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diff --git a/25894.txt b/25894.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43b1e63 --- /dev/null +++ b/25894.txt @@ -0,0 +1,706 @@ +Project Gutenberg's The Spirit Proper to the Times., by James Walker + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Spirit Proper to the Times. + A Sermon preached in King's Chapel, Boston, Sunday, May 12, 1861. + +Author: James Walker + +Release Date: June 24, 2008 [EBook #25894] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SPIRIT PROPER TO THE TIMES. *** + + + + +Produced by Gerard Arthus and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + + + + + +The Spirit Proper to the Times. + + +A SERMON + +PREACHED IN KING'S CHAPEL, BOSTON, + +SUNDAY, MAY 12, 1861. + +BY + +JAMES WALKER, D.D. + + +PRINTED AT THE REQUEST OF THE WARDENS OF THE SOCIETY. + +BOSTON: +PRESS OF GEO. C. RAND & AVERY, +NO. 3 CORNHILL. +1861. + + + + +SERMON. + + "With such sacrifices God is well pleased."--_Hebrews_ xiii. 16. + + +I am to speak of public spirit, as manifested in a willingness to make +sacrifices for the public good. + +The necessity for making sacrifices would seem to be founded in this: +as we cannot have every thing, we must be willing to sacrifice some +things in order to obtain or secure others. Wicked men recognize and +act upon this principle. Can you not recall more than one person in +your own circle of acquaintances who is sacrificing his health, his +good name, his domestic comfort, to vicious indulgences? Worldly +people recognize and act upon this principle. Look at that miser: he +is hoarding up his thousands and his tens of thousands, but in order +to do so, is he not sacrificing every thing which makes life worth +having? It is a mistake to suppose that religion, or morality, or the +public necessities, ever call upon us to make greater sacrifices than +those which men are continually making to sin and the world, to +fashion and fame, to "the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and +the pride of life." + +In times of ease, and abundance, and tranquillity, the public takes +care of itself. There are few sacrifices on the part of individuals +for the public good, because there are few occasions for such +sacrifices. They are not made because not called for, because not +needed. Moreover, private benevolence is apt at such times to become +less active, and, for the same reason, that is to say, because less +of it is required. + +This state of things is seized upon by those who are eager to put the +worst possible construction on human nature and human conduct, as +evidence of extreme degeneracy. How often are we to be told that our +present troubles are sent upon us in order to lift the whole community +out of the mire of money-getting propensities, where every thing like +public spirit was in danger of being swallowed up and lost? I protest +against this wholesale abuse of what has been,--at best, a gross +exaggeration. The whole truth in this matter is told in a few words. +By constitution, by habit, by circumstances, our people are intensely +active; and this activity, for want of other objects, has been turned +into the channels of material prosperity. If, therefore, you merely +affirm their excessive eagerness in acquisition, I grant it; but if, +not content with this, you go on to charge them with being niggards in +expending what they have acquired, I deny it, emphatically, utterly. +Read the history of what has been done in this commonwealth, in this +city, during the last twenty-five years for humanity, for education, +for science and the arts, for every form of public use or human need, +and then say, if you can, that public spirit has been dying out. Our +people have never been otherwise than public spirited, and hence the +promptness and unanimity of their response to this new call to public +duty. Hence also our confidence in it,--not as an excitement merely, +which a day has made, and a day may unmake, but as an expression of +character. + +Let us, however, be just to the excitement itself, considered as the +sudden and spontaneous uprising of a whole community to sustain the +government. We need demonstrations of this kind, from time to time, +to reassure us that all men have souls. It is worth a great deal +merely as an experiment, on a large scale, to prove that the moral and +social instincts are as much a part of human nature as the selfish +instincts. But he must be a superficial observer who can see nothing +in this vast movement but the play of instincts. It is a great moral +force. + +Not a little of what passes for loyalty or patriotism in other +countries is blind impulse, growing out of mere attachment to the +soil, or the power of custom, or a helpless feeling of dependence on +things as they are. "If my father in his grave could hear of this +war," said a Spanish peasant, "his bones would not rest." Yet what +earthly interest, what intelligible concern had Spanish peasants in +the rivalships and struggles of princes who thought of nothing but +their own or their family aggrandizement. Of such loyalty, of such +patriotism, there never has been much in this country, and there never +will be. The loyal and patriotic States have risen up as one man to +maintain the government, because the government represents the great +ideas of order and liberty. It is not an excitement of irritation +merely, or of wounded vanity, or of a selfish and discomfited +ambition. It is, as I have said, a great moral force, a reverence for +order and liberty; an excitement, if you will have it so, but an +excitement resting on solid and intelligible principle, and one, +therefore, which trial and sacrifice will be likely to convert into +earnest and solemn purpose. + +I suppose some are full of concern as to the effect which trial and +sacrifice will really have on this new outbreak of public spirit. They +fear that suffering for our principles will abate our confidence in +them, or at least our interest in them, and so the ardor will die +away. So doubtless, it will in some cases, for every community has +its representatives of "the seed that was sown on stony ground"; but +it will be the exception and not the rule. Human nature, if it has +fair play, will never lead a single individual to think less of a +privilege or blessing, merely because it has cost more. When has +religion interested men the most, and the most generally? Precisely at +those times when men were religious at the greatest sacrifices. +Indeed, it is on this principle that we explain the decay of a proper +love of country among us for the last twenty or thirty years; it is +because we have had so little to do for our country. A foreign war, +even a famine or a pestilence, if it had been sufficiently severe, +would have saved us from our present trouble and humiliation. So long +as the people think and feel together, they hold each other up, and +the sacrifices in which they express their public spirit, instead of +wearing it out, will purify it and keep it alive. + +And this is not all. From the language sometimes used in speaking of +sacrifices for the public good, it might almost be supposed that the +making of them is simply painful, simply distressing. But is it so? Of +course both instinct and duty impel us to look out for ourselves; but +is it not equally true that both instinct and duty impel us to help +one another, and provide for the common weal? A generous and noble +deed,--simply painful, simply distressing! I will not deny that a long +life of selfishness, meanness, and servility may bring here and there +one to look on things in this light, but not until he is, in the +language of Scripture, "without natural affection." "Public spirit," +so an eminent jurist has defined it, "is the whole body of those +affections which unite men's hearts to the commonwealth." What I +insist upon is, that these are real and natural affections, and that, +in acting them out, we find a real and natural satisfaction. Who will +say that the happiest moments of his existence have not been those in +which he was conscious of living for others, and not for himself? +There are many things in the present aspect of our public affairs to +fill us with regret and anxiety, but a gleam of light shines through +the cloud. Every man and woman and child will be moved to act more +unselfishly, more nobly; life will cost more, but it will also be +worth more. + +It is extremely difficult to do justice to this human nature of +ours,--capable at once of such mean and little things, of such noble +and great things. There is, however, one distinction which all, I +suppose, will accord to it: I mean its tendency to rise up and meet +great emergencies. In every soul that lives there is an untold amount +of latent energy and public spirit which only waits for the occasion +to call it forth. Read the history of the Netherlands,--a people made +up, for the most part, of merchants and manufacturers, of traders and +artisans, growing rich and apparently thinking of little else. A blow +is struck at the free institutions which they had inherited from their +ancestors; immediately a new spirit reveals itself, and all Europe +rings with the story of their heroic daring and suffering. + +The sacrifices which the country asks for in time of war are those of +_property, labor, and life_; and she does not ask in vain. + +We are continually reminded that this rebellion has taken place at a +moment of great national prosperity, to blast it all. The sacrifices +of _property_, in a thousand ways, must be immense; every man, +however, from his diminished fortune, is "ready to distribute," and +"not grudgingly or of necessity." His public spirit makes him love to +give. I doubt whether it is common for rich men to think any better of +themselves merely because they are rich; but if they can make their +riches, and their financial skill, available to save the State, they +will think better of themselves, and they will have a right to do so. +There is a natural jealousy of wealth, especially when it takes the +form of a passion for accumulation, which demagogues and fanatics know +how to use for bad ends. One of the incidental benefits resulting from +a great national struggle is, that all these social misunderstandings +and heart-burnings are suspended, are healed. The people see and feel +and acknowledge that a real title to nobility is found, not in wealth +itself, but in wealth generously and nobly bestowed. + +Others are manifesting their public spirit by sacrifices of _time_ and +_labor_. And here I wish I could find fit terms in which to +acknowledge the services and sufferings of women. You have heard of +the Spartan mother equipping her son for battle, and giving him, last +of all, the shield, with the brief and stern farewell, "With it or on +it." We expect no such stoicism now, but we expect what is better. We +expect that Christian mothers, with hearts bleeding for their country, +and bleeding for their children, will say, "It is the will of God that +they should go," and, furthermore, that they will go, having always +been taught at home that there are many things worse than death. And +then how many fingers are busily at work in all classes, rich and poor +alike, to provide for the comfort of those who go? They even ask for +the privilege of tending the sick and wounded. How many, brought up in +ease and affluence, would follow in the steps of her whose tender +voice, the very rustle of whose dress by the bedside of the dying +soldier was as a glimpse of heaven. I have heard men call this +"romance." But is it well, or right, or tolerable, in times like +these, to look round for side motives, when the motive avowed is +reasonable and probable? I believe, as I believe I live, that many who +never knew what it is to work before, are ready to thank God for the +chance they now have to live to some purpose. + +But will our men _fight_? There is no denying that this word sounds +disagreeably in a Christian discourse; still, I have no misgivings in +respect to it,--no extravagances to take back; not the beginning of a +doubt but that there are wars which, on one side at least, are +necessary, and just, and holy. The Bible contains no express and +unqualified prohibition of war; neither can such prohibition be said +to be intimated or implied in any text or in the general tenor of +Scripture, without making it subversive, at the same time, of civil +government. Besides, I remember that the first person not a Jew, in +whose favor our Lord wrought a miracle, was a Roman centurion; and +that the first person not a Jew admitted into the Christian church, +was also a Roman centurion; and not a syllable is said against their +calling, neither is there a shadow of evidence that they ever changed +it. Undoubtedly it is the legitimate and certain tendency of the +spirit of the gospel, as it is more and more diffused in the world, to +introduce universal peace; but the spirit of the gospel acts from +within outwardly, and not from without inwardly. Thus the stop to be +put to war is to be expected, not so much by chaining down those +irrepressible instincts which lead men to resist wrong, as by +eradicating the disposition to do wrong. Wars will cease when all men +are Christians, and perfect Christians; but this will not be to-day +nor to-morrow. + +Accordingly, I am not surprised that the call to arms has been +responded to with such enthusiasm,--or that it is sustained by the +whole moral and religious sentiment of the community. Men are ready to +offer up not only their money and their labor, but also their lives. +Are you afraid that your sons and brothers will be cowards merely +because they are not duelists? because they have never been engaged in +a street-fight? because prayers were made at their departure? or +because they have carried their bibles with them? Did Cromwell's +soldiers flee before the cavaliers because they were sober and +God-fearing men? Our people have no love for fighting, as a pastime; +let it, however, become a serious business, and they will show that +their veins are full of the blood that flowed so freely in other days. + +These are some of the ways in which a people may manifest their public +spirit, and in which our people are manifesting it now. "With such +sacrifices God is well pleased." I have given a definition of public +spirit from the jurists, but I like still better the Bible definition. +In the words of the prophet, "They helped every one his neighbor, and +every one said to his brother, Be of good courage." + +In looking back on what has been said, I find I have not spoken +against anybody, not even against our enemies. Perhaps we have had +enough of invective; at any rate the pulpit may spare it. God is my +witness, I feel no vindictive resentment, no bitter hostility against +those who have been swept away by this terrible delusion. Moreover, I +confess to being greatly moved by the circumstance that in some +respects what is true of us is true also of them. They seem to be of +one mind; their religious men appeal with confidence to the righteous +Judge; their women are working day and night to help forward the +cause. If it were a mere question of interest, or passion, or +prejudice between us and them, it might be said that one side is as +likely to be self-deceived as the other. But it is not. By striking at +the principles of all constitutional and free government, and this too +avowedly for the purpose of founding society on the servitude of an +inferior race, on whose toil the more favored races are to live, they +have put themselves in opposition to the settled convictions and the +moral sense of good men all over the world. + +To the student of history it is no new thing that a whole community +should be given over "to believe a lie,"--not the less mad, because +all mad together. The process by which this state of things is brought +about is always substantially the same. Egotism, vanity, disappointed +ambition, sectional jealousies, a real or supposed interest or +expediency induce them to _wish_ that a wrong course were the right +one. They try to convince themselves that it is so, and all such +efforts to sophisticate the conscience, if persisted in, are _punished +by entire success_. The spectacle does not inspire me with hate; it +fills me with wonder and profound melancholy. Do these men think that +by altering their opinion of right they can alter the nature of +things, or make wrong come out right in the great and solemn issues +which are before us? We stand where their own great men stood in the +best days of the republic. As regards the leading rights and interests +at stake, our consciences are but the echo of the conscience of the +Christian world. The fathers of the Revolution, one and all, are +looking down with sorrow and indignation on this attempt to break up +and destroy their work. + +Nevertheless, it can do no good to begin by overvaluing ourselves, or +undervaluing our enemies. We know that the behests of a righteous +Providence will be accomplished, but we do not know in what way. It is +more than probable that in the troubles and distractions which have +come upon the country we ourselves have something to answer for. For +this reason reverses and humiliations may be in store for us, before +we are accounted worthy to carry out the Divine judgments. But there +can be no doubt as to the end. A struggle has been forced upon us by a +doomed people, if the laws of nature do not fail, if there is any +meaning in the moral sentiments of mankind, or any justice in +heaven. + + * * * * * + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Spirit Proper to the Times., by James Walker + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SPIRIT PROPER TO THE TIMES. *** + +***** This file should be named 25894.txt or 25894.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/5/8/9/25894/ + +Produced by Gerard Arthus and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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