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diff --git a/25900.txt b/25900.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f114ff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/25900.txt @@ -0,0 +1,967 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Senatorial Character, by C. A. Bartol + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Senatorial Character + A Sermon in West Church, Boston, Sunday, 15th of March, + After the Decease of Charles Sumner. + +Author: C. A. Bartol + +Release Date: June 25, 2008 [EBook #25900] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SENATORIAL CHARACTER *** + + + + +Produced by Gerard Arthus and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + + * * * * * + + +-------------------------------------------------------------+ + | Transcriber's Note: | + | The last sentence of the first paragraph on page 9 is | + | likely missing text. A consultation of another source has | + | the same content. | + | | + | On page 15, the word cotemporary, meaning "One who lives | + | at the same time with another; a contemporary", is correct. | + | | + +-------------------------------------------------------------+ + + * * * * * + + + + +SENATORIAL CHARACTER: + + +A SERMON + +IN + +WEST CHURCH, BOSTON, + +SUNDAY, 15TH OF MARCH, + +AFTER THE + +DECEASE OF CHARLES SUMNER. + +BY C.A. BARTOL. + + + + +BOSTON: +A. WILLIAMS & CO., 135 WASHINGTON STREET. +1874. + + + + +SERMON. + +"_He made him to teach his senators wisdom._"--Psalms cv, 21, 22. + + +The common theory of the pulpit is of a place devoted to expound some +old situation, abstract scheme of salvation, or article in a creed. It +has a higher end,--to give the meaning of the scenes of real life, in +which we observe the actors and play ourselves a part. If history be +philosophy teaching by example, and of all history biography be the +soul, then human character, when rare and conspicuous in its traits or +achievements, gives as pattern or warning the chief lesson. Christian +edification comes less signally from hair-splitting, dogmatic +distinction than from contemplating for imitation or admonition the +lives of Enoch and Solomon, Paul and Peter, Jesus and John. So I take +to-day the death of the most eminent civilian of Massachusetts for my +theme. + +As the King in Egypt chose Joseph to teach his senators wisdom, no man +of late years has equalled Charles Sumner as an instructor or +influence in the Senate of the United States. + +An instinct of nature prompts us to make some account and sum up the +significance of any one's career, privately, on the domestic stage, +or before the people, if he has challenged attention in a larger +sphere. + +It may be useful to make some discriminating estimate of Mr. Sumner's +contributions to the public good, the legislature of a free State in a +great Union being the monarch that for so long a period continued to +elect him to his high office. + +However opinions may differ of his prudence or ability, the weight of +his word or importance of his position none will doubt. + +Our messenger of the lightning had no greater task this last week in +the world than to wait at his threshold and run with news every hour +over the wires of his estate. + +His principal peers at his bedside and his colored clients flocking +for inquiry at his door showed a feeling of love and sympathy reaching +from the highest to the lowest class. + +In culture he was a match for nobles, in temper he was a champion of +the oppressed and friend to the poor. + +I suppose no American name is more widely known and celebrated in all +civilized lands. + +Great Britain and France will feel the shock of his decease. + +That one of our political pillars has fallen will be known at the +Court of St. Petersburg and among the counsellors of Berlin. + +Italy and Spain, with their Republican struggles and aims, will miss +an advocate on this side the sea. + +Castelar will mourn the departure of a companion in arms in the +peaceful battles of reform, as Cavour might have felt through the +cable from him for emancipation an electric touch. + +South America, with her strange mixture of barbarism with liberation, +will be conscious of owing some honor to the obsequies of a +sympathizer with all that is generous in her aspirations. + +Hayti will deplore the decease of a supporter of her rights more +powerful than any on her own shores. + +A flutter of pain and sorrow will pass through that whole flock of +islands alighted, as in the great harbor of our land, betwixt the Gulf +of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. + +So it will be because not only a man, a citizen of the Commonwealth +and foremost trustee in the Congress of the country, but a cosmopolite +is dead, deserving that name as truly as any man who, since the +settlement of these colonies, has lived within their bounds. + +What is the reason of the wide consequence of this event? + +Not in the man's extraordinary original power. + +Nature did not intend aught intellectually pre-eminent in his +constitution. + +It had no organic strength to strike out new paths in action or +expression. + +It fell into ways other agents had broken. + +Mr. Sumner was not even an aboriginal abolitionist; he joined and did +yeoman's service in the antislavery ranks. + +He startled the soldiers, twenty-nine years ago, in Boston, with his +extreme doctrine of peace; but he followed Ladd and others, with +copious illustration, but no new sentiment or novel idea. + +Of origination there is no speck in his reflections or spark in his +style. + +His mind is parasitical, his discourse full of precedents, quotations, +classic scenes, and historic allusions, sometimes savoring of +schoolboy recitations, sophomoric and declamatory, stilted and +grotesque. Yet he is in the list of wonderful men. Others thought and +he was led to fancy some resemblance in his feature and person to +Edmund Burke, which the portrait of Mr. Burke might actually suggest; +but this resemblance to the great English Commoner was but skin-deep, +with little hint of the deep sea line that fathomed every question, or +the impassioned imagination which cast the light of flame on every +measure, and kindled with magnetic sympathy, against the French +Revolution and for American privilege, now one and now another portion +of the British realm. + +Mr. Sumner was perhaps a greater lover of freedom in its principle as +an inherent right and claim of all mankind than Mr. Burke; but Burke +had pre-eminent genius in politics, Sumner only accomplished talent, +though in the later light of a more humane era put to service in a +grander cause. + +Shakespeare, Milton, Bacon, Newton, Burke, William Blake: such would +be our shining classification for poetry, philosophy, science, +politics, art, in the mother land. + +But for native force we should think of many persons before Sumner in +his own field of study and pursuit. + +He had not the majestic sweep of Webster, the weight or heat of that +mountain with its base of granite and flame, the fiery eloquence of +Clay, the close grip of John Quincy Adams in argument, or the subtile +felicity and gleam of primary perception which William Henry Seward +brought for the enlivening of debate. + +He never could have invented the New-Yorker's phrase of _The +Irrepressible Conflict_ as applied to the Free and Slave States, or +the Illinoisian Abraham Lincoln's grander adaptation of Scripture,--_A +house divided against itself cannot stand: I do not expect the house +to fall, but to cease to be divided._ + +Mr. Sumner quoted abundantly, but he is not for any rhetorical merits +or ideal inventions in the whole range of his voluminous works +quotable, however rich in his right to be cited for the spirit and +design on every page. + +He stands not strong among men of strength, thinkers and benefactors +at first hand, germinators of thought and heroism in the van of the +race,--such as bear the stamp of a primitive and primeval energy, like +Abraham, Noah, Moses, David and Paul, Buddha and Mohammed, Socrates +and Plato, in the East; Garrison and John Brown among ourselves. + +He was an orator of the conceptions of his predecessors and superiors, +an arguer of the case, a sheriff to execute a writ. + +One name I do not mention in this comparison, because, being neither +ancient nor modern, it is greatest of all. + +But if his were a secondary mind, a vine round a stouter trunk, how +like some such creeper it towered and grew, appropriated nourishment +and vigor from the old decaying boughs, till at length, with superior +toughness and tenacity, it could breast every breeze, and stood +proudly alone! + +Yet his understanding was that not of the revealer, but the scholar to +the last. He imparted what he learned; he knew what he had been told. +His delivery was not, like Patrick Henry's, a bolt from Heaven to rend +the obstacle and burn up opposition, but a crystal stream flowing +smoothly from some rock that had garnered up the mountain-dew and the +rain; and he completely informed if he did not like Fisher Ames +irresistibly charm. + +But in the moral region lay the real greatness of the man. His +conscience was original and he had no original sin. + +No imputation on his purpose but cleared away like the cloud from a +breath on spotless steel, leaving the metal bright as before. + +He was as incorruptible as he honorably said to me was Fessenden, his +great rival in the Senate; and when he also one day, speaking of his +limited means, remarked: "I have never had the art to get my hands +into the Treasury," I was fain to answer, "You the whole man are in +the Treasury yourself." He was indeed in our politics a fund and +never-broken bank of moral wealth. Justice was his inspiration. He was +a prophet by equity. Righteousness was his genius; and humanity, in +any lack of imagination, his insight and foresight. He was without +spot. He wore ermine though he sat not on the bench. John Jay had not +cleaner hands, nor John Marshall a more honest will; Hamilton and +Jefferson were no more patriotic in contending than he in every legal +or congressional strife; and Story, his favorite teacher, and whose +favorite pupil he was, no more opulent in knowledge or innocent in its +use. + +As an antagonist, handling questions of motive or policy, he was as +frank as the lion-hearted Richard and simple as a child. + +From those early debates to which I listened, on prison discipline, +thirty years ago, to his latest speech on the Centennial Exhibition, +this candor, amounting to generosity and magnanimity, was plain as the +sun. + +He had no tricks, no management, no intrigue. He showed his hand. + +Could he not prevail by openness and sincerity, he would not prevail +at all. + +If he started no new ideas or measures that have been adopted +precisely in the way he conceived, or shape he gave, he mightily +sustained all good ones, and of their goodness he would not abate a +tithe. + +Of this rectitude benignity was the crown. Sternly exposing what he +thought mean or unworthy in any proceeding or adversary, his severity +was in his argument and rhetoric rather than in the feeling of his +soul. Without a sweet disposition no man could have had such a smile. +Without some grandeur of design no man ever displayed such a +countenance and port, handsome and sublime. In his intentness and +earnestness, he did not suspect the liability of his expressions to +the charge of a vindictiveness he was unconscious of in his own +breast. It was like a philippic of Demosthenes; it was a Ciceronian +oration against some Catiline, real or supposed. A poetic sort of +revenge was all he meant to take, although his language to opponents, +whom perhaps he sometimes mistook, may be subject to blame. Pity he +was so devoid of humor to recommend or soften his strokes! + +His old peace doctrine, doubtless, mainly prompted his battle-flag +resolution, while the time of offering it and his nearly +contemporaneous break with his party seemed to betray an unfair and +personal bias of which he was unaware. + +Sensible of his great and long importance to the government, an +egoistic, assuming, imperious, irascible inclination may to some have +appeared to be disclosed; but he ingenuously felt he had a title to be +consulted and that it was a slight and insult to set him aside. Let +the administration that refused him as an instrument beware lest it +become a hammer in the hands of inferior men, whose success will be +suicide, and itself the tool! This may an inspiration from his coffin +prevent! Massachusetts has honored herself at least as much as she did +her son, and cast from yonder halls one ray of comfort on his seat in +the Senate and on his death-bed in rescinding the censure on his +course; for his memory is among her trophies,--no banner more so that +hangs beneath the cupola above the marble floor,--and she is the +inheritor of his renown; for if "Providence made Washington childless +that the country might call him father," Sumner is without offspring +that the State may be his mourner. + +This freedom from all selfish heat or hate, one distinction of the +statesman from the politician, is a trait too rare to pass without +emphasis and applause. + +An example, indeed, to the ordinary run of village contrivers, caucus +packers, and municipal aspirants, of a man who never pulled a wire, +rolled a log, laid a pipe, listened in a lobby, whispered in the ear +what might not be proclaimed on the house-top, held a man by the +button, or blew any trumpet but of the public good, however in his +magnificent self-respect he might be falsely accused of wishing to +blow only his own! + +If a jealous personal honor ever had apology or excuse, it was how +ample and entire in the case of a man--the only one in our +annals--appointed to wear the shining crown of martyrdom before his +translation, to get up out of his own blood and recover from the foul +assassin's bludgeon after medical tortures of the surgeon's moxa in +combustion on his disabled spine, such as Sequard says he never +applied to any other living creature.[A] + +So he rose to bear the same unflinching testimony, no more groaning +under the fire of reproach than of the burning cotton; and if proud of +his position, with perfect consistency modest too. + +I did not and at this distance of cooling time do not approve all the +phraseology he employed on that senatorial occasion; but his weapons +were words, and, however rough and affronting, for the right: those of +his foes, equally gross and injurious, were for the wrong; and the +assault of brutal force came to disturb the equation, in violation of +all parliamentary privilege, with Douglas and his piratical compeers, +with ill-disguised pleasure and half-pretended unconcern, looking on +their own ignominy, crime, and shame, while the martyr that all but, +yet not quite, expired, after years of suffering comes back, a +resurrection witness not disposed of, and the assailant and would-be +executioner dies long first, in Northern and Southern disgrace and his +own remorse. + +At the same height with Milton in his blindness, Sumner, with his torn +and aching nerves, like a soldier who will not leave the field for +loss of blood, resumed the conflict, struggling with disappointment +and sorrow in age and loneliness, still moving ever immediately +against all the powers of evil and works of the devil, his white +plume, like that of the French Prince he quoted, floating ever ahead +to follow; like ex-President, Representative Adams, in his armor to +the very edge and last of earth, like Buckle, talking in his agony of +his book, and commending to survivors in Congress his beloved Civil +Rights' Bill, dealing out well-directed blows for his race of every +color and tribe till the instant the final stroke came to cut body and +spirit apart. Truly, the halo of angelic glory hangs not only around +the heads of dead saints! Such a man might be tempted to claim the +honor of his fellow-men, and a lofty self-esteem and aspiration to the +highest dignities hardly misbecame him, who, like Cato, was wrapped in +conscious integrity, and established in the respect of all +praiseworthy persons such a place. After the famous eulogy in his Phi +Beta Kappa oration, of Pickering, Story, Allston, and Channing, the +toast of John Quincy Adams was: "The memory of the scholar, jurist, +artist, and divine,--and not the memory, but the long life of the +kindred genius that has embalmed them all." Yet it has come for him +also to a memory, and a noble one now. + +As a humble cotemporary I copy not others' impressions, but simply set +down my own. Among his associates, the fault commonly found with +Sumner is not that he was implacable--none easier to propitiate--but +impracticable; not an idealist, but ideologist and doctrinary dreamer +of a peace and freedom on earth which he put into no effective and +satisfactory form; for ten thousand besides him recommended the +Emancipation, which John Quincy Adams held justifiable as a war +measure, and Lincoln proclaimed. + +But though the greatness of rulers and social founders is in what they +establish and bring to pass, yet in default of this rare achievement, +which happens seldom in the course of ages to any man, a certain +impracticability is in others in many exigencies a blessing to be +thankful for, a virtue to applaud. In the collisions of interest with +principle are plenty to trim, compromise, and compound as oligarchs or +demagogues bid; but as the merit of some substances is the lack of +ductility, so how oft we must lean on unmalleable men, whose back-bone +is not supple as a universal joint, who will not "crook the pregnant +hinges of the knee where thrift may follow fawning," and who, in a +noble discontent with all yet undertaken or done, summon to worthier +performance towards never-attained perfection in betterment of the +common lot. Mr. Rubinstein was displeased with the preacher who said, +"Men must be expected to do no more than they can." "No," said the +artist, "that doctrine letting down the standard is worse than actual +vice. We can forgive the last, not the first!" Men must do the +_impossible_,--a word which Napoleon told his officer was beastly, +never to be spoken, and in his dictionary not found. "With God all +things are possible," and that means possible to whoever works with +Him. Said the pianist to his pupils, "If you do not expect or intend +to write finer music than Beethoven, you have no business to compose +at all." Mr. Sumner aimed at the sun; and the feeling of philanthropic +duty with which he stirred the body politic out of the custom of +chronic oppression and old habit of wrong was of more precious +consequence than carrying any particular scheme. With this +earnestness, that would not stop short of improving the world, I was +struck in my last conversation with him on the threatened Spanish war. +If he did not interest or magnetize everybody, all individuals, like +Crittenden or Clay, few cared more for their kind; and this broad +benevolence, as well as special affection, lays hold on immortality. +Who shall say such as Agassiz and Sumner are dead? "A great man has +fallen," said my friend: no, a good man has risen. + +Death brings simplicity and reality. As it approaches, learning and +philosophy go; goodness and conscience are left, the last guests in +the feast of life at the table of the heart. In Sumner the +_sentiment_, foremost always, blooms at the pillow where last he laid, +"so tired and weary," his head; and sentiment, as well as science, has +eternal claim. He extends courtesy to callers, opens his eye while it +could open, waves his hand while it had strength to move, says _Sit +down_ to his old associate, tries to speak when the lips no longer +obey the will, and sends a legacy of love and reverence more precious +than any gold to his old friend. _Cold_ was he indeed? + +For his noble affections, how we shall remember the solitary and +little-related man, with no children, when he was sad, to play with in +his house! His thirst for knowledge, his bent to investigate and study +whatever had been said and done in the world, would have made him an +antiquarian save for his patriotic and humanitarian zeal. + +What a lover and knower he was of pictures, bronzes, manuscripts, old +books, curious relics of the past, all memorials in all time of his +fellow-men! Such research is a sort of humanity. Yet no man's +sympathies were more in the present than his, or more eager to +stretch after a perfected civilization in the future. + +Indeed, the millennial day shone so upon him through the vista of hope +as to dazzle and blind him, like Saul on the road to Damascus, to the +immediate possibilities of action and direct bearings of his theme. + +If there were any defect in his style, it was a certain lack of +proportion, or an exceeding uniform stress, a straining forward +against the leash of irrefragable circumstance, till in the ardor of +pursuit the perspective of the subject was lost. + +But whatever might be the lesser vices, the great virtues were in his +judgment and thought. + +He was an admirable inciter. How we needed incentives! He hallooed to +a grander chase than any huntsman's. He was the Lamartine of America, +_our_ orator of the human race. The Senate floor was to him a popular +rostrum and sacred stump. He advocated every great cause if he found +the key of none. + +He roused England and the United States, kindling into white heat, +like dry wood, after such long seasoning, the Alabama difficulties, +and compelling an attention which doubtless was good for both parties, +although his extravagant statement of the doctrine of consequential +damages could not settle the question, and failed of the seal and +sanction of international law. More human than divine, his +inspiration came from without rather than from within. The first time +I saw him, forty years ago, with the same characteristic ornate and +fervent language, and garnish of Latin references, he elucidated to me +the difference between a pettifogger or litigious searcher for +cases--a _praeco actionum_ as he called him--and a jurist of the Judge +Story stamp. + +Already he saw in faith the career for which he turned aside from +every flattering offer that would divert him, conscious of superior +ability to serve at the highest posts to which Democrat joined hands +with Free Soiler to lead. Strange that the seemingly accidental, shall +I say insincere, vote of a coalition should have furnished the most +distinguished and perhaps longest continued Senator of the land! + +His empty chair on the Senate floor, drew, last week, at the +obsequies, the spectators' eyes. + +But it was unoccupied that he might fill a higher seat prepared, +waiting for, and needing, not the undying part but the everlasting +whole; for we are not _whole_ till we drop our dust! Three +funeral-sensations, I remember,--of Webster, the man of power, +Lincoln, the man of providence, and Sumner, as I delight to call him, +the man of purity. + +If the shadow of no demise ever brooded over this region as a huge +pall, a black sheet let down from the sky, like that of the great +New-Englander; and if no public sorrow in our day and generation was +ever keener than when the martyr-president gave up the ghost at the +revengeful stroke of the monster of political slavery, expiring, like +a leviathan, under his hand; never was a more genuine tribute than +will be laid on the Senator's tomb, or a completer satisfaction in an +ended testimony and finished work, whatever part he left for us to +finish. Several years ago, forced by illness away from the theatre of +public duties and affairs into a country refuge, as the sounds came +softened by distance from the arena at the capitol where the +combatants struggled together, however pleasantly fell the counsels of +moderation and prudence on my ear, I recognized the clarion of Sumner, +urging to absolute truth and honor, and, far or near, resounding above +them all. + +Here was a man that could not bend or yield, alloy or qualify, +surrender or retreat. Here was an incorruptibility proof against +bribes, and too original in legislatives halls, an originality, if not +of suggestion yet of heroic act. Here was an obstinacy not of will, +but idea; for ideas are more obstinate than any human will in the +world. Here was a necessity not of whim but duty, such as was laid on +the great apostle to the Gentiles to preach the Gospel, and drove +Luther to the Diet of Worms. I aim at simple truth as I speak. Such +stubbornness will surely accomplish great results and always fetch an +echo from the human breast. I abstain from overstatement. Love must +not falsify or exaggerate. It is no compliment to exalt another by +belying ourselves. Our friend belongs to history now; and the +offerings of a discriminating respect are part of its material. I must +think of him less as hewn by the Divinity than carving himself. Like +one of the straws a swallow bears to build its nest, let my poor word +go to the fashioning by many hands, of the niche of his fame. His head +had its limits; but there was no outside to his heart! The great man's +servant, secretary, keeper of his house, farmer of his estate, has +something valuable to say of him; and the humblest coeval's +contribution will not be refused or despised. Voicing the feeling of +no party, for him or against, I but touch the ground of that secret +respect to his character and aim which not only favorers but foes are +constrained, unitedly, unanimously, instinctively, to pay. + + "Little heeds he what is said; + They have done with all below;" + +Such were the commonplaces of the old theology founded on the notion +of a senseless rest of the dead, or their departure to an infinite +distance from our earthly abode. But we reconsider such views. He, who +was so sensitive to his fellow-citizens' regard, can hardly be +insensible now, or unconscious of our sincere honor. I would speak as +in his presence and to his ear! His clear voice will be no longer +heard in our assemblies, or his commanding form cast its welcome +shadow through our streets. + +But the moral stature, with which, as in mental height, he transcended +the common sons of men, shall be seen and felt. + +Nor can the recollection for ages pass how, as a brave knight, with +superb courage, horsed on ideas for the saving of the land, he flung +defiance from boldness unsurpassed at the giant wrong,--that dragon +and old serpent, the form Satan took for us, the _Barbarism of +Slavery_, and _Slavery sectional not national_, as he entitled the +greatest speeches he made. His somewhat artificial manner, method, and +phrase only clothed or cloaked an indigenous force of conscience, +which was a piece of nature, a divine monolith or monogram, if his +intellect were not. His meaning no man, white or black, in the land +doubted or could misunderstand. + +If his forensic efforts had been to a nice taste better in some +respects, the improvement might have made them in others for general +effect worse or of less effect. They were at least faithfully prepared +from a width of observation and stock of information seldom equalled, +and set forth with a consecutive order of formal logic worthy of a +master in the schools. + +Twice has been his conspicuous entry into this town: first, after he +was outraged for his freedom of utterance in his place; next, +yesterday, in whatever connection the spirit may have with the +forsaken robe which it cannot desert or lose all feeling for at once. + +How, but as a man of principle, shall he stand for-ever in our memory +and in the human mind? Let his name, like that of Washington, be a +lasting rebuke to venality, selfish ambition, bribery, and all +political intrigue! He is one more added to the band of blessed bigots +which, wiser than any conformists, all our pilgrim fathers were. + +"You can rest soon," he said to the familiar friend and companion in +clerkly labor who was rubbing the hands fast growing cold in death. No +chafing can restore what turns to the clay of which it was made. The +flowers you form into his name will fade, but to cherish his honor we +will never cease. Let his body be "buried in peace: his name liveth +evermore." + + * * * * * + +FOOTNOTES: + +[A] "Will chloroform make the operation less beneficial?" he asked. "I +could not lie," said the Doctor, "and said, Yes."--"Then I will not +take it," he replied. + + * * * * * + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Senatorial Character, by C. A. 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