</span></a> Account of the Treasurer of the Chamber, 1572, <i>et seq.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_322_321" id="Footnote_322_321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_322_321"><span class="label">[322]</span></a> "Archæologia," vol. xiii., appendix, p. 403.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_323_322" id="Footnote_323_322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_323_322"><span class="label">[323]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Seventh Series, ii. 247.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_324_323" id="Footnote_324_323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_324_323"><span class="label">[324]</span></a> Registers of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_325_324" id="Footnote_325_324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_325_324"><span class="label">[325]</span></a> Churchwarden's Accounts, St. Martin's-in-the-Fields.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_326_325" id="Footnote_326_325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_326_325"><span class="label">[326]</span></a> Bishop of London's Licenses, Harl. Soc. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_327_326" id="Footnote_327_326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_327_326"><span class="label">[327]</span></a> Registers of the Church of St. Bride's.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_328_327" id="Footnote_328_327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_328_327"><span class="label">[328]</span></a> Registers of the Church of St. Bride's.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_329_328" id="Footnote_329_328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_329_328"><span class="label">[329]</span></a> Among the expenses of the Royal Household are entered: +1621—"To John Shakespeare for one gilt bit for the sadle aforesayd £3 +13<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> To John Shakespeare for fourteen bittes, guilt silvered and +chased, at £5 10<i>s.</i> a peice. For one payre of bosses, richly enamelled, +52<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, £73 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> For 7 bittes for the sadles aforesayd at +52<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, £18 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>"—"Early Illustrations of +Shakespeare," published by the Shakespeare Society.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_330_329" id="Footnote_330_329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_330_329"><span class="label">[330]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Car. I., ccclxxiv. 20, Docquet.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_331_330" id="Footnote_331_330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_331_330"><span class="label">[331]</span></a> State Papers, Irish, Dublin Castle, Vol. M., p. 338. +<i>Notes and Queries</i>, First Series, vi. 289, 495.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_332_331" id="Footnote_332_331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_332_331"><span class="label">[332]</span></a> Somerset House, 268, Aylett.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_333_332" id="Footnote_333_332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_333_332"><span class="label">[333]</span></a> The Registers of St. Thomas Apostle, London.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_334_333" id="Footnote_334_333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_334_333"><span class="label">[334]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Car. I., lxxvi. 41.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_335_334" id="Footnote_335_334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_335_334"><span class="label">[335]</span></a> Somerset House, 249, Aston.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_336_335" id="Footnote_336_335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_336_335"><span class="label">[336]</span></a> Lic. Fac. Office, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_337_336" id="Footnote_337_336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_337_336"><span class="label">[337]</span></a> Reg. of St. George's, Hanover Square.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_338_337" id="Footnote_338_337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_338_337"><span class="label">[338]</span></a> Marriage Licenses, Bishop of London, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_339_338" id="Footnote_339_338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_339_338"><span class="label">[339]</span></a> Bishop of London's Licenses, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_340_339" id="Footnote_340_339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_340_339"><span class="label">[340]</span></a> Foster's "Alumni Oxonienses."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_341_340" id="Footnote_341_340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_341_340"><span class="label">[341]</span></a> Bishop of London's Mar. Lic., Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_342_341" id="Footnote_342_341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_342_341"><span class="label">[342]</span></a> Somerset House, 248, Aston.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_343_342" id="Footnote_343_342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_343_342"><span class="label">[343]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third Series, vii. 175.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_344_343" id="Footnote_344_343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_344_343"><span class="label">[344]</span></a> "Book of Apprentices," 1666-1736, f. 756</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_345_344" id="Footnote_345_344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_345_344"><span class="label">[345]</span></a> His son stated that he was seventy-seven at the time of +his death, in 1689, but his marriage certificate makes him younger. +"Publications and Marriages, 1654: John Shakespear, of Ratcliffe +Highway, ropemaker, aged thirty-five, and Martha Seeley, of Wapping +Wall, mayde, nineteen years. Married before John Waterton, Esquire, on +ye 14th June. Richard Mathews, Robert Connolly, witnesses" (French, +547). He might have been a son of John, son of Thomas of Snitterfield, +b. 1582.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_346_345" id="Footnote_346_345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_346_345"><span class="label">[346]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i> Second Series, x. 188, 402; Third +Series, vii. 498.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_347_346" id="Footnote_347_346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_347_346"><span class="label">[347]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., 1656-57, Commonwealth, cliii., +Nos. 55, 56.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_348_347" id="Footnote_348_347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_348_347"><span class="label">[348]</span></a> "Misc. Gen. et Herald.," Second Series, v., 371, and +Merchant Tailors' "Book of Apprentices."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_349_348" id="Footnote_349_348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_349_348"><span class="label">[349]</span></a> Bishop of London's Marriage Licenses, Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_350_349" id="Footnote_350_349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_350_349"><span class="label">[350]</span></a> Herbert's "Twelve Livery Companies."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_351_350" id="Footnote_351_350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_351_350"><span class="label">[351]</span></a> <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, 1805.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_352_351" id="Footnote_352_351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_352_351"><span class="label">[352]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, 1818.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_353_352" id="Footnote_353_352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_353_352"><span class="label">[353]</span></a> French, 551, and <i>Times</i>, April, 1867.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_354_353" id="Footnote_354_353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_354_353"><span class="label">[354]</span></a> "Dict. Nat. Biog."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_355_354" id="Footnote_355_354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_355_354"><span class="label">[355]</span></a> Register of Charterhouse Chapel.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_356_355" id="Footnote_356_355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_356_355"><span class="label">[356]</span></a> French, p. 556.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_357_356" id="Footnote_357_356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_357_356"><span class="label">[357]</span></a> A writer in <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Sixth Series, i. 494, +speaks of a "large silver salver bearing a lion passant and a leopard's +head crowned. In the centre are the arms and crest of Shakespeare, and +on an escutcheon of pretence three stags' heads caboshed. It bears the +inscription, 'William Powlett Powlett, Esq., D.D. William Powlett +Shakspear, 1821.' There is a legend this was made from plate owned by +the poet. What is the date of the salver?"</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_358_357" id="Footnote_358_357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_358_357"><span class="label">[358]</span></a> <i>Times</i>, June 13, 1864, and <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Third +Series, vii. 498.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_359_358" id="Footnote_359_358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_359_358"><span class="label">[359]</span></a> Foster's "Alumni Oxonienses."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_360_359" id="Footnote_360_359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_360_359"><span class="label">[360]</span></a> "Misc. Gen. et Herald.," New Series, i., p. 143.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_361_360" id="Footnote_361_360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_361_360"><span class="label">[361]</span></a> Register of St. Bartholomew the Less.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_362_361" id="Footnote_362_361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_362_361"><span class="label">[362]</span></a> <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. lxix., p. 83.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_363_362" id="Footnote_363_362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_363_362"><span class="label">[363]</span></a> Manning and Bray's "Surrey," vol. ii., under +Walton-upon-Thames, mentions the tomb of Matthew Shakespear and of +George, aged fifteen, August 8, 1775; John Shakespear, of Weybridge, +January 3, 1775, aged sixty-seven; William, January 23, 1783, aged +seventy-seven; also of George Shakespear of Oxford Street, London, late +of this parish, architect, who died March 29, 1797, in the +seventy-fourth year of his age.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_364_363" id="Footnote_364_363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_364_363"><span class="label">[364]</span></a> <i>Notes and Queries</i>, Seventh Series, viii. 89.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_365_364" id="Footnote_365_364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_365_364"><span class="label">[365]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, Sixth Series, ii. 53.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_366_365" id="Footnote_366_365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_366_365"><span class="label">[366]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, Third Series, ix. 346, 398.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_367_366" id="Footnote_367_366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_367_366"><span class="label">[367]</span></a> British Museum Catalogues.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><i>PART II</i></h2> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h3>THE PARK HALL ARDENS</h3> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"No Saint George was born in England:</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">He was but an Eastern saint;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And the Dragon never vexed him,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As the later legends paint.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"But our Saint was born in Berkshire,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And to Warwick linked his name;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'Twas <i>Saint Guy</i> who killed the Dragon—</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Quenched the Giant Colbrand's fame."—C. C. S.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<p>Few families in the country have a descent so nationally interesting as +that of the Ardens. Great Norman families who "came in with the +Conqueror" are numerous enough, but there are few that claim to be +"merely English," and have such a record to show. The fables that have +grown around the memory of the hero do not invalidate the pedigree. +Rohand was Earl of Warwick in the days of King Alfred and King Edward +the Elder, when the title was an official one, not necessarily +hereditary, save of the King's will. Rohand was a great warrior, and was +enriched with great possessions. He dwelt in the Royal Castle of +Warwick,<a name="FNanchor_368_367" id="FNanchor_368_367"></a><a href="#Footnote_368_367" class="fnanchor">[368]</a> said by Rous to have been founded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span> by the British King +Cymbeline, enlarged by his son Guiderius, and repaired by Ethelfleda, +daughter of King Alfred, the Lady of Mercia. Rohand had one fair +daughter and heir, Phillis, or Felicia, who demanded great proofs of +valour in her suitors. She at last consented to marry the famous hero +Guy, slayer of the Northern Dragon,<a name="FNanchor_369_368" id="FNanchor_369_368"></a><a href="#Footnote_369_368" class="fnanchor">[369]</a> son of Siward, Baron of +Wallingford, whom the Welsh claim as British by descent. Dugdale<a name="FNanchor_370_369" id="FNanchor_370_369"></a><a href="#Footnote_370_369" class="fnanchor">[370]</a> +says that in her right Guy became Earl of Warwick, though of course this +was only possible through the King's favour. Some difficulties are +brought forward by Mr. Pegge.<a name="FNanchor_371_370" id="FNanchor_371_370"></a><a href="#Footnote_371_370" class="fnanchor">[371]</a> Some time after his marriage, says +the legend, Guy went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and on his +return, in the third year of King Athelstan, 926, he found the kingdom +in great peril from an invasion of the Danes. They were, however, secure +in their faith in their champion, Colbrand the Giant, willing to leave +the issue to the result of a single contest between him and any of the +King's knights. King Athelstan's chief warriors were either dead or +abroad, and he mourned in his spirit. A vision revealed to him that he +must welcome at the gate of Winchester an unknown pilgrim as the +defender of the country. The King obeyed the vision in faith, +unwittingly welcomed Guy, and laid on him the responsibility of becoming +the national champion.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;"> +<img src="images/imagep162.jpg" width="650" height="476" alt="WARWICK CASTLE." title="" /> +<span class="caption">WARWICK CASTLE.<br /> + +<i>To face p. 162.</i></span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p> + +<p>Footsore, half-starved, and far from young, the pilgrim required rest +before he dared prudently attack the Danish opponent. At the end of +three weeks, however, he triumphantly encountered the giant, and the +Danes kept their promise and retired. The pilgrim, who refused to reveal +his name or receive any reward, also departed. He found that his son and +heir, Raynborn, had been stolen away, and that his faithful servant +Heraud was abroad in search of him. Affected by the strange religious +notions of the day, he returned to Warwick, not to gladden the heart of +his sorrowing spouse, but to receive charity at her hands among other +poor men for three days, and then to retire to a hermitage at a cliff +near Warwick, since called Guy's Cliff. There he remained till his death +in 929, in the seventieth year of his age.<a name="FNanchor_372_371" id="FNanchor_372_371"></a><a href="#Footnote_372_371" class="fnanchor">[372]</a> He sent a herdsman with +his wedding-ring to tell his wife of his death, bidding her come to him +and bury him properly, and she should shortly afterwards follow him. She +fulfilled his wishes, set her house in order, left her paternal +inheritance to her son Raynborn, and within a fortnight was laid beside +her ascetic hero.</p> + +<p>Heraud succeeded in finding young Raynborn in Russia, to whom, on his +return, the grateful King Athelstan gave his beautiful daughter Leonetta +in marriage. He, too, seems to have been of a wandering disposition. He +died abroad, and lies buried in an island near the city of Venice. He +left a brave son, Wegeat, or Wigatus, at home to succeed him, who was +noted for his liberality to the Church, in which virtue, however, his +son and successor, Huve,<a name="FNanchor_373_372" id="FNanchor_373_372"></a><a href="#Footnote_373_372" class="fnanchor">[373]</a> or Uva,<a name="FNanchor_374_373" id="FNanchor_374_373"></a><a href="#Footnote_374_373" class="fnanchor">[374]</a> seems to have exceeded him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p> + +<p>Huve died about the beginning of the reign of King Edward the Martyr, +and Wolgeat, his son, succeeded him. In early life<a name="FNanchor_375_374" id="FNanchor_375_374"></a><a href="#Footnote_375_374" class="fnanchor">[375]</a> he enjoyed the +special favour of King Ethelred, but was deprived, at least for a time, +of his honours and possessions about 1006. It was probably during the +disorganized state of the earldom, in consequence of his "evil courses," +that the Danes ravaged it so frequently. Wigod, or Wigotus, his son, a +potent man and a great warrior, succeeded to the earldom, and enjoyed it +during the latter part of the reign of King Ethelred, and through the +reigns of King Edmund and the Danish Kings. He married Ermenhild, the +sister of the famous Leofric, Earl of Coventry and Leicester in the time +of Edward the Confessor. His son, Ailwin, Earl of Warwick, was +contemporary with King Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror. +Turchil, son and heir<a name="FNanchor_376_375" id="FNanchor_376_375"></a><a href="#Footnote_376_375" class="fnanchor">[376]</a> of Ailwin (Harleian MS., 853, says +"grandson"), was Earl at the Conquest. His first wife was the Countess +of Perche; his second, Leverunia, grand-daughter of Leofric. In the +Conqueror's Survey he is called <i>Vice-Comes</i> rather than <i>Comes</i>, but +this seems to have arisen from the royal interest in the castle, and the +direct service he owed the King, though some authorities state that he +was under Leofric, Earl of Mercia. He fought with William against +Harold, and was ostensibly left in full possession of all his lands, +rights and privileges. He is called Turchil of Warwick by the Normans, +but Turchil of Eardene, or of the Woodland, by himself, being one of the +first to adopt the Norman habit of local names. In Domesday Book, begun +in the fourteenth year of the Conqueror,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span> he is entered as in possession +of forty-nine manors in Warwickshire, among which were Curdworth, +Coughton, Rotley, Rodbourn, Compton (Winyate), Nuneaton. Warwick town +and castle were recorded as belonging to the King. He had but a +life-interest, however, his son, Siward, receiving none of them as his +heir, but by favour of the King.</p> + +<p>The title of Earl of Warwick was given by William the Conqueror to Henry +de Novoborgo, or Newburgh, younger son of Roger de Bellomont, Earl of +Mellent, and William Rufus added to the gift the whole of Turchil's +lands, including even those given away by himself and his ancestors to +the Church. It was a hard lesson to friendly Saxon noblemen. A gloss of +justice, or at least of consideration, was shown in the marriage of +Henry de Novoborgo to Margaret, one of the daughters of Turchil, and +sister of Siward de Arderne.<a name="FNanchor_377_376" id="FNanchor_377_376"></a><a href="#Footnote_377_376" class="fnanchor">[377]</a></p> + +<p>Turchil's sons were Siward de Ardena, Ralph of Hampton,<a name="FNanchor_378_377" id="FNanchor_378_377"></a><a href="#Footnote_378_377" class="fnanchor">[378]</a> William, +and Peter the Monk of Thorney, by his first wife, and Osbert by his +second wife. Some of their lands were left to the Ardens by grace of the +Novoborgos, who became their overlords. These lands were gradually +diminished by devotion to the Church, by the increase of the family, and +division of the properties, though this was somewhat balanced by wealthy +marriages.</p> + +<p>Siward by his wife Cecilia had a large family: Hugh de Rotley<a name="FNanchor_379_378" id="FNanchor_379_378"></a><a href="#Footnote_379_378" class="fnanchor">[379]</a> +(dapifer or sewer to his kinsman William de Newburgh), Henry de Arden, +Joseph, Richard, Osbert, Galfridus, a monk of Coventry,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> Cecilia, +Felicia. Osbert, his stepbrother, was the father of Osbert, Philip,<a name="FNanchor_380_379" id="FNanchor_380_379"></a><a href="#Footnote_380_379" class="fnanchor">[380]</a> +Peter de Arden, and Amicia, who became the wife of Peter de Bracebridge, +and the ancestress of the Bracebridges of Kingsbury, seat of the Mercian +Kings. Her brother Osbert had daughters only, Amabilia and Adeliza, who +left no children.</p> + +<p>The main line was carried on by Henry de Arden, son of Siward, who +married Oliva, and whose eldest son and heir was Thomas de Arden, of +Curdworth (9 John). He had also William de Arden of Rodburn, Herbert, +and Letitia. Thomas de Arden married Eustachia, widow of Savaricius de +Malaleone, and had a son of his own name, Sir Thomas de Arden of Rotley +and Spratton, who took part with Simon de Montfort and the rebellious +Barons, 48 Henry III. This cost him dear. In 9 Edward I. he handed over, +either in sale, lease, or trust, his lands in Curdworth to Hugh de +Vienna; to the Knights Templars the interest he had in Riton; in 15 +Edward I., to Nicholas de Eton the manor of Rotley, and to Thomas Arden +de Hanwell and Rose his wife, Pedimore, Curdworth, Norhull, Winworth, +Echenours, and Overton, and made a covenant with William de Beauchamp +and Maud, his wife, of all his fees throughout England.</p> + +<p>It is not probable that Turchil, the last Saxon Earl of Warwick, bore +anything that might be strictly called armorial bearings. When the +heiress of the Novoborgos married into their family, the Beauchamps +added to their own the Newburgh arms. But they used them in a peculiar +way, as if they considered they were associated, not so much with the +family as with the earldom. Only the eldest sons bore the Chevron +chequy, the rest of the family bore the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> Beauchamp crosses crosslet. In +some such way the Ardens also seem to have made a similar distinction, +though in later times the meaning was occasionally forgotten, and the +usage became confused.</p> + +<p>Drummond suggests that the Ardens might also have borne these arms to +suggest that they, too, had a claim to the earldom of Warwick. The arms +Thomas bore were Chequy or and azure, a chevron gules, which his +ancestors assumed to show they held their lands from the Earls of +Warwick, whose Chevron was Ermine on the like field.<a name="FNanchor_381_380" id="FNanchor_381_380"></a><a href="#Footnote_381_380" class="fnanchor">[381]</a></p> + +<p>The descendants of William of Rodburne,<a name="FNanchor_382_381" id="FNanchor_382_381"></a><a href="#Footnote_382_381" class="fnanchor">[382]</a> the second son of Henry de +Ardern, were more fortunate than their cousins. Thomas de Draiton was +the elder, and William de Rodburne the younger. Thomas married Lucia (6 +John), and had Thomas de Arden of Hanwell, Sir Robert de Arderne de +Draiton, and Ralph.<a name="FNanchor_383_382" id="FNanchor_383_382"></a><a href="#Footnote_383_382" class="fnanchor">[383]</a> Thomas,<a name="FNanchor_384_383" id="FNanchor_384_383"></a><a href="#Footnote_384_383" class="fnanchor">[384]</a> who bore as arms Ermine a fesse +chequy, or and azure, as now borne, married Rose, daughter of Ralph de +Vernon, with whom he obtained the lordship of Hanwell. He was living in +1287, and had a son, Thomas, who presented to the church of Holdenby, +1334. This Thomas married Johanna de —— (?), and had an only daughter, +Joan, who married Sir John Swynford. Ralph married Alicia de Bellocampo.</p> + +<p>Sir Robert de Arderne de Draiton married Nichola,<a name="FNanchor_385_384" id="FNanchor_385_384"></a><a href="#Footnote_385_384" class="fnanchor">[385]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> widow of William +de Boutvilein. His son, Sir Giles, had a son, also Sir Giles. This +latter had an only daughter, Margaret, who married Ludovic Greville, and +carried Draiton into the possession of that Warwickshire family.</p> + +<p>Ralph, son of Ralph, the second son of Thomas of Hanwell, married +Isabella, daughter of Anselm de Bromwich, and lived at Pedmore, +Warwickshire, 16 Edward II. In 17 Edward II. he was certified to be one +of the principal esquires in the county. His son, Sir John, was knighted +33 Edward III., and bore for his arms the same as his ancestor, Thomas +of Hanwell: Ermine, a fesse chequy or and az. He had only one daughter +and heir, Rose, who married Thomas Pakeson, afterwards an outlaw. To +John succeeded in Curdworth his brother Henry, whose wife was Elena, the +first to establish himself in Park Hall, which was confirmed to him by +Sir John de Botecourt, 47 Edward III., releasing him of all service, +save only of an annual red rose. He was devoted to Thomas de Beauchamp, +then Earl of Warwick, who granted him several other manors, also on +payment of a red rose. In 4 Richard II. his niece, Rose, released to him +her interest in Pedmore, Curdworth, Winworth, Sutton, and Norhull, of +her father's inheritance. Sir Henry bore the fesse chequy or and az., +with three crescents for difference,<a name="FNanchor_386_385" id="FNanchor_386_385"></a><a href="#Footnote_386_385" class="fnanchor">[386]</a> before his brother's death +(see Roll, Edward III., and arms in Lapworth Church). He left his son, +Sir Ralph, heir, who served under the Earl of Warwick at the siege of +Calais.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p> + +<p>Ralph settled on his mother, Elena, for life, the manors of Wapenham and +Sulgrave, in Northamptonshire, with remainder to his brothers Geoffrey +and William. He married Sibilla (2 Henry V.), and left by her two sons, +Robert and Peter.<a name="FNanchor_387_386" id="FNanchor_387_386"></a><a href="#Footnote_387_386" class="fnanchor">[387]</a> Robert was from the age of eight years a ward of +Joan Beauchamp, Lady of Bergavenny. He married Elizabeth, daughter and +heir of Richard de Clodeshall; was in the King's service, was Sheriff of +the County, and Knight of the Shire. He sided with the Yorkists in the +Wars of the Roses, was taken, attainted of high treason by James, Earl +of Wiltshire, and other judges appointed to try such cases, and was +condemned. He was executed on Saturday after the Feast of St. Laurence +the Martyr, 30 Henry VI. The custody of his lands was granted to Thomas +Littleton, Serjeant-at-Law, Thomas Greswold and John Gamell, Esquires.</p> + +<p>Two years after his death his son Walter obtained the King's precept to +his escheator to hand over the lands of his mother's inheritance to him, +and shortly afterwards he secured his father's also. He married Eleanor, +daughter of John Hampden of Hampden, in Buckinghamshire, and appears in +the register of the Guild of Knowle, 1457, with his "wife Alianore." He +had a large family, each of them in some special point interesting to +the genealogist, and therefore worthy of some attention and of careful +detail. It must not be forgotten that his father's attainder and the +Wars of the Roses had temporarily crippled the resources of the family.</p> + +<p>Walter Arden's will, July 31, 1502, is preserved at Somerset House,<a name="FNanchor_388_387" id="FNanchor_388_387"></a><a href="#Footnote_388_387" class="fnanchor">[388]</a> +an interesting will in many ways. His eldest son and heir was John, +Esquire of the Body to Henry VII., who was to pay 20 marks for his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> +funeral. "Item. I will that my sonne Thomas have during his lief x marc, +which I have given him; and that my sonne Martyn have the manor of +Nafford during his lief, accordyng as I thereof made him astate yf it +canne be recorded, and yf not, thenne I will that the same Martyn and +every of my other sonnes, Robert, Henry and William have eche of them 5 +marc by yere during eche of their lives, and that my feoffees of my +landes make eche of them a sufficient astate of londes & tenements to +the yerely value of 5 marc during every of their lives." He left his +wife, Eleanor, executrix, Edward Belknap and John Bracebridge, Squiers, +and John Boteler of Solihull, overseers, "Richard Slystre, Vicar of +Aston, John Charnell<a name="FNanchor_389_388" id="FNanchor_389_388"></a><a href="#Footnote_389_388" class="fnanchor">[389]</a> & Thomas Ardern,<a name="FNanchor_390_389" id="FNanchor_390_389"></a><a href="#Footnote_390_389" class="fnanchor">[390]</a> Squiers, witnesses."</p> + +<p>Dugdale seems to have read the will, and is interested in the mortuary +bequest, but, curiously enough, supposes Martin to be older than Thomas. +Perhaps this error arose from the testator's desire to settle Natford +upon Martin. This does not seem to have been so settled. Martin had his +five marks, married an heiress, Margery East, settled at Euston, in +Oxfordshire, and appears in the Visitations there, associated with the +Easts and the Gibbons. Robert was the Arden made Yeoman of the King's +Chamber, a presumption made definite by Leland's<a name="FNanchor_391_390" id="FNanchor_391_390"></a><a href="#Footnote_391_390" class="fnanchor">[391]</a> remark that "Arden +of the Court was younger brother to Sir John Arden, of Park Hall." On +February 22,<a name="FNanchor_392_391" id="FNanchor_392_391"></a><a href="#Footnote_392_391" class="fnanchor">[392]</a> 17 Henry VII., he received a Royal Patent as Keeper of +the Park at Altcar, Lancashire; another, as Bailiff of Codmore,<a name="FNanchor_393_392" id="FNanchor_393_392"></a><a href="#Footnote_393_392" class="fnanchor">[393]</a> +Derby, and Keeper of the Royal Park there; a third<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> gave him Yoxall for +life,<a name="FNanchor_394_393" id="FNanchor_394_393"></a><a href="#Footnote_394_393" class="fnanchor">[394]</a> apparently, however, for a payment of £42.</p> + +<p>A Robert Arden, who had been Escheator to the Crown for Nottingham and +Derby under Henry VII., received a new patent 2 Henry VIII.<a name="FNanchor_395_394" id="FNanchor_395_394"></a><a href="#Footnote_395_394" class="fnanchor">[395]</a> On June +28, 7 Henry VIII., order to cancel five recognizances amounting to £200; +one made by Robert Arderne, of Holme, co. Notts, may concern the same +gentleman.<a name="FNanchor_396_395" id="FNanchor_396_395"></a><a href="#Footnote_396_395" class="fnanchor">[396]</a></p> + +<p>Henry seems to have died young. William settled at Hawnes,<a name="FNanchor_397_396" id="FNanchor_397_396"></a><a href="#Footnote_397_396" class="fnanchor">[397]</a> in +Bedfordshire, bore as arms three cross-crosslets fitchée or, on a chief +of the second, a martlet for difference. He seems to have died before +his eldest brother. He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Francklin of +Thurley in County Bedford, and widow of George Thrale. His son Thomas +married Anne, daughter of Richard Bowles of Wallington and widow of +Thomas Gonnel. His daughter Joan married John Moore; his daughter +Elizabeth married John Lee of Harlington.</p> + +<p>Thomas certainly survived Sir John, Henry, and possibly also William. +Sir John married Alice d. of Richard Bracebridge of Kingsbury, and died +in 1526. His will was drawn up on June 4 of that year.<a name="FNanchor_398_397" id="FNanchor_398_397"></a><a href="#Footnote_398_397" class="fnanchor">[398]</a> After +various bequests to churches, he left some special heirlooms to his son +and heir, Thomas, to his son John an annuity from Natford of five marks +a year for life, with other land, and gifts to him, his wife, and <i>their +heirs</i>. "Item. I will that my brothers Thomas, Martin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> & Robert have +their fees during their lives." That is, it may be remembered, ten marks +for Thomas, and five marks each for the other two. "Item. I will that +Rauf Vale and Hugh Colyns<a name="FNanchor_399_398" id="FNanchor_399_398"></a><a href="#Footnote_399_398" class="fnanchor">[399]</a> have their fees as they have had during +their lives." Bequests of furniture were left to "my daughter Geys +Braylys," "my daughter Katerine <i>Muklowe</i>,"<a name="FNanchor_400_399" id="FNanchor_400_399"></a><a href="#Footnote_400_399" class="fnanchor">[400]</a> "my daughter Brown," +"my daughter Margaret Kambur," "my sister Margaret Abell," "my sister +Alice Buklond," "my son Thomas Bralis." To Joane Hewes, Agnes Abell, +John Charnell, various remembrances, his son Thomas to be sole executor, +Sir John Willoughby overseer; witnesses, Martin Ardern, Robert Ardern, +Symon Broke, clerk; John Charnell, John Croke, Rauf Vale. The will was +proved June 27, 1526.</p> + +<p>Where was Thomas, son of Walter, meanwhile? I have only been able to +find two of the name contemporary with the cadet of Park Hall. A Thomas +Arden of Saint Martin's Outwich, London, citizen and clothworker, on +November 29, 1549, drew up a short will,<a name="FNanchor_401_400" id="FNanchor_401_400"></a><a href="#Footnote_401_400" class="fnanchor">[401]</a> leaving his wife, Agnes, +his sole heir and executrix, proved January, 1549. I endeavoured to +learn if by chance he had come from Warwickshire, but the +apprentice-books of the company do not begin early enough. There was a +commercial family of Ardens in London, of whom he more probably was a +member. The possibility of his being a Warwickshire man I thought worthy +of careful consideration, but have been able to bring no further facts +forward.</p> + +<p>There was also a Thomas Arden of Long Itchington<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> mentioned in the +Subsidy Lists, whose will is preserved at Lichfield.</p> + +<p>The other Thomas Arden was settled at Wilmecote, in the parish of Aston +Cantlow, on lands formerly owned by the Beauchamps. There is no record +how he acquired them. Aston Cantlow<a name="FNanchor_402_401" id="FNanchor_402_401"></a><a href="#Footnote_402_401" class="fnanchor">[402]</a> had been settled, with the +castle and Honour of Bergavenny, upon Sir William de Beauchamp, second +son to Thomas, Earl of Warwick. He died 12 Henry IV., and Richard +Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester, his son and heir, inherited all his lands. +Richard's daughter and heir, Elizabeth, married Sir Edward Neville, a +younger son to Ralph, Earl of Westmorland, who was forthwith summoned to +Parliament as Lord Bergavenny. Dugdale gives us the arms depicted on the +roof of the chancel of Aston Cantlow Church, three varieties: "Gules, a +fesse betwixt six cross-crosslets or" (Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick); +"Argent 6 cross-crosslets fichée Sable, upon a chief Azure two mullets +or" (Clinton, Earl of Huntingdon); "Argent, 3 cross-crosslets fichée +Sable upon a chief Azure a mullet and a Rose Or." But Dugdale does not +know the family this represents. Could it be a variety of the Ardens?</p> + +<p>The Thomas Arden who resided here paid subsidy of 26s. 8d. on £10 land, +being one of the largest landholders in the parish. He bought certain +lands at Snitterfield on May 16, 16 Henry VII., associated with certain +gentlemen whose names are suggestive, as I have shown on page 28. John +Mayowe transferred his property to Robert Throgmorton, Armiger,<a name="FNanchor_403_402" id="FNanchor_403_402"></a><a href="#Footnote_403_402" class="fnanchor">[403]</a> +afterwards knight, Thomas Trussell<a name="FNanchor_404_403" id="FNanchor_404_403"></a><a href="#Footnote_404_403" class="fnanchor">[404]</a> of Billesley, Roger Reynolds<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span> of +Henley in Arden, William Wood of Woodhouse, Thomas Arden of Wilmecote, +and Robert Arden, the son of this Thomas Arden. We know that Robert +Throgmorton was an intimate friend of the Ardens of Park Hall, and his +association with Thomas of Wilmecote strengthens the supposition that +the latter was the son of Walter. We know that this Thomas was the +father of Robert Arden, who was the father of Mary, Shakespeare's +mother, and her six sisters. It does not seem unlikely he bore arms, and +was the Esquire witness of Walter Arden's will, <i>who has never been +located elsewhere</i>. If he bore arms, it is more than likely that, as a +younger son, they were derived from <i>the Beauchamps</i>, and might even +have been those found by Dugdale in the Aston Cantlow Church, where he +was buried. It is probable that Robert bore the cross-crosslets with a +difference, as did his contemporary, William Arden of Hawnes. We have at +least Glover's<a name="FNanchor_405_404" id="FNanchor_405_404"></a><a href="#Footnote_405_404" class="fnanchor">[405]</a> testimony that among the arms of Warwickshire and +Bedfordshire are "Arden or Arderne gu, three cross-crosslets fitchée or; +on a chief of the second a martlet of the first. Crest, a plume of +feathers charged with a martlet or." When, therefore, John Shakespeare +made application to impale the arms of his wife in his new coat, it +might seem natural that the fesse chequy, arms of the head of the house, +should be struck out, and those substituted more customary for a younger +son, and probably borne by Thomas, his wife's grandfather, or by Robert +Arden, his wife's father.</p> + +<p>Thomas Arden, the son of Sir John, succeeded to Park Hall and the other +family estates in 1526. He married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Andrew +of Charnelton, by whom he had a large family: William, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span> eldest; +Simon, the second; George, the third, slain at Boulogne; Thomas, a +student of law; and Edward. His daughter Jocosa, or Joyce, married +Richard Cade, of London (see visitation of Hertfordshire, 1634); +Elizabeth married—Beaupré, Cicely married Henry Shirley, Mary married +Francis Waferer.</p> + +<p>William, the eldest son, died before his father. Simon, the second son +of Thomas of Park Hall, was a wonderful man, of whom there will be more +to say elsewhere. He was elected Sheriff of the County in 1569, and +bore, while in Warwickshire at least, the arms three +cross-crosslets<a name="FNanchor_406_405" id="FNanchor_406_405"></a><a href="#Footnote_406_405" class="fnanchor">[406]</a> and a chief or, without a difference. Shortly after +that time he purchased the property of Longcroft, in the Manor of +Yoxall, Staffordshire, and his descendants bear the fesse chequy, and +are noted in another county history.</p> + +<p>The will of William Arden does not seem to have been noted by the family +genealogists, probably because it was drawn up in London. The Calendar +at Somerset House enters it as "William Arden,<a name="FNanchor_407_406" id="FNanchor_407_406"></a><a href="#Footnote_407_406" class="fnanchor">[407]</a> of St. Brigyde, +London, and Saltley,<a name="FNanchor_408_407" id="FNanchor_408_407"></a><a href="#Footnote_408_407" class="fnanchor">[408]</a> Warwickshire," 7 July, 36 Henry VIII. Its +details shed much light on the fortunes of the family, especially in +relation to the other family wills. He had married Elizabeth, the +daughter of Edward Conway, of Arrow, and left two sons and eight +daughters. He desired to be buried in the "Parish Church of Saint +Brigyde in Fleet Street, within the suburbs of London," and left "to my +youngest sonne, Francis Arden, all my purchased land, which I purchased +of my grandfather's youngest son, John Arden, and another part lying<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span> +within the Lordship of Saltley.<a name="FNanchor_409_408" id="FNanchor_409_408"></a><a href="#Footnote_409_408" class="fnanchor">[409]</a> Item, I bequeath to him the lease I +have taken of my Lord Ferris for 31 years, which also lyeth within the +Lordship of Budbrooke, so that he come to his full age, and during his +nonage, the profits thereof to be taken up by mine overseers to the use +of my daughters. If it happen the said Francis to dye without lawful +issue, then I will my eldest sonne and heire, Edward Arden, when he +cometh to his full age, to enjoy the said purchased land and lease to +his heires. Item, I bequeath to the said Francis £6 13s. 4d., to be payd +yearely during the term of his naturall life, by the hands of my eldest +sonne, Edward Arden, when he cometh to his lands. Item, I give unto my +eight daughters, Anne,<a name="FNanchor_410_409" id="FNanchor_410_409"></a><a href="#Footnote_410_409" class="fnanchor">[410]</a> Ursuley, Brigid, Barbara, Joyce, Jane, +Urseley, and Fraunces Arden the whole rent that my ferme beareth me," +etc. "I bequeath to my brother, Edward Arden, my black Satin cote." "I +bequeathe my long gowne eggyd with velvet to my father, Thomas Arden, in +recompense of the money which he lent me, whom I make the Overseer of +this my will, with my father-in-law, Edward Conway." Edward Arden, his +son and heir, was to be sole executor. The witnesses were: Christopher +Drey, Francis Waferer (his brother-in-law), and John Tayloure, Vicar of +St. Brigyde, and it was proved April 14, 1546, by John, afterwards Sir +John Conway, uncle of the heir.</p> + +<p>William's father, Thomas, died in 5 Elizabeth, 1563. I have not traced +his will. Edward, son of William,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> succeeded him. This Edward had been +ward to Sir George Throckmorton, of Coughton (though his grandfather was +alive), and he married Mary, third daughter of Sir Robert Throckmorton. +Brodesley,<a name="FNanchor_411_410" id="FNanchor_411_410"></a><a href="#Footnote_411_410" class="fnanchor">[411]</a> Dudston, and Hybarnes were delivered to him 7 Elizabeth, +and in 15 Elizabeth he was called upon to prove his title to Curdworth +and to Berewood<a name="FNanchor_412_411" id="FNanchor_412_411"></a><a href="#Footnote_412_411" class="fnanchor">[412]</a> Hall, which had been given by Hugh Arden to the +Canons of Leicester (Henry II.), and after the Dissolution purchased by +his grandfather, Thomas, and uncle, Simon, for £272 10s., with a yearly +rent of 30s. 4d., and settled on William, 37 Henry VIII. Various +purchases of land are recorded in Coke's "Entries."<a name="FNanchor_413_412" id="FNanchor_413_412"></a><a href="#Footnote_413_412" class="fnanchor">[413]</a> He impaled the +park of Minworth on the other side of the Tame, to add to that of his +own Park Hall.<a name="FNanchor_414_413" id="FNanchor_414_413"></a><a href="#Footnote_414_413" class="fnanchor">[414]</a></p> + +<p>Edward seems to have been highly respected in his time, and was Sheriff +of the County in 1575.<a name="FNanchor_415_414" id="FNanchor_415_414"></a><a href="#Footnote_415_414" class="fnanchor">[415]</a> But he had offended Leicester<a name="FNanchor_416_415" id="FNanchor_416_415"></a><a href="#Footnote_416_415" class="fnanchor">[416]</a> by +refusing to wear his livery (as many of the gentlemen of the county were +proud to do) and by disapproving openly of his relations with the +Countess of Essex before her husband's death. Leicester waited his time. +Edward Arden's sons were Robert (who married Elizabeth, daughter of +Reginald Corbet, Justice of the Royal Pleas, about 1577), Thomas, +Francis. Of his daughters, Catherine married Sir Edward Devereux, of +Castle Bromwich; Margaret, John Somerville, of Edreston; Muriel, +William<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> Charnells, of Snareston, Leicestershire; and Elizabeth, Simon +Shugborough, of Napton, co. Warwick.</p> + +<p>Edward Arden bore the family arms: Ermine, a fesse chequy or and azure. +Crest: On a chapeau azure, turned up erm., a boar passant or. Motto: +<i>Quo me cunque vocat patriam.</i></p> + +<p>He appointed Edmund Lingard to Curdworth Church, 1573.</p> + +<p>Edward Arden was a temperate follower of the old faith; but his +son-in-law, John Somerville, an excitable youth, seemed to chafe under +the increasing oppression of the Catholic Church and its adherents.<a name="FNanchor_417_416" id="FNanchor_417_416"></a><a href="#Footnote_417_416" class="fnanchor">[417]</a> +The evil reports concerning the Queen and Leicester increased the +friction. Shut out from travel or active exercise, as all Catholics then +were by law, he studied and pondered, and his mind seemed to have given +way in his sleepless attempts to reconcile faith and practice. He +started off suddenly one morning before anyone was awake, attended only +by one boy, who soon left him, terrified; and when he reached a little +inn on the lonely road by Aynho on the Hill, he spoke frantically to all +who chose to hear that he was going to London to kill the Queen.<a name="FNanchor_418_417" id="FNanchor_418_417"></a><a href="#Footnote_418_417" class="fnanchor">[418]</a> +Then followed arrest, examination before Justice D'Oyley, a march to +London with twelve guards,<a name="FNanchor_419_418" id="FNanchor_419_418"></a><a href="#Footnote_419_418" class="fnanchor">[419]</a> examination in the Gatehouse, +imprisonment in the Tower. Thereafter went forth the mandate to arrest +Edward Arden, his wife, Francis Arden, of Pedmore, his brother, +Somerville's wife and sister, and the priest, Hugh Hall. Sir John +Conway, his wife's grand-uncle, was also commanded up to London, and +seems to have been confined for a time. Examinations, probably under +torture, followed fast on each other.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> John Somerville, Edward Arden, +his wife and brother, and the priest, Hugh Hall, were tried, found +guilty, and condemned to the traitor's death. Hugh Hall is said to have +turned Queen's evidence, but I have found no proof of it. Somerville and +Arden were carried forth from the Tower on December 19, 1583, to +Newgate, in preparation for their execution on the morrow; Somerville +was found two hours afterwards strangled in his cell; Edward Arden +suffered the full penalty of the law December 20, 1583.<a name="FNanchor_420_419" id="FNanchor_420_419"></a><a href="#Footnote_420_419" class="fnanchor">[420]</a> Robert of +Leicester had his revenge. Mrs. Arden and Francis<a name="FNanchor_421_420" id="FNanchor_421_420"></a><a href="#Footnote_421_420" class="fnanchor">[421]</a> seem to have +suffered a term of imprisonment, and then to have been released.</p> + +<p>This first noble victim of the tyrannical Royal Commission was praised +by all the writers of his time, and pitied by all Europe. Burleigh lived +to be ashamed of his part in his death; and in his "Life" one can still +read in the index "On the Case of Arden" an explanation which has been +excised from the text.</p> + +<p>It is more than probable that the active part that Sir Thomas Lucy took +in his arrest told more on the fortunes and feelings of young +Shakespeare than the fabulous deer-stealing story. The touching tragedy, +to which Froude has given but little attention or study, is given in +full detail in the State Papers. The <i>traitor's</i> lands, of course, fell +to the Queen, and were granted to Edward Darcy.<a name="FNanchor_422_421" id="FNanchor_422_421"></a><a href="#Footnote_422_421" class="fnanchor">[422]</a> But Robert +Arden,<a name="FNanchor_423_422" id="FNanchor_423_422"></a><a href="#Footnote_423_422" class="fnanchor">[423]</a> "who was a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> prudent person" (doubtless fortified by his +brother-in-law's interest, and his own knowledge of the law), by virtue +of an entail executed on his marriage got back by degrees most of his +father's lands. He found, however, every tree in his parks had been cut +down by Darcy, who seems to have been a difficult person to deal with, +as may be gathered from Simon Arden's petition (p. 185); this Robert +lived to a great age, dying on February 27, 1635. His son and heir, Sir +Henry, who had been born April, 1580, had predeceased him in 1616.<a name="FNanchor_424_423" id="FNanchor_424_423"></a><a href="#Footnote_424_423" class="fnanchor">[424]</a> +He had married Dorothy, daughter of Basil Fielding, of Newnham, and had +one son, Robert, and four daughters. Robert seems to have been a +brilliant youth, but he died single at Oxford. In the Bodleian<a name="FNanchor_425_424" id="FNanchor_425_424"></a><a href="#Footnote_425_424" class="fnanchor">[425]</a> are +some verses deploring his loss. His four sisters were his coheirs: +Elizabeth, wife of Sir William Pooley, of Boxsted, in Suffolk; +Goditha,<a name="FNanchor_426_425" id="FNanchor_426_425"></a><a href="#Footnote_426_425" class="fnanchor">[426]</a> wife of Herbert Price; Dorothy, wife of Hervey Bagot; +Anne, wife of Sir Charles Adderley, of Lea.</p> + +<p>In Worcestershire, near Stourbridge, there is a parish of Pedmore, and a +hall of the name that seems at one time to have belonged to the Ardens, +as well as the Pedmore Manor, near West Bromwich, Warwickshire. By the +kindness of Mr. W. Wickham King, now resident there, I am told that +"Mistress Joyce Arden" was buried there in 1557; Jane Ardern and Hugh +Hall were married in 1560; Alice Ardeney and Thomas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> Carter married +1578; while John Arden, son of Mr. Robert and Mistress Elizabeth, was +christened there in 1578. Frances Arden and Edward Wale married 1658; +Arthur buried 1668, and Judith Arden, widow, 1682. The arms in the +church are those of the Park Hall Ardens, and "Mr. Robert" was the heir +of Edward (p. 41 and notes).</p> + +<p>The Pakingtons of Worcester quarter Ermine on a fesse componé or, and +az. an annulet for Arden.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_368_367" id="Footnote_368_367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_368_367"><span class="label">[368]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 372; Drummond's "Noble British +Families"; "Guy of Warwick," ed. Zupitza, Early English Text Society, +etc.; Harl. MS., 1167, f. 57; "Dictionary of National Biography."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_369_368" id="Footnote_369_368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_369_368"><span class="label">[369]</span></a> +</p><p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Guy of Warwick, I understand,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Slew a dragon in Northumberland."</span><br /> +</p><p><span style="margin-left: 4em;">Romance of Sir Bevis of Hampton.</span><br /> +</p> +<p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"In Warwick the truth ye shall see</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In arras wrought full craftily."</span><br /> +</p><p><span style="margin-left: 4em;">Romance of Sir Guy.</span><br /> +</p> +<p><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Gy de Warwic ad a noun</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Qui occis le Dragoun."</span><br /> +</p><p><span style="margin-left: 4em;">Legend round the Mazer Bowl, at Harbledon Hospital, Canterbury.</span><br /> +</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_370_369" id="Footnote_370_369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_370_369"><span class="label">[370]</span></a> "Warwickshire," p. 374; Drummond's "Noble British +Families"; Leland's "Itin.," iv. 63; Heylin's "History of St. George," +p. 63.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_371_370" id="Footnote_371_370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_371_370"><span class="label">[371]</span></a> Nichols's "Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica," iv. 29.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_372_371" id="Footnote_372_371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_372_371"><span class="label">[372]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 372-374; Drummond's "Noble +British Families"; Cox and Jones' "Popular Romances of the Middle Ages," +pp. 63, 64, 297-319; Ward's "Catalogue of Romances in British Museum," +i. 470.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_373_372" id="Footnote_373_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_373_372"><span class="label">[373]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," p. 373.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_374_373" id="Footnote_374_373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_374_373"><span class="label">[374]</span></a> Drummond's "Noble British Families," ii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_375_374" id="Footnote_375_374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_375_374"><span class="label">[375]</span></a> Harleian MS., 853, ff. 113, 114.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_376_375" id="Footnote_376_375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_376_375"><span class="label">[376]</span></a> "Guthmund, Ailwin's second son, held Pakington under +Turchil; his son was Sir Harald de Arden, Lord of Upton" (French, +"Shakespeareana Genealogica," p. 432).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_377_376" id="Footnote_377_376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_377_376"><span class="label">[377]</span></a> According to Dugdale and Drummond; Harleian MS., 853, +differs.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_378_377" id="Footnote_378_377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_378_377"><span class="label">[378]</span></a> Ralph and William are witnesses to a charter from Henry +de Clinton to Kenilworth Priory, Henry I. ("Monasticon," vi. 3).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_379_378" id="Footnote_379_378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_379_378"><span class="label">[379]</span></a> Hugh de Arden and Adela; William de Arden and Agnes were +witness to Henry's gifts ("Monasticon," v. 210-212).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_380_379" id="Footnote_380_379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_380_379"><span class="label">[380]</span></a> Philip, Osbert's second son, who took the name of Compton +(Drummond; Dugdale's, 'Warwickshire,' 549).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_381_380" id="Footnote_381_380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_381_380"><span class="label">[381]</span></a> Novoborgo: or and az., er. Thomas Arden de Rotley: or and +az., gu. A fesse betwixt 6 cross-crosslets or—Beauchamp. The +Warwickshire Visitation gives the coat of Sir Herald de Arden as three +cross-crosslets fitchée and a chief or. See Drummond, p. 5.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_382_381" id="Footnote_382_381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_382_381"><span class="label">[382]</span></a> Whalley's "Northampton," p. 464; Baker's "Northampton"; +"Parliamentary Roll of Arms," 862. "Sire ... Ilm de Arderne ... de +ermyne a une fesse chekere dor e de aszure" (<i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, +xiii.). I do not know which William this refers to.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_383_382" id="Footnote_383_382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_383_382"><span class="label">[383]</span></a> He married Isabella, daughter of Sir Roger Mortimer of +Chirk. She afterwards married John Fitzalan (Berry's "Essex +Genealogies").</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_384_383" id="Footnote_384_383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_384_383"><span class="label">[384]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," p. 927.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_385_384" id="Footnote_385_384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_385_384"><span class="label">[385]</span></a> "This lady seems to have married for a third time. Robert +de Wyckham sued Thomas Wake and Nicholaa, his wife, and Giles de Arderne +for the next presentation to the church of Swalclyve. Robert, father of +plaintiff, had given the advowson to John de Arderne, and John had +enfeoffed Robert de Wyckham and Elizabeth his wife. Nicholaa had been +married to Robert de Arderne" (<i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, ix.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_386_385" id="Footnote_386_385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_386_385"><span class="label">[386]</span></a> See Visitation, 1619.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_387_386" id="Footnote_387_386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_387_386"><span class="label">[387]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," p. 928; Harleian MS., 1992, f. +121, "The Ancient Family of Arderne." Ralph died 8 Henry V.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_388_387" id="Footnote_388_387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_388_387"><span class="label">[388]</span></a> 17 Blamyr.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_389_388" id="Footnote_389_388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_389_388"><span class="label">[389]</span></a> Walter Arden's son-in-law.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_390_389" id="Footnote_390_389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_390_389"><span class="label">[390]</span></a> The decision of the residence of this Thomas would solve +a knotty question.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_391_390" id="Footnote_391_390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_391_390"><span class="label">[391]</span></a> Leland's "Itinerary," vi. 20. See also admin. of goods, +granted to his sister Alice Buklond and his nephew John, son of Sir +John.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_392_391" id="Footnote_392_391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_392_391"><span class="label">[392]</span></a> Patent 17 Henry VII., February 22, second part, mem. 30.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_393_392" id="Footnote_393_392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_393_392"><span class="label">[393]</span></a> Same series, September 9, mem. 35.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_394_393" id="Footnote_394_393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_394_393"><span class="label">[394]</span></a> Patents 23 Henry VIII., September 24, first part, mem. +12.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_395_394" id="Footnote_395_394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_395_394"><span class="label">[395]</span></a> Pat. Henry VIII., p. 1, m. 16.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_396_395" id="Footnote_396_395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_396_395"><span class="label">[396]</span></a> Letters and Papers, Henry VIII., Gairdner.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_397_396" id="Footnote_397_396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_397_396"><span class="label">[397]</span></a> Bedfordshire Visitation, 1566. (See Glover.) There was in +Edward VI.'s reign a William Arderne, Clerk of the Market of Struton +Oskellyswade, Bedford (Est. of Office, Edward VI. to Elizabeth). And in +the accounts of the Treasurer of the Chamber there are mentioned among +the "Extraordinary Yeomen of the Guard, 1570," "William Arden and his +son Robert Arden."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_398_397" id="Footnote_398_397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_398_397"><span class="label">[398]</span></a> Somerset House, 8 Porch.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_399_398" id="Footnote_399_398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_399_398"><span class="label">[399]</span></a> The name Collins appears in connection with the Ardens in +Wiltshire also.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_400_399" id="Footnote_400_399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_400_399"><span class="label">[400]</span></a> See Visitation of Worcester, 1569: "Richard Muklowe of +Hodon, Worcestershire, married Katherine, daughter of John Arden." The +Gloucester Visitation records that Richard Cotton of Sedenton, married +Agnes, daughter of Sir John Arden of Park Hall, sister of Thomas.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_401_400" id="Footnote_401_400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_401_400"><span class="label">[401]</span></a> Commissary Wills, Somerset House, 31<sup>a</sup> Clyffe.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_402_401" id="Footnote_402_401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_402_401"><span class="label">[402]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_403_402" id="Footnote_403_402"></a><a href="#FNanchor_403_402"><span class="label">[403]</span></a> "Stratford-on-Avon Miscell. Papers," see p. 410, +<i>Genealogical Magazine</i>, 1897. He was also trustee in a settlement made +by Sir John Arden of Park Hall, in association with Sir Richard Empson +and others. See Petition of Simon Arden, p. 184.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_404_403" id="Footnote_404_403"></a><a href="#FNanchor_404_403"><span class="label">[404]</span></a> It is curious that in a will of Sir William Trussel of +Cublesdon, 1379, there is a bequest mentioned as having been made to him +by his "cousin Sir Thomas d'Ardene" (Sir N. H. Nicolas, "Testamenta +Vetusta," i. 107).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_405_404" id="Footnote_405_404"></a><a href="#FNanchor_405_404"><span class="label">[405]</span></a> Glover's "Heraldry," vol. ii., ed. 1780.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_406_405" id="Footnote_406_405"></a><a href="#FNanchor_406_405"><span class="label">[406]</span></a> Fuller's "Worthies."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_407_406" id="Footnote_407_406"></a><a href="#FNanchor_407_406"><span class="label">[407]</span></a> 7 Alen. Inquis. P.M. at Warwick, June 27, 37 Henry VIII., +Edward, son and heir, aged twelve.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_408_407" id="Footnote_408_407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_408_407"><span class="label">[408]</span></a> See Close Roll, 32 Henry VI., m. 11. Saltley came into +the family with Elizabeth Clodshalle (who married Robert Arden in the +time of Henry VI.), and remained in it till the death of Robert Arden, +1643, when it fell to the share of his sister Anne.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_409_408" id="Footnote_409_408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_409_408"><span class="label">[409]</span></a> By some family arrangement, the old family seat of +Pedmore seems to have been settled on him, as he was always styled +Francis Arden of Pedmore.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_410_409" id="Footnote_410_409"></a><a href="#FNanchor_410_409"><span class="label">[410]</span></a> Anne married John Barnesley of Barnesley (see Visitation +of Worcester, 1569); Bridget, Hugh Massey; Barbara, Richard Neville, son +of the last Lord Latimer, and claimant of that title and the earldom of +Westmorland; Joyce, John Ladbrooke. Was this Jane Arden the lady of this +name who married into the Brownlow family about 1553? See Pedigree of +Brownlow.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_411_410" id="Footnote_411_410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_411_410"><span class="label">[411]</span></a> "Originalia et Memoranda." Lord Treasurer's side of the +Exchequer, Hilarii Recorda, 7 Elizabeth, Rot. 82.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_412_411" id="Footnote_412_411"></a><a href="#FNanchor_412_411"><span class="label">[412]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, Hilarii Recorda, 15 Elizabeth, Rot. 55.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_413_412" id="Footnote_413_412"></a><a href="#FNanchor_413_412"><span class="label">[413]</span></a> Coke's "Entries," f. 39<i>b</i>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_414_413" id="Footnote_414_413"></a><a href="#FNanchor_414_413"><span class="label">[414]</span></a> In an account of the Grevilles, when the eldest son still +resided at Drayton, it is noted: "Though a great part of the Lands of +Sir Giles Arden came to Lewis Greville through his wife, yet there is +one Arden at this time in Warwickshire that is a man of three hundred +marks land by the yeare." Addit. MS., 5937, f. 88, British Museum.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_415_414" id="Footnote_415_414"></a><a href="#FNanchor_415_414"><span class="label">[415]</span></a> See "Liber Pacis," Eg. MS., 2345.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_416_415" id="Footnote_416_415"></a><a href="#FNanchor_416_415"><span class="label">[416]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 884, 927.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_417_416" id="Footnote_417_416"></a><a href="#FNanchor_417_416"><span class="label">[417]</span></a> See <i>Athenæum</i>, Feb., 1896, p. 190, and my little volume +on "Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries" (Stratford-on-Avon +Press), p. 48.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_418_417" id="Footnote_418_417"></a><a href="#FNanchor_418_417"><span class="label">[418]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Series, Elizabeth, clxiii., 21 <i>et +seq.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_419_418" id="Footnote_419_418"></a><a href="#FNanchor_419_418"><span class="label">[419]</span></a> Accounts of Treasurer of the Chamber, 1583-84.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_420_419" id="Footnote_420_419"></a><a href="#FNanchor_420_419"><span class="label">[420]</span></a> Burke makes an extraordinary error in stating that +Shakespeare's mother was a daughter of Sir Edward Arden, of Park Hall +("Hist. Landed Gentry," edition 1882, vol. i., p. 34). Now, Edward was +never knighted, and must have been born about the same year as Mary, +daughter of Robert Arden, who married John Shakespeare.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_421_420" id="Footnote_421_420"></a><a href="#FNanchor_421_420"><span class="label">[421]</span></a> The Accounts of the Wardens of the Tower mention Francis +Arden's board, up to June 24, 1585, and he sued shortly after for +Pedmore, on the death of Sir George Digby, to whom it had been granted +(State Papers, Dom. Series, Elizabeth, ccii., 40).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_422_421" id="Footnote_422_421"></a><a href="#FNanchor_422_421"><span class="label">[422]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Series, Elizabeth, clxxi. 35; also +Patents, Elizabeth, 28, c. 10.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_423_422" id="Footnote_423_422"></a><a href="#FNanchor_423_422"><span class="label">[423]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 927. I find also several +pensions allowed by the Crown to a Robert Arden, early in James I. These +may refer to Robert of Park Hall (Book of Patents, xi. 212).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_424_423" id="Footnote_424_423"></a><a href="#FNanchor_424_423"><span class="label">[424]</span></a> Inventory of his property is at Lichfield, where also is +that of his wife, Lady Dorothy Arden, 1635-36, and will of his son, +Robert Arden.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_425_424" id="Footnote_425_424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_425_424"><span class="label">[425]</span></a> Ashmolean MSS., 36, f. 125: "Robert Arden, Colonel and +Sheriff of Warwickshire." An elegy upon his death in Oxford of +small-pox, August 22, 1643: "Seeing these tapers and this solemn night," +etc. Signed, "Peter Halstead."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_426_425" id="Footnote_426_425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_426_425"><span class="label">[426]</span></a> She was a Lady of the Privy Chamber to the Queen-mother, +and survived her husband. See the burial of her daughter, Mrs. Henrietta +Maria Stanhope, October 23, 1674.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h3>THE ARDENS OF LONGCROFT</h3> + + +<p>This main line of Ardens having thus become extinct, we have to go back +some generations to find the younger branch that carried on the name. +Simon, the second son of the Thomas Arden who died in 1563, brother of +the William Arden who died 1546, and uncle of Edward Arden, who was +executed 1583, seems to have been an important man in his own day. He +was much trusted by his father and nephew, and was elected Sheriff of +Warwickshire in 1569, when he bore as arms three cross crosslets +fitchée, and a chief or.<a name="FNanchor_427_426" id="FNanchor_427_426"></a><a href="#Footnote_427_426" class="fnanchor">[427]</a> His first wife was Margaret; his second +Christian,<a name="FNanchor_428_427" id="FNanchor_428_427"></a><a href="#Footnote_428_427" class="fnanchor">[428]</a> widow of Thomas Bond, of Ward End. In a catalogue of all +the noblemen and gentlemen resident in Warwickshire, 1577-78, by Henry +Ferrers, of Baddesley, is mentioned Edward Arden, of Park Hall, and +Simon Arden, of Saltley, his uncle;<a name="FNanchor_429_428" id="FNanchor_429_428"></a><a href="#Footnote_429_428" class="fnanchor">[429]</a> and in the Subsidy for +Warwickshire, 1581, he is mentioned as one of "those collecting, and not +assessed themselves."<a name="FNanchor_430_429" id="FNanchor_430_429"></a><a href="#Footnote_430_429" class="fnanchor">[430]</a> During the first half of Elizabeth's reign he +purchased Longcroft, in the parish of Yoxall, Staffordshire, a property +that had previously been in the family. In 18 Elizabeth (1576) he found +one light horse for the royal service<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span> there, and paid to the Subsidy of +1590, 26s. 8d. for his lands at Yoxall, valued at £10.<a name="FNanchor_431_430" id="FNanchor_431_430"></a><a href="#Footnote_431_430" class="fnanchor">[431]</a> He seems, +however, to have got into trouble in his old age. The draft of a +petition of his (<i>circa</i> 1595-98) is preserved among the Longcroft +papers,<a name="FNanchor_432_431" id="FNanchor_432_431"></a><a href="#Footnote_432_431" class="fnanchor">[432]</a> which is well worthy of being transcribed:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"<i>To the most honourable the Lord High Treasurer of England.</i></p> + +<p>"The most humble petition of Simon Arden, of the age of 100 years +or thereabouts, praying your good Lordship's aid in his owld age +against the great wrongs and oppressions offered by Edward Darcie, +Esquire, one of the grooms of her Majestie's Privy Chamber.</p> + +<p>"As by the enclosed may plainlie apeare:</p> + +<p> + {The Pedigree. John Arden had issue Thomas.<br /> +<br /> + {Thomas had issue William, Simon, George, Edward, Thomas.<br /> +<br /> + {William had issue Edward & Francis.<br /> +<br /> + {Edward had issue <i>vivens</i> Robert.<br /> +</p> + +<p>"The said John Arden did infeff John Kingsmel, Sergeant-at-Lawe, +Sir Richard Empson, Sir Richard Knightley, Sir Robert +Throgmorton,<a name="FNanchor_433_432" id="FNanchor_433_432"></a><a href="#Footnote_433_432" class="fnanchor">[433]</a> Knights, and others, of the manor of Crudworth, +and other lands in the county of Warwick, to divers uses; the said +Thomas, being seized in fee, granted to me, and his said other +sons, dyvers several annuities, being all the patrimony he provided +for the same his younger sons. The said Thomas did afterwards make +other assurances to the said William. The said annuities were paid +unto all the said younger sons during their lives, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> unto me +till the attainder of Edward Arden. By which means the premises +came into the hands of her Majestie, in what time that the same +remained in her hands, by your Honor's order I was paid mine +annuitie, being 20 marks by the year. And after that the same was +granted to the said Edward Darcie, your Lordship did likewise very +honorably apporcion how much thereof should be yearely paid unto me +by the said Edward Darcie, and how much otherwise, according to +which aporcionment the said Edward Darcy paid his part thereof unto +me foure or five yeares, and about six yeares sithence denyd so to +do, urging me with seutes in the Court of Requests, and in the +Honourable Court of Exchequer Chamber, and at the Common Law. Also +for the space of vi yeares now together seeking by this countenance +to oppress me. The said Robert Arden payeth unto me the porcion of +the said annuity apointed by your Lordship's order, or rather more +thereof than he was charged with by your order, and I have desired +but ye residew of Mr. Darcie. I have had judgment against him in +the Common <i>Place</i>, he hath removed the record into the King's +Bench by writ of Error; so yt by injunction out of the Court of the +Exchequer Chamber to entertain time and delay me til death hath +wholy interred my ancient bodie already more than half in grave, +knowing, <i>Mors solvit omnia</i>, by my death my cause wil be +remeadiless.</p> + +<p>"Be therefore so much, my good Lord, as to take my cause into your +own hands, and for God's sake to end it. I protest mine adversary +hath caused me to spend more then such an annuity is worth to +purchase. Age wold have ease, which is expedicion in causes of suit +and molestacion, and expedicion in justice is the most Honour that +may be; which is no small part of your Honor's comendacion. +Almighty God long pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span>serve you in all felicity, that this Realm of +England may more and more long take profit of your most wise and +grave counsels."</p></div> + +<p>Perhaps on his coming to Longcroft he found the old Arden arms there. +Before the grant to his grand-uncle Robert there had been Ardens in +Yoxall.<a name="FNanchor_434_433" id="FNanchor_434_433"></a><a href="#Footnote_434_433" class="fnanchor">[434]</a> Certain it is that after that date they appear in Longcroft +Hall and in the parish church. The headship of the family fell to his +heirs in 1643. Simon's son<a name="FNanchor_435_434" id="FNanchor_435_434"></a><a href="#Footnote_435_434" class="fnanchor">[435]</a> Ambrose<a name="FNanchor_436_435" id="FNanchor_436_435"></a><a href="#Footnote_436_435" class="fnanchor">[436]</a> married Mary Wedgewood +1588, and died 1624. His son Humphrey<a name="FNanchor_437_436" id="FNanchor_437_436"></a><a href="#Footnote_437_436" class="fnanchor">[437]</a> married Jane Rowbotham at +Marchington, December 1, 1630. Of his family, Henry married Catherine +Harper, but died without children, November 26, 1676; John, of Wisbeach, +married Anne, and died without heirs, April 2, 1709, aged 84;<a name="FNanchor_438_437" id="FNanchor_438_437"></a><a href="#Footnote_438_437" class="fnanchor">[438]</a> +Humphrey, of Longcroft, who married the daughter of —— Lassel, and +died January 31, 1705, aged 74. His daughters Elizabeth and Katharine +died unmarried. His son Henry married Anne Alcock, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> died 1728, aged +63. Humphrey's son and heir, John, was born 1693, and died 1734, aged +40. He married, first, Anna Catherine Newton, and second, Anne, daughter +of the Rev. John Spateman, Rector of Yoxall, 1730. He was High Sheriff +of the County in 3 George II. His son, Henry Arden, of Longcroft, +married Alethea, daughter of Robert Cotton, Esq., of Worcester, and died +June 22, 1782. The full pedigree is given, and the monuments at Yoxall +are described in Shaw's "Staffordshire," and in French's "Shakespeareana +Genealogica." Descendants still survive in this country and the +Colonies.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_427_426" id="Footnote_427_426"></a><a href="#FNanchor_427_426"><span class="label">[427]</span></a> Fuller's "Worthies."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_428_427" id="Footnote_428_427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_428_427"><span class="label">[428]</span></a> Administration of goods of Christian Arden, wife of +Simon, 1563 (Lichfield Wills).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_429_428" id="Footnote_429_428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_429_428"><span class="label">[429]</span></a> Nich., "Col. Top. et Gen.," vol. viii., p. 298.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_430_429" id="Footnote_430_429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_430_429"><span class="label">[430]</span></a> Lansdowne MS., xxx. 27, 30.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_431_430" id="Footnote_431_430"></a><a href="#FNanchor_431_430"><span class="label">[431]</span></a> Subsidy Rolls, Yoxall, 1590; Shaw's "Staffordshire," i., +pp. 100-102 and 499; and Talbot Papers, Heralds' College, Dugdale p. +932.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_432_431" id="Footnote_432_431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_432_431"><span class="label">[432]</span></a> See also manuscript notes on the copy of Shaw's +"Staffordshire," by Samuel Pipe Wolferstan, Esq., of Statfold, preserved +in the British Museum, p. 102.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_433_432" id="Footnote_433_432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_433_432"><span class="label">[433]</span></a> Note that this is the same man appointed trustee by Mary +Shakespeare's grandfather.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_434_433" id="Footnote_434_433"></a><a href="#FNanchor_434_433"><span class="label">[434]</span></a> "Nichola, d. of Geff de. Shenton, sued Joan, formerly +wife of Ralph de Anderne, of Yoxhale, for a messuage in Yoxhale" (De +Banco, Trin., 23 Ed. III.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_435_434" id="Footnote_435_434"></a><a href="#FNanchor_435_434"><span class="label">[435]</span></a> His will proved 1625 at Lichfield. Simon's daughter +Elizabeth became second wife of Clement Fisher of Wincote, addressed by +Sir Aston Cokaine in verses alluding to Shakespeare (Dugdale's +"Warwickshire," 1140).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_436_435" id="Footnote_436_435"></a><a href="#FNanchor_436_435"><span class="label">[436]</span></a> Shaw's "Staffordshire," p. 102; MS. notes of the author, +Brit. Mus.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_437_436" id="Footnote_437_436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_437_436"><span class="label">[437]</span></a> Ambrose had another son Ambrose, whose family appears in +the registers of Barton: +</p><p> +Frances, daughter of Ambrose Arden, bapt. February 19, 1631, buried June +7, 1634. +</p><p> +Humphrey, son of Ambrose Arden, bapt. November 2, 1634. +</p><p> +Henry " " " " October 7, 1637. +</p><p> +Benjamin " " " " July 19, 1642. +</p><p> +John " " " " September 3, 1643. +</p><p> +William " " " " January 8, 1647 (buried Sept. 18, 1666). +</p><p> +Robert Masson and Elizabeth Arden were married December 22, 1644. +</p><p> +Ambrose Arden, gent., buried July 15, 1656.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_438_437" id="Footnote_438_437"></a><a href="#FNanchor_438_437"><span class="label">[438]</span></a> His father had been married twice; but this second +Humphrey is the son of Jane Rowbotham. See Registers of Marchington.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER III</h2> + +<h3>OTHER WARWICKSHIRE ARDENS</h3> + + +<p>It would be interesting to know more of some of the other Warwickshire +Ardens, particularly those mentioned in the Register of the Guild of +Knowle, as some have suggested that Shakespeare's mother may have +descended from them:</p> + +<p>"1460. John Arden and Agnes, his wife, of Longehychyngton.</p> + +<p>"1504. Richard Arden and Margaret, his wife, and for the souls of John +and Johanna, their parentes, of Longeychyngton.</p> + +<p>"1506. For the souls of John Arderne and his wife, of the same.</p> + +<p>"... Richard Salway, and Estell his wife, and for the soul of John +Arderne.</p> + +<p>"1512. Alicia Arderne, and for the soul of William."</p> + +<p>On turning to the Subsidy Rolls to find any further notice of the Ardens +of Long Itchington, I found only the following: "14 and 15 Hen. VIII. +Co. Warr., Knighton Hundred, Bilton [the next parish to Long +Itchington].<a name="FNanchor_439_438" id="FNanchor_439_438"></a><a href="#Footnote_439_438" class="fnanchor">[439]</a> Thomas Arderne, land, 4 marks, 2/6. Solks. Henry +Arderne in goods 40/- 4d." The latter is twice repeated.</p> + +<p>In the same Guild Register appears as member:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p> + +<p>"1496. Robert Arderne, Master of Arts, Rector of Lapworth."</p> + +<p>He does not appear in the preserved pedigree, as Robert, the son of +Walter, who died 1502, was in the King's service. The Warden and +scholars of Merton College appointed Robert Ardern, Master of Arts, to +the Rectory of Lapworth, January 10, 1488. On the rood loft of the +church are the arms of Sir Henry Arden:<a name="FNanchor_440_439" id="FNanchor_440_439"></a><a href="#Footnote_440_439" class="fnanchor">[440]</a> Ermine, a fesse chequy, or +and az., with a crescent for difference, arms, by some thought to be the +parson's.</p> + +<p>Henry de Arden,<a name="FNanchor_441_440" id="FNanchor_441_440"></a><a href="#Footnote_441_440" class="fnanchor">[441]</a> in the time of Henry II., had two sons: Thomas of +Curdworth[3] and William de Rodbourn.<a name="FNanchor_442_441" id="FNanchor_442_441"></a><a href="#Footnote_442_441" class="fnanchor">[442]</a> The descent of Thomas we have +already noticed, as well as the descent of Thomas Arden, of Drayton, +elder son of William Arden de Rodbourn. The second son of William was +another William of Rodbourn, killed in 17 Henry III. He married Avisia, +daughter of Robert de Kyngeston, and had also a son, William of +Rodbourn, whose heir was William, who sold the manor in 1369.</p> + +<p>Dugdale says that Little Grafton was called Arden's Grafton because it +was bought by William de Arden in 10 John. In 52 Henry III. William de +Arden was certified to hold it of the Earl of Warwick; but he +transferred it to Edward I. in exchange for Offord, near Aston Cantlowe, +in the parish of Wootten Wawen.</p> + +<p>A seal used by William D'Arderne, clerk, of Offord, Warwickshire, is +preserved in the British Museum,<a name="FNanchor_443_442" id="FNanchor_443_442"></a><a href="#Footnote_443_442" class="fnanchor">[443]</a> appended to a deed in which he and +John D'Arderne were concerned, 1366. It has a shield of arms, three +cross-crosslets fitchée, on a chief a lion passant, on the border: "S. +Nicholai de Ardena." I have not traced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> a Nicholas. But Nichola de Arden +presented John de Arden to Cotesbrook Church, Northampton, May, 1361 +(see p. 195).</p> + +<p>Among other charters in the same collection occur the seals of—</p> + +<p>Thomas de Arderne, of Newton, co. Warwick, 1280-90, on a shield, a fesse +chequy Ardern, "Sigillum Secreti."<a name="FNanchor_444_443" id="FNanchor_444_443"></a><a href="#Footnote_444_443" class="fnanchor">[444]</a></p> + +<p>Thomas de Arderne, Lord of Peddymore, co. Warwick, 1281, on a shield +chequy, a chevron, "Sig. Thome de Arderne."<a name="FNanchor_445_444" id="FNanchor_445_444"></a><a href="#Footnote_445_444" class="fnanchor">[445]</a></p> + +<p>Thomas de Arderne, 1286, a shield chequy, a chevron, "S. Thome de +Arderne."<a name="FNanchor_446_445" id="FNanchor_446_445"></a><a href="#Footnote_446_445" class="fnanchor">[446]</a></p> + +<p>William de Ardena de Hamtune (<i>i.e.</i>, Hampton in Arden, Warwickshire) +used a seal with a pointed oval shield thereon, a lion rampant +contourné, <i>circa</i>1188-98.<a name="FNanchor_447_446" id="FNanchor_447_446"></a><a href="#Footnote_447_446" class="fnanchor">[447]</a></p> + +<p>Dugdale says concerning Hampton in Ardern,<a name="FNanchor_448_447" id="FNanchor_448_447"></a><a href="#Footnote_448_447" class="fnanchor">[448]</a> that it is not <i>quite</i> +certain that Ralph de Arderne was a son of Turchil.<a name="FNanchor_449_448" id="FNanchor_449_448"></a><a href="#Footnote_449_448" class="fnanchor">[449]</a> He is mentioned +in 5 Stephen and in 33 Henry II. as a Justice Itinerant. Hampton in +Arden was not altogether his own, but his son Robert purchased it for +500 marks. Robert was a clergyman, Archdeacon of Lisiaux, in Normandy, +and gave his estate here to his brothers Peter and Roger. Peter became a +clerk also, and gave his share to Roger, whose sons were William de +Ardena, 5 Henry III.; Walter, a Clerk; Roger, a Clerk. William's +children were: Hugo de Ardena, a Justice of Assize, 35 Henry III.; +Oliva, who married Robert le Megre; and Hawisia, who married Richard +Peche. Hugh's sons were William and Richard. William sided with the +Montforts, was pardoned, but was soon after slain by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> Richard de l'Isle. +He left no family; his brother Richard was an idiot; and his estates +went to the heirs of his aunts, John Peche and William le Megre<a name="FNanchor_450_449" id="FNanchor_450_449"></a><a href="#Footnote_450_449" class="fnanchor">[450]</a> +(Plea Rolls, Ed. I.).</p> + +<p>There is so much confusion regarding the most distinguished of these +early Ardens, that I would like to examine his story more closely. +Dugdale, as I have already noted, is not absolutely certain that Ralph +de Ardern, of Hampton, was a son of Turchil, but believes it +sufficiently to put him in the pedigree. Yet he goes on to state that +this Ralph was a justice itinerant in various reigns. Now, it is not +only dates that make this impossible: Turchil had married, first, the +Countess of Perche, and, second, Leverunia; and Ralph de Arderne, of +Hampton, is given as of the first family. But the mother of Ralph the +justice was a De Bohun. I propose, therefore, tentatively, to consider +that the first Ralph de Hampton married a De Bohun, and hope to find the +records true of an eldest son Ralph, brother of Robert, the Archdeacon +of Lisiaux, of Peter the clerk, and of Roger of Hampton. This view is +supported by many facts, and it gives <i>time</i>. Ralph was at the height of +his power in 1188, the very date at which William de Ardene, of Hampton, +the son of Roger, draws up a deed and affixes his seal.<a name="FNanchor_451_450" id="FNanchor_451_450"></a><a href="#Footnote_451_450" class="fnanchor">[451]</a> According +to Dugdale, this should be his grandson. The name of Ralph's son and +heir is Thomas, not Roger. It was very unusual for a noble family to +bring up the eldest son to the Church, and yet the Archdeacon of Lisiaux +is considered by Dugdale as the eldest son of Ralph, who gives up his +inheritance to his brothers. But if we find a Ralph to be the eldest +son, we can easily account for his giving up the Hampton in Arden home. +He had made his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span> fortunes elsewhere. Ralph was in high favour with the +King,<a name="FNanchor_452_451" id="FNanchor_452_451"></a><a href="#Footnote_452_451" class="fnanchor">[452]</a> Henry II., and had married Amabilia, daughter and coheir of +Ranulph de Glanville,<a name="FNanchor_453_452" id="FNanchor_453_452"></a><a href="#Footnote_453_452" class="fnanchor">[453]</a> the great lawyer, author, statesman, soldier, +and crusader, who, while Sheriff of York, had made prisoner William the +Lion of Scotland, and laid the King of England under an obligation. +Ralph's mother was a daughter of Savaric FitzCana, and sister of Ralph, +Gelduin, and Savaric FitzSavaric. Ralph FitzSavaric having died without +heirs, on the death of his uncle Savaric, Franco, the son of Gelduin, +laid claim to his vast possessions in England and the fief of Bohun in +Normandy. It is believed that Gelduin had married within the forbidden +degrees, without dispensation, and that this was the reason that Ralph +de Arderne put forward his mother's claims. Henry II. decided in his +favour at a court at Caen in 1187. But on the accession of Richard I., +Ralph fell into disgrace, ostensibly through some delay in rendering his +accounts at Westminster while Sheriff of Hereford, and Henry's decision +was reversed 1189.<a name="FNanchor_454_453" id="FNanchor_454_453"></a><a href="#Footnote_454_453" class="fnanchor">[454]</a> But it was evidently a doubtful question. Franco +died in 1194, and when his son and heir Engelger came of age, 1198, +Ralph de Arderne revived his claim, which was settled by a compromise. +After the disturbances in Normandy, 1208, a new dispute arose between +Engelger, the son of Franco FitzSavaric, and Thomas, the son of Ralph +Arden, which ended in a new compromise.</p> + +<p>The offices held by Ralph were numerous. He was Sheriff of Hereford +1184-89,<a name="FNanchor_455_454" id="FNanchor_455_454"></a><a href="#Footnote_455_454" class="fnanchor">[455]</a> and also justice itinerant. He married a second wife in +1194, Agnes de la Mara, heiress of the Barony of Holgate in Shropshire, +after<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> which he regained royal favour. He received a gift from the King +of land in Essex, for which he paid<a name="FNanchor_456_455" id="FNanchor_456_455"></a><a href="#Footnote_456_455" class="fnanchor">[456]</a> £362 16s. 8d. He was made +custodian of the temporalities of Canterbury at the time of the troubles +there Bailiff of Pont-Audemar in Normandy, 1198; in 1202 attended King +John at La Suse in Anjou; in 1203 was sent on an embassy to Otho, King +of the Romans; in 1204 went to Flanders on the King's service. He was +said to have acted as justice at Shrewsbury, 1208, but Foss<a name="FNanchor_457_456" id="FNanchor_457_456"></a><a href="#Footnote_457_456" class="fnanchor">[457]</a> +believes this was his grandson, and states that Coke says so. Ralph de +Arderne endowed the Priory of Butey, Sussex, founded by Ralph de +Glanville, with half the town of Bawdsey. He founded the Priory of +Shulbrede, near Midhurst, and endowed it with half a knight's fee in +Lavington. His son Thomas was engaged in a lawsuit<a name="FNanchor_458_457" id="FNanchor_458_457"></a><a href="#Footnote_458_457" class="fnanchor">[458]</a> with his aunt +about the partition of his grandfather Glanville's property. "Thomas de +Ardern, et Radulphus filius Roberti ponunt loco suo Mag. Will. de Lecton +<i>versus</i> Will. de Auberville et Matilda uxorem ejus," etc. There is no +mention of Thomas after 14 John, 1213. Lands in Hereford, Sussex, Essex, +and Yorkshire were known to have belonged to him, and many scattered +branches in later periods may represent his descendants. I have not +found his arms; were they the same as William de Ardern of Hampton's, +already referred to?</p> + +<p>Though Shakespeareans are only concerned with the Ardens who remained in +their own county, genealogists are interested in the fortunes of the +whole family. A volume would be necessary for a complete account, and at +present I only attempt to collect and preserve the scattered facts I +have found in various printed and manuscript authorities.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p> + +<p>It is too often taken for granted that individuals do not belong to a +family because their names do not appear in the pedigrees collected at +the Visitations. We know that the descendants of younger sons and +daughters are frequently omitted, and the sons and daughters themselves +occasionally ignored. For instance, the Sir Robert Arden who was +executed in the time of Henry VI., 1451, is stated<a name="FNanchor_459_458" id="FNanchor_459_458"></a><a href="#Footnote_459_458" class="fnanchor">[459]</a> to have left +seven children, but the name of his heir, Walter, is alone preserved. +Such omissions are more likely to have occurred in earlier times. The +Ardens frequently held land in more counties than one, and thus may +appear in county histories as doubles; while their general use of common +Christian names at other times makes it difficult to separate recorded +incidents. Wills, inquisitions, and other records often strangely bring +into closer relationship individuals not known to be connected, and the +severe test of dates often separates those supposed to be near in blood.</p> + +<p>The main line had estates in Northampton. Robert de Arden had a charter +of free warren in Wapenham and Sudborough.<a name="FNanchor_460_459" id="FNanchor_460_459"></a><a href="#Footnote_460_459" class="fnanchor">[460]</a> In 7 Henry IV. Wapenham +was assigned as dower to Elena, widow of Sir Henry de Arden, by Ralph +his son, with remainder to Geoffrey de Arden, his brother (see p. 170). +After the death of Elena and Geoffrey it reverted to Ralph, and to +Robert, his son, who in 20 Henry VI. received the King's pardon for +alienating it without licence. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span> manor of Sulgrave<a name="FNanchor_461_460" id="FNanchor_461_460"></a><a href="#Footnote_461_460" class="fnanchor">[461]</a> was sold by +the Traffords to Sir Henry Arden, and it remained in the family until +Sir Robert sold it in 20 Henry VI. Laurence Washington, Mayor of +Northampton 1538, had a grant of the dissolved priory of St. Andrews +there. On April 26, 1564, William Arderne of Sulgrave<a name="FNanchor_462_461" id="FNanchor_462_461"></a><a href="#Footnote_462_461" class="fnanchor">[462]</a> left to his +sister Mary all the portion his father, Richard Arden,<a name="FNanchor_463_462" id="FNanchor_463_462"></a><a href="#Footnote_463_462" class="fnanchor">[463]</a> had left +her, and all his own goods. He left a legacy to Robert,<a name="FNanchor_464_463" id="FNanchor_464_463"></a><a href="#Footnote_464_463" class="fnanchor">[464]</a> son of +Laurence Washington, and Laurence was the overseer of his will. There is +preserved a bond by John Ardern, Laurence Washington, and others for +£100, July 4, 1587.</p> + +<p>An Adam de Arden, clerk, was incumbent of Croughton 1218. Another Adam +was Rector of Thornhagh and Bolewyck 1336 and of Barby 1361. Nichola de +Arden presented John de Arden to Cotesbrook Church, May, 1361. Thomas de +Arderne was incumbent of Laxton, July 9, 1310, and of +Clopton-on-the-Wold, 1325. Robert de Ardern, clerk, is mentioned August +16, 1322. Thomas de Ardern, diac., was presented to Nether Heyford, +1455. Eustachia de Ardern, patron of Holdenby, 1263, presented Ralph de +Ardern, and Thomas, son of Thomas Ardern, of Hanwell, recognised as +co-patron Thomas Ardern, of Rotley.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_439_438" id="Footnote_439_438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_439_438"><span class="label">[439]</span></a> The will of Thomas Arden of Long Itchington was proved +1552, at Lichfield. Sons, Edmund, William and Thomas, and six +daughters.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_440_439" id="Footnote_440_439"></a><a href="#FNanchor_440_439"><span class="label">[440]</span></a> Dugdale, 926.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_441_440" id="Footnote_441_440"></a><a href="#FNanchor_441_440"><span class="label">[441]</span></a> Baker's "Northampton"; Whalley's "Northampton."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_442_441" id="Footnote_442_441"></a><a href="#FNanchor_442_441"><span class="label">[442]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 927.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_443_442" id="Footnote_443_442"></a><a href="#FNanchor_443_442"><span class="label">[443]</span></a> Add. Charters, 21, 492.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_444_443" id="Footnote_444_443"></a><a href="#FNanchor_444_443"><span class="label">[444]</span></a> Cotton MS. Charters, xxii. 15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_445_444" id="Footnote_445_444"></a><a href="#FNanchor_445_444"><span class="label">[445]</span></a> Egerton Ch., 368.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_446_445" id="Footnote_446_445"></a><a href="#FNanchor_446_445"><span class="label">[446]</span></a> Brit. Mus., Ch. lxxxii. 15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_447_446" id="Footnote_447_446"></a><a href="#FNanchor_447_446"><span class="label">[447]</span></a> Cott. Ch., xi. 36.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_448_447" id="Footnote_448_447"></a><a href="#FNanchor_448_447"><span class="label">[448]</span></a> Dugdale's "Warwickshire," 952.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_449_448" id="Footnote_449_448"></a><a href="#FNanchor_449_448"><span class="label">[449]</span></a> I think the dates show that there must have been two +generations of Ralphs. One appears in another county.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_450_449" id="Footnote_450_449"></a><a href="#FNanchor_450_449"><span class="label">[450]</span></a> See <i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, XIII.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_451_450" id="Footnote_451_450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_451_450"><span class="label">[451]</span></a> A lion rampant contourné. See Brit. Mus., Ch. lxxxii. +15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_452_451" id="Footnote_452_451"></a><a href="#FNanchor_452_451"><span class="label">[452]</span></a> Nichols's "Herald and Genealogist," vi. 432, and vii. +299-311.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_453_452" id="Footnote_453_452"></a><a href="#FNanchor_453_452"><span class="label">[453]</span></a> Foss's "Lives of the Judges," i. 379. Campbell's "Lives +of the Chief Judges," i. 19.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_454_453" id="Footnote_454_453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_454_453"><span class="label">[454]</span></a> Pipe Roll, 1 Richard I., pp. 208 and 145, Charter, +Richard I., signed at Gorron in Maine, March 31, 1190.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_455_454" id="Footnote_455_454"></a><a href="#FNanchor_455_454"><span class="label">[455]</span></a> Fuller's "Worthies of Hereford."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_456_455" id="Footnote_456_455"></a><a href="#FNanchor_456_455"><span class="label">[456]</span></a> Pipe Roll, Essex, 6 Richard I.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_457_456" id="Footnote_457_456"></a><a href="#FNanchor_457_456"><span class="label">[457]</span></a> Foss's "Lives of the Judges," i. 338.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_458_457" id="Footnote_458_457"></a><a href="#FNanchor_458_457"><span class="label">[458]</span></a> Coke, 8th Report, ii. 29, and Blomfield's "Norfolk," +viii. 341.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_459_458" id="Footnote_459_458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_459_458"><span class="label">[459]</span></a> Harleian MS., Visitation of Warwickshire, 1167, f. 57.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_460_459" id="Footnote_460_459"></a><a href="#FNanchor_460_459"><span class="label">[460]</span></a> Concerning forest rights in Clyve, Northamptonshire, +Gilbert de Arden appeared for the Prior of Markyate, Cherchebikenhull, +Kynesbury, 26 Edward I. (55, Inquis. P. M.). +</p><p> +William de la Zouch de Haryngworth enfeoffed Adam de Arderne and Simon +Ward in Boroughley Manor of the Honour of Peverel, Northampton; Eton, +Weston, Ing, Houghton Manors, Bedford; Calston Manor, Wilts; Totnes +Castle, Devon; Weston-in-Arden Manor, Wolfareshull, Foulkeshull, and +Kelpesham Manors, Warwick, probably as trustees, 33 Edward III. (79, +Inquis. P. M.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_461_460" id="Footnote_461_460"></a><a href="#FNanchor_461_460"><span class="label">[461]</span></a> Whalley's "Northampton," i. 25, 263.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_462_461" id="Footnote_462_461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_462_461"><span class="label">[462]</span></a> 7, Crymes, Somerset House Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_463_462" id="Footnote_463_462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_463_462"><span class="label">[463]</span></a> Of Whitfield, 29, Street, Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_464_463" id="Footnote_464_463"></a><a href="#FNanchor_464_463"><span class="label">[464]</span></a> Robert's son Laurence sold Sulgrave, went to America, and +became the great-grandfather of George Washington.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CHAPTER IV</h2> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p> + +<h3>THE ARDENS OF CHESHIRE</h3> + + +<p>In the Conqueror's time the Manor of Watford, Northamptonshire, was +recognised as belonging to Gilbert the Cooke, to whom his son Baldwin +succeeded. But the next owner was Eustace de Arden,<a name="FNanchor_465_464" id="FNanchor_465_464"></a><a href="#Footnote_465_464" class="fnanchor">[465]</a> son of +Alexander and Agnes Arden, in the time of Henry II. The first Eustace, +born about 1140, was probably the Eustachius de Arderne who granted +Watford Church to the Abbey of St. James. His son, also named +Eustace,<a name="FNanchor_466_465" id="FNanchor_466_465"></a><a href="#Footnote_466_465" class="fnanchor">[466]</a> died in 1213. The dower of his widow Hawisia was in +Watford and Silvesworth, and Ranulph III., Earl of Chester, became her +security that she would not marry again without license from the +King.<a name="FNanchor_467_466" id="FNanchor_467_466"></a><a href="#Footnote_467_466" class="fnanchor">[467]</a> Her two sons were Eustace<a name="FNanchor_468_467" id="FNanchor_468_467"></a><a href="#Footnote_468_467" class="fnanchor">[468]</a> and John de Arderne. Eustace +died in 4 Edward I., 1221, leaving a son Eustace. The line ended with +four daughters, coheiresses—Aveline, Mary, Jane, Elena, 1275. The arms +of Eustace were: Gules, on a chief argent, a label azure.<a name="FNanchor_469_468" id="FNanchor_469_468"></a><a href="#Footnote_469_468" class="fnanchor">[469]</a> I have +wondered if the following entries concerned younger sons of this family: +"To Master William of Watford 50 marks for his expenses going<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> as a +messenger to the King beyond the sea";<a name="FNanchor_470_469" id="FNanchor_470_469"></a><a href="#Footnote_470_469" class="fnanchor">[470]</a> and, "Paid to William de +Watford, Keeper of the Queen's palfreys."<a name="FNanchor_471_470" id="FNanchor_471_470"></a><a href="#Footnote_471_470" class="fnanchor">[471]</a></p> + +<p>John, the second son of the second Eustace and brother of the third, +received either an original grant, or the confirmation of a grant, from +the Earl of Chester of the Manor of Aldford, in Cheshire. He was +probably the son-in-law of the Richard de Aldford who preceded him.<a name="FNanchor_472_471" id="FNanchor_472_471"></a><a href="#Footnote_472_471" class="fnanchor">[472]</a> +As the Earl of Chester was Hawisia's surety, he may have been her son +John's guardian. John afterwards granted part of this fee to Peter, the +Earl's clerk, and another part to Pulton and Chester Abbey. On November +28, 1213, he compounded with the King for his father's annual payment +for lands in Watford, and granted to Eustace, his brother, the lands he +had received there from his father. He executed this deed in Aldford, +August, 1216. In that year he received, as a Knight of Ranulph, Earl of +Chester, then in the Holy Land, a grant of the lands of Geoffrey de +Sautemaris. Sir Walkelyn, his son, succeeded him in or before 1237-38. +Through his wife, Agnes de Orreby, he acquired Elford, in Staffordshire, +with Alvanley, Upton, and other manors in Cheshire. He was frequently at +Court, as his attestations to various charters prove, about 41 Henry +III. In 1264-65 he granted the Manor of Alvanley to his eldest son, Sir +Peter, who succeeded to all the family estates on the death of his +father, about 1268. He bore arms based not on those of Eustace de +Watford, or on those of the Earl of Chester, from whom he held land, but +on those of William de Beauchamp, who had succeeded to the Earldom of +Warwick in 1257, as if to claim descent from the Warwickshire family. +His seal appears first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span> in 17 Edward I. in a release to Sir John de +Orreby of a debt due.<a name="FNanchor_473_472" id="FNanchor_473_472"></a><a href="#Footnote_473_472" class="fnanchor">[473]</a> It bore a shield with three crosses crosslet +pattées, a chief Arderne, with the motto, "Frange, lege tege." See also +the charters in the British Museum.<a name="FNanchor_474_473" id="FNanchor_474_473"></a><a href="#Footnote_474_473" class="fnanchor">[474]</a> His son and heir by Margery, +his wife, was Sir John, who married Margaret, daughter of Griffin ap +Madoc, Lord of Bromfield, of royal Welsh extraction.<a name="FNanchor_475_474" id="FNanchor_475_474"></a><a href="#Footnote_475_474" class="fnanchor">[475]</a></p> + +<p>Sir John de Arderne at the tournament at Stepney, 2 Edward II., in the +retinue of the Earl of Lancaster, bore "Gules, 10 crosses crosslet, and +a chief or."<a name="FNanchor_476_475" id="FNanchor_476_475"></a><a href="#Footnote_476_475" class="fnanchor">[476]</a></p> + +<p>But it is said that after his marriage the Arden arms were temporarily +varied to gules, crusule or, and a chief or.<a name="FNanchor_477_476" id="FNanchor_477_476"></a><a href="#Footnote_477_476" class="fnanchor">[477]</a></p> + +<p>In 9 Edward II. he purchased part of Haselover from Geoffrey +Salveyn.<a name="FNanchor_478_477" id="FNanchor_478_477"></a><a href="#Footnote_478_477" class="fnanchor">[478]</a></p> + +<p>In that year the "Nomina de Villarum" gives the name of "Sir Henry de +Ardena" as Lord of Elford. John's name, however, is given in the list by +the Lieutenant of the Knights and men-at-arms of the county, 17 Edward +II., 1324; and he was one of the Knights summoned to attend the great +council at Westminster, 17 Edward II. John and Margaret had two +sons—John, who succeeded to Aldford, Alderley, Alvanley, and Elford, 19 +Edward III., and Peter, afterwards of Over Alderley. John married, +first, Alice, daughter of Hugh de Venables, and had by her two sons, +John and Peter, and a daughter Margaret. His second wife was Joane, +daughter and heiress of Sir Richard de Stokeport, by whom he had no +issue; and his third wife was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span> Ellen Wasteneys, by whom he had two sons, +Thomas and Walkelyn, born before marriage, and two daughters, Isabel, +wife of Sir Hugh Wrottesley, and Maud, wife of Robert Leigh, of +Adlington, and a son, born after marriage (about 1341), who evidently +died soon.</p> + +<p>Then occurred an extraordinary hitch in the history of primogeniture. +His eldest son, John, had died without issue before his father. Peter, +the second son, and natural heir of his brother and father, then aged +twenty-four, on his father's death found by the inquisition<a name="FNanchor_479_478" id="FNanchor_479_478"></a><a href="#Footnote_479_478" class="fnanchor">[479]</a> that he +died possessed of "no lands,"<a name="FNanchor_480_479" id="FNanchor_480_479"></a><a href="#Footnote_480_479" class="fnanchor">[480]</a> all his vast possessions being +settled on himself and his wife Ellen only for life, and secured by a +deed of gift, in reversion to Thomas, the elder illegitimate son of +Ellen Wasteneys. By an appeal, however, to the courts, based on the +previous settlement on his great-grandfather, Peter, the legitimate heir +recovered Alvanley. He married Cicely,<a name="FNanchor_481_480" id="FNanchor_481_480"></a><a href="#Footnote_481_480" class="fnanchor">[481]</a> daughter and heiress of Adam +de Bredbury, who inherited Hawarden from her father, and henceforward +Alvanley and Hawarden were the chief seats of the Cheshire Ardens. It is +evident, therefore, that the root-meaning of Hawarden, or Harden, has no +relation to the family name.</p> + +<p>The favoured Thomas received Aldford, Etchells, and Nether Alderley, +Cheshire; and Elford, Staffordshire. He was knighted before 1359, and +died 1391. He married Katherine, daughter of Sir Richard Stafford, +heiress of Clifton Campvile, Pipe, Haselover, and Statfold, and was +buried in Elford Church, where his beautiful marble monument still +remains. He is represented in full knightly armour, wearing a rich +collar, with the letters "S.S." interwoven, his basinet bearing the +words "The Nazarene." His wife lies by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> his side, richly robed, and also +wearing a collar with "S. S." His son and heir, John, born at Elford, +March 12, 1369, was over twenty-one at his father's death,<a name="FNanchor_482_481" id="FNanchor_482_481"></a><a href="#Footnote_482_481" class="fnanchor">[482]</a> 15 +Richard II. He married Margaret Pilkington, and died in 1408, leaving no +male heir.<a name="FNanchor_483_482" id="FNanchor_483_482"></a><a href="#Footnote_483_482" class="fnanchor">[483]</a> A large monument in memory of him in Elford Church is +almost decayed.</p> + +<p>In his inquisition, his nearest male relatives are stated to be Robert +de Legh, of Adlington, aged forty, and Hugh de Wrottesley, aged eight. +His only daughter was Matilda, aged twelve, who was granted Alderley and +Etchells only. She married Thomas de Stanley.<a name="FNanchor_484_483" id="FNanchor_484_483"></a><a href="#Footnote_484_483" class="fnanchor">[484]</a> John's widow, +Margaret, took for her second husband Sir Robert Babthorpe, and died +1423. Her Inquisition Post Mortem is very interesting. She died seized +of Nether Alderley only, which reverted to her daughter, Matilda +Stanley.</p> + +<p>"The Prince of Wales as Earl of Chester <i>versus</i> Margaret, formerly wife +of John, son of Thomas de Arderne, to determine the right to the manors +of Aldford, Alderdelegh, and Echells, the advowsons, and 10 marks a year +from the manor of Upton, in Wyrehale. It mentions that Thomas and +Walkelyn were illegitimate; but Walkelyn died <i>s.p.</i>, and pleaded the +settlement" (Chester Pleas, 10 Henry IV., m. 9, <i>Genealogist</i>, New +Series, vol. xv.).</p> + +<p>Another Chester Plea Roll records the suit of Richard, son of John de +Radcliff and Matilda his wife, against Isabella, formerly wife of John +de Legh, Chivalier, for land in Modberlegh, which John de Ardene gave to +John de Legh for his life, with remainder to John, son of John de Legh +and Matilda, daughter of John de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span> Ardene, and to the heirs of the bodies +of John de Legh and Matilda (<i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, vol. xiii.).</p> + +<p>Sir Thomas Arden and Sir John bore as arms the three crosses crosslet, +and the chief or, the same as the legitimate family.</p> + +<p>Hugh, the son of Peter Arden, of Alvanley and Hawarden, carried on the +main line, and had full possession of his estates by 1372. He married +twice—first, Agnes Hulme, by whom he had Peter and Ralph;<a name="FNanchor_485_484" id="FNanchor_485_484"></a><a href="#Footnote_485_484" class="fnanchor">[485]</a> and +second, Cicely de Hyde,<a name="FNanchor_486_485" id="FNanchor_486_485"></a><a href="#Footnote_486_485" class="fnanchor">[486]</a> by whom he had John, who lived in the +service of the King. The seal of Peter, son of Hugh de Arderne, of +Macclesfield, co. Chester, 1372,<a name="FNanchor_487_486" id="FNanchor_487_486"></a><a href="#Footnote_487_486" class="fnanchor">[487]</a> is preserved in the British +Museum, and bears three crosses crosslet and a chief Arderne. Old and +infirm, Hugh was granted exemption from military service in 1408.</p> + +<p>Charles Arden, son of John, son of Peter, married Elizabeth Radcliffe in +Edward III.'s time, and through her inheritance became owner of +Timporley, and founded the Timporley branch of Ardens.</p> + +<p>The pedigree of the family is given <i>in extenso</i> in Drummond, Earwaker, +Ormerod, and the Visitations of Cheshire, so that it is unnecessary to +repeat it here. Further intermarriages with the Hydes<a name="FNanchor_488_487" id="FNanchor_488_487"></a><a href="#Footnote_488_487" class="fnanchor">[488]</a> are recorded. +Ralph Ardern, of Harden, led his tenantry against the Royalists, 1642, +and died 1657. Sir John, head of the family, in 1660 was Sheriff of +Cheshire. One of his brothers was the Rev. James Arden, Dean of Chester, +1691.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p> + +<p>John, who was Sheriff in 1760, married Sarah Pepper, who brought Pepper +Hall into the family. Their son, Richard Pepper Arden, Chief Justice of +the Common Pleas, was created Baron Alvanley<a name="FNanchor_489_488" id="FNanchor_489_488"></a><a href="#Footnote_489_488" class="fnanchor">[489]</a> 1801. He had three +sons, John, William, and Richard. The title became extinct 1857.<a name="FNanchor_490_489" id="FNanchor_490_489"></a><a href="#Footnote_490_489" class="fnanchor">[490]</a> +The arms were the three crosses crosslet and a chief or; crest, a double +row of ostrich feathers out of a ducal coronet.</p> + +<p>There is a curious will at Somerset House<a name="FNanchor_491_490" id="FNanchor_491_490"></a><a href="#Footnote_491_490" class="fnanchor">[491]</a> (January 9, 1614) of +Thomas Arden, of Hornsey, gentleman, who seems to have been connected +with this family. After trifling legacies, he leaves his lease in +Cheshire of Melton Farm to his dear and well-beloved sister, Ann Ardern. +"Executors, my beloved sister Anne Arderen, ever faithful friend, and +Richard Drape of Hornsey gent."—proved January 17, 1614. But another +similar will of the same man was again proved, 1615, by Anne and another +co-executor.</p> + +<p>In Berry's "Sussex Genealogies" we find that George Ardern, son of +George Ardern, born in Chester, came to Chichester, married Catharine, +daughter and coheir of Robert Palmer, Esq., and had three sons—George, +John, and Richard. Richard married Margaret, daughter of Thomas Green, +and had three sons and a daughter—Thomas, George, Richard, and +Catherine.</p> + +<p>An important official Arden was John, who in the reign of Henry V. was +Clerk of the Works.<a name="FNanchor_492_491" id="FNanchor_492_491"></a><a href="#Footnote_492_491" class="fnanchor">[492]</a> His patent was renewed under Henry VI., and +payments are recorded to him for making the tomb of King Henry V.<a name="FNanchor_493_492" id="FNanchor_493_492"></a><a href="#Footnote_493_492" class="fnanchor">[493]</a> +in St. Peter's, Westminster, of Caen stone, £23 6s. 8d.; for repairs in +the Tower; in the palace of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> Westminster; and in the castle of +Wallingford. He was also Clerk of the Works at York, and in 22 Henry VI. +was made Baron of the Exchequer, and had various grants.</p> + +<p>Foss believes him to be the father of Sir Peter Arderne,<a name="FNanchor_494_493" id="FNanchor_494_493"></a><a href="#Footnote_494_493" class="fnanchor">[494]</a> also in +royal service. In 18 Henry VI. he was deputy of William de la Pole, Earl +of Suffolk, chief seneschal of the Duchy of Lancaster. He took the coif +February 14, 1443, and was made King's Serjeant and Chief Baron of the +Exchequer May 2, 1448. Dugdale does not mention him as a Judge of Common +Pleas, but he received his patent July 7, 26 Henry VI., and must have +held double office. In 1461 his patents were renewed, but in the +following year there was a new Chief Baron, though Sir Peter retained +his other offices. He had a tun of wine annually for life. His will<a name="FNanchor_495_494" id="FNanchor_495_494"></a><a href="#Footnote_495_494" class="fnanchor">[495]</a> +is so interesting from a literary point of view, as well as a +genealogical one, that it is worthy of fuller notice. He and his wife +Katharine had founded a chantry in Netteswell, Essex, and a chapel in +the parish of Latton, Essex, where they resided. He left to these and +many other charitable purposes handsome legacies; and to his wife, Dame +Katharine, he left his "daily Primer," much plate and furniture, a +crucifix, the furniture of a chapel, his "book of legends in English, +and his English translation of 'Bonaventura de vita et passione +Christi.'" To his "son, John Bohun," armour, and his book in English of +"Boys de Consolacione Philosophiæ, with the booke of Hunting therein." +To his daughter, Anne Bohun, furniture, and a French booke, "Giles de +Reginum Principii." To his daughter, Elizabeth Skreene,<a name="FNanchor_496_495" id="FNanchor_496_495"></a><a href="#Footnote_496_495" class="fnanchor">[496]</a> furniture +and a mass-book. To his son,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span> John Skreene, "myne owne volume of old +statutes with the Register, and ye new Lawes therein; my newe statutes +and a boke of termes of parchemyn, and a good boke compiled of Law with +a yallow leather covering, and a booke of law of termes of 2 Ed. II. in +parchemyn, a greate booke of gramer, with the Siege of Troy borded, a +greate booke called Catholicon borded, and a good new bounden fair +little book compiled of Assises." "To my ward, Thomas Bibbesworth, his +own marriage free to himself,<a name="FNanchor_497_496" id="FNanchor_497_496"></a><a href="#Footnote_497_496" class="fnanchor">[497]</a> my best Register of Lawe, my owne +gret compiled booke of Lawe covered with red leather, and a horn upon it +... a booke of lawe in parchemyn compiled and bokeled, a boke of terms +of Law on paper, with A<sup>o</sup> 32-A<sup>o</sup> 39 and other yeares therein." "To my +niece, Margaret Newport, a table of ivory with the Salutation of our +Lady in ymages of silver. To my brother, Master Thomas Arden, my scarlet +gowne furred, my book flowered Barthm. his own booke of Lucerna, +conscience, his Sawter glosed, my booke of the Life of St. Thomas of +Canterbury." To his cousin, Master John Roclif, a hoode; to his brother, +parson of Hadham, a cloke; to his nephew, Guy Arden, a gowne. Other +remembrances follow. His interest in the forest of Galtuce, in +Yorkshire, in the towns of Hoby and Esmeswold, to be sold to pay his +debts. His wife to have all the residue if she remain unmarried. The +manors of Monkhall and Enfield to his wife, reverting to his daughters; +the manor of Swale in Godilston to his wife, and to any heir she +chooses. Executors: Dame Katherine Arden, his wife, and Master +Thomas<a name="FNanchor_498_497" id="FNanchor_498_497"></a><a href="#Footnote_498_497" class="fnanchor">[498]</a> Ardern, his brother, and others,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> February 20, 1466, proved +July 10, 1467. A rubbing of the sepulchral brass in memory of Sir Peter +and his wife<a name="FNanchor_499_498" id="FNanchor_499_498"></a><a href="#Footnote_499_498" class="fnanchor">[499]</a> at Latton is preserved in the British Museum. His arms +were: Or, three pellets azure on a chief gules, three lozenges +argent.<a name="FNanchor_500_499" id="FNanchor_500_499"></a><a href="#Footnote_500_499" class="fnanchor">[500]</a> Bobbingworth Hall, Ongar, Essex,<a name="FNanchor_501_500" id="FNanchor_501_500"></a><a href="#Footnote_501_500" class="fnanchor">[501]</a> was conveyed to +Richard Ardern 1423, and to Sir Peter Ardern 1446. In that year also +Gregory Wery released Latton Hall, Harlow Half Hundred, to Peter Ardern +and his heirs for ever.<a name="FNanchor_502_501" id="FNanchor_502_501"></a><a href="#Footnote_502_501" class="fnanchor">[502]</a> The will of the Guy Arden,<a name="FNanchor_503_502" id="FNanchor_503_502"></a><a href="#Footnote_503_502" class="fnanchor">[503]</a> nephew of +Sir Peter, was drawn up July 24, 1498. He left legacies to the master, +every brother, and every servant of St. John's College, Cambridge; to +Sir Christopher Wright, Fellow of St. John's, his journal; to Mr. Bowes, +of King's College, his great beads; to the Lady Prioress of Crabhouse, +"2 portuess of written hande and x<sup>s</sup>, and to her convent 6<sup>s</sup> 8<sup>d</sup>." The +residue to Dr. William Robinson and Master John Basse, Bach. of Civill +Lawe.</p> + +<p>A curious group of wills seem to prove that the Alice Green who married +John Holgrave, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, must have previously +married an Arden,<a name="FNanchor_504_503" id="FNanchor_504_503"></a><a href="#Footnote_504_503" class="fnanchor">[504]</a> and had children by him. Sir John Holgrave's will +was drawn up on August 6, 1486.<a name="FNanchor_505_504" id="FNanchor_505_504"></a><a href="#Footnote_505_504" class="fnanchor">[505]</a> After church bequests, he leaves to +his son Thomas some plate, "of the gift of Elizabeth Greene, my +mother-in-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span>law," forty marks to his son John, and fifty marks to his +daughter Elizabeth. "To the brotherhood of the Clerkes of London, wher I +am a brother, 13/4." To Katherine Coleyn, 100<sup>s</sup>; to Alice Green, +100<sup>s</sup>; to <i>Richard Arden</i>, towards his learning, 10 marks, and one of +his best gowns; to Master Walter Ardern, parson of Cheyham, 100<sup>s</sup>; the +residue to his wife Alice. Executors: Alice, his wife, Thomas Holgrave, +his son, Master Walter Arden, and Richard Ardern. If his sons and +daughters die without heirs, his estate to go to Richard Arden, his +son-in-law, and Master Walter Arden. His wife Alice made her will in +1487.<a name="FNanchor_506_505" id="FNanchor_506_505"></a><a href="#Footnote_506_505" class="fnanchor">[506]</a> Her son Thomas was to have fifty marks, her son John £100, +and her daughter Besse £100. "Also to Richard, my son, 100 marc; to Mr. +Wat, my son, 100 marc; to Katerine, my daughter,<a name="FNanchor_507_506" id="FNanchor_507_506"></a><a href="#Footnote_507_506" class="fnanchor">[507]</a> £40; to Elizabeth, +my daughter, 10 marc." "<i>Cousin Alice Skreene</i>"<a name="FNanchor_508_507" id="FNanchor_508_507"></a><a href="#Footnote_508_507" class="fnanchor">[508]</a> was to have 10 +marks also. There were gifts of plate to her sons Thomas and John and +daughter Besse, to Richard and Mr. Water, her sons, and her daughter +Katharine. Executors: My son Mr. Walter Ardern, my son Richard Ardern, +my son Thomas Holgrave. Overseers: Master Litton and my daughter +Katharine. Proved September 21, 1487.</p> + +<p>The above-mentioned Master Walter Arden,<a name="FNanchor_509_508" id="FNanchor_509_508"></a><a href="#Footnote_509_508" class="fnanchor">[509]</a> parson of Cheyham, Surrey, +September 13, 1482, left legacies to every household in his parish; and +10 marks each to Richard, my brother, to Thomas, my brother, to John, my +brother, to Elizabeth Ardern, my sister, to Elizabeth Holgrave, my +sister, to the daughters of my sister Collyns, and to various cousins. +Also to the daughters of Mr. Codyngton, and 10 marcs to poor scholars. +Twenty shillings to reparation of St. Mary's, Cambridge. The residue to +Richard Arden, my brother.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> Executors: John Deye, Sir John Norwood, and +John Codyngton, the younger, with 10 marks each. Proved October 2, 1492.</p> + +<p>Seven years afterwards Richard Arden, of Bosham,<a name="FNanchor_510_509" id="FNanchor_510_509"></a><a href="#Footnote_510_509" class="fnanchor">[510]</a> Sussex, and of +Bermondsey, left legacies to various churches, and to his brothers +Thomas and John Holgrave. Johane, his wife, sole heir and executor,<a name="FNanchor_511_510" id="FNanchor_511_510"></a><a href="#Footnote_511_510" class="fnanchor">[511]</a> +with reversion to John Holgrave. Overseers: John of Lee, of Addyngton, +Richard Culpepper, of Ardyns Lee, and John Chaloner, Huwild, 1499.</p> + +<p>The name "Collins" makes one think there may be some connection with the +following: Walter Arden,<a name="FNanchor_512_511" id="FNanchor_512_511"></a><a href="#Footnote_512_511" class="fnanchor">[512]</a> of Hampton, in Highworth, Wilts, makes his +will on April 1, 1540. He leaves to Thomas Ardern, the elder son of my +brother, Richard Arden, £40 and farm stock; to Johane Arden, my servant, +sister to Thomas, £20; to Margaret Sewell, my daughter, £100 and all my +lands; to Elizabeth Palmer, my sister's daughter, and to other +grandchildren, money gifts. My daughter Elizabeth sole executrix; Simon +Yate supervisor.</p> + +<p>The goods of Edith Arden, Hampton Turvil, Wilts, were administered in +1578, and those of Richard Arden, of Chilton, 1641.</p> + +<p>John Arden,<a name="FNanchor_513_512" id="FNanchor_513_512"></a><a href="#Footnote_513_512" class="fnanchor">[513]</a> of Hampton Turville, Highworth,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> Wilts, yeoman, August +16, 1585, leaves half his goods to his wife Amy as long as she is +unmarried, reversion to Thomas Arden, his son; to Editha Collyns, £6 +13s. 4d.; to Agnes Collyns, 20s.; to Elizabeth Collyns, 20s.; to Walter +Arden, my godson, 10s.; to Elizabeth Arden, the daughter of my brother, +Henry Arden, a sheep; to each of the children of my brother Richard a +sheep. All the residue to my son, Thomas Arden, executor. Overseers, +brothers Thomas and Virgill Arden, who were also witnesses. Proved +November 28, 1585.</p> + +<p>The will was proved of Thomas Arden, of Hampton Turvill, Highworth, +Wilts, yeoman, February 3, 1621. His wife Agnes to live in the house in +convenient rooms and have £10 a year, payable out of the manor of +Westthroppe, in the parish of Heynes; or, if she does not like her diet, +£20 a year. He stands possessed for a terme of 1,000 years in the moitie +and one-half part of one-fifth of the manor of Westthropp, to be given +to eldest son, Thomas Arden, and heirs male; if no heirs, to John Arden, +his second son; then to Edward Arden, his third son; to Nicholas Arden, +his fourth son, each of which are to have £100. To Henry Arden, my son, +£4 a year, and his dwelling in the house at Hampton and good usage +there, and if he does not like his treatment, to have £10 a year. To +John, my son, my tenements in Birdlip, Gloucester; to Edward, my son, a +house in Highworth and the Chantrey House. My kinsman, Thomas Arden, of +Fairford, Gloucester, oweth me £40. I give this to Agnes, my daughter, +wife of Henry Gearinge. Thomas, his son, sole executor. His loving +brother, Thomas Stratton, and Henry Gearing, overseers.<a name="FNanchor_514_513" id="FNanchor_514_513"></a><a href="#Footnote_514_513" class="fnanchor">[514]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Ardernes of Cottesford and Kirtlington, Oxford, bore the same arms +as the Park Hall Ardens, with a mullet for difference;<a name="FNanchor_515_514" id="FNanchor_515_514"></a><a href="#Footnote_515_514" class="fnanchor">[515]</a> but the +relationship is not given in the pedigree of the Visitation. It only +starts with Robert Arden of Cottesford, whose son William<a name="FNanchor_516_515" id="FNanchor_516_515"></a><a href="#Footnote_516_515" class="fnanchor">[516]</a> married +Agnes Stotesby of Evenley, and he had, first, Thomas, second, John, +third, William, fourth, George. His daughter Alice married Thomas Thorne +of Northampton. Thomas predeceased his father and John succeeded, who +married, first, Isabel Woodward, widow of Richard Swillington, who bore +him a son, Leonard, who became a priest, and Eleanor, married to Anthony +Yate. John married, second, Isabell, daughter of John Gifford, of +Twyford, Bucks, by whom he had John Arden, of Cottesford (who married +Catharine, daughter of John Cheyney, and whose son was John Arden), +Richard, and Anthony, who married Margery, daughter and heir of Walter +Coxe, of Kirtlington, through whom he acquired this property. Anthony's +family consisted of John, Thomas,<a href="#Footnote_517_516" class="fnanchor">[517]</a> Henry,<a name="FNanchor_517_516" id="FNanchor_517_516"></a><a href="#Footnote_517_516" class="fnanchor">[517]</a> Alice, Margaret, and Mary.</p> + +<p>There were Indentures drawn up between Henry VIII. and "John Arderne, of +Cotisford" (see Cromwell's "Remembrances," 1534).</p> + +<p>The will of John Arden, of Cottesford, Oxfordshire, gentleman,<a name="FNanchor_518_517" id="FNanchor_518_517"></a><a href="#Footnote_518_517" class="fnanchor">[518]</a> +November 12, 1557, furnishes us with some particulars. He wished to be +buried before the cross in Cottesford beside his father's tomb. To +Katharine,<a name="FNanchor_519_518" id="FNanchor_519_518"></a><a href="#Footnote_519_518" class="fnanchor">[519]</a> his wife, if she claimed no jointure, an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span> annuity of £13 +6s. 8d. (to be paid by brother Richard Arden, in the lordship of +Willaston), 300 marks, and the house they dwell in, with half the +furniture, etc. "To every of the children of Roger Arndern, of Evynley, +now living, twenty shillings." To his cousin, Robert Thorne, to his +cousin, Nicholas Thorne's wife, to his sister, Eleanor Yates, legacies. +"To John Ardern, son of Anthony Ardern,<a name="FNanchor_520_519" id="FNanchor_520_519"></a><a href="#Footnote_520_519" class="fnanchor">[520]</a> my young brother," +tenements, etc.; failing whom, they were to pass to Henry Ardern, third +son of his said brother. To the wives of Richard and Anthony, his +brothers, four angels. To Richard, his brother, all his titles to +Cottesford and Willaston, and to Anthony, his younger brother, the title +of his lease of Shelliswell. Residue to his brothers, the executors; +desiring Mr. Walter Wright, Doctor of the Civil Law and Archdeacon of +Oxfordshire, to be overseer. Witnesses, Nicholas Thorne, Walter Prior, +and John Tench. "Memor.: Laurence Pate, parson of Harwicke, had to hide +the will in his coffer till Arden's death."<a name="FNanchor_521_520" id="FNanchor_521_520"></a><a href="#Footnote_521_520" class="fnanchor">[521]</a></p> + +<p>Robert Arden, of Berwyck, writes to the Earl of Leicester about Mr. +Arden, of Cotesford, March 1, 1588.</p> + +<p>John Arden in 1595 prays some Court service. But in January, 1595-96, he +has been sent to the Marshalsea on suspicion of treason, when he was +about to marry. Nicholas Poutor, in October, 1601, promises to pay £100 +to John Ardern, of Kirtlington, in October, 1602.</p> + +<p>These Ardens are evidently connected with those of Evenly in +Northamptonshire. Thomas Arden, of Evenly, died between 1520-26; Roger +Arden, of Evenly, 1537-40; William Arden, of Norton, 1548-61.<a name="FNanchor_522_521" id="FNanchor_522_521"></a><a href="#Footnote_522_521" class="fnanchor">[522]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span> The +Inventory of the goods of John Arden, of Evenley, gent., was taken +November 9, 1559. On the back of this is a settlement, dated 1576, +between John and Thomas Arden, and others.<a name="FNanchor_523_522" id="FNanchor_523_522"></a><a href="#Footnote_523_522" class="fnanchor">[523]</a></p> + +<p>It is not clear whether the Cottesford Ardens are in any way connected +with a family residing at Henley-on-Thames, co. Oxon. In a will of +Robert Arden he left everything he had to his wife Margery, August 8, +1493;<a name="FNanchor_524_523" id="FNanchor_524_523"></a><a href="#Footnote_524_523" class="fnanchor">[524]</a> and on February 24, 1525, John Arderne, of Henley,<a name="FNanchor_525_524" id="FNanchor_525_524"></a><a href="#Footnote_525_524" class="fnanchor">[525]</a> drew +up a will leaving to his daughter Margery £6 13s. 4d.; and to his wife +Johane all his lands and tenements, with remainder, first to his son and +heir, Humphrey Arderne, after him to his son Robert, after him to his +son John, after him to his son Edmund or their heirs. His wife Johane, +executrix; James Hayles, overseer. Proved May 4, 1526.</p> + +<p>Beyond the more important habitats, we find Ardens in many English +counties. John Yate, the elder, of Bockland, Berks, gent., in his will, +January 12, 1578,<a name="FNanchor_526_525" id="FNanchor_526_525"></a><a href="#Footnote_526_525" class="fnanchor">[526]</a> mentions his son-in-law, Mr. John Arderne, and +Anthony Arderne, son of his daughter Bridget, deceased. John Daubeney, +of Woolmeston, gent., April 6, 1625, mentions his brother-in-law, Guy +Arden, of West Chinnock.<a name="FNanchor_527_526" id="FNanchor_527_526"></a><a href="#Footnote_527_526" class="fnanchor">[527]</a></p> + +<p>The State Papers mention this family.</p> + +<p>The names of such of the guard under the Earl of Leicester "as have been +lately preferred to your excellency in Holland, and by whom:</p> + +<p>"John Arden, by Mr. Thomas Dudley, January 12, 1585."</p> + +<p>"The names of the Household, Flushing, July 21, 1585, Clerk Comptroller, +Thomas Arden."<a name="FNanchor_528_527" id="FNanchor_528_527"></a><a href="#Footnote_528_527" class="fnanchor">[528]</a></p> + +<p>John Arderne, will June 5, 1605; ob. s. p. Decem<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span>ber 17, 1605. Inq. at +Woodstock, 5 Jac. I. Oxford and Berks. Thomas, brother and heir, æt. 60.</p> + +<p>Thomas Arderne, ob. s. p. August 31, 9 Jac. I. Inq. at Oxford, November +12, 14 Jac. I., Oxford. Henry, brother and heir, æt. 60.</p> + +<p>Henry Arderne, ob. May 4 ult. Inq. at Oxford. August 22, August 20, 20 +Jac. I. Oxford and Somerset. Margaret, d. and h., æt. 10 years 11 months +14 days.</p> + +<p>Of this family probably sprung the Arden mentioned in Bishop Scory's +letter from Whitborn:<a name="FNanchor_529_528" id="FNanchor_529_528"></a><a href="#Footnote_529_528" class="fnanchor">[529]</a> "Messrs. Mug, Blaxton, Arden and Gregory, +popish priests, were driven out of Exeter, but received elsewhere, and +feasted in the streets with torch-light."—August 17, 1561.</p> + +<p>In a search for Arden and other prisoners who had escaped, Popish relics +were found in the house of Francis Yeates, of Lyfford,<a name="FNanchor_530_529" id="FNanchor_530_529"></a><a href="#Footnote_530_529" class="fnanchor">[530]</a> February 12, +1587. "The examination of John Arden,<a name="FNanchor_531_530" id="FNanchor_531_530"></a><a href="#Footnote_531_530" class="fnanchor">[531]</a> gent., son of Laurence Arden, +of Chichester, concerning an attempt made against the King of Spain, and +his dealings with Dr. Hall and other fugitives. His brother Robert had +been 24 years a Canon of Toledo in Spain."—December 27, 1590 (?). A +prisoner named Arden is noted for years among the accounts of the Tower +for the boarding of prisoners, and a Mr. Arden<a name="FNanchor_532_531" id="FNanchor_532_531"></a><a href="#Footnote_532_531" class="fnanchor">[532]</a> escaped thence with +Father Gerard by the assistance of John Lily and Richard Fulwood, +October 8, 1597.</p> + +<p>Thomas Arden, Canon of Worcester 1558, was deprived for Catholicism in +1562. (See Wood's "Athenæ Oxonienses"; and also "John Arden(?), late +prebendary of Worcester, accused of heresy 1561.")</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_465_464" id="Footnote_465_464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_465_464"><span class="label">[465]</span></a> Ormerod's "Cheshire." Ormerod's "Miscellanea Palatina," +72.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_466_465" id="Footnote_466_465"></a><a href="#FNanchor_466_465"><span class="label">[466]</span></a> Earwaker's "East Cheshire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_467_466" id="Footnote_467_466"></a><a href="#FNanchor_467_466"><span class="label">[467]</span></a> Close Roll, 1213.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_468_467" id="Footnote_468_467"></a><a href="#FNanchor_468_467"><span class="label">[468]</span></a> Bridge's "Northampton"; Whalley's "Northampton," i. 568; +Baker's "Northampton."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_469_468" id="Footnote_469_468"></a><a href="#FNanchor_469_468"><span class="label">[469]</span></a> Nichols's "Top. et Gen.," i. 47-480.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_470_469" id="Footnote_470_469"></a><a href="#FNanchor_470_469"><span class="label">[470]</span></a> Issue Roll. Michaelmas, 41 Henry III.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_471_470" id="Footnote_471_470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_471_470"><span class="label">[471]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, 9 Edward II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_472_471" id="Footnote_472_471"></a><a href="#FNanchor_472_471"><span class="label">[472]</span></a> Ormerod's "Miscellanea Palatina," 73; Nichols's "Coll. +Geneal. et Topog.," i. 47.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_473_472" id="Footnote_473_472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_473_472"><span class="label">[473]</span></a> Nichols's "Top. et Gen.," vi. 324.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_474_473" id="Footnote_474_473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_474_473"><span class="label">[474]</span></a> Charters lxxxii., 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_475_474" id="Footnote_475_474"></a><a href="#FNanchor_475_474"><span class="label">[475]</span></a> Earwaker's "East Cheshire," i. 324.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_476_475" id="Footnote_476_475"></a><a href="#FNanchor_476_475"><span class="label">[476]</span></a> Nichols's "Top. et Gen.," iv., p. 67.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_477_476" id="Footnote_477_476"></a><a href="#FNanchor_477_476"><span class="label">[477]</span></a> Nicolas's "Roll of Shropshire," 27 Edward II., p. 98, and +Nichols's "Top. et Gen.," vi. 324. No. 967, Parliamentary Roll of Arms +(<i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, xii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_478_477" id="Footnote_478_477"></a><a href="#FNanchor_478_477"><span class="label">[478]</span></a> Shaw's "Staffordshire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_479_478" id="Footnote_479_478"></a><a href="#FNanchor_479_478"><span class="label">[479]</span></a> Inquis., December 23, 23 Edward III., 1349. See also +Shaw's "Staffordshire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_480_479" id="Footnote_480_479"></a><a href="#FNanchor_480_479"><span class="label">[480]</span></a> Ormerod's "Miscellanea Palatina."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_481_480" id="Footnote_481_480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_481_480"><span class="label">[481]</span></a> Earwaker's "East Cheshire," i. 13, 324.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_482_481" id="Footnote_482_481"></a><a href="#FNanchor_482_481"><span class="label">[482]</span></a> See Inquis. P. M., 15 Richard II., Sir Thomas of +Elleford, Haselor, Kingsbromley, etc.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_483_482" id="Footnote_483_482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_483_482"><span class="label">[483]</span></a> See Will at Somerset House, 17 March. Inquis. P. M., 10 +Henry IV., John of Elford, Lichfield, Kingsbromley, etc.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_484_483" id="Footnote_484_483"></a><a href="#FNanchor_484_483"><span class="label">[484]</span></a> A Cecilia de Arderne also appears as wife to a John +Stanley.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_485_484" id="Footnote_485_484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_485_484"><span class="label">[485]</span></a> Ralph married Catharine, daughter of Sir W. Stanley, and +had a son Thomas, from whom the Leicestershire Ardens +descended.—"Cheshire Visitations."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_486_485" id="Footnote_486_485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_486_485"><span class="label">[486]</span></a> Drummond's "Noble British Families."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_487_486" id="Footnote_487_486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_487_486"><span class="label">[487]</span></a> Add. Ch., 20, 492.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_488_487" id="Footnote_488_487"></a><a href="#FNanchor_488_487"><span class="label">[488]</span></a> Ashmolean MSS., Bodleian Library. 833, f. 51-59. The +family of Hyde and Arderne, 837, f. 128, and 1137, f. 135 (Arderne +pedigree. Harleian MS., 2074, f. 113). Frances Marbury, née Arden, +married Thomas Marbury, Esq., Marbury (Chester Funeral Certificates, +1634). Earwaker's "East Cheshire," i. 472.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_489_488" id="Footnote_489_488"></a><a href="#FNanchor_489_488"><span class="label">[489]</span></a> Earwaker's "East Cheshire," 472.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_490_489" id="Footnote_490_489"></a><a href="#FNanchor_490_489"><span class="label">[490]</span></a> Burke's "General Armory."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_491_490" id="Footnote_491_490"></a><a href="#FNanchor_491_490"><span class="label">[491]</span></a> Commissary Court of London, vol. for 1614, ff. 387 and +443.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_492_491" id="Footnote_492_491"></a><a href="#FNanchor_492_491"><span class="label">[492]</span></a> Foss's "Lives of the Judges," iv. 281. Was he son of +Peter of Alvanley and Cicely de Hyde?</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_493_492" id="Footnote_493_492"></a><a href="#FNanchor_493_492"><span class="label">[493]</span></a> Issues of the Exchequer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_494_493" id="Footnote_494_493"></a><a href="#FNanchor_494_493"><span class="label">[494]</span></a> Foss's "Lives of the Judges," iv.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_495_494" id="Footnote_495_494"></a><a href="#FNanchor_495_494"><span class="label">[495]</span></a> 19 Godyn, Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_496_495" id="Footnote_496_495"></a><a href="#FNanchor_496_495"><span class="label">[496]</span></a> See in 1510 pardon and release to Elizabeth Skreene, +<i>alias</i> widow of Richard Harpur, <i>alias</i> widow of Andrew Dymock, +daughter of Sir Peter Ardern (Papers, Henry VIII.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_497_496" id="Footnote_497_496"></a><a href="#FNanchor_497_496"><span class="label">[497]</span></a> Thomas de Bibbesworth, who died 1485, held a moiety of +the manor of Latton (Morant's "Essex," ii. 487).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_498_497" id="Footnote_498_497"></a><a href="#FNanchor_498_497"><span class="label">[498]</span></a> Newcourt, ii. 543. A Thomas Arden, S.T.B., Prebend of +Reculverland in St. Paul's; Rector of Hadham Magna, exchanged for St. +Bride's, London; Rector of Stambridge Parva 1472. One of the masters of +the college of Pleshy was also called Thomas Arden, 1477, but seems to +have been another of the name. William Arden was presented to +Stambridge, 1474.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_499_498" id="Footnote_499_498"></a><a href="#FNanchor_499_498"><span class="label">[499]</span></a> Add MS., xxxii. 490 (u. 9).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_500_499" id="Footnote_500_499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_500_499"><span class="label">[500]</span></a> Morant's "Essex," ii. 487.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_501_500" id="Footnote_501_500"></a><a href="#FNanchor_501_500"><span class="label">[501]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, i. 148.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_502_501" id="Footnote_502_501"></a><a href="#FNanchor_502_501"><span class="label">[502]</span></a> Close Rolls, 24 and 25 Henry VI.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_503_502" id="Footnote_503_502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_503_502"><span class="label">[503]</span></a> 24 Horne. Vicar of Littlebury, February 16, 1463; +Strethall, April 25, 1467; Upminster, March 2, 1483 (Newcourt, ii. +394).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_504_503" id="Footnote_504_503"></a><a href="#FNanchor_504_503"><span class="label">[504]</span></a> Could it have been John Arden, executor of Walter Green? +See Will of Walter Green, Lord of the Manor of Hayes in Middlesex, +December 6, 35 Henry VI., 1456, proved on February 12 by Elizabeth his +wife, John Gaynsford, his son-in-law, John Arden, Robert Green, his son, +and John Catesby, his son-in-law. His daughter Alice was wife of Sir +John Holgrave (Nichols, i. 211).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_505_504" id="Footnote_505_504"></a><a href="#FNanchor_505_504"><span class="label">[505]</span></a> 4 Milles.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_506_505" id="Footnote_506_505"></a><a href="#FNanchor_506_505"><span class="label">[506]</span></a> 5 Milles.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_507_506" id="Footnote_507_506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_507_506"><span class="label">[507]</span></a> Katharine Collins. See previous will.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_508_507" id="Footnote_508_507"></a><a href="#FNanchor_508_507"><span class="label">[508]</span></a> See will of Sir Peter Arderne, p. 203.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_509_508" id="Footnote_509_508"></a><a href="#FNanchor_509_508"><span class="label">[509]</span></a> 9 Dogett.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_510_509" id="Footnote_510_509"></a><a href="#FNanchor_510_509"><span class="label">[510]</span></a> Moone. Commissary Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_511_510" id="Footnote_511_510"></a><a href="#FNanchor_511_510"><span class="label">[511]</span></a> Byfleet Manor in Busselagh parish, Surrey, belonged to +John de Arderne, 2 Edward III. (see Close Roll, 2 Edward III., m. 24), +and Mitcham (Inquis. P. M., 22 Edward III.). Leigh Place, near Reigate, +belonged to the Ardernes <i>temp.</i> Henry VI. John Arderne was Sheriff of +Surrey and Sussex in 1432. In Leigh Church is a sepulchral brass in +memory of John Arderne and Elizabeth his wife and six children, without +date. Also one to the memory of Richard Arderne and Johanna his wife, +which Richard died November 22, 1489(?). His arms were a Fesse chequy +between three crescents impaling a chevron three stags. Among gentlemen +12 Henry VI., "John Ardern of Lye," arm. (Fuller's "Worthies of Surrey," +33; in Rot. Capella. Inquis. P. M., 15 Henry VII., Richard Arden). +Brayley's "Surrey," iv. 282.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_512_511" id="Footnote_512_511"></a><a href="#FNanchor_512_511"><span class="label">[512]</span></a> 8 Alenger.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_513_512" id="Footnote_513_512"></a><a href="#FNanchor_513_512"><span class="label">[513]</span></a> 54 Brudenell. See "Berkshire Wills." The Loan, 1523. The +certificate of Simon Yate, Highworth, and of Westropp, Walter Arden. +Pap. Henry VIII., P. R. O. In 1539 Simon and Thomas Yate each find a +horse, harness, bill, sword and dagger, and Walter Arden a horse and +harness with bows and arrows; Thomas Arden a harness.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_514_513" id="Footnote_514_513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_514_513"><span class="label">[514]</span></a> 53 Dale.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_515_514" id="Footnote_515_514"></a><a href="#FNanchor_515_514"><span class="label">[515]</span></a> See Harl. MS., 1095, f. 93. Harl. Public., Visit. Oxford. +Sir Thomas Phillipps' "Oxfordshire Visitations."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_516_515" id="Footnote_516_515"></a><a href="#FNanchor_516_515"><span class="label">[516]</span></a> Fuller's "Worthies of England," Oxfordshire, 343, gives +among the county gentry of 12 Henry VI. a William Anderne(?). Fuller +thinks the Commissioners passed too many gentry for this small shire. In +others it was the cream, here the thin milk.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_517_516" id="Footnote_517_516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_517_516"><span class="label">[517]</span></a> Inquis. P. M. of Thomas, 14 James I., of Henry, 20 James +I.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_518_517" id="Footnote_518_517"></a><a href="#FNanchor_518_517"><span class="label">[518]</span></a> 52 Wrastley.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_519_518" id="Footnote_519_518"></a><a href="#FNanchor_519_518"><span class="label">[519]</span></a> Katharine, daughter of John Cheney of Woodaye, Esq., +married to John Arderne of Cottesford, co. Oxon. See Visitation of +Wiltshire, 1565 (<i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, xii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_520_519" id="Footnote_520_519"></a><a href="#FNanchor_520_519"><span class="label">[520]</span></a> He had to prove his right to Kirtlington and Jackley, +Oxfordfordshire (Hil. Rec., 10 Elizabeth, Rot. 38).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_521_520" id="Footnote_521_520"></a><a href="#FNanchor_521_520"><span class="label">[521]</span></a> Anthony's will was proved in 1572, 3 Peter, Somerset +House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_522_521" id="Footnote_522_521"></a><a href="#FNanchor_522_521"><span class="label">[522]</span></a> Northampton and Rutland Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_523_522" id="Footnote_523_522"></a><a href="#FNanchor_523_522"><span class="label">[523]</span></a> Inq. P. M., 1 & 2, Ph. & M.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_524_523" id="Footnote_524_523"></a><a href="#FNanchor_524_523"><span class="label">[524]</span></a> 11 Vox, Somerset House Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_525_524" id="Footnote_525_524"></a><a href="#FNanchor_525_524"><span class="label">[525]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, 6 Porch.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_526_525" id="Footnote_526_525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_526_525"><span class="label">[526]</span></a> Somersetshire Wills, printed, Fourth Series.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_527_526" id="Footnote_527_526"></a><a href="#FNanchor_527_526"><span class="label">[527]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_528_527" id="Footnote_528_527"></a><a href="#FNanchor_528_527"><span class="label">[528]</span></a> Cotton MS., Galba, c. viii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_529_528" id="Footnote_529_528"></a><a href="#FNanchor_529_528"><span class="label">[529]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., xix. 24.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_530_529" id="Footnote_530_529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_530_529"><span class="label">[530]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, cxcviii. 12.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_531_530" id="Footnote_531_530"></a><a href="#FNanchor_531_530"><span class="label">[531]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, ccxxxiv. 66.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_532_531" id="Footnote_532_531"></a><a href="#FNanchor_532_531"><span class="label">[532]</span></a> "Life of Father John Gerard," by John Morris, p. cxv.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h3>BRANCHES IN OTHER COUNTIES</h3> + + +<p>An interesting Arden whom I have not been able to connect with any +relatives was John Arderne, of Newark,<a name="FNanchor_533_532" id="FNanchor_533_532"></a><a href="#Footnote_533_532" class="fnanchor">[533]</a> a physician who practised +with distinction at the time of the plague, 1349, and whose medical +books were freely quoted by Johannes Argentein and succeeding medical +writers.</p> + +<p>I have not found his arms. There is, indeed, the seal of a John Arderne, +son and heir of Sir Adam de Arderne, of Lincolnshire, 1312, in the +British Museum, bearing a shield<a name="FNanchor_534_533" id="FNanchor_534_533"></a><a href="#Footnote_534_533" class="fnanchor">[534]</a> "Ermine, on a bend three crosses +crosslet, depending from a tree of three small branches," who might have +been the same person.</p> + +<p>Richard Arderne owned a messuage in Stanford, Lincoln, 27 Edward III., +Inquis. P.M. As late as 1501 an Edmund Arden,<a name="FNanchor_535_534" id="FNanchor_535_534"></a><a href="#Footnote_535_534" class="fnanchor">[535]</a> of St. Martin's, +Lincoln, left a gown to his brother Thomas, a gown to Pierce Arden, and +other legacies. John Gedney married Mary, daughter of John Arden, of +Sibsey, co. Lincoln (Visitation, 1592). In the neighbourhood there was a +noted Robert de Arderne, of co. Norfolk, 1315, whose seal bears two +shields side by side in fesse; Dext. ermine a fesse chequy Arden; +Sinist. on a fesse three garbs with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span> cabalistic letters, explained in +<i>Journ. Brit. Arch. Ass.</i>, xl. 317.<a name="FNanchor_536_535" id="FNanchor_536_535"></a><a href="#Footnote_536_535" class="fnanchor">[536]</a></p> + +<p>Nothing brilliant is recorded of the Ardens of Yorkshire. Sir —— de +Arderne, bearing arms Arg. a lion ramp. az. debruized by a baston gu., +appears in Planché's Roll of Arms of Henry III.<a name="FNanchor_537_536" id="FNanchor_537_536"></a><a href="#Footnote_537_536" class="fnanchor">[537]</a> John de Ardern, of +Yorkshire, is in the list of gentlemen of 43 Edward III. He is mentioned +also as witness for Haselden, of Goldyngton, 41 Edward III. Thomas +Arden, of Marton, near Bridlington, 1455, and Margaret, his wife, 1458, +were buried in Bridlington Priory.<a name="FNanchor_538_537" id="FNanchor_538_537"></a><a href="#Footnote_538_537" class="fnanchor">[538]</a> William Ardern, of Belthorp, was +among the gentlemen of 12 Henry VI.<a name="FNanchor_539_538" id="FNanchor_539_538"></a><a href="#Footnote_539_538" class="fnanchor">[539]</a> John Arderne, of Kelingthorpe, +secured an exemption from serving on juries, April 1, 8 Henry VIII., at +Greenwich.<a name="FNanchor_540_539" id="FNanchor_540_539"></a><a href="#Footnote_540_539" class="fnanchor">[540]</a> There are many documents in the Record Office concerning +the sale of the lands of John Ardern, of Kelingthorpe,<a name="FNanchor_541_540" id="FNanchor_541_540"></a><a href="#Footnote_541_540" class="fnanchor">[541]</a> York; and a +receipt from Thomas Perpoint, draper, London, of £516 paid him by John +Arden; also a release to Perpoint and John Arden by Thomas Hennage of +the Cardinal's household. To this Hennage, Arden grants the wardship of +his son Peter; and, if he should die, the wardship of Raffe; failing +whom, the wardship of John, his third son, 1533. His wife was Margery. +Sir Raff Ellerker married Jane, daughter of John Arden, Esq. +(Visitation, Yorks, 1563). There is also noted the Inquis. P. M., of +Peter Arden, of York, 22 Henry VIII.,<a name="FNanchor_542_541" id="FNanchor_542_541"></a><a href="#Footnote_542_541" class="fnanchor">[542]</a> and William Arden's lease of +Yaresthorpe, Yorks. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span> priory of nuns at Arden, founded 1150, was +suppressed in 1536.<a name="FNanchor_543_542" id="FNanchor_543_542"></a><a href="#Footnote_543_542" class="fnanchor">[543]</a></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 438px;"> +<img src="images/imagep214.jpg" width="438" height="600" alt="SWAN THEATRE (BY DR. GAIDERTY.)" title="" /> +<span class="caption">SWAN THEATRE (BY DR. GAIDERTY.)<br /> + +<i>To face p. 214.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>The Ardens appeared also early in Essex. At the Conqueror's Survey, Earl +Eustace of Boulogne owned Horndon-on-the-Hill,<a name="FNanchor_544_543" id="FNanchor_544_543"></a><a href="#Footnote_544_543" class="fnanchor">[544]</a> but the next owners +were Ardernes, who built Ardern Hall. In 1122 Thomas Ardern and his son +Thomas gave to the monks of Bermondsey the tithe of the corn in their +lordship of Horndon. Sir Ralph de Ardern, of Horndon, was Sheriff of +Essex, 39 and 40 Henry III.<a name="FNanchor_545_544" id="FNanchor_545_544"></a><a href="#Footnote_545_544" class="fnanchor">[545]</a> His seal bore on a shield a fesse +chequy between two roundels.<a name="FNanchor_546_545" id="FNanchor_546_545"></a><a href="#Footnote_546_545" class="fnanchor">[546]</a> Sir Thomas de Arderne, the son of +Ralph, used "a seal, bearing two trumpets, mouthpieces in base, between +nine crosses crosslet in fesse, three and three, in pale S. Thome de +Arderne."<a name="FNanchor_547_546" id="FNanchor_547_546"></a><a href="#Footnote_547_546" class="fnanchor">[547]</a> John Lovetot, who died in 1295, held land of him in +Horndon, by the service of one rose of yearly rent; and John de Arderne +granted lands in Rochford 33 Edward I.<a name="FNanchor_548_547" id="FNanchor_548_547"></a><a href="#Footnote_548_547" class="fnanchor">[548]</a> The manor of Walkefares, in +Clavering, Essex, belonged to Walter Arden some time previous to +1340.<a name="FNanchor_549_548" id="FNanchor_549_548"></a><a href="#Footnote_549_548" class="fnanchor">[549]</a></p> + +<p>The property of Timothy Arden, Somerset, was administered 1631.<a name="FNanchor_550_549" id="FNanchor_550_549"></a><a href="#Footnote_550_549" class="fnanchor">[550]</a></p> + +<p>There was an Inquisition Post Mortem of William de Arderne, of +Chelesworthy Manor, Devon, in 56 Henry III. (39). Another of Adam de +Ardern, 53 Henry III. (35), owner of Colverden, Walesworth, and Berton +juxta Gloucester.</p> + +<p>In 1 Edward VI. Inquisition Post Mortem of William Arden, Wig, the +administration of the goods of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span> Richard Arden, of Worcester, was granted +his wife Margaret, 1636 (Admins., 1636-38, f. 116, Worcester).</p> + +<p>William Arden, parson, of Wennington, in 1582, left small legacies to +his sister-in-law, Bridget Doulton, and all the rest to his two +daughters, Alice Arden, who married a Stevenson, and Margaret +Arden.<a name="FNanchor_551_550" id="FNanchor_551_550"></a><a href="#Footnote_551_550" class="fnanchor">[551]</a></p> + +<p>In the Visitation of the Cheshire Ardens, it is stated that from Thomas, +son of Ralph and brother of John, the Leicestershire Ardens are +descended.<a name="FNanchor_552_551" id="FNanchor_552_551"></a><a href="#Footnote_552_551" class="fnanchor">[552]</a></p> + +<p>In the great "History of Leicestershire," edited by Nichols, there are a +few notices of the name, and these chiefly of the Warwickshire Ardens, +who held property in the shire. Baldwin Freville owned certain lands at +Ratcliffe held by Roger de Ardern 1387.<a name="FNanchor_553_552" id="FNanchor_553_552"></a><a href="#Footnote_553_552" class="fnanchor">[553]</a> Sir Robert of Park Hall was +Sheriff of Warwickshire and Leicestershire 16 Henry VI.</p> + +<p>"Thomas Ferrars holds of the heirs of Roger Arden the third part of the +feod of Radcliffe, Leicestershire," 37 Henry VI., Inquis. P. M. (34).</p> + +<p>Simon de Ardern and Hugo de Arderne were priests 1387.<a name="FNanchor_554_553" id="FNanchor_554_553"></a><a href="#Footnote_554_553" class="fnanchor">[554]</a></p> + +<p>In Bedford, the earliest entry I have found is the record of lands of +Sir Thomas de Arderne, "utlagatus pro feloniis et transgressionibus," +Rokesden Manor and Bereford Cottage in Bedfordshire, 21 Edward III. +(Inquis. P. M. 60).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"> +<img src="images/imagep216a.jpg" width="450" height="275" alt="THE BEAR GARDEN AND HOPE THEATRE" title="" /> +<span class="caption">THE BEAR GARDEN AND HOPE THEATRE</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/imagep216b.jpg" width="600" height="400" alt="SWAN THEATRE." title="" /> +<span class="caption">SWAN THEATRE.<br /> + +<i>To face p. 216.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>William Ardern of Struton, in Oskellyswade, co. Beds, Clerk of the +Market to the King's household, Crest a boar quarterly, or and az., +granted by Barker (Stowe, 692; "Misc. Gen. et Her.," Harwood, New +Series, xii. 13).<a name="FNanchor_555_554" id="FNanchor_555_554"></a><a href="#Footnote_555_554" class="fnanchor">[555]</a> A William Ardern wrote to Cromwell, from Hawnes, +May 27, 1535, on behalf of Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span> Franklyn, cited before my Lord of +Lincoln (Letters and Papers Henry VIII., Gairdner). Can these be the +same? Compare pp. 171, 172, 188 and notes.</p> + +<p>There was an Inquisition Post Mortem on the property of Isabel Arden, +Ideot, Bedfordshire, 10 Elizabeth.</p> + +<p>The manor of Lyesnes, in Kent, was released to Thomas Ardern in 37 Henry +VIII.<a name="FNanchor_556_555" id="FNanchor_556_555"></a><a href="#Footnote_556_555" class="fnanchor">[556]</a> There are many notices of the Kent Ardens in Hasted's +"History of Kent." But perhaps public attention was drawn most to the +member of the family who was murdered.<a name="FNanchor_557_556" id="FNanchor_557_556"></a><a href="#Footnote_557_556" class="fnanchor">[557]</a> The story is closely +followed in the "Tragedy of Arden of Feversham," by some attributed to +Shakespeare, though with little probability.</p> + +<p>Burke<a name="FNanchor_558_557" id="FNanchor_558_557"></a><a href="#Footnote_558_557" class="fnanchor">[558]</a> gives many other branches; as, for instance, Arden of Sunbury +Park, Middlesex, and Rickmansworth Park, Herts; arms: Ermine, two +barrulets compony or and azure, in chief three boars' heads erased of +the last, armed of the second, langued gu.</p> + +<p>Ardens of East Burnham, Bucks, same arms. Arden of Blackden Hall, co. +Chester, Ermine, a fesse chequy or and az.; same crest as the Park Hall +arms, but with different motto.</p> + +<p>Various Ardens drifted to London, but there seems to have been one +business family settled there from early times. Thomas of Plumstede left +rents and a cellar, called Drynkwater Taverne, in the parish of St. +Magnus, to John Arderne, fishmonger, September 26, 1361.<a name="FNanchor_559_558" id="FNanchor_559_558"></a><a href="#Footnote_559_558" class="fnanchor">[559]</a> John +Hanhampsted left the reversion of tenements held for life by John +Arderne, Esquire, in the parish of St. Mary Aldermanchurch, May 4, +1424.<a name="FNanchor_560_559" id="FNanchor_560_559"></a><a href="#Footnote_560_559" class="fnanchor">[560]</a> An<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> administration of goods of John Arderne, of St. +Sepulchre's, was granted February 15, 1508.<a name="FNanchor_561_560" id="FNanchor_561_560"></a><a href="#Footnote_561_560" class="fnanchor">[561]</a></p> + +<p>In May, 1534, a pardon was granted John Appowell for abetting John Done, +a thief, who stole a gown and a piece of cloth belonging to Thomas +Ardrenne from the house of Thomas Chief, May, 1534.<a name="FNanchor_562_561" id="FNanchor_562_561"></a><a href="#Footnote_562_561" class="fnanchor">[562]</a></p> + +<p>Thomas Arden, September 29, 1549, citizen and clothworker, left all his +goods to Agnes, his wife; will proved January 27, 1549.<a name="FNanchor_563_562" id="FNanchor_563_562"></a><a href="#Footnote_563_562" class="fnanchor">[563]</a></p> + +<p>Robert Arden, of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, vintner, and Agnes Mather +of the same, were licensed to be married at any church in the +jurisdiction of Westminster, November 27, 1568.<a name="FNanchor_564_563" id="FNanchor_564_563"></a><a href="#Footnote_564_563" class="fnanchor">[564]</a></p> + +<p>A Robert Arden was assistant to the Clerk of the Accatory, 1577.<a name="FNanchor_565_564" id="FNanchor_565_564"></a><a href="#Footnote_565_564" class="fnanchor">[565]</a></p> + +<p>Several deliveries to him of Government victuals are noted in State +Papers, 1594-97.</p> + +<p>I do not know whether or not he is the Robert Arden who writes a letter +to the Government about the composition of ling and cod from the Iceland +fisheries, landed in Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, September 14, 1593, a +letter interesting as showing the relative trade of the towns at that +date.<a name="FNanchor_566_565" id="FNanchor_566_565"></a><a href="#Footnote_566_565" class="fnanchor">[566]</a></p> + +<p>At St. Saviour's, Southwark, Robert Stillard and Bridget Arden were +married August 21, 1618.<a name="FNanchor_567_566" id="FNanchor_567_566"></a><a href="#Footnote_567_566" class="fnanchor">[567]</a></p> + +<p>Among marriage licenses<a name="FNanchor_568_567" id="FNanchor_568_567"></a><a href="#Footnote_568_567" class="fnanchor">[568]</a> are those of Richard Bromfield and Jane +Arden, February 14, 1564; John Arden and Dorothy Hazard, of the city of +Westminster, June 16, 1639;<a name="FNanchor_569_568" id="FNanchor_569_568"></a><a href="#Footnote_569_568" class="fnanchor">[569]</a> Hugh Phillips, gent., of St. +Margaret's,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span> Westminster, and Elizabeth Arden, of same, November 17, +1641;<a name="FNanchor_570_569" id="FNanchor_570_569"></a><a href="#Footnote_570_569" class="fnanchor">[570]</a> Henry Arden, of Chelmsford, Essex, gent., widower, and Mary +Boosie, of Writtle, spinster, at St. Magnus the Martyr, London, February +22, 1664;<a name="FNanchor_571_570" id="FNanchor_571_570"></a><a href="#Footnote_571_570" class="fnanchor">[571]</a> Thomas Arden, of the city of Westminster, Esq., to +Theodosia Long, October 10, 1664; William Ardern, junior, gent., Bach., +of St. Martin's, Ludgate, and Mrs. Margaret Smith, of Great Wigborough, +Essex, widow, to be married there, March 21, 1665-66;<a name="FNanchor_572_571" id="FNanchor_572_571"></a><a href="#Footnote_572_571" class="fnanchor">[572]</a> John Arden, +of St. James's, Westminster, widower, aged about fifty, and Mrs. +Elizabeth Wright, spinster, twenty-two, January 12, 1687-88.</p> + +<p>Gabriel Josselyn, gent., of St. Michael, Bassinghall,<a name="FNanchor_573_572" id="FNanchor_573_572"></a><a href="#Footnote_573_572" class="fnanchor">[573]</a> and +Elizabeth, daughter of —— Arden of same, deceased, December 1, 1587.</p> + +<p>John Brown, of St. Olave's, Hart Street, London, haberdasher, and Anne +Arden, of St. Andrew's,<a name="FNanchor_574_573" id="FNanchor_574_573"></a><a href="#Footnote_574_573" class="fnanchor">[574]</a> Holborn, widow of John Ardern, Fletcher, +February 10, 1595.</p> + +<p>The will of Robert Arden, gent., Deptford, was proved 1579.<a name="FNanchor_575_574" id="FNanchor_575_574"></a><a href="#Footnote_575_574" class="fnanchor">[575]</a></p> + +<p>An Alexander Arderne, of Deptford, wished to be buried in the churchyard +beside the hawthorn-tree; he had a wife, Elizabeth, a brother-in-law, +William Inson, and no children, February 26, 1639.<a name="FNanchor_576_575" id="FNanchor_576_575"></a><a href="#Footnote_576_575" class="fnanchor">[576]</a> Administration +of the goods of James Arden, London, was granted his wife Anne,<a name="FNanchor_577_576" id="FNanchor_577_576"></a><a href="#Footnote_577_576" class="fnanchor">[577]</a> +1639. Thomas le Barber, from Peter de Arderne, held tenements in the +parish of St. Clements Danes.<a name="FNanchor_578_577" id="FNanchor_578_577"></a><a href="#Footnote_578_577" class="fnanchor">[578]</a> Alicia Arderne, who was wife of +Richard Hampton, left tenements in the parish of St. Mary in the Strand +and in the parish of St. Clement's Danes, 1466.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span></p> + +<p>It seems wiser to group a set of records not generally accessible to +students, which, though preserved in London, concern the Ardens of many +branches—I mean a set of deeds, charters, and conveyances preserved +among the Guildhall Records of London:</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Johanna Arden, wife of Roger de Arden, tailor, 1295. Roll 24.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Henry de Arderne, <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1305. Roll 34 (35).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Cecilia, wife of Henry de Arderne, 1307. Roll 36 (26).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Agnes, wife of William de Arderne, 1307....</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Henry, son of William de Arderne....</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"John, son of William de Arderne, 1337 and 1345.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Hugh de Arderne, 1321. Roll 50 (5); <span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1342. Roll 70 (2).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Alice, wife of Hugh de Arderne ... Johanna, wife of ...</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Giles de Arderne, 1351. Roll 80 (29).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"John Arden, called Mordon, Stockfishmonger, 1363. Roll 91 (87) (93); also 1371, 1373, 1374, 1377.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Margaret, wife of John, called Mordon....</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Isabella, wife of Richard Arden, and widow of John Melbourne, co. Surrey, 1392. Roll 121 (143).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Alice, wife of Thomas de Arden, Brewer, 1371. Roll 99 (83).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"... 1372. Roll 100 (54) (55), 1373, 1376; 104 (145).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Alice, widow of Richard de Arderne, 1403. Roll 131 (61).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"John Arden, Esq., 1413. Roll 141 (25-36); 1421 (Roll 149).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"... 1426. Roll 154 (50); 1457, Roll 185 (32).</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Margaret, wife of John Arden, gent., 1413 and 1421; same Rolls.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Peter Ardern, chief Baron of the Exchequer, 1459. Roll 188 (37).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Thomas Arden, clerk, 1466. Roll 196 (17).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"John Arden, of Creechurch, merchant tailor, 1625. Roll 302 (15).</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"Francis Arden, son of Richard, Cit. and Loriner, of London, 1646, Apprentice."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>The Royalist Composition Papers,<a name="FNanchor_579_578" id="FNanchor_579_578"></a><a href="#Footnote_579_578" class="fnanchor">[579]</a> 1644-57, mention as "Delinquents," +"Mr. Arden," "John," "Robert" is mentioned twenty-three times, "Thomas," +"Ann," "Elizabeth," "Godetha," "Mary," "Mrs. Arden," "John and Mary +Arderne." And many other allusions could be added to the list of +references to the various members of this distinguished family.</p> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">Colonial Ardens.</span></h4> + +<p>In speaking of the Ardens of Victoria, Burke<a name="FNanchor_580_579" id="FNanchor_580_579"></a><a href="#Footnote_580_579" class="fnanchor">[580]</a> disclaims their right +to arms, but nevertheless derives them from Humphrey Arden. He says: +"The first recorded ancestor, Humphrey Arden, of Longcroft, co. +Stafford, died in 1705, and so far from being able to show descent from +Siward, they are unable even to prove connection with the extinct family +of Arden of Park Hall."</p> + +<p>Here Burke is clearly in the wrong. If they can prove their descent from +Humphrey of Longcroft, they can through him claim descent from the +Ardens of Park Hall and from Siward, as can be seen from all pedigrees.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_533_532" id="Footnote_533_532"></a><a href="#FNanchor_533_532"><span class="label">[533]</span></a> Ashmolean MS., 829, iii., and 1434, i.; also Sententiæ, +1437, Art. xv., alluded to in Gerard's "Herbal," 657.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_534_533" id="Footnote_534_533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_534_533"><span class="label">[534]</span></a> Harl. Chart., 45, D. 9.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_535_534" id="Footnote_535_534"></a><a href="#FNanchor_535_534"><span class="label">[535]</span></a> 23 Moone, proved May 26, 1501.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_536_535" id="Footnote_536_535"></a><a href="#FNanchor_536_535"><span class="label">[536]</span></a> "Misc. Gen. et Her.," N. S., iv. 21; "Yorksh. Archæo. +Journ.," xi. 12.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_537_536" id="Footnote_537_536"></a><a href="#FNanchor_537_536"><span class="label">[537]</span></a> Burton's "Monasticon Eboracense," p. 250.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_538_537" id="Footnote_538_537"></a><a href="#FNanchor_538_537"><span class="label">[538]</span></a> Fuller's "Worthies of Yorkshire."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_539_538" id="Footnote_539_538"></a><a href="#FNanchor_539_538"><span class="label">[539]</span></a> Letters and Papers Henry VIII., 1524, <i>et seq.</i>, +Gairdner.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_540_539" id="Footnote_540_539"></a><a href="#FNanchor_540_539"><span class="label">[540]</span></a> Pat. 9 Henry VIII., p. 1, m. 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_541_540" id="Footnote_541_540"></a><a href="#FNanchor_541_540"><span class="label">[541]</span></a> Add. Chart. 8069. See also Blomfield's "Hist. of +Norfolk," viii. 533.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_542_541" id="Footnote_542_541"></a><a href="#FNanchor_542_541"><span class="label">[542]</span></a> Peter Arden, son and heir of John, ob. May 20, 21 Henry +VIII.; Inq. at Poklyngton, York. Ralph Arden, brother and heir of Peter, +then aged eighteen.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_543_542" id="Footnote_543_542"></a><a href="#FNanchor_543_542"><span class="label">[543]</span></a> Burton's "Monasticon Eboracense," p. 90.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_544_543" id="Footnote_544_543"></a><a href="#FNanchor_544_543"><span class="label">[544]</span></a> Morant's "History of Essex," i. 216.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_545_544" id="Footnote_545_544"></a><a href="#FNanchor_545_544"><span class="label">[545]</span></a> Fuller's "Worthies of Essex," 341.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_546_545" id="Footnote_546_545"></a><a href="#FNanchor_546_545"><span class="label">[546]</span></a> Harl. Charters, 45, D. 8, Brit. Mus. See also p. 193.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_547_546" id="Footnote_547_546"></a><a href="#FNanchor_547_546"><span class="label">[547]</span></a> Add Chart., 19,967.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_548_547" id="Footnote_548_547"></a><a href="#FNanchor_548_547"><span class="label">[548]</span></a> Inquis. Post. Mort., 33 Edward I., 117.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_549_548" id="Footnote_549_548"></a><a href="#FNanchor_549_548"><span class="label">[549]</span></a> Morant's "Essex," i. 148. John Arderne was Vicar of +Harwich Chapel, March 23, 1388. Will Arderne, Vicar of Tolleshunt Darcy, +April 4, 1676.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_550_549" id="Footnote_550_549"></a><a href="#FNanchor_550_549"><span class="label">[550]</span></a> Administrations, Somerset, f. 4, 1631-33.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_551_550" id="Footnote_551_550"></a><a href="#FNanchor_551_550"><span class="label">[551]</span></a> Consistory Court, f. 162, Sperin, and 291, Bullock.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_552_551" id="Footnote_552_551"></a><a href="#FNanchor_552_551"><span class="label">[552]</span></a> Visitation of Cheshire.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_553_552" id="Footnote_553_552"></a><a href="#FNanchor_553_552"><span class="label">[553]</span></a> "History of Leicester," iv. 939.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_554_553" id="Footnote_554_553"></a><a href="#FNanchor_554_553"><span class="label">[554]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i>, 19.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_555_554" id="Footnote_555_554"></a><a href="#FNanchor_555_554"><span class="label">[555]</span></a> This William Arden left a son, Thomas, who had no heirs +("Grants and Certificates of Arms," <i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, xiii.).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_556_555" id="Footnote_556_555"></a><a href="#FNanchor_556_555"><span class="label">[556]</span></a> Originalia et Memoranda on the Lord Treasurer's side of +the Exchequer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_557_556" id="Footnote_557_556"></a><a href="#FNanchor_557_556"><span class="label">[557]</span></a> "Receyved of Mr. Arden for a payer of wheels and the hedd +of an old pageant, 2s. 8d. 1504." "Payd. For the charges of brenning +Mrs. Arden, and the execution of George Bradshaw, 43s."—Chamberlain's +Accounts, City of Canterbury, 1550-1.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_558_557" id="Footnote_558_557"></a><a href="#FNanchor_558_557"><span class="label">[558]</span></a> Burke's "General Armory."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_559_558" id="Footnote_559_558"></a><a href="#FNanchor_559_558"><span class="label">[559]</span></a> Wills of the Court of Hustings, ii., p. 63.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_560_559" id="Footnote_560_559"></a><a href="#FNanchor_560_559"><span class="label">[560]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_561_560" id="Footnote_561_560"></a><a href="#FNanchor_561_560"><span class="label">[561]</span></a> Commissary Court Admins., 1508.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_562_561" id="Footnote_562_561"></a><a href="#FNanchor_562_561"><span class="label">[562]</span></a> Papers of Henry VIII., P.R.O.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_563_562" id="Footnote_563_562"></a><a href="#FNanchor_563_562"><span class="label">[563]</span></a> 31<sup>a</sup> Clyffe, Commissary Court Wills.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_564_563" id="Footnote_564_563"></a><a href="#FNanchor_564_563"><span class="label">[564]</span></a> Chester's "Marriage Licenses of Bishop of London."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_565_564" id="Footnote_565_564"></a><a href="#FNanchor_565_564"><span class="label">[565]</span></a> State Papers, Dom. Ser., Eliz., cxx. 34.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_566_565" id="Footnote_566_565"></a><a href="#FNanchor_566_565"><span class="label">[566]</span></a> Brit. Mus., Add. MS., 34,729.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_567_566" id="Footnote_567_566"></a><a href="#FNanchor_567_566"><span class="label">[567]</span></a> Registers of St. Saviour's, Southwark.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_568_567" id="Footnote_568_567"></a><a href="#FNanchor_568_567"><span class="label">[568]</span></a> "Marriage Licenses of Dean of Westminster," Harl. Publ.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_569_568" id="Footnote_569_568"></a><a href="#FNanchor_569_568"><span class="label">[569]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_570_569" id="Footnote_570_569"></a><a href="#FNanchor_570_569"><span class="label">[570]</span></a> "Marriage Licenses of Dean of Westminster," Harl. Pub.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_571_570" id="Footnote_571_570"></a><a href="#FNanchor_571_570"><span class="label">[571]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_572_571" id="Footnote_572_571"></a><a href="#FNanchor_572_571"><span class="label">[572]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_573_572" id="Footnote_573_572"></a><a href="#FNanchor_573_572"><span class="label">[573]</span></a> Chester's "Marriage Licenses."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_574_573" id="Footnote_574_573"></a><a href="#FNanchor_574_573"><span class="label">[574]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_575_574" id="Footnote_575_574"></a><a href="#FNanchor_575_574"><span class="label">[575]</span></a> 35 Bakou.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_576_575" id="Footnote_576_575"></a><a href="#FNanchor_576_575"><span class="label">[576]</span></a> 5 Stevenson, Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_577_576" id="Footnote_577_576"></a><a href="#FNanchor_577_576"><span class="label">[577]</span></a> Administrations, 1639, f. 36, Somerset House.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_578_577" id="Footnote_578_577"></a><a href="#FNanchor_578_577"><span class="label">[578]</span></a> Inquis. P.M., 1 Edward III. (12).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_579_578" id="Footnote_579_578"></a><a href="#FNanchor_579_578"><span class="label">[579]</span></a> See Index Library (12).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_580_579" id="Footnote_580_579"></a><a href="#FNanchor_580_579"><span class="label">[580]</span></a> Burke's "Colonial Gentry," <i>Genealogist</i>, New Series, +xiii.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span></p> +<h2>TERMINAL NOTES.</h2> + + +<p>Page 2.—Mary, Countess of Southampton, was the mother of Shakespeare's +patron, the Earl of Southampton, to whom he dedicated "Venus and Adonis" +in 1593, and "The Rape of Lucrece" in 1594. In both of these poems, +probably corrected by himself, his name is spelt <i>Shakespeare</i>. In 1594 +the Countess married Sir Thomas Henneage, the Vice-Chamberlain of the +Household, and that same year Shakespeare was invited to act at Court. +Sir Thomas died the following year, after a lingering illness, and his +widow had to superintend the making up of his official books, and check +the bills. And thus it happened that it was she who introduced the +<i>first official record of Shakespeare's name</i>, and probably spelt it +correctly, according to the contemporary usage.</p> + +<p>Page 5.—Mr. Nanson, the town clerk of Carlisle, has in his possession +the deed which concerns the Shakesperes of Penrith, 21 Richard II.</p> + +<p>Page 22.—Shakespeare's shield bore an ordinary <i>canting</i> pattern, or +one that was based upon the supposed meaning of the name. But the use of +the falcon in the crest requires explanation. French says: "The falcon +was one of the badges of Edward IV., father of Henry VII.'s Queen +Elizabeth. No person would venture to adopt this without special favour" +("Shakespeareana Genealogica," p. 523). There is something keenly +suggestive of expected objections in the motto, "Non sanz droict." Some +day, perhaps, it may be discovered why this crest and motto were +assumed.</p> + +<p>Page 27.—Aston Cantlow, with the castle of Abergavenny, was settled on +Sir William de Beauchamp, second son of Thomas, Earl of Warwick, 12 +Henry IV. It descended to his son, Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester, +whose daughter Elizabeth married Sir Edmund Neville, and brought it to +him (Dugdale's "Warwickshire").</p> + +<p>Page 27.—Another opinion of the derivation of Thomas Arden has been +discussed. It has been supposed possible that he might have been +descended from Thomas Arden of Leicestershire, son of Ralph Arden of +Alvanley, by his wife Catharine, daughter of Sir William Stanley, of +Hooton. This would account for the grant of the Cheshire arms, and would +not thrust him out of the Arden pedigree; but the theory is not +satisfactory on other grounds. One main objection is that there was no +known Thomas of suitable date in that family. But in the Park Hall +family there was a Thomas known to be alive during the period between +1502 and 1526, who has <i>never been traced</i>, if he did not go to Aston +Cantlow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span> Members of the Arden family accept him as the missing brother +of Sir John, and believe that it was through a careless mistake of the +heralds that the fesse chequy was struck out, and that the Shakespeares +resented the substitution of another in place of the arms to which they +had a right, and never accepted the grant. During the discussion John +Shakespeare died.</p> + +<p>Page 27.—The pedigrees of those associated with the Ardens are worth +noting, and their wills might suggest connections.</p> + +<p>Page 32.—It would be interesting to find and group the Warwickshire +Ardens who bore the three cross-crosslets and the chief or, for it has +never been done.</p> + +<p>Page 35.—Thomas Arden was presented for owing suit of Court in 1526, +1529, 1531. (See Portfolio 207, Court Rolls, No. 88.)</p> + +<p>Page 36.—Thomas and Robert Arden's purchase at Snitterfield had been +witnessed by John Wagstaff,<a name="FNanchor_581_580" id="FNanchor_581_580"></a><a href="#Footnote_581_580" class="fnanchor">[581]</a> Richard Rushby, of Snitterfield, +Richard Atkins, of Wilmecote, John Alcokkes, of Newenham. The overseers +of Robert Arden's will were Adam Palmer,<a name="FNanchor_582_581" id="FNanchor_582_581"></a><a href="#Footnote_582_581" class="fnanchor">[582]</a> of Wilmecote, Hugh +Porter,<a name="FNanchor_583_582" id="FNanchor_583_582"></a><a href="#Footnote_583_582" class="fnanchor">[583]</a> of Snitterfield, and John Skerlett, of Wilmecote; the +witnesses, Sir William Bouton Curett, Adam Palmer, John Scarlet, Thomas +Jenkes, William Pitt. Adam Palmer was overseer of Mrs. Agnes Arden's +will, in conjunction with George Gibbes, who had, later, the lease of +Asbies from the Shakespeares at the time of its mortgage to Lambert.</p> + +<p>Page 45.—A Thomas Mayo had a seat in the Church of St. Nicholas, +Warwick, 1595; an Elizabeth Mayo was buried there in 1596; and Henry +Maio in 1601. (See Churchwarden's Accounts of St. Nicholas, Warwick, +edited by Mr. Richard Savage.) The Webbes of Snitterfield appear among +the gentry of the country in 1580 (State Papers, Domestic Series, Eliz., +c. xxxvii. 68).</p> + +<p>Page 51.—It is difficult to imagine John Shakespeare making up the +bills for the other Chamberlains, or conducting so many financial +responsibilities, if he was unable to read and write, as well as reckon +well—as Halliwell-Phillipps says he was.</p> + +<p>Page 52.—The goods of Richard Shakespeare were prised at £35 17s., and +the bond for their just administration entered into by John Shakespeare +and Thomas Nicols, of £100, seems disproportionably large, unless there +were some unusually heavy responsibilities attached. John Shakespeare +may very well have been termed a farmer if he had been brought up as +one, and if he had been superintending his father's farm at the time of +his death. In the description of a neighbouring farm, Ingon is mentioned +as "now or late in the occupation of John Shaxspere or his assignes." It +is quite possible that he was the responsible farmer, and that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span> Henry +his brother was his "assigne." Ingon, though in the parish of +Hampton-on-Avon, was very near Snitterfield.</p> + +<p>Page 56.—Henry Shakespeare probably quarrelled with Mr. Cornwall, the +second husband of Margaret Arden, about the resettlement of Snitterfield +farm, and went to reside at Ingon, though taken in his brother's name. +The Court Rolls show that he was "contumaceous" in not paying tithes, +May 22, 1582, and was "excommunicated." "Of Henry Shaxper, for not +labouring with teems for the amending of the Queen's Highway, 2/6." "Of +Henry Shaxper for having a dich between Redd Hill and Burmans in decay +for want of repair, Oct. 22nd, 1596." Probably the man was ill and dying +then. He was buried two months later.</p> + +<p>Page 58.—The petition of the burgesses of Stratford-on-Avon for relief +of burdens shows that the borough had fallen into decay through the +decline in the wool trade. From this general depression John Shakespeare +probably suffered.</p> + +<p>Page 61.—"The Book of John Fisher of Warwick" shows that the master of +the Grammar School there had a salary of £10 a year. Seeing that the +master of Stratford-on-Avon Grammar School had £20 a year, it is +probable that the burgesses had a better selection of scholars as +candidates.</p> + +<p>Page 62.—It is too often forgotten that Anne Hathaway lost her father +in the summer of 1582. It is probable that the betrothal would therefore +be a quiet one. It is also more than likely that she went to reside with +a friend or relative after her father's death, and that this caused the +confusion in the address in the marriage bond. The bridegroom in general +only required one guarantee for a bond of the kind; but Shakespeare +being under age, the one became his representative, and the other +guarantor for that representative.</p> + +<p>Page 67.—"The Comedy of Errors" was doubtless one of the plays +performed before the Queen at Christmas, 1594, seeing that it was ready +to be put upon the boards at the Gray's Inn Revels on the spur of the +moment. I have discussed this at full in my paper, "The Earliest +Official Record of Shakespeare's Name," Berlin (a copy at the British +Museum); also in a long letter to the <i>Times</i>, January, 1895.</p> + +<p>Page 70.—James Burbage bought the part of a house in Blackfriars from +Sir William More, February 4, 1596, which he afterwards converted into a +theatre. Regarding the quarrel with Allen and "the Theatre" lease, see +the depositions in the case of Burbage <i>v.</i> Allen taken at Kelvedon, in +Essex, August, 1600, reproduced in Halliwell-Phillips's "Outlines," i. +350. Further illustration of the earning proportions of players and +proprietors may be learned from the article by Mr. James Greenstreet, +"The Whitefriars Theatre at the Time of Shakespeare" (The New +Shakespearean Society's Transactions, 1888).</p> + +<p>Page 77.—In John Combe's will there is mentioned a field in Ingon Lane, +called Parson's Close, or Shakespeare's Close. This may have been one of +the poet's minor purchases, or merely a name come down from Henry's +time.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span></p> + +<p>Page 78.—A petition was sent up to the Lord Chief Justice from the +Corporation of Stratford-on-Avon, to restrain William Combe, Esq., son +and heir of John Combe, March 27, 1616. He overthrew the Aldermen who +came peaceably to hinder his digging, whereof great tumult arose. In +spite of orders to the contrary, he continued his enclosures, and +another petition was addressed to the Privy Council, describing "Mr. +Combe of so unbridled a disposition," etc. On February 14, 1618, a reply +came signed, "Francis Verulam," "Pembroke," "Naunton," "Fulke Greville" +(Wheler Collection, Stratford-on-Avon).</p> + +<p>Page 82.—From the town clerk's account of what took place at the Halls +during Shakespeare's lifetime, we are sure that his position must have +been anomalous.</p> + +<p>"The Halle, 17 Dec., 45 Eliz. Plays. At this Halle yt ys ordered that +there shalbe no plays or enterludes played in the Chamber, the Guild +Halle, nor in any parte of the House or Courte, from hensforward, upon +payne that whosoever of the Baylif, Aldermen, and burgisses of this +boroughe shall give leave or licence thereunto shall forfeit for everie +offence 10s.</p> + +<p> +<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">"7 Feb., 1611-12, 45 Eliz."</span><br /> +</p> + +<p>"... The inconvenience of plaies being verie seriouslie considered of, +with their unlawfulness, and how contrarie the sufferance of them is +against the orders heretofore made, and against the examples of other +well-governed cities and burrowes the Compaine here are contented, and +they conclude that the penaltie of 10s. imposed in Mr. Baker's year, for +breaking of the order shall from henceforth be £10 upon breakers of that +order, and this to holde until the next common council, and from +henceforth for ever, excepted that be then finally revoked and made +void." This was the period of Shakespeare's retirement to +Stratford-on-Avon.</p> + +<p>Page 84.—It may be noted as a coincidence that the plays were published +in folio the year of Mrs. Shakespeare's death. Some change among the +leases, or the termination of the connection with his family through the +death of his widow, may have suggested this.</p> + +<p>Page 93.—A Robert Hall rented the old School House in +Stratford-on-Avon, and paved the Guild Hall, 1568. A Richard Hall was +churchwarden of St. Nicholas, Warwick, in 1552, who died in 1558, and +among the churchwarden's accounts are notices of Richard Hall the +younger, Nicholas Hall, John, Alice, Simon and "Eme Hall." "Received of +Ric. Hawle the younger for the benevolence that Richard Hawle gave unto +the poor out of his lands in Church Street, World without end," 1566-67. +Richard Hall was churchwarden in 1600 and in 1606 (Churchwarden's +Accounts, St. Nicholas, Warwick, Mr. Richard Savage).</p> + +<p>Page 99.—Michael Drayton frequently visited Sir Henry Rainsford at the +Manor House, Clifford Chambers. This gentleman had married Anne Goodyere +of Polesworth, whose parents were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span> Drayton's patrons. She was the "Idea" +of his sonnets. (See introduction to "Michael Drayton," by Oliver Elton, +1895.)</p> + +<p>Page 103.—Susanna Hall's signature appears on the settlements of 1639, +and on that of 1647, in which her daughter joined.</p> + +<p>Page 104.—"15th Dec., 1648. Tithes: Mrs. Elizabeth Nashe for Shottery +Corne Tithes, being of the yearly value of one hundred pounds, £5." +"28th June, 1650. Mrs. Elizabeth Barnard for Shotterie Corn tythes of +the yearly value of one hundred and twentie pounds, £6." (Wheler's +Notes, Stratford-on-Avon.)</p> + +<p>Page 107.—There are many Bagleys in the parish registers of St. +Martin's-in-the-Fields, and also Hathaways. It <i>may</i> be they were +connections.</p> + +<p>Page 110.—Halliwell-Phillipps states that in the "Coram Rege Roll of +1597, Gilbert Shakespeare is named as one of those standing bail for a +clockmaker of Stratford"; and adds that he is described as "Haberdasher +of St. Bridget's Parish, London." Through the kind permission of the +Worshipful Company of Haberdashers, I have been allowed to go through +their books at leisure, and find that there is no trace of a Shakespeare +anywhere, and in the sixteenth century, no trace even of a <i>Gilbert</i>, +except "Gilbert Shepherd," who took up his freedom in 1579. Neither is +there any trace of him in the registers of St. Bridget's or St. Bride's, +nor in the Subsidy Rolls, but in both places appear Gilbert Shepherd. I +am, therefore, forced to the conclusion that Halliwell-Phillipps misread +"Shepherd" as "Shakespeare." See my article in the <i>Athenæum</i>, Dec. 22, +1900, "John Shakespeare, of Ingon, and Gilbert of St. Bride's."</p> + +<p>Page 112.—William Hart, the hatter, died a week before his +brother-in-law, probably of the same epidemic. Joan Hart, his widow, +survived till November 4, 1646. Their eldest son William was an actor. +(See Royal Warrant, May 17, 1636; Halliwell-Phillipps, i. 129.) In +William Hewitt's "Visits to Remarkable Places," 1839, he mentions +Stratford and a boy whom he had noticed from his likeness to the poet. +He turned out to be a descendant of his sister Joan Hart, and was called +William Shakespeare Smith (<i>Notes and Queries</i>, 5th Series, VIII. 475). +Probably the same referred to on page 109.</p> + +<p>Page 116.—Thomas Shakespeare seemed to have been somewhat like Henry in +character. He was entered on the Court Roll at a rental of £4 in 1563. +"At the Court 31st March, 23 Eliz., he incurred a penalty of 4d. for not +having and exercising bows; for not wearing cappes 4d.; for leaving his +swine unringed in the fields 12d." He appears also as a juror several +times in court.</p> + +<p>Page 121.—Mr. Rylands' "Records of Rowington" supply many details, as, +for instance:</p> + +<p>"In 1576, a lease by feoffees, among whom was Thomas Shakespeare, was +granted Richard Shakespeare of Rowington, weaver of the 'Tyinges.'"</p> + +<p>In the same year a lease of "the Harveys" was granted to "Elenor +Shakespeare, widow, of Rowington," 20 Feb., 18 Eliz.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span></p> + +<p>The customary rent of Rowington, 1605, mentions "Thomas Shakespeare, one +close, 2/; one tofte and 16 acres, 13/4; one messuage, etc., 10/4."</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"George Shakespeare, one cottage and 2 acres, 2/."</p> + +<p>"Richard Shakespere, one messuage, half a yd land (14 acres), 14/."</p> + +<p>"John Shakespeare, one cottage and one quarter yd land (9 acres), +6/8."</p></div> + +<p>The Court Rolls, 1633, give:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Imprimis of Jane Shaxper for default of sute of court fined, 4d."</p> + +<p>"Thomas Shaxper, vitler, for breaking assize of ale and beer, 4d."</p> + +<p>"1634, Richard Shaxper, for encroaching on common, 2d."</p> + +<p>"1647, fine of admittance to land, Thomas Shaxper, 6/8."</p> + +<p>"Exchequer lay subsidies," Thomas in 1595, 1598, 1599, "assessed on +goods valued £4,8/."</p> + +<p>"Lay subsidies 1668," Thomas, "assessed on land, 30/ and 4/."</p></div> + +<p>In 1674 John Shakespeare, in the name of the other tenants of Rowington, +was empowered to bring an action against enclosures.</p> + +<p>A grant of a fee of 20/ a year by will of Humphrey Shakespeare, 1794, +was payable out of premises in Kingswood.</p> + +<p>This cottage was the subject of a lawsuit in which Jane Lord and John +Slye <i>v.</i> Humphrey Shakespeare and one Culcup were at variance. Humphrey +had a 200 years' lease, and left it to the poor of the parish.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Shakespeares from the Register of Rowington.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"1616, Mar. 16. Baptisms: Thomas Shaxspere, son of William +Shaxspire."</p> + +<p>"1619, Ap. 28. William Shakespeare, son of John Shakespeare."</p> + +<p>"Aug. 13. William Shakespeare, son of Thomas Shakespeare."</p> + +<p>"1621, Aug. 18. Thomas Shaxper, son of Thomas Shaxper."</p> + +<p>"Nov. 4. Elizabeth, dau. of John Shaxper."</p> + +<p>"1622, William Shaxpere was Churchwarden."</p> + +<p>"1624, April 26. Clement Shaxpire, son of John Shaxpire, bapt."</p> + +<p>"July 23. John Sheldon and Jone Shaxspear married."</p> + +<p>"1630, Ap. 4. Baptisms: Elizabeth Shaxspeare, d. of Thomas +Shaxspire."</p> + +<p>"1633, Ap. 20. Thomas Shaxspeare, son of Thomas Shaxspeare."</p> + +<p>"1634, Dec. 30. Thomas Shakspeare, son of John Shaxspeare."</p> + +<p>"1635, May 5. Burial: John Shakespear buried."</p> + +<p>"1637. Baptisms: July 18, Mary, dau. of Thomas and Elizabeth +Shakesper."</p> + +<p>"1638, Aug. 17. Burial: Christopher Shakspeare buried."</p> + +<p>"1639, Mar. 8. Baptism: John, son of John Shakespeare and Mary +bapt.</p> + +<p>"William Shaxspere Churchwarden."</p> + +<p>"1640, Aug. 3. Burials: Anne, d. of Thomas Shakespeare, buried."</p> + +<p>"1641, April 10. Thomas Shakespear, son of Thomas Shakespear and +Margaret, bur."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span></p> + +<p>"Oct. 30. Mary, daughter of Thomas Shakespear, buried."</p> + +<p>"1642, Feb. 14. Thomas, son of John Shakespeare, buried."</p> + +<p>"1643, June 14. Clement, son of John Shakespeare, buried."</p> + +<p>"1645, Sept. 18. Anne Shakespeare, widowe, buried."</p> + +<p>"1646, July 12. William Shakespeare buried."</p> + +<p>"July 24. The wife of William Shakespeare buried."</p> + +<p>"Feb. 20. William Shakespeare, senior, buried."</p> + +<p>"Mar. 8. Thomas Shakespeare buried."</p> + +<p>"1647, Sep. 20. Mary, dau. of William Shakespeare, junior, and +Elizabeth his wife, buried."</p> + +<p>"Oct. 1. Elizabeth, d. of John Shakespear, buried."</p> + +<p>"Nov. 4. Elizabeth, dau. of William Shakespeare, jun., and Margaret +his wife."</p> + +<p>"1649, Oct. 5. William Shakspeare, junior, buried."</p> + +<p>"1650, Dec. 25. John Shakespeare, junior, buried."</p> + +<p>"1651, Mar. 3. Widow Shakspeare buried."</p> + +<p> +[A gap in the registers.]<br /> +</p> + +<p>"1662, Feb. 17. John, sonne of John Shakspeare of Kingswood, bapt."</p> + +<p>"1663, Mar. 29. Thomas, son of John Shakspeare of ye hill, bapt."</p> + +<p>"1664, Feb. 8. Josiah, sonne of John Shakespeare of ye hill, bap. +Feb. 8, buried Feb. 17."</p> + +<p>"1665, Ap. 3. Richard, son of John Shakespeare of Kingswood, bapt."</p> + +<p>"1665, Dec. 3. Mary, dau. of John Shakespeare, bapt."</p> + +<p>"1666, Mar. 18. John Shakspeare of Kingswood brook buried."</p> + +<p>"1667, Aug. 6. Old William Shakespeare of Brookfurlong buried."</p> + +<p>"Nov. 23. Margaret Shakespeare of Whitehall, widdow, buried. John +Shakesper Churchwarden."</p> + +<p>"1668, June 1. Samuel, son of John Shakespeare and Rebecca, his +wife, bapt., buried June 6."</p> + +<p>"June 28. Rebecca, wife of John Shakespeare of the Hill, buried."</p> + +<p>"1669, Nov. 20. Old Thomas Shakespeare of Whitley Elme, buried."</p> + +<p>"1670, Sep. 29. Widdow Shakespeare of ye Hill buried."</p> + +<p>"Oct. 20. Thomas Shakespear the weaver was buried."</p> + +<p>"1672, Ap. 9. Ann, dau. of Mr. Shakespeare of ye Hill, bapt."</p> + +<p>"1676, Mar. 18. (Mary) the wife of Thomas Shakespeare, of Lowston +End, buried."</p> + +<p>"1677, April 21. Widdow Shakespeare of Whitley Elme, buried."</p> + +<p>"1679, July 31. William Shakespeare and Alice Jennings married."</p> + +<p>"1679-80, Jan. 27. Thomas Shakespeare of Lapworth buried."</p> + +<p>"1680, Nov. 9. Alice, wife of William Shakespeare, buried."</p> + +<p>"1682, Oct. 19. William, son of William Shakespeare, of Lowston +ford, bapt., and buried Dec. 27."</p> + +<p>"1683, Ap. 24. Thomas Shakespeare and Anne Biddle married."</p> + +<p>"1686, June 21. William Shakespeare of Brookfurlong buried."</p> + +<p>"Dec. 12. John, son of Thomas Shakespeare, bapt."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span></p> + +<p>"Feb. 19. Thomas Shakespeare of Rowington buried."</p> + +<p>"1687, Sep. 15. William, son of John Shakespeare, jun., bapt."</p> + +<p>"1688, Dec. 10. Thomas Shakespeare buried."</p> + +<p>"1693, Nov. 14. John, son of Thomas Shakespeare of Lapworth, +buried."</p> + +<p>"1695, Aug. 10. William Shakespeare, senior, buried."</p> + +<p>"1696, Nov. 11. Thomas, son of William Shakespere, bapt."</p> + +<p>"1697, May 12. Henry Shakespeare of London buried."</p> + +<p>"1707, July 1. Thomas Shakespear buried."</p> + +<p>"1710, July 13. John Shakespeare, senior, buried."</p> + +<p>"1721-2, Jan. 30. (By licence) Francis Chernocke, of Killingworth, +co. Warr., gent., about 24, and Mary Shakespeare, of Rowington, +about 24, maiden, his father consenting, her parents dead. He +sealed ... within ... on a bend ... three crosses crosslet<a name="FNanchor_584_583" id="FNanchor_584_583"></a><a href="#Footnote_584_583" class="fnanchor">[584]</a> in +sinister ... chief a mullet for difference" (see Worcester Marriage +Licenses).</p></div> + +<p>From overseers' books: "Buried in Woolen":</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"1695, Aug. 10. William Shakespere, senior."</p> + +<p>"1697, May 12. Henry Shakespere of London."</p> + +<p>"1707, March 24. Edward Shakespeare."</p> + +<p>"1710, July 13. John Shakespeare, senior."</p> + +<p>"1716, Dec. 4. William Shakespere, Blacksmith."</p></div> + +<p>Page 131.—In "The Book of John Fisher, Bailiff of Warwick in 1580," +edited by Mr. Thomas Kemp, deputy-Mayor of Warwick, are several notices +of Shakespeare. In the first page he is mentioned, and later on we find +that he lived in the Market-Place Ward, and was assessed 1d. weekly for +relief of the poor.</p> + +<p>A "Thomas Shakesper" lived at the same time in West Street Ward, and was +assessed the same amount. These may be the Thomas and John, sons of +Thomas Shakespeare, shoemaker, of Warwick, who made his will in 1557. +There is also a casual allusion to Shakespeare the turner, of Rowington; +and in 1580-81 John Fisher notes: "I paid to —— Shakesper, servant to +Mr. Humphrey Catheryns, for fees for the discharge of 39/7-1/2 charged +upon the Church of St. Maryes, in Mr. Boughton's account for subsidy +supposed to be due in the 5th yere of Queen Elizabeth, 9/-."</p> + +<p>"Thomas Shakespeare of Warwick's son John was apprenticed to William +Jaggard the Stationer of London 1609" (Rylands's "Records of +Rowington").</p> + +<p>"John, son of Thomas Shakespeare of Coventry, co. Warwick, pleb. p.p. +St. John's Coll., matric. 18th Oct., 1662, aged 18; B.A. from St. Mary +Hall 1666 (subscribes serv.)"—(Oxford Alumni and graduates). "Vicar of +Anstrey, co. Warwick, 1670" (Foster's "Index Eccles.").</p> + +<p>Page 134.—The registers of All Saints', Oxford, date from 1549; St. +Michael's, 1559; St. Peter's-in-the-East, 1563; St. Martin's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span> Carfax, +1569; St. Giles', 1576; St. Peter-le-Bailey, 1585; St. Mary's, 1599; St. +John Baptist's, 1616.</p> + +<p>Page 134.—"Thomas Shakespeare and Jane Toupe married ye 2nd Maie, +1625." (Register of Mere. <i>Notes and Queries</i>, 9th Series, iii. 109.) +The county not named. It may be either Cheshire, Wiltshire or +Lincolnshire.</p> + +<p>Page 141.—One, at least, of the Irish Shakespeares was a suspicious +character. "William Shakespeyre, formerly of Kilmaynham Hibernia, +laborer, arrested for suspected felony 6 Ed. VI." ("Chester in the +Plantagenet and Tudor Reigns," Canon Rupert Morris; also <i>Notes and +Queries</i>, 8th Series, x. 192).</p> + +<p>Page 147.—I find that "Gutheridge" was a Stratford-on-Avon name. Mr. +Gutheridge was a dealer in leather there (see will of Joyce Hobday, +1602); and John Milburn was a Rowington man (see the Records of +Rowington)—which two facts much increase the likelihood of John, of St. +Clement's Danes, being at least a Warwickshire man, if not the +Snitterfield one.</p> + +<p>Page 151.—"Edward Shakespear, Clare, A.B. 1728; A.M. 1736" +("Cantabrigensis Graduati").</p> + +<p>"Joh. Jos. Art. Shakespear, Trin., A.B. 1844; A.M. 1848" +("Cantabrigensis Graduati").</p> + +<p>Page 162.—The first Earl of Warwick, Arthgal, was said to have slain a +bear with a blow from a young tree which he had pulled up, and +afterwards he used as a badge "the bear and the ragged staff"—a device +borne by succeeding earls.</p> + +<p>Page 166.—Osbert de Ardern granted an estate near Tamworth to Walter de +Somerville, 2 Henry II. (Shaw's "Staffordshire," i. 118).</p> + +<p>Page 168.—Among the Rowington charters is (No. 11) a grant by Robert de +Arderne, son and heir of Thomas le Hayward, of Shrewley, 2 Edward III. +No. 12 is a "Grant from Nicholas Wylemyn de Shrewely to his son John of +his Shrewley tenements and lands, which Thomas de Arderne formerly held +of John, Lord of Shrewley, 2 Edward III." Mr. Rylands thinks these refer +to the same people and property.</p> + +<p>The Nottingham Visitation (under Blondeston) refers to the pedigree. Sir +Thomas Arden, 9 Edward II., married Elizabeth, daughter of Roger +Swinford; their son was Roger Arden, whose wife was unknown, but his +daughter and heir Beatrix married William Chamber.</p> + +<p>Page 171.—William <i>may</i> have been the member of the Guild of Knowle for +whose sake masses were said in 1512. "Alicia" may have been his wife, or +his sister Alice before she married "Buklond." But I confess I am +puzzled with this William.</p> + +<p>Page 171.—The tombs of Walter and Eleanor are well preserved in +Erdington's Chantry of the Church of St. Peter and Paul, at Aston, near +Birmingham. He died August 5, 1502.</p> + +<p>Page 173.—The Shropshire Visitation gives: "William de Chettleton m. +Katharine, d. of Sir John Ardern; Elizabeth, d. of Reginald Corbet of +Stoke, Justice of the Royal Pleas, m. Robert<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span> Arden of Park Hall." +"Katharine Mucklow" also is mentioned; and "William Wall m. Elizabeth, +d. of Thomas Ardren, of Billingsly, in co. Salop."</p> + +<p>Page 173.—Sir John Arden's will is long and interesting. It directs +that the furniture of the King's chamber should be kept as heirlooms, +also "the silver cup." "It is said that it was Henry VII. who honoured +him by staying in his house, and that he then granted Sir John a Cap of +Maintenance, purpure turned up crimson, upon which the wild boar is +represented instead of on a wreath as before" (Arden MSS.).</p> + +<p>Page 175.—The indenture of a lease by Thomas Arderne, Esq., and Mary +his wife, to William Wilmer, of Longly, co. Warwick, husbandman, of a +messuage, lands, etc., in Wilmer, late in the tenure of Robert Wilmer, +deceased, was drawn up July 15, 23 Henry VIII., 1541. The lease was for +thirty years, the yearly rent 10s. 3d., with a heriot of the best beast, +the lessee to "furnish a sufficient horse for a harnesseman to ryde +upon, when the King shall call upon the said Thomas Arderne for +harnessyng of men." This is Thomas of Park Hall (Wheler Collection, +Stratford-on-Avon).</p> + +<p>Page 178.—The tomb of Sir Edward Devereux (died 1622), and of his wife, +Katharine Arden (died 1627), are preserved in the church of Aston, near +Birmingham, beside those of her ancestors, Walter and Eleanor.</p> + +<p>Page 181.—In the "Visitation of Warwickshire," published by the +Harleian Society, there are many evident slips in proper names, which +must be checked from other sources. It makes one extraordinary +statement: "The younger house of the Ardens were Lords of <i>Upton in +Warwickshire</i>, and grew to be surnamed Uptons. The heire generall of +them was married to one Fenne of Banburie, who, removing his dwelling to +Hungerford in Wiltshire, was there called by the name of Moeles, of whom +the Moeles, ancestors to the Lord Hungerford, seem to be descended." It +gives the coat of arms as, Chequy or and azure, a chevron ermine.</p> + +<p>Stow MS. 692 contains the arms of the gentry and the grants by Sir +Christopher Barker, 1536-49. Among these are: "Ardern goules, a cheff +engrayled and three cross crosslets fitchée in gold. Ardern silver, a +fesse chequy, gold and azur between three cressards gules. Arderne, Sir +Robert, Ermine a fesse or and azur, Warwickshire." Among the grants is +one to William Arderne, of Struton, Oskellyswade, Bedford, Clerk of the +Market to the King's most honourable household. It omits the shield and +only gives, "Crest a boar quarterly, gold and silver and Fleurs de luce, +goules." As the Park Hall Ardens had a boar on their crest, he may have +claimed connection.</p> + +<p>In Dugdale's account of Clodshalle's Chantry, near Birmingham, he says +it was founded by Walter de Clodshalle of Saltley, 4 Edward III. The +patronage remained with the Clodshalles until Robert Arden's marriage to +Elizabeth Clodshalle. Robert Arden, arm., was patron in 1441, 1449, +1455; Walter Ardern, arm., in 1468, 1469, 1489; John Ardern de Lee +Lodge, presented in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span> 1510; and Nicholas Cotterell, of Yardley, co. Wig., +through concession of Thomas Ardern, 1537.</p> + +<p>According to Dugdale, Upton was possessed by the Ardens in Henry II., +one Haraldus filius Gunfridi having made sale to Godfrey de Arden, a +monk of Coventry, and son to Siward de Arden, of certain lands for the +Monastery. In Richard I., Thomas de Ardern granted certain lands there +to the canons of St. Sepulchre's, Warwick. A family who <i>assumed</i> their +name from their residence there held it of the Ardens, but Thomas de +Ardern sold it to Guy de Gyllebrok, who passed it to Will. de Beauchamp, +Earl of Warwick.</p> + +<p>Page 181.—Pedimore, Warwickshire, on the Ebroke, at the north of the +Tame, was the chief seat of the Ardens at one time, but was allowed to +go to ruin when the family settled at Park Hall on the south side of the +river. It was all levelled except its double moat by Dugdale's time.</p> + +<p>Pedmore, Worcestershire, where "Mistress Joyce Arden" died in 1557, was +part of the possessions of Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Clodeshalle, +which she brought to Robert Arden, of Park Hall, 4 Henry VI., 1425. He +died, seized of Pedmore, Yardly and Stockton, Worcestershire, 3 Henry +VI., 1453. There are entered as residents William Arden, 1455, John +Arden, 1468-83, Thomas Arden, 1530, Edward Arden. But in the State +Papers Edward's brother Francis was entered as "Francis Arden of +Pedmore," in 1583, at the time of the attainder, so it may have been +granted him as a second residence, or it may have been the ruinous old +home in Warwickshire he held. The registers here prove that Robert, +Edward's heir, was residing here, and already married, before 1578, an +important point to be noted in the family history.</p> + +<p>Page 183.—Simon in Longcroft, according to Shaw, used the Arden arms +with a difference, the arms being "Ermine a fesse chequy G. and B. Crest +on a Chapeau, Erm. and Gu., a boar passant or." At the north end of the +village of Longcroft was an old half-timbered house, which was purchased +by John of Wisbeach, who died 1709, and thus became the property of the +family of Longcroft.</p> + +<p>Page 187.—Shaw mentions the tombstones: "Henry Arden died 1674"; "Henry +Arden died 1698, aged 24"; "Humphrey Arden died 1705, aged 74; Elizabeth +his daughter died 1689, aged 21; Katharine, his eldest daughter, died +1722; John Arden died 1709, aged 84."</p> + +<p>Henry Arden died 1728, and Anna his wife and Catherine his twin sister. +The stone erected by John, his son. "John died 1734, aged 40; Anna +Catherina, wife of John Arden, and daughter of John Newton of King's +Bromley, died 1727, aged 29." "Also to the memory of Anne, second wife, +daughter of Rev. John Spateman, died 1764, without issue, aged 67."</p> + +<p>"Henry Arden, 1782, aged 59. Alethea, his wife, daughter of Robert +Cotton, Esq., died 1783, aged 60."</p> + +<p>Clement Fisher, of Wincot, married as his second wife Elizabeth, +daughter of Humphrey Arden.</p> + +<p>(MS. notes in British Museum; copy of Shaw's "Staffordshire.")<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span></p> + +<p>Page 189.—The Rev. Robert Arden, of Lapworth, might have been one of +the six unnamed younger children of the Robert executed during the Wars +of the Roses.</p> + +<p>Nicholaa was widow of William de Boutvilein when she married Sir Robert +de Arderne de Draiton. After her husband's death she was involved in a +contest with Robert de Wyckham about the presentation to the church of +Swaldyve. There is no doubt that the name on the seal mentioned in the +last line of p. 189 is in the masculine genitive; but I am inclined to +believe that the die-cutter made a mistake, and that it was really the +seal of Nicholaa.</p> + +<p>Page 193.—In Blomfield's account of Bawsey, Norfolk, he states that it +belonged to the family of Glanville in 6 Richard I. "Thomas de Ardern +and Ralph, son of Robert, impleaded Sir William de Auberville and Maude +his wife for their portion in Bawsey and Glosthorp." Maud, the eldest +daughter of Ralph de Glanville, married Sir William de Auberville; +Amabil, the second, married Ralph de Arden; and Helewise married Robert +FitzRalph de Middleham, Yorkshire (Blomfield's "Norfolk," viii. +341-342).</p> + +<p>Page 194.—John Arderne was a priest at Oxburgh in 1386 (Blomfield's +"Norfolk," vi. 191). Mortimer's Chapel, Attleborough. A benefactor +thereto was John Arderne, buried therein 1479. Other entries may concern +his descendants. Sir Edward Warenne, of Boton, in 1365 married Cecily, +daughter and coheir of Sir Nicholas de Eton, widow of John, son and heir +of Sir John Ardern (ix. 370). John Arderne, Rector of Brinton 1452 (ix. +370). Isolda de Arderne presented to Plasset and Attleborough in King +John's time (i. 503, 523). She was a benefactress to the Abbey of +Windham (ii. 516, 525). She was a daughter of Alured de Plesseto, and +left her body to be buried at Windham, and benefactions to the Abbey, +with the consent of William de Arderne, her son. Thurston Holland, of +Denton, married Jane, daughter of John Ardern, of Hawarden (i. 342). +Elizabeth, Duchess of Norfolk, presented Robert Arderne to the Rectory +of Aldeburgh (149), and at his death, 1504, gave it to Will Taylor (v. +353). Peter Arderne trustee for John Copputdike, of Witlingham, in 1432 +(v. 456).</p> + +<p>Page 196.—In relation to the Cheshire Ardens, Burke says that "the +elder branch of Ardens became extinct by the death of Walkelin Ardern, +<i>temp.</i> Richard II. Sir John Arden, younger brother, became head of the +family. A younger branch of Arderns settled at Alderley (Edward III.), +and ended in a few descents in a female heir, who married into the +Weever family, whose heiress married the ancestor of Sir J. Stanley. The +Ardernes of Leicestershire descended from Thomas, the younger son of Sir +Ralph Arderne of Harden, 1420, and brother of John of Harden." This is +confusing and unsatisfactory.</p> + +<p>Page 199.—Does the following notice refer to this Thomas Arden of +Elford, etc.? "Thomas de Arderne, Chivaler, who was in Gascony in the +retinue of Ed. Prince of Acquitaine and Wales, had letters of protection +granted him for a year, Feb. 13, 1367.—Vascess. Roll, 41 Edward III." +(sent me by a member of the family).<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span></p> + +<p>Page 201.—In reading through the books of the Haberdashers' Company, I +find that "William Arden of Timporley, co. Cestr., Armiger, apprenticed +John Wigge 1583."</p> + +<p>Page 202.—Debrett states that Baron Alvanley descended from Ailwin de +Arden. Vincent's "Cheshire Collections" state that he descended from +Ralph de Hampton. Ormerod disagrees with both.</p> + +<p>"Mrs. Anne Goldsmith, of Nantwich, Chester, left a legacy to her +grandson, John Arden, 1709" (Marshall's "Genealogist," ii.).</p> + +<p>Page 204.—The letters of the Rev. Thomas Arden, 1472, are among the +MSS. of the Dean and Chapter of Canterbury.</p> + +<p>Page 205.—John Arderne is mentioned in the Inquisition Post-Mortem of +Edward Green, 18 Henry VII., as owning property in London.</p> + +<p>Page 207.—The Visitation of Surrey gives "the Ardens' Arms as Azure, +the sun in splendour, argent," but it does not mention the family.</p> + +<p>Page 210.—In the Haberdashers' books I found: "Ralphe Arderne, son of +Robert Ardern de Berwick-sup-Twede, in co. Northumberland, gen., +apprenticed to Edmund Walden, Citizen and Haberdasher, for 8 years from +Christmas, 1589" (October 30, 1589).</p> + +<p>Page 211.—Edmond Yate, of Bockland, Berks, Arm., appears as a surety in +1583, in the Haberdashers' books.</p> + +<p>Page 213.—Gerard says: "John of Arderne hath set down a composition for +wounds, etc., from Alkanet" (Gerard's "Herbal," 1597, p. 657).</p> + +<p>Page 214.—"Yorkshire. Thomas Crake m. Jane, d. and coheir of Thomas +Arden of Marton" ("Visitation of Yorkshire," 1564).</p> + +<p>An Agnes Arden married John Middleton, son of Sir John Middleton, of +Stockeld Park, co. Yorkshire ("Visitation of Essex," 1588). She +afterwards became the second wife of Sir Thomas More, and her arms may +be seen on the Chelsea tomb—Ermine a fesse chequy (<i>Notes and Queries</i>, +4th Series, iv. 61; <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, 1833, ii. 481-486).</p> + +<p>Sir Edmund Talbot married Agnes, third daughter and coheiress of John +Arderne, of Nether Derwind, co. Lancaster, and quartered the arms of the +Cheshire Ardens. (See Dugdale's "Visitation of Yorkshire," 1665; Surtees +Society's Publications, 1859, vol. xxvi., p. 239.)</p> + +<p>Several notices of the name occur in the <i>Yorkshire Archæological +Journal</i>, vol. xi., p. 392; vol. xii., p. 212, etc.</p> + +<p>Page 215.—Among "the Recusants, 1717," is mentioned Anne Arden, widow +of John Arden, late of Grafton, co. Worcester, gentleman.</p> + +<p>Page 216.—"Visitation of Shropshire": William de Chettleton, Arm., m. +Katharine, d. of Sir John Ardern. Elizabeth, d. of Reginald Corbet, of +Stoke, Justice of the King's Pleas, mar. Robert Arden, of Park Hall. +Katharine Arden, daughter of John Arden,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span> who married Richard Muklowe, +of Hodon. William Wall married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Ardren, of +Billingsley, in co. Salop.</p> + +<p>The "Visitation of Suffolk," notes: "In the shield of Lady Elizabeth +Morrison, daughter of Nicholas Clerk, of Weston, in Oxfordshire, the +Ardern arms are quartered, a Fesse chequy or and azure, at Great Saxham, +Suffolk."</p> + +<p>The will of Robert Arden of Maggotifilde, Gloucester, was proved in 1560 +(11 Loftes), and that of Robert Arden of Westtray, Charlton, co. +Gloucester, 1583 (24 Rowe, Somerset House).</p> + +<p>"Visitation of Derbyshire," 1569-1611: Robert Ratcliffe of Mellon's 2nd +wife was Jane, daughter of Perkin Ardren:</p> + +<p>From Musgrave's "Obituary" (Harleian Publications):</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Rev. R. Crewe Arden, of Tarporley, Lancashire, brother of the +Master of the Rolls, August 25, 1787 (<i>G.M.</i>, 838).</p> + +<p>Rev. James Arden, Dean of Chester, F.R.S. 1668, September 18, 1691 +(Carter's "Cambridge," 1235; Neve's "Fasti," 344).</p> + +<p>James Arden, Captain in the Army, February 24, 1771 (<i>L.M.</i>, 175; +<i>G.M.</i>, 142).</p> + +<p>Mary Arden, aunt of Sir Richard P. Arden, the Master of the Rolls, +August 17, 1788 (<i>G.M.</i>, 758; <i>E.M.</i>, 152).</p> + +<p>Robert Arden, proctor at Oxford (Clar., 1486; Pointer's "Oxford," +223).</p> + +<p>Rev. Robert, Preb. Worcester, October 25, 1768 (<i>G.M.</i>, 542).</p> + +<p>John Ardern, Harden, Cheshire, May 27, 1703, æt. 40, (Neve's +"Mon.," 64).</p> + +<p>Richard Arderne, proctor, Oxford (Clar., 1538; Pointer's "Oxford," +226).</p> + +<p>William Arderon, F.R.S. 1745, at Norwich, November 25, 1767 (<i>L. +M.</i>, 687; <i>G. M.</i>, 610).</p> + +<p>Sir John Ardon, K.B., 1399.</p></div> + +<p>Arden wills preserved at Lichfield:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1541. Margery Arden.</p> + +<p>1552. Thomas Arden, of Long Itchington (39).</p> + +<p>1561. William Ardren (22).</p> + +<p>1562. Henry Arden (29).</p> + +<p>1563. Christian Arden, admin. (45).</p> + +<p>1575. William Arden (64).</p> + +<p>1608. George Ardron, of Barlborough, admin.</p> + +<p>1616. Sir Henry Arden, Knight, admin. (80).</p> + +<p>1616. Richard Arden (182).</p> + +<p>1625. Dame Dorothy Arderne, admin. (306).</p> + +<p>1625. Ambrose Arden, Esq. (7).</p> + +<p>1634. Humphrey Arden (inv.).</p> + +<p>1635. Robert Arden, Esq.</p> + +<p>1647. Joan Arden, of Enville.</p></div> + +<p>Berkshire wills:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1578. Edith Arden, Hampton Turvil, Wilts, admin.</p> + +<p>1641. Richard Arden, of Chilton.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></p> + +<p>It may interest some to have the following unrecorded entries:</p> + +<p>From the register of St. Bridget's or St. Bride's, Fleet Street, London:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriages: John Hoare and Agnes Arden, 27 June, 1596."</p> + +<p>"John Arderne and Dennis Harsted by lycence, 8 Nov., 1609."</p></div> + +<p>From the register of St. Martin-in-the-Fields:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Johannes Arden duxit Juditham Battersby per. lic. 24 Nov., 1638."</p></div> + +<p>From the register of St. Clement's Danes, London, in the Strand:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriages: Edward Arden and Mary Waulkner, 11th Nov., 1587."</p> + +<p>"Hamond Rightwood and Elizabeth Arden, 3 Dec., 1618."</p> + +<p>"John Foxwell and Mary Arden, 12th July, 1629."</p> + +<p>"Baptisms: Thomas Arden, son of Thomas and Anne, 20th July, 1627."</p> + +<p>"Guy Arden, son of Thomas Arden and Anne, uxor, 9th Oct., 1632."</p> + +<p>"Burials: Elizabeth Arden, daughter of Thomas, 25th March, 1629."</p> + +<p>"Alethia Arden, daughter of John, 21 Feb., 1617."</p></div> + +<p>Also from the Diocese of Bath and Wells (Harleian Publications):</p> + +<p>"Marriage Licenses: Thomas Arden of Lopen, bachelor, and Elizabeth +Plumer of same, spinster, 10th March, 1755."</p> + +<p>Bishop of London's Marriage Licenses:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Rich. Bromfield and Jone Aorden of St. Margaret's, Westminster, +Feb. 4, 1564."</p> + +<p>"Jan. 15th, 1569-70. John Ardren and Elizabeth Lee 'Puella' of St. +Andrew's, Holborn, to marry there."</p> + +<p>"Nov. 9, 1641. Hugh Phillips gent of Westminster, and Elizabeth +Arden, to marry at St. Faith's."</p> + +<p>"December 22, 1623. Luke Yates of St. Sepulchre's, and Frances +Arden, d. of —— Arden of Whethamstead, Herts."</p> + +<p>"June 15, 1639. John Arden and Dorothy Hazard of Westminster."</p> + +<p>"Feb. 22, 1664. Henry Arden of Chelmsford and Mary Boosie."</p> + +<p>"Oct. 16. 1664. Thomas Arden of Westminster and Theodosia Long of +Parmenter, co. Kent."</p> + +<p>"William Ardrene Junior of St. Martin's, Ludgate, gent., and Mrs. +Alice Smith of Great Wigborough, Essex, widow. March 21, 1665-6."</p></div> + +<p>Mar. Allegations, Reg. Vic. Gen. Cant.:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"William Elwes of St. Clement's Danes and Mrs. Dionysia Arden of +same at St. Saviour's, Southwark, Surrey. Ap. 14, 1688."<a name="FNanchor_585_584" id="FNanchor_585_584"></a><a href="#Footnote_585_584" class="fnanchor">[585]</a></p> + +<p>"John Arden of St. James, Westminster, and Mrs. Elizabeth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span> Wright +of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, Jan. 12, 1687, married at Westminster +Abbey."</p> + +<p>"John Arden of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, gent., and Mrs. Anne +Ratcliffe, Sept. 28, 1691."</p> + +<p>"Francis Marlow of Westham, co. Essex, and Bridget Arden of St. +Sepulchre's, London, September 16, 1674."</p></div> + + +<p>Register of St. James, Clerkenwell, Burials: "Feb. 14, 1688. Ellinor +Arden."</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriages: Jan. 11, 1561-2. John Arden and Anne Phillips."</p> + +<p>"Sept. 15, 1596. Thomas Jerome, and Helen Arden."</p> + +<p>"Christenings: March 6, 1712. Ann, d. of Richard Ardin and +Elizabeth his wife."</p> + +<p>"Jan. 29, 1685-6. James, son of Christopher, and Elizabeth Ardon."</p> + +<p>"June 25, 1676. Mary, d. of Robert and Jane Arden."</p></div> + +<p>Registers of St. George's, Hanover Square:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriages: May 14, 1757. John Hutchins and Miriam Arden, Lic."</p> + +<p>"October 30, 1786. Thomas Ardren, and Elizabeth Head."</p> + +<p>"August 5, 1786. Samuel Ardron, and Mary Bellamy Higdon."</p> + +<p>"March 19, 1787. Thomas Oliver, and Susannah Ardrenn."</p> + +<p>"Hon. Thomas Walpole and the Right Hon. Margaret Perceval. Spec. +Lic. Witnesses Lord Arden, H. Walpole, and M. E. Arden."</p> + +<p>"Sep. 3, 1788. William Carter and Mary Ardren."</p> + +<p>"Sep. 29, 1811. John Exley Adams and Anna Maria Arden, Lic., Oct. +24, 1811."</p> + +<p>[At the marriage of H. F. Compton Cavendish and Sarah Fawkenor, a +witness is Catharine Emma Arden. Also Lord Walpole to Mary +Fawkenor, July 23, 1812, witnesses Catharine Emma Arden and +Henrietta Arden.]</p> + +<p>"Dec. 28, 1815. John Ardin and Sarah West."</p> + +<p>"Feb. 12, 1832. James Ardren and Harriet Pugh."</p> + +<p>[B. R. Arden witness to marriage of Rich. Pennefather and the Rt. +Hon. Lady Emily Georgiana Butler, July 26, 1836. Lord Arden witness +to Charles Scrase Dickins and the Rt. Hon. Frances Elizabeth +Compton, Feb. 18, 1829.]</p></div> + +<p>Registers of St. Dionis, Backchurch:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriages: October 16, 1653. Edmund Webberley and Elizabeth +Ardourne."</p> + +<p>"Dec. 13, 1694. John Arden of St. Faith's, London, and Grace +Lansdale of the same Parish."</p> + +<p>"Oct. 27, 1696. Humphrey Arden of Rotherhithe co. Surrey, and +Elizabeth Page of St. John's, Wapping."</p></div> + +<p>Registers of St. George, Hyde Park Corner:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"May 7, 1750. John Pearce of Westminster and Mary Arden of St. +Margaret's, Westminster."</p> + +<p>"Jan. 12, 1752. William Houghton and Susannah Arden of St. James, +Westminster."</p> + +<p>"June 14, 1753. James Ardern and Elizabeth Bath."</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span></p> + +<p>Registers of St. Paul's:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Nott Fettiplace, Esq., of the Middle Temple, London, and Anna +Catherina Arden of Longcroft Hall in the County of Stafford, were +married by Licence by me in this Cathedral. Thomas Spateman, 15th +Nov., 1753."</p></div> + +<p>Registers of St. Thomas Apostle, London:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Burial: Thomas Arden, December 11, 1750."</p></div> + +<p>Registers of Kensington Parish:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Christenings: July 8th, 1649. Elizabeth daughter of John and Mary +Ardin."</p> + +<p>"July 24, 1642. Thomas, s. of John and Mary Ardin."</p> + +<p>"Dec. 29, 1644. Thomas, s. of John and Mary Ardin."</p> + +<p>"March 14, 1646. Mary, daughter of John and Mary Arden."</p> + +<p>"Feb. 15, 1651. Christening: Edward son of John and Mary Arden."</p> + +<p>"March 27, 1653. James, son of John and Mary Arden."</p> + +<p>"March 27, 1640. Richard, son of John and Mary Arden."</p> + +<p>"April 16, 1656. Daniell, son of John and Mary Arden, at Brompton +(buried Nov. 9th, 1656)."</p></div> + +<p>Registers of St. Antholin:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriage: June 22, 1578. Roger Cumber and Joyce Arden."</p></div> + +<p>Christ Church, Newgate Street:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Burial: Anne Arden, a prisoner, Jan. 31, 1733."</p></div> + +<p>Registers of St. Michael's, Cornhill:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>"Marriage: June 8, 1675. John Arden and Elizabeth Briscoe, by Lic."</p> + +<p>"Robert Ardone and Agnes Holder, Aug. 29, 1565."</p> + +<p>"Christenings: Dec. 6th, 1670. Thomas, son of John Arden and Mary +his wife, Dec. 6, 1670."</p> + +<p>"Richard, son of John Arden and Mary his wife, Dec. 20, 1672."</p> + +<p>"Aug. 20, 1683. Alice, daughter of John Arderne and Elizabeth his +wife."</p> + +<p>"May 25, 1686. Ralph, s. of John Ardern and Elizabeth his wife."</p> + +<p>"Burials: Sept. 9, 1674. Mary, d. of John Arden and Mary his wife."</p> + +<p>"Thomas, son of John Arden the Parish Clerk in the Churchyard, Ap. +24, 1679."</p> + +<p>"Thomas Arden, a Stranger, in the Cloister, May 20, 1705."</p></div> + +<p>Chancery Proceedings in reign of James I.:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>B.A., 2, 8. Arderne <i>v.</i> Arderne.</p> + +<p>B.A., 5, 70. Arden <i>v.</i> Askrigg.</p> + +<p>B.A., 7, 49. Arden <i>v.</i> Biddulph and others.</p> + +<p>B.A., 8, 16. Ardern et al. <i>v.</i> Rysbrook et al.</p> + +<p>B.A., 9, 28. Arden <i>v.</i> Hodges et al.</p> + +<p>B.A., 10, 26. Arden <i>v.</i> Hodges.</p> + +<p>B.A., 4, 13. Ardern <i>v.</i> Greenfield, etc.</p> + +<p>B.B., 20, 28. Browne Mil. <i>v.</i> Arden et al.</p> + +<p>Will in the Public Record Office, 5 G.T., p. 20: "No. 8. John +Arden, 16 May, 1718."</p></div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_581_580" id="Footnote_581_580"></a><a href="#FNanchor_581_580"><span class="label">[581]</span></a> Robert Arden purchased another tenement from him and his +wife Agnes in 1619.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_582_581" id="Footnote_582_581"></a><a href="#FNanchor_582_581"><span class="label">[582]</span></a> Robert Arden purchased another tenement from John Palmer +in 1529.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_583_582" id="Footnote_583_582"></a><a href="#FNanchor_583_582"><span class="label">[583]</span></a> Adam Palmer and Hugh Porter were trustees for Robert's +settlements on his daughters.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_584_583" id="Footnote_584_583"></a><a href="#FNanchor_584_583"><span class="label">[584]</span></a> In St. Mary's, Warwick, a marble monument bears similar +arms sacred to the memory of "Franciscus Chernocke of gen. antiqua. +Baronet cognominum in com. Bedford, familia oriundus. Obiit 1727, æt. +69."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_585_584" id="Footnote_585_584"></a><a href="#FNanchor_585_584"><span class="label">[585]</span></a> Lieutenant, R.N.; died, <i>s.p.</i>, 1691. Mrs. Elwes died, +<i>s.p.</i>, 1718 (Marshall's "Genealogist," i. 149).</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span></p> +<h2>INDEX</h2> + + +<p> +Abel, Margaret, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Abell, Agnes, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Abington, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a><br /> +<br /> +Adams, John Exley, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Addenbroke, John, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a><br /> +<br /> +Adderley, Sir Charles, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Lady Anne, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ailwin, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Albans, St., Hall, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a><br /> +<br /> +Alcester, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a><br /> +<br /> +Alcock, Anne, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Alcokkes, John, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Alderley, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Nether, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Aldford, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a><br /> +<br /> +Aldford, Richard de, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<br /> +Alfred, King, vi, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Allen <i>v.</i> Burbage, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Alleyn, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a><br /> +<br /> +Allon, Thomas, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a><br /> +<br /> +Altcar, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Alvanley, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>-202<br /> +<br /> +Amabilia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">de Glanville, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Amicia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +Andrew, Mary, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Appowell, John, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a><br /> +<br /> +Archer, Joan, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Richard, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Archivists, Society of, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a><br /> +<br /> +Archy's "Banquet of Jests," <a href='#Page_84'>84</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Arden, Arderne</span>, or <span class="smcap">de Arden</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adam, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Adam, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adela, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adeliza, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Agnes, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Agnes, of Wilmecote, m. (1) Hewyns, (2) Stringer, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Agnes Webbe, m. (1) Hill, (2) Arden, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her will, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alethea, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alianore, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alice, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alice of Wilmecote, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alicia, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amabilia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amabilia de Glanville m. Ralph de Hampton, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ambrose, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amicia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Amy, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anna, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anna Catharine, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anna Maria, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anthony, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Aveline, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Barbara, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beatrix, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">B. R., <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bridget, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Emma, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cecilia, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Christian, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Christopher, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cicely, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniell, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dionysia, Mrs., <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dorothy, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edith, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, of Park Hall, 1532-1583. <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elena, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Mistress, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellinor, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eustace, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eustachia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Felicia or Phillis, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frances, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fraunces, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Galfridus, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Geoffrey, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Giles, Sir, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Godfrey, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Goditha, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Guy, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harald, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hawisia, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helen, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, Sir, of Park Hall, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henrietta, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Heraud, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Herbert, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh de Vienna, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabel, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabella, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isolda, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, Rev. Dean, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, Captain, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, of Wilmecote, m. Lambert, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johane, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johanna, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, Sir, Park Hall, Esquire of the Body, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, Sir, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Pepper Hall, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, Clerk of the Works, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Newark, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Wisbeach, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jone, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, of Wilmecote, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, Mistress, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judith, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine, of Wilmecote, m. Edkins, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laurence, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leonard the priest, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Letitia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leverunia, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucia, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, of Wilmecote, m. Webbe, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margery, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martin, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a>, <a href='#Page_239'>239</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, of Wilmecote, m. Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maud, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miriam, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Muriel, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., of Feversham, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">M. E., <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholaa, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oliva, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Osbert, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Perkin, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter, Sir, of Latton, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierce, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph, of Hampton, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph, Sir, of Park Hall, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph, Sir, of Hornden, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Pepper, Baron Alvanley, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, of Berwick-upon-Tweed, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Cottesford, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Henley, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">de Draiton, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Lapworth, Rector, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Park Hall, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Norfolk, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, of Wilmecote, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">His will, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, of Yoxall, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">R. Crewe, Rev., <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sibilla, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Simon, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Longcroft, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Siward, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susannah, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a>, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a>, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a>, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas de Draiton, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas de Hanwell, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Long Itchington, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of St. Martin's, Outwich, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Park Hall, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, of Wilmecote, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, son of Walter, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Timothy, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Turchil, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ursula, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ursuley, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virgil, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walkeline, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, of Park Hall, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">His will, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, son of Thomas of Park Hall, his will, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, of Hawnes, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ardens' Arms, The, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Impalement of the, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ardens, The, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Ardens, The, of Alvanley, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bedfordshire, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Burnham, Bucks, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cheshire, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cottesford, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Essex, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Feversham, Tragedy of, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kent, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kirtlington, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">London, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Longcroft, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oxfordshire, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Park Hall, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Victoria, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Warwickshire, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wilmecote, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yorkshire, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ardeney, Alice, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Arden's Grafton, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Arderon, William, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a><br /> +<br /> +Armyn, Robert, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a><br /> +<br /> +Arthgal, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +Asbies, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Ashby, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +Ashwell, John, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +Astley, Isabella, Prioress of Wroxall, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a><br /> +<br /> +Aston Cantlow, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a><br /> +<br /> +Athelstan, King, vi, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a><br /> +<br /> +<i>Athenæum</i>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a><br /> +<br /> +Atkins or Edkins, Richard, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Atwood, Thomas, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a><br /> +<br /> +Auberville, Matilda de, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William de, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span>Averne, Anne, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Babthorpe, Margaret, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Robert, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Baconians, The, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a><br /> +<br /> +Baddesley Clinton, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a><br /> +<br /> +Badger, George, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<br /> +Bagley, Edward, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a><br /> +<br /> +Bagleys, The, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a><br /> +<br /> +Bagot, Hervey, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dorothy, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Baker's "Northampton," <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a><br /> +<br /> +Balsall, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Barbor, John, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Barber, Thomas le, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a><br /> +<br /> +Barker, Herald, Sir Christopher, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Barking, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Barnards, The, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a><br /> +<br /> +Barnard, Sir John, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Barnesley, John, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Barnet, James, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a><br /> +<br /> +Barston, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a><br /> +<br /> +Barton, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Barton-on-the-Heath, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a><br /> +<br /> +Basnet, Mr., <a href='#Page_122'>122</a><br /> +<br /> +Basse, Master John, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Bath, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Battersby, Judith, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Bawdsey, or Bawsey, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Bearley, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a><br /> +<br /> +Beauchamps, de, or Bellocampo, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arms, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alicia de, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady, of Bergavenny, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord, of Bergavenny, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maud, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, Earl of Worcester, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Beaumont, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His poems, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Beaupré, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Bedfordshire, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<br /> +Belknap, Edward, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Bell in Carter Lane, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +Bellomont, Roger de, Earl of Mellent, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Benfield, Swanston and Pollard <i>v.</i> Burbage, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a><br /> +<br /> +Berewood Hall, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Berkshire, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +Berkswell, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Berry's "Genealogies," <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a><br /> +<br /> +Beverston Register, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +Bevis, Sir, of Hampton, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Bibbesworth, Thomas, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a><br /> +<br /> +Bickley, Mr. W.B., <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a><br /> +<br /> +Biddle, Anne, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a><br /> +<br /> +Bigsby, Dr., <a href='#Page_109'>109</a><br /> +<br /> +Billesley, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a><br /> +<br /> +Bilton, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Birmingham, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Birt, John, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a><br /> +<br /> +Blackfriars' tenement, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theatre, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Blagrove, John, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a><br /> +<br /> +Blaxton, Rev. Mr., <a href='#Page_212'>212</a><br /> +<br /> +Blomfield's "Norfolk," <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Blount, John Henry, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +Bodleian Library, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Bohun, Anne, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">D.A., <a href='#Page_191'>191</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Boles, Rev. Mr., <a href='#Page_97'>97</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Christian, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Boosie, Mary, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Bordesley, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a><br /> +<br /> +Botecourt, Sir John de, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +Boteler, John, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Boulogne, Earl Eustace of, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a><br /> +<br /> +Bouton, Sir William, Curate, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Boutvilein, Nicholaa de, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William de, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Bowes, Mr., of King's College, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<br /> +Bowles, Anne, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Bracebridges, The, of Kingsbury, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alice, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Bradshaw, George, executed, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a><br /> +<br /> +Bratt, Mr. Robert, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a><br /> +<br /> +Brayley's "Surrey," <a href='#Page_207'>207</a><br /> +<br /> +Braylys, Geys, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Brearley, Thomas, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a><br /> +<br /> +Bredon, Worcestershire, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +Brewer, Anne, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a><br /> +<br /> +Bridge's "Northampton," <a href='#Page_196'>196</a><br /> +<br /> +Brigide's, St., Church, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a><br /> +<br /> +Briscoe, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a><br /> +<br /> +Bristol Wills, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Broadspear, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a><br /> +<br /> +Brodesley, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Broke, Simon, Clerk, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Brome, Beatrice, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jocosa, Prioress, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Bromfield, Richard, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Brook, Ralph, York Herald, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a><br /> +<br /> +Brown, daughter, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span>Brownlow pedigree, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Bucknall, Thomas Skip Dyott, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harriet Sophia, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Budbrook, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Buklond, Alice, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +Burbage, Anne, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cuthbert, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winifred, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Burke's "Landed Gentry," <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Colonial Gentry," <a href='#Page_221'>221</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Burleigh, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a><br /> +<br /> +Bushell, Mr., <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +Butler, Lady Emily Georgiana, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Byrdsale, William, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Cade, Richard, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Cage, The, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a><br /> +<br /> +Camden, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His "Britannia," <a href='#Page_84'>84</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Campbell's "Lives of the Judges," <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Campbell, Hon. John, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Carew, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a><br /> +<br /> +Carlisle, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Carter, Maria Anna, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Catesby, John, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a>, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<br /> +Catheryns, Humphrey, Mr., <a href='#Page_229'>229</a><br /> +<br /> +Cavendish, H. F. Compton, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Chacsper, Thomas, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<br /> +Chafford, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Chaloner, John, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a><br /> +<br /> +Chamber, William, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +Champe, Thomas, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +Champ, Joseph, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a><br /> +<br /> +Chancery Cases, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a><br /> +<br /> +Charles I., a student of Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a><br /> +<br /> +Charnells, John, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Charterhouse Chapel, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a><br /> +<br /> +Chaucer, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a><br /> +<br /> +Chaworth, Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Chedwyns, The, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<br /> +Chelesworthy Manor, Devon, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a><br /> +<br /> +Cheney, Katharine, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Chernocke, Francis, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a><br /> +<br /> +"Cheshire Collections," Vincent's, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Chester, Earl of, Prince of Wales, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ranulph, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Chettle, publisher, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Chettleton, William de, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +Chief, Thomas, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a><br /> +<br /> +Children's Company of Actors, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Church End, Rowington, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Claredon, or Claverdon, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +Clement's Danes, St., Register, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Clerk, Nicholas, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a><br /> +<br /> +Clifford Chambers, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +Clifton Camvile, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a><br /> +<br /> +Clinton, Henry de, Earl of Huntingdon, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a><br /> +<br /> +Clodeshalle, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard de, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter de, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Clopton, Barbara, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Hugh, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir John, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href='#Page_51'>51</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Cockes, Elena, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<br /> +Codd, Rev. E. T., <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Codmore, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bailiff of, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Codyngton, Mr., daughters of, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a><br /> +<br /> +Cokaine, Sir Aston, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Colbrand, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Cole, Henry, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a><br /> +<br /> +"Colin Clout's Come Home Again," Spenser's, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a><br /> +<br /> +Collier, J. P., <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Collins, Agnes, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edith, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katherine, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">name of, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Colyns, Hugh, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Combe, John, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. Thomas, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. William, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Comedy of Errors," The, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Compton, Rt. Hon., Frances Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Compton, Philip, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +Compton Winyate, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Condell, Henry, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a><br /> +<br /> +Conway, Edward, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir John, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Cooke, Gilbert the, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a><br /> +<br /> +Cooke, Dr. James, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">J., <a href='#Page_85'>85</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomasine, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Cooke, the Herald, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a><br /> +<br /> +Corbet, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reginald, Justice, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Cornish, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a><br /> +<br /> +Cornwall, Edward, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a><br /> +<br /> +Cotgrave, Richard de, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Cotesbrook Church, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span>Cotterell, Nicholas, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<br /> +Cotton, Alethea, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Coughton, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +"Court of Virtue," Dr. John Hall's, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a><br /> +<br /> +Court, Mrs. Grace, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, attorney, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Coventry, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<br /> +Cowley, Richard, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a><br /> +<br /> +Cowper, John, Under-Sheriff, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a><br /> +<br /> +Cowper, Mr. J.M., <a href='#Page_141'>141</a><br /> +<br /> +Coxe, Margery, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Crabhouse, Prioress of, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<br /> +Croke, John, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Crollalanza, Goffredo di, <a href='#Page_1'>1</a><br /> +<br /> +Cromwell, Lord, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a><br /> +<br /> +Crosmore, Agnes, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Culpepper, Richard, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a><br /> +<br /> +Cumber, Roger, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a><br /> +<br /> +Curdworth, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a><br /> +<br /> +Currie, Colin, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Cymbeline, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Dance, Mr. William, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a><br /> +<br /> +Darcy, Edward, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a><br /> +<br /> +Daubeney, John, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a><br /> +<br /> +Davenant, John, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir William, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Davenport, Mary, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rev. William of Bredon and Lacock Abbey, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Davies, John, "Microcosmus, the Civil Warres of Death and Fortune," <a href='#Page_34'>34</a><br /> +<br /> +Dawson, Harriet, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<br /> +Debrett's Peerage, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Denbigh, Earl of, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a><br /> +<br /> +Denham, Joan, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir John, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Derbyshire, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a><br /> +<br /> +Dethick, Sir William, Garter, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Devereux, Lady Catherine, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Edward, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Deye, John, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a><br /> +<br /> +Dibdin's "History of the Edinburgh Stage," <a href='#Page_73'>73</a><br /> +<br /> +Dickenson, Mr. C. C., <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a><br /> +<br /> +Dickins, Charles Scrase, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Dier, Sir Edward, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Digby, Sir George, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a><br /> +<br /> +Digges, Leonard, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a><br /> +<br /> +Dilcock, Henry, of Coventry, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Dimbleby, Mrs., <a href='#Page_146'>146</a><br /> +<br /> +Divos, Rev. Roger, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a><br /> +<br /> +Dixson, Thomas, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a><br /> +<br /> +Dodde, Dorothea (Mrs. Shakespeare), <a href='#Page_145'>145</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane (Mrs. Wren), <a href='#Page_145'>145</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Domesday Book, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Done, John, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a><br /> +<br /> +Donnelly, Hon. Ignatius, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a><br /> +<br /> +Doulton, Bridget, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a><br /> +<br /> +D'Oyley, Justice, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a><br /> +<br /> +Dragon, The, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Draiton, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +Drape, Richard, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a><br /> +<br /> +Drayton, Michael, the Poet, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<br /> +Drey, Christopher, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Drummond's "Noble British Families," <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<br /> +Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<br /> +Dudley, Mr. Thomas, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a><br /> +<br /> +Dudston, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Dugdale, Sir William, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His "Monasticon," <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">His "Warwickshire," <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Duncombe, Mr., <a href='#Page_111'>111</a><br /> +<br /> +Dwale, John, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a><br /> +<br /> +Dyer, Rev. Mr., <a href='#Page_111'>111</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ealdstreet, Prebendary of (Hugh Saunders, or Shakespeare), <a href='#Page_15'>15</a><br /> +<br /> +"Earliest Official Record of Shakespeare's Name," <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Earwaker's "East Cheshire," <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a><br /> +<br /> +Echenours, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +Edgehill, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a><br /> +<br /> +Edkyns, or Atkins, Adam, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clement, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, senior, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, junior, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Edmund, King, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Edmunds, Alice, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Edward I., <a href='#Page_160'>160</a><br /> +<br /> +Edward the Confessor, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the Elder, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the Martyr, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Edwards, Margaret, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a><br /> +<br /> +Elford, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<br /> +Elizabeth, Queen, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a><br /> +<br /> +Ellerker, Sir Ralph, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a><br /> +<br /> +Ellesmere, Lord, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a><br /> +<br /> +Elton, Oliver, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<br /> +Elwes, William, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Empson, Sir Richard, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a><br /> +<br /> +Engelger, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Ensors, The, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a><br /> +<br /> +Ermenhild, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Errors, Brooke's pamphlet of Camden's, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Comedy of, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Essex, Countess of, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Earl of, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Forest of, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Essex, Shakespeares of, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Etchells, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<br /> +Ethelfleda, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Ethelred, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Eton, The Master of, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a><br /> +<br /> +Eton, Cicely de, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas de, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Euphorbus, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Eustace de Arden, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<br /> +Eustachia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +Euston, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Evenley, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Farron, William, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a><br /> +<br /> +Fawkenor, Mary, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Feckenham, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a><br /> +<br /> +Felicia, or Phillis the Fair of Warwick, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Fellows, William, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a><br /> +<br /> +Fenwick, Charles, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<br /> +Fenwick, Octavia, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<br /> +Ferne, Sir John, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a><br /> +<br /> +Ferrars, Thomas, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a><br /> +<br /> +Ferrers, Mr. Henry, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a><br /> +<br /> +Fettiplace, Nott, Esq., <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Field, Henry, tanner, of Stratford-on-Avon, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, his son, printer, of London, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Fielding, Basil, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dorothy, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Fillongley, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<br /> +Finsbury Fields, The Theatre in, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +First folio of Shakespeare's Plays, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a><br /> +<br /> +Fisher, Clement, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<br /> +Fisher, John, The Book of, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a><br /> +<br /> +Fisher's "Forest of Essex," <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<br /> +Fitzalan, John, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<br /> +FitzCana de Bohun, Engelger, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Franco, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gelduin, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Savaric, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Fitzralph, Robert, de Middleham, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Fleay's "History of the Stage," <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Life of Shakespeare," <a href='#Page_76'>76</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Flecknoe, Christopher, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Fletcher, Charlotte, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Giles, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lawrence, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Phineas, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Fœdera," Rymer's, Patent to Shakespeare and others, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a><br /> +<br /> +Foss's "Lives of the Judges," <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a>, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a><br /> +<br /> +Foxwell, John, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Franklin, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Franklyn, Mr., <a href='#Page_217'>217</a><br /> +<br /> +Freeman's "Epigrams," <a href='#Page_34'>34</a><br /> +<br /> +French, G. R., "Shakespeareana Genealogica," <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a>, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a><br /> +<br /> +Freville, Baldwin, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a><br /> +<br /> +Freyndon, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Fuller's "Worthies of England," <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a><br /> +<br /> +Fulwood, John, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Furnivall, Dr. F.J., <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Galton, Mr. Francis, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a><br /> +<br /> +Gamell, John, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Garnett, Dr. Richard, <a href='#Page_1'>1</a><br /> +<br /> +Gay, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Gaynsford, John, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<br /> +Gearing, Agnes, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Gedney, John, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a><br /> +<br /> +"Gentlemen of Verona," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +George, St., <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +Gerard, Father, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a><br /> +<br /> +Gerard's "Herbal," <a href='#Page_213'>213</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Getley, Walter, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a><br /> +<br /> +Gibbes, George, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Gibbons of Oxfordshire, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Gifford, Isabel, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Gilbert, Sir William, Curate, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a><br /> +<br /> +Gilpitts, The, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a><br /> +<br /> +Glanville, Amabilia de, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helewise de, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, or Maud de, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph de, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a>, <a href='#Page_193'>193</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Globe Theatre, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a><br /> +<br /> +Glover's "Heraldry," <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a><br /> +<br /> +Glover, William, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +Gloucester Wills, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +Goldsmith, Mrs. Anne, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Gollancz, Mr. Israel, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Goodwin, Mary, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a><br /> +<br /> +Goodyere, Anne, The "Idea" of Drayton, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<br /> +Gotheridge, Mary, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a><br /> +<br /> +Grace, Alice, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Grange, John, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a><br /> +<br /> +Gray's Inn revels, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Green, Alice, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anna, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_116'>116</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Green, Thomas, alias Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Greene's "Groatsworth of Wit" and the "Upstart Crow," <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Greenhill Street House, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a><br /> +<br /> +Greenstreet, Rev. James, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Greenway the Carrier, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +Greenwich, Shakespeare plays at, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<br /> +Gregory, Rev. Mr., <a href='#Page_212'>212</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Greswold, Thomas, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Gretwyn, Thomas, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a><br /> +<br /> +Greville, Sir Edward, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Fulke, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ludovic, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Grevilles of Drayton, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Grey, Lord, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Griffin, Agnes, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alice, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Guiderius, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Guildhall Library, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a><br /> +<br /> +Gutheridge, Mr., a Dealer in Leather, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +Guthmund, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Guy of Warwick, <a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Guy's Cliff, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Guy, William, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a><br /> +<br /> +Gwillim's "Display of Heraldry," <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Haberdasher's Books, The, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Hales, Bartholomew, Lord of Manor of Snitterfield, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a><br /> +<br /> +Hall, Alice, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, poet's grand-daughter, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eme, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emma, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, priest, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dr. John of Maidstone, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dr. John, the poet's son-in-law, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">his cures, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">his epitaph, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. A., <a href='#Page_95'>95</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rev. Dr., <a href='#Page_212'>212</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Simon, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susanna, the poet's daughter, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_98'>98</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her epitaph, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Halls, Arms of the, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a><br /> +<br /> +Halls, the, of Henwick, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">of Idlecote, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">of Warwick, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">of Worcester, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hallen, Rev. Cornelius, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a><br /> +<br /> +Halliwell-Phillipps, "Outlines of the Life of Shakespeare," <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a><br /> +<br /> +Halstead, Peter, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Hamilton, Fanny Isabella, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Robert North Collie, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hammond, William, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_108'>108</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hampden, Eleanor, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hampton in Arden, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucy, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">-on-Avon, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Corley, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hanhampsted, John, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a><br /> +<br /> +Harbage, Francis, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a><br /> +<br /> +Harborne, John, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a><br /> +<br /> +Hareley, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Hargrave, John, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a><br /> +<br /> +Harold, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Harper, Catherine, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Harstead, Dennis, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Hart, George, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, poet's sister, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Henry, F.S.A., <a href='#Page_4'>4</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Harts, The, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a><br /> +<br /> +Hartwell, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Harveys, The Rowington, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a><br /> +<br /> +Haselden, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a><br /> +<br /> +Haseley, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a><br /> +<br /> +Hasted's "History of Kent," <a href='#Page_217'>217</a><br /> +<br /> +"Haste-vibrans," <a href='#Page_1'>1</a><br /> +<br /> +Hastings, John, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a><br /> +<br /> +Hathaway, Agnes or Anne, poet's wife, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Her epitaph, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bartholomew, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catherine, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabel, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judith, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hathaway, Richard, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susanna, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hathaways, The, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hatton, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +Hatton, Sir Christopher, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<br /> +Havering, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Hawarden, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a><br /> +<br /> +Hawnes, Beds, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<br /> +Hayles, James, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a><br /> +<br /> +Hazard, Dorothy, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a><br /> +<br /> +Head, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Hedges, Henry, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +Helen's, St., Parish, Bishopsgate, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Hemings, John, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a><br /> +<br /> +Henley, John, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a><br /> +<br /> +Henley-on-Thames, The Ardens of, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a><br /> +<br /> +Henley Street House, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a><br /> +<br /> +Henneage, Sir Thomas, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a><br /> +<br /> +Henrietta Maria, Queen, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +"Henry IV.," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +"Henry VIII.," <a href='#Page_77'>77</a><br /> +<br /> +Heraud, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Hertfordshire, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a><br /> +<br /> +Hewes, Joan, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Hewlands, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a><br /> +<br /> +Hewyns, John, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Heylin's "History of St. George," <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +Higgins, Alice, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Highworth, Wilts, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a><br /> +<br /> +Hill, Agnes (Mrs. Arden), <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Bearley, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Rowington (1485), <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hoare, John, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Hobbyns, Julian (Mrs. Shakespeare), <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +Hodgson, Margaret, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Holder, Alice, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a><br /> +<br /> +Holgrave, Alice, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir John, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a>, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Holinshed's "Chronicles," <a href='#Page_17'>17</a><br /> +<br /> +Holland, Thurston, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Holyoake, Mr., "who made the dictionary," <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<br /> +Hooper, Humphrey, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a><br /> +<br /> +Hornby, Richard, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a><br /> +<br /> +Hornchurch, Shakespeares of, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Horndon, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a><br /> +<br /> +Hospicium Vocatum le Greyhounde, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Hospital of St. Nicolas, Carlisle, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Howard, Lord Henry, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Howitt's, William, "Visits to Remarkable Places," <a href='#Page_226'>226</a><br /> +<br /> +Huddespit, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hugh de Vienna, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +Hulme, Agnes, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<br /> +Hunter, Rev. Joseph, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a><br /> +<br /> +Huva, or Uve, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Hybarnes, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Hyde, Cecily de, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ingleby, Dr. Thomas, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a><br /> +<br /> +Ingon, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Ingram, Richard, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a><br /> +<br /> +Inson, William, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Jackley, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<br /> +Jaggard, William, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a><br /> +<br /> +James I., King, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a><br /> +<br /> +Jenkes, Dorothy, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Jennings, Alice, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a><br /> +<br /> +Jeny, M.L., <a href='#Page_159'>159</a><br /> +<br /> +Jephson, William, vintner, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a><br /> +<br /> +Jerome, Thomas, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +John, King, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +John, St., of Jerusalem Hospital, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Jons, Joan, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Jonson, Ben, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a><br /> +<br /> +Josselyn, Gabriel, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Kakley, Isolda, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Kambur, Margaret, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Kemp, William, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a><br /> +<br /> +Kenilworth, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Kent, Edward, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Junior, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Kineton, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a><br /> +<br /> +King, Mr. W. Wickham, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Kingsmell, John, Sergeant-at-Law, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a><br /> +<br /> +Kirkland, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Kirtlington, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<br /> +Knightley, Sir Richard, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a><br /> +<br /> +Knights Templars, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +Knolles, Nicholas, Vicar of Alveston, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a><br /> +<br /> +Knowle, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Guild of St. Anne of, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Kyngeston, Avisia de, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Kyngeston, Robert de, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Lacock Abbey, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a><br /> +<br /> +Ladbroke, John, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lambert, Edmund, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lane, Annes, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_96'>96</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lane, Green and Shakespeare complain of the tithes, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a><br /> +<br /> +Lane slanders Susanna Hall, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a><br /> +<br /> +Lanfranc's "Chirurgerie," <a href='#Page_93'>93</a><br /> +<br /> +Langham, Alice, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Lansdale, Grace, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Lapworth, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Latton, Essex, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a>, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a><br /> +<br /> +Lawrence, Henry, scrivener, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a><br /> +<br /> +Lee, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Lee, John de, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a><br /> +<br /> +Legh, de, Constantia, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John de, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Leicester, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Earl of, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mayor of, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Leicestershire, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ardens, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shakespeares, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Leigh, John de, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maud, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Leighton, Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a><br /> +<br /> +Leland's "Itinerary," <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a><br /> +<br /> +Lench, John, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a><br /> +<br /> +Leofric, Earl of Mercia, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +Leonetta, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Letherbarrow, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a><br /> +<br /> +Leverunia, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Ley, Francis, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lichfield Wills, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Lightfoot, Mr. J. W., <a href='#Page_141'>141</a><br /> +<br /> +Lily, John, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a><br /> +<br /> +Lingard, Rev. Edmund, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a><br /> +<br /> +L'Isle, Richard de, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Little, Agnes, Prioress of Wroxall, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<br /> +Littleton, Thomas, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Litton, Master, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a><br /> +<br /> +Lloyd, Rev. John William, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a><br /> +<br /> +Lone, Alice, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>-12<br /> +<br /> +Long, Theodosia, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Longcroft, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<br /> +Long Itchington, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a><br /> +<br /> +Longsword, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a><br /> +<br /> +"Love's Labour's Lost," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +"Love's Labour's Wonne," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Lovetot, John, <a href='#Page_215'>215</a><br /> +<br /> +Lewis, Lieutenant Ninian, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a><br /> +<br /> +Lowston End, Rowington, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a><br /> +<br /> +Lucy, Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Deer-stealing story fabulous, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lutterworth, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a><br /> +<br /> +Lyannce, Hatton, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +"Macbeth," <a href='#Page_73'>73</a><br /> +<br /> +"Macbeth," The Scottish and English, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a><br /> +<br /> +Macray, Rev. Dr., <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a><br /> +<br /> +Madoc, Griffin ap, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, daughter of, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Madywattons, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Malaleone, Eustachia, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Savaricius, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Malone's "Life of Shakespeare," <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a><br /> +<br /> +Malory, Charles, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +Manning and Bray's "Surrey," <a href='#Page_159'>159</a><br /> +<br /> +Mara, Agnes de la, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a><br /> +<br /> +Marbury, Frances, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Marchington Register, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Margaret's, St., Westminster, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Margery, Mrs., <a href='#Page_121'>121</a><br /> +<br /> +Marlow, Francis, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Marsh, Antony, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. John, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Martin's, St., -in-the-Fields, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Mary, Queen, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Massey, Hugh, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Masson, Robert, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<br /> +Mather, Agnes, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a><br /> +<br /> +Matthews, Maria, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Mauley's, Lord, Arms, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a><br /> +<br /> +Maxton, Charlotte, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a><br /> +<br /> +Maydes, Richard, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a><br /> +<br /> +Mayne, James Edward, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<br /> +Mayowe, "The Appeal," <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Mazzini, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a><br /> +<br /> +Megre, le, Oliva, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Melbourne, John, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a><br /> +<br /> +Mellent, Earl of, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Mercia, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +"Merchant of Venice," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Mere's, Professor of Literature at Oxford, "Wit's Treasury," <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Meriden, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a><br /> +<br /> +Merrick, Madame Anne, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a><br /> +<br /> +"Merry Wives of Windsor," <a href='#Page_79'>79</a><br /> +<br /> +Merton College, Oxford, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span>"Microcosmus," John Davies', <a href='#Page_34'>34</a><br /> +<br /> +Middleton, John, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir John, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Midsummer Night's Dream," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Milburn, Ellen, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Milton's epitaph on Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a><br /> +<br /> +Minworth, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Mixbury, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a><br /> +<br /> +Moeles, The, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<br /> +Montfort, Simon de, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a><br /> +<br /> +More, Agnes, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Morris, Katherine, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a><br /> +<br /> +Morrison, Lady Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a><br /> +<br /> +Mortimer, Isabella, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Roger, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Mortlake, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a><br /> +<br /> +Moseley's, Mr., account, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a><br /> +<br /> +Mountford, William, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a><br /> +<br /> +Mowsley End, Rowington, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Muerson, Louisa, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<br /> +Mug, Rev. Mr., <a href='#Page_212'>212</a><br /> +<br /> +Muklowe, Katharine, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Murray, Edith, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Sim, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Myttons, Mr., <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Nanson, Mr., Town Clerk of Carlisle, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a><br /> +<br /> +Nash, Arms of, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Nash's "Worcestershire," <a href='#Page_14'>14</a><br /> +<br /> +Naso, Richard, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Nason, John, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<br /> +Natford, <a href='#Page_171'>171</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<br /> +Neville, Barbara, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Edward, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Newburgh, Henry de, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret de, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William de, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Newburghs, or Novoborgos, The, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">their arms, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Newcome, Colonel, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a><br /> +<br /> +Newcourt's "Repertorium," <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a><br /> +<br /> +New Place, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a>, <a href='#Page_103'>103</a>, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a><br /> +<br /> +Newport, Margaret, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a><br /> +<br /> +Newton, Anna Catharine, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Nicholas, St., Hospital of, Carlisle, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Parish, Warwick, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Nichols, Sir George, "History of the English Poor Law," <a href='#Page_37'>37</a><br /> +<br /> +Nichols's "Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica," <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Herald and Genealogist," <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"History of Leicestershire," <a href='#Page_216'>216</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Progresses of King James," <a href='#Page_74'>74</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Nicolas, Sir N.H., <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a><br /> +<br /> +Nicols, Thomas, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +"Non Sans Droict," <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Norhull, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +Norris, Rev. Henry, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a><br /> +<br /> +Northampton, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a>, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a><br /> +<br /> +Northamptonshire, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a><br /> +<br /> +Norton Curlew, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +"Nottingham Records," edited by Mr. W. Stevenson, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a><br /> +<br /> +Nuneaton, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Offord, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Oken's, Thomas, money, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a><br /> +<br /> +Oldich, or Woldiche, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a><br /> +<br /> +Oliver, Mary, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laver, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ormerod's "Cheshire," <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Miscellanea Palatina," <a href='#Page_197'>197</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Orreby, Agnes de, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir John de, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ortelius, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a><br /> +<br /> +Oxfordshire, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a>, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Packwood, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Page, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Pakeson, Thomas, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +Pakingtons, The, of Worcester, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">their arms, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Palmer, Adam, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catherine, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Pardu, John, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a><br /> +<br /> +Park Hall, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a><br /> +<br /> +Parkes, Alice, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Penelope, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Parkins, Isabel, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Parnassus, Return from, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a><br /> +<br /> +Parsons, Robert, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a><br /> +<br /> +Pate, Rev. Lawrence, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<br /> +Pearce, John, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Peche, John, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Pedimore, or Pedmore, Warwickshire, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Worcestershire, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Peele, George, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabel, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Pegge, Mr., <a href='#Page_163'>163</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span>Pembroke, Earl of, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a><br /> +<br /> +Pennefather, Richard, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Penrith, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Pepper, Sarah, <a href='#Page_202'>202</a><br /> +<br /> +Perche, Countess of, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Percival, Right Hon. Margaret, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Perkes, John, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Perkyns, John, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Perpoint, Thomas, <a href='#Page_214'>214</a><br /> +<br /> +Peto, Humphrey, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a><br /> +<br /> +Petyfere, Richard, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a><br /> +<br /> +Philip, King, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Phillips, Anne, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Augustine, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Phillis, or Felicia, of Warwick, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +Pickering, John, Lord Keeper, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +Pilkington, Margaret, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<br /> +Pinley, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +Pipe Office accounts, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<br /> +Pitt, William, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Plague in Stratford, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a><br /> +<br /> +Planché's Roll of Arms, <a href='#Page_213'>213</a><br /> +<br /> +Plautus, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Players, Earl of Worcester's, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">King's Company, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the Lord Chamberlain's, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the Queen's Company, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Plays not to be performed in Guildhall, Stratford, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<br /> +Plesseto, Alured de, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Plumer, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Plumstead, Thomas of, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a><br /> +<br /> +Plutarch's "Lives," <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Poate, George, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a><br /> +<br /> +Pole, William de la, Earl of Suffolk, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a><br /> +<br /> +Pollard, Benfield, and Swanston <i>v.</i> Burbage, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a><br /> +<br /> +Poole, Isabel, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a><br /> +<br /> +Pooley, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir William, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Porter, Hugh, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Portingale, Richard, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a><br /> +<br /> +Pouter, Nicholas, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<br /> +Powlett, William, D.D., <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<br /> +Pre-Shakespearean London Shakespeares, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Price, Goditha, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Herbert, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Michael, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Prince, John, of Abingdon, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a><br /> +<br /> +Prins, William, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a><br /> +<br /> +Prior, Walter, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<br /> +"Pruslbury," <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<br /> +Pugh, Harriet, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Puttenham's "Art of Poetrie," <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Pythagoras, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Pytt, William, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Quiney, Adrian, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judith, poet's daughter, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, of London, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, of Stratford, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, son of Thomas and Judith, and grandson of the poet, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Shakespere, son of Thomas and Judith, and grandson of the poet, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, poet's son-in-law, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_91'>91</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, son of Thomas and Judith, and grandson of the poet, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Radcliffe, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John de, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda de, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard de, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Rainsford, Lady Anne, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Henry, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Randall, John, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a><br /> +<br /> +"Rape of Lucrece," <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a><br /> +<br /> +Ratcliffe, Mrs. Anne, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_235'>235</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Ratsey's Ghost," <a href='#Page_34'>34</a><br /> +<br /> +Rawreth, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Raynborn, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Reve, John, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Rewardine, Gloucestershire, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a><br /> +<br /> +Reynolds, Humphrey, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Richard II.," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a><br /> +<br /> +"Richard III.," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Richardson, Cicely, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ridley, Jane, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Matthew, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Rightwood, Hamond, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Robbins, Antony, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Roberts, Margery, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, shoemaker, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Robinson, Dr. William, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Rocliff, Master John, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a><br /> +<br /> +Rodburn, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Rogers, Henry, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Romeo and Juliet," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a><br /> +<br /> +Roses, The Wars of the, <a href='#Page_26'>26</a>, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Rosswell, Mr., <a href='#Page_69'>69</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span>Rotley, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Rous, John, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +<br /> +Rowbotham, Jane, <a href='#Page_188'>188</a><br /> +<br /> +Rowington, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Court Rolls, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Records of, edited by Mr. J.W. Rylands, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_220'>220</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Rucking, Kent, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a><br /> +<br /> +Rupert, Prince, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a><br /> +<br /> +Rushby, Agnes, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ruswell, Mary, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Rymer's "Fœdera," the grant of Shakespeare and others, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Sadler, Hamnet, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judith, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, baker, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sage, Joseph, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a><br /> +<br /> +Sakesper, Simon, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<br /> +Sakspere, Henry, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Salisbury, Earl of, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a><br /> +<br /> +Saltley, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a><br /> +<br /> +Salveyn, Geoffrey, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a><br /> +<br /> +Sandells, Fulke, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a><br /> +<br /> +Sanders, Margaret, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sattlewell, William, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Saunders, Hugh, alias Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +Sautemaris, Geoffrey de, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<br /> +Savage, Mr. Richard, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a><br /> +<br /> +Saviour's, St., Church of, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a><br /> +<br /> +Saxper, Nicholas, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Saray, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sayer, Louisa Caroline, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Scarlett, or Skerlett, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Scatcliffe, John, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Schakespeir, or Schaftspeire, Sir Thomas, priest, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Scory, Bishop, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a><br /> +<br /> +Scotland, Shakespeare in, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a><br /> +<br /> +Scott, Sir Walter, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Seeley, Martha, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a><br /> +<br /> +Seneca, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Sewell, Margaret, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a><br /> +<br /> +Shackspeare v. Lambert, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare, Abigail, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adam, of Oldiche (1389), <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">the Younger (1441), <a href='#Page_6'>6</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Adrian, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Agnes, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alderman, the, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alice, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alicia, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Allan, of Cumberland, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Andrew, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ann, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Annah, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, Mrs., <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, the poet's sister, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, the poet's wife, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_225'>225</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Annis, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anthony, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Antonio, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Antony, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">arms of, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>-34, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur Bucknall, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur Franklin, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur Robert, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur William, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arthur Wyndham, Rev., <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Augusta, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Barbara, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bennet, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Betty, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Bowles, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Maxtor, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Christian, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Christopher, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clement, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Colin, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cornelius, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dorothy, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund, the poet's brother, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward O., <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elena, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth (Huddespit), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellen, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellinor, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emma, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Florence, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frances, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick George, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Geoffrey, of Brixton, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Bucknall, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Trant, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Georgiana, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Henrietta Matilda, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gilbert, the poet's brother, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hamnet, the poet's son, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hannah, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harriet, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harriet Blanche, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henrietta, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry (1349), of Cumberland, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, the poet's uncle, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Davenport, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry John Childe, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hester, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Humphrey, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, alias Saunders, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_16'>16</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ida Nea, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabel, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabella, Prioress of Wroxall, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isolda (Kakley), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane, or Johanna, Domina, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jeames, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joan, the poet's sister, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joane, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joanna, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johanna, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johanna, or Jane, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johannes (1526), <a href='#Page_12'>12</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Clifford Chambers, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Doncaster, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Ingon, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Kent (1278), <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Nottingham (1357), <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Oldiche (1414), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Rowington, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of St. Clement's Danes, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of St. Martin's, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Snitterfield, Agricola, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">of Warwick, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, the shoemaker, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, the poet's father, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">comes to Stratford-on-Avon, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">marries, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">alderman, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">bailiff, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">place of residence, <a href='#Page_55'>55</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lambert's mortgage, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">death, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Davenport, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Dowdeswell, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Jos. Art., <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Joseph, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Shadwell, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of St. Clement's, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of St. Martin's, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Talbot, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jonathan, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jone, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joshua, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josiah, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joyce, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judith, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judith, the poet's daughter, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_81'>81</a>, <a href='#Page_82'>82</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julian, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lawrence, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leonard, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leslie, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lettyce, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lionel Fairfax, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucy, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Luke, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Manasses, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, the poet's sister, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, wife of Henry, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margeria (1464), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margery (1458), <a href='#Page_9'>9</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margery, Mrs., <a href='#Page_121'>121</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marianne, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_149'>149</a>, <a href='#Page_150'>150</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, the poet's mother, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_25'>25</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>, <a href='#Page_161'>161</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">heir and executor to her father Robert, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">probable date of marriage, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">she died, but no memorial left, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew, John, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_137'>137</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Mrs. O., <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nathaniel, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Owen, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter (1483), <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter (1596), <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Radulphus, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reginald, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rebecca, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rebekah, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard (1457), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, of Rowington, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, of Snitterfield, probably poet's grandfather, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, the bailiff, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, the poet's brother, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_110'>110</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richmond, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richmond Campbell, Sir, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, of Pontefract (1381), <a href='#Page_6'>6</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robina, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, the monk, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, the Yeoman of the King's Chamber, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sara, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Selina, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Simon, of Gloucestershire (1260), <a href='#Page_4'>4</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sophia, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susanna, the poet's daughter, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a>, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">her epitaph, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susannah, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas (1359), of Coventry, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas (1375), of Youghal, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas (1476), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas (1486), <a href='#Page_7'>7</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas (1511), <a href='#Page_11'>11</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a>, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, of Ireland, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, of Lutterworth, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, of Oxford, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, of Snitterfield, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, of Staple Inn, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, Royal Messenger, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_144'>144</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, Sir, the Priest, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ursula, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter (1379), <a href='#Page_6'>6</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Widow, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a>, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a>, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a>, <a href='#Page_152'>152</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_158'>158</a>, <a href='#Page_228'>228</a>, <a href='#Page_229'>229</a>, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William (1398), of Cumberland, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William (1413), of London, <a href='#Page_9'>9</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Makepeace, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Oliver, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, the money-lender and malt agent, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, the poet, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_34'>34</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a>, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_83'>83</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a>, <a href='#Page_85'>85</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_89'>89</a>, <a href='#Page_90'>90</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_97'>97</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a>, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_148'>148</a>, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_217'>217</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a>, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">he used the coat of arms, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">consented to sale of Asbies, <a href='#Page_46'>46</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">marriage, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">birth of children, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">became head of family, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">his betrothal, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">marriage license, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">friends in London, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">sonnets and poems to same patron, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">played before the Queen, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">death of his only son, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Quiney's letter to Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Shakespeare in Scotland, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">death of his mother, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">his will, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 2em;">his epitaph, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">William, his poems, <a href='#Page_86'>86</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">William Powlett, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">William Ross, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">William of Westminster, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Winifred, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Wyndham, Rev. Arthur, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare, the arms of, <a href='#Page_17'>17</a>, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a>, <a href='#Page_23'>23</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_112'>112</a>, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a>, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Impalement of Ardens with, <a href='#Page_24'>24</a>, <a href='#Page_33'>33</a>, <a href='#Page_175'>175</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare's ancestry, <a href='#Page_6'>6</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare's descendants, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a>, <a href='#Page_108'>108</a><br /> +<br /> +"Shakespeareana Genealogica." See G.R. French.<br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare Inn, Gloucester, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a><br /> +<br /> +"Shakespeare Jahrbuch," Berlin, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare Library in Warwick Castle, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_120'>120</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare's Name, The Earliest Official Record of, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare signatures, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeares, the, of Alcester, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ascote, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Baddesley Clinton, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Balsall, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beausal, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bedfordshire, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Berkshire, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Berkswell, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Budbrook, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cumberland, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Derbyshire, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dursley, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Essex, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fillongley, <a href='#Page_111'>111</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gloucestershire, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grafton, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hampshire, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Haseley, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hatton, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hertford, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kenilworth, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kingswood, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Knowle, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lapworth, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leicestershire, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">London, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_142'>142</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Meriden, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Northampton, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Norton Lindsey, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nottingham, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oxford, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a>, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a>, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Packwood, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_11'>11</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rowington, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Snitterfield, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">South Stoke, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Staffordshire, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Surrey, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a>, <a href='#Page_136'>136</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tachbrook, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Warwick, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Worcestershire, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_132'>132</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wroxall, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeares, The, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +"Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries," <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare, The name of, <a href='#Page_1'>1</a>, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a>, <a href='#Page_3'>3</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare <i>v.</i> Lambert, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_48'>48</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeye, Simon, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakesphere, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakespurr, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Shakspere, William (1413), <a href='#Page_9'>9</a><br /> +<br /> +Shallett, Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a><br /> +<br /> +Shallow, Justice, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a><br /> +<br /> +Shankes' Petition, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a><br /> +<br /> +Shaw's "Staffordshire," <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a>, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<br /> +Shaxsby, John, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Shawe, Ralphe, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a><br /> +<br /> +Sheldon, Mrs., <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<br /> +Shenton, Geoff. de, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nichola, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sheppard's, Samuel, "Epigrams," <a href='#Page_85'>85</a><br /> +<br /> +Shillingworth, Mr. Ralph, <a href='#Page_134'>134</a><br /> +<br /> +Shirley, Henry, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a><br /> +<br /> +Shottery, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a><br /> +<br /> +Shotteswell, Catharine, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Shrawley, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +Shugborough, Simon, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a><br /> +<br /> +Shuter, Richard, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a><br /> +<br /> +Siche, Thomas, of Arscote, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a><br /> +<br /> +Sidney, Sir Robert, <a href='#Page_22'>22</a><br /> +<br /> +Sigisbert, <a href='#Page_1'>1</a><br /> +<br /> +Siward, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a><br /> +<br /> +Skinner, William, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a><br /> +<br /> +Skreene, Alice, <a href='#Page_206'>206</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_203'>203</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_204'>204</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Slender, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a><br /> +<br /> +Sly, John, <a href='#Page_227'>227</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_73'>73</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Smith, Mrs. Alice, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Margaret, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_18'>18</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_105'>105</a>, <a href='#Page_109'>109</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Snitterfield, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a>, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Solar, William, <a href='#Page_4'>4</a><br /> +<br /> +Somerville, John, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a>, <a href='#Page_180'>180</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_179'>179</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter de, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sonnets, The date of, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a><br /> +<br /> +Southampton, Mary, Countess of, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a>, <a href='#Page_221'>221</a><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, Earl of, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a>, <a href='#Page_71'>71</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_147'>147</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Spateman, Anne, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rev. John, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a>, <a href='#Page_232'>232</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_238'>238</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Spencer, Thomas, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Spenser, Edmund, <a href='#Page_2'>2</a><br /> +<br /> +Spondon, Robert le, <a href='#Page_5'>5</a><br /> +<br /> +Stafford, Sir Richard, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Stanhope, Mrs. Henrietta Maria, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John de, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir William, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas de, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Starke, Grace, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a><br /> +<br /> +Stanley, Catherine, of Hooten, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a><br /> +<br /> +Statfold, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a><br /> +<br /> +Stevenson's "Nottingham," <a href='#Page_5'>5</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a><br /> +<br /> +Stiffe, Barbara, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Stillard, Bridget, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_218'>218</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Stokeport, Joane, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Richard, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Stokes, Ralph, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a><br /> +<br /> +Storeton, Grace, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Stotesby, Agnes, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<br /> +Stratford-on-Avon, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_92'>92</a>, <a href='#Page_101'>101</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">its records, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a>, <a href='#Page_53'>53</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_69'>69</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_116'>116</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">its church, <a href='#Page_60'>60</a>, <a href='#Page_84'>84</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">its Grammar School, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the master of, <a href='#Page_61'>61</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Stratton, Thomas, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a><br /> +<br /> +Stringer, Agnes, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_62'>62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Arden, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellice, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_50'>50</a>, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sturley, Abraham, <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Suffolk Visitation, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Sulgrave, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Surrey Visitation, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Sutton, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, or Dudley, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Edward, Lord Dudley, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Swaldyve, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Swanston, Benfield and Pollard <i>v.</i> Burbage, <a href='#Page_70'>70</a><br /> +<br /> +Swillington, Richard, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<br /> +Swynford, Sir John, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Tachbrook, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<br /> +Talbot, Sir Edmund, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Talbots, The, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +Tardebigg, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a><br /> +<br /> +Taylor, Alice, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Will, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Tayloure, Rev. John, Vicar of St. Brigyde, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Teery, Balsall, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Temple, Grafton, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a><br /> +<br /> +Tetherton, William, <a href='#Page_121'>121</a><br /> +<br /> +Thackeray, Emily, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Makepeace, <a href='#Page_154'>154</a>, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Thickness, Edward, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a><br /> +<br /> +Thomas, Dr. W., <a href='#Page_11'>11</a><br /> +<br /> +Thompson, Marian Sophia, <a href='#Page_155'>155</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Thornbury, Dr., Bishop of Worcester, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<br /> +Thorne, Nicholas, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Thrale, George, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<br /> +Throckmorton, Clement, <a href='#Page_35'>35</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, Sir, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Job, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, Sir, <a href='#Page_64'>64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, Sir, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, Sir, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Thurley, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a><br /> +<br /> +Timbs, John, "Curiosities of London," <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Timporley, <a href='#Page_201'>201</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<br /> +"Titus Andronicus," <a href='#Page_68'>68</a><br /> +<br /> +Toupe, Jane, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +Townsend, Henry, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a><br /> +<br /> +Tracy, Sir Paul, <a href='#Page_94'>94</a><br /> +<br /> +Traffords, The, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a><br /> +<br /> +Trapp, Mr. John, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<br /> +Trussell, Alured, of Billesley, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dorothy, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_28'>28</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Warine, Sir, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, Sir, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Tucker, Mr. Stephen, Somerset Herald, <a href='#Page_20'>20</a><br /> +<br /> +Turchil, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_190'>190</a>, <a href='#Page_191'>191</a><br /> +<br /> +Turner, George, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a><br /> +<br /> +Twycroft, The, Rowington, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a><br /> +<br /> +Twycross, John, <a href='#Page_127'>127</a><br /> +<br /> +Tybotes, John, <a href='#Page_125'>125</a><br /> +<br /> +Tyler, Richard, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Underhill, Fulke, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hercules, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_67'>67</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Underhills, The, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a><br /> +<br /> +Upton, Cheshire, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<br /> +Upton, Warwickshire, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<br /> +Uva, or Huva, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a>, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Vale, John, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Raufe, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Valor Ecclesiasticus," <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a><br /> +<br /> +Vassal, Asser, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span>Vautrollier, Thomas, printer of London, <a href='#Page_65'>65</a><br /> +<br /> +Veley, Charles Augustus, Archdeacon of Essex, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Venables, Hugh de, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alice, <a href='#Page_198'>198</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"Venus and Adonis," <a href='#Page_65'>65</a>, <a href='#Page_66'>66</a>, <a href='#Page_222'>222</a><br /> +<br /> +Verney, Sir Greville, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a><br /> +<br /> +Vernon, Margaret, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ralph de, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Verstegan's "Restitution of Decayed Intelligence," <a href='#Page_1'>1</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Wadley, Rev. J.P., <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<br /> +Waferer, Francis, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Wagstaff, John, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a><br /> +<br /> +Waight, Mary, <a href='#Page_151'>151</a><br /> +<br /> +Wake, Nicholas, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wale, Edward, <a href='#Page_182'>182</a><br /> +<br /> +Wales, Prince of, as Earl of Chester, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<br /> +Walker, Barbara, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sir Edward, <a href='#Page_107'>107</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_76'>76</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wall, William, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<br /> +Walpole, H., <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hon. Thomas, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Walton-on-Thames, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a>, <a href='#Page_159'>159</a><br /> +<br /> +Wapenham, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a>, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a><br /> +<br /> +Ward, Simon, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a><br /> +<br /> +Wardrobe, The tenement in, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a>, <a href='#Page_102'>102</a><br /> +<br /> +Warehorne, Kent, <a href='#Page_141'>141</a><br /> +<br /> +Warenne, Sir Edward, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Warwick, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_119'>119</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Castle, <a href='#Page_117'>117</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Warwickshire, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_87'>87</a>, <a href='#Page_99'>99</a>, <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_123'>123</a>, <a href='#Page_131'>131</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_178'>178</a>, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Countess of, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Earls of, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a>, <a href='#Page_72'>72</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a>, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a>, <a href='#Page_163'>163</a>, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a>, <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gentlemen of, <a href='#Page_19'>19</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_95'>95</a>, <a href='#Page_130'>130</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Washington, George, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laurence, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_195'>195</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wasteneys, Ellen, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a><br /> +<br /> +Waterfield, Emma, <a href='#Page_156'>156</a><br /> +<br /> +Watford, William of, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<br /> +Watford, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a>, <a href='#Page_197'>197</a><br /> +<br /> +Watts, Richard, <a href='#Page_104'>104</a><br /> +<br /> +Waulkner, Mary, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Weale, John, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a><br /> +<br /> +Webbe, Alexander, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Agnes (Mrs. Arden), <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href='#Page_39'>39</a>, <a href='#Page_41'>41</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_43'>43</a>, <a href='#Page_44'>44</a>, <a href='#Page_45'>45</a>, <a href='#Page_47'>47</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a>, <a href='#Page_56'>56</a>, <a href='#Page_114'>114</a>, <a href='#Page_223'>223</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Webberley, Edmund, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a><br /> +<br /> +Wedgewood, Mary, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Weever family, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<br /> +Wegeat, or Wigatus, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Welcombe, <a href='#Page_78'>78</a>, <a href='#Page_80'>80</a><br /> +<br /> +Welles, Thomas, <a href='#Page_106'>106</a><br /> +<br /> +Wennington, <a href='#Page_216'>216</a><br /> +<br /> +Wery, Gregory, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<br /> +West, Edward, <a href='#Page_51'>51</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href='#Page_237'>237</a></span><br /> +<br /> +West's "Symboleography Concords," <a href='#Page_42'>42</a><br /> +<br /> +Westmoreland, Earl of, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a>, <a href='#Page_177'>177</a><br /> +<br /> +Whalley's "Northampton," <a href='#Page_168'>168</a>, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a>, <a href='#Page_196'>196</a><br /> +<br /> +Whateley, Anne, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a><br /> +<br /> +Wheeler, John, <a href='#Page_57'>57</a>, <a href='#Page_58'>58</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_58'>58</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. R. B., <a href='#Page_118'>118</a>, <a href='#Page_226'>226</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Whitelock, James, <a href='#Page_133'>133</a><br /> +<br /> +Whitmore, William, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a><br /> +<br /> +Whitrefe, Joan, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a><br /> +<br /> +Whittington, Thomas, <a href='#Page_88'>88</a><br /> +<br /> +Whitefriars Theatre at the time of Shakespeare, <a href='#Page_224'>224</a><br /> +<br /> +Wigatus, or Wegeat, <a href='#Page_164'>164</a><br /> +<br /> +Wigod, or Wigotus, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<br /> +William the Conqueror, <a href='#Page_165'>165</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">the Lion, <a href='#Page_192'>192</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rufus, <a href='#Page_166'>166</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Williams, Agnes, <a href='#Page_140'>140</a><br /> +<br /> +Willis, Edward, <a href='#Page_54'>54</a>, <a href='#Page_59'>59</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilmecote, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_36'>36</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_42'>42</a>, <a href='#Page_49'>49</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilmer, Robert, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_231'>231</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wilmot, Leonard, <a href='#Page_135'>135</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilson, Anne, <a href='#Page_139'>139</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harry, <a href='#Page_138'>138</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rev. Thomas, <a href='#Page_96'>96</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wilson's, Robert, "Cobbler's Prophecy," <a href='#Page_18'>18</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilton, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a>, <a href='#Page_75'>75</a><br /> +<br /> +Wilton, Samuel, <a href='#Page_153'>153</a><br /> +<br /> +Wiltshire, James, Earl of, <a href='#Page_170'>170</a><br /> +<br /> +Winch, William, <a href='#Page_143'>143</a><br /> +<br /> +Winchester, <a href='#Page_74'>74</a><br /> +<br /> +Windebanck, Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a><br /> +<br /> +Winworth, <a href='#Page_167'>167</a>, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a><br /> +<br /> +Wolferstan, Samuel Pipe, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a><br /> +<br /> +"Women, History of," <a href='#Page_85'>85</a><br /> +<br /> +Wood, William, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_29'>29</a>, <a href='#Page_30'>30</a>, <a href='#Page_173'>173</a><br /> +<br /> +Woodcock, William, <a href='#Page_157'>157</a><br /> +<br /> +Woodham, Agnes, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_126'>126</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wood's "Athenæ Oxonienses," <a href='#Page_15'>15</a><br /> +<br /> +Woodward, Isabel, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href='#Page_96'>96</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wooten Wawen, <a href='#Page_189'>189</a><br /> +<br /> +Worcester, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bishop of, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Earl of, <a href='#Page_174'>174</a></span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">his Court, <a href='#Page_77'>77</a>, <a href='#Page_79'>79</a>, <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Worcester, his register, <a href='#Page_63'>63</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">MS., <a href='#Page_122'>122</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wills, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_37'>37</a>, <a href='#Page_38'>38</a>, <a href='#Page_52'>52</a>, <a href='#Page_93'>93</a>, <a href='#Page_128'>128</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Worcestershire, <a href='#Page_40'>40</a>, <a href='#Page_100'>100</a>, <a href='#Page_181'>181</a><br /> +<br /> +Wren, Christopher, <a href='#Page_145'>145</a><br /> +<br /> +Wright, Sir Christopher, <a href='#Page_205'>205</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_219'>219</a>, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rev. Walter, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href='#Page_146'>146</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wrottesley, Sir Hugh, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a>, <a href='#Page_200'>200</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isabel, <a href='#Page_199'>199</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wroxall, <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_8'>8</a>, <a href='#Page_10'>10</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_13'>13</a>, <a href='#Page_14'>14</a>, <a href='#Page_21'>21</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_115'>115</a>, <a href='#Page_124'>124</a>, <a href='#Page_137'>137</a><br /> +<br /> +Wyckeham, Robert de, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a>, <a href='#Page_233'>233</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href='#Page_169'>169</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wylemyn, Nicholas, of Shrewley, <a href='#Page_230'>230</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Yate, or Yates, Anthony, <a href='#Page_209'>209</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor, <a href='#Page_210'>210</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href='#Page_212'>212</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href='#Page_211'>211</a>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Simon, <a href='#Page_207'>207</a>, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href='#Page_208'>208</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Yates, Luke, <a href='#Page_236'>236</a><br /> +<br /> +Yeatman's, Mr. "Gentle Shakespeare," <a href='#Page_7'>7</a>, <a href='#Page_12'>12</a>, <a href='#Page_15'>15</a>, <a href='#Page_113'>113</a>, <a href='#Page_129'>129</a><br /> +<br /> +<i>Yorkshire Archæological Journal</i>, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Visitation, <a href='#Page_234'>234</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Yoxall, <a href='#Page_27'>27</a>, <a href='#Page_31'>31</a>, <a href='#Page_32'>32</a>, <a href='#Page_172'>172</a>, <a href='#Page_176'>176</a>, <a href='#Page_183'>183</a>, <a href='#Page_184'>184</a>, <a href='#Page_185'>185</a>, <a href='#Page_186'>186</a>, <a href='#Page_187'>187</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Zouch, Lord, <a href='#Page_160'>160</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William de la, <a href='#Page_194'>194</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Zupitza, <a href='#Page_162'>162</a><br /> +</p> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 181px;"> +<img src="images/imagepub2.jpg" width="181" height="250" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p><i>Elliot Stock, Paternoster Row, London</i></p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Shakespeare's Family, by Mrs. C. 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