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diff --git a/old/25902.txt b/old/25902.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7cc5ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/old/25902.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1867 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of England from the Accession +of James II., by Thomas Babington Macaulay + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The History of England from the Accession of James II. + Complete Contents of the Five Volumes + +Author: Thomas Babington Macaulay + +Editor: David Widger + +Release Date: June 26, 2008 [EBook #25902] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ENGLAND *** + + + + +Produced by David Widger + + + + + + +THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND +FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES II., + +FIVE VOLUMES + +COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS + +by Thomas Babington Macaulay. + +Philadelphia +Porter & Coates + + + +Editor's Note + +This Project Gutenberg set of the History of England from the Accession +of James II. were contributed by two volunteeers. The first volume +appearing in September, 1998 [Etext #1468] and the last in May 2001 +[Etext #2614]. + +All five large volumes have been completely reproofed and corrected. +They have been reposted this week with the addition of an html file for +each which allowed linkage in the texts to the 2800+ footnotes in the +first four volumes. + +This present file, a Table of Contents for all five volumes, has +external links to each of the chapters in the entire set. + +The contributor of the first volume tabulated a list of the major topics +in each chapter; this seeming a valuable addition, a similar tabulation +has been continued for the remaining five volumes. + +David Widger, June 20, 2008 + + + +TABLE OF ALL CHAPTERS + +CHAPTER I. + +CHAPTER II. + +CHAPTER III. + +CHAPTER IV. + +CHAPTER V. + +CHAPTER VI + +CHAPTER VII + +CHAPTER VIII + +CHAPTER IX + +CHAPTER X + +CHAPTER XI + +CHAPTER XII + +CHAPTER XIII. + +CHAPTER XIV + +CHAPTER XV + +CHAPTER XVI + +CHAPTER XVII + +CHAPTER XVIII + +CHAPTER XIX + +CHAPTER XX + +CHAPTER XXI + +CHAPTER XXII + +CHAPTER XXIII + +CHAPTER XXIV + +CHAPTER XXV. + + + + + + +CONTENTS OF VOLUMES +AND CHAPTERS + + +VOLUME ONE + +CHAPTER I. +Introduction +Britain under the Romans +Britain under the Saxons +Conversion of the Saxons to Christianity +Danish Invasions; The Normans +The Norman Conquest +Separation of England and Normandy +Amalgamation of Races +English Conquests on the Continent +Wars of the Roses +Extinction of Villenage +Beneficial Operation of the Roman Catholic Religion +The early English Polity often misrepresented, and why? +Nature of the Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages +Prerogatives of the early English Kings +Limitations of the Prerogative +Resistance an ordinary Check on Tyranny in the Middle Ages +Peculiar Character of the English Aristocracy +Government of the Tudors +Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages generally turned into Absolute Monarchies +The English Monarchy a singular Exception +The Reformation and its Effects +Origin of the Church of England +Her peculiar Character +Relation in which she stood to the Crown +The Puritans +Their Republican Spirit +No systematic parliamentary Opposition offered to the Government of Elizabeth +Question of the Monopolies +Scotland and Ireland become Parts of the same Empire with England +Diminution of the Importance of England after the Accession of James I +Doctrine of Divine Right +The Separation between the Church and the Puritans becomes wider +Accession and Character of Charles I +Tactics of the Opposition in the House of Commons +Petition of Right +Petition of Right violated; Character and Designs of Wentworth +Character of Laud +Star Chamber and High Commission +Ship-Money +Resistance to the Liturgy in Scotland +A Parliament called and dissolved +The Long Parliament +First Appearance of the Two great English Parties +The Remonstrance +Impeachment of the Five Members +Departure of Charles from London +Commencement of the Civil War +Successes of the Royalists +Rise of the Independents +Oliver Cromwell +Selfdenying Ordinance; Victory of the Parliament +Domination and Character of the Army +Rising against the Military Government suppressed +Proceedings against the King +His Execution +Subjugation of Ireland and Scotland +Expulsion of the Long Parliament +The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell +Oliver succeeded by Richard +Fall of Richard and Revival of the Long Parliament +Second Expulsion of the Long Parliament +The Army of Scotland marches into England +Monk declares for a Free Parliament +General Election of 1660 +The Restoration + +CHAPTER II. +Conduct of those who restored the House of Stuart unjustly censured +Abolition of Tenures by Knight Service; Disbandment of the Army +Disputes between the Roundheads and Cavaliers renewed +Religious Dissension +Unpopularity of the Puritans +Character of Charles II +Character of the Duke of York and Earl of Clarendon +General Election of 1661 +Violence of the Cavaliers in the new Parliament +Persecution of the Puritans +Zeal of the Church for Hereditary Monarchy +Change in the Morals of the Community +Profligacy of Politicians +State of Scotland +State of Ireland +The Government become unpopular in England +War with the Dutch +Opposition in the House of Commons +Fall of Clarendon +State of European Politics, and Ascendancy of France +Character of Lewis XIV +The Triple Alliance +The Country Party +Connection between Charles II. and France +Views of Lewis with respect to England +Treaty of Dover +Nature of the English Cabinet +The Cabal +Shutting of the Exchequer +War with the United Provinces, and their extreme Danger +William, Prince of Orange +Meeting of the Parliament; Declaration of Indulgence +It is cancelled, and the Test Act passed +The Cabal dissolved +Peace with the United Provinces; Administration of Danby +Embarrassing Situation of the Country Party +Dealings of that Party with the French Embassy +Peace of Nimeguen +Violent Discontents in England +Fall of Danby; the Popish Plot +Violence of the new House of Commons +Temple's Plan of Government +Character of Halifax +Character of Sunderland +Prorogation of the Parliament; Habeas Corpus Act; +Second General Election of 1679 +Popularity of Monmouth +Lawrence Hyde +Sidney Godolphin +Violence of Factions on the Subject of the Exclusion Bill +Names of Whig and Tory +Meeting of Parliament; The Exclusion Bill passes the Commons; +Exclusion Bill rejected by the Lords +Execution of Stafford; General Election of 1681 +Parliament held at Oxford, and dissolved +Tory Reaction +Persecution of the Whigs +Charter of the City confiscated; Whig Conspiracies +Detection of the Whig Conspiracies +Severity of the Government; Seizure of Charters +Influence of the Duke of York +He is opposed by Halifax +Lord Guildford +Policy of Lewis +State of Factions in the Court of Charles at the time of his Death + +CHAPTER III. +Great Change in the State of England since 1685 +Population of England in 1685 +Increase of Population greater in the North than in the South +Revenue in 1685 +Military System +The Navy +The Ordnance +Noneffective Charge; Charge of Civil Government +Great Gains of Ministers and Courtiers +State of Agriculture +Mineral Wealth of the Country +Increase of Rent +The Country Gentlemen +The Clergy +The Yeomanry; Growth of the Towns; Bristol +Norwich +Other Country Towns +Manchester; Leeds; Sheffield +Birmingham +Liverpool +Watering-places; Cheltenham; Brighton; Buxton; Tunbridge Wells +Bath +London +The City +Fashionable Part of the Capital +Lighting of London +Police of London +Whitefriars; The Court +The Coffee Houses +Difficulty of Travelling +Badness of the Roads +Stage Coaches +Highwaymen +Inns +Post Office +Newspapers +News-letters +The Observator +Scarcity of Books in Country Places; Female Education +Literary Attainments of Gentlemen +Influence of French Literature +Immorality of the Polite Literature of England +State of Science in England +State of the Fine Arts +State of the Common People; Agricultural Wages +Wages of Manufacturers +Labour of Children in Factories +Wages of different Classes of Artisans +Number of Paupers +Benefits derived by the Common People from the Progress of +Civilisation +Delusion which leads Men to overrate the Happiness of preceding Generations + +CHAPTER IV. +Death of Charles II +Suspicions of Poison +Speech of James II. to the Privy Council +James proclaimed +State of the Administration +New Arrangements +Sir George Jeffreys +The Revenue collected without an Act of Parliament +A Parliament called +Transactions between James and the French King +Churchill sent Ambassador to France; His History +Feelings of the Continental Governments towards England +Policy of the Court of Rome +Struggle in the Mind of James; Fluctuations in his Policy +Public Celebration of the Roman Catholic Rites in the Palace +His Coronation +Enthusiasm of the Tories; Addresses +The Elections +Proceedings against Oates +Proceedings against Dangerfield +Proceedings against Baxter +Meeting of the Parliament of Scotland +Feeling of James towards the Puritans +Cruel Treatment of the Scotch Covenanters +Feeling of James towards the Quakers +William Penn +Peculiar Favour shown to Roman Catholics and Quakers +Meeting of the English Parliament; Trevor chosen Speaker; +Character of Seymour +The King's Speech to the Parliament +Debate in the Commons; Speech of Seymour +The Revenue voted; Proceedings of the Commons concerning Religion +Additional Taxes voted; Sir Dudley North +Proceedings of the Lords +Bill for reversing the Attainder of Stafford + +CHAPTER V. +Whig Refugees on the Continent +Their Correspondents in England +Characters of the leading Refugees; Ayloffe; Wade +Goodenough; Rumbold +Lord Grey +Monmouth +Ferguson +Scotch Refugees; Earl of Argyle +Sir Patrick Hume; Sir John Cochrane; Fletcher of Saltoun +Unreasonable Conduct of the Scotch Refugees +Arrangement for an Attempt on England and Scotland +John Locke +Preparations made by Government for the Defence of Scotland +Conversation of James with the Dutch Ambassadors; +Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Argyle from sailing +Departure of Argyle from Holland; He lands in Scotland +His Disputes with his Followers +Temper of the Scotch Nation +Argyle's Forces dispersed +Argyle a Prisoner +His Execution. +Execution of Rumbold +Death of Ayloffe +Devastation of Argyleshire +Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Monmouth from leaving Holland +His Arrival at Lyme +His Declaration +His Popularity in the West of England +Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Bridport +Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Axminster; +News of the Rebellion carried to London; +Loyalty of the Parliament +Reception of Monmouth at Taunton +He takes the Title of King +His Reception at Bridgewater +Preparations of the Government to oppose him +His Design on Bristol +He relinquishes that Design +Skirmish at Philip's Norton; Despondence of Monmouth +He returns to Bridgewater; The Royal Army encamps at Sedgemoor +Battle of Sedgemoor +Pursuit of the Rebels +Military Executions; Flight of Monmouth +His Capture +His Letter to the King; He is carried to London +His Interview with the King +His Execution +His Memory cherished by the Common People +Cruelties of the Soldiers in the West; Kirke +Jeffreys sets out on the Western Circuit +Trial of Alice Lisle +The Bloody Assizes +Abraham Holmes +Christopher Battiseombe; The Hewlings +Punishment of Tutchin +Rebels Transported +Confiscation and Extortion +Rapacity of the Queen and her Ladies +Grey; Cochrane; Storey +Wade, Goodenough, and Ferguson +Jeffreys made Lord Chancellor +Trial and Execution of Cornish +Trials and Executions of Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt +Trial and Execution of Bateman +Persecution of the Protestant Dissenters + + + +VOLUME TWO + +CHAPTER VI +The Power of James at the Height +His Foreign Policy +His Plans of Domestic Government; the Habeas Corpus Act +The Standing Army +Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion +Violation of the Test Act +Disgrace of Halifax; general Discontent +Persecution of the French Huguenots +Effect of that Persecution in England +Meeting of Parliament; Speech of the King; an Opposition formed in the House +Sentiments of Foreign Governments +Committee of the Commons on the King's Speech +Defeat of the Government +Second Defeat of the Government; the King reprimands the Commons +Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King +Opposition to the Government in the Lords; the Earl of Devonshire +The Bishop of London +Viscount Mordaunt +Prorogation +Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden +Trial of Delamere +Effect of his Acquittal +Parties in the Court; Feeling of the Protestant Tories +Publication of Papers found in the Strong Box of Charles II. +Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics +Cabal of violent Roman Catholics; Castlemaine +Jermyn; White; Tyrconnel +Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments +The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other +The Order of Jesus +Father Petre +The King's Temper and Opinions +The King encouraged in his Errors by Sunderland +Perfidy of Jeffreys +Godolphin; the Queen; Amours of the King +Catharine Sedley +Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catharine Sedley +Decline of Rochester's Influence +Castelmaine sent to Rome; the Huguenots illtreated by James +The Dispensing Power +Dismission of Refractory Judges +Case of Sir Edward Hales +Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices; +Sclater; Walker +The Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic +Disposal of Bishoprics +Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against the Church +His Difficulties +He creates a new Court of High Commission +Proceedings against the Bishop of London +Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman Catholic +Rites and Vestments +Riots +A Camp formed at Hounslow +Samuel Johnson +Hugh Speke +Proceedings against Johnson +Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery +The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched +State of Scotland +Queensberry +Perth and Melfort +Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland +Riots at Edinburgh +Anger of the King; his Plans concerning Scotland +Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London +Their Negotiations with the King +Meeting of the Scotch Estates; they prove refractory +They are adjourned; arbitrary System of Government in Scotland +Ireland +State of the Law on the Subject of Religion +Hostility of Races +Aboriginal Peasantry; aboriginal Aristocracy +State of the English Colony +Course which James ought to have followed +His Errors +Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant +His Mortifications; Panic among the Colonists +Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General; his Partiality and Violence +He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement; he returns to England +The King displeased with Clarendon +Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal +Attempts of James to convert Rochester +Dismission of Rochester +Dismission of Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy +Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland +Effect of the Fall of the Hydes + + +CHAPTER VII +William, Prince of Orange; his Appearance +His early Life and Education +His Theological Opinions +His Military Qualifications +His Love of Danger; his bad Health +Coldness of his Manners and Strength of his Emotions; his Friendship for Bentinck +Mary, Princess of Orange +Gilbert Burnet +He brings about a good Understanding between the Prince and Princess +Relations between William and English Parties +His Feelings towards England +His Feelings towards Holland and France +His Policy consistent throughout +Treaty of Augsburg +William becomes the Head of the English Opposition +Mordaunt proposes to William a Descent on England +William rejects the Advice +Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes +Conversions to Popery; Peterborough; Salisbury +Wycherley; Tindal; Haines +Dryden +The Hind and Panther +Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans +Partial Toleration granted in Scotland +Closeting +It is unsuccessful +Admiral Herbert +Declaration of Indulgence +Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters +Feeling of the Church of England +The Court and the Church +Letter to a Dissenter; Conduct of the Dissenters +Some of the Dissenters side with the Court; Care; Alsop +Rosewell; Lobb +Venn +The Majority of the Puritans are against the Court; Baxter; Howe, +Banyan +Kiffin +The Prince and Princess of Orange hostile to the Declaration of Indulgence +Their Views respecting the English Roman Catholics vindicated +Enmity of James to Burnet +Mission of Dykvelt to England; Negotiations of Dykvelt with English Statesmen +Danby +Nottingham +Halifax +Devonshire +Edward Russell; Compton; Herbert +Churchill +Lady Churchill and the Princess Anne +Dykvelt returns to the Hague with Letters from many eminent Englishmen +Zulestein's Mission +Growing Enmity between James and William +Influence of the Dutch Press +Correspondence of Stewart and Fagel +Castelmaine's embassy to Rome + + +CHAPTER VIII +Consecration of the Nuncio at Saint James's Palace; his public Reception +The Duke of Somerset +Dissolution of the Parliament; Military Offences illegally punished +Proceedings of the High Commission; the Universities +Proceedings against the University of Cambridge +The Earl of Mulgrave +State of Oxford +Magdalene College, Oxford +Anthony Farmer recommended by the King for President +Election of the President +The Fellows of Magdalene cited before the High Commission +Parker recommended as President; the Charterhouse +The Royal Progress +The King at Oxford; he reprimands the Fellows of Magdalene +Penn attempts to mediate +Special Ecclesiastical Commissioners sent to Oxford +Protest of Hough +Parker +Ejection of the Fellows +Magdalene College turned into a Popish Seminary +Resentment of the Clergy +Schemes of the Jesuitical Cabal respecting the Succession +Scheme of James and Tyrconnel for preventing the Princess of Orange + from succeeding to the Kingdom of Ireland +The Queen pregnant; general Incredulity +Feeling of the Constituent Bodies, and of the Peers +James determines to pack a Parliament +The Board of Regulators +Many Lords Lieutenants dismissed; the Earl of Oxford +The Earl of Shrewsbury +The Earl of Dorset +Questions put to the Magistrates +Their Answers; Failure of the King's Plans +List of Sheriffs +Character of the Roman Catholic Country Gentlemen +Feeling of the Dissenters; Regulation of Corporations +Inquisition in all the Public Departments +Dismission of Sawyer +Williams Solicitor General +Second Declaration of Indulgence; the Clergy ordered to read it +They hesitate; Patriotism of the Protestant Nonconformists of London +Consultation of the London Clergy +Consultation at Lambeth Palace +Petition of the Seven Bishops presented to the King +The London Clergy disobey the Royal Order +Hesitation of the Government +It is determined to prosecute the Bishops for a Libel +They are examined by the Privy Council +They are committed to the Tower +Birth of the Pretender +He is generally believed to be supposititious +The Bishops brought before the King's Bench and bailed +Agitation of the public Mind +Uneasiness of Sunderland +He professes himself a Roman Catholic +Trial of the Bishops +The Verdict; Joy of the People +Peculiar State of Public Feeling at this Time + + +CHAPTER IX +Change in the Opinion of the Tories concerning the Lawfulness of Resistance +Russell proposes to the Prince of Orange a Descent on England +Henry Sidney +Devonshire; Shrewsbury; Halifax +Danby +Bishop Compton +Nottingham; Lumley +Invitation to William despatched +Conduct of Mary +Difficulties of William's Enterprise +Conduct of James after the Trial of the Bishops +Dismissions and Promotions +Proceedings of the High Commission; Sprat resigns his Seat +Discontent of the Clergy; Transactions at Oxford +Discontent of the Gentry +Discontent of the Army +Irish Troops brought over; Public Indignation +Lillibullero +Politics of the United Provinces; Errors of the French King +His Quarrel with the Pope concerning Franchises +The Archbishopric of Cologne +Skilful Management of William +His Military and Naval Preparations +He receives numerous Assurances of Support from England +Sunderland +Anxiety of William +Warnings conveyed to James +Exertions of Lewis to save James +James frustrates them +The French Armies invade Germany +William obtains the Sanction of the States General to his Expedition +Schomberg +British Adventurers at the Hague +William's Declaration +James roused to a Sense of his Danger; his Naval Means +His Military Means +He attempts to conciliate his Subjects +He gives Audience to the Bishops +His Concessions ill received +Proofs of the Birth of the Prince of Wales submitted to the +Privy Council +Disgrace of Sunderland +William takes leave of the States of Holland +He embarks and sails; he is driven back by a Storm +His Declaration arrives in England; James questions the Lords +William sets sail the second Time +He passes the Straits +He lands at Torbay +He enters Exeter +Conversation of the King with the Bishops +Disturbances in London +Men of Rank begin to repair to the Prince +Lovelace +Colchester; Abingdon +Desertion of Cornbury +Petition of the Lords for a Parliament +The King goes to Salisbury +Seymour; Court of William at Exeter +Northern Insurrection +Skirmish at Wincanton +Desertion of Churchill and Grafton +Retreat of the Royal Army from Salisbury +Desertion of Prince George and Ormond +Flight of the Princess Anne +Council of Lords held by James +He appoints Commissioners to treat with William +The Negotiation a Feint +Dartmouth refuses to send the Prince of Wales into France +Agitation of London +Forged Proclamation +Risings in various Parts of the Country +Clarendon joins the Prince at Salisbury; Dissension in the Prince's Camp +The Prince reaches Hungerford; Skirmish at Reading; +The King's Commissioners arrive at Hungerford +Negotiation +The Queen and the Prince of Wales sent to France; Lauzun +The King's Preparations for Flight +His Flight + + +CHAPTER X +The Flight of James known; great Agitation +The Lords meet at Guildhall +Riots in London +The Spanish Ambassador's House sacked +Arrest of Jeffreys +The Irish Night +The King detained near Sheerness +The Lords order him to be set at Liberty +William's Embarrassment +Arrest of Feversham +Arrival of James in London +Consultation at Windsor +The Dutch Troops occupy Whitehall +Message from the Prince delivered to James +James sets out for Rochester; Arrival of William at Saint James's +He is advised to assume the Crown by Right of Conquest +He calls together the Lords and the Members of the Parliaments of Charles II. +Flight of James from Rochester +Debates and Resolutions of the Lords +Debates and Resolutions of the Commoners summoned by the Prince +Convention called; Exertions of the Prince to restore Order +His tolerant Policy +Satisfaction of Roman Catholic Powers; State of Feeling in France +Reception of the Queen of England in France +Arrival of James at Saint Germains +State of Feeling in the United Provinces +Election of Members to serve in the Convention +Affairs of Scotland +State of Parties in England +Sherlock's Plan +Sancroft's Plan +Danby's Plan +The Whig Plan +Meeting of the Convention; leading Members of the House of Commons +Choice of a Speaker +Debate on the State of the Nation +Resolution declaring the Throne vacant +It is sent up to the Lords; Debate in the Lords on the Plan of Regency +Schism between the Whigs and the Followers of Danby +Meeting at the Earl of Devonshire's +Debate in the Lords on the Question whether the Throne was vacant +Majority for the Negative; Agitation in London +Letter of James to the Convention +Debates; Negotiations; Letter of the Princess of Orange to Danby +The Princess Anne acquiesces in the Whig Plan +William explains his views +The Conference between the houses +The Lords yield +New Laws proposed for the Security of Liberty +Disputes and Compromise +The Declaration of Right +Arrival of Mary +Tender and Acceptance of the Crown +William and Mary proclaimed; peculiar Character of the English Revolution + + + +VOLUME THREE + +CHAPTER XI +William and Mary proclaimed in London +Rejoicings throughout England; Rejoicings in Holland +Discontent of the Clergy and of the Army +Reaction of Public Feeling +Temper of the Tories +Temper of the Whigs +Ministerial Arrangements +William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs +Danby +Halifax +Nottingham Shrewsbury The Board of Admiralty; the Board of Treasury +The Great Seal +The Judges +The Household +Subordinate Appointments +The Convention turned into a Parliament +The Members of the two Houses required to take the Oaths Questions + relating to the Revenue +Abolition of the Hearth Money +Repayment of the Expenses of the United Provinces +Mutiny at Ipswich +The first Mutiny Bill +Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act +Unpopularity of William +Popularity of Mary +The Court removed from Whitehall to Hampton Court +The Court at Kensington; William's foreign Favourites +General Maladministration +Dissensions among Men in Office +Department of Foreign Affairs +Religious Disputes +The High Church Party +The Low Church Party +William's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity +Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury +Nottingham's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity +The Toleration Bill +The Comprehension Bill +The Bill for settling the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy +The Bill for settling the Coronation Oath +The Coronation +Promotions +The Coalition against France; the Devastation of the Palatinate +War declared against France + +CHAPTER XII +State of Ireland at the Time of the Revolution; the Civil Power in + the Hands of the Roman Catholics +The Military Power in the Hands of the Roman Catholics +Mutual Enmity between the Englishry and Irishry +Panic among the Englishry +History of the Town of Kenmare +Enniskillen +Londonderry +Closing of the Gates of Londonderry +Mountjoy sent to pacify Ulster +William opens a Negotiation with Tyrconnel +The Temples consulted +Richard Hamilton sent to Ireland on his Parole +Tyrconnel sends Mountjoy and Rice to France +Tyrconnel calls the Irish People to Arms +Devastation of the Country +The Protestants in the South unable to resist +Enniskillen and Londonderry hold out; Richard Hamilton marches into + Ulster with an Army +James determines to go to Ireland +Assistance furnished by Lewis to James +Choice of a French Ambassador to accompany James +The Count of Avaux +James lands at Kinsale +James enters Cork +Journey of James from Cork to Dublin +Discontent in England +Factions at Dublin Castle +James determines to go to Ulster +Journey of James to Ulster +The Fall of Londonderry expected +Succours arrive from England +Treachery of Lundy; the Inhabitants of Londonderry resolve to defend themselves +Their Character +Londonderry besieged +The Siege turned into a Blockade +Naval Skirmish in Bantry Bay +A Parliament summoned by James sits at Dublin +A Toleration Act passed; Acts passed for the Confiscation of the + Property of Protestants +Issue of base Money +The great Act of Attainder +James prorogues his Parliament; Persecution of the Protestants in Ireland +Effect produced in England by the News from Ireland +Actions of the Enniskilleners +Distress of Londonderry +Expedition under Kirke arrives in Loch Foyle +Cruelty of Rosen +The Famine in Londonderry extreme +Attack on the Boom +The Siege of Londonderry raised +Operations against the Enniskilleners +Battle of Newton Butler +Consternation of the Irish + +CHAPTER XIII. +The Revolution more violent in Scotland than in England +Elections for the Convention; Rabbling of the Episcopal Clergy +State of Edinburgh +Question of an Union between England and Scotland raised +Wish of the English Low Churchmen to preserve Episcopacy in Scotland +Opinions of William about Church Government in Scotland +Comparative Strength of Religious Parties in Scotland +Letter from William to the Scotch Convention +William's Instructions to his Agents in Scotland; the Dalrymples +Melville +James's Agents in Scotland: Dundee; Balcarras +Meeting of the Convention +Hamilton elected President +Committee of Elections; Edinburgh Castle summoned +Dundee threatened by the Covenanters +Letter from James to the Convention +Effect of James's Letter +Flight of Dundee +Tumultuous Sitting of the Convention +A Committee appointed to frame a Plan of Government +Resolutions proposed by the Committee +William and Mary proclaimed; the Claim of Right; Abolition of Episcopacy +Torture +William and Mary accept the Crown of Scotland +Discontent of the Covenanters +Ministerial Arrangements in Scotland +Hamilton; Crawford +The Dalrymples; Lockhart; Montgomery +Melville; Carstairs +The Club formed: Annandale; Ross +Hume; Fletcher of Saltoun +War breaks out in the Highlands; State of the Highlands +Peculiar Nature of Jacobitism in the Highlands +Jealousy of the Ascendency of the Campbells +The Stewarts and Macnaghtens +The Macleans; the Camerons: Lochiel +The Macdonalds; Feud between the Macdonalds and Mackintoshes; Inverness +Inverness threatened by Macdonald of Keppoch +Dundee appears in Keppoch's Camp +Insurrection of the Clans hostile to the Campbells +Tarbet's Advice to the Government +Indecisive Campaign in the Highlands +Military Character of the Highlanders +Quarrels in the Highland Army +Dundee applies to James for Assistance; the War in the Highlands suspended +Scruples of the Covenanters about taking Arms for King William +The Cameronian Regiment raised +Edinburgh Castle surrenders +Session of Parliament at Edinburgh +Ascendancy of the Club +Troubles in Athol +The War breaks out again in the Highlands +Death of Dundee +Retreat of Mackay +Effect of the Battle of Killiecrankie; the Scottish Parliament adjourned +The Highland Army reinforced +Skirmish at Saint Johnston's +Disorders in the Highland Army +Mackay's Advice disregarded by the Scotch Ministers +The Cameronians stationed at Dunkeld +The Highlanders attack the Cameronians and are repulsed +Dissolution of the Highland Army; Intrigues of the Club; State of the Lowlands + +CHAPTER XIV +Disputes in the English Parliament +The Attainder of Russell reversed +Other Attainders reversed; Case of Samuel Johnson +Case of Devonshire +Case of Oates +Bill of Rights +Disputes about a Bill of Indemnity +Last Days of Jeffreys +The Whigs dissatisfied with the King +Intemperance of Howe +Attack on Caermarthen +Attack on Halifax +Preparations for a Campaign in Ireland +Schomberg +Recess of the Parliament +State of Ireland; Advice of Avaux +Dismission of Melfort; Schomberg lands in Ulster +Carrickfergus taken +Schomberg advances into Leinster; the English and Irish Armies +encamp near each other +Schomberg declines a Battle +Frauds of the English Commissariat +Conspiracy among the French Troops in the English Service +Pestilence in the English Army +The English and Irish Armies go into Winter Quarters +Various Opinions about Schomberg's Conduct +Maritime Affairs +Maladministration of Torrington +Continental Affairs +Skirmish at Walcourt +Imputations thrown on Marlborough +Pope Innocent XI. succeeded by Alexander VIII. +The High Church Clergy divided on the Subject of the Oaths +Arguments for taking the Oaths +Arguments against taking the Oaths +A great Majority of the Clergy take the Oaths +The Nonjurors; Ken +Leslie +Sherlock +Hickes +Collier +Dodwell +Kettlewell; Fitzwilliam +General Character of the Nonjuring Clergy +The Plan of Comprehension; Tillotson +An Ecclesiastical Commission issued. +Proceedings of the Commission +The Convocation of the Province of Canterbury summoned; Temper of the Clergy +The Clergy ill affected towards the King +The Clergy exasperated against the Dissenters by the Proceedings of the +Scotch Presbyterians +Constitution of the Convocation +Election of Members of Convocation; Ecclesiastical Preferments bestowed, +Compton discontented +The Convocation meets +The High Churchmen a Majority of the Lower House of Convocation +Difference between the two Houses of Convocation +The Lower House of Convocation proves unmanageable. +The Convocation prorogued + +CHAPTER XV +The Parliament meets; Retirement of Halifax +Supplies voted +The Bill of Rights passed +Inquiry into Naval Abuses +Inquiry into the Conduct of the Irish War +Reception of Walker in England +Edmund Ludlow +Violence of the Whigs +Impeachments +Committee of Murder +Malevolence of John Hampden +The Corporation Bill +Debates on the Indemnity Bill +Case of Sir Robert Sawyer +The King purposes to retire to Holland +He is induced to change his Intention; the Whigs oppose his going to Ireland +He prorogues the Parliament +Joy of the Tories +Dissolution and General Election +Changes in the Executive Departments +Caermarthen Chief Minister +Sir John Lowther +Rise and Progress of Parliamentary Corruption in England +Sir John Trevor +Godolphin retires; Changes at the Admiralty +Changes in the Commissions of Lieutenancy +Temper of the Whigs; Dealings of some Whigs with Saint Germains; + Shrewsbury; Ferguson +Hopes of the Jacobites +Meeting of the new Parliament; Settlement of the Revenue +Provision for the Princess of Denmark +Bill declaring the Acts of the preceding Parliament valid +Debate on the Changes in the Lieutenancy of London +Abjuration Bill +Act of Grace +The Parliament prorogued; Preparations for the first War +Administration of James at Dublin +An auxiliary Force sent from France to Ireland +Plan of the English Jacobites; Clarendon, Aylesbury, Dartmouth +Penn +Preston +The Jacobites betrayed by Fuller +Crone arrested +Difficulties of William +Conduct of Shrewsbury +The Council of Nine +Conduct of Clarendon +Penn held to Bail +Interview between William and Burnet; William sets out for Ireland +Trial of Crone +Danger of Invasion and Insurrection; Tourville's Fleet in the + Channel +Arrests of suspected Persons +Torrington ordered to give Battle to Tourville +Battle of Beachy Head +Alarm in London; Battle of Fleurus +Spirit of the Nation +Conduct of Shrewsbury + +CHAPTER XVI +William lands at Carrickfergus, and proceeds to Belfast +State of Dublin; William's military Arrangements +William marches southward +The Irish Army retreats +The Irish make a Stand at the Boyne +The Army of James +The Army of William +Walker, now Bishop of Derry, accompanies the Army +William reconnoitres the Irish Position; William is wounded +Battle of the Boyne +Flight of James +Loss of the two Armies +Fall of Drogheda; State of Dublin +James flies to France; Dublin evacuated by the French and Irish Troops +Entry of William into Dublin +Effect produced in France by the News from Ireland +Effect produced at Rome by the News from Ireland +Effect produced in London by the News from Ireland +James arrives in France; his Reception there +Tourville attempts a Descent on England +Teignmouth destroyed +Excitement of the English Nation against the French +The Jacobite Press +The Jacobite Form of Prayer and Humiliation +Clamour against the nonjuring Bishops +Military Operations in Ireland; Waterford taken +The Irish Army collected at Limerick; Lauzun pronounces that the + Place cannot be defended +The Irish insist on defending Limerick +Tyrconnel is against defending Limerick; Limerick defended by the Irish alone +Sarsfield surprises the English Artillery +Arrival of Baldearg O'Donnel at Limerick +The Besiegers suffer from the Rains +Unsuccessful Assault on Limerick; The Siege raised +Tyrconnel and Lauzun go to France; William returns to England; +Reception of William in England +Expedition to the South of Ireland +Marlborough takes Cork +Marlborough takes Kinsale +Affairs of Scotland; Intrigues of Montgomery with the Jacobites +War in the Highlands +Fort William built; Meeting of the Scottish Parliament +Melville Lord High Commissioner; the Government obtains a Majority +Ecclesiastical Legislation +The Coalition between the Club and the Jacobites dissolved +The Chiefs of the Club betray each other +General Acquiescence in the new Ecclesiastical Polity +Complaints of the Episcopalians +The Presbyterian Conjurors +William dissatisfied with the Ecclesiastical Arrangements in Scotland +Meeting of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland +State of Affairs on the Continent +The Duke of Savoy joins the Coalition +Supplies voted; Ways and Means +Proceedings against Torrington +Torrington's Trial and Acquittal +Animosity of the Whigs against Caermarthen +Jacobite Plot +Meeting of the leading Conspirators +The Conspirators determine to send Preston to Saint Germains +Papers entrusted to Preston +Information of the Plot given to Caermarthen +Arrest of Preston and his Companions + + + + +VOLUME FOUR + +CHAPTER XVII +William's Voyage to Holland +William's Entrance into the Hague +Congress at the Hague +William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs +William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices inherent in the Nature + of Coalitions +Siege and Fall of Mons +William returns to England; Trials of Preston and Ashton +Execution of Ashton +Preston's Irresolution and Confessions +Lenity shown to the Conspirators +Dartmouth +Turner; Penn +Death of George Fox; his Character +Interview between Penn and Sidney +Preston pardoned +Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons +The vacant Sees filled +Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury +Conduct of Sancroft +Difference between Sancroft and Ken +Hatred of Sancroft to the Established Church; he provides for the episcopal + Succession among the Nonjurors +The new Bishops +Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's +Treachery of some of William's Servants +Russell +Godolphin +Marlborough +William returns to the Continent +The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders +The War in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland +State of the Part of Ireland which was subject to James +Dissensions among the Irish at Limerick +Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland +Arrival of a French Fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth +The English take the Field +Fall of Ballymore; Siege and Fall of Athlone +Retreat of the Irish Army +Saint Ruth determines to fight +Battle of Aghrim +Fall of Galway +Death of Tyrconnel +Second Siege of Limerick +The Irish desirous to capitulate +Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers +The Capitulation of Limerick +The Irish Troops required to make their Election between their Country and France +Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for France +Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert +The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for France +State of Ireland after the War + +CHAPTER XVIII +Opening of the Parliament +Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men +Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland +Debates on the East India Trade +Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason +Plot formed by Marlborough against the Government of William +Marlborough's Plot disclosed by the Jacobites +Disgrace of Marlborough; Various Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace. +Rupture between Mary and Anne +Fuller's Plot +Close of the Session; Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected +Misterial Changes in England +Ministerial Changes in Scotland +State of the Highlands +Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the Rebel Clans +Glencoe +William goes to the Continent; Death of Louvois +The French Government determines to send an Expedition against England +James believes that the English Fleet is friendly to him +Conduct of Russell +A Daughter born to James +Preparations made in England to repel Invasion +James goes down to his Army at La Hogue +James's Declaration +Effect produced by James's Declaration +The English and Dutch Fleets join; Temper of the English Fleet +Battle of La Hogue +Rejoicings in England +Young's Plot + +CHAPTER XIX +Foreign Policy of William +The Northern Powers +The Pope +Conduct of the Allies +The Emperor +Spain +William succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition +New Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands +Lewis takes the Field +Siege of Namur +Lewis returns to Versailles +Luxemburg +Battle of Steinkirk +Conspiracy of Grandval +Return of William to England +Naval Maladministration +Earthquake at Port Royal +Distress in England; Increase of Crime +Meeting of Parliament; State of Parties +The King's Speech; Question of Privilege raised by the Lords +Debates on the State of the Nation +Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason +Case of Lord Mohun +Debates on the India Trade +Supply +Ways and Means; Land Tax +Origin of the National Debt +Parliamentary Reform +The Place Bill +The Triennial Bill +The First Parliamentary Discussion on the Liberty of the Press +State of Ireland +The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill +Ministerial Arrangements +The King goes to Holland; a Session of Parliament in Scotland + +CHAPTER XX +State of the Court of Saint Germains +Feeling of the Jacobites; Compounders and Noncompounders +Change of Ministry at Saint Germains; Middleton +New Declaration put forth by James +Effect of the new Declaration +French Preparations for the Campaign; Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis +Middleton's Account of Versailles +William's Preparations for the Campaign +Lewis takes the Field +Lewis returns to Versailles +Manoeuvres of Luxemburg +Battle of Landen +Miscarriage of the Smyrna Fleet +Excitement in London +Jacobite Libels; William Anderton +Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites +Conduct of Caermarthen +Now Charter granted to the East India Company +Return of William to England; Military Successes of France +Distress of France +A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government +The First Ministry gradually formed +Sunderland +Sunderland advises the King to give the Preference to the Whigs +Reasons for preferring the Whigs +Chiefs of the Whig Party; Russell +Somers +Montague +Wharton +Chiefs of the Tory Party; Harley +Foley +Howe +Meeting of Parliament +Debates about the Naval Miscarriages +Russell First Lord of the Admiralty; Retirement of Nottingham +Shrewsbury refuses Office +Debates about the Trade with India +Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason +Triennial Bill +Place Bill +Bill for the Naturalisation of Foreign Protestants +Supply +Ways and Means; Lottery Loan +The Bank of England +Prorogation of Parliament; Ministerial Arrangements; Shrewsbury Secretary of State +New Titles bestowed +French Plan of War; English Plan of War +Expedition against Brest +Naval Operations in the Mediterranean +War by Land +Complaints of Trenchard's Administration +The Lancashire Prosecutions +Meeting of the Parliament; Death of Tillotson +Tenison Archbishop of Canterbury; Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions +Place Bill +Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason; the Triennial Bill passed +Death of Mary +Funeral of Mary +Greenwich Hospital founded + +CHAPTER XXI +Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent +Death of Luxemburg +Distress of William +Parliamentary Proceedings; Emancipation of the Press +Death of Halifax +Parliamentary Inquiries into the Corruption of the Public Offices +Vote of Censure on the Speaker +Foley elected Speaker; Inquiry into the Accounts of the East India Company +Suspicious Dealings of Seymour +Bill against Sir Thomas Cook +Inquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons +Impeachment of Leeds +Disgrace of Leeds +Lords Justices appointed; Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne +Jacobite Plots against William's Person +Charnock; Porter +Goodman; Parkyns +Fenwick +Session of the Scottish Parliament; Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe +War in the Netherlands; Marshal Villeroy +The Duke of Maine +Jacobite Plots against the Government during William's Absence +Siege of Namur +Surrender of the Town of Namur +Surrender of the Castle of Namur +Arrest of Boufflers +Effect of the Emancipation of the English Press +Return of William to England; Dissolution of the Parliament +William makes a Progress through the Country +The Elections +Alarming State of the Currency +Meeting of the Parliament; Loyalty of the House of Commons +Controversy touching the Currency +Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency +Passing of the Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason +Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland +Two Jacobite Plots formed +Berwick's Plot; the Assassination Plot; Sir George Barclay +Failure of Berwick's Plot +Detection of the Assassination Plot +Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Assassination Plot +State of Public Feeling +Trial of Charnock, King and Keyes +Execution of Charnock, King and Keyes +Trial of Friend +Trial of Parkyns +Execution of Friend and Parkyns +Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne and Lowick +The Association +Bill for the Regulation of Elections +Act establishing a Land Bank + +CHAPTER XXII +Military Operations in the Netherlands +Commercial Crisis in England +Financial Crisis +Efforts to restore the Currency +Distress of the People; their Temper and Conduct +Negotiations with France; the Duke of Savoy deserts the Coalition +Search for Jacobite Conspirators in England; Sir John Fenwick +Capture of Fenwick +Fenwick's Confession +Return of William to England +Meeting of Parliament; State of the Country; Speech of William at the + Commencement of the Session +Resolutions of the House of Commons +Return of Prosperity +Effect of the Proceedings of the House of Commons on Foreign Governments +Restoration of the Finances +Effects of Fenwick's Confession +Resignation of Godolphin +Feeling of the Whigs about Fenwick +William examines Fenwick +Disappearance of Goodman +Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession +Bill for attainting Fenwick +Debates of the Commons on the Bill of Attainder +The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords +Artifices of Monmouth +Debates of the Lords on the Bill of Attainder +Proceedings against Monmouth +Position and Feelings of Shrewsbury +The Bill of Attainder passed; Attempts to save Fenwick +Fenwick's Execution; Bill for the Regulating of Elections +Bill for the Regulation of the Press +Bill abolishing the Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy +Close of the Session; Promotions and Appointments +State of Ireland +State of Scotland +A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Act for the Settling of Schools +Case of Thomas Aikenhead +Military Operations in the Netherlands +Terms of Peace offered by France +Conduct of Spain; Conduct of the Emperor +Congress of Ryswick +William opens a distinct Negotiation +Meetings of Portland and Boufflers +Terms of Peace between France and England settled +Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor +Attempts of James to prevent a general Pacification +The Treaty of Ryswick signed; Anxiety in England +News of the Peace arrives in England +Dismay of the Jacobites +General Rejoicing +The King's Entry into London +The Thanksgiving Day + + + +VOLUME FIVE + +CHAPTER XXIII +Standing Armies +Sunderland +Lord Spencer +Controversy touching Standing Armies +Meeting of Parliament +The King's Speech well received; Debate on a Peace Establishment +Sunderland attacked +The Nation averse to a Standing Army +Mutiny Act; the Navy Acts concerning High Treason +Earl of Clancarty +Ways and Means; Rights of the Sovereign in reference to Crown Lands +Proceedings in Parliament on Grants of Crown Lands +Montague accused of Peculation +Bill of Pains and Penalties against Duncombe +Dissension between the houses +Commercial Questions +Irish Manufactures +East India Companies +Fire at Whitehall +Visit of the Czar +Portland's Embassy to France +The Spanish Succession +The Count of Tallard's Embassy +Newmarket Meeting: the insecure State of the Roads +Further Negotiations relating to the Spanish Succession +The King goes to Holland +Portland returns from his Embassy +William is reconciled to Marlborough + +CHAPTER XXIV +Altered Position of the Ministry +The Elections +First Partition Treaty +Domestic Discontent +Littleton chosen Speaker +King's Speech; Proceedings relating to the Amount of the Land Force +Unpopularity of Montague +Bill for Disbanding the Army +The King's Speech +Death of the Electoral Prince of Bavaria. +Renewed Discussion of the Army Question +Naval Administration +Commission on Irish Forfeitures. +Prorogation of Parliament +Changes in the Ministry and Household +Spanish Succession +Darien + +CHAPTER XXV. +Trial of Spencer Cowper +Duels +Discontent of the Nation +Captain Kidd +Meeting of Parliament +Attacks on Burnet +Renewed Attack on Somers +Question of the Irish Forfeitures: Dispute between the Houses +Somers again attacked +Prorogation of Parliament +Death of James the Second +The Pretender recognised as King +Return of the King +General Election +Death of William + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of England from the +Accession of James II., by Thomas Babington Macaulay + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ENGLAND *** + +***** This file should be named 25902.txt or 25902.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/5/9/0/25902/ + +Produced by David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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