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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Buchanan's Journal of Man, April 1887 + Volume 1, Number 3 + +Author: Various + +Editor: J. R. Buchanan + +Release Date: June 24, 2008 [EBook #25890] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BUCHANAN'S JOURNAL OF MAN *** + + + + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + <div id="masthead"> + <h1 class="issue_title"><a class="pagenum" id="page1" title="1"></a><span class="proprietor">BUCHANAN’S</span><br /> + JOURNAL OF MAN.</h1> + <div id="mastdate"> + <p id="leftmast"><abbr title="Volume">Vol.</abbr> <abbr title="One">I.</abbr></p> + <p id="centermast">APRIL, 1887.</p> + <p id="rightmast"><abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 3.</p> + </div> + </div><!--Masthead--> + <div id="contents"> + <h2 class="title">CONTENTS.</h2> + <ul> + <li><a href="#art1">Psychometry: The Divine Science.</a></li> + <li><a href="#art2">A Modern Miracle-Worker</a></li> + <li><a href="#art3">Human Longevity</a></li> + <li><a href="#art4">Justice to the Indians</a></li> + <li><a href="#art5"><strong class="emphasis">Miscellaneous Intelligence</strong></a>—<a href="#misc1">Anatomy of the Brain</a>; <a href="#misc2">Mesmeric Cures</a>; <a href="#misc3">Medical Despotism</a>; <a href="#misc4">The Dangerous Classes</a>; <a href="#misc5">Arbitration</a>; <a href="#misc6">Criticism on the Church</a>; <a href="#misc7">Earthquakes and Predictions</a></li> + <li><a href="#art6">Chapter II. Of Outlines of Anthropology; Structure of the Brain</a></li> + <li><a href="#business">Business Department, College of Therapeutics</a></li> + </ul> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="art1" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Psychometry: The Divine Science.</h2> + <p><span class="first_word">It</span> is presumed that every reader of these pages has some knowledge + of this subject, either by reading the “Manual of Psychometry” + or otherwise, and has at least read the “Introduction to the <cite class="name">Journal + of Man</cite>” on our cover pages.</p> + + <p>It is not of the directly practical bearings of Psychometry that I + would speak at present, but of its imperial rank among sciences, + entitling it to the post of honor.</p> + + <p>In all human affairs, that takes the highest rank which has the + greatest controlling and guiding power. The king, the statesman, + the hero, the saintly founder of a religion, the philosopher that + guides the course of human thought, and the scientist who gives us + a greater command of nature, are the men whom we honor as the + ministers of destiny.</p> + + <p>When we speak of science, we accord the highest rank to that + which gives the greatest comprehension of the world as it is—of its + past and of its future. Geology and astronomy are the sciences + which reach out into the illimitable alike in the present and past. + Biology will do the same for the world of life when biology is + completed by a knowledge of the centre of all life, the brain. But + in its present acephalous condition it is but a fragment of science—a + headless corpse, unfit to rank among complete sciences. Theology + claims the highest rank of all, but based as it has been on the conceptions + current in the dark ages, it has become, in the light of + modern science, a crumbling ruin. Does psychometry compare with + astronomy and geology in its scientific rank, or does it compare with + the acephalous biology, which occupies all medical colleges?</p> + + <p>It compares with neither. Like astronomy, it borders on the + limitless; like geology, it reaches into the vast, undefined past; and + like biology, it comprehends all life science; but unlike each, it has + no limitation to any sphere. It is equally at home with living forms + and with dead matter—equally at home in the humbler spheres of + human life and human infirmity, and in the higher spheres of the + spirit world, which we call heaven. It grasps all of biology, all of + history, all of geology and astronomy, and far more than + telescopes have revealed. It has no parallel in any science, for + sciences are limited and defined in their scope, while psychometry is + unlimited, transcending far all that collegians have called science, + and all that they have deemed the limits of human capacities, for in + <a class="pagenum" id="page2" title="2"> </a>psychometry the divinity in man becomes apparent, and the intellectual + mastery of all things lifts human life to a higher plane than it + has ever known before.</p> + + <p>Psychometry is therefore in its nature and scope not classifiable + among the sciences, since it reaches out above and beyond all, in a + higher and broader sphere, and hence may truly be called the + Divine science, for it is the expression of the Divine element in man. + Wherein is Divine above human knowledge? And wherein is human + above animal knowledge and understanding? The superiority + in each case consists in a deeper and more interior comprehension + of that which is, which realizes in the present the potentiality + of the future, enabling us to act for future results and accomplish + whatever is possible to our powers. That forecast, that comprehension + through the present of that which is to be, constitutes + foresight,—the essential element of wisdom; and in its grander + manifestations it appears as prophecy. Prophecy, then, is the + noblest aspect of psychometry; and if this prophetic power can be + cultivated to its maximum possibilities, there is no reason why it + should not become the guiding power of each individual life, + and the guiding power for the destiny of nations. Moreover, + in its prophetic role its superiority of rank is manifest, since it + is then the instructor of all hearers,—the revealer of that in which + they readily confess their ignorance.</p> + + <p>Hence it was that St. Paul especially recommended the cultivation + of prophecy as the most sacred and Divine of all religious exercises, + saying, in 1 Corinthians <abbr title="fourteen">xiv.</abbr> 21-25: “If therefore the + whole church be come together into one place, and all speak + with tongues, and there come in those who are unlearned or + unbelievers, will they not say ye are mad? But <em>if all prophesy</em>, + and there come in one that believeth not, or one unlearned, + he is convinced of all, he is judged of all: and thus are the + secrets of his heart made manifest; and so falling down on his + face, he will worship God, and report that God is in you of a truth.” + This is a description of a congregation in which all are developed up + to a psychometric and spiritual condition in which the truths of religion + and the ministry of angels may have full power.</p> + + <p>Wherever the highest order of religious sentiment is in active + operation, prophecy becomes one of its results. It was so in + Jewish history, and has been so in many eventful periods since.</p> + + <p>George Fox had the most exalted religious sentiment of his time, + and he had an eminently prophetic mind. All nations have had + prophetic minds and well-attested prophecies. Egypt and India, + Greece, Rome, France, England, and America, have their recorded + prophecies, and in the height of ancient civilization prophecy commanded + sufficient respect to influence the course of public events. + Cicero expressed the general intelligence of the ancients in recognizing + prophecy as a power of the human soul.</p> + + <p>Modern materialism has ignored all this, and one of the noblest + works to-day for a man of genius whose mind is sufficiently vigorous + to throw off the trammels of collegiate ignorance and fashionable + <a class="pagenum" id="page3" title="3"> </a>conservatism, would be to produce a volume upon prophecy, in + which its vast historic development should be sketched.</p> + + <p>The limitations of the <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> do not permit me to + introduce this historic matter which would be sufficient to exclude + everything else from its pages, and I would merely refer to an + almost forgotten example of the intuitive and prescient faculty + connected with the introduction of Universalism into this country.</p> + + <p>A worthy and pious farmer on the seacoast of Delaware, named + Potter, built a church at his own expense, but having an advanced + idea of the Divine benevolence, he could never find any preacher + whose doctrines suited him. Nevertheless he was profoundly convinced + that such a preacher would be sent to realize his hopes, and + was not discouraged by the disbelief of his neighbors. His anticipation + was strangely fulfilled. Rev. John Murray, almost crazed by + the death of his wife, sailed from England for America in 1770, + intending to abandon the pulpit entirely. The vessel put in at + Philadelphia instead of New York, and as the stage for New York + had left, Mr. Murray concluded to remain on the vessel and go to + New York that way. But on the voyage they got lost in the fog, + and got into Cranberry Inlet in a dangerous position. They went + ashore, being out of provisions, and found a country tavern. Mr. + Murray strolled along the coast, intending to get fish for the crew, + and fell into company with Farmer Potter, who had a supply, and + who at once told him, to his astonishment, that he was glad to meet + him, and had been looking for him a long time. Potter decided at + once that this was the minister he had been looking for, and of whom + he had often spoken when telling his neighbors, “God will send me + a preacher of a very different stamp from those who have heretofore + preached in my house; that God who has put it into my heart to + build this house will send one who shall deliver to me His own truth, + who shall speak of Jesus Christ and His salvation.” Potter + briefly sketched his own life and said:</p> + + <p>“The moment I beheld your vessel on shore, it seemed as if a + voice had suddenly sounded in my ears: ‘There, Potter, in that + vessel cast away on that shore is the preacher you have been so long + expecting.’ I heard the voice and I believed the report; and when + you came up to my door and asked for the fish, the same voice + seemed to repeat, ‘Potter, this is the man, this is the person whom I + have sent to preach in your house.’”</p> + + <p>Murray says: “I was astonished, immeasurably astonished at Mr. + Potter’s narrative, but yet I had not the smallest idea that it could + ever be realized. I requested to know what he could discover in my + appearance which could lead him to mistake me for a preacher.” + “What,” said he, “could I discover when you were in the vessel that + could induce this conclusion? No sir, it is not what I saw or see, + but what I feel, which produces in my mind a full conviction.” + “But, my dear sir, you are deceived, indeed you are deceived. I + shall never preach in this place nor anywhere else.”</p> + + <p>Potter maintained that he had preached and that he would preach + in his church, and that the wind would not allow him to leave until + <a class="pagenum" id="page4" title="4"> </a>he had. To shorten the story, Murray at last yielded and preached + in that church, of which we have a picture in his biography. He + had a great fear of giving out the doctrine of universal salvation, + expecting universal denunciation of himself by the clergy and their + followers, but he went on from this beginning and established + Universalism in America.</p> + + <p>In this instance it is evident that Potter was of a spiritual + temperament, and was indebted to a spirit influence for his impressions + and convictions. But whatever is possible to the disembodied + spirit in the intellectual way is also possible to the embodied spirit + which has not lost its material body, if the interior faculties are well + developed and prophecy does not require supernal aid. In innumerable + cases mesmeric subjects, in their somniloquent condition, + have made most accurate predictions in reference to their own cases + and others, which have been accurately verified. There is probably + no good clairvoyant physician who has not often made successful + predictions concerning patients.</p> + + <p>In the daily practice of psychometry, Mrs. Buchanan, of whose + powers the “Manual of Psychometry” gives a fair idea, is accustomed + in speaking of the present to feel impressions of the past and + the future. In reference to public men she has spoken in advance of + their election or defeat, their policy and their death. She spoke + prophetically of the election of Cleveland and the defeat of Blaine, + of the deaths of Disraeli and Garibaldi, of the career of Gladstone + and his becoming “the best friend of Ireland;” and when Ireland + was believed to be on the brink of a bloody revolution or rebellion, + she announced that no such outbreak would occur, but that at the + end of two years Ireland would be pacified and quiet. At the end + of two years this was verified, for the magistrates commented on the + fact at that time that there were fewer crimes of violence before + them than had been customary.</p> + + <p>I have learned to rely on this prescience, and in reference to public + men and public affairs, when they interested me, have satisfied + my curiosity by the psychometric method.</p> + + <p>For twelve months past the newspaper press and the statesmen of + Europe and America have been continually agitated by apprehensions + of a great European war, and have made numerous estimates + of the power of belligerents and the result of the contest. France + and Germany have been expected to engage in a fatal conflict, and + even a noted public medium has fallen in with these ideas and predicted + a coming war this year.</p> + + <p>I have kept the record of public opinion, and from time to time + have invoked the aid of psychometry, which has dissipated every fear + and contradicted all the pessimistic notions of politicians and newspaper + correspondents down to the present time.</p> + + <p>On the 26th of January I recorded the psychometric impressions, + again in February, and again on the 11th of March. The psychometer + answers questions or discusses subjects by impression alone, not + knowing what is under her hand, but expressing what arises in her + mind. The first impression, January 26, was as follows:</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page5" title="5"> </a>“It looks misty, but the finale looks bright. The result of this, + whatever it is, will be a grand success or achievement—good will + result. There is a dissatisfaction or rivalry on a very large scale—very + momentous—is it war? There is agitation and blustering.”</p> + + <p><em>Q.</em>—How will it be in the summer?</p> + + <p>“There will not be war. There is a growing contention, like + growling, angry dogs; they may keep up growling for a year, but it + will be nothing; there will be good coming out of it—a better + understanding; this experience will elevate the views of the people; + they will see the folly, and not be so belligerent. <em>There will be no war</em> + this summer.”</p> + + <p>What was the drift of opinion, however, as shown by the press? + The correspondent of the New York <cite>Sun</cite> said: “Everybody talks + of war as a sure thing which must soon appear somewhere. The + work of getting ready for the fray, of which I have often sent + details, goes steadily on.” M. Thibaudin “hopes for peace, as do all + other diplomats trained and admired for their ability to say what they + don’t think; and finally he announces that France is ready to fight + whenever the time comes.” January 29 he writes: “The <cite>Daily + News</cite> war scare which shook us up early in the week seems not to + have exhausted its disquieting influence yet.” “France and Germany + are looked upon as certain to lead off the ball, and Germany, + it is generally thought, will be found at the head of the set and take + the initiative. Preparations for a big fight continue in every direction.” + “Russia, if we can believe the tales from that unreliable country, + is quietly making preparations on a tremendous scale to have + her paw fall heavily on somebody.”</p> + + <p>The French <cite>Revue des Deux Mondes</cite> said about this time that a + war between France and Germany would almost inevitably lead to + a general European war, on a scale such as the world has never + before seen.</p> + + <p>The Russian <cite>Viedomosti</cite> of February 5 said: “No compromise is + possible between Russia and Austria concerning Eastern affairs, without + detriment to Russia and the Eastern races. German intervention + is useless, and will only create hostility between Russia and Germany.”</p> + + <p>The Boston <cite>Herald</cite> correspondent of February 5, said of France + and Germany: “Now both are counted as among the most civilized + and most humanitarian on the face of the globe, and yet the <em>certainty + of war</em> between the two hereditary enemies on either side of the + Rhine is <em>as certain as anything can be</em>. When it comes, be it sooner + or later, one of the two adversaries is inevitably condemned, if not to + total annihilation, at least to such a crushing punishment that for + many long years the defeated power will be little more than a geographical + expression on modern maps.” His letter concluded with + an elaborate statement of the military resources and condition of the + two nations, which approximate an equality in the aggregate.</p> + + <p>A Paris dispatch of the same date said that “Prince Bismarck has + succeeded in establishing a coalition between Austria, England, and + Italy against Russia. Germany will join the coalition if France + supports Russia.”</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page6" title="6"> </a>The New York <cite>Sun</cite> of February 7, said: “We suppose there is no + subject which just now is more earnestly discussed among intelligent + Americans than the probable result of the war between France and + Germany which is believed to be approaching. France ought by + this time to have outstripped her enemy in point of military efficiency. + She has laid out since 1871 nearly twice as much on her + permanent armament, and she devotes nearly twice as much to the + current military expenses of each year. She has maintained a larger + peace establishment, and she should have it in her power to bring to + the field a larger number of soldiers who have served under the colors.”</p> + + <p>February 10 the Paris correspondent of the Berlin <cite>Post</cite> said that + General Boulanger was growing in popularity, and “is regarded by + the masses as the long-expected liberator. The whole country is + anxious for <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">revanche</em> [revenge], and is arming silently, but with the + evident belief that the hour is coming.” To add to the growing hostility, + the <cite>Post</cite> quotes from the Paris <cite>Figaro</cite> an article imputing the + grossest immorality to German women.</p> + + <p>At the same date, the Buda Pesth <cite>Journal</cite> urged Austria to attack + Russia before the latter has completed her preparations on the lower + Danube. It said: “<em>War is inevitable</em>, and it is better to begin fighting + before the Balkan states have been Russianized.”</p> + + <p>Senor Castillo, the Spanish minister of the interior, said that Spain + had taken steps to augment her defences and protect her colonies, + in view of the possible European war.</p> + + <p>February 12 a despatch to the London <cite>News</cite> from St. Petersburg said: + “Ominous fears of a European war prevail here. It is announced + that German colonists in the Caucasus have been notified to hold + themselves in readiness to return to Germany and join the reserves.”</p> + + <p>At the same date the <cite>North German Gazette</cite> said that since + General Boulanger had assumed charge of the French war office not + a day had passed without measures being taken to augment the + offensive strength of the army, and there were constant movements + of troops upon the frontiers.</p> + + <p>February 19 the news was still more alarming at Berlin. Work + was going on night and day on the fortifications at Verdun and + Belfort. “All commerce has been suspended at Metz, excepting in + food. The inhabitants are storing their houses from cellar to garret.” + A Russian paper of that date said, “Existing circumstances admit of + no delay.”</p> + + <p>At Vienna, February 18, it was announced that “a semi-official + letter from St. Petersburg represents that Russia is waiting for a + Franco-German conflict, <em>which she considers inevitable</em>, to realize her + own Balkan projects. Russia would consider it to be to her own + interest not to allow Germany to be victorious.”</p> + + <p>February 19 Senator Beck at Washington referred to an extract + from a late speech of Count von Moltke before the German Reichstag, + to show that <em>war is inevitable</em>.</p> + + <p>February 27 the London despatch to the <cite>Boston Herald</cite> said: + “Within the last forty-eight hours confidence in the maintenance of + peace has visibly lessened.”</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page7" title="7"> </a>About the same time in Russian government circles the conviction + was said to be gaining ground that a Franco-German war was inevitable, + and that it would be for the interest of Russia to save France + from disaster.</p> + + <p>March 6 the <cite>North German Gazette</cite> said that the Alsace elections + had strengthened the war party in France. War seems to have + been the general anticipation of military men. General Wolseley + (February 26) is reported to have said: “I feel sure that a vast, + appalling war is certainly in the near future; but this, indeed, + everybody may be said to know.”</p> + + <p>But “everybody” is as liable to be mistaken on questions of + futurity as on questions of philosophy and religion, on which the + multitude called “everybody” has been largely mistaken ever since + the earliest periods known to history. “Everybody” is generally + pessimistic, apt to be superstitious, and never philosophic. A single + good psychometric perception is worth much more than Mr. Everybody’s + opinion, whether upon national policy, personal character, historical + truth, or medical science.</p> + + <p>The psychometric opinion is the opposite of that of General + Wolseley and Senator Beck, for the psychometric soul is in the + calm sphere of truth, in which the passions have no deceiving power. + I have already published in the “Manual of Psychometry” the prediction + of universal peace at the end of five years from the prophecy, + and I now repeat the statement that great Franco-German war + is but the fantasy of passion and fear. The last psychometric + expression, March 11, confirms the uniform statements heretofore. + Upon the question “What of the war in Europe?” this was the + impression:</p> + + <p>“This seems a question of occurrences. I seem to disagree with + other people on this question. It does not seem to me that it will + occur. If there are any prognostications, they are <em>intensified</em>. The + result will not be what is predicted. There is something like a foreshadowing + that might cause a prediction, but it will pass over. + There is a good deal of agitation and concern, but nothing will occur + this year as apprehended. I feel that it will all subside, and a picture + of brightness and a clear sky appears. The fire will burn out; + the boiling caldron which sends up steam will be quiet; <em>a peaceful + time is coming</em>.”</p> + + <p>When the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> shall have a little more space, for <em>it must be + enlarged</em>, and psychometry is a little better understood, I propose to + establish a prophetic department, and speak to my readers of coming + events.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="art2" class="article"> + <p class="supertitle">(From the <cite>Pall Mall Gazette</cite>, London, Jan. 12.)</p> + + <h2 class="title">A Modern Miracle Worker.</h2> + + <p class="subtitle">AN INTERVIEW WITH MR. GEORGE MILNER STEPHEN.</p> + + <p><span class="first_word">Every</span> one knows Sir James Fitzjames Stephen; most people + have heard of Mr. Leslie Stephen—the two most distinguished + members of the Stephen family resident in this country. The + <a class="pagenum" id="page8" title="8"> </a>Stephen clan, however, is widespread, and there are eminent Stephens + scattered all over the world. “Any Stephen,” said Mr. Froude in + his “Oceanea,” “could not fail to be interesting.” Sir Alfred Stephen, + the deputy governor of New South Wales, is declared by Mr. + Froude to be regarded as the greatest Australian, by nine out of + every ten of the people of Sydney. But the judicial renown of Fitzjames, + the literary fame of Leslie, and the colonial reputation of Sir + Alfred, all pale their ineffectual fires before the marvellous claims of + George Milner Stephen, across whom Mr. Froude stumbled in New + Zealand, and who has now turned up unexpectedly in London. He + is, as Mr. Froude said, a very noticeable person. In fact, he is a + thaumaturgist of the first order. While his relatives in the old + country have devoted all the energy of their intellect to demonstrate + the absurdity of all the superstitions built upon any arbitrary interference + with the invariable laws of nature, their kinsman George + Milner suddenly displays at the antipodes a gift of healing which, + if the veracious records of colonial and American newspapers can be + relied upon, rivals the most famous exploits of apostolic times. + Not, indeed, that George Milner has yet raised the dead to life. + That is beyond his powers. But all the minor marvels, such as + making the blind to see, the deaf to hear, the dumb to speak, and + the lame to walk, are accomplished by him in the ordinary course of + his daily practice. Although this miracle-working Stephen is a + physician whose patients are healed by the touch, he is nevertheless + a physician practising the healing art like other eminent authorities—for + the prescribed fee of the ordinary medical practitioners. The + only difference is that whereas the ordinary physician attends his + patient daily for weeks and sometimes months, Mr. Stephen’s course, + if a course at all, ends at the latest in three visits, and the charges, + therefore, are correspondingly low. Two guineas for consultation + fee, one guinea each subsequent visit, or four guineas at the outside, + are to be regarded as his retaining fee; but in those cases—and + they are said to constitute a large proportion of those submitted to + him—in which he effects a complete cure he naturally expects to be + remembered by the grateful patient whom he has restored to health. + This, however, by the way. In response to an invitation to the <cite>Pall + Mall Gazette</cite> office, Mr. George Milner Stephen described to a member + of our staff with much detail the nature of his work. It is a + sufficiently marvelous story to arouse attention, even on the part of + the incredulous; and the unbelieving authorities owe it to the + public to institute a series of investigations into their relative’s + claims, in order that he may either be claimed as the master healer of + his age, or summarily prosecuted as a rogue and vagabond, who is + obtaining money under false pretences. It is monstrous that a gentleman + of his rank and position should be allowed to go at large, + making such enormous claims of quasi-supernatural powers, without + having them promptly brought to the most rigorous of scientific + tests.</p> + + <p>Mr. George Milner Stephen is a man of wide and varied culture, + of great experience in affairs, and has spent his life in public service + <a class="pagenum" id="page9" title="9"> </a>of the most varied kind. Brought up to the bar, he has been a + trained lawyer all his life. He has been acting-governor of South + Australia; he refused the colonial secretaryship of New Zealand; + he has been official draftsman for the colony of Victoria; he has held + the balance of power in more than one colony; and in the colony of + New South Wales, at the time when he suddenly discovered his + miraculous powers, he was leading counsel on circuit, and in receipt + of one of the largest professional incomes of any lawyer at the + antipodes. Nor was his training solely colonial. He had repeatedly + visited England, and had been called to our bar. He takes a + keen interest in mineralogical science, and in the course of his career + has exhibited on more than one occasion great personal bravery and + indomitable nerve. That such a man, so highly connected, so carefully + trained, with the intellect of a lawyer and the experience of a + statesman, should be in our midst claiming to be endowed with the + gift of healing spoken of in the New Testament as vouchsafed to the + Christians of apostolic times, is a portent indeed, and one well + worthy of the attentive consideration of the most sceptical among us.</p> + + <p>“It was six and a half years ago,” said Mr. Stephen in reply to a + question, “that I first discovered that I possessed this gift of healing—it + was by pure accident. A friend who suffered from deafness + jokingly appealed to me to give him back his hearing. I, also in + joke, made some passes over his head, when to my utter astonishment + I discovered that his deafness disappeared. One experiment + of this kind led to another, and in a short time I found myself overwhelmed + with patients of high and low degree, begging me to heal + them of their diseases. For three months after the discovery of my + gift the sudden influx of patients who would not be denied left me + no time to attend to my practice; and, willy nilly, I was compelled + to give up the law and take to medicine—if you may call by the + name of medicine a profession in which no medicine is given.”</p> + + <p>“Then do you use no medicine at all?”</p> + + <p>“None whatever. The nearest approach to medicine that I ever + gave to a patient is a little magnetized ointment—that is, camphorated + lard, and a little magnetized oil. But it is only occasionally + that I use these. Neither do I use passes, although it was by the + use of passes that I first discovered that I possessed this gift.”</p> + + <p>“But how do you proceed?”</p> + + <p>“Variously. Sometimes I lay my hand upon the part affected; + at other times I breathe into the eye, ear, or mouth of the patient. + Then, again, on other occasions I am able to banish the disease by a + mere word or gesture.”</p> + + <p>“Are you a mesmerist or a magnetic healer?”</p> + + <p>“Mesmerist I am not; for mesmerism implies the throwing of + the patient into a mesmeric sleep. Neither am I a magnetist, properly + so called, for there is no outgoing of magnetism from my body + when I am healing. The ordinary magnetist admits that he cannot + cure more than four persons per diem; I have cured as many as + thirty, and beyond the weariness caused by standing, I have been no + worse at the end than at beginning.”</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page10" title="10"> </a>“How do you explain these miracles?”</p> + + <p>“I don’t call them miracles. They are marvels, and I cannot explain + them. All that I know is that I have gone through the Australian + colonies, New Zealand, and many of the States in America, + and that wherever I have gone the same effect followed. At my + touch, diseases and defects declared incurable by the first physicians + of the faculty, disappear. I remember well healing Sir James Martin, + the chief justice of New South Wales. Six years ago he was + given up by the doctors and declared to be dying, breathing with + great difficulty, and hardly able to speak without pain. I laid my + hand upon his chest, and in a few minutes all difficulty of breathing + disappeared, he was able to speak freely, and in a short time he had + completely recovered. He resumed his seat upon the bench, and + remained a hale, active man till his death, which occurred just the + other day. That is only one case out of many.”</p> + + <p>“How many?”</p> + + <p>“I think I have been the means of healing about 30,000 patients + in the six and a half years during which I have devoted my time to + the work. Of course many of those patients were suffering from + diseases which might have been cured by ordinary means. Others + were declared to be incurable.”</p> + + <p>“Declared to be incurable by whom?”</p> + + <p>“By the chief physicians in the colonies. I have in my pocket”—producing + the papers as he spoke—“certificates signed by the + witnesses, attested sometimes by magistrates, and at other times by + ministers of religion and colonial ministers, that the person named + in the certificate has received instantaneous relief by my touch. + Here is one in which a person stone-blind from birth received sight + when I blew into his eyes.”</p> + + <p>“Then do you cure all diseases?”</p> + + <p>“Certainly not. There are many things which I cannot do. I + cannot raise the dead, nor can I restore an arm which has been cut + off, a joint which has been excised, or an eye which has been destroyed. + When there has been complete destruction of any important organ I + cannot effect a cure; but when destruction of the organ has not + been complete, I am frequently able to effect a cure in cases which + the regular faculty have given up as utterly hopeless.”</p> + + <p>“Take cancer, for instance: can you cure that?”</p> + + <p>“I have treated some cases with remarkable success; but of + course I can do so only when the cancer has not eaten too far into + the vital organism of the sufferer. I have treated some thirty cancer + cases, the cure in all being complete. The treatment was that + of laying my hands over the part affected, anointing with a little + magnetized ointment, and sometimes the injection of magnetized oil. + Beyond that I do nothing. I have here records of ten cures of cancer + in all parts of the body. If you will glance over the accounts, + described by the newspapers at the time when they occurred, or + copies of the certificates which I leave with you, you will see that + there is almost no limit to the variety of the cures which I have + been able to effect.”</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page11" title="11"> </a>“That is all very well, Mr. Stephen, but you will not make converts + by newspaper extracts. The point is this: Will you consent + to submit your gift to a practical test?”</p> + + <p>“Certainly,” said he; “I have already written to Sir Baldwin + Leighton, asking him if he can place me in communication with the + governors of deaf, dumb, and blind asylums, in order that I may be + able to try my powers upon the patients of those institutions. I am + quite satisfied that if I am allowed a fair opportunity of trying the + effect of my healing touch, ten out of every hundred of the inmates + of these asylums will receive their sight, or regain their speech and + hearing. I ask for no payment: I simply request that in these institutions + which are maintained by the public charity for the relief of + helpless sufferers, and where, therefore, there can be no collusion or + any suspicion of trickery or fraud, I should be allowed to lay my + hands upon the eyes or the ears of the inmates. I can do them no + harm; and I am perfectly sure that in at least ten per cent of the + cases I shall be able to give great if not entire relief.”</p> + + <p>“This is all very well; but before you can expect the governors + of public institutions to allow you to touch their inmates there must + be a preliminary illustration of your power. Otherwise they would + say justly that they would be over-run with quacks, all of whom + might wish to try a patent nostrum upon the unfortunate ‘inmates + of public institutions.’”</p> + + <p>“Very well,” said Mr. Stephen, “I am willing to submit my gift + to the most stringent test which your scientific sceptics can suggest. + I am willing to give an exhibition of my power under any test, in + the presence of any picked number of sceptics whom you may nominate, + and you may bring there half a dozen cases of disease certified + by the faculty as incurable. Of course you will not bring sufferers + whose complaints are manifestly beyond my power to cure. As I + said before, I make no claim to restore organs that are destroyed, + but there is a sufficiently wide category in the complaints ‘that flesh + is heir to’ to afford you an ample choice of half a dozen typical incurable + cases. When the deaf, dumb, lame, and otherwise suffering + persons whom you wish experimented on have been brought and are + in the presence of those whom you shall name, I will undertake to + effect an immediate improvement in the condition of, say, four + out of the six. It will probably become a complete cure on the + second or third visit. I seldom or never see a patient more than + thrice.”</p> + + <p>“Well, that seems fair. You have no objection to my publishing + this offer in the <cite>Pall Mall Gazette</cite>?”</p> + + <p>“None. I make no profession to any skill. I can only exercise + a power which I discovered quite accidentally was vested in + me. The limits of that I can ascertain only by experience. I + am perfectly willing to have that power subjected to the severest + tests which you can suggest, and I have no doubt at all, from the + invariable experience of the last six years, that cures will be + effected for which no existing scientific hypothesis can adequately + account.”</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page12" title="12"> </a>The <cite>Gazette</cite> says in another column:—“We commend the challenge + of Mr. George Milner Stephen, which we publish in another + column, to the special attention of all interested in the exposure of + popular delusion. Here is an educated English barrister of unimpeachable + character, who has rendered no little service to the state, + informing all the faculty that he can heal patients whom they have + dismissed as incurable, by merely breathing on them or touching + them. In an ordinary, unknown, vulgar charlatan this challenge + might have passed unnoticed. In the case of the Australian cousin + of Mr. Justice Fitzjames Stephen it must be treated more seriously. + We invite communications from our scientific readers as to the best + way of putting our visitor to the test.”</p> + + <p>Scores of American healers do similar works to those of Dr. G. M. + Stephen, but the fashionable press ignores them because they have + not wealth and social position. The <cite class="name">Journal of Man</cite> will endeavor + to do them justice. In all such cases, in which the healing + power is inexhaustible, we know that it is replenished from spiritual + sources. Dr. Stephen exercises a little policy in not mentioning the + spiritual source of his power. Godless science and dead sectarianism + recoil from spirit life. No human constitution contains an inexhaustible + fountain of life—the fountain is above, and fortunate are + they who can reach it.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="art3" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Human Longevity.</h2> + + <p><span class="first_word">The</span> possibility of long life, illustrated in the first number of this + <cite class="name">Journal</cite>, may easily be corroborated by referring to numerous + examples; but the fact that the nobler qualities of human nature are + the most efficient promoters of longevity is our most important + lesson, and it is illustrated by the superior longevity of women. He + is a misanthrope who does not recognize their superior virtue, and + he is a poor statesman who does not wish to see that virtue imparted + to our political life, and who does not recognize the importance of + giving to woman the most perfect intellectual and industrial + education, that she may be self supporting. The British census + show that there are 948,000 more women than men in Great Britain. + The <cite>St. James Gazette</cite> says:—</p> + + <p>“Prof. Humphry of Cambridge has prepared a series of tables + which contain some interesting information about centenarians. Of + 52 persons whom he mentions, at least 11—2 males and 9 females—actually + attained the age of 100. Others attained very nearly to + the hundred years. Only one of the persons reached 108 years, + while one died at the alleged age of 106. Of the 52 persons, 36 + were women and 16 men. Out of the 36 women 26 had been + married, and 11 had borne large families. Of the 26 who had + been wives, 8 had married before they were 20, 1 at 16, and 2 + at 17.</p> + + <p>“Twelve of the fifty-two centenarians were discovered to have + been the eldest children of their parents. This fact, adds Dr. + <a class="pagenum" id="page13" title="13"> </a>Humphry, does not agree with popular notions that first children + inherit a feebleness of constitution, nor with the opinion of racing + stables, which is decidedly against the idea that ‘firstlings’ are to + be depended on for good performances on the course. The centenarians + generally regarded were of spare build. Gout and rheumatism + were as a rule, absent. ‘It seems,’ says Prof. Humphry, ‘that + the frame which is destined to great age needs no such prophylactics, + and engenders none of the peccant humors for which the finger + joints (as in gout) may find a vent.’</p> + + <p>“Of the fifty-two aged people, twenty-four only had no teeth, the + average number of teeth remaining being four or five. Long hours + of sleep were notable among these old people, the period of repose + averaging nine hours; while out-of-door exercise in plenty and + early rising are to be noted among the factors of a prolonged life. + One of the centenarians ‘drank to excess on festive occasions:’ + another was a ‘free beer drinker,’ and ‘drank like a fish during + his whole life.’ Twelve had been total abstainers for life or nearly + so, and mostly all were ‘small meat eaters.’”</p> + + <p>The oldest woman in Austria at this time is Magdalene Ponza, + who is 112. “She was born at Wittingau, Bohemia, in 1775, when + Maria Theresa sat on the Austrian throne. George III. had then + been but 15 years King of England, Louis XVI. who had ruled a + little more than a twelvemonth in France, was still in the heyday of + power, the Independence of the United States of America had not + yet been declared, Napoleon and Arthur Wellesley were as yet but + six years old. Magdalene Ponza retains full possession of her mental + faculties. Unfortunately she can only speak the Czech language, and + she can neither read nor write. However, she answers questions briskly + enough through the youngest of her surviving grandchildren, herself + a woman of 60. Magdalene Ponza’s age is authenticated by the + outdoor relief certificate of the Viennese Municipality.”</p> + + <p>Of American centenarians we have a number, some of whom are + still living. Harrisonville, New Jersey, has two, Michael Potter and + Bartholomew Coles. Polly Wilcox of Hope Valley, R. I., celebrated + her centennial last year; so did Jane Wilcox of Edgecomb, Maine, + while she had a sister 94, and a daughter 81. Old Auntie Scroggins, + of Forsyth Co., Georgia, is now 104 years old, and is still one of the + most effective shouters of the Methodist Church to which she has + belonged 94 years.</p> + + <p>Miss Phebe Harrod, of Newburyport, Mass., celebrated her + centennial last year. She still takes a lively interest in passing events.</p> + + <p>Grandmother Sarah Drew, at Halifax, celebrated her centennial a + year ago. Her constant companion is an old Bible which has been + in the Drew family for 250 years.</p> + + <p>Mrs. Triphene Bevans, of Danbury, Mass., held a lively centennial + reception in the parlors of the West Street Church, April 14, 1886. + Her health, hearing and speech were good, and her step brisk. She + attributes her age and good health to good habits and allowing + nothing to trouble or worry her. She has always been a strict + church member.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page14" title="14"> </a>William Waterman, of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, is said to be 109 + years old. It is said he “is a Methodist, uses liquor and tobacco, + and finds no fault with the world.”</p> + + <p>Joseph O’Neal of Barnesville, Georgia, might have been living + still if he had not been frozen to death last winter, at the age of 107, + in a sudden blizzard. He was a negro, and had over 200 descendants.</p> + + <p>Mrs. Elizabeth Thomas, of Reading, Penn., who had lived a century, + might be still living if she had not been killed last year, while + walking on the railroad track.</p> + + <p>Of those who overrun the century, we might mention further, + Simon Harras, who died in Putnam Co., Indiana, last January, + aged 109. His memory was good to the last.</p> + + <p>Mrs. Elizabeth Small, relict of Dr. Samuel Small, at + Lewiston, Maine, had passed her hundredth birthday a few + weeks, when she died of apoplexy; and Mrs. Susan Phillips, + of Wilson Creek, N. C., died last year just as she finished her + century.</p> + + <p>Nathan, formerly slave of Benj. W. Bodie, died last year in + Mississippi, Talbot Co., aged 107.</p> + + <p>Christopher Mann, of Independence, Missouri, died last year, aged + 111.</p> + + <p>The oldest of all, and probably the oldest minister in the + world, is Rev. Thos. Tenant, of Vineyard Township, Arkansas, + an itinerant Methodist preacher, born in 1771, now in his 116th + year.</p> + + <p>Mr. Edward Gentry told a more remarkable story at Indianapolis, + last July. He was at the governor’s office, and gentlemen were + guessing at his age. None supposed him over fifty; but he said he + had a son fifty-two years old, and was himself seventy-eight. He + added: “My doctor has given me a fifty years’ longer lease on my life, + barring accidents. My father is 128 and is still living. My mother + died at the age of 117, and her mother lived to the same age.” Mr. + Gentry is of English birth.</p> + + <p>Perhaps the best specimen of family health is that of the Atkinson + family of Gloucester, Mass. Nine children were born, and all lived. + The first death in the family was a few weeks ago, when John + Atkinson died, aged eighty-four. When he died the ages of the nine + amounted to 703 years.</p> + + <p>Aunt Dinah John, the oldest Indian at the Onondaga reservation + died in May, 1884, aged 109.</p> + + <p>About ten years ago, when Governor Seymour was about to make + an address at an Indian fair on the Onondaga reservation, Aunt + Dinah walked upon the platform and asked to be introduced to him.</p> + + <p>Mr. Gardner said, “Governor Seymour, this is Aunt Dinah, who + wants to become acquainted with you.”</p> + + <p>“Oh, no; him get acquainted with me,” Aunt Dinah explained. + “Me know him before he know anybody. Many years ago me go + to Pompey Hill, his father’s grocery. Governor’s father say: ‘My + squaw very sick.’ I ask, ‘What matter?’ His father say, ‘Go in + <a class="pagenum" id="page15" title="15"> </a>and see for yourself.’ He go into a room; see a little pappoose + about a foot long.” Then moving toward Governor Seymour, and + pointing her finger at him, she said: “That pappoose was you, + Governor Seymour, born that night.”</p> + + <p>Aunt Dinah called frequently at Mr. Seymour’s and took especial + delight in rocking the cradle and showering caresses in her native + fashion upon the future Governor of the State.</p> + + <p>About three years ago she became blind, and has since been kept + at her home on the Onondaga reservation. She retained her faculties + to the last. Her husband died thirty years ago. Her dying + request was that the pagan ceremony be first observed and afterward + the Christian ritual.</p> + + <p>What are we to reckon, says the <cite>Home Journal</cite>, as the declining + period of man’s existence? The point at which old age taps us on + the shoulder, and says it comes to keep us company, varies with + every individual. It depends a great deal on circumstances, which + are hardly the same in any two cases. Some writers have said that + a man is old at forty-five, others have set down seventy as the + normal standard. Dr. John Gardner, who has written on “Longevity,” + remarks: “Long observation has convinced me that sixty-three + is an age at which the majority of persons may be termed old, + and as a general rule we may adopt this as the epoch of the commencing + decline of life.”</p> + + <p>Suppose then we agree to call no man old till he is past sixty-three. + Let us set down the names of some of the illustrious people + of the world who have prolonged their days of usefulness after that + age. We shall make a table of them, and begin it with those who + have died at seventy,—that is to say, with those in whom the + springs of life have not stood still till they have had at least seven + years of old age. It will be found, however, to be far from exhaustive, + and every reader may find pleasure in adding to it from + his own stock of information:</p> + + <div id="agelist"> + <p>Age at Death.</p> + + <ul> + <li>70—Columbus; Lord Chatham; Petrarch; Copernicus; Spallanzani; Boerhaave; Gall.</li> + <li>71—Linnæus.</li> + <li>72—Charlemagne; Samuel Richardson; Allan Ramsey; John Locke; Necker.</li> + <li>73—Charles Darwin; Thorwaldsen.</li> + <li>74—Handel; Frederick the Great; Dr. Jenner.</li> + <li>75—Haydn; Dugald Stewart.</li> + <li>76—Bossuet.</li> + <li>77—Thomas Telford; Sir Joseph Banks; Lord Beaconsfield.</li> + <li>78—Galileo; Corneille.</li> + <li>79—William Harvey; Robert Stevenson; Henry Cavendish.</li> + <li>80—Plato; Wordsworth; Ralph Waldo Emerson; Kant; Thiers; William Cullen.</li> + <li>81—Buffon; Edward Young; Sir Edward Coke; Lord Palmerston.</li> + <li>82—Arnauld.</li> + <li>83—Wellington; Goethe; Victor Hugo.</li> + <li>84—Voltaire; Talleyrand; Sir William Herschel.</li> + <li>85—Cato the Wise; Newton; Benj. Franklin; Jeremy Bentham.</li> + <li>86—Earl Russell; Edmund Halley; Carlyle.</li> + <li>88—John Wesley.</li> + <li>89—Michael Angelo.</li> + <li>90—Sophocles.</li> + <li>99—Titian.</li> + <li>100—Fontenelle.</li> + </ul> + </div> + + <p>It may be said that they were exceptional in living so long, but if + what the best authorities say be true, the exceptions ought to be the + <a class="pagenum" id="page16" title="16"> </a>people who died young, and not those who prolong their lives and + carry on their work till they are old. Few of us may find ourselves, + like Lord Palmerston, in our greatest vigor at seventy, or be able, + like Thiers, to rule France at eighty, or have any spirit for playing + the author, like Goethe and Victor Hugo, when over eighty; or for + playing the musician, like Handel and Haydn, when over seventy; + but by good management we may do wonders.</p> + + <p>The wisest men and the best have been conspicuous for working + to the end, not taking the least advantage of the leisure to which + one might think they were entitled. They have found their joy in + pursuing labors which they believed useful either to themselves or + to others. John Locke began a “Fourth Letter on Toleration” + only a few weeks before he died, and “the few pages in the posthumous + volume, ending in an unfinished sentence, seem to have exhausted + his remaining strength.” The fire of Galileo’s genius burned + to the very end. He was engaged in dictating to two of his disciples + his latest theories on a favorite subject, when the slow fever seized + him that brought him to the grave. Sir Edward Coke spent the + last six years of his life in revising and improving the works upon + which his fame now rests. John Wesley only the year before he died + wrote: “I am now an old man, decayed from head to foot…. + However, blessed be God! I do not slack my labors; I can preach + and write still.” Arnauld, one of the greatest of French theologians + and philosophers, retained, says Disraeli, “the vigor of his genius + and the command of his pen to his last day, and at the age of eighty-two + was still the great Arnauld.” It was he who, when urged in + his old age to rest from his labors, exclaimed, “Rest! Shall we + not have the whole of eternity to rest in?”</p> + + <p>A healthy old age cannot be reached without the exercise of many + virtues. There must have been prudence, self-denial, and temperance + at the very least. According to the proverb, he that would be + long an old man must begin early to be one, and the beginning early + just means taking a great many precautions commonly neglected till + it is too late. More people would be found completing their pilgrimage + at a late date if it were not that, as a French writer puts it, + “Men do not usually die; they kill themselves.” It is carelessness + about the most ordinary rules of healthy living.</p> + + <p>The enjoyment of old age may be looked on then as a reward, and + the aged may pride themselves on being heirs to a rich inheritance, + assigned to forethought and common sense. Many years are an + honor. They are an honor even in the case of the worldly, and a + great deal more so when life has been regulated by motives higher + than any the world can show. “The hoary head,” says Solomon, + “is a crown of glory;” but he adds this qualification, “if it be found + in the way of righteousness.” Old people form a natural aristocracy, + and to be ranked among them may be recommended to all who have + an ambition to close their lives well up in the world.</p> + + <p>For a picture of an old man in this enviable state of mind take + Cornaro. In his eighty-third year we find him congratulating himself + that in all probability he “had still a series of years to live in + <a class="pagenum" id="page17" title="17"> </a>health and spirits and to enjoy this beautiful world, which is indeed + beautiful to those who know how to make it so.” Even at ninety-five + he wrote of himself as “sound and hearty, contented and cheerful.” + “At this age,” he says, “I enjoy at once two lives: one terrestrial, + which I possess in fact; the other celestial, which I possess + in thought; and this thought is equal to actual enjoyment, when + founded on things we are sure to attain, as I am sure to attain that + celestial life, through the infinite mercy and goodness of God.”</p> + + <p>Jeremy Bentham, who lived to be eighty-five, retained to the last + the fresh and cheerful temperament of a boy. John Wesley, who died + when he was eighty-eight, also had a happy disposition. “I feel and + grieve,” he says, “but by the grace of God I fret at nothing.” + Goethe, who reached his eighty-third year, is another good example. + Then there is Boerhaave, one of the most celebrated physicians of + modern times, who held that decent mirth is the salt of life. Indeed + in the case of most old people, we believe it will be found that cheerfulness + is one of their leading characteristics.</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p>The recent death of Mr. Beecher, who with his splendid constitution + ought to have lived twenty years longer, illustrates the principles + of hygiene which he blindly disregarded. For years he was + threatened with the form of death that seized him, and came near a + fatal attack some years ago in Chicago while delivering a lecture. + Men of a strong animal nature, hearty eaters, and restless workers, + making great use of the brain, are liable to such attacks. If Mr. + Beecher had observed ordinary prudence, and had a little scientific magnetic + treatment, he would never have had an apoplectic attack; + but he was commonplace in thought. He went the old way, and died + as short-sighted men die. He had read my “Anthropology,” and told + me he kept it in his library, but its thought did not enter into his life.</p> + + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="art4" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Justice to the Indians.</h2> + + <p class="author">BY JOHN BEESON.</p> + + <p><span class="first_word">President Grant</span> placed them under control of the churches, + making them responsible for all their Indian agents, whom the + churches were to nominate. But as fraud and war have been more + or less as rampant as ever, it seems that the first thing should be, to + relieve the Indians from church rule, and recognize at once the + Indian’s inalienable right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” + the same as we claim for ourselves; so long as they do not + disturb the peace or violate the rights of their white neighbors, we + have no right to interfere with either their religion or laws upon + their reserves. It is this meddlesome injustice which makes all + the trouble; it would make trouble with any other community, if + another religious sect should be allowed to dominate over them in + <a class="pagenum" id="page18" title="18"> </a>all their affairs. It is not Indian, but human, nature, to do so, the + world over. Dr. Bland, editor of <cite>The Council Fire</cite>, says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“I have been long and intimately acquainted with many tribes. I find that they + are not savages, but the peers of white men, with great self-respect, a high sense of + honor, and love of truth.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Even the civilized tribes still retain their mutual confidence. + Hence, they use no locks, no bolts nor bars, when absent from their + homes; a stake in the ground, about three feet from the door, is a + sufficient guarantee from intrusion. It would be deemed a reflection + upon neighborly honor to lock a door in the Indian Territory. I + was there when they built their first prison; they now number sixty + thousand, most of whom have lived there forty years, and then, + they said,</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“The new railroad brought so many white renegades among us that we had to + build a prison for them.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>I asked, “What do you do when one Indian kills another?” They + answered: “We have a trial, and if the killing was without great + cause, we sentence the guilty one to be killed by the near of kin to + his victim; we appoint the time and the place, and we have never + known an Indian to fail to come voluntarily in time for his own + execution.”</p> + + <p>They believe that the Great Spirit will give all the hell or all + the heaven that each deserves; that there is no possibility of escape + from a just penalty and no danger of losing a deserved heaven, but + to them it is unjust to hope for anything on the merits of another. + H. W. Beecher said in his first lecture after his return from the + Pacific Coast:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“I made special inquiry of those who are posted on Indian affairs, as to their + moral status, and was always told that when fairly treated they are quite reliable.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Gen. Crookes said of the Apaches, that while they were protected + on their reserves from outside aggression they were as well behaved + and orderly as any community of people in the United States.</p> + + <p>It is true, they killed Generals Canby and Custer, but the first + had, contrary to preliminary agreement, moved his soldiers twenty-five + miles, and placed them in two companies on each side of the + place where the treaty was to be made. The first demand of the + Modoc chief was, to take back the soldiers, and it was not until a + long delay, and a firm refusal on the part of Canby, that the Modoc + chief fired the fatal shot.</p> + + <p>And as for Custer and his men, they fell while ignobly, and without + right or authority, invading the peaceful home of Sitting Bull + and his people.</p> + + <p>General Harney says:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“I have lived fifty years on the frontier, and I have never known an Indian war + in which they were not in the right.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Dr. McLaughlin said:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“I have been fifty-three years an Indian trader, and more than fifty years superintendent + of the Hudson Bay Fur Company, and in all that time, I have never seen + an occasion to shed the blood of an Indian. The American people suppose that + their revenge is proof of savagery. But that is a mistake. It is their sense of + justice, and whatever they do is but an echo of what has been done to them. + They believe as Moses taught, blood for blood, life for life.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page19" title="19"> </a>Gen. Fremont said:</p> + + <blockquote> + <p>“I lived two years among the Indians with only one white woman, and was + never more kindly treated. I lost nothing, although all I had was accessible to + them.”</p> + </blockquote> + + <p>Surely, testimony like this, in connection with their healing + magnetism so freely given to Spiritualism, should awaken sympathy + if not gratitude in their behalf.—<cite>New Thought</cite>.</p> + + <p><em>Talent, Oregon</em>, Jan. 19, 1887.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="art5" class="article"> + <h2 class="title">Miscellaneous Intelligence.</h2> + + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc1"> + <p><strong class="headline">Anatomy of the Brain.</strong>—Anatomy is considered the driest + and most difficult of biological studies, but a careful attention to our + description of the brain will show that it is very intelligible. After + we get through with the anatomy, the description of organs and + their functions is simple and practical. Every one should understand + the outlines of cerebral anatomy, and then he can discuss the subject + with imperfectly educated physicians, and show them their errors.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc2"> + <p><strong class="headline">Mesmeric Cures</strong> of countless variety and marvelous success + have occurred all through the present century. But when not + effected by distinguished physicians, they have generally been ignored + by the press, and their knowledge confined to a very narrow + circle. Now, however, since eminent physicians at Paris are engaged, + and the word <em>hypnotism</em> is substituted for mesmerism and magnetism, + their performances are proclaimed by journalists and even by the + medical press. The following is one of the latest reports. The + reader will observe that when the medical faculty after a prolonged + opposition yield to any new idea, they endeavor to ignore entirely + the pioneers by whom the discoveries were made, and by whom an + interest was created in the subject while the faculty were hostile. + It will probably not be long before they adopt the leading ideas of + homœopathy and endeavor to obliterate the memory of Hahnemann.</p> + + <p>“Hypnotism has been employed with considerable success in Paris + for some time past in the treatment of hysterical diseases, by Charcot + and others, but the case recently reported by M. Clovis Hugues, + in France, is the most extraordinary application so far on record. + A young lady of twenty was attacked six months ago with a nervous + ailment which completely derived her of her voice. Electricity was + tried, with a certain amount of success, but after a time it lost its + effect and was abandoned in despair. As a last resort, her friends + applied to Dr. Berillon, the hypnotic specialist. After consultation + with Dr. Charcot, he undertook the cure. The girl was thrown + into a mesmeric trance by the usual means, and Dr. Berillon suggested + that she should say on waking, ‘I am twenty.’ On opening + her eyes she uttered these words without the least effort. On the + second day the suggestion was that she should converse with Dr. + Berillon, and this she also did, but could talk with no one else. + On the third day the doctor commanded her to talk with any one + and at any time that she chose. She has been able to use her + tongue freely ever since.”</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc3"> + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page20" title="20"> </a><strong class="headline">Medical Despotism.</strong>—The infamous law juggled through the + Legislature of Iowa, which deprives every citizen of the right of + relieving her neighbor of disease without the authority of a diploma, + and renders Christian benevolence a crime, does not produce much + effect. The natural healers pay no respect to it. In every prosecution + under the law so far, the attempt to enforce the law has been + defeated. Juries are unwilling to aid an ignorant Legislature in + trampling on the Divine law and the principles of American constitutions.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc4"> + <p><strong class="headline">The Dangerous Classes.</strong>—The existence of considerable + classes, chiefly of foreigners, who are contemplating murder and + rapine, should interest every good citizen. At Cincinnati on the 6th + of March, it is said, “The institution of the Paris commune in 1848 + and 1871 was celebrated tonight by the Cincinnati anarchists. It + was the most revolutionary gathering ever seen in this city, and the + speech of Mrs. Lucy E. Parsons, wife of the condemned anarchist, + was of a very inflammatory character. The hall was crowded with + men and women who drank beer at tables. It was a motley and + dangerous looking throng. On the walls were mottoes with red + borders, and the entire hall was profusely decorated with large red + flags. There wasn’t an American flag in the hall, and above the + stage was a picture of the condemned anarchists. Several pictures + of notorious Anarchists who have been beheaded for murder and + riot were conspicuously displayed. The band played no national + airs except the ‘Marseillaise,’ and everything said and done showed + a bitter hatred of American institutions. Mrs. Parsons gave a history + of the Paris commune of 1871, and said the mistake made + was in showing any mercy to capitalists. Her remarks were loudly + applauded, although a majority of her audience couldn’t understand + one word of English. Dancing followed the speeches, and was kept + up all night.”</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc5"> + <p><strong class="headline">Arbitration.</strong>—In the Sinaloa colony, “Any disputes that arise + between colonists will be settled by arbitration. There will be one + lawyer to protect the interests of the corporation in dealings with + outside parties.” This is a great step in advance. When a true + civilization arrives, arbitration will supersede courts, and psychometry + will assist in making it perfect.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc6"> + <p><strong class="headline">Criticism on the Church.</strong>—If any readers of the <cite class="name">Journal</cite> + think its criticisms on the church have been too harsh, because their + own acquaintance is confined to worthy professors of the present + time, I would call their attention to the unquestionable statements + of Hallam, Guizot, and Draper, as follows:</p> + + <p>“With respect to the last, the grandest of all human undertakings + (i. e., the circumnavigation of the earth), it is to be remembered that + Catholicism had irrevocably committed itself to the dogma of a flat + earth, with the sky as a floor of heaven, and hell in the under + world.”—<cite>Draper’s Conflict</cite>, p. 294.</p> + + <p>“Persecution for religious heterodoxy, in all its degrees, was in + <a class="pagenum" id="page21" title="21"> </a>the sixteenth century the principle as well as the practice of every + church.”—<cite>Hallam’s Middle Ages</cite>, vol. 2, p. 48.</p> + + <p>“When any step was taken to establish a system of permanent + institutions, which might effectually protect liberty from the invasions + of power in general, <em>the church always ranged herself on the + side of despotism</em>.”—<cite>Guizot’s History of Civilization in Europe</cite>, + p. 154.</p> + + <p>“There was fighting and fighting between the old and new school, + and all on a question that would make a crab laugh,—questions + that were hypercritical and infinite, and about which everybody + knew nothing at all, and they thought they knew as well as God. + Questions were talked of with positiveness, and argued; and, when + I look back upon them, I cannot help thinking they were no better + than the contentions of children around the cradle. But all + this gave me great repulsion for dogmatic theology, and it is a + repulsion which I have not got over, and the present prospects are + that I never shall.”—<cite>Henry Ward Beecher</cite>.</p> + </div> + <div class="miscellany_item" id="misc7"> + <p><strong class="headline">Earthquakes and predictions.</strong>—Professor Rudolf Falb, of + Vienna, it is reported, predicted to an hour the earthquakes which + have occurred in France and Italy.</p> + + <p>“Writing in the Austrian papers some days ago, he pointed out that + the annular eclipse of the sun, which commenced on Tuesday morning + at 6.41 Greenwich time, was central at 9.13 <span class="small_all_caps">P. M</span>., and ended on + the earth generally at twenty-five minutes past midnight on Wednesday + morning, was likely to be accompanied with strong atmospheric + and seismic disturbances. The learned physicist has gained + great reputation by previous similar forecasts. His first and great + success was the foretelling the destructive shock at Belluno, on + June 29, 1873. Nearly the whole of Northern Italy was affected, + and upwards of fifty lives were lost. Very shortly afterwards he + gave warning of the probability of an eruption of Etna, which + followed at the time anticipated in 1874.”—<cite>London Echo</cite>.</p> + + <p>“John S. Newberry, professor of geology and paleontology at + Columbia College, being the American authority upon all matters + pertaining to the crust of the earth, was naturally interested in the + earthquake that visited Long Island on Wednesday. He derides + the idea that the local seismic disturbance has any connection with + the recent occurrences at Mentone, as the shocks were too far apart, + and, if connected, should have been felt within eight hours of each + other, whereas there was several days’ difference. His theory, which + is amply sustained by observation, is that an earthquake is a movement + caused by a shrinking, from loss of heat, of the interior of the + earth and the crushing together and displacement of the rigid exterior + as it accommodates itself to this contraction. It has been + noticed that the earth is shaken along the Alleghany chain nearly + every year. It is impossible to predict a recurrence of the shocks, + but it is quite probable they will recur. There is a record of 231 + earthquakes in the New England States between the years 1638 and + 1869.”—<cite>Brooklyn Eagle</cite>.</p> + </div> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="art6" class="article"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page22" title="22"> </a>Chapter II—Structure of the Brain.</h2> + + <p class="chapter_outline">Man a triple being—Materialists and illusionists misconceive him—Relation + of the soul to the brain and body—The nervous system; + illustration—Embryonic condition—Anatomical descriptions unsatisfactory + and the phrenological school incorrect—Exterior view + of the brain in the head, illustrated and described—The cerebrum, + cerebellum, and tentorium—Interior view of the base of the skull—Bones + of the head illustrated—Division of the brain into lobes + and convolutions, with illustration—Frontal, middle, parietal, + tempero-sphenoidal, and occipital—Anatomical plan or grouping of + convolutions differs from their actual appearance—View of the superior + surface illustrated—Difference between the irregular convolutions + and the angular maps—View of the inferior surface of the + brain—Illustration and description of the parts—Interior view of + section on the median line—Divided and undivided surfaces-<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Corpus + callosum</em> explained—The two brains and their diagonal + relations to the body—Penetrating and describing the lateral + ventricles—The serum in the brain—Variations of serum and + blood—Variations in hydrocephalus and insanity—Our power to + modify the brain and change our destiny—Power of education—Responsibility + of society—The lateral ventricles the centre of the + brain—Base of the ventricles, the great inferior ganglia of the + brain, <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">corpora striata</em>, and <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">thalami</em>—Their radiating fibres inclosing + a cavity—The <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">thalami</em> and their commissure and third ventricle—The + <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">medulla oblongata</em>, cerebellum, and <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">arbor vitæ</em>—The <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">pons + Varolii</em> and crura of the brain—the <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">corpora quadrigemina</em>, pineal + gland, fourth ventricle, and <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">calamus scriptorius</em>.</p> + + <p><span class="first_word">Man</span> is essentially a triple organization, consisting of the permanent + psychic being, intangible to our external senses, but nevertheless + so distinctly recognized internally by consciousness and externally + or in others, by intuition and understanding, that the psychic is + as well understood and known as the physical being. This being + is the eternal man—the material body being its temporary associate.</p> + + <p>The physical being, or material form, consists of the portion + directly and entirely occupied by the psychic existence—which is + called the brain or encephalon, and is in life also beyond the reach + of our senses in the interior of the cranium—and the non-psychic + structure, the body, which, though not the residence of the soul, has + so intimate and complete a connection with the entire brain that + during active life it feels as if it were the actual residence of the + soul, so far as sensation and action are concerned.</p> + + <p>The soul, or psychic being, has external and internal perceptions + (for which it has cerebral organs). When the former predominate + too greatly, the human body and all external objects are realized + most vividly, and the reality of psychic life is not so well realized + or understood. Hence persons so organized are disposed to + <a class="pagenum" id="page23" title="23"> </a>materialism, and either doubt the existence of their psychic being, or + are indifferent to it.</p> + + <p>On the other hand, those in whom the interior faculties predominate + too greatly vividly realize their psychic life, but have more + vague and feeble conceptions of material objects, including their + own bodies, and attach undue importance to the imaginary and subjective + in preference to the objective. The materialists and the + illusionists, however, are not entirely composed of these two classes + of subjective and objective thinkers. The majority consists of + persons of moderate reasoning capacity, who simply follow their + leaders.</p> + + <p>In making a critical distinction between the psycho-organic + brain and non-psychic body, the former may be confined + strictly within the cranium, leaving the exterior portions of the head + as a part of the non-psychic body; but as they are more intimately + associated with the brain than any part below the neck, this + distinction is not important; and if the whole head, as the environment + of the psychic brain, be grouped with it, it may not lead to + any material error. The brain is intimately associated with the + entire physical person by twelve pairs of cranial or cerebral nerves, + and by the spinal cord, which descends from the base of the brain + through a great foramen or opening midway between the ears, and + while passing down the spinal column gives off thirty pairs of + nerves.</p> + + <p>The cranial nerves are all for the head, except the <em>pneumogastric</em> + or lung-stomach nerve, which belongs to the organs of respiration, + voice, and digestion; and the spinal nerves are all for the body, + except a few which ramify in the neck and in the scalp.</p> + + <p>The entire nervous system is so instantaneously prompt in conveying + to the brain the impressions which originate feeling, and in conveying + from the brain the nervous energies that produce voluntary + motion and modify all the processes of life, that we feel as if we had + sensation and volition in every part of the body; or, in other words, + that our conscious existence was in the body; but we rationally + know that the sensation and volition occur in the brain, for neither + sensation nor voluntary motion can occur if the nervous connection + with the brain is interrupted by compression and section, or if the + brain itself be sufficiently compressed. When the brain is exposed + by an injury of the cranium, the pressure of a finger suspends all + consciousness and volition, making a blank in the life of the individual.</p> + + <p>Animal life resides in the nervous system alone, and its character + is proportioned to the development thereof, of which the brain is the + principal mass. A subordinate portion of the general life, however, + is in the nervous system of the body, and in proportion as the brain + declines in development the relative amount of psychic energy in + the body is greater. Thus the body of the alligator after decapitation + is capable of sensation and voluntary acts, such as pushing + away an offending body with its foot. The character of the life in + the body is explained by physiology and sarcognomy. Its universal + <a class="pagenum" id="page24" title="24"> </a>presence is due to the universal diffusion of the nervous system, + of which the accompanying figure, showing the location of the spinal + cord and spinal nerves, will give a proper conception. In this figure + the spinal cord, with its thirty pairs of nerves, eight cervical at the + neck, twelve dorsal in the back, five lumbar in the loins, and five or + six in the sacrum (between the hips), is seen descending from the + base of the brain below the cerebellum (which is rather too large in + engraving), and proceeding throughout the body until lost in fine + ramifications which the microscope can scarcely trace, but which + quickly inform us if they are touched or disturbed.</p> + + <div class="image"> + <a href="images/fig01.png"><img src="images/fig01-th.png" width="347" height="644" alt="Human nervous system from the back" /></a> + </div> + + <p>It cannot properly be said that the spinal cord proceeds from the + brain, nor on the other hand that the brain proceeds from the spinal + cord, for they originate simultaneously in a soft, jelly-like condition + <a class="pagenum" id="page25" title="25"> </a>in which the microscope cannot detect the latent structure, not as + they are in the adult, but as they are in the fœtus in which they + first appear, with a structure similar to that of the lowest class of + vertebrate animals, the fishes.</p> + + <p>From this embryonic condition, in which there is very little + resemblance to the adult brain, its progress has been carefully traced + by many observers, but chiefly by Tiedemann, through all the + stages of life before birth into the soft, infantile form of the human + brain. Some knowledge of this embryonic growth is necessary to a + correct understanding of the adult brain, its essential plan, its + growth, and the correct estimate of its development.</p> + + <p>I have not found in our anatomical works what I consider a + satisfactory exposition of this subject. Beginning as a student with + Spurzheim’s anatomy of the brain, which ought to have been the + clearest and most complete of all, I found it so obscure and unsatisfactory + that until I had made many dissections I had no very clear + understanding. I have never found any pleasure in the writings of + Spurzheim. In more recent authors the anatomical details are very + abundant indeed, and sufficient to tax the <em>memory</em> heavily, but without + that system and philosophy which appeal to the understanding + and make our conceptions satisfactory, as I hope to make them to + my readers, who must have very incorrect conceptions of the plan + of the brain, if they have relied upon the writings of Mr. Combe + and his successors of the phrenological school, none of whom, so far + as I am aware, have really understood cerebral anatomy.</p> + + <p>Let us approach the subject by taking an exterior and general + view, then by tracing the embryonic growth of the brain, and the + interior connections of its fibres, until we are fully prepared to judge + of its development as it lies in the skull, and to understand the + relation of each organ to all other portions. Then we can study its + functions with a clear understanding of the relations of the organs + to each other, which is the material basis of psychic science, and + with full confidence in our ability to judge and compare living heads + and skulls of man and animals.</p> + + <div class="illo_left"> + <a href="images/fig02.png"><img src="images/fig02-th.png" width="229" height="238" alt="A head with a cutaway shoing the brain -- right profile." /></a> + </div> + + <p>Let us take an exterior view by + removing one half of the skull from + the right side of the head. This + enables us to see that the front + portion of the brain rests above the + sockets of the eyes, coming down in + the centre as low as the root of the + nose, but a little higher exteriorly. + When we touch the forehead just + over the root of the nose, our finger + touches the lowest level of the front + lobe, the seat of the intellect; but + when we touch the external angle of + the brow on the same level, we + touch a process of bone, and our finger is fully half an inch below + the level of the brain.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page26" title="26"> </a>In the posterior view we see that + below the great mass of brain which + is called the cerebrum there lies a + smaller body, shaped much like a + small turnip, called the cerebellum + or little brain, separated from the + cerebrum by a firm, horizontal membrane + called the tentorium (covering + the cerebellum), on which the cerebrum + rests.</p> + + <div class="illo_right"> + <a href="images/fig03.png"><img src="images/fig03-th.png" width="191" height="240" alt="Head cutaway showing the brain: right rear." /></a> + </div> + + <p>The position of the tentorium can + easily be ascertained in your own + head by the fact that where it crosses + the median line there is a little projection + of bone called the occipital knob, very prominent on some + persons, barely perceptible on others. After locating the occipital + knob, a horizontal line forward will give us the portion of the tentorium. + When we carry this line forward just over the cavity of the + ear, thus locating the tentorium, we easily recognize below it the + rounded prominence on each side in which the two hemispheres or + halves of the cerebellum lie, with a depression between them on the + median line. To make these and other observations on the head + (which no one should neglect), the hand should be placed firmly on + the scalp, so that as it slides on the bone we feel the form of the + skull beneath. In most persons a distinct depression will be felt + along the line of the tentorium, separating the cerebrum and cerebellum—the + cerebellum being located at the summit of the neck, + and extending down about as low as the end of the mastoid process, + which is the large, long prominence just behind the cavity of the + ear.</p> + + <p>The cerebellum may be regarded as the physiological and the + cerebrum as the psychic brain, for the cerebellum is void of intelligence + and volition, but has important influences on the body. It + may be considered, like the spinal cord, an intermediate structure + between the controlling and conscious brain and the corporeal + organs.</p> + + <p>The tentorium does not entirely separate it from the cerebrum, + for anteriorly it is open to permit the passage of the fibres which + connect the cerebrum with the spinal cord and the cerebellum,—fibres + which pass up midway between the right and left ear, so that + a bullet fired horizontally through from ear to ear would sever + the connection of the cerebrum with the bodily organs, producing + instant death. This will be understood by looking at the profile of + the interior of the right hemisphere, on which we see the position of + the pons and the medulla and their relation to the cerebrum by their + ascending fibres. As these ascending fibres correspond to a position + just above the cavity of the ear, and as they are the channels of all + muscular impulses, the reader will perceive that breadth of head immediately + above the cavity of the ear must be associated with muscular + impulsiveness.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page27" title="27"> </a>The position of the cerebrum in the cranium may be best understood + by sawing the head in two horizontally, taking out the brain, + and looking down into the base of + the skull, in which we see anteriorly + a shelf for the front lobes, behind + which are the cavities for the middle + lobes, and behind that the rounded + cavities for the cerebellum.</p> + + <div class="illo_right"> + <a href="images/fig04.png"><img src="images/fig04-th.png" width="213" height="230" alt="Cutaway of the bottom half of the skull, looking down from the top (no brain)." /></a> + </div> + + <p>Thus the front lobe occupies the + highest plane, resting on the vault + of the sockets of the eyes, and + extending back as far as the sockets. + The middle lobe lies behind the + sockets of the eyes and above the + cavities of the ears, its base being as + low as the bottom of the sockets of + the eyes and corresponding nearly with the upper edge of the cheekbone, + as it extends from the sockets to the side of the head just in + front of the ears. In the posterior base of the skull, the reader will + observe an opening (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">foramen magnum</em> or large foramen) through + which the spinal cord ascends. The spinal cord is exposed in the + neck below the foramen.</p> + + <p>Going back, we find the middle lobe rises higher, ascending over + the cavity of the ear and resting upon the ridge of bone in which + the apparatus of hearing is situated, thus reaching the level of the + tentorium, on which the occipital lobe rests.</p> + + <p>The bones of the cranium seen by looking down into the basis of + the skull, as above, are the frontal bone over the eyes, the sphenoid + bone, behind the sockets of the eyes, extending from the right to the + left temple, the temporal bones, forming the ridge that holds the + apparatus of hearing, and extending up about two inches on the side + head, and the occipital bone at the back, between the two temporals, + meeting the sphenoid bone in the centre of the base. The cerebellum + rests in the deep double concavities of the occipital bone, and + the spinal cord ascends through the large opening (foramen magnum) + in the middle of its base, assuming the form called the + medulla oblongata.</p> + + <div class="illo_right"> + <a href="images/fig05.png"><img src="images/fig05-th.png" width="246" height="236" alt="Bony skull, with the lobes labeled. Left profile." /></a> + </div> + + <p>When we fully understand this + view of the base of the skull, let + us look at it in profile, and observe + the frontal bone connected by the + coronal suture to the parietal and + the parietal by the squamous or + scaly suture to the temporal, and + by the lambdoid suture to the + occipital. The sphenoid or bat-wing + bone appears in the temples by its + wing, between the frontal and temporal, + while in the centre of the + base its solid body is between the + frontal and occipital.</p> + + <p><a class="pagenum" id="page28" title="28"> </a>The sphenoid bone is in contact with organs of sensitive delicacy, + refinement, and inspiration, the occipital with organs of vital force, + the temporal with organs of appetite, excitement, and force, the + frontal with organs of intellect and refined benevolence, the parietal + with the organs of virtue, amiability, self control, and general + strength of character, which make a superior person.</p> + + <p>Modern anatomists do not divide the brain into front, middle, and + occipital lobes as would seem most natural, by erecting vertical lines + from their bases, but follow up the oblique courses of the convolutions + so as to extend the front lobe into the upper surface of the + brain, and extend the middle lobe from the middle of the upper + surface backward into the region of Self Confidence, giving the name + of temporo-sphenoidal to its lower portion behind the sockets of the + eyes and over the ears, which name is taken from the temporal bone, + that contains the apparatus of hearing, forming the middle of the + basis of the skull, and the sphenoid bone, which lies just back of + the sockets of the eyes, supporting the front end of the lower + portion of the middle lobe, called temporo-sphenoidal.</p> + + <div class="image"> + <a href="images/fig06.png"><img src="images/fig06-th.png" width="577" height="494" alt="Left view of the brain, with parts labeled." /></a> + </div> + + <p>The sphenoid bone thus sustains the region of Sensibility, while + the temporal bone lodges the organs of the most sensual, selfish, and + violent impulses, the action of which is downward into the muscular + <a class="pagenum" id="page29" title="29"> </a>and visceral organs of the body. The sphenoid bone as it extends + up touches the base of the front lobe and of the Ideal region, where + it assumes the name of Somnolence. (See the profile view of the + cranium.)</p> + + <p>The upper portion of the middle lobe has been given the name of + parietal, as it has a general correspondence with the parietal bones, + while the occipital lobe has a general correspondence in position + with the occipital bone, as will be seen by comparing the plan of the + brain seen in profile with the engraving of the cranium.</p> + + <p>The <em>plan</em> of the brain is given, instead of an engraving of the + actual convoluted surface, to simplify the study to the learner. An + examination of the brain itself or of a good model offers at first sight + such a vague and irregular mass of convolutions, differing so much + in different brains, that any systematic arrangement would seem + impossible. But by studying the subject more extensively and + considering the structure of the simpler brains of animals, in which + the complexity of the human brain is reduced to simpler forms, a + mode of grouping and classifying the convolutions has been adopted + by anatomists which is illustrated by the engraving, in which we + see, not the numerous convolutions of a well developed human brain, + but the groups in which they have been arranged by the aid of + comparative anatomy.</p> + + <p>The front lobe is grouped into the superior, middle, and inferior + convolutions, or groups of convolutions, and the ascending frontal; + but the inspection of a brain would show an irregularity of forms in + which a casual observer would be puzzled to trace this arrangement.</p> + + <p>The appearance of the brain, divested of its membranes, when we + look upon its superior surface, is shown in the annexed engraving, + in which it is presented as it lies in + the head when the cranium and membranes + are removed which form the + rim of the figure. The front lobe is + the upper portion, and the outline of + the nose is just visible. In the full + exposition of this subject hereafter + in a larger work, I propose to show + the exact seats of the various functions + in the convolutions, which are + much more irregular than the angular + figures we make on the surface of the + head to show the average positions of + organs. Of course no intelligent + person supposes the psychological maps and busts of the organs to + be representations of the brain, or anything more than approximations + to the true interior organology, which, however, do not lead + to any great error, as adjacent portions of convolutions have very + analogous functions.</p> + + <div class="illo_left"> + <a href="images/fig07.png"><img src="images/fig07-th.png" width="206" height="244" alt="Top cutaway of a skull, showing the brain. The nose of the head is at the bottom of the picture." /></a> + </div> + + <p>When we place the brain on its upper surface and inspect the + bottom, we observe at the back the cerebellum, which dips into the + <a class="pagenum" id="page30" title="30"> </a>neck, the middle lobe, which is over the ears and the side face, and + the front lobe, which rests over the eyes.</p> + + <p>We observe posteriorly the medulla oblongata, on the face of which + we may observe the crossing of the fibres, and on the side of which + we observe the origins of many nerves. Above the medulla we + observe the pons Varolii, just above which we observe the fibres + ascending to each hemisphere under the name of <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">crus cerebri</em>, or + thigh of the cerebrum. Next we see the optic nerves crossing on + the median line, the olfactory nerve, running under the front lobe, + which is separated by the fissure of Sylvius from the middle lobe. + There is also a glimpse of the corpus callosum at its anterior end, + obtained by pulling the front lobes apart at the median line.</p> + + <div class="image"> + <a href="images/fig08.png"><img src="images/fig08-th.png" width="491" height="568" alt="View of the (labeled) brain from below. Brain stem at the bottom of the picture." /></a> + </div> + + <p>Let us next cut through the head exactly on the median line, + dividing the right and left hemispheres, and look at the inner face + of the right hemisphere. We observe that it has convolutions, just + like the exterior surface, which do not join across the median line, but + are separated from those of the left hemisphere by a firm membrane + <a class="pagenum" id="page31" title="31"> </a>(an extension of the dura mater or principal investing membrane) + called the falx, which is removed, leaving the convolutions in view.</p> + + <p>The reader will observe that it is only in the lower portion of the + engraving that he sees any surfaces produced by cutting to separate + the right and left halves of the brain. It is by these structures + which are here divided that the right and left halves are connected, + so that the whole brain is adapted to acting in a unitary manner.</p> + + <p>The first section we encounter as we pass down is that of the + <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">corpus callosum</em>, a body of white fibre firmer than the external surface + of the brain, and therefore called the corpus callosum or callous + body, which consists of white nerve fibres gathered in from nearly + all parts of the brain on each side and crossing the median line. + We may regard it as a mass of representative fibres rooted in the + soft substance of the convolutions or gray matter of the brain + generally, and thus connecting across the median line the corresponding + parts of the right and left brain.</p> + + <div class="image"> + <a href="images/fig09.png"><img src="images/fig09-th.png" width="541" height="437" alt="Left profile cutaway view of (labeled) brain." /></a> + </div> + + <p>It must be borne in mind that the brain like the body is double, and + that every organ is fully developed in each brain, so that no amount + of injury or paralysis of organs would deprive us of any faculty, + unless corresponding parts were destroyed in each hemisphere.</p> + + <p>The left brain governs the right half of the body, and the right + brain governs the left half, the connecting fibres having their crossing + (called decussation) in the spinal cord. Hence the left brain is + usually more fully developed in the occipital and basilar regions than + the right, in right handed people, as may frequently be detected by + <a class="pagenum" id="page32" title="32"> </a>a careful examination of the head, or an inspection of the interior + the skull. The left brain, also, seems to have a general ascendency + over the right; so that paralysis of speech is most generally produced + by disease in the region of language on the left side.</p> + + <p>Whatever occurs on one side of the body is in relation to the + opposite side of the head. Paralysis, if not dependent on the spinal + cord, is dependent on the basilar region of the opposite side of they + brain; and conditions of the right eye affect the lower margin of the + left front lobe, in which the perceptive organs are situated.</p> + + <p>If we thrust our fingers into the brain immediately under the + corpus callosum, pushing away the delicate little structure called + the <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">septum lucidum</em> (or translucent septum), and pressing down + fornix (which is a thin, horizontal nerve membrane) we find that + our fingers enter a cavity by pressing its walls apart, of which the + corpus callosum is the vault or roof,—a cavity which may be explored + back and forth, far into the interior of the occipital lobe + within an inch of the surface, and far into the front lobe, near the + surface of the frontal convolutions, as well as downwards and forwards + into the bottom of the middle lobe (the part called temporo-sphenoidal). + These extensions of this great cavity or ventricle are + called the anterior and posterior horns (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">cornua</em>) and the descending + horn (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">cornu</em>).</p> + + <p>Their importance arises from the fact that in these ventricles of + the right and left sides of the brain a watery fluid, effused from the + blood, called serum, exists, which also extends downward along the + spinal cord, and which has to do with the pressure and equilibrium + of the various parts. When there is a strong pressure of blood to + the brain on account of its unusual activity, especially in the activity + of the emotions, the serum of the ventricles and also in the substance + of the brain is absorbed, and the brain acquires a more + compact texture, which is found in all persons of strong mentality, + the brain being hardened by exercise, as well as the muscles. But + when the action of the brain is feeble, and the blood in an impoverished + condition, there is a greater tendency to the exudation of + fluid; the substance of the brain is thereby softened, and serum, to + the extent of one or more ounces, is frequently found in the ventricles, + especially when the brain is much impaired by disease of its + substance. In some cases of hydrocephalus pints of serum are + effused, distending the brain and head enormously, and in many + cases of insanity the ventricles and membranes of the brain are + distended with serum. “Pritchard on Insanity” speaks of this + distention of the ventricles, which were “very full of serum” in + twenty-nine out of a hundred cases, and “in twenty-three ready to + burst,” and “in ten among twenty-four melancholies astonishingly + distended.” Dr. Spurzheim dissected a case of hydrocephalus, + child of eighteen months, with two and a half pounds of water in + the membranes of the brain; and James Cardinal, who died at the + age of thirty years in London, had a pint of water in the lateral + ventricles, and about nine pints between the brain and its membranes.</p> + </div> + <hr class="short" /> + <div id="business"> + <h2 class="title"><a class="pagenum" id="page33" title="33"> </a>BUSINESS DEPARTMENT.</h2> + <p style="text-indent:0em;text-align:center;width:80%;margin-left:10%;">☞ <em>The first two numbers of the</em> <cite class="name">Journal</cite> <em>were unavoidably delayed. The May number will appear + in advance of the month.</em></p> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p>The <strong class="name">Business Department</strong> of the Journal + deserves the attention of all its readers, as it will be + devoted to matters of general interest and real + value. The treatment of the opium habit by Dr. + Hoffman is original and successful. Dr. Hoffman + is one of the most gifted members of the medical + profession. The electric apparatus of D. H. Fitch + is that which I have found the most useful and satisfactory + in my own practice. Mr. Fitch has + recently perfected certain improvements in the + Galvanic Battery, which enables him to furnish + the best and cheapest which has ever been offered by + any manufacturer. The <cite>American Spectator</cite>, edited + by Dr. B. O. Flower, is conducted with ability and + good taste, making an interesting family paper, + containing valuable hygienic and medical instruction, + at a remarkably low price. It is destined + to have a very extensive circulation. I have + written several essays in commendation of the + treatment of disease by oxygen gas, and its + three compounds, nitrous oxide, per-oxide and + ozone. What is needed for its general introduction + is a convenient portable apparatus. This is now + furnished by Dr. B. M. Lawrence, at Hartford, + Connecticut. A line addressed to him will procure + the necessary information in his pamphlet on that + subject. He can be consulted free of charge.</p> + + <div class="subsection"> + <p>Dr. W. F. Richardson of 875 Washington Street is + one of the most successful practitioners we have, + as any one will realize who employs him. Without + specifying his numerous cases I would merely + mention that he has recently cured in a single + treatment an obstinate case of chronic disease + which had baffled the best physicians of Boston and + Lowell.</p> + </div> + + <div class="subsection"> + <p>Dr. <em class="special_name">K. Meyenberg</em>, who is the Boston agent for + Oxygen Treatment, is a most honorable, modest, and + unselfish gentleman, whose superior natural powers + as a magnetic healer have been demonstrated during + eighteen years’ practice in Washington City. + Some of his cures have been truly marvelous. He + has recently located in Boston as a magnetic + physician.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <h3 class="title">College of Therapeutics.</h3> + + <p>The large amount of scientific and therapeutic + knowledge developed by recent discoveries, but not + yet admitted into the slow-moving medical colleges, + renders it important to all young men of + liberal minds—to all who aim at the highest rank + in their profession—to all who are strictly conscientious + and faithful in the discharge of their + duties to patients under their care, to have an + institution in which their education can be completed + by a preliminary or a post-graduate course + of instruction.</p> + + <p>The amount of practically useful knowledge of + the healing art which is absolutely excluded from + the curriculum of old style medical colleges is + greater than all they teach—not greater than the + adjunct sciences and learning of a medical course + which burden the mind to the exclusion of much + useful therapeutic knowledge, but greater than + all the curative resources embodied in their instruction.</p> + + <p>The most important of these therapeutic resources + which have sometimes been partially + applied by untrained persons are now presented + in the College of Therapeutics, in which is taught + not the knowledge which is now represented by + the degree of M. D., but a more profound knowledge + which gives its pupils immense advantages + over the common graduate in medicine.</p> + + <p>Therapeutic Sarcognomy, a science often demonstrated + and endorsed by able physicians, gives the + anatomy not of the physical structure, but of the + vital forces of the body and soul as located in every + portion of the constitution—a science vastly more + important than physical anatomy, as the anatomy + of life is more important than the anatomy of + death. Sarcognomy is the true basis of medical + practice, while anatomy is the basis only of operative + surgery and obstetrics.</p> + + <p>Indeed, every magnetic or electric practitioner + ought to attend such a course of instruction to + become entirely skilful in the correct treatment of + disease.</p> + + <p>In addition to the above instruction, special + attention will be given to the science and art of + Psychometry—the most important addition in + modern times to the practice of medicine, as it + gives the physician the most perfect diagnosis of + disease that is attainable, and the power of extending + his practice successfully to patients at any + distance. The methods of treatment used by + spiritual mediums and “mind cure” practitioners + will also be philosophically explained.</p> + + <p>The course of instruction will begin on Monday, + the 2d of May, and continue six weeks. The fee + for attendance on the course will be $25. To + students who have attended heretofore the fee will + be $15. For further information address the + president,</p> + + <p class="sign">JOSEPH RODES BUCHANAN, M. D.<br /> + <span class="address name">6 James St., Boston.</span></p> + + <p>The sentiments of those who have attended these courses + of instruction during the last eight years + were concisely expressed in the following statement, + which was unanimously signed and presented + to Dr. Buchanan by those attending his last + course in Boston.</p> + + <p>“The undersigned, attendant upon the seventh + session of the College of Therapeutics, have been + delighted with the profound and wonderful instructions + received, and as it is the duty of all who + become acquainted with new truths of great + importance to the world, to assist in their diffusion, + we offer our free and grateful testimony in the + following resolutions:</p> + + <p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That the lectures and experiments of + Prof. Buchanan have not only clearly taught, + but absolutely demonstrated, the science of Sarcognomy, + by experiments in which we were personally + engaged, and in which we cannot possibly + have been mistaken.</p> + + <p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That we regard Sarcognomy as the + most important addition ever made to physiological + science by any individual, and as the basis + of the only possible scientific system of Electro-Therapeutics, + the system which we have seen + demonstrated in all its details by Prof. Buchanan, + producing results which we could not have believed + without witnessing the demonstration.</p> + + <p>“<em>Resolved</em>, That Therapeutic Sarcognomy is a + system of science of the highest importance, alike + to the magnetic healer, to the electro-therapeutist, + and to the medical practitioner,—giving great + advantages to those who thoroughly understand it, + and destined to carry the fame of its discoverer to + the remotest future ages.”</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1"><a class="pagenum" id="page34" title="34"> </a>The “Chlorine” Galvanic and Faradic Batteries.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">APPARATUS AND MATERIALS.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Description, Prices, and Testimonials Mailed Free, on Application.</p> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">Aurora, Ill.</span>, Dec. 24, 1886.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_5"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch</strong>, Cazenovia, N. Y.:</p> + <p>I am very glad to inform you that the battery which I purchased from + you seven months ago is better than you represented it, and works as + well to-day as it did on the first day.</p> + <p>The cells have not been looked at since they were first placed in the + cabinet. The battery is always ready and has never disappointed me.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="closing">Resp’y yours,</span><br /> + H. G. GABEL, M. D.</p> + </div> + <div class="letter"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4"><span class="location">Tyler, Tex.</span>, Feb. 11, 1886.</p> + <p class="addressee"><strong class="name">D. H. Fitch, Esq.</strong>, Cazenovia, N. Y.:</p> + <p>I am so well pleased with your “Chlorine Faradic Machine” that I now + use it in preference to any other. The current is so smooth and + regular that patients like it and seem to derive more benefit from it + than from the same strength of current from any other battery that I + have used. I would not be without it for many times its cost.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_4">S. F. STARLEY, M. D.</p> + </div> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">D. H. FITCH,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3"><span class="segment">P.O. Box 75.</span> Cazenovia, N. Y.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">THE SPIRITUAL OFFERING,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">LARGE EIGHT-PAGE, WEEKLY JOURNAL, DEVOTED + TO THE ADVOCACY OF SPIRITUALISM + IN ITS RELIGIOUS, SCIENTIFIC, AND HUMANITARIAN + ASPECTS.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">COL. D. M. FOX, Publisher.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3"><span class="segment">D. M. & NETTIE P. FOX</span> <strong class="name">Editors</strong>.</p> + + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_5">Prof. Henry Kiddle, No. 7 East 130th St., New York + City.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_5">“Ouina,” through her medium, Mrs. Cora L. V. Richmond, + 64 Union Park Place, Chicago, Ill.</p> + + <p>Among its contributors will be found our oldest and + ablest writers. In it will be found Lectures, Essays + upon Scientific, Philosophical, and Spiritual subjects, + Spirit Communications and Messages.</p> + + <p>A Young Folks’ Department has recently been + added, edited by <em>Ouina</em>, through her medium, Mrs. + Cora L. V. Richmond; also a Department, “<cite class="name">The + Offering’s</cite> School for Young and Old,” A. Danforth, + of Boston, Mass., Principal.</p> + + <hr class="short" /> + + <p><strong class="headline">Terms of Subscription:</strong> Per Year. $2.00; Six + Months, $1.00; Three Months, 50 cents.</p> + + <p>Any person wanting the <cite>Offering</cite>, who is unable to + pay more than $1.50 per annum, and will so notify us, + shall have it at that rate. The price will be the same + if ordered as a present to friends.</p> + + <p>In remitting by mail, a Post-Office Money Order on + Ottumwa, or Draft on a Bank or Banking House in + Chicago or New York City, payable to the order of D. + M. Fox, is preferable to Bank Notes. Single copies 5 + cents; newsdealers 3 cents, payable in advance, + monthly or quarterly.</p> + + <p><strong class="headline">Rates of Advertising.</strong>—Each line of nonpareil + type, 15 cents for first insertion and 10 cents for each + subsequent insertion. Payment in advance.</p> + + <p>☞ The circulation of the <cite class="name">Offering</cite> in every + State and Territory now makes it a very desirable + paper for advertisers. Address,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">SPIRITUAL OFFERING, Ottumwa, Iowa.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">Religio-Philosophical Journal.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">ESTABLISHED 1865.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">PUBLISHED WEEKLY AT</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">92 La Salle Street, Chicago,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">By JOHN C. BUNDY,</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION IN ADVANCE:</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8"><span class="segment">One copy, one year</span> $2.50</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Single copies, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.</p> + <p class="">All letters and communications should be addressed, + and all remittances made payable to</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">JOHN C. BUNDY, Chicago, Ill.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">A Paper for all who Sincerely and Intelligently + Seek Truth without regard to Sect or Party.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Press, Pulpit, and People Proclaim its Merits.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_7">Concurrent Commendations from Widely Opposite Sources.</p> + <p>Is the ablest Spiritualist paper in America…. + Mr. Bundy has earned the respect of all lovers of the + truth, by his sincerity and courage.—<cite>Boston Evening + Transcript.</cite></p> + <p>I have a most thorough respect for the <strong class="name">Journal</strong>, + and believe its editor and proprietor is disposed to + treat the whole subject of spiritualism fairly.—<cite>Rev. + M. J. Savage (Unitarian) Boston.</cite></p> + <p>I wish you the fullest success in your courageous + course.—<cite>R. Heber Newton, D. D.</cite></p> + <p>Your course has made spiritualism respected by the + secular press as it never has been before, and compelled + an honorable recognition.—<cite>Hudson Tuttle, + Author and Lecturer.</cite></p> + <p>I read your paper every week with great interest.—<cite>H. + W. Thomas, D. D., Chicago.</cite></p> + <p>I congratulate you on the management of the + paper…. I indorse your position as to the investigation + of the phenomena.—<cite>Samuel Watson, D. D., + Memphis, Tenn.</cite></p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">W. F. RICHARDSON,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">MAGNETIC PHYSICIAN,</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">875 Washington Street, Boston.</p> + + <p class="ad_pstyle_5">Having had several years’ practice, in which his + powers as a healer have been tested, and been surprising + to himself and friends, and having been + thoroughly instructed in the science of Sarcognomy, + offers his services to the public with entire + confidence that he will be able to relieve or cure all + who apply.</p> + + <p>For his professional success he refers to Prof. + Buchanan, and to numerous citizens whose testimonials + he can show.</p> + </div> + <div class="ad_narrow"> + <p class="ad_pstyle_1">LIGHT FOR THINKERS.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_2">THE PIONEER SPIRITUAL JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Issued Weekly at Chattanooga, Tenn.</p> + <table class="ad_table" summary="People of 'Light for Thinkers'"> + <tr><td>A. C. LADD</td> <td>Publisher.</td></tr> + <tr><td>G. W. KATES</td> <td>Editor.</td></tr> + </table> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Assisted by a large corps of able writers.</p> + <p class="ad_pstyle_3">Terms of Subscription:</p> + <table class="ad_table" summary="Subscription Rates"> + <tr><td>One copy, one year </td> <td>$1.50</td></tr> + <tr><td>One copy, six months </td> <td> .75</td></tr> + <tr><td>One copy, three months </td> <td> .40</td></tr> + <tr><td>Five copies, one year, one address </td> <td> 6.00</td></tr> + <tr><td>Ten or more, one year, to one address, each </td> <td> 1.00</td></tr> + </table> + <p class="ad_pstyle_8">Single copy, 5 cents. Specimen copy free.</p> + </div> + </div> + <div id="transcriber_note"> + <p>Transcriber’s Note: The Table of Contents was copied from + the index to the volume.</p> + </div> + <div id="the_end"> </div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Buchanan's Journal of Man, April 1887, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BUCHANAN'S JOURNAL OF MAN *** + +***** This file should be named 25890-h.htm or 25890-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/5/8/9/25890/ + +Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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