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diff --git a/2613-h/2613-h.htm b/2613-h/2613-h.htm index 7f14f21..becf3d2 100644 --- a/2613-h/2613-h.htm +++ b/2613-h/2613-h.htm @@ -1,18 +1,10 @@ -<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> - -<!DOCTYPE html - PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > - -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> <head> - <title> - The History of England from the Accession Of James II., Volume 4 by Thomas - Babington Macaulay. - </title> - <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> - - body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <title>The History of England from the Accession Of James II., Volume 4/5 | Project Gutenberg</title> + <style> + body { margin:5%; text-align:justify} P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} @@ -29,56 +21,21 @@ margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; text-align: right;} pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} - -</style> + </style> </head> <body> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of England from the Accession -of James II., by Thomas Babington Macaulay - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The History of England from the Accession of James II. - Volume 4 (of 5) - -Author: Thomas Babington Macaulay - -Release Date: June 23, 2008 [EBook #2613] -Last Updated: January 8, 2013 - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ENGLAND *** - - - - -Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger - - - - - -</pre> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 2613 ***</div> <p> - <br /><br /> + <br ><br > </p> <h1> - THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND<br /> FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES II, + THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND<br > FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES II, </h1> <h3> VOLUME 4 (of 5) </h3> <p> - <br /> + <br > </p> <h4> (Chapters XVIII-XXII) @@ -87,22 +44,22 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by Thomas Babington Macaulay. </h2> <p> - <br /> + <br > </p> <h4> - Philadelphia <br /> Porter & Coates + Philadelphia <br > Porter & Coates </h4> <p> - <br /> <br /> + <br > <br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <br /> <br /> + <br > <br > </p> <h2> Contents </h2> - <table summary="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto"> + <table style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto"> <tr> <td> <p class="toc"> @@ -127,219 +84,219 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </tr> </table> <p> - <br /> <br /> + <br > <br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <br /> <br /> + <br > <br > </p> <h2> DETAILED CONTENTS </h2> - <table summary="" style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto"> + <table style="margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto"> <tr> <td> <h2> <a href="#link2HCH0001">CHAPTER XVII</a> </h2> - William's Voyage to Holland<br /> William's Entrance into the Hague<br /> - Congress at the Hague<br /> William his own Minister for Foreign - Affairs<br /> William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices - inherent in the Nature<br /> of - Coalitions<br /> Siege and Fall of Mons<br /> William returns to - England; Trials of Preston and Ashton<br /> Execution of Ashton<br /> - Preston's Irresolution and Confessions<br /> Lenity shown to the - Conspirators<br /> Dartmouth<br /> Turner; Penn<br /> Death of George - Fox; his Character<br /> Interview between Penn and Sidney<br /> Preston - pardoned<br /> Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons<br /> The vacant - Sees filled<br /> Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury<br /> Conduct of - Sancroft<br /> Difference between Sancroft and Ken<br /> Hatred of - Sancroft to the Established Church; he provides for the episcopal<br /> - Succession among the Nonjurors<br /> The - new Bishops<br /> Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's<br /> Treachery of some - of William's Servants<br /> Russell<br /> Godolphin<br /> Marlborough<br /> - William returns to the Continent<br /> The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders<br /> - The War in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland<br /> State of - the Part of Ireland which was subject to James<br /> Dissensions among - the Irish at Limerick<br /> Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland<br /> Arrival - of a French Fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth<br /> The English take the - Field<br /> Fall of Ballymore; Siege and Fall of Athlone<br /> Retreat - of the Irish Army<br /> Saint Ruth determines to fight<br /> Battle of - Aghrim<br /> Fall of Galway<br /> Death of Tyrconnel<br /> Second Siege - of Limerick<br /> The Irish desirous to capitulate<br /> Negotiations - between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers<br /> The Capitulation of - Limerick<br /> The Irish Troops required to make their Election between - their Country and France<br /> Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for - France<br /> Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert<br /> - The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for France<br /> - State of Ireland after the War<br /> + William's Voyage to Holland<br > William's Entrance into the Hague<br > + Congress at the Hague<br > William his own Minister for Foreign + Affairs<br > William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices + inherent in the Nature<br > of + Coalitions<br > Siege and Fall of Mons<br > William returns to + England; Trials of Preston and Ashton<br > Execution of Ashton<br > + Preston's Irresolution and Confessions<br > Lenity shown to the + Conspirators<br > Dartmouth<br > Turner; Penn<br > Death of George + Fox; his Character<br > Interview between Penn and Sidney<br > Preston + pardoned<br > Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons<br > The vacant + Sees filled<br > Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury<br > Conduct of + Sancroft<br > Difference between Sancroft and Ken<br > Hatred of + Sancroft to the Established Church; he provides for the episcopal<br > + Succession among the Nonjurors<br > The + new Bishops<br > Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's<br > Treachery of some + of William's Servants<br > Russell<br > Godolphin<br > Marlborough<br > + William returns to the Continent<br > The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders<br > + The War in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland<br > State of + the Part of Ireland which was subject to James<br > Dissensions among + the Irish at Limerick<br > Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland<br > Arrival + of a French Fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth<br > The English take the + Field<br > Fall of Ballymore; Siege and Fall of Athlone<br > Retreat + of the Irish Army<br > Saint Ruth determines to fight<br > Battle of + Aghrim<br > Fall of Galway<br > Death of Tyrconnel<br > Second Siege + of Limerick<br > The Irish desirous to capitulate<br > Negotiations + between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers<br > The Capitulation of + Limerick<br > The Irish Troops required to make their Election between + their Country and France<br > Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for + France<br > Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert<br > + The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for France<br > + State of Ireland after the War<br > <h2> <a href="#link2HCH0002">CHAPTER XVIII</a> </h2> - Opening of the Parliament<br /> Debates on the Salaries and Fees of - Official Men<br /> Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland<br /> - Debates on the East India Trade<br /> Debates on the Bill for - regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason<br /> Plot formed by - Marlborough against the Government of William<br /> Marlborough's Plot - disclosed by the Jacobites<br /> Disgrace of Marlborough; Various - Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace.<br /> Rupture - between Mary and Anne<br /> Fuller's Plot<br /> Close of the Session; - Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected<br /> - Misterial Changes in England<br /> Ministerial Changes in Scotland<br /> - State of the Highlands<br /> Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the - Rebel Clans<br /> Glencoe<br /> William goes to the Continent; Death of - Louvois<br /> The French Government determines to send an Expedition - against England<br /> James believes that the English Fleet is friendly - to him<br /> Conduct of Russell<br /> A Daughter born to James<br /> - Preparations made in England to repel Invasion<br /> James goes down to - his Army at La Hogue<br /> James's Declaration<br /> Effect produced by - James's Declaration<br /> The English and Dutch Fleets join; Temper of - the English Fleet<br /> Battle of La Hogue<br /> Rejoicings in England<br /> - Young's Plot<br /> + Opening of the Parliament<br > Debates on the Salaries and Fees of + Official Men<br > Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland<br > + Debates on the East India Trade<br > Debates on the Bill for + regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason<br > Plot formed by + Marlborough against the Government of William<br > Marlborough's Plot + disclosed by the Jacobites<br > Disgrace of Marlborough; Various + Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace.<br > Rupture + between Mary and Anne<br > Fuller's Plot<br > Close of the Session; + Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected<br > + Misterial Changes in England<br > Ministerial Changes in Scotland<br > + State of the Highlands<br > Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the + Rebel Clans<br > Glencoe<br > William goes to the Continent; Death of + Louvois<br > The French Government determines to send an Expedition + against England<br > James believes that the English Fleet is friendly + to him<br > Conduct of Russell<br > A Daughter born to James<br > + Preparations made in England to repel Invasion<br > James goes down to + his Army at La Hogue<br > James's Declaration<br > Effect produced by + James's Declaration<br > The English and Dutch Fleets join; Temper of + the English Fleet<br > Battle of La Hogue<br > Rejoicings in England<br > + Young's Plot<br > <h2> <a href="#link2HCH0003">CHAPTER XIX</a> </h2> - Foreign Policy of William<br /> The Northern Powers<br /> The Pope<br /> - Conduct of the Allies<br /> The Emperor<br /> Spain<br /> William - succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition<br /> New - Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands<br /> Lewis - takes the Field<br /> Siege of Namur<br /> Lewis returns to Versailles<br /> - Luxemburg<br /> Battle of Steinkirk<br /> Conspiracy of Grandval<br /> - Return of William to England<br /> Naval Maladministration<br /> - Earthquake at Port Royal<br /> Distress in England; Increase of Crime<br /> - Meeting of Parliament; State of Parties<br /> The King's Speech; - Question of Privilege raised by the Lords<br /> Debates on the State of - the Nation<br /> Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason<br /> - Case of Lord Mohun<br /> Debates on the India Trade<br /> Supply<br /> - Ways and Means; Land Tax<br /> Origin of the National Debt<br /> - Parliamentary Reform<br /> The Place Bill<br /> The Triennial Bill<br /> - The First Parliamentary Discussion on the Liberty of the Press<br /> - State of Ireland<br /> The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill<br /> - Ministerial Arrangements<br /> The King goes to Holland; a Session of - Parliament in Scotland<br /> + Foreign Policy of William<br > The Northern Powers<br > The Pope<br > + Conduct of the Allies<br > The Emperor<br > Spain<br > William + succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition<br > New + Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands<br > Lewis + takes the Field<br > Siege of Namur<br > Lewis returns to Versailles<br > + Luxemburg<br > Battle of Steinkirk<br > Conspiracy of Grandval<br > + Return of William to England<br > Naval Maladministration<br > + Earthquake at Port Royal<br > Distress in England; Increase of Crime<br > + Meeting of Parliament; State of Parties<br > The King's Speech; + Question of Privilege raised by the Lords<br > Debates on the State of + the Nation<br > Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason<br > + Case of Lord Mohun<br > Debates on the India Trade<br > Supply<br > + Ways and Means; Land Tax<br > Origin of the National Debt<br > + Parliamentary Reform<br > The Place Bill<br > The Triennial Bill<br > + The First Parliamentary Discussion on the Liberty of the Press<br > + State of Ireland<br > The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill<br > + Ministerial Arrangements<br > The King goes to Holland; a Session of + Parliament in Scotland<br > <h2> <a href="#link2HCH0004">CHAPTER XX</a> </h2> - State of the Court of Saint Germains<br /> Feeling of the Jacobites; - Compounders and Noncompounders<br /> Change of Ministry at Saint - Germains; Middleton<br /> New Declaration put forth by James<br /> - Effect of the new Declaration<br /> French Preparations for the - Campaign; Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis<br /> Middleton's - Account of Versailles<br /> William's Preparations for the Campaign<br /> - Lewis takes the Field<br /> Lewis returns to Versailles<br /> Manoeuvres - of Luxemburg<br /> Battle of Landen<br /> Miscarriage of the Smyrna - Fleet<br /> Excitement in London<br /> Jacobite Libels; William Anderton<br /> - Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites<br /> Conduct of Caermarthen<br /> - Now Charter granted to the East India Company<br /> Return of William - to England; Military Successes of France<br /> Distress of France<br /> - A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government<br /> The First - Ministry gradually formed<br /> Sunderland<br /> Sunderland advises the - King to give the Preference to the Whigs<br /> Reasons for preferring - the Whigs<br /> Chiefs of the Whig Party; Russell<br /> Somers<br /> - Montague<br /> Wharton<br /> Chiefs of the Tory Party; Harley<br /> Foley<br /> - Howe<br /> Meeting of Parliament<br /> Debates about the Naval - Miscarriages<br /> Russell First Lord of the Admiralty; Retirement of - Nottingham<br /> Shrewsbury refuses Office<br /> Debates about the Trade - with India<br /> Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason<br /> - Triennial Bill<br /> Place Bill<br /> Bill for the Naturalisation of - Foreign Protestants<br /> Supply<br /> Ways and Means; Lottery Loan<br /> - The Bank of England<br /> Prorogation of Parliament; Ministerial - Arrangements; Shrewsbury Secretary of State<br /> New Titles bestowed<br /> - French Plan of War; English Plan of War<br /> Expedition against Brest<br /> - Naval Operations in the Mediterranean<br /> War by Land<br /> Complaints - of Trenchard's Administration<br /> The Lancashire Prosecutions<br /> - Meeting of the Parliament; Death of Tillotson<br /> Tenison Archbishop - of Canterbury; Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions<br /> Place Bill<br /> + State of the Court of Saint Germains<br > Feeling of the Jacobites; + Compounders and Noncompounders<br > Change of Ministry at Saint + Germains; Middleton<br > New Declaration put forth by James<br > + Effect of the new Declaration<br > French Preparations for the + Campaign; Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis<br > Middleton's + Account of Versailles<br > William's Preparations for the Campaign<br > + Lewis takes the Field<br > Lewis returns to Versailles<br > Manoeuvres + of Luxemburg<br > Battle of Landen<br > Miscarriage of the Smyrna + Fleet<br > Excitement in London<br > Jacobite Libels; William Anderton<br > + Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites<br > Conduct of Caermarthen<br > + Now Charter granted to the East India Company<br > Return of William + to England; Military Successes of France<br > Distress of France<br > + A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government<br > The First + Ministry gradually formed<br > Sunderland<br > Sunderland advises the + King to give the Preference to the Whigs<br > Reasons for preferring + the Whigs<br > Chiefs of the Whig Party; Russell<br > Somers<br > + Montague<br > Wharton<br > Chiefs of the Tory Party; Harley<br > Foley<br > + Howe<br > Meeting of Parliament<br > Debates about the Naval + Miscarriages<br > Russell First Lord of the Admiralty; Retirement of + Nottingham<br > Shrewsbury refuses Office<br > Debates about the Trade + with India<br > Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason<br > + Triennial Bill<br > Place Bill<br > Bill for the Naturalisation of + Foreign Protestants<br > Supply<br > Ways and Means; Lottery Loan<br > + The Bank of England<br > Prorogation of Parliament; Ministerial + Arrangements; Shrewsbury Secretary of State<br > New Titles bestowed<br > + French Plan of War; English Plan of War<br > Expedition against Brest<br > + Naval Operations in the Mediterranean<br > War by Land<br > Complaints + of Trenchard's Administration<br > The Lancashire Prosecutions<br > + Meeting of the Parliament; Death of Tillotson<br > Tenison Archbishop + of Canterbury; Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions<br > Place Bill<br > Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason; the Triennial - Bill passed<br /> Death of Mary<br /> Funeral of Mary<br /> Greenwich - Hospital founded<br /> + Bill passed<br > Death of Mary<br > Funeral of Mary<br > Greenwich + Hospital founded<br > <h2> <a href="#link2HCH0005">CHAPTER XXI</a> </h2> - Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent<br /> Death of Luxemburg<br /> - Distress of William<br /> Parliamentary Proceedings; Emancipation of - the Press<br /> Death of Halifax<br /> Parliamentary Inquiries into the - Corruption of the Public Offices<br /> Vote of Censure on the Speaker<br /> + Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent<br > Death of Luxemburg<br > + Distress of William<br > Parliamentary Proceedings; Emancipation of + the Press<br > Death of Halifax<br > Parliamentary Inquiries into the + Corruption of the Public Offices<br > Vote of Censure on the Speaker<br > Foley elected Speaker; Inquiry into the Accounts of the East India - Company<br /> Suspicious Dealings of Seymour<br /> Bill against Sir - Thomas Cook<br /> Inquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons<br /> - Impeachment of Leeds<br /> Disgrace of Leeds<br /> Lords Justices - appointed; Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne<br /> - Jacobite Plots against William's Person<br /> Charnock; Porter<br /> - Goodman; Parkyns<br /> Fenwick<br /> Session of the Scottish Parliament; - Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe<br /> War in the Netherlands; - Marshal Villeroy<br /> The Duke of Maine<br /> Jacobite Plots against - the Government during William's Absence<br /> Siege of Namur<br /> - Surrender of the Town of Namur<br /> Surrender of the Castle of Namur<br /> - Arrest of Boufflers<br /> Effect of the Emancipation of the English - Press<br /> Return of William to England; Dissolution of the Parliament<br /> - William makes a Progress through the Country<br /> The Elections<br /> - Alarming State of the Currency<br /> Meeting of the Parliament; Loyalty - of the House of Commons<br /> Controversy touching the Currency<br /> - Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency<br /> Passing of the - Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason<br /> Parliamentary - Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland<br /> - Two Jacobite Plots formed<br /> Berwick's Plot; the Assassination Plot; - Sir George Barclay<br /> Failure of Berwick's Plot<br /> Detection of - the Assassination Plot<br /> Parliamentary Proceedings touching the - Assassination Plot<br /> State of Public Feeling<br /> Trial of - Charnock, King and Keyes<br /> Execution of Charnock, King and Keyes<br /> - Trial of Friend<br /> Trial of Parkyns<br /> Execution of Friend and - Parkyns<br /> Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne and Lowick<br /> The - Association<br /> Bill for the Regulation of Elections<br /> Act - establishing a Land Bank<br /> + Company<br > Suspicious Dealings of Seymour<br > Bill against Sir + Thomas Cook<br > Inquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons<br > + Impeachment of Leeds<br > Disgrace of Leeds<br > Lords Justices + appointed; Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne<br > + Jacobite Plots against William's Person<br > Charnock; Porter<br > + Goodman; Parkyns<br > Fenwick<br > Session of the Scottish Parliament; + Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe<br > War in the Netherlands; + Marshal Villeroy<br > The Duke of Maine<br > Jacobite Plots against + the Government during William's Absence<br > Siege of Namur<br > + Surrender of the Town of Namur<br > Surrender of the Castle of Namur<br > + Arrest of Boufflers<br > Effect of the Emancipation of the English + Press<br > Return of William to England; Dissolution of the Parliament<br > + William makes a Progress through the Country<br > The Elections<br > + Alarming State of the Currency<br > Meeting of the Parliament; Loyalty + of the House of Commons<br > Controversy touching the Currency<br > + Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency<br > Passing of the + Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason<br > Parliamentary + Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland<br > + Two Jacobite Plots formed<br > Berwick's Plot; the Assassination Plot; + Sir George Barclay<br > Failure of Berwick's Plot<br > Detection of + the Assassination Plot<br > Parliamentary Proceedings touching the + Assassination Plot<br > State of Public Feeling<br > Trial of + Charnock, King and Keyes<br > Execution of Charnock, King and Keyes<br > + Trial of Friend<br > Trial of Parkyns<br > Execution of Friend and + Parkyns<br > Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne and Lowick<br > The + Association<br > Bill for the Regulation of Elections<br > Act + establishing a Land Bank<br > <h2> <a href="#link2HCH0006">CHAPTER XXII</a> </h2> - Military Operations in the Netherlands<br /> Commercial Crisis in - England<br /> Financial Crisis<br /> Efforts to restore the Currency<br /> - Distress of the People; their Temper and Conduct<br /> Negotiations - with France; the Duke of Savoy deserts the Coalition<br /> Search for - Jacobite Conspirators in England; Sir John Fenwick<br /> Capture of - Fenwick<br /> Fenwick's Confession<br /> Return of William to England<br /> + Military Operations in the Netherlands<br > Commercial Crisis in + England<br > Financial Crisis<br > Efforts to restore the Currency<br > + Distress of the People; their Temper and Conduct<br > Negotiations + with France; the Duke of Savoy deserts the Coalition<br > Search for + Jacobite Conspirators in England; Sir John Fenwick<br > Capture of + Fenwick<br > Fenwick's Confession<br > Return of William to England<br > Meeting of Parliament; State of the Country; Speech of William at the - <br /> Commencement of the Session<br /> - Resolutions of the House of Commons<br /> Return of Prosperity<br /> + <br > Commencement of the Session<br > + Resolutions of the House of Commons<br > Return of Prosperity<br > Effect of the Proceedings of the House of Commons on Foreign - Governments<br /> Restoration of the Finances<br /> Effects of Fenwick's - Confession<br /> Resignation of Godolphin<br /> Feeling of the Whigs - about Fenwick<br /> William examines Fenwick<br /> Disappearance of - Goodman<br /> Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession<br /> - Bill for attainting Fenwick<br /> Debates of the Commons on the Bill of - Attainder<br /> The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords<br /> - Artifices of Monmouth<br /> Debates of the Lords on the Bill of - Attainder<br /> Proceedings against Monmouth<br /> Position and Feelings - of Shrewsbury<br /> The Bill of Attainder passed; Attempts to save - Fenwick<br /> Fenwick's Execution; Bill for the Regulating of Elections<br /> - Bill for the Regulation of the Press<br /> Bill abolishing the - Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy<br /> Close of the Session; - Promotions and Appointments<br /> State of Ireland<br /> State of - Scotland<br /> A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Act for the - Settling of Schools<br /> Case of Thomas Aikenhead<br /> Military - Operations in the Netherlands<br /> Terms of Peace offered by France<br /> - Conduct of Spain; Conduct of the Emperor<br /> Congress of Ryswick<br /> - William opens a distinct Negotiation<br /> Meetings of Portland and - Boufflers<br /> Terms of Peace between France and England settled<br /> - Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor<br /> Attempts of James to - prevent a general Pacification<br /> The Treaty of Ryswick signed; - Anxiety in England<br /> News of the Peace arrives in England<br /> - Dismay of the Jacobites<br /> General Rejoicing<br /> The King's Entry - into London<br /> The Thanksgiving Day + Governments<br > Restoration of the Finances<br > Effects of Fenwick's + Confession<br > Resignation of Godolphin<br > Feeling of the Whigs + about Fenwick<br > William examines Fenwick<br > Disappearance of + Goodman<br > Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession<br > + Bill for attainting Fenwick<br > Debates of the Commons on the Bill of + Attainder<br > The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords<br > + Artifices of Monmouth<br > Debates of the Lords on the Bill of + Attainder<br > Proceedings against Monmouth<br > Position and Feelings + of Shrewsbury<br > The Bill of Attainder passed; Attempts to save + Fenwick<br > Fenwick's Execution; Bill for the Regulating of Elections<br > + Bill for the Regulation of the Press<br > Bill abolishing the + Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy<br > Close of the Session; + Promotions and Appointments<br > State of Ireland<br > State of + Scotland<br > A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Act for the + Settling of Schools<br > Case of Thomas Aikenhead<br > Military + Operations in the Netherlands<br > Terms of Peace offered by France<br > + Conduct of Spain; Conduct of the Emperor<br > Congress of Ryswick<br > + William opens a distinct Negotiation<br > Meetings of Portland and + Boufflers<br > Terms of Peace between France and England settled<br > + Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor<br > Attempts of James to + prevent a general Pacification<br > The Treaty of Ryswick signed; + Anxiety in England<br > News of the Peace arrives in England<br > + Dismay of the Jacobites<br > General Rejoicing<br > The King's Entry + into London<br > The Thanksgiving Day </td> </tr> </table> <p> - <br /> <br /> + <br > <br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <br /> <br /> <a name="link2HCH0001" id="link2HCH0001"> + <br > <br > <a id="link2HCH0001"> <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> </p> <h2> CHAPTER XVII </h2> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> William's Voyage to Holland—William's Entrance into the Hague—Congress at the Hague—William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs—William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices inherent in the Nature of @@ -399,8 +356,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger tossing in sight of the flame which he had kindled, till the first pale light of a January morning showed them that they were close to the island of Goree. The King and his Lords, stiff with cold and covered with - icicles, gladly landed to warm and rest themselves. <a href="#linknote-1" - name="linknoteref-1" id="linknoteref-1"><small>1</small></a> + icicles, gladly landed to warm and rest themselves. <a href="#linknote-1" id="linknoteref-1"><small>1</small></a> </p> <p> After reposing some hours in the hut of a peasant, William proceeded to @@ -482,14 +438,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had assiduously studied; and he was assisted by Graevius, who then filled a chair at Utrecht, and whose just reputation had drawn to that University multitudes of students from every part of Protestant Europe. <a - href="#linknote-2" name="linknoteref-2" id="linknoteref-2"><small>2</small></a> + href="#linknote-2" id="linknoteref-2"><small>2</small></a> When the night came, fireworks were exhibited on the great tank which washes the walls of the Palace of the Federation. That tank was now as hard as marble; and the Dutch boasted that nothing had ever been seen, even on the terrace of Versailles, more brilliant than the effect produced by the innumerable cascades of flame which were reflected in the smooth - mirror of ice. <a href="#linknote-3" name="linknoteref-3" - id="linknoteref-3"><small>3</small></a> The English Lords congratulated + mirror of ice. <a href="#linknote-3" id="linknoteref-3"><small>3</small></a> The English Lords congratulated their master on his immense popularity. "Yes," said he; "but I am not the favourite. The shouting was nothing to what it would have been if Mary had been with me." @@ -504,8 +459,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his beloved wife to their care. He now came back among them the King of three kingdoms, the head of the greatest coalition that Europe had seen during a hundred and eighty years; and nothing was heard in the hall but - applause and congratulations. <a href="#linknote-4" name="linknoteref-4" - id="linknoteref-4"><small>4</small></a> + applause and congratulations. <a href="#linknote-4" id="linknoteref-4"><small>4</small></a> </p> <p> But this time the streets of the Hague were overflowing with the equipages @@ -544,8 +498,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger confuted out of Grotius and Puffendorf the nonsense stuttered by the tipsy nobles of the Empire. One of those nobles swallowed so many bumpers that he tumbled into the turf fire, and was not pulled out till his fine velvet - suit had been burned. <a href="#linknote-5" name="linknoteref-5" - id="linknoteref-5"><small>5</small></a> + suit had been burned. <a href="#linknote-5" id="linknoteref-5"><small>5</small></a> </p> <p> In the midst of all this revelry, business was not neglected. A formal @@ -566,13 +519,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Brandenburg and Bavaria, uncovered, occupied small stools on the right and left; the crowd of Landgraves and Sovereign dukes stood at humble distance; and Gastanaga, the unworthy successor of Alva, awaited the - orders of the heretic tyrant on bended knee. <a href="#linknote-6" - name="linknoteref-6" id="linknoteref-6"><small>6</small></a> + orders of the heretic tyrant on bended knee. <a href="#linknote-6" id="linknoteref-6"><small>6</small></a> </p> <p> It was soon announced by authority that, before the beginning of summer, two hundred and twenty thousand men would be in the field against France. - <a href="#linknote-7" name="linknoteref-7" id="linknoteref-7"><small>7</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-7" id="linknoteref-7"><small>7</small></a> The contingent which each of the allied powers was to furnish was made known. Matters about which it would have been inexpedient to put forth any declaration were privately discussed by the King of England with his @@ -687,8 +639,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger mountaineers probably never knew that their fate had been a subject of discussion at the Hague, and that they owed the happiness of their firesides, and the security of their humble temples to the ascendency - which William exercised over the Duke of Savoy. <a href="#linknote-8" - name="linknoteref-8" id="linknoteref-8"><small>8</small></a> + which William exercised over the Duke of Savoy. <a href="#linknote-8" id="linknoteref-8"><small>8</small></a> </p> <p> No coalition of which history has preserved the memory has had an abler @@ -788,7 +739,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The armies then retired into quarters. Military operations were suspended during some weeks; Lewis returned in triumph to Versailles; and William paid a short visit to England, where his presence was much needed. <a - href="#linknote-9" name="linknoteref-9" id="linknoteref-9"><small>9</small></a> + href="#linknote-9" id="linknoteref-9"><small>9</small></a> </p> <p> He found the ministers still employed in tracing out the ramifications of @@ -823,8 +774,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger predecessors had left him no example. "I did never think," he said, "that it was the part of any who were of counsel for the King in cases of this nature to aggravate the crime of the prisoners, or to put false colours on - the evidence." <a href="#linknote-10" name="linknoteref-10" - id="linknoteref-10"><small>10</small></a> Holt's conduct was faultless. + the evidence." <a href="#linknote-10" id="linknoteref-10"><small>10</small></a> Holt's conduct was faultless. Pollexfen, an older man than Holt or Somers, retained a little,—and a little was too much,—of the tone of that bad school in which he had been bred. But, though he once or twice forgot the austere decorum of @@ -846,8 +796,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger therefore rested the case against Ashton on the indisputable facts that the treasonable packet had been found in his bosom, and that he had used language which was quite unintelligible except on the supposition that he - had a guilty knowledge of the contents. <a href="#linknote-11" - name="linknoteref-11" id="linknoteref-11"><small>11</small></a> + had a guilty knowledge of the contents. <a href="#linknote-11" id="linknoteref-11"><small>11</small></a> </p> <p> Both Preston and Ashton were convicted and sentenced to death. Ashton was @@ -864,8 +813,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger word of a dying man, that he knew nothing of the papers which had been found upon him. Unfortunately his declaration, when inspected, proved to be in the same handwriting with one of the most important of those papers. - He died with manly fortitude. <a href="#linknote-12" name="linknoteref-12" - id="linknoteref-12"><small>12</small></a> + He died with manly fortitude. <a href="#linknote-12" id="linknoteref-12"><small>12</small></a> </p> <p> Elliot was not brought to trial. The evidence against him was not quite so @@ -877,7 +825,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger about the streets of London papers in which it was asserted that, if any harm befell him, Mountjoy, and all the other Englishmen of quality who were prisoners in France, would be broken on the wheel. <a - href="#linknote-13" name="linknoteref-13" id="linknoteref-13"><small>13</small></a> + href="#linknote-13" id="linknoteref-13"><small>13</small></a> These absurd threats would not have deferred the execution one day. But those who had Preston in their power were not unwilling to spare him on certain conditions. He was privy to all the counsels of the disaffected @@ -894,20 +842,17 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger with the iron grates and stone walls, and when the thought of the block, the axe and the sawdust rose in his mind. During some time he regularly wrote a confession every forenoon when he was sober, and burned it every - night when he was merry. <a href="#linknote-14" name="linknoteref-14" - id="linknoteref-14"><small>14</small></a> His nonjuring friends formed a + night when he was merry. <a href="#linknote-14" id="linknoteref-14"><small>14</small></a> His nonjuring friends formed a plan for bringing Sancroft to visit the Tower, in the hope, doubtless, that the exhortations of so great a prelate and so great a saint would - confirm the wavering virtue of the prisoner. <a href="#linknote-15" - name="linknoteref-15" id="linknoteref-15"><small>15</small></a> Whether + confirm the wavering virtue of the prisoner. <a href="#linknote-15" id="linknoteref-15"><small>15</small></a> Whether this plan would have been successful may be doubted; it was not carried into effect; the fatal hour drew near; and the fortitude of Preston gave way. He confessed his guilt, and named Clarendon, Dartmouth, the Bishop of Ely and William Penn, as his accomplices. He added a long list of persons against whom he could not himself give evidence, but who, if he could trust to Penn's assurances, were friendly to King James. Among these - persons were Devonshire and Dorset. <a href="#linknote-16" - name="linknoteref-16" id="linknoteref-16"><small>16</small></a> There is + persons were Devonshire and Dorset. <a href="#linknote-16" id="linknoteref-16"><small>16</small></a> There is not the slightest reason to believe that either of these great noblemen ever had any dealings, direct or indirect, with Saint Germains. It is not, however, necessary to accuse Penn of deliberate falsehood. He was @@ -930,12 +875,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger prisoner, passing from what he could himself testify, began to repeat the stories which Penn had told him, William touched Caermarthen on the shoulder and said, "My Lord, we have had too much of this." <a - href="#linknote-17" name="linknoteref-17" id="linknoteref-17"><small>17</small></a> + href="#linknote-17" id="linknoteref-17"><small>17</small></a> This judicious magnanimity had its proper reward. Devonshire and Dorset became from that day more zealous than ever in the cause of the master who, in spite of calumny for which their own indiscretion had perhaps furnished some ground, had continued to repose confidence in their - loyalty. <a href="#linknote-18" name="linknoteref-18" id="linknoteref-18"><small>18</small></a> + loyalty. <a href="#linknote-18" id="linknoteref-18"><small>18</small></a> </p> <p> Even those who were undoubtedly criminal were generally treated with great @@ -948,8 +893,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger length his health began to suffer from restraint, he was permitted to go into the country under the care of a warder; the warder was soon removed; and Clarendon was informed that, while he led a quiet rural life, he - should not be molested. <a href="#linknote-19" name="linknoteref-19" - id="linknoteref-19"><small>19</small></a> + should not be molested. <a href="#linknote-19" id="linknoteref-19"><small>19</small></a> </p> <p> The treason of Dartmouth was of no common dye. He was an English seaman; @@ -975,8 +919,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger lived long enough to complete his disgrace by offering his sword to the new government, and by expressing in fervent language his hope that he might, by the goodness of God and of Their Majesties, have an opportunity - of showing how much he hated the French. <a href="#linknote-20" - name="linknoteref-20" id="linknoteref-20"><small>20</small></a> + of showing how much he hated the French. <a href="#linknote-20" id="linknoteref-20"><small>20</small></a> </p> <p> Turner ran no serious risk; for the government was most unwilling to send @@ -987,7 +930,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger flowing wig and that he suffered his beard to grow. The pursuit was probably not very hot; for, after skulking a few weeks in England, he succeeded in crossing the Channel, and remained some time in France. <a - href="#linknote-21" name="linknoteref-21" id="linknoteref-21"><small>21</small></a> + href="#linknote-21" id="linknoteref-21"><small>21</small></a> </p> <p> A warrant was issued against Penn; and he narrowly escaped the messengers. @@ -1000,8 +943,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </p> <p> More than forty years had elapsed since Fox had begun to see visions and - to cast out devils. <a href="#linknote-22" name="linknoteref-22" - id="linknoteref-22"><small>22</small></a> He was then a youth of pure + to cast out devils. <a href="#linknote-22" id="linknoteref-22"><small>22</small></a> He was then a youth of pure morals and grave deportment, with a perverse temper, with the education of a labouring man, and with an intellect in the most unhappy of all states, that is to say, too much disordered for liberty, and not sufficiently @@ -1015,22 +957,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger against priests; and he in vain applied for spiritual direction and consolation to doctors of both parties. One jolly old clergyman of the Anglican communion told him to smoke tobacco and sing psalms; another - advised him to go and lose some blood. <a href="#linknote-23" - name="linknoteref-23" id="linknoteref-23"><small>23</small></a> The young + advised him to go and lose some blood. <a href="#linknote-23" id="linknoteref-23"><small>23</small></a> The young inquirer turned in disgust from these advisers to the Dissenters, and - found them also blind guides. <a href="#linknote-24" name="linknoteref-24" - id="linknoteref-24"><small>24</small></a> After some time he came to the + found them also blind guides. <a href="#linknote-24" id="linknoteref-24"><small>24</small></a> After some time he came to the conclusion that no human being was competent to instruct him in divine things, and that the truth had been communicated to him by direct inspiration from heaven. He argued that, as the division of languages began at Babel, and as the persecutors of Christ put on the cross an inscription in Latin, Greek and Hebrew, the knowledge of languages, and more especially of Latin, Greek and Hebrew, must be useless to a Christian - minister. <a href="#linknote-25" name="linknoteref-25" id="linknoteref-25"><small>25</small></a> + minister. <a href="#linknote-25" id="linknoteref-25"><small>25</small></a> Indeed, he was so far from knowing many languages, that he knew none; nor can the most corrupt passage in Hebrew be more unintelligible to the unlearned than his English often is to the most acute and attentive - reader. <a href="#linknote-26" name="linknoteref-26" id="linknoteref-26"><small>26</small></a> + reader. <a href="#linknote-26" id="linknoteref-26"><small>26</small></a> One of the precious truths which were divinely revealed to this new apostle was, that it was falsehood and adulation to use the second person plural instead of the second person singular. Another was, that to talk of @@ -1038,25 +978,23 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger talk of Monday was to pay idolatrous homage to the moon. To say Good morning or Good evening was highly reprehensible, for those phrases evidently imported that God had made bad days and bad nights. <a - href="#linknote-27" name="linknoteref-27" id="linknoteref-27"><small>27</small></a> + href="#linknote-27" id="linknoteref-27"><small>27</small></a> A Christian was bound to face death itself rather than touch his hat to the greatest of mankind. When Fox was challenged to produce any Scriptural authority for this dogma, he cited the passage in which it is written that Shadrach, Meshech and Abednego were thrown into the fiery furnace with their hats on; and, if his own narrative may be trusted, the Chief Justice of England was altogether unable to answer this argument except by crying - out, "Take him away, gaoler." <a href="#linknote-28" name="linknoteref-28" - id="linknoteref-28"><small>28</small></a> Fox insisted much on the not + out, "Take him away, gaoler." <a href="#linknote-28" id="linknoteref-28"><small>28</small></a> Fox insisted much on the not less weighty argument that the Turks never show their bare heads to their superiors; and he asked, with great animation, whether those who bore the noble name of Christians ought not to surpass Turks in virtue. <a - href="#linknote-29" name="linknoteref-29" id="linknoteref-29"><small>29</small></a> + href="#linknote-29" id="linknoteref-29"><small>29</small></a> Bowing he strictly prohibited, and, indeed, seemed to consider it as the effect of Satanical influence; for, as he observed, the woman in the Gospel, while she had a spirit of infirmity, was bowed together, and ceased to bow as soon as Divine power had liberated her from the tyranny - of the Evil One. <a href="#linknote-30" name="linknoteref-30" - id="linknoteref-30"><small>30</small></a> His expositions of the sacred + of the Evil One. <a href="#linknote-30" id="linknoteref-30"><small>30</small></a> His expositions of the sacred writings were of a very peculiar kind. Passages, which had been, in the apprehension of all the readers of the Gospels during sixteen centuries, figurative, he construed literally. Passages, which no human being before @@ -1070,33 +1008,31 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger theology, shaking like an aspen leaf in his paroxysms of fanatical excitement, forcing his way into churches, which he nicknamed steeple houses interrupting prayers and sermons with clamour and scurrility, <a - href="#linknote-31" name="linknoteref-31" id="linknoteref-31"><small>31</small></a> + href="#linknote-31" id="linknoteref-31"><small>31</small></a> and pestering rectors and justices with epistles much resembling burlesques of those sublime odes in which the Hebrew prophets foretold the - calamities of Babylon and Tyre. <a href="#linknote-32" - name="linknoteref-32" id="linknoteref-32"><small>32</small></a> He soon + calamities of Babylon and Tyre. <a href="#linknote-32" id="linknoteref-32"><small>32</small></a> He soon acquired great notoriety by these feats. His strange face, his strange chant, his immovable hat and his leather breeches were known all over the country; and he boasts that, as soon as the rumour was heard, "The Man in Leather Breeches is coming," terror seized hypocritical professors, and - hireling priests made haste to get out of his way. <a href="#linknote-33" - name="linknoteref-33" id="linknoteref-33"><small>33</small></a> He was + hireling priests made haste to get out of his way. <a href="#linknote-33" id="linknoteref-33"><small>33</small></a> He was repeatedly imprisoned and set in the stocks, sometimes justly, for disturbing the public worship of congregations, and sometimes unjustly, for merely talking nonsense. He soon gathered round him a body of disciples, some of whom went beyond himself in absurdity. He has told us that one of his friends walked naked through Skipton declaring the truth. - <a href="#linknote-34" name="linknoteref-34" id="linknoteref-34"><small>34</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-34" id="linknoteref-34"><small>34</small></a> and that another was divinely moved to go naked during several years to marketplaces, and to the houses of gentlemen and clergymen. <a - href="#linknote-35" name="linknoteref-35" id="linknoteref-35"><small>35</small></a> + href="#linknote-35" id="linknoteref-35"><small>35</small></a> Fox complains bitterly that these pious acts, prompted by the Holy Spirit, were requited by an untoward generation with hooting, pelting, coachwhipping and horsewhipping. But, though he applauded the zeal of the sufferers, he did not go quite to their lengths. He sometimes, indeed, was impelled to strip himself partially. Thus he pulled off his shoes and walked barefoot through Lichfield, crying, "Woe to the bloody city." <a - href="#linknote-36" name="linknoteref-36" id="linknoteref-36"><small>36</small></a> + href="#linknote-36" id="linknoteref-36"><small>36</small></a> But it does not appear that he ever thought it his duty to appear before the public without that decent garment from which his popular appellation was derived. @@ -1138,8 +1074,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger have been quite unable to comprehend were put on his phrases; and his system, so much improved that he would not have known it again, was defended by numerous citations from Pagan philosophers and Christian - fathers whose names he had never heard. <a href="#linknote-37" - name="linknoteref-37" id="linknoteref-37"><small>37</small></a> Still, + fathers whose names he had never heard. <a href="#linknote-37" id="linknoteref-37"><small>37</small></a> Still, however, those who had remodelled his theology continued to profess, and doubtless to feel, profound reverence for him; and his crazy epistles were to the last received and read with respect in Quaker meetings all over the @@ -1151,8 +1086,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger those disciples who committed the venerable corpse to the earth. The ceremony had scarcely been finished when he learned that warrants were out against him. He instantly took flight, and remained many months concealed - from the public eye. <a href="#linknote-38" name="linknoteref-38" - id="linknoteref-38"><small>38</small></a> + from the public eye. <a href="#linknote-38" id="linknoteref-38"><small>38</small></a> </p> <p> A short time after his disappearance, Sidney received from him a strange @@ -1190,28 +1124,24 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger not much raise his character. Scarcely had he again begun to harangue in public about the unlawfulness of war, when he sent a message earnestly exhorting James to make an immediate descent on England with thirty - thousand men. <a href="#linknote-39" name="linknoteref-39" - id="linknoteref-39"><small>39</small></a> + thousand men. <a href="#linknote-39" id="linknoteref-39"><small>39</small></a> </p> <p> Some months passed before the fate of Preston was decided. After several respites, the government, convinced that, though he had told much, he could tell more, fixed a day for his execution, and ordered the sheriffs - to have the machinery of death in readiness. <a href="#linknote-40" - name="linknoteref-40" id="linknoteref-40"><small>40</small></a> But he was + to have the machinery of death in readiness. <a href="#linknote-40" id="linknoteref-40"><small>40</small></a> But he was again respited, and, after a delay of some weeks, obtained a pardon, which, however, extended only to his life, and left his property subject to all the consequences of his attainder. As soon as he was set at liberty he gave new cause of offence and suspicion, and was again arrested, - examined and sent to prison. <a href="#linknote-41" name="linknoteref-41" - id="linknoteref-41"><small>41</small></a> At length he was permitted to + examined and sent to prison. <a href="#linknote-41" id="linknoteref-41"><small>41</small></a> At length he was permitted to retire, pursued by the hisses and curses of both parties, to a lonely manor house in the North Riding of Yorkshire. There, at least, he had not to endure the scornful looks of old associates who had once thought him a man of dauntless courage and spotless honour, but who now pronounced that he was at best a meanspirited coward, and hinted their suspicions that he - had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. <a href="#linknote-42" - name="linknoteref-42" id="linknoteref-42"><small>42</small></a> He + had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. <a href="#linknote-42" id="linknoteref-42"><small>42</small></a> He employed the short and sad remains of his life in turning the Consolation of Boethius into English. The translation was published after the translator's death. It is remarkable chiefly on account of some very @@ -1248,8 +1178,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger came when he had reason to wish that he had restrained his insolence. He found, by terrible proof, that of all the Jacobites, the most desperate assassins not excepted, he was the only one for whom William felt an - intense personal aversion. <a href="#linknote-43" name="linknoteref-43" - id="linknoteref-43"><small>43</small></a> + intense personal aversion. <a href="#linknote-43" id="linknoteref-43"><small>43</small></a> </p> <p> A few days after this event the rage of the malecontents began to flame @@ -1266,8 +1195,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger informed that, if they would consent to perform their spiritual duty, to ordain, to institute, to confirm, and to watch over the faith and the morality of the priesthood, a bill should be brought into Parliament to - excuse them from taking the oaths. <a href="#linknote-44" - name="linknoteref-44" id="linknoteref-44"><small>44</small></a> This offer + excuse them from taking the oaths. <a href="#linknote-44" id="linknoteref-44"><small>44</small></a> This offer was imprudently liberal; but those to whom it was made could not consistently accept it. For in the ordination service, and indeed in almost every service of the Church, William and Mary were designated as @@ -1289,7 +1217,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger now evident that William's forbearance had only emboldened the adversaries whom he had hoped to conciliate. Even Caermarthen, even Nottingham, declared that it was high time to fill the vacant sees. <a - href="#linknote-45" name="linknoteref-45" id="linknoteref-45"><small>45</small></a> + href="#linknote-45" id="linknoteref-45"><small>45</small></a> </p> <p> Tillotson was nominated to the Archbishopric, and was consecrated on @@ -1306,8 +1234,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger lined the streets greeted the new Primate warmly. For he had, during many years, preached in the City; and his eloquence, his probity and the singular gentleness of his temper and manners, had made him the favourite - of the Londoners. <a href="#linknote-46" name="linknoteref-46" - id="linknoteref-46"><small>46</small></a> But the congratulations and + of the Londoners. <a href="#linknote-46" id="linknoteref-46"><small>46</small></a> But the congratulations and applauses of his friends could not drown the roar of execration which the Jacobites set up. According to them, he was a thief who had not entered by the door, but had climbed over the fences. He was a hireling whose own the @@ -1330,8 +1257,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger bitter remorse for the great crime by which she had obtained a throne, that in her agony she had applied to Tillotson, and that he had comforted her by assuring her that the punishment of the wicked in a future state - would not be eternal. <a href="#linknote-47" name="linknoteref-47" - id="linknoteref-47"><small>47</small></a> The Archbishop's mind was + would not be eternal. <a href="#linknote-47" id="linknoteref-47"><small>47</small></a> The Archbishop's mind was naturally of almost feminine delicacy, and had been rather softened than braced by the habits of a long life, during which contending sects and factions had agreed in speaking of his abilities with admiration and of @@ -1342,7 +1268,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his consecration, some persons were seized while dispersing libels in which he was reviled. The law officers of the Crown proposed to institute prosecutions; but he insisted that nobody should be punished on his - account. <a href="#linknote-48" name="linknoteref-48" id="linknoteref-48"><small>48</small></a> + account. <a href="#linknote-48" id="linknoteref-48"><small>48</small></a> Once, when he had company with him, a sealed packet was put into his hands; he opened it; and out fell a mask. His friends were shocked and incensed by this cowardly insult; but the Archbishop, trying to conceal @@ -1351,8 +1277,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger convey might be called gentle when compared with other reproaches which he daily had to endure. After his death a bundle of the savage lampoons which the nonjurors had circulated against him was found among his papers with - this indorsement: "I pray God forgive them; I do." <a href="#linknote-49" - name="linknoteref-49" id="linknoteref-49"><small>49</small></a> + this indorsement: "I pray God forgive them; I do." <a href="#linknote-49" id="linknoteref-49"><small>49</small></a> </p> <p> The temper of the deposed primate was very different. He seems to have @@ -1384,7 +1309,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger courtesy and kindness, to soothe the irritation of which he was the innocent cause. He stayed long in the antechamber, and sent in his name by several servants; but Sancroft would not even return an answer. <a - href="#linknote-50" name="linknoteref-50" id="linknoteref-50"><small>50</small></a> + href="#linknote-50" id="linknoteref-50"><small>50</small></a> Three weeks passed; and still the deprived Archbishop showed no disposition to move. At length he received an order intimating to him the royal pleasure that he should quit the dwelling which had long ceased to @@ -1392,15 +1317,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger bitterly, and declared that he would not obey it. He would stay till he was pulled out by the Sheriff's officers. He would defend himself at law as long as he could do so without putting in any plea acknowledging the - authority of the usurpers. <a href="#linknote-51" name="linknoteref-51" - id="linknoteref-51"><small>51</small></a> The case was so clear that he + authority of the usurpers. <a href="#linknote-51" id="linknoteref-51"><small>51</small></a> The case was so clear that he could not, by any artifice of chicanery, obtain more than a short delay. When judgment had been given against him, he left the palace, but directed his steward to retain possession. The consequence was that the steward was taken into custody and heavily fined. Tillotson sent a kind message to assure his predecessor that the fine should not be exacted. But Sancroft was determined to have a grievance, and would pay the money. <a - href="#linknote-52" name="linknoteref-52" id="linknoteref-52"><small>52</small></a> + href="#linknote-52" id="linknoteref-52"><small>52</small></a> </p> <p> From that time the great object of the narrowminded and peevish old man @@ -1428,8 +1352,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Ken passed a happy and honoured old age, during which he never regretted the sacrifice which he had made to what he thought his duty, and yet constantly became more and more indulgent to those whose views of duty - differed from his. <a href="#linknote-53" name="linknoteref-53" - id="linknoteref-53"><small>53</small></a> + differed from his. <a href="#linknote-53" id="linknoteref-53"><small>53</small></a> </p> <p> Sancroft was of a very different temper. He had, indeed, as little to @@ -1455,7 +1378,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger example, taught his followers to look on the most orthodox, the most devout, the most virtuous of those who acknowledged William's authority with a feeling similar to that with which the Jew regarded the Samaritan. - <a href="#linknote-54" name="linknoteref-54" id="linknoteref-54"><small>54</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-54" id="linknoteref-54"><small>54</small></a> Such intolerance would have been reprehensible, even in a man contending for a great principle. But Sancroft was contending merely for a name. He was the author of the scheme of Regency. He was perfectly willing to @@ -1473,7 +1396,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to consider as the reproach of Protestantism, named two fierce and uncompromising nonjurors, Hickes and Wagstaffe, the former recommended by Sancroft, the latter recommended by Lloyd, the ejected Bishop of Norwich. - <a href="#linknote-55" name="linknoteref-55" id="linknoteref-55"><small>55</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-55" id="linknoteref-55"><small>55</small></a> Such was the origin of a schismatical hierarchy, which, having, during a short time, excited alarm, soon sank into obscurity and contempt, but which, in obscurity and contempt, continued to drag on a languid existence @@ -1488,7 +1411,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger another left what he had called his see, and settled in Ireland; and at length, in 1805, the last Bishop of that society which had proudly claimed to be the only true Church of England dropped unnoticed into the grave. <a - href="#linknote-56" name="linknoteref-56" id="linknoteref-56"><small>56</small></a> + href="#linknote-56" id="linknoteref-56"><small>56</small></a> </p> <p> The places of the bishops who had been ejected with Sancroft were filled @@ -1497,23 +1420,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had no interest at Court, and whose only recommendations were his piety and erudition, was astonished by learning from a newsletter which he found on the table of a coffeehouse that he had been nominated to the See of - Peterborough. <a href="#linknote-57" name="linknoteref-57" - id="linknoteref-57"><small>57</small></a> Beveridge was selected to + Peterborough. <a href="#linknote-57" id="linknoteref-57"><small>57</small></a> Beveridge was selected to succeed Ken; he consented; and the appointment was actually announced in the London Gazette. But Beveridge, though an honest, was not a strongminded man. Some Jacobites expostulated with him; some reviled him; his heart failed him; and he retracted. While the nonjurors were rejoicing in this victory, he changed his mind again; but too late. He had by his irresolution forfeited the favour of William, and never obtained a mitre - till Anne was on the throne. <a href="#linknote-58" name="linknoteref-58" - id="linknoteref-58"><small>58</small></a> The bishopric of Bath and Wells + till Anne was on the throne. <a href="#linknote-58" id="linknoteref-58"><small>58</small></a> The bishopric of Bath and Wells was bestowed on Richard Kidder, a man of considerable attainments and blameless character, but suspected of a leaning towards Presbyterianism. About the same time Sharp, the highest churchman that had been zealous for the Comprehension, and the lowest churchman that felt a scruple about succeeding a deprived prelate, accepted the Archbishopric of York, vacant - by the death of Lamplugh. <a href="#linknote-59" name="linknoteref-59" - id="linknoteref-59"><small>59</small></a> + by the death of Lamplugh. <a href="#linknote-59" id="linknoteref-59"><small>59</small></a> </p> <p> In consequence of the elevation of Tillotson to the See of Canterbury, the @@ -1568,7 +1488,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger their sanction to Overall's teaching, pronounced that a government, which had originated in rebellion, ought, when thoroughly settled, to be considered as ordained by God and to be obeyed by Christian men. <a - href="#linknote-60" name="linknoteref-60" id="linknoteref-60"><small>60</small></a> + href="#linknote-60" id="linknoteref-60"><small>60</small></a> Sherlock read, and was convinced. His venerable mother the Church had spoken; and he, with the docility of a child, accepted her decree. The government which had sprung from the Revolution might, at least since the @@ -1716,8 +1636,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger "plight our faith to one King, and call one God to attest our promise. We cannot think it strange that there should be more than one King to whom the Doctor has sworn allegiance, when we consider that the Doctor has more - Gods than one to swear by." <a href="#linknote-61" name="linknoteref-61" - id="linknoteref-61"><small>61</small></a> + Gods than one to swear by." <a href="#linknote-61" id="linknoteref-61"><small>61</small></a> </p> <p> Sherlock would, perhaps, have doubted whether the government to which he @@ -1731,8 +1650,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger reposing under the dust of a century and a half, be made clear to our posterity. The materials, however, which are at present accessible, are sufficient for the construction of a narrative not to be read without - shame and loathing. <a href="#linknote-62" name="linknoteref-62" - id="linknoteref-62"><small>62</small></a> + shame and loathing. <a href="#linknote-62" id="linknoteref-62"><small>62</small></a> </p> <p> We have seen that, in the spring of 1690, Shrewsbury, irritated by finding @@ -1826,7 +1744,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and England. Lloyd conveyed to James assurances that Russell would, when a favourable opportunity should present itself, try to effect by means of the fleet what Monk had effected in the preceding generation by means of - the army. <a href="#linknote-63" name="linknoteref-63" id="linknoteref-63"><small>63</small></a> + the army. <a href="#linknote-63" id="linknoteref-63"><small>63</small></a> To what extent these assurances were sincere was a question about which men who knew Russell well, and who were minutely informed as to his conduct, were in doubt. It seems probable that, during many months, he did @@ -1939,12 +1857,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Sackville was astonished and not much pleased by the message. He was a sturdy Cavalier of the old school. He had been persecuted in the days of the Popish plot for manfully saying what he thought, and what every body - now thinks, about Oates and Bedloe. <a href="#linknote-64" - name="linknoteref-64" id="linknoteref-64"><small>64</small></a> Since the + now thinks, about Oates and Bedloe. <a href="#linknote-64" id="linknoteref-64"><small>64</small></a> Since the Revolution he had put his neck in peril for King James, had been chased by officers with warrants, and had been designated as a traitor in a proclamation to which Marlborough himself had been a party. <a - href="#linknote-65" name="linknoteref-65" id="linknoteref-65"><small>65</small></a> + href="#linknote-65" id="linknoteref-65"><small>65</small></a> It was not without reluctance that the stanch royalist crossed the hated threshold of the deserter. He was repaid for his effort by the edifying spectacle of such an agony of repentance as he had never before seen. @@ -2093,8 +2010,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger quite correctly understood. There had been some misapprehension on the part of the messengers. To carry over a regiment or two would do more harm than good. To carry over a whole army was a business which would require - much time and management. <a href="#linknote-66" name="linknoteref-66" - id="linknoteref-66"><small>66</small></a> While James was murmuring over + much time and management. <a href="#linknote-66" id="linknoteref-66"><small>66</small></a> While James was murmuring over these apologies, and wishing that he had not been quite so placable, William arrived at the head quarters of the allied forces, and took the chief command. @@ -2143,7 +2059,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger He carries with him cooks, confectioners and laundresses, a waggonload of plate, a wardrobe of laced and embroidered suits, and much rich tent furniture, of which the patterns have been chosen by a committee of fine - ladies. <a href="#linknote-67" name="linknoteref-67" id="linknoteref-67"><small>67</small></a> + ladies. <a href="#linknote-67" id="linknoteref-67"><small>67</small></a> </p> <p> While the hostile armies watched each other in Flanders, hostilities were @@ -2165,8 +2081,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger inclining still further eastward, proceeded to Cashel. From Cashel the line went to Mullingar, from Mullingar to Longford, and from Longford to Cavan, skirted Lough Erne on the west, and met the ocean again at - Ballyshannon. <a href="#linknote-68" name="linknoteref-68" - id="linknoteref-68"><small>68</small></a> + Ballyshannon. <a href="#linknote-68" id="linknoteref-68"><small>68</small></a> </p> <p> On the English side of this pale there was a rude and imperfect order. Two @@ -2177,8 +2092,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a strong militia, under the command of officers who had commissions from the Crown. The trainbands of the capital consisted of two thousand five hundred foot, two troops of horse and two troops of dragoons, all - Protestants and all well armed and clad. <a href="#linknote-69" - name="linknoteref-69" id="linknoteref-69"><small>69</small></a> On the + Protestants and all well armed and clad. <a href="#linknote-69" id="linknoteref-69"><small>69</small></a> On the fourth of November, the anniversary of William's birth, and on the fifth, the anniversary of his landing at Torbay, the whole of this force appeared in all the pomp of war. The vanquished and disarmed natives assisted, with @@ -2190,8 +2104,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger nobles and public functionaries feasted at the Castle; and, as the second course came up, the trumpets sounded, and Ulster King at Arms proclaimed, in Latin, French and English, William and Mary, by the grace of God, King - and Queen of Great Britain, France, and Ireland. <a href="#linknote-70" - name="linknoteref-70" id="linknoteref-70"><small>70</small></a> + and Queen of Great Britain, France, and Ireland. <a href="#linknote-70" id="linknoteref-70"><small>70</small></a> </p> <p> Within the territory where the Saxon race was dominant, trade and industry @@ -2204,7 +2117,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the custom houses on the eastern coast, from Cork to Londonderry, amounted in six months to sixty-seven thousand five hundred pounds, a sum such as would have been thought extraordinary even in the most prosperous times. - <a href="#linknote-71" name="linknoteref-71" id="linknoteref-71"><small>71</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-71" id="linknoteref-71"><small>71</small></a> </p> <p> The Irish who remained within the English pale were, one and all, hostile @@ -2225,8 +2138,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger neighbourhood on any pretext. Without a protection from the government no member of the Church of Rome was safe; and the government would not grant a protection to any member of the Church of Rome who had a son in the - Irish army. <a href="#linknote-72" name="linknoteref-72" - id="linknoteref-72"><small>72</small></a> + Irish army. <a href="#linknote-72" id="linknoteref-72"><small>72</small></a> </p> <p> In spite of all precautions and severities, however, the Celt found many @@ -2259,8 +2171,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger long discussion, resolved, without a division, that the order for the execution of Gafney was arbitrary and illegal, but that Coningsby's fault was so much extenuated by the circumstances in which he was placed that it - was not a proper subject for impeachment. <a href="#linknote-73" - name="linknoteref-73" id="linknoteref-73"><small>73</small></a> + was not a proper subject for impeachment. <a href="#linknote-73" id="linknoteref-73"><small>73</small></a> </p> <p> It was not only by the implacable hostility of the Irish that the Saxon of @@ -2283,7 +2194,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and stores arrived; arrears were paid up; rations were plentiful; and a more rigid discipline was enforced. But too many traces of the bad habits which the soldiers had contracted were discernible till the close of the - war. <a href="#linknote-74" name="linknoteref-74" id="linknoteref-74"><small>74</small></a> + war. <a href="#linknote-74" id="linknoteref-74"><small>74</small></a> </p> <p> In that part of Ireland, meanwhile, which still acknowledged James as @@ -2318,7 +2229,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger him. The consequence was that, while foreign commodities were pouring fast into the harbours of Londonderry, Carrickfergus, Dublin, Waterford and Cork, every mariner avoided Limerick and Galway as nests of pirates. <a - href="#linknote-75" name="linknoteref-75" id="linknoteref-75"><small>75</small></a> + href="#linknote-75" id="linknoteref-75"><small>75</small></a> </p> <p> The distinction between the Irish foot soldier and the Irish Rapparee had @@ -2357,7 +2268,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the English garrisons, in situations in which disguise, flight and resistance were alike impossible. When this happened every kerne who was taken was hanged, without any ceremony, on the nearest tree. <a - href="#linknote-76" name="linknoteref-76" id="linknoteref-76"><small>76</small></a> + href="#linknote-76" id="linknoteref-76"><small>76</small></a> </p> <p> At the head quarters of the Irish army there was, during the winter, no @@ -2367,8 +2278,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger persons. The nominal command of the army he had confided to Berwick; but Berwick, though, as was afterwards proved, a man of no common courage and capacity, was young and inexperienced. His powers were unsuspected by the - world and by himself; <a href="#linknote-77" name="linknoteref-77" - id="linknoteref-77"><small>77</small></a> and he submitted without + world and by himself; <a href="#linknote-77" id="linknoteref-77"><small>77</small></a> and he submitted without reluctance to the tutelage of a Council of War nominated by the Lord Lieutenant. Neither the Council of Regency nor the Council of War was popular at Limerick. The Irish complained that men who were not Irish had @@ -2377,7 +2287,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger he was a Scotchman; it was doubtful whether he was a Roman Catholic; and he had not concealed the dislike which he felt for that Celtic Parliament which had repealed the Act of Settlement and passed the Act of Attainder. - <a href="#linknote-78" name="linknoteref-78" id="linknoteref-78"><small>78</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-78" id="linknoteref-78"><small>78</small></a> The discontent, fomented by the arts of intriguers, among whom the cunning and unprincipled Henry Luttrell seems to have been the most active, soon broke forth into open rebellion. A great meeting was held. Many officers @@ -2400,8 +2310,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger answered that there was no general, and that, if His Grace did not choose to undertake the administration on the terms proposed, another leader would easily be found. Berwick very reluctantly yielded, and continued to - be a puppet in a new set of hands. <a href="#linknote-79" - name="linknoteref-79" id="linknoteref-79"><small>79</small></a> + be a puppet in a new set of hands. <a href="#linknote-79" id="linknoteref-79"><small>79</small></a> </p> <p> Those who had effected this revolution thought it prudent to send a @@ -2415,8 +2324,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger traverse their designs. Henry Luttrell, the least scrupulous of men, proposed to settle the matter at once by tossing the Scotchman into the sea. But the Bishop, who was a man of conscience, and Simon Luttrell, who - was a man of honour, objected to this expedient. <a href="#linknote-80" - name="linknoteref-80" id="linknoteref-80"><small>80</small></a> + was a man of honour, objected to this expedient. <a href="#linknote-80" id="linknoteref-80"><small>80</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile at Limerick the supreme power was in abeyance. Berwick, finding @@ -2435,8 +2343,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger nominally for the public service, but really for themselves, wool, linen, leather, tallow, domestic utensils, instruments of husbandry, searched every pantry, every wardrobe, every cellar, and even laid sacrilegious hands - on the property of priests and prelates. <a href="#linknote-81" - name="linknoteref-81" id="linknoteref-81"><small>81</small></a> + on the property of priests and prelates. <a href="#linknote-81" id="linknoteref-81"><small>81</small></a> </p> <p> Early in the spring the government, if it is to be so called, of which @@ -2456,8 +2363,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger long, and at last, with characteristic wisdom, relieved himself from trouble by giving all the quarrellers fair words and by sending them all back to have their fight out in Ireland. Berwick was at the same time - recalled to France. <a href="#linknote-82" name="linknoteref-82" - id="linknoteref-82"><small>82</small></a> + recalled to France. <a href="#linknote-82" id="linknoteref-82"><small>82</small></a> </p> <p> Tyrconnel was received at Limerick, even by his enemies, with decent @@ -2478,7 +2384,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger should soon be followed by several ships, laden with provisions and military stores. This announcement was most welcome to the troops, who had long been without bread, and who had nothing stronger than water to drink. - <a href="#linknote-83" name="linknoteref-83" id="linknoteref-83"><small>83</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-83" id="linknoteref-83"><small>83</small></a> </p> <p> During some weeks the supplies were impatiently expected. At last, @@ -2487,8 +2393,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger mutton, which, half raw, half burned, without vegetables, without salt, had hitherto supported the army, had become scarce; and the common men were on rations of horseflesh when the promised sails were seen in the - mouth of the Shannon. <a href="#linknote-84" name="linknoteref-84" - id="linknoteref-84"><small>84</small></a> + mouth of the Shannon. <a href="#linknote-84" id="linknoteref-84"><small>84</small></a> </p> <p> A distinguished French general, named Saint Ruth, was on board with his @@ -2500,7 +2405,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger named D'Usson. The French ships brought some arms, some ammunition, and a plentiful supply of corn and flour. The spirits of the Irish rose; and the Te Deum was chaunted with fervent devotion in the cathedral of Limerick. - <a href="#linknote-85" name="linknoteref-85" id="linknoteref-85"><small>85</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-85" id="linknoteref-85"><small>85</small></a> </p> <p> Tyrconnel had made no preparations for the approaching campaign. But Saint @@ -2527,8 +2432,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger himself vigorously to the task of disciplining these strange soldiers, and was day and night in the saddle, galloping from post to post, from Limerick to Athlone, from Athlone to the northern extremity of Lough Rea, - and from Lough Rea back to Limerick. <a href="#linknote-86" - name="linknoteref-86" id="linknoteref-86"><small>86</small></a> + and from Lough Rea back to Limerick. <a href="#linknote-86" id="linknoteref-86"><small>86</small></a> </p> <p> It was indeed necessary that he should bestir himself; for, a few days @@ -2544,8 +2448,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger zeal of the troops. The appearance of the camp showed that the money voted by the English Parliament had not been spared. The uniforms were new; the ranks were one blaze of scarlet; and the train of artillery was such as - had never before been seen in Ireland. <a href="#linknote-87" - name="linknoteref-87" id="linknoteref-87"><small>87</small></a> + had never before been seen in Ireland. <a href="#linknote-87" id="linknoteref-87"><small>87</small></a> </p> <p> On the sixth of June Ginkell moved his head quarters from Mullingar. On @@ -2557,36 +2460,31 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger seeing the besieged running like rabbits from one shelter to another. The governor, who had at first held high language, begged piteously for quarter, and obtained it. The whole garrison were marched off to Dublin. - Only eight of the conquerors had fallen. <a href="#linknote-88" - name="linknoteref-88" id="linknoteref-88"><small>88</small></a> + Only eight of the conquerors had fallen. <a href="#linknote-88" id="linknoteref-88"><small>88</small></a> </p> <p> Ginkell passed some days in reconstructing the defences of Ballymore. This work had scarcely been performed when he was joined by the Danish auxiliaries under the command of the Duke of Wirtemberg. The whole army then moved westward, and, on the nineteenth of June, appeared before the - walls of Athlone. <a href="#linknote-89" name="linknoteref-89" - id="linknoteref-89"><small>89</small></a> + walls of Athlone. <a href="#linknote-89" id="linknoteref-89"><small>89</small></a> </p> <p> Athlone was perhaps, in a military point of view, the most important place in the island. Rosen, who understood war well, had always maintained that it was there that the Irishry would, with most advantage, make a stand - against the Englishry. <a href="#linknote-90" name="linknoteref-90" - id="linknoteref-90"><small>90</small></a> The town, which was surrounded + against the Englishry. <a href="#linknote-90" id="linknoteref-90"><small>90</small></a> The town, which was surrounded by ramparts of earth, lay partly in Leinster and partly in Connaught. The English quarter, which was in Leinster, had once consisted of new and handsome houses, but had been burned by the Irish some months before, and now lay in heaps of ruin. The Celtic quarter, which was in Connaught, was - old and meanly built. <a href="#linknote-91" name="linknoteref-91" - id="linknoteref-91"><small>91</small></a> The Shannon, which is the + old and meanly built. <a href="#linknote-91" id="linknoteref-91"><small>91</small></a> The Shannon, which is the boundary of the two provinces, rushed through Athlone in a deep and rapid stream, and turned two large mills which rose on the arches of a stone bridge. Above the bridge, on the Connaught side, a castle, built, it was said, by King John, towered to the height of seventy feet, and extended two hundred feet along the river. Fifty or sixty yards below the bridge - was a narrow ford. <a href="#linknote-92" name="linknoteref-92" - id="linknoteref-92"><small>92</small></a> + was a narrow ford. <a href="#linknote-92" id="linknoteref-92"><small>92</small></a> </p> <p> During the night of the nineteenth the English placed their cannon. On the @@ -2602,8 +2500,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger forced over the parapets into the waters which roared among the mill wheels below. In a few hours Ginkell had made himself master of the English quarter of Athlone; and this success had cost him only twenty men - killed and forty wounded. <a href="#linknote-93" name="linknoteref-93" - id="linknoteref-93"><small>93</small></a> + killed and forty wounded. <a href="#linknote-93" id="linknoteref-93"><small>93</small></a> </p> <p> But his work was only begun. Between him and the Irish town the Shannon @@ -2616,15 +2513,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a more unpopular man than he had been when he went thither. It was rumoured that he had, at Versailles, spoken opprobriously of the Irish nation; and he had, on this account, been, only a few days before, - publicly affronted by Sarsfield. <a href="#linknote-94" - name="linknoteref-94" id="linknoteref-94"><small>94</small></a> On the + publicly affronted by Sarsfield. <a href="#linknote-94" id="linknoteref-94"><small>94</small></a> On the twenty-first of June the English were busied in flinging up batteries along the Leinster bank. On the twenty-second, soon after dawn, the cannonade began. The firing continued all that day and all the following night. When morning broke again, one whole side of the castle had been beaten down; the thatched lanes of the Celtic town lay in ashes; and one of the mills had been burned with sixty soldiers who defended it. <a - href="#linknote-95" name="linknoteref-95" id="linknoteref-95"><small>95</small></a> + href="#linknote-95" id="linknoteref-95"><small>95</small></a> </p> <p> Still however the Irish defended the bridge resolutely. During several @@ -2643,8 +2539,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger own head quarters two or three miles from the town. He expressed his astonishment that so experienced a commander as Ginkell should persist in a hopeless enterprise. "His master ought to hang him for trying to take - Athlone; and mine ought to hang me if I lose it." <a href="#linknote-96" - name="linknoteref-96" id="linknoteref-96"><small>96</small></a> + Athlone; and mine ought to hang me if I lose it." <a href="#linknote-96" id="linknoteref-96"><small>96</small></a> </p> <p> Saint Ruth, however, was by no means at ease. He had found, to his great @@ -2669,8 +2564,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that, if he persisted in remaining where he was not wanted, the ropes of his pavilion should be cut. He, on the other hand, sent his emissaries to all the camp fires, and tried to make a party among the common soldiers - against the French general. <a href="#linknote-97" name="linknoteref-97" - id="linknoteref-97"><small>97</small></a> + against the French general. <a href="#linknote-97" id="linknoteref-97"><small>97</small></a> </p> <p> The only thing in which Tyrconnel and Saint Ruth agreed was in dreading @@ -2689,7 +2583,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of the fate of Ireland, the services of the first of Irish soldiers were not used, or were used with jealous caution, and that, if he ventured to offer a suggestion, it was received with a sneer or a frown. <a - href="#linknote-98" name="linknoteref-98" id="linknoteref-98"><small>98</small></a> + href="#linknote-98" id="linknoteref-98"><small>98</small></a> </p> <p> A great and unexpected disaster put an end to these disputes. On the @@ -2699,8 +2593,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger passage over the shattered remains of the bridge seemed almost insuperable. It was proposed to try the ford. The Duke of Wirtemberg, Talmash, and Ruvigny gave their voices in favour of this plan; and - Ginkell, with some misgivings, consented. <a href="#linknote-99" - name="linknoteref-99" id="linknoteref-99"><small>99</small></a> + Ginkell, with some misgivings, consented. <a href="#linknote-99" id="linknoteref-99"><small>99</small></a> </p> <p> It was determined that the attempt should be made that very afternoon. The @@ -2740,8 +2633,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger arches of the bridge and pontoons laid on the river, without any opposition on the part of the terrified garrison. With the loss of twelve men killed and about thirty wounded the English had, in a few minutes, - forced their way into Connaught. <a href="#linknote-100" - name="linknoteref-100" id="linknoteref-100"><small>100</small></a> + forced their way into Connaught. <a href="#linknote-100" id="linknoteref-100"><small>100</small></a> </p> <p> At the first alarm D'Usson hastened towards the river; but he was met, @@ -2753,8 +2645,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Galway. At dawn the English saw far off, from the top of King John's ruined castle, the Irish army moving through the dreary region which separates the Shannon from the Suck. Before noon the rearguard had - disappeared. <a href="#linknote-101" name="linknoteref-101" - id="linknoteref-101"><small>101</small></a> + disappeared. <a href="#linknote-101" id="linknoteref-101"><small>101</small></a> </p> <p> Even before the loss of Athlone the Celtic camp had been distracted by @@ -2780,12 +2671,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had done his duty bravely. He had stood while his men fled. He had consequently fallen into the hands of the enemy; and he was now, in his absence, slandered by those to whom his captivity was justly imputable. <a - href="#linknote-102" name="linknoteref-102" id="linknoteref-102"><small>102</small></a> + href="#linknote-102" id="linknoteref-102"><small>102</small></a> On which side the truth lay it is not easy, at this distance of time, to pronounce. The cry against Tyrconnel was, at the moment, so loud, that he gave way and sullenly retired to Limerick. D'Usson, who had not yet recovered from the hurts inflicted by his own runaway troops, repaired to - Galway. <a href="#linknote-103" name="linknoteref-103" id="linknoteref-103"><small>103</small></a> + Galway. <a href="#linknote-103" id="linknoteref-103"><small>103</small></a> </p> <p> Saint Ruth, now left in undisputed possession of the supreme command, was @@ -2802,8 +2693,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger horse, get in the rear of the enemy, and cut off his supplies. If he advances into Connaught, let us overrun Leinster. If he sits down before Galway, which may well be defended, let us make a push for Dublin, which - is altogether defenceless." <a href="#linknote-104" name="linknoteref-104" - id="linknoteref-104"><small>104</small></a> Saint Ruth might, perhaps, + is altogether defenceless." <a href="#linknote-104" id="linknoteref-104"><small>104</small></a> Saint Ruth might, perhaps, have thought this advice good, if his judgment had not been biassed by his passions. But he was smarting from the pain of a humiliating defeat. In sight of his tent, the English had passed a rapid river, and had stormed a @@ -2833,7 +2723,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger life and fame on the valour of the despised race, he became another man. During the few days which remained to him he exerted himself to win by indulgence and caresses the hearts of all who were under his command. <a - href="#linknote-105" name="linknoteref-105" id="linknoteref-105"><small>105</small></a> + href="#linknote-105" id="linknoteref-105"><small>105</small></a> He, at the same time, administered to his troops moral stimulants of the most potent kind. He was a zealous Roman Catholic; and it is probable that the severity with which he had treated the Protestants of his own country @@ -2849,8 +2739,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and their honour. Unhappy events, too widely celebrated, had brought a reproach on the national character. Irish soldiership was every where mentioned with a sneer. If they wished to retrieve the fame of their - country, this was the time and this the place. <a href="#linknote-106" - name="linknoteref-106" id="linknoteref-106"><small>106</small></a> + country, this was the time and this the place. <a href="#linknote-106" id="linknoteref-106"><small>106</small></a> </p> <p> The spot on which he had determined to bring the fate of Ireland to issue @@ -2886,8 +2775,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger ground, made their way, sinking deep in mud at every step, to the Irish works. But those works were defended with a resolution such as extorted some words of ungracious eulogy even from men who entertained the - strongest prejudices against the Celtic race. <a href="#linknote-107" - name="linknoteref-107" id="linknoteref-107"><small>107</small></a> Again + strongest prejudices against the Celtic race. <a href="#linknote-107" id="linknoteref-107"><small>107</small></a> Again and again the assailants were driven back. Again and again they returned to the struggle. Once they were broken, and chased across the morass; but Talmash rallied them, and forced the pursuers to retire. The fight had @@ -2946,8 +2834,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Irish who fell was not less than seven thousand. Soon a multitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage. These beasts became so fierce, and acquired such a taste for human flesh, that it was long dangerous for men - to travel this road otherwise than in companies. <a href="#linknote-108" - name="linknoteref-108" id="linknoteref-108"><small>108</small></a> + to travel this road otherwise than in companies. <a href="#linknote-108" id="linknoteref-108"><small>108</small></a> </p> <p> The beaten army had now lost all the appearance of an army, and resembled @@ -2956,8 +2843,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger both cities were covered with weapons which had been flung away. Ginkell offered sixpence for every musket. In a short time so many waggon loads were collected that he reduced the price to twopence; and still great - numbers of muskets came in. <a href="#linknote-109" name="linknoteref-109" - id="linknoteref-109"><small>109</small></a> + numbers of muskets came in. <a href="#linknote-109" id="linknoteref-109"><small>109</small></a> </p> <p> The conquerors marched first against Galway. D'Usson was there, and had @@ -2983,8 +2869,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to fight under the O'Donnel against their own language and their own religion. With a small body of these devoted adherents, he joined a division of the English army, and on several occasions did useful service - to William. <a href="#linknote-110" name="linknoteref-110" - id="linknoteref-110"><small>110</small></a> + to William. <a href="#linknote-110" id="linknoteref-110"><small>110</small></a> </p> <p> When it was known that no succour was to be expected from the hero whose @@ -2999,7 +2884,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger received with profound respect by the Mayor and Aldermen, and was complimented in a set speech by the Recorder. D'Usson, with about two thousand three hundred men, marched unmolested to Limerick. <a - href="#linknote-111" name="linknoteref-111" id="linknoteref-111"><small>111</small></a> + href="#linknote-111" id="linknoteref-111"><small>111</small></a> </p> <p> At Limerick, the last asylum of the vanquished race, the authority of @@ -3010,8 +2895,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger disaster could be imputed to the Viceroy. His opinion indeed had been against trying the chances of a pitched field, and he could with some plausibility assert that the neglect of his counsels had caused the ruin - of Ireland. <a href="#linknote-112" name="linknoteref-112" - id="linknoteref-112"><small>112</small></a> + of Ireland. <a href="#linknote-112" id="linknoteref-112"><small>112</small></a> </p> <p> He made some preparations for defending Limerick, repaired the @@ -3038,8 +2922,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger struggle till he could receive from Saint Germains permission to treat. He wrote to request that permission, and prevailed, with some difficulty, on his desponding countrymen to bind themselves by an oath not to capitulate - till an answer from James should arrive. <a href="#linknote-113" - name="linknoteref-113" id="linknoteref-113"><small>113</small></a> + till an answer from James should arrive. <a href="#linknote-113" id="linknoteref-113"><small>113</small></a> </p> <p> A few days after the oath had been administered, Tyrconnel was no more. On @@ -3051,7 +2934,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger he breathed his last. The wasted remains of that form which had once been a model for statuaries were laid under the pavement of the Cathedral; but no inscription, no tradition, preserves the memory of the spot. <a - href="#linknote-114" name="linknoteref-114" id="linknoteref-114"><small>114</small></a> + href="#linknote-114" id="linknoteref-114"><small>114</small></a> </p> <p> As soon as the Lord Lieutenant was no more, Plowden, who had superintended @@ -3064,8 +2947,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger forbade the Lords justices to interfere in the conduct of the war; and, within the narrow space to which the dominions of James were now reduced, war was the only business. The government was, therefore, really in the - hands of D'Usson and Sarsfield. <a href="#linknote-115" - name="linknoteref-115" id="linknoteref-115"><small>115</small></a> + hands of D'Usson and Sarsfield. <a href="#linknote-115" id="linknoteref-115"><small>115</small></a> </p> <p> On the day on which Tyrconnel died, the advanced guard of the English army @@ -3075,8 +2957,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger forced to use, played day and night; and soon roofs were blazing and walls crashing in every corner of the city. Whole streets were reduced to ashes. Meanwhile several English ships of war came up the Shannon and anchored - about a mile below the city. <a href="#linknote-116" name="linknoteref-116" - id="linknoteref-116"><small>116</small></a> + about a mile below the city. <a href="#linknote-116" id="linknoteref-116"><small>116</small></a> </p> <p> Still the place held out; the garrison was, in numerical strength, little @@ -3101,8 +2982,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger as could be collected in that moment of panic, retired to the hills. Much beef, brandy and harness was found in the magazines; and the marshy plain of the Shannon was covered with firelocks and grenades which the fugitives - had thrown away. <a href="#linknote-117" name="linknoteref-117" - id="linknoteref-117"><small>117</small></a> + had thrown away. <a href="#linknote-117" id="linknoteref-117"><small>117</small></a> </p> <p> The conquerors returned in triumph to their camp. But Ginkell was not @@ -3120,8 +3000,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger be immediately restrained; and no prisoners were made till the heaps of corpses rose above the parapets. The garrison of the fort had consisted of about eight hundred men. Of these only a hundred and twenty escaped into - Limerick. <a href="#linknote-118" name="linknoteref-118" - id="linknoteref-118"><small>118</small></a> + Limerick. <a href="#linknote-118" id="linknoteref-118"><small>118</small></a> </p> <p> This disaster seemed likely to produce a general mutiny in the besieged @@ -3130,19 +3009,17 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger superiors were forced to promise that he should be brought before a court martial. Happily for him, he had received a mortal wound, in the act of closing the Thomond Gate, and was saved by a soldier's death from the fury - of the multitude. <a href="#linknote-119" name="linknoteref-119" - id="linknoteref-119"><small>119</small></a> The cry for capitulation + of the multitude. <a href="#linknote-119" id="linknoteref-119"><small>119</small></a> The cry for capitulation became so loud and importunate that the generals could not resist it. D'Usson informed his government that the fight at the bridge had so effectually cowed the spirit of the garrison that it was impossible to - continue the struggle. <a href="#linknote-120" name="linknoteref-120" - id="linknoteref-120"><small>120</small></a> Some exception may perhaps be + continue the struggle. <a href="#linknote-120" id="linknoteref-120"><small>120</small></a> Some exception may perhaps be taken to the evidence of D'Usson; for undoubtedly he, like every Frenchman who had held any command in the Irish army, was weary of his banishment, and impatient to see Paris again. But it is certain that even Sarsfield had lost heart. Up to this time his voice had been for stubborn resistance. He was now not only willing, but impatient to treat. <a - href="#linknote-121" name="linknoteref-121" id="linknoteref-121"><small>121</small></a> + href="#linknote-121" id="linknoteref-121"><small>121</small></a> It seemed to him that the city was doomed. There was no hope of succour, domestic or foreign. In every part of Ireland the Saxons had set their feet on the necks of the natives. Sligo had fallen. Even those wild @@ -3150,8 +3027,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Galway had acknowledged the authority of William. The men of Kerry, reputed the fiercest and most ungovernable part of the aboriginal population, had held out long, but had at length been routed, and chased - to their woods and mountains. <a href="#linknote-122" - name="linknoteref-122" id="linknoteref-122"><small>122</small></a> A + to their woods and mountains. <a href="#linknote-122" id="linknoteref-122"><small>122</small></a> A French fleet, if a French fleet were now to arrive on the coast of Munster, would find the mouth of the Shannon guarded by English men of war. The stock of provisions within Limerick was already running low. If @@ -3172,8 +3048,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger interview. The brave Frenchman who was an exile on account of his attachment to one religion, and the brave Irishman who was about to become an exile on account of his attachment to another, met and conferred, - doubtless with mutual sympathy and respect. <a href="#linknote-123" - name="linknoteref-123" id="linknoteref-123"><small>123</small></a> + doubtless with mutual sympathy and respect. <a href="#linknote-123" id="linknoteref-123"><small>123</small></a> Ginkell, to whom Ruvigny reported what had passed, willingly consented to an armistice. For, constant as his success had been, it had not made him secure. The chances were greatly on his side. Yet it was possible that an @@ -3206,8 +3081,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had elapsed. Every avenue leading to the city was strictly guarded by the enemy. His Majesty's faithful subjects, by holding out till it had become impossible for him to signify his pleasure to them, had acted up to the - spirit of their promise. <a href="#linknote-124" name="linknoteref-124" - id="linknoteref-124"><small>124</small></a> + spirit of their promise. <a href="#linknote-124" id="linknoteref-124"><small>124</small></a> </p> <p> The next question was what terms should be demanded. A paper, containing @@ -3218,8 +3092,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger perfect freedom of worship should be allowed to the native population, that every parish should have its priest, and that Irish Roman Catholics should be capable of holding all offices, civil and military, and of - enjoying all municipal privileges. <a href="#linknote-125" - name="linknoteref-125" id="linknoteref-125"><small>125</small></a> + enjoying all municipal privileges. <a href="#linknote-125" id="linknoteref-125"><small>125</small></a> </p> <p> Ginkell knew little of the laws and feelings of the English; but he had @@ -3257,7 +3130,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger our luck with you again." He was doubtless thinking of the day on which he had seen the two Sovereigns at the head of two great armies, William foremost in the charge, and James foremost in the flight. <a - href="#linknote-126" name="linknoteref-126" id="linknoteref-126"><small>126</small></a> + href="#linknote-126" id="linknoteref-126"><small>126</small></a> </p> <p> On the first of October, Coningsby and Porter arrived at the English @@ -3265,8 +3138,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger great length and definitely settled. On the third they were signed. They were divided into two parts, a military treaty and a civil treaty. The former was subscribed only by the generals on both sides. The Lords - justices set their names to the latter. <a href="#linknote-127" - name="linknoteref-127" id="linknoteref-127"><small>127</small></a> + justices set their names to the latter. <a href="#linknote-127" id="linknoteref-127"><small>127</small></a> </p> <p> By the military treaty it was agreed that such Irish officers and soldiers @@ -3300,15 +3172,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger have committed during the three years of confusion. This was more than the Lords justices were constitutionally competent to grant. It was therefore added that the government would use its utmost endeavours to obtain a - Parliamentary ratification of the treaty. <a href="#linknote-128" - name="linknoteref-128" id="linknoteref-128"><small>128</small></a> + Parliamentary ratification of the treaty. <a href="#linknote-128" id="linknoteref-128"><small>128</small></a> </p> <p> As soon as the two instruments had been signed, the English entered the city, and occupied one quarter of it. A narrow, but deep branch of the Shannon separated them from the quarter which was still in the possession - of the Irish. <a href="#linknote-129" name="linknoteref-129" - id="linknoteref-129"><small>129</small></a> + of the Irish. <a href="#linknote-129" id="linknoteref-129"><small>129</small></a> </p> <p> In a few hours a dispute arose which seemed likely to produce a renewal of @@ -3326,8 +3196,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger said Sarsfield, at last: "I am in your power." "Not at all in my power," said Ginkell, "go back and do your worst." The imprisoned officer was liberated; a sanguinary contest was averted; and the two commanders - contented themselves with a war of words. <a href="#linknote-130" - name="linknoteref-130" id="linknoteref-130"><small>130</small></a> Ginkell + contented themselves with a war of words. <a href="#linknote-130" id="linknoteref-130"><small>130</small></a> Ginkell put forth proclamations assuring the Irish that, if they would live quietly in their own land, they should be protected and favoured, and that if they preferred a military life, they should be admitted into the @@ -3350,8 +3219,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger announce their determination, the priests were indefatigable in exhorting. At the head of every regiment a sermon was preached on the duty of adhering to the cause of the Church, and on the sin and danger of - consorting with unbelievers. <a href="#linknote-131" name="linknoteref-131" - id="linknoteref-131"><small>131</small></a> Whoever, it was said, should + consorting with unbelievers. <a href="#linknote-131" id="linknoteref-131"><small>131</small></a> Whoever, it was said, should enter the service of the usurpers would do so at the peril of his soul. The heretics affirmed that, after the peroration, a plentiful allowance of brandy was served out to the audience, and that, when the brandy had been @@ -3373,8 +3241,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger shoe or a stocking, presented so ludicrous a contrast to the orderly and brilliant appearance of their master's troops, that they amused themselves by wondering what the Parisians would say to see such a force mustered on - the plain of Grenelle. <a href="#linknote-132" name="linknoteref-132" - id="linknoteref-132"><small>132</small></a> + the plain of Grenelle. <a href="#linknote-132" id="linknoteref-132"><small>132</small></a> </p> <p> First marched what was called the Royal regiment, fourteen hundred strong. @@ -3385,8 +3252,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger an antipathy between the Celts of Ulster and those of the other three provinces; nor is it improbable that the example and influence of Baldearg O'Donnel may have had some effect on the people of the land which his - forefathers had ruled. <a href="#linknote-133" name="linknoteref-133" - id="linknoteref-133"><small>133</small></a> In most of the regiments there + forefathers had ruled. <a href="#linknote-133" id="linknoteref-133"><small>133</small></a> In most of the regiments there was a division of opinion; but a great majority declared for France. Henry Luttrell was one of those who turned off. He was rewarded for his desertion, and perhaps for other services, with a grant of the large @@ -3396,16 +3262,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger wealth, luxury and infamy, during a quarter of a century, Henry Luttrell was murdered while going through Dublin in his sedan chair; and the Irish House of Commons declared that there was reason to suspect that he had - fallen by the revenge of the Papists. <a href="#linknote-134" - name="linknoteref-134" id="linknoteref-134"><small>134</small></a> Eighty + fallen by the revenge of the Papists. <a href="#linknote-134" id="linknoteref-134"><small>134</small></a> Eighty years after his death his grave near Luttrellstown was violated by the descendants of those whom he had betrayed, and his skull was broken to - pieces with a pickaxe. <a href="#linknote-135" name="linknoteref-135" - id="linknoteref-135"><small>135</small></a> The deadly hatred of which he + pieces with a pickaxe. <a href="#linknote-135" id="linknoteref-135"><small>135</small></a> The deadly hatred of which he was the object descended to his son and to his grandson; and, unhappily, nothing in the character either of his son or of his grandson tended to mitigate the feeling which the name of Luttrell excited. <a - href="#linknote-136" name="linknoteref-136" id="linknoteref-136"><small>136</small></a> + href="#linknote-136" id="linknoteref-136"><small>136</small></a> </p> <p> When the long procession had closed, it was found that about a thousand @@ -3414,7 +3278,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger returned with Sarsfield to the city. A few hours after the garrison had passed in review, the horse, who were encamped some miles from the town, were required to make their choice; and most of them volunteered for - France. <a href="#linknote-137" name="linknoteref-137" id="linknoteref-137"><small>137</small></a> + France. <a href="#linknote-137" id="linknoteref-137"><small>137</small></a> </p> <p> Sarsfield considered the troops who remained with him as under an @@ -3461,8 +3325,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger country to which they had been banished. The effect of those reports was that hundreds, who had long persisted in their intention of emigrating, refused at the last moment to go on board, threw down their arms, and - returned to their native villages. <a href="#linknote-138" - name="linknoteref-138" id="linknoteref-138"><small>138</small></a> + returned to their native villages. <a href="#linknote-138" id="linknoteref-138"><small>138</small></a> </p> <p> Sarsfield perceived that one chief cause of the desertion which was @@ -3490,8 +3353,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the stern Cromwellian, now at length, after a desperate struggle of three years, left the undisputed lord of the bloodstained and devastated island, could not hear unmoved that bitter cry, in which was poured forth all the - rage and all the sorrow of a conquered nation. <a href="#linknote-139" - name="linknoteref-139" id="linknoteref-139"><small>139</small></a> + rage and all the sorrow of a conquered nation. <a href="#linknote-139" id="linknoteref-139"><small>139</small></a> </p> <p> The sails disappeared. The emaciated and brokenhearted crowd of those whom @@ -3525,8 +3387,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger drank the glorious and immortal memory. In his palace at Madrid he had the pleasure of being assiduously courted by the ambassador of George the Second, and of bidding defiance in high terms to the ambassador of George - the Third. <a href="#linknote-140" name="linknoteref-140" - id="linknoteref-140"><small>140</small></a> Scattered over all Europe were + the Third. <a href="#linknote-140" id="linknoteref-140"><small>140</small></a> Scattered over all Europe were to be found brave Irish generals, dexterous Irish diplomatists, Irish Counts, Irish Barons, Irish Knights of Saint Lewis and of Saint Leopold, of the White Eagle and of the Golden Fleece, who, if they had remained in @@ -3535,7 +3396,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger race, having been withdrawn, what remained was utterly helpless and passive. A rising of the Irishry against the Englishry was no more to be apprehended than a rising of the women and children against the men. <a - href="#linknote-141" name="linknoteref-141" id="linknoteref-141"><small>141</small></a> + href="#linknote-141" id="linknoteref-141"><small>141</small></a> </p> <p> There were indeed, in those days, fierce disputes between the mother @@ -3563,8 +3424,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger administration of Lord Harrington. Boyle overthrew the administration of the Duke of Dorset. But neither Molyneux nor Swift, neither Lucas nor Boyle, ever thought of appealing to the native population. They would as - soon have thought of appealing to the swine. <a href="#linknote-142" - name="linknoteref-142" id="linknoteref-142"><small>142</small></a> At a + soon have thought of appealing to the swine. <a href="#linknote-142" id="linknoteref-142"><small>142</small></a> At a later period Henry Flood excited the dominant class to demand a Parliamentary reform, and to use even revolutionary means for the purpose of obtaining that reform. But neither he, nor those who looked up to him @@ -3580,8 +3440,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger generally proportioned to the zeal which he professed for political liberty in the abstract. If he uttered any expression of compassion for the majority oppressed by the minority, he might be safely set down as a - bigoted Tory and High Churchman. <a href="#linknote-143" - name="linknoteref-143" id="linknoteref-143"><small>143</small></a> + bigoted Tory and High Churchman. <a href="#linknote-143" id="linknoteref-143"><small>143</small></a> </p> <p> All this time hatred, kept down by fear, festered in the hearts of the @@ -3640,16 +3499,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger into one people! </p> <p> - <a name="link2HCH0002" id="link2HCH0002"> + <a id="link2HCH0002"> <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> CHAPTER XVIII </h2> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> Opening of the Parliament—Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men—Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland—Debates on the East India Trade—Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases @@ -3671,8 +3530,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </pre> <p> ON the nineteenth of October 1691, William arrived at Kensington from the - Netherlands. <a href="#linknote-144" name="linknoteref-144" - id="linknoteref-144"><small>144</small></a> Three days later he opened the + Netherlands. <a href="#linknote-144" id="linknoteref-144"><small>144</small></a> Three days later he opened the Parliament. The aspect of affairs was, on the whole, cheering. By land there had been gains and losses; but the balance was in favour of England. Against the fall of Mons might well be set off the taking of Athlone, the @@ -3694,14 +3552,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger merchantmen from the Levant, valued at four millions sterling, had, through dangers which had caused many sleepless nights to the underwriters of Lombard Street, been convoyed safe into the Thames. <a - href="#linknote-145" name="linknoteref-145" id="linknoteref-145"><small>145</small></a> + href="#linknote-145" id="linknoteref-145"><small>145</small></a> The Lords and Commons listened with signs of satisfaction to a speech in which the King congratulated them on the event of the war in Ireland, and expressed his confidence that they would continue to support him in the war with France. He told them that a great naval armament would be necessary, and that, in his opinion, the conflict by land could not be effectually maintained with less than sixty-five thousand men. <a - href="#linknote-146" name="linknoteref-146" id="linknoteref-146"><small>146</small></a> + href="#linknote-146" id="linknoteref-146"><small>146</small></a> </p> <p> He was thanked in affectionate terms; the force which he asked was voted; @@ -3732,14 +3590,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger before looked up to him as one of their leaders. He had left them; he had become a courtier; he had two good places, one in the Treasury, the other in the household. He had recently received from the King's own hand a - gratuity of two thousand guineas. <a href="#linknote-147" - name="linknoteref-147" id="linknoteref-147"><small>147</small></a> It + gratuity of two thousand guineas. <a href="#linknote-147" id="linknoteref-147"><small>147</small></a> It seemed perfectly natural that he should defend abuses by which he profited. The taunts and reproaches with which he was assailed were insupportable to his sensitive nature. He lost his head, almost fainted away on the floor of the House, and talked about righting himself in - another place. <a href="#linknote-148" name="linknoteref-148" - id="linknoteref-148"><small>148</small></a> Unfortunately no member rose + another place. <a href="#linknote-148" id="linknoteref-148"><small>148</small></a> Unfortunately no member rose at this conjuncture to propose that the civil establishment of the kingdom should be carefully revised, that sinecures should be abolished, that exorbitant official incomes should be reduced, and that no servant of the @@ -3753,7 +3609,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger no person employed in any civil office, the Speaker, Judges and Ambassadors excepted, should receive more than five hundred pounds a year; and this motion was not only carried, but carried without one dissentient - voice. <a href="#linknote-149" name="linknoteref-149" id="linknoteref-149"><small>149</small></a> + voice. <a href="#linknote-149" id="linknoteref-149"><small>149</small></a> </p> <p> Those who were most interested in opposing it doubtless saw that @@ -3780,8 +3636,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger without a division; and the subject was not again mentioned. Thus a grievance so scandalous that none of those who profited by it dared to defend it was perpetuated merely by the imbecility and intemperance of - those who attacked it. <a href="#linknote-150" name="linknoteref-150" - id="linknoteref-150"><small>150</small></a> + those who attacked it. <a href="#linknote-150" id="linknoteref-150"><small>150</small></a> </p> <p> Early in the Session the Treaty of Limerick became the subject of a grave @@ -3821,8 +3676,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger appeal was one which no honest man, though inflamed by national and religious animosity, could resist. The Commons reconsidered the subject, and, after hearing the Treaty read, agreed, with some slight - modifications, to what the Lords had proposed. <a href="#linknote-151" - name="linknoteref-151" id="linknoteref-151"><small>151</small></a> + modifications, to what the Lords had proposed. <a href="#linknote-151" id="linknoteref-151"><small>151</small></a> </p> <p> The bill became a law. It attracted, at the time, little notice, but was, @@ -3874,8 +3728,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger compass of the Jacobite literature; and that it would have been reserved for politicians of the nineteenth century to discover that a treaty made in the seventeenth century had, a few weeks after it had been signed, been - outrageously violated in the sight of all Europe? <a href="#linknote-152" - name="linknoteref-152" id="linknoteref-152"><small>152</small></a> + outrageously violated in the sight of all Europe? <a href="#linknote-152" id="linknoteref-152"><small>152</small></a> </p> <p> On the same day on which the Commons read for the first time the bill @@ -3942,12 +3795,10 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger however, were made, and, unfortunately, were not very clearly defined. It was especially provided that every Society of Merchants which had been instituted for the purpose of carrying on any trade should retain all its - legal privileges. <a href="#linknote-153" name="linknoteref-153" - id="linknoteref-153"><small>153</small></a> The question whether a + legal privileges. <a href="#linknote-153" id="linknoteref-153"><small>153</small></a> The question whether a monopoly granted by the Crown to such a company were or were not a legal privilege was left unsettled, and continued to exercise, during many - years, the ingenuity of lawyers. <a href="#linknote-154" - name="linknoteref-154" id="linknoteref-154"><small>154</small></a> The + years, the ingenuity of lawyers. <a href="#linknote-154" id="linknoteref-154"><small>154</small></a> The nation, however, relieved at once from a multitude of impositions and vexations which were painfully felt every day at every fireside, was in no humour to dispute the validity of the charters under which a few companies @@ -4008,8 +3859,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger fashion. This drama, once rapturously applauded by crowded theatres, and known by heart to fine gentlemen and fine ladies, is now forgotten. But one noble passage still lives, and is repeated by thousands who know not - whence it comes. <a href="#linknote-155" name="linknoteref-155" - id="linknoteref-155"><small>155</small></a> + whence it comes. <a href="#linknote-155" id="linknoteref-155"><small>155</small></a> </p> <p> Though nothing yet indicated the high political destiny of the East India @@ -4021,7 +3871,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger which represented a fleet of merchantmen tossing on the waves. The whole edifice was surmounted by a colossal wooden seaman, who, from between two dolphins, looked down on the crowds of Leadenhall Street. <a - href="#linknote-156" name="linknoteref-156" id="linknoteref-156"><small>156</small></a> + href="#linknote-156" id="linknoteref-156"><small>156</small></a> In this abode, narrow and humble indeed when compared with the vast labyrinth of passages and chambers which now bears the same name, the Company enjoyed, during the greater part of the reign of Charles the @@ -4038,11 +3888,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger unprecedented demand for the ingredients of which gunpowder is compounded. It was calculated that all Europe would hardly produce in a year saltpetre enough for the siege of one town fortified on the principles of Vauban. <a - href="#linknote-157" name="linknoteref-157" id="linknoteref-157"><small>157</small></a> + href="#linknote-157" id="linknoteref-157"><small>157</small></a> But for the supplies from India, it was said, the English government would be unable to equip a fleet without digging up the cellars of London in order to collect the nitrous particles from the walls. <a - href="#linknote-158" name="linknoteref-158" id="linknoteref-158"><small>158</small></a> + href="#linknote-158" id="linknoteref-158"><small>158</small></a> Before the Restoration scarcely one ship from the Thames had ever visited the Delta of the Ganges. But, during the twenty-three years which followed the Restoration, the value of the annual imports from that rich and @@ -4063,8 +3913,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger price in the market was only seventy. But in 1677 the price had risen to two hundred and forty-five; in 1681 it was three hundred; it subsequently rose to three hundred and sixty; and it is said that some sales were - effected at five hundred. <a href="#linknote-159" name="linknoteref-159" - id="linknoteref-159"><small>159</small></a> + effected at five hundred. <a href="#linknote-159" id="linknoteref-159"><small>159</small></a> </p> <p> The enormous gains of the Indian trade might perhaps have excited little @@ -4075,8 +3924,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger hands of a few merchants of enormous wealth. A proprietor then had a vote for every five hundred pounds of stock that stood in his name. It is asserted in the pamphlets of that age that five persons had a sixth part, - and fourteen persons a third part of the votes. <a href="#linknote-160" - name="linknoteref-160" id="linknoteref-160"><small>160</small></a> More + and fourteen persons a third part of the votes. <a href="#linknote-160" id="linknoteref-160"><small>160</small></a> More than one fortunate speculator was said to derive an annual income of ten thousand pounds from the monopoly; and one great man was pointed out on the Royal Exchange as having, by judicious or lucky purchases of stock, @@ -4101,7 +3949,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger excavating fishponds, and in planting whole square miles of barren land with walnut trees. He married his daughter to the eldest son of the Duke of Beaufort, and paid down with her a portion of fifty thousand pounds. <a - href="#linknote-161" name="linknoteref-161" id="linknoteref-161"><small>161</small></a> + href="#linknote-161" id="linknoteref-161"><small>161</small></a> </p> <p> But this wonderful prosperity was not uninterrupted. Towards the close of @@ -4122,13 +3970,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the directing committee were some of the most vehement Exclusionists in the City. Indeed two of them, Sir Samuel Barnardistone and Thomas Papillon, drew on themselves a severe persecution by their zeal against - Popery and arbitrary power. <a href="#linknote-162" name="linknoteref-162" - id="linknoteref-162"><small>162</small></a> Child had been originally + Popery and arbitrary power. <a href="#linknote-162" id="linknoteref-162"><small>162</small></a> Child had been originally brought into the direction by these men; he had long acted in concert with them; and he was supposed to hold their political opinions. He had, during many years, stood high in the esteem of the chiefs of the parliamentary opposition, and had been especially obnoxious to the Duke of York. <a - href="#linknote-163" name="linknoteref-163" id="linknoteref-163"><small>163</small></a> + href="#linknote-163" id="linknoteref-163"><small>163</small></a> The interlopers therefore determined to affect the character of loyal men, who were determined to stand by the throne against the insolent tribunes of the City. They spread, at all the factories in the East, reports that @@ -4144,8 +3991,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger proclaimed that they held the island for the Crown. At Saint Helena there was a rising. The insurgents took the name of King's men, and displayed the royal standard. They were, not without difficulty, put down; and some - of them were executed by martial law. <a href="#linknote-164" - name="linknoteref-164" id="linknoteref-164"><small>164</small></a> + of them were executed by martial law. <a href="#linknote-164" id="linknoteref-164"><small>164</small></a> </p> <p> If the Company had still been a Whig Company when the news of these @@ -4162,7 +4008,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger House. Child, who was then Governor, or, in the modern phrase, Chairman, separated himself from his old friends, excluded them from the direction, and negotiated a treaty of peace and of close alliance with the Court. <a - href="#linknote-165" name="linknoteref-165" id="linknoteref-165"><small>165</small></a> + href="#linknote-165" id="linknoteref-165"><small>165</small></a> It is not improbable that the near connection into which he had just entered with the great Tory house of Beaufort may have had something to do with this change in his politics. Papillon, Barnardistone, and their @@ -4179,7 +4025,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger stock. All who could help or hurt at Court, ministers, mistresses, priests, were kept in good humour by presents of shawls and silks, birds' nests and atar of roses, bulses of diamonds and bags of guineas. <a - href="#linknote-166" name="linknoteref-166" id="linknoteref-166"><small>166</small></a> + href="#linknote-166" id="linknoteref-166"><small>166</small></a> Of what the Dictator expended no account was asked by his colleagues; and in truth he seems to have deserved the confidence which they reposed in him. His bribes, distributed with judicious prodigality, speedily produced @@ -4190,7 +4036,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger confirmed and extended all the privileges bestowed on the Company by his predecessors. All captains of Indiamen received commissions from the Crown, and were permitted to hoist the royal ensigns. <a - href="#linknote-167" name="linknoteref-167" id="linknoteref-167"><small>167</small></a> + href="#linknote-167" id="linknoteref-167"><small>167</small></a> John Child, brother of Sir Josiah, and Governor of Bombay, was created a baronet by the style of Sir John Child of Surat: he was declared General of all the English forces in the East; and he was authorised to assume the @@ -4198,8 +4044,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger among many servile corporations by obsequious homage to the throne, and set to all the merchants of the kingdom the example of readily and even eagerly paying those customs which James, at the commencement of his - reign, exacted without the authority of Parliament. <a href="#linknote-168" - name="linknoteref-168" id="linknoteref-168"><small>168</small></a> + reign, exacted without the authority of Parliament. <a href="#linknote-168" id="linknoteref-168"><small>168</small></a> </p> <p> It seemed that the private trade would now be utterly crushed, and that @@ -4230,7 +4075,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger at the palace gate, stopped the Great King who was in the act of mounting on horseback, and, lifting a petition high in the air, demanded justice in the name of the common God of Christians and Mussulmans. <a - href="#linknote-169" name="linknoteref-169" id="linknoteref-169"><small>169</small></a> + href="#linknote-169" id="linknoteref-169"><small>169</small></a> Whether Aurengzebe paid much attention to the charges brought by infidel Franks against each other may be doubted. But it is certain that a complete rupture took place between his deputies and the servants of the @@ -4256,11 +4101,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Whig House of Commons, which had just placed William and Mary on the throne. No voice was louder in accusation than that of Papillon, who had, some years before, been more zealous for the charter than any man in - London. <a href="#linknote-170" name="linknoteref-170" id="linknoteref-170"><small>170</small></a> + London. <a href="#linknote-170" id="linknoteref-170"><small>170</small></a> The Commons censured in severe terms the persons who had inflicted death by martial law at Saint Helena, and even resolved that some of those offenders should be excluded from the Act of Indemnity. <a - href="#linknote-171" name="linknoteref-171" id="linknoteref-171"><small>171</small></a> + href="#linknote-171" id="linknoteref-171"><small>171</small></a> The great question, how the trade with the East should for the future be carried on, was referred to a Committee. The report was to have been made on the twenty-seventh of January 1690; but on that very day the Parliament @@ -4276,8 +4121,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Cromwell, to the King of France, to Goliath of Gath, to the Devil. It was vehemently declared to be necessary that, in any Act which might be passed for the regulation of our traffic with the Eastern seas, Sir Josiah should - be by name excluded from all trust. <a href="#linknote-172" - name="linknoteref-172" id="linknoteref-172"><small>172</small></a> + be by name excluded from all trust. <a href="#linknote-172" id="linknoteref-172"><small>172</small></a> </p> <p> There were, however, great differences of opinion among those who agreed @@ -4302,7 +4146,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Act which required that the dead should be wrapped in woollen; and some sanguine clothiers hoped that the legislature would, by excluding all Indian textures from our ports, impose the same necessity on the living. - <a href="#linknote-173" name="linknoteref-173" id="linknoteref-173"><small>173</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-173" id="linknoteref-173"><small>173</small></a> </p> <p> But this feeling was confined to a minority. The public was, indeed, @@ -4319,8 +4163,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger general law, they asked why the commerce between England and India was to be considered as an exception to that law. Any trader ought, they said, to be permitted to send from any port a cargo to Surat or Canton as freely as - he now sent a cargo to Hamburg or Lisbon. <a href="#linknote-174" - name="linknoteref-174" id="linknoteref-174"><small>174</small></a> In our + he now sent a cargo to Hamburg or Lisbon. <a href="#linknote-174" id="linknoteref-174"><small>174</small></a> In our time these doctrines may probably be considered, not only as sound, but as trite and obvious. In the seventeenth century, however, they were thought paradoxical. It was then generally held to be a certain, and indeed an @@ -4367,8 +4210,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger French King. The headquarters of the younger association were in Dowgate; the Skinners lent their stately hall; and the meetings were held in a parlour renowned for the fragrance which exhaled from a magnificent - wainscot of cedar. <a href="#linknote-175" name="linknoteref-175" - id="linknoteref-175"><small>175</small></a> + wainscot of cedar. <a href="#linknote-175" id="linknoteref-175"><small>175</small></a> </p> <p> While the contention was hottest, important news arrived from India, and @@ -4389,22 +4231,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger occurred so seasonably that these commands could not be obeyed. But it was only too evident that the pacification which the rulers of the India House had represented as advantageous and honourable had really been effected on - terms disgraceful to the English name. <a href="#linknote-176" - name="linknoteref-176" id="linknoteref-176"><small>176</small></a> + terms disgraceful to the English name. <a href="#linknote-176" id="linknoteref-176"><small>176</small></a> </p> <p> During the summer of 1691, the controversy which raged on this subject between the Leadenhall Street Company and the Dowgate Company kept the City in constant agitation. In the autumn, the Parliament had no sooner met than both the contending parties presented petitions to the House of - Commons. <a href="#linknote-177" name="linknoteref-177" - id="linknoteref-177"><small>177</small></a> The petitions were immediately + Commons. <a href="#linknote-177" id="linknoteref-177"><small>177</small></a> The petitions were immediately taken into serious consideration, and resolutions of grave importance were passed. The first resolution was that the trade with the East Indies was beneficial to the kingdom; the second was that the trade with the East Indies would be best carried on by a joint stock company possessed of - exclusive privileges. <a href="#linknote-178" name="linknoteref-178" - id="linknoteref-178"><small>178</small></a> It was plain, therefore, that + exclusive privileges. <a href="#linknote-178" id="linknoteref-178"><small>178</small></a> It was plain, therefore, that neither those manufacturers who wished to prohibit the trade, nor those merchants at the outports who wished to throw it open, had the smallest chance of attaining their objects. The only question left was the question @@ -4415,8 +4254,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger forth against each other were innumerable. If the drama of that age may be trusted, the feud between the India House and Skinners' Hall was sometimes as serious an impediment to the course of true love in London as the feud - of the Capulets and Montagues had been at Verona. <a href="#linknote-179" - name="linknoteref-179" id="linknoteref-179"><small>179</small></a> Which + of the Capulets and Montagues had been at Verona. <a href="#linknote-179" id="linknoteref-179"><small>179</small></a> Which of the two contending parties was the stronger it is not easy to say. The New Company was supported by the Whigs, the Old Company by the Tories. The New Company was popular; for it promised largely, and could not be accused @@ -4436,8 +4274,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger dangers, still held its exclusive privileges, and still made its enormous profits. Its stock had indeed gone down greatly in value since the golden days of Charles the Second; but a hundred pounds still sold for a hundred - and twenty-two. <a href="#linknote-180" name="linknoteref-180" - id="linknoteref-180"><small>180</small></a> After a large dividend had + and twenty-two. <a href="#linknote-180" id="linknoteref-180"><small>180</small></a> After a large dividend had been paid to the proprietors, a surplus remained amply sufficient, in those days, to corrupt half a cabinet; and this surplus was absolutely at the disposal of one able, determined and unscrupulous man, who maintained @@ -4457,7 +4294,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Company was to be required to furnish annually five hundred tons of saltpetre to the Crown at a low price, and to export annually English manufactures to the value of two hundred thousand pounds. <a - href="#linknote-181" name="linknoteref-181" id="linknoteref-181"><small>181</small></a> + href="#linknote-181" id="linknoteref-181"><small>181</small></a> </p> <p> A bill founded on these resolutions was brought in, read twice, and @@ -4488,7 +4325,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The Commons, irritated by Child's obstinacy, presented an address requesting the King to dissolve the Old Company, and to grant a charter to a new Company on such terms as to His Majesty's wisdom might seem fit. <a - href="#linknote-182" name="linknoteref-182" id="linknoteref-182"><small>182</small></a> + href="#linknote-182" id="linknoteref-182"><small>182</small></a> It is plainly implied in the terms of this address that the Commons thought the King constitutionally competent to grant an exclusive privilege of trading to the East Indies. @@ -4496,8 +4333,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger <p> The King replied that the subject was most important, that he would consider it maturely, and that he would, at a future time, give the House - a more precise answer. <a href="#linknote-183" name="linknoteref-183" - id="linknoteref-183"><small>183</small></a> In Parliament nothing more was + a more precise answer. <a href="#linknote-183" id="linknoteref-183"><small>183</small></a> In Parliament nothing more was said on the subject during that session; but out of Parliament the war was fiercer than ever; and the belligerents were by no means scrupulous about the means which they employed. The chief weapons of the New Company were @@ -4780,8 +4616,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger should be entitled to be a Trier. The Commons were with difficulty induced to consent that the number of Triers should never be less than thirty-six, and positively refused to make any further concession. The bill was - therefore suffered to drop. <a href="#linknote-184" name="linknoteref-184" - id="linknoteref-184"><small>184</small></a> + therefore suffered to drop. <a href="#linknote-184" id="linknoteref-184"><small>184</small></a> </p> <p> It is certain that those who in the conference on this bill represented @@ -4799,8 +4634,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger induced her to fly from her father's palace. In 1691, they, with as little difficulty, induced her to copy out and sign a letter expressing her deep concern for his misfortunes and her earnest wish to atone for her breach - of duty. <a href="#linknote-185" name="linknoteref-185" - id="linknoteref-185"><small>185</small></a> At the same time Marlborough + of duty. <a href="#linknote-185" id="linknoteref-185"><small>185</small></a> At the same time Marlborough held out hopes that it might be in his power to effect the restoration of his old master in the best possible way, without the help of a single foreign soldier or sailor, by the votes of the English Lords and Commons, @@ -4865,7 +4699,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger listening to reason. One of the sharpest of those fits came on in the autumn of 1691. The antipathy to the Dutch was at that time strong in all classes, and nowhere stronger than in the Parliament and in the army. <a - href="#linknote-186" name="linknoteref-186" id="linknoteref-186"><small>186</small></a> + href="#linknote-186" id="linknoteref-186"><small>186</small></a> </p> <p> Of that antipathy Marlborough determined to avail himself for the purpose, @@ -5009,8 +4843,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that he had been forming cabals in the army; some that he had carried on an unauthorised correspondence with the Danish government about the general politics of Europe; and some that he had been trafficking with the - agents of the Court of Saint Germains. <a href="#linknote-187" - name="linknoteref-187" id="linknoteref-187"><small>187</small></a> His + agents of the Court of Saint Germains. <a href="#linknote-187" id="linknoteref-187"><small>187</small></a> His friends contradicted every one of these stories, and affirmed that his only crime was his dislike of the foreigners who were lording it over his countrymen, and that he had fallen a victim to the machinations of @@ -5020,8 +4853,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger fifty years, by the shameless mendacity of his widow. The concise narrative of James dispels the mystery, and makes it clear, not only why Marlborough was disgraced, but also how several of the reports about the - cause of his disgrace originated. <a href="#linknote-188" - name="linknoteref-188" id="linknoteref-188"><small>188</small></a> + cause of his disgrace originated. <a href="#linknote-188" id="linknoteref-188"><small>188</small></a> </p> <p> Though William assigned to the public no reason for exercising his @@ -5069,8 +4901,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger therefore retired to Sion House, a villa belonging to the Duke of Somerset, and situated on the margin of the Thames. In London she occupied Berkeley House, which stood in Piccadilly, on the site now covered by - Devonshire House. <a href="#linknote-189" name="linknoteref-189" - id="linknoteref-189"><small>189</small></a> Her income was secured by Act + Devonshire House. <a href="#linknote-189" id="linknoteref-189"><small>189</small></a> Her income was secured by Act of Parliament; but no punishment which it was in the power of the Crown to inflict on her was spared. Her guard of honour was taken away. The foreign ministers ceased to wait upon her. When she went to Bath the Secretary of @@ -5081,8 +4912,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger her from his pulpit, and to send a copy of his text to be laid on her cushion. Even the bellman of Piccadilly, it was said, perhaps falsely, was ordered not to chaunt her praises in his doggrel verse under the windows - of Berkeley House. <a href="#linknote-190" name="linknoteref-190" - id="linknoteref-190"><small>190</small></a> + of Berkeley House. <a href="#linknote-190" id="linknoteref-190"><small>190</small></a> </p> <p> That Anne was in the wrong is clear; but it is not equally clear that the @@ -5112,8 +4942,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Morley was subscribed, the Princess expressed the sentiments of a fury in the style of a fishwoman, railed savagely at the whole Dutch nation, and called her brother in law sometimes the abortion, sometimes the monster, - sometimes Caliban. <a href="#linknote-191" name="linknoteref-191" - id="linknoteref-191"><small>191</small></a> But the nation heard nothing + sometimes Caliban. <a href="#linknote-191" id="linknoteref-191"><small>191</small></a> But the nation heard nothing of her language and saw nothing of her deportment but what was decorous and submissive. The truth seems to have been that the rancorous and coarseminded Countess gave the tone to Her Highness's confidential @@ -5121,8 +4950,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to prescribe the course which was to be taken before the public eye. During a short time the Queen was generally blamed. But the charm of her temper and manners was irresistible; and in a few months she regained the - popularity which she had lost. <a href="#linknote-192" - name="linknoteref-192" id="linknoteref-192"><small>192</small></a> + popularity which she had lost. <a href="#linknote-192" id="linknoteref-192"><small>192</small></a> </p> <p> It was a most fortunate circumstance for Marlborough that, just at the @@ -5149,8 +4977,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger followed. Preachers designated it as our peculiar national sin, and prophesied that it would draw on us some awful national judgment. Legislators proposed new punishments of terrible severity for this new - atrocity. <a href="#linknote-193" name="linknoteref-193" - id="linknoteref-193"><small>193</small></a> It was not however found + atrocity. <a href="#linknote-193" id="linknoteref-193"><small>193</small></a> It was not however found necessary to resort to those punishments. The fashion changed; and during the last century and a half there has perhaps not been a single instance of this particular kind of wickedness. @@ -5163,8 +4990,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by their passions; and thus, by impudent and cruel lying, he raised himself in a week from beggary and obscurity to luxury, renown and power. He had once eked out the small tithes of a miserable vicarage by stealing - the pigs and fowls of his parishioners. <a href="#linknote-194" - name="linknoteref-194" id="linknoteref-194"><small>194</small></a> He was + the pigs and fowls of his parishioners. <a href="#linknote-194" id="linknoteref-194"><small>194</small></a> He was now lodged in a palace; he was followed by admiring crowds; he had at his mercy the estates and lives of Howards and Herberts. A crowd of imitators instantly appeared. It seemed that much more might be got, and that much @@ -5249,8 +5075,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger designs were at length frustrated by a righteous decree of the Court of Chancery, a decree which would have left a deep stain on the character of an ordinary man, but which makes no perceptible addition to the infamy of - Titus Oates. <a href="#linknote-195" name="linknoteref-195" - id="linknoteref-195"><small>195</small></a> Through all changes, however, + Titus Oates. <a href="#linknote-195" id="linknoteref-195"><small>195</small></a> Through all changes, however, he was surrounded by a small knot of hotheaded and foulmouthed agitators, who, abhorred and despised by every respectable Whig, yet called themselves Whigs, and thought themselves injured because they were not @@ -5313,7 +5138,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the autumn of 1691 all these shifts were exhausted. After lying in several spunging houses, Fuller was at length lodged in the King's Bench prison, and he now thought it time to announce that he had discovered a plot. <a - href="#linknote-196" name="linknoteref-196" id="linknoteref-196"><small>196</small></a> + href="#linknote-196" id="linknoteref-196"><small>196</small></a> </p> <p> He addressed himself first to Tillotson and Portland; but both Tillotson @@ -5343,8 +5168,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger traitors high in office and near the royal person, and were afraid of incurring the enmity of men so powerful and so wicked. Fuller ended by asking for a sum of money, and by assuring the Commons that he would lay - it out to good account. <a href="#linknote-197" name="linknoteref-197" - id="linknoteref-197"><small>197</small></a> Had his impudent request been + it out to good account. <a href="#linknote-197" id="linknoteref-197"><small>197</small></a> Had his impudent request been granted, he would probably have paid his debts, obtained his liberty, and absconded; but the House very wisely insisted on seeing his witnesses first. He then began to shuffle. The gentlemen were on the Continent, and @@ -5352,7 +5176,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger but he complained that they were insufficient. At length the Commons, fully determined to get at the truth, presented an address requesting the King to send Fuller a blank safe conduct in the largest terms. <a - href="#linknote-198" name="linknoteref-198" id="linknoteref-198"><small>198</small></a> + href="#linknote-198" id="linknoteref-198"><small>198</small></a> The safe conduct was sent. Six weeks passed, and nothing was heard of the witnesses. The friends of the lords and gentlemen who had been accused represented strongly that the House ought not to separate for the summer @@ -5376,8 +5200,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and a false accuser; that he had insulted the Government and the Parliament; that he had calumniated honourable men, and that an address should be carried up to the throne, requesting that he might be prosecuted - for his villany. <a href="#linknote-199" name="linknoteref-199" - id="linknoteref-199"><small>199</small></a> He was consequently tried, + for his villany. <a href="#linknote-199" id="linknoteref-199"><small>199</small></a> He was consequently tried, convicted, and sentenced to fine, imprisonment and the pillory. The exposure, more terrible than death to a mind not lost to all sense of shame, he underwent with a hardihood worthy of his two favourite models, @@ -5387,8 +5210,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Hayes—so this fable ran—had been instructed by James in person. They had, in obedience to his orders, induced Fuller to pledge his word for their appearance, and had then absented themselves, and left him - exposed to the resentment of the House of Commons. <a href="#linknote-200" - name="linknoteref-200" id="linknoteref-200"><small>200</small></a> The + exposed to the resentment of the House of Commons. <a href="#linknote-200" id="linknoteref-200"><small>200</small></a> The story had the reception which it deserved, and Fuller sank into an obscurity from which he twice or thrice, at long intervals, again emerged for a moment into infamy. @@ -5497,8 +5319,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Jacobite libellers were almost silent. It was not till the provisions of the bill had been forgotten, and till nothing but its title was remembered, that William was accused of having been influenced by a wish - to keep the judges in a state of dependence. <a href="#linknote-201" - name="linknoteref-201" id="linknoteref-201"><small>201</small></a> + to keep the judges in a state of dependence. <a href="#linknote-201" id="linknoteref-201"><small>201</small></a> </p> <p> The Houses broke up; and the King prepared to set out for the Continent. @@ -5549,8 +5370,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Some months elapsed before the place which he had quitted was filled up; and during this interval the whole business which had ordinarily been divided between two Secretaries - of State was transacted by Nottingham. <a href="#linknote-202" - name="linknoteref-202" id="linknoteref-202"><small>202</small></a> + of State was transacted by Nottingham. <a href="#linknote-202" id="linknoteref-202"><small>202</small></a> </p> <p> While these arrangements were in progress, events had taken place in a @@ -5570,8 +5390,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger an Act granting liberty of conscience to those who were attached to the old ecclesiastical polity. He had directed his Commissioner Melville to obtain for the Episcopalians of Scotland an indulgence similar to that - which Dissenters enjoyed in England. <a href="#linknote-203" - name="linknoteref-203" id="linknoteref-203"><small>203</small></a> But the + which Dissenters enjoyed in England. <a href="#linknote-203" id="linknoteref-203"><small>203</small></a> But the Presbyterian preachers were loud and vehement against lenity to Amalekites. Melville, with useful talents, and perhaps with fair intentions, had neither large views nor an intrepid spirit. He shrank from @@ -5602,8 +5421,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Dalrymple was consequently, according to the ancient usage of Scotland, designated as the Master of Stair. In a few months Melville resigned his secretaryship, and accepted an office of some dignity and emolument, but - of no political importance. <a href="#linknote-204" name="linknoteref-204" - id="linknoteref-204"><small>204</small></a> + of no political importance. <a href="#linknote-204" id="linknoteref-204"><small>204</small></a> </p> <p> The Lowlands of Scotland were, during the year which followed the @@ -5622,7 +5440,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger revenue. He therefore informed them that he should not take it ill of them if they made their peace with the new dynasty, provided always that they were prepared to rise in insurrection as soon as he should call on them to - do so. <a href="#linknote-205" name="linknoteref-205" id="linknoteref-205"><small>205</small></a> + do so. <a href="#linknote-205" id="linknoteref-205"><small>205</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile it had been determined at Kensington, in spite of the opposition @@ -5635,8 +5453,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger greater proportion to the income of Keppoch or Glengarry than fifteen hundred thousand pounds bore to the income of Lord Bedford or Lord Devonshire. The sum was ample; but the King was not fortunate in the - choice of an agent. <a href="#linknote-206" name="linknoteref-206" - id="linknoteref-206"><small>206</small></a> + choice of an agent. <a href="#linknote-206" id="linknoteref-206"><small>206</small></a> </p> <p> John Earl of Breadalbane, the head of a younger branch of the great House @@ -5644,7 +5461,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger could bring seventeen hundred claymores into the field; and, ten years before the Revolution, he had actually marched into the Lowlands with this great force for the purpose of supporting the prelatical tyranny. <a - href="#linknote-207" name="linknoteref-207" id="linknoteref-207"><small>207</small></a> + href="#linknote-207" id="linknoteref-207"><small>207</small></a> In those days he had affected zeal for monarchy and episcopacy; but in truth he cared for no government and no religion. He seems to have united two different sets of vices, the growth of two different regions, and of @@ -5655,8 +5472,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his fellow nobles, joined and betrayed every party in turn, had sworn fealty to William and Mary, and had plotted against them. To trace all the turns and doublings of his course, during the year 1689 and the earlier - part of 1690, would be wearisome. <a href="#linknote-208" - name="linknoteref-208" id="linknoteref-208"><small>208</small></a> That + part of 1690, would be wearisome. <a href="#linknote-208" id="linknoteref-208"><small>208</small></a> That course became somewhat less tortuous when the battle of the Boyne had cowed the spirit of the Jacobites. It now seemed probable that the Earl would be a loyal subject of their Majesties, till some great disaster @@ -5670,8 +5486,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger war lasted, his vassals could not tend their herds or sow their oats in peace. His lands were daily ravaged; his cattle were daily driven away; one of his houses had been burned down. It was probable, therefore, that - he would do his best to put an end to hostilities. <a href="#linknote-209" - name="linknoteref-209" id="linknoteref-209"><small>209</small></a> + he would do his best to put an end to hostilities. <a href="#linknote-209" id="linknoteref-209"><small>209</small></a> </p> <p> He was accordingly commissioned to treat with the Jacobite chiefs, and was @@ -5690,7 +5505,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Lochiel and the arrogant pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the discussions. But no Celtic potentate was so impracticable as Macdonald of Glencoe, known among the mountains by the hereditary appellation of Mac - Ian. <a href="#linknote-210" name="linknoteref-210" id="linknoteref-210"><small>210</small></a> + Ian. <a href="#linknote-210" id="linknoteref-210"><small>210</small></a> </p> <p> Mac Ian dwelt in the mouth of a ravine situated not far from the southern @@ -5733,8 +5548,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger have been less troublesome neighbours if they had lived among their own kindred. But they were an outpost of the Clan Donald, separated from every other branch of their own family, and almost surrounded by the domains of - the hostile race of Diarmid. <a href="#linknote-211" name="linknoteref-211" - id="linknoteref-211"><small>211</small></a> They were impelled by + the hostile race of Diarmid. <a href="#linknote-211" id="linknoteref-211"><small>211</small></a> They were impelled by hereditary enmity, as well as by want, to live at the expense of the tribe of Campbell. Breadalbane's property had suffered greatly from their depredations; and he was not of a temper to forgive such injuries. When, @@ -5745,8 +5559,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger laws of hospitality, and, with angry reproaches and menaces, demanded reparation for the herds which had been driven from his lands by Mac Ian's followers. Mac Ian was seriously apprehensive of some personal outrage, - and was glad to get safe back to his own glen. <a href="#linknote-212" - name="linknoteref-212" id="linknoteref-212"><small>212</small></a> His + and was glad to get safe back to his own glen. <a href="#linknote-212" id="linknoteref-212"><small>212</small></a> His pride had been wounded; and the promptings of interest concurred with those of pride. As the head of a people who lived by pillage, he had strong reasons for wishing that the country might continue to be in a @@ -5767,8 +5580,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger which, in rude societies, give men an ascendency over their fellows. Breadalbane found himself, at every step of the negotiation, thwarted by the arts of his old enemy, and abhorred the name of Glencoe more and more - every day. <a href="#linknote-213" name="linknoteref-213" - id="linknoteref-213"><small>213</small></a> + every day. <a href="#linknote-213" id="linknoteref-213"><small>213</small></a> </p> <p> But the government did not trust solely to Breadalbane's diplomatic skill. @@ -5777,17 +5589,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger rebel who, on or before the thirty-first of December 1691, should swear to live peaceably under the government of their Majesties. It was announced that those who should hold out after that day would be treated as enemies - and traitors. <a href="#linknote-214" name="linknoteref-214" - id="linknoteref-214"><small>214</small></a> Warlike preparations were + and traitors. <a href="#linknote-214" id="linknoteref-214"><small>214</small></a> Warlike preparations were made, which showed that the threat was meant in earnest. The Highlanders were alarmed, and, though the pecuniary terms had not been satisfactorily settled, thought it prudent to give the pledge which was demanded of them. No chief, indeed, was willing to set the example of submission. Glengarry - blustered, and pretended to fortify his house. <a href="#linknote-215" - name="linknoteref-215" id="linknoteref-215"><small>215</small></a> "I will + blustered, and pretended to fortify his house. <a href="#linknote-215" id="linknoteref-215"><small>215</small></a> "I will not," said Lochiel, "break the ice. That is a point of honour with me. But - my tacksmen and people may use their freedom." <a href="#linknote-216" - name="linknoteref-216" id="linknoteref-216"><small>216</small></a> His + my tacksmen and people may use their freedom." <a href="#linknote-216" id="linknoteref-216"><small>216</small></a> His tacksmen and people understood him, and repaired by hundreds to the Sheriff to take the oaths. The Macdonalds of Sleat, Clanronald, Keppoch, and even Glengarry, imitated the Camerons; and the chiefs, after trying to @@ -5828,8 +5637,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Hill's letter overcame Sir Colin's scruples. The oath was administered; and a certificate was transmitted to the Council at Edinburgh, setting forth the special circumstances which had induced the Sheriff to do what - he knew not to be strictly regular. <a href="#linknote-217" - name="linknoteref-217" id="linknoteref-217"><small>217</small></a> + he knew not to be strictly regular. <a href="#linknote-217" id="linknoteref-217"><small>217</small></a> </p> <p> The news that Mac Ian had not submitted within the prescribed time was @@ -5870,21 +5678,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of Culloden, surrounded Culloden church on a Sunday, shut the doors, and burned the whole congregation alive. While the flames were raging, the hereditary musician of the murderers mocked the shrieks of the perishing - crowd with the notes of his bagpipe. <a href="#linknote-218" - name="linknoteref-218" id="linknoteref-218"><small>218</small></a> A band + crowd with the notes of his bagpipe. <a href="#linknote-218" id="linknoteref-218"><small>218</small></a> A band of Macgregors, having cut off the head of an enemy, laid it, the mouth filled with bread and cheese, on his sister's table, and had the satisfaction of seeing her go mad with horror at the sight. They then carried the ghastly trophy in triumph to their chief. The whole clan met under the roof of an ancient church. Every one in turn laid his hand on the dead man's scalp, and vowed to defend the slayers. <a - href="#linknote-219" name="linknoteref-219" id="linknoteref-219"><small>219</small></a> + href="#linknote-219" id="linknoteref-219"><small>219</small></a> The inhabitants of Eigg seized some Macleods, bound them hand and foot, and turned them adrift in a boat to be swallowed up by the waves or to perish of hunger. The Macleods retaliated by driving the population of Eigg into a cavern, lighting a fire at the entrance, and suffocating the - whole race, men, women and children. <a href="#linknote-220" - name="linknoteref-220" id="linknoteref-220"><small>220</small></a> It is + whole race, men, women and children. <a href="#linknote-220" id="linknoteref-220"><small>220</small></a> It is much less strange that the two great Earls of the house of Campbell, animated by the passions of Highland chieftains, should have planned a Highland revenge, than that they should have found an accomplice, and @@ -5899,8 +5705,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger lax, yet not more lax than those of most Scotch politicians of that age. Cruelty had never been imputed to him. Those who most disliked him did him the justice to own that, where his schemes of policy were not concerned, - he was a very goodnatured man. <a href="#linknote-221" - name="linknoteref-221" id="linknoteref-221"><small>221</small></a> There + he was a very goodnatured man. <a href="#linknote-221" id="linknoteref-221"><small>221</small></a> There is not the slightest reason to believe that he gained a single pound Scots by the act which has covered his name with infamy. He had no personal reason to wish the Glencoe men ill. There had been no feud between them @@ -5912,8 +5717,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger <p> To what cause are we to ascribe so strange an antipathy? This question perplexed the Master's contemporaries; and any answer which may now be - offered ought to be offered with diffidence. <a href="#linknote-222" - name="linknoteref-222" id="linknoteref-222"><small>222</small></a> The + offered ought to be offered with diffidence. <a href="#linknote-222" id="linknoteref-222"><small>222</small></a> The most probable conjecture is that he was actuated by an inordinate, an unscrupulous, a remorseless zeal for what seemed to him to be the interest of the state. This explanation may startle those who have not considered @@ -5965,7 +5769,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger act of violence or rapine, had given information against his companions. He had been bound to a tree and murdered. The old chief had given the first stab; and scores of dirks had then been plunged into the wretch's - body. <a href="#linknote-223" name="linknoteref-223" id="linknoteref-223"><small>223</small></a> + body. <a href="#linknote-223" id="linknoteref-223"><small>223</small></a> By the mountaineers such an act was probably regarded as a legitimate exercise of patriarchal jurisdiction. To the Master of Stair it seemed that people among whom such things were done and were approved ought to be @@ -6006,7 +5810,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger bayonets. To the last moment he continued to flatter himself that the rebels would be obstinate, and would thus furnish him with a plea for accomplishing that great social revolution on which his heart was set. <a - href="#linknote-224" name="linknoteref-224" id="linknoteref-224"><small>224</small></a> + href="#linknote-224" id="linknoteref-224"><small>224</small></a> The letter is still extant in which he directed the commander of the forces in Scotland how to act if the Jacobite chiefs should not come in before the end of December. There is something strangely terrible in the @@ -6014,7 +5818,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger troops will destroy entirely the country of Lochaber, Lochiel's lands, Keppoch's, Glengarry's and Glencoe's. Your power shall be large enough. I hope the soldiers will not trouble the government with prisoners." <a - href="#linknote-225" name="linknoteref-225" id="linknoteref-225"><small>225</small></a> + href="#linknote-225" id="linknoteref-225"><small>225</small></a> </p> <p> This despatch had scarcely been sent off when news arrived in London that @@ -6025,7 +5829,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of being permitted to kiss His Majesty's hand. In London it was announced exultingly that every clan, without exception, had submitted in time; and the announcement was generally thought most satisfactory. <a - href="#linknote-226" name="linknoteref-226" id="linknoteref-226"><small>226</small></a> + href="#linknote-226" id="linknoteref-226"><small>226</small></a> But the Master of Stair was bitterly disappointed. The Highlands were then to continue to be what they had been, the shame and curse of Scotland. A golden opportunity of subjecting them to the law had been suffered to @@ -6034,14 +5838,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Macdonalds, Keppoch and Glencoe, it would have been something. But it seemed that even Keppoch and Glencoe, marauders who in any well governed country would have been hanged thirty years before, were safe. <a - href="#linknote-227" name="linknoteref-227" id="linknoteref-227"><small>227</small></a> + href="#linknote-227" id="linknoteref-227"><small>227</small></a> While the Master was brooding over thoughts like these, Argyle brought him some comfort. The report that Mac Ian had taken the oaths within the prescribed time was erroneous. The Secretary was consoled. One clan, then, was at the mercy of the government, and that clan the most lawless of all. One great act of justice, nay of charity, might be performed. One terrible - and memorable example might be given. <a href="#linknote-228" - name="linknoteref-228" id="linknoteref-228"><small>228</small></a> + and memorable example might be given. <a href="#linknote-228" id="linknoteref-228"><small>228</small></a> </p> <p> Yet there was a difficulty. Mac Ian had taken the oaths. He had taken @@ -6079,7 +5882,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger relating to a small tribe of mountaineers, living in a wilderness not set down in any map, was least likely to interest a Sovereign whose mind was full of schemes on which the fate of Europe might depend. <a - href="#linknote-229" name="linknoteref-229" id="linknoteref-229"><small>229</small></a> + href="#linknote-229" id="linknoteref-229"><small>229</small></a> But, even on the supposition that he read the order to which he affixed his name, there seems to be no reason for blaming him. That order, directed to the Commander of the Forces in Scotland, runs thus: "As for @@ -6107,7 +5910,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger valley were to be disarmed and required to give hostages for good behaviour. A plan very nearly resembling this had, we know, actually been the subject of much discussion in the political circles of Edinburgh. <a - href="#linknote-230" name="linknoteref-230" id="linknoteref-230"><small>230</small></a> + href="#linknote-230" id="linknoteref-230"><small>230</small></a> There can be little doubt that William would have deserved well of his people if he had, in this manner, extirpated not only the tribe of Mac Ian, but every Highland tribe whose calling was to steal cattle and burn @@ -6134,8 +5937,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger wickedness crossed his mind. He was happy in the approbation of his own conscience. Duty, justice, nay charity and mercy, were the names under which he disguised his cruelty; nor is it by any means improbable that the - disguise imposed upon himself. <a href="#linknote-231" - name="linknoteref-231" id="linknoteref-231"><small>231</small></a> + disguise imposed upon himself. <a href="#linknote-231" id="linknoteref-231"><small>231</small></a> </p> <p> Hill, who commanded the forces assembled at Fort William, was not @@ -6164,7 +5966,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Breadalbane and Argyle could give, be a long and difficult business. "Better," he wrote, "not meddle with them than meddle to no purpose. When the thing is resolved, let it be secret and sudden." <a - href="#linknote-232" name="linknoteref-232" id="linknoteref-232"><small>232</small></a> + href="#linknote-232" id="linknoteref-232"><small>232</small></a> He was obeyed; and it was determined that the Glencoe men should perish, not by military execution, but by the most dastardly and perfidious form of assassination. @@ -6325,7 +6127,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger overhung the place of slaughter, and poured forth a long lament over his murdered brethren, and his desolate home. Eighty years later that sad dirge was still repeated by the population of the valley. <a - href="#linknote-233" name="linknoteref-233" id="linknoteref-233"><small>233</small></a> + href="#linknote-233" id="linknoteref-233"><small>233</small></a> </p> <p> The survivors might well apprehend that they had escaped the shot and the @@ -6333,7 +6135,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger barns, furniture, implements of husbandry, herds, flocks, horses, were gone. Many months must elapse before the clan would be able to raise on its own ground the means of supporting even the most miserable existence. - <a href="#linknote-234" name="linknoteref-234" id="linknoteref-234"><small>234</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-234" id="linknoteref-234"><small>234</small></a> </p> <p> It may be thought strange that these events should not have been instantly @@ -6367,8 +6169,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Paris Gazette of the seventh of April. Glenlyon, it was said, had been sent with a detachment from Argyle's regiment, under cover of darkness, to surprise the inhabitants of Glencoe, and had killed thirty-six men and - boys and four women. <a href="#linknote-235" name="linknoteref-235" - id="linknoteref-235"><small>235</small></a> In this there was nothing very + boys and four women. <a href="#linknote-235" id="linknoteref-235"><small>235</small></a> In this there was nothing very strange or shocking. A night attack on a gang of freebooters occupying a strong natural fortress may be a perfectly legitimate military operation; and, in the obscurity and confusion of such an attack, the most humane man @@ -6400,21 +6201,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger about what they had been forced to do in the preceding winter. The nonjurors soon got hold of the clue, and followed it resolutely; their secret presses went to work; and at length, near a year after the crime - had been committed, it was published to the world. <a href="#linknote-236" - name="linknoteref-236" id="linknoteref-236"><small>236</small></a> But the + had been committed, it was published to the world. <a href="#linknote-236" id="linknoteref-236"><small>236</small></a> But the world was long incredulous. The habitual mendacity of the Jacobite libellers had brought on them an appropriate punishment. Now, when, for the first time, they told the truth, they were supposed to be romancing. They complained bitterly that the story, though perfectly authentic, was - regarded by the public as a factious lie. <a href="#linknote-237" - name="linknoteref-237" id="linknoteref-237"><small>237</small></a> So late + regarded by the public as a factious lie. <a href="#linknote-237" id="linknoteref-237"><small>237</small></a> So late as the year 1695, Hickes, in a tract in which he endeavoured to defend his darling tale of the Theban legion against the unanswerable argument drawn from the silence of historians, remarked that it might well be doubted whether any historian would make mention of the massacre of Glencoe. There were in England, he said, many thousands of well educated men who had never heard of that massacre, or who regarded it as a mere fable. <a - href="#linknote-238" name="linknoteref-238" id="linknoteref-238"><small>238</small></a> + href="#linknote-238" id="linknoteref-238"><small>238</small></a> </p> <p> Nevertheless the punishment of some of the guilty began very early. Hill, @@ -6426,8 +6225,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger declaring that they held the Earl guiltless of the blood which had been shed. They were assured that, if they would do this, all His Lordship's great influence should be employed to obtain for them from the Crown a - free pardon and a remission of all forfeitures. <a href="#linknote-239" - name="linknoteref-239" id="linknoteref-239"><small>239</small></a> + free pardon and a remission of all forfeitures. <a href="#linknote-239" id="linknoteref-239"><small>239</small></a> Glenlyon did his best to assume an air of unconcern. He made his appearance in the most fashionable coffeehouse at Edinburgh, and talked loudly and self-complacently about the important service in which he had @@ -6435,8 +6233,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger observed him closely, whispered that all this bravery was put on. He was not the man that he had been before that night. The form of his countenance was changed. In all places, at all hours, whether he waked or - slept, Glencoe was for ever before him. <a href="#linknote-240" - name="linknoteref-240" id="linknoteref-240"><small>240</small></a> + slept, Glencoe was for ever before him. <a href="#linknote-240" id="linknoteref-240"><small>240</small></a> </p> <p> But, whatever apprehensions might disturb Breadalbane, whatever spectres @@ -6445,20 +6242,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Hamilton and by the escape of so many of the damnable breed. "Do right, and fear nobody;" such is the language of his letters. "Can there be a more sacred duty than to rid the country of thieving? The only thing that - I regret is that any got away." <a href="#linknote-241" - name="linknoteref-241" id="linknoteref-241"><small>241</small></a> + I regret is that any got away." <a href="#linknote-241" id="linknoteref-241"><small>241</small></a> </p> <p> On the sixth of March, William, entirely ignorant, in all probability, of the details of the crime which has cast a dark shade over his glory, had set out for the Continent, leaving the Queen his viceregent in England. <a - href="#linknote-242" name="linknoteref-242" id="linknoteref-242"><small>242</small></a> + href="#linknote-242" id="linknoteref-242"><small>242</small></a> </p> <p> He would perhaps have postponed his departure if he had been aware that the French Government had, during some time, been making great - preparations for a descent on our island. <a href="#linknote-243" - name="linknoteref-243" id="linknoteref-243"><small>243</small></a> An + preparations for a descent on our island. <a href="#linknote-243" id="linknoteref-243"><small>243</small></a> An event had taken place which had changed the policy of the Court of Versailles. Louvois was no more. He had been at the head of the military administration of his country during a quarter of a century; he had borne @@ -6485,12 +6280,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger next day he came; but with death in his face. The King, though full of resentment, was touched with pity, and advised Louvois to go home and take care of himself. That evening the great minister died. <a - href="#linknote-244" name="linknoteref-244" id="linknoteref-244"><small>244</small></a> + href="#linknote-244" id="linknoteref-244"><small>244</small></a> </p> <p> Louvois had constantly opposed all plans for the invasion of England. His death was therefore regarded at Saint Germains as a fortunate event. <a - href="#linknote-245" name="linknoteref-245" id="linknoteref-245"><small>245</small></a> + href="#linknote-245" id="linknoteref-245"><small>245</small></a> It was however necessary to look sad, and to send a gentleman to Versailles with some words of condolence. The messenger found the gorgeous circle of courtiers assembled round their master on the terrace above the @@ -6499,8 +6294,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the King and Queen of England, and tell them that neither my affairs nor theirs will go on the worse by what has happened." These words were doubtless meant to intimate that the influence of Louvois had not been - exerted in favour of the House of Stuart. <a href="#linknote-246" - name="linknoteref-246" id="linknoteref-246"><small>246</small></a> One + exerted in favour of the House of Stuart. <a href="#linknote-246" id="linknoteref-246"><small>246</small></a> One compliment, however, a compliment which cost France dear, Lewis thought it right to pay to the memory of his ablest servant. The Marquess of Barbesieux, son of Louvois, was placed, in his twenty-fifth year, at the @@ -6519,8 +6313,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger royal closet, when in truth he had been playing truant among his boon companions and mistresses. "The French King," said William, "has an odd taste. He chooses an old woman for his mistress, and a young man for his - minister." <a href="#linknote-247" name="linknoteref-247" - id="linknoteref-247"><small>247</small></a> + minister." <a href="#linknote-247" id="linknoteref-247"><small>247</small></a> </p> <p> There can be little doubt that Louvois, by pursuing that course which had @@ -6539,8 +6332,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger French monarchy. To a French statesman such a wager might well appear in a different light. But Louvois was gone. His master yielded to the importunity of James, and determined to send an expedition against - England. <a href="#linknote-248" name="linknoteref-248" - id="linknoteref-248"><small>248</small></a> + England. <a href="#linknote-248" id="linknoteref-248"><small>248</small></a> </p> <p> The scheme was, in some respects, well concerted. It was resolved that a @@ -6560,13 +6352,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of rendezvous. The very day was named. In order that there might be no want either of seamen or of vessels for the intended expedition, all maritime trade, all privateering was, for a time, interdicted by a royal - mandate. <a href="#linknote-249" name="linknoteref-249" - id="linknoteref-249"><small>249</small></a> Three hundred transports were + mandate. <a href="#linknote-249" id="linknoteref-249"><small>249</small></a> Three hundred transports were collected near the spot where the troops were to embark. It was hoped that all would be ready early in the spring, before the English ships were half rigged or half manned, and before a single Dutch man of war was in the - Channel. <a href="#linknote-250" name="linknoteref-250" - id="linknoteref-250"><small>250</small></a> + Channel. <a href="#linknote-250" id="linknoteref-250"><small>250</small></a> </p> <p> James had indeed persuaded himself that, even if the English fleet should @@ -6589,8 +6379,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger when they were sober. One those from whom he expected support, Rear Admiral Carter, had indeed heard and perfectly understood what the Jacobite agents had to say, had given them fair words, and had reported - the whole to the Queen and her ministers. <a href="#linknote-251" - name="linknoteref-251" id="linknoteref-251"><small>251</small></a> + the whole to the Queen and her ministers. <a href="#linknote-251" id="linknoteref-251"><small>251</small></a> </p> <p> But the chief dependence of James was on Russell. That false, arrogant and @@ -6664,7 +6453,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger induced to enlist. Those who gave in their names were distributed into eight regiments of cavalry and dragoons, and were directed to hold themselves in readiness to mount at the first signal. <a - href="#linknote-252" name="linknoteref-252" id="linknoteref-252"><small>252</small></a> + href="#linknote-252" id="linknoteref-252"><small>252</small></a> </p> <p> One of the circumstances which filled James, at this time, with vain @@ -6685,7 +6474,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger about a Restoration. Not a single lady crossed the sea in obedience to James's call. His Queen was safely delivered of a daughter; but this event produced no perceptible effect on the state of public feeling in England. - <a href="#linknote-253" name="linknoteref-253" id="linknoteref-253"><small>253</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-253" id="linknoteref-253"><small>253</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile the preparations for his expedition were going on fast. He was @@ -6694,8 +6483,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had been long known indeed that many thousands of Irish were assembled in Normandy; but it was supposed that they had been assembled merely that they might be mustered and drilled before they were sent to Flanders, - Piedmont, and Catalonia. <a href="#linknote-254" name="linknoteref-254" - id="linknoteref-254"><small>254</small></a> Now, however, intelligence, + Piedmont, and Catalonia. <a href="#linknote-254" id="linknoteref-254"><small>254</small></a> Now, however, intelligence, arriving from many quarters, left no doubt that an invasion would be almost immediately attempted. Vigorous preparations for defence were made. The equipping and manning of the ships was urged forward with vigour. The @@ -6712,16 +6500,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a whole troop of cavalry were at the mangers; and this evidence, though not legally sufficient to support a charge of treason, was thought sufficient, at such a conjuncture, to justify the Privy Council in sending - him to the Tower. <a href="#linknote-255" name="linknoteref-255" - id="linknoteref-255"><small>255</small></a> Meanwhile James had gone down + him to the Tower. <a href="#linknote-255" id="linknoteref-255"><small>255</small></a> Meanwhile James had gone down to his army, which was encamped round the basin of La Hogue, on the northern coast of the peninsula known by the name of the Cotentin. Before he quitted Saint Germains, he held a Chapter of the Garter for the purpose of admitting his son into the order. Two noblemen were honoured with the same distinction, Powis, who, among his brother exiles, was now called a Duke, and Melfort, who had returned from Rome, and was again James's Prime - Minister. <a href="#linknote-256" name="linknoteref-256" - id="linknoteref-256"><small>256</small></a> Even at this moment, when it + Minister. <a href="#linknote-256" id="linknoteref-256"><small>256</small></a> Even at this moment, when it was of the greatest importance to conciliate the members of the Church of England, none but members of the Church of Rome were thought worthy of any mark of royal favour. Powis indeed was an eminent member of the English @@ -6746,11 +6532,10 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger all parties, the Papists at Saint Germains pretended that it had been drawn up by a stanch Protestant, Edward Herbert, who had been Chief Justice of the Common Pleas before the Revolution, and who now bore the - empty title of Chancellor. <a href="#linknote-257" name="linknoteref-257" - id="linknoteref-257"><small>257</small></a> But it is certain that Herbert + empty title of Chancellor. <a href="#linknote-257" id="linknoteref-257"><small>257</small></a> But it is certain that Herbert was never consulted about any matter of importance, and that the Declaration was the work of Melfort and of Melfort alone. <a - href="#linknote-258" name="linknoteref-258" id="linknoteref-258"><small>258</small></a> + href="#linknote-258" id="linknoteref-258"><small>258</small></a> In truth, those qualities of head and heart which had made Melfort the favourite of his master shone forth in every sentence. Not a word was to be found indicating that three years of banishment had made the King @@ -6843,8 +6628,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Secretary of State, and interspersed with remarks by a shrewd and severe commentator. It was refuted in many keen pamphlets; it was turned into doggrel rhymes; and it was left undefended even by the boldest and most - acrimonious libellers among the nonjurors. <a href="#linknote-259" - name="linknoteref-259" id="linknoteref-259"><small>259</small></a> + acrimonious libellers among the nonjurors. <a href="#linknote-259" id="linknoteref-259"><small>259</small></a> </p> <p> Indeed, some of the nonjurors were so much alarmed by observing the effect @@ -6856,8 +6640,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger word that he would entrust the whole ecclesiastical administration to the nonjuring bishops. But this forgery imposed on nobody, and was important only as showing that even the Jacobites were ashamed of the prince whom - they were labouring to restore. <a href="#linknote-260" - name="linknoteref-260" id="linknoteref-260"><small>260</small></a> + they were labouring to restore. <a href="#linknote-260" id="linknoteref-260"><small>260</small></a> </p> <p> No man read the Declaration with more surprise and anger than Russell. Bad @@ -6894,8 +6677,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </p> <p> The hopes which James felt, he and his favourite Melfort succeeded in - imparting to Lewis and to Lewis's ministers. <a href="#linknote-261" - name="linknoteref-261" id="linknoteref-261"><small>261</small></a> But for + imparting to Lewis and to Lewis's ministers. <a href="#linknote-261" id="linknoteref-261"><small>261</small></a> But for those hopes, indeed, it is probable that all thoughts of invading England in the course of that year would have been laid aside. For the extensive plan which had been formed in the winter had, in the course of the spring, @@ -6906,16 +6688,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger still detained by bad weather in the port of Brest. The Mediterranean squadron, opposed by a strong west wind, was vainly struggling to pass the pillars of Hercules. Two fine vessels had gone to pieces on the rocks of - Ceuta. <a href="#linknote-262" name="linknoteref-262" id="linknoteref-262"><small>262</small></a> + Ceuta. <a href="#linknote-262" id="linknoteref-262"><small>262</small></a> Meanwhile the admiralties of the allied powers had been active. Before the end of April the English fleet was ready to sail. Three noble ships, just launched from our dockyards, appeared for the first time on the water. <a - href="#linknote-263" name="linknoteref-263" id="linknoteref-263"><small>263</small></a> + href="#linknote-263" id="linknoteref-263"><small>263</small></a> William had been hastening the maritime preparations of the United Provinces; and his exertions had been successful. On the twenty-ninth of April a fine squadron from the Texel appeared in the Downs. Soon came the North Holland squadron, the Maes squadron, the Zealand squadron. <a - href="#linknote-264" name="linknoteref-264" id="linknoteref-264"><small>264</small></a> + href="#linknote-264" id="linknoteref-264"><small>264</small></a> The whole force of the confederate powers was assembled at Saint Helen's in the second week of May, more than ninety sail of the line, manned by between thirty and forty thousand of the finest seamen of the two great @@ -6967,7 +6749,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger English freedom and of the Protestant religion, against all foreign and Popish invaders. "God," they added, "preserve your person, direct your counsels, and prosper your arms; and let all your people say Amen." <a - href="#linknote-265" name="linknoteref-265" id="linknoteref-265"><small>265</small></a> + href="#linknote-265" id="linknoteref-265"><small>265</small></a> </p> <p> The sincerity of these professions was soon brought to the test. A few @@ -6976,8 +6758,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger with the news from Weymouth to London, and roused Whitehall at three in the morning. Another took the coast road, and carried the intelligence to Russell. All was ready; and on the morning of the seventeenth of May the - allied fleet stood out to sea. <a href="#linknote-266" - name="linknoteref-266" id="linknoteref-266"><small>266</small></a> + allied fleet stood out to sea. <a href="#linknote-266" id="linknoteref-266"><small>266</small></a> </p> <p> Tourville had with him only his own squadron, consisting of forty-four @@ -7040,7 +6821,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Alderney, and, by a strange good fortune, arrived without a single disaster at Saint Maloes. The pursuers did not venture to follow the fugitives into that terrible strait, the place of innumerable shipwrecks. - <a href="#linknote-267" name="linknoteref-267" id="linknoteref-267"><small>267</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-267" id="linknoteref-267"><small>267</small></a> </p> <p> Those French vessels which were too bulky to venture into the Race of @@ -7056,8 +6837,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger determined to attack them with his fireships and boats. The service was gallantly and successfully performed. In a short time the Royal Sun and her two consorts were burned to ashes. Part of the crews escaped to the - shore; and part fell into the hands of the English. <a href="#linknote-268" - name="linknoteref-268" id="linknoteref-268"><small>268</small></a> + shore; and part fell into the hands of the English. <a href="#linknote-268" id="linknoteref-268"><small>268</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile Russell with the greater part of his victorious fleet had @@ -7119,8 +6899,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger English fireship had perished in its calling. Sixteen French men of war, all noble vessels, and eight of them three-deckers, had been sunk or burned down to the keel. The battle is called, from the place where it - terminated, the battle of La Hogue. <a href="#linknote-269" - name="linknoteref-269" id="linknoteref-269"><small>269</small></a> + terminated, the battle of La Hogue. <a href="#linknote-269" id="linknoteref-269"><small>269</small></a> </p> <p> The news was received in London with boundless exultation. In the fight on @@ -7159,31 +6938,26 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The public joy was therefore all but universal. During several days the bells of London pealed without ceasing. Flags were flying on all the steeples. Rows of candles were in all the windows. Bonfires were at all - the corners of the streets. <a href="#linknote-270" name="linknoteref-270" - id="linknoteref-270"><small>270</small></a> The sense which the government + the corners of the streets. <a href="#linknote-270" id="linknoteref-270"><small>270</small></a> The sense which the government entertained of the services of the navy was promptly, judiciously and gracefully manifested. Sidney and Portland were sent to meet the fleet at Portsmouth, and were accompanied by Rochester, as the representative of the Tories. The three Lords took down with them thirty-seven thousand pounds in coin, which they were to distribute as a donative among the - sailors. <a href="#linknote-271" name="linknoteref-271" - id="linknoteref-271"><small>271</small></a> Gold medals were given to the - officers. <a href="#linknote-272" name="linknoteref-272" - id="linknoteref-272"><small>272</small></a> The remains of Hastings and + sailors. <a href="#linknote-271" id="linknoteref-271"><small>271</small></a> Gold medals were given to the + officers. <a href="#linknote-272" id="linknoteref-272"><small>272</small></a> The remains of Hastings and Carter were brought on shore with every mark of honour. Carter was buried at Portsmouth, with a great display of military pomp. <a - href="#linknote-273" name="linknoteref-273" id="linknoteref-273"><small>273</small></a> + href="#linknote-273" id="linknoteref-273"><small>273</small></a> The corpse of Hastings was brought up to London, and laid, with unusual solemnity, under the pavement of Saint James's Church. The footguards with reversed arms escorted the hearse. Four royal state carriages, each drawn by six horses, were in the procession; a crowd of men of quality in mourning cloaks filled the pews; and the Bishop of Lincoln preached the - funeral sermon. <a href="#linknote-274" name="linknoteref-274" - id="linknoteref-274"><small>274</small></a> While such marks of respect + funeral sermon. <a href="#linknote-274" id="linknoteref-274"><small>274</small></a> While such marks of respect were paid to the slain, the wounded were not neglected. Fifty surgeons, plentifully supplied with instruments, bandages, and drugs, were sent down - in all haste from London to Portsmouth. <a href="#linknote-275" - name="linknoteref-275" id="linknoteref-275"><small>275</small></a> It is + in all haste from London to Portsmouth. <a href="#linknote-275" id="linknoteref-275"><small>275</small></a> It is not easy for us to form a notion of the difficulty which there then was in providing at short notice commodious shelter and skilful attendance for hundreds of maimed and lacerated men. At present every county, every large @@ -7195,8 +6969,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger only edifices open to the wounded were the two ancient hospitals of Saint Thomas and Saint Bartholomew. The Queen gave orders that in both these hospitals arrangements should be made at the public charge for the - reception of patients from the fleet. <a href="#linknote-276" - name="linknoteref-276" id="linknoteref-276"><small>276</small></a> At the + reception of patients from the fleet. <a href="#linknote-276" id="linknoteref-276"><small>276</small></a> At the same time it was announced that a noble and lasting memorial of the gratitude which England felt for the courage and patriotism of her sailors would soon rise on a site eminently appropriate. Among the suburban @@ -7212,8 +6985,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of terraces, of which the vestiges may still be discerned. The Queen now publicly declared, in her husband's name, that the building commenced by Charles should be completed, and should be a retreat for seamen disabled - in the service of their country. <a href="#linknote-277" - name="linknoteref-277" id="linknoteref-277"><small>277</small></a> + in the service of their country. <a href="#linknote-277" id="linknoteref-277"><small>277</small></a> </p> <p> One of the happiest effects produced by the good news was the calming of @@ -7224,7 +6996,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger hidden in a house sufficed to bring a furious mob to the door. The mansion of one Jacobite gentleman in Kent had been attacked, and, after a fight in which several shots were fired, had been stormed and pulled down. <a - href="#linknote-278" name="linknoteref-278" id="linknoteref-278"><small>278</small></a> + href="#linknote-278" id="linknoteref-278"><small>278</small></a> Yet such riots were by no means the worst symptoms of the fever which had inflamed the whole society. The exposure of Fuller, in February, had, as it seemed, put an end to the practices of that vile tribe of which Oates @@ -7270,7 +7042,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger signature, and was sentenced to the pillory and to imprisonment. From his dungeon he wrote to implore the Primate's mercy. The letter may still be read with all the original bad grammar and bad spelling. <a - href="#linknote-279" name="linknoteref-279" id="linknoteref-279"><small>279</small></a> + href="#linknote-279" id="linknoteref-279"><small>279</small></a> The writer acknowledged his guilt, wished that his eyes were a fountain of water, declared that he should never know peace till he had received episcopal absolution, and professed a mortal hatred of Dissenters. As all @@ -7388,7 +7160,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Sovereigns; and by his skilful hand had been added to the Form of Prayer used on the fifth of November those sentences in which the Church expresses her gratitude for the second great deliverance wrought on that - day. <a href="#linknote-280" name="linknoteref-280" id="linknoteref-280"><small>280</small></a> + day. <a href="#linknote-280" id="linknoteref-280"><small>280</small></a> Such a man, possessed of a plentiful income, of a seat in the House of Lords, of one agreeable house among the elms of Bromley, and of another in the cloisters of Westminster, was very unlikely to run the risk of @@ -7501,8 +7273,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger such a thing as impeachment, my Lord. When Parliament sits you shall hear more of me." "God give you repentance," answered the Bishop. "For, depend upon it, you are in much more danger of being damned than I of being - impeached." <a href="#linknote-281" name="linknoteref-281" - id="linknoteref-281"><small>281</small></a> + impeached." <a href="#linknote-281" id="linknoteref-281"><small>281</small></a> </p> <p> Forty-eight hours after the detection of this execrable fraud, Marlborough @@ -7547,8 +7318,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger government, for perjury, subornation of perjury, and forgery. He was convicted and imprisoned, was again set in the pillory, and underwent, in addition to the exposure, about which he cared little, such a pelting as - had seldom been known. <a href="#linknote-282" name="linknoteref-282" - id="linknoteref-282"><small>282</small></a> After his punishment, he was, + had seldom been known. <a href="#linknote-282" id="linknoteref-282"><small>282</small></a> After his punishment, he was, during some years, lost in the crowd of pilferers, ringdroppers and sharpers who infested the capital. At length, in the year 1700, he emerged from his obscurity, and excited a momentary interest. The newspapers @@ -7556,20 +7326,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger coining, then that he had been found guilty, then that the dead warrant had come down, and finally that the reverend gentleman had been hanged at Tyburn, and had greatly edified a large assembly of spectators by his - penitence. <a href="#linknote-283" name="linknoteref-283" - id="linknoteref-283"><small>283</small></a> + penitence. <a href="#linknote-283" id="linknoteref-283"><small>283</small></a> </p> <p> - <a name="link2HCH0003" id="link2HCH0003"> + <a id="link2HCH0003"> <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> CHAPTER XIX </h2> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> Foreign Policy of William—The Northern Powers—The Pope—Conduct of the Allies—The Emperor—Spain—William succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition—New Arrangements for the Government of @@ -7592,8 +7361,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger joy at the deliverance wrought for her by the valour of her seamen, important events were taking place on the Continent. On the sixth of March the King had arrived at the Hague, and had proceeded to make his - arrangements for the approaching campaign. <a href="#linknote-284" - name="linknoteref-284" id="linknoteref-284"><small>284</small></a> + arrangements for the approaching campaign. <a href="#linknote-284" id="linknoteref-284"><small>284</small></a> </p> <p> The prospect which lay before him was gloomy. The coalition of which he @@ -7648,8 +7416,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger what William called a Third Party in Europe. The King of Sweden, who, as Duke of Pomerania, was bound to send three thousand men for the defence of the Empire, sent, instead of them, his advice that the allies would make - peace on the best terms which they could get. <a href="#linknote-285" - name="linknoteref-285" id="linknoteref-285"><small>285</small></a> The + peace on the best terms which they could get. <a href="#linknote-285" id="linknoteref-285"><small>285</small></a> The King of Denmark seized a great number of Dutch merchantships, and collected in Holstein an army which caused no small uneasiness to his neighbours. "I fear," William wrote, in an hour of deep dejection, to @@ -7660,8 +7427,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger therefore it is that they are thus bent on working our ruin and their own. That France will now consent to reasonable terms is not to be expected; and it were better to fall sword in hand than to submit to whatever she - may dictate." <a href="#linknote-286" name="linknoteref-286" - id="linknoteref-286"><small>286</small></a> + may dictate." <a href="#linknote-286" id="linknoteref-286"><small>286</small></a> </p> <p> While the King was thus disquieted by the conduct of the Northern powers, @@ -7738,20 +7504,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger accomplished. That prince chose to fancy that he had been slighted, and would not stir till reparation had been made to him. The Duke of Brunswick Lunenburg would not furnish a battalion for the defence of Germany unless - he was made an Elector. <a href="#linknote-287" name="linknoteref-287" - id="linknoteref-287"><small>287</small></a> The Elector of Brandenburg + he was made an Elector. <a href="#linknote-287" id="linknoteref-287"><small>287</small></a> The Elector of Brandenburg declared that he was as hostile as he had ever been to France; but he had been ill used by the Spanish government; and he therefore would not suffer his soldiers to be employed in the defence of the Spanish Netherlands. He was willing to bear his share of the war; but it must be in his own way; he must have the command of a distinct army; and he must be stationed - between the Rhine and the Meuse. <a href="#linknote-288" - name="linknoteref-288" id="linknoteref-288"><small>288</small></a> The + between the Rhine and the Meuse. <a href="#linknote-288" id="linknoteref-288"><small>288</small></a> The Elector of Saxony complained that bad winter quarters had been assigned to his troops; he therefore recalled them just when they should have been preparing to take the field, but very coolly offered to send them back if England and Holland would give him four hundred thousand rixdollars. <a - href="#linknote-289" name="linknoteref-289" id="linknoteref-289"><small>289</small></a> + href="#linknote-289" id="linknoteref-289"><small>289</small></a> </p> <p> It might have been expected that at least the two chiefs of the House of @@ -7775,8 +7539,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger East a force more than sufficient to have defended Piedmont and reconquered Loraine; but he seemed to think that England and Holland were bound to reward him largely for neglecting their interests and pursuing - his own. <a href="#linknote-290" name="linknoteref-290" - id="linknoteref-290"><small>290</small></a> + his own. <a href="#linknote-290" id="linknoteref-290"><small>290</small></a> </p> <p> Spain already was what she continued to be down to our own time. Of the @@ -7796,8 +7559,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger own dignity, and quick to imagine and to resent affronts. So wretched had his education been that, when he was told of the fall of Mons, the most important fortress in his vast empire, he asked whether Mons was in - England. <a href="#linknote-291" name="linknoteref-291" - id="linknoteref-291"><small>291</small></a> Among the ministers who were + England. <a href="#linknote-291" id="linknoteref-291"><small>291</small></a> Among the ministers who were raised up and pulled down by his sickly caprice, was none capable of applying a remedy to the distempers of the State. In truth to brace anew the nerves of that paralysed body would have been a hard task even for @@ -7821,15 +7583,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger were moments when he felt himself overwhelmed, when his spirits sank, when his patience was wearied out, and when his constitutional irritability broke forth. "I cannot," he wrote, "offer a suggestion without being met - by a demand for a subsidy." <a href="#linknote-292" name="linknoteref-292" - id="linknoteref-292"><small>292</small></a> "I have refused point blank," + by a demand for a subsidy." <a href="#linknote-292" id="linknoteref-292"><small>292</small></a> "I have refused point blank," he wrote on another occasion, when he had been importuned for money, "it is impossible that the States General and England can bear the charge of the army on the Rhine, of the army in Piedmont, and of the whole defence of Flanders, to say nothing of the immense cost of the naval war. If our allies can do nothing for themselves, the sooner the alliance goes to - pieces the better." <a href="#linknote-293" name="linknoteref-293" - id="linknoteref-293"><small>293</small></a> But, after every short fit of + pieces the better." <a href="#linknote-293" id="linknoteref-293"><small>293</small></a> But, after every short fit of despondency and ill humour, he called up all the force of his mind, and put a strong curb on his temper. Weak, mean, false, selfish, as too many of the confederates were, it was only by their help that he could @@ -7840,7 +7600,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger therefore to surmount some difficulties and to evade others. The Scandinavian powers he conciliated by waiving, reluctantly indeed, and not without a hard internal struggle, some of his maritime rights. <a - href="#linknote-294" name="linknoteref-294" id="linknoteref-294"><small>294</small></a> + href="#linknote-294" id="linknoteref-294"><small>294</small></a> At Rome his influence, though indirectly exercised, balanced that of the Pope himself. Lewis and James found that they had not a friend at the Vatican except Innocent; and Innocent, whose nature was gentle and @@ -7865,7 +7625,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the King of Spain that neither of them dares to displease him. God help us! He alone can help us." And, as the old man spoke, he beat the table with his hand in an agony of impotent grief and indignation. <a - href="#linknote-295" name="linknoteref-295" id="linknoteref-295"><small>295</small></a> + href="#linknote-295" id="linknoteref-295"><small>295</small></a> </p> <p> To keep the German princes steady was no easy task; but it was @@ -7875,11 +7635,9 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger strong appetite for subsidies, a great desire to be a member of the most select and illustrious orders of knighthood. It seems that, instead of the four hundred thousand rixdollars which he had demanded, he consented to - accept one hundred thousand and the Garter. <a href="#linknote-296" - name="linknoteref-296" id="linknoteref-296"><small>296</small></a> His + accept one hundred thousand and the Garter. <a href="#linknote-296" id="linknoteref-296"><small>296</small></a> His prime minister Schoening, the most covetous and perfidious of mankind, was - secured by a pension. <a href="#linknote-297" name="linknoteref-297" - id="linknoteref-297"><small>297</small></a> For the Duke of Brunswick + secured by a pension. <a href="#linknote-297" id="linknoteref-297"><small>297</small></a> For the Duke of Brunswick Lunenburg, William, not without difficulty, procured the long desired title of Elector of Hanover. By such means as these the breaches which had divided the coalition were so skilfully repaired that it appeared still to @@ -7891,8 +7649,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of the Low Countries, with powers not less than regal. Philip the Second would not easily have believed that, within a century after his death, his greatgrandson would implore the greatgrandson of William the Silent to - exercise the authority of a sovereign at Brussels. <a href="#linknote-298" - name="linknoteref-298" id="linknoteref-298"><small>298</small></a> + exercise the authority of a sovereign at Brussels. <a href="#linknote-298" id="linknoteref-298"><small>298</small></a> </p> <p> The offer was in one sense tempting; but William was too wise to accept @@ -7902,7 +7659,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger countries. Already Gastanaga, mortified by his disgrace, had written to inform the Court of Rome that changes were in contemplation which would make Ghent and Antwerp as heretical as Amsterdam and London. <a - href="#linknote-299" name="linknoteref-299" id="linknoteref-299"><small>299</small></a> + href="#linknote-299" id="linknoteref-299"><small>299</small></a> It had doubtless also occurred to William that if, by governing mildly and justly, and by showing a decent respect for the ceremonies and the ministers of the Roman Catholic religion, he should succeed in obtaining @@ -7927,8 +7684,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger thought it beneath the dignity of the Catholic King to give what had not been asked. Mediation was necessary, and was at last successful. But much time was lost; and the spring was far advanced before the new Governor of - the Netherlands entered on his functions. <a href="#linknote-300" - name="linknoteref-300" id="linknoteref-300"><small>300</small></a> + the Netherlands entered on his functions. <a href="#linknote-300" id="linknoteref-300"><small>300</small></a> </p> <p> William had saved the coalition from the danger of perishing by disunion. @@ -7938,7 +7694,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger every one of them lingered, and wondered why the rest were lingering; and again he who singly wielded the whole power of France was found, as his haughty motto had long boasted, a match for a multitude of adversaries. <a - href="#linknote-301" name="linknoteref-301" id="linknoteref-301"><small>301</small></a> + href="#linknote-301" id="linknoteref-301"><small>301</small></a> His enemies, while still unready, learned with dismay that he had taken the field in person at the head of his nobility. On no occasion had that gallant aristocracy appeared with more splendour in his train. A single @@ -7959,8 +7715,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger become devout, had given up writing for the theatre; and, having determined to apply himself vigorously to the discharge of the duties which belonged to him as historiographer of France, he now came to see the - great events which it was his office to record. <a href="#linknote-302" - name="linknoteref-302" id="linknoteref-302"><small>302</small></a> In the + great events which it was his office to record. <a href="#linknote-302" id="linknoteref-302"><small>302</small></a> In the neighbourhood of Mons, Lewis entertained the ladies with the most magnificent review that had ever been seen in modern Europe. A hundred and twenty thousand of the finest troops in the world were drawn up in a line @@ -7971,8 +7726,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger letter he ventured to give utterance to an amiable wish which he probably took good care not to whisper in the courtly circle: "Would to heaven that all these poor fellows were in their cottages again with their wives and - their little ones!" <a href="#linknote-303" name="linknoteref-303" - id="linknoteref-303"><small>303</small></a> + their little ones!" <a href="#linknote-303" id="linknoteref-303"><small>303</small></a> </p> <p> After this superb pageant Lewis announced his intention of attacking @@ -7982,7 +7736,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger as pioneers. Luxemburg, with eighty thousand men, occupied a strong position on the road between Namur and Brussels, and was prepared to give battle to any force which might attempt to raise the siege. <a - href="#linknote-304" name="linknoteref-304" id="linknoteref-304"><small>304</small></a> + href="#linknote-304" id="linknoteref-304"><small>304</small></a> This partition of duties excited no surprise. It had long been known that the great Monarch loved sieges, and that he did not love battles. He professed to think that the real test of military skill was a siege. The @@ -8019,7 +7773,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </p> <p> By this time the allied armies had assembled; but it was too late. <a - href="#linknote-305" name="linknoteref-305" id="linknoteref-305"><small>305</small></a> + href="#linknote-305" id="linknoteref-305"><small>305</small></a> William hastened towards Namur. He menaced the French works, first from the west, then from the north, then from the east. But between him and the lines of circumvallation lay the army of Luxemburg, turning as he turned, @@ -8048,8 +7802,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger supplied. The governor was a feeble man whom Gastanaga had appointed, and whom William had recently advised the Elector of Bavaria to remove. The spirit of the garrison gave way. The town surrendered on the eighth day of - the siege, the citadel about three weeks later. <a href="#linknote-306" - name="linknoteref-306" id="linknoteref-306"><small>306</small></a> + the siege, the citadel about three weeks later. <a href="#linknote-306" id="linknoteref-306"><small>306</small></a> </p> <p> The history of the fall of Namur in 1692 bears a close resemblance to the @@ -8083,7 +7836,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger respect and by munificent bounty. Whenever they met a French uniform they turned their heads away with a look which showed that a life of prayer, of abstinence and of silence had left one earthly feeling still unsubdued. <a - href="#linknote-307" name="linknoteref-307" id="linknoteref-307"><small>307</small></a> + href="#linknote-307" id="linknoteref-307"><small>307</small></a> </p> <p> This was perhaps the moment at which the arrogance of Lewis reached the @@ -8130,7 +7883,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger he appeared in the circle, the King welcomed him in a loud voice. "I am perfectly satisfied with you and with my sailors. We have been beaten, it is true; but your honour and that of the nation are unsullied." <a - href="#linknote-308" name="linknoteref-308" id="linknoteref-308"><small>308</small></a> + href="#linknote-308" id="linknoteref-308"><small>308</small></a> </p> <p> Though Lewis had quitted the Netherlands, the eyes of all Europe were @@ -8162,8 +7915,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger feeble and sickly. Cruel imputations had been thrown on his morals. He had been accused of trafficking with sorcerers and with vendors of poison, had languished long in a dungeon, and had at length regained his liberty - without entirely regaining his honour. <a href="#linknote-309" - name="linknoteref-309" id="linknoteref-309"><small>309</small></a> He had + without entirely regaining his honour. <a href="#linknote-309" id="linknoteref-309"><small>309</small></a> He had always been disliked both by Louvois and by Lewis. Yet the war against the European coalition had lasted but a very short time when both the minister and the King felt that the general who was personally odious to them was @@ -8218,8 +7970,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger If there were any agreeable women in the neighbourhood of his camp, they were generally to be found at his banquets. It may easily be supposed that, under such a commander, the young princes and nobles of France vied - with one another in splendour and gallantry. <a href="#linknote-310" - name="linknoteref-310" id="linknoteref-310"><small>310</small></a> + with one another in splendour and gallantry. <a href="#linknote-310" id="linknoteref-310"><small>310</small></a> </p> <p> While he was amusing himself after his wonted fashion, the confederate @@ -8335,8 +8086,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Bastile, he had just been exchanged for Richard Hamilton, and, having been converted to Whiggism by wrongs more powerful than all the arguments of Locke and Sidney, had instantly hastened to join William's camp as a - volunteer. <a href="#linknote-311" name="linknoteref-311" - id="linknoteref-311"><small>311</small></a> Five fine regiments were + volunteer. <a href="#linknote-311" id="linknoteref-311"><small>311</small></a> Five fine regiments were entirely cut to pieces. No part of this devoted band would have escaped but for the courage and conduct of Auverquerque, who came to the rescue in the moment of extremity with two fresh battalions. The gallant manner in @@ -8353,7 +8103,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger fall back. It was high time; for the French army was every moment becoming stronger, as the regiments commanded by Boufflers came up in rapid succession. The allied army returned to Lambeque unpursued and in unbroken - order. <a href="#linknote-312" name="linknoteref-312" id="linknoteref-312"><small>312</small></a> + order. <a href="#linknote-312" id="linknoteref-312"><small>312</small></a> </p> <p> The French owned that they had about seven thousand men killed and @@ -8380,7 +8130,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger disorder. It therefore became a fashion among the beauties of Paris to wear round their necks kerchiefs of the finest lace studiously disarranged; and these kerchiefs were called Steinkirks. <a - href="#linknote-313" name="linknoteref-313" id="linknoteref-313"><small>313</small></a> + href="#linknote-313" id="linknoteref-313"><small>313</small></a> </p> <p> In the camp of the allies all was disunion and discontent. National @@ -8425,7 +8175,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger preferred by cunning politicians when very hazardous work is to be done. No shrewd calculator would, for any bribe, however enormous, have exposed himself to the fate of Chatel, of Ravaillac, or of Gerarts. <a - href="#linknote-314" name="linknoteref-314" id="linknoteref-314"><small>314</small></a> + href="#linknote-314" id="linknoteref-314"><small>314</small></a> </p> <p> Grandval secured, as he conceived, the assistance of two adventurers, @@ -8521,8 +8271,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger high profession of religion could have fallen into such wickedness, the answer was that they had learned their religion from the Jesuits. In reply to these reproaches the English Jacobites said very little; and the French - government said nothing at all. <a href="#linknote-315" - name="linknoteref-315" id="linknoteref-315"><small>315</small></a> + government said nothing at all. <a href="#linknote-315" id="linknoteref-315"><small>315</small></a> </p> <p> The campaign in the Netherlands ended without any other event deserving to @@ -8530,8 +8279,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger in the evening of the twentieth he reached Kensington, having traversed the whole length of the capital. His reception was cordial. The crowd was great; the acclamations were loud; and all the windows along his route, - from Aldgate to Piccadilly, were lighted up. <a href="#linknote-316" - name="linknoteref-316" id="linknoteref-316"><small>316</small></a> + from Aldgate to Piccadilly, were lighted up. <a href="#linknote-316" id="linknoteref-316"><small>316</small></a> </p> <p> But, notwithstanding these favourable symptoms, the nation was @@ -8548,7 +8296,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger preparations were made. The allied fleet, having been speedily refitted at Portsmouth, stood out again to sea. Rooke was sent to examine the soundings and the currents along the shore of Brittany. <a - href="#linknote-317" name="linknoteref-317" id="linknoteref-317"><small>317</small></a> + href="#linknote-317" id="linknoteref-317"><small>317</small></a> Transports were collected at Saint Helens. Fourteen thousand troops were assembled on Portsdown under the command of Meinhart Schomberg, who had been rewarded for his father's services and his own with the highest rank @@ -8572,8 +8320,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the fleet. It was then considered whether it would be advisable to make an attempt on Brest or Rochefort. Russell and the other flag officers, among whom were Rooke, Shovel, Almonde and Evertsen, pronounced that the summer - was too far spent for either enterprise. <a href="#linknote-318" - name="linknoteref-318" id="linknoteref-318"><small>318</small></a> We must + was too far spent for either enterprise. <a href="#linknote-318" id="linknoteref-318"><small>318</small></a> We must suppose that an opinion in which so many distinguished admirals, both English and Dutch, concurred, however strange it may seem to us, was in conformity with what were then the established principles of the art of @@ -8582,8 +8329,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger shipped and sent to sea, before it had been considered what they were to do, or whether it would be possible for them to do any thing, we may reasonably wonder. The armament returned to Saint Helens, to the - astonishment and disgust of the whole nation. <a href="#linknote-319" - name="linknoteref-319" id="linknoteref-319"><small>319</small></a> The + astonishment and disgust of the whole nation. <a href="#linknote-319" id="linknoteref-319"><small>319</small></a> The ministers blamed the commanders; the commanders blamed the ministers. The recriminations exchanged between Nottingham and Russell were loud and angry. Nottingham, honest, industrious, versed in civil business, and @@ -8613,8 +8359,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a villain. They now became mortal enemies. The Admiral sneered at the Secretary's ignorance of naval affairs; the Secretary accused the Admiral of sacrificing the public interests to mere wayward humour; and both were - in the right. <a href="#linknote-320" name="linknoteref-320" - id="linknoteref-320"><small>320</small></a> + in the right. <a href="#linknote-320" id="linknoteref-320"><small>320</small></a> </p> <p> While they were wrangling, the merchants of all the ports in the kingdom @@ -8635,7 +8380,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger than that she should be lying a heap of ashes on the beach at Cherburg, while her crew, distributed among twenty brigantines, prowled for booty over the sea between Cape Finisterre and Cape Clear. <a - href="#linknote-321" name="linknoteref-321" id="linknoteref-321"><small>321</small></a> + href="#linknote-321" id="linknoteref-321"><small>321</small></a> </p> <p> The privateers of Dunkirk had long been celebrated; and among them, John @@ -8651,14 +8396,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger even ventured to land in Northumberland, and burned many houses before the trainbands could be collected to oppose him. The prizes which he carried back into his native port were estimated at about a hundred thousand - pounds sterling. <a href="#linknote-322" name="linknoteref-322" - id="linknoteref-322"><small>322</small></a> About the same time a younger + pounds sterling. <a href="#linknote-322" id="linknoteref-322"><small>322</small></a> About the same time a younger adventurer, destined to equal or surpass Bart, Du Guay Trouin, was entrusted with the command of a small armed vessel. The intrepid boy,—for he was not yet twenty years old,—entered the estuary of the Shannon, sacked a mansion in the county of Clare, and did not reimbark till a detachment from the garrison of Limerick marched against him. <a - href="#linknote-323" name="linknoteref-323" id="linknoteref-323"><small>323</small></a> + href="#linknote-323" id="linknoteref-323"><small>323</small></a> </p> <p> While our trade was interrupted and our shores menaced by these rovers, @@ -8671,8 +8415,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger streets, which were said to rival Cheapside, was turned into a mass of ruins. Fifteen hundred of the inhabitants were buried under their own dwellings. The effect of this disaster was severely felt by many of the - great mercantile houses of London and Bristol. <a href="#linknote-324" - name="linknoteref-324" id="linknoteref-324"><small>324</small></a> + great mercantile houses of London and Bristol. <a href="#linknote-324" id="linknoteref-324"><small>324</small></a> </p> <p> A still heavier calamity was the failure of the harvest. The summer had @@ -8695,8 +8438,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger pleasure, who little thought that his buffoonery would ever be cited to illustrate the history of his times, complained that, in this year, wine ceased to be put on many hospitable tables where he had been accustomed to - see it, and that its place was supplied by punch. <a href="#linknote-325" - name="linknoteref-325" id="linknoteref-325"><small>325</small></a> + see it, and that its place was supplied by punch. <a href="#linknote-325" id="linknoteref-325"><small>325</small></a> </p> <p> A symptom of public distress much more alarming than the substitution of @@ -8705,38 +8447,31 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by housebreakers. One gang, thirteen strong, entered the mansion of the Duke of Ormond in Saint James's Square, and all but succeeded in carrying off his magnificent plate and jewels. Another gang made an attempt on - Lambeth Palace. <a href="#linknote-326" name="linknoteref-326" - id="linknoteref-326"><small>326</small></a> When stately abodes, guarded + Lambeth Palace. <a href="#linknote-326" id="linknoteref-326"><small>326</small></a> When stately abodes, guarded by numerous servants, were in such danger, it may easily be believed that no shopkeeper's till or stock could be safe. From Bow to Hyde Park, from Thames Street to Bloomsbury, there was no parish in which some quiet - dwelling had not been sacked by burglars. <a href="#linknote-327" - name="linknoteref-327" id="linknoteref-327"><small>327</small></a> + dwelling had not been sacked by burglars. <a href="#linknote-327" id="linknoteref-327"><small>327</small></a> Meanwhile the great roads were made almost impassable by freebooters who formed themselves into troops larger than had before been known. There was a sworn fraternity of twenty footpads which met at an alehouse in - Southwark. <a href="#linknote-328" name="linknoteref-328" - id="linknoteref-328"><small>328</small></a> But the most formidable band - of plunderers consisted of two and twenty horsemen. <a href="#linknote-329" - name="linknoteref-329" id="linknoteref-329"><small>329</small></a> It + Southwark. <a href="#linknote-328" id="linknoteref-328"><small>328</small></a> But the most formidable band + of plunderers consisted of two and twenty horsemen. <a href="#linknote-329" id="linknoteref-329"><small>329</small></a> It should seem that, at this time, a journey of fifty miles through the wealthiest and most populous shires of England was as dangerous as a pilgrimage across the deserts of Arabia. The Oxford stage coach was - pillaged in broad day after a bloody fight. <a href="#linknote-330" - name="linknoteref-330" id="linknoteref-330"><small>330</small></a> A + pillaged in broad day after a bloody fight. <a href="#linknote-330" id="linknoteref-330"><small>330</small></a> A waggon laden with fifteen thousand pounds of public money was stopped and ransacked. As this operation took some time, all the travellers who came to the spot while the thieves were busy were seized and guarded. When the booty had been secured the prisoners were suffered to depart on foot; but their horses, sixteen or eighteen in number, were shot or hamstringed, to - prevent pursuit. <a href="#linknote-331" name="linknoteref-331" - id="linknoteref-331"><small>331</small></a> The Portsmouth mail was robbed - twice in one week by men well armed and mounted. <a href="#linknote-332" - name="linknoteref-332" id="linknoteref-332"><small>332</small></a> Some + prevent pursuit. <a href="#linknote-331" id="linknoteref-331"><small>331</small></a> The Portsmouth mail was robbed + twice in one week by men well armed and mounted. <a href="#linknote-332" id="linknoteref-332"><small>332</small></a> Some jovial Essex squires, while riding after a hare, were themselves chased and run down by nine hunters of a different sort, and were heartily glad to find themselves at home again, though with empty pockets. <a - href="#linknote-333" name="linknoteref-333" id="linknoteref-333"><small>333</small></a> + href="#linknote-333" id="linknoteref-333"><small>333</small></a> </p> <p> The friends of the government asserted that the marauders were all @@ -8744,14 +8479,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger assertion. For example, fifteen butchers, going on a market day to buy beasts at Thame, were stopped by a large gang, and compelled first to deliver their moneybags, and then to drink King James's health in brandy. - <a href="#linknote-334" name="linknoteref-334" id="linknoteref-334"><small>334</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-334" id="linknoteref-334"><small>334</small></a> The thieves, however, to do them justice, showed, in the exercise of their calling, no decided preference for any political party. Some of them fell in with Marlborough near Saint Albans, and, notwithstanding his known hostility to the Court and his recent imprisonment, compelled him to deliver up five hundred guineas, which he doubtless never ceased to regret to the last moment of his long career of prosperity and glory. <a - href="#linknote-335" name="linknoteref-335" id="linknoteref-335"><small>335</small></a> + href="#linknote-335" id="linknoteref-335"><small>335</small></a> </p> <p> When William, on his return from the Continent, learned to what an extent @@ -8760,40 +8495,35 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger robber was induced to turn informer, and to lay before the King a list of the chief highwaymen, and a full account of their habits and of their favourite haunts. It was said that this list contained not less than - eighty names. <a href="#linknote-336" name="linknoteref-336" - id="linknoteref-336"><small>336</small></a> Strong parties of cavalry were + eighty names. <a href="#linknote-336" id="linknoteref-336"><small>336</small></a> Strong parties of cavalry were sent out to protect the roads; and this precaution, which would, in ordinary circumstances, have excited much murmuring, seems to have been generally approved. A fine regiment, now called the Second Dragoon Guards, which had distinguished itself in Ireland by activity and success in the irregular war against the Rapparees, was selected to guard several of the great avenues of the capital. Blackheath, Barnet, Hounslow, became places - of arms. <a href="#linknote-337" name="linknoteref-337" - id="linknoteref-337"><small>337</small></a> In a few weeks the roads were + of arms. <a href="#linknote-337" id="linknoteref-337"><small>337</small></a> In a few weeks the roads were as safe as usual. The executions were numerous for, till the evil had been suppressed, the King resolutely refused to listen to any solicitations for - mercy. <a href="#linknote-338" name="linknoteref-338" id="linknoteref-338"><small>338</small></a> + mercy. <a href="#linknote-338" id="linknoteref-338"><small>338</small></a> Among those who suffered was James Whitney, the most celebrated captain of banditti in the kingdom. He had been, during some months, the terror of all who travelled from London either northward or westward, and was at length with difficulty secured after a desperate conflict in which one - soldier was killed and several wounded. <a href="#linknote-339" - name="linknoteref-339" id="linknoteref-339"><small>339</small></a> The + soldier was killed and several wounded. <a href="#linknote-339" id="linknoteref-339"><small>339</small></a> The London Gazette announced that the famous highwayman had been taken, and invited all persons who had been robbed by him to repair to Newgate and to see whether they could identify him. To identify him should have been easy; for he had a wound in the face, and had lost a thumb. <a - href="#linknote-340" name="linknoteref-340" id="linknoteref-340"><small>340</small></a> + href="#linknote-340" id="linknoteref-340"><small>340</small></a> He, however, in the hope of perplexing the witnesses for the Crown, expended a hundred pounds in procuring a sumptuous embroidered suit against the day of trial. This ingenious device was frustrated by his hardhearted keepers. He was put to the bar in his ordinary clothes, - convicted and sentenced to death. <a href="#linknote-341" - name="linknoteref-341" id="linknoteref-341"><small>341</small></a> He had + convicted and sentenced to death. <a href="#linknote-341" id="linknoteref-341"><small>341</small></a> He had previously tried to ransom himself by offering to raise a fine troop of cavalry, all highwaymen, for service in Flanders; but his offer had been - rejected. <a href="#linknote-342" name="linknoteref-342" - id="linknoteref-342"><small>342</small></a> He had one resource still + rejected. <a href="#linknote-342" id="linknoteref-342"><small>342</small></a> He had one resource still left. He declared that he was privy to a treasonable plot. Some Jacobite lords had promised him immense rewards if he would, at the head of his gang, fall upon the King at a stag hunt in Windsor Forest. There was @@ -8806,7 +8536,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger let the law take its course. William, never much inclined to give credit to stories about conspiracies, assented. The Captain, as he was called, was hanged in Smithfield, and made a most penitent end. <a - href="#linknote-343" name="linknoteref-343" id="linknoteref-343"><small>343</small></a> + href="#linknote-343" id="linknoteref-343"><small>343</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile, in the midst of discontent, distress and disorder, had begun a @@ -8848,11 +8578,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger him to call on them to make sacrifices; but from sacrifices which were necessary to the safety of the English nation and of the Protestant religion no good Englishman and no good Protestant would shrink. <a - href="#linknote-344" name="linknoteref-344" id="linknoteref-344"><small>344</small></a> + href="#linknote-344" id="linknoteref-344"><small>344</small></a> </p> <p> The Commons thanked the King in cordial terms for his gracious speech. <a - href="#linknote-345" name="linknoteref-345" id="linknoteref-345"><small>345</small></a> + href="#linknote-345" id="linknoteref-345"><small>345</small></a> But the Lords were in a bad humour. Two of their body, Marlborough and Huntingdon, had, during the recess, when an invasion and an insurrection were hourly expected, been sent to the Tower, and were still under @@ -8871,7 +8601,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Jacobites, who had hoped that the quarrel would be prosecuted to some fatal issue, and who, finding themselves disappointed, vented their spleen by railing at the tameness of the degenerate barons of England. <a - href="#linknote-346" name="linknoteref-346" id="linknoteref-346"><small>346</small></a> + href="#linknote-346" id="linknoteref-346"><small>346</small></a> </p> <p> Both Houses held long and earnest deliberations on the state of the @@ -8888,8 +8618,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to thirty-six. On this occasion the ministers, with scarcely an exception, voted in the majority. A protest was signed by eighteen of the minority, among whom were the bitterest Whigs and the bitterest Tories in the whole - peerage. <a href="#linknote-347" name="linknoteref-347" - id="linknoteref-347"><small>347</small></a> + peerage. <a href="#linknote-347" id="linknoteref-347"><small>347</small></a> </p> <p> The Houses inquired, each for itself, into the causes of the public @@ -8903,8 +8632,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger matters up. A third described the machinations of the Jacobites in the preceding spring. It was notorious, he said, that preparations had been made for a rising, and that arms and horses had been collected; yet not a - single traitor had been brought to justice. <a href="#linknote-348" - name="linknoteref-348" id="linknoteref-348"><small>348</small></a> + single traitor had been brought to justice. <a href="#linknote-348" id="linknoteref-348"><small>348</small></a> </p> <p> The events of the war by land and sea furnished matter for several earnest @@ -8951,7 +8679,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger language not very parliamentary, that what had been said in the Committee would be reported to the King, and that His Majesty would not disregard the general wish of the representatives of his people. <a - href="#linknote-349" name="linknoteref-349" id="linknoteref-349"><small>349</small></a> + href="#linknote-349" id="linknoteref-349"><small>349</small></a> </p> <p> The Commons next proceeded to inquire into the naval administration, and @@ -8965,8 +8693,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger hardly be said to mean any thing. It was understood however to imply a censure on Nottingham, and was therefore strongly opposed by his friends. On the division the Ayes were a hundred and sixty-five, the Noes a hundred - and sixty-four. <a href="#linknote-350" name="linknoteref-350" - id="linknoteref-350"><small>350</small></a> + and sixty-four. <a href="#linknote-350" id="linknoteref-350"><small>350</small></a> </p> <p> On the very next day Nottingham appealed to the Lords. He told his story @@ -8980,8 +8707,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger papers down to the Commons with a message which imported that, in the opinion of the Upper House, there was a case against the Admiral which he ought to be called upon to answer. With the papers was sent an abstract of - the contents. <a href="#linknote-351" name="linknoteref-351" - id="linknoteref-351"><small>351</small></a> + the contents. <a href="#linknote-351" id="linknoteref-351"><small>351</small></a> </p> <p> The message was not very respectfully received. Russell had, at that @@ -9010,8 +8736,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger been faultless. The vote of censure on Nottingham was not pressed. The vote which pronounced Russell's conduct to have been deserving of all praise was communicated to the Lords; and the papers which they had sent - down were very unceremoniously returned. <a href="#linknote-352" - name="linknoteref-352" id="linknoteref-352"><small>352</small></a> The + down were very unceremoniously returned. <a href="#linknote-352" id="linknoteref-352"><small>352</small></a> The Lords, much offended, demanded a free conference. It was granted; and the managers of the two Houses met in the Painted Chamber. Rochester, in the name of his brethren, expressed a wish to be informed of the grounds on @@ -9019,7 +8744,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger gentlemen who stood on the other side of the table answered only that they had not been authorised to give any explanation, but that they would report to those who had sent them what had been said. <a - href="#linknote-353" name="linknoteref-353" id="linknoteref-353"><small>353</small></a> + href="#linknote-353" id="linknoteref-353"><small>353</small></a> </p> <p> By this time the Commons were thoroughly tired of the inquiry into the @@ -9056,7 +8781,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger House. One of them was rejected; the others were suffered to drop; and the Commons, after considering during several weeks what advice they should give to the King, ended by giving him no advice at all. <a - href="#linknote-354" name="linknoteref-354" id="linknoteref-354"><small>354</small></a> + href="#linknote-354" id="linknoteref-354"><small>354</small></a> </p> <p> The temper of the Lords was different. From many circumstances it appears @@ -9069,8 +8794,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger in his pride. His chance of the Garter was much smaller since they had become his competitors. He might have been Master of the Horse but for Auverquerque, Master of the Robes but for Zulestein, Groom of the Stole - but for Bentinck. <a href="#linknote-355" name="linknoteref-355" - id="linknoteref-355"><small>355</small></a> The ill humour of the + but for Bentinck. <a href="#linknote-355" id="linknoteref-355"><small>355</small></a> The ill humour of the aristocracy was inflamed by Marlborough, who, at this time, affected the character of a patriot persecuted for standing up against the Dutch in defence of the interests of his native land, and who did not foresee that @@ -9089,7 +8813,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger ignoble malevolence to Holland, William, who troubled himself little about votes of the Upper House which were not backed by the Lower, returned, as might have been expected, a very short and dry answer. <a - href="#linknote-356" name="linknoteref-356" id="linknoteref-356"><small>356</small></a> + href="#linknote-356" id="linknoteref-356"><small>356</small></a> </p> <p> While the inquiry into the conduct of the war was pending, the Commons @@ -9127,7 +8851,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the war with France. When the report was brought up the House divided on this amendment, and ratified it by a hundred and forty-five votes to a hundred and twenty-five. The bill was consequently suffered to drop. <a - href="#linknote-357" name="linknoteref-357" id="linknoteref-357"><small>357</small></a> + href="#linknote-357" id="linknoteref-357"><small>357</small></a> Had it gone up to the Peers it would in all probability have been lost after causing another quarrel between the Houses. For the Peers were fully determined that no such bill should pass, unless it contained a clause @@ -9148,8 +8872,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger ever trod the boards. Queen Mary, whose knowledge was very superficial, but who had naturally a quick perception of what was excellent in art, admired him greatly. He was a dramatist as well as a player, and has left - us one comedy which is not contemptible. <a href="#linknote-358" - name="linknoteref-358" id="linknoteref-358"><small>358</small></a> + us one comedy which is not contemptible. <a href="#linknote-358" id="linknoteref-358"><small>358</small></a> </p> <p> The most popular actress of the time was Anne Bracegirdle. There were on @@ -9167,7 +8890,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger her charms was increased by the fame of a severity which cost her nothing, and who could venture to flirt with a succession of admirers in the just confidence that no flame which she might kindle in them would thaw her own - ice. <a href="#linknote-359" name="linknoteref-359" id="linknoteref-359"><small>359</small></a> + ice. <a href="#linknote-359" id="linknoteref-359"><small>359</small></a> Among those who pursued her with an insane desire was a profligate captain in the army named Hill. With Hill was closely bound in a league of debauchery and violence Charles Lord Mohun, a young nobleman whose life @@ -9221,8 +8944,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger opinion, Whigs, Tories, Nonjurors, condemn the partiality of the tribunal. It was not to be expected that, while the memory of this scandal was fresh in the public mind, the Commons would be induced to give any new advantage - to accused peers. <a href="#linknote-360" name="linknoteref-360" - id="linknoteref-360"><small>360</small></a> + to accused peers. <a href="#linknote-360" id="linknoteref-360"><small>360</small></a> </p> <p> The Commons had, in the meantime, resumed the consideration of another @@ -9240,7 +8962,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger do so in the way which they had pointed out, he had tried to prevail on the old Company to agree to a compromise; but that body stood obstinately on its extreme rights; and his endeavours had been frustrated. <a - href="#linknote-361" name="linknoteref-361" id="linknoteref-361"><small>361</small></a> + href="#linknote-361" id="linknoteref-361"><small>361</small></a> </p> <p> This message reopened the whole question. The two factions which divided @@ -9252,7 +8974,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger necessary. He promised to bear the subject in mind, and to do his best to promote the welfare of the kingdom. With this answer the House was satisfied, and the subject was not again mentioned till the next session. - <a href="#linknote-362" name="linknoteref-362" id="linknoteref-362"><small>362</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-362" id="linknoteref-362"><small>362</small></a> </p> <p> The debates of the Commons on the conduct of the war, on the law of @@ -9266,8 +8988,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger her fleets. But this doctrine, which speedily became and long continued to be the badge of one of the great parties in the state, was as yet professed only by a small minority which did not venture to call for a - division. <a href="#linknote-363" name="linknoteref-363" - id="linknoteref-363"><small>363</small></a> + division. <a href="#linknote-363" id="linknoteref-363"><small>363</small></a> </p> <p> In the Committee of Ways and Means, it was determined that a great part of @@ -9284,8 +9005,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger rate was in truth less than twopence in the pound. In the time of Charles the First a real tax of four shillings in the pound on land would probably have yielded near a million and a half; but a subsidy amounted to little - more than fifty thousand pounds. <a href="#linknote-364" - name="linknoteref-364" id="linknoteref-364"><small>364</small></a> + more than fifty thousand pounds. <a href="#linknote-364" id="linknoteref-364"><small>364</small></a> </p> <p> The financiers of the Long Parliament devised a more efficient mode of @@ -9331,8 +9051,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger it. A great part has been redeemed; and at present little more than a fiftieth of the ordinary revenue required in time of peace is raised by that impost which was once regarded as the most productive of all the - resources of the State. <a href="#linknote-365" name="linknoteref-365" - id="linknoteref-365"><small>365</small></a> + resources of the State. <a href="#linknote-365" id="linknoteref-365"><small>365</small></a> </p> <p> The land tax was fixed, for the year 1693, at four shillings in the pound, @@ -9391,8 +9110,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger for the dignity of their caste. Another conference was held; and Rochester announced that the Lords, for the sake of the public interest, waived what they must nevertheless assert to be their clear right, and would not - insist on their amendment. <a href="#linknote-366" name="linknoteref-366" - id="linknoteref-366"><small>366</small></a> The bill passed, and was + insist on their amendment. <a href="#linknote-366" id="linknoteref-366"><small>366</small></a> The bill passed, and was followed by bills for laying additional duties on imports, and for taxing the dividends of joint stock companies. </p> @@ -9402,8 +9120,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 1693; and it seemed probable that the charge for 1693 would exceed by about five hundred thousand pounds the charge for 1692. More than two millions had been voted for the army and ordnance, near two millions for - the navy. <a href="#linknote-367" name="linknoteref-367" - id="linknoteref-367"><small>367</small></a> Only eight years before + the navy. <a href="#linknote-367" id="linknoteref-367"><small>367</small></a> Only eight years before fourteen hundred thousand pounds had defrayed the whole annual charge of government. More than four times that sum was now required. Taxation, both direct and indirect, had been carried to an unprecedented point; yet the @@ -9512,7 +9229,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger for ten thousand solid guineas, than to load a ship with a well chosen cargo for Virginia or the Levant. Every day some new bubble was puffed into existence, rose buoyant, shone bright, burst, and was forgotten. <a - href="#linknote-368" name="linknoteref-368" id="linknoteref-368"><small>368</small></a> + href="#linknote-368" id="linknoteref-368"><small>368</small></a> </p> <p> The new form which covetousness had taken furnished the comic poets and @@ -9611,7 +9328,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the sake of present ease. No member ventured to divide the House. On the twentieth of January the bill was read a third time, carried up to the Lords by Somers, and passed by them without any amendment. <a - href="#linknote-369" name="linknoteref-369" id="linknoteref-369"><small>369</small></a> + href="#linknote-369" id="linknoteref-369"><small>369</small></a> </p> <p> By this memorable law new duties were imposed on beer and other liquors. @@ -9668,7 +9385,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger revenues of the island north of Trent and west of Reading were mortgaged. Better for us to have been conquered by Prussia or Austria than to be saddled with the interest of a hundred and forty millions. <a - href="#linknote-370" name="linknoteref-370" id="linknoteref-370"><small>370</small></a> + href="#linknote-370" id="linknoteref-370"><small>370</small></a> And yet this great philosopher—for such he was—had only to open his eyes, and to see improvement all around him, cities increasing, cultivation extending, marts too small for the crowd of buyers and @@ -9683,8 +9400,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was, the nation did actually sustain it and thrive under it in a way which nobody could have foreseen. But he warned his countrymen not to repeat so hazardous an experiment. The limit had been reached. Even a small increase - might be fatal. <a href="#linknote-371" name="linknoteref-371" - id="linknoteref-371"><small>371</small></a> Not less gloomy was the view + might be fatal. <a href="#linknote-371" id="linknoteref-371"><small>371</small></a> Not less gloomy was the view which George Grenville, a minister eminently diligent and practical, took of our financial situation. The nation must, he conceived, sink under a debt of a hundred and forty millions, unless a portion of the load were @@ -9813,12 +9529,10 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger representatives to the House of Commons. Even then, however, there was no want of startling anomalies. Looe, East and West, which contained not half the population or half the wealth of the smallest of the hundred parishes - of London, returned as many members as London. <a href="#linknote-372" - name="linknoteref-372" id="linknoteref-372"><small>372</small></a> Old + of London, returned as many members as London. <a href="#linknote-372" id="linknoteref-372"><small>372</small></a> Old Sarum, a deserted ruin which the traveller feared to enter at night lest he should find robbers lurking there, had as much weight in the - legislature as Devonshire or Yorkshire. <a href="#linknote-373" - name="linknoteref-373" id="linknoteref-373"><small>373</small></a> Some + legislature as Devonshire or Yorkshire. <a href="#linknote-373" id="linknoteref-373"><small>373</small></a> Some eminent individuals of both parties, Clarendon, for example, among the Tories, and Pollexfen among the Whigs, condemned this system. Yet both parties were, for very different reasons, unwilling to alter it. It was @@ -10027,7 +9741,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger which is perhaps the most judicious and instructive of all his writings, left us a warning against a class of laws artfully framed to delude the vulgar, democratic in seeming, but oligarchic in effect. <a - href="#linknote-374" name="linknoteref-374" id="linknoteref-374"><small>374</small></a> + href="#linknote-374" id="linknoteref-374"><small>374</small></a> Had he had an opportunity of studying the history of the English constitution, he might easily have enlarged his list of such laws. That men who are in the service and pay of the Crown ought not to sit in an @@ -10077,8 +9791,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had got, and to get as many more places as he could before the next dissolution of Parliament, an event which might not happen for many years. But a member who should be chosen after the first of February 1693 was not - to be permitted to accept any place whatever. <a href="#linknote-375" - name="linknoteref-375" id="linknoteref-375"><small>375</small></a> + to be permitted to accept any place whatever. <a href="#linknote-375" id="linknoteref-375"><small>375</small></a> </p> <p> In the House of Commons the bill passed through all its stages rapidly and @@ -10125,8 +9838,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger against William. Marlborough, who, since his imprisonment, had gone all lengths in opposition to the government, not only put his own name to the protest, but made the Prince of Denmark sign what it was altogether beyond - the faculties of His Royal Highness to comprehend. <a href="#linknote-376" - name="linknoteref-376" id="linknoteref-376"><small>376</small></a> + the faculties of His Royal Highness to comprehend. <a href="#linknote-376" id="linknoteref-376"><small>376</small></a> </p> <p> It is a remarkable circumstance that neither Caermarthen, the first in @@ -10155,8 +9867,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was very little in the habit of siding with the people against the throne, supported Shrewsbury. "My Lord," said the King to Caermarthen, with bitter displeasure, "you will live to repent the part which you are taking in - this matter." <a href="#linknote-377" name="linknoteref-377" - id="linknoteref-377"><small>377</small></a> The warning was disregarded; + this matter." <a href="#linknote-377" id="linknoteref-377"><small>377</small></a> The warning was disregarded; and the bill, having passed the Lords smoothly and rapidly, was carried with great solemnity by two judges to the Commons. </p> @@ -10227,8 +9938,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger hundred and sixty-one. The Lords agreed to the bill as amended; and nothing was wanting but the royal assent. Whether that assent would or would not be given was a question which remained in suspense till the last - day of the session. <a href="#linknote-378" name="linknoteref-378" - id="linknoteref-378"><small>378</small></a> + day of the session. <a href="#linknote-378" id="linknoteref-378"><small>378</small></a> </p> <p> One strange inconsistency in the conduct of the reformers of that @@ -10305,7 +10015,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger extolled as a most impartial and humane man. But the conduct which obtained their applause drew on him the abuse of the Tories, and was not altogether pleasing to his official superior Nottingham. <a - href="#linknote-379" name="linknoteref-379" id="linknoteref-379"><small>379</small></a> + href="#linknote-379" id="linknoteref-379"><small>379</small></a> No serious difference however seems to have arisen till the year 1692. In that year an honest old clergyman named Walker, who had, in the time of the Commonwealth, been Gauden's curate, wrote a book which convinced all @@ -10318,7 +10028,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger In truth the Icon was to many fervent Royalists a supplementary revelation. One of them indeed had gone so far as to propose that lessons taken out of the inestimable little volume should be read in the churches. - <a href="#linknote-380" name="linknoteref-380" id="linknoteref-380"><small>380</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-380" id="linknoteref-380"><small>380</small></a> Fraser found it necessary to resign his place; and Nottingham appointed a gentleman of good blood and scanty fortune named Edmund Bohun. This change of men produced an immediate and total change of system; for Bohun was as @@ -10341,7 +10051,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger which had satisfied the weak and narrow mind of Bohun was a mere fiction, and, had it been a truth, would have been a truth not to be uttered by Englishmen without agonies of shame and mortification. <a - href="#linknote-381" name="linknoteref-381" id="linknoteref-381"><small>381</small></a> + href="#linknote-381" id="linknoteref-381"><small>381</small></a> He however clung to his favourite whimsy with a tenacity which the general disapprobation only made more intense. His old friends, the stedfast adherents of indefeasible hereditary right, grew cold and reserved. He @@ -10370,7 +10080,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger divine right and passive obedience. Julian Johnson found that, if he wished to promulgate his notions of government, he must again have recourse, as in the evil times of King James, to a secret press. <a - href="#linknote-382" name="linknoteref-382" id="linknoteref-382"><small>382</small></a> + href="#linknote-382" id="linknoteref-382"><small>382</small></a> Such restraint as this, coming after several years of unbounded freedom, naturally produced violent exasperation. Some Whigs began to think that the censorship itself was a grievance; all Whigs agreed in pronouncing the @@ -10389,23 +10099,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </p> <p> There was then about town a man of good family, of some reading, and of - some small literary talent, named Charles Blount. <a href="#linknote-383" - name="linknoteref-383" id="linknoteref-383"><small>383</small></a> In + some small literary talent, named Charles Blount. <a href="#linknote-383" id="linknoteref-383"><small>383</small></a> In politics he belonged to the extreme section of the Whig party. In the days of the Exclusion Bill he had been one of Shaftesbury's brisk boys, and had, under the signature of Junius Brutus, magnified the virtues and public services of Titus Oates, and exhorted the Protestants to take signal vengeance on the Papists for the fire of London and for the murder - of Godfrey. <a href="#linknote-384" name="linknoteref-384" - id="linknoteref-384"><small>384</small></a> As to the theological + of Godfrey. <a href="#linknote-384" id="linknoteref-384"><small>384</small></a> As to the theological questions which were in issue between Protestants and Papists, Blount was perfectly impartial. He was an infidel, and the head of a small school of infidels who were troubled with a morbid desire to make converts. He translated from the Latin translation part of the Life of Apollonius of Tyana, and appended to it notes of which the flippant profaneness called forth the severe censure of an unbeliever of a very different order, the - illustrious Bayle. <a href="#linknote-385" name="linknoteref-385" - id="linknoteref-385"><small>385</small></a> Blount also attacked + illustrious Bayle. <a href="#linknote-385" id="linknoteref-385"><small>385</small></a> Blount also attacked Christianity in several original treatises, or rather in several treatises purporting to be original; for he was the most audacious of literary thieves, and transcribed, without acknowledgment, whole pages from authors @@ -10420,7 +10127,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and slander, and whose memory is still preserved, not by his own voluminous works, but by two or three lines in which his stupidity and venality have been contemptuously mentioned by Pope. <a - href="#linknote-386" name="linknoteref-386" id="linknoteref-386"><small>386</small></a> + href="#linknote-386" id="linknoteref-386"><small>386</small></a> </p> <p> Little as either the intellectual or the moral character of Blount may @@ -10429,13 +10136,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger licensers there was a feud of long standing. Before the Revolution one of his heterodox treatises had been grievously mutilated by Lestrange, and at last suppressed by orders from Lestrange's superior the Bishop of London. - <a href="#linknote-387" name="linknoteref-387" id="linknoteref-387"><small>387</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-387" id="linknoteref-387"><small>387</small></a> Bohun was a scarcely less severe critic than Lestrange. Blount therefore began to make war on the censorship and the censor. The hostilities were commenced by a tract which came forth without any license, and which is entitled A Just Vindication of Learning and of the Liberty of the Press, - by Philopatris. <a href="#linknote-388" name="linknoteref-388" - id="linknoteref-388"><small>388</small></a> Whoever reads this piece, and + by Philopatris. <a href="#linknote-388" id="linknoteref-388"><small>388</small></a> Whoever reads this piece, and is not aware that Blount was one of the most unscrupulous plagiaries that ever lived, will be surprised to find, mingled with the poor thoughts and poor words of a thirdrate pamphleteer, passages so elevated in sentiment @@ -10449,13 +10155,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Ionian friezes and propped cowhouses on pillars of lazulite. Blount concluded, as Milton had done, by recommending that any book might be printed without a license, provided that the name of the author or - publisher were registered. <a href="#linknote-389" name="linknoteref-389" - id="linknoteref-389"><small>389</small></a> The Just Vindication was well + publisher were registered. <a href="#linknote-389" id="linknoteref-389"><small>389</small></a> The Just Vindication was well received. The blow was speedily followed up. There still remained in the Areopagitica many fine passages which Blount had not used in his first pamphlet. Out of these passages he constructed a second pamphlet entitled - Reasons for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing. <a href="#linknote-390" - name="linknoteref-390" id="linknoteref-390"><small>390</small></a> To + Reasons for the Liberty of Unlicensed Printing. <a href="#linknote-390" id="linknoteref-390"><small>390</small></a> To these Reasons he appended a postscript entitled A Just and True Character of Edmund Bohun. This character was written with extreme bitterness. Passages were quoted from the licenser's writings to prove that he held @@ -10470,8 +10174,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger circulated. While it was passing from hand to hand, and while the Whigs were every where exclaiming against the new censor as a second Lestrange, he was requested to authorise the publication of an anonymous work - entitled King William and Queen Mary Conquerors. <a href="#linknote-391" - name="linknoteref-391" id="linknoteref-391"><small>391</small></a> He + entitled King William and Queen Mary Conquerors. <a href="#linknote-391" id="linknoteref-391"><small>391</small></a> He readily and indeed eagerly complied. For in truth there was between the doctrines which he had long professed and the doctrines which were propounded in this treatise a coincidence so exact that many suspected him @@ -10501,8 +10204,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger further. Only four days after the publication he heard that the House of Commons had taken the matter up, that the book had been called by some members a rascally book, and that, as the author was unknown, the Serjeant - at Arms was in search of the licenser. <a href="#linknote-392" - name="linknoteref-392" id="linknoteref-392"><small>392</small></a> Bohun's + at Arms was in search of the licenser. <a href="#linknote-392" id="linknoteref-392"><small>392</small></a> Bohun's mind had never been strong; and he was entirely unnerved and bewildered by the fury and suddenness of the storm which had burst upon him. He went to the House. Most of the members whom he met in the passages and lobbies @@ -10517,7 +10219,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger division, that the King should be requested to remove Bohun from the office of licenser. The poor man, ready to faint with grief and fear, was conducted by the officers of the House to a place of confinement. <a - href="#linknote-393" name="linknoteref-393" id="linknoteref-393"><small>393</small></a> + href="#linknote-393" id="linknoteref-393"><small>393</small></a> </p> <p> But scarcely was he in his prison when a large body of members clamorously @@ -10551,7 +10253,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of her husband, and of all who were favoured by either. It was known that the Queen frequently consulted Burnet; and Howe was possessed with the belief that her severity was to be imputed to Burnet's influence. <a - href="#linknote-394" name="linknoteref-394" id="linknoteref-394"><small>394</small></a> + href="#linknote-394" id="linknoteref-394"><small>394</small></a> Now was the time to be revenged. In a long and elaborate speech the spiteful Whig—for such he still affected to be—represented Burnet as a Tory of the worst class. "There should be a law," he said, @@ -10576,11 +10278,9 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the subject by moving the previous question failed. At length the main question was put; and the Pastoral Letter was condemned to the flames by a small majority in a full house. The Ayes were a hundred and sixty-two; the - Noes a hundred and fifty-five. <a href="#linknote-395" - name="linknoteref-395" id="linknoteref-395"><small>395</small></a> The + Noes a hundred and fifty-five. <a href="#linknote-395" id="linknoteref-395"><small>395</small></a> The general opinion, at least of the capital, seems to have been that Burnet - was cruelly treated. <a href="#linknote-396" name="linknoteref-396" - id="linknoteref-396"><small>396</small></a> + was cruelly treated. <a href="#linknote-396" id="linknoteref-396"><small>396</small></a> </p> <p> He was not naturally a man of fine feelings; and the life which he had led @@ -10601,8 +10301,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and sometimes relates with amusing ingenuousness his own mistakes and the censures which those mistakes brought upon him. But about the ignominious judgment passed by the House of Commons on his Pastoral Letter he has - preserved a most significant silence. <a href="#linknote-397" - name="linknoteref-397" id="linknoteref-397"><small>397</small></a> + preserved a most significant silence. <a href="#linknote-397" id="linknoteref-397"><small>397</small></a> </p> <p> The plot which ruined Bohun, though it did no honour to those who @@ -10638,7 +10337,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger very seldom petitioned Parliament against it or for it. The only petitions therefore which were at this conjuncture presented to the two Houses against the censorship came from booksellers, bookbinders and printers. <a - href="#linknote-398" name="linknoteref-398" id="linknoteref-398"><small>398</small></a> + href="#linknote-398" id="linknoteref-398"><small>398</small></a> But the opinion which these classes expressed was certainly not confined to them. </p> @@ -10659,7 +10358,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger political parties, but all distinguished by their literary attainments. It is to be lamented that the signatures of Tillotson and Burnet, who were both present on that day, should be wanting. Dorset was absent. <a - href="#linknote-399" name="linknoteref-399" id="linknoteref-399"><small>399</small></a> + href="#linknote-399" id="linknoteref-399"><small>399</small></a> </p> <p> Blount, by whose exertions and machinations the opposition to the @@ -10672,7 +10371,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger died. He has often been mentioned as a blasphemer and selfmurderer. But the important service which, by means doubtless most immoral and dishonourable, he rendered to his country, has passed almost unnoticed. <a - href="#linknote-400" name="linknoteref-400" id="linknoteref-400"><small>400</small></a> + href="#linknote-400" id="linknoteref-400"><small>400</small></a> </p> <p> Late in this busy and eventful session the attention of the Houses was @@ -10709,8 +10408,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger himself a greater storm of obloquy by his few good acts than by his many bad acts. The clamour against him was so violent that he was removed; and Sidney went over, with the full power and dignity of Lord Lieutenant, to - hold a Parliament at Dublin. <a href="#linknote-401" name="linknoteref-401" - id="linknoteref-401"><small>401</small></a> + hold a Parliament at Dublin. <a href="#linknote-401" id="linknoteref-401"><small>401</small></a> </p> <p> But the easy temper and graceful manners of Sidney failed to produce a @@ -10733,8 +10431,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger them a parliamentary ratification of that odious contract, a contract which gave a licence to the idolatry of the mass, and which prevented good Protestants from ruining their Popish neighbours by bringing civil actions - for injuries done during the war. <a href="#linknote-402" - name="linknoteref-402" id="linknoteref-402"><small>402</small></a> + for injuries done during the war. <a href="#linknote-402" id="linknoteref-402"><small>402</small></a> </p> <p> On the fifth of October 1692 the Parliament met at Dublin in Chichester @@ -10755,8 +10452,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by his name, had provided that no bill which had not been considered and approved by the Privy Council of England should be brought into either House in Ireland, and that every bill so considered and approved should be - either passed without amendment or rejected. <a href="#linknote-403" - name="linknoteref-403" id="linknoteref-403"><small>403</small></a> + either passed without amendment or rejected. <a href="#linknote-403" id="linknoteref-403"><small>403</small></a> </p> <p> The session opened with a solemn recognition of the paramount authority of @@ -10794,8 +10490,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger availed himself of it. He went to the chamber of the Lords at Chichester House, sent for the Commons, reprimanded them in strong language, charged them with undutifully and ungratefully encroaching on the rights of the - mother country, and put an end to the session. <a href="#linknote-404" - name="linknoteref-404" id="linknoteref-404"><small>404</small></a> + mother country, and put an end to the session. <a href="#linknote-404" id="linknoteref-404"><small>404</small></a> </p> <p> Those whom he had lectured withdrew full of resentment. The imputation @@ -10865,14 +10560,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of the Revolution, he had, with many thousands of his fellow colonists, taken refuge in the mother country from the violence of Tyrconnel, and had thought himself fortunate in being able to obtain shelter at Moor Park. <a - href="#linknote-405" name="linknoteref-405" id="linknoteref-405"><small>405</small></a> + href="#linknote-405" id="linknoteref-405"><small>405</small></a> For that shelter, however, he had to pay a heavy price. He was thought to be sufficiently remunerated for his services with twenty pounds a year and his board. He dined at the second table. Sometimes, indeed, when better company was not to be had, he was honoured by being invited to play at cards with his patron; and on such occasions Sir William was so generous as to give his antagonist a little silver to begin with. <a - href="#linknote-406" name="linknoteref-406" id="linknoteref-406"><small>406</small></a> + href="#linknote-406" id="linknoteref-406"><small>406</small></a> The humble student would not have dared to raise his eyes to a lady of family; but, when he had become a clergyman, he began, after the fashion of the clergymen of that generation, to make love to a pretty waitingmaid @@ -10885,10 +10580,9 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger seem to have been broken, by calamities and humiliations. The language which he was in the habit of holding to his patron, as far as we can judge from the specimens which still remain, was that of a lacquey, or rather of - a beggar. <a href="#linknote-407" name="linknoteref-407" - id="linknoteref-407"><small>407</small></a> A sharp word or a cold look of + a beggar. <a href="#linknote-407" id="linknoteref-407"><small>407</small></a> A sharp word or a cold look of the master sufficed to make the servant miserable during several days. <a - href="#linknote-408" name="linknoteref-408" id="linknoteref-408"><small>408</small></a> + href="#linknote-408" id="linknoteref-408"><small>408</small></a> But this tameness was merely the tameness with which a tiger, caught, caged and starved, submits to the keeper who brings him food. The humble menial was at heart the haughtiest, the most aspiring, the most @@ -10909,8 +10603,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger against a king, led him captive, sent him to the prison, to the bar, to the scaffold, was known in our annals as emphatically the Long Parliament. Never would such disasters have befallen the monarchy but for the fatal - law which secured that assembly from dissolution. <a href="#linknote-409" - name="linknoteref-409" id="linknoteref-409"><small>409</small></a> There + law which secured that assembly from dissolution. <a href="#linknote-409" id="linknoteref-409"><small>409</small></a> There was, it must be owned, a flaw in this reasoning which a man less shrewd than William might easily detect. That one restriction of the royal prerogative had been mischievous did not prove that another restriction @@ -10934,7 +10627,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger accept a lucrative post in the household; and two naval officers of great note in their profession, Killegrew and Delaval, were placed at the Board of Admiralty and entrusted with the command of the Channel Fleet. <a - href="#linknote-410" name="linknoteref-410" id="linknoteref-410"><small>410</small></a> + href="#linknote-410" id="linknoteref-410"><small>410</small></a> These arrangements caused much murmuring among the Whigs; for Killegrew and Delaval were certainly Tories, and were by many suspected of being Jacobites. But other promotions which took place at the same time proved @@ -10965,7 +10658,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger State, and that he was little more than a superintendent of police, charged to look after the printers of unlicensed books, the pastors of nonjuring congregations, and the haunters of treason taverns. <a - href="#linknote-411" name="linknoteref-411" id="linknoteref-411"><small>411</small></a> + href="#linknote-411" id="linknoteref-411"><small>411</small></a> </p> <p> Another Whig of far higher character was called at the same time to a far @@ -10981,12 +10674,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger pronounced, it was very likely to be reversed on appeal. Meanwhile there was no efficient minister of justice, no great functionary to whom it especially belonged to advise the King touching the appointment of judges, - of Counsel for the Crown, of Justices of the Peace. <a href="#linknote-412" - name="linknoteref-412" id="linknoteref-412"><small>412</small></a> It was + of Counsel for the Crown, of Justices of the Peace. <a href="#linknote-412" id="linknoteref-412"><small>412</small></a> It was known that William was sensible of the inconvenience of this state of things; and, during several months, there had been flying rumours that a Lord Keeper or a Lord Chancellor would soon be appointed. <a - href="#linknote-413" name="linknoteref-413" id="linknoteref-413"><small>413</small></a> + href="#linknote-413" id="linknoteref-413"><small>413</small></a> The name most frequently mentioned was that of Nottingham. But the same reasons which had prevented him from accepting the Great Seal in 1689 had, since that year, rather gained than lost strength. William at length fixed @@ -11015,7 +10707,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was delivered to him, with a patent which entitled him to a pension of two thousand a year from the day on which he should quit his office; and he was immediately sworn in a Privy Councillor and Lord Keeper. <a - href="#linknote-414" name="linknoteref-414" id="linknoteref-414"><small>414</small></a> + href="#linknote-414" id="linknoteref-414"><small>414</small></a> </p> <p> The Gazette which announced these changes in the administration, announced @@ -11032,8 +10724,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger King. The Master of Stair had therefore gone to the Continent. His colleague, Johnstone, was chief manager for the Crown at Edinburgh, and was charged to correspond regularly with Carstairs, who never quitted - William. <a href="#linknote-415" name="linknoteref-415" - id="linknoteref-415"><small>415</small></a> + William. <a href="#linknote-415" id="linknoteref-415"><small>415</small></a> </p> <p> It might naturally have been expected that the session would be turbulent. @@ -11065,8 +10756,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger dependent on the pleasure of the temporal magistrate. His brethren stood up, and by an approving murmur signified their concurrence in what their President had said. Before they retired they fixed a day for their next - meeting. <a href="#linknote-416" name="linknoteref-416" - id="linknoteref-416"><small>416</small></a> It was indeed a very distant + meeting. <a href="#linknote-416" id="linknoteref-416"><small>416</small></a> It was indeed a very distant day; and when it came neither minister nor elder attended; for even the boldest members shrank from a complete rupture with the civil power. But, though there was not open war between the Church and the Government, they @@ -11095,7 +10785,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and directing the General Assembly to receive into communion those Episcopalian ministers, not yet deprived, who should declare that they conformed to the Presbyterian doctrine and discipline. <a - href="#linknote-417" name="linknoteref-417" id="linknoteref-417"><small>417</small></a> + href="#linknote-417" id="linknoteref-417"><small>417</small></a> Nay, the Estates carried adulation so far as to make it their humble request to the King that he would be pleased to confer a Scotch peerage on his favourite Portland. This was indeed their chief petition. They did not @@ -11103,7 +10793,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger hinting in general terms that there were abuses which required correction, and with referring the King for fuller information to his own Ministers, the Lord High Commissioner and the Secretary of State. <a - href="#linknote-418" name="linknoteref-418" id="linknoteref-418"><small>418</small></a> + href="#linknote-418" id="linknoteref-418"><small>418</small></a> </p> <p> There was one subject on which it may seem strange that even the most @@ -11120,7 +10810,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the proceedings of the Estates, or from those private letters in which Johnstone regularly gave Carstairs an account of what had passed, that any speaker made any allusion to the fate of Mac Ian and his kinsmen. <a - href="#linknote-419" name="linknoteref-419" id="linknoteref-419"><small>419</small></a> + href="#linknote-419" id="linknoteref-419"><small>419</small></a> The only explanation of this extraordinary silence seems to be that the public men who were assembled in the capital of Scotland knew little and cared little about the fate of a thieving tribe of Celts. The injured @@ -11144,16 +10834,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger name of Glencoe was not once uttered in the Parliament House. </p> <p> - <a name="link2HCH0004" id="link2HCH0004"> + <a id="link2HCH0004"> <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> CHAPTER XX </h2> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> State of the Court of Saint Germains—Feeling of the Jacobites; Compounders and Noncompounders—Change of Ministry at Saint Germains; Middleton—New Declaration put forth by James—Effect of the new @@ -11194,8 +10884,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger kingdom burned down to the water edge, had returned in no good humour to his abode near Paris. Misfortune generally made him devout after his own fashion; and he now starved himself and flogged himself till his spiritual - guides were forced to interfere. <a href="#linknote-420" - name="linknoteref-420" id="linknoteref-420"><small>420</small></a> + guides were forced to interfere. <a href="#linknote-420" id="linknoteref-420"><small>420</small></a> </p> <p> It is difficult to conceive a duller place than Saint Germains was when he @@ -11247,7 +10936,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger be remarked a man too highspirited to dissemble. But such a man, however advantageously he might have made himself known elsewhere, was certain to be treated with disdain by the inmates of that sullen abode. <a - href="#linknote-421" name="linknoteref-421" id="linknoteref-421"><small>421</small></a> + href="#linknote-421" id="linknoteref-421"><small>421</small></a> </p> <p> Such was the Court of James, as described by a Roman Catholic. Yet, @@ -11273,8 +10962,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger chaplains and their retainers that he was forced to quit Saint Germains. Lest some other Anglican doctor should be equally importunate, James wrote to inform his agents in England that he wished no Protestant divine to - come out to him. <a href="#linknote-422" name="linknoteref-422" - id="linknoteref-422"><small>422</small></a> Indeed the nonjuring clergy + come out to him. <a href="#linknote-422" id="linknoteref-422"><small>422</small></a> Indeed the nonjuring clergy were at least as much sneered at and as much railed at in his palace as in his nephew's. If any man had a claim to be mentioned with respect at Saint Germains, it was surely Sancroft. Yet it was reported that the bigots who @@ -11292,7 +10980,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger himself and bemoaned himself. He had, like his prototype, flung down his wealth at the feet of those whose instrument he had been. The best thing that he could now do was to make the parallel complete by hanging himself. - <a href="#linknote-423" name="linknoteref-423" id="linknoteref-423"><small>423</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-423" id="linknoteref-423"><small>423</small></a> </p> <p> James seems to have thought that the strongest proof of kindness which he @@ -11318,15 +11006,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger surrounded the Prince whom he had served too well; but it was to no purpose. The bigots who ruled the Court refused to the ruined and expatriated Protestant Lord the means of subsistence; he died of a broken - heart; and they refused him even a grave. <a href="#linknote-424" - name="linknoteref-424" id="linknoteref-424"><small>424</small></a> + heart; and they refused him even a grave. <a href="#linknote-424" id="linknoteref-424"><small>424</small></a> </p> <p> The insults daily offered at Saint Germains to the Protestant religion produced a great effect in England. The Whigs triumphantly asked whether it were not clear that the old tyrant was utterly incorrigible; and many even of the nonjurors observed his proceedings with shame, disgust and - alarm. <a href="#linknote-425" name="linknoteref-425" id="linknoteref-425"><small>425</small></a> + alarm. <a href="#linknote-425" id="linknoteref-425"><small>425</small></a> The Jacobite party had, from the first, been divided into two sections, which, three or four years after the Revolution, began to be known as the Compounders and the Noncompounders. The Compounders were those who wished @@ -11369,7 +11056,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger walked before the other officers of state, wore a black robe embroidered with gold, and carried a seal; but he was a member of the Church of England; and therefore he was not suffered to sit at the Council Board. <a - href="#linknote-426" name="linknoteref-426" id="linknoteref-426"><small>426</small></a> + href="#linknote-426" id="linknoteref-426"><small>426</small></a> </p> <p> The truth is that the faults of James's head and heart were incurable. In @@ -11386,8 +11073,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger get out of his sight, or on the day when he sent the Bishops to the Tower. He was in the habit of declaring that he would rather die without seeing England again than stoop to capitulate with those whom he ought to - command. <a href="#linknote-427" name="linknoteref-427" - id="linknoteref-427"><small>427</small></a> In the Declaration of April + command. <a href="#linknote-427" id="linknoteref-427"><small>427</small></a> In the Declaration of April 1692 the whole man appears without disguise, full of his own imaginary rights, unable to understand how any body but himself can have any rights, dull, obstinate and cruel. Another paper which he drew up about the same @@ -11398,7 +11084,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger State, the Secretary at War, the majority of the Great Officers of the Household, the majority of the Lords of the Bedchamber, the majority of the officers of the army, should always be Roman Catholics. <a - href="#linknote-428" name="linknoteref-428" id="linknoteref-428"><small>428</small></a> + href="#linknote-428" id="linknoteref-428"><small>428</small></a> </p> <p> It was to no purpose that the most eminent Compounders sent from London @@ -11458,8 +11144,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Middleton; "prove your religion to be true if you can; but do not catechize me about mine." As it was plain that the Secretary was not a disputant whom it was easy to take at an advantage, the controversy ended - almost as soon as it began. <a href="#linknote-429" name="linknoteref-429" - id="linknoteref-429"><small>429</small></a> When fortune changed, + almost as soon as it began. <a href="#linknote-429" id="linknoteref-429"><small>429</small></a> When fortune changed, Middleton adhered to the cause of hereditary monarchy with a stedfastness which was the more respectable because he would have had no difficulty in making his peace with the new government. His sentiments were so well @@ -11523,8 +11208,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and hated him, were already in circulation. Some Noncompounders too had written from London that he was at heart a Presbyterian and a republican. He was however very graciously received, and was appointed Secretary of - State conjointly with Melfort. <a href="#linknote-430" - name="linknoteref-430" id="linknoteref-430"><small>430</small></a> + State conjointly with Melfort. <a href="#linknote-430" id="linknoteref-430"><small>430</small></a> </p> <p> It very soon appeared that James was fully resolved never to resign the @@ -11562,7 +11246,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger arguments, both theological and political, that the scruple which tormented James was precisely of that sort against which a much wiser King had given a caution in the words, "Be not righteous overmuch." <a - href="#linknote-431" name="linknoteref-431" id="linknoteref-431"><small>431</small></a> + href="#linknote-431" id="linknoteref-431"><small>431</small></a> The authority of the French divines was supported by the authority of the French government. The language held at Versailles was so strong that James began to be alarmed. What if Lewis should take serious offence, @@ -11573,7 +11257,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger prayer. "We come to vindicate our own right and to establish the liberties of our people; and may God give us success in the prosecution of the one as we sincerely intend the confirmation of the other!" <a - href="#linknote-432" name="linknoteref-432" id="linknoteref-432"><small>432</small></a> + href="#linknote-432" id="linknoteref-432"><small>432</small></a> The prayer was heard. The success of James was strictly proportioned to his sincerity. What his sincerity was we know on the best evidence. Scarcely had he called on heaven to witness the truth of his professions, @@ -11581,23 +11265,21 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger such explanations as might satisfy the Pope. Melfort's letter ends thus: "After all, the object of this Declaration is only to get us back to England. We shall fight the battle of the Catholics with much greater - advantage at Whitehall than at Saint Germains." <a href="#linknote-433" - name="linknoteref-433" id="linknoteref-433"><small>433</small></a> + advantage at Whitehall than at Saint Germains." <a href="#linknote-433" id="linknoteref-433"><small>433</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile the document from which so much was expected had been despatched to London. There it was printed at a secret press in the house of a Quaker; for there was among the Quakers a party, small in number, but zealous and active, which had imbibed the politics of William Penn. <a - href="#linknote-434" name="linknoteref-434" id="linknoteref-434"><small>434</small></a> + href="#linknote-434" id="linknoteref-434"><small>434</small></a> To circulate such a work was a service of some danger; but agents were found. Several persons were taken up while distributing copies in the streets of the city. A hundred packets were stopped in one day at the Post Office on their way to the fleet. But, after a short time, the government wisely gave up the endeavour to suppress what could not be suppressed, and published the Declaration at full length, accompanied by a severe - commentary. <a href="#linknote-435" name="linknoteref-435" - id="linknoteref-435"><small>435</small></a> + commentary. <a href="#linknote-435" id="linknoteref-435"><small>435</small></a> </p> <p> The commentary, however, was hardly needed. The Declaration altogether @@ -11637,8 +11319,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger persecuted adherents of the rightful King. That restraint His Majesty had now taken away. He had told Holt and Treby that, till he should land in England, they might hang royalists without the smallest fear of being - called to account. <a href="#linknote-436" name="linknoteref-436" - id="linknoteref-436"><small>436</small></a> + called to account. <a href="#linknote-436" id="linknoteref-436"><small>436</small></a> </p> <p> But by no class of people was the Declaration read with so much disgust @@ -11657,8 +11338,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the frontiers of Germany and Italy. Even the Whigs allowed that, for once, the O's and Macs were in the right, and asked triumphantly whether a prince who had broken his word to his devoted servants could be expected - to keep it to his foes? <a href="#linknote-437" name="linknoteref-437" - id="linknoteref-437"><small>437</small></a> + to keep it to his foes? <a href="#linknote-437" id="linknoteref-437"><small>437</small></a> </p> <p> While the Declaration was the subject of general conversation in England, @@ -11683,13 +11363,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger gentlemen who had been conspicuous in the trenches before Mons and Namur, and on the fields of Fleurus and Steinkirk; and the sight raised a generous emulation among those who had still to win an honourable fame in - arms. <a href="#linknote-438" name="linknoteref-438" id="linknoteref-438"><small>438</small></a> + arms. <a href="#linknote-438" id="linknoteref-438"><small>438</small></a> </p> <p> In the week in which this celebrated order began to exist Middleton visited Versailles. A letter in which he gave his friends in England an - account of his visit has come down to us. <a href="#linknote-439" - name="linknoteref-439" id="linknoteref-439"><small>439</small></a> He was + account of his visit has come down to us. <a href="#linknote-439" id="linknoteref-439"><small>439</small></a> He was presented to Lewis, was most kindly received, and was overpowered by gratitude and admiration. Of all the wonders of the Court,—so Middleton wrote,—its master was the greatest. The splendour of the @@ -11745,8 +11424,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger While Middleton was in vain trying to convince the French that William was a greatly overrated man, William, who did full justice to Middleton's merit, felt much uneasiness at learning that the Court of Saint Germains - had called in the help of so able a counsellor. <a href="#linknote-440" - name="linknoteref-440" id="linknoteref-440"><small>440</small></a> But + had called in the help of so able a counsellor. <a href="#linknote-440" id="linknoteref-440"><small>440</small></a> But this was only one of a thousand causes of anxiety which during that spring pressed on the King's mind. He was preparing for the opening of the campaign, imploring his allies to be early in the field, rousing the @@ -11763,7 +11441,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger whom wished to be at the head of an army on the Rhine; and he had to manage the Landgrave of Hesse, who omitted to furnish his own contingent, and yet wanted to command the contingents furnished by other princes. <a - href="#linknote-441" name="linknoteref-441" id="linknoteref-441"><small>441</small></a> + href="#linknote-441" id="linknoteref-441"><small>441</small></a> </p> <p> And now the time for action had arrived. On the eighteenth of May Lewis @@ -11794,8 +11472,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger intrepid gaiety a bloody but a glorious day, followed by a large distribution of the crosses of the new order. William himself was perfectly aware of his danger, and prepared to meet it with calm but - mournful fortitude. <a href="#linknote-442" name="linknoteref-442" - id="linknoteref-442"><small>442</small></a> Just at this conjuncture Lewis + mournful fortitude. <a href="#linknote-442" id="linknoteref-442"><small>442</small></a> Just at this conjuncture Lewis announced his intention to return instantly to Versailles, and to send the Dauphin and Boufflers, with part of the army which was assembled near Namur, to join Marshal Lorges who commanded in the Palatinate. Luxemburg @@ -11827,7 +11504,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Netherlands in the hope that he might again be able to snatch some military glory without any hazard to his person, and had hastened back rather than expose himself to the chances of a pitched field. <a - href="#linknote-443" name="linknoteref-443" id="linknoteref-443"><small>443</small></a> + href="#linknote-443" id="linknoteref-443"><small>443</small></a> This was not the first time that His Most Christian Majesty had shown the same kind of prudence. Seventeen years before he had been opposed under the wails of Bouchain to the same antagonist. William, with the ardour of @@ -11843,8 +11520,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger rashly given by the enemy. His Majesty had gravely expressed his sorrow that he could not, consistently with his public duty, obey the impetuous movement of his blood, had turned his rein, and had galloped back to his - quarters. <a href="#linknote-444" name="linknoteref-444" - id="linknoteref-444"><small>444</small></a> Was it not frightful to think + quarters. <a href="#linknote-444" id="linknoteref-444"><small>444</small></a> Was it not frightful to think what rivers of the best blood of France, of Spain, of Germany and of England, had flowed, and were destined still to flow, for the gratification of a man who wanted the vulgar courage which was found in @@ -11864,8 +11540,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger he learned that Huy had opened its gates to the French. The news increased his anxiety about Liege, and determined him to send thither a force sufficient to overawe malecontents within the city, and to repel any - attack from without. <a href="#linknote-445" name="linknoteref-445" - id="linknoteref-445"><small>445</small></a> This was exactly what + attack from without. <a href="#linknote-445" id="linknoteref-445"><small>445</small></a> This was exactly what Luxemburg had expected and desired. His feint had served its purpose. He turned his back on the fortress which had hitherto seemed to be his object, and hastened towards the Gette. William, who had detached more @@ -11955,8 +11630,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger renown. A third time Neerwinden was taken. A third time William tried to retake it. At the head of some English regiments he charged the guards of Lewis with such fury that, for the first time in the memory of the oldest - warrior, that far famed band gave way. <a href="#linknote-446" - name="linknoteref-446" id="linknoteref-446"><small>446</small></a> It was + warrior, that far famed band gave way. <a href="#linknote-446" id="linknoteref-446"><small>446</small></a> It was only by the strenuous exertions of Luxemburg, of the Duke of Chartres, and of the Duke of Bourbon, that the broken ranks were rallied. But by this time the centre and left of the allied army had been so much thinned for @@ -12007,8 +11681,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger him." The enemy pressed on him so close that it was with difficulty that he at length made his way over the Gette. A small body of brave men, who shared his peril to the last, could hardly keep off the pursuers as he - crossed the bridge. <a href="#linknote-447" name="linknoteref-447" - id="linknoteref-447"><small>447</small></a> + crossed the bridge. <a href="#linknote-447" id="linknoteref-447"><small>447</small></a> </p> <p> Never, perhaps, was the change which the progress of civilisation has @@ -12053,8 +11726,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that vast sheet of rich scarlet spreading from Landen to Neerwinden, could hardly help fancying that the figurative prediction of the Hebrew prophet was literally accomplished, that the earth was disclosing her blood, and - refusing to cover the slain. <a href="#linknote-448" name="linknoteref-448" - id="linknoteref-448"><small>448</small></a> + refusing to cover the slain. <a href="#linknote-448" id="linknoteref-448"><small>448</small></a> </p> <p> There was no pursuit, though the sun was still high in the heaven when @@ -12069,8 +11741,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger action shown great skill and energy. But some complained that he wanted patience and perseverance. Others whispered that he had no wish to bring to an end a war which made him necessary to a Court where he had never, in - time of peace, found favour or even justice. <a href="#linknote-449" - name="linknoteref-449" id="linknoteref-449"><small>449</small></a> Lewis, + time of peace, found favour or even justice. <a href="#linknote-449" id="linknoteref-449"><small>449</small></a> Lewis, who on this occasion was perhaps not altogether free from some emotions of jealousy, contrived, it was reported, to mingle with the praise which he bestowed on his lieutenant blame which, though delicately expressed, was @@ -12091,20 +11762,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Luxemburg pushed on, all was lost. Louvain must fall, and Mechlin, Nieuport, and Ostend. The Batavian frontier would be in danger. The cry for peace throughout Holland might be such as neither States General nor - Stadtholder would be able to resist. <a href="#linknote-450" - name="linknoteref-450" id="linknoteref-450"><small>450</small></a> But + Stadtholder would be able to resist. <a href="#linknote-450" id="linknoteref-450"><small>450</small></a> But there was delay; and a very short delay was enough for William. From the field of battle he made his way through the multitude of fugitives to the neighbourhood of Louvain, and there began to collect his scattered forces. His character is not lowered by the anxiety which, at that moment, the most disastrous of his life, he felt for the two persons who were dearest to him. As soon as he was safe, he wrote to assure his wife of his safety. - <a href="#linknote-451" name="linknoteref-451" id="linknoteref-451"><small>451</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-451" id="linknoteref-451"><small>451</small></a> In the confusion of the flight he had lost sight of Portland, who was then in very feeble health, and had therefore run more than the ordinary risks of war. A short note which the King sent to his friend a few hours later - is still extant. <a href="#linknote-452" name="linknoteref-452" - id="linknoteref-452"><small>452</small></a> "Though I hope to see you this + is still extant. <a href="#linknote-452" id="linknoteref-452"><small>452</small></a> "Though I hope to see you this evening, I cannot help writing to tell you how rejoiced I am that you got off so well. God grant that your health may soon be quite restored. These are great trials, which he has been pleased to send me in quick @@ -12168,8 +11837,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger they could hope to gain by the most successful voyage; and still the ships of war were not half manned or half provisioned. The Amsterdam squadron did not arrive on our coast till late in April; the Zealand squadron not - till the middle of May. <a href="#linknote-453" name="linknoteref-453" - id="linknoteref-453"><small>453</small></a> It was June before the immense + till the middle of May. <a href="#linknote-453" id="linknoteref-453"><small>453</small></a> It was June before the immense fleet, near five hundred sail, lost sight of the cliffs of England. </p> <p> @@ -12212,7 +11880,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger it was found that they could not be defended. Others perished in the same manner under the batteries of Malaga. The gain to the French seems not to have been great; but the loss to England and Holland was immense. <a - href="#linknote-454" name="linknoteref-454" id="linknoteref-454"><small>454</small></a> + href="#linknote-454" id="linknoteref-454"><small>454</small></a> </p> <p> Never within the memory of man had there been in the City a day of more @@ -12227,15 +11895,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger their irritation. Her Majesty, he said, felt for them from her heart; and she had already appointed a Committee of the Privy Council to inquire into the cause of the late misfortune, and to consider of the best means of - preventing similar misfortunes in time to come. <a href="#linknote-455" - name="linknoteref-455" id="linknoteref-455"><small>455</small></a> This + preventing similar misfortunes in time to come. <a href="#linknote-455" id="linknoteref-455"><small>455</small></a> This answer gave so much satisfaction that the Lord Mayor soon came to the palace to thank the Queen for her goodness, to assure her that, through all vicissitudes, London would be true to her and her consort, and to inform her that, severely as the late calamity had been felt by many great commercial houses, the Common Council had unanimously resolved to advance whatever might be necessary for the support of the government. <a - href="#linknote-456" name="linknoteref-456" id="linknoteref-456"><small>456</small></a> + href="#linknote-456" id="linknoteref-456"><small>456</small></a> </p> <p> The ill humour which the public calamities naturally produced was inflamed @@ -12290,8 +11957,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger information as can be collected from the contradictory narratives of writers evidently partial, intemperate and dishonest. The indictment, however, is extant; and the overt acts which it imputes to the prisoner - undoubtedly amount to high treason. <a href="#linknote-457" - name="linknoteref-457" id="linknoteref-457"><small>457</small></a> To + undoubtedly amount to high treason. <a href="#linknote-457" id="linknoteref-457"><small>457</small></a> To exhort the subjects of the realm to rise up and depose the King by force, and to add to that exhortation the expression, evidently ironical, of a hope that it may not be necessary to inflict on him any evil worse than @@ -12353,8 +12019,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger consistently, represented him at once as a poor ignorant artisan who was not aware of the nature and tendency of the act for which he suffered, and as a martyr who had heroically laid down his life for the banished King - and the persecuted Church. <a href="#linknote-458" name="linknoteref-458" - id="linknoteref-458"><small>458</small></a> + and the persecuted Church. <a href="#linknote-458" id="linknoteref-458"><small>458</small></a> </p> <p> The Ministers were much mistaken if they flattered themselves that the @@ -12363,7 +12028,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger which he had suffered. Collier, in what he called Remarks on the London Gazette, exulted with cruel joy over the carnage of Landen, and the vast destruction of English property on the coast of Spain. <a - href="#linknote-459" name="linknoteref-459" id="linknoteref-459"><small>459</small></a> + href="#linknote-459" id="linknoteref-459"><small>459</small></a> Other writers did their best to raise riots among the labouring people. For the doctrine of the Jacobites was that disorder, in whatever place or in whatever way it might begin, was likely to end in a Restoration. A @@ -12372,14 +12037,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and was indeed a password by which the members of the party recognised each other: "Box it about; it will come to my father." The hidden sense of this gibberish was, "Throw the country into confusion; it will be - necessary at last to have recourse to King James." <a href="#linknote-460" - name="linknoteref-460" id="linknoteref-460"><small>460</small></a> Trade + necessary at last to have recourse to King James." <a href="#linknote-460" id="linknoteref-460"><small>460</small></a> Trade was not prosperous; and many industrious men were out of work. Accordingly songs addressed to the distressed classes were composed by the malecontent street poets. Numerous copies of a ballad exhorting the weavers to rise against the government were discovered in the house of that Quaker who had - printed James's Declaration. <a href="#linknote-461" name="linknoteref-461" - id="linknoteref-461"><small>461</small></a> Every art was used for the + printed James's Declaration. <a href="#linknote-461" id="linknoteref-461"><small>461</small></a> Every art was used for the purpose of exciting discontent in a much more formidable body of men, the sailors; and unhappily the vices of the naval administration furnished the enemies of the State with but too good a choice of inflammatory topics. @@ -12392,8 +12055,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger good sense and good nature to order four of those importunate petitioners to be admitted into the room where she was holding a Council. She heard their complaints, and herself assured them that the rumour which had - alarmed them was unfounded. <a href="#linknote-462" name="linknoteref-462" - id="linknoteref-462"><small>462</small></a> By this time Saint + alarmed them was unfounded. <a href="#linknote-462" id="linknoteref-462"><small>462</small></a> By this time Saint Bartholomew's day drew near; and the great annual fair, the delight of idle apprentices and the horror of Puritanical Aldermen, was opened in Smithfield with the usual display of dwarfs, giants, and dancing dogs, the @@ -12413,8 +12075,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger much higher station than their own, began to cast reflections on other departments of the government. This attempt to revive the license of the Attic Stage was soon brought to a close by the appearance of a strong body - of constables who carried off the actors to prison. <a href="#linknote-463" - name="linknoteref-463" id="linknoteref-463"><small>463</small></a> + of constables who carried off the actors to prison. <a href="#linknote-463" id="linknoteref-463"><small>463</small></a> Meanwhile the streets of London were every night strewn with seditious handbills. At all the taverns the zealots of hereditary right were limping about with glasses of wine and punch at their lips. This fashion had just @@ -12423,8 +12084,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger secret knew that the word Limp was a consecrated word, that every one of the four letters which composed it was the initial of an august name, and that the loyal subject who limped while he drank was taking off his bumper - to Lewis, James, Mary, and the Prince. <a href="#linknote-464" - name="linknoteref-464" id="linknoteref-464"><small>464</small></a> + to Lewis, James, Mary, and the Prince. <a href="#linknote-464" id="linknoteref-464"><small>464</small></a> </p> <p> It was not only in the capital that the Jacobites, at this time, made a @@ -12432,8 +12092,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger President Caermarthen was trying to recruit his feeble health. Every evening they met, as they phrased it, to serenade the Marquess. In other words they assembled under the sick man's window, and there sang doggrel - lampoons on him. <a href="#linknote-465" name="linknoteref-465" - id="linknoteref-465"><small>465</small></a> + lampoons on him. <a href="#linknote-465" id="linknoteref-465"><small>465</small></a> </p> <p> It is remarkable that the Lord President, at the very time at which he was @@ -12450,8 +12109,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger October 1693. From that paper it is quite clear that some intelligence had reached the banished King and his Ministers which led them to regard Caermarthen as a friend. But there is no proof that they ever so regarded - him, either before that day or after that day. <a href="#linknote-466" - name="linknoteref-466" id="linknoteref-466"><small>466</small></a> On the + him, either before that day or after that day. <a href="#linknote-466" id="linknoteref-466"><small>466</small></a> On the whole, the most probable explanation of this mystery seems to be that Caermarthen had been sounded by some Jacobite emissary much less artful than himself, and had, for the purpose of getting at the bottom of the new @@ -12530,8 +12188,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger vehemence that no monopoly could be created except by Act of Parliament. The Privy Council, over which Caermarthen presided, after hearing the matter fully argued by counsel on both sides, decided in favour of the Old - Company, and ordered the Charter to be sealed. <a href="#linknote-467" - name="linknoteref-467" id="linknoteref-467"><small>467</small></a> + Company, and ordered the Charter to be sealed. <a href="#linknote-467" id="linknoteref-467"><small>467</small></a> </p> <p> The autumn was by this time far advanced, and the armies in the @@ -12617,7 +12274,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger for two sous a pound. It was necessary to drive the famished crowds back by force from the barriers, and to denounce the most terrible punishments against all who should not go home and starve quietly. <a - href="#linknote-468" name="linknoteref-468" id="linknoteref-468"><small>468</small></a> + href="#linknote-468" id="linknoteref-468"><small>468</small></a> </p> <p> Lewis was sensible that the strength of France had been overstrained by @@ -12685,7 +12342,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger personal objection. But we may be assured that he never would have consented to make it a condition of peace with France. Who should reign in England was a question to be decided by England alone. <a - href="#linknote-469" name="linknoteref-469" id="linknoteref-469"><small>469</small></a> + href="#linknote-469" id="linknoteref-469"><small>469</small></a> </p> <p> It might well be suspected that a negotiation conducted in this manner was @@ -12711,8 +12368,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger civilised world depended on the votes of the representatives of the English people; and there was no public man who could venture to say with confidence what those representatives might not be induced to vote within - twenty-four hours. <a href="#linknote-470" name="linknoteref-470" - id="linknoteref-470"><small>470</small></a> William painfully felt that it + twenty-four hours. <a href="#linknote-470" id="linknoteref-470"><small>470</small></a> William painfully felt that it was scarcely possible for a prince dependent on an assembly so violent at one time, so languid at another, to effect any thing great. Indeed, though no sovereign did so much to secure and to extend the power of the House of @@ -12905,8 +12561,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger he might see again the turf, the trees and the family pictures of his country seat. His only wish was to be suffered to end his troubled life at Althorpe; and he would be content to forfeit his head if ever he went - beyond the palings of his park. <a href="#linknote-471" - name="linknoteref-471" id="linknoteref-471"><small>471</small></a> + beyond the palings of his park. <a href="#linknote-471" id="linknoteref-471"><small>471</small></a> </p> <p> While the House of Commons, which had been elected during the vacancy of @@ -12917,13 +12572,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Act he was by name excluded; but he well knew that he had now nothing to fear. He went privately to Kensington, was admitted into the closet, had an audience which lasted two hours, and then retired to his country house. - <a href="#linknote-472" name="linknoteref-472" id="linknoteref-472"><small>472</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-472" id="linknoteref-472"><small>472</small></a> </p> <p> During many months be led a secluded life, and had no residence in London. Once in the spring of 1692, to the great astonishment of the public, he showed his face in the circle at Court, and was graciously received. <a - href="#linknote-473" name="linknoteref-473" id="linknoteref-473"><small>473</small></a> + href="#linknote-473" id="linknoteref-473"><small>473</small></a> He seems to have been afraid that he might, on his reappearance in Parliament, receive some marked affront. He therefore, very prudently, stole down to Westminster, in the dead time of the year, on a day to which @@ -12931,8 +12586,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger merely for the purpose of adjourning again. Sunderland had just time to present himself, to take the oaths, to sign the declaration against transubstantiation, and to resume his seat. None of the few peers who were - present had an opportunity of making any remark. <a href="#linknote-474" - name="linknoteref-474" id="linknoteref-474"><small>474</small></a> It was + present had an opportunity of making any remark. <a href="#linknote-474" id="linknoteref-474"><small>474</small></a> It was not till the year 1692 that he began to attend regularly. He was silent; but silent he had always been in large assemblies, even when he was at the zenith of power. His talents were not those of a public speaker. The art @@ -13004,8 +12658,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger taken a large mansion near Whitehall. The coffeehouse politicians were confident that he was about to hold some high office. As yet, however, he had the wisdom to be content with the reality of power, and to leave the - show to others. <a href="#linknote-475" name="linknoteref-475" - id="linknoteref-475"><small>475</small></a> + show to others. <a href="#linknote-475" id="linknoteref-475"><small>475</small></a> </p> <p> His opinion was that, as long as the King tried to balance the two great @@ -13068,8 +12721,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger at war with France. That England ought never to attempt great military operations on the Continent continued to be a fundamental article of the creed of the Tories till the French Revolution produced a complete change - in their feelings. <a href="#linknote-476" name="linknoteref-476" - id="linknoteref-476"><small>476</small></a> As the chief object of William + in their feelings. <a href="#linknote-476" id="linknoteref-476"><small>476</small></a> As the chief object of William was to open the campaign of 1694 in Flanders with an immense display of force, it was sufficiently clear to whom he must look for assistance. </p> @@ -13124,8 +12776,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger decided as his, acquired for him the authority of an oracle. The superiority of his powers appeared not less clearly in private circles. The charm of his conversation was heightened by the frankness with which - he poured out his thoughts. <a href="#linknote-477" name="linknoteref-477" - id="linknoteref-477"><small>477</small></a> His good temper and his good + he poured out his thoughts. <a href="#linknote-477" id="linknoteref-477"><small>477</small></a> His good temper and his good breeding never failed. His gesture, his look, his tones were expressive of benevolence. His humanity was the more remarkable, because he had received from nature a body such as is generally found united with a peevish and @@ -13201,8 +12852,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger mass of fiction gathered, and that the wisdom and selfcommand which Somers never wanted in the senate, on the judgment seat, at the council board, or in the society of wits, scholars and philosophers, were not always proof - against female attractions. <a href="#linknote-478" name="linknoteref-478" - id="linknoteref-478"><small>478</small></a> + against female attractions. <a href="#linknote-478" id="linknoteref-478"><small>478</small></a> </p> <p> Another director of the Whig party was Charles Montague. He was often, @@ -13223,8 +12873,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger skill in Latin versification, was sent up to Trinity College, Cambridge. At Cambridge the philosophy of Des Cartes was still dominant in the schools. But a few select spirits had separated from the crowd, and formed - a fit audience round a far greater teacher. <a href="#linknote-479" - name="linknoteref-479" id="linknoteref-479"><small>479</small></a> + a fit audience round a far greater teacher. <a href="#linknote-479" id="linknoteref-479"><small>479</small></a> Conspicuous among the youths of high promise who were proud to sit at the feet of Newton was the quick and versatile Montague. Under such guidance the young student made considerable proficiency in the severe sciences; @@ -13467,8 +13116,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger redeemed all Wharton's faults, seemed to the other faction to aggravate them all. The opinion which the Tories entertained of him is expressed in a single line written after his death by the ablest man of that party; "He - was the most universal villain that ever I knew." <a href="#linknote-480" - name="linknoteref-480" id="linknoteref-480"><small>480</small></a> + was the most universal villain that ever I knew." <a href="#linknote-480" id="linknoteref-480"><small>480</small></a> Wharton's political adversaries thirsted for his blood, and repeatedly tried to shed it. Had he not been a man of imperturbable temper, dauntless courage and consummate skill in fence, his life would have been a short @@ -13478,7 +13126,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger His friends said that he had never given a challenge, that he had never refused one, that he had never taken a life, and yet that he had never fought without having his antagonist's life at his mercy. <a - href="#linknote-481" name="linknoteref-481" id="linknoteref-481"><small>481</small></a> + href="#linknote-481" id="linknoteref-481"><small>481</small></a> </p> <p> The four men who have been described resembled each other so little that @@ -13546,8 +13194,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that it was with difficulty that any of them could obtain a seat. Such was the commencement of the public life of a man whose name, a quarter of a century later, was inseparably coupled with the High Church in the - acclamations of Jacobite mobs. <a href="#linknote-482" - name="linknoteref-482" id="linknoteref-482"><small>482</small></a> + acclamations of Jacobite mobs. <a href="#linknote-482" id="linknoteref-482"><small>482</small></a> </p> <p> Soon, however, it began to be observed that in every division Harley was @@ -13574,8 +13221,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger abilities. His intellect was both small and slow. He was unable to take a large view of any subject. He never acquired the art of expressing himself in public with fluency and perspicuity. To the end of his life he remained - a tedious, hesitating and confused speaker. <a href="#linknote-483" - name="linknoteref-483" id="linknoteref-483"><small>483</small></a> + a tedious, hesitating and confused speaker. <a href="#linknote-483" id="linknoteref-483"><small>483</small></a> </p> <p> He had none of the external graces of an orator. His countenance was @@ -13585,8 +13231,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger continued to love books and the society of men of genius and learning. Indeed he aspired to the character of a wit and a poet, and occasionally employed hours which should have been very differently spent in composing - verses more execrable than the bellman's. <a href="#linknote-484" - name="linknoteref-484" id="linknoteref-484"><small>484</small></a> His + verses more execrable than the bellman's. <a href="#linknote-484" id="linknoteref-484"><small>484</small></a> His time however was not always so absurdly wasted. He had that sort of industry and that sort of exactness which would have made him a respectable antiquary or King at Arms. His taste led him to plod among old @@ -13623,8 +13268,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger reputation for wisdom. It was not till that reputation had made him an Earl, a Knight of the Garter, Lord High Treasurer of England, and master of the fate of Europe, that his admirers began to find out that he was - really a dull puzzleheaded man. <a href="#linknote-485" - name="linknoteref-485" id="linknoteref-485"><small>485</small></a> + really a dull puzzleheaded man. <a href="#linknote-485" id="linknoteref-485"><small>485</small></a> </p> <p> Soon after the general election of 1690, Harley, generally voting with the @@ -13637,8 +13281,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger haunter of conventicles became an intolerant High Churchman. Yet to the last the traces of his early breeding would now and then show themselves; and, while he acted after the fashion of Laud, he sometimes wrote in the - style of Praise God Barebones. <a href="#linknote-486" - name="linknoteref-486" id="linknoteref-486"><small>486</small></a> + style of Praise God Barebones. <a href="#linknote-486" id="linknoteref-486"><small>486</small></a> </p> <p> Of Paul Foley we know comparatively little. His history, up to a certain @@ -13676,8 +13319,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger impossible that they could, as yet, exercise over that party the entire authority of leaders. For they still called themselves Whigs, and generally vindicated their Tory votes by arguments grounded on Whig - principles. <a href="#linknote-487" name="linknoteref-487" - id="linknoteref-487"><small>487</small></a> + principles. <a href="#linknote-487" id="linknoteref-487"><small>487</small></a> </p> <p> From this view of the state of parties in the House of Commons, it seems @@ -13709,7 +13351,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had a superiority of force; and it had therefore been found impossible to cope with her. His allies had promised to increase their armies; and he trusted that the Commons would enable him to do the same. <a - href="#linknote-488" name="linknoteref-488" id="linknoteref-488"><small>488</small></a> + href="#linknote-488" id="linknoteref-488"><small>488</small></a> </p> <p> The Commons at their next sitting took the King's speech into @@ -13731,8 +13373,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger public offices filled with men who draw salaries and perform no duties." It was moved and carried unanimously, that the Commons would support their Majesties, and would forthwith proceed to investigate the cause of the - disaster in the Bay of Lagos. <a href="#linknote-489" - name="linknoteref-489" id="linknoteref-489"><small>489</small></a> The + disaster in the Bay of Lagos. <a href="#linknote-489" id="linknoteref-489"><small>489</small></a> The Lords of the Admiralty were directed to produce a great mass of documentary evidence. The King sent down copies of the examinations taken before the Committee of Council which Mary had appointed to inquire into @@ -13747,7 +13388,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger proved. The Tories proposed that the word "treacherous" should be omitted. A division took place; and the Whigs carried their point by a hundred and forty votes to a hundred and three. Wharton was a teller for the majority. - <a href="#linknote-490" name="linknoteref-490" id="linknoteref-490"><small>490</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-490" id="linknoteref-490"><small>490</small></a> </p> <p> It was now decided that there had been treason, but not who was the @@ -13759,7 +13400,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger brand individuals by name. A resolution clearing the Victualling Office was proposed by Montague, and carried, after a debate of two days, by a hundred and eighty-eight votes to a hundred and fifty-two. <a - href="#linknote-491" name="linknoteref-491" id="linknoteref-491"><small>491</small></a> + href="#linknote-491" id="linknoteref-491"><small>491</small></a> But when the victorious party brought forward a motion inculpating the admirals, the Tories came up in great numbers from the country, and, after a debate which lasted from nine in the morning till near eleven at night, @@ -13768,7 +13409,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger days later with no better success. The Noes were a hundred and eighty-five, the Ayes only a hundred and seventy-five. The indefatigable and implacable Wharton was on both occasions tellers for the minority. <a - href="#linknote-492" name="linknoteref-492" id="linknoteref-492"><small>492</small></a> + href="#linknote-492" id="linknoteref-492"><small>492</small></a> </p> <p> In spite of this check the advantage was decidedly with the Whigs; The @@ -13800,7 +13441,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had done, place his fortune beyond the reach of the justice of his country. He would have no secret hoard. He would invest nothing in foreign funds. His property should all be such as could be readily discovered and - seized. <a href="#linknote-493" name="linknoteref-493" id="linknoteref-493"><small>493</small></a> + seized. <a href="#linknote-493" id="linknoteref-493"><small>493</small></a> </p> <p> During some weeks the seals which Nottingham had delivered up remained in @@ -13820,8 +13461,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger her advice. Even Swift, the shrewdest and most cynical of her contemporaries, pronounced her the wisest of women, and more than once sate, fascinated by her conversation, from two in the afternoon till near - midnight. <a href="#linknote-494" name="linknoteref-494" - id="linknoteref-494"><small>494</small></a> By degrees the virtues and + midnight. <a href="#linknote-494" id="linknoteref-494"><small>494</small></a> By degrees the virtues and charms of Mary conquered the first place in her husband's affection. But he still, in difficult conjunctures, frequently applied to Elizabeth Villiers for advice and assistance. She now implored Shrewsbury to @@ -13841,8 +13481,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger while holding office under the other. But Shrewsbury had, what was wanting to Marlborough, Godolphin and Russell, a conscience, a conscience which indeed too often failed to restrain him from doing wrong, but which never - failed to punish him. <a href="#linknote-495" name="linknoteref-495" - id="linknoteref-495"><small>495</small></a> + failed to punish him. <a href="#linknote-495" id="linknoteref-495"><small>495</small></a> </p> <p> In consequence of his refusal to accept the Seals, the ministerial @@ -13899,16 +13538,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger detention of the Redbridge was illegal. The question was then put, that the House would agree with the Committee. The friends of the Old Company ventured on a second division, and were defeated by a hundred and - seventy-one votes to a hundred and twenty-five. <a href="#linknote-496" - name="linknoteref-496" id="linknoteref-496"><small>496</small></a> + seventy-one votes to a hundred and twenty-five. <a href="#linknote-496" id="linknoteref-496"><small>496</small></a> </p> <p> The blow was quickly followed up. A few days later it was moved that all subjects of England had equal right to trade to the East Indies unless prohibited by Act of Parliament; and the supporters of the Old Company, sensible that they were in a minority, suffered the motion to pass without - a division. <a href="#linknote-497" name="linknoteref-497" - id="linknoteref-497"><small>497</small></a> + a division. <a href="#linknote-497" id="linknoteref-497"><small>497</small></a> </p> <p> This memorable vote settled the most important of the constitutional @@ -13945,8 +13582,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Every where in the East, during this period of anarchy, servant of the Company and the independent merchant waged war on each other, accused each other of piracy, and tried by every artifice to exasperate the Mogul - government against each other. <a href="#linknote-498" - name="linknoteref-498" id="linknoteref-498"><small>498</small></a> + government against each other. <a href="#linknote-498" id="linknoteref-498"><small>498</small></a> </p> <p> The three great constitutional questions of the preceding year were, in @@ -13974,8 +13610,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the constitution of the Court of the Lord High Steward: they knew that the Lower House was as fully determined not to pass such a clause; and they thought it better that what must happen at last should happen speedily, - and without a quarrel. <a href="#linknote-499" name="linknoteref-499" - id="linknoteref-499"><small>499</small></a> + and without a quarrel. <a href="#linknote-499" id="linknoteref-499"><small>499</small></a> </p> <p> The fate of the Triennial Bill confounded all the calculations of the best @@ -13994,7 +13629,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger adversaries, when they were most secure. When the Speaker held up the bill in his hands, and put the question whether it should pass, the Noes were a hundred and forty-six, the Ayes only a hundred and thirty-six. <a - href="#linknote-500" name="linknoteref-500" id="linknoteref-500"><small>500</small></a> + href="#linknote-500" id="linknoteref-500"><small>500</small></a> Some eager Whigs flattered themselves that their defeat was the effect of a surprise, and might be retrieved. Within three days, therefore, Monmouth, the most ardent and restless man in the whole party, brought @@ -14026,7 +13661,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Paul wished to be dissolved; but, I doubt, if his friends had set him a day, he would not have taken it kindly of them." The bill was rejected by a hundred and ninety-seven votes to a hundred and twenty-seven. <a - href="#linknote-501" name="linknoteref-501" id="linknoteref-501"><small>501</small></a> + href="#linknote-501" id="linknoteref-501"><small>501</small></a> </p> <p> The Place Bill, differing very little from the Place Bill which had been @@ -14166,8 +13801,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Dutch Embassy the rising and going down of this tempest had been watched with intense interest; and the opinion there seems to have been that the King had on the whole lost neither power nor popularity by his - conduct. <a href="#linknote-502" name="linknoteref-502" - id="linknoteref-502"><small>502</small></a> + conduct. <a href="#linknote-502" id="linknoteref-502"><small>502</small></a> </p> <p> Another question, which excited scarcely less angry feeling in Parliament @@ -14229,7 +13863,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by treating with gross disrespect a commission sealed with the great seal of the Sovereigns to whom he had repeatedly sworn allegiance, and by setting on the rabble of his city to hoot and pelt the Judges. <a - href="#linknote-503" name="linknoteref-503" id="linknoteref-503"><small>503</small></a> + href="#linknote-503" id="linknoteref-503"><small>503</small></a> He now concluded a savage invective by desiring that the Serjeant at Arms would open the doors, in order that the odious roll of parchment, which was nothing less than a surrender of the birthright of the English people, @@ -14240,7 +13874,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger <p> On a division the motion for committing the bill was carried by a hundred and sixty-three votes to a hundred and twenty-eight. <a - href="#linknote-504" name="linknoteref-504" id="linknoteref-504"><small>504</small></a> + href="#linknote-504" id="linknoteref-504"><small>504</small></a> But the minority was zealous and pertinacious; and the majority speedily began to waver. Knight's speech, retouched and made more offensive, soon appeared in print without a license. Tens of thousands of copies were @@ -14254,7 +13888,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger said. He escaped with impunity; but his speech was voted false, scandalous and seditious, and was burned by the hangman in Palace Yard. The bill which had caused all this ferment was prudently suffered to drop. <a - href="#linknote-505" name="linknoteref-505" id="linknoteref-505"><small>505</small></a> + href="#linknote-505" id="linknoteref-505"><small>505</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile the Commons were busied with financial questions of grave @@ -14263,7 +13897,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that England had ever supported, four regiments of dragoons, eight of horse, and twenty-five of infantry. The whole number of men, officers included, would thus be increased to about ninety-four thousand. <a - href="#linknote-506" name="linknoteref-506" id="linknoteref-506"><small>506</small></a> + href="#linknote-506" id="linknoteref-506"><small>506</small></a> Cromwell, while holding down three reluctant kingdoms, and making vigorous war on Spain in Europe and America, had never had two thirds of the military force which William now thought necessary. The great body of the @@ -14275,32 +13909,30 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger new regiments of dragoons, six of horse, and fifteen of infantry. The whole number of troops voted for the year amounted to eighty-three thousand, the charge to more than two millions and a half, including about - two hundred thousand pounds for the ordnance. <a href="#linknote-507" - name="linknoteref-507" id="linknoteref-507"><small>507</small></a> + two hundred thousand pounds for the ordnance. <a href="#linknote-507" id="linknoteref-507"><small>507</small></a> </p> <p> The naval estimates passed much more rapidly; for Whigs and Tories agreed in thinking that the maritime ascendency of England ought to be maintained at any cost. Five hundred thousand pounds were voted for paying the arrears due to seamen, and two millions for the expenses of the year 1694. - <a href="#linknote-508" name="linknoteref-508" id="linknoteref-508"><small>508</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-508" id="linknoteref-508"><small>508</small></a> </p> <p> The Commons then proceeded to consider the Ways and Means. The land tax was renewed at four shillings in the pound; and by this simple but powerful machinery about two millions were raised with certainty and - despatch. <a href="#linknote-509" name="linknoteref-509" - id="linknoteref-509"><small>509</small></a> A poll tax was imposed. <a - href="#linknote-510" name="linknoteref-510" id="linknoteref-510"><small>510</small></a> + despatch. <a href="#linknote-509" id="linknoteref-509"><small>509</small></a> A poll tax was imposed. <a + href="#linknote-510" id="linknoteref-510"><small>510</small></a> Stamp duties had long been among the fiscal resources of Holland and France, and had existed here during part of the reign of Charles the Second, but had been suffered to expire. They were now revived; and they have ever since formed an important part of the revenue of the State. <a - href="#linknote-511" name="linknoteref-511" id="linknoteref-511"><small>511</small></a> + href="#linknote-511" id="linknoteref-511"><small>511</small></a> The hackney coaches of the capital were taxed, and were placed under the government of commissioners, in spite of the resistance of the wives of the coachmen, who assembled round Westminster Hall and mobbed the members. - <a href="#linknote-512" name="linknoteref-512" id="linknoteref-512"><small>512</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-512" id="linknoteref-512"><small>512</small></a> But, notwithstanding all these expedients, there was still a large deficiency; and it was again necessary to borrow. A new duty on salt and some other imposts of less importance were set apart to form a fund for a @@ -14325,8 +13957,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Dials with buildings. He was probably the best adviser that could have been consulted about the details of a lottery. Yet there were not wanting persons who thought it hardly decent in the Treasury to call in the aid of - a gambler by profession. <a href="#linknote-513" name="linknoteref-513" - id="linknoteref-513"><small>513</small></a> + a gambler by profession. <a href="#linknote-513" id="linknoteref-513"><small>513</small></a> </p> <p> By the lottery loan, as it was called, one million was obtained. But @@ -14379,8 +14010,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger transferred ten times in a morning; and thus a hundred guineas, locked in his safe close to the Exchange, did what would formerly have required a thousand guineas, dispersed through many tills, some on Ludgate Hill, some - in Austin Friars, and some in Tower Street. <a href="#linknote-514" - name="linknoteref-514" id="linknoteref-514"><small>514</small></a> + in Austin Friars, and some in Tower Street. <a href="#linknote-514" id="linknoteref-514"><small>514</small></a> </p> <p> Gradually even those who had been loudest in murmuring against the @@ -14410,8 +14040,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger distinguished from all the merchants of his time by the obstinacy with which he adhered to an ancient mode of doing business, long after the dullest and most ignorant plodders had abandoned that mode for one better - suited to a great commercial society. <a href="#linknote-515" - name="linknoteref-515" id="linknoteref-515"><small>515</small></a> + suited to a great commercial society. <a href="#linknote-515" id="linknoteref-515"><small>515</small></a> </p> <p> No sooner had banking become a separate and important trade, than men @@ -14447,8 +14076,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger examined, attacked and defended. Some pamphleteers maintained that a national bank ought to be under the direction of the King. Others thought that the management ought to be entrusted to the Lord Mayor, Aldermen and - Common Council of the capital. <a href="#linknote-516" - name="linknoteref-516" id="linknoteref-516"><small>516</small></a> After + Common Council of the capital. <a href="#linknote-516" id="linknoteref-516"><small>516</small></a> After the Revolution the subject was discussed with an animation before unknown. For, under the influence of liberty, the breed of political projectors multiplied exceedingly. A crowd of plans, some of which resemble the @@ -14467,8 +14095,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger words, be the paradise of the world. The only losers would be the moneyed men, those worst enemies of the nation, who had done more injury to the gentry and yeomanry than an invading army from France would have had the - heart to do. <a href="#linknote-517" name="linknoteref-517" - id="linknoteref-517"><small>517</small></a> + heart to do. <a href="#linknote-517" id="linknoteref-517"><small>517</small></a> </p> <p> These blessed effects the Land Bank was to produce simply by issuing @@ -14476,8 +14103,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger projectors was that every person who had real property ought to have, besides that property, paper money to the full value of that property. Thus, if his estate was worth two thousand pounds, he ought to have his - estate and two thousand pounds in paper money. <a href="#linknote-518" - name="linknoteref-518" id="linknoteref-518"><small>518</small></a> Both + estate and two thousand pounds in paper money. <a href="#linknote-518" id="linknoteref-518"><small>518</small></a> Both Briscoe and Chamberlayne treated with the greatest contempt the notion that there could be an overissue of paper as long as there was, for every ten pound note, a piece of land in the country worth ten pounds. Nobody, @@ -14511,8 +14137,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger worth five times the fee simple; in other words, that a hundred was five times infinity. Those who reasoned thus were refuted by being told that they were usurers; and it should seem that a large number of country - gentlemen thought the refutation complete. <a href="#linknote-519" - name="linknoteref-519" id="linknoteref-519"><small>519</small></a> + gentlemen thought the refutation complete. <a href="#linknote-519" id="linknoteref-519"><small>519</small></a> </p> <p> In December 1693 Chamberlayne laid his plan, in all its naked absurdity, @@ -14520,7 +14145,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to raise eight thousand pounds on every freehold estate of a hundred and fifty pounds a year which should be brought, as he expressed it, into his Land Bank, and this without dispossessing the freeholder. <a - href="#linknote-520" name="linknoteref-520" id="linknoteref-520"><small>520</small></a> + href="#linknote-520" id="linknoteref-520"><small>520</small></a> All the squires in the House must have known that the fee simple of such an estate would hardly fetch three thousand pounds in the market. That less than the fee simple of such an estate could, by any device, be made @@ -14529,8 +14154,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the benches. Distress, however, and animosity had made the landed gentlemen credulous. They insisted on referring Chamberlayne's plan to a committee; and the committee reported that the plan was practicable, and - would tend to the benefit of the nation. <a href="#linknote-521" - name="linknoteref-521" id="linknoteref-521"><small>521</small></a> But by + would tend to the benefit of the nation. <a href="#linknote-521" id="linknoteref-521"><small>521</small></a> But by this time the united force of demonstration and derision had begun to produce an effect even on the most ignorant rustics in the House. The report lay unnoticed on the table; and the country was saved from a @@ -14595,7 +14219,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger existed together. Banks were republican institutions. There were flourishing banks at Venice, at Genoa, at Amsterdam and at Hamburg. But who had ever heard of a Bank of France or a Bank of Spain? <a - href="#linknote-522" name="linknoteref-522" id="linknoteref-522"><small>522</small></a> + href="#linknote-522" id="linknoteref-522"><small>522</small></a> Some discontented Whigs, on the other hand, predicted ruin to our liberties. Here, they said, is an instrument of tyranny more formidable than the High Commission, than the Star Chamber, than even the fifty @@ -14657,8 +14281,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger during the summer? This argument prevailed; and, on a division, the amendment was rejected by forty-three votes to thirty-one. A few hours later the bill received the royal assent, and the Parliament was - prorogued. <a href="#linknote-523" name="linknoteref-523" - id="linknoteref-523"><small>523</small></a> In the City the success of + prorogued. <a href="#linknote-523" id="linknoteref-523"><small>523</small></a> In the City the success of Montague's plan was complete. It was then at least as difficult to raise a million at eight per cent. as it would now be to raise thirty millions at four per cent. It had been supposed that contributions would drop in very @@ -14669,8 +14292,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger forty-eight hours; and, in ten days, to the delight of all the friends of the government, it was announced that the list was full. The whole sum which the Corporation was bound to lend to the State was paid into the - Exchequer before the first instalment was due. <a href="#linknote-524" - name="linknoteref-524" id="linknoteref-524"><small>524</small></a> Somers + Exchequer before the first instalment was due. <a href="#linknote-524" id="linknoteref-524"><small>524</small></a> Somers gladly put the Great Seal to a charter framed in conformity with the terms prescribed by Parliament; and the Bank of England commenced its operations in the house of the Company of Grocers. There, during many years, @@ -14681,8 +14303,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger fifty pounds. It now exceeds two hundred and ten thousand pounds. We may therefore fairly infer that the incomes of commercial clerks are, on an average, about three times as large in the reign of Victoria as they were - in the reign of William the Third. <a href="#linknote-525" - name="linknoteref-525" id="linknoteref-525"><small>525</small></a> + in the reign of William the Third. <a href="#linknote-525" id="linknoteref-525"><small>525</small></a> </p> <p> It soon appeared that Montague had, by skilfully availing himself of the @@ -14704,8 +14325,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger beautiful Queen sinks down fainting. The spell by which she has turned all things around her into treasure is broken. The money bags shrink like pricked bladders. The piles of gold pieces are turned into bundles of rags - or faggots of wooden tallies. <a href="#linknote-526" - name="linknoteref-526" id="linknoteref-526"><small>526</small></a> The + or faggots of wooden tallies. <a href="#linknote-526" id="linknoteref-526"><small>526</small></a> The truth which this parable was meant to convey was constantly present to the minds of the rulers of the Bank. So closely was their interest bound up with the interest of the government that the greater the public danger the @@ -14715,8 +14335,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Chancellor of the Exchequer to go, hat in hand, up and down Cheapside and Cornhill, attended by the Lord Mayor and by the Aldermen, and to make up a sum by borrowing a hundred pounds from this hosier, and two hundred pounds - from that ironmonger. <a href="#linknote-527" name="linknoteref-527" - id="linknoteref-527"><small>527</small></a> Those times were over. The + from that ironmonger. <a href="#linknote-527" id="linknoteref-527"><small>527</small></a> Those times were over. The government, instead of laboriously scooping up supplies from numerous petty sources, could now draw whatever it required from an immense reservoir, which all those petty sources kept constantly replenished. It @@ -14729,8 +14348,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger received the royal assent, the Parliament was prorogued by the King with a speech in which he warmly thanked the Commons for their liberality. Montague was immediately rewarded for his services with the place of - Chancellor of the Exchequer. <a href="#linknote-528" name="linknoteref-528" - id="linknoteref-528"><small>528</small></a> + Chancellor of the Exchequer. <a href="#linknote-528" id="linknoteref-528"><small>528</small></a> </p> <p> Shrewsbury had a few weeks before consented to accept the seals. He had @@ -14777,8 +14395,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger honour, and that, if you undertake to serve me, you will serve me faithfully." So pressed, Shrewsbury complied, to the great joy of his whole party; and was immediately rewarded for his compliance with a - dukedom and a garter. <a href="#linknote-529" name="linknoteref-529" - id="linknoteref-529"><small>529</small></a> + dukedom and a garter. <a href="#linknote-529" id="linknoteref-529"><small>529</small></a> </p> <p> Thus a Whig ministry was gradually forming. There were now two Whig @@ -14790,8 +14407,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to lose much of his influence with the Tory country gentlemen who had once listened to him as to an oracle, was dismissed, and his place was filled by John Smith, a zealous and able Whig, who had taken an active part in - the debates of the late session. <a href="#linknote-530" - name="linknoteref-530" id="linknoteref-530"><small>530</small></a> The + the debates of the late session. <a href="#linknote-530" id="linknoteref-530"><small>530</small></a> The only Tories who still held great offices in the executive government were the Lord President, Caermarthen, who, though he began to feel that power was slipping from his grasp, still clutched it desperately, and the first @@ -14822,8 +14438,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Russell and Cavendish, which had long been closely connected by friendship and by marriage, by common opinions, common sufferings and common triumphs, received on the same day the greatest honour which it is in the - power of the Crown to confer. <a href="#linknote-531" - name="linknoteref-531" id="linknoteref-531"><small>531</small></a> + power of the Crown to confer. <a href="#linknote-531" id="linknoteref-531"><small>531</small></a> </p> <p> The Gazette which announced these creations announced also that the King @@ -14856,8 +14471,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of Rochefort. Many, till the fleet actually began to move westward, believed that it was bound for Dunkirk. Many guessed that Brest would be the point of attack; but they only guessed this; for the secret was much - better kept than most of the secrets of that age. <a href="#linknote-532" - name="linknoteref-532" id="linknoteref-532"><small>532</small></a> + better kept than most of the secrets of that age. <a href="#linknote-532" id="linknoteref-532"><small>532</small></a> Russell, till he was ready to weigh anchor, persisted in assuring his Jacobite friends that he knew nothing. His discretion was proof even against all the arts of Marlborough. Marlborough, however, had other @@ -14961,8 +14575,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a single Tory remained in the Cabinet Council. The real criminal was not named; nor, till the archives of the House of Stuart were explored, was it known to the world that Talmash had perished by the basest of all the - hundred villanies of Marlborough. <a href="#linknote-533" - name="linknoteref-533" id="linknoteref-533"><small>533</small></a> + hundred villanies of Marlborough. <a href="#linknote-533" id="linknoteref-533"><small>533</small></a> </p> <p> Yet never had Marlborough been less a Jacobite than at the moment when he @@ -15003,8 +14616,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger expressed himself with generous tenderness. "The poor fellow's fate," he wrote, "has affected me much. I do not indeed think that he managed well; but it was his ardent desire to distinguish himself that impelled him to - attempt impossibilities." <a href="#linknote-534" name="linknoteref-534" - id="linknoteref-534"><small>534</small></a> + attempt impossibilities." <a href="#linknote-534" id="linknoteref-534"><small>534</small></a> </p> <p> The armament which had returned to Portsmouth soon sailed again for the @@ -15084,8 +14696,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sailed to that port; and there he employed himself in refitting his ships with an activity unintelligible to the Spanish functionaries, who calmly suffered the miserable remains of what had once been the greatest navy in - the world to rot under their eyes. <a href="#linknote-535" - name="linknoteref-535" id="linknoteref-535"><small>535</small></a> + the world to rot under their eyes. <a href="#linknote-535" id="linknoteref-535"><small>535</small></a> </p> <p> Along the eastern frontier of France the war during this year seemed to @@ -15140,8 +14751,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger specify the crime, and yet that, under the authority of such instruments as these, houses were entered, desks and cabinets searched, valuable papers carried away, and men of good birth and breeding flung into gaol - among felons. <a href="#linknote-536" name="linknoteref-536" - id="linknoteref-536"><small>536</small></a> The minister and his agents + among felons. <a href="#linknote-536" id="linknoteref-536"><small>536</small></a> The minister and his agents answered that Westminster Hall was open; that, if any man had been illegally imprisoned, he had only to bring his action; that juries were quite sufficiently disposed to listen to any person who pretended to have @@ -15166,8 +14776,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his apostasy, and by the part which he had borne in the spoliation of the religious orders, cut himself off from all retreat, and that, having nothing but a halter to expect from King James, he must be true to King - William. <a href="#linknote-537" name="linknoteref-537" - id="linknoteref-537"><small>537</small></a> + William. <a href="#linknote-537" id="linknoteref-537"><small>537</small></a> </p> <p> This man fell in with a Jacobite agent named Lunt, who had, since the @@ -15186,7 +14795,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger seemed to make the case complete. The narrative was plausible and coherent; and indeed, though it may have been embellished by fictions, there can be little doubt that it was in substance true. <a - href="#linknote-538" name="linknoteref-538" id="linknoteref-538"><small>538</small></a> + href="#linknote-538" id="linknoteref-538"><small>538</small></a> Messengers and search warrants were sent down to Lancashire. Aaron Smith himself went thither; and Taaffe went with him. The alarm had been given by some of the numerous traitors who ate the bread of William. Some of the @@ -15204,8 +14813,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger up, thirty saddles for troopers, as many breastplates, and sixty cavalry swords. Trenchard and Aaron Smith thought the case complete; and it was determined that those culprits who had been apprehended should be tried by - a special commission. <a href="#linknote-539" name="linknoteref-539" - id="linknoteref-539"><small>539</small></a> + a special commission. <a href="#linknote-539" id="linknoteref-539"><small>539</small></a> </p> <p> Taaffe now confidently expected to be recompensed for his services; but he @@ -15226,8 +14834,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his offer was not to be slighted. He received a sum in hand; he was assured that a comfortable annuity for life should be settled on him when the business was done; and he was sent down into the country, and kept in - strict seclusion against the day of trial. <a href="#linknote-540" - name="linknoteref-540" id="linknoteref-540"><small>540</small></a> + strict seclusion against the day of trial. <a href="#linknote-540" id="linknoteref-540"><small>540</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile unlicensed pamphlets, in which the Lancashire plot was classed @@ -15242,8 +14849,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger judge by internal evidence may perhaps think that, in some parts of this remarkable tract, they can discern the last gleam of the malignant genius of Montgomery. A few weeks after the appearance of the Letter he sank, - unhonoured and unlamented, into the grave. <a href="#linknote-541" - name="linknoteref-541" id="linknoteref-541"><small>541</small></a> + unhonoured and unlamented, into the grave. <a href="#linknote-541" id="linknoteref-541"><small>541</small></a> </p> <p> There were then no printed newspapers except the London Gazette. But since @@ -15257,8 +14863,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger country gentlemen. He now turned the Lancashire plot into ridicule, declared that the guns which had been found were old fowling pieces, that the saddles were meant only for hunting, and that the swords were rusty - reliques of Edge Hill and Marston Moor. <a href="#linknote-542" - name="linknoteref-542" id="linknoteref-542"><small>542</small></a> The + reliques of Edge Hill and Marston Moor. <a href="#linknote-542" id="linknoteref-542"><small>542</small></a> The effect produced by all this invective and sarcasm on the public mind seems to have been great. Even at the Dutch Embassy, where assuredly there was no leaning towards Jacobitism, there was a strong impression that it would @@ -15289,8 +14894,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </p> <p> Of the trial no detailed report has come down to us; but we have both a - Whig narrative and a Jacobite narrative. <a href="#linknote-543" - name="linknoteref-543" id="linknoteref-543"><small>543</small></a> It + Whig narrative and a Jacobite narrative. <a href="#linknote-543" id="linknoteref-543"><small>543</small></a> It seems that the prisoners who were first arraigned did not sever in their challenges, and were consequently tried together. Williams examined or rather crossexamined his own witnesses with a severity which confused @@ -15367,7 +14971,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger copyright. About the same time Dryden, whose reputation was then in the zenith, received thirteen hundred pounds for his translation of all the works of Virgil, and was thought to have been splendidly remunerated. <a - href="#linknote-544" name="linknoteref-544" id="linknoteref-544"><small>544</small></a> + href="#linknote-544" id="linknoteref-544"><small>544</small></a> </p> <p> It was not easy to fill satisfactorily the high place which Tillotson had @@ -15447,7 +15051,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had been tried at Manchester had been unjustifiably persecuted, till a Jacobite plot of singular atrocity, brought home to the plotters by decisive evidence, produced a violent revulsion of feeling. <a - href="#linknote-545" name="linknoteref-545" id="linknoteref-545"><small>545</small></a> + href="#linknote-545" id="linknoteref-545"><small>545</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile three bills, which had been repeatedly discussed in preceding @@ -15459,8 +15063,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The Place Bill did not reach the Lords. It was thrice read in the Lower House, but was not passed. At the very last moment it was rejected by a hundred and seventy-five votes to a hundred and forty-two. Howe and Barley - were the tellers for the minority. <a href="#linknote-546" - name="linknoteref-546" id="linknoteref-546"><small>546</small></a> + were the tellers for the minority. <a href="#linknote-546" id="linknoteref-546"><small>546</small></a> </p> <p> The Bill for the Regulation of Trials in cases of Treason went up again to @@ -15468,7 +15071,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger been fatal to it. The Commons again refused to grant any new privilege to the hereditary aristocracy. Conferences were again held; reasons were again exchanged; both Houses were again obstinate; and the bill was again - lost. <a href="#linknote-547" name="linknoteref-547" id="linknoteref-547"><small>547</small></a> + lost. <a href="#linknote-547" id="linknoteref-547"><small>547</small></a> </p> <p> The Triennial Bill was more fortunate. It was brought in on the first day @@ -15483,17 +15086,15 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger words, "A Bill for the frequent Calling and Meeting of Parliaments," the anxiety was great. When the Clerk of the Parliament made answer, "Le roy et la royne le veulent," a loud and long hum of delight and exultation - rose from the benches and the bar. <a href="#linknote-548" - name="linknoteref-548" id="linknoteref-548"><small>548</small></a> William + rose from the benches and the bar. <a href="#linknote-548" id="linknoteref-548"><small>548</small></a> William had resolved many months before not to refuse his assent a second time to - so popular a law. <a href="#linknote-549" name="linknoteref-549" - id="linknoteref-549"><small>549</small></a> There was some however who + so popular a law. <a href="#linknote-549" id="linknoteref-549"><small>549</small></a> There was some however who thought that he would not have made so great a concession if he had on that day been quite himself. It was plain indeed that he was strangely agitated and unnerved. It had been announced that he would dine in public at Whitehall. But he disappointed the curiosity of the multitude which on such occasions flocked to the Court, and hurried back to Kensington. <a - href="#linknote-550" name="linknoteref-550" id="linknoteref-550"><small>550</small></a> + href="#linknote-550" id="linknoteref-550"><small>550</small></a> </p> <p> He had but too good reason to be uneasy. His wife had, during two or three @@ -15575,7 +15176,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger declined the offer. The excitement of an interview, he said, would be too much for both sisters. If a favourable turn took place, Her Royal Highness should be most welcome to Kensington. A few hours later all was over. <a - href="#linknote-551" name="linknoteref-551" id="linknoteref-551"><small>551</small></a> + href="#linknote-551" id="linknoteref-551"><small>551</small></a> </p> <p> The public sorrow was great and general. For Mary's blameless life, her @@ -15589,15 +15190,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger general than even the mourning for Charles the Second had been. On the Sunday which followed the Queen's death her virtues were celebrated in almost every parish church of the Capital, and in almost every great - meeting of nonconformists. <a href="#linknote-552" name="linknoteref-552" - id="linknoteref-552"><small>552</small></a> + meeting of nonconformists. <a href="#linknote-552" id="linknoteref-552"><small>552</small></a> </p> <p> The most estimable Jacobites respected the sorrow of William and the memory of Mary. But to the fiercer zealots of the party neither the house of mourning nor the grave was sacred. At Bristol the adherents of Sir John - Knight rang the bells as if for a victory. <a href="#linknote-553" - name="linknoteref-553" id="linknoteref-553"><small>553</small></a> It has + Knight rang the bells as if for a victory. <a href="#linknote-553" id="linknoteref-553"><small>553</small></a> It has often been repeated, and is not at all improbable, that a nonjuring divine, in the midst of the general lamentation, preached on the text, "Go; see now this cursed woman and bury her; for she is a King's @@ -15618,14 +15217,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger father ran away from Rochester; it was at midnight that the daughter expired. Such was the profundity and such the ingenuity of a writer whom the Jacobite schismatics justly regarded as one of their ablest chiefs. <a - href="#linknote-554" name="linknoteref-554" id="linknoteref-554"><small>554</small></a> + href="#linknote-554" id="linknoteref-554"><small>554</small></a> </p> <p> The Whigs soon had an opportunity of retaliating. They triumphantly related that a scrivener in the Borough, a stanch friend of hereditary right, while exulting in the judgment which had overtaken the Queen, had - himself fallen down dead in a fit. <a href="#linknote-555" - name="linknoteref-555" id="linknoteref-555"><small>555</small></a> + himself fallen down dead in a fit. <a href="#linknote-555" id="linknoteref-555"><small>555</small></a> </p> <p> The funeral was long remembered as the saddest and most august that @@ -15657,7 +15255,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger whole ceremony the distant booming of cannon was heard every minute from the batteries of the Tower. The gentle Queen sleeps among her illustrious kindred in the southern aisle of the Chapel of Henry the Seventh. <a - href="#linknote-556" name="linknoteref-556" id="linknoteref-556"><small>556</small></a> + href="#linknote-556" id="linknoteref-556"><small>556</small></a> </p> <p> The affection with which her husband cherished her memory was soon @@ -15685,16 +15283,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the love and sorrow of William, and of the great victory of La Hogue. </p> <p> - <a name="link2HCH0005" id="link2HCH0005"> + <a id="link2HCH0005"> <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> CHAPTER XXI </h2> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent—Death of Luxemburg—Distress of William—Parliamentary Proceedings; Emancipation of the Press—Death of Halifax—Parliamentary Inquiries into the Corruption of the Public @@ -15730,18 +15328,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Huguenots, in every part of Europe to which they had wandered, bewailed the Elect Lady, who had retrenched from her own royal state in order to furnish bread and shelter to the persecuted people of God. <a - href="#linknote-557" name="linknoteref-557" id="linknoteref-557"><small>557</small></a> + href="#linknote-557" id="linknoteref-557"><small>557</small></a> In the United Provinces, where she was well known and had always been popular, she was tenderly lamented. Matthew Prior, whose parts and accomplishments had obtained for him the patronage of the magnificent Dorset, and who was now attached to the Embassy at the Hague, wrote that the coldest and most passionless of nations was touched. The very marble, - he said, wept. <a href="#linknote-558" name="linknoteref-558" - id="linknoteref-558"><small>558</small></a> The lamentations of Cambridge + he said, wept. <a href="#linknote-558" id="linknoteref-558"><small>558</small></a> The lamentations of Cambridge and Oxford were echoed by Leyden and Utrecht. The States General put on mourning. The bells of all the steeples of Holland tolled dolefully day - after day. <a href="#linknote-559" name="linknoteref-559" - id="linknoteref-559"><small>559</small></a> James, meanwhile, strictly + after day. <a href="#linknote-559" id="linknoteref-559"><small>559</small></a> James, meanwhile, strictly prohibited all mourning at Saint Germains, and prevailed on Lewis to issue a similar prohibition at Versailles. Some of the most illustrious nobles of France, and among them the Dukes of Bouillon and of Duras, were related @@ -15751,7 +15347,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of the great King to prevent his highbred and sharpwitted courtiers from whispering to each other that there was something pitiful in this revenge taken by the living on the dead, by a parent on a child. <a - href="#linknote-560" name="linknoteref-560" id="linknoteref-560"><small>560</small></a> + href="#linknote-560" id="linknoteref-560"><small>560</small></a> </p> <p> The hopes of James and of his companions in exile were now higher than @@ -15790,8 +15386,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger pray for him; but prayers and prescriptions were vain. "How glad the Prince of Orange will be," said Lewis, "when the news of our loss reaches him." He was mistaken. That news found William unable to think of any loss - but his own. <a href="#linknote-561" name="linknoteref-561" - id="linknoteref-561"><small>561</small></a> + but his own. <a href="#linknote-561" id="linknoteref-561"><small>561</small></a> </p> <p> During the month which followed the death of Mary the King was incapable @@ -15807,8 +15402,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger confidence," he wrote, "that I feel myself to be no longer fit for military command. Yet I will try to do my duty; and I hope that God will strengthen me." So despondingly did he look forward to the most brilliant - and successful of his many campaigns. <a href="#linknote-562" - name="linknoteref-562" id="linknoteref-562"><small>562</small></a> + and successful of his many campaigns. <a href="#linknote-562" id="linknoteref-562"><small>562</small></a> </p> <p> There was no interruption of parliamentary business. While the Abbey was @@ -15876,7 +15470,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger read twice, and referred to a select committee. But the session closed before the committee had reported; and English literature was emancipated, and emancipated for ever, from the control of the government. <a - href="#linknote-563" name="linknoteref-563" id="linknoteref-563"><small>563</small></a> + href="#linknote-563" id="linknoteref-563"><small>563</small></a> This great event passed almost unnoticed. Evelyn and Luttrell did not think it worth mentioning in their diaries. The Dutch minister did not think it worth mentioning in his despatches. No allusion to it is to be @@ -15910,8 +15504,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger for the great change by devotions which astonished those who had called him an atheist, and died with the serenity of a philosopher and of a Christian, while his friends and kindred, not suspecting his danger, were - tasting the sack posset and drawing the curtain. <a href="#linknote-564" - name="linknoteref-564" id="linknoteref-564"><small>564</small></a> His + tasting the sack posset and drawing the curtain. <a href="#linknote-564" id="linknoteref-564"><small>564</small></a> His legitimate male posterity and his titles soon became extinct. No small portion, however, of his wit and eloquence descended to his daughter's son, Philip Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chesterfield. But it is perhaps not @@ -15960,8 +15553,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger vigorous prosecution of the war, and that his last work was a tract in which he exhorted his countrymen to remember that the public burdens, heavy as they might seem, were light when compared with the yoke of France - and of Rome. <a href="#linknote-565" name="linknoteref-565" - id="linknoteref-565"><small>565</small></a> + and of Rome. <a href="#linknote-565" id="linknoteref-565"><small>565</small></a> </p> <p> About a fortnight after the death of Halifax, a fate far more cruel than @@ -16007,8 +15599,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger promised ample redress, cashiered the offending colonel, gave strict orders that the troops should receive their due regularly, and established a military board for the purpose of detecting and punishing such - malpractices as had taken place at Royston. <a href="#linknote-566" - name="linknoteref-566" id="linknoteref-566"><small>566</small></a> + malpractices as had taken place at Royston. <a href="#linknote-566" id="linknoteref-566"><small>566</small></a> </p> <p> But the whole administration was in such a state that it was hardly @@ -16021,8 +15612,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the buildings and furniture of the public offices, from James to William; he affected the character of a High Churchman; and he was known to be closely connected with some of the heads of the Tory party, and especially - with Trevor. <a href="#linknote-567" name="linknoteref-567" - id="linknoteref-567"><small>567</small></a> + with Trevor. <a href="#linknote-567" id="linknoteref-567"><small>567</small></a> </p> <p> Another name, which was afterwards but too widely celebrated, first became @@ -16034,7 +15624,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger despair. He had become an army clothier. He was examined as to his dealings with the colonels of regiments; and, as he obstinately refused to produce his books, he was sent to keep Guy company in the Tower. <a - href="#linknote-568" name="linknoteref-568" id="linknoteref-568"><small>568</small></a> + href="#linknote-568" id="linknoteref-568"><small>568</small></a> </p> <p> A few hours after Craggs had been thrown into prison, a committee, which @@ -16046,7 +15636,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had been pillaged and insulted, not only by the commissioners, but by one commissioner's lacquey and by another commissioner's harlot. The Commons addressed the King; and the King turned the delinquents out of their - places. <a href="#linknote-569" name="linknoteref-569" id="linknoteref-569"><small>569</small></a> + places. <a href="#linknote-569" id="linknoteref-569"><small>569</small></a> </p> <p> But by this time delinquents far higher in power and rank were beginning @@ -16057,7 +15647,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the political world at this conjuncture to the state of a city in which the plague has just been discovered, and in which the terrible words, "Lord have mercy on us," are already seen on some doors. <a - href="#linknote-570" name="linknoteref-570" id="linknoteref-570"><small>570</small></a> + href="#linknote-570" id="linknoteref-570"><small>570</small></a> Whispers, which at another time would have speedily died away and been forgotten, now swelled, first into murmurs, and then into clamours. A rumour rose and spread that the funds of the two wealthiest corporations @@ -16105,8 +15695,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger terrible. After a tumultuous debate in which the cry of "the Tower" was repeatedly heard, Wharton managed to carry his point. Before the House rose a committee was appointed to examine the books of the City of London - and of the East India Company. <a href="#linknote-571" - name="linknoteref-571" id="linknoteref-571"><small>571</small></a> + and of the East India Company. <a href="#linknote-571" id="linknoteref-571"><small>571</small></a> </p> <p> Foley was placed in the chair of the committee. Within a week he reported @@ -16117,11 +15706,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sessions his sordid rapacity had made him an object of general aversion. The legitimate emoluments of his post amounted to about four thousand a year; but it was believed that he had made at least ten thousand a year. - <a href="#linknote-572" name="linknoteref-572" id="linknoteref-572"><small>572</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-572" id="linknoteref-572"><small>572</small></a> His profligacy and insolence united had been too much even for the angelic temper of Tillotson. It was said that the gentle Archbishop had been heard to mutter something about a knave as the Speaker passed by him. <a - href="#linknote-573" name="linknoteref-573" id="linknoteref-573"><small>573</small></a> + href="#linknote-573" id="linknoteref-573"><small>573</small></a> Yet, great as were the offences of this bad man, his punishment was fully proportioned to them. As soon as the report of the committee had been read, it was moved that he had been guilty of a high crime and @@ -16147,7 +15736,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger implacable hatred of jobbery and corruption which he somewhat ostentatiously professed, and doubtless sincerely felt. On the day after he entered on his functions, his predecessor was expelled. <a - href="#linknote-574" name="linknoteref-574" id="linknoteref-574"><small>574</small></a> + href="#linknote-574" id="linknoteref-574"><small>574</small></a> </p> <p> The indiscretion of Trevor had been equal to his baseness; and his guilt @@ -16185,12 +15774,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger doubted whether there were such evidence of corruption as would be held sufficient by a court of justice. Seymour escaped without even a vote of censure, and still continued to take a leading part in the debates of the - Commons. <a href="#linknote-575" name="linknoteref-575" - id="linknoteref-575"><small>575</small></a> But the authority which he had + Commons. <a href="#linknote-575" id="linknoteref-575"><small>575</small></a> But the authority which he had long exercised in the House and in the western counties of England, though not destroyed, was visibly diminished; and, to the end of his life, his traffic in saltpetre was a favourite theme of Whig pamphleteers and poets. - <a href="#linknote-576" name="linknoteref-576" id="linknoteref-576"><small>576</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-576" id="linknoteref-576"><small>576</small></a> </p> <p> The escape of Seymour only inflamed the ardour of Wharton and of Wharton's @@ -16205,11 +15793,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger fine of twenty thousand pounds to the Crown. Rich as he was, these penalties would have reduced him to penury. The Commons were in such a temper that they passed the bill without a single division. <a - href="#linknote-577" name="linknoteref-577" id="linknoteref-577"><small>577</small></a> + href="#linknote-577" id="linknoteref-577"><small>577</small></a> Seymour, indeed, though his saltpetre contract was the talk of the whole town, came forward with unabashed forehead to plead for his accomplice; but his effrontery only injured the cause which he defended. <a - href="#linknote-578" name="linknoteref-578" id="linknoteref-578"><small>578</small></a> + href="#linknote-578" id="linknoteref-578"><small>578</small></a> In the Upper House the bill was condemned in the strongest terms by the Duke of Leeds. Pressing his hand on his heart, he declared, on his faith, on his honour, that he had no personal interest in the question, and that @@ -16232,8 +15820,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and that the greater part of the enormous sums which had passed through Cook's hands had been paid to Portland for His Majesty's use. But the Parliament and the nation were determined to know the truth, whoever might - suffer by the disclosure. <a href="#linknote-579" name="linknoteref-579" - id="linknoteref-579"><small>579</small></a> + suffer by the disclosure. <a href="#linknote-579" id="linknoteref-579"><small>579</small></a> </p> <p> As soon as the Bill of Indemnity had received the royal assent, the joint @@ -16257,8 +15844,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and honour. He took, without scruple, whatever he thought that he could honestly take, but was incapable of stooping to an act of baseness. Indeed, he resented as affronts the compliments which were paid him on - this occasion. <a href="#linknote-580" name="linknoteref-580" - id="linknoteref-580"><small>580</small></a> The integrity of Nottingham + this occasion. <a href="#linknote-580" id="linknoteref-580"><small>580</small></a> The integrity of Nottingham could excite no surprise. Ten thousand pounds had been offered to him, and had been refused. The number of cases in which bribery was fully made out was small. A large part of the sum which Cook had drawn from the Company's @@ -16293,8 +15879,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger been free from all taint of corruption, the guineas would have been detained as long as Cook was able to remain silent, and would have been refunded on the very first day on which he was under the necessity of - speaking out? <a href="#linknote-581" name="linknoteref-581" - id="linknoteref-581"><small>581</small></a> + speaking out? <a href="#linknote-581" id="linknoteref-581"><small>581</small></a> </p> <p> A few hours after the examination of Bates, Wharton reported to the @@ -16320,8 +15905,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger charters, a profitable foreign trade in secrets is carried on? Can we doubt that he who sells us to one another will, for a good price, sell us all to the common enemy?" Wharton concluded by moving that Leeds should be - impeached of high crimes and misdemeanours. <a href="#linknote-582" - name="linknoteref-582" id="linknoteref-582"><small>582</small></a> + impeached of high crimes and misdemeanours. <a href="#linknote-582" id="linknoteref-582"><small>582</small></a> </p> <p> Leeds had many friends and dependents in the House of Commons; but they @@ -16384,7 +15968,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Wharton, with a large following, went up to the Lords, and informed them that the Commons had resolved to impeach the Duke. A committee of managers was appointed to draw up the articles and to prepare the evidence. <a - href="#linknote-583" name="linknoteref-583" id="linknoteref-583"><small>583</small></a> + href="#linknote-583" id="linknoteref-583"><small>583</small></a> </p> <p> The articles were speedily drawn; but to the chain of evidence one link @@ -16427,8 +16011,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger were generally unwilling to take a step which would have been in the highest degree offensive to the Lower House, and to the great body of those whom that House represented. The Duke's motion fell to the ground; - and a few hours later the Parliament was prorogued. <a href="#linknote-584" - name="linknoteref-584" id="linknoteref-584"><small>584</small></a> + and a few hours later the Parliament was prorogued. <a href="#linknote-584" id="linknoteref-584"><small>584</small></a> </p> <p> The impeachment was never revived. The evidence which would warrant a @@ -16445,8 +16028,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger told that he would do well not to show himself at Council; the business and the patronage even of the department of which he was the nominal head passed into other hands; and the place which he ostensibly filled was - considered in political circles as really vacant. <a href="#linknote-585" - name="linknoteref-585" id="linknoteref-585"><small>585</small></a> + considered in political circles as really vacant. <a href="#linknote-585" id="linknoteref-585"><small>585</small></a> </p> <p> He hastened into the country, and hid himself there, during some months, @@ -16475,8 +16057,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger seven was a Tory. The Lord President, still second in rank, and a few days before first in power, of the great lay dignitaries of the realm, was passed over; and the omission was universally regarded as an official - announcement of his disgrace. <a href="#linknote-586" - name="linknoteref-586" id="linknoteref-586"><small>586</small></a> + announcement of his disgrace. <a href="#linknote-586" id="linknoteref-586"><small>586</small></a> </p> <p> There were some who wondered that the Princess of Denmark was not @@ -16553,19 +16134,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger qualified him to touch the sore places of the mind without hurting them, implored His Majesty to be reconciled to the Princess. "Do what you will," said William; "I can think of no business." Thus authorised, the mediators - speedily concluded a treaty. <a href="#linknote-587" name="linknoteref-587" - id="linknoteref-587"><small>587</small></a> Anne came to Kensington, and + speedily concluded a treaty. <a href="#linknote-587" id="linknoteref-587"><small>587</small></a> Anne came to Kensington, and was graciously received; she was lodged in Saint James's Palace; a guard of honour was again placed at her door; and the Gazettes again, after a long interval, announced that foreign ministers had had the honour of - being presented to her. <a href="#linknote-588" name="linknoteref-588" - id="linknoteref-588"><small>588</small></a> The Churchills were again + being presented to her. <a href="#linknote-588" id="linknoteref-588"><small>588</small></a> The Churchills were again permitted to dwell under the royal roof. But William did not at first include them in the peace which he had made with their mistress. Marlborough remained excluded from military and political employment; and it was not without much difficulty that he was admitted into the circle at - Kensington, and permitted to kiss the royal hand. <a href="#linknote-589" - name="linknoteref-589" id="linknoteref-589"><small>589</small></a> The + Kensington, and permitted to kiss the royal hand. <a href="#linknote-589" id="linknoteref-589"><small>589</small></a> The feeling with which he was regarded by the King explains why Anne was not appointed Regent. The Regency of Anne would have been the Regency of Marlborough; and it is not strange that a man whom it was not thought safe @@ -16614,8 +16192,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger which Coligni had perished. Another Pope had in a solemn allocution hymned the murder of Henry the Third of France in rapturous language borrowed from the ode of the prophet Habakkuk, and had extolled the murderer above - Phinehas and Judith. <a href="#linknote-590" name="linknoteref-590" - id="linknoteref-590"><small>590</small></a> William was regarded at Saint + Phinehas and Judith. <a href="#linknote-590" id="linknoteref-590"><small>590</small></a> William was regarded at Saint Germains as a monster compared with whom Coligni and Henry the Third were saints. Nevertheless James, during some years, refused to sanction any attempt on his nephew's person. The reasons which he assigned for his @@ -16624,8 +16201,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger horror by a Christian, or a villany unworthy of a gentleman; he merely said that the difficulties were great, and that he would not push his friends on extreme danger when it would not be in his power to second them - effectually. <a href="#linknote-591" name="linknoteref-591" - id="linknoteref-591"><small>591</small></a> In truth, while Mary lived, it + effectually. <a href="#linknote-591" id="linknoteref-591"><small>591</small></a> In truth, while Mary lived, it might well be doubted whether the murder of her husband would really be a service to the Jacobite cause. By his death the government would lose indeed the strength derived from his eminent personal qualities, but would @@ -16682,8 +16258,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of clippers; that he sometimes got on horseback late in the evening and stole out in disguise, and that, when he returned from these mysterious excursions, his appearance justified the suspicion that he had been doing - business on Hounslow Heath or Finchley Common. <a href="#linknote-592" - name="linknoteref-592" id="linknoteref-592"><small>592</small></a> + business on Hounslow Heath or Finchley Common. <a href="#linknote-592" id="linknoteref-592"><small>592</small></a> </p> <p> Cardell Goodman, popularly called Scum Goodman, a knave more abandoned, if @@ -16694,7 +16269,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the poison had not been administered, Goodman could be prosecuted only for a misdemeanour. He was tried, convicted and sentenced to a ruinous fine. He had since distinguished himself as one of the first forgers of bank - notes. <a href="#linknote-593" name="linknoteref-593" id="linknoteref-593"><small>593</small></a> + notes. <a href="#linknote-593" id="linknoteref-593"><small>593</small></a> </p> <p> Sir William Parkyns, a wealthy knight bred to the law, who had been @@ -16762,7 +16337,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger several other Scotchmen of note to investigate the whole matter. But the Duke died; his colleagues were slack in the performance of their duty; and the King, who knew little and cared little about Scotland, forgot to urge - them. <a href="#linknote-594" name="linknoteref-594" id="linknoteref-594"><small>594</small></a> + them. <a href="#linknote-594" id="linknoteref-594"><small>594</small></a> </p> <p> It now appeared that the government would have done wisely as well as @@ -16806,15 +16381,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger privy councillors to examine fully into the matter about which the public mind was so strongly excited was signed by the King at Kensington, was sent down to Edinburgh, and was there sealed with the Great Seal of the - realm. This was accomplished just in time. <a href="#linknote-595" - name="linknoteref-595" id="linknoteref-595"><small>595</small></a> The + realm. This was accomplished just in time. <a href="#linknote-595" id="linknoteref-595"><small>595</small></a> The Parliament had scarcely entered on business when a member rose to move for an inquiry into the circumstances of the slaughter of Glencoe. Tweedale was able to inform the Estates that His Majesty's goodness had prevented their desires, that a Commission of Precognition had, a few hours before, passed in all the forms, and that the lords and gentlemen named in that instrument would hold their first meeting before night. <a - href="#linknote-596" name="linknoteref-596" id="linknoteref-596"><small>596</small></a> + href="#linknote-596" id="linknoteref-596"><small>596</small></a> The Parliament unanimously voted thanks to the King for this instance of his paternal care; but some of those who joined in the vote of thanks expressed a very natural apprehension that the second investigation might @@ -16822,8 +16396,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of the country, they said, was at stake; and the Commissioners were bound to proceed with such diligence that the result of the inquest might be known before the end of the session. Tweedale gave assurances which, for a - time, silenced the murmurers. <a href="#linknote-597" - name="linknoteref-597" id="linknoteref-597"><small>597</small></a> But, + time, silenced the murmurers. <a href="#linknote-597" id="linknoteref-597"><small>597</small></a> But, when three weeks had passed away, many members became mutinous and suspicious. On the fourteenth of June it was moved that the Commissioners should be ordered to report. The motion was not carried; but it was @@ -16837,7 +16410,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger before his pleasure could be taken; and the session could not last much longer. In a fourth debate there were signs which convinced the Lord High Commissioner that it was expedient to yield; and the report was produced. - <a href="#linknote-598" name="linknoteref-598" id="linknoteref-598"><small>598</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-598" id="linknoteref-598"><small>598</small></a> </p> <p> It is a paper highly creditable to those who framed it, an excellent @@ -16872,14 +16445,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger only of a single treason, and sent him to the Castle of Edinburgh. The government, on full consideration, gave credit to his assertion that he had been guilty of a double treason, and let him out again. <a - href="#linknote-599" name="linknoteref-599" id="linknoteref-599"><small>599</small></a> + href="#linknote-599" id="linknoteref-599"><small>599</small></a> </p> <p> The Report of the Commission was taken into immediate consideration by the Estates. They resolved, without one dissentient voice, that the order signed by William did not authorise the slaughter of Glencoe. They next resolved, but, it should seem, not unanimously, that the slaughter was a - murder. <a href="#linknote-600" name="linknoteref-600" id="linknoteref-600"><small>600</small></a> + murder. <a href="#linknote-600" id="linknoteref-600"><small>600</small></a> They proceeded to pass several votes, the sense of which was finally summed up in an address to the King. How that part of the address which related to the Master of Stair should be framed was a question about which @@ -17076,8 +16649,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the master was proof against all the disasters which were brought on his kingdom by the rashness and weakness of the servant; and the gratitude of the servant was honourably, though not judiciously, manifested on more - than one occasion after the death of the master. <a href="#linknote-601" - name="linknoteref-601" id="linknoteref-601"><small>601</small></a> + than one occasion after the death of the master. <a href="#linknote-601" id="linknoteref-601"><small>601</small></a> </p> <p> Such was the general to whom the direction of the campaign in the @@ -17151,8 +16723,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and hatred, was no more, and had been succeeded, in what may be called the subordinate Secretaryship of State, by Sir William Trumball, a learned civilian and an experienced diplomatist, of moderate opinions, and of - temper cautious to timidity. <a href="#linknote-602" name="linknoteref-602" - id="linknoteref-602"><small>602</small></a> The malecontents were + temper cautious to timidity. <a href="#linknote-602" id="linknoteref-602"><small>602</small></a> The malecontents were emboldened by the lenity of the administration. William had scarcely sailed for the Continent when they held a great meeting at one of their favourite haunts, the Old King's Head in Leadenhall Street. Charnock, @@ -17185,8 +16756,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger revellers. They were put to rout; the tavern where they had feasted was sacked by the mob; the ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined and imprisoned, but regained their liberty in time to bear a part in a far - more criminal design. <a href="#linknote-603" name="linknoteref-603" - id="linknoteref-603"><small>603</small></a> + more criminal design. <a href="#linknote-603" id="linknoteref-603"><small>603</small></a> </p> <p> By this time all was ready for the execution of the plan which William had @@ -17229,8 +16799,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger under the walls of Ghent. William extolled the generalship of his lieutenant in the warmest terms. "My cousin," he wrote, "you have shown yourself a greater master of your art than if you had won a pitched - battle." <a href="#linknote-604" name="linknoteref-604" - id="linknoteref-604"><small>604</small></a> In the French camp, however, + battle." <a href="#linknote-604" id="linknoteref-604"><small>604</small></a> In the French camp, however, and at the French Court it was universally held that Vaudemont had been saved less by his own skill than by the misconduct of those to whom he was opposed. Some threw the whole blame on Villeroy; and Villeroy made no @@ -17251,8 +16820,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger grace and dignity for which he was renowned throughout the world that, in the sight of all the splendid crowd of gentlemen and ladies who came to see him dine at Marli, he broke a cane on the shoulders of a lacquey, and - pursued the poor man with the handle. <a href="#linknote-605" - name="linknoteref-605" id="linknoteref-605"><small>605</small></a> + pursued the poor man with the handle. <a href="#linknote-605" id="linknoteref-605"><small>605</small></a> </p> <p> The siege of Namur meanwhile was vigorously pressed by the allies. The @@ -17278,7 +16846,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger man who appeared to consider such an expedition as a party of pleasure. He was so much at his ease in the hottest fire of the French batteries that his soldiers gave him the honourable nickname of the Salamander. <a - href="#linknote-606" name="linknoteref-606" id="linknoteref-606"><small>606</small></a> + href="#linknote-606" id="linknoteref-606"><small>606</small></a> </p> <p> On the seventeenth the first counterscarp of the town was attacked. The @@ -17300,7 +16868,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger ramparts laid Godfrey dead at the King's feet. It was not found however that the fear of being Godfreyed,—such was during some time the cant phrase,—sufficed to prevent idle gazers from coming to the trenches. - <a href="#linknote-607" name="linknoteref-607" id="linknoteref-607"><small>607</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-607" id="linknoteref-607"><small>607</small></a> Though William forbade his coachmen, footmen and cooks to expose themselves, he repeatedly saw them skulking near the most dangerous spots and trying to get a peep at the fighting. He was sometimes, it is said, @@ -17325,7 +16893,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger fifteen hundred in number, should be well treated. On the sixth the allies marched in. The contest for the possession of the town was over; and a second and more terrible contest began for the possession of the citadel. - <a href="#linknote-608" name="linknoteref-608" id="linknoteref-608"><small>608</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-608" id="linknoteref-608"><small>608</small></a> </p> <p> Villeroy had in the meantime made some petty conquests. Dixmuyde, which @@ -17356,7 +16924,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger exultingly betted the Elector of Bavaria four hundred pistoles that the place would fall by the thirty-first of August, New Style. The great engineer lost his wager indeed, but lost it only by a few hours. <a - href="#linknote-609" name="linknoteref-609" id="linknoteref-609"><small>609</small></a> + href="#linknote-609" id="linknoteref-609"><small>609</small></a> </p> <p> Boufflers now began to feel that his only hope was in Villeroy. Villeroy @@ -17381,8 +16949,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger delay. In the capitals both of France and England the anxiety was intense. Lewis shut himself up in his oratory, confessed, received the Eucharist, and gave orders that the host should be exposed in his chapel. His wife - ordered all her nuns to their knees. <a href="#linknote-610" - name="linknoteref-610" id="linknoteref-610"><small>610</small></a> London + ordered all her nuns to their knees. <a href="#linknote-610" id="linknoteref-610"><small>610</small></a> London was kept in a state of distraction by a succession of rumours fabricated some by Jacobites and some by stockjobbers. Early one morning it was confidently averred that there had been a battle, that the allies had been @@ -17409,7 +16976,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had been defeated; but they would not give the odds, and could hardly be induced to take any moderate odds. The Whigs, on the other hand, were ready to stake thousands of guineas on the conduct and good fortune of the - King. <a href="#linknote-611" name="linknoteref-611" id="linknoteref-611"><small>611</small></a> + King. <a href="#linknote-611" id="linknoteref-611"><small>611</small></a> </p> <p> The event justified the confidence of the Whigs and the backwardness of @@ -17429,8 +16996,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger able to raise the siege. It would therefore be an useless waste of life to prolong the contest. Boufflers however thought that another day of slaughter was necessary to the honour of the French arms; and Portland - returned unsuccessful. <a href="#linknote-612" name="linknoteref-612" - id="linknoteref-612"><small>612</small></a> + returned unsuccessful. <a href="#linknote-612" id="linknoteref-612"><small>612</small></a> </p> <p> Early in the afternoon the assault was made in four places at once by four @@ -17465,7 +17031,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The Dutch had been equally successful. When the evening closed in the allies had made a lodgment of a mile in extent on the outworks of the castle. The advantage had been purchased by the loss of two thousand men. - <a href="#linknote-613" name="linknoteref-613" id="linknoteref-613"><small>613</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-613" id="linknoteref-613"><small>613</small></a> </p> <p> And now Boufflers thought that he had done all that his duty required. On @@ -17516,8 +17082,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger carried back to their country the news that the upstart who at Paris was designated only as Prince of Orange, was treated by the proudest potentates of the Germanic body with a respect as profound as that which - Lewis exacted from the gentlemen of his bedchamber. <a href="#linknote-614" - name="linknoteref-614" id="linknoteref-614"><small>614</small></a> + Lewis exacted from the gentlemen of his bedchamber. <a href="#linknote-614" id="linknoteref-614"><small>614</small></a> </p> <p> The ceremonial was now over; and Boufflers passed on but he had proceeded @@ -17562,8 +17127,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger awaited him. He was created a Duke and a Peer. That he might be able to support his new dignities a considerable sum of money was bestowed on him; and, in the presence of the whole aristocracy of France, he was welcomed - home by Lewis with an affectionate embrace. <a href="#linknote-615" - name="linknoteref-615" id="linknoteref-615"><small>615</small></a> + home by Lewis with an affectionate embrace. <a href="#linknote-615" id="linknoteref-615"><small>615</small></a> </p> <p> In all the countries which were united against France the news of the fall @@ -17732,7 +17296,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger William gained not a little by the substitution of these printed newspapers, composed under constant dread of the Attorney General, for the old newsletters, which were written with unbounded license. <a - href="#linknote-616" name="linknoteref-616" id="linknoteref-616"><small>616</small></a> + href="#linknote-616" id="linknoteref-616"><small>616</small></a> </p> <p> The pamphleteers were under less restraint than the journalists; yet no @@ -17851,8 +17415,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger years old, with a little musket on his shoulder, came to meet his uncle, and presented arms. "I am learning my drill," the child said, "that I may help you to beat the French." The King laughed much, and, a few days - later, rewarded the young soldier with the Garter. <a href="#linknote-617" - name="linknoteref-617" id="linknoteref-617"><small>617</small></a> + later, rewarded the young soldier with the Garter. <a href="#linknote-617" id="linknoteref-617"><small>617</small></a> </p> <p> On the seventeenth of October William went to Newmarket, now a place @@ -17882,8 +17445,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger For the hope of being able to feed on the leavings of many sumptuous tables, and to pick up some of the guineas and crowns which the spendthrifts of London were throwing about, attracted thousands of - peasants from a circle of many miles. <a href="#linknote-618" - name="linknoteref-618" id="linknoteref-618"><small>618</small></a> + peasants from a circle of many miles. <a href="#linknote-618" id="linknoteref-618"><small>618</small></a> </p> <p> William, after holding his court a few days at this joyous place, and @@ -17952,7 +17514,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger English to be the best saddler in Europe. Two of his masterpieces were respectfully offered to William, who received them with much grace, and ordered them to be especially reserved for his own use. <a - href="#linknote-619" name="linknoteref-619" id="linknoteref-619"><small>619</small></a> + href="#linknote-619" id="linknoteref-619"><small>619</small></a> </p> <p> At Oxford he was received with great pomp, complimented in a Latin @@ -17972,7 +17534,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger evidence, would have been scared by so silly a hoax; and it is quite certain that the stages of his progress had been marked, and that he remained at Oxford as long as was compatible with arrangements previously - made. <a href="#linknote-620" name="linknoteref-620" id="linknoteref-620"><small>620</small></a> + made. <a href="#linknote-620" id="linknoteref-620"><small>620</small></a> </p> <p> He was welcomed back to his capital by a splendid show, which had been @@ -17991,8 +17553,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger out brilliant cascades which were seen by hundreds of thousands who crowded the neighbouring streets and parks. The States General were informed by their correspondent that, great as the multitude was, the - night had passed without the slightest disturbance. <a href="#linknote-621" - name="linknoteref-621" id="linknoteref-621"><small>621</small></a> + night had passed without the slightest disturbance. <a href="#linknote-621" id="linknoteref-621"><small>621</small></a> </p> <p> By this time the elections were almost completed. In every part of the @@ -18032,15 +17593,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of privilege. But all was vain. Clarges was at the bottom of the poll without hope of rising. He withdrew; and Montague was carried on the shoulders of an immense multitude from Westminster Abbey to his office at - Whitehall. <a href="#linknote-622" name="linknoteref-622" - id="linknoteref-622"><small>622</small></a> + Whitehall. <a href="#linknote-622" id="linknoteref-622"><small>622</small></a> </p> <p> The same feeling exhibited itself in many other places. The freeholders of Cumberland instructed their representatives to support the King, and to vote whatever supplies might be necessary for the purpose of carrying on the war with vigour; and this example was followed by several counties and - towns. <a href="#linknote-623" name="linknoteref-623" id="linknoteref-623"><small>623</small></a> + towns. <a href="#linknote-623" id="linknoteref-623"><small>623</small></a> Russell did not arrive in England till after the writs had gone out. But he had only to choose for what place he would sit. His popularity was immense; for his villanies were secret, and his public services were @@ -18075,8 +17635,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger turned; his triumph would be his undoing. Just at this conjuncture the Admiral arrived. He made his appearance before the freeholders of Middlesex assembled on the top of Hampstead Hill, and was returned without - opposition. <a href="#linknote-624" name="linknoteref-624" - id="linknoteref-624"><small>624</small></a> + opposition. <a href="#linknote-624" id="linknoteref-624"><small>624</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile several noted malecontents received marks of public @@ -18105,8 +17664,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger came in very slowly. It was not till the eve of the meeting of Parliament that the return was made. Seymour was defeated, to his bitter mortification, and was forced to take refuge in the small borough of - Totness. <a href="#linknote-625" name="linknoteref-625" - id="linknoteref-625"><small>625</small></a> + Totness. <a href="#linknote-625" id="linknoteref-625"><small>625</small></a> </p> <p> It is remarkable that, at this election as at the preceding election, John @@ -18145,15 +17703,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger devotion and in revenge, in fashionable dissipation and in political turmoil. But the dark shade never passed away from his mind, till, in the twelfth year of his humiliation, his unhappy life was terminated by an - unhappy death. <a href="#linknote-626" name="linknoteref-626" - id="linknoteref-626"><small>626</small></a> + unhappy death. <a href="#linknote-626" id="linknoteref-626"><small>626</small></a> </p> <p> The result of the general election proved that William had chosen a fortunate moment for dissolving. The number of new members was about a hundred and sixty; and most of these were known to be thoroughly well - affected to the government. <a href="#linknote-627" name="linknoteref-627" - id="linknoteref-627"><small>627</small></a> + affected to the government. <a href="#linknote-627" id="linknoteref-627"><small>627</small></a> </p> <p> It was of the highest importance that the House of Commons should, at that @@ -18161,8 +17717,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger absolutely necessary to apply a remedy to an internal evil which had by slow degrees grown to a fearful magnitude. The silver coin, which was then the standard coin of the realm, was in a state at which the boldest and - most enlightened statesmen stood aghast. <a href="#linknote-628" - name="linknoteref-628" id="linknoteref-628"><small>628</small></a> + most enlightened statesmen stood aghast. <a href="#linknote-628" id="linknoteref-628"><small>628</small></a> </p> <p> Till the reign of Charles the Second our coin had been struck by a process @@ -18179,8 +17734,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger years discovered that to clip the coin was one of the easiest and most profitable kinds of fraud. In the reign of Elizabeth it had been thought necessary to enact that the clipper should be, as the coiner had long - been, liable to the penalties of high treason. <a href="#linknote-629" - name="linknoteref-629" id="linknoteref-629"><small>629</small></a> The + been, liable to the penalties of high treason. <a href="#linknote-629" id="linknoteref-629"><small>629</small></a> The practice of paring down money, however, was far too lucrative to be so checked; and, about the time of the Restoration, people began to observe that a large proportion of the crowns, halfcrowns and shillings which were @@ -18196,7 +17750,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger however, were among the best in Europe. It was not easy to counterfeit them; and, as their shape was exactly circular, and their edges were inscribed with a legend, clipping was not to be apprehended. <a - href="#linknote-630" name="linknoteref-630" id="linknoteref-630"><small>630</small></a> + href="#linknote-630" id="linknoteref-630"><small>630</small></a> The hammered coins and the milled coins were current together. They were received without distinction in public, and consequently in private, payments. The financiers of that age seem to have expected that the new @@ -18213,7 +17767,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger market in which they could fetch the same price as the superior pieces, and that the superior pieces would take some form or fly to some place in which some advantage could be derived from their superiority. <a - href="#linknote-631" name="linknoteref-631" id="linknoteref-631"><small>631</small></a> + href="#linknote-631" id="linknoteref-631"><small>631</small></a> </p> <p> The politicians of that age, however, generally overlooked these very @@ -18244,8 +17798,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Some clippers were said to have made great fortunes. One in particular offered six thousand pounds for a pardon. His bribe was indeed rejected; but the fame of his riches did much to counteract the effect which the - spectacle of his death was designed to produce. <a href="#linknote-632" - name="linknoteref-632" id="linknoteref-632"><small>632</small></a> Nay the + spectacle of his death was designed to produce. <a href="#linknote-632" id="linknoteref-632"><small>632</small></a> Nay the severity of the punishment gave encouragement to the crime. For the practice of clipping, pernicious as it was, did not excite in the common mind a detestation resembling that with which men regard murder, arson, @@ -18270,8 +17823,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sin it were, was as venial as that of a schoolboy who goes nutting in the wood of a neighbour. All the eloquence of the ordinary could seldom induce them to conform to the wholesome usage of acknowledging in their dying - speeches the enormity of their wickedness. <a href="#linknote-633" - name="linknoteref-633" id="linknoteref-633"><small>633</small></a> + speeches the enormity of their wickedness. <a href="#linknote-633" id="linknoteref-633"><small>633</small></a> </p> <p> The evil proceeded with constantly accelerating velocity. At length in the @@ -18283,7 +17835,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger thousand two hundred pounds of hammered money which had recently been paid in. The weight ought to have been above two hundred and twenty thousand ounces. It proved to be under one hundred and fourteen thousand ounces. <a - href="#linknote-634" name="linknoteref-634" id="linknoteref-634"><small>634</small></a> + href="#linknote-634" id="linknoteref-634"><small>634</small></a> Three eminent London goldsmiths were invited to send a hundred pounds each in current silver to be tried by the balance. Three hundred pounds ought to have weighed about twelve hundred ounces. The actual weight proved to @@ -18292,8 +17844,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger should have weighed about four hundred ounces, did actually weigh at Bristol two hundred and forty ounces, at Cambridge two hundred and three, at Exeter one hundred and eighty, and at Oxford only one hundred and - sixteen. <a href="#linknote-635" name="linknoteref-635" - id="linknoteref-635"><small>635</small></a> There were, indeed, some + sixteen. <a href="#linknote-635" id="linknoteref-635"><small>635</small></a> There were, indeed, some northern districts into which the clipped money had only begun to find its way. An honest Quaker, who lived in one of these districts, recorded, in some notes which are still extant, the amazement with which, when he @@ -18304,7 +17855,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his journey. When he reached London it was worth thirty shillings, and would indeed have been worth more had not the government fixed that rate as the highest at which gold should be received in the payment of taxes. - <a href="#linknote-636" name="linknoteref-636" id="linknoteref-636"><small>636</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-636" id="linknoteref-636"><small>636</small></a> </p> <p> The evils produced by this state of the currency were not such as have @@ -18338,7 +17889,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had a quarrel as regularly as the Saturday came round. On a fair day or a market day the clamours, the reproaches, the taunts, the curses, were incessant; and it was well if no booth was overturned and no head broken. - <a href="#linknote-637" name="linknoteref-637" id="linknoteref-637"><small>637</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-637" id="linknoteref-637"><small>637</small></a> No merchant would contract to deliver goods without making some stipulation about the quality of the coin in which he was to be paid. Even men of business were often bewildered by the confusion into which all @@ -18351,7 +17902,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sixpence. Where artisans of more than usual intelligence were collected together in great numbers, as in the dockyard at Chatham, they were able to make their complaints heard and to obtain some redress. <a - href="#linknote-638" name="linknoteref-638" id="linknoteref-638"><small>638</small></a> + href="#linknote-638" id="linknoteref-638"><small>638</small></a> But the ignorant and helpless peasant was cruelly ground between one class which would give money only by tale and another which would take it only by weight. Yet his sufferings hardly exceeded those of the unfortunate @@ -18472,8 +18023,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of interest ought to be regulated by the State; and he is the more blamable because, long before he was born, both Locke and North had taught that it was as absurd to make laws fixing the price of money as to make - laws fixing the price of cutlery or of broadcloth. <a href="#linknote-639" - name="linknoteref-639" id="linknoteref-639"><small>639</small></a> + laws fixing the price of cutlery or of broadcloth. <a href="#linknote-639" id="linknoteref-639"><small>639</small></a> </p> <p> Dudley North died in 1693. A short time before his death he published, @@ -18535,8 +18085,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger singularly generous and graceful courtesy with which he treats an antagonist of powers far inferior to his own. Flamsteed, the Astronomer Royal, described the controversy well by saying that the point in dispute - was whether five was six or only five. <a href="#linknote-640" - name="linknoteref-640" id="linknoteref-640"><small>640</small></a> + was whether five was six or only five. <a href="#linknote-640" id="linknoteref-640"><small>640</small></a> </p> <p> Thus far Somers and Montague entirely agreed with Locke; but as to the @@ -18614,8 +18163,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger returned to the owner with a promissory note entitling him to receive from the Treasury at a future time the difference between the actual quantity of silver in his pieces and the quantity of silver which, according to the - standard, those pieces ought to have contained. <a href="#linknote-641" - name="linknoteref-641" id="linknoteref-641"><small>641</small></a> Had + standard, those pieces ought to have contained. <a href="#linknote-641" id="linknoteref-641"><small>641</small></a> Had this plan been adopted an immediate stop would have been put to the clipping, the melting and the exporting; and the expense of the restoration of the currency would have been borne, as was right, by the @@ -18655,8 +18203,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the excellent choice which his people had made. The speech was received with a low but very significant hum of assent both from above and from below the bar, and was as favourably received by the public as by the - Parliament. <a href="#linknote-642" name="linknoteref-642" - id="linknoteref-642"><small>642</small></a> In the Commons an address of + Parliament. <a href="#linknote-642" id="linknoteref-642"><small>642</small></a> In the Commons an address of thanks was moved by Wharton, faintly opposed by Musgrave, adopted without a division, and carried up by the whole House to Kensington. At the palace the loyalty of the crowd of gentlemen showed itself in a way which would @@ -18671,8 +18218,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger were thinking of the state of the coin; all were saying that something must be done; and all acknowledged that they did not know what could be done. "I am afraid," said a member who expressed what many felt, "that the - nation can bear neither the disease nor the cure." <a href="#linknote-643" - name="linknoteref-643" id="linknoteref-643"><small>643</small></a> + nation can bear neither the disease nor the cure." <a href="#linknote-643" id="linknoteref-643"><small>643</small></a> </p> <p> There was indeed a minority by which the difficulties and dangers of that @@ -18706,8 +18252,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger efforts, and when the weakness of the French administration indicates, in a manner not to be mistaken, the ascendency of a female favourite?" Howe's suggestion was contemptuously rejected; and the Committee proceeded to - take into consideration the state of the currency. <a href="#linknote-644" - name="linknoteref-644" id="linknoteref-644"><small>644</small></a> + take into consideration the state of the currency. <a href="#linknote-644" id="linknoteref-644"><small>644</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile the newly liberated presses of the capital never rested a @@ -18722,8 +18267,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that the public should bear the expense of restoring the currency; some urged the government to take this opportunity of assimilating the money of England to the money of neighbouring nations; one projector was for - coining guilders; another for coining dollars. <a href="#linknote-645" - name="linknoteref-645" id="linknoteref-645"><small>645</small></a> + coining guilders; another for coining dollars. <a href="#linknote-645" id="linknoteref-645"><small>645</small></a> </p> <p> Within the walls of Parliament the debates continued during several @@ -18740,8 +18284,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Committee cannot be ascertained. When the resolutions were reported there was one division. It was on the question whether the old standard of weight should be maintained. The Noes were a hundred and fourteen; the - Ayes two hundred and twenty-five. <a href="#linknote-646" - name="linknoteref-646" id="linknoteref-646"><small>646</small></a> + Ayes two hundred and twenty-five. <a href="#linknote-646" id="linknoteref-646"><small>646</small></a> </p> <p> It was ordered that a bill founded on the resolutions should be brought @@ -18767,7 +18310,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sanctioned by the House without a division. Such was the origin of the window tax, a tax which, though doubtless a great evil, must be considered as a blessing when compared with the curse from which it rescued the - nation. <a href="#linknote-647" name="linknoteref-647" id="linknoteref-647"><small>647</small></a> + nation. <a href="#linknote-647" id="linknoteref-647"><small>647</small></a> </p> <p> Thus far things had gone smoothly. But now came a crisis which required @@ -18791,8 +18334,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger any alteration; and the royal assent was immediately given. The fourth of May, a date long remembered over the whole kingdom and especially in the capital, was fixed as the day on which the government would cease to - receive the clipped money in payment of taxes. <a href="#linknote-648" - name="linknoteref-648" id="linknoteref-648"><small>648</small></a> + receive the clipped money in payment of taxes. <a href="#linknote-648" id="linknoteref-648"><small>648</small></a> </p> <p> The principles of the Recoinage Act are excellent. But some of the @@ -18810,8 +18352,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was in circulation, the guinea continued, in spite of the law, to pass for thirty shillings. When the milled silver became plentiful, the guinea fell, not to twenty-two shillings, which was the highest price allowed by - the law, but to twenty-one shillings and sixpence. <a href="#linknote-649" - name="linknoteref-649" id="linknoteref-649"><small>649</small></a> + the law, but to twenty-one shillings and sixpence. <a href="#linknote-649" id="linknoteref-649"><small>649</small></a> </p> <p> Early in February the panic which had been caused by the first debates on @@ -18820,7 +18361,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger furnaces were erected, in the garden behind the Treasury; and every day huge heaps of pared and defaced crowns and shillings were turned into massy ingots which were instantly sent off to the mint in the Tower. <a - href="#linknote-650" name="linknoteref-650" id="linknoteref-650"><small>650</small></a> + href="#linknote-650" id="linknoteref-650"><small>650</small></a> </p> <p> With the fate of the law which restored the currency was closely connected @@ -18945,7 +18486,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger stop the grant; Portland begged that he might not be the cause of a dispute between his master and the Parliament; and the King, though much mortified, yielded to the general wish of the nation. <a - href="#linknote-651" name="linknoteref-651" id="linknoteref-651"><small>651</small></a> + href="#linknote-651" id="linknoteref-651"><small>651</small></a> </p> <p> This unfortunate affair, though it terminated without an open quarrel, @@ -18956,7 +18497,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger almost as unpopular as he had ever been, when an event took place which suddenly brought back to him the hearts of millions, and made him for a time as much the idol of the nation as he had been at the end of 1688. <a - href="#linknote-652" name="linknoteref-652" id="linknoteref-652"><small>652</small></a> + href="#linknote-652" id="linknoteref-652"><small>652</small></a> </p> <p> The plan of assassination which had been formed in the preceding spring @@ -18980,7 +18521,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger whispers that he would not be over the water long. It was universally remarked that the malecontents looked wiser than usual when they were sober, and bragged more loudly than usual when they were drunk. <a - href="#linknote-653" name="linknoteref-653" id="linknoteref-653"><small>653</small></a> + href="#linknote-653" id="linknoteref-653"><small>653</small></a> To the smaller plot, of which the object was the murder of William, only a few select traitors were privy. </p> @@ -19017,8 +18558,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger <p> Lest Barclay's absence from Saint Germains should cause any suspicion, it was given out that his loose way of life had made it necessary for him to - put himself under the care of a surgeon at Paris. <a href="#linknote-654" - name="linknoteref-654" id="linknoteref-654"><small>654</small></a> He set + put himself under the care of a surgeon at Paris. <a href="#linknote-654" id="linknoteref-654"><small>654</small></a> He set out with eight hundred pounds in his portmanteau, hastened to the coast, and embarked on board of a privateer which was employed by the Jacobites as a regular packet boat between France and England. This vessel conveyed @@ -19046,7 +18586,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger name, but who produced credentials of the highest authority. This youth too proceeded to London. Hunt afterwards discovered that his humble roof had had the honour of sheltering the Duke of Berwick. <a - href="#linknote-655" name="linknoteref-655" id="linknoteref-655"><small>655</small></a> + href="#linknote-655" id="linknoteref-655"><small>655</small></a> </p> <p> The part which Barclay had to perform was difficult and hazardous; and he @@ -19059,7 +18599,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger This man intimated to some of the zealots with whom he consorted a special agent of the royal family was to be spoken with in Covent Garden, on certain nights, at a certain hour, and might be known by certain signs. <a - href="#linknote-656" name="linknoteref-656" id="linknoteref-656"><small>656</small></a> + href="#linknote-656" id="linknoteref-656"><small>656</small></a> In this way Barclay became acquainted with several men fit for his purpose. The first persons to whom he fully opened himself were Charnock and Parkyns. He talked with them about the plot which they and some of @@ -19089,8 +18629,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger silence; and, now that he had broken silence, he merely told them to do what ever might be beneficial to himself and prejudicial to the usurper. They had his authority as plainly given as they could reasonably expect to - have it given in such a case. <a href="#linknote-657" - name="linknoteref-657" id="linknoteref-657"><small>657</small></a> + have it given in such a case. <a href="#linknote-657" id="linknoteref-657"><small>657</small></a> </p> <p> All that remained was to find a sufficient number of courageous and @@ -19102,8 +18641,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had given them money for their journey, had told them by what name each of them was to pass in England, had commanded them to act as they should be directed by Barclay, and had informed them where Barclay was to be found - and by what tokens he was to be known. <a href="#linknote-658" - name="linknoteref-658" id="linknoteref-658"><small>658</small></a> They + and by what tokens he was to be known. <a href="#linknote-658" id="linknoteref-658"><small>658</small></a> They were ordered to depart in small parties, and to assign different reasons for going. Some were ill; some were weary of the service; Cassels, one of the most noisy and profane among them, announced that, since he could not @@ -19116,8 +18654,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger for courage and honour; another was Major John Bernardi, an adventurer of Genoese extraction, whose name has derived a melancholy celebrity from a punishment so strangely prolonged that it at length shocked a generation - which could not remember his crime. <a href="#linknote-659" - name="linknoteref-659" id="linknoteref-659"><small>659</small></a> + which could not remember his crime. <a href="#linknote-659" id="linknoteref-659"><small>659</small></a> </p> <p> It was in these adventurers from France that Barclay placed his chief @@ -19130,8 +18667,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of Kent. The design was imparted to him; but he thought it so rash, and so likely to bring reproach and disaster on the good cause, that he would lend no assistance to his friends, though he kept their secret - religiously. <a href="#linknote-660" name="linknoteref-660" - id="linknoteref-660"><small>660</small></a> Charnock undertook to find + religiously. <a href="#linknote-660" id="linknoteref-660"><small>660</small></a> Charnock undertook to find eight brave and trusty fellows. He communicated the design to Porter, not with Barclay's entire approbation; for Barclay appears to have thought that a tavern brawler, who had recently been in prison for swaggering @@ -19163,8 +18699,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Richard Fisher and Christopher Knightley; and this recommendation was thought sufficient. Knightley drew in Edward King, a Roman Catholic gentleman of hot and restless temper; and King procured the assistance of - a French gambler and bully named De la Rue. <a href="#linknote-661" - name="linknoteref-661" id="linknoteref-661"><small>661</small></a> + a French gambler and bully named De la Rue. <a href="#linknote-661" id="linknoteref-661"><small>661</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile the heads of the conspiracy held frequent meetings at treason @@ -19216,8 +18751,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger business was to communicate with Charnock, was a ruffian named Chambers, who had served in the Irish army, had received a severe wound in the breast at the Boyne, and, on account of that wound, bore a savage personal - hatred to William. <a href="#linknote-662" name="linknoteref-662" - id="linknoteref-662"><small>662</small></a> + hatred to William. <a href="#linknote-662" id="linknoteref-662"><small>662</small></a> </p> <p> While Barclay was making all his arrangements for the assassination, @@ -19225,8 +18759,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger arms. But this was no easy task. Several consultations were held; and there was one great muster of the party under the pretence of a masquerade, for which tickets were distributed among the initiated at one - guinea each. <a href="#linknote-663" name="linknoteref-663" - id="linknoteref-663"><small>663</small></a> All ended however in talking, + guinea each. <a href="#linknote-663" id="linknoteref-663"><small>663</small></a> All ended however in talking, singing and drinking. Many men of rank and fortune indeed declared that they would draw their swords for their rightful Sovereign as soon as their rightful Sovereign was in the island with a French army; and Berwick had @@ -19269,8 +18802,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger risk in the good cause, it was not his business to discourage them. His mission was quite distinct from theirs; he was not to act with them; and he had no inclination to suffer with then. He therefore hastened down to - Romney Marsh, and crossed to Calais. <a href="#linknote-664" - name="linknoteref-664" id="linknoteref-664"><small>664</small></a> + Romney Marsh, and crossed to Calais. <a href="#linknote-664" id="linknoteref-664"><small>664</small></a> </p> <p> At Calais he found preparations making for a descent on Kent. Troops @@ -19305,8 +18837,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger James waited with still more impatience for the signal that his nephew was no more. That signal was to be given by a fire, of which the fuel was already prepared on the cliffs of Kent, and which would be visible across - the straits. <a href="#linknote-665" name="linknoteref-665" - id="linknoteref-665"><small>665</small></a> + the straits. <a href="#linknote-665" id="linknoteref-665"><small>665</small></a> </p> <p> But a peculiar fate has, in our country, always attended such conspiracies @@ -19391,7 +18922,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger in vain. He was at last forced to threaten that he would immediately make the whole matter public, unless His Majesty would consent to remain within doors during the next day; and this threat was successful. <a - href="#linknote-666" name="linknoteref-666" id="linknoteref-666"><small>666</small></a> + href="#linknote-666" id="linknoteref-666"><small>666</small></a> </p> <p> Saturday the fifteenth came. The Forty were all ready to mount, when they @@ -19471,8 +19002,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger orange and squeezed it. "What cannot be done one day may be done another. Come, gentlemen, before we part let us have one glass to the squeezing of the rotten orange." The squeezing of the rotten orange was drunk; and the - company dispersed. <a href="#linknote-667" name="linknoteref-667" - id="linknoteref-667"><small>667</small></a> + company dispersed. <a href="#linknote-667" id="linknoteref-667"><small>667</small></a> </p> <p> A few hours elapsed before all the conspirators abandoned all hope. Some @@ -19504,7 +19034,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger again. Some of the prisoners were examined and committed. The Lord Mayor was in attendance, was informed of what had been discovered, and was specially charged to look well to the peace of the capital. <a - href="#linknote-668" name="linknoteref-668" id="linknoteref-668"><small>668</small></a> + href="#linknote-668" id="linknoteref-668"><small>668</small></a> </p> <p> On Monday morning all the trainbands of the City were under arms. The King @@ -19516,7 +19046,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger hoped, suffice for the protection of the realm. Some traitors were in custody; warrants were out against others; he should do his part in this emergency; and he relied on the Houses to do theirs. <a - href="#linknote-669" name="linknoteref-669" id="linknoteref-669"><small>669</small></a> + href="#linknote-669" id="linknoteref-669"><small>669</small></a> </p> <p> The Houses instantly voted a joint address in which they thankfully @@ -19534,8 +19064,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger should enter into an association for the defence of their Sovereign and their country. Montague, who of all men was the quickest at taking and improving a hint, saw how much such an association would strengthen the - government and the Whig party. <a href="#linknote-670" - name="linknoteref-670" id="linknoteref-670"><small>670</small></a> An + government and the Whig party. <a href="#linknote-670" id="linknoteref-670"><small>670</small></a> An instrument was immediately drawn tip, by which the representatives of the people, each for himself, solemnly recognised William as rightful and lawful King, and bound themselves to stand by him and by each other @@ -19543,12 +19072,10 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Majesty's life should be shortened by violence, they would avenge him signally on his murderers, and would, with one heart, strenuously support the order of succession settled by the Bill of Rights. It was ordered that - the House should be called over the next morning. <a href="#linknote-671" - name="linknoteref-671" id="linknoteref-671"><small>671</small></a> The + the House should be called over the next morning. <a href="#linknote-671" id="linknoteref-671"><small>671</small></a> The attendance was consequently great; the Association, engrossed on parchment, was on the table; and the members went up, county by county, to - sign their names. <a href="#linknote-672" name="linknoteref-672" - id="linknoteref-672"><small>672</small></a> + sign their names. <a href="#linknote-672" id="linknoteref-672"><small>672</small></a> </p> <p> The King's speech, the joint address of both Houses, the Association @@ -19581,13 +19108,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger good Protestant felt for Popish cutthroats was not a little strengthened by the songs in which the street poets celebrated the lucky hackney coachman who had caught his traitor, had received his thousand pounds, and - had set up as a gentleman. <a href="#linknote-673" name="linknoteref-673" - id="linknoteref-673"><small>673</small></a> The zeal of the populace could + had set up as a gentleman. <a href="#linknote-673" id="linknoteref-673"><small>673</small></a> The zeal of the populace could in some places hardly be kept within the limits of the law. At the country seat of Parkyns in Warwickshire, arms and accoutrements sufficient to equip a troop of cavalry were found. As soon as this was known, a furious mob assembled, pulled down the house and laid the gardens utterly waste. - <a href="#linknote-674" name="linknoteref-674" id="linknoteref-674"><small>674</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-674" id="linknoteref-674"><small>674</small></a> Parkyns himself was tracked to a garret in the Temple. Porter and Keyes, who had fled into Surrey, were pursued by the hue and cry, stopped by the country people near Leatherhead, and, after some show of resistance, @@ -19602,7 +19128,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger detained for a time on suspicion. Old Roger Lestrange, now in his eightieth year, was taken up. Ferguson was found hidden under a bed in Gray's Inn Lane, and was, to the general joy, locked up in Newgate. <a - href="#linknote-675" name="linknoteref-675" id="linknoteref-675"><small>675</small></a> + href="#linknote-675" id="linknoteref-675"><small>675</small></a> Meanwhile a special commission was issued for the trial of the traitors. There was no want of evidence. For, of the conspirators who had been seized, ten or twelve were ready to save themselves by bearing witness @@ -19668,7 +19194,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger announcement of the verdict was received with loud huzzas by the crowd which surrounded the Courthouse. Those huzzas were renewed when the three unhappy men, having heard their doom, were brought forth under a guard. <a - href="#linknote-676" name="linknoteref-676" id="linknoteref-676"><small>676</small></a> + href="#linknote-676" id="linknoteref-676"><small>676</small></a> </p> <p> Charnock had hitherto shown no sign of flinching; but when he was again in @@ -19691,13 +19217,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger would not even put them to the blush. Not only should they not be punished; they should not undergo the humiliation of being pardoned. He would not know that they had offended. Charnock was left to his fate. <a - href="#linknote-677" name="linknoteref-677" id="linknoteref-677"><small>677</small></a> + href="#linknote-677" id="linknoteref-677"><small>677</small></a> When he found that he had no chance of being received as a deserter, he assumed the dignity of a martyr, and played his part resolutely to the close. That he might bid farewell to the world with a better grace, he ordered a fine new coat to be hanged in, and was very particular on his last day about the powdering and curling of his wig. <a - href="#linknote-678" name="linknoteref-678" id="linknoteref-678"><small>678</small></a> + href="#linknote-678" id="linknoteref-678"><small>678</small></a> Just before he was turned off, he delivered to the Sheriffs a paper in which he avowed that he had conspired against the life of the Prince of Orange, but solemnly denied that James had given any commission @@ -19738,8 +19264,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger changed. The prohibition might therefore reasonably be considered as withdrawn. His Majesty's faithful subjects had then only to look to the words of his commission; and those words, beyond all doubt, fully - warranted an attack on the person of the usurper. <a href="#linknote-679" - name="linknoteref-679" id="linknoteref-679"><small>679</small></a> + warranted an attack on the person of the usurper. <a href="#linknote-679" id="linknoteref-679"><small>679</small></a> </p> <p> King and Keyes suffered with Charnock. King behaved with firmness and @@ -19802,7 +19327,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger little. He was found guilty, and received sentence of death on the evening of the twenty-fourth of March, within six hours of the time when the law of which he had vainly demanded the benefit was to come into force. <a - href="#linknote-680" name="linknoteref-680" id="linknoteref-680"><small>680</small></a> + href="#linknote-680" id="linknoteref-680"><small>680</small></a> </p> <p> The execution of the two knights was eagerly expected by the population of @@ -19819,7 +19344,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was at the height when it was announced that the show was deferred. The mob broke up in bad humour, and not without many fights between those who had given money for their places and those who refused to return it. <a - href="#linknote-681" name="linknoteref-681" id="linknoteref-681"><small>681</small></a> + href="#linknote-681" id="linknoteref-681"><small>681</small></a> </p> <p> The cause of this severe disappointment was a resolution suddenly passed @@ -19855,7 +19380,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger but, with a resolution which is the more respectable because it seems to have sprung, not from constitutional hardihood, but from sentiments of honour and religion, refused to say any thing which could compromise - others. <a href="#linknote-682" name="linknoteref-682" id="linknoteref-682"><small>682</small></a> + others. <a href="#linknote-682" id="linknoteref-682"><small>682</small></a> </p> <p> In a few hours the crowd again assembled at Tyburn; and this time the @@ -19917,8 +19442,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger bail. But he was determined to do no act which could be construed into a recognition of the usurping government. He was therefore outlawed; and when he died, more than thirty years later, his outlawry had not been - reversed. <a href="#linknote-683" name="linknoteref-683" - id="linknoteref-683"><small>683</small></a> + reversed. <a href="#linknote-683" id="linknoteref-683"><small>683</small></a> </p> <p> Parkyns was the last Englishman who was tried for high treason under the @@ -19932,15 +19456,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger deserved, to be excepted from the Act of Indemnity, and left to the utmost rigour of those laws which he had so shamelessly perverted. But he had been saved by the clemency of William, and had requited that clemency by - pertinacious and malignant opposition. <a href="#linknote-684" - name="linknoteref-684" id="linknoteref-684"><small>684</small></a> It was + pertinacious and malignant opposition. <a href="#linknote-684" id="linknoteref-684"><small>684</small></a> It was doubtless on account of Shower's known leaning towards Jacobitism that he was employed on this occasion. He raised some technical objections which the Court overruled. On the merits of the case he could make no defence. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. Cranburne and Lowick were then tried and convicted. They suffered with Rookwood; and there the executions - stopped. <a href="#linknote-685" name="linknoteref-685" - id="linknoteref-685"><small>685</small></a> + stopped. <a href="#linknote-685" id="linknoteref-685"><small>685</small></a> </p> <p> The temper of the nation was such that the government might have shed much @@ -19997,8 +19519,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to be beyond the reach of his faculties, and leave to be discussed by High Churchmen. Eighty-three peers immediately affixed their names to the amended form of association; and Rochester was among them. Nottingham, not - yet quite satisfied, asked time for consideration. <a href="#linknote-686" - name="linknoteref-686" id="linknoteref-686"><small>686</small></a> + yet quite satisfied, asked time for consideration. <a href="#linknote-686" id="linknoteref-686"><small>686</small></a> </p> <p> Beyond the walls of Parliament there was none of this verbal quibbling. @@ -20056,8 +19577,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Association was signed by the rude fishermen of the Scilly Rocks, by the English merchants of Malaga, by the English merchants of Genoa, by the citizens of New York, by the tobacco planters of Virginia and by the sugar - planters of Barbadoes. <a href="#linknote-687" name="linknoteref-687" - id="linknoteref-687"><small>687</small></a> + planters of Barbadoes. <a href="#linknote-687" id="linknoteref-687"><small>687</small></a> </p> <p> Emboldened by success, the Whig leaders ventured to proceed a step @@ -20085,8 +19605,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger little accustomed, save himself from the humiliation of being called to the bar and reprimanded on his knees. The bill went up to the Lords, and passed with great speed in spite of the opposition of Rochester and - Nottingham. <a href="#linknote-688" name="linknoteref-688" - id="linknoteref-688"><small>688</small></a> + Nottingham. <a href="#linknote-688" id="linknoteref-688"><small>688</small></a> </p> <p> The nature and extent of the change which the discovery of the @@ -20109,7 +19628,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger he had been chosen to represent a place which he had never seen. Such things were intolerable. No man, it was said, ought to sit in the English legislature who was not master of some hundreds of acres of English - ground. <a href="#linknote-689" name="linknoteref-689" id="linknoteref-689"><small>689</small></a> + ground. <a href="#linknote-689" id="linknoteref-689"><small>689</small></a> A bill was accordingly brought in which provided that every member of the House of Commons must have a certain estate in land. For a knight of a shire the qualification was fixed at five hundred a year; for a burgess at @@ -20185,7 +19704,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger House ordered the question and the numbers on both sides to be published, in order that the world might know how completely the attempt to produce a quarrel between the King and the Parliament had failed. <a - href="#linknote-690" name="linknoteref-690" id="linknoteref-690"><small>690</small></a> + href="#linknote-690" id="linknoteref-690"><small>690</small></a> </p> <p> The country gentlemen might perhaps have been more inclined to resent the @@ -20250,8 +19769,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger therefore thought that capitalists would eschew all connection with what must necessarily be a losing concern, and that the subscription would never be half filled up; and it seems strange that any sane person should - have thought otherwise. <a href="#linknote-691" name="linknoteref-691" - id="linknoteref-691"><small>691</small></a> + have thought otherwise. <a href="#linknote-691" id="linknoteref-691"><small>691</small></a> </p> <p> It was vain however to reason against the general infatuation. The Tories @@ -20261,16 +19779,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was immediately afterwards prorogued. </p> <p> - <a name="link2HCH0006" id="link2HCH0006"> + <a id="link2HCH0006"> <!-- H2 anchor --> </a> </p> <div style="height: 4em;"> - <br /><br /><br /><br /> + <br ><br ><br ><br > </div> <h2> CHAPTER XXII </h2> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> Military Operations in the Netherlands—Commercial Crisis in England—Financial Crisis—Efforts to restore the Currency—Distress of the People; their Temper and Conduct—Negotiations with France; the @@ -20305,7 +19823,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger </pre> <p> ON the seventh of May 1696, William landed in Holland. <a - href="#linknote-692" name="linknoteref-692" id="linknoteref-692"><small>692</small></a> + href="#linknote-692" id="linknoteref-692"><small>692</small></a> Thence he proceeded to Flanders, and took the command of the allied forces, which were collected in the neighbourhood of Ghent. Villeroy and Boufflers were already in the field. All Europe waited impatiently for @@ -20319,8 +19837,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger for horses was immense. The number of rations for men was commonly estimated at from three to four millions. But early in the spring Athlone and Cohorn had, by a bold and dexterous move, surprised Givet, and had - utterly destroyed both storehouses and stores. <a href="#linknote-693" - name="linknoteref-693" id="linknoteref-693"><small>693</small></a> France, + utterly destroyed both storehouses and stores. <a href="#linknote-693" id="linknoteref-693"><small>693</small></a> France, already fainting from exhaustion, was in no condition to repair such a loss. Sieges such as those of Mons and Namur were operations too costly for her means. The business of her army now was, not to conquer, but to @@ -20336,20 +19853,17 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger <p> Saturday, the second of May, had been fixed by Parliament as the last day on which the clipped crowns, halfcrowns and shillings were to be received - by tale in payment of taxes. <a href="#linknote-694" name="linknoteref-694" - id="linknoteref-694"><small>694</small></a> The Exchequer was besieged + by tale in payment of taxes. <a href="#linknote-694" id="linknoteref-694"><small>694</small></a> The Exchequer was besieged from dawn till midnight by an immense multitude. It was necessary to call in the guards for the purpose of keeping order. On the following Monday began a cruel agony of a few months, which was destined to be succeeded by - many years of almost unbroken prosperity. <a href="#linknote-695" - name="linknoteref-695" id="linknoteref-695"><small>695</small></a> + many years of almost unbroken prosperity. <a href="#linknote-695" id="linknoteref-695"><small>695</small></a> </p> <p> Most of the old silver had vanished. The new silver had scarcely made its appearance. About four millions sterling, in ingots and hammered coin, were lying in the vaults of the Exchequer; and the milled money as yet - came forth very slowly from the Mint. <a href="#linknote-696" - name="linknoteref-696" id="linknoteref-696"><small>696</small></a> + came forth very slowly from the Mint. <a href="#linknote-696" id="linknoteref-696"><small>696</small></a> Alarmists predicted that the wealthiest and most enlightened kingdom in Europe would be reduced to the state of those barbarous societies in which a mat is bought with a hatchet, and a pair of mocassins with a piece of @@ -20360,17 +19874,16 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sixpences not clipped within the innermost ring were still current. This old money and the new money together made up a scanty stock of silver, which, with the help of gold, was to carry the nation through the summer. - <a href="#linknote-697" name="linknoteref-697" id="linknoteref-697"><small>697</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-697" id="linknoteref-697"><small>697</small></a> The manufacturers generally contrived, though with extreme difficulty, to - pay their workmen in coin. <a href="#linknote-698" name="linknoteref-698" - id="linknoteref-698"><small>698</small></a> The upper classes seem to have + pay their workmen in coin. <a href="#linknote-698" id="linknoteref-698"><small>698</small></a> The upper classes seem to have lived to a great extent on credit. Even an opulent man seldom had the means of discharging the weekly bills of his baker and butcher. <a - href="#linknote-699" name="linknoteref-699" id="linknoteref-699"><small>699</small></a> + href="#linknote-699" id="linknoteref-699"><small>699</small></a> A promissory note, however, subscribed by such a man, was readily taken in the district where his means and character were well known. The notes of the wealthy moneychangers of Lombard Street circulated widely. <a - href="#linknote-700" name="linknoteref-700" id="linknoteref-700"><small>700</small></a> + href="#linknote-700" id="linknoteref-700"><small>700</small></a> The paper of the Bank of England did much service, and would have done more, but for the unhappy error into which the Parliament had recently been led by Harley and Foley. The confidence which the public had felt in @@ -20399,8 +19912,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the Inquest on the Bank of England. But, in spite of all this clamour and all this wit, the correspondents of the States General reported, that the Bank of England had not really suffered in the public esteem, and that the - conduct of the goldsmiths was generally condemned. <a href="#linknote-701" - name="linknoteref-701" id="linknoteref-701"><small>701</small></a> + conduct of the goldsmiths was generally condemned. <a href="#linknote-701" id="linknoteref-701"><small>701</small></a> </p> <p> The Directors soon found it impossible to procure silver enough to meet @@ -20409,7 +19921,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger proprietors, and thus raised a sum which enabled them to give every applicant fifteen per cent. in milled money on what was due to him. They returned him his note, after making a minute upon it that part had been - paid. <a href="#linknote-702" name="linknoteref-702" id="linknoteref-702"><small>702</small></a> + paid. <a href="#linknote-702" id="linknoteref-702"><small>702</small></a> A few notes thus marked are still preserved among the archives of the Bank, as memorials of that terrible year. The paper of the Corporation continued to circulate, but the value fluctuated violently from day to @@ -20418,8 +19930,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to send the price up or down. At one time the discount was only six per cent., at another time twenty-four per cent. A tenpound note, which had been taken in the morning as worth more than nine pounds, was often worth - less than eight pounds before night. <a href="#linknote-703" - name="linknoteref-703" id="linknoteref-703"><small>703</small></a> + less than eight pounds before night. <a href="#linknote-703" id="linknoteref-703"><small>703</small></a> </p> <p> Another, and, at that conjuncture, a more effectual substitute for a @@ -20435,8 +19946,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger little purpose. The success of the plan was such, that the ministers at one time resolved to issue twentyshilling bills, and even fifteenshilling bills, for the payment of the troops. But it does not appear that this - resolution was carried into effect. <a href="#linknote-704" - name="linknoteref-704" id="linknoteref-704"><small>704</small></a> + resolution was carried into effect. <a href="#linknote-704" id="linknoteref-704"><small>704</small></a> </p> <p> It is difficult to imagine how, without the Exchequer Bills, the @@ -20452,16 +19962,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger quarter paid up by the first of August. The King, just before his departure, had signed a warrant appointing certain commissioners, among whom Harley and Foley were the most eminent, to receive the names of the - contributors. <a href="#linknote-705" name="linknoteref-705" - id="linknoteref-705"><small>705</small></a> A great meeting of persons + contributors. <a href="#linknote-705" id="linknoteref-705"><small>705</small></a> A great meeting of persons interested in the scheme was held in the Hall of the Middle Temple. One office was opened at Exeter Change, another at Mercers' Hall. Forty agents went down into the country, and announced to the landed gentry of every shire the approach of the golden age of high rents and low interest. The Council of Regency, in order to set an example to the nation, put down the King's name for five thousand pounds; and the newspapers assured the world that - the subscription would speedily be filled. <a href="#linknote-706" - name="linknoteref-706" id="linknoteref-706"><small>706</small></a> But + the subscription would speedily be filled. <a href="#linknote-706" id="linknoteref-706"><small>706</small></a> But when three weeks had passed away, it was found that only fifteen hundred pounds had been added to the five thousand contributed by the King. Many wondered at this; yet there was little cause for wonder. The sum which the @@ -20490,8 +19998,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger negotiation was, therefore, broken off. The first of August came; and the whole amount contributed by the whole nation to the magnificent undertaking from which so much had been expected was two thousand one - hundred pounds. <a href="#linknote-707" name="linknoteref-707" - id="linknoteref-707"><small>707</small></a> + hundred pounds. <a href="#linknote-707" id="linknoteref-707"><small>707</small></a> </p> <p> Just at this conjuncture Portland arrived from the Continent. He had been @@ -20502,7 +20009,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger would either rise in mutiny or desert by thousands. He knew, he said, that it would be hazardous to call Parliament together during his absence. But, if no other resource could be devised, that hazard must be run. <a - href="#linknote-708" name="linknoteref-708" id="linknoteref-708"><small>708</small></a> + href="#linknote-708" id="linknoteref-708"><small>708</small></a> The Council of Regency, in extreme embarrassment, began to wish that the terms, hard as they were, which had been offered by the Commissioners at Mercers' Hall had been accepted. The negotiation was renewed. Shrewsbury, @@ -20517,7 +20024,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger inclination to be punctilious and quarrelsome about trifles; at length the eight hundred thousand pounds dwindled to forty thousand; and even the forty thousand could be had only on hard conditions. <a - href="#linknote-709" name="linknoteref-709" id="linknoteref-709"><small>709</small></a> + href="#linknote-709" id="linknoteref-709"><small>709</small></a> So ended the great delusion of the Land Bank. The commission expired; and the offices were closed. </p> @@ -20539,7 +20046,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger wrote to his master in language more tragic than is often found in official letters. "If this should not succeed, God knows what can be done. Any thing must be tried and ventured rather than lie down and die." <a - href="#linknote-710" name="linknoteref-710" id="linknoteref-710"><small>710</small></a> + href="#linknote-710" id="linknoteref-710"><small>710</small></a> On the fifteenth of August, a great epoch in the history of the Bank, the General Court was held. In the chair sate Sir John Houblon, the Governor, who was also Lord Mayor of London, and, what would in our time be thought @@ -20557,7 +20064,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger alliance, and that several of the ministers had, immediately after the meeting, purchased stock merely in order to give a pledge of their attachment to the body which had rendered so great a service to the State. - <a href="#linknote-711" name="linknoteref-711" id="linknoteref-711"><small>711</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-711" id="linknoteref-711"><small>711</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile strenuous exertions were making to hasten the recoinage. Since @@ -20567,18 +20074,15 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sinecure, and had been filled by a succession of fine gentlemen, who were well known at the hazard table of Whitehall, but who never condescended to come near the Tower. This office had just become vacant, and Montague had - obtained it for Newton. <a href="#linknote-712" name="linknoteref-712" - id="linknoteref-712"><small>712</small></a> The ability, the industry and + obtained it for Newton. <a href="#linknote-712" id="linknoteref-712"><small>712</small></a> The ability, the industry and the strict uprightness of the great philosopher speedily produced a complete revolution throughout the department which was under his - direction. <a href="#linknote-713" name="linknoteref-713" - id="linknoteref-713"><small>713</small></a> He devoted himself to his task + direction. <a href="#linknote-713" id="linknoteref-713"><small>713</small></a> He devoted himself to his task with an activity which left him no time to spare for those pursuits in which he had surpassed Archimedes and Galileo. Till the great work was completely done, he resisted firmly, and almost angrily, every attempt that was made by men of science, here or on the Continent, to draw him - away from his official duties. <a href="#linknote-714" - name="linknoteref-714" id="linknoteref-714"><small>714</small></a> The old + away from his official duties. <a href="#linknote-714" id="linknoteref-714"><small>714</small></a> The old officers of the Mint had thought it a great feat to coin silver to the amount of fifteen thousand pounds in a week. When Montague talked of thirty or forty thousand, these men of form and precedent pronounced the @@ -20591,8 +20095,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The machinery and the workmen were welcomed to the new stations with the ringing of bells and the firing of guns. The weekly issue increased to sixty thousand pounds, to eighty thousand, to a hundred thousand, and at - length to a hundred and twenty thousand. <a href="#linknote-715" - name="linknoteref-715" id="linknoteref-715"><small>715</small></a> Yet + length to a hundred and twenty thousand. <a href="#linknote-715" id="linknoteref-715"><small>715</small></a> Yet even this issue, though great, not only beyond precedent, but beyond hope, was scanty when compared with the demands of the nation. Nor did all the newly stamped silver pass into circulation; for during the summer and @@ -20602,12 +20105,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger no person who thought it probable that he should, at a day not far distant, be able to pay a debt of a pound with three crown pieces instead of four, was willing to part with a crown piece, till that day arrived. - Most of the milled pieces were therefore hoarded. <a href="#linknote-716" - name="linknoteref-716" id="linknoteref-716"><small>716</small></a> May, + Most of the milled pieces were therefore hoarded. <a href="#linknote-716" id="linknoteref-716"><small>716</small></a> May, June and July passed away without any perceptible increase in the quantity of good money. It was not till August that the keenest observer could discern the first faint signs of returning prosperity. <a - href="#linknote-717" name="linknoteref-717" id="linknoteref-717"><small>717</small></a> + href="#linknote-717" id="linknoteref-717"><small>717</small></a> </p> <p> The distress of the common people was severe, and was aggravated by the @@ -20619,7 +20121,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger people were, in outrageous violation of the law, threatened with the stocks, if they refused to take clipped shillings by tale. In the next parish it was dangerous to pay such shillings except by weight. <a - href="#linknote-718" name="linknoteref-718" id="linknoteref-718"><small>718</small></a> + href="#linknote-718" id="linknoteref-718"><small>718</small></a> The enemies of the government, at the same time, laboured indefatigably in their vocation. They harangued in every place of public resort, from the Chocolate House in Saint James's Street to the sanded kitchen of the @@ -20629,31 +20131,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Grascombe, of whose ferocity and scurrility the most respectable nonjurors had long been ashamed. He now did his best to persuade the rabble to tear in pieces those members of Parliament who had voted for the restoration of - the currency. <a href="#linknote-719" name="linknoteref-719" - id="linknoteref-719"><small>719</small></a> It would be too much to say + the currency. <a href="#linknote-719" id="linknoteref-719"><small>719</small></a> It would be too much to say that the malignant industry of this man and of men like him produced no effect on a population which was doubtless severely tried. There were riots in several parts of the country, but riots which were suppressed with little difficulty, and, as far as can be discovered, without the - shedding of a drop of blood. <a href="#linknote-720" name="linknoteref-720" - id="linknoteref-720"><small>720</small></a> In one place a crowd of poor + shedding of a drop of blood. <a href="#linknote-720" id="linknoteref-720"><small>720</small></a> In one place a crowd of poor ignorant creatures, excited by some knavish agitator, besieged the house of a Whig member of Parliament, and clamorously insisted on having their short money changed. The gentleman consented, and desired to know how much they had brought. After some delay they were able to produce a single - clipped halfcrown. <a href="#linknote-721" name="linknoteref-721" - id="linknoteref-721"><small>721</small></a> Such tumults as this were at a + clipped halfcrown. <a href="#linknote-721" id="linknoteref-721"><small>721</small></a> Such tumults as this were at a distance exaggerated into rebellions and massacres. At Paris it was gravely asserted in print that, in an English town which was not named, a soldier and a butcher had quarrelled about a piece of money, that the soldier had killed the butcher, that the butcher's man had snatched up a cleaver and killed the soldier, that a great fight had followed, and that - fifty dead bodies had been left on the ground. <a href="#linknote-722" - name="linknoteref-722" id="linknoteref-722"><small>722</small></a> The + fifty dead bodies had been left on the ground. <a href="#linknote-722" id="linknoteref-722"><small>722</small></a> The truth was, that the behaviour of the great body of the people was beyond all praise. The judges when, in September, they returned from their circuits, reported that the temper of the nation was excellent. <a - href="#linknote-723" name="linknoteref-723" id="linknoteref-723"><small>723</small></a> + href="#linknote-723" id="linknoteref-723"><small>723</small></a> There was a patience, a reasonableness, a good nature, a good faith, which nobody had anticipated. Every body felt that nothing but mutual help and mutual forbearance could prevent the dissolution of society. A hard @@ -20673,8 +20171,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger they have shown how good the spirit of the country is. No person, however favourable his opinion of the English may have been, could have expected that a time of such suffering would have been a time of such - tranquillity." <a href="#linknote-724" name="linknoteref-724" - id="linknoteref-724"><small>724</small></a> + tranquillity." <a href="#linknote-724" id="linknoteref-724"><small>724</small></a> </p> <p> Men who loved to trace, in the strangely complicated maze of human @@ -20748,8 +20245,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger troops and ships to defend her possessions in Italy. The Imperial ministers formed and executed resolutions gravely affecting the interests of the coalition without consulting him who had been the author and the - soul of the coalition. <a href="#linknote-725" name="linknoteref-725" - id="linknoteref-725"><small>725</small></a> Lewis had, after the failure + soul of the coalition. <a href="#linknote-725" id="linknoteref-725"><small>725</small></a> Lewis had, after the failure of the Assassination Plot, made up his mind to the disagreeable necessity of recognising William, and had authorised Callieres to make a declaration to that effect. But the defection of Savoy, the neutrality of Italy, the @@ -20766,8 +20262,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Christian Majesty had lately, at Fontainebleau, given satisfactory assurances on this subject to King James. Indeed, there is reason to believe that the project of an invasion of our island was again seriously - discussed at Versailles. <a href="#linknote-726" name="linknoteref-726" - id="linknoteref-726"><small>726</small></a> Catinat's army was now at + discussed at Versailles. <a href="#linknote-726" id="linknoteref-726"><small>726</small></a> Catinat's army was now at liberty. France, relieved from all apprehension on the side of Savoy, might spare twenty thousand men for a descent on England; and, if the misery and discontent here were such as was generally reported, the nation @@ -20844,8 +20339,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger pocketed them, and gave a signal. Instantly several messengers from the office of the Secretary of State rushed into the room, and produced a warrant. The unlucky barber was carried off to prison, tried for his - offence, convicted and pilloried. <a href="#linknote-727" - name="linknoteref-727" id="linknoteref-727"><small>727</small></a> + offence, convicted and pilloried. <a href="#linknote-727" id="linknoteref-727"><small>727</small></a> </p> <p> This mishap made Fenwick's situation more perilous than ever. At the next @@ -20874,8 +20368,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger showed English colours; but to the practised eyes of the Kentish fishermen she looked much like a French privateer. It was not difficult to guess her errand. After waiting a short time in vain for her passenger, she stood - out to sea. <a href="#linknote-728" name="linknoteref-728" - id="linknoteref-728"><small>728</small></a> + out to sea. <a href="#linknote-728" id="linknoteref-728"><small>728</small></a> </p> <p> Fenwick, unluckily for himself, was able so far to elude the vigilance of @@ -20909,7 +20402,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger advice was taken. The King was informed of what had passed; and he soon sent an answer directing Devonshire to receive the prisoner's confession in writing, and to send it over to the Netherlands with all speed. <a - href="#linknote-729" name="linknoteref-729" id="linknoteref-729"><small>729</small></a> + href="#linknote-729" id="linknoteref-729"><small>729</small></a> </p> <p> Fenwick had now to consider what he should confess. Had he, according to @@ -21074,8 +20567,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger impression on me. Observe this honest man's sincerity. He has nothing to say except against my friends. Not a word about the plans of his brother Jacobites." The King concluded by directing the Lords justices to send - Fenwick before a jury with all speed. <a href="#linknote-730" - name="linknoteref-730" id="linknoteref-730"><small>730</small></a> + Fenwick before a jury with all speed. <a href="#linknote-730" id="linknoteref-730"><small>730</small></a> </p> <p> The effect produced by William's letter was remarkable. Every one of the @@ -21096,15 +20588,14 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger interests here; he in return offered to do me good offices there; but I told him that I had offended too deeply to be forgiven, and that I would not stoop to ask forgiveness." This, Shrewsbury averred, was the whole - extent of his offence. <a href="#linknote-731" name="linknoteref-731" - id="linknoteref-731"><small>731</small></a> It is but too fully proved + extent of his offence. <a href="#linknote-731" id="linknoteref-731"><small>731</small></a> It is but too fully proved that this confession was by no means ingenuous; nor is it likely that William was deceived. But he was determined to spare the repentant traitor the humiliation of owning a fault and accepting a pardon. "I can see," the King wrote, "no crime at all in what you have acknowledged. Be assured that these calumnies have made no unfavourable impression on me. Nay, you shall find that they have strengthened my confidence in you." <a - href="#linknote-732" name="linknoteref-732" id="linknoteref-732"><small>732</small></a> + href="#linknote-732" id="linknoteref-732"><small>732</small></a> A man hardened in depravity would have been perfectly contented with an acquittal so complete, announced in language so gracious. But Shrewsbury was quite unnerved by a tenderness which he was conscious that he had not @@ -21130,8 +20621,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of Shrewsbury was, and when he was expected in town. The next day came a letter from the Duke, averring that he had just had a bad fall in hunting. His side had been bruised; his lungs had suffered; he had spit blood, and - could not venture to travel. <a href="#linknote-733" name="linknoteref-733" - id="linknoteref-733"><small>733</small></a> That he had fallen and hurt + could not venture to travel. <a href="#linknote-733" id="linknoteref-733"><small>733</small></a> That he had fallen and hurt himself was true; but even those who felt most kindly towards him suspected, and not without strong reason, that he made the most of his convenient misfortune, and, that if he had not shrunk from appearing in @@ -21141,14 +20631,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger capital. Somers, especially, implored him in the most earnest manner to come up to London. Every hour's delay was mischievous. His Grace must conquer his sensibility. He had only to face calumny courageously, and it - would vanish. <a href="#linknote-734" name="linknoteref-734" - id="linknoteref-734"><small>734</small></a> The King, in a few kind lines, + would vanish. <a href="#linknote-734" id="linknoteref-734"><small>734</small></a> The King, in a few kind lines, expressed his sorrow for the accident. "You are much wanted here," he wrote: "I am impatient to embrace you, and to assure you that my esteem - for you is undiminished." <a href="#linknote-735" name="linknoteref-735" - id="linknoteref-735"><small>735</small></a> Shrewsbury answered that he - had resolved to resign the seals. <a href="#linknote-736" - name="linknoteref-736" id="linknoteref-736"><small>736</small></a> Somers + for you is undiminished." <a href="#linknote-735" id="linknoteref-735"><small>735</small></a> Shrewsbury answered that he + had resolved to resign the seals. <a href="#linknote-736" id="linknoteref-736"><small>736</small></a> Somers adjured him not to commit so fatal an error. If at that moment His Grace should quit office, what could the world think, except that he was condemned by his own conscience? He would, in fact, plead guilty; he would @@ -21156,21 +20643,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger same accusation. It would no longer be possible to treat Fenwick's story as a romance. "Forgive me," Somers wrote, "for speaking after this free manner; for I do own I can scarce be temperate in this matter." <a - href="#linknote-737" name="linknoteref-737" id="linknoteref-737"><small>737</small></a> + href="#linknote-737" id="linknoteref-737"><small>737</small></a> A few hours later William himself wrote to the same effect. "I have so much regard for you, that, if I could, I would positively interdict you from doing what must bring such grave suspicions on you. At any time, I should consider your resignation as a misfortune to myself but I protest to you that, at this time, it is on your account more than on mine that I - wish you to remain in my service." <a href="#linknote-738" - name="linknoteref-738" id="linknoteref-738"><small>738</small></a> + wish you to remain in my service." <a href="#linknote-738" id="linknoteref-738"><small>738</small></a> Sunderland, Portland, Russell and Wharton joined their entreaties to their master's; and Shrewsbury consented to remain Secretary in name. But nothing could induce him to face the Parliament which was about to meet. A litter was sent down to him from London, but to no purpose. He set out, but declared that he found it impossible to proceed, and took refuge again - in his lonely mansion among the hills. <a href="#linknote-739" - name="linknoteref-739" id="linknoteref-739"><small>739</small></a> + in his lonely mansion among the hills. <a href="#linknote-739" id="linknoteref-739"><small>739</small></a> </p> <p> While these things were passing, the members of both Houses were from @@ -21183,12 +20668,10 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Those politicians who were bent on raising the denomination of the coin had found too ready audience from a population suffering under severe pressure; and, at one time, the general voice of the nation had seemed to - be on their side. <a href="#linknote-740" name="linknoteref-740" - id="linknoteref-740"><small>740</small></a> Of course every person who + be on their side. <a href="#linknote-740" id="linknoteref-740"><small>740</small></a> Of course every person who thought it likely that the standard would be lowered, hoarded as much money as he could hoard; and thus the cry for little shillings aggravated - the pressure from which it had sprung. <a href="#linknote-741" - name="linknoteref-741" id="linknoteref-741"><small>741</small></a> Both + the pressure from which it had sprung. <a href="#linknote-741" id="linknoteref-741"><small>741</small></a> Both the allies and the enemies of England imagined that her resources were spent, that her spirit was broken, that the Commons, so often querulous and parsimonious even in tranquil and prosperous times, would now @@ -21238,8 +20721,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of framing an answer to the royal speech was entrusted to a Committee exclusively composed of Whigs. Montague was chairman; and the eloquent and animated address which he drew up may still be read in the journals with - interest and pride. <a href="#linknote-742" name="linknoteref-742" - id="linknoteref-742"><small>742</small></a> + interest and pride. <a href="#linknote-742" id="linknoteref-742"><small>742</small></a> </p> <p> Within a fortnight two millions and a half were granted for the military @@ -21274,8 +20756,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger such distress, they said, no such discontent, no such rioting as he had described. In that county, as in every other county, the great body of the population was fully determined to support the King in waging a vigorous - war till he could make an honourable peace. <a href="#linknote-743" - name="linknoteref-743" id="linknoteref-743"><small>743</small></a> + war till he could make an honourable peace. <a href="#linknote-743" id="linknoteref-743"><small>743</small></a> </p> <p> In fact the tide had already turned. From the moment at which the Commons @@ -21294,14 +20775,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger according to an usage handed to us from a rude age, were given as receipts for sums paid into the Exchequer, had risen. The exchanges, which had during many months been greatly against England, had begun to turn. <a - href="#linknote-744" name="linknoteref-744" id="linknoteref-744"><small>744</small></a> + href="#linknote-744" id="linknoteref-744"><small>744</small></a> Soon the effect of the magnanimous firmness of the House of Commons was felt at every Court in Europe. So high indeed was the spirit of that assembly that the King had some difficulty in preventing the Whigs from moving and carrying a resolution that an address should be presented to him, requesting him to enter into no negotiation with France, till she - should have acknowledged him as King of England. <a href="#linknote-745" - name="linknoteref-745" id="linknoteref-745"><small>745</small></a> Such an + should have acknowledged him as King of England. <a href="#linknote-745" id="linknoteref-745"><small>745</small></a> Such an address was unnecessary. The votes of the Parliament had already forced on Lewis the conviction that there was no chance of a counterrevolution. There was as little chance that he would be able to effect that compromise @@ -21324,14 +20804,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger very intelligible allusion to the compromise proposed by France, that the recognition would be without restriction, condition or reserve. Callieres then declared that he confirmed, in the name of his master, what Dykvelt - had said. <a href="#linknote-746" name="linknoteref-746" - id="linknoteref-746"><small>746</small></a> A letter from Prior, + had said. <a href="#linknote-746" id="linknoteref-746"><small>746</small></a> A letter from Prior, containing the good news, was delivered to James Vernon, the Under Secretary of State, in the House of Commons. The tidings ran along the benches—such is Vernon's expression—like fire in a field of stubble. A load was taken away from every heart; and all was joy and - triumph. <a href="#linknote-747" name="linknoteref-747" - id="linknoteref-747"><small>747</small></a> The Whig members might indeed + triumph. <a href="#linknote-747" id="linknoteref-747"><small>747</small></a> The Whig members might indeed well congratulate each other. For it was to the wisdom and resolution which they had shown, in a moment of extreme danger and distress, that their country was indebted for the near prospect of an honourable peace. @@ -21419,8 +20897,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger distinction between two parts of that paper, and to treat all that related to Shrewsbury and Russell as false, and all that related to Godolphin as true. This was acknowledged even by Wharton, who of all public men was the - least troubled by scruples or by shame. <a href="#linknote-748" - name="linknoteref-748" id="linknoteref-748"><small>748</small></a> If + least troubled by scruples or by shame. <a href="#linknote-748" id="linknoteref-748"><small>748</small></a> If Godolphin had stedfastly refused to quit his place, the Whig leaders would have been in a most embarrassing position. But a politician of no common dexterity undertook to extricate them from their difficulties. In the art @@ -21430,7 +20907,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was induced to go into the royal closet, and to request permission to retire from office; and William granted that permission with a readiness by which Godolphin was much more surprised than pleased. <a - href="#linknote-749" name="linknoteref-749" id="linknoteref-749"><small>749</small></a> + href="#linknote-749" id="linknoteref-749"><small>749</small></a> </p> <p> One of the methods employed by the Whig junto, for the purpose of @@ -21439,7 +20916,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger members of the House of Commons. Some of those meetings were numerous; others were select. The larger were held at the Rose, a tavern frequently mentioned in the political pasquinades of that time; <a - href="#linknote-750" name="linknoteref-750" id="linknoteref-750"><small>750</small></a> + href="#linknote-750" id="linknoteref-750"><small>750</small></a> the smaller at Russell's in Covent Garden, or at Somers's in Lincoln's Inn Fields. </p> @@ -21462,7 +20939,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger told except mere hearsay, there could be no difficulty in carrying a resolution branding him as a slanderer, and an address to the throne requesting that he might be forthwith brought to trial for high treason. - <a href="#linknote-751" name="linknoteref-751" id="linknoteref-751"><small>751</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-751" id="linknoteref-751"><small>751</small></a> </p> <p> The opinion of the meeting was conveyed to William by his ministers; and @@ -21485,8 +20962,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger narrative of what you have yourself done and seen; and such a narrative you can give, if you will, without pen and ink." Then Fenwick positively refused to say any thing. "Be it so," said William. "I will neither hear - you nor hear from you any more." <a href="#linknote-752" - name="linknoteref-752" id="linknoteref-752"><small>752</small></a> Fenwick + you nor hear from you any more." <a href="#linknote-752" id="linknoteref-752"><small>752</small></a> Fenwick was carried back to his prison. He had at this audience shown a boldness and determination which surprised those who had observed his demeanour. He had, ever since he had been in confinement, appeared to be anxious and @@ -21496,8 +20972,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger before he had been summoned to Kensington, he had received from his wife intelligence that his life was in no danger, that there was only one witness against him, that she and her friends had succeeded in corrupting - Goodman. <a href="#linknote-753" name="linknoteref-753" - id="linknoteref-753"><small>753</small></a> + Goodman. <a href="#linknote-753" id="linknoteref-753"><small>753</small></a> </p> <p> Goodman had been allowed a liberty which was afterwards, with some reason, @@ -21517,7 +20992,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger He consented, half from cupidity, half from fear. O'Brien was not a man to be tricked as Clancy had been. He never parted company with Goodman from the moment when the bargain was struck till they were at Saint Germains. - <a href="#linknote-754" name="linknoteref-754" id="linknoteref-754"><small>754</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-754" id="linknoteref-754"><small>754</small></a> </p> <p> On the afternoon of the day on which Fenwick was examined by the King at @@ -21533,7 +21008,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger however it seemed certain that Goodman had designedly withdrawn himself. A proclamation appeared promising a reward of a thousand pounds to any person who should stop the runaway; but it was too late. <a - href="#linknote-755" name="linknoteref-755" id="linknoteref-755"><small>755</small></a> + href="#linknote-755" id="linknoteref-755"><small>755</small></a> </p> <p> This event exasperated the Whigs beyond measure. No jury could now find @@ -21622,8 +21097,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Whigs was not less ardent, and their ranks were unbroken. The motion for leave to bring in a bill attainting Sir John Fenwick was carried very late at night by one hundred and seventy-nine votes to sixty-one; but it was - plain that the struggle would be long and hard. <a href="#linknote-756" - name="linknoteref-756" id="linknoteref-756"><small>756</small></a> + plain that the struggle would be long and hard. <a href="#linknote-756" id="linknoteref-756"><small>756</small></a> </p> <p> In truth party spirit had seldom been more strongly excited. On both sides @@ -21653,8 +21127,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger accomplices of Catiline should be put to death in an irregular manner. A Whig orator keenly remarked that the worthy Baron had forgotten that Caesar was grievously suspected of having been himself concerned in - Catiline's plot. <a href="#linknote-757" name="linknoteref-757" - id="linknoteref-757"><small>757</small></a> In this stage a hundred and + Catiline's plot. <a href="#linknote-757" id="linknoteref-757"><small>757</small></a> In this stage a hundred and ninety-six members voted for the bill, a hundred and four against it. A copy was sent to Fenwick, in order that he might be prepared to defend himself. He begged to be heard by counsel; his request was granted; and @@ -21688,14 +21161,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and their testimony was confirmed by some of the petty jurymen who had convicted another conspirator. No evidence was produced in behalf of the prisoner. After counsel for him and against him had been heard, he was - sent back to his cell. <a href="#linknote-758" name="linknoteref-758" - id="linknoteref-758"><small>758</small></a> Then the real struggle began. + sent back to his cell. <a href="#linknote-758" id="linknoteref-758"><small>758</small></a> Then the real struggle began. It was long and violent. The House repeatedly sate from daybreak till near midnight. Once the Speaker was in the chair fifteen hours without intermission. Strangers were freely admitted; for it was felt that, since the House chose to take on itself the functions of a court of justice, it ought, like a court of justice, to sit with open doors. <a - href="#linknote-759" name="linknoteref-759" id="linknoteref-759"><small>759</small></a> + href="#linknote-759" id="linknoteref-759"><small>759</small></a> The substance of the debates has consequently been preserved in a report, meagre, indeed, when compared with the reports of our time, but for that age unusually full. Every man of note in the House took part in the @@ -21809,7 +21281,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger grave elder had been sufficient," it was asked, "what would have become of the virtuous Susannah?" This last allusion called forth a cry of "Apocrypha, Apocrypha," from the ranks of the Low Churchmen. <a - href="#linknote-760" name="linknoteref-760" id="linknoteref-760"><small>760</small></a> + href="#linknote-760" id="linknoteref-760"><small>760</small></a> </p> <p> Over these arguments, which in truth can scarcely have imposed on those @@ -21875,8 +21347,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger divided into parties ever was or ever will be free. The rhetoric of one orator called forth loud cries of "Hear him." Another was coughed and scraped down. A third spoke against time in order that his friends who - were supping might come in to divide. <a href="#linknote-761" - name="linknoteref-761" id="linknoteref-761"><small>761</small></a> If the + were supping might come in to divide. <a href="#linknote-761" id="linknoteref-761"><small>761</small></a> If the life of the most worthless man could be sported with thus, was the life of the most virtuous man secure? </p> @@ -22007,8 +21478,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger occasion, the privilege of voting by proxy should be suspended, that the House should be called over at the beginning and at the end of every sitting, and that every member who did not answer to his name should be - taken into custody. <a href="#linknote-762" name="linknoteref-762" - id="linknoteref-762"><small>762</small></a> + taken into custody. <a href="#linknote-762" id="linknoteref-762"><small>762</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile the unquiet brain of Monmouth was teeming with strange designs. @@ -22096,7 +21566,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger save himself by accusing others. I assure Your Lordships that, since the accession of his present Majesty, I have had no intercourse with Sir John on any subject whatever; and this I declare on my word of honour." <a - href="#linknote-763" name="linknoteref-763" id="linknoteref-763"><small>763</small></a> + href="#linknote-763" id="linknoteref-763"><small>763</small></a> Marlborough's assertion may have been true; but it was perfectly compatible with the truth of all that Fenwick had said. Godolphin went further. "I certainly did," he said, "continue to the last in the service @@ -22105,8 +21575,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger may imagine that I am still attached to their interest. That I cannot help. But it is utterly false that I have had any such dealings with the Court of Saint Germains as are described in the paper which Your Lordships - have heard read." <a href="#linknote-764" name="linknoteref-764" - id="linknoteref-764"><small>764</small></a> + have heard read." <a href="#linknote-764" id="linknoteref-764"><small>764</small></a> </p> <p> Fenwick was then brought in, and asked whether he had any further @@ -22133,8 +21602,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger For, even on the supposition that the evidence left no doubt of his criminality, they should still think it better to leave him unpunished than to make a law for punishing him. The general sense, however, was - decidedly for proceeding. <a href="#linknote-765" name="linknoteref-765" - id="linknoteref-765"><small>765</small></a> The prisoner and his counsel + decidedly for proceeding. <a href="#linknote-765" id="linknoteref-765"><small>765</small></a> The prisoner and his counsel were allowed another week to prepare themselves; and, at length, on the fifteenth of December, the struggle commenced in earnest. </p> @@ -22143,7 +21611,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger largest, the protests were the most numerously signed that had ever been known in the whole history of the House of Peers. Repeatedly the benches continued to be filled from ten in the morning till past midnight. <a - href="#linknote-766" name="linknoteref-766" id="linknoteref-766"><small>766</small></a> + href="#linknote-766" id="linknoteref-766"><small>766</small></a> The health of many lords suffered severely; for the winter was bitterly cold; but the majority was not disposed to be indulgent. One evening Devonshire was unwell; he stole away and went to bed; but Black Rod was @@ -22152,8 +21620,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger gentlemen to sit down to their suppers and their wine at two o'clock in the morning; but some of us old men are likely to be of as much use here as they; and we shall soon be in our graves if we are forced to keep such - hours at such a season." <a href="#linknote-767" name="linknoteref-767" - id="linknoteref-767"><small>767</small></a> So strongly was party spirit + hours at such a season." <a href="#linknote-767" id="linknoteref-767"><small>767</small></a> So strongly was party spirit excited that this appeal was disregarded, and the House continued to sit fourteen or fifteen hours a day. The chief opponents of the bill were Rochester, Nottingham, Normanby and Leeds. The chief orators on the other @@ -22179,7 +21646,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger lords were present, a number unprecedented in our history. There were seventy-three Contents, and fifty-three Not Contents. Thirty-six of the minority protested against the decision of the House. <a - href="#linknote-768" name="linknoteref-768" id="linknoteref-768"><small>768</small></a> + href="#linknote-768" id="linknoteref-768"><small>768</small></a> </p> <p> The next great trial of strength was on the question whether the bill @@ -22193,7 +21660,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger matter should go no further. On this day a hundred and twenty-eight peers were present. The second reading was carried by seventy-three to fifty-five; and forty-nine of the fifty-five protested. <a - href="#linknote-769" name="linknoteref-769" id="linknoteref-769"><small>769</small></a> + href="#linknote-769" id="linknoteref-769"><small>769</small></a> </p> <p> It was now thought by many that Fenwick's courage would give way. It was @@ -22223,8 +21690,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger him for consideration; and he was then required to give his final answer. "I have given it," he said; "I have no security. If I had, I should be glad to satisfy the House." He was then carried back to his cell; and the - Peers separated, having sate far into the night. <a href="#linknote-770" - name="linknoteref-770" id="linknoteref-770"><small>770</small></a> + Peers separated, having sate far into the night. <a href="#linknote-770" id="linknoteref-770"><small>770</small></a> </p> <p> At noon they met again. The third reading was moved. Tenison spoke for the @@ -22245,8 +21711,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger compromise. The third reading was carried by only sixty-eight votes to sixty-one. Fifty-three Lords recorded their dissent; and forty-one subscribed a protest, in which the arguments against the bill were ably - summed up. <a href="#linknote-771" name="linknoteref-771" - id="linknoteref-771"><small>771</small></a> The peers whom Fenwick had + summed up. <a href="#linknote-771" id="linknoteref-771"><small>771</small></a> The peers whom Fenwick had accused took different sides. Marlborough steadily voted with the majority, and induced Prince George to do the same. Godolphin as steadily voted with the minority, but, with characteristic wariness, abstained from @@ -22254,7 +21719,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger ascribing his conduct to any exalted motive. It is probable that, having been driven from office by the Whigs and forced to take refuge among the Tories, he thought it advisable to go with his party. <a - href="#linknote-772" name="linknoteref-772" id="linknoteref-772"><small>772</small></a> + href="#linknote-772" id="linknoteref-772"><small>772</small></a> </p> <p> As soon as the bill had been read a third time, the attention of the Peers @@ -22280,12 +21745,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the prisoner and the prisoner's wife. Both among the Whigs and among the Tories Monmouth had, by his sneers and invectives, made numerous personal enemies, whom fear of his wit and of his sword had hitherto kept in awe. - <a href="#linknote-773" name="linknoteref-773" id="linknoteref-773"><small>773</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-773" id="linknoteref-773"><small>773</small></a> All these enemies were now openmouthed against him. There was great curiosity to know what he would be able to say in his defence. His eloquence, the correspondent of the States General wrote, had often annoyed others. He would now want it all to protect himself. <a - href="#linknote-774" name="linknoteref-774" id="linknoteref-774"><small>774</small></a> + href="#linknote-774" id="linknoteref-774"><small>774</small></a> That eloquence indeed was of a kind much better suited to attack than to defence. Monmouth spoke near three hours in a confused and rambling manner, boasted extravagantly of his services and sacrifices, told the @@ -22314,8 +21779,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and unanimously resolved that the papers were scandalous, and that the author had been guilty of a high crime and misdemeanour. Monmouth himself was, by these dexterous tactics, forced to join in condemning his own - compositions. <a href="#linknote-775" name="linknoteref-775" - id="linknoteref-775"><small>775</small></a> Then the House proceeded to + compositions. <a href="#linknote-775" id="linknoteref-775"><small>775</small></a> Then the House proceeded to consider the charge against him. The character of his cousin the Duchess did not stand high; but her testimony was confirmed both by direct and by circumstantial evidence. Her husband said, with sour pleasantry, that he @@ -22326,8 +21790,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to Monmouth. He was pronounced guilty of the act of which he had, in the most solemn manner, protested that he was innocent; he was sent to the Tower; he was turned out of all his places; and his name was struck out of - the Council Book. <a href="#linknote-776" name="linknoteref-776" - id="linknoteref-776"><small>776</small></a> It might well have been + the Council Book. <a href="#linknote-776" id="linknoteref-776"><small>776</small></a> It might well have been thought that the ruin of his fame and of his fortunes was irreparable. But there was about his nature an elasticity which nothing could subdue. In his prison, indeed, he was as violent as a falcon just caged, and would, @@ -22390,11 +21853,10 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger over the Christmas holidays. The fate of Fenwick consequently remained during more than a fortnight in suspense. In the interval plans of escape were formed; and it was thought necessary to place a strong military guard - round Newgate. <a href="#linknote-777" name="linknoteref-777" - id="linknoteref-777"><small>777</small></a> Some Jacobites knew William so + round Newgate. <a href="#linknote-777" id="linknoteref-777"><small>777</small></a> Some Jacobites knew William so little as to send him anonymous letters, threatening that he should be shot or stabbed if he dared to touch a hair of the prisoner's head. <a - href="#linknote-778" name="linknoteref-778" id="linknoteref-778"><small>778</small></a> + href="#linknote-778" id="linknoteref-778"><small>778</small></a> On the morning of the eleventh of January he passed the bill. He at the same time passed a bill which authorised the government to detain Bernardi and some other conspirators in custody during twelve months. On the @@ -22409,7 +21871,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger her agitation became greater than her frame could support. When she heard the sound of the guns which announced that the King was on his way to Westminster, she fell into fits, and died in a few hours. <a - href="#linknote-779" name="linknoteref-779" id="linknoteref-779"><small>779</small></a> + href="#linknote-779" id="linknoteref-779"><small>779</small></a> </p> <p> Even after the bill had become law, strenuous efforts were made to save @@ -22417,7 +21879,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger petition. He took the petition, and said, very gently, that it should be considered, but that the matter was one of public concern, and that he must deliberate with his ministers before he decided. <a - href="#linknote-780" name="linknoteref-780" id="linknoteref-780"><small>780</small></a> + href="#linknote-780" id="linknoteref-780"><small>780</small></a> She then addressed herself to the Lords. She told them that her husband had not expected his doom, that he had not had time to prepare himself for death, that he had not, during his long imprisonment, seen a divine. They @@ -22426,13 +21888,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger presented to the Lords another petition, imploring them to intercede with the King that her husband's punishment might be commuted to banishment. The House was taken by surprise; and a motion to adjourn was with - difficulty carried by two votes. <a href="#linknote-781" - name="linknoteref-781" id="linknoteref-781"><small>781</small></a> On the + difficulty carried by two votes. <a href="#linknote-781" id="linknoteref-781"><small>781</small></a> On the morrow, the last day of Fenwick's life, a similar petition was presented to the Commons. But the Whig leaders were on their guard; the attendance was full; and a motion for reading the Orders of the Day was carried by a - hundred and fifty-two to a hundred and seven. <a href="#linknote-782" - name="linknoteref-782" id="linknoteref-782"><small>782</small></a> In + hundred and fifty-two to a hundred and seven. <a href="#linknote-782" id="linknoteref-782"><small>782</small></a> In truth, neither branch of the legislature could, without condemning itself, request William to spare Fenwick's life. Jurymen, who have, in the discharge of a painful duty, pronounced a culprit guilty, may, with @@ -22464,7 +21924,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger blow. His remains were placed in a rich coffin, and buried that night, by torchlight, under the pavement of Saint Martin's Church. No person has, since that day, suffered death in England by Act of Attainder. <a - href="#linknote-783" name="linknoteref-783" id="linknoteref-783"><small>783</small></a> + href="#linknote-783" id="linknoteref-783"><small>783</small></a> </p> <p> Meanwhile an important question, about which public feeling was much @@ -22486,7 +21946,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger serve the country well as the most fluent gownsman, who was ready, for a guinea, to prove that black was white. On the question whether the bill should pass, the Ayes were two hundred, the Noes a hundred and sixty. <a - href="#linknote-784" name="linknoteref-784" id="linknoteref-784"><small>784</small></a> + href="#linknote-784" id="linknoteref-784"><small>784</small></a> </p> <p> The Lords had, twelve months before, readily agreed to a similar bill; but @@ -22514,8 +21974,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger petitions from constituent bodies, which thought it hard that a new restriction should be imposed on the exercise of the elective franchise, were presented and read. After a debate of some hours the bill was - rejected by sixty-two votes to thirty-seven. <a href="#linknote-785" - name="linknoteref-785" id="linknoteref-785"><small>785</small></a> Only + rejected by sixty-two votes to thirty-seven. <a href="#linknote-785" id="linknoteref-785"><small>785</small></a> Only three days later, a strong party in the Commons, burning with resentment, proposed to tack the bill which the Peers had just rejected to the Land Tax Bill. This motion would probably have been carried, had not Foley gone @@ -22524,8 +21983,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger parliamentary history. When the question was put, the Ayes raised so loud a cry that it was believed that they were the majority; but on a division they proved to be only a hundred and thirty-five. The Noes were a hundred - and sixty-three. <a href="#linknote-786" name="linknoteref-786" - id="linknoteref-786"><small>786</small></a> + and sixty-three. <a href="#linknote-786" id="linknoteref-786"><small>786</small></a> </p> <p> Other parliamentary proceedings of this session deserve mention. While the @@ -22563,8 +22021,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger not absurd to ask us to give a new remedy by statute, when the old remedy afforded by the common law has never been tried?" On the question whether the bill should be read a second time, the Ayes were only sixteen, the - Noes two hundred. <a href="#linknote-787" name="linknoteref-787" - id="linknoteref-787"><small>787</small></a> + Noes two hundred. <a href="#linknote-787" id="linknoteref-787"><small>787</small></a> </p> <p> Another bill, which fared better, ought to be noticed as an instance of @@ -22597,8 +22054,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger general indignation. The City, indignant at the outrage offered to the Sheriff, cried loudly for justice. Yet, so difficult was it to execute any process in the dens of Whitefriars, that near two years elapsed before a - single ringleader was apprehended. <a href="#linknote-788" - name="linknoteref-788" id="linknoteref-788"><small>788</small></a> + single ringleader was apprehended. <a href="#linknote-788" id="linknoteref-788"><small>788</small></a> </p> <p> The Savoy was another place of the same kind, smaller indeed, and less @@ -22613,7 +22069,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to kneel down and to curse his father and mother. Having performed this ceremony he was permitted,—and the permission was blamed by many of the Savoyards,—to limp home without a rag upon him. <a - href="#linknote-789" name="linknoteref-789" id="linknoteref-789"><small>789</small></a> + href="#linknote-789" id="linknoteref-789"><small>789</small></a> The Bog of Allen, the passes of the Grampians, were not more unsafe than this small knot of lanes, surrounded by the mansions of the greatest nobles of a flourishing and enlightened kingdom. @@ -22633,8 +22089,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and when, on the prescribed day, the Sheriff's officers ventured to cross the boundary, they found those streets where, a few weeks before, the cry of "A writ!" would have drawn together a thousand raging bullies and - vixens, as quiet as the cloister of a cathedral. <a href="#linknote-790" - name="linknoteref-790" id="linknoteref-790"><small>790</small></a> + vixens, as quiet as the cloister of a cathedral. <a href="#linknote-790" id="linknoteref-790"><small>790</small></a> </p> <p> On the sixteenth of April, the King closed the session with a speech, in @@ -22646,8 +22101,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by some conspicuous mark of royal favour. Somers delivered up the seal, of which he was Keeper; he received it back again with the higher title of Chancellor, and was immediately commanded to affix it to a patent, by - which he was created Baron Somers of Evesham. <a href="#linknote-791" - name="linknoteref-791" id="linknoteref-791"><small>791</small></a> Russell + which he was created Baron Somers of Evesham. <a href="#linknote-791" id="linknoteref-791"><small>791</small></a> Russell became Earl of Orford and Viscount Barfleur. No English title had ever before been taken from a place of battle lying within a foreign territory. But the precedent then set has been repeatedly followed; and the names of @@ -22660,14 +22114,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger course, such things were for the Dutch; and it was strange presumption in an Englishman, though he might have won a victory which had saved the State, to expect that his pretensions would be considered till all the - Mynheers about the palace had been served. <a href="#linknote-792" - name="linknoteref-792" id="linknoteref-792"><small>792</small></a> + Mynheers about the palace had been served. <a href="#linknote-792" id="linknoteref-792"><small>792</small></a> </p> <p> Wharton, still retaining his place of Comptroller of the Household, obtained the lucrative office of Chief Justice in Eyre, South of Trent; and his brother, Godwin Wharton, was made a Lord of the Admiralty. <a - href="#linknote-793" name="linknoteref-793" id="linknoteref-793"><small>793</small></a> + href="#linknote-793" id="linknoteref-793"><small>793</small></a> </p> <p> Though the resignation of Godolphin had been accepted in October, no new @@ -22695,15 +22148,13 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Montague became First Lord of the Treasury; and the vacant seat at the Board was filled by Sir Thomas Littleton, one of the ablest and most consistent Whigs in the House of Commons. But, from tenderness to Fox, - these promotions were not announced in the Gazette. <a href="#linknote-794" - name="linknoteref-794" id="linknoteref-794"><small>794</small></a> + these promotions were not announced in the Gazette. <a href="#linknote-794" id="linknoteref-794"><small>794</small></a> </p> <p> Dorset resigned the office of Chamberlain, but not in ill humour, and retired loaded with marks of royal favour. He was succeeded by Sunderland, who was also appointed one of the Lords Justices, not without much - murmuring from various quarters. <a href="#linknote-795" - name="linknoteref-795" id="linknoteref-795"><small>795</small></a> To the + murmuring from various quarters. <a href="#linknote-795" id="linknoteref-795"><small>795</small></a> To the Tories Sunderland was an object of unmixed detestation. Some of the Whig leaders had been unable to resist his insinuating address; and others were grateful for the services which he had lately rendered to the party. But @@ -22810,12 +22261,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger witches and a persecution of infidels. A crowd of wretches, guilty only of being old and miserable, were accused of trafficking with the devil. The Privy Council was not ashamed to issue a Commission for the trial of - twenty-two of these poor creatures. <a href="#linknote-796" - name="linknoteref-796" id="linknoteref-796"><small>796</small></a> The + twenty-two of these poor creatures. <a href="#linknote-796" id="linknoteref-796"><small>796</small></a> The shops of the booksellers of Edinburgh were strictly searched for heretical works. Impious books, among which the sages of the Presbytery ranked Thomas Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth, were strictly suppressed. <a - href="#linknote-797" name="linknoteref-797" id="linknoteref-797"><small>797</small></a> + href="#linknote-797" id="linknoteref-797"><small>797</small></a> But the destruction of mere paper and sheepskin would not satisfy the bigots. Their hatred required victims who could feel, and was not appeased till they had perpetrated a crime such as has never since polluted the @@ -22895,8 +22345,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger boy's murderers crowded round him at the gallows, and, while he was struggling in the last agony, insulted Heaven with prayers more blasphemous than any thing that he had ever uttered. Wodrow has told no - blacker story of Dundee. <a href="#linknote-798" name="linknoteref-798" - id="linknoteref-798"><small>798</small></a> + blacker story of Dundee. <a href="#linknote-798" id="linknoteref-798"><small>798</small></a> </p> <p> On the whole, the British islands had not, during ten years, been so free @@ -22926,8 +22375,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger had declared himself willing to relinquish the conquests which he had made in the course of the war, to cede Lorraine to its own Duke, to give back Luxemburg to Spain, to give back Strasburg to the Empire and to - acknowledge the existing government of England. <a href="#linknote-799" - name="linknoteref-799" id="linknoteref-799"><small>799</small></a> + acknowledge the existing government of England. <a href="#linknote-799" id="linknoteref-799"><small>799</small></a> </p> <p> Those who remembered the great woes which his faithless and merciless @@ -22988,8 +22436,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger "The ministers of the Emperor," William wrote to Heinsius, "ought to be ashamed of their conduct. It is intolerable that a government which is doing every thing in its power to make the negotiations fail, should - contribute nothing to the common defence." <a href="#linknote-800" - name="linknoteref-800" id="linknoteref-800"><small>800</small></a> + contribute nothing to the common defence." <a href="#linknote-800" id="linknoteref-800"><small>800</small></a> </p> <p> It is not strange that in such circumstances the work of pacification @@ -23003,20 +22450,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Emperor objected in his turn. At last it was arranged that the ministers of the Allied Powers should meet at the Hague, and that the French plenipotentiaries should take up their abode five miles off at Delft. <a - href="#linknote-801" name="linknoteref-801" id="linknoteref-801"><small>801</small></a> + href="#linknote-801" id="linknoteref-801"><small>801</small></a> To Delft accordingly repaired Harlay, a man of distinguished wit and good breeding, sprung from one of the great families of the robe; Crecy, a shrewd, patient and laborious diplomatist; and Cailleres, who, though he was named only third in the credentials, was much better informed than either of his colleagues touching all the points which were likely to be - debated. <a href="#linknote-802" name="linknoteref-802" - id="linknoteref-802"><small>802</small></a> At the Hague were the Earl of + debated. <a href="#linknote-802" id="linknoteref-802"><small>802</small></a> At the Hague were the Earl of Pembroke and Edward, Viscount Villiers, who represented England. Prior accompanied them with the rank of Secretary. At the head of the Imperial Legation was Count Kaunitz; at the head of the Spanish Legation was Don Francisco Bernardo de Quiros; the ministers of inferior rank it would be - tedious to enumerate. <a href="#linknote-803" name="linknoteref-803" - id="linknoteref-803"><small>803</small></a> + tedious to enumerate. <a href="#linknote-803" id="linknoteref-803"><small>803</small></a> </p> <p> Half way between Delft and the Hague is a village named Ryswick; and near @@ -23028,8 +22473,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger on the left were wings exactly corresponding to each other. Each wing was accessible by its own bridge, its own gate and its own avenue. One wing was assigned to the Allies, the other to the French, the hall in the - centre to the mediator. <a href="#linknote-804" name="linknoteref-804" - id="linknoteref-804"><small>804</small></a> Some preliminary questions of + centre to the mediator. <a href="#linknote-804" id="linknoteref-804"><small>804</small></a> Some preliminary questions of etiquette were, not without difficulty, adjusted; and at length, on the ninth of May, many coaches and six, attended by harbingers, footmen and pages, approached the mansion by different roads. The Swedish Minister @@ -23087,8 +22531,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger accelerate matters. While the congress lasted, his position was one of great dignity. He would willingly have gone on mediating for ever; and he could not go on mediating, unless the parties on his right and on his left - went on wrangling. <a href="#linknote-805" name="linknoteref-805" - id="linknoteref-805"><small>805</small></a> + went on wrangling. <a href="#linknote-805" id="linknoteref-805"><small>805</small></a> </p> <p> In June the hope of peace began to grow faint. Men remembered that the @@ -23149,8 +22592,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger that this man, who in the drawingrooms and coffeehouses of London was described as an awkward, stupid, Hogan Mogan,—such was the phrase at that time,—was considered at Versailles as an eminently polished - courtier and an eminently expert negotiator. <a href="#linknote-806" - name="linknoteref-806" id="linknoteref-806"><small>806</small></a> His + courtier and an eminently expert negotiator. <a href="#linknote-806" id="linknoteref-806"><small>806</small></a> His chief recommendation however was his incorruptible integrity. It was certain that the interests which were committed to his care would be as dear to him as his own life, and that every report which he made to his @@ -23163,7 +22605,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was possible for a courier to ride post to Versailles and back again. Lewis directed the Marshal to comply with Portland's request, to say as little as possible, and to learn as much as possible. <a - href="#linknote-807" name="linknoteref-807" id="linknoteref-807"><small>807</small></a> + href="#linknote-807" id="linknoteref-807"><small>807</small></a> </p> <p> On the twenty-eighth of June, according to the Old Style, the meeting took @@ -23173,7 +22615,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and the two negotiators were left alone in an orchard. Here they walked up and down during two hours, and, in that time, did much more business than the plenipotentiaries at Ryswick were able to despatch in as many months. - <a href="#linknote-808" name="linknoteref-808" id="linknoteref-808"><small>808</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-808" id="linknoteref-808"><small>808</small></a> </p> <p> Till this time the French government had entertained a suspicion, natural @@ -23268,8 +22710,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger question which it would have puzzled all Westminster Hall to answer. But it was well understood that she would receive, without any contest, the utmost that she could have any pretence for asking as soon as she and her - husband should retire to Provence or to Italy. <a href="#linknote-809" - name="linknoteref-809" id="linknoteref-809"><small>809</small></a> + husband should retire to Provence or to Italy. <a href="#linknote-809" id="linknoteref-809"><small>809</small></a> </p> <p> Before the end of July every thing was settled, as far as France and @@ -23287,8 +22728,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger assembled at the Hague would not have done in ten years. Nor were the French plenipotentiaries ill pleased. "It is curious," said Harlay, a man of wit and sense, "that, while the Ambassadors are making war, the - generals should be making peace." <a href="#linknote-810" - name="linknoteref-810" id="linknoteref-810"><small>810</small></a> But + generals should be making peace." <a href="#linknote-810" id="linknoteref-810"><small>810</small></a> But Spain preserved the same air of arrogant listlessness; and the ministers of the Emperor, forgetting apparently that their master had, a few months before, concluded a treaty of neutrality for Italy without consulting @@ -23298,8 +22738,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger July the French ministers again proposed fair and honourable terms of peace, but added that, if those terms were not accepted by the twenty-first of August, the Most Christian King would not consider himself - bound by his offer. <a href="#linknote-811" name="linknoteref-811" - id="linknoteref-811"><small>811</small></a> William in vain exhorted his + bound by his offer. <a href="#linknote-811" id="linknoteref-811"><small>811</small></a> William in vain exhorted his allies to be reasonable. The senseless pride of one branch of the House of Austria and the selfish policy of the other were proof to all argument. The twenty-first of August came and passed; the treaty had not been @@ -23311,8 +22750,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger in the Old and one in the New World. A French army, commanded by Vendome, had taken Barcelona. A French squadron had stolen out of Brest, had eluded the allied fleets, had crossed the Atlantic, had sacked Carthagena, and - had returned to France laden with treasure. <a href="#linknote-812" - name="linknoteref-812" id="linknoteref-812"><small>812</small></a> The + had returned to France laden with treasure. <a href="#linknote-812" id="linknoteref-812"><small>812</small></a> The Spanish government passed at once from haughty apathy to abject terror, and was ready to accept any conditions which the conqueror might dictate. The French plenipotentiaries announced to the Congress that their master @@ -23341,13 +22779,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Meanwhile James was moving the mirth and pity of all Europe by his lamentations and menaces. He had in vain insisted on his right to send, as the only true King of England, a minister to the Congress. <a - href="#linknote-813" name="linknoteref-813" id="linknoteref-813"><small>813</small></a> + href="#linknote-813" id="linknoteref-813"><small>813</small></a> He had in vain addressed to all the Roman Catholic princes of the Confederacy a memorial in which he adjured them to join with France in a crusade against England for the purpose of restoring him to his inheritance, and of annulling that impious Bill of Rights which excluded - members of the true Church from the throne. <a href="#linknote-814" - name="linknoteref-814" id="linknoteref-814"><small>814</small></a> When he + members of the true Church from the throne. <a href="#linknote-814" id="linknoteref-814"><small>814</small></a> When he found that this appeal was disregarded, he put forth a solemn protest against the validity of all treaties to which the existing government of England should be a party. He pronounced all the engagements into which @@ -23364,8 +22801,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger blood and lavish their wealth, year after year, in his cause; that the interests of the sixty millions of human beings to whom peace would be a blessing were of absolutely no account when compared with the interests of - one man. <a href="#linknote-815" name="linknoteref-815" - id="linknoteref-815"><small>815</small></a> + one man. <a href="#linknote-815" id="linknoteref-815"><small>815</small></a> </p> <p> In spite of his protests the day of peace drew nigh. On the tenth of @@ -23376,13 +22812,12 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger France and the States General should have precedence; and the day was breaking before all the instruments had been executed. Then the plenipotentiaries, with many bows, congratulated each other on having had - the honour of contributing to so great a work. <a href="#linknote-816" - name="linknoteref-816" id="linknoteref-816"><small>816</small></a> + the honour of contributing to so great a work. <a href="#linknote-816" id="linknoteref-816"><small>816</small></a> </p> <p> A sloop was in waiting for Prior. He hastened on board, and on the third day, after weathering an equinoctial gale, landed on the coast of Suffolk. - <a href="#linknote-817" name="linknoteref-817" id="linknoteref-817"><small>817</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-817" id="linknoteref-817"><small>817</small></a> </p> <p> Very seldom had there been greater excitement in London than during the @@ -23399,8 +22834,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger so strong a delusion that they backed their opinion by large wagers. When the intelligence of the fall of Barcelona arrived, all the treason taverns were in a ferment with nonjuring priests laughing, talking loud, and - shaking each other by the hand. <a href="#linknote-818" - name="linknoteref-818" id="linknoteref-818"><small>818</small></a> + shaking each other by the hand. <a href="#linknote-818" id="linknoteref-818"><small>818</small></a> </p> <p> At length, in the afternoon of the thirteenth of September, some @@ -23424,8 +22858,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger his word; for no such pyre had ever been seen in London. A hundred and forty barrels of pitch roared and blazed before his house in Saint James's Square, and sent up a flame which made Pall Mall and Piccadilly as bright - as at noonday. <a href="#linknote-819" name="linknoteref-819" - id="linknoteref-819"><small>819</small></a> + as at noonday. <a href="#linknote-819" id="linknoteref-819"><small>819</small></a> </p> <p> Among the Jacobites the dismay was great. Some of those who had betted @@ -23440,8 +22873,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger obedience of Christians, but who had thought that the government of William could not properly be said to be settled while the greatest power in Europe not only refused to recognise him, but strenuously supported his - competitor. <a href="#linknote-820" name="linknoteref-820" - id="linknoteref-820"><small>820</small></a> The fiercer and more + competitor. <a href="#linknote-820" id="linknoteref-820"><small>820</small></a> The fiercer and more determined adherents of the banished family were furious against Lewis. He had deceived, he had betrayed his suppliants. It was idle to talk about the misery of his people. It was idle to say that he had drained every @@ -23452,7 +22884,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger against him, as absurdly, and almost as scurrilously, as they had long talked and written against William. One of their libels was so indecent that the Lords justices ordered the author to be arrested and held to - bail. <a href="#linknote-821" name="linknoteref-821" id="linknoteref-821"><small>821</small></a> + bail. <a href="#linknote-821" id="linknoteref-821"><small>821</small></a> </p> <p> But the rage and mortification were confined to a very small minority. @@ -23469,8 +22901,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger much joy. On the fourth of November, the anniversary of the King's birth, and on the fifth, the anniversary of his landing at Torbay, the bellringing, the shouting, and the illuminations were renewed both in - London and all over the country. <a href="#linknote-822" - name="linknoteref-822" id="linknoteref-822"><small>822</small></a> On the + London and all over the country. <a href="#linknote-822" id="linknoteref-822"><small>822</small></a> On the day on which he returned to his capital no work was done, no shop was opened, in the two thousand streets of that immense mart. For that day the chiefs streets had, mile after mile, been covered with gravel; all the @@ -23512,7 +22943,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger University of Oxford. The eloquent composition in which that learned body extolled the wisdom, the courage and the virtue of His Majesty, was read with cruel vexation by the nonjurors, and with exultation by the Whigs. <a - href="#linknote-823" name="linknoteref-823" id="linknoteref-823"><small>823</small></a> + href="#linknote-823" id="linknoteref-823"><small>823</small></a> </p> <p> The rejoicings were not yet over. At a council which was held a few hours @@ -23526,7 +22957,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to see him pass, and all the parish churches of London would be left empty. He therefore attended the service in his own chapel at Whitehall, and heard Burnet preach a sermon, somewhat too eulogistic for the place. - <a href="#linknote-824" name="linknoteref-824" id="linknoteref-824"><small>824</small></a> + <a href="#linknote-824" id="linknoteref-824"><small>824</small></a> At Saint Paul's the magistrates of the City appeared in all their state. Compton ascended, for the first time, a throne rich with the sculpture of Gibbons, and thence exhorted a numerous and splendid assembly. His @@ -23541,8 +22972,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger thirty generations. Throughout London, and in every part of the realm, even to the remotest parishes of Cumberland and Cornwall, the churches were filled on the morning of that day; and the evening was an evening of - festivity. <a href="#linknote-825" name="linknoteref-825" - id="linknoteref-825"><small>825</small></a> + festivity. <a href="#linknote-825" id="linknoteref-825"><small>825</small></a> </p> <p> These was indeed reason for joy and thankfulness. England had passed @@ -23585,24 +23015,24 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger happier age. </p> <p> - <br /> <br /> + <br > <br > </p> - <hr /> + <hr > <p> - <br /> <br /> <a name="linknote-1" id="linknote-1"> + <br > <br > <a id="linknote-1"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 1 (<a href="#linknoteref-1">return</a>)<br /> [ Relation de la Voyage de Sa + 1 (<a href="#linknoteref-1">return</a>)<br > [ Relation de la Voyage de Sa Majeste Britannique en Hollande, enrichie de planches tres curieuses, 1692; Wagenaar; London Gazette, Jan. 29. 1693; Burnet, ii. 71] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-2" id="linknote-2"> + <a id="linknote-2"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 2 (<a href="#linknoteref-2">return</a>)<br /> [ The names of these two + 2 (<a href="#linknoteref-2">return</a>)<br > [ The names of these two great scholars are associated in a very interesting letter of Bentley to Graevius, dated April 29. 1698. "Sciunt omnes qui me norunt, et si vitam mihi Deus O.M. prorogaverit, scient etiam posteri, ut te et ton panu @@ -23610,11 +23040,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger praedicaverim, semper veneratus sim."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-3" id="linknote-3"> + <a id="linknote-3"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 3 (<a href="#linknoteref-3">return</a>)<br /> [ Relation de la Voyage de Sa + 3 (<a href="#linknoteref-3">return</a>)<br > [ Relation de la Voyage de Sa Majeste Britannique en Hollande 1692; London Gazette, Feb. 2. 1691,; Le Triomphe Royal ou l'on voit descrits les Arcs de Triomphe, Pyramides, Tableaux et Devises an Nombre de 65, erigez a la Haye a l'hounneur de @@ -23622,75 +23052,75 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger savage pasquinade on William.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-4" id="linknote-4"> + <a id="linknote-4"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 4 (<a href="#linknoteref-4">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Feb. 5. + 4 (<a href="#linknoteref-4">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Feb. 5. 1693; His Majesty's Speech to the Assembly of the States General of the United Provinces at the Hague the 7th of February N.S., together with the Answer of their High and Mighty Lordships, as both are extracted out of the Register of the Resolutions of the States General, 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-5" id="linknote-5"> + <a id="linknote-5"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 5 (<a href="#linknoteref-5">return</a>)<br /> [ Relation de la Voyage de Sa + 5 (<a href="#linknoteref-5">return</a>)<br > [ Relation de la Voyage de Sa Majeste Britannique en Hollande; Burnet, ii. 72.; London Gazette, Feb. 12. 19. 23. 1690/1; Memoires du Comte de Dohna; William Fuller's Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-6" id="linknote-6"> + <a id="linknote-6"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 6 (<a href="#linknoteref-6">return</a>)<br /> [ Wagenaar, lxii.; Le + 6 (<a href="#linknoteref-6">return</a>)<br > [ Wagenaar, lxii.; Le Carnaval de la Haye, Mars 1691; Le Tabouret des Electeurs, April 1691; Ceremonial de ce qui s'est passe a la Haye entre le Roi Guillaume et les Electeurs de Baviere et de Brandebourg. This last tract is a MS. presented to the British Museum by George IV,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-7" id="linknote-7"> + <a id="linknote-7"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 7 (<a href="#linknoteref-7">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Feb. 23. + 7 (<a href="#linknoteref-7">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Feb. 23. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-8" id="linknote-8"> + <a id="linknote-8"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 8 (<a href="#linknoteref-8">return</a>)<br /> [ The secret article by which + 8 (<a href="#linknoteref-8">return</a>)<br > [ The secret article by which the Duke of Savoy bound himself to grant toleration to the Waldenses is in Dumont's collection. It was signed Feb. 8, 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-9" id="linknote-9"> + <a id="linknote-9"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 9 (<a href="#linknoteref-9">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette from March + 9 (<a href="#linknoteref-9">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette from March 26. to April 13. 1691; Monthly Mercuries of March and April; William's Letters to Heinsius of March 18. and 29., April 7. 9.; Dangeau's Memoirs; The Siege of Mons, a tragi-comedy, 1691. In this drama the clergy, who are in the interest of France, persuade the burghers to deliver up the town. This treason calls forth an indignant exclamation, </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Oh priestcraft, shopcraft, how do ye effeminate The minds of men!"] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-10" id="linknote-10"> + <a id="linknote-10"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 10 (<a href="#linknoteref-10">return</a>)<br /> [ Trial of Preston in the + 10 (<a href="#linknoteref-10">return</a>)<br > [ Trial of Preston in the Collection of State Trials. A person who was present gives the following account of Somers's opening speech: "In the opening the evidence, there was no affected exaggeration of matters, nor ostentation of a putid @@ -23701,18 +23131,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger by a Person who was present at the Trials, 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-11" id="linknote-11"> + <a id="linknote-11"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 11 (<a href="#linknoteref-11">return</a>)<br /> [ State Trials.] + 11 (<a href="#linknoteref-11">return</a>)<br > [ State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-12" id="linknote-12"> + <a id="linknote-12"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 12 (<a href="#linknoteref-12">return</a>)<br /> [ Paper delivered by Mr. + 12 (<a href="#linknoteref-12">return</a>)<br > [ Paper delivered by Mr. Ashton, at his execution, to Sir Francis Child, Sheriff of London; Answer to the Paper delivered by Mr. Ashton. The Answer was written by Dr. Edward Fowler, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester. Burnet, ii. 70.; Letter from @@ -23720,54 +23150,54 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Curiosa.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-13" id="linknote-13"> + <a id="linknote-13"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 13 (<a href="#linknoteref-13">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 13 (<a href="#linknoteref-13">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-14" id="linknote-14"> + <a id="linknote-14"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 14 (<a href="#linknoteref-14">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 14 (<a href="#linknoteref-14">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Burnet, ii. 71.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-15" id="linknote-15"> + <a id="linknote-15"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 15 (<a href="#linknoteref-15">return</a>)<br /> [ Letter of Collier and + 15 (<a href="#linknoteref-15">return</a>)<br > [ Letter of Collier and Cook to Sancroft among the Tanner MSS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-16" id="linknote-16"> + <a id="linknote-16"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 16 (<a href="#linknoteref-16">return</a>)<br /> [ Caermarthen to William, + 16 (<a href="#linknoteref-16">return</a>)<br > [ Caermarthen to William, February 3. 1690/1; Life of James, ii. 443.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-17" id="linknote-17"> + <a id="linknote-17"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 17 (<a href="#linknoteref-17">return</a>)<br /> [ That this account of what + 17 (<a href="#linknoteref-17">return</a>)<br > [ That this account of what passed is true in substance is sufficiently proved by the Life of James, ii. 443. I have taken one or two slight circumstances from Dalrymple, who, I believe, took them from papers, now irrecoverably lost, which he had seen in the Scotch College at Paris.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-18" id="linknote-18"> + <a id="linknote-18"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 18 (<a href="#linknoteref-18">return</a>)<br /> [ The success of William's + 18 (<a href="#linknoteref-18">return</a>)<br > [ The success of William's "seeming clemency" is admitted by the compiler of the Life of James. The Prince of Orange's method, it is acknowledged, "succeeded so well that, whatever sentiments those Lords which Mr. Penn had named night have had at @@ -23775,28 +23205,28 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger cause afterwards."-ii. 443.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-19" id="linknote-19"> + <a id="linknote-19"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 19 (<a href="#linknoteref-19">return</a>)<br /> [ See his Diary; Evelyn's + 19 (<a href="#linknoteref-19">return</a>)<br > [ See his Diary; Evelyn's Diary, Mar. 25., April 22., July 11. 1691; Burnet, ii. 71.; Letters of Rochester to Burnet, March 21. and April 2. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-20" id="linknote-20"> + <a id="linknote-20"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 20 (<a href="#linknoteref-20">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 443. + 20 (<a href="#linknoteref-20">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 443. 450.; Legge Papers in the Mackintosh Collection.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-21" id="linknote-21"> + <a id="linknote-21"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 21 (<a href="#linknoteref-21">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 71; Evelyn's + 21 (<a href="#linknoteref-21">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 71; Evelyn's Diary, Jan. 4. and 18. 1690,; Letter from Turner to Sancroft, Jan. 19. 1690/1; Letter from Sancroft to Lloyd of Norwich April 2. 1692. These two letters are among the Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian, and are printed in the @@ -23810,34 +23240,34 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger "Come, brother Pen, 'tis time we both were gone."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-22" id="linknote-22"> + <a id="linknote-22"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 22 (<a href="#linknoteref-22">return</a>)<br /> [ For a specimen of his + 22 (<a href="#linknoteref-22">return</a>)<br > [ For a specimen of his visions, see his Journal, page 13; for his casting out of devils, page 26. I quote the folio edition of 1765.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-23" id="linknote-23"> + <a id="linknote-23"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 23 (<a href="#linknoteref-23">return</a>)<br /> [ Journal, page 4] + 23 (<a href="#linknoteref-23">return</a>)<br > [ Journal, page 4] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-24" id="linknote-24"> + <a id="linknote-24"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 24 (<a href="#linknoteref-24">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. page 7.] + 24 (<a href="#linknoteref-24">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. page 7.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-25" id="linknote-25"> + <a id="linknote-25"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 25 (<a href="#linknoteref-25">return</a>)<br /> [ "What they know, they + 25 (<a href="#linknoteref-25">return</a>)<br > [ "What they know, they know naturally, who turn from the command and err from the spirit, whose fruit withers, who saith that Hebrew, Greek, and Latine is the original: before Babell was, the earth was of one language; and Nimrod the cunning @@ -23853,11 +23283,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a persecutor?"-Page 64.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-26" id="linknote-26"> + <a id="linknote-26"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 26 (<a href="#linknoteref-26">return</a>)<br /> [ His journal, before it + 26 (<a href="#linknoteref-26">return</a>)<br > [ His journal, before it was published, was revised by men of more sense and knowledge than himself, and therefore, absurd as it is, gives us no notion of his genuine style. The following is a fair specimen. It is the exordium of one of his @@ -23882,91 +23312,91 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Groping in the Dark, by G. Fox, 1655.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-27" id="linknote-27"> + <a id="linknote-27"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 27 (<a href="#linknoteref-27">return</a>)<br /> [ See the piece entitled, + 27 (<a href="#linknoteref-27">return</a>)<br > [ See the piece entitled, Concerning Good morrow and Good even, the World's Customs, but by the Light which into the World is come by it made manifest to all who be in the Darkness, by G. Fox, 1657.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-28" id="linknote-28"> + <a id="linknote-28"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 28 (<a href="#linknoteref-28">return</a>)<br /> [ Journal, page 166.] + 28 (<a href="#linknoteref-28">return</a>)<br > [ Journal, page 166.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-29" id="linknote-29"> + <a id="linknote-29"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 29 (<a href="#linknoteref-29">return</a>)<br /> [ Epistle from Harlingen, + 29 (<a href="#linknoteref-29">return</a>)<br > [ Epistle from Harlingen, 11th of 6th month, 1677.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-30" id="linknote-30"> + <a id="linknote-30"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 30 (<a href="#linknoteref-30">return</a>)<br /> [ Of Bowings, by G. Fox, + 30 (<a href="#linknoteref-30">return</a>)<br > [ Of Bowings, by G. Fox, 1657.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-31" id="linknote-31"> + <a id="linknote-31"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 31 (<a href="#linknoteref-31">return</a>)<br /> [ See, for example, the + 31 (<a href="#linknoteref-31">return</a>)<br > [ See, for example, the Journal, pages 24. 26. and 51.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-32" id="linknote-32"> + <a id="linknote-32"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 32 (<a href="#linknoteref-32">return</a>)<br /> [ See, for example, the + 32 (<a href="#linknoteref-32">return</a>)<br > [ See, for example, the Epistle to Sawkey, a justice of the peace, in the journal, page 86.; the Epistle to William Larnpitt, a clergyman, which begins, "The word of the Lord to thee, oh Lampitt," page 80.; and the Epistle to another clergyman whom he calls Priest Tatham, page 92.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-33" id="linknote-33"> + <a id="linknote-33"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 33 (<a href="#linknoteref-33">return</a>)<br /> [ Journal, page 55.] + 33 (<a href="#linknoteref-33">return</a>)<br > [ Journal, page 55.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-34" id="linknote-34"> + <a id="linknote-34"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 34 (<a href="#linknoteref-34">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Page 300.] + 34 (<a href="#linknoteref-34">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Page 300.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-35" id="linknote-35"> + <a id="linknote-35"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 35 (<a href="#linknoteref-35">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. page 323.] + 35 (<a href="#linknoteref-35">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. page 323.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-36" id="linknote-36"> + <a id="linknote-36"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 36 (<a href="#linknoteref-36">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. page 48.] + 36 (<a href="#linknoteref-36">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. page 48.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-37" id="linknote-37"> + <a id="linknote-37"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 37 (<a href="#linknoteref-37">return</a>)<br /> [ "Especially of late," + 37 (<a href="#linknoteref-37">return</a>)<br > [ "Especially of late," says Leslie, the keenest of all the enemies of the sect, "some of them have made nearer advances towards Christianity than ever before; and among them the ingenious Mr. Penn has of late refined some of their gross @@ -23986,11 +23416,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sense.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-38" id="linknote-38"> + <a id="linknote-38"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 38 (<a href="#linknoteref-38">return</a>)<br /> [ In the Life of Penn which + 38 (<a href="#linknoteref-38">return</a>)<br > [ In the Life of Penn which is prefixed to his works, we are told that the warrants were issued on the 16th of January 1690, in consequence of an accusation backed by the oath of William Fuller, who is truly designated as a wretch, a cheat and. an @@ -24004,11 +23434,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger forward.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-39" id="linknote-39"> + <a id="linknote-39"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 39 (<a href="#linknoteref-39">return</a>)<br /> [ Sidney to William, Feb. + 39 (<a href="#linknoteref-39">return</a>)<br > [ Sidney to William, Feb. 27. 1690,. The letter is in Dalrymple's Appendix, Part II. book vi. Narcissus Luttrell in his Diary for September 1691, mentions Penn's escape from Shoreham to France. On the 5th of December 1693 Narcissus made the @@ -24028,37 +23458,37 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Nairne MSS., and was translated by Macpherson.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-40" id="linknote-40"> + <a id="linknote-40"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 40 (<a href="#linknoteref-40">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 40 (<a href="#linknoteref-40">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, April 11. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-41" id="linknote-41"> + <a id="linknote-41"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 41 (<a href="#linknoteref-41">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 41 (<a href="#linknoteref-41">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, August 1691; Letter from Vernon to Wharton, Oct. 17. 1691, in the Bodleian.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-42" id="linknote-42"> + <a id="linknote-42"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 42 (<a href="#linknoteref-42">return</a>)<br /> [ The opinion of the + 42 (<a href="#linknoteref-42">return</a>)<br > [ The opinion of the Jacobites appears from a letter which is among the archives of the French War Office. It was written in London on the 25th of June 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-43" id="linknote-43"> + <a id="linknote-43"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 43 (<a href="#linknoteref-43">return</a>)<br /> [ Welwood's Mercurius + 43 (<a href="#linknoteref-43">return</a>)<br > [ Welwood's Mercurius Reformatus, April 11. 24. 1691; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, April 1691; L'Hermitage to the States General, June 19/29 1696; Calamy's Life. The story of Fenwick's rudeness to Mary is told in different ways. I have @@ -24066,27 +23496,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger last disgraceful, version.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-44" id="linknote-44"> + <a id="linknote-44"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 44 (<a href="#linknoteref-44">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 71.] + 44 (<a href="#linknoteref-44">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 71.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-45" id="linknote-45"> + <a id="linknote-45"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 45 (<a href="#linknoteref-45">return</a>)<br /> [ Lloyd to Sancroft, Jan. + 45 (<a href="#linknoteref-45">return</a>)<br > [ Lloyd to Sancroft, Jan. 24. 1691. The letter is among the Tanner MSS., and is printed in the Life of Ken by a Layman.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-46" id="linknote-46"> + <a id="linknote-46"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 46 (<a href="#linknoteref-46">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, June 1. + 46 (<a href="#linknoteref-46">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, June 1. 1691; Birch's Life of Tillotson; Congratulatory Poem to the Reverend Dr. Tillotson on his Promotion, 1691; Vernon to Wharton, May 28. and 30. 1691. These letters to Wharton are in the Bodleian Library, and form part of a @@ -24094,11 +23524,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Bandinel.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-47" id="linknote-47"> + <a id="linknote-47"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 47 (<a href="#linknoteref-47">return</a>)<br /> [ Birch's Life of + 47 (<a href="#linknoteref-47">return</a>)<br > [ Birch's Life of Tillotson; Leslie's Charge of Socinianism against Dr. Tillotson considered, by a True Son of the Church 1695; Hickes's Discourses upon Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillotson, 1695; Catalogue of Books of the Newest Fashion @@ -24107,97 +23537,97 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger firmly convinced that Tillotson died an Atheist; Idler, No, 10.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-48" id="linknote-48"> + <a id="linknote-48"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 48 (<a href="#linknoteref-48">return</a>)<br /> [ Tillotson to Lady + 48 (<a href="#linknoteref-48">return</a>)<br > [ Tillotson to Lady Russell, June 23. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-49" id="linknote-49"> + <a id="linknote-49"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 49 (<a href="#linknoteref-49">return</a>)<br /> [ Birch's Life of + 49 (<a href="#linknoteref-49">return</a>)<br > [ Birch's Life of Tillotson; Memorials of Tillotson by his pupil John Beardmore; Sherlock's sermon preached in the Temple Church on the death of Queen Mary, 1694/5.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-50" id="linknote-50"> + <a id="linknote-50"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 50 (<a href="#linknoteref-50">return</a>)<br /> [ Wharton's Collectanea + 50 (<a href="#linknoteref-50">return</a>)<br > [ Wharton's Collectanea quoted in Birch's Life of Tillotson.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-51" id="linknote-51"> + <a id="linknote-51"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 51 (<a href="#linknoteref-51">return</a>)<br /> [ Wharton's Collectanea + 51 (<a href="#linknoteref-51">return</a>)<br > [ Wharton's Collectanea quoted in D'Oyly's Life of Sancroft; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-52" id="linknote-52"> + <a id="linknote-52"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 52 (<a href="#linknoteref-52">return</a>)<br /> [ The Lambeth MS. quoted in + 52 (<a href="#linknoteref-52">return</a>)<br > [ The Lambeth MS. quoted in D'Oyly's Life of Sancroft; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Vernon to Wharton, June 9. 11. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-53" id="linknote-53"> + <a id="linknote-53"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 53 (<a href="#linknoteref-53">return</a>)<br /> [ See a letter of R. + 53 (<a href="#linknoteref-53">return</a>)<br > [ See a letter of R. Nelson, dated Feb. 21. 1709/10, in the appendix to N. Marshall's Defence of our Constitution in Church and State, 1717; Hawkins's Life of Ken; Life of Ken by a Layman.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-54" id="linknote-54"> + <a id="linknote-54"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 54 (<a href="#linknoteref-54">return</a>)<br /> [ See a paper dictated by + 54 (<a href="#linknoteref-54">return</a>)<br > [ See a paper dictated by him on the 15th Nov. 1693, in Wagstaffe's letter from Suffolk.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-55" id="linknote-55"> + <a id="linknote-55"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 55 (<a href="#linknoteref-55">return</a>)<br /> [ Kettlewell's Life, iii. + 55 (<a href="#linknoteref-55">return</a>)<br > [ Kettlewell's Life, iii. 59.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-56" id="linknote-56"> + <a id="linknote-56"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 56 (<a href="#linknoteref-56">return</a>)<br /> [ See D'Oyly's Life of + 56 (<a href="#linknoteref-56">return</a>)<br > [ See D'Oyly's Life of Sancroft, Hallam's Constitutional History, and Dr. Lathbury's History of the Nonjurors.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-57" id="linknote-57"> + <a id="linknote-57"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 57 (<a href="#linknoteref-57">return</a>)<br /> [ See the autobiography of + 57 (<a href="#linknoteref-57">return</a>)<br > [ See the autobiography of his descendant and namesake the dramatist. See also Onslow's note on Burnet, ii. 76.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-58" id="linknote-58"> + <a id="linknote-58"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 58 (<a href="#linknoteref-58">return</a>)<br /> [ A vindication of their + 58 (<a href="#linknoteref-58">return</a>)<br > [ A vindication of their Majesties' authority to fill the sees of the deprived Bishops, May 20. 1691; London Gazette, April 27. and June 15. 1691; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, May 1691. Among the Tanner MSS. are two letters from Jacobites to @@ -24206,20 +23636,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of Ken by a Layman.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-59" id="linknote-59"> + <a id="linknote-59"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 59 (<a href="#linknoteref-59">return</a>)<br /> [ It does not seem quite + 59 (<a href="#linknoteref-59">return</a>)<br > [ It does not seem quite clear whether Sharp's scruple about the deprived prelates was a scruple of conscience or merely a scruple of delicacy. See his Life by his Son.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-60" id="linknote-60"> + <a id="linknote-60"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 60 (<a href="#linknoteref-60">return</a>)<br /> [ See Overall's Convocation + 60 (<a href="#linknoteref-60">return</a>)<br > [ See Overall's Convocation Book, chapter 28. Nothing can be clearer or more to the purpose than his language </p> @@ -24246,11 +23676,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger executed, but may rebel against the same, he doth greatly err."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-61" id="linknote-61"> + <a id="linknote-61"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 61 (<a href="#linknoteref-61">return</a>)<br /> [ A list of all the pieces + 61 (<a href="#linknoteref-61">return</a>)<br > [ A list of all the pieces which I have read relating to Sherlock's apostasy would fatigue the reader. I will mention a few of different kinds. Parkinson's Examination of Dr. Sherlock's Case of Allegiance, 1691; Answer to Dr. Sherlock's Case @@ -24268,7 +23698,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Tanner MSS. I will give two or three specimens of the rhymes which the Case of Allegiance called forth. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "When Eve the fruit had tasted, She to her husband hasted, And chuck'd him on the chin-a. @@ -24299,103 +23729,103 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Which nobody can deny."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-62" id="linknote-62"> + <a id="linknote-62"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 62 (<a href="#linknoteref-62">return</a>)<br /> [ The chief authority for + 62 (<a href="#linknoteref-62">return</a>)<br > [ The chief authority for this part of my history is the Life of James, particularly the highly important and interesting passage which begins at page 444. and ends at page 450. of the second volume.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-63" id="linknote-63"> + <a id="linknote-63"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 63 (<a href="#linknoteref-63">return</a>)<br /> [ Russell to William, May + 63 (<a href="#linknoteref-63">return</a>)<br > [ Russell to William, May 10 1691, in Dalrymple's Appendix, Part II. Book vii. See also the Memoirs of Sir John Leake.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-64" id="linknote-64"> + <a id="linknote-64"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 64 (<a href="#linknoteref-64">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Mar. + 64 (<a href="#linknoteref-64">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Mar. 21. 24. 1679; Grey's Debates; Observator.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-65" id="linknote-65"> + <a id="linknote-65"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 65 (<a href="#linknoteref-65">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, July 21. + 65 (<a href="#linknoteref-65">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, July 21. 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-66" id="linknote-66"> + <a id="linknote-66"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 66 (<a href="#linknoteref-66">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 449.] + 66 (<a href="#linknoteref-66">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 449.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-67" id="linknote-67"> + <a id="linknote-67"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 67 (<a href="#linknoteref-67">return</a>)<br /> [ Shadwell's Volunteers.] + 67 (<a href="#linknoteref-67">return</a>)<br > [ Shadwell's Volunteers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-68" id="linknote-68"> + <a id="linknote-68"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 68 (<a href="#linknoteref-68">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 68 (<a href="#linknoteref-68">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Proclamation of February 21. 1690/1; the London Gazette of March 12.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-69" id="linknote-69"> + <a id="linknote-69"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 69 (<a href="#linknoteref-69">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation.] + 69 (<a href="#linknoteref-69">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-70" id="linknote-70"> + <a id="linknote-70"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 70 (<a href="#linknoteref-70">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Impartial + 70 (<a href="#linknoteref-70">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Impartial History; London Gazette, Nov. 17. 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-71" id="linknote-71"> + <a id="linknote-71"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 71 (<a href="#linknoteref-71">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Impartial + 71 (<a href="#linknoteref-71">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Impartial History. The year 1684 had been considered as a time of remarkable prosperity, and the revenue from the Customs had been unusually large. But the receipt from all the ports of Ireland, during the whole year, was only a hundred and twenty-seven thousand pounds. See Clarendon's Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-72" id="linknote-72"> + <a id="linknote-72"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 72 (<a href="#linknoteref-72">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's History and + 72 (<a href="#linknoteref-72">return</a>)<br > [ Story's History and Continuation; London Gazettes of September 29. 1690, and Jan. 8. and Mar. 12. 1690/1.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-73" id="linknote-73"> + <a id="linknote-73"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 73 (<a href="#linknoteref-73">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Lords' Journals + 73 (<a href="#linknoteref-73">return</a>)<br > [ See the Lords' Journals of March 2. and 4. 1692/3 and the Commons' Journals of Dec. 16. 1693, and Jan. 29. 1695/4. The story, bad enough at best, was told by the personal and political enemies of the Lords justices with additions which the House @@ -24407,19 +23837,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger murder of the soldiers, says nothing about Gafney.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-74" id="linknote-74"> + <a id="linknote-74"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 74 (<a href="#linknoteref-74">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 66.; Leslie's + 74 (<a href="#linknoteref-74">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 66.; Leslie's Answer to King.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-75" id="linknote-75"> + <a id="linknote-75"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 75 (<a href="#linknoteref-75">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; + 75 (<a href="#linknoteref-75">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Fumeron to Louvois Jan 31/Feb 10 1691. It is to be observed that Kelly, the author of the Macariae Excidium and Fumeron, the French intendant, are most unexceptionable witnesses. They were both, at this time, within the @@ -24427,20 +23857,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Frenchman; and the Irishman was partial to his own countrymen.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-76" id="linknote-76"> + <a id="linknote-76"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 76 (<a href="#linknoteref-76">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Impartial History + 76 (<a href="#linknoteref-76">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Impartial History and Continuation and the London Gazettes of December, January, February, and March 1690/1.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-77" id="linknote-77"> + <a id="linknote-77"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 77 (<a href="#linknoteref-77">return</a>)<br /> [ It is remarkable that + 77 (<a href="#linknoteref-77">return</a>)<br > [ It is remarkable that Avaux, though a very shrewd judge of men, greatly underrated Berwick. In a letter to Louvois, dated Oct. 15/25. 1689, Avaux says: "Je ne puis m'empescher de vous dire qu'il est brave de sa personne, a ce que l'on dit @@ -24448,116 +23878,116 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger sens commun."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-78" id="linknote-78"> + <a id="linknote-78"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 78 (<a href="#linknoteref-78">return</a>)<br /> [ Leslie's Answer to King, + 78 (<a href="#linknoteref-78">return</a>)<br > [ Leslie's Answer to King, Macariae Excidium.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-79" id="linknote-79"> + <a id="linknote-79"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 79 (<a href="#linknoteref-79">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium.] + 79 (<a href="#linknoteref-79">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-80" id="linknote-80"> + <a id="linknote-80"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 80 (<a href="#linknoteref-80">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; Life + 80 (<a href="#linknoteref-80">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Life of James, ii. 422.; Memoirs of Berwick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-81" id="linknote-81"> + <a id="linknote-81"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 81 (<a href="#linknoteref-81">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium.] + 81 (<a href="#linknoteref-81">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-82" id="linknote-82"> + <a id="linknote-82"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 82 (<a href="#linknoteref-82">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 422, + 82 (<a href="#linknoteref-82">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 422, 423.; Memoires de Berwick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-83" id="linknote-83"> + <a id="linknote-83"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 83 (<a href="#linknoteref-83">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. + 83 (<a href="#linknoteref-83">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 433-457.; Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-84" id="linknote-84"> + <a id="linknote-84"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 84 (<a href="#linknoteref-84">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 438.; + 84 (<a href="#linknoteref-84">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 438.; Light to the Blind; Fumeron to Louvois, April 22/May 2 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-85" id="linknote-85"> + <a id="linknote-85"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 85 (<a href="#linknoteref-85">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; + 85 (<a href="#linknoteref-85">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Memoires de Berwick; Life of James, ii. 451, 452.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-86" id="linknote-86"> + <a id="linknote-86"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 86 (<a href="#linknoteref-86">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; + 86 (<a href="#linknoteref-86">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Burnet, ii. 78.; Dangeau; The Mercurius Reformatus, June 5. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-87" id="linknote-87"> + <a id="linknote-87"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 87 (<a href="#linknoteref-87">return</a>)<br /> [ An exact journal of the + 87 (<a href="#linknoteref-87">return</a>)<br > [ An exact journal of the victorious progress of their Majesties' forces under the command of General Ginckle this summer in Ireland, 1691; Story's Continuation; Mackay's Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-88" id="linknote-88"> + <a id="linknote-88"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 88 (<a href="#linknoteref-88">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, June 18. + 88 (<a href="#linknoteref-88">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, June 18. 22. 1691; Story's Continuation; Life of James, ii. 452. The author of the Life accuses the Governor of treachery or cowardice.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-89" id="linknote-89"> + <a id="linknote-89"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 89 (<a href="#linknoteref-89">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, June 22. + 89 (<a href="#linknoteref-89">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, June 22. 25. July 2. 1691; Story's Continuation; Exact Journal.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-90" id="linknote-90"> + <a id="linknote-90"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 90 (<a href="#linknoteref-90">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 373. + 90 (<a href="#linknoteref-90">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 373. 376. 377] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-91" id="linknote-91"> + <a id="linknote-91"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 91 (<a href="#linknoteref-91">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium. I may + 91 (<a href="#linknoteref-91">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium. I may observe that this is one of the many passages which lead me to believe the Latin text to be the original. The Latin is: "Oppidum ad Salaminium amnis latus recentibus ac sumptuosioribus aedificiis attollebatur; antiquius et @@ -24569,19 +23999,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Connaught, and the Salaminian side Leinster.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-92" id="linknote-92"> + <a id="linknote-92"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 92 (<a href="#linknoteref-92">return</a>)<br /> [ I have consulted several + 92 (<a href="#linknoteref-92">return</a>)<br > [ I have consulted several contemporary maps of Athlone. One will be found in Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-93" id="linknote-93"> + <a id="linknote-93"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 93 (<a href="#linknoteref-93">return</a>)<br /> [ Diary of the Siege of + 93 (<a href="#linknoteref-93">return</a>)<br > [ Diary of the Siege of Athlone, by an Engineer of the Army, a Witness of the Action, licensed July 11. 1691; Story's Continuation; London Gazette, July 2. 1691; Fumeron to Louvois, June 28/July 8. 1691. The account of this attack in the Life @@ -24589,11 +24019,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger taken from the King's original Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-94" id="linknote-94"> + <a id="linknote-94"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 94 (<a href="#linknoteref-94">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium. Here + 94 (<a href="#linknoteref-94">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium. Here again I think that I see clear proof that the English version of this curious work is only a bad translation from the Latin. The English merely says: "Lysander,"—Sarsfield,—"accused him, a few days before, @@ -24605,71 +24035,71 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the preterpluperfect tense, made the whole passage unmeaning.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-95" id="linknote-95"> + <a id="linknote-95"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 95 (<a href="#linknoteref-95">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 95 (<a href="#linknoteref-95">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Macariae Excidium; Daniel Macneal to Sir Arthur Rawdon, June 28. 1691, in the Rawdon Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-96" id="linknote-96"> + <a id="linknote-96"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 96 (<a href="#linknoteref-96">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, July 6. + 96 (<a href="#linknoteref-96">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, July 6. 1691; Story's Continuation; Macariae Excidium; Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-97" id="linknote-97"> + <a id="linknote-97"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 97 (<a href="#linknoteref-97">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; Light + 97 (<a href="#linknoteref-97">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-98" id="linknote-98"> + <a id="linknote-98"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 98 (<a href="#linknoteref-98">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 460.; + 98 (<a href="#linknoteref-98">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 460.; Life of William, 1702.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-99" id="linknote-99"> + <a id="linknote-99"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 99 (<a href="#linknoteref-99">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 99 (<a href="#linknoteref-99">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Mackay's Memoirs; Exact Journal; Diary of the Siege of Athlone.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-100" id="linknote-100"> + <a id="linknote-100"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 100 (<a href="#linknoteref-100">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation.; + 100 (<a href="#linknoteref-100">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation.; Macariae Excid.; Burnet, ii. 78, 79.; London Gaz. 6. 13. 1689; Fumeron to Louvois June 30/July 10 1690; Diary of the Siege of Athlone; Exact Account.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-101" id="linknote-101"> + <a id="linknote-101"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 101 (<a href="#linknoteref-101">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 101 (<a href="#linknoteref-101">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Life of James, ii. 455. Fumeron to Louvois June 30/July 10 1691; London Gazette, July 13.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-102" id="linknote-102"> + <a id="linknote-102"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 102 (<a href="#linknoteref-102">return</a>)<br /> [ The story, as told by + 102 (<a href="#linknoteref-102">return</a>)<br > [ The story, as told by the enemies of Tyrconnel, will be found in the Macariae Excidium, and in a letter written by Felix O'Neill to the Countess of Antrim on the 10th of July 1691. The letter was found on the corpse of Felix O'Neill after the @@ -24677,52 +24107,52 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger told in Berwick's Memoirs and in the Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-103" id="linknote-103"> + <a id="linknote-103"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 103 (<a href="#linknoteref-103">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; Life + 103 (<a href="#linknoteref-103">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Life of James, ii 456.; Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-104" id="linknote-104"> + <a id="linknote-104"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 104 (<a href="#linknoteref-104">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium.] + 104 (<a href="#linknoteref-104">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-105" id="linknote-105"> + <a id="linknote-105"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 105 (<a href="#linknoteref-105">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation.] + 105 (<a href="#linknoteref-105">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-106" id="linknote-106"> + <a id="linknote-106"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 106 (<a href="#linknoteref-106">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 79.; + 106 (<a href="#linknoteref-106">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 79.; Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-107" id="linknote-107"> + <a id="linknote-107"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 107 (<a href="#linknoteref-107">return</a>)<br /> [ "They maintained their + 107 (<a href="#linknoteref-107">return</a>)<br > [ "They maintained their ground much longer than they had been accustomed to do," says Burnet. "They behaved themselves like men of another nation," says Story. "The Irish were never known to fight with more resolution," says the London Gazette.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-108" id="linknote-108"> + <a id="linknote-108"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 108 (<a href="#linknoteref-108">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 108 (<a href="#linknoteref-108">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; London Gazette, July 20. 23. 1691; Memoires de Berwick; Life of James, ii. 456.; Burnet, ii. 79.; Macariae Excidium; Light to the Blind; Letter from the English camp to Sir Arthur Rawdon, in the Rawdon Papers; History of @@ -24741,92 +24171,92 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger detailed account of the battle.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-109" id="linknote-109"> + <a id="linknote-109"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 109 (<a href="#linknoteref-109">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation.] + 109 (<a href="#linknoteref-109">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-110" id="linknote-110"> + <a id="linknote-110"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 110 (<a href="#linknoteref-110">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 110 (<a href="#linknoteref-110">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Macariae Excidium; Life of James, ii. 464.; London Gazette, July 30., Aug. 17. 1691; Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-111" id="linknote-111"> + <a id="linknote-111"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 111 (<a href="#linknoteref-111">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 111 (<a href="#linknoteref-111">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Macariae Excidium; Life of James, ii. 459; London Gazette, July 30., Aug. 3. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-112" id="linknote-112"> + <a id="linknote-112"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 112 (<a href="#linknoteref-112">return</a>)<br /> [ He held this language + 112 (<a href="#linknoteref-112">return</a>)<br > [ He held this language in a letter to Louis XIV., dated the 5/15th of August. This letter, written in a hand which it is not easy to decipher, is in the French War Office. Macariae Excidium; Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-113" id="linknote-113"> + <a id="linknote-113"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 113 (<a href="#linknoteref-113">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; Life + 113 (<a href="#linknoteref-113">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Life of James, ii. 461, 462.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-114" id="linknote-114"> + <a id="linknote-114"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 114 (<a href="#linknoteref-114">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; Life + 114 (<a href="#linknoteref-114">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Life of James, ii. 459. 462.; London Gazette, Aug. 31 1691; Light to the Blind; D'Usson and Tesse to Barbesieux, Aug. 13/23.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-115" id="linknote-115"> + <a id="linknote-115"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 115 (<a href="#linknoteref-115">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 115 (<a href="#linknoteref-115">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; D'Usson and Tesse to Barbesieux Aug. 169r. An unpublished letter from Nagle to Lord Merion of Auk. 15. This letter is quoted by Mr. O'Callaghan in a note on Macariae Excidium.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-116" id="linknote-116"> + <a id="linknote-116"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 116 (<a href="#linknoteref-116">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium; + 116 (<a href="#linknoteref-116">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium; Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-117" id="linknote-117"> + <a id="linknote-117"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 117 (<a href="#linknoteref-117">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 117 (<a href="#linknoteref-117">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; London Gazette, Sept. 28. 1691; Life of James, ii. 463.; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick, 1692; Light to the Blind. In the account of the siege which is among the archives of the French War Office, it is said that the Irish cavalry behaved worse than the infantry.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-118" id="linknote-118"> + <a id="linknote-118"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 118 (<a href="#linknoteref-118">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 118 (<a href="#linknoteref-118">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Macariae Excidium; R. Douglas to Sir A. Rawdon, Sept. 25. 1691, in the Rawdon Papers; London Gazette, October 8.; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick; Light to the Blind; Account of the Siege of Limerick in the archives of @@ -24844,150 +24274,150 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger against many.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-119" id="linknote-119"> + <a id="linknote-119"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 119 (<a href="#linknoteref-119">return</a>)<br /> [ Account of the Siege of + 119 (<a href="#linknoteref-119">return</a>)<br > [ Account of the Siege of Limerick in the archives of the French War Office; Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-120" id="linknote-120"> + <a id="linknote-120"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 120 (<a href="#linknoteref-120">return</a>)<br /> [ D'Usson to Barbesieux, + 120 (<a href="#linknoteref-120">return</a>)<br > [ D'Usson to Barbesieux, Oct. 4/14. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-121" id="linknote-121"> + <a id="linknote-121"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 121 (<a href="#linknoteref-121">return</a>)<br /> [ Macariae Excidium.] + 121 (<a href="#linknoteref-121">return</a>)<br > [ Macariae Excidium.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-122" id="linknote-122"> + <a id="linknote-122"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 122 (<a href="#linknoteref-122">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 122 (<a href="#linknoteref-122">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-123" id="linknote-123"> + <a id="linknote-123"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 123 (<a href="#linknoteref-123">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Oct. S. + 123 (<a href="#linknoteref-123">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Oct. S. 1691; Story's Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-124" id="linknote-124"> + <a id="linknote-124"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 124 (<a href="#linknoteref-124">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, 464, + 124 (<a href="#linknoteref-124">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, 464, 465.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-125" id="linknote-125"> + <a id="linknote-125"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 125 (<a href="#linknoteref-125">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation.] + 125 (<a href="#linknoteref-125">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-126" id="linknote-126"> + <a id="linknote-126"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 126 (<a href="#linknoteref-126">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 126 (<a href="#linknoteref-126">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick; Burnet, ii. 81.; London Gazette, Oct. 12. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-127" id="linknote-127"> + <a id="linknote-127"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 127 (<a href="#linknoteref-127">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 127 (<a href="#linknoteref-127">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick; London Gazette, Oct. 15. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-128" id="linknote-128"> + <a id="linknote-128"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 128 (<a href="#linknoteref-128">return</a>)<br /> [ The articles of the + 128 (<a href="#linknoteref-128">return</a>)<br > [ The articles of the civil treaty have often been reprinted.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-129" id="linknote-129"> + <a id="linknote-129"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 129 (<a href="#linknoteref-129">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 129 (<a href="#linknoteref-129">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-130" id="linknote-130"> + <a id="linknote-130"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 130 (<a href="#linknoteref-130">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 130 (<a href="#linknoteref-130">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Diary of the Siege of Lymerick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-131" id="linknote-131"> + <a id="linknote-131"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 131 (<a href="#linknoteref-131">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation. + 131 (<a href="#linknoteref-131">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation. His narrative is confirmed by the testimony which an Irish Captain who was present has left us in bad Latin. "Hic apud sacrum omnes advertizantur a capellanis ire potius in Galliam."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-132" id="linknote-132"> + <a id="linknote-132"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 132 (<a href="#linknoteref-132">return</a>)<br /> [ D'Usson and Tesse to + 132 (<a href="#linknoteref-132">return</a>)<br > [ D'Usson and Tesse to Barbesieux, Oct. 17. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-133" id="linknote-133"> + <a id="linknote-133"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 133 (<a href="#linknoteref-133">return</a>)<br /> [ That there was little + 133 (<a href="#linknoteref-133">return</a>)<br > [ That there was little sympathy between the Celts of Ulster and those of the Southern Provinces is evident from the curious memorial which the agent of Baldearg O'Donnel delivered to Avaux.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-134" id="linknote-134"> + <a id="linknote-134"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 134 (<a href="#linknoteref-134">return</a>)<br /> [ Treasury Letter Book, + 134 (<a href="#linknoteref-134">return</a>)<br > [ Treasury Letter Book, June 19. 1696; Journals of the Irish House of Commons Nov. 7. 1717.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-135" id="linknote-135"> + <a id="linknote-135"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 135 (<a href="#linknoteref-135">return</a>)<br /> [ This I relate on Mr. + 135 (<a href="#linknoteref-135">return</a>)<br > [ This I relate on Mr. O'Callaghan's authority. History of the Irish Brigades Note 47.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-136" id="linknote-136"> + <a id="linknote-136"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 136 (<a href="#linknoteref-136">return</a>)<br /> [ There is, Junius wrote + 136 (<a href="#linknoteref-136">return</a>)<br > [ There is, Junius wrote eighty years after the capitulation of Limerick, "a certain family in this country on which nature seems to have entailed a hereditary baseness of disposition. As far as their history has been known, the son has regularly @@ -25004,47 +24434,47 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of his life, within a walk of Luttrellstown.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-137" id="linknote-137"> + <a id="linknote-137"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 137 (<a href="#linknoteref-137">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 137 (<a href="#linknoteref-137">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; London Gazette, Oct. 22. 1691; D'Usson and Tesse to Lewis, Oct. 4/14., and to Barbesieux, Oct. 7/17.; Light to the Blind.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-138" id="linknote-138"> + <a id="linknote-138"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 138 (<a href="#linknoteref-138">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 138 (<a href="#linknoteref-138">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; London Gazette Jan. 4. 1691/2] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-139" id="linknote-139"> + <a id="linknote-139"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 139 (<a href="#linknoteref-139">return</a>)<br /> [ Story's Continuation; + 139 (<a href="#linknoteref-139">return</a>)<br > [ Story's Continuation; Macariae Excidium, and Mr. O'Callaghan's note; London Gazette, Jan. 4. 1691/2.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-140" id="linknote-140"> + <a id="linknote-140"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 140 (<a href="#linknoteref-140">return</a>)<br /> [ Some interesting facts + 140 (<a href="#linknoteref-140">return</a>)<br > [ Some interesting facts relating to Wall, who was minister of Ferdinand the Sixth and Charles the Third, will be found in the letters of Sir Benjamin Keene and Lord Bristol, published in Coxe's Memoirs of Spain.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-141" id="linknote-141"> + <a id="linknote-141"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 141 (<a href="#linknoteref-141">return</a>)<br /> [ This is Swift's + 141 (<a href="#linknoteref-141">return</a>)<br > [ This is Swift's language, language held not once, but repeatedly and at long intervals. In the Letter on the Sacramental Test, written in 1708, he says: "If we (the clergy) were under any real fear of the Papists in this kingdom, it would @@ -25078,11 +24508,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Englishman born at Calcutta considers himself as a Hindoo.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-142" id="linknote-142"> + <a id="linknote-142"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 142 (<a href="#linknoteref-142">return</a>)<br /> [ In 1749 Lucas was the + 142 (<a href="#linknoteref-142">return</a>)<br > [ In 1749 Lucas was the idol of the democracy of his own caste. It is curious to see what was thought of him by those who were not of his own caste. One of the chief Pariah, Charles O'Connor, wrote thus: "I am by no means interested, nor is @@ -25092,11 +24522,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger liberty all to themselves.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-143" id="linknote-143"> + <a id="linknote-143"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 143 (<a href="#linknoteref-143">return</a>)<br /> [ On this subject Johnson + 143 (<a href="#linknoteref-143">return</a>)<br > [ On this subject Johnson was the most liberal politician of his time. "The Irish," he said with great warmth, "are in a most unnatural state for we see there the minority prevailing over the majority." I suspect that Alderman Beckford and @@ -25106,19 +24536,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger compliment to the liberality of the Tory Johnson.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-144" id="linknote-144"> + <a id="linknote-144"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 144 (<a href="#linknoteref-144">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Oct. + 144 (<a href="#linknoteref-144">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Oct. 22. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-145" id="linknote-145"> + <a id="linknote-145"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 145 (<a href="#linknoteref-145">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 78, 79.; + 145 (<a href="#linknoteref-145">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 78, 79.; Burchett's Memoirs of Transactions at Sea; Journal of the English and Dutch fleet in a Letter from an Officer on board the Lennox, at Torbay, licensed August 21. 1691. The writer says: "We attribute our health, under @@ -25126,28 +24556,28 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger provisions, both meat and drink."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-146" id="linknote-146"> + <a id="linknote-146"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 146 (<a href="#linknoteref-146">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' and Commons' + 146 (<a href="#linknoteref-146">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' and Commons' Journals, Oct. 22. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-147" id="linknote-147"> + <a id="linknote-147"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 147 (<a href="#linknoteref-147">return</a>)<br /> [ This appears from a + 147 (<a href="#linknoteref-147">return</a>)<br > [ This appears from a letter written by Lowther, after he became Lord Lonsdale, to his son. A copy of this letter is among the Mackintosh MSS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-148" id="linknote-148"> + <a id="linknote-148"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 148 (<a href="#linknoteref-148">return</a>)<br /> [ See Commons' Journals, + 148 (<a href="#linknoteref-148">return</a>)<br > [ See Commons' Journals, Dec. 3. 1691; and Grey's Debates. It is to be regretted that the Report of the Commissioners of Accounts has not been preserved. Lowther, in his letter to his son, alludes to the badgering of this day with great @@ -25158,36 +24588,36 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger men, to be hated by men who do it to all people in authoritie?"] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-149" id="linknote-149"> + <a id="linknote-149"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 149 (<a href="#linknoteref-149">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 149 (<a href="#linknoteref-149">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 12. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-150" id="linknote-150"> + <a id="linknote-150"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 150 (<a href="#linknoteref-150">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 150 (<a href="#linknoteref-150">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 15. 1690/1; Baden to the States General, Jan 26/Feb 5] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-151" id="linknote-151"> + <a id="linknote-151"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 151 (<a href="#linknoteref-151">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 3 W. & M. c. + 151 (<a href="#linknoteref-151">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 3 W. & M. c. 2., Lords' Journals; Lords' Journals, 16 Nov. 1691; Commons' Journals, Dec. 1. 9. 5.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-152" id="linknote-152"> + <a id="linknote-152"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 152 (<a href="#linknoteref-152">return</a>)<br /> [ The Irish Roman + 152 (<a href="#linknoteref-152">return</a>)<br > [ The Irish Roman Catholics complained, and with but too much reason, that, at a later period, the Treaty of Limerick was violated; but those very complaints are admissions that the Statute 3 W. & M. c. 2. was not a violation of the @@ -25202,18 +24632,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger violated by Stat. 3 W. & M. c. 2.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-153" id="linknote-153"> + <a id="linknote-153"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 153 (<a href="#linknoteref-153">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 21 Jac. 1. c. 3.] + 153 (<a href="#linknoteref-153">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 21 Jac. 1. c. 3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-154" id="linknote-154"> + <a id="linknote-154"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 154 (<a href="#linknoteref-154">return</a>)<br /> [ See particularly Two + 154 (<a href="#linknoteref-154">return</a>)<br > [ See particularly Two Letters by a Barrister concerning the East India Company (1676), and an Answer to the Two Letters published in the same year. See also the judgment of Lord Jeffreys concerning the Great Case of Monopolies. This @@ -25227,11 +24657,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger conclusive.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-155" id="linknote-155"> + <a id="linknote-155"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 155 (<a href="#linknoteref-155">return</a>)<br /> [ Addison's Clarinda, in + 155 (<a href="#linknoteref-155">return</a>)<br > [ Addison's Clarinda, in the week of which she kept a journal, read nothing but Aurengzebe; Spectator, 323. She dreamed that Mr. Froth lay at her feet, and called her Indamora. Her friend Miss Kitty repeated, without book, the eight best @@ -25239,126 +24669,126 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger to-morrow will repay." There are not eight finer lines in Lucretius.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-156" id="linknote-156"> + <a id="linknote-156"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 156 (<a href="#linknoteref-156">return</a>)<br /> [ A curious engraving of + 156 (<a href="#linknoteref-156">return</a>)<br > [ A curious engraving of the India House of the seventeenth century will be found in the Gentleman's Magazine for December 1784.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-157" id="linknote-157"> + <a id="linknote-157"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 157 (<a href="#linknoteref-157">return</a>)<br /> [ See Davenant's Letter + 157 (<a href="#linknoteref-157">return</a>)<br > [ See Davenant's Letter to Mulgrave.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-158" id="linknote-158"> + <a id="linknote-158"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 158 (<a href="#linknoteref-158">return</a>)<br /> [ Answer to Two Letters + 158 (<a href="#linknoteref-158">return</a>)<br > [ Answer to Two Letters concerning the East India Company, 1676.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-159" id="linknote-159"> + <a id="linknote-159"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 159 (<a href="#linknoteref-159">return</a>)<br /> [ Anderson's Dictionary; + 159 (<a href="#linknoteref-159">return</a>)<br > [ Anderson's Dictionary; G. White's Account of the Trade to the East Indies, 1691; Treatise on the East India Trade by Philopatris, 1681.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-160" id="linknote-160"> + <a id="linknote-160"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 160 (<a href="#linknoteref-160">return</a>)<br /> [ Reasons for + 160 (<a href="#linknoteref-160">return</a>)<br > [ Reasons for constituting a New East India Company in London, 1681; Some Remarks upon the Present State of the East India Company's Affairs, 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-161" id="linknote-161"> + <a id="linknote-161"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 161 (<a href="#linknoteref-161">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn, March 16. 1683] + 161 (<a href="#linknoteref-161">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn, March 16. 1683] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-162" id="linknote-162"> + <a id="linknote-162"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 162 (<a href="#linknoteref-162">return</a>)<br /> [ See the State Trials.] + 162 (<a href="#linknoteref-162">return</a>)<br > [ See the State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-163" id="linknote-163"> + <a id="linknote-163"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 163 (<a href="#linknoteref-163">return</a>)<br /> [ Pepys's Diary, April 2. + 163 (<a href="#linknoteref-163">return</a>)<br > [ Pepys's Diary, April 2. and May 10 1669.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-164" id="linknote-164"> + <a id="linknote-164"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 164 (<a href="#linknoteref-164">return</a>)<br /> [ Tench's Modest and Just + 164 (<a href="#linknoteref-164">return</a>)<br > [ Tench's Modest and Just Apology for the East India Company, 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-165" id="linknote-165"> + <a id="linknote-165"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 165 (<a href="#linknoteref-165">return</a>)<br /> [ Some Remarks on the + 165 (<a href="#linknoteref-165">return</a>)<br > [ Some Remarks on the Present State of the East India Company's Affairs, 1690; Hamilton's New Account of the East Indies.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-166" id="linknote-166"> + <a id="linknote-166"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 166 (<a href="#linknoteref-166">return</a>)<br /> [ White's Account of the + 166 (<a href="#linknoteref-166">return</a>)<br > [ White's Account of the East India Trade, 1691; Pierce Butler's Tale, 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-167" id="linknote-167"> + <a id="linknote-167"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 167 (<a href="#linknoteref-167">return</a>)<br /> [ White's Account of the + 167 (<a href="#linknoteref-167">return</a>)<br > [ White's Account of the Trade to the East Indies, 1691; Hamilton's New Account of the East Indies; Sir John Wyborne to Pepys from Bombay, Jan. 7. 1688.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-168" id="linknote-168"> + <a id="linknote-168"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 168 (<a href="#linknoteref-168">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Feb. + 168 (<a href="#linknoteref-168">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Feb. 16/26 1684.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-169" id="linknote-169"> + <a id="linknote-169"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 169 (<a href="#linknoteref-169">return</a>)<br /> [ Hamilton's New Account + 169 (<a href="#linknoteref-169">return</a>)<br > [ Hamilton's New Account of the East Indies.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-170" id="linknote-170"> + <a id="linknote-170"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 170 (<a href="#linknoteref-170">return</a>)<br /> [ Papillon was of course + 170 (<a href="#linknoteref-170">return</a>)<br > [ Papillon was of course reproached with his inconsistency. Among the pamphlets of that time is one entitled "A Treatise concerning the East India Trade, wrote at the instance of Thomas Papillon, Esquire, and in his House, and printed in the @@ -25366,124 +24796,124 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger others."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-171" id="linknote-171"> + <a id="linknote-171"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 171 (<a href="#linknoteref-171">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, June + 171 (<a href="#linknoteref-171">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, June 8. 1689.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-172" id="linknote-172"> + <a id="linknote-172"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 172 (<a href="#linknoteref-172">return</a>)<br /> [ Among the pamphlets in + 172 (<a href="#linknoteref-172">return</a>)<br > [ Among the pamphlets in which Child is most fiercely attacked are Some Remarks on the Present State of the East India Company's Affairs, 1690; fierce Butler's Tale, 1691; and White's Account of the Trade to the East Indies, 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-173" id="linknote-173"> + <a id="linknote-173"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 173 (<a href="#linknoteref-173">return</a>)<br /> [ Discourse concerning + 173 (<a href="#linknoteref-173">return</a>)<br > [ Discourse concerning the East India Trade, showing it to be unprofitable to the Kingdom, by Mr. Cary; pierce Butler's Tale, representing the State of the Wool Case, or the East India Case truly stated, 1691. Several petitions to the same effect will be found in the Journals of the House of Commons.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-174" id="linknote-174"> + <a id="linknote-174"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 174 (<a href="#linknoteref-174">return</a>)<br /> [ Reasons against + 174 (<a href="#linknoteref-174">return</a>)<br > [ Reasons against establishing an East India Company with a joint Stock, exclusive to all others, 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-175" id="linknote-175"> + <a id="linknote-175"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 175 (<a href="#linknoteref-175">return</a>)<br /> [ The engagement was + 175 (<a href="#linknoteref-175">return</a>)<br > [ The engagement was printed, and has been several times reprinted. As to Skinners' Hall, see Seymour's History of London, 1734] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-176" id="linknote-176"> + <a id="linknote-176"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 176 (<a href="#linknoteref-176">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 11. + 176 (<a href="#linknoteref-176">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 11. 1691; White's Account of the East India Trade.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-177" id="linknote-177"> + <a id="linknote-177"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 177 (<a href="#linknoteref-177">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Oct. + 177 (<a href="#linknoteref-177">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Oct. 28. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-178" id="linknote-178"> + <a id="linknote-178"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 178 (<a href="#linknoteref-178">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Oct. 29. 1691.] + 178 (<a href="#linknoteref-178">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Oct. 29. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-179" id="linknote-179"> + <a id="linknote-179"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 179 (<a href="#linknoteref-179">return</a>)<br /> [ Rowe, in the Biter, + 179 (<a href="#linknoteref-179">return</a>)<br > [ Rowe, in the Biter, which was damned, and deserved to be so, introduced an old gentleman haranguing his daughter thus: "Thou hast been bred up like a virtuous and a sober maiden; and wouldest thou take the part of a profane wretch who sold his stock out of the Old East India Company?"] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-180" id="linknote-180"> + <a id="linknote-180"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 180 (<a href="#linknoteref-180">return</a>)<br /> [ Hop to the States + 180 (<a href="#linknoteref-180">return</a>)<br > [ Hop to the States General, Oct 30/Nov. 9 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-181" id="linknote-181"> + <a id="linknote-181"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 181 (<a href="#linknoteref-181">return</a>)<br /> [ Hop mentions the length + 181 (<a href="#linknoteref-181">return</a>)<br > [ Hop mentions the length and warmth of the debates; Nov. 12/22. 1691. See the Commons' Journals, Dec. 17. and 18.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-182" id="linknote-182"> + <a id="linknote-182"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 182 (<a href="#linknoteref-182">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb + 182 (<a href="#linknoteref-182">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb 4. and 6. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-183" id="linknote-183"> + <a id="linknote-183"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 183 (<a href="#linknoteref-183">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Feb. 11. 1691.] + 183 (<a href="#linknoteref-183">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Feb. 11. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-184" id="linknote-184"> + <a id="linknote-184"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 184 (<a href="#linknoteref-184">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of this + 184 (<a href="#linknoteref-184">return</a>)<br > [ The history of this bill is to be collected from the bill itself, which is among the Archives of the Upper House, from the Journals of the two Houses during November and December 1690, and January 1691; particularly from the Commons' @@ -25491,19 +24921,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of January 20. and 28. See also Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-185" id="linknote-185"> + <a id="linknote-185"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 185 (<a href="#linknoteref-185">return</a>)<br /> [ The letter, dated + 185 (<a href="#linknoteref-185">return</a>)<br > [ The letter, dated December 1. 1691, is in the Life of James, ii. 477.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-186" id="linknote-186"> + <a id="linknote-186"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 186 (<a href="#linknoteref-186">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 85.; and + 186 (<a href="#linknoteref-186">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 85.; and Burnet MS. Harl. 6584. See also a memorial signed by Holmes, but consisting of intelligence furnished by Ferguson, among the extracts from the Nairne Papers, printed by Macpherson. It bears date October 1691. "The @@ -25513,20 +24943,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger be for foreigners to ride them with a caveson."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-187" id="linknote-187"> + <a id="linknote-187"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 187 (<a href="#linknoteref-187">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn's Diary, Jan. + 187 (<a href="#linknoteref-187">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn's Diary, Jan. 24.; Hop to States General, Jan 22/Feb 1 1691; Bader to States General, Feb. 16/26] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-188" id="linknote-188"> + <a id="linknote-188"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 188 (<a href="#linknoteref-188">return</a>)<br /> [ The words of James are + 188 (<a href="#linknoteref-188">return</a>)<br > [ The words of James are these; they were written in November 1692:—"Mes amis, l'annee passee, avoient dessein de me rappeler par le Parlement. La maniere etoit concertee; et Milord Churchill devoit proposer dans le Parlement de @@ -25589,115 +25019,115 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger believe that she kept it a secret from her adored Mrs. Freeman?] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-189" id="linknote-189"> + <a id="linknote-189"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 189 (<a href="#linknoteref-189">return</a>)<br /> [ My account of these + 189 (<a href="#linknoteref-189">return</a>)<br > [ My account of these transactions I have been forced to take from the narrative of the Duchess of Marlborough, a narrative which is to be read with constant suspicion, except when, as is often the case, she relates some instance of her own malignity and insolence.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-190" id="linknote-190"> + <a id="linknote-190"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 190 (<a href="#linknoteref-190">return</a>)<br /> [ The Duchess of + 190 (<a href="#linknoteref-190">return</a>)<br > [ The Duchess of Marlborough's Vindication; Dartmouth's Note on Burnet, ii. 92.; Verses of the Night Bellman of Piccadilly and my Lord Nottingham's Order thereupon, 1691. There is a bitter lampoon on Lady Marlborough of the same date, entitled The Universal Health, a true Union to the Queen and Princess.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-191" id="linknote-191"> + <a id="linknote-191"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 191 (<a href="#linknoteref-191">return</a>)<br /> [ It must not be supposed + 191 (<a href="#linknoteref-191">return</a>)<br > [ It must not be supposed that Anne was a reader of Shakspeare. She had no doubt, often seen the Enchanted Island. That miserable rifacimento of the Tempest was then a favourite with the town, on account of the machinery and the decorations.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-192" id="linknote-192"> + <a id="linknote-192"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 192 (<a href="#linknoteref-192">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet MS. Harl. 6584.] + 192 (<a href="#linknoteref-192">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet MS. Harl. 6584.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-193" id="linknote-193"> + <a id="linknote-193"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 193 (<a href="#linknoteref-193">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of an + 193 (<a href="#linknoteref-193">return</a>)<br > [ The history of an abortive attempt to legislate on this subject may be studied in the Commons' Journals of 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-194" id="linknote-194"> + <a id="linknote-194"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 194 (<a href="#linknoteref-194">return</a>)<br /> [ North's Examen,] + 194 (<a href="#linknoteref-194">return</a>)<br > [ North's Examen,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-195" id="linknote-195"> + <a id="linknote-195"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 195 (<a href="#linknoteref-195">return</a>)<br /> [ North's Examen; Ward's + 195 (<a href="#linknoteref-195">return</a>)<br > [ North's Examen; Ward's London Spy; Crosby's English Baptists, vol. iii. chap. 2.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-196" id="linknote-196"> + <a id="linknote-196"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 196 (<a href="#linknoteref-196">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of this + 196 (<a href="#linknoteref-196">return</a>)<br > [ The history of this part of Fuller's life I have taken from his own narrative.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-197" id="linknote-197"> + <a id="linknote-197"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 197 (<a href="#linknoteref-197">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 197 (<a href="#linknoteref-197">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 2. and 9. 1691; Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-198" id="linknote-198"> + <a id="linknote-198"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 198 (<a href="#linknoteref-198">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 198 (<a href="#linknoteref-198">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 4. 1691/2 Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-199" id="linknote-199"> + <a id="linknote-199"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 199 (<a href="#linknoteref-199">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 199 (<a href="#linknoteref-199">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 22, 23, and 24. 1691/2.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-200" id="linknote-200"> + <a id="linknote-200"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 200 (<a href="#linknoteref-200">return</a>)<br /> [ Fuller's Original + 200 (<a href="#linknoteref-200">return</a>)<br > [ Fuller's Original Letters of the late King James and others to his greatest Friends in England.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-201" id="linknote-201"> + <a id="linknote-201"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 201 (<a href="#linknoteref-201">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 86. Burnet + 201 (<a href="#linknoteref-201">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 86. Burnet had evidently forgotten what the bill contained. Ralph knew nothing about it but what he had learned from Burnet. I have scarcely seen any allusion to the subject in any of the numerous Jacobite lampoons of that day. But @@ -25731,29 +25161,29 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger must be signified in the earliest stage.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-202" id="linknote-202"> + <a id="linknote-202"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 202 (<a href="#linknoteref-202">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of these + 202 (<a href="#linknoteref-202">return</a>)<br > [ The history of these ministerial arrangements I have taken chiefly from the London Gazette of March 3. and March 7. 1691/2 and from Narcissus Luttrell's Diary for that month. Two or three slight touches are from contemporary pamphlets.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-203" id="linknote-203"> + <a id="linknote-203"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 203 (<a href="#linknoteref-203">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Melville, + 203 (<a href="#linknoteref-203">return</a>)<br > [ William to Melville, May 22. 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-204" id="linknote-204"> + <a id="linknote-204"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 204 (<a href="#linknoteref-204">return</a>)<br /> [ See the preface to the + 204 (<a href="#linknoteref-204">return</a>)<br > [ See the preface to the Leven and Melville Papers. I have given what I believe to be a true explanation of Burnet's hostility to Melville. Melville's descendant who has deserved well of all students of history by the diligence and fidelity @@ -25762,61 +25192,61 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger This accusation will surprise and amuse English High Churchmen.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-205" id="linknote-205"> + <a id="linknote-205"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 205 (<a href="#linknoteref-205">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 468, + 205 (<a href="#linknoteref-205">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 468, 469.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-206" id="linknote-206"> + <a id="linknote-206"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 206 (<a href="#linknoteref-206">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 88.; Master + 206 (<a href="#linknoteref-206">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 88.; Master of Stair to Breadalbane, Dee. 2. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-207" id="linknote-207"> + <a id="linknote-207"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 207 (<a href="#linknoteref-207">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, i. 418.] + 207 (<a href="#linknoteref-207">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, i. 418.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-208" id="linknote-208"> + <a id="linknote-208"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 208 (<a href="#linknoteref-208">return</a>)<br /> [ Crawford to Melville, + 208 (<a href="#linknoteref-208">return</a>)<br > [ Crawford to Melville, July 23. 1689; The Master of Stair to Melville, Aug. 16. 1689; Cardross to Melville, Sept. 9. 1689; Balcarras's Memoirs; Annandale's Confession, Aug. i4. 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-209" id="linknote-209"> + <a id="linknote-209"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 209 (<a href="#linknoteref-209">return</a>)<br /> [ Breadalbane to + 209 (<a href="#linknoteref-209">return</a>)<br > [ Breadalbane to Melville, Sept. 17. 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-210" id="linknote-210"> + <a id="linknote-210"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 210 (<a href="#linknoteref-210">return</a>)<br /> [ The Master of Stair to + 210 (<a href="#linknoteref-210">return</a>)<br > [ The Master of Stair to Hamilton, Aug. 17/27. 1691; Hill to Melville, June 26. 1691; The Master of Stair to Breadalbane, Aug. 24. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-211" id="linknote-211"> + <a id="linknote-211"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 211 (<a href="#linknoteref-211">return</a>)<br /> [ "The real truth is, + 211 (<a href="#linknoteref-211">return</a>)<br > [ "The real truth is, they were a branch of the Macdonalds (who were a brave courageous people always), seated among the Campbells, who (I mean the Glencoe men) are all Papists, if they have any religion, were always counted a people much @@ -25828,92 +25258,92 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger London, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-212" id="linknote-212"> + <a id="linknote-212"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 212 (<a href="#linknoteref-212">return</a>)<br /> [ Report of the + 212 (<a href="#linknoteref-212">return</a>)<br > [ Report of the Commissioners, signed at Holyrood, June 20. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-213" id="linknote-213"> + <a id="linknote-213"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 213 (<a href="#linknoteref-213">return</a>)<br /> [ Gallienus Redivivus; + 213 (<a href="#linknoteref-213">return</a>)<br > [ Gallienus Redivivus; Burnet, ii. 88.; Report of the Commission of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-214" id="linknote-214"> + <a id="linknote-214"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 214 (<a href="#linknoteref-214">return</a>)<br /> [ Report of the Glencoe + 214 (<a href="#linknoteref-214">return</a>)<br > [ Report of the Glencoe Commission, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-215" id="linknote-215"> + <a id="linknote-215"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 215 (<a href="#linknoteref-215">return</a>)<br /> [ Hill to Melville, May + 215 (<a href="#linknoteref-215">return</a>)<br > [ Hill to Melville, May 15. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-216" id="linknote-216"> + <a id="linknote-216"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 216 (<a href="#linknoteref-216">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. June 3. 1691.] + 216 (<a href="#linknoteref-216">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. June 3. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-217" id="linknote-217"> + <a id="linknote-217"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 217 (<a href="#linknoteref-217">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 8, 9.; + 217 (<a href="#linknoteref-217">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 8, 9.; Report of the Glencoe Commission. The authorities quoted in this part of the Report were the depositions of Hill, of Campbell of Ardkinglass, and of Mac Ian's two sons.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-218" id="linknote-218"> + <a id="linknote-218"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 218 (<a href="#linknoteref-218">return</a>)<br /> [ Johnson's Tour to the + 218 (<a href="#linknoteref-218">return</a>)<br > [ Johnson's Tour to the Hebrides.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-219" id="linknote-219"> + <a id="linknote-219"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 219 (<a href="#linknoteref-219">return</a>)<br /> [ Proclamation of the + 219 (<a href="#linknoteref-219">return</a>)<br > [ Proclamation of the Privy Council of Scotland, Feb. q. 1589. I give this reference on the authority of Sir Walter Scott. See the preface to the Legend of Montrose.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-220" id="linknote-220"> + <a id="linknote-220"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 220 (<a href="#linknoteref-220">return</a>)<br /> [ Johnson's Tour to the + 220 (<a href="#linknoteref-220">return</a>)<br > [ Johnson's Tour to the Hebrides.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-221" id="linknote-221"> + <a id="linknote-221"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 221 (<a href="#linknoteref-221">return</a>)<br /> [ Lockhart's Memoirs.] + 221 (<a href="#linknoteref-221">return</a>)<br > [ Lockhart's Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-222" id="linknote-222"> + <a id="linknote-222"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 222 (<a href="#linknoteref-222">return</a>)<br /> [ "What under heaven was + 222 (<a href="#linknoteref-222">return</a>)<br > [ "What under heaven was the Master's byass in this matter? I can imagine none." Impartial Account, 1695. "Nor can any man of candour and ingenuity imagine that the Earl of Stair, who had neither estate, friendship nor enmity in that country, nor @@ -25922,11 +25352,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Complete History of Europe, 1707.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-223" id="linknote-223"> + <a id="linknote-223"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 223 (<a href="#linknoteref-223">return</a>)<br /> [ Dalrymple, in his + 223 (<a href="#linknoteref-223">return</a>)<br > [ Dalrymple, in his Memoirs, relates this story, without referring to any authority. His authority probably was family tradition. That reports were current in 1692 of horrible crimes committed by the Macdonalds of Glencoe, is certain from @@ -25935,11 +25365,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger down this expression.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-224" id="linknote-224"> + <a id="linknote-224"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 224 (<a href="#linknoteref-224">return</a>)<br /> [ That the plan + 224 (<a href="#linknoteref-224">return</a>)<br > [ That the plan originally framed by the Master of Stair was such as I have represented it, is clear from parts of his letters which are quoted in the Report of 1695; and from his letters to Breadalbane of October 27., December 2., and @@ -25951,45 +25381,45 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger thousand persons."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-225" id="linknote-225"> + <a id="linknote-225"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 225 (<a href="#linknoteref-225">return</a>)<br /> [ This letter is in the + 225 (<a href="#linknoteref-225">return</a>)<br > [ This letter is in the Report of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-226" id="linknote-226"> + <a id="linknote-226"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 226 (<a href="#linknoteref-226">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, January + 226 (<a href="#linknoteref-226">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, January 14and 18. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-227" id="linknote-227"> + <a id="linknote-227"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 227 (<a href="#linknoteref-227">return</a>)<br /> [ "I could have wished + 227 (<a href="#linknoteref-227">return</a>)<br > [ "I could have wished the Macdonalds had not divided; and I am sorry that Keppoch and Mackian of Glenco are safe."—Letter of the Master of Stair to Levingstone, Jan. 9. 1691/2 quoted in the Report of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-228" id="linknote-228"> + <a id="linknote-228"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 228 (<a href="#linknoteref-228">return</a>)<br /> [ Letter of the Master of + 228 (<a href="#linknoteref-228">return</a>)<br > [ Letter of the Master of Stair to Levingstone, Jan. 11 1692, quoted in the Report of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-229" id="linknote-229"> + <a id="linknote-229"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 229 (<a href="#linknoteref-229">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, in 1693, wrote + 229 (<a href="#linknoteref-229">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, in 1693, wrote thus about William:—"He suffers matters to run till there is a great heap of papers; and then he signs them as much too fast as he was before too slow in despatching them." Burnet MS. Harl. 6584. There is no sign @@ -25999,34 +25429,34 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger attended less, and to Scotch business least of all.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-230" id="linknote-230"> + <a id="linknote-230"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 230 (<a href="#linknoteref-230">return</a>)<br /> [ Impartial Account, + 230 (<a href="#linknoteref-230">return</a>)<br > [ Impartial Account, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-231" id="linknote-231"> + <a id="linknote-231"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 231 (<a href="#linknoteref-231">return</a>)<br /> [ See his letters quoted + 231 (<a href="#linknoteref-231">return</a>)<br > [ See his letters quoted in the Report of 1695, and in the Memoirs of the Massacre of Glencoe.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-232" id="linknote-232"> + <a id="linknote-232"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 232 (<a href="#linknoteref-232">return</a>)<br /> [ Report of 1695.] + 232 (<a href="#linknoteref-232">return</a>)<br > [ Report of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-233" id="linknote-233"> + <a id="linknote-233"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 233 (<a href="#linknoteref-233">return</a>)<br /> [ Deposition of Ronald + 233 (<a href="#linknoteref-233">return</a>)<br > [ Deposition of Ronald Macdonald in the Report of 1695; Letters from the Mountains, May 17. 1773. I quote Mrs. Grant's authority only for what she herself heard and saw. Her account of the massacre was written apparently without the assistance @@ -26034,11 +25464,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger years as to the date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-234" id="linknote-234"> + <a id="linknote-234"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 234 (<a href="#linknoteref-234">return</a>)<br /> [ I have taken the + 234 (<a href="#linknoteref-234">return</a>)<br > [ I have taken the account of the Massacre of Glencoe chiefly from the Report of 1695, and from the Gallienus Redivivus. An unlearned, and indeed a learned, reader may be at a loss to guess why the Jacobites should have selected so @@ -26054,20 +25484,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Concide."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-235" id="linknote-235"> + <a id="linknote-235"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 235 (<a href="#linknoteref-235">return</a>)<br /> [ What I have called the + 235 (<a href="#linknoteref-235">return</a>)<br > [ What I have called the Whig version of the story is given, as well as the Jacobite version, in the Paris Gazette of April 7. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-236" id="linknote-236"> + <a id="linknote-236"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 236 (<a href="#linknoteref-236">return</a>)<br /> [ I believe that the + 236 (<a href="#linknoteref-236">return</a>)<br > [ I believe that the circumstances which give so peculiar a character of atrocity to the Massacre of Glencoe were first published in print by Charles Leslie in the Appendix to his answer to King. The date of Leslie's answer is 1692. But @@ -26077,55 +25507,55 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Gallienus Redivivus speedily followed.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-237" id="linknote-237"> + <a id="linknote-237"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 237 (<a href="#linknoteref-237">return</a>)<br /> [ Gallienus Redivivus.] + 237 (<a href="#linknoteref-237">return</a>)<br > [ Gallienus Redivivus.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-238" id="linknote-238"> + <a id="linknote-238"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 238 (<a href="#linknoteref-238">return</a>)<br /> [ Hickes on Burnet and + 238 (<a href="#linknoteref-238">return</a>)<br > [ Hickes on Burnet and Tillotson, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-239" id="linknote-239"> + <a id="linknote-239"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 239 (<a href="#linknoteref-239">return</a>)<br /> [ Report of 1695.] + 239 (<a href="#linknoteref-239">return</a>)<br > [ Report of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-240" id="linknote-240"> + <a id="linknote-240"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 240 (<a href="#linknoteref-240">return</a>)<br /> [ Gallienus Redivivus.] + 240 (<a href="#linknoteref-240">return</a>)<br > [ Gallienus Redivivus.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-241" id="linknote-241"> + <a id="linknote-241"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 241 (<a href="#linknoteref-241">return</a>)<br /> [ Report of 1695.] + 241 (<a href="#linknoteref-241">return</a>)<br > [ Report of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-242" id="linknote-242"> + <a id="linknote-242"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 242 (<a href="#linknoteref-242">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Mar. 7. + 242 (<a href="#linknoteref-242">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Mar. 7. 1691/2] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-243" id="linknote-243"> + <a id="linknote-243"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 243 (<a href="#linknoteref-243">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet (ii. 93.) says + 243 (<a href="#linknoteref-243">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet (ii. 93.) says that the King was not at this time informed of the intentions of the French Government. Ralph contradicts Burnet with great asperity. But that Burnet was in the right is proved beyond dispute, by William's @@ -26137,135 +25567,135 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the French translation among the Mackintosh MSS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-244" id="linknote-244"> + <a id="linknote-244"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 244 (<a href="#linknoteref-244">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 95. and + 244 (<a href="#linknoteref-244">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 95. and Onslow's note; Memoires de Saint Simon; Memoires de Dangeau.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-245" id="linknote-245"> + <a id="linknote-245"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 245 (<a href="#linknoteref-245">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James ii. 411, + 245 (<a href="#linknoteref-245">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James ii. 411, 412.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-246" id="linknote-246"> + <a id="linknote-246"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 246 (<a href="#linknoteref-246">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Dangeau; + 246 (<a href="#linknoteref-246">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Dangeau; Memoires de Saint Simon. Saint Simon was on the terrace and, young as he was, observed this singular scene with an eye which nothing escaped.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-247" id="linknote-247"> + <a id="linknote-247"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 247 (<a href="#linknoteref-247">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 247 (<a href="#linknoteref-247">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon; Burnet, ii. 95.; Guardian No. 48. See the excellent letter of Lewis to the Archbishop of Rheims, which is quoted by Voltaire in the Siecle de Louis XIV.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-248" id="linknote-248"> + <a id="linknote-248"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 248 (<a href="#linknoteref-248">return</a>)<br /> [ In the Nairne papers + 248 (<a href="#linknoteref-248">return</a>)<br > [ In the Nairne papers printed by Macpherson are two memorials from James urging Lewis to invade England. Both were written in January 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-249" id="linknote-249"> + <a id="linknote-249"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 249 (<a href="#linknoteref-249">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Feb. + 249 (<a href="#linknoteref-249">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Feb. 15. 1691/2] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-250" id="linknote-250"> + <a id="linknote-250"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 250 (<a href="#linknoteref-250">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Berwick; + 250 (<a href="#linknoteref-250">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Berwick; Burnet, ii. 92.; Life of James, ii. 478. 491.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-251" id="linknote-251"> + <a id="linknote-251"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 251 (<a href="#linknoteref-251">return</a>)<br /> [ History of the late + 251 (<a href="#linknoteref-251">return</a>)<br > [ History of the late Conspiracy, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-252" id="linknote-252"> + <a id="linknote-252"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 252 (<a href="#linknoteref-252">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 479. + 252 (<a href="#linknoteref-252">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 479. 524. Memorials furnished by Ferguson to Holmes in the Nairne Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-253" id="linknote-253"> + <a id="linknote-253"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 253 (<a href="#linknoteref-253">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. + 253 (<a href="#linknoteref-253">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 474.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-254" id="linknote-254"> + <a id="linknote-254"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 254 (<a href="#linknoteref-254">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Monthly + 254 (<a href="#linknoteref-254">return</a>)<br > [ See the Monthly Mercuries of the spring of 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-255" id="linknote-255"> + <a id="linknote-255"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 255 (<a href="#linknoteref-255">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 255 (<a href="#linknoteref-255">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary for April and May 1692; London Gazette, May 9. and 12.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-256" id="linknote-256"> + <a id="linknote-256"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 256 (<a href="#linknoteref-256">return</a>)<br /> [ Sheridan MS.; Life of + 256 (<a href="#linknoteref-256">return</a>)<br > [ Sheridan MS.; Life of James, ii. 492.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-257" id="linknote-257"> + <a id="linknote-257"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 257 (<a href="#linknoteref-257">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. + 257 (<a href="#linknoteref-257">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 488.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-258" id="linknote-258"> + <a id="linknote-258"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 258 (<a href="#linknoteref-258">return</a>)<br /> [ James told Sheridan + 258 (<a href="#linknoteref-258">return</a>)<br > [ James told Sheridan that the Declaration was written by Melfort. Sheridan MS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-259" id="linknote-259"> + <a id="linknote-259"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 259 (<a href="#linknoteref-259">return</a>)<br /> [ A Letter to a Friend + 259 (<a href="#linknoteref-259">return</a>)<br > [ A Letter to a Friend concerning a French Invasion to restore the late King James to his Throne, and what may be expected from him should he be successful in it, 1692; A second Letter to a Friend concerning a French Invasion, in which the @@ -26285,67 +25715,67 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger exposed by his enemies."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-260" id="linknote-260"> + <a id="linknote-260"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 260 (<a href="#linknoteref-260">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 260 (<a href="#linknoteref-260">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, April 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-261" id="linknote-261"> + <a id="linknote-261"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 261 (<a href="#linknoteref-261">return</a>)<br /> [ Sheridan MS.; Memoires + 261 (<a href="#linknoteref-261">return</a>)<br > [ Sheridan MS.; Memoires de Dangeau.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-262" id="linknote-262"> + <a id="linknote-262"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 262 (<a href="#linknoteref-262">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 12. + 262 (<a href="#linknoteref-262">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 12. 16. 1692; Gazette de Paris, May 31. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-263" id="linknote-263"> + <a id="linknote-263"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 263 (<a href="#linknoteref-263">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 263 (<a href="#linknoteref-263">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 28. 1692] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-264" id="linknote-264"> + <a id="linknote-264"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 264 (<a href="#linknoteref-264">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. May 2. 5. 12. + 264 (<a href="#linknoteref-264">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. May 2. 5. 12. 16.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-265" id="linknote-265"> + <a id="linknote-265"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 265 (<a href="#linknoteref-265">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 16. + 265 (<a href="#linknoteref-265">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 16. 1692; Burchett.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-266" id="linknote-266"> + <a id="linknote-266"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 266 (<a href="#linknoteref-266">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 266 (<a href="#linknoteref-266">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; London Gazette, May 19. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-267" id="linknote-267"> + <a id="linknote-267"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 267 (<a href="#linknoteref-267">return</a>)<br /> [ Russell's Letter to + 267 (<a href="#linknoteref-267">return</a>)<br > [ Russell's Letter to Nottingham, May 20. 1692, in the London Gazette of May 23.; Particulars of Another Letter from the Fleet published by authority; Burchett; Burnet, ii. 93.; Life of James, ii. 493, 494.; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; @@ -26354,19 +25784,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-268" id="linknote-268"> + <a id="linknote-268"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 268 (<a href="#linknoteref-268">return</a>)<br /> [ See Delaval's Letter to + 268 (<a href="#linknoteref-268">return</a>)<br > [ See Delaval's Letter to Nottingham, dated Cherburg, May 22., in the London Gazette of May 26.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-269" id="linknote-269"> + <a id="linknote-269"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 269 (<a href="#linknoteref-269">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gaz., May 26. + 269 (<a href="#linknoteref-269">return</a>)<br > [ London Gaz., May 26. 1692; Burchett's Memoirs of Transactions at Sea; Baden to the States General, May 24/June 3; Life of James, ii. 494; Russell's Letters in the Commons' Journals of Nov. 28. 1692; An Account of the Great Victory, 1692; @@ -26377,229 +25807,229 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger be found in M. Capefigue's Louis XIV.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-270" id="linknote-270"> + <a id="linknote-270"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 270 (<a href="#linknoteref-270">return</a>)<br /> [ An Account of the late + 270 (<a href="#linknoteref-270">return</a>)<br > [ An Account of the late Great Victory, 1692; Monthly Mercury for June; Baden to the States General, May 24/ June 3; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-271" id="linknote-271"> + <a id="linknote-271"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 271 (<a href="#linknoteref-271">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, June 2. + 271 (<a href="#linknoteref-271">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, June 2. 1692; Monthly Mercury; Baden to the States General, June 14/24. Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-272" id="linknote-272"> + <a id="linknote-272"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 272 (<a href="#linknoteref-272">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 272 (<a href="#linknoteref-272">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Monthly Mercury.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-273" id="linknote-273"> + <a id="linknote-273"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 273 (<a href="#linknoteref-273">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, June + 273 (<a href="#linknoteref-273">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, June 9.; Baden to the States General, June 7/17] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-274" id="linknote-274"> + <a id="linknote-274"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 274 (<a href="#linknoteref-274">return</a>)<br /> [ Baden to the States + 274 (<a href="#linknoteref-274">return</a>)<br > [ Baden to the States General, June. 3/13] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-275" id="linknote-275"> + <a id="linknote-275"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 275 (<a href="#linknoteref-275">return</a>)<br /> [ Baden to the States + 275 (<a href="#linknoteref-275">return</a>)<br > [ Baden to the States General, May 24/June 3; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-276" id="linknote-276"> + <a id="linknote-276"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 276 (<a href="#linknoteref-276">return</a>)<br /> [ An Account of the late + 276 (<a href="#linknoteref-276">return</a>)<br > [ An Account of the late Great Victory, 1692; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-277" id="linknote-277"> + <a id="linknote-277"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 277 (<a href="#linknoteref-277">return</a>)<br /> [ Baden to the States + 277 (<a href="#linknoteref-277">return</a>)<br > [ Baden to the States General, June 7/17. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-278" id="linknote-278"> + <a id="linknote-278"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 278 (<a href="#linknoteref-278">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 278 (<a href="#linknoteref-278">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-279" id="linknote-279"> + <a id="linknote-279"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 279 (<a href="#linknoteref-279">return</a>)<br /> [ I give one short + 279 (<a href="#linknoteref-279">return</a>)<br > [ I give one short sentence as a specimen: "O fie that ever it should be said that a clergyman have committed such durty actions!"] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-280" id="linknote-280"> + <a id="linknote-280"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 280 (<a href="#linknoteref-280">return</a>)<br /> [ Gutch, Collectanea + 280 (<a href="#linknoteref-280">return</a>)<br > [ Gutch, Collectanea Curiosa.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-281" id="linknote-281"> + <a id="linknote-281"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 281 (<a href="#linknoteref-281">return</a>)<br /> [ My account of this plot + 281 (<a href="#linknoteref-281">return</a>)<br > [ My account of this plot is chiefly taken from Sprat's Relation of the late Wicked Contrivance of Stephen Blackhead and Robert Young, 1692. There are very few better narratives in the language.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-282" id="linknote-282"> + <a id="linknote-282"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 282 (<a href="#linknoteref-282">return</a>)<br /> [ Baden to the States + 282 (<a href="#linknoteref-282">return</a>)<br > [ Baden to the States General, Feb. 14/24 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-283" id="linknote-283"> + <a id="linknote-283"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 283 (<a href="#linknoteref-283">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman, April 13. and + 283 (<a href="#linknoteref-283">return</a>)<br > [ Postman, April 13. and 20. 1700; Postboy, April 18.; Flying Post, April 20.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-284" id="linknote-284"> + <a id="linknote-284"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 284 (<a href="#linknoteref-284">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, March + 284 (<a href="#linknoteref-284">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, March 14. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-285" id="linknote-285"> + <a id="linknote-285"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 285 (<a href="#linknoteref-285">return</a>)<br /> [ The Swedes came, it is + 285 (<a href="#linknoteref-285">return</a>)<br > [ The Swedes came, it is true, but not till the campaign was over. London Gazette, Sept, 10 1691,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-286" id="linknote-286"> + <a id="linknote-286"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 286 (<a href="#linknoteref-286">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius + 286 (<a href="#linknoteref-286">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius March 14/24. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-287" id="linknote-287"> + <a id="linknote-287"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 287 (<a href="#linknoteref-287">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 287 (<a href="#linknoteref-287">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, Feb. 2/12 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-288" id="linknote-288"> + <a id="linknote-288"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 288 (<a href="#linknoteref-288">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Jan 12/22 1692.] + 288 (<a href="#linknoteref-288">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Jan 12/22 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-289" id="linknote-289"> + <a id="linknote-289"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 289 (<a href="#linknoteref-289">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Jan. 19/29. + 289 (<a href="#linknoteref-289">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Jan. 19/29. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-290" id="linknote-290"> + <a id="linknote-290"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 290 (<a href="#linknoteref-290">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 82 83.; + 290 (<a href="#linknoteref-290">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 82 83.; Correspondence of William and Heinsius, passim.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-291" id="linknote-291"> + <a id="linknote-291"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 291 (<a href="#linknoteref-291">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Torcy.] + 291 (<a href="#linknoteref-291">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Torcy.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-292" id="linknote-292"> + <a id="linknote-292"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 292 (<a href="#linknoteref-292">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 292 (<a href="#linknoteref-292">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, Oct 28/Nov 8 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-293" id="linknote-293"> + <a id="linknote-293"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 293 (<a href="#linknoteref-293">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Jan. 19/29. + 293 (<a href="#linknoteref-293">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Jan. 19/29. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-294" id="linknote-294"> + <a id="linknote-294"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 294 (<a href="#linknoteref-294">return</a>)<br /> [ His letters to Heinsius + 294 (<a href="#linknoteref-294">return</a>)<br > [ His letters to Heinsius are full of this subject.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-295" id="linknote-295"> + <a id="linknote-295"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 295 (<a href="#linknoteref-295">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Letters from + 295 (<a href="#linknoteref-295">return</a>)<br > [ See the Letters from Rome among the Nairne Papers. Those in 1692 are from Lytcott; those in 1693 from Cardinal Howard; those in 1694 from Bishop Ellis; those in 1695 from Lord Perth. They all tell the same story.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-296" id="linknote-296"> + <a id="linknote-296"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 296 (<a href="#linknoteref-296">return</a>)<br /> [ William's + 296 (<a href="#linknoteref-296">return</a>)<br > [ William's correspondence with Heinsius; London Gazette, Feb. 4. 1691. In a pasquinade published in 1693, and entitled "La Foire d'Ausbourg, Ballet Allegorique," the Elector of Saxony is introduced saying, </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Moy, je diray naivement, Qu'une jartiere d'Angleterre Feroit tout Mon empressement; @@ -26607,35 +26037,35 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Ou je trouve plus d'agrement."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-297" id="linknote-297"> + <a id="linknote-297"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 297 (<a href="#linknoteref-297">return</a>)<br /> [ William's + 297 (<a href="#linknoteref-297">return</a>)<br > [ William's correspondence with Heinsius. There is a curious account of Schoening in the Memoirs of Count Dohna.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-298" id="linknote-298"> + <a id="linknote-298"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 298 (<a href="#linknoteref-298">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 84.] + 298 (<a href="#linknoteref-298">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 84.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-299" id="linknote-299"> + <a id="linknote-299"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 299 (<a href="#linknoteref-299">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 299 (<a href="#linknoteref-299">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-300" id="linknote-300"> + <a id="linknote-300"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 300 (<a href="#linknoteref-300">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercuries of + 300 (<a href="#linknoteref-300">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercuries of January and April 1693; Burnet, ii. 84. In the Burnet MS. Hail. 6584, is a warm eulogy on the Elector of Bavaria. When the MS. was written he was allied with England against France. In the History, which was prepared for @@ -26643,79 +26073,79 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger omitted.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-301" id="linknote-301"> + <a id="linknote-301"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 301 (<a href="#linknoteref-301">return</a>)<br /> [ "Nec pluribus impar."] + 301 (<a href="#linknoteref-301">return</a>)<br > [ "Nec pluribus impar."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-302" id="linknote-302"> + <a id="linknote-302"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 302 (<a href="#linknoteref-302">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 302 (<a href="#linknoteref-302">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon; Dangeau; Racine's Letters, and Narrative entitled Relation de ce qui s'est passe au Siege de Namur; Monthly Mercury, May 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-303" id="linknote-303"> + <a id="linknote-303"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 303 (<a href="#linknoteref-303">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 303 (<a href="#linknoteref-303">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon; Racine to Boileau, May 21. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-304" id="linknote-304"> + <a id="linknote-304"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 304 (<a href="#linknoteref-304">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercury for + 304 (<a href="#linknoteref-304">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercury for June; William to Heinsius May 26/ June 5 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-305" id="linknote-305"> + <a id="linknote-305"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 305 (<a href="#linknoteref-305">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 305 (<a href="#linknoteref-305">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, May 26/June 5 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-306" id="linknote-306"> + <a id="linknote-306"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 306 (<a href="#linknoteref-306">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercuries of + 306 (<a href="#linknoteref-306">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercuries of June and July 1692; London Gazettes of June; Gazette de Paris; Memoires de Saint Simon; Journal de Dangeau; William to Heinsius, May 30/June 9 June 2/12 June 11/21; Vernon's Letters to Colt, printed in Tindal's History; Racine's Narrative, and Letters to Boileau of June 15. and 24.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-307" id="linknote-307"> + <a id="linknote-307"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 307 (<a href="#linknoteref-307">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 307 (<a href="#linknoteref-307">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-308" id="linknote-308"> + <a id="linknote-308"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 308 (<a href="#linknoteref-308">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 30. + 308 (<a href="#linknoteref-308">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 30. 1692; Memoires de Saint Simon; Journal de Dangeau; Boyer's History of William III.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-309" id="linknote-309"> + <a id="linknote-309"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 309 (<a href="#linknoteref-309">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 309 (<a href="#linknoteref-309">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon; Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV. Voltaire speaks with a contempt which is probably just of the account of this affair in the Causes Celebres. See also the Letters of Madame de Sevigne during the months of @@ -26727,27 +26157,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Luxemburg's figure.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-310" id="linknote-310"> + <a id="linknote-310"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 310 (<a href="#linknoteref-310">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 310 (<a href="#linknoteref-310">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon; Memoires de Villars; Racine to Boileau, May 21. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-311" id="linknote-311"> + <a id="linknote-311"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 311 (<a href="#linknoteref-311">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell, + 311 (<a href="#linknoteref-311">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell, April 28. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-312" id="linknote-312"> + <a id="linknote-312"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 312 (<a href="#linknoteref-312">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette Aug. 4. + 312 (<a href="#linknoteref-312">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette Aug. 4. 8. 11. 1692; Gazette de Paris, Aug. 9. 16.; Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV.; Burnet, ii. 97; Memoires de Berwick; Dykvelt's Letter to the States General dated August 4. 1692. See also the very interesting debate which @@ -26776,28 +26206,28 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger added Trim."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-313" id="linknote-313"> + <a id="linknote-313"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 313 (<a href="#linknoteref-313">return</a>)<br /> [ Voltaire, Siecle de + 313 (<a href="#linknoteref-313">return</a>)<br > [ Voltaire, Siecle de Louis XIV.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-314" id="linknote-314"> + <a id="linknote-314"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 314 (<a href="#linknoteref-314">return</a>)<br /> [ Langhorne, the chief + 314 (<a href="#linknoteref-314">return</a>)<br > [ Langhorne, the chief lay agent of the Jesuits in England, always, as he owned to Tillotson, selected tools on this principle. Burnet, i. 230.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-315" id="linknote-315"> + <a id="linknote-315"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 315 (<a href="#linknoteref-315">return</a>)<br /> [ I have taken the + 315 (<a href="#linknoteref-315">return</a>)<br > [ I have taken the history of Grandval's plot chiefly from Grandval's own confession. I have not mentioned Madame de Maintenon, because Grandval, in his confession, did not mention her. The accusation brought against her rests solely on @@ -26810,381 +26240,381 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger significant silence.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-316" id="linknote-316"> + <a id="linknote-316"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 316 (<a href="#linknoteref-316">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Oct. + 316 (<a href="#linknoteref-316">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Oct. 20. 24. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-317" id="linknote-317"> + <a id="linknote-317"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 317 (<a href="#linknoteref-317">return</a>)<br /> [ See his report in + 317 (<a href="#linknoteref-317">return</a>)<br > [ See his report in Burchett.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-318" id="linknote-318"> + <a id="linknote-318"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 318 (<a href="#linknoteref-318">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, July + 318 (<a href="#linknoteref-318">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, July 28. 1692. See the resolutions of the Council of War in Burchett. In a letter to Nottingham, dated July 10, Russell says, "Six weeks will near conclude what we call summer." Lords Journals, Dec. 19. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-319" id="linknote-319"> + <a id="linknote-319"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 319 (<a href="#linknoteref-319">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercury, Aug. + 319 (<a href="#linknoteref-319">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercury, Aug. and Sept. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-320" id="linknote-320"> + <a id="linknote-320"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 320 (<a href="#linknoteref-320">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn's Diary, July + 320 (<a href="#linknoteref-320">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn's Diary, July 25. 1692; Burnet, ii. 94, 95., and Lord Dartmouth's Note. The history of the quarrel between Russell and Nottingham will be best learned from the Parliamentary Journals and Debates of the Session of 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-321" id="linknote-321"> + <a id="linknote-321"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 321 (<a href="#linknoteref-321">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 321 (<a href="#linknoteref-321">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 19. 1692; Burnet, ii. 95.; Grey's Debates, Nov. 21. 1692; Paris Gazettes of August and September; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Sept.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-322" id="linknote-322"> + <a id="linknote-322"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 322 (<a href="#linknoteref-322">return</a>)<br /> [ See Bart's Letters of + 322 (<a href="#linknoteref-322">return</a>)<br > [ See Bart's Letters of Nobility, and the Paris Gazettes of the autumn of 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-323" id="linknote-323"> + <a id="linknote-323"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 323 (<a href="#linknoteref-323">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Du Guay + 323 (<a href="#linknoteref-323">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Du Guay Trouin.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-324" id="linknote-324"> + <a id="linknote-324"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 324 (<a href="#linknoteref-324">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Aug. + 324 (<a href="#linknoteref-324">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Aug. 11. 1692; Evelyn's Diary, Aug. 10.; Monthly Mercury for September; A Full Account of the late dreadful Earthquake at Port Royal in Jamaica, licensed Sept. 9. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-325" id="linknote-325"> + <a id="linknote-325"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 325 (<a href="#linknoteref-325">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn's Diary, June + 325 (<a href="#linknoteref-325">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn's Diary, June 25. Oct. 1. 1690; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, June 1692, May 1693; Monthly Mercury, April, May, and June 1693; Tom Brown's Description of a Country Life, 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-326" id="linknote-326"> + <a id="linknote-326"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 326 (<a href="#linknoteref-326">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 326 (<a href="#linknoteref-326">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Nov. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-327" id="linknote-327"> + <a id="linknote-327"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 327 (<a href="#linknoteref-327">return</a>)<br /> [ See, for example, the + 327 (<a href="#linknoteref-327">return</a>)<br > [ See, for example, the London Gazette of Jan. 12. 1692] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-328" id="linknote-328"> + <a id="linknote-328"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 328 (<a href="#linknoteref-328">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 328 (<a href="#linknoteref-328">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Dec. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-329" id="linknote-329"> + <a id="linknote-329"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 329 (<a href="#linknoteref-329">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Jan. 1693.] + 329 (<a href="#linknoteref-329">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Jan. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-330" id="linknote-330"> + <a id="linknote-330"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 330 (<a href="#linknoteref-330">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 330 (<a href="#linknoteref-330">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, July 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-331" id="linknote-331"> + <a id="linknote-331"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 331 (<a href="#linknoteref-331">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn's Diary, Nov. + 331 (<a href="#linknoteref-331">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn's Diary, Nov. 20. 1692: Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; London Gazette, Nov. 24.; Hop to the Greffier of the States General, Nov. 18/28] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-332" id="linknote-332"> + <a id="linknote-332"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 332 (<a href="#linknoteref-332">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Dec. + 332 (<a href="#linknoteref-332">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Dec. 19. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-333" id="linknote-333"> + <a id="linknote-333"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 333 (<a href="#linknoteref-333">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 333 (<a href="#linknoteref-333">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Dec. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-334" id="linknote-334"> + <a id="linknote-334"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 334 (<a href="#linknoteref-334">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Nov. 1692.] + 334 (<a href="#linknoteref-334">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Nov. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-335" id="linknote-335"> + <a id="linknote-335"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 335 (<a href="#linknoteref-335">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. August 1692.] + 335 (<a href="#linknoteref-335">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. August 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-336" id="linknote-336"> + <a id="linknote-336"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 336 (<a href="#linknoteref-336">return</a>)<br /> [ Hop to the Greffier of + 336 (<a href="#linknoteref-336">return</a>)<br > [ Hop to the Greffier of the States General, Dec 23/Jan 2 1693. The Dutch despatches of this year are filled with stories of robberies.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-337" id="linknote-337"> + <a id="linknote-337"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 337 (<a href="#linknoteref-337">return</a>)<br /> [ Hop to the Greffier of + 337 (<a href="#linknoteref-337">return</a>)<br > [ Hop to the Greffier of the States General, Dec 23/Jan 2 1693; Historical Records of the Queen's Bays, published by authority; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Nov. 15.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-338" id="linknote-338"> + <a id="linknote-338"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 338 (<a href="#linknoteref-338">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 338 (<a href="#linknoteref-338">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Dee. 22.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-339" id="linknote-339"> + <a id="linknote-339"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 339 (<a href="#linknoteref-339">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Dec. 1692; Hop, + 339 (<a href="#linknoteref-339">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Dec. 1692; Hop, Jan. 3/13 Hop calls Whitney, "den befaamsten roover in Engelandt."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-340" id="linknote-340"> + <a id="linknote-340"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 340 (<a href="#linknoteref-340">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette January + 340 (<a href="#linknoteref-340">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette January 2. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-341" id="linknote-341"> + <a id="linknote-341"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 341 (<a href="#linknoteref-341">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 341 (<a href="#linknoteref-341">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Jan. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-342" id="linknote-342"> + <a id="linknote-342"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 342 (<a href="#linknoteref-342">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Dec. 1692.] + 342 (<a href="#linknoteref-342">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Dec. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-343" id="linknote-343"> + <a id="linknote-343"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 343 (<a href="#linknoteref-343">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 343 (<a href="#linknoteref-343">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, January and February; Hop Jan 31/Feb 10 and Feb 3/13 1693; Letter to Secretary Trenchard, 1694; New Court Contrivances or more Sham Plots still, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-344" id="linknote-344"> + <a id="linknote-344"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 344 (<a href="#linknoteref-344">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' and Commons' + 344 (<a href="#linknoteref-344">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' and Commons' Journals, Nov. 4., Jan. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-345" id="linknote-345"> + <a id="linknote-345"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 345 (<a href="#linknoteref-345">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 345 (<a href="#linknoteref-345">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 10 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-346" id="linknote-346"> + <a id="linknote-346"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 346 (<a href="#linknoteref-346">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Lords' Journals + 346 (<a href="#linknoteref-346">return</a>)<br > [ See the Lords' Journals from Nov. 7. to Nov. 18. 1692; Burnet, ii. 102. Tindall's account of these proceedings was taken from letters addressed by Warre, Under Secretary of State, to Colt, envoy at Hanover. Letter to Mr. Secretary Trenchard, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-347" id="linknote-347"> + <a id="linknote-347"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 347 (<a href="#linknoteref-347">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Dec. + 347 (<a href="#linknoteref-347">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Dec. 7.; Tindal, from the Colt Papers; Burnet, ii. 105.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-348" id="linknote-348"> + <a id="linknote-348"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 348 (<a href="#linknoteref-348">return</a>)<br /> [ Grey's Debates, Nov. + 348 (<a href="#linknoteref-348">return</a>)<br > [ Grey's Debates, Nov. 21. and 23. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-349" id="linknote-349"> + <a id="linknote-349"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 349 (<a href="#linknoteref-349">return</a>)<br /> [ Grey's Debates, Nov. + 349 (<a href="#linknoteref-349">return</a>)<br > [ Grey's Debates, Nov. 21. 1692; Colt Papers in Tindal.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-350" id="linknote-350"> + <a id="linknote-350"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 350 (<a href="#linknoteref-350">return</a>)<br /> [ Tindal, Colt Papers; + 350 (<a href="#linknoteref-350">return</a>)<br > [ Tindal, Colt Papers; Commons' Journals, Jan. 11. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-351" id="linknote-351"> + <a id="linknote-351"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 351 (<a href="#linknoteref-351">return</a>)<br /> [ Colt Papers in Tindal; + 351 (<a href="#linknoteref-351">return</a>)<br > [ Colt Papers in Tindal; Lords' Journals from Dec. 6. to Dec. 19. 1692; inclusive,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-352" id="linknote-352"> + <a id="linknote-352"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 352 (<a href="#linknoteref-352">return</a>)<br /> [ As to the proceedings + 352 (<a href="#linknoteref-352">return</a>)<br > [ As to the proceedings of this day in the House of Commons, see the Journals, Dec. 20, and the letter of Robert Wilmot, M.P. for Derby, to his colleague Anchitel Grey, in Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-353" id="linknote-353"> + <a id="linknote-353"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 353 (<a href="#linknoteref-353">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 353 (<a href="#linknoteref-353">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 4. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-354" id="linknote-354"> + <a id="linknote-354"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 354 (<a href="#linknoteref-354">return</a>)<br /> [ Colt Papers in Tindal; + 354 (<a href="#linknoteref-354">return</a>)<br > [ Colt Papers in Tindal; Commons' Journals, Dec. 16. 1692, Jan. 11 1692; Burnet ii. 104.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-355" id="linknote-355"> + <a id="linknote-355"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 355 (<a href="#linknoteref-355">return</a>)<br /> [ The peculiar antipathy + 355 (<a href="#linknoteref-355">return</a>)<br > [ The peculiar antipathy of the English nobles to the Dutch favourites is mentioned in a highly interesting note written by Renaudot in 1698, and preserved among the Archives of the French Foreign Office.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-356" id="linknote-356"> + <a id="linknote-356"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 356 (<a href="#linknoteref-356">return</a>)<br /> [ Colt Papers in Tindal; + 356 (<a href="#linknoteref-356">return</a>)<br > [ Colt Papers in Tindal; Lords' Journals, Nov. 28. and 29. 1692, Feb. 18. and 24. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-357" id="linknote-357"> + <a id="linknote-357"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 357 (<a href="#linknoteref-357">return</a>)<br /> [ Grey's Debates, Nov 18. + 357 (<a href="#linknoteref-357">return</a>)<br > [ Grey's Debates, Nov 18. 1692; Commons' Journals, Nov. 18., Dec. 1. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-358" id="linknote-358"> + <a id="linknote-358"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 358 (<a href="#linknoteref-358">return</a>)<br /> [ See Cibber's Apology, + 358 (<a href="#linknoteref-358">return</a>)<br > [ See Cibber's Apology, and Mountford's Greenwich Park.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-359" id="linknote-359"> + <a id="linknote-359"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 359 (<a href="#linknoteref-359">return</a>)<br /> [ See Cibber's Apology, + 359 (<a href="#linknoteref-359">return</a>)<br > [ See Cibber's Apology, Tom Brown's Works, and indeed the works of every man of wit and pleasure about town.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-360" id="linknote-360"> + <a id="linknote-360"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 360 (<a href="#linknoteref-360">return</a>)<br /> [ The chief source of + 360 (<a href="#linknoteref-360">return</a>)<br > [ The chief source of information about this case is the report of the trial, which will be found in Howell's Collection. See Evelyn's Diary, February 4. 1692/3. I have taken some circumstances from Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, from a @@ -27193,55 +26623,55 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Bodleian Library.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-361" id="linknote-361"> + <a id="linknote-361"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 361 (<a href="#linknoteref-361">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 361 (<a href="#linknoteref-361">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 14. 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-362" id="linknote-362"> + <a id="linknote-362"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 362 (<a href="#linknoteref-362">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals of + 362 (<a href="#linknoteref-362">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals of the Session, particularly of Nov. 17., Dec. 10., Feb. 25., March 3.; Colt Papers in Tindal.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-363" id="linknote-363"> + <a id="linknote-363"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 363 (<a href="#linknoteref-363">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 363 (<a href="#linknoteref-363">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 10.; Tindal, Colt Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-364" id="linknote-364"> + <a id="linknote-364"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 364 (<a href="#linknoteref-364">return</a>)<br /> [ See Coke's Institutes, + 364 (<a href="#linknoteref-364">return</a>)<br > [ See Coke's Institutes, part iv. chapter 1. In 1566 a subsidy was 120,000L.; in 1598, 78,000L.; when Coke wrote his Institutes, about the end of the reign of James I. 70,000L. Clarendon tells us that, in 1640, twelve subsidies were estimated at about 600,000L.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-365" id="linknote-365"> + <a id="linknote-365"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 365 (<a href="#linknoteref-365">return</a>)<br /> [ See the old Land Tax + 365 (<a href="#linknoteref-365">return</a>)<br > [ See the old Land Tax Acts, and the debates on the Land Tax Redemption Bill of 1798.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-366" id="linknote-366"> + <a id="linknote-366"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 366 (<a href="#linknoteref-366">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals Jan. + 366 (<a href="#linknoteref-366">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals Jan. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.; Commons' Journals, Jan. 17, 18. 20. 1692; Tindal, from the Colt Papers; Burnet, ii. 104, 105. Burnet has used an incorrect expression, which Tindal, Ralph and others have copied. He says that the @@ -27252,19 +26682,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger higher rank.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-367" id="linknote-367"> + <a id="linknote-367"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 367 (<a href="#linknoteref-367">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 367 (<a href="#linknoteref-367">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 2/12. 1692,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-368" id="linknote-368"> + <a id="linknote-368"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 368 (<a href="#linknoteref-368">return</a>)<br /> [ For this account of the + 368 (<a href="#linknoteref-368">return</a>)<br > [ For this account of the origin of stockjobbing in the City of London I am chiefly indebted to a most curious periodical paper, entitled, "Collection for the Improvement of Husbandry and Trade, by J. Houghton, F.R.S." It is in fact a weekly @@ -27279,108 +26709,108 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-369" id="linknote-369"> + <a id="linknote-369"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 369 (<a href="#linknoteref-369">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals; + 369 (<a href="#linknoteref-369">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals; Stat. 4 W. & M. c. 3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-370" id="linknote-370"> + <a id="linknote-370"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 370 (<a href="#linknoteref-370">return</a>)<br /> [ See a very remarkable + 370 (<a href="#linknoteref-370">return</a>)<br > [ See a very remarkable note in Hume's History of England, Appendix III.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-371" id="linknote-371"> + <a id="linknote-371"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 371 (<a href="#linknoteref-371">return</a>)<br /> [ Wealth of Nations, book + 371 (<a href="#linknoteref-371">return</a>)<br > [ Wealth of Nations, book v. chap. iii.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-372" id="linknote-372"> + <a id="linknote-372"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 372 (<a href="#linknoteref-372">return</a>)<br /> [ Wesley was struck with + 372 (<a href="#linknoteref-372">return</a>)<br > [ Wesley was struck with this anomaly in 1745. See his Journal.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-373" id="linknote-373"> + <a id="linknote-373"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 373 (<a href="#linknoteref-373">return</a>)<br /> [ Pepys, June 10. 1668.] + 373 (<a href="#linknoteref-373">return</a>)<br > [ Pepys, June 10. 1668.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-374" id="linknote-374"> + <a id="linknote-374"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 374 (<a href="#linknoteref-374">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Politics, iv. + 374 (<a href="#linknoteref-374">return</a>)<br > [ See the Politics, iv. 13.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-375" id="linknote-375"> + <a id="linknote-375"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 375 (<a href="#linknoteref-375">return</a>)<br /> [ The bill will be found + 375 (<a href="#linknoteref-375">return</a>)<br > [ The bill will be found among the archives of the House of Lords.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-376" id="linknote-376"> + <a id="linknote-376"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 376 (<a href="#linknoteref-376">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Jan. + 376 (<a href="#linknoteref-376">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Jan. 3. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-377" id="linknote-377"> + <a id="linknote-377"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 377 (<a href="#linknoteref-377">return</a>)<br /> [ Introduction to the + 377 (<a href="#linknoteref-377">return</a>)<br > [ Introduction to the Copies and Extracts of some Letters written to and from the Earl of Danby, now Duke of Leeds, published by His Grace's Direction, 1710.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-378" id="linknote-378"> + <a id="linknote-378"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 378 (<a href="#linknoteref-378">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals; + 378 (<a href="#linknoteref-378">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals; Grey's Debates. The bill itself is among the archives of the House of Lords.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-379" id="linknote-379"> + <a id="linknote-379"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 379 (<a href="#linknoteref-379">return</a>)<br /> [ Dunton's Life and + 379 (<a href="#linknoteref-379">return</a>)<br > [ Dunton's Life and Errors; Autobiography of Edmund Bohun, privately printed in 1853. This autobiography is, in the highest degree, curious and interesting.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-380" id="linknote-380"> + <a id="linknote-380"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 380 (<a href="#linknoteref-380">return</a>)<br /> [ Vox Cleri, 1689.] + 380 (<a href="#linknoteref-380">return</a>)<br > [ Vox Cleri, 1689.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-381" id="linknote-381"> + <a id="linknote-381"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 381 (<a href="#linknoteref-381">return</a>)<br /> [ Bohun was the author of + 381 (<a href="#linknoteref-381">return</a>)<br > [ Bohun was the author of the History of the Desertion, published immediately after the Revolution. In that work he propounded his favourite theory. "For my part," he says, "I am amazed to see men scruple the submitting to the present King; for, @@ -27390,73 +26820,73 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger it, he had done no more than all other princes do on the like occasions."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-382" id="linknote-382"> + <a id="linknote-382"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 382 (<a href="#linknoteref-382">return</a>)<br /> [ Character of Edmund + 382 (<a href="#linknoteref-382">return</a>)<br > [ Character of Edmund Bohun, 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-383" id="linknote-383"> + <a id="linknote-383"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 383 (<a href="#linknoteref-383">return</a>)<br /> [ Dryden, in his Life of + 383 (<a href="#linknoteref-383">return</a>)<br > [ Dryden, in his Life of Lucian, speaks in too high terms of Blount's abilities. But Dryden's judgment was biassed; for Blount's first work was a pamphlet in defence of the Conquest of Granada.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-384" id="linknote-384"> + <a id="linknote-384"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 384 (<a href="#linknoteref-384">return</a>)<br /> [ See his Appeal from the + 384 (<a href="#linknoteref-384">return</a>)<br > [ See his Appeal from the Country to the City for the Preservation of His Majesty's Person, Liberty, Property, and the Protestant Religion.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-385" id="linknote-385"> + <a id="linknote-385"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 385 (<a href="#linknoteref-385">return</a>)<br /> [ See the article on + 385 (<a href="#linknoteref-385">return</a>)<br > [ See the article on Apollonius in Bayle's Dictionary. I say that Blount made his translation from the Latin; for his works contain abundant proofs that he was not competent to translate from the Greek.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-386" id="linknote-386"> + <a id="linknote-386"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 386 (<a href="#linknoteref-386">return</a>)<br /> [ See Gildon's edition of + 386 (<a href="#linknoteref-386">return</a>)<br > [ See Gildon's edition of Blount's Works, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-387" id="linknote-387"> + <a id="linknote-387"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 387 (<a href="#linknoteref-387">return</a>)<br /> [ Wood's Athenae + 387 (<a href="#linknoteref-387">return</a>)<br > [ Wood's Athenae Oxonienses under the name Henry Blount (Charles Blount's father); Lestrange's Observator, No. 290.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-388" id="linknote-388"> + <a id="linknote-388"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 388 (<a href="#linknoteref-388">return</a>)<br /> [ This piece was + 388 (<a href="#linknoteref-388">return</a>)<br > [ This piece was reprinted by Gildon in 1695 among Blount's Works.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-389" id="linknote-389"> + <a id="linknote-389"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 389 (<a href="#linknoteref-389">return</a>)<br /> [ That the plagiarism of + 389 (<a href="#linknoteref-389">return</a>)<br > [ That the plagiarism of Blount should have been detected by few of his contemporaries is not wonderful. But it is wonderful that in the Biographia Britannica his just Vindication should be warmly extolled, without the slightest hint that @@ -27465,11 +26895,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger without acknowledgment.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-390" id="linknote-390"> + <a id="linknote-390"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 390 (<a href="#linknoteref-390">return</a>)<br /> [ I unhesitatingly + 390 (<a href="#linknoteref-390">return</a>)<br > [ I unhesitatingly attribute this pamphlet to Blount, though it was not reprinted among his works by Gildon. If Blount did not actually write it he must certainly have superintended the writing. That two men of letters, acting without @@ -27479,60 +26909,60 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger pamphlet will appear hereafter.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-391" id="linknote-391"> + <a id="linknote-391"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 391 (<a href="#linknoteref-391">return</a>)<br /> [ Bohun's Autobiography.] + 391 (<a href="#linknoteref-391">return</a>)<br > [ Bohun's Autobiography.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-392" id="linknote-392"> + <a id="linknote-392"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 392 (<a href="#linknoteref-392">return</a>)<br /> [ Bohun's Autobiography; + 392 (<a href="#linknoteref-392">return</a>)<br > [ Bohun's Autobiography; Commons' Journals, Jan. 20. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-393" id="linknote-393"> + <a id="linknote-393"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 393 (<a href="#linknoteref-393">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Jan. 20, 21. + 393 (<a href="#linknoteref-393">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Jan. 20, 21. 1692/3] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-394" id="linknote-394"> + <a id="linknote-394"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 394 (<a href="#linknoteref-394">return</a>)<br /> [ Oldmixon; Narcissus + 394 (<a href="#linknoteref-394">return</a>)<br > [ Oldmixon; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Nov. and Dec. 1692; Burnet, ii. 334; Bohun's Autobiography.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-395" id="linknote-395"> + <a id="linknote-395"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 395 (<a href="#linknoteref-395">return</a>)<br /> [ Grey's Debates; + 395 (<a href="#linknoteref-395">return</a>)<br > [ Grey's Debates; Commons' Journals Jan. 21. 23. 1692/3.; Bohun's Autobiography; Kennet's Life and Reign of King William and Queen Mary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-396" id="linknote-396"> + <a id="linknote-396"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 396 (<a href="#linknoteref-396">return</a>)<br /> [ "Most men pitying the + 396 (<a href="#linknoteref-396">return</a>)<br > [ "Most men pitying the Bishop."—Bohun's Autobiography.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-397" id="linknote-397"> + <a id="linknote-397"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 397 (<a href="#linknoteref-397">return</a>)<br /> [ The vote of the Commons + 397 (<a href="#linknoteref-397">return</a>)<br > [ The vote of the Commons is mentioned, with much feeling in the memoirs which Burnet wrote at the time. "It look'd," he says, "somewhat extraordinary that I, who perhaps was the greatest assertor of publick liberty, from my first setting out, @@ -27544,27 +26974,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger mankind."—Burnet MS. Harl. 6584.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-398" id="linknote-398"> + <a id="linknote-398"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 398 (<a href="#linknoteref-398">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 398 (<a href="#linknoteref-398">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 27. 1692/3; Lords' Journals, Mar. 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-399" id="linknote-399"> + <a id="linknote-399"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 399 (<a href="#linknoteref-399">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, March + 399 (<a href="#linknoteref-399">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, March 8. 1692/3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-400" id="linknote-400"> + <a id="linknote-400"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 400 (<a href="#linknoteref-400">return</a>)<br /> [ In the article on + 400 (<a href="#linknoteref-400">return</a>)<br > [ In the article on Blount in the Biographia Britannica he is extolled as having borne a principal share in the emancipation of the press. But the writer was very imperfectly informed as to the facts. @@ -27585,11 +27015,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger about the death of his friend will suit either story equally.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-401" id="linknote-401"> + <a id="linknote-401"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 401 (<a href="#linknoteref-401">return</a>)<br /> [ The charges brought + 401 (<a href="#linknoteref-401">return</a>)<br > [ The charges brought against Coningsby will be found in the journals of the two Houses of the English Parliament. Those charges were, after the lapse of a quarter of a century, versified by Prior, whom Coningsby had treated with great @@ -27599,7 +27029,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger It will be seen that the poet condescended to imitate the style of the street ballads. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Of Nero tyrant, petty king, Who heretofore did reign In famed Hibernia, I will sing, @@ -27614,7 +27044,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger The story of Gaffney is then related. Coningsby's speculations are described thus: </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Vast quantities of stores did he Embezzle and purloin Of the King's stores he kept a key, @@ -27628,7 +27058,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger <p> The last charge is the favour shown the Roman Catholics: </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Nero, without the least disguise, The Papists at all times Still favour'd, and their robberies @@ -27645,27 +27075,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Still screen'd their roguery."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-402" id="linknote-402"> + <a id="linknote-402"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 402 (<a href="#linknoteref-402">return</a>)<br /> [ An Account of the + 402 (<a href="#linknoteref-402">return</a>)<br > [ An Account of the Sessions of Parliament in Ireland, 1692, London, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-403" id="linknote-403"> + <a id="linknote-403"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 403 (<a href="#linknoteref-403">return</a>)<br /> [ The Poynings Act is 10 + 403 (<a href="#linknoteref-403">return</a>)<br > [ The Poynings Act is 10 H. 7. c. 4. It was explained by another Act, 3&4P.and M.c. 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-404" id="linknote-404"> + <a id="linknote-404"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 404 (<a href="#linknoteref-404">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of this + 404 (<a href="#linknoteref-404">return</a>)<br > [ The history of this session I have taken from the journals of the Irish Lords and Commons, from the narratives laid in writing before the English Lords and Commons by members of the Parliament of Ireland and from a pamphlet entitled a @@ -27679,124 +27109,124 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the army, and in the embezzling of stores."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-405" id="linknote-405"> + <a id="linknote-405"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 405 (<a href="#linknoteref-405">return</a>)<br /> [ As to Swift's + 405 (<a href="#linknoteref-405">return</a>)<br > [ As to Swift's extraction and early life, see the Anecdotes written by himself.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-406" id="linknote-406"> + <a id="linknote-406"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 406 (<a href="#linknoteref-406">return</a>)<br /> [ Journal to Stella, + 406 (<a href="#linknoteref-406">return</a>)<br > [ Journal to Stella, Letter liii.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-407" id="linknote-407"> + <a id="linknote-407"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 407 (<a href="#linknoteref-407">return</a>)<br /> [ See Swift's Letter to + 407 (<a href="#linknoteref-407">return</a>)<br > [ See Swift's Letter to Temple of Oct. 6. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-408" id="linknote-408"> + <a id="linknote-408"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 408 (<a href="#linknoteref-408">return</a>)<br /> [ Journal to Stella, + 408 (<a href="#linknoteref-408">return</a>)<br > [ Journal to Stella, Letter xix.;] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-409" id="linknote-409"> + <a id="linknote-409"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 409 (<a href="#linknoteref-409">return</a>)<br /> [ Swift's Anecdotes.] + 409 (<a href="#linknoteref-409">return</a>)<br > [ Swift's Anecdotes.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-410" id="linknote-410"> + <a id="linknote-410"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 410 (<a href="#linknoteref-410">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, March + 410 (<a href="#linknoteref-410">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, March 27. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-411" id="linknote-411"> + <a id="linknote-411"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 411 (<a href="#linknoteref-411">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 108, and + 411 (<a href="#linknoteref-411">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 108, and Speaker Onslow's Note; Sprat's True Account of the Horrid Conspiracy; Letter to Trenchard, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-412" id="linknote-412"> + <a id="linknote-412"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 412 (<a href="#linknoteref-412">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnett, ii. 107.] + 412 (<a href="#linknoteref-412">return</a>)<br > [ Burnett, ii. 107.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-413" id="linknote-413"> + <a id="linknote-413"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 413 (<a href="#linknoteref-413">return</a>)<br /> [ These rumours are more + 413 (<a href="#linknoteref-413">return</a>)<br > [ These rumours are more than once mentioned in Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-414" id="linknote-414"> + <a id="linknote-414"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 414 (<a href="#linknoteref-414">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, March + 414 (<a href="#linknoteref-414">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, March 27. 1693; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary:] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-415" id="linknote-415"> + <a id="linknote-415"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 415 (<a href="#linknoteref-415">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnett, ii, 123.; + 415 (<a href="#linknoteref-415">return</a>)<br > [ Burnett, ii, 123.; Carstairs Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-416" id="linknote-416"> + <a id="linknote-416"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 416 (<a href="#linknoteref-416">return</a>)<br /> [ Register of the Actings + 416 (<a href="#linknoteref-416">return</a>)<br > [ Register of the Actings or Proceedings of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland held at Edinburgh, Jan. 15. 1692, collected and extracted from the Records by the Clerk thereof. This interesting record was printed for the first time in 1852.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-417" id="linknote-417"> + <a id="linknote-417"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 417 (<a href="#linknoteref-417">return</a>)<br /> [ Act. Parl. Scot., June + 417 (<a href="#linknoteref-417">return</a>)<br > [ Act. Parl. Scot., June 12. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-418" id="linknote-418"> + <a id="linknote-418"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 418 (<a href="#linknoteref-418">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. June 15. 1693.] + 418 (<a href="#linknoteref-418">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. June 15. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-419" id="linknote-419"> + <a id="linknote-419"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 419 (<a href="#linknoteref-419">return</a>)<br /> [ The editor of the + 419 (<a href="#linknoteref-419">return</a>)<br > [ The editor of the Carstairs Papers was evidently very desirous, from whatever motive, to disguise this most certain and obvious truth. He has therefore prefixed to some of Johnstone's letters descriptions which may possibly impose on @@ -27816,26 +27246,26 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Glencoe."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-420" id="linknote-420"> + <a id="linknote-420"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 420 (<a href="#linknoteref-420">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. + 420 (<a href="#linknoteref-420">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 479.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-421" id="linknote-421"> + <a id="linknote-421"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 421 (<a href="#linknoteref-421">return</a>)<br /> [ Hamilton's Zeneyde.] + 421 (<a href="#linknoteref-421">return</a>)<br > [ Hamilton's Zeneyde.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-422" id="linknote-422"> + <a id="linknote-422"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 422 (<a href="#linknoteref-422">return</a>)<br /> [ A View of the Court of + 422 (<a href="#linknoteref-422">return</a>)<br > [ A View of the Court of St. Germains from the Year 1690 to 1695, 1696; Ratio Ultima, 1697. In the Nairne Papers is a letter in which the nonjuring bishops are ordered to send a Protestant divine to Saint Germains. This letter was speedily @@ -27845,28 +27275,28 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of revocation according to the Old Style.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-423" id="linknote-423"> + <a id="linknote-423"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 423 (<a href="#linknoteref-423">return</a>)<br /> [ Ratio Ultima, 1697; + 423 (<a href="#linknoteref-423">return</a>)<br > [ Ratio Ultima, 1697; History of the late Parliament, 1699.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-424" id="linknote-424"> + <a id="linknote-424"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 424 (<a href="#linknoteref-424">return</a>)<br /> [ View of the Court of + 424 (<a href="#linknoteref-424">return</a>)<br > [ View of the Court of Saint Germains from 1690 to 1695. That Dunfermline was grossly ill used is plain even from the Memoirs of Dundee, 1714.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-425" id="linknote-425"> + <a id="linknote-425"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 425 (<a href="#linknoteref-425">return</a>)<br /> [ So early as the year + 425 (<a href="#linknoteref-425">return</a>)<br > [ So early as the year 1690, that conclave of the leading Jacobites which gave Preston his instructions made a strong representation to James on this subject. "He must overrule the bigotry of Saint Germains; and dispose their minds to @@ -27877,11 +27307,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger restore the late King James, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-426" id="linknote-426"> + <a id="linknote-426"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 426 (<a href="#linknoteref-426">return</a>)<br /> [ View of the Court of + 426 (<a href="#linknoteref-426">return</a>)<br > [ View of the Court of Saint Germains. The account given in this View is confirmed by a remarkable paper, which is among the Nairne MSS. Some of the heads of the Jacobite party in England made a representation to James, one article of @@ -27892,46 +27322,46 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger has for his Lord Chancellor."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-427" id="linknote-427"> + <a id="linknote-427"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 427 (<a href="#linknoteref-427">return</a>)<br /> [ A short and true + 427 (<a href="#linknoteref-427">return</a>)<br > [ A short and true Relation of Intrigues, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-428" id="linknote-428"> + <a id="linknote-428"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 428 (<a href="#linknoteref-428">return</a>)<br /> [ See the paper headed + 428 (<a href="#linknoteref-428">return</a>)<br > [ See the paper headed "For my Son the Prince of Wales, 1692." It is printed at the end of the Life of James.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-429" id="linknote-429"> + <a id="linknote-429"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 429 (<a href="#linknoteref-429">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, i. 683.] + 429 (<a href="#linknoteref-429">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, i. 683.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-430" id="linknote-430"> + <a id="linknote-430"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 430 (<a href="#linknoteref-430">return</a>)<br /> [ As to this change of + 430 (<a href="#linknoteref-430">return</a>)<br > [ As to this change of ministry at Saint Germains see the very curious but very confused narrative in the Life of James, ii. 498-575.; Burnet, ii. 219.; Memoires de Saint Simon; A French Conquest neither desirable nor practicable, 1693; and the Letters from the Nairne MSS. printed by Macpherson.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-431" id="linknote-431"> + <a id="linknote-431"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 431 (<a href="#linknoteref-431">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. 509. + 431 (<a href="#linknoteref-431">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 509. Bossuet's opinion will be found in the Appendix to M. Mazure's history. The Bishop sums up his arguments thus "Je dirai done volontiers aux Catholiques, s'il y en a qui n'approuvent point la declaration dont il @@ -27943,56 +27373,56 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger believe this.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-432" id="linknote-432"> + <a id="linknote-432"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 432 (<a href="#linknoteref-432">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii. + 432 (<a href="#linknoteref-432">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii. 505.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-433" id="linknote-433"> + <a id="linknote-433"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 433 (<a href="#linknoteref-433">return</a>)<br /> [ "En fin celle cy—j'entends + 433 (<a href="#linknoteref-433">return</a>)<br > [ "En fin celle cy—j'entends la declaration—n'est que pour rentrer: et l'on peut beaucoup mieux disputer des affaires des Catholiques a Whythall qu'a Saint Germain."—Mazure, Appendix.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-434" id="linknote-434"> + <a id="linknote-434"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 434 (<a href="#linknoteref-434">return</a>)<br /> [ Baden to the States + 434 (<a href="#linknoteref-434">return</a>)<br > [ Baden to the States General, June 2/12 1693. Four thousand copies, wet from the press, were found in this house.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-435" id="linknote-435"> + <a id="linknote-435"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 435 (<a href="#linknoteref-435">return</a>)<br /> [ Baden's Letters to the + 435 (<a href="#linknoteref-435">return</a>)<br > [ Baden's Letters to the States General of May and June 1693; An Answer to the Late King James's Declaration published at Saint Germains, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-436" id="linknote-436"> + <a id="linknote-436"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 436 (<a href="#linknoteref-436">return</a>)<br /> [ James, ii. 514. I am + 436 (<a href="#linknoteref-436">return</a>)<br > [ James, ii. 514. I am unwilling to believe that Ken was among those who blamed the Declaration of 1693 as too merciful.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-437" id="linknote-437"> + <a id="linknote-437"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 437 (<a href="#linknoteref-437">return</a>)<br /> [ Among the Nairne Papers + 437 (<a href="#linknoteref-437">return</a>)<br > [ Among the Nairne Papers is a letter sent on this occasion by Middleton to Macarthy, who was then serving in Germany. Middleton tries to soothe Macarthy and to induce Macarthy to soothe others. Nothing more disingenuous was ever written by a @@ -28018,28 +27448,28 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger short and true Relation of the Intrigues, &c., 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-438" id="linknote-438"> + <a id="linknote-438"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 438 (<a href="#linknoteref-438">return</a>)<br /> [ The edict of creation + 438 (<a href="#linknoteref-438">return</a>)<br > [ The edict of creation was registered by the Parliament of Paris on the 10th of April 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-439" id="linknote-439"> + <a id="linknote-439"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 439 (<a href="#linknoteref-439">return</a>)<br /> [ The letter is dated the + 439 (<a href="#linknoteref-439">return</a>)<br > [ The letter is dated the 19th of April 1693. It is among the Nairne MSS., and was printed by Macpherson.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-440" id="linknote-440"> + <a id="linknote-440"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 440 (<a href="#linknoteref-440">return</a>)<br /> [ "Il ne me plait + 440 (<a href="#linknoteref-440">return</a>)<br > [ "Il ne me plait nullement que M. Middleton est alle en France. Ce n'est pas un homme qui voudroit faire un tel pas sans quelque chose d'importance, et de bien concerte, sur quoy j'ay fait beaucoup de reflections que je reserve a vous @@ -28047,65 +27477,65 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 18/28 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-441" id="linknote-441"> + <a id="linknote-441"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 441 (<a href="#linknoteref-441">return</a>)<br /> [ The best account of + 441 (<a href="#linknoteref-441">return</a>)<br > [ The best account of William's labours and anxieties at this time is contained in his letters to Heinsius—particularly the letters of May 1. 9. and 30. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-442" id="linknote-442"> + <a id="linknote-442"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 442 (<a href="#linknoteref-442">return</a>)<br /> [ He speaks very + 442 (<a href="#linknoteref-442">return</a>)<br > [ He speaks very despondingly in his letter to Heinsius of the 30th of May, Saint Simon says: "On a su depuis que le Prince d'Orange ecrivit plusieurs fois au prince de Vaudmont son ami intime, qu'il etait perdu et qu'il n'y avait - que par un miracle qu'il pût echapper."] + que par un miracle qu'il pût echapper."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-443" id="linknote-443"> + <a id="linknote-443"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 443 (<a href="#linknoteref-443">return</a>)<br /> [ Saint Simon; Monthly + 443 (<a href="#linknoteref-443">return</a>)<br > [ Saint Simon; Monthly Mercury, June 1693; Burnet, ii. 111.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-444" id="linknote-444"> + <a id="linknote-444"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 444 (<a href="#linknoteref-444">return</a>)<br /> [ Memoires de Saint + 444 (<a href="#linknoteref-444">return</a>)<br > [ Memoires de Saint Simon; Burnet, i. 404.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-445" id="linknote-445"> + <a id="linknote-445"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 445 (<a href="#linknoteref-445">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 445 (<a href="#linknoteref-445">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, July. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-446" id="linknote-446"> + <a id="linknote-446"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 446 (<a href="#linknoteref-446">return</a>)<br /> [ Saint Simon's words are + 446 (<a href="#linknoteref-446">return</a>)<br > [ Saint Simon's words are remarkable. "Leur cavalerie," he says, "y fit d'abord plier des troupes d'elite jusqu'alors invincibles." He adds, "Les gardes du Prince d'Orange, ceux de M. de Vaudemont, et deux regimens Anglais en eurent l'honneur."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-447" id="linknote-447"> + <a id="linknote-447"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 447 (<a href="#linknoteref-447">return</a>)<br /> [ Berwick; Saint Simon; + 447 (<a href="#linknoteref-447">return</a>)<br > [ Berwick; Saint Simon; Burnet, i. 112, 113.; Feuquieres; London Gazette, July 27. 31. Aug. 3. 1693; French Official Relation; Relation sent by the King of Great Britain to their High Mightinesses, Aug. 2. 1693; Extract of a Letter from the @@ -28121,73 +27551,73 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger on the field, and was nursed by the Beguine.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-448" id="linknote-448"> + <a id="linknote-448"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 448 (<a href="#linknoteref-448">return</a>)<br /> [ Letter from Lord Perth + 448 (<a href="#linknoteref-448">return</a>)<br > [ Letter from Lord Perth to his sister, June 17. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-449" id="linknote-449"> + <a id="linknote-449"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 449 (<a href="#linknoteref-449">return</a>)<br /> [ Saint Simon mentions + 449 (<a href="#linknoteref-449">return</a>)<br > [ Saint Simon mentions the reflections thrown on the Marshal. Feuquieres, a very good judge, tells us that Luxemburg was unjustly blamed, and that the French army was really too much crippled by its losses to improve the victory.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-450" id="linknote-450"> + <a id="linknote-450"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 450 (<a href="#linknoteref-450">return</a>)<br /> [ This account of what + 450 (<a href="#linknoteref-450">return</a>)<br > [ This account of what would have taken place, if Luxemburg had been able and willing to improve his victory, I have taken from what seems to have been a very manly and sensible speech made by Talmash in the House of Commons on the 11th of December following. See Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-451" id="linknote-451"> + <a id="linknote-451"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 451 (<a href="#linknoteref-451">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 451 (<a href="#linknoteref-451">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, July 20/30. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-452" id="linknote-452"> + <a id="linknote-452"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 452 (<a href="#linknoteref-452">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Portland, + 452 (<a href="#linknoteref-452">return</a>)<br > [ William to Portland, July 21/31. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-453" id="linknote-453"> + <a id="linknote-453"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 453 (<a href="#linknoteref-453">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 453 (<a href="#linknoteref-453">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 24., May 15. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-454" id="linknote-454"> + <a id="linknote-454"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 454 (<a href="#linknoteref-454">return</a>)<br /> [ Burchett's Memoirs of + 454 (<a href="#linknoteref-454">return</a>)<br > [ Burchett's Memoirs of Transactions at Sea; Burnet, ii. 114, 115, 116.; the London Gazette, July 17. 1693; Monthly Mercury of July; Letter from Cadiz, dated July 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-455" id="linknote-455"> + <a id="linknote-455"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 455 (<a href="#linknoteref-455">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 455 (<a href="#linknoteref-455">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Baden to the States General, Jul 14/24, July 25/Aug 4. Among the Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian Library are letters describing the agitation in the City. "I wish," says one of Sancroft's Jacobite correspondents, "it @@ -28196,11 +27626,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger and good humour."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-456" id="linknote-456"> + <a id="linknote-456"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 456 (<a href="#linknoteref-456">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, August + 456 (<a href="#linknoteref-456">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, August 21 1693; L'Hermitage to the States General, July 28/Aug 7 As I shall, in this and the following chapters, make large use of the despatches of L'Hermitage, it may be proper to say something about him. He was a French @@ -28227,57 +27657,57 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger noble collection of Archives at the Hague.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-457" id="linknote-457"> + <a id="linknote-457"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 457 (<a href="#linknoteref-457">return</a>)<br /> [ It is strange that the + 457 (<a href="#linknoteref-457">return</a>)<br > [ It is strange that the indictment should not have been printed in Howell's State Trials. The copy which is before me was made for Sir James Mackintosh.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-458" id="linknote-458"> + <a id="linknote-458"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 458 (<a href="#linknoteref-458">return</a>)<br /> [ Most of the information + 458 (<a href="#linknoteref-458">return</a>)<br > [ Most of the information which has come down to us about Anderton's case will be found in Howell's State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-459" id="linknote-459"> + <a id="linknote-459"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 459 (<a href="#linknoteref-459">return</a>)<br /> [ The Remarks are extant, + 459 (<a href="#linknoteref-459">return</a>)<br > [ The Remarks are extant, and deserve to be read.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-460" id="linknote-460"> + <a id="linknote-460"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 460 (<a href="#linknoteref-460">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 460 (<a href="#linknoteref-460">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-461" id="linknote-461"> + <a id="linknote-461"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 461 (<a href="#linknoteref-461">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 461 (<a href="#linknoteref-461">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-462" id="linknote-462"> + <a id="linknote-462"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 462 (<a href="#linknoteref-462">return</a>)<br /> [ There are still extant + 462 (<a href="#linknoteref-462">return</a>)<br > [ There are still extant a handbill addressed to All Gentlemen Seamen that are weary of their Lives; and a ballad accusing the King and Queen of cruelty to the sailors. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "To robbers, thieves, and felons, they Freely grant pardons every day. Only poor seamen, who alone @@ -28288,27 +27718,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Narcissus Luttrell gives an account of the scene at Whitehall.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-463" id="linknote-463"> + <a id="linknote-463"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 463 (<a href="#linknoteref-463">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Sept. + 463 (<a href="#linknoteref-463">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Sept. 5/15. 1693; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-464" id="linknote-464"> + <a id="linknote-464"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 464 (<a href="#linknoteref-464">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 464 (<a href="#linknoteref-464">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-465" id="linknote-465"> + <a id="linknote-465"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 465 (<a href="#linknoteref-465">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 465 (<a href="#linknoteref-465">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary. In a pamphlet published at this time, and entitled A Dialogue between Whig and Tory, the Whig alludes to "the public insolences at the Bath upon the late defeat in Flanders." The Tory answers, "I know not what @@ -28317,11 +27747,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger erroneously said to have been printed about November 1692.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-466" id="linknote-466"> + <a id="linknote-466"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 466 (<a href="#linknoteref-466">return</a>)<br /> [ The Paper to which I + 466 (<a href="#linknoteref-466">return</a>)<br > [ The Paper to which I refer is among the Nairne MSS., and will be found in Macpherson's collection. That excellent writer Mr. Hallam has, on this subject, fallen into an error of a kind very rare with him. He says that the name of @@ -28345,93 +27775,93 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger assurances were ever received from Caermarthen.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-467" id="linknote-467"> + <a id="linknote-467"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 467 (<a href="#linknoteref-467">return</a>)<br /> [ A Journal of several + 467 (<a href="#linknoteref-467">return</a>)<br > [ A Journal of several Remarkable Passages relating to the East India Trade, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-468" id="linknote-468"> + <a id="linknote-468"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 468 (<a href="#linknoteref-468">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Monthly + 468 (<a href="#linknoteref-468">return</a>)<br > [ See the Monthly Mercuries and London Gazettes of September, October, November and December 1693; Dangeau, Sept. 5. 27., Oct. 21., Nov. 21.; the Price of the Abdication, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-469" id="linknote-469"> + <a id="linknote-469"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 469 (<a href="#linknoteref-469">return</a>)<br /> [ Correspondence of + 469 (<a href="#linknoteref-469">return</a>)<br > [ Correspondence of William and Heinsius; Danish Note, dated Dec 11/21 1693. The note delivered by Avaux to the Swedish government at this time will be found in Lamberty's Collection and in the Memoires et Negotiations de la Paix de Ryswick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-470" id="linknote-470"> + <a id="linknote-470"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 470 (<a href="#linknoteref-470">return</a>)<br /> [ "Sir John Lowther says, + 470 (<a href="#linknoteref-470">return</a>)<br > [ "Sir John Lowther says, nobody can know one day what a House of Commons would do the next; in which all agreed with him." These remarkable words were written by Caermarthen on the margin of a paper drawn up by Rochester in August 1692. Dalrymple, Appendix to part ii. chap. 7.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-471" id="linknote-471"> + <a id="linknote-471"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 471 (<a href="#linknoteref-471">return</a>)<br /> [ See Sunderland's + 471 (<a href="#linknoteref-471">return</a>)<br > [ See Sunderland's celebrated Narrative which has often been printed, and his wife's letters, which are among the Sidney papers, published by the late Serjeant Blencowe.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-472" id="linknote-472"> + <a id="linknote-472"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 472 (<a href="#linknoteref-472">return</a>)<br /> [ Van Citters, May 6/16. + 472 (<a href="#linknoteref-472">return</a>)<br > [ Van Citters, May 6/16. 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-473" id="linknote-473"> + <a id="linknote-473"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 473 (<a href="#linknoteref-473">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn, April 24. + 473 (<a href="#linknoteref-473">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn, April 24. 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-474" id="linknote-474"> + <a id="linknote-474"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 474 (<a href="#linknoteref-474">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, April + 474 (<a href="#linknoteref-474">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, April 28. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-475" id="linknote-475"> + <a id="linknote-475"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 475 (<a href="#linknoteref-475">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Sept. + 475 (<a href="#linknoteref-475">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Sept. 19/29, Oct 2/12 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-476" id="linknote-476"> + <a id="linknote-476"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 476 (<a href="#linknoteref-476">return</a>)<br /> [ It is amusing to see + 476 (<a href="#linknoteref-476">return</a>)<br > [ It is amusing to see how Johnson's Toryism breaks out where we should hardly expect to find it. Hastings says, in the Third Part of Henry the Sixth, </p> @@ -28444,11 +27874,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger any age, understood and favoured the interest of England."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-477" id="linknote-477"> + <a id="linknote-477"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 477 (<a href="#linknoteref-477">return</a>)<br /> [ Swift, in his Inquiry + 477 (<a href="#linknoteref-477">return</a>)<br > [ Swift, in his Inquiry into the Behaviour of the Queen's last Ministry, mentions Somers as a person of great abilities, who used to talk in so frank a manner that he seemed to discover the bottom of his heart. In the Memoirs relating to the @@ -28467,11 +27897,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger practised towards Locke or Addison.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-478" id="linknote-478"> + <a id="linknote-478"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 478 (<a href="#linknoteref-478">return</a>)<br /> [ The eulogies on Somers + 478 (<a href="#linknoteref-478">return</a>)<br > [ The eulogies on Somers and the invectives against him are innumerable. Perhaps the best way to come to a just judgment would be to collect all that has been said about him by Swift and by Addison. They were the two keenest observers of their @@ -28488,47 +27918,47 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger except virtue."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-479" id="linknote-479"> + <a id="linknote-479"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 479 (<a href="#linknoteref-479">return</a>)<br /> [ See Whiston's + 479 (<a href="#linknoteref-479">return</a>)<br > [ See Whiston's Autobiography.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-480" id="linknote-480"> + <a id="linknote-480"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 480 (<a href="#linknoteref-480">return</a>)<br /> [ Swift's note on + 480 (<a href="#linknoteref-480">return</a>)<br > [ Swift's note on Mackay's Character of Wharton.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-481" id="linknote-481"> + <a id="linknote-481"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 481 (<a href="#linknoteref-481">return</a>)<br /> [ This account of + 481 (<a href="#linknoteref-481">return</a>)<br > [ This account of Montague and Wharton I have collected from innumerable sources. I ought, however, to mention particularly the very curious Life of Wharton published immediately after his death.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-482" id="linknote-482"> + <a id="linknote-482"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 482 (<a href="#linknoteref-482">return</a>)<br /> [ Much of my information + 482 (<a href="#linknoteref-482">return</a>)<br > [ Much of my information about the Harleys I have derived from unpublished memoirs written by Edward Harley, younger brother of Robert. A copy of these memoirs is among the Mackintosh MSS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-483" id="linknote-483"> + <a id="linknote-483"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 483 (<a href="#linknoteref-483">return</a>)<br /> [ The only writer who has + 483 (<a href="#linknoteref-483">return</a>)<br > [ The only writer who has praised Harley's oratory, as far as I remember, is Mackay, who calls him eloquent. Swift scribbled in the margin, "A great lie." And certainly Swift was inclined to do more than justice to Harley. "That lord," said @@ -28537,18 +27967,18 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger way; for he always began in the middle."—Spence's Anecdotes.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-484" id="linknote-484"> + <a id="linknote-484"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 484 (<a href="#linknoteref-484">return</a>)<br /> [ "He used," said Pope, + 484 (<a href="#linknoteref-484">return</a>)<br > [ "He used," said Pope, "to send trifling verses from Court to the Scriblerus Club almost every day, and would come and talk idly with them almost every night even when his all was at stake." Some specimens of Harley's poetry are in print. The best, I think, is a stanza which he made on his own fall in 1714; and bad is the best. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "To serve with love, And shed your blood, Approved is above; @@ -28557,22 +27987,22 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 'Tis fatal to be good."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-485" id="linknote-485"> + <a id="linknote-485"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 485 (<a href="#linknoteref-485">return</a>)<br /> [ The character of Harley + 485 (<a href="#linknoteref-485">return</a>)<br > [ The character of Harley is to be collected from innumerable panegyrics and lampoons; from the works and the private correspondence of Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, Prior and Bolingbroke, and from multitudes of such works as Ox and Bull, the High German Doctor, and The History of Robert Powell the Puppet Showman.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-486" id="linknote-486"> + <a id="linknote-486"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 486 (<a href="#linknoteref-486">return</a>)<br /> [ In a letter dated Sept. + 486 (<a href="#linknoteref-486">return</a>)<br > [ In a letter dated Sept. 12. 1709 a short time before he was brought into power on the shoulders of the High Church mob, he says: "My soul has been among Lyons, even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, and their tongues sharp swords. @@ -28581,11 +28011,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger canted thus if he had been writing to Atterbury.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-487" id="linknote-487"> + <a id="linknote-487"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 487 (<a href="#linknoteref-487">return</a>)<br /> [ The anomalous position + 487 (<a href="#linknoteref-487">return</a>)<br > [ The anomalous position which Harley and Foley at this time occupied is noticed in the Dialogue between a Whig and a Tory, 1693. "Your great P. Fo-y," says the Tory, "turns cadet and carries arms under the General of the West Saxons. The @@ -28595,99 +28025,99 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Lieutenant of the Ordnance in the reign of Charles the Second.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-488" id="linknote-488"> + <a id="linknote-488"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 488 (<a href="#linknoteref-488">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' and Commons' + 488 (<a href="#linknoteref-488">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' and Commons' Journals, Nov. 7. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-489" id="linknote-489"> + <a id="linknote-489"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 489 (<a href="#linknoteref-489">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 489 (<a href="#linknoteref-489">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 13. 1693; Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-490" id="linknote-490"> + <a id="linknote-490"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 490 (<a href="#linknoteref-490">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 490 (<a href="#linknoteref-490">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 17. 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-491" id="linknote-491"> + <a id="linknote-491"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 491 (<a href="#linknoteref-491">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Nov. 22. 27. + 491 (<a href="#linknoteref-491">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Nov. 22. 27. 1693; Grey's Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-492" id="linknote-492"> + <a id="linknote-492"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 492 (<a href="#linknoteref-492">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 492 (<a href="#linknoteref-492">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 29. Dec. 6. 1693; L'Hermitage, Dec. 1/11 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-493" id="linknote-493"> + <a id="linknote-493"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 493 (<a href="#linknoteref-493">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Sept. + 493 (<a href="#linknoteref-493">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Sept. 1/11. Nov. 7/17 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-494" id="linknote-494"> + <a id="linknote-494"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 494 (<a href="#linknoteref-494">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Journal to + 494 (<a href="#linknoteref-494">return</a>)<br > [ See the Journal to Stella, lii. liii. lix. lxi.; and Lady Orkney's Letters to Swift.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-495" id="linknote-495"> + <a id="linknote-495"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 495 (<a href="#linknoteref-495">return</a>)<br /> [ See the letters written + 495 (<a href="#linknoteref-495">return</a>)<br > [ See the letters written at this time by Elizabeth Villiers, Wharton, Russell and Shrewsbury, in the Shrewsbury Correspondence.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-496" id="linknote-496"> + <a id="linknote-496"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 496 (<a href="#linknoteref-496">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 496 (<a href="#linknoteref-496">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 6. 8. 1693/4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-497" id="linknote-497"> + <a id="linknote-497"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 497 (<a href="#linknoteref-497">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Jan. 19. 1693/4] + 497 (<a href="#linknoteref-497">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Jan. 19. 1693/4] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-498" id="linknote-498"> + <a id="linknote-498"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 498 (<a href="#linknoteref-498">return</a>)<br /> [ Hamilton's New + 498 (<a href="#linknoteref-498">return</a>)<br > [ Hamilton's New Account.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-499" id="linknote-499"> + <a id="linknote-499"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 499 (<a href="#linknoteref-499">return</a>)<br /> [ The bill I found in the + 499 (<a href="#linknoteref-499">return</a>)<br > [ The bill I found in the Archives of the Lords. Its history I learned from the journals of the two Houses, from a passage in the Diary of Narcissus Luttrell, and from two letters to the States General, both dated on Feb 27/March 9 1694 the day @@ -28695,11 +28125,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the other, which contains fuller information, is from L'Hermitage.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-500" id="linknote-500"> + <a id="linknote-500"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 500 (<a href="#linknoteref-500">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 500 (<a href="#linknoteref-500">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 28. 1693; Grey's Debates. L'Hermitage expected that the bill would pas;, and that the royal assent would not be withheld. On November. he wrote to the States General, "Il paroist dans toute la chambre beaucoup de passion @@ -28712,11 +28142,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger celebrated Hush Money pamphlet of that year.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-501" id="linknote-501"> + <a id="linknote-501"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 501 (<a href="#linknoteref-501">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals; + 501 (<a href="#linknoteref-501">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals; Grey's Debates. The engrossed copy of this Bill went down to the House of Commons and is lost. The original draught on paper is among the Archives of the Lords. That Monmouth brought in the bill I learned from a letter of @@ -28726,11 +28156,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 172.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-502" id="linknote-502"> + <a id="linknote-502"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 502 (<a href="#linknoteref-502">return</a>)<br /> [ The bill is in the + 502 (<a href="#linknoteref-502">return</a>)<br > [ The bill is in the Archives of the Lords. Its history I have collected from the journals, from Grey's Debates, and from the highly interesting letters of Van Citters and L'Hermitage. I think it clear from Grey's Debates that a @@ -28738,27 +28168,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Sir Thomas Littleton.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-503" id="linknote-503"> + <a id="linknote-503"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 503 (<a href="#linknoteref-503">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 503 (<a href="#linknoteref-503">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, September 1691.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-504" id="linknote-504"> + <a id="linknote-504"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 504 (<a href="#linknoteref-504">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 504 (<a href="#linknoteref-504">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 4. 1693/4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-505" id="linknote-505"> + <a id="linknote-505"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 505 (<a href="#linknoteref-505">return</a>)<br /> [ Of the Naturalisation + 505 (<a href="#linknoteref-505">return</a>)<br > [ Of the Naturalisation Bill no copy, I believe exists. The history of that bill will be found in the Journals. From Van Citters and L'Hermitage we learn less than might have been expected on a subject which must have been interesting to Dutch @@ -28768,19 +28198,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger with."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-506" id="linknote-506"> + <a id="linknote-506"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 506 (<a href="#linknoteref-506">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec + 506 (<a href="#linknoteref-506">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec 5. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-507" id="linknote-507"> + <a id="linknote-507"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 507 (<a href="#linknoteref-507">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 507 (<a href="#linknoteref-507">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 20. and 22. 1693/4. The journals did not then contain any notice of the divisions which took place when the House was in committee. There was only one division on the army estimates of this year, when the mace was on the @@ -28790,89 +28220,89 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Foley for the minority.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-508" id="linknote-508"> + <a id="linknote-508"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 508 (<a href="#linknoteref-508">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 508 (<a href="#linknoteref-508">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 25. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-509" id="linknote-509"> + <a id="linknote-509"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 509 (<a href="#linknoteref-509">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 5 W. & M. c. + 509 (<a href="#linknoteref-509">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 5 W. & M. c. I.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-510" id="linknote-510"> + <a id="linknote-510"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 510 (<a href="#linknoteref-510">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 5 & 6 W.& + 510 (<a href="#linknoteref-510">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 5 & 6 W.& M. c. 14.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-511" id="linknote-511"> + <a id="linknote-511"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 511 (<a href="#linknoteref-511">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 5 & 6 W. + 511 (<a href="#linknoteref-511">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 5 & 6 W. & M. c. 21.; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-512" id="linknote-512"> + <a id="linknote-512"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 512 (<a href="#linknoteref-512">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 5 & 6 W. + 512 (<a href="#linknoteref-512">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 5 & 6 W. & M. c. 22.; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-513" id="linknote-513"> + <a id="linknote-513"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 513 (<a href="#linknoteref-513">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 5 W. & M. c. + 513 (<a href="#linknoteref-513">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 5 W. & M. c. 7.; Evelyn's Diary, Oct. 5, Nov. 22. 1694; A Poem on Squire Neale's Projects; Malcolm's History of London. Neale's functions are described in several editions of Chamberlayne's State of England. His name frequently appears in the London Gazette, as, for example, on July 28. 1684.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-514" id="linknote-514"> + <a id="linknote-514"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 514 (<a href="#linknoteref-514">return</a>)<br /> [ See, for example, the + 514 (<a href="#linknoteref-514">return</a>)<br > [ See, for example, the Mystery of the Newfashioned Goldsmiths or Brokers, 1676; Is not the Hand of Joab in all this? 1676; and an answer published in the same year. See also England's Glory in the great Improvement by Banking and Trade, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-515" id="linknote-515"> + <a id="linknote-515"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 515 (<a href="#linknoteref-515">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Life of Dudley + 515 (<a href="#linknoteref-515">return</a>)<br > [ See the Life of Dudley North, by his brother Roger.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-516" id="linknote-516"> + <a id="linknote-516"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 516 (<a href="#linknoteref-516">return</a>)<br /> [ See a pamphlet entitled + 516 (<a href="#linknoteref-516">return</a>)<br > [ See a pamphlet entitled Corporation Credit; or a Bank of Credit, made Current by Common Consent in London, more Useful and Safe than Money.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-517" id="linknote-517"> + <a id="linknote-517"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 517 (<a href="#linknoteref-517">return</a>)<br /> [ A proposal by Dr. Hugh + 517 (<a href="#linknoteref-517">return</a>)<br > [ A proposal by Dr. Hugh Chamberlayne, in Essex Street, for a Bank, of Secure Current Credit to be founded upon Land, in order to the General Good of Landed Men, to the great Increase in the Value of Land, and the no less Benefit of Trade and @@ -28884,11 +28314,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger much versed in Latin literature as in political economy.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-518" id="linknote-518"> + <a id="linknote-518"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 518 (<a href="#linknoteref-518">return</a>)<br /> [ In confirmation of what + 518 (<a href="#linknoteref-518">return</a>)<br > [ In confirmation of what is said in the text, I extract a single paragraph from Briscoe's proposals. "Admit a gentleman hath barely 100L. per annum estate to live on, and hath a wife and four children to provide for; this person, @@ -28906,11 +28336,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger this nonsense reached a third edition.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-519" id="linknote-519"> + <a id="linknote-519"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 519 (<a href="#linknoteref-519">return</a>)<br /> [ See Chamberlayne's + 519 (<a href="#linknoteref-519">return</a>)<br > [ See Chamberlayne's Proposal, his Positions supported by the Reasons explaining the Office of Land Credit, and his Bank Dialogue. See also an excellent little tract on the other side entitled "A Bank Dialogue between Dr. H. C. and a Country @@ -28919,11 +28349,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Letter to a Person of Quality."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-520" id="linknote-520"> + <a id="linknote-520"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 520 (<a href="#linknoteref-520">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals Dec. + 520 (<a href="#linknoteref-520">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals Dec. 7. 1693. I am afraid that I may be suspected of exaggerating the absurdity of this scheme. I therefore transcribe the most important part of the petition. "In consideration of the freeholders bringing their lands into @@ -28938,101 +28368,101 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of his said estate unless the yearly rent happens to be in arrear."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-521" id="linknote-521"> + <a id="linknote-521"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 521 (<a href="#linknoteref-521">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 521 (<a href="#linknoteref-521">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 5. 1693/4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-522" id="linknote-522"> + <a id="linknote-522"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 522 (<a href="#linknoteref-522">return</a>)<br /> [ Account of the Intended + 522 (<a href="#linknoteref-522">return</a>)<br > [ Account of the Intended Bank of England, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-523" id="linknote-523"> + <a id="linknote-523"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 523 (<a href="#linknoteref-523">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Lords' Journals + 523 (<a href="#linknoteref-523">return</a>)<br > [ See the Lords' Journals of April 23, 24, 25. 1694, and the letter of L'Hermitage to the States General dated April 24/May 4] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-524" id="linknote-524"> + <a id="linknote-524"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 524 (<a href="#linknoteref-524">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's. + 524 (<a href="#linknoteref-524">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's. Diary, June 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-525" id="linknote-525"> + <a id="linknote-525"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 525 (<a href="#linknoteref-525">return</a>)<br /> [ Heath's Account of the + 525 (<a href="#linknoteref-525">return</a>)<br > [ Heath's Account of the Worshipful Company of Grocers; Francis's History of the Bank of England.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-526" id="linknote-526"> + <a id="linknote-526"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 526 (<a href="#linknoteref-526">return</a>)<br /> [ Spectator, No. 3.] + 526 (<a href="#linknoteref-526">return</a>)<br > [ Spectator, No. 3.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-527" id="linknote-527"> + <a id="linknote-527"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 527 (<a href="#linknoteref-527">return</a>)<br /> [ Proceedings of the + 527 (<a href="#linknoteref-527">return</a>)<br > [ Proceedings of the Wednesday Club in Friday Street.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-528" id="linknote-528"> + <a id="linknote-528"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 528 (<a href="#linknoteref-528">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, April + 528 (<a href="#linknoteref-528">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, April 25. 1694; London Gazette, May 7. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-529" id="linknote-529"> + <a id="linknote-529"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 529 (<a href="#linknoteref-529">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James ii. 520.; + 529 (<a href="#linknoteref-529">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James ii. 520.; Floyd's (Lloyd's) Account in the Nairne Papers, under the date of May 1. 1694; London Gazette, April 26. 30. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-530" id="linknote-530"> + <a id="linknote-530"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 530 (<a href="#linknoteref-530">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 3. + 530 (<a href="#linknoteref-530">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 3. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-531" id="linknote-531"> + <a id="linknote-531"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 531 (<a href="#linknoteref-531">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 531 (<a href="#linknoteref-531">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 30. May 7. 1694; Shrewsbury to William, May 11/21; William to Shrewsbury, May 22? June 1; L'Hermitage, April 27/Nay 7] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-532" id="linknote-532"> + <a id="linknote-532"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 532 (<a href="#linknoteref-532">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, May 15/25. + 532 (<a href="#linknoteref-532">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, May 15/25. After mentioning the various reports, he says, "De tous ces divers projets qu'on s'imagine aucun n'est venu a la cognoissance du public." This is important; for it has often been said, in excuse for Marlborough, that he @@ -29040,179 +28470,179 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the coffeehouses, and must have been known without his instrumentality.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-533" id="linknote-533"> + <a id="linknote-533"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 533 (<a href="#linknoteref-533">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, June + 533 (<a href="#linknoteref-533">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, June 14. 18. 1694; Paris Gazette June 16/July 3; Burchett; Journal of Lord Caermarthen; Baden, June 15/25; L'Hermitage, June 15/25. 19/29] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-534" id="linknote-534"> + <a id="linknote-534"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 534 (<a href="#linknoteref-534">return</a>)<br /> [ Shrewsbury to William, + 534 (<a href="#linknoteref-534">return</a>)<br > [ Shrewsbury to William, June 15/25. 1694. William to Shrewsbury, July 1; Shrewsbury to William, June 22/July 2] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-535" id="linknote-535"> + <a id="linknote-535"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 535 (<a href="#linknoteref-535">return</a>)<br /> [ This account of + 535 (<a href="#linknoteref-535">return</a>)<br > [ This account of Russell's expedition to the Mediterranean I have taken chiefly from Burchett.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-536" id="linknote-536"> + <a id="linknote-536"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 536 (<a href="#linknoteref-536">return</a>)<br /> [ Letter to Trenchard, + 536 (<a href="#linknoteref-536">return</a>)<br > [ Letter to Trenchard, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-537" id="linknote-537"> + <a id="linknote-537"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 537 (<a href="#linknoteref-537">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 141, 142.; + 537 (<a href="#linknoteref-537">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 141, 142.; and Onslow's note; Kingston's True History, 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-538" id="linknote-538"> + <a id="linknote-538"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 538 (<a href="#linknoteref-538">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Life of James, + 538 (<a href="#linknoteref-538">return</a>)<br > [ See the Life of James, ii. 524.,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-539" id="linknote-539"> + <a id="linknote-539"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 539 (<a href="#linknoteref-539">return</a>)<br /> [ Kingston; Burnet, ii. + 539 (<a href="#linknoteref-539">return</a>)<br > [ Kingston; Burnet, ii. 142.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-540" id="linknote-540"> + <a id="linknote-540"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 540 (<a href="#linknoteref-540">return</a>)<br /> [ Kingston. For the fact + 540 (<a href="#linknoteref-540">return</a>)<br > [ Kingston. For the fact that a bribe was given to Taaffe, Kingston cites the evidence taken on oath by the Lords.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-541" id="linknote-541"> + <a id="linknote-541"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 541 (<a href="#linknoteref-541">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 541 (<a href="#linknoteref-541">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, Oct. 6. 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-542" id="linknote-542"> + <a id="linknote-542"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 542 (<a href="#linknoteref-542">return</a>)<br /> [ As to Dyer's + 542 (<a href="#linknoteref-542">return</a>)<br > [ As to Dyer's newsletter, see Narcissus Luttrell's Diary for June and August 1693, and September 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-543" id="linknote-543"> + <a id="linknote-543"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 543 (<a href="#linknoteref-543">return</a>)<br /> [ The Whig narrative is + 543 (<a href="#linknoteref-543">return</a>)<br > [ The Whig narrative is Kingston's; the Jacobite narrative, by an anonymous author, has lately been printed by the Chetham Society. See also a Letter out of Lancashire to a Friend in London, giving some Account of the late Trials, 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-544" id="linknote-544"> + <a id="linknote-544"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 544 (<a href="#linknoteref-544">return</a>)<br /> [ Birch's Life of + 544 (<a href="#linknoteref-544">return</a>)<br > [ Birch's Life of Tillotson; the Funeral Sermon preached by Burnet; William to Heinsius, Nov 23/Dec 3 1694.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-545" id="linknote-545"> + <a id="linknote-545"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 545 (<a href="#linknoteref-545">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Journals of the + 545 (<a href="#linknoteref-545">return</a>)<br > [ See the Journals of the two Houses. The only account that we have of the debates is in the letters of L'Hermitage.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-546" id="linknote-546"> + <a id="linknote-546"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 546 (<a href="#linknoteref-546">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 546 (<a href="#linknoteref-546">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 20. 1693/4 As this bill never reached the Lords, it is not to be found among their archives. I have therefore no means of discovering whether it differed in any respect from the bill of the preceding year.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-547" id="linknote-547"> + <a id="linknote-547"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 547 (<a href="#linknoteref-547">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of this + 547 (<a href="#linknoteref-547">return</a>)<br > [ The history of this bill may be read in the Journals of the Houses. The contest, not a very vehement one, lasted till the 20th of April.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-548" id="linknote-548"> + <a id="linknote-548"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 548 (<a href="#linknoteref-548">return</a>)<br /> [ "The Commons," says + 548 (<a href="#linknoteref-548">return</a>)<br > [ "The Commons," says Narcissus Luttrell, "gave a great hum." "Le murmure qui est la marque d'applaudissement fut si grand qu'on pent dire qu'il estoit universel. "—L'Hermitage, Dec. 25/Jan. 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-549" id="linknote-549"> + <a id="linknote-549"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 549 (<a href="#linknoteref-549">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage says this + 549 (<a href="#linknoteref-549">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage says this in his despatch of Nov. 20/30.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-550" id="linknote-550"> + <a id="linknote-550"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 550 (<a href="#linknoteref-550">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 137.; Van + 550 (<a href="#linknoteref-550">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 137.; Van Citters, Dec 25/Jan 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-551" id="linknote-551"> + <a id="linknote-551"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 551 (<a href="#linknoteref-551">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 136. 138.; + 551 (<a href="#linknoteref-551">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 136. 138.; Narcissus Luttrell's Dairy; Van Citters, Dec 28/Jan 7 1694/5; L'Hermitage, Dec 25/Jan 4, Dec 28/Jan 7 Jan. 1/11; Vernon to Lord Lexington, Dec. 21. 25. 28., Jan. 1.; Tenison's Funeral Sermon.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-552" id="linknote-552"> + <a id="linknote-552"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 552 (<a href="#linknoteref-552">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn's Dairy; + 552 (<a href="#linknoteref-552">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn's Dairy; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Commons' Journals, Dec. 28. 1694; Shrewsbury to Lexington, of the same date; Van Citters of the same date; L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11 1695. Among the sermons on Mary's death, that of Sherlock, @@ -29220,61 +28650,61 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger great Presbyterian congregations, deserve notice.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-553" id="linknote-553"> + <a id="linknote-553"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 553 (<a href="#linknoteref-553">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 553 (<a href="#linknoteref-553">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-554" id="linknote-554"> + <a id="linknote-554"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 554 (<a href="#linknoteref-554">return</a>)<br /> [ Remarks on some late + 554 (<a href="#linknoteref-554">return</a>)<br > [ Remarks on some late Sermons, 1695; A Defence of the Archbishop's Sermon, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-555" id="linknote-555"> + <a id="linknote-555"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 555 (<a href="#linknoteref-555">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 555 (<a href="#linknoteref-555">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-556" id="linknote-556"> + <a id="linknote-556"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 556 (<a href="#linknoteref-556">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, March + 556 (<a href="#linknoteref-556">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, March 1/11, 6/16 1695; London Gazette, March 7,; Tenison's Funeral Sermon; Evelyn's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-557" id="linknote-557"> + <a id="linknote-557"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 557 (<a href="#linknoteref-557">return</a>)<br /> [ See Claude's Sermon on + 557 (<a href="#linknoteref-557">return</a>)<br > [ See Claude's Sermon on Mary's death.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-558" id="linknote-558"> + <a id="linknote-558"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 558 (<a href="#linknoteref-558">return</a>)<br /> [ Prior to Lord and Lady + 558 (<a href="#linknoteref-558">return</a>)<br > [ Prior to Lord and Lady Lexington, Jan. 14/24 1695. The letter is among the Lexington papers, a valuable collection, and well edited.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-559" id="linknote-559"> + <a id="linknote-559"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 559 (<a href="#linknoteref-559">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercury for + 559 (<a href="#linknoteref-559">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercury for January 1695. An orator who pronounced an eulogium on the Queen at Utrecht was so absurd as to say that she spent her last breath in prayers for the prosperity of the United Provinces:—"Valeant et Batavi;"—these @@ -29284,36 +28714,36 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Francius of Amsterdam, and of John Ortwinius of Delft.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-560" id="linknote-560"> + <a id="linknote-560"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 560 (<a href="#linknoteref-560">return</a>)<br /> [ Journal de Dangeau; + 560 (<a href="#linknoteref-560">return</a>)<br > [ Journal de Dangeau; Memoires de Saint Simon.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-561" id="linknote-561"> + <a id="linknote-561"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 561 (<a href="#linknoteref-561">return</a>)<br /> [ Saint Simon; Dangeau; + 561 (<a href="#linknoteref-561">return</a>)<br > [ Saint Simon; Dangeau; Monthly Mercury for January 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-562" id="linknote-562"> + <a id="linknote-562"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 562 (<a href="#linknoteref-562">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11. + 562 (<a href="#linknoteref-562">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Jan. 1/11. 1695; Vernon to Lord Lexington Jan. I. 4.; Portland to Lord Lexington, Jan 15/25; William to Heinsius, Jan 22/Feb 1] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-563" id="linknote-563"> + <a id="linknote-563"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 563 (<a href="#linknoteref-563">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Commons' + 563 (<a href="#linknoteref-563">return</a>)<br > [ See the Commons' Journals of Feb. 11, April 12. and April 27., and the Lords' Journals of April 8. and April is. 1695. Unfortunately there is a hiatus in the Commons' Journal of the 12th of April, so that it is now impossible to @@ -29321,27 +28751,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger amendment made by the Lords.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-564" id="linknote-564"> + <a id="linknote-564"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 564 (<a href="#linknoteref-564">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, April + 564 (<a href="#linknoteref-564">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, April 10/20. 1695; Burnet, ii. 149.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-565" id="linknote-565"> + <a id="linknote-565"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 565 (<a href="#linknoteref-565">return</a>)<br /> [ An Essay upon Taxes, + 565 (<a href="#linknoteref-565">return</a>)<br > [ An Essay upon Taxes, calculated for the present Juncture of Affairs, 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-566" id="linknote-566"> + <a id="linknote-566"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 566 (<a href="#linknoteref-566">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 566 (<a href="#linknoteref-566">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 12 Feb. 26. Mar. 6.; A Collection of the Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695 upon the Inquiry into the late Briberies and Corrupt Practices, 1695; L'Hermitage to the States General, March 8/18; @@ -29352,83 +28782,83 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger elle rendroit un service tres utile et tres agreable au Roy."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-567" id="linknote-567"> + <a id="linknote-567"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 567 (<a href="#linknoteref-567">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 567 (<a href="#linknoteref-567">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 16, 1695; Collection of the Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695; Life of Wharton; Burnet, ii. 144.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-568" id="linknote-568"> + <a id="linknote-568"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 568 (<a href="#linknoteref-568">return</a>)<br /> [ Speaker Onslow's note + 568 (<a href="#linknoteref-568">return</a>)<br > [ Speaker Onslow's note on Burnet ii. 583.; Commons' Journals, Mar 6, 7. 1695. The history of the terrible end of this man will be found in the pamphlets of the South Sea year.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-569" id="linknote-569"> + <a id="linknote-569"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 569 (<a href="#linknoteref-569">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, + 569 (<a href="#linknoteref-569">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, March 8. 1695; Exact Collection of Debates and Proceedings in Parliament in 1694 and 1695; L'Hermitage, March 8/18] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-570" id="linknote-570"> + <a id="linknote-570"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 570 (<a href="#linknoteref-570">return</a>)<br /> [ Exact Collection of + 570 (<a href="#linknoteref-570">return</a>)<br > [ Exact Collection of Debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-571" id="linknote-571"> + <a id="linknote-571"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 571 (<a href="#linknoteref-571">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, March + 571 (<a href="#linknoteref-571">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, March 8/18. 1695. L'Hermitage's narrative is confirmed by the journals, March 7. 1694/5. It appears that just before the committee was appointed, the House resolved that letters should not be delivered out to members during a sitting.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-572" id="linknote-572"> + <a id="linknote-572"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 572 (<a href="#linknoteref-572">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, March + 572 (<a href="#linknoteref-572">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, March 19/29 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-573" id="linknote-573"> + <a id="linknote-573"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 573 (<a href="#linknoteref-573">return</a>)<br /> [ Birch's Life of + 573 (<a href="#linknoteref-573">return</a>)<br > [ Birch's Life of Tillotson.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-574" id="linknote-574"> + <a id="linknote-574"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 574 (<a href="#linknoteref-574">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, + 574 (<a href="#linknoteref-574">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, March 12 13, 14 15, 16, 1694/5; Vernon to Lexington, March 15.; L'Hermitage, March 15/25.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-575" id="linknote-575"> + <a id="linknote-575"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 575 (<a href="#linknoteref-575">return</a>)<br /> [ On vit qu'il etoit + 575 (<a href="#linknoteref-575">return</a>)<br > [ On vit qu'il etoit impossible de le poursuivre en justice, chacun toutefois demeurant convaincu que c'etoit un marche fait a la main pour lui faire present de la somme de 10,000L. et qu'il avoit ete plus habile que les autres novices @@ -29437,359 +28867,359 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger 26.; Burnet, ii. 145.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-576" id="linknote-576"> + <a id="linknote-576"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 576 (<a href="#linknoteref-576">return</a>)<br /> [ In a poem called the + 576 (<a href="#linknoteref-576">return</a>)<br > [ In a poem called the Prophecy (1703), is the line </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "when Seymour scorns saltpetre pence." </pre> <p> In another satire is the line </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Bribed Seymour bribes accuses."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-577" id="linknote-577"> + <a id="linknote-577"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 577 (<a href="#linknoteref-577">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals from + 577 (<a href="#linknoteref-577">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals from March 26. to April 8. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-578" id="linknote-578"> + <a id="linknote-578"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 578 (<a href="#linknoteref-578">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, April + 578 (<a href="#linknoteref-578">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, April 10/20 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-579" id="linknote-579"> + <a id="linknote-579"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 579 (<a href="#linknoteref-579">return</a>)<br /> [ Exact Collection of + 579 (<a href="#linknoteref-579">return</a>)<br > [ Exact Collection of Debates and Proceedings.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-580" id="linknote-580"> + <a id="linknote-580"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 580 (<a href="#linknoteref-580">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, April + 580 (<a href="#linknoteref-580">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, April 30/May 10 1695; Portland to Lexington, April 23/May 3] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-581" id="linknote-581"> + <a id="linknote-581"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 581 (<a href="#linknoteref-581">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage (April + 581 (<a href="#linknoteref-581">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage (April 30/May 10 1695) justly remarks, that the way in which the money was sent back strengthened the case against Leeds.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-582" id="linknote-582"> + <a id="linknote-582"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 582 (<a href="#linknoteref-582">return</a>)<br /> [ There can, I think, be + 582 (<a href="#linknoteref-582">return</a>)<br > [ There can, I think, be no doubt, that the member who is called D in the Exact Collection was Wharton.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-583" id="linknote-583"> + <a id="linknote-583"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 583 (<a href="#linknoteref-583">return</a>)<br /> [ As to the proceedings + 583 (<a href="#linknoteref-583">return</a>)<br > [ As to the proceedings of this eventful day, April 27. 1695, see the Journals of the two Houses, and the Exact Collection.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-584" id="linknote-584"> + <a id="linknote-584"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 584 (<a href="#linknoteref-584">return</a>)<br /> [ Exact Collection; + 584 (<a href="#linknoteref-584">return</a>)<br > [ Exact Collection; Lords' Journals, May 3. 1695; Commons' Journals, May 2, 3.; L'Hermitage, May 3/13.; London Gazette, May 13.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-585" id="linknote-585"> + <a id="linknote-585"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 585 (<a href="#linknoteref-585">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, May 10/20. + 585 (<a href="#linknoteref-585">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, May 10/20. 1695; Vernon to Shrewsbury, June 22. 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-586" id="linknote-586"> + <a id="linknote-586"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 586 (<a href="#linknoteref-586">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 6. + 586 (<a href="#linknoteref-586">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 6. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-587" id="linknote-587"> + <a id="linknote-587"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 587 (<a href="#linknoteref-587">return</a>)<br /> [ Letter from Mrs. Burnet + 587 (<a href="#linknoteref-587">return</a>)<br > [ Letter from Mrs. Burnet to the Duchess of Marlborough, 1704, quoted by Coxe; Shrewsbury to Russell, January 24. 1695; Burnett, ii. 149.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-588" id="linknote-588"> + <a id="linknote-588"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 588 (<a href="#linknoteref-588">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette April 8. + 588 (<a href="#linknoteref-588">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette April 8. 15. 29. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-589" id="linknote-589"> + <a id="linknote-589"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 589 (<a href="#linknoteref-589">return</a>)<br /> [ Shrewsbury to Russell, + 589 (<a href="#linknoteref-589">return</a>)<br > [ Shrewsbury to Russell, January 24. 1695; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-590" id="linknote-590"> + <a id="linknote-590"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 590 (<a href="#linknoteref-590">return</a>)<br /> [ De Thou, liii. xcvi.] + 590 (<a href="#linknoteref-590">return</a>)<br > [ De Thou, liii. xcvi.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-591" id="linknote-591"> + <a id="linknote-591"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 591 (<a href="#linknoteref-591">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James ii. 545., + 591 (<a href="#linknoteref-591">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James ii. 545., Orig. Mem. Of course James does not use the word assassination. He talks of the seizing and carrying away of the Prince of Orange.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-592" id="linknote-592"> + <a id="linknote-592"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 592 (<a href="#linknoteref-592">return</a>)<br /> [ Every thing bad that + 592 (<a href="#linknoteref-592">return</a>)<br > [ Every thing bad that was known or rumoured about Porter came out on the State Trials of 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-593" id="linknote-593"> + <a id="linknote-593"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 593 (<a href="#linknoteref-593">return</a>)<br /> [ As to Goodman see the + 593 (<a href="#linknoteref-593">return</a>)<br > [ As to Goodman see the evidence on the trial of Peter Cook; Cleverskirke, Feb 28/March 9 1696; L'Hermitage, April 10/20 1696; and a pasquinade entitled the Duchess of Cleveland's Memorial.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-594" id="linknote-594"> + <a id="linknote-594"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 594 (<a href="#linknoteref-594">return</a>)<br /> [ See the preamble to the + 594 (<a href="#linknoteref-594">return</a>)<br > [ See the preamble to the Commission of 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-595" id="linknote-595"> + <a id="linknote-595"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 595 (<a href="#linknoteref-595">return</a>)<br /> [ The Commission will be + 595 (<a href="#linknoteref-595">return</a>)<br > [ The Commission will be found in the Minutes of the Parliament.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-596" id="linknote-596"> + <a id="linknote-596"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 596 (<a href="#linknoteref-596">return</a>)<br /> [ Act. Parl. Scot., May + 596 (<a href="#linknoteref-596">return</a>)<br > [ Act. Parl. Scot., May 21. 1695; London Gazette, May 30.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-597" id="linknote-597"> + <a id="linknote-597"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 597 (<a href="#linknoteref-597">return</a>)<br /> [ Act. Parl. Scot. May + 597 (<a href="#linknoteref-597">return</a>)<br > [ Act. Parl. Scot. May 23. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-598" id="linknote-598"> + <a id="linknote-598"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 598 (<a href="#linknoteref-598">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. June 14. 18. 20. + 598 (<a href="#linknoteref-598">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. June 14. 18. 20. 1695; London Gazette, June 27.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-599" id="linknote-599"> + <a id="linknote-599"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 599 (<a href="#linknoteref-599">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 157.; Act. + 599 (<a href="#linknoteref-599">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 157.; Act. Parl., June 10 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-600" id="linknote-600"> + <a id="linknote-600"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 600 (<a href="#linknoteref-600">return</a>)<br /> [ Act. Parl., June 26. + 600 (<a href="#linknoteref-600">return</a>)<br > [ Act. Parl., June 26. 1695; London Gazette, July 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-601" id="linknote-601"> + <a id="linknote-601"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 601 (<a href="#linknoteref-601">return</a>)<br /> [ There is an excellent + 601 (<a href="#linknoteref-601">return</a>)<br > [ There is an excellent portrait of Villeroy in St. Simon's Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-602" id="linknote-602"> + <a id="linknote-602"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 602 (<a href="#linknoteref-602">return</a>)<br /> [ Some curious traits of + 602 (<a href="#linknoteref-602">return</a>)<br > [ Some curious traits of Trumball's character will be found in Pepys's Tangier Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-603" id="linknote-603"> + <a id="linknote-603"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 603 (<a href="#linknoteref-603">return</a>)<br /> [ Postboy, June 13., July + 603 (<a href="#linknoteref-603">return</a>)<br > [ Postboy, June 13., July 9. 11., 1695; Intelligence Domestic and Foreign, June 14.; Pacquet Boat from Holland and Flanders, July 9.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-604" id="linknote-604"> + <a id="linknote-604"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 604 (<a href="#linknoteref-604">return</a>)<br /> [ Vaudemont's Despatch + 604 (<a href="#linknoteref-604">return</a>)<br > [ Vaudemont's Despatch and William's Answer are in the Monthly Mercury for July 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-605" id="linknote-605"> + <a id="linknote-605"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 605 (<a href="#linknoteref-605">return</a>)<br /> [ See Saint Simon's + 605 (<a href="#linknoteref-605">return</a>)<br > [ See Saint Simon's Memoirs and his note upon Dangeau.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-606" id="linknote-606"> + <a id="linknote-606"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 606 (<a href="#linknoteref-606">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette July 22. + 606 (<a href="#linknoteref-606">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette July 22. 1695; Monthly Mercury of August, 1695. Swift ten years later, wrote a lampoon on Cutts, so dull and so nauseously scurrilous that Ward or Gildon would have been ashamed of it, entitled the Description of a Salamander.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-607" id="linknote-607"> + <a id="linknote-607"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 607 (<a href="#linknoteref-607">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, July + 607 (<a href="#linknoteref-607">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, July 29. 1695; Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Stepney to Lord Lexington, Aug. 16/26; Robert Fleming's Character of King William, 1702. It was in the attack of July 17/27 that Captain Shandy received the memorable wound in his groin.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-608" id="linknote-608"> + <a id="linknote-608"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 608 (<a href="#linknoteref-608">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Aug. r. + 608 (<a href="#linknoteref-608">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Aug. r. 5. 1695; Monthly Mercury of August 1695, containing the Letters of William and Dykvelt to the States General.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-609" id="linknote-609"> + <a id="linknote-609"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 609 (<a href="#linknoteref-609">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercury for + 609 (<a href="#linknoteref-609">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Stepney to Lord Lexington, Aug. 16/26] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-610" id="linknote-610"> + <a id="linknote-610"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 610 (<a href="#linknoteref-610">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercury for + 610 (<a href="#linknoteref-610">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercury for August 1695; Letter from Paris, Aug 26/Sept 5 1695, among the Lexington Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-611" id="linknote-611"> + <a id="linknote-611"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 611 (<a href="#linknoteref-611">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Aug. 13/23 + 611 (<a href="#linknoteref-611">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Aug. 13/23 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-612" id="linknote-612"> + <a id="linknote-612"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 612 (<a href="#linknoteref-612">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Aug. + 612 (<a href="#linknoteref-612">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Aug. 26. 1695; Monthly Mercury, Stepney to Lexington, Aug. 20/30.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-613" id="linknote-613"> + <a id="linknote-613"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 613 (<a href="#linknoteref-613">return</a>)<br /> [ Boyer's History of King + 613 (<a href="#linknoteref-613">return</a>)<br > [ Boyer's History of King William III, 1703; London Gazette, Aug. 29. 1695; Stepney to Lexington, Aug. 20/30.; Blathwayt to Lexington, Sept. 2.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-614" id="linknote-614"> + <a id="linknote-614"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 614 (<a href="#linknoteref-614">return</a>)<br /> [ Postscript to the + 614 (<a href="#linknoteref-614">return</a>)<br > [ Postscript to the Monthly Mercury for August 1695; London Gazette, Sept. 9.; Saint Simon; Dangeau.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-615" id="linknote-615"> + <a id="linknote-615"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 615 (<a href="#linknoteref-615">return</a>)<br /> [ Boyer, History of King + 615 (<a href="#linknoteref-615">return</a>)<br > [ Boyer, History of King William III, 2703; Postscript to the Monthly Mercury, Aug. 1695; London Gazette, Sept. 9. 12.; Blathwayt to Lexington, Sept. 6.; Saint Simon; Dangeau.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-616" id="linknote-616"> + <a id="linknote-616"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 616 (<a href="#linknoteref-616">return</a>)<br /> [ There is a noble, and I + 616 (<a href="#linknoteref-616">return</a>)<br > [ There is a noble, and I suppose, unique Collection of the newspapers of William's reign in the British Museum. I have turned over every page of that Collection. It is strange that neither Luttrell nor Evelyn should have noticed the first @@ -29807,106 +29237,106 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the libeller.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-617" id="linknote-617"> + <a id="linknote-617"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 617 (<a href="#linknoteref-617">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Oct. + 617 (<a href="#linknoteref-617">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Oct. 15/25., Nov. 15/25. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-618" id="linknote-618"> + <a id="linknote-618"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 618 (<a href="#linknoteref-618">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Oct. + 618 (<a href="#linknoteref-618">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Oct. 24. 1695. See Evelyn's Account of Newmarket in 1671, and Pepys, July 18. 1668. From Tallard's despatches written after the Peace of Ryswick it appears that the autumn meetings were not less numerous or splendid in the days of William than in those of his uncles.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-619" id="linknote-619"> + <a id="linknote-619"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 619 (<a href="#linknoteref-619">return</a>)<br /> [ I have taken this + 619 (<a href="#linknoteref-619">return</a>)<br > [ I have taken this account of William's progress chiefly from the London Gazettes, from the despatches of L'Hermitage, from Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, and from the letters of Vernon, Yard and Cartwright among the Lexington Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-620" id="linknote-620"> + <a id="linknote-620"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 620 (<a href="#linknoteref-620">return</a>)<br /> [ See the letter of Yard + 620 (<a href="#linknoteref-620">return</a>)<br > [ See the letter of Yard to Lexington, November 8. 1695, and the note by the editor of the Lexington Papers.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-621" id="linknote-621"> + <a id="linknote-621"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 621 (<a href="#linknoteref-621">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Nov. + 621 (<a href="#linknoteref-621">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-622" id="linknote-622"> + <a id="linknote-622"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 622 (<a href="#linknoteref-622">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage Oct 25/Nov + 622 (<a href="#linknoteref-622">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage Oct 25/Nov 4 Oct 29/Nov 8 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-623" id="linknote-623"> + <a id="linknote-623"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 623 (<a href="#linknoteref-623">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Nov. 5/15 1695.] + 623 (<a href="#linknoteref-623">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Nov. 5/15 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-624" id="linknote-624"> + <a id="linknote-624"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 624 (<a href="#linknoteref-624">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25 + 624 (<a href="#linknoteref-624">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Nov. 15/25 1695; Sir James Forbes to Lady Russell, Oct. 3. 1695; Lady Russell to Lord Edward Russell; The Postman, Nov. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-625" id="linknote-625"> + <a id="linknote-625"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 625 (<a href="#linknoteref-625">return</a>)<br /> [ There is a highly + 625 (<a href="#linknoteref-625">return</a>)<br > [ There is a highly curious account of this contest in the despatches of L'Hermitage.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-626" id="linknote-626"> + <a id="linknote-626"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 626 (<a href="#linknoteref-626">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman, Dec. 15. 17. + 626 (<a href="#linknoteref-626">return</a>)<br > [ Postman, Dec. 15. 17. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec. 13. 15.; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; Burnet, i. 647.; Saint Evremond's Verses to Hampden.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-627" id="linknote-627"> + <a id="linknote-627"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 627 (<a href="#linknoteref-627">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Nov. + 627 (<a href="#linknoteref-627">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Nov. 13/23. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-628" id="linknote-628"> + <a id="linknote-628"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 628 (<a href="#linknoteref-628">return</a>)<br /> [ I have derived much + 628 (<a href="#linknoteref-628">return</a>)<br > [ I have derived much valuable information on this subject from a MS. in the British Museum, Lansdowne Collection, No. 801. It is entitled Brief Memoires relating to the Silver and Gold Coins of England, with an Account of the Corruption of @@ -29914,27 +29344,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Tower and the Country Mints, by Hopton Haynes, Assay Master of the Mint.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-629" id="linknote-629"> + <a id="linknote-629"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 629 (<a href="#linknoteref-629">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 5 Eliz. c. ii., + 629 (<a href="#linknoteref-629">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 5 Eliz. c. ii., and 18 Eliz. c. 1] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-630" id="linknote-630"> + <a id="linknote-630"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 630 (<a href="#linknoteref-630">return</a>)<br /> [ Pepys's Diary, November + 630 (<a href="#linknoteref-630">return</a>)<br > [ Pepys's Diary, November 23. 1663.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-631" id="linknote-631"> + <a id="linknote-631"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 631 (<a href="#linknoteref-631">return</a>)<br /> [ The first writer who + 631 (<a href="#linknoteref-631">return</a>)<br > [ The first writer who noticed the fact that, where good money and bad money are thown into circulation together, the bad money drives out the good money, was Aristophanes. He seems to have thought that the preference which his @@ -29943,7 +29373,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger conduct of great affairs. But, though his political economy will not bear examination, his verses are excellent:— </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> pollakis g' emin edoksen e polis peponthenai tauton es te ton politon tous kalous te kagathous es te tarkhaion nomisma Kai to kainon khrusion. @@ -29960,22 +29390,22 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger kai ponerois kak poneron eis apanta khrometha.] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-632" id="linknote-632"> + <a id="linknote-632"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 632 (<a href="#linknoteref-632">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 632 (<a href="#linknoteref-632">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary is filled with accounts of these executions. "Le metier de rogneur de monnoye," says L'Hermitage, "est si lucratif et paroit si facile que, quelque chose qu'on fasse pour les detruire, il s'en trouve toujours d'autres pour prendre leur place. Oct 1/11. 1695."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-633" id="linknote-633"> + <a id="linknote-633"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 633 (<a href="#linknoteref-633">return</a>)<br /> [ As to the sympathy of + 633 (<a href="#linknoteref-633">return</a>)<br > [ As to the sympathy of the public with the clippers, see the very curious sermon which Fleetwood afterwards Bishop of Ely, preached before the Lord Mayor in December 1694. Fleetwood says that "a soft pernicious tenderness slackened the care of @@ -29995,103 +29425,103 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger a conversation between the ordinary of Newgate and a clipper.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-634" id="linknote-634"> + <a id="linknote-634"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 634 (<a href="#linknoteref-634">return</a>)<br /> [ Lowndes's Essay for the + 634 (<a href="#linknoteref-634">return</a>)<br > [ Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins, 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-635" id="linknote-635"> + <a id="linknote-635"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 635 (<a href="#linknoteref-635">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Nov 29/Dec + 635 (<a href="#linknoteref-635">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Nov 29/Dec 9 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-636" id="linknote-636"> + <a id="linknote-636"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 636 (<a href="#linknoteref-636">return</a>)<br /> [ The Memoirs of this + 636 (<a href="#linknoteref-636">return</a>)<br > [ The Memoirs of this Lancashire Quaker were printed a few years ago in a most respectable newspaper, the Manchester Guardian.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-637" id="linknote-637"> + <a id="linknote-637"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 637 (<a href="#linknoteref-637">return</a>)<br /> [ Lowndes's Essay.] + 637 (<a href="#linknoteref-637">return</a>)<br > [ Lowndes's Essay.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-638" id="linknote-638"> + <a id="linknote-638"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 638 (<a href="#linknoteref-638">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Dec 24/Jan + 638 (<a href="#linknoteref-638">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Dec 24/Jan 3 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-639" id="linknote-639"> + <a id="linknote-639"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 639 (<a href="#linknoteref-639">return</a>)<br /> [ It ought always to be + 639 (<a href="#linknoteref-639">return</a>)<br > [ It ought always to be remembered, to Adam Smith's honour, that he was entirely converted by Bentham's Defence of Usury, and acknowledged, with candour worthy of a true philosopher, that the doctrine laid down in the Wealth of Nations was erroneous.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-640" id="linknote-640"> + <a id="linknote-640"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 640 (<a href="#linknoteref-640">return</a>)<br /> [ Lowndes's Essay for the + 640 (<a href="#linknoteref-640">return</a>)<br > [ Lowndes's Essay for the Amendment of the Silver Coins; Locke's Further Considerations concerning raising the Value of Money; Locke to Molyneux, Nov. 20. 1695; Molyneux to Locke, Dec. 24. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-641" id="linknote-641"> + <a id="linknote-641"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 641 (<a href="#linknoteref-641">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 147.] + 641 (<a href="#linknoteref-641">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 147.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-642" id="linknote-642"> + <a id="linknote-642"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 642 (<a href="#linknoteref-642">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 642 (<a href="#linknoteref-642">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 22, 23. 26. 1695; L'Hermitage, Nov 26/Dec 6] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-643" id="linknote-643"> + <a id="linknote-643"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 643 (<a href="#linknoteref-643">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 643 (<a href="#linknoteref-643">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 26, 27, 28, 29. 1695; L'Hermitage, Nov 26./Dec 6 Nov. 29/Dec 9 Dec 3/13] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-644" id="linknote-644"> + <a id="linknote-644"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 644 (<a href="#linknoteref-644">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 644 (<a href="#linknoteref-644">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 28, 29. 1695; L'Hermitage, Dec. 3/13] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-645" id="linknote-645"> + <a id="linknote-645"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 645 (<a href="#linknoteref-645">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Nov 22/Dec + 645 (<a href="#linknoteref-645">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Nov 22/Dec 2, Dec 6/16 1695; An Abstract of the Consultations and Debates between the French King and his Council concerning the new Coin that is intended to be made in England, privately sent by a Friend of the Confederates from the @@ -30105,27 +29535,27 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Parliament at this conjuncture.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-646" id="linknote-646"> + <a id="linknote-646"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 646 (<a href="#linknoteref-646">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 646 (<a href="#linknoteref-646">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 10. 1695; L'Hermitage, Dec. 3/13 6/16 10/20] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-647" id="linknote-647"> + <a id="linknote-647"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 647 (<a href="#linknoteref-647">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec. + 647 (<a href="#linknoteref-647">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec. 13. 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-648" id="linknote-648"> + <a id="linknote-648"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 648 (<a href="#linknoteref-648">return</a>)<br /> [ Stat. 7 Gul. 3.c. [1].; + 648 (<a href="#linknoteref-648">return</a>)<br > [ Stat. 7 Gul. 3.c. [1].; Lords' and Commons' Journals; L'Hermitage, Dec 31/Jan 10 Jan 7/17 10/20 14/24 1696. L'Hermitage describes in strong language the extreme inconvenience caused by the dispute between the Houses:—"La longueur @@ -30135,11 +29565,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger occasion de l'esprouver.)] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-649" id="linknote-649"> + <a id="linknote-649"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 649 (<a href="#linknoteref-649">return</a>)<br /> [ That Locke was not a + 649 (<a href="#linknoteref-649">return</a>)<br > [ That Locke was not a party to the attempt to make gold cheaper by penal laws, I infer from a passage in which he notices Lowndes's complaints about the high price of guineas. "The only remedy," says Locke, "for that mischief, as well as a @@ -30150,19 +29580,19 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger though Haynes was a devoted adherent of Montague.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-650" id="linknote-650"> + <a id="linknote-650"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 650 (<a href="#linknoteref-650">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Jan 14/24 + 650 (<a href="#linknoteref-650">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Jan 14/24 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-651" id="linknote-651"> + <a id="linknote-651"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 651 (<a href="#linknoteref-651">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 651 (<a href="#linknoteref-651">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 14. 17. 23. 1696; L'Hermitage, Jan. 14/24; Gloria Cambriae, or Speech of a Bold Briton against a Dutch Prince of Wales 1702; Life of the late Honourable Robert Price, &c. 1734. Price was the bold Briton whose @@ -30172,115 +29602,115 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger performance, full of blunders and anachronisms.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-652" id="linknote-652"> + <a id="linknote-652"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 652 (<a href="#linknoteref-652">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage mentions + 652 (<a href="#linknoteref-652">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage mentions the unfavourable change in the temper of the Commons; and William alludes to it repeatedly in his letters to Heinsius, Jan 21/31 1696, Jan 28/Feb 7.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-653" id="linknote-653"> + <a id="linknote-653"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 653 (<a href="#linknoteref-653">return</a>)<br /> [ The gaiety of the + 653 (<a href="#linknoteref-653">return</a>)<br > [ The gaiety of the Jacobites is said by Van Cleverskirke to have been noticed during some time; Feb 25/March 6 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-654" id="linknote-654"> + <a id="linknote-654"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 654 (<a href="#linknoteref-654">return</a>)<br /> [ Harris's deposition, + 654 (<a href="#linknoteref-654">return</a>)<br > [ Harris's deposition, March 28. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-655" id="linknote-655"> + <a id="linknote-655"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 655 (<a href="#linknoteref-655">return</a>)<br /> [ Hunt's deposition.] + 655 (<a href="#linknoteref-655">return</a>)<br > [ Hunt's deposition.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-656" id="linknote-656"> + <a id="linknote-656"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 656 (<a href="#linknoteref-656">return</a>)<br /> [ Fisher's and Harris's + 656 (<a href="#linknoteref-656">return</a>)<br > [ Fisher's and Harris's depositions.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-657" id="linknote-657"> + <a id="linknote-657"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 657 (<a href="#linknoteref-657">return</a>)<br /> [ Barclay's narrative, in + 657 (<a href="#linknoteref-657">return</a>)<br > [ Barclay's narrative, in the Life of James, ii. 548.; Paper by Charnock among the MSS. in the Bodleian Library.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-658" id="linknote-658"> + <a id="linknote-658"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 658 (<a href="#linknoteref-658">return</a>)<br /> [ Harris's deposition.] + 658 (<a href="#linknoteref-658">return</a>)<br > [ Harris's deposition.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-659" id="linknote-659"> + <a id="linknote-659"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 659 (<a href="#linknoteref-659">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Bernardi's + 659 (<a href="#linknoteref-659">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Bernardi's autobiography is not at all to be trusted.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-660" id="linknote-660"> + <a id="linknote-660"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 660 (<a href="#linknoteref-660">return</a>)<br /> [ See his trial.] + 660 (<a href="#linknoteref-660">return</a>)<br > [ See his trial.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-661" id="linknote-661"> + <a id="linknote-661"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 661 (<a href="#linknoteref-661">return</a>)<br /> [ Fisher's deposition; + 661 (<a href="#linknoteref-661">return</a>)<br > [ Fisher's deposition; Knightley's deposition; Cranburne's trial; De la Rue's deposition.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-662" id="linknote-662"> + <a id="linknote-662"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 662 (<a href="#linknoteref-662">return</a>)<br /> [ See the trials and + 662 (<a href="#linknoteref-662">return</a>)<br > [ See the trials and depositions.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-663" id="linknote-663"> + <a id="linknote-663"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 663 (<a href="#linknoteref-663">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, March + 663 (<a href="#linknoteref-663">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, March 3/13] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-664" id="linknote-664"> + <a id="linknote-664"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 664 (<a href="#linknoteref-664">return</a>)<br /> [ See Berwick's Memoirs.] + 664 (<a href="#linknoteref-664">return</a>)<br > [ See Berwick's Memoirs.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-665" id="linknote-665"> + <a id="linknote-665"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 665 (<a href="#linknoteref-665">return</a>)<br /> [ Van Cleverskirke, Feb + 665 (<a href="#linknoteref-665">return</a>)<br > [ Van Cleverskirke, Feb 25/March 6 1696. I am confident that no sensible and impartial person, after attentively reading Berwick's narrative of these transactions and comparing it with the narrative in the Life of James (ii. 544.) which is @@ -30288,125 +29718,125 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger accessory to the design of assassination.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-666" id="linknote-666"> + <a id="linknote-666"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 666 (<a href="#linknoteref-666">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, March Feb + 666 (<a href="#linknoteref-666">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, March Feb 25/March 6] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-667" id="linknote-667"> + <a id="linknote-667"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 667 (<a href="#linknoteref-667">return</a>)<br /> [ My account of these + 667 (<a href="#linknoteref-667">return</a>)<br > [ My account of these events is taken chiefly from the trials and depositions. See also Burnet, ii. 165, 166, 167, and Blackmore's True and Impartial History, compiled under the direction of Shrewsbury and Somers, and Boyer's History of King William III., 1703.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-668" id="linknote-668"> + <a id="linknote-668"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 668 (<a href="#linknoteref-668">return</a>)<br /> [ Portland to Lexington, + 668 (<a href="#linknoteref-668">return</a>)<br > [ Portland to Lexington, March 3/13. 1696; Van Cleverskirke, Feb 25/Mar 6 L'Hermitage, same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-669" id="linknote-669"> + <a id="linknote-669"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 669 (<a href="#linknoteref-669">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 669 (<a href="#linknoteref-669">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 24 1695.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-670" id="linknote-670"> + <a id="linknote-670"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 670 (<a href="#linknoteref-670">return</a>)<br /> [ England's Enemies + 670 (<a href="#linknoteref-670">return</a>)<br > [ England's Enemies Exposed, 1701.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-671" id="linknote-671"> + <a id="linknote-671"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 671 (<a href="#linknoteref-671">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Feb. + 671 (<a href="#linknoteref-671">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Feb. 24. 1695/6.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-672" id="linknote-672"> + <a id="linknote-672"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 672 (<a href="#linknoteref-672">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Feb. 25. 1695/6; + 672 (<a href="#linknoteref-672">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Feb. 25. 1695/6; Van Cleverskirke, Feb 28/March 9; L'Hermitage, of the same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-673" id="linknote-673"> + <a id="linknote-673"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 673 (<a href="#linknoteref-673">return</a>)<br /> [ According to + 673 (<a href="#linknoteref-673">return</a>)<br > [ According to L'Hermitage, Feb 27/Mar 8,there were two of these fortunate hackney coachmen. A shrewd and vigilant hackney coachman indeed was from the nature of his calling, very likely to be successful in this sort of chase. The newspapers abound with proofs of the general enthusiasm.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-674" id="linknote-674"> + <a id="linknote-674"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 674 (<a href="#linknoteref-674">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman March 5. + 674 (<a href="#linknoteref-674">return</a>)<br > [ Postman March 5. 1695/6] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-675" id="linknote-675"> + <a id="linknote-675"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 675 (<a href="#linknoteref-675">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Feb. 29., March + 675 (<a href="#linknoteref-675">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Feb. 29., March 2., March 12., March 14. 1695/6.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-676" id="linknote-676"> + <a id="linknote-676"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 676 (<a href="#linknoteref-676">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman, March 12. + 676 (<a href="#linknoteref-676">return</a>)<br > [ Postman, March 12. 1696; Vernon to Lexington, March 13; Van Cleverskirke, March 13/23 The proceedings are fully reported in the Collection of State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-677" id="linknote-677"> + <a id="linknote-677"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 677 (<a href="#linknoteref-677">return</a>)<br /> [ Burnet, ii. 171.; The + 677 (<a href="#linknoteref-677">return</a>)<br > [ Burnet, ii. 171.; The Present Disposition of England considered; The answer entitled England's Enemies Exposed, 1701; L'Hermitage, March 17/27. 1696. L'Hermitage says, "Charnock a fait des grandes instances pour avoir sa grace, et a offert de tout declarer: mais elle lui a este refusee."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-678" id="linknote-678"> + <a id="linknote-678"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 678 (<a href="#linknoteref-678">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, March + 678 (<a href="#linknoteref-678">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, March 17/27] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-679" id="linknote-679"> + <a id="linknote-679"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 679 (<a href="#linknoteref-679">return</a>)<br /> [ This most curious paper + 679 (<a href="#linknoteref-679">return</a>)<br > [ This most curious paper is among the Nairne MSS. in the Bodleian Library. A short, and not perfectly ingenuous abstract of it will be found in the Life of James, ii. 555. Why Macpherson, who has printed many less interesting documents did @@ -30422,214 +29852,214 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger of the land duly interpreted and explained as by the law of God."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-680" id="linknote-680"> + <a id="linknote-680"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 680 (<a href="#linknoteref-680">return</a>)<br /> [ The trials of Friend + 680 (<a href="#linknoteref-680">return</a>)<br > [ The trials of Friend and Parkyns will be found, excellently reported, among the State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-681" id="linknote-681"> + <a id="linknote-681"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 681 (<a href="#linknoteref-681">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, April 3/13 + 681 (<a href="#linknoteref-681">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, April 3/13 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-682" id="linknote-682"> + <a id="linknote-682"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 682 (<a href="#linknoteref-682">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, + 682 (<a href="#linknoteref-682">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, April 1, 2. 1696; L'Hermitage, April 3/13. 1696; Van Cleverskirke, of the same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-683" id="linknote-683"> + <a id="linknote-683"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 683 (<a href="#linknoteref-683">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, April + 683 (<a href="#linknoteref-683">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, April 7/17. 1696. The Declaration of the Bishops, Collier's Defence, and Further Defence, and a long legal argument for Cook and Snatt will be found in the Collection of State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-684" id="linknote-684"> + <a id="linknote-684"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 684 (<a href="#linknoteref-684">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Manhunter, + 684 (<a href="#linknoteref-684">return</a>)<br > [ See the Manhunter, 1690.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-685" id="linknote-685"> + <a id="linknote-685"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 685 (<a href="#linknoteref-685">return</a>)<br /> [ State Trials.] + 685 (<a href="#linknoteref-685">return</a>)<br > [ State Trials.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-686" id="linknote-686"> + <a id="linknote-686"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 686 (<a href="#linknoteref-686">return</a>)<br /> [ The best, indeed the + 686 (<a href="#linknoteref-686">return</a>)<br > [ The best, indeed the only good, account of these debates is given by L'Hermitage, Feb 28/March 9 1696. He says, very truly; "La difference n'est qu'une dispute de mots, le droit qu'on a a une chose selon les loix estant aussy bon qu'il puisse estre."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-687" id="linknote-687"> + <a id="linknote-687"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 687 (<a href="#linknoteref-687">return</a>)<br /> [ See the London Gazettes + 687 (<a href="#linknoteref-687">return</a>)<br > [ See the London Gazettes during several weeks; L'Hermitage, March 24/April 3 April 14/24. 1696; Postman, April 9 25 30] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-688" id="linknote-688"> + <a id="linknote-688"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 688 (<a href="#linknoteref-688">return</a>)<br /> [ Journals of the Commons + 688 (<a href="#linknoteref-688">return</a>)<br > [ Journals of the Commons and Lords; L'Hermitage, April 7/17 10/20 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-689" id="linknote-689"> + <a id="linknote-689"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 689 (<a href="#linknoteref-689">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Freeholder's + 689 (<a href="#linknoteref-689">return</a>)<br > [ See the Freeholder's Plea against Stockjobbing Elections of Parliament Men, and the Considerations upon Corrupt Elections of Members to serve in Parliament. Both these pamphlets were published in 1701.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-690" id="linknote-690"> + <a id="linknote-690"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 690 (<a href="#linknoteref-690">return</a>)<br /> [ The history of this + 690 (<a href="#linknoteref-690">return</a>)<br > [ The history of this bill will be found in the Journals of the Commons, and in a very interesting despatch of L'Hermitage, April 14/24 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-691" id="linknote-691"> + <a id="linknote-691"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 691 (<a href="#linknoteref-691">return</a>)<br /> [ The Act is 7 & 8 + 691 (<a href="#linknoteref-691">return</a>)<br > [ The Act is 7 & 8 Will. 3. c. 31. Its history maybe traced in the Journals.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-692" id="linknote-692"> + <a id="linknote-692"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 692 (<a href="#linknoteref-692">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, May 4. + 692 (<a href="#linknoteref-692">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, May 4. 1696] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-693" id="linknote-693"> + <a id="linknote-693"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 693 (<a href="#linknoteref-693">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. March 12. 16. + 693 (<a href="#linknoteref-693">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. March 12. 16. 1696; Monthly Mercury for March, 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-694" id="linknote-694"> + <a id="linknote-694"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 694 (<a href="#linknoteref-694">return</a>)<br /> [ The Act provided that + 694 (<a href="#linknoteref-694">return</a>)<br > [ The Act provided that the clipped money must be brought in before the fourth of May. As the third was a Sunday, the second was practically the last day.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-695" id="linknote-695"> + <a id="linknote-695"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 695 (<a href="#linknoteref-695">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, May 5/15 + 695 (<a href="#linknoteref-695">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, May 5/15 1696; London Newsletter, May 4., May 6. In the Newsletter the fourth of May is mentioned as "the day so much taken notice of for the universal concern people had in it."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-696" id="linknote-696"> + <a id="linknote-696"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 696 (<a href="#linknoteref-696">return</a>)<br /> [ London Newsletter, May + 696 (<a href="#linknoteref-696">return</a>)<br > [ London Newsletter, May 21. 1696; Old Postmaster, June 25.; L'Hermitage, May 19/29.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-697" id="linknote-697"> + <a id="linknote-697"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 697 (<a href="#linknoteref-697">return</a>)<br /> [ Haynes's Brief Memoirs, + 697 (<a href="#linknoteref-697">return</a>)<br > [ Haynes's Brief Memoirs, Lansdowne MSS. 801.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-698" id="linknote-698"> + <a id="linknote-698"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 698 (<a href="#linknoteref-698">return</a>)<br /> [ See the petition from + 698 (<a href="#linknoteref-698">return</a>)<br > [ See the petition from Birmingham in the Commons' Journals, Nov. 12. 1696; and the petition from Leicester, Nov. 21] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-699" id="linknote-699"> + <a id="linknote-699"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 699 (<a href="#linknoteref-699">return</a>)<br /> [ "Money exceeding + 699 (<a href="#linknoteref-699">return</a>)<br > [ "Money exceeding scarce, so that none was paid or received; but all was on trust."—Evelyn, May 13. And again, on June 11.: "Want of current money to carry on the smallest concerns, even for daily provisions in the markets."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-700" id="linknote-700"> + <a id="linknote-700"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 700 (<a href="#linknoteref-700">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, May + 700 (<a href="#linknoteref-700">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, May 22/June 1; See a Letter of Dryden to Tonson, which Malone, with great probability, supposes to have been written at this time.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-701" id="linknote-701"> + <a id="linknote-701"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 701 (<a href="#linknoteref-701">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage to the + 701 (<a href="#linknoteref-701">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage to the States General May 8/18.; Paris Gazette, June 2/12.; Trial and Condemnation of the Land Bank at Exeter Change for murdering the Bank of England at Grocers' Hall, 1696. The Will and the Epitaph will be found in the Trial.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-702" id="linknote-702"> + <a id="linknote-702"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 702 (<a href="#linknoteref-702">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, June + 702 (<a href="#linknoteref-702">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, June 12/22. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-703" id="linknote-703"> + <a id="linknote-703"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 703 (<a href="#linknoteref-703">return</a>)<br /> [ On this subject see the + 703 (<a href="#linknoteref-703">return</a>)<br > [ On this subject see the Short History of the Last Parliament, 1699; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; the newspapers of 1696 passim, and the letters of L'Hermitage passim. See also the petition of the Clothiers of Gloucester in the Commons' Journal, @@ -30637,11 +30067,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger subject with even more than his usual acrimony.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-704" id="linknote-704"> + <a id="linknote-704"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 704 (<a href="#linknoteref-704">return</a>)<br /> [ See L'Hermitage, June + 704 (<a href="#linknoteref-704">return</a>)<br > [ See L'Hermitage, June 12/22, June 23/July, 3 June 30/July 10, Aug 1/11 Aug 28/Sept 7 1696. The Postman of August 15. mentions the great benefit derived from the Exchequer Bills. The Pegasus of Aug. 24. says: "The Exchequer Bills do @@ -30654,7 +30084,7 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger unmetrical and almost unintelligible doggrel which the Jacobite poets published on this subject:— </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Pray, Sir, did you hear of the late proclamation, Of sending paper for payment quite thro' the nation? Yes, Sir, I have: they're your Montague's notes, @@ -30663,60 +30093,60 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger They come by the carrier and go by the post."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-705" id="linknote-705"> + <a id="linknote-705"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 705 (<a href="#linknoteref-705">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 705 (<a href="#linknoteref-705">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 25. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-706" id="linknote-706"> + <a id="linknote-706"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 706 (<a href="#linknoteref-706">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, June 2/12. + 706 (<a href="#linknoteref-706">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, June 2/12. 1696; Commons' Journals, Nov. 25.; Post-man, May 5., June 4., July 2.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-707" id="linknote-707"> + <a id="linknote-707"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 707 (<a href="#linknoteref-707">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, July. + 707 (<a href="#linknoteref-707">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, July. [3]/13 10/20 1696; Commons' Journals, Nov. 25.; Paris Gazette, June 30., Aug. 25.; Old Postmaster, July 9.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-708" id="linknote-708"> + <a id="linknote-708"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 708 (<a href="#linknoteref-708">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 708 (<a href="#linknoteref-708">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, July 30. 1696; William to Shrewsbury, July 23. 30. 31.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-709" id="linknote-709"> + <a id="linknote-709"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 709 (<a href="#linknoteref-709">return</a>)<br /> [ Shrewsbury to William, + 709 (<a href="#linknoteref-709">return</a>)<br > [ Shrewsbury to William, July 28. 31., Aug. 4. 1696; L'Hermitage, Aug. 1/11] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-710" id="linknote-710"> + <a id="linknote-710"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 710 (<a href="#linknoteref-710">return</a>)<br /> [ Shrewsbury to William, + 710 (<a href="#linknoteref-710">return</a>)<br > [ Shrewsbury to William, Aug 7. 1696; L'Hermitage, Aug 14/24.; London Gazette, Aug. 13.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-711" id="linknote-711"> + <a id="linknote-711"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 711 (<a href="#linknoteref-711">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Aug. + 711 (<a href="#linknoteref-711">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Aug. [18]/28. 1696. Among the records of the Bank is a resolution of the Directors prescribing the very words which Sir John Houblon was to use. William's sense of the service done by the Bank on this occasion is @@ -30726,21 +30156,21 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger less occasion than the preservation of the kingdom."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-712" id="linknote-712"> + <a id="linknote-712"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 712 (<a href="#linknoteref-712">return</a>)<br /> [ Haynes's Brief + 712 (<a href="#linknoteref-712">return</a>)<br > [ Haynes's Brief Memoires; Lansdowne MSS. 801. Montague's friendly letter to Newton, announcing the appointment, has been repeatedly printed. It bears date March 19. 1695/6.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-713" id="linknote-713"> + <a id="linknote-713"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 713 (<a href="#linknoteref-713">return</a>)<br /> [ I have very great + 713 (<a href="#linknoteref-713">return</a>)<br > [ I have very great pleasure in quoting the words of Haynes, an able, experienced and practical man, who had been in the habit of transacting business with Newton. They have never I believe, been printed. "Mr. Isaac Newton, public @@ -30764,49 +30194,49 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger the business of casting up pounds, shillings and pence.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-714" id="linknote-714"> + <a id="linknote-714"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 714 (<a href="#linknoteref-714">return</a>)<br /> [ "I do not love," he + 714 (<a href="#linknoteref-714">return</a>)<br > [ "I do not love," he wrote to Flamsteed, "to be printed on every occasion, much less to be dunned and teased by foreigners about mathematical things, or to be thought by our own people to be trifling away my time about them, when I am about the King's business."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-715" id="linknote-715"> + <a id="linknote-715"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 715 (<a href="#linknoteref-715">return</a>)<br /> [ Hopton Haynes's Brief + 715 (<a href="#linknoteref-715">return</a>)<br > [ Hopton Haynes's Brief Memoires; Lansdowne MSS. 801.; the Old Postmaster, July 4. 1696; the Postman May 30., July 4, September 12. 19., October 8,; L'Hermitage's despatches of this summer and autumn, passim.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-716" id="linknote-716"> + <a id="linknote-716"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 716 (<a href="#linknoteref-716">return</a>)<br /> [ Paris Gazette, Aug. 11. + 716 (<a href="#linknoteref-716">return</a>)<br > [ Paris Gazette, Aug. 11. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-717" id="linknote-717"> + <a id="linknote-717"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 717 (<a href="#linknoteref-717">return</a>)<br /> [ On the 7th of August + 717 (<a href="#linknoteref-717">return</a>)<br > [ On the 7th of August L'Hermitage remarked for the first time that money seemed to be more abundant.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-718" id="linknote-718"> + <a id="linknote-718"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 718 (<a href="#linknoteref-718">return</a>)<br /> [ Compare Edmund Bohn's + 718 (<a href="#linknoteref-718">return</a>)<br > [ Compare Edmund Bohn's Letter to Carey of the 31st of July 1696 with the Paris Gazette of the same date. Bohn's description of the state of Norfolk is coloured, no doubt, by his constitutionally gloomy temper, and by the feeling with @@ -30816,11 +30246,11 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger neighbourhood.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-719" id="linknote-719"> + <a id="linknote-719"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 719 (<a href="#linknoteref-719">return</a>)<br /> [ As to Grascombe's + 719 (<a href="#linknoteref-719">return</a>)<br > [ As to Grascombe's character, and the opinion entertained of him by the most estimable Jacobites, see the Life of Kettlewell, part iii., section 55. Lee the compiler of the Life of Kettlewell mentions with just censure some of @@ -30831,69 +30261,69 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Commons. See the Journals, Nov. 30. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-720" id="linknote-720"> + <a id="linknote-720"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 720 (<a href="#linknoteref-720">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, June + 720 (<a href="#linknoteref-720">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, June 12/22., July 7/17. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-721" id="linknote-721"> + <a id="linknote-721"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 721 (<a href="#linknoteref-721">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Answer to + 721 (<a href="#linknoteref-721">return</a>)<br > [ See the Answer to Grascombe, entitled Reflections on a Scandalous Libel.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-722" id="linknote-722"> + <a id="linknote-722"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 722 (<a href="#linknoteref-722">return</a>)<br /> [ Paris Gazette, Sept. + 722 (<a href="#linknoteref-722">return</a>)<br > [ Paris Gazette, Sept. 15. 1696,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-723" id="linknote-723"> + <a id="linknote-723"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 723 (<a href="#linknoteref-723">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Oct. 2/12 + 723 (<a href="#linknoteref-723">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Oct. 2/12 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-724" id="linknote-724"> + <a id="linknote-724"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 724 (<a href="#linknoteref-724">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, July + 724 (<a href="#linknoteref-724">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, July 20/30., Oct. 2/12 9/10 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-725" id="linknote-725"> + <a id="linknote-725"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 725 (<a href="#linknoteref-725">return</a>)<br /> [ The Monthly Mercuries; + 725 (<a href="#linknoteref-725">return</a>)<br > [ The Monthly Mercuries; Correspondence between Shrewsbury and Galway; William to Heinsius, July 23. 30. 1696; Memoir of the Marquess of Leganes.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-726" id="linknote-726"> + <a id="linknote-726"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 726 (<a href="#linknoteref-726">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 726 (<a href="#linknoteref-726">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, Aug 27/Sept 6, Nov 15/25 Nov. 17/27 1696; Prior to Lexington, Nov. 17/27; Villiers to Shrewsbury, Nov. 13/23] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-727" id="linknote-727"> + <a id="linknote-727"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 727 (<a href="#linknoteref-727">return</a>)<br /> [ My account of the + 727 (<a href="#linknoteref-727">return</a>)<br > [ My account of the attempt to corrupt Porter is taken from his examination before the House of Commons on Nov. 16. 1696, and from the following sources: Burnet, ii. 183.; L'Hermitage to the States General, May 8/18. 12/22 1696; the @@ -30901,123 +30331,123 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger Gazette, Oct. 19. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-728" id="linknote-728"> + <a id="linknote-728"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 728 (<a href="#linknoteref-728">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette; + 728 (<a href="#linknoteref-728">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette; Narcissus Luttrell; L'Hermitage, June 12/22; Postman, June 11.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-729" id="linknote-729"> + <a id="linknote-729"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 729 (<a href="#linknoteref-729">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of William III. + 729 (<a href="#linknoteref-729">return</a>)<br > [ Life of William III. 1703; Vernon's evidence given in his place in the House of Commons, Nov. 16. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-730" id="linknote-730"> + <a id="linknote-730"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 730 (<a href="#linknoteref-730">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Shrewsbury + 730 (<a href="#linknoteref-730">return</a>)<br > [ William to Shrewsbury from Loo, Sept. 10. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-731" id="linknote-731"> + <a id="linknote-731"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 731 (<a href="#linknoteref-731">return</a>)<br /> [ Shrewsbury to William, + 731 (<a href="#linknoteref-731">return</a>)<br > [ Shrewsbury to William, Sept. 18. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-732" id="linknote-732"> + <a id="linknote-732"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 732 (<a href="#linknoteref-732">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Shrewsbury, + 732 (<a href="#linknoteref-732">return</a>)<br > [ William to Shrewsbury, Sept. 25. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-733" id="linknote-733"> + <a id="linknote-733"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 733 (<a href="#linknoteref-733">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Oct. 8. + 733 (<a href="#linknoteref-733">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Oct. 8. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, October 8. Shrewsbury to Portland, Oct. 11.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-734" id="linknote-734"> + <a id="linknote-734"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 734 (<a href="#linknoteref-734">return</a>)<br /> [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, + 734 (<a href="#linknoteref-734">return</a>)<br > [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, Oct. 13. 1696; Somers to Shrewsbury, Oct. 15.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-735" id="linknote-735"> + <a id="linknote-735"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 735 (<a href="#linknoteref-735">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Shrewsbury, + 735 (<a href="#linknoteref-735">return</a>)<br > [ William to Shrewsbury, Oct. 9. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-736" id="linknote-736"> + <a id="linknote-736"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 736 (<a href="#linknoteref-736">return</a>)<br /> [ Shrewsbury to William, + 736 (<a href="#linknoteref-736">return</a>)<br > [ Shrewsbury to William, Oct. 11. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-737" id="linknote-737"> + <a id="linknote-737"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 737 (<a href="#linknoteref-737">return</a>)<br /> [ Somers to Shrewsbury, + 737 (<a href="#linknoteref-737">return</a>)<br > [ Somers to Shrewsbury, Oct. 19. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-738" id="linknote-738"> + <a id="linknote-738"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 738 (<a href="#linknoteref-738">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Shrewsbury, + 738 (<a href="#linknoteref-738">return</a>)<br > [ William to Shrewsbury, Oct. 20. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-739" id="linknote-739"> + <a id="linknote-739"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 739 (<a href="#linknoteref-739">return</a>)<br /> [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, + 739 (<a href="#linknoteref-739">return</a>)<br > [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, Oct. 13. 15.; Portland to Shrewsbury, Oct, 20, 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-740" id="linknote-740"> + <a id="linknote-740"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 740 (<a href="#linknoteref-740">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, July 10/20 + 740 (<a href="#linknoteref-740">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, July 10/20 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-741" id="linknote-741"> + <a id="linknote-741"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 741 (<a href="#linknoteref-741">return</a>)<br /> [ Lansdowne MS. 801.] + 741 (<a href="#linknoteref-741">return</a>)<br > [ Lansdowne MS. 801.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-742" id="linknote-742"> + <a id="linknote-742"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 742 (<a href="#linknoteref-742">return</a>)<br /> [ I take my account of + 742 (<a href="#linknoteref-742">return</a>)<br > [ I take my account of these proceedings from the Commons' Journals, from the despatches of Van Cleverskirke and L'Hermitage to the States General, and from Vernon's letter to Shrewsbury of the 27th of October 1696. "I don't know," says @@ -31025,20 +30455,20 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger they do at present."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-743" id="linknote-743"> + <a id="linknote-743"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 743 (<a href="#linknoteref-743">return</a>)<br /> [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, + 743 (<a href="#linknoteref-743">return</a>)<br > [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, Oct. 29. 1696; L'Hermitage, Oct 30/Nov 9 L'Hermitage calls Howe Jaques Haut. No doubt the Frenchman had always heard Howe spoken of as Jack.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-744" id="linknote-744"> + <a id="linknote-744"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 744 (<a href="#linknoteref-744">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman, October 24. + 744 (<a href="#linknoteref-744">return</a>)<br > [ Postman, October 24. 1696; L'Hermitage, Oct 23/Nov 2. L'Hermitage says: "On commence deja a ressentir des effets avantageux des promptes et favorables resolutions que la Chambre des Communes prit Mardy. Le discomte des billets de banque, qui @@ -31046,107 +30476,107 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger aussy augmente, aussy bien que les taillis."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-745" id="linknote-745"> + <a id="linknote-745"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 745 (<a href="#linknoteref-745">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 745 (<a href="#linknoteref-745">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, Nov. 13/23 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-746" id="linknote-746"> + <a id="linknote-746"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 746 (<a href="#linknoteref-746">return</a>)<br /> [ Actes et Memoires des + 746 (<a href="#linknoteref-746">return</a>)<br > [ Actes et Memoires des Negociations de la Paix de Ryswick, 1707; Villiers to Shrewsbury Dec. 1. 4/14. 1696; Letter of Heinsius quoted by M. Sirtema de Grovestins. Of this letter I have not a copy.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-747" id="linknote-747"> + <a id="linknote-747"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 747 (<a href="#linknoteref-747">return</a>)<br /> [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, + 747 (<a href="#linknoteref-747">return</a>)<br > [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec. 8. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-748" id="linknote-748"> + <a id="linknote-748"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 748 (<a href="#linknoteref-748">return</a>)<br /> [ Wharton to Shrewsbury, + 748 (<a href="#linknoteref-748">return</a>)<br > [ Wharton to Shrewsbury, Oct. 27. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-749" id="linknote-749"> + <a id="linknote-749"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 749 (<a href="#linknoteref-749">return</a>)<br /> [ Somers to Shrewsbury, + 749 (<a href="#linknoteref-749">return</a>)<br > [ Somers to Shrewsbury, Oct. 27. 31. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Oct. 31.; Wharton to Shrewsbury, Nov. 10. "I am apt to think," says Wharton, "there never was more management than in bringing that about."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-750" id="linknote-750"> + <a id="linknote-750"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 750 (<a href="#linknoteref-750">return</a>)<br /> [ See for example a poem + 750 (<a href="#linknoteref-750">return</a>)<br > [ See for example a poem on the last Treasury day at Kensington, March 1696/7.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-751" id="linknote-751"> + <a id="linknote-751"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 751 (<a href="#linknoteref-751">return</a>)<br /> [ Somers to Shrewsbury, + 751 (<a href="#linknoteref-751">return</a>)<br > [ Somers to Shrewsbury, Oct 31. 1696; Wharton to Shrewsbury, of the same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-752" id="linknote-752"> + <a id="linknote-752"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 752 (<a href="#linknoteref-752">return</a>)<br /> [ Somers to Shrewsbury, + 752 (<a href="#linknoteref-752">return</a>)<br > [ Somers to Shrewsbury, Nov. 3. 1696. The King's unwillingness to see Fenwick is mentioned in Somers's letter of the 15th of October.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-753" id="linknote-753"> + <a id="linknote-753"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 753 (<a href="#linknoteref-753">return</a>)<br /> [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, + 753 (<a href="#linknoteref-753">return</a>)<br > [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, Nov. 3. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-754" id="linknote-754"> + <a id="linknote-754"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 754 (<a href="#linknoteref-754">return</a>)<br /> [ The circumstances of + 754 (<a href="#linknoteref-754">return</a>)<br > [ The circumstances of Goodman's flight were ascertained three years later by the Earl of Manchester, when Ambassador at Paris, and by him communicated to Jersey in a letter dated Sept 25/Oct 5 1699.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-755" id="linknote-755"> + <a id="linknote-755"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 755 (<a href="#linknoteref-755">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette Nov. 9. + 755 (<a href="#linknoteref-755">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette Nov. 9. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Nov. 3.; Van Cleverskirke and L'Hermitage of the same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-756" id="linknote-756"> + <a id="linknote-756"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 756 (<a href="#linknoteref-756">return</a>)<br /> [ The account of the + 756 (<a href="#linknoteref-756">return</a>)<br > [ The account of the events of this day I have taken from the Commons' Journals; the valuable work entitled Proceedings in Parliament against Sir John Fenwick, Bart. upon a Bill of Attainder for High Treason, 1696; Vernon's Letter to @@ -31155,119 +30585,119 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger difficulty in obtaining the absolution of Godolphin.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-757" id="linknote-757"> + <a id="linknote-757"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 757 (<a href="#linknoteref-757">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 757 (<a href="#linknoteref-757">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 9. 1696—Vernon to Shrewsbury, Nov. 10. The editor of the State Trials is mistaken in supposing that the quotation from Caesar's speech was made in the debate of the 13th.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-758" id="linknote-758"> + <a id="linknote-758"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 758 (<a href="#linknoteref-758">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Nov. + 758 (<a href="#linknoteref-758">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Nov. 13. 16, 17.; Proceedings against Sir John Fenwick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-759" id="linknote-759"> + <a id="linknote-759"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 759 (<a href="#linknoteref-759">return</a>)<br /> [ A Letter to a Friend in + 759 (<a href="#linknoteref-759">return</a>)<br > [ A Letter to a Friend in Vindication of the Proceedings against Sir John Fenwick, 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-760" id="linknote-760"> + <a id="linknote-760"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 760 (<a href="#linknoteref-760">return</a>)<br /> [ This incident is + 760 (<a href="#linknoteref-760">return</a>)<br > [ This incident is mentioned by L'Hermitage.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-761" id="linknote-761"> + <a id="linknote-761"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 761 (<a href="#linknoteref-761">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage tells us + 761 (<a href="#linknoteref-761">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage tells us that such things took place in these debates.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-762" id="linknote-762"> + <a id="linknote-762"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 762 (<a href="#linknoteref-762">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Lords' + 762 (<a href="#linknoteref-762">return</a>)<br > [ See the Lords' Journals, Nov. 14., Nov. 30., Dec. 1. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-763" id="linknote-763"> + <a id="linknote-763"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 763 (<a href="#linknoteref-763">return</a>)<br /> [ Wharton to Shrewsbury, + 763 (<a href="#linknoteref-763">return</a>)<br > [ Wharton to Shrewsbury, Dec. 1. 1696; L'Hermitage, of same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-764" id="linknote-764"> + <a id="linknote-764"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 764 (<a href="#linknoteref-764">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Dec. 4/14. + 764 (<a href="#linknoteref-764">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Dec. 4/14. 1696; Wharton to Shrewsbury, Dec. 1.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-765" id="linknote-765"> + <a id="linknote-765"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 765 (<a href="#linknoteref-765">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals Dec. 8. + 765 (<a href="#linknoteref-765">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals Dec. 8. 1696; L'Hermitage, of the same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-766" id="linknote-766"> + <a id="linknote-766"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 766 (<a href="#linknoteref-766">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Dec. 15/25 + 766 (<a href="#linknoteref-766">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Dec. 15/25 18/28 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-767" id="linknote-767"> + <a id="linknote-767"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 767 (<a href="#linknoteref-767">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Dec. 18/28 1696.] + 767 (<a href="#linknoteref-767">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Dec. 18/28 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-768" id="linknote-768"> + <a id="linknote-768"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 768 (<a href="#linknoteref-768">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Dec. + 768 (<a href="#linknoteref-768">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Dec. 15. 1696; L'Hermitage, Dec. 18/28; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec. 15. About the numbers there is a slight difference between Vernon and L'Hermitage. I have followed Vernon.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-769" id="linknote-769"> + <a id="linknote-769"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 769 (<a href="#linknoteref-769">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Dec. + 769 (<a href="#linknoteref-769">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Dec. 18. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec. 19.; L'Hermitage, Dec 22/Jan 1. I take the numbers from Vernon.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-770" id="linknote-770"> + <a id="linknote-770"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 770 (<a href="#linknoteref-770">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Dec. + 770 (<a href="#linknoteref-770">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Dec. 25 1696; L'Hermitage, Dec 26/Jan 4. In the Vernon Correspondence there is a letter from Vernon to Shrewsbury giving an account of the transactions of this day; but it is erroneously dated Dec. 2., and is placed according @@ -31280,149 +30710,149 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger authorities.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-771" id="linknote-771"> + <a id="linknote-771"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 771 (<a href="#linknoteref-771">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Dec. + 771 (<a href="#linknoteref-771">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Dec. 23. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec. 24; L'Hermitage, Dec 25/Jan 4.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-772" id="linknote-772"> + <a id="linknote-772"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 772 (<a href="#linknoteref-772">return</a>)<br /> [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, + 772 (<a href="#linknoteref-772">return</a>)<br > [ Vernon to Shrewsbury, Dec, 24 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-773" id="linknote-773"> + <a id="linknote-773"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 773 (<a href="#linknoteref-773">return</a>)<br /> [ Dohna, who knew + 773 (<a href="#linknoteref-773">return</a>)<br > [ Dohna, who knew Monmouth well, describes him thus: "Il avoit de l'esprit infiniment, et meme du plus agreable; mais il y avoir un peu trop de haut et de bas dans son fait. Il ne savoit ce que c'etoit que de menager les gens; et il turlupinoit a l'outrance ceux qui ne lui plaisoient pas."] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-774" id="linknote-774"> + <a id="linknote-774"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 774 (<a href="#linknoteref-774">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Jan. 12/22 + 774 (<a href="#linknoteref-774">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Jan. 12/22 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-775" id="linknote-775"> + <a id="linknote-775"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 775 (<a href="#linknoteref-775">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Jan. + 775 (<a href="#linknoteref-775">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Jan. 9. 1696/7; Vernon to Shrewsbury, of the same date; L'Hermitage, Jan. 12/22.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-776" id="linknote-776"> + <a id="linknote-776"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 776 (<a href="#linknoteref-776">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Jan. + 776 (<a href="#linknoteref-776">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Jan. 15. 1691; Vernon to Shrewsbury, of the same date; L'Hermitage, of the same date.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-777" id="linknote-777"> + <a id="linknote-777"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 777 (<a href="#linknoteref-777">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman, Dec. 29. 31. + 777 (<a href="#linknoteref-777">return</a>)<br > [ Postman, Dec. 29. 31. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-778" id="linknote-778"> + <a id="linknote-778"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 778 (<a href="#linknoteref-778">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Jan. + 778 (<a href="#linknoteref-778">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Jan. 12/22. 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-779" id="linknote-779"> + <a id="linknote-779"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 779 (<a href="#linknoteref-779">return</a>)<br /> [ Van Cleverskirke, Jan. + 779 (<a href="#linknoteref-779">return</a>)<br > [ Van Cleverskirke, Jan. 12/22. 1697; L'Hermitage, Jan. 15/25.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-780" id="linknote-780"> + <a id="linknote-780"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 780 (<a href="#linknoteref-780">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Jan. + 780 (<a href="#linknoteref-780">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Jan. 15/25. 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-781" id="linknote-781"> + <a id="linknote-781"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 781 (<a href="#linknoteref-781">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Jan. + 781 (<a href="#linknoteref-781">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Jan. 22. 26. 1696/7; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Jan. 26.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-782" id="linknote-782"> + <a id="linknote-782"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 782 (<a href="#linknoteref-782">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 782 (<a href="#linknoteref-782">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 27. 169. The entry in the journals, which might easily escape notice, is explained by a letter of L'Hermitage, written Jan 29/Feb 8] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-783" id="linknote-783"> + <a id="linknote-783"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 783 (<a href="#linknoteref-783">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Jan 29/Feb + 783 (<a href="#linknoteref-783">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Jan 29/Feb 8; 1697; London Gazette, Feb. 1.; Paris Gazette; Vernon to Shrewsbury; Jan. 28.; Burnet, ii. 193.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-784" id="linknote-784"> + <a id="linknote-784"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 784 (<a href="#linknoteref-784">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, + 784 (<a href="#linknoteref-784">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, December 19. 1696; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Nov. 28. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-785" id="linknote-785"> + <a id="linknote-785"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 785 (<a href="#linknoteref-785">return</a>)<br /> [ Lords' Journals, Jan. + 785 (<a href="#linknoteref-785">return</a>)<br > [ Lords' Journals, Jan. 23. 1696/7; Vernon to Shrewsbury, Jan. 23.; L'Hermitage, Jan 26/Feb 5.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-786" id="linknote-786"> + <a id="linknote-786"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 786 (<a href="#linknoteref-786">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Jan. + 786 (<a href="#linknoteref-786">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Jan. 26. 1696/7; Vernon to Shrewsbury and Van Cleverskirke to the States General of the same date. It is curious that the King and the Lords should have made so strenuous a fight against the Commons in defence of one of the five points of the Peoples Charter.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-787" id="linknote-787"> + <a id="linknote-787"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 787 (<a href="#linknoteref-787">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, + 787 (<a href="#linknoteref-787">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, April 1. 3. 1697; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary; L'Hermitage, April 2/12 As L'Hermitage says, "La plupart des membres, lorsqu'ils sont a la campagne, estant bien aises d'estre informez par plus d'un endroit de ce qui se @@ -31434,59 +30864,59 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger present.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-788" id="linknote-788"> + <a id="linknote-788"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 788 (<a href="#linknoteref-788">return</a>)<br /> [ Narcissus Luttrell's + 788 (<a href="#linknoteref-788">return</a>)<br > [ Narcissus Luttrell's Diary, June 1691, May 1693.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-789" id="linknote-789"> + <a id="linknote-789"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 789 (<a href="#linknoteref-789">return</a>)<br /> [ Commons' Journals, Dec + 789 (<a href="#linknoteref-789">return</a>)<br > [ Commons' Journals, Dec 30. 1696; Postman, July 4. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-790" id="linknote-790"> + <a id="linknote-790"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 790 (<a href="#linknoteref-790">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman April 22. 1696; + 790 (<a href="#linknoteref-790">return</a>)<br > [ Postman April 22. 1696; Narcissus Luttrell's Diary.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-791" id="linknote-791"> + <a id="linknote-791"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 791 (<a href="#linknoteref-791">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 791 (<a href="#linknoteref-791">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 26. 29. 1697,] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-792" id="linknote-792"> + <a id="linknote-792"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 792 (<a href="#linknoteref-792">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 792 (<a href="#linknoteref-792">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 29. 1697; L'Hermitage, April 23/May 3] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-793" id="linknote-793"> + <a id="linknote-793"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 793 (<a href="#linknoteref-793">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 793 (<a href="#linknoteref-793">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 26. 29 1697 L'Hermitage, April 23/May 3] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-794" id="linknote-794"> + <a id="linknote-794"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 794 (<a href="#linknoteref-794">return</a>)<br /> [ What the opinion of the + 794 (<a href="#linknoteref-794">return</a>)<br > [ What the opinion of the public was we learn from a letter written by L'Hermitage immediately after Godolphin's resignation, Nov 3/13. 1696, "Le public tourne plus la veue sur le Sieur Montegu, qui a la seconde charge de la Tresorerie que sur @@ -31494,104 +30924,104 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger letter of Vernon to Shrewsbury, dated May 1. 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-795" id="linknote-795"> + <a id="linknote-795"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 795 (<a href="#linknoteref-795">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, April + 795 (<a href="#linknoteref-795">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, April 22. 26: 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-796" id="linknote-796"> + <a id="linknote-796"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 796 (<a href="#linknoteref-796">return</a>)<br /> [ Postman, Jan. 26; Mar. + 796 (<a href="#linknoteref-796">return</a>)<br > [ Postman, Jan. 26; Mar. 7. 11. 1696/7; April 8. 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-797" id="linknote-797"> + <a id="linknote-797"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 797 (<a href="#linknoteref-797">return</a>)<br /> [ Ibid. Oct. 29. 1696.] + 797 (<a href="#linknoteref-797">return</a>)<br > [ Ibid. Oct. 29. 1696.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-798" id="linknote-798"> + <a id="linknote-798"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 798 (<a href="#linknoteref-798">return</a>)<br /> [ Howell's State Trials; + 798 (<a href="#linknoteref-798">return</a>)<br > [ Howell's State Trials; Postman, Jan. 9/19 1696/7.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-799" id="linknote-799"> + <a id="linknote-799"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 799 (<a href="#linknoteref-799">return</a>)<br /> [ See the Protocol of + 799 (<a href="#linknoteref-799">return</a>)<br > [ See the Protocol of February 10 1697, in the Actes et Memoires des Negociations de la Paix de Ryswick, 1707.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-800" id="linknote-800"> + <a id="linknote-800"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 800 (<a href="#linknoteref-800">return</a>)<br /> [ William to Heinsius, + 800 (<a href="#linknoteref-800">return</a>)<br > [ William to Heinsius, Dec. 11/21 1696. There are similar expressions in other letters written by the King about the same time.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-801" id="linknote-801"> + <a id="linknote-801"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 801 (<a href="#linknoteref-801">return</a>)<br /> [ See the papers drawn up + 801 (<a href="#linknoteref-801">return</a>)<br > [ See the papers drawn up at Vienna, and dated Sept. 16. 1696, and March 14 1697. See also the protocol drawn up at the Hague, March 14. 1697. These documents will be found in the Actes et Memoires des Negociations de la Paix de Ryswick, 1707.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-802" id="linknote-802"> + <a id="linknote-802"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 802 (<a href="#linknoteref-802">return</a>)<br /> [ Characters of all the + 802 (<a href="#linknoteref-802">return</a>)<br > [ Characters of all the three French ministers are given by Saint Simon.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-803" id="linknote-803"> + <a id="linknote-803"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 803 (<a href="#linknoteref-803">return</a>)<br /> [ Actes et Memoires des + 803 (<a href="#linknoteref-803">return</a>)<br > [ Actes et Memoires des Negociations de la Paix de Ryswick.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-804" id="linknote-804"> + <a id="linknote-804"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 804 (<a href="#linknoteref-804">return</a>)<br /> [ An engraving and ground + 804 (<a href="#linknoteref-804">return</a>)<br > [ An engraving and ground plan of the mansion will be found in the Actes et Memoires.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-805" id="linknote-805"> + <a id="linknote-805"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 805 (<a href="#linknoteref-805">return</a>)<br /> [ Whoever wishes to be + 805 (<a href="#linknoteref-805">return</a>)<br > [ Whoever wishes to be fully informed as to the idle controversies and mummeries in which the Congress wasted its time, may consult the Actes et Memoires.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-806" id="linknote-806"> + <a id="linknote-806"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 806 (<a href="#linknoteref-806">return</a>)<br /> [ Saint Simon was + 806 (<a href="#linknoteref-806">return</a>)<br > [ Saint Simon was certainly as good a judge of men as any of those English grumblers who called Portland a dunce and a boor; Saint Simon too had every opportunity of forming a correct judgment; for he saw Portland in a situation full of @@ -31607,28 +31037,28 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger collection published by M. Grimblot.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-807" id="linknote-807"> + <a id="linknote-807"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 807 (<a href="#linknoteref-807">return</a>)<br /> [ Boufflers to Lewis, + 807 (<a href="#linknoteref-807">return</a>)<br > [ Boufflers to Lewis, June 21/July 1 1697; Lewis to Boufflers, June 22/July 2; Boufflers to Lewis, June 25/July 5] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-808" id="linknote-808"> + <a id="linknote-808"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 808 (<a href="#linknoteref-808">return</a>)<br /> [ Boufflers to Lewis June + 808 (<a href="#linknoteref-808">return</a>)<br > [ Boufflers to Lewis June 28/July 8, June 29/July 9 1697] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-809" id="linknote-809"> + <a id="linknote-809"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 809 (<a href="#linknoteref-809">return</a>)<br /> [ My account of this + 809 (<a href="#linknoteref-809">return</a>)<br > [ My account of this negotiation I have taken chiefly from the despatches in the French Foreign Office. Translations of those despatches have been published by M. Grimblot. See also Burnet, ii. 200, 201. @@ -31695,109 +31125,109 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger was not again mentioned in the negotiations.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-810" id="linknote-810"> + <a id="linknote-810"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 810 (<a href="#linknoteref-810">return</a>)<br /> [ Prior MS.; Williamson + 810 (<a href="#linknoteref-810">return</a>)<br > [ Prior MS.; Williamson to Lexington, July 20/30. 1697; Williamson to Shrewsbury, July 23/Aug 2] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-811" id="linknote-811"> + <a id="linknote-811"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 811 (<a href="#linknoteref-811">return</a>)<br /> [ The note of the French + 811 (<a href="#linknoteref-811">return</a>)<br > [ The note of the French ministers, dated July 10/20 1697, will be found in the Actes et Memoires.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-812" id="linknote-812"> + <a id="linknote-812"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 812 (<a href="#linknoteref-812">return</a>)<br /> [ Monthly Mercuries for + 812 (<a href="#linknoteref-812">return</a>)<br > [ Monthly Mercuries for August and September, 1697.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-813" id="linknote-813"> + <a id="linknote-813"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 813 (<a href="#linknoteref-813">return</a>)<br /> [ Life of James, ii: + 813 (<a href="#linknoteref-813">return</a>)<br > [ Life of James, ii: 565.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-814" id="linknote-814"> + <a id="linknote-814"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 814 (<a href="#linknoteref-814">return</a>)<br /> [ Actes et Memoires des + 814 (<a href="#linknoteref-814">return</a>)<br > [ Actes et Memoires des Negociations de la Paix de Ryswick; Life of James, ii. 566.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-815" id="linknote-815"> + <a id="linknote-815"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 815 (<a href="#linknoteref-815">return</a>)<br /> [ James's Protest will be + 815 (<a href="#linknoteref-815">return</a>)<br > [ James's Protest will be found in his Life, ii. 572.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-816" id="linknote-816"> + <a id="linknote-816"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 816 (<a href="#linknoteref-816">return</a>)<br /> [ Actes et Memoires des + 816 (<a href="#linknoteref-816">return</a>)<br > [ Actes et Memoires des Negociations de la Paix de Ryswick; Williamson to Lexington, Sept 14/24 1697; Prior MS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-817" id="linknote-817"> + <a id="linknote-817"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 817 (<a href="#linknoteref-817">return</a>)<br /> [ Prior MS.] + 817 (<a href="#linknoteref-817">return</a>)<br > [ Prior MS.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-818" id="linknote-818"> + <a id="linknote-818"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 818 (<a href="#linknoteref-818">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, July + 818 (<a href="#linknoteref-818">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, July 20/30; July 27/Aug 6, Aug 24/Sept 3, Aug 27/Sept 6 Aug 31/Sept 10 1697 Postman, Aug. 31.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-819" id="linknote-819"> + <a id="linknote-819"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 819 (<a href="#linknoteref-819">return</a>)<br /> [ Van Cleverskirke to the + 819 (<a href="#linknoteref-819">return</a>)<br > [ Van Cleverskirke to the States General, Sept. 14/24 1697; L'Hermitage, Sept. 14/24; Postscript to the Postman, of the same date; Postman and Postboy of Sept. 19/29 Postman of Sept. 18/28.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-820" id="linknote-820"> + <a id="linknote-820"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 820 (<a href="#linknoteref-820">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Sept + 820 (<a href="#linknoteref-820">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Sept 17/27, Sept 25/Oct 4 1697 Oct 19/29; Postman, Nov. 20.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-821" id="linknote-821"> + <a id="linknote-821"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 821 (<a href="#linknoteref-821">return</a>)<br /> [ L'Hermitage, Sept + 821 (<a href="#linknoteref-821">return</a>)<br > [ L'Hermitage, Sept 21/Oct 1 Nov 2/12 1697; Paris Gazette, Nov. 20/30; Postboy, Nov. 2. At this time appeared a pasquinade entitled, A Satyr upon the French King, written after the Peace was concluded at Reswick, anno 1697, by a Non-Swearing Parson, and said to be drop'd out of his Pocket at Sam's Coffee House. I quote a few of the most decent couplets. </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> +<pre> "Lord! with what monstrous lies and senseless shams Have we been cullied all along at Sam's! Who could have e'er believed, unless in spite @@ -31814,413 +31244,40 @@ Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger But now I'm clearly routed by the treaty."] </pre> <p> - <a name="linknote-822" id="linknote-822"> + <a id="linknote-822"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 822 (<a href="#linknoteref-822">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazettes; + 822 (<a href="#linknoteref-822">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazettes; Postboy of Nov. 18 1697; L'Hermitage, Nov. 5/15.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-823" id="linknote-823"> + <a id="linknote-823"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 823 (<a href="#linknoteref-823">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Nov. + 823 (<a href="#linknoteref-823">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Nov. 18. 22 1697; Van Cleverskirke Nov. 16/26, 19/29.; L'Hermitage, Nov. 16/26; Postboy and Postman, Nov. 18. William to Heinsius, Nov. 16/26] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-824" id="linknote-824"> + <a id="linknote-824"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 824 (<a href="#linknoteref-824">return</a>)<br /> [ Evelyn's Diary, Dec, 2. + 824 (<a href="#linknoteref-824">return</a>)<br > [ Evelyn's Diary, Dec, 2. 1697. The sermon is extant; and I must acknowledge that it deserves Evelyn's censure.] </p> <p> - <a name="linknote-825" id="linknote-825"> + <a id="linknote-825"> <!-- Note --></a> </p> <p class="foot"> - 825 (<a href="#linknoteref-825">return</a>)<br /> [ London Gazette, Dec. 6. + 825 (<a href="#linknoteref-825">return</a>)<br > [ London Gazette, Dec. 6. 1697; Postman, Dec. 4.; Van Cleverskirke, Dec. 2/12; L'Hermitage, Nov. 19/29.] </p> - <p> - <br /><br /> - </p> -<pre xml:space="preserve"> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of England from the -Accession of James II., by Thomas Babington Macaulay - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ENGLAND *** - -***** This file should be named 2613-h.htm or 2613-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/2/6/1/2613/ - -Produced by Martin Adamson and David Widger - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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