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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on
+Gardening,, by Samuel Felton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: On the Portraits of English Authors on Gardening,
+       with Biographical Notices of Them, 2nd edition, with
+       considerable additions
+
+Author: Samuel Felton
+
+Release Date: June 13, 2008 [EBook #25773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH AUTHORS ON GARDENING ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ON
+
+THE PORTRAITS
+
+OF
+
+English Authors on Gardening,
+
+WITH
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THEM.
+
+_Lately published, by the same Author, price 3s._
+
+GLEANINGS ON GARDENS;
+
+Chiefly respecting those of the Ancient Style in England.
+
+
+PRINTED BY LOWE AND HARVEY, PLAYHOUSE YARD, BLACKFRIARS.
+
+
+
+
+ON THE
+
+PORTRAITS
+
+OF
+
+ENGLISH
+
+AUTHORS ON GARDENING,
+
+WITH
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
+
+_Your painting is almost the natural man.--Timon of Athens._
+
+_A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles.--Winter's Tale._
+
+_I will make a prief of it in my note-book.--M. W. of Windsor._
+
+BY S. FELTON.
+
+SECOND EDITION, WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LONDON: 1830.
+
+PUBLISHED BY EFFINGHAM WILSON, ROYAL EXCHANGE; AND JOSEPH ONWHYN,
+CATHARINE STREET, STRAND.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following pages apply only to those English writers on gardening who
+are deceased. That there have been portraits taken of _some_ of those
+sixty-nine English writers, whose names first occur in the following
+pages, there can be no doubt; and those portraits may yet be with their
+surviving relatives or descendants. I am not so presumptuous as to apply
+to the following most slight memorials, some of which relate to very
+obscure persons, who claimed neither "the boast of heraldry, nor the
+pomp of power," but whose
+
+                     ----useful toil,
+   Their homely joys and destiny obscure
+
+benefited society by their honest labour;--I am not so vain as to apply
+to these, any part of the high testimony which Sir Walter Scott has so
+justly paid to the merit of Mr. Lodge's truly splendid work of the
+portraits of celebrated personages of English history. I can only take
+leave to disjoint, or to dislocate, or copy, a very few of his words,
+and to apply them to the following scanty pages, as it must be
+interesting to have exhibited before our eyes _our fathers as they
+lived_, accompanied with such memorials of their lives and characters,
+as enable us to compare their persons and countenances with their
+sentiments:--portraits shewing us how "our ancestors looked, moved, and
+dressed,"--as the pen informs us "how they thought, acted, lived and
+died." One cannot help feeling kindness for the memories of those whose
+writings have pleased us.[1]
+
+What native of the county of Hereford, but must wish to see their
+town-hall ornamented with a life-breathing portrait of Dr. Beale,
+embodying, as it were, in the resemblance of the individual, (to use
+the words of a most eloquent person on another occasion), "his spirit,
+his feelings, and his character?" Or what elegant scholar but must wish
+to view the resemblance of the almost unknown Thomas Whately, Esq., or
+that of the Rev. William Gilpin, whose vivid pen (like that of the late
+Sir Uvedale Price), has "realized painting," and enchained his readers
+to the rich scenes of nature?
+
+Dr. Johnson calls portrait painting "that art which is employed in
+diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead."
+
+The horticultural intercourse that now passes between England and
+France, induces one to express a wish, that the portraits of many of
+those delightful writers on this science, whose pens have adorned
+France, (justly termed from its climate _la terre classique
+d'horticulture_), were selected and engraved; for many of their
+portraits have never yet been engraved. If this selection were
+accompanied with a few brief notices of them and their works, it would
+induce many in this country to peruse some of the most fascinating
+productions that ever issued from the press. Amongst so many, whose
+portraits and memoirs would interest us, I will mention those of
+Champier, who distinguished himself at the battle of Aignadel, and who
+published at Lyons, in 1533, Campus Elisius Galliæ amenitate referens;
+Charles Etienne, who, in 1529, produced his Prædium Rusticum; and who
+with Leibault published the Maison Rustique, of which upwards of thirty
+editions have been published, (and which our Gervase Markham calls _a
+work of infinite excellencie_); Paulmier de Grenlemesnil, a most
+estimable man, physician to Charles IX., and who died at Caen in 1588,
+and wrote a treatise de Vino et Pomaceo; and the only act of whose long
+life that one regrets is, that his great skill was the means of
+re-establishing the health of Charles, who, with his mother, directed
+the horrid Massacre of St. Bartholomew; Cousin, who died in the prison
+of Besançon, and wrote De Hortorum laudibus; that patriarch of
+agriculture and of horticulture, Olivier de Serres, whose sage and
+philosophic mind composed a work rich with the most profound
+reflections, and whose genius and merit were so warmly patronized by
+"le bon Henri," and no less by Sully;[2] Boyceau, intendant of the
+gardens of Louis XIII., who, in 1638, published Traité du Jardinage,
+selon les raisons de la nature, et de l'art, avec divers desseins de
+parterres, pelouses, bosquets, &c.; André Mollet, who wrote Le Jardin de
+plaisir, &c.; Claude Mollet, head gardener to Henry IV. and Louis XIII.,
+who, in 1595, planted the gardens of Saint Germain-en-laye, Monceau,
+and Fontainbleau, and whose name and memory (as Mr. Loudon observes),
+has been too much forgotten; Bornefond, author of Jardinier François, et
+délices de la campagne; Louis Liger, of consummate experience in the
+florist's art, "auteur d'un grand nombre d'ouvrages sur l'agriculture,
+et le jardinage," and one of whose works was thought not unworthy of
+being revised by London and Wise, and of whose interesting works the
+Biographie Universelle (in 52 tomes) gives a long list, and mentions the
+great sale which his Jardinier fleuriste once had; Morin, the florist,
+mentioned by Evelyn, and whose garden contained ten thousand tulips; the
+justly celebrated Jean de la Quintinye, whose precepts, says Voltaire,
+have been followed by all Europe, and his abilities magnificently
+rewarded by Louis; Le Nôtre, the most celebrated gardener (to use Mr.
+Loudon's words) that perhaps ever existed, and of whom the Biographie
+Univer. observes, that whatever might have been the changes introduced
+in whatever Le Nôtre cultivated, "il seroit difficile de mettre plus de
+grandeur et de noblesse;"[3] Charles Riviere du Fresnoy "qu'il joignot a
+un goût général pour tous les arts, des talens particuliers pour la
+musique et le dessein. Il excelloit sur-tout dans l'art de destribuer
+les jardins. Il publia plusieurs _Chansons et les Amusemens serieux et
+comiques_: petit ouvrage souvens re-imprimé et pleins de peintures vives
+et plaisantes, de la plupart des états de la vie. On remarques dans
+touts ses productions une imagination enjouée et singuliere;"
+Pontchasteau, who wrote on the cultivation of fruit trees, whose
+penitence and devotion were so severely austere, and whose very singular
+history is given us in the interesting "Lettres de Madame la Comtesse de
+la Riviere;" Linant, to whom Voltaire was a warm protector and friend,
+and who, in 1745, wrote his poem Sur la Perfection des Jardins, sous la
+regne de Louis XIV.; and of whom it was said that "les qualités du
+coeur ne le caractérisoient pas moins que celles de l'esprit;" Le Pere
+Rapin;[4] D'Argenville; Le Maistre, curate of Joinville, who in 1719
+added to his "Fruitier de la France," "Une Dissertation historique sur
+l'origine et les progrés des Jardins; Vaniere, who wrote the Prædium
+Rusticum;[5] Arnauld d'Andilli, in so many respects rendered
+illustrious, who retired to the convent of Port Royal, (that divine
+solitude, where the whole country for a league round breathed the air of
+virtue and holiness, to quote Mad. de Sevigné's words), and who sent
+each year to the queen some of that choice fruit which he there with
+such zeal cultivated, and which Mazarin "appelloit en riant des fruits
+bénis." This good man died at the age of eighty-six, and the letter of
+Mad. de Sevigné, of the date of Sept. 23, 1671, will alone consign him
+to the respect of future ages;[6] Jean Paul de Ardenne, superior of the
+congregation of the oratory of Marseilles, one of the most famous
+florists of the period in which he lived, and who devoted great part of
+his time in deeds of charity; Francis Bertrand, who, in 1757, published
+Ruris delicæ, being poems from Tibullus, Claudian, Horace, and from many
+French writers, on the pleasures of the country; Mons. de Chabanon;
+Morel, who assisted in laying out Ermenonville, and who wrote, among
+other works, Théorie des Jardins, ou l'art des Jardins de la Nature; the
+animated Prevost; Gouges de Cessieres, who wrote Les Jardins d'Ornament,
+ou les Georgiques Francoises; he, too, whom the Prince de Ligne calls
+
+                 ----_enchanteur_ De Lille!
+   _O_ Virgile _moderne_!
+
+and whose generous invocation to the memory of Captain Cook must endear
+his name to every Englishman;[7] the Viscount Girardin, who wrote De la
+Composition des Paysages, who buried Rousseau in his garden at
+Ermenonville, and who kept a band of musicians to perambulate those
+charming grounds, performing concerts sometimes in the woods, and at
+other times on the water, and at night in a room adjoining his hall of
+company;[8] the venerable Malherbes, the undaunted defender of the
+oppressed, who throughout his life lost no opportunity of drying up the
+tears of the afflicted, and never caused one to flow; whose whole life
+had been consecrated to the happiness of his fellow-creatures and the
+dignity of his country, but whose spotless reputation could not save him
+from the guillotine at his age of seventy-two;[9] Schabol; Latapie, who
+translated Whately's Observations on Modern Gardening, to which he
+added a discourse on the origin of the art, &c.; Watelet, who wrote
+Essai sur les Jardins, and whose name has given rise to some most
+charming lines in De Lille's poem, and whose biography is interestingly
+drawn in the Biog. Univers.; Lezay de Marnesia, whose poems de la Nature
+Champêtre, and le Bonheur dans les Campagnes, have passed through many
+editions, and of whom pleasing mention is made in the above Biog.
+Univers.; M. de Fontaine, author of Le Verger; Masson de Blamont, the
+translator of Mason's Garden, and Whately's Observations; François
+Rosier; Bertholan, the friend of Franklin.
+
+I am indebted, in a great measure, for the above list of French authors,
+to that immense body of diffuse and elaborate information, the
+Encyclopædia of Gardening, by Mr. Loudon.
+
+Those who are more conversant with the literature of France, than my
+very limited researches have extended to, can, no doubt, easily
+enumerate many very distinguished persons of that country, many talented
+men, who though they may not have written on the subject of gardens, yet
+evinced an ardent attachment to them, and became their munificent
+patrons. Let us not then omit the name of Charles the Great, or
+Charlemagne, in one of whose Capitulaires are _Directions concerning
+Gardens, and what plants are best to set in them_. He died in 814, after
+reigning forty-seven years over France: "Quoiqu'il ne sût pas écriere
+(says the Nouv. Diet. Hist.), il fit fleurer les sciences. Aussi grand
+par ses conquêtes, que par l'amour des lettres, et en fut le protecteur
+et la restaurateur. Son palais fut l'asyle des sciences. Le nom de ce
+conquérant et de cet législateur remplit la terre. Tout fut uni par le
+force de son génie." De Sismondi calls him "a brilliant star in that
+dark firmament." Mr. Loudon, in p. 40 of his Encyclopædia, says, that
+"The Abbé Schmidt informs us (_Mag. Encyc._) that this monarch, who had
+domains in every part of France, gave the greatest encouragement to the
+eradication of forests, and the substitution of orchards and vineyards.
+He was on terms of friendship with the Saracenic prince Haroun al
+Raschid, and by that means procured for France the best sorts of pulse,
+melons, peaches, figs, and other fruits."
+
+Francis I. when he built his palace at Fontainbleau, introduced into its
+gardens, much of what he had seen in those of Italy, and when he
+completed St. Germains, its style of grandeur may be guessed at from its
+rocks, cascades, terraces and subterraneous grots.
+
+Henry IV.'s attachment to agriculture and to gardens, is well known. The
+magnificent improvements he made at St. Germains, and the attention he
+paid to his gardens at la Fleche, Vendome, and the Thuilleries, shew
+this. Indeed, his employing Claude Mollet, and Jean Robin, are
+sufficient proofs.[10]
+
+Louis XIV. magnificently rewarded La Quintinye, that original writer,
+who conducted the fine gardens of Tambourneau, and whose precepts Mons.
+de Voltaire tells us were followed by all Europe. The zeal of Louis for
+the decorations of gardens, met with an able assistant when he
+patronized Le Nôtre, to do justice to whose name, I can only refer my
+reader to the concise but rich review of the grand efforts of this
+singular genius, as they are noticed in p. 35 of Mr. Loudon's
+Encyclopædia, and which "dazzled and enchanted every class of
+observers."[11]
+
+Madame de Sevigné's delight in gardens pervades many of her letters:
+that of July 1677, paints the charms which one in Paris gave her: "I was
+invited in the kindest manner possible to sup at Gourville's with Mad.
+de Scomberg, Mad. de Frontenac, Mad. de Coulanges, the Duke, M. de la
+Rochefoucault, Barillon, Briole, Coulanges, Sevigné, in a garden of the
+hotel de Condé; there were water-works, bowers, terraces, six hautboys,
+six violins, and the most melodious flutes; a supper which seemed to be
+prepared by enchantment, an admirable bass-viol, and a resplendent moon,
+which witnessed all our pleasures." Of her own garden, formed by her own
+pure taste, M. de Coulanges thus speaks: "I have spent a most delightful
+fortnight here. It is impossible sufficiently to praise the gardens of
+the _Rocks_; they would have their beauties even at Versailles, which is
+saying every thing." And that she delighted in what she well knew how to
+describe, is evident from her letter from _Chaulnes_: "This is a very
+handsome house, which carries with it an air of grandeur, though it is
+partly unfurnished, and the gardens neglected. There is scarcely any
+verdure to be seen, and not a nightingale to be heard; in short, it is
+still winter, on the seventeenth of April. But it is easy to imagine the
+beauties of these walks; every thing is regular and magnificent; a
+spacious parterre in front, bowling-greens opposite the wings, a large
+playing fountain in the parterre, two in the bowling-greens, and another
+at a distance in the middle of a field, which is well named _the
+solitary_; a fine country, beautiful apartments, and a pleasant
+prospect, though flat." She in another letter from _Chaulnes_ says; "I
+was walking alone the other day, in these beautiful alleys." And in a
+subsequent one she says: "It is a pity to be obliged to quit so
+beautiful and so charming a place." Her frequent mention in her letters
+of _my pretty walks_ at the _Rocks_, sufficiently paints her delight in
+her own garden. In compliment to this lady, I cannot help applying to
+her the exact words which Petrarch applies to Laura: _une haute
+intelligence, un coeur pure, qui a la sagesse de l'âge avancé, ait le
+brilliant de la belle jeunesse_.
+
+Few passed more happy hours in their garden at _Baville_, than the
+illustrious Lamoignon, of whom it was said, that "Son ame égaloit son
+génie; simple dans ses moeurs, austere dans sa conduite, il étoit le
+plus doux des hommes, quand la veuve et l'orphein étoient à ses pieds,
+_Boileau_, _Racine_, _Bourdaloue_, _Rapin_, composoit sa petite
+cour,"--and whom Rapin invokes, not only in his poem on gardens,
+
+   _My flowers aspiring round your brows shall twine,
+   And in immortal wreaths, shall all their beauties join;_
+
+but in his letters, preserved with those of Rabutin de Bussy, he paints
+in high terms the name of Lamoignon, and frequently dwells on his
+retreat at _Baville_. Mons. Rab. de Bussy, in a letter to Rapin, says:
+"Que Je vous trouve heureux d'avoir deux mois à passer à _Baville_, avec
+Mons. le presidant! Il est admirable à Paris; mais il est aimable à sa
+maison de campagne, et vous savez qu'on a plus de plaisir à aimer qu'à
+admirer." On his death, Rapin thus speaks of him: "Il n'y eut jamais une
+plus belle ame jointe à un plus bel esprit. Le plus grand de tous les
+éloges est, que le peuple l'a pleuré; et chacun s'est plaint de sa mort
+comme de la perte d'un ami, ou de celle d'un bienfacteur."
+
+The name of Boileau is too interesting to be overlooked. Many of his
+letters and pages discover the delight he took in his garden at
+_Auteuil_. In his epistle to _Lamoignon_, he describes his seat there as
+his "bless'd abode," his "dear delicious shades," and he then paints the
+pleasures of his country seat:
+
+   _Give me these shades, these forests, and these fields,
+   And the soft sweets that rural quiet yields;
+   Oh, leave me to the fresh, the fragrant breeze,
+   And let me here awhile enjoy my ease.
+   Let me Pomona's plenteous blessings crop,
+   And see rich autumn's ripen'd burden drop,
+   Till Bacchus with full clusters crowns the year,
+   And gladdens with his load the vintager._
+
+His celebrated epistle to _Anthony_, his old gardener, not only shews
+the kind master, but his own love to his garden. I cannot refrain from
+quoting a few lines from Lempriere: "As a poet, Boilieu has deservedly
+obtained the applauses of every man of genius and taste. Not only his
+countrymen boast of the superior effusions of his muse, but foreigners
+feel and admire the graces, the strength and harmony of his verse, and
+that delicacy of satire, and energy of style, by which he raised himself
+to immortality." Another of his biographers says: "La religion, qui
+éclaira ses derniers momens, avoit animé toute sa vie." The author of
+the Pursuits of Literature thus speaks of him: "The most perfect of all
+modern writers, in true taste and judgment. His sagacity was unerring;
+he combined every ancient excellence, and appears original even in the
+adoption of acknowledged thoughts and allusions. He is the just and
+adequate representative of Horace, Juvenal, and Perseus, united, without
+one indecent blemish; and for my own part, I have always considered him
+as the most finished gentleman that ever wrote." In his Life, translated
+by Ozell, we are told, that "he was full of sentiments of humanity,
+mildness, and justice. He censured vice, and sharply attacked the bad
+taste of his time, without one spark of envy, or calumny. Whatever
+shocked truth, raised in him an indignation which he could not master,
+and which accounts for that energy and fire which pervades his satires.
+The sight of any learned man in want, made him so uneasy, that he could
+not forbear lending money. His good nature and justice did farther
+appear in his manner of recompensing his domestics, and by his
+liberality to the poor. He gave by his will fifty thousand livres to the
+small parishes adjoining the church of Notre Dame; ten thousand livres
+to his valet de chambre, and five thousand to an old woman who had
+served him a long time. But he was not contented to bestow his
+benevolence at his death, and when he was no longer in a condition of
+enjoying his estate himself, he was, all his life long, studious in
+seeking opportunities of doing good offices." Part of this is confirmed
+by another biographer: "Une piété sincere, une foi vive et une charité
+si grande, qu'elle ne lui a presque fait reconnoitre d'autres héritiers
+que les pauvres." The Lettres of Mad. la Comtesse de la Riviere, and
+those of de Sevigné, frequently mention the charm which attended the
+visits of Boileau.[12] Rabutin du Bussy thus speaks of him, in a letter
+to the Pere Rapin, after eulogizing Moliere: "Despréaux est encore
+merveilleuse; personne ne'crit avec plus de pureté; ses pensées sont
+fortes, et ce qui m'en plait, toujours vraies."
+
+The above is a very cursory and brief allusion to what might be gathered
+respecting those superb gardens in France, whose costly and magnificent
+decorations so charmed many of our English nobility and gentry, when
+travelling there, during the periods of Charles II., James II., William,
+Anne, and during subsequent reigns. One need recur only to a very few,
+as to Rose, who was sent there by Lord Essex, to view Versailles; to
+George London, who was commissioned to go there, not only by the same
+Rose, but who afterwards accompanied the Earl of Portland, King
+William's ambassador; but to Evelyn, Addison, Dr. Lister, Kent, when he
+accompanied Lord Burlington through France to Italy; to the Earl of Cork
+and Orrery (the translator of Pliny's Letters), whose gardens at
+_Marston_, and at _Caledon_, and whose letters from Italy, all shew the
+eagerness with which he must have viewed the gardens of France, when
+passing through the provinces towards Florence; to Ray, Lady M. W.
+Montague, Bolingbroke, Peterborough, Smollet, John Wilks, John Horne
+(when he met Mr. Sterne, or designed to meet him, at _Toulouse_), to
+Gray, Walpole, R. P. Knight, who must have passed through the rich
+provinces of France, as, in his work on Taste, he speaks of "terraces
+and borders intermixed with vines and flowers, (_as I have seen them in
+Italian villas_, and in some old English gardens in the same style),
+where the mixture of splendour, richness, and neatness, was beautiful
+and pleasing in the highest degree;" and to the lately deceased Sir U.
+Price, who must also have passed through France, to view (with the
+eagerness with which he did view) the rich and magnificently decorated
+gardens of Italy, "aided with the splendour and magnificence of art,"
+their ballustrades, their fountains, basons, vases and statues, and
+which he dwells on in his Essays with the same enthusiasm as when he
+there contemplated the works of Titian, Paul Veronese, and other great
+masters. Indeed, those pages where he regrets the demolition of many of
+our old English gardens, and when he dwells on the probability that even
+Raphael, Giulio Romano, and M. Angelo, (which last planted the famous
+cypresses in the garden of the Villa d'Este) were consulted on the
+decorations of some of the old Italian ones; these pages at once shew
+the fascinating charms of his classic pen.[13]
+
+England can boast too of very great names, who have been attached to
+this art, and most zealously patronized it, though they have not written
+on the subject:--Lord Burleigh, Lord Hudson, Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord
+Capell, who honoured himself by several years correspondence with La
+Quintinye; William the Third,--for Switzer tells us, that "in the least
+interval of ease, gardening took up a greater part of his time, in which
+he was not only a delighter, but likewise a great judge,"--the Earl of
+Essex, whom the mild and benevolent Lord William Russell said "was the
+worthiest, the justest, the sincerest, and the most concerned for the
+public, of any man he ever knew;" Lord William Russell himself, too, on
+whom Thomson says,
+
+   _Bring every sweetest flower, and let me strew
+   The grave where Russell lies_,
+
+whose fall Switzer feelingly laments, as one of the best of masters, and
+encouragers of arts and sciences, particularly gardening, that that age
+produced, and who "made _Stratton_, about seven miles from Winchester,
+his seat, and his gardens there some of the best that were made in those
+early days, such indeed as have mocked some that have been done since;
+and the gardens of Southampton House, in Bloomsbury Square, were also of
+his making;" the generous friend of this Lord William Russell, the manly
+and patriotic Duke of Devonshire, who erected _Chatsworth_, that noble
+specimen of a magnificent spirit;[14] Henry Earl of Danby, the Duke of
+Argyle, beheaded in 1685, for having supported the rebellion of
+Monmouth; the Earl of Halifax, the friend of Addison, Swift, Pope, and
+Steele, and on whom a funeral poem thus speaks,
+
+   _In the rich furniture of whose fair mind,
+   Those dazzling intellectual graces shin'd,
+   That drew the love and homage of mankind._[15]
+
+Lord Weymouth; Dr. Sherard of Eltham; Collinson, "to whose name is
+attached all that respect which is due to benevolence and virtue;"
+Grindal, Bishop of London, who cultivated with great success the vine
+and other productions of his garden at Fulham; Compton, Bishop of
+London, eminent, as Mr. Falconer in his Fulham observes, for his
+unbounded charity and beneficence, and who was so struck with the
+genius, the learning, and probity of Mr. Ray, that he was almost at the
+entire charge of erecting the monument to him; the Earl of Scarborough,
+an accomplished nobleman, immortalized by the enchanting pen of Pope,
+and the fine pen of Chesterfield; the Earl of Gainsborough; the great
+Chatham, whose taste in the embellishment of rural nature has been
+exultingly acknowledged by Mr. Walpole, and by George Mason;[16] with
+numerous other men of rank and science.[17] These have highly assisted
+in elevating gardening to the rank it has long since held, and has
+allured multitudes to this delightful science:--no wonder, when _Homer_
+=writeth how= _Laertes_ =the olde man, was wont with his travaile in his
+Orchards, to drive from his minde the sorrow hee tooke for the absence
+of his sonne=. When old Gerarde asks his _courteous and well-willing
+readers_--"whither do all men walk for their honest recreation, but
+where the earth hath most beneficially painted her face with flourishing
+colours? and what season of the year more longed for than the spring,
+whose gentle breath enticeth forth the kindly sweets, and makes them
+yield their fragrant smells?" When the Lord Chancellor Bacon declares a
+garden "is the purest of human pleasures; it is the greatest refreshment
+to the spirits of man:" and when this wonderfully gifted man thus fondly
+dwells on part of its allurements;--"the breath of flowers is far
+sweeter in the air (where it comes and goes like the warbling of music),
+than in the hand; therefore, nothing is more fit for that delight, than
+to know what be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air; the
+flower, which above all others yields the sweetest smell in the air, is
+the violet;[18] next to that is the musk rose, then the
+strawberry-leaves, dying with a most-excellent cordial smell; then sweet
+briar, then wall-flowers, which are very delightful to be set under a
+parlour, or lower chamber window; but those which perfume the air most
+delightfully, not passed by as the rest, but being trodden upon and
+crushed, are three--that is, burnet, wild thyme, and water-mints;
+therefore you are to set whole alleys of them, to have the pleasure when
+you walk or tread."[19] Or when Mr. Evelyn, in the joy of his
+enthusiasm, exultingly transposed from Virgil:--
+
+   O fortunatos nimium, bona si sua norint
+   _Horticulas_!
+
+and who declared, that the employ and felicity of an excellent gardener
+was preferable to all other diversions. When Mr. Addison says that a
+garden "fills the mind with calmness and tranquillity, and lays all its
+turbulent passions at rest." When Sir William Temple (who infused into
+his writings the graces of some of the best writers of ancient times),
+thus allures his readers: "_Epicurus_, whose admirable wit, felicity of
+expression, excellence of nature, sweetness of conversation, temperance
+of life, and constancy of death, made him so beloved by his friends,
+admired by his scholars, and honoured by the Athenians, passed his time
+wholly in his garden; there he studied, there he exercised, there he
+taught his philosophy; and indeed no other sort of abode seems to
+contribute so much to both the tranquillity of mind, and indolence of
+body, which he made his chief ends. The sweetness of air, the
+pleasantness of smells, the verdure of plants, the cleanness and
+lightness of food, the exercises of working or walking; but above all,
+the exemption from cares and solitude, seem equally to favour and
+improve both contemplation and health, the enjoyment of sense and
+imagination, and thereby the quiet and ease both of the body and mind."
+When the industrious Switzer says:--"'Tis in the quiet enjoyment of
+rural delights, the refreshing and odoriferous breezes of garden air,
+that the deluge of vapours, and those terrors of hypochondraism, which
+crowd and oppress the head are dispelled." When the industrious and
+philosophic Bradley observes, that "though the trouble of the mind wears
+and destroys the constitution even of the most healthful body, all kinds
+of gardens contribute to health." When Pope,[20] who loved to breathe
+the sweet and fragrant air of gardens, in one of his letters says, "I am
+in my garden, amused and easy; this is a scene where one finds no
+disappointment." When that "universally esteemed and beloved man," the
+Prince de Ligne, declares, "Je voudrois échauffer tout l'univers de mon
+gôut pour les jardins. Il me semble qu'il est impossible, qu'un mechant
+puisse l'avoir. Il n'est point de vertus que Je ne suppose à celui qui
+aime à parler et à faire des jardins. Péres de famille, inspirez la
+jardinomanie à vos enfans.[21] When a taste for gardening (as Mr. Cobbet
+observes) "is much more innocent, more pleasant, more free from
+temptation to cost, than any other; so pleasant in itself! It is
+conducive to health, by means of the irresistible temptation which it
+offers to early rising; it tends to turn the minds of youth from
+amusements and attachments of a frivolous or vicious nature; it is a
+taste which is indulged at home; it tends to make home pleasant, and to
+endear us to the spot on which it is our lot to live." When Mr. Johnson
+forcibly paints the allurements to a love for this art, when concluding
+his energetic volume on gardening, by quoting from Socrates, that "it is
+the source of health, strength, plenty, riches, and of a thousand sober
+delights and honest pleasures."--And from Lord Verulam, that amid its
+scenes and pursuits, "life flows pure, and the heart more calmly beats."
+And when M. le V. H. de Thury, président de la Société d'Horticulture de
+Paris, in his Discours d'Installation says: "Dans tous les temps et dans
+tous les pays, les hommes les plus célèbres, les plus grands capitaines,
+les princes, et les rois, se sont livrés avec délices, et souvent avec
+passion, à la culture des plantes et des jardins." And among other
+instances he cites "Descartes, qui se livrait avec une égale ardeur à la
+science des astres et à la culture des fleurs de son jardin, et qui
+souvent, la nuit, quittait ses observations célestes pour étudier le
+sommeil et la floraison de ses plantes avant le lever du soliel."[22]
+Petrarch, too, who has enchanted every nation and every age, from his
+endeared Vaucluse, thus speaks of his garden: "I have formed two; I do
+not imagine they are to be equalled in all the world: I should feel
+myself inclined to be angry with fortune, if there were any so beautiful
+out of Italy. I have store of pleasant green walks, with trees shadowing
+them most sweetly." Indeed, what Cicero applies to another science, may
+well apply to horticulture: "nihil est _agriculturæ_ melius, nihil
+uberius, nihil dulcius, nihil homine, nihil libero dignius." Let me
+close with a most brilliant name;--the last resource in the _Candide_ of
+Voltaire is,--_cultivate your garden_.
+
+In my transient review of the gardens of ancient times, at the
+commencement of the following work, I have not even glanced at those of
+the _Saxons_, in this island; when one should have thought that the
+majestic name of ALFRED alone, would have made a search of this nature
+interesting, even if such search were unavailing. I have also
+inadvertently omitted any allusion to those of the _Danes_ and the
+_Normans_. I have only then now to say, that Mr. Johnson's researches,
+as to these gardens, in pp. 31, 37, 38, 39 and 40 of his lately
+published History of English Gardening, with his elegant language and
+the flow of sentiment that pervades those pages, would make any search
+or review of mine presumptuous. In those pages, he dwells on the
+tendency which the then introduction of the christian religion had to
+soften the manners of the people, and by thus rendering them more
+domestic, gardening became an art congenial to their feelings; and
+whilst the country at large was devastated by war, the property of the
+religious establishments was held sacred, and varieties of vegetables
+preserved, which otherwise would soon have become extinct, if cultivated
+in less hallowed ground. He then traces the existence of many gardens,
+orchards, and vineyards, belonging to our monasteries, proving, that
+even in the time of the _Danes_, horticulture continued "silently to
+advance," and that at the time of the arrival of the _Normans_, gardens
+were generally in the possession of the laity, as well as of the
+ecclesiastics; and he refers to Doomsday Book for his assertion, that
+"there is no reason to doubt, that at this period, every house, from the
+palace to the cottage, was possessed of a garden of some size." He
+concludes with interesting references to the gardens, vineyards, and
+orchards, of the Abbot of Ely and other monks.
+
+The above work of Mr. Johnson's is the result of original thought, and
+of an ardent and extended scientific research. Mine is a compilation,
+"made with a pair of scissors," to copy the words of Mr. Mathias, which
+he applies to a certain edition of Pope. I content myself, however, with
+the reflection of Mr. Walpole, that "they who cannot perform great
+things themselves, may yet have a satisfaction in doing justice to those
+who can."
+
+Having alluded at pp. 71 and 120 to Dr. Alison, and having given at p.
+211 Dr. Dibdin's tribute to him, I cannot omit reminding my reader, that
+the graceful language, the sublime and solemn thoughts, which this
+admirable divine has transfused into many of his Sermons on the Seasons,
+make one doubly feel the truth and propriety with which he has so
+liberally reviewed Mr. Whately's _Observations on Modern Gardening_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+   ON
+   THE PORTRAITS
+   OF
+   English Authors on Gardening.
+
+
+
+
+ON THE PORTRAITS OF ENGLISH AUTHORS ON GARDENING.
+
+
+The earliest accounts we have of gardens, are those recorded in Holy
+Writ; their antiquity, therefore, appears coeval with that of time
+itself. The Garden in Eden had every tree good for food, or pleasant to
+the sight. Noah planted a Vineyard. Solomon, in the true spirit of
+horticultural zeal, says, _I planted me Vineyards, I made me Gardens and
+Orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of fruit_. We have
+all heard of the grandeur of Nebuchadnezzar's Gardens.
+
+Whether that of Alcinous was fabulous or not, it gave rise to Homer's
+lofty strains:--
+
+   The balmy spirit of the western gale
+   Eternal breathes on flowers untaught to fail;
+   The same mild season gives the blooms to blow,
+   The buds to harden, and the fruit to grow.[23]
+
+That Homer was all alive to the rich scenery of nature, is evident, even
+from his Calypso's Cave:--
+
+   All o'er the cavern'd rock a sprouting vine
+   Laid forth ripe clusters. Hence four limpid founts
+   Nigh to each other ran, in rills distinct,
+   Huddling along with many a playful maze.
+   Around them the soft meads profusely bloom'd
+   Fresh violets and balms.[24]
+
+The Egyptians, the Persians, and other remote nations, prided themselves
+on their magnificent gardens. Diodorus Siculus mentions one "enriched
+with palm trees, and vines, and every kind of delicious fruit, by
+flowery lawns and planes, and cypresses of stupendous magnitude, with
+thickets of myrtle, and laurel, and bay." He paints too the attachment
+which some of the ancients had to landscape scenery:--
+
+   None of art's works, but prodigally strown
+   By nature, with her negligence divine.
+
+The splendid gardens at Damascus, were superintended by a native of
+Malaga, who "traversed the burning sands of Africa, for the purpose of
+describing such vegetables as could support the fervid heat of that
+climate." The cities of Samarcand, Balckd, Ispahan, and Bagdad, were
+enveloped and surrounded by luxurious and splendid gardens. No wonder
+when those countries were partly governed by such celebrated men as
+Haroun-al-Raschid, and his son Al-Mamoun, the generous protectors of
+Arabian literature, and which son (about the year 813) has been justly
+termed the _Augustus_ of Bagdad. "Study, books, and men of letters, (I
+am quoting the eloquent pages of De Sismondi _On the Literature of the
+Arabians_,) almost entirely engrossed his attention. Hundreds of camels
+might be seen entering Bagdad loaded with nothing but manuscripts and
+papers. Masters, instructors, translators, and commentators, formed the
+court of Al-Mamoun, which appeared rather to be a learned academy than
+the centre of government in a warlike empire."
+
+The gardens of Epicurus, and of Pisistratus, Cimon, and Theophrastus,
+were the most famous of any in the Grecian empire. Those of Herculaneum
+may be seen in the 2nd vol. of the paintings found there. The luxurious
+gardens of the affluent Seneca, and the delight with which Cicero speaks
+of his paternal seat, (which enraptured his friend Atticus with its
+beauty,) and the romantic ones of Adrian, at Tivoli, and of Lucullus, of
+Sallust, of the rich and powerful Crassus, and of Pompey, shew the
+delight which the old Romans took in them. One may gather this also from
+Livy; and Virgil's energy of language warmly paints the
+
+                             ----flowering pride
+   Of meads and streams that through the valleys glide.
+   A country cottage near a crystal flood,
+   A winding valley, and a lofty wood.
+
+    *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Leisure and calm in groves, and cooling vales;
+   Grottoes and babbling brooks, and darksome dales.
+
+Messaline (says a translation of Tacitus) avoit une passion extreme pour
+les jardins de Lucullus, qu'il embellisoit superbement, ajoûtant tous
+les jours quelque nouvelles beautez à cellés qu'ils avoint receuës de
+leur premier maitre.
+
+We are reminded in a magic page of our own immortal poet, of those of
+Julius Cæsar, and of
+
+                         ----_his_ walks,
+   His private arbours, and new-planted orchards,
+
+when the noble Antony invokes the Romans to
+
+             ----kiss dead Cæsar's wounds,
+   And dip their napkins in his sacred blood.
+
+Horace's incomparable lines on the happiness and delight of a country
+life, his country granges, his woods, his garden, and his grove; and
+many of the other Roman writers, abundantly shew their attachment to
+gardens, as accompaniments to their splendid villas. There was scarcely
+a romantic valley that was not crowded with their villas.
+
+Martial and Juvenal ridicule the clipped box trees, cut dragons, and
+similar grotesque fancies, at some of their villas, both admiring the
+nobler grace with which nature adorned each spot.[25]
+
+The Romans were perhaps the first who introduced that art into Britain,
+meagerly as they did introduce it. The earliest account I can find of an
+English writer on Gardening, is,
+
+Alfred, an _Englishman_, surnamed the Philosopher, much respected at
+Rome. He died 1270, and left four books on the Meteors of Aristotle;
+also one on _Vegetables_, and five on the Consolations of Boethius. We
+are not _very_ likely to discover _his_ portrait. Nor that of the
+following:--
+
+HENRY DANIEL, a Dominican friar, said to be well skilled in the natural
+philosophy and physic of his time, left a manuscript inscribed _Aaron
+Danielis_. He therein treats De re Herbaria, de Arboribus, _Fructibus_,
+&c. He flourished about the year 1379.--N. B. I have copied this article
+from Dr. Pulteney's Sketches, vol. 1, page 23.[26]
+
+I believe there are no Portraits engraved, nor perhaps yet discovered,
+of the following sixty-nine persons; at least I know of none:--
+
+
+RICHARD ARNOLDE, who in his Chronicle, printed in 1502, has a chapter on
+"The crafte of graffynge, and plantyne, and alterynge of fruyts, as well
+in colours, as in taste." The celebrated poem of the Nut-brown Maid
+first appeared in this Chronicle. Sir E. Brydges, in vol. 6 of his
+Censura Literaria, has transcribed the whole poem as it appears in
+Arnolde.
+
+
+THOMAS TUSSER, whose memory has had the felicity to merit the notice of
+Mr. Warton, in his History of English Poetry, from his having published
+his poem of "A Hundreth good Pointes of Husbandrie, imprinted at London,
+in Flete strete, within Temple barre, at the syne of the Hand and
+Starre, by Richard Totell, An. 1577." A copy of this first edition
+(probably unique) is preserved in the British Museum. A re-print of this
+singular literary rarity is given in Mr. Hazlewood's British
+Bibliographer. The subsequent editions of this curious book are
+interestingly enumerated by Mr. Mavor, in his edition of Tusser. No
+portrait I believe has been discovered of this benevolent man, whose
+good sense, impressive maxims, enlightened and philosophic turn of mind
+and feeling for the poor, shine through most pages of his poem:--
+
+   What better bed than conscience good, to pass the night with sleep,
+   What better work, than daily care, from sin thyself to keep?
+   What better thought, than think on God, and daily him to serve,
+   What better gift than to the poor, that ready be to sterve?
+
+His estimate of life is concise:--
+
+   To death we must stoop, be we high, be we low,
+   But how and how suddenly few be that know;
+   What carry we then but a sheet to the grave,
+   (To cover this carcass) of all that we have?
+
+His hospitable heart thus pleads for the desolate, during the
+festivities of Christmas, and his love of "mirth and good cheer" makes
+him not forget Harvests home:--
+
+   At Christmas, the hardness of winter doth rage,
+   A griper of all things, and specially age;
+   Then sadly poor people, the young and the old,
+   Be sorest oppressed with hunger and cold.
+
+   At Christmas, by labour there's little to get,
+   That wanting--the poorest in danger are set:
+   What season then better, of all the whole year,
+   Thy needy, poor neighbour, to comfort and cheer.
+
+   At Christmas be merry, and thankful withal,
+   And feast thy poor neighbours, the great with the small:
+   Yea all the year long, to the poor let us give,
+   God's blessing to follow us, whiles we do live.
+
+   In harvest time, harvest folk, servants and all
+   Should make, all together, good cheer in the hall;
+   And fill out the black bowl of blythe to their song,
+   And let them be merry all harvest time long.
+
+   Once ended thy harvest, let none be beguil'd,
+   Please such as did help thee--man, woman, and child,--
+   Thus doing, with alway, such help as they can,
+   Thou winnest the praise of the labouring man.
+
+   Now look up to God-ward, let tongue never cease
+   In thanking of him, for his mighty increase,
+   Accept my good will--for a proof go and try;
+   The better thou thrivest, the gladder am I.
+
+Tusser died about the year 1583, aged about sixty-five, and is buried in
+St. Mildred's church, in the Poultry. His epitaph is preserved in
+Stowe's Survey of London; and (as Mr. Mavor observes) it is perfectly in
+character with the man and his writings; and if conjecture may be
+allowed, was penned by himself:--
+
+   Here Thomas Tusser, clad in earth, doth lie,
+   Who sometime made the Points of Husbandry.
+   By him then learn thou may'st. Here learn we must,
+   When all is done, we sleep and turn to dust.
+   And yet, through Christ, to heaven we hope to go:
+   Who reads his books, shall find his faith was so.
+
+His book exhibits an authentic picture of the state of horticulture
+during the time of Mary, and Elizabeth; and, as Mr. Warton observes, his
+work "is valuable as a genuine picture of the agriculture, the rural
+arts, and the domestic oeconomy and customs of our industrious
+ancestors."
+
+Walter Blith says of him:--"As for Master Tusser, who rimeth out of his
+experience, if thou delightest therein, thou mayst find things worthy
+thy observation."
+
+Sir John Hawkins, in his History of Music, thus writes:--"The life of
+this poor man was a series of misfortunes; and is a proof of the truth
+of that saying in Holy Scripture, that 'the battle is not to the strong,
+nor the race to the swift.' As to the Points of Husbandry, it is written
+in familiar verse, and abounds with many curious particulars, that
+bespeak the manners, the customs, and the modes of living in the
+country, from the year 1520 to about half a century after; besides
+which, it discovers such a degree of oeconomical wisdom in the author,
+such a sedulous attention to the honest arts of thriving, such a general
+love of mankind, such a regard to justice, and a reverence for religion,
+that we do not only lament his misfortunes, but wonder at them; and are
+at a loss to account for his dying poor, who understood so well the
+method to become rich."
+
+From the "Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet," I
+select a small part of what that worthy man says of Tusser:--"He seems
+to have been a good-natured cheerful man, and though a lover of
+oeconomy, far from meanness, as appears in many of his precepts,
+wherein he shews his disapprobation of that pitiful spirit, which makes
+farmers starve their cattle, their land, and every thing belonging to
+them; chusing rather to lose a pound than spend a shilling. Upon the
+whole, his book displays all the qualities of a well-disposed man, as
+well as of an able farmer. He wrote in the infancy of farming, and
+therefore I shall give a full account of his practice, especially as his
+precepts will be comprised in a narrow compass, and as a sort of justice
+done to him as an original writer."
+
+Mr. Mavor observes, "The precepts of Tusser indeed are so excellent,
+that few can read them without profit and improvement; he appears to
+have possessed such a degree of pious resignation to the will of the
+Supreme, of christian charity, and of good humour, under all his
+miscarriages, that his character rises high in our esteem, independent
+of his merits as a writer. The cultivated and liberal mind of Tusser
+seems to have been ill-suited to his fortune, and to his vocation. A
+love of hospitality probably kept him from independence; yet if he was
+imprudent, we cannot help loving the man and admiring the justness of
+his sentiments on every subject connected with life and morals."
+
+Fuller, in his _Worthies of Essex_, says, "he spread his bread with all
+sorts of butter, yet none would stick thereon. Yet I hear no man to
+charge him with any vicious extravagancy, or visible carelessness,
+imputing his ill success to some occult cause in God's counsel."
+
+I am indebted, in some degree, for these several testimonies, to Mr.
+Mavor's spirited edition of this book, which he has enriched with a
+biographical sketch of Tusser, and with many interesting illustrations
+of his poem. He exhibits another instance of the private character of
+Tusser, in his concluding remarks on the last page of his work:--"The
+moral feeling and the pious resignation which breathe in the concluding
+stanzas of this poem, leave a powerful impression on the mind; and
+whatever vicissitudes in life the Editor or his Readers may experience,
+he wishes for Himself and for Them, the same philosophic and christian
+composure, on a retrospect of the past, and the anticipated view of
+futurity."
+
+Of Mr. Warton's remarks on Tusser, Mr. Mavor thus partly speaks:--"For
+the personal kindness of Warton to me, at an early period of life, I
+shall ever retain an affectionate remembrance of him, and for his genius
+and high attainments in literature, I feel all that deference and
+respect which can belong to his most enthusiastic admirers; but no man
+was less a judge of the merits of a book on Husbandry and Huswifry."
+
+Mr. Warton observes, that "Tusser's general precepts have often an
+expressive brevity, and are sometimes pointed with an epigrammatic turn,
+and smartness of allusion."
+
+In Tusser's poetical account of his own unsuccessful life,
+
+   _How through the briers my youthful years
+   Have run their race_,--
+
+how he was forced from his father's house when a little boy, and driven
+like a POSTING HORSE, being impressed to sing as a chorister, at
+Wallingford College; his miseries there, and the _stale bread_ they gave
+him; the fifty-three stripes the poor lad received at Eton, when
+learning Latin; his happy transfer to Trinity College, which to him
+seemed a removal from hell to heaven; the generosity of Lord Paget,
+
+   _Whose soul I trust is with the just_;
+
+then his
+
+                      ----_good parents dy'd
+   One after one, till both were gone,
+   Whose souls in bliss, be long ere this._
+
+His remaining ten years at court, where
+
+   _Cards and dice, with Venus' vice,
+   And peevish pride, from virtue wide,
+       With some so wraught,
+   That Tyburn play, made them away,
+       Or beggars state._
+
+His residing in _Suffolk_, as a farmer,
+
+       _To moil and toil,
+   With loss and pain, to little gain,
+       To cram Sir Knave_;
+
+his removal to near Dereham Abbey, which he left, (though stored with
+flesh and fish) from the squabbles and brawls of _lord with lord_; the
+death of the worthy Sir Richard Southwell,
+
+              ----_that jewel great,
+   Which op'd his door to rich and poor,
+   So bounteously_,--
+
+on whose decease he was left to _sink or swim_; his removal to
+Salisbury, as a singing man; thence
+
+   _With sickness worn, as one forlorn,_
+
+he removed to a parsonage house in Essex, to collect tithes, in its
+_miry ways_; his foreboding the parson's death, and foreseeing new
+charges about to be made for tithes,
+
+                ----_I spy'd, if parson died,
+   (All hope in vain) to hope for gain,
+       I might go dance;
+   Once rid my hand, of pars'nage land,
+   Hence, by-and-by, away went I
+   To London straight, to hope and wait
+       For better chance._
+
+From which place the plague drove him to Cambridge, to
+
+   _The college, best of all the rest,_
+   _With thanks to thee, O Trinity!_
+   _Through thee and thine, for me and mine,_
+         _Some stay I got._
+
+He concludes with pious resignation to God.[27]
+
+
+DIDYMUS MOUNTAIN, who, in 1571, wrote "The Gardener's Labyrinth," in
+4to. "wherein are set forth, divers knottes and mazes, cunningly handled
+for the beautifying of gardens." And in 1577 appeared a second part,
+"with the wittie ordering of other daintie hearbes, delectable flowres,
+pleasaunt fruites, and fine rootes, as the like hath not heretofore been
+vttered of any." Other editions in 4to. 1608, and in folio 1652.
+
+
+BARNABY GOOCHE published The whole art and trade of Husbandry, contained
+in foure books, _enlarged_ by Barnaby Googe, Esq. 4to. black letter,
+1578. The two later editions, in 1614 and 1631, both in black letter,
+and in 4to. are said by Weston to have been re-printed by Gervaise
+Markham. The 2nd book treats "Of Gardens, Orchards, and Woods."
+
+In the 2nd vol. of the _Censura Litt._ is some information respecting B.
+Gooche, and his epistle to the reader shews his own liberal mind: "I
+haue thought it meet (good Reader) for thy further profit and pleasure,
+to put into English, these foure Bookes of Husbandry, _collected and
+set forth_, _by Master Conrade Heresbatch_, a great and a learned
+Counceller of the Duke of _Cleues_: not thinking it reason, though I
+haue altered and increased his vvorke, _with mine owne readings and
+obseruations_, ioined with the experience of sundry my friends, to take
+from him (as diuers in the like case haue done) the honour and glory of
+his owne trauaile: Neither is it my minde, that this either his doings,
+or mine, should deface, or any wayes darken the good enterprise, or
+painfull trauailes of such our Countrymen of England, as haue
+plentifully written of this matter: but alwayes haue, and do giue them
+the reuerence and honour due to so vertuous, and well disposed
+Gentlemen, namely, _Master Fitzherbert_, and _Master Tusser_: vvhose
+vvorkes may, in my fancie, without any presumption, compare with any,
+either _Varro_, _Columella_, or _Palladius_ of _Rome_."
+
+
+SIR HUGH PLATT, "that learned and great observer," but of whom we know
+so little, was, as Mr. Weston, in his Catalogue of English Authors,
+informs us, "the most ingenious husbandman of the age he lived in: yet,
+so great was his modesty, that all his works seem to be posthumous,
+except the _Paradise of Flora_, which appeared in 1600, when it is
+probable he was living. He spent part of his time at Copt-hall, in
+Essex, or at Bishop's-hall, in Middlesex, at each of which places he had
+a country seat; but his town residence was Lincoln's Inn. He held a
+correspondence with all lovers of agriculture and gardening throughout
+England; and such was the justice and modesty of his temper, that he
+always named the author of every discovery communicated to him." In 1606
+he had a garden in St. Martin's Lane. A list of his works appears in the
+late Dr. Watts's most laborious work, the Bibl. Brit. in 4 vols. 4to. In
+his "Floraes Paradise, beautified and adorned with sundry sorts of
+delicate fruites and flowers, to be sold in Paule's church-yard, at the
+signe of the Holy Ghost, 1608," 12mo. he thus concludes his address to
+the studious and well affected reader:--"_And thus, gentle Reader,
+hauing acquainted thee with my long, costly, and laborious Collections,
+not written at adventure, or by an imaginary conceit in a Scholler's
+priuate Studie, but wrung out of the earth, by the painfull hand of
+experience: and hauing also giuen thee a touch of Nature, whom no man as
+yet euer durst send naked into the worlde without her veyle; and
+expecting, by thy good entertainement of these, some encouragement for
+higher and deeper discoueries heereafter, I leaue thee to the God of
+Nature, from whom all the true light of Nature proceedeth._
+Bednall-greene, _neere London_, _this 2 of July, 1608_."
+
+In his chapter of "An offer of some new, rare, and profitable
+Inventions," after speaking of "the most rare and peerless plant of all
+the rest, I meane the grape," he mentions the wholesomeness of the wine
+he then made from his garden at _Bednall-greene_, _neere London_:--"And
+if any exception shold be taken against the race and delicacie of them,
+I am content to submit them to the censure of the best mouthes, that
+professe any true skill in the iudgement of high country wines: although
+for their better credit herein, I could bring in the French Embassador,
+who (now almost two yeeres since, comming to my house of purpose to tast
+these wines) gaue this sentence vpon them; that he neuer drank any
+better nevv Wine in France. And _Sir Francis Vere_, that martiall
+Mirrour of our times, who is seldom or never without a cup of excellent
+wine, at his table, assured me that he neuer dranke the like vnto mine,
+but once, and that in France. So that now mee thinks I begin to growe
+somewhat strong in my supporters; and therefore I make some doubt,
+whether I shall need to bring in that renowned Lady _Arabella_, the
+Countesse of _Cumberland_, the Lady _Anne Clifford_, the Lady
+_Hastings_, the Lady _Candish_, and most of the Maides of Honour, with
+diuers Lordes, Knights, and Gentlemen of good worth, that haue generally
+applauded the same; or leaue it heere to worke out his owne credit in
+his due time, because it is rich, and of a strong boiling nature."
+
+In his chapter of "Secrets in the ordering of Trees and Plants," he
+alludes to a gardener of the name of Maister _Andrew Hill_, or to his
+garden, no less than twenty-three times; and frequently to one of the
+name of Maister _Pointer_,[28] _of Twickenham_. Also to one of the name
+of _Colborne_; and to a parson _Simson_. He thus concludes this
+chapter:--"Heere I will conclude with a pretty conceit of that delicate
+knight, Sir _Francis Carew_; who, for the better accomplishment of his
+royall entertainemét of our late Queene of happy memory, at his house at
+_Beddington_, led her Maiestie to a Cherrie tree, whose fruite hee had
+of purpose kept backe from ripening, at the least one month after all
+Cherries had taken their farewell of England. This secret he performed,
+by straining a Tent or cover of canvas ouer the whole tree, and wetting
+the same now and then with a scoope or horne, as the heate of the
+weather required; and so, by with-holding the sunne-beames from
+reflecting vppon the berries, they grew both great, and were very long
+before they had gotten their perfect cherrie-colour: and when hee was
+assured of her Maiesties comming, he remoued the Tent, and a few sunny
+daies brought them to their full maturitie."
+
+In the 2nd vol. of _Censura Litt._ is some information respecting Sir
+Hugh.
+
+
+GABRIEL PLATTES, who (Harte says) "had a bold, adventurous cast of
+mind." The author of "Herefordshire Orchards," calls him "a singular
+honest man." Mr. Weston says, "This author may be considered as an
+original genius in husbandry. This ingenious writer, whose labours were
+productive of plenty and riches to others, was so destitute of the
+common necessaries of life, as to perish with hunger and misery. He was
+found dead in the streets, without a shirt to cover him, to the eternal
+disgrace of the government he lived under. He bequeathed his papers to
+S. Hartlib, whom a contemporary author addresses in this manner: 'none
+(but yourself, who wants not an enlarged heart, but a fuller hand to
+supply the world's defect,) being found, with some few others, to
+administer any relief to a man of so great merit.' Another friend of
+Hartlib's, gives Plattes the following character: 'certainly that man
+had as excellent a genius in agriculture, as any that ever lived in this
+nation before him, and was the most faithful seeker of his ungrateful
+country's good. I never think of the great judgement, pure zeal, and
+faithful intentions of that man, and withal of his strange sufferings,
+and manner of death, but am struck with amazement, that such a man
+should be suffered to fall down dead in the streets for want of food,
+whose studies tended in no less than providing and preserving food for
+whole nations, and that with as much skill and industry, so without
+pride or arrogance towards God or man.'--A list of his many works
+appears in Watts's Bibl. Brit. and also in Weston's intelligent
+Catalogue; and much information is given of Plattes in vol. 2 of the
+Censura Litteraria. Two of his works appear to be,
+
+     1. Treatise of Husbandry; 1633, 4to.
+
+     2. Discourse of Infinite Treasure, hidden since the World's
+     beginning, in the way of Husbandry; 1632, 1653, 1656, 4to.[29]
+
+
+WILLIAM LAWSON published in 1597, A New Orchard and Garden, in 4to.
+Other editions, in 4to., in 1623, and 1626. His singular assertions are
+treated with great candor by the author of _Herefordshire
+Orchards_,--"for I thought I found many signs of honesty and integrity
+in the man, a sound, clear, natural wit."
+
+SIMON HARWARD published in 1597, a Treatise on the Art of propagating
+Vegetables; and annexed it to Lawson's New Orchard and Garden,
+
+THOMAS JOHNSON, the learned editor of the enlarged and valuable edition
+of Gerarde. Wood calls him "the best herbalist of his time." Mr.
+Weston, in his Catalogue, relates with great pleasure, the sanguine and
+interesting tours which Mr. Johnson, and some friends, made in various
+counties, to examine the native botanical beauties of his own country.
+
+Wood further informs us, that at the siege of Basinghouse, "he
+received a shot in the shoulder, of which he died in a fortnight after;
+at which time his work did justly challenge funeral tears; being then no
+less eminent in the garrison for his valour and conduct as a soldier,
+than famous through the kingdom for his excellency as an herbalist and
+physician." I have given in a note below, his approbation of Parkinson's
+work, merely to shew Mr. Johnson's liberal mind.[30]
+
+RALPH AUSTEN, published his Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner
+of Grafting, Planting, &c. with the spiritual use of an Orchard, or
+Garden, in divers similitudes. _Oxford_, 1653 and 1657, 4to. He appears
+to have lived and died at Oxford. He dedicates it to his friend S.
+Hartlib, Esq. Worlidge says, that in this treatise Austen hath "very
+copiously set forth the high applauses, dignities, advantages, and
+variety of pleasures and contents, in the planting and enjoyment of
+fruit trees."
+
+
+FRANCIS AUSTEN, published in 1631, Observations on Sir Francis Bacon's
+Natural History, so far as concerns Fruit trees, 4to. Another edition,
+4to., 1657.
+
+
+JOHN BONFEIL, published Instructions how to Plant and Dress Vines, &c.
+and to make Wine, &c. Printed with his Art of making Silk, 4to., 1622.
+
+
+STEPHEN BLAKE, published in 1664, The complete Gardener's Practice, 4to.
+
+
+WILLIAM HUGHES published
+
+     1, The complete Vineyard, 8vo. 1670, and 1683.
+
+     2, The American Physician, or a Treatise of the Roots, Plants, &c.
+     growing in the English Plantations; 12mo. 1672.
+
+     3, The Flower Garden, 12mo. 1672 and 1734.
+
+
+SAMUEL HARTLIB, ESQ. published Sir Richard Weston's "Discourse of
+Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders, shewing the wonderful
+improvement of land there, and serving as a pattern for our practice in
+this Commonwealth." _Lond._ 1645, 4to. 24 pages. Mr. Weston, in his
+interesting Catalogue, says, "It is remarked in the Phil. Trans. that
+England has profited in agriculture to the amount of many millions, in
+consequence of the Flanders husbandry having been made known by this
+little treatise. In another edition (I believe 1655) Hartlib, in order
+to enlarge, and better explain it, annexed Dr. Beatie's Annotations to
+it." Mr. Hartlib also published,
+
+     1, Legacie; or an Enlargement of the Discourse of Husbandry; 4to.
+     1650. A second edition in 1651, and a third in 1655.
+
+     2, Concerning the Defects and Remedies of English Husbandry, in a
+     letter to Dr. Beale; 4to. 1651.
+
+     3, A Designe for Plentie, by an universall planting of
+     _Fruit-trees_; tendered by some Well-wishers to the Public. _Lond._
+     without date, but probably (as Mr. Loudon observes) 1652, 4to.
+     "Published by Hartlib, who had the MS. from the Hon. Colonel John
+     Barkstead, Lieutenant of the Tower. The author was an aged minister
+     of the Gospel, at Lovingland, near Yarmouth."
+
+     4, The Commonwealth of Bees, 1657.
+
+Mr. Weston gives much information respecting Mr. Hartlib. I select only
+the following:--
+
+"He was a German gentleman by birth, a great promoter of husbandry
+during the times of the commonwealth, and much esteemed by all ingenious
+men in those days, particularly by Milton, who addressed to him his
+Treatise on Education; Sir William Petty also inscribed two letters to
+him on the same subject. _Lond._ 4to. 1647 and 1648. Cromwell, who was a
+great favourer of agriculture, in consequence of this admirable
+performance, allowed Hartlib a pension of £100. a year; and Hartlib
+afterwards, the better to fulfil the intentions of his benefactor,
+procured Dr. Beatie's excellent annotations on the Legacy, with other
+valuable pieces from his numerous correspondents. This famous work,
+attributed to Hartlib, and called the Legacy, was only drawn up at his
+request, and, passing through his correction and revision, was published
+by him." His name will ever stand honoured, from Milton having
+dedicated his _Tractate on Education_ to him, and from his having, in
+this tract, painted with affection, and with warm and high colours, the
+character of Mr. Hartlib.[31]
+
+Dr. JOHN BEALE, author of that celebrated little tract, the
+"Herefordshire Orchards, a pattern for the whole of England." _London_
+1657, 12mo.; 1724, 8vo. He addresses this to Mr. Hartlib, and thus
+commences it:--"Your industrious endeavours for the benefit of all men,
+and particularly for the good of this nation, hath well deserved the
+grateful acknowledgement of all good men, and of my self in special; for
+that in my rural retirement I have received some profit, and very much
+innocent and refreshing delights in the perusal of those treatises,
+which are by your diligent hand communicated to the publick." He thus
+affectionately concludes it:--"I briefly hint unto you what esteem we do
+truly owe unto your labours. I pray the Lord to remember your diligence
+in the great day of his appearance in glory. Your hearty well-wisher."
+In vol. 6 of the works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, are many letters
+from Dr. Beale. That dated Oct. 26, strongly paints his attachment to
+the fruits of Herefordshire, or whatever may tend to the benefit of that
+his native county. Mr. Boyle says of him, "There is not in life, a man
+in this whole island, nor on the continents beyond the seas, that could
+be made more universally useful to do good to all." And Mr. Gough, in
+his Topography, records the benefits he conferred on that county. Such a
+testimony as the above, from such a man as Mr. Boyle, is, indeed,
+honourable. The learned Boerhaave tells us who Mr. Boyle was: "Boyle,
+the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to the genius and
+enquiries of the great Verulam. Which of all Boyle's writings shall I
+recommend? All of them. To him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water,
+animals, vegetables, fossils, so that from his works may be reduced the
+whole system of natural knowledge." His charities amounted to £1000.
+annually. Dr. Beale resided chiefly at Hereford, (1660) when he was made
+Rector of Yeovil, Somersetshire, where he died in 1683, at the age of
+eighty. His other works are enumerated in Mr. Loudon's Encyclopædia of
+Gardening. Mr. Evelyn, in the greatest of his works, (his Sylva,) adds
+to it Dr. Beale's advertisement concerning Cyder.
+
+William Brome, a principal ornament of Christ Church, a native of
+Herefordshire, and who afterwards lived in retirement at Ewithington, in
+that county, "formed the plan (says the late Mr. Dunster in his edition
+of Phillips's Cyder) of writing the Provincial History of his native
+county, a work for which he was eminently qualified, not only by his
+great and general learning, but as being particularly an excellent
+naturalist and antiquary. After having made a considerable progress, he
+abandoned his design, and, which is still more to be lamented, destroyed
+the valuable materials which he had collected." I merely introduce this
+to state, that from Mr. Brome, much information, in all likelihood,
+might have been gathered respecting Dr. Beale. We have to regret, that
+time and mortality, have now obliterated every fading trace of
+contemporary recollection of a man, who, in his day, was so highly
+esteemed.[32]
+
+ROBERT SHARROCK, Archdeacon of Winchester, and Rector of Bishop's
+Waltham, and of Horewood. Wood, in his Athenæ, says, "he was accounted
+learned in divinity, in the civil and common law, and very knowing in
+vegetables, and all appertaining thereunto. He published The History of
+the Propagation and Improvement of Vegetables, by the concurrence of art
+and nature. _Oxford_, 1660, 8vo., and 1672, 8vo.: an account of which
+book you may see in the Phil. Trans. No. 84, page 5002." He also
+published Improvements to the Art of Gardening; or an exact Treatise on
+Plants. _London_, 1694; folio. This must have been a posthumous work, as
+he died in 1684.
+
+---- ILIFFE, in 1670, published in 12mo. The compleat Vineyard.
+
+JOHN REA, the author of "Flora, Ceres, and Pomona." It is enriched by a
+frontispiece engraved by D. Loggan. He dedicates the above folio, in
+1665, to Lord Gerard, of Gerard's Bromley. His lordship, it seems, about
+that time, determined to erect that noble mansion, which Plot has given
+us a plate of; and Rea, in this folio, enumerates those plants, fruits,
+and flowers, which he thinks this then-intended garden ought to be
+furnished with; and a small bit, or a piece or parcel, of which once
+most sumptuous garden, Plot gives us. "Altho' (says Rea) our country
+cannot boast the benignity of that beautiful planet which meliorates
+their fruit in Italy, France, and Spain; yet, by reflection from good
+walks, well gravelled walks, the choice of fit kinds, we may plentifully
+partake the pleasure, and yearly enjoy the benefit, of many delicious
+fruits: as also the admiration and delight in the infinite varieties of
+elegant forms, various colours, and numerous kinds of noble plants, and
+beautiful flowers, some whereof have been heretofore handled by a
+renowned person of your name; but since his time, nature hath discovered
+many new varieties, not known to former ages, as I hope shortly will
+appear in your own collections, gloriously adorning your spacious
+garden, which I wish may correspond, both in fashion and furniture, with
+that noble structure to which it appertaineth. Accept then, my honoured
+lord, this humble offering, which may possibly live to do you service,
+when I am dust and ashes, and, according to my highest ambition, remain
+as a testimony of my sincerest gratitude for the many favours I have
+received from your honour, your most accomplished lady, and that noble
+family from whence she is descended. I should here add my prayers for
+your honour's preservation, did I not reserve them for my morning
+sacrifice, daily to be presented to the immortal deities by him that
+is, your most humble and most devoted servant, John Rea." He addresses
+also a long poem to Lady Gerard, on Flora inviting her to walk in this
+garden, in which he celebrates her "bright beauty."
+
+   Self-loved _Narcissus_, if he look
+   On your fair eyes, will leave the brook,
+   And undeceived, soon will rue
+   He ever any loved but you.
+   If to the _hyacinth_ you turn,
+   He smiles, and quite forgets to mourn.
+   The enamoured _heliotrope_ will run
+   To your bright stars, and leave the sun.
+   Our _lilies_ here do make no show,
+   They whiter on your bosom grow,
+   And _violets_ appear but stains,
+   Compared with your bluer veins.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   New-blown buds, all scents excelling,
+   As you pass by, invite your smelling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Mark the glorious _tulips_ rise
+   In various dress, to take your eyes,
+   And how the fairest and all the rest
+   Strive which shall triumph on your breast.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Thus your rich beauty and rare parts
+   Excel all flowers, exceed all arts.
+   Live then, sweet lady, to inherit
+   Your father's fortune, and his spirit,
+   Your mother's face and virtuous mind.[33]
+
+Throughout this long poem, John Rea's warmth much exceeds that of the
+most romantic lovers. One of the latter only observes, that the flowers
+courted the tread of his fair one's foot; that the sky grew more
+beautiful in her presence, and that the atmosphere borrowed new
+splendour from her eyes. Rea's passion seems even warmer than this. In
+his address to the reader, he says, "I have continued my affection to
+this honest recreation, without companion or encouragement; and now in
+my old age, (wearied and weaned from other delights) find myself more
+happy in this retired solitude, than in all the bustles and busie
+employments of my passed days." He thus concludes his book:--
+
+              ---- this is all I crave:
+   Some gentle hand with flowers may strew my grave,
+   And with one sprig of bays my herse befriend,
+   When as my life, as now my book, doth end.
+
+   Laus Deo.
+
+Rea gives us also another very long poem, being that of "Flora to the
+Ladies," which he thus concludes:--
+
+   Silent as flow'rs may you in virtues grow,
+   Till rip'ning time shall make you fit to blow,
+   Then flourish long, and seeding leave behind
+   A numerous offspring of your dainty kind;
+   And when fate calls, have nothing to repent,
+   But die like flow'rs, virtuous and innocent.
+   Then all your fellow flow'rs, both fair and sweet,
+   Will come, with tears, to deck your winding-sheet;
+   Hang down their pensive heads so dew'd, and crave
+   To be transplanted to your perfum'd grave.
+
+These love poems seem all to have been written in his old age; and that
+passion causes him thus to open his first book:--"Love was the inventor,
+and is still the maintainer, of every noble science. It is chiefly that
+which hath made my flowers and trees to flourish, though planted in a
+barren desert, and hath brought me to the knowledge I now have in plants
+and planting; for indeed it is impossible for any man to have any
+considerable collection of plants to prosper, unless he love them: for
+neither the goodness of the soil, nor the advantage of the situation,
+will do it, without the master's affection; it is that which renders
+them strong and vigorous; without which they will languish and decay
+through neglect, and soon cease to do him service. I have seen many
+gardens of the new model, in the hands of unskilful persons, with good
+walls, walks and grass-plots; but in the most essential adornments so
+deficient, that a green meadow is a more delightful object; there nature
+alone, without the aid of art, spreads her verdant carpets,
+spontaneously embroidered with many pretty plants and pleasing flowers,
+far more inviting than such an immured nothing. And as noble fountains,
+grottoes, statues, &c. are excellent ornaments and marks of
+magnificence, so all such dead works in gardens, ill done, are little
+better than blocks in the way to intercept the sight, but not at all to
+satisfy the understanding. A choice collection of living beauties, rare
+plants, flowers and fruits, are indeed the wealth, glory, and delight of
+a garden." He seems enamoured with tulips. He describes no less than one
+hundred and ninety different sorts. He calls them "Flora's choicest
+jewels, and the most glorious ornaments of the best gardens. Such is
+their rarity and excellence, and so numerous are the varieties, that it
+is not possible any one person in the world should be able to express,
+or comprehend the half of them, every new spring discovering many new
+diversities never before observed, either arising from the seeds of some
+choice kinds, the altering of off-sets, or by the busy and secret
+working of nature upon several self-colours, in different soils and
+situations, together with the help of art."[34] Switzer says, "the
+practical and plain method in which he has delivered his precepts, are
+admirable." There is a second edition of the Flora, _with additions_.
+What these are, I know not; unless they are the cuts of parterres, which
+were omitted in the first edition. There is an edition in 1696.
+
+
+JOHN WORLIDGE published his Systema Agriculturæ in folio, 1668; second
+edition in 1675, folio: fourth edition in 1687, folio. An octavo edition
+1716, with its English title of "A compleat System of Husbandry and
+Gardening, or the Gentleman's Companion in the Business and Pleasures of
+a Country life." In the preface to this, and indeed throughout all his
+works, we may trace his fondness for gardens. The great variety of rural
+subjects treated on in this book, may be seen in its Index, or full
+Analysis. In his second section "Of the profits and pleasures of
+fruit-trees," he strongly enforces the planting of vineyards.
+
+His Systema Horticulturæ, or the Art of Gardening, was published in
+1677, 8vo.; a third edition 1688; a fourth edition 1719.
+
+Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise on Cyder, and other Wines and Drinks,
+extracted from Fruits: to which is added, a Discourse on Bees; 8vo.,
+_second impression, much enlarged_, 1678. He therein thus paints the
+pleasures of a garden:--"The exercises of planting, grafting, pruning,
+and walking in them, very much tendeth to salubrity, as also doth the
+wholesome airs found in them, which have been experienced not only to
+cure several distempers incident to our nature, but to tend towards the
+prolongation of life. For nothing can be more available to health and
+long life, than a sedate quiet mind, attended with these rural delights,
+a healthful air, and moderate exercise, which may here be found in all
+seasons of the year."
+
+He also published, The Second Parts of Systema Agriculturæ, 8vo. 1689.
+
+The Second Part of Vinetum Britannicum, 8vo. 1689. This is usually bound
+with the above.
+
+His attachment to whatever concerns a rural life, shines through most of
+his pages. Take the few following for a specimen:--
+
+In his description of the month of _April_, he says, "In this month your
+garden appears in its greatest beauty, the blossoms of the fruit-trees
+prognosticate the plenty of fruits for all the succeeding summer months,
+unless prevented by untimely frosts or blights. The bees now buz in
+every corner of your garden to seek for food; the birds sing in every
+bush, and the sweet nightingale tunes her warbling notes in your
+solitary walks, whilst the other birds are at their rest. The beasts of
+the woods look out into the plains, and the fishes of the deep sport
+themselves in the shallow waters. The air is wholesome, and the earth
+pleasant, beginning now to be cloathed in nature's best array, exceeding
+all art's glory. This is the time that whets the wits of several nations
+to prove their own country to have been the _Garden of Eden_, or the
+terrestrial paradise, however it appears all the year besides. In case
+unseasonable weather hinders not, the pleasantness and salubrity of the
+air now tempts the sound to the free enjoyment of it, rather than to
+enjoy the pleasures of _Bacchus_ in a smoaky corner." In his month of
+_May_, he says, "He that delights not in physick, let him now exercise
+himself in the _garden_, and take the smell of the earth with the rising
+sun, than which to the virtuously inclined, there is nothing more
+pleasant; for now is nature herself full of mirth, and the senses stored
+with delights, and variety of pleasures." His month of _July_ thus
+recommends itself: "Grotts and shady groves are more seasonable to
+recreate yourself in than the open air, unless it be late in the
+evening, or early in the morning, to such that can afford time to take a
+nap after noon."
+
+In his Syst. Hort. he observes, that "A fair stream or current flowing
+through or near your _garden_, adds much to the glory and pleasure of
+it: on the banks of it you may plant several aquatick exoticks, and have
+your seats or places of repose under their umbrage, and there satiate
+yourself with the view of the curling streams, and its nimble
+inhabitants. These gliding streams refrigerate the air in a summer
+evening, and render their banks so pleasant, that they become resistless
+charms to your senses, by the murmuring noise, the undulation of the
+water, the verdant banks and shades over them, the sporting fish
+confined within your own limits, the beautiful swans; and by the
+pleasant notes of singing birds, that delight in groves, on the banks of
+such rivulets."[35]
+
+And in his preface to this last work, he says, "My principal design
+being not only to excite or animate such as have fair estates, and
+pleasant seats in the country, to adorn and beautifie them; but to
+encourage the honest and plain countryman in the improvement of his
+Ville, by enlarging the bounds and limits of his _Gardens_, as well as
+his _Orchards_, for the encrease of such esculent plants as may be
+useful and beneficial to himself and his neighbors."
+
+
+FRANCIS DROPE, B. D., who died at Oxford, and whose father was Vicar of
+Cumner, in Berkshire. Wood, in his Athenæ, says, "he hath written on a
+subject which he much delighted in, and wherein he spent much time, but
+which was not published till his death: A short and sure guide to the
+practice of raising, and ordering of fruit trees, _Oxford_, 1672, 12mo.,
+a large and laudable account of which you may see in the Phil. Trans.
+No. 86, p. 10, 49."
+
+
+MOSES COOKE, Gardener to the Earl of Essex, at Cashiobury, afterwards a
+partner with Lucre, Field and London, in the Brompton Park Nursery. He
+wrote "The Art of making Cyder," published in Mr. Evelyn's works. The
+manner of raising Forest Trees, 4to. 1696. Other editions in 8vo. in
+1717, 1724, and 1770. Mr. Evelyn (speaking of Cashiobury) says, "The
+gardens are very rare, and cannot be otherwise, having so skilful an
+artist to govern them as Cooke." Moses Cooke, in his preface, justly
+says, "Planting and Gardening add much to the health and content of man;
+and these two jewels no man that well understands himself, would
+willingly be without; for it is not only set down for a certain truth by
+many wise men, but confirmed by experience. The learned Lord Bacon
+commends the following of the plough in fresh ground, to be very
+healthful for man; but more, the digging in gardens." His pages, here
+and there, record some of "the fine stately trees that we have growing
+in the woods at Cashiobury." Cooke unfortunately fancied himself a poet;
+but gratitude to his noble master, and loyalty to his king, seem to have
+been the motives of his inspiration. "One night (methought) walking up
+one of my Lord's lime-walks, I heard the grateful trees thus paying the
+tribute of their thanks to his lordship:--
+
+   Like pyramids our stately tops we'll raise,
+   To sing our noble benefactor's praise;
+   Freshly we will to after-ages show
+   What noble Essex did on us bestow:
+   For we our very being owe to him,
+   Or else we had long since intombed been
+   In crop of bird, or in beast's belly found,
+   Or met our death neglected on the ground.
+   By him we cherish'd were with dung and spade,
+   For which we'll recompense him with our shade.
+   And since his kindness saw us prun'd so well,
+   We will requite him with our fragrant smell;
+   In winter (as in gratitude is meet)
+   We'll strew our humble leaves beneath his feet.
+   Nay, in each tree, root, trunk, branch, all will be
+   Proud to serve him and his posterity."
+
+And he thus invokes the stately oak, after enumerating many of the rich
+commodities which this tree bears through our Thames:--
+
+   Of silks and satins fine, to clothe the back;
+   Of wines, Italian, French, and Spanish sack.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   'T was faithful oak preserved our king, that we
+   Might thence learn lessons of true loyalty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   When in salt seas Sir Francis Drake did steer,
+   Sailing in oak he say'd one day i'th'year.
+   His oak, which the terrestrial globe did measure,
+   Through dangers led him t' honour, profit, pleasure.
+   No wood like oak that grows upon the ground,
+   To make our house and ships last long and sound;
+   No oak like ours: by love to oak let's then
+   Appear true subjects, and right Englishmen.
+
+
+ANTHONY LAWRENCE published in 4to. 1677, Nurseries, Orchards, Profitable
+Gardens, and Vineyards Encouraged.
+
+
+JOHN READ, "one of the earliest Scotch gardening writers." He wrote "The
+Scotch Gardener," 1683, 4to. An Edinburgh edition in 8vo. 1766; to which
+is added, a short Treatise of Forest Trees, by the Earl of Haddington.
+
+
+J. GIBSON, who wrote A Short Account of several Gardens near London, as
+viewed in 1681, in vol. xii of the Archæologia.
+
+
+T. LANGFORD wrote Plain and Full Instructions to raise all sorts of
+Fruit Trees that prosper in England; with Directions for making Liquors
+of all sorts of Fruits; 8vo. 1681. To the second edition, in 1696, is
+prefixed a very handsome epistle from Mr. Evelyn, in which he says, "As
+I know nothing extant that exceeds it, so nor do I of any thing which
+needs be added to it." Also,
+
+The Practical Planter of Fruit Trees; 8vo. 1681. Also, Systemæ
+Agriculturæ, being the Mystery of Husbandry Discovered; folio, 1681.
+
+
+LEONARD MEAGER'S Portrait perhaps we may not be very desirous to
+discover, when he tells his readers, neither to "sow, plant, nor graft,
+or meddle with any thing relating to gardening, when the sun or moon is
+eclipsed, or on that day, nor when the moon is afflicted by either of
+the unfortunate planets, viz. Mars or Saturn."[36] His English Gardner,
+in 4to. with cuts, came out in 1683; the ninth edition came out in 1699,
+4to.; it contains several clearly pointed plates of knots, or parterres.
+
+Meager also published The New Art of Gardening, with the Gardener's
+Almanack; 8vo. 1697; and
+
+The Mystery of Husbandry; 12mo. 1699.
+
+The many editions that came out of Meager's English Gardner,
+sufficiently shews the estimation in which his book was held.
+
+GEORGE LONDON and HENRY WISE, so eminent in their day, that, as a
+contemporary says, "If the stock of their nurseries at Brompton Park,
+were valued at one penny a plant, the amount would exceed £40,000. Mr.
+Evelyn declares, that we may place the above nursery above the greatest
+works of that kind ever seen or heard of, either in books or travels."
+Mr. Evelyn again calls it "that vast ample collection which I have
+lately seen, and well considered, at Brompton Park; the very sight of
+which alone, gives an idea of something that is greater than I can well
+express. One needs no more than to take a walk to Brompton Park, (on a
+fair morning) to behold and admire what a magazine these industrious men
+have provided." The Rev. John Laurence, in his Clergyman's Recreation,
+willingly attests their skill, integrity, and reputation, "so well
+established amongst the nobility and gentry."
+
+Mr. London's grateful apprentice, Switzer, thus affectionately and
+zealously records them in his History of Gardening, prefixed to his
+Iconologia:--"But now let us look amongst the nobility and gentry, which
+at this time were every where busied in making and adorning their
+gardens and plantations. To enumerate and set down the history of
+gardening in its several particulars in this reign, would require a
+volume of itself, but will be for the most part summed up in the person
+and character of _George London, Esq._ Superintendent of their Majesties
+gardens, and Director-General of most of the gardens and plantations of
+Great Britain. I am not well enough informed, neither is it material I
+should go back to the birth and education of this eminent gardener; his
+industry and natural parts soon and sufficiently recommended him to the
+nobility and gentry, that he was _courted and caressed by all_; so true
+it is, _That the gifts of nature are much more valuable than those of
+original birth and fortune, or even learning itself_. And to the eternal
+honour of the present age be it spoken, never was virtue, laudable
+industry, nor art more encouraged, of which the person we are here
+speaking of is an undeniable instance. I shall content myself therefore
+to find him under the care and instruction of Mr. _Rose_ (whose
+character has been already drawn). The early and vigorous appearances he
+made in business were soon discovered by his master, who spared no
+pains, nor hindered him of any liberty, whereby he might improve
+himself. After he had been with him about four or five years, he sent
+him (if I am right informed) into France, the great seat of learning at
+that time in the world, especially in the errand he went about. Soon
+after he returned, he was preferred to the Bishop of London's service
+before-mentioned; and, in a few years more, he (with his associates)
+entered on that great undertaking of Brompton Park; and upon the
+Revolution, was made superintendant of all their Majesties gardens, for
+which he had £200. a year, and a Page of the Back Stairs to Queen Mary.
+Mr. London and Mr. Wise being joined partners, and thus, as it were,
+both possessed of the royal favour, and the purses of the king, queen,
+and nobility, left no stone unturned to carry on their designs. Soon
+after the peace of Reswyck, Mr. London took another journey into France,
+with the Right Honourable the Earl of Portland, that was sent, by King
+William, Ambassador-Extraordinary on that occasion; and then it was that
+he made those observations on the fruit gardens at Versailles, which are
+published in the preface to their abridgement. After the death of the
+Queen, and not many years after her the King, their royal successor,
+Queen Anne, of pious memory, committed the care of her gardens in chief
+to Mr. Wise, Mr. London still pursuing his business in the country. It
+will perhaps be hardly believed in time to come, that this one person
+actually saw and gave directions once or twice a year in most of the
+noblemen's and gentlemen's gardens in England. And since it was common
+for him to ride fifty or sixty miles in a day, he made his northern
+circuit in five or six weeks, and sometimes less; and his western in as
+little time; as for the south and east, they were but three or four
+days' work for him; most times twice a year visiting all the country
+seats, conversing with gentlemen, and forwarding the business of
+gardening in such a degree as is almost impossible to describe. In the
+mean time his colleague managed matters nearer home with a dexterity and
+care equal to his character; and in truth they have deserved so much of
+the world, that it is but common justice to transmit their memory to
+ages to come. To speak more particularly of the knowledge Mr. London was
+supposed to be master of in this matter, the little opportunity he had
+in laying a foundation of learning, was, without doubt, a great
+obstruction to his progress in occult philosophy, which is involved in
+so many hard terms; this, nevertheless, he overcame purely by industry;
+and what he wanted in one, he abounded with in the other. He was
+perfectly well skilled in fruit, which seemed to be his master-piece; as
+for other parts, as greens, trees, flowers, exoticks, and the like, he
+certainly had as much knowledge as any one man living; and though he
+might not come up to the highest pitch of design always, yet that might
+be attributed to the haste he was generally in; and it can be no great
+blemish to his character, that he was not the greatest person in every
+thing, when it is surprising to find he could possibly know so much; so
+great a surprise indeed, that we must hardly ever expect his equal, much
+less any one that will exceed him. The planting and raising of all sorts
+of trees is so much due to this undertaking, that it will be hard for
+any of posterity to lay their hands on a tree in any of these kingdoms,
+that have not been a part of their care. Mr. London, by his great
+fatigues in heat and cold, notwithstanding naturally of a healthy,
+strong constitution, was at last seized with an illness, which carried
+him off after a few months' sickness. I shall take no other notice of
+him than what relates to my purpose in gardening, in which he has left a
+laudable example to all that shall have the encouragement to enter, and
+the courage and strength to perform what he did. He died towards
+Christmas in the year 1713."
+
+In the preface to his Iconologia, he again mentions them:--"Had their
+leisure been equal to their experience, the world might from them have
+reasonably expected the compleatest System of Gardening that any age or
+country has produced. It is to them we owe most of those valuable
+precepts in gardening now in use, and their memory ought to be
+transmitted to posterity, with the same care as those of the greatest
+and most laborious philosophers and heroes, who by their writing and
+practice have deserved so well of the world."
+
+He again mentions his old master, Mr. London:--"In fine, he was the
+person that refined the business and pleasure of kitchen and fruit
+gardens to a pitch beyond what was ever till that time seen, and more
+than was thought possible for one man ever to do; and (till the
+succession of two eminent persons in these kingdoms, who have very much
+outstript him) has not had his fellow in any century that history gives
+us account of."
+
+Switzer, speaking of Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, says, "He was a
+great encourager of Mr. London, and probably very much assisted him in
+his great designs. This reverend father was one of the first that
+encouraged the importation, raising and increase of exoticks, in which
+he was the most curious man in that time, or perhaps will be in any
+age. He had above one thousand species of exotick plants in his stoves
+and gardens."
+
+No monument has, I believe, been erected to Mr. London's memory,
+deservedly eminent and esteemed as he was in his day, _courted and
+caressed by all_, nor can I find out even where he was born or buried.
+If one could obtain a resemblance of him, one hopes his Picture, or his
+Bust, may not deserve the censure of our noble poet:
+
+   What is the end of fame? 'tis but to fill
+   A certain portion of uncertain paper;
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   To have, when the original is dust,
+   A name, a wretched _picture_, and worse _bust_.[37]
+
+The two following works were published by them:--
+
+The Complete Gardener, &c. by Mons. de la Quintinye. Now compendiously
+abridged, and made of more use; with very considerable Improvements. By
+George London and Henry Wise. To which is prefixed, An Address to the
+Nobility and Gentry, by J. Evelyn, Esq.; folio, 1693; octavo, 1699,
+1717. Seventh edition in 1719. There is a curious plate of a garden
+prefixed, and two neat ones at page 22. There are also other cuts. Mr.
+Evelyn wrote this Address purposely to recommend their "extraordinary
+and rare industry." And he also wrote the Preliminary Discourse to that
+part which relates to Fruit-trees, wherein he thus breaks out:--"Let us
+but take a turn or two in a well-contrived and planted garden; and see
+what a surprising scene presents itself in the vernal bloom, diffusing
+its fragrant and odoriferous wafts, with their ravishing sweets; the
+tender blossoms curiously enamelled; the variously-figured shapes of the
+verdant foliage, dancing about, and immantling the laden branches of the
+choicest fruit; some hiding their blushing cheeks; others displaying
+their beauties, and even courting the eye to admire; others the hand to
+gather, and all of them to taste their delicious pulps. Can any thing be
+more delightful, than to behold an ample square (in a benign aspect)
+tapestried and adorned with such a glorious embroidery of festoons, and
+fruitages, depending from the yielding boughs, pregnant with their
+offspring, and pouring forth their plenty and store, as out of so many
+Amalthean horns? Some tinctured with the loveliest white and red; others
+an azurine-purple; others striped with an incarnadine, as over a tissue
+of vegetable gold. Colours of an oriency, that mock the pencil of the
+most exquisite artist; and with which their native beauty, perfume,
+fragrancy, and taste, gratify and entertain more senses at once, than
+does any sublunary object in all unvitiated nature besides."
+
+Their other Work was thus announced in one of the original numbers of
+the Spectator, which came out in small folio weekly numbers, and a
+portion of each number was appropriated to advertisements. It was thus
+advertised in that of May 5th, 1711:--"The Retired Gardener. Vol. i.
+Being a Translation of Le Jardinier Solitaire; or, Dialogues between a
+Gentleman and a Gardener: containing the methods of making, ordering,
+and improving a fruit and kitchen garden; together with the manner of
+planting and cultivating flowers, plants, and shrubs, necessary for the
+adorning of gardens, &c. Vol. ii. containing the manner of planting and
+cultivating all sorts of flowers, plants, and shrubs, necessary for the
+adorning of gardens; in which is explained, the art of making and
+disposing of parterres, arbours of greens, wood works, arches, columns,
+and other pieces and compartments usually found in the most beautiful
+gardens of country seats. The whole enriched with variety of Figures,
+being a Translation from the Sieur Louis Liger. To this volume is added,
+a Description and Plan of Count Tallard's Garden, at Nottingham. The
+whole revised by George London and Henry Wise. Printed for Jacob Tonson,
+at Shakspeare's Head, over against Catherine-street in the Strand." This
+book, after giving the mode of culture of most flowers, generally gives
+what the author calls _its history_. I will merely give its history of
+one flower:--"On a day when they were keeping holiday in heaven, Flora
+summoned all the deities that preside over gardens, and, when they were
+met, addressed herself to them in this manner: 'You, who have always
+been the shining ornaments of my court, I have now called together, to
+consult in a matter of great importance. I know I am the sovereign of
+all the flowery kind; but for the more firm establishment of my empire,
+I am thinking to choose them a Queen of a spotless and unblemished
+reputation; but will do nothing of this nature without your counsel and
+assistance.' To these words, all the deities that were present, having
+first filled the court with murmurs, answered in this manner: 'Great
+goddess, be pleased to reflect a little on the animosities such a choice
+may create among the rival flowers; even the worthless Thistle will
+pretend to deserve the crown, and if denied, will perhaps grow factious,
+and disturb your peaceful reign.' 'Your fears are groundless,' replied
+the goddess; 'I apprehend no such consequence; my resolution is already
+fixed; hear, therefore, what I have determined:--In the deep recesses of
+a wood, where formerly the oaks were vocal, and pronounced oracles to
+mortals, at the foot of a little hill is a grotto, whose structure is
+nature's master-piece, there a wood nymph passed her quiet days; she was
+extremely beautiful, and charmed all that beheld her; her looks, her
+mien, and her behaviour had something of more than human; and indeed she
+was the daughter of a Dryad, and of a sylvan god. Her chastity and
+devotion equalled her beauty, she was perfectly resigned to the will of
+heaven, and never undertook any thing without having first implored our
+assistance; her heart was pure, and her hands undefiled. This nymph is
+dead, and my intention is to raise a flower from her precious remains,
+to be Queen of all the flowery race. The applauding gods straight
+prepared for the ceremony; _Priapus_ put on a grave countenance;
+_Vertumnus_ loaded himself with perfumes of an excellent scent; _Pomona_
+heaped up canisters with all sorts of richest fruits; _Venus_ was
+attended with a train of smiles and graces; _Vesta_ promised wonders;
+and _Bacchus_ supplied rivers of nectar, and crowned vast goblets with
+that divine liquor. In this equipage they left their celestial mansions,
+and repaired to the grotto, where they saw the dead body of the nymph
+stretched along on a soft couch of turf, and approaching it with
+profound awe and silence, prepared to pay the sacred rites; and Flora,
+having thrice bowed herself to the ground, was heard to pronounce this
+prayer:--'Almighty Jupiter, great ruler of the universe, exert thy
+creating power, and from the dead corpse of this lovely nymph let a
+plant arise, and bear no less lovely flowers, to be Queen of all thou
+hast already created.' Scarce had she made an end, when, behold a
+wondrous change! The nymph's extended limbs were turned into branches,
+and her hair into leaves; a shrub sprung up, adorned with sprouting
+buds, which straight unfolding, disclosed a fragrant and vermilion
+flower; a sudden light filled all the grotto, and the well-pleased
+goddess breathed thrice on the new-born babe, to spread it into life,
+and give it an odorous soul. Then seeing the vegetable Queen adorned
+with every grace, she kissed her thrice, and, breaking the general
+silence, revealed her secret joy. 'Approach,' said she, 'at my command,
+oh, all ye flowers, and pay your grateful homage to your Queen, the
+ROSE, for that is the name I give her.' Then taking a crown in her hand,
+that had been made on purpose in heaven, she placed it on the head of
+the new-made majesty; while to complete the ceremony, the attending gods
+sung joyful _Io Pæans_, amidst a symphony of flutes, harps, and all
+other tuneful instruments, with which the air resounded, while Flora and
+her bright celestial train ascended back rejoicing into heaven."[38]
+
+
+JOHN JAMES, who translated Le Blond's "Theory and Practice of Gardening,
+wherein is fully handled all that relates to fine gardens, commonly
+called Pleasure-gardens," cuts, 4to. 1712.
+
+
+M. STEVENSON published in small 4to. 1661, a book called The Twelve
+Months, being a Treatise on Husbandry and Gardening.
+
+
+The Rev. HENRY STEVENSON, of East Retford, published "The Young
+Gardener's Director," 1716, 12mo. He has introduced Mr. Evelyn's advice
+as to having salads in each month. There is a neat cut of flower-knots,
+and the frontispiece exhibits a curious old garden. In the preface he
+says, "not to mention the profit to a family, nothing conduces more to a
+man's health, especially to one that lives a sedentary life. If these
+observations and experiments I have made in gardening, be of use to any
+by drawing him to a way of diversion that will preserve his health, and
+perhaps put him upon a meditation on the great works of the creation,
+let him give the Creator the praise." He also published "The Gentleman
+Gardener Instructed;" eighth edition, 12mo. 1769.
+
+
+DAVID STEVENSON, in 1746, published in 12mo. The Gentleman Gardener
+Instructed. Is this the same book as the above?
+
+
+STEPHEN SWITZER, of whose private history so very little is known, but
+whose works shew him to have been an honest, unassuming, humane,
+religious, most industrious, and ingenious man. We only know that he had
+a garden on Milbank, and another _near_ Vauxhall; and that he died, I
+believe, about 1745. He dates his Letter on the Cythesis, from New
+Palace Yard, 1730. He was a native of _Hampshire_; for in his Fruit
+Gardener, speaking of walnut-trees, he says, "The best I ever saw are
+those that grow upon chalk. Such are those that grow about _Ewell_, near
+_Epsom_, and in many places of my own native county of _Hampshire_,
+there being one cut down some few years ago in the Park belonging to the
+Right Honourable the Lady _Russell_, at _Stratton_, that did spread, at
+least, fifty yards diameter." He acknowledges, without murmuring, his
+meanness of fortune, and his having industriously submitted "to the
+meanest labours of the scythe, spade, and wheel-barrow." He became,
+however, eminent in his day, and added much to the beauty and
+magnificence of the gardens of many of our chief nobility and gentry. He
+wrote a history of the art he so loved, and therefore his classic
+History of Gardening, prefixed to his Ichnographia Rustica, merits the
+perusal of every one attached to gardens; and paints in strong colours
+his own devotion to that art; and which he thus concludes:--"In short,
+next to the more immediate duties of religion, 'tis in the innocency of
+these employs, thus doing, thus planting, dressing, and busying
+themselves, that all wise and intelligent persons would be found, when
+Death, the king of terrors, shall close their eyes, and they themselves
+be obliged to bid an eternal farewell to these and all other sublunary
+pleasures;" and he who was thus fond of breathing the sweet and fragrant
+air of gardens, thus expresses his own (perhaps expiring) wish in the
+lines of Cowley:
+
+   Sweet shades, adieu! here let my dust remain,
+   Covered with flowers, and free from noise and pain;
+   Let evergreens the turfy tomb adorn,
+   And roseate dews (the glory of the morn)
+   My carpet deck; then let my soul possess
+   The happier scenes of an eternal bliss.
+
+He asks "What solid pleasure is there not to be found in gardening? Its
+pursuit is easy, quiet, and such as put neither the body nor mind into
+those violent agitations, or precipitate and imminent dangers that many
+other exercises (in themselves very warrantable) do. The end of this is
+health, peace, and plenty, and the happy prospect of felicities more
+durable than any thing in these sublunary regions, and to which this is
+(next to the duties of religion) the surest path." His attachment to
+some of our own poets, and to the classic authors of antiquity,
+discovers itself in many of his pages; and his devout turn of mind
+strongly shines throughout. His allusion to Homer, in vol. iii. page 7,
+sufficiently shews how ardently this industrious servant, this barrow
+wheeler, must have searched the great writers of ancient times, to
+discover their attachment to rural nature, and to gardens. His candid
+and submissive mind thus speaks:--"If we would, therefore, arrive at any
+greater perfection than we are in gardening, we must cashiere that
+mathematical stiffness in our gardens, and imitate nature more; how that
+is to be done, will appear in the following chapters, which though they
+may not be, as new designs scarce ever are, the most perfect, it will at
+least excite some after-master to take pen and pencil in hand, and
+finish what is here thus imperfectly begun, and this is my comfort, that
+I shall envy no man that does it. I have, God be praised, learned to
+admire, and not envy every one that outgoes me: and this will, I hope,
+go a great way in making me easy and happy under the pressures of a very
+narrow fortune, and amidst the ruffles of an ill-natured world. I have
+tasted too severely of the lashes of man, to take any great
+satisfaction in any thing but doing my duty."[39] In his devout and
+magnificent Essay on the Sun, he says, "'tis admirable that this planet
+should, through so many ages of the world, maintain an uninterrupted
+course, that in so many thousands of revolving years, it should retain
+the same light, heat, and vigour, and every morning renew its wonted
+alacrity, and dart its cherishing beams on these dull and gloomy scenes
+of melancholy and misery, and yet that so few of us rightly consider its
+power, or are thankful to Divine Omnipotence for it. The great Roscommon
+(not greater than good) speaks of it with divine transport, and exhorts
+mankind to admire it, from the benefits and celestial beams it displays
+on the world:--
+
+   Great eye of all, whose glorious ray
+   Rules the bright empire of the day;
+   O praise his name, without whose purer light
+   Thou hadst been hid in an abyss of night."[40]
+
+Switzer (as appears from the Preface to his Iconologia) was so struck
+with the business and pleasures of a country life, that he collected, or
+meant to collect, whatever he could respecting this subject, scattered
+up and down as they were in loose irregular papers and books; but this
+work, we regret to say, never made its appearance. That he would have
+done this well, may be guessed at from so many of his pages recording
+what he calls "the eternal duration" of Virgil's works, or those of "the
+noble and majestic" Milton:--
+
+   Flowers worthy of Paradise, which no nice art
+   In beds, and curious knots, but nature boon
+   Pour'd forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.
+
+Though prim regularity, and "parterres embroidered like a petticoat,"
+were in his time in high vogue, yet his pages shew his enlarged views on
+this subject, and the magnificent ideas he had formed, by surrounding
+them by rural enclosures, (probably by reading Mr. Addison), perfumed
+with blossoms, and bespangled with the rich tufts of nature. Nothing, he
+says, is now so much wanted to complete the grandeur of the British
+nation, as noble and magnificent gardens, statues, and water-works; long
+extended shady walks, and groves, and the adjacent country laid open to
+view, and not bounded by high walls. The pleasant fields, and paddocks,
+in all the beautiful attire of nature, would then appear to be a part of
+it, and look as if the adjacent country were all a garden. Walls take
+away the rural aspect of any seat; wood, water, and such like, being the
+noble and magnificent decorations of a country villa. Switzer calls
+water the spirit and most enchanting beauty of nature. He is so struck
+with "the beautifulness and nobleness of terrace walks," and
+particularly with that truly magnificent and noble one, belonging to the
+Right Honourable the Earl of Nottingham, at _Burleigh-on-the-Hill_, that
+"for my own part I must confess, that that design creates an idea in my
+mind greater than I am well able to express." In his chapter of "Woods
+and Groves," he enforces "a particular regard to large old oaks, beech,
+and such like trees; in which case, one would as soon fire one's house,
+as cut them down, since it is the work of so many years, I may say ages,
+to rear them; those ancient trees which our forefathers had all along
+preserved with much care."[41] In some of the romantic embellishments
+which he proposed in the midst of a grove, or coppice, he hints at
+having "little gardens, with caves, little natural cascades and grotts
+of water, with seats, and arbors of honeysuckles and jessamine, and, in
+short, with all the varieties that nature and art can furnish." He
+advises "little walks and paths running through such pastures as adjoin
+the gardens, passing through little paddocks, and corn fields, sometimes
+through wild coppices, and gardens, and sometimes by purling brooks, and
+streams; places that are set off not by _nice art_, but by luxury of
+nature." And again, "these hedge-rows mixed with primroses, violets, and
+such natural sweet and pleasant flowers; the walks that thus lead
+through them, will afford as much pleasure, nay, more so, than the
+largest walk in the most magnificent and elaborate fine garden."[42] He
+concludes his interesting Chapter of Woods and Coppices, with these
+lines of Tickell:--
+
+   Sweet solitude! when life's gay hours are past,
+   Howe'er we range, in thee we fix at last:
+   Tost thro' tempestuous seas, the voyage o'er,
+   Pale we look back, and bless the friendly shore.
+   Our own strict judges, our past life we scan,
+   And ask if glory have enlarg'd the span.
+   If bright the prospect, we the grave defy,
+   Trust future ages, and contented die.
+
+The following appear to have been his works:--
+
+     1. The Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardener's Recreation; or an
+     Introduction to Gardening, Planting, Agriculture, and the other
+     Business and Pleasures of a Country Life. By Stephen Switzer; 1715,
+     8vo. Another edition in 1717, 8vo. The year afterwards, it was
+     published with the following title:--
+
+     2. Icknographia Rustica; or, the Nobleman, Gentleman, and
+     Gardener's Recreation: containing Directions for the general
+     Distribution of a Country Seat into rural and extensive Gardens,
+     Parks, Paddocks, &c.; and a General System of Agriculture;
+     illustrated by a great variety of Copperplates, done by the first
+     hands, _from the Author's Drawings_. By Stephen Switzer, Gardener:
+     several years Servant to Mr. London, and Mr. Wise. 3 vols. 8vo.
+     1718.
+
+     3. A Compendious Method for Raising Italian Brocoli, Cardoon,
+     Celeriac, and other Foreign Kitchen Vegetables; as also an Account
+     of Lucerne, St. Foyne, Clover, and other Grass Seeds, with the
+     Method of Burning of Clay; 8vo. 1729. Fifth edition, 8vo. 1731, 1s.
+     6d.[43]
+
+     4. An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostaticks and
+     Hydraulicks, wherein the most advantageous Methods of Watering
+     Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats, Buildings, Gardens, &c. are laid
+     down. With Sixty Copper Cuts of Rural and Grotesque Designs for
+     Reservoirs, Cataracts, Cascades, Fountains, &c.; 2 vols. 4to.
+     1729.[44]
+
+     5. A Dissertation on the True Cythesus of the Ancients; 8vo. 1731;
+     1s. 6d. A classic production. At the end, he gives a Catalogue of
+     the Seeds, &c. sold by him at the Flower-pot, _over against the
+     Court of Common Pleas, in Westminster; or at his garden on
+     Millbank_.[45]
+
+     6. Country Gentleman's Companion, or Ancient Husbandry Restored,
+     and Modern Husbandry Improved; 8vo. 1732, 1s. 6d.
+
+     7. Switzer was the chief conductor of Monthly Papers on
+     Agriculture, in 2 vols. 8vo., and he himself designed the Two
+     Frontispieces. To be sold at his Seed Shop _in Westminster Hall_.
+
+     8. The Practical Fruit Gardener; 8vo. Cuts, 1717. Other editions,
+     8vo. 1724, 1731, Revised and recommended by the Rev. Mr. Lawrence
+     and Mr. Bradley, with their Two Letters of Recommendation.
+
+In this later edition of 1731, are a few additions. In one of its
+concluding chapters, he mentions "my worthy and ingenious friend, Sir
+James Thornhill." This pleasing volume, after stating the excellency of
+fruits, observes, "if fruit trees had no other advantage attending them
+than to _look_ upon them, how pleasurable would _that_ be? Since there
+is no flowering shrub excels, if equals that of a _peach_, or _apple
+tree_ in bloom. The tender enamelled blossoms, verdant foliage, with
+such a glorious embroidery of festoons and fruitages, wafting their
+odours on every blast of wind, and at last bowing down their laden
+branches, ready to yield their pregnant offspring into the hands of
+their laborious planter and owner."[46]
+
+
+JOHN TAVERNER published, in 1660, a little Treatise, called The Making
+of Fish Ponds, Breeding Fish, and _Planting Fruits_. Printed several
+times, says Wood, in his Athenæ.
+
+
+RICHARD BRADLEY. The Encyclopædia of Gardening pronounces him "a popular
+writer of very considerable talent, and indefatigable industry;" and
+speaks highly of the interesting knowledge diffused through his very
+numerous works, and gives a distinct list of them; so does Mr. Nicholls,
+in his Life of Bowyer; and Mr. Weston, in his Tracts, and Dr. Watts, in
+his Bib. Britt. In Mr. Bradley's "New Improvements of Planting and
+Gardening," he has added the whole of that scarce Tract of Dr. Beale's,
+the _Herefordshire Orchards_. One could wish to obtain his portrait,
+were it only from his pen so well painting the alluring charms of
+flowers:--"_Primroses_ and _Cowslips_, may be planted near the edges of
+borders, and near houses, for the sake of their pretty smell. I
+recommend the planting some of the common sorts that grow wild in the
+woods, in some of the most rural places about the house; for I think
+nothing can be more delightful, than to see great numbers of these
+flowers, accompanied with _Violets_, growing under the hedges, avenues
+of trees, and wilderness works. _Violets_, besides their beauty, perfume
+the air with a most delightful odour."[47] Mr. Bradley, it appears, from
+the Fruit Garden Kalendar, of the Rev. Mr. Lawrence, resided at Camden
+House, Kensington. They each of them in their letters, in 1717,
+subscribe themselves, "Your most affectionate friend." Mr. Lawrence
+frequently styles him "the most ingenious Mr. Bradley." Dr. Pulteney
+says he "was the author of more than twenty separate publications,
+chiefly on Gardening and Agriculture; published between the years 1716
+and 1730. His 'New Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both
+Philosophical and Practical,' 8vo. 1717, went through repeated
+impressions; as did his 'Gentleman's and Gardener's Kalendar,' (which
+was the fourth part of the preceding book) both at home, and in
+translations abroad. His 'Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature,'
+4to. 1721, was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and
+continued in repute several years. The same may be said of his 'General
+Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening,' 8vo. 2 vols. 1726; and of his
+'Practical Discourses concerning the Four Elements, as they relate to
+the Growth of Plants,' 8vo. 1727. His '_Dictionarium Botanicum_,' 8vo.
+1728, was, I believe, the first attempt of the kind in England." On the
+whole (says Dr. Pulteney) Bradley's writings, coinciding with the
+growing taste for gardening, the introduction of exotics, and
+improvements in husbandry, contributed to excite a more philosophical
+view of these arts, and diffuse a general and popular knowledge of them
+throughout the kingdom."[48] Mr. Bradley has given at the end of his
+curious "Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature," which is
+embellished with neat engravings, a chapter "Of the most curious Gardens
+in Europe, especially in Britain." In this chapter he justly observes,
+that "a gentle exercise in a fresh air, where the mind is engaged with
+variety of natural objects, contributes to content; and it is no new
+observation, that the trouble of the mind wears and destroys the
+constitution even of the most healthful body. All kinds of gardens
+contribute to health." This volume also preserves the account of Lord
+Ducie's noted old chesnut tree at Tortworth, supposed to be more than a
+thousand years old; and of an elm belonging to his lordship, of a truly
+gigantic growth.[49] Switzer thus speaks of Bradley:--"Mr. Bradley has
+not only shewn himself a skilful botanist, but a man of experience in
+other respects, and is every where a modest writer." Mr. Bradley died in
+1732. Some writers have dwelt much upon his dissipation; let us
+remember, however, that
+
+   _Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues
+   We write in water._
+
+Mr. Weston, in a communication inserted in the Gentleman's Magazine for
+November, 1806, says, "Although this country had a great loss by the
+death of Evelyn, yet he was succeeded, in twenty years after, by another
+of equal abilities, and indefatigable in endeavouring to improve the art
+of gardening, as Bradley's numerous works will testify."
+
+
+TIMOTHY NOURSE, whose "Campania Foelix," 8vo. 1700, has prefixed to
+it, a very neat engraving by Vander Gucht, of rural life. He has
+chapters on Fruit Trees; on the several kinds of Apple Trees, and on
+Cyder and Perry. In page 262 he, with great humanity, strongly pleads to
+acquit Lord Chancellor Bacon from the charge against him of corruption
+in his high office. His Essay "Of a Country House," in this work, is
+curious; particularly to those who wish to see the style of building,
+and the decorations of a country seat at that period. Mr. Nourse also
+published "A Discourse upon the Nature and Faculties of Man, with some
+Considerations upon the Occurrences of Humane Life." Printed for Jacob
+Tonson, at the Judge's Head, in Chancery-lane, 1686, 8vo. His chapter on
+Solitude, wherein he descants on the delights of rural scenery and
+gardens; and his conclusion, directing every man towards the attainment
+of his own felicity, are worth perusing. That on Death is forcibly
+written; he calls it "no more than for a man to close up all the
+travails, pains, and misfortunes of life, with one sweet and eternal
+sleep; he is now at everlasting rest; the fears and misery of poverty,
+the anxieties of riches, the vexations of a process, do not devour him.
+He does not fear the calumnies of the base, nor the frowns of the great.
+'Tis death which delivers the prisoner from his fetters, and the slave
+and captive from his chain; 'tis death which rescues the servant from
+the endless toils of a laborious life, the poor from oppression, and
+makes the beggar equal with princes. Here desperation finds a remedy,
+all the languors of disease, all the frustrations and tediousness of
+life, all the infirmities of age, all the disquiets of the passions, and
+all the calamities of fortune, with whatever can make a man miserable,
+vanish in these shades." In his very curious "Essay of a Country House,"
+he thus moralizes:--"The variety of flowers, beautiful and fragrant,
+with which his gardens are adorned, opening themselves, and dying one
+after another, must admonish him of the fading state of earthly
+pleasures, of the frailty of life, and of the succeeding generations to
+which he must give place. The constant current of a fountain, or a
+rivulet, must remind of the flux of time, which never returns."
+
+
+SAMUEL COLLINS, ESQ. of Archeton, Northamptonshire, author of "Paradise
+Retrieved; 1717, 8vo. In the Preface to the Lady's Recreation, by
+Charles Evelyn, Esq. he is extremely severe on this "Squire Collins,"
+whom he accuses of ignorance and arrogance.
+
+
+JOHN EVELYN, son of the author of _Sylva_. His genius early displayed
+itself; for when little more than fifteen, he wrote a Greek poem, which
+must have some merit, because his father has prefixed it to the second
+edition of his _Sylva_. In Mr. Nicoll's Collection of Poems, are some by
+him. There are two poems of his in Dryden's Miscellany. He translated
+Plutarch's Life of Alexander from the Greek; and the History of Two
+Grand Viziers, from the French. When only nineteen, he translated from
+the Latin, Rapin on Gardens. He died in 1698. The Quarterly Review, in
+its review of Mr. Bray's Memoirs of Evelyn, thus speaks of this son, and
+of his father:--"It was his painful lot to follow to the grave his only
+remaining son, in the forty-fourth year of his age, a man of much
+ability and reputation, worthy to have supported the honour of his name.
+Notwithstanding these repeated sorrows, and the weight of nearly
+fourscore years, Evelyn still enjoyed uninterrupted health, and
+unimpaired faculties; he enjoyed also the friendship of the wise and the
+good, and the general esteem beyond any other individual of his
+age."[50]
+
+
+THOMAS FAIRCHILD, whose garden and vineyard at Hoxton, Mr. Bradley
+mentions in high terms, in numberless pages of his many works. I will
+merely quote from one of his works, viz. from his Philosophical Account
+of the Works of Nature:--"that curious garden of Mr. Thomas Fairchild,
+at Hoxton, where I find the greatest collection of fruits that I have
+yet seen, and so regularly disposed, both for order in time of ripening
+and good pruning of the several kinds, that I do not know any person in
+Europe to excel him in that particular; and in other things he is no
+less happy in his choice of such curiosities, as a good judgement and
+universal correspondence can procure." Mr. Fairchild published The City
+Gardener; 8vo. 1722, price 1s. He corresponded with Linnæus. He left
+funds for a Botanical Sermon to be delivered annually at St. Leonard,
+Shoreditch, on each Whitsun Tuesday, "On the wonderful works of God in
+the creation, or on the certainty of the resurrection of the dead,
+proved by the certain changes of the animal and vegetable parts of the
+creation."[51] Dr. Pulteney thus speaks of Mr. Fairchild:--"My plan does
+not allow me to deviate so far as to cite authors on the subject of
+gardening, unless eminent for their acquaintance with English botany.
+Some have distinguished themselves in this way; and I cannot omit to
+mention, with applause, the names of Fairchild, Knowlton, Gordon, and
+Miller. The first of these made himself known to the Royal Society, by
+some 'New Experiments relating to the different, and sometimes contrary
+motion of the Sap;' which were printed in the Phil. Trans. vol. xxxiii.
+He also assisted in making experiments, by which the sexes of plants
+were illustrated, and the doctrine confirmed. Mr. Fairchild died in
+November, 1729."
+
+
+GEORGE RICKETS, of Hoxton, was much noted about 1688 and 1689. Rea, in
+his Flora, says of him, "Mr. Rickets, of Hogsden, often remembered, the
+best and most faithful florist now about London." Rea describes, in his
+Flora, one hundred and ninety different kinds of tulips, and says, "All
+these tulips, and _many others_, may be had of Mr. Rickets." Worlidge
+thus speaks of him:--"he hath the greatest variety of the choicest
+apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, malacolones,
+noctorines, figgs, vines, currans, gooseberries, rasberries, mulberries,
+medlars, walnuts, nuts, filberts, chesnuts, &c. that any man hath, and
+can give the best account of their natures and excellencies." And again
+he says, "the whole nation is obliged to the industry of the ingenious
+Mr. George Rickets, gardner at Hoxton or Hogsden without Bishopsgate,
+near London, at the sign of the Hand there; who can furnish any planter
+with all or most of the fruit trees before mentioned, having been for
+many years a most laborious and industrious collector of the best
+species of all sorts of fruit from foreign parts. And hath also the
+richest and most complete collection of all the great variety of
+flower-bearing trees and shrubs in the kingdom. That there is not a day
+in the year, but the trees, as well as the most humble plants, do there
+yield ornaments for Flora; with all sorts of curious and pleasant
+winter-greens, that seemed to perpetuate the spring and summer, from the
+most humble myrtle, to the very true cedar of Libanus. Not without
+infinite variety of tulips, auriculaes, anemones, gillyflowers, and
+all other sorts of pleasant, and delicate flowers, that he may be truly
+said to be the master-flowrist of England; and is ready to furnish any
+ingenious person with any of his choicest plants."
+
+
+JOHN COWEL appears to have been a noted gardener at Hoxton, about 1729.
+He was the author of the "Curious and Profitable Gardener."
+
+
+HUGH STAFFORD, ESQ. of Pynes, in Devonshire, who published, in 1729, "A
+Treatise on Cyder Making, with a Catalogue of Cyder Apples of Character;
+to which is prefixed, a Dissertation on Cyder, and Cyder-Fruit." Another
+edition in 1753.
+
+
+BENJAMIN WHITMILL, Sen. and Jun. Gardeners at Hoxton, published the
+sixth edition, in small 8vo. of their "Kalendarium Universale: or, the
+Gardener's Universal Calendar." The following is part of their
+Preface:--"The greatest persons, in all ages, have been desirous of a
+country retirement, where every thing appears in its native simplicity.
+The inhabitants are religious, the fair sex modest, and every
+countenance bears a picture of the heart. What, therefore, can be a more
+elegant amusement, to a good and great man, than to inspect the
+beautiful product of fields and gardens, when every month hath its
+pleasing variety of plants and flowers. And if innocence be our greatest
+happiness, where can we find it but in a country life? In fields and
+gardens we have pleasures unenvied, and beauties unsought for; and any
+discovery for the improvement of them, is highly praiseworthy. In the
+growth of a plant, or a tree, we view the progress of nature, and ever
+observe that all her works yield beauty and entertainment. To cultivate
+this beauty, is a task becoming the wealthy, the polite, and the
+learned; this is so generally understood, that there are few gentlemen
+of late, who are not themselves their chief gardeners. And it certainly
+redounds more to the honour and satisfaction of a gardener, that he is a
+preserver and pruner of all sorts of fruit trees, than it does to the
+happiness of the greatest general that he has been successful in killing
+mankind."
+
+
+SAMUEL TROWEL, of Poplar, published, in 1739, A New Treatise of
+Husbandry and Gardening; 12mo. 2s. 6d. This was translated in Germain,
+at Leipsig, 1750, in 8vo.
+
+
+REV. FRANCIS COVENTRY, who wrote an admirable paper in the _World_, (No.
+15,) on the absurd novelties introduced in gardens. He wrote Penshurst,
+in Dodsley's Poems.
+
+
+JAMES JUSTICE, ESQ. published the "Scot's Gardener's Director," 8vo. A
+new edition, entitled "The _British_ Gardener's Director, chiefly
+adapted to the Climate of the Northern Counties," was published at
+_Edinburgh_, 1764, 8vo. The Encyclopædia of Gardening calls his book
+"an original and truly valuable work;" and in page 87, 846, and 1104,
+gives some interesting particulars of this gentleman's passion for
+gardening.
+
+
+JOHN GIBSON, M.D. author of "The Fruit Gardener," to which he has
+prefixed an interesting Preface on the Fruit Gardens of the Ancients. In
+this Preface he also relates the origin of fruit gardens, by the
+hermits, and monastic orders. In his Introduction, he says, that "every
+kind of fruit tree seems to contend in spring, who shall best entertain
+the possessor with the beauty of their blossoms. Mankind are always
+happy with the prospect of plenty; in no other scene is it exhibited
+with such charming variety, as in the fruit garden and orchard. Are
+gentlemen fond of indulging their tastes? Nature, from the plentiful
+productions of the above, regales them with a variety of the finest
+flavours and exalted relishes. To cool us in the heat of summer, she
+copiously unites the acid to an agreeable sweetness. Flowering shrubs
+and trees are often purchased by gentlemen at a high price; yet not one
+of them can compare in beauty with an _apple tree_, when beginning to
+expand its blossoms."[52] Speaking of the greengage, he says, "its taste
+is so exquisitely sweet and delicious, that nothing can exceed it." He
+enlivens many of his sections on the cultivation of various fruits, by
+frequent allusions to Theophrastus, Virgil, Pliny, and other _Rei
+rustica scriptores_. His chapter on Pears, (the various kinds of which
+possess "a profusion of sweets, heightened by an endless variety of
+delicious flavours,") is particularly profuse. So is that on Apples.
+
+
+JAMES RUTTER published, in 1767, Modern Eden, or the Gardener's
+Universal Guide; 8vo.
+
+
+JOHN DICKS published, in 1769, The New Gardener's Dictionary; in sixty
+numbers, small folio, 30s. Blyth.
+
+
+JAMES GARTON published, in 1769, The Practical Gardener; 8vo. 3s. Dilly.
+
+
+---- WILDMAN published, in 1768, a Treatise on the Culture of Pear
+Trees: to which is added, a Treatise on the Management of Bees; 12mo.
+Dublin.
+
+
+ANTHONY POWEL, ESQ. Gardener to George II. published The Royal Gardener;
+12mo. 1769.
+
+
+---- OCKENDEN, ESQ. published, in 1770, Letters, describing the Lake of
+Killarney, and Rueness's Gardens; 8vo. Dublin.
+
+
+THOMAS HITT published his Treatise on Fruit Trees, 8vo. 1775. A third
+edition in 1768. Mr. Loudon calls it "an original work, valuable for its
+mode of training trees." He also published, in 1760, a Treatise on
+Husbandry; 8vo. 3s.
+
+
+ADAM TAYLOR, Gardener to J. Sutton, Esq. at New Park, near Devizes,
+published a Treatise on the Ananas, or Pine Apple: containing Plain and
+Easy Directions for Raising this most excellent Fruit without Fire, and
+in much higher perfection than from the Stove; to which are added, Full
+Directions for Raising Melons. Devizes, 8vo. 1769.
+
+
+JAMES MEADER, Gardener at Sion House, and afterwards to the Empress
+Catharine. He published, in 1771, in 12mo. The Modern Gardener, &c. in a
+manner never before published; selected from the Diary MSS. of the late
+Mr. Hitt. Also, The Planter's Guide, or Pleasure Gardener's Companion;
+with plates, 1779, oblong 4to.
+
+
+RICHARD WESTON, ESQ. an amateur gardener, who has given, at the end of
+his "Tracts on Practical Agriculture, and Gardening," 1762, 8vo. a
+Catalogue of English Authors on Agriculture, Gardening, &c. There is
+another edition in 1773, with additions. His intelligent Catalogue is
+brought down to the end of the year 1772. This volume of Tracts contains
+an infinity of ingenious and curious articles. One of the chapters
+contains "A Plan for Planting all the Turnpike Roads in England with
+Timber Trees."[53] He most zealously wishes to encourage planting. "I
+believe (says this candid writer) that one of the principal reasons why
+few persons plant, springs from a fearful conjecture that their days
+will have been passed, before the forest can have risen. But let not the
+parent harbour so selfish an idea; it should be his delight, to look
+forward to the advantage which his children would receive from the
+timber which he planted, contented if it flourished every year beneath
+his inspection; surely there is much more pleasure in planting of trees,
+than in cutting of them down. View but the place where a fine tree
+stands, what an emblem does it afford of present beauty and of future
+use; examine the spot after the noble ornament shall have been felled,
+and see how desolate it will appear. Perhaps there is not a better
+method of inducing youth to have an early inclination for planting,
+than for fathers, who have a landed estate, to persuade those children
+who are to inherit it, as soon as they come to years of discretion, to
+make a small nursery, and to let them have the management of it
+themselves; they will then see the trees yearly thriving under their
+hands: as an encouragement to them, they should, when the trees are at a
+fit growth to plant out, let them have the value of them for their
+pocket money. This will, in their tender years, fix so strong an idea of
+the value, and the great consequence of planting, as will never be
+eradicated afterwards; and many youths, of the age of twenty-five,
+having planted quick growing trees, may see the industry of their
+juvenile years amply rewarded at that early age, a time when most young
+men begin to know the value of money."[54] Mr. Pope, in one of his
+letters to Mr. Allen, thus discovers his own generous mind:--"I am now
+as busy in planting for myself as I was lately in planting for another.
+I am pleased to think my trees will afford shade and fruit to others,
+when I shall want them no more." Mr. Addison's admirable recommendation
+of planting, forms No. 583 of the Spectator. He therein says, "When a
+man considers that the putting a few twigs in the ground, is doing good
+to one who will make his appearance in the world about fifty years
+hence, or that he is perhaps making one of his own descendants easy or
+rich, by so inconsiderable an expence; if he finds himself averse to it,
+he must conclude that he has a poor and base heart. Most people are of
+the humour of an old fellow of a college, who, when he was pressed by
+the society to come into something that might redound to the good of
+their successors, grew very peevish. _We are always doing_, says he,
+_something for posterity, but I would fain see posterity do something
+for us._"[55] Mr. Weston also published The Universal Botanist and
+Nursery; 1770, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. The Gardener and Planter's Calendar,
+containing the Method of Raising Timber Trees, Fruit Trees, and Quicks
+for Hedges; with Directions for Forming and Managing a Garden every
+Month in the Year; also many New Improvements in the Art of Gardening;
+8vo. 1773. Mr. Weston then appears to have lived at Kensington Gore. The
+Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1806, says, that he died at
+Leicester, in 1806, aged seventy-four. He was formerly a thread hosier
+there. It gives an amusing and full list of his various publications,
+particularly of his intended "Natural History of Strawberries."
+
+
+GEORGE MASON. The best edition of his "Essay on Design in Gardening,"
+appears to have been that of 1795, in 8vo. Two Appendixes were published
+in 1798, which are said to have been written by Mr. U. Price. In Mr.
+Nichols's fourth volume of Illustrations of the Literary History of the
+Eighteenth Century, are some particulars of Mr. Mason. He published
+Hoccleve's Poems, with a Glossary; an Answer to Thomas Paine; the Life
+of Lord Howe; a Supplement to Johnson's Dictionary: in the ill-tempered
+preface to which, he thus strangely speaks of that Dictionary:--"this
+muddiness of intellect sadly besmears and defaces almost every page of
+the composition." This is only a small instance of his virulence against
+Johnson in this preface. One would have thought that Mr. Mason's
+sarcasms would have been softened, or even subdued, by its glowing and
+eloquent preface, which informs us that this great work was composed
+"without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile
+of favour." I am sorry to say, that Mr. Mason, even in the above Essay,
+discovers, in three instances, his animosity to our "Dictionary writer,"
+for so he calls Dr. Johnson. Mr. Boswell, speaking of Johnson's preface,
+says, "We cannot contemplate without wonder, the vigorous and splendid
+thoughts which so highly distinguish that performance;" and on the
+Dictionary he observes, that "the world contemplated with wonder, so
+stupendous a work, achieved by one man, while other countries had
+thought such undertakings fit only for whole academies." Linnæus and
+Haller styled Ray's History of Plants, _opus immensi laboris_. One may
+justly apply the same words to this Dictionary. It was well for Mr.
+Mason that he escaped (what Miss Seward called) "the dead-doing
+broadside of Dr. Johnson's satire." George Mason omits no opportunity of
+censuring Mr. Whateley's Observations on Modern Gardening. In the above
+Essay, he censures him in seven different pages, and in his distinct
+chapter or division on this book of Mr. Whateley's, (consisting of
+thirteen pages) there are no less than thirty-three additional sneers,
+or faults, found with his opinions. He does not acknowledge in him one
+single solitary merit, except at page 191. In page 160, he nearly, if
+not quite, calls him a _fool_, and declares that _vanity_ is the passion
+to which he is constantly sacrificing.[56] It would be an insult to any
+one who has read Mr. Whateley's work, to endeavour to clear him from
+such a virulent and ill-founded attack. Neither Dr. Johnson, with all
+his deep learning, nor Mr. Whateley, with all the cultivated fancy of a
+rich scholastic mind, would either of them have been able to comprehend,
+or to understand, or even to make head or tail of the first half of Mr.
+George Mason's poem, with which he closes the above edition of his
+Essay. As he has been so caustically severe against Dr. Johnson, it
+cannot be ungenerous if one applies to the above part of his own poem,
+the language of a French critic on another subject:--"Le style en est
+dur, et scabreux. Il semble que l'auteur a ramassé les termes les plus
+extraordinaires pour se rendre inintelligible." Percy, Bishop of
+Dromore, in vol. x. page 602, of the British Critic, has given a
+critique of Mr. Mason's edition of Hoccleve, in which he chastises its
+injustice, arrogance, and ignorance. Mr. Mason has been more liberal in
+warmly praising Kent, and Shenstone, in acknowledging the great taste
+and elegance of Mr. Thomas Warton, when the latter notices Milton's line
+of
+
+   _Bosom'd high in tufted trees,_
+
+which picturesque remark of Mr. Warton's could not have been excelled
+even by the nice and critical pen of the late Sir U. Price; and when he
+informs us, in more than one instance, of the great Earl of Chatham's
+"turning his mind to the embellishment of rural nature."
+
+THOMAS WHATELEY, on whose "Observations on Modern Gardening," the
+Encyclopædia of Gardening (that most comprehensive assemblage of every
+thing delightful and curious in this art,) observes, "It is remarkable,
+that so little is known of a writer, the beauty of whose style, and the
+justness of whose taste, are universally acknowledged." The same work
+further says, "his excellent book, so frequently referred to by all
+succeeding writers on garden scenery, ought to be in the hands of every
+man of taste." And the same work still further observes, that "its style
+has been pronounced by Ensor, inimitable, and the descriptions with
+which his investigations are accompanied, have been largely copied, and
+amply praised by Alison, in his work On Taste. The book was soon
+translated into the continental languages, and is judiciously praised in
+the _Mercure de France_, _Journal Encyclopédique_, and Weiland's
+_Journal_. G. Mason alone dissents from the general opinion, enlarging
+on the very few faults or peculiarities which are to be found in the
+book. Wheatley, or Whately (for so little is known of this eminent man,
+that we have never been able to ascertain satisfactorily the orthography
+of his name,) was proprietor of Nonsuch Park, in Surrey; and was
+secretary to the Earl of Suffolk. He published only this work, soon
+after which he died. After his death, some remarks on Shakspeare, from
+his pen, were published in a small 12mo." A second edition of this
+elegant little work was published in 1808, by Parson, Oxford; or
+Rivington, St. Paul's; in which, the advertisement to the reader informs
+us, that "the respectable author intended to have gone through eight or
+ten of the principal characters of Shakspeare, but suspended his design,
+in order to finish his Observations on Modern Gardening, first published
+in the year 1770; immediately after which time, _he was engaged in such
+an active scene of public life_, as left him but little leisure to
+attend to the Belles Lettres; and in the year 1772 he died."[57]
+
+His remarks on some of the characters of Shakspeare (whom, in his
+_Observations_, he calls _the great master of nature_) breathe in many
+of his pages, that fire, which he could have caught only from those of
+the great poet. Such was his eagerness to complete his _Observations_,
+that he for a short while "suspended his design" of examining other
+characters of the poet, when the bright effusions of his genius "fled up
+to the stars from whence they came." This elegant little work is merely
+a fragment, nay, even an unfinished fragment. It must, then, cause deep
+regret, that death should so prematurely have deprived us of that rich
+treasure of animated thoughts, which, no doubt, would have sprung from
+his further tracing the poet's deep and piercing knowledge of the human
+heart. One may safely apply to Mr. Whateley, what he himself applies to
+the poet:--"He had a genius to express all that his penetration could
+discover." The Journal Encyclopédique, Juilliet, 1771, when speaking of
+the French translation of Whateley's Observations, says, "On ne peut
+guères se faire une idée de ces jardins, si l'on n'a été à Londres.
+Accoutumés à la symétrie des nôtres, nous n'imaginons pas qu'on puisse
+établir une forme irregulière, comme une regle principale: cependant
+ceux qui sentent combien la noble simplicité de la nature est supérieure
+à tous les rafinemens symétriques de l'art, donneront peuetêtre la
+préference aux jardins Anglois. C'est l'effet que doit produire la
+lecture de cet ouvrage, qui quoique destiné aux amateurs et aux
+compositeurs des jardins, offre aux gens de goût, aux artistes et
+sur-tout aux peintres, des observations fines et singulieres sur
+plusieurs effets de perspective et sur les arts en général; aux
+philosophes, des réflections justes sur les affections de notre ame; aux
+poëtes, des descriptions exactes, quoique vives, des plus beaux jardins
+d'Angleterre dans tous les genres, qui décèlent dans l'Auteur un oeil
+infiment exercé, une grande connoissance des beaux arts, une belle
+imagination et un esprit accoutumé à penser."
+
+The "bloom of an orchard, the festivity of a hay field, and the carols
+of harvest home," could not have met with a more cheerful and benevolent
+pen than Mr. Whateley's; a love of country pervades many of his pages;
+nor could any one have traced the placid scenery, or rich magnificence
+of nature, with a happier pen than when he records the walk to the
+cottage at Claremont, the grandeur and majesty of the scene at
+_Blenheim_, or _Stowe_, _Persfield_, _Wotton_ in the vale of
+Aylesbury--the rugged, savage, and craggy points of _Middleton Dale_, "a
+chasm rent in the mountain by some convulsion of nature, beyond the
+memory of man, or perhaps before the island was peopled," with its many
+rills, springs, rivulets, and water-falls--the vast cliffs of rocks at
+_Matlock_, _Bath_, that "scene of romantic magnificence; from such
+scenes, probably, was conceived the wild imagination, in ancient
+mythology, of the giants piling _Pelion_ upon _Ossa_; the loftiness of
+the rocks, and the character of the _Derwent_, a torrent in which force
+and fury prevail; the cascades in it are innumerable; before the water
+is recovered from one fall, it is hurried down another; and its
+agitation being thus increased by repeated shocks, it pushes on with
+restless violence to the next, where it dashes against fragments of
+rocks, or foams among heaps of stones which the stream has driven
+together"--the dusky gloom at the iron forge, "close to the cascade of
+the Weir, (between _Ross_ and _Monmouth_) where the agitation of the
+current is increased by large fragments of rocks, which have been swept
+down by floods from the banks, or shivered by tempests from the brow;
+and the sullen sound, at stated intervals, from the strokes of the great
+hammers in the forge, deadens the roar of the water-fall"--the solitude,
+the loveliness, and the stillness of _Dovedale_, "the whole of which has
+the air of enchantment; grotesque as chance can cast, wild as nature can
+produce"--the monkish tomb-stones, and the monuments of benefactors long
+since forgotten, which appear above the green sward, at _Tintern Abbey_,
+with its maimed effigies, and sculpture worn with age and weather--his
+view to the approach to Lord _Cadogan's_, near _Reading_--his feeling
+and enchanting description of the _Leasowes_--"the wonderful efforts
+which art has made at _Painshill_ to rival nature;" where the massy
+richness of its hanging wood "gives an air of grandeur to the
+whole"--the _Tinian_, and other lawns, and noble and magnificent views
+in that vast sylvan scene _Hagley_, where, in a spot which once
+delighted Mr. Pope, is inscribed an urn to his memory, "which, when
+shewn by a gleam of moonlight through the trees, fixes that
+thoughtfulness and composure to which the mind is insensibly led by the
+rest of this elegant scene."
+
+His section "Of the Seasons," where he descants on the _spirit_ of the
+morning, the _excess_ of noon, or the _temperance_ of evening," must
+strike every one by its felicity of style; and the reader may judge of
+the rich pages which this book contains, even from what he says of
+water:--"It accommodates itself to every situation; is the most
+interesting object in a landscape, and the happiest circumstance in a
+retired recess; captivates the eye at a distance, invites approach, and
+is delightful when near; it refreshes an open exposure; it animates a
+shade; cheers the dreariness of a waste, and enriches the most crowded
+view; in form, in style, and in extent, may be made equal to the
+greatest compositions, or adapted to the least; it may spread in a calm
+expanse to soothe the tranquillity of a peaceful scene; or hurrying
+along a devious course, add splendour to a gay, and extravagance to a
+romantic, situation. So various are the characters which water can
+assume, that there is scarcely an idea in which it may not concur, or an
+impression which it cannot enforce; a deep stagnated pool, dank and dark
+with shades which it dimly reflects, befits the seat of melancholy; even
+a river, if it be sunk between two dismal banks, and dull both in motion
+and colour, is like a hollow eye which deadens the countenance; and over
+a sluggard, silent stream, creeping heavily along all together, hangs a
+gloom, which no art can dissipate, nor even the sunshine disperse. A
+gently murmuring rill, clear and shallow, just gurgling, just dimpling,
+imposing silence, suits with solitude, and leads to meditation; a
+brisker current, which wantons in little eddies over a bright sandy
+bottom, or babbles among pebbles, spreads cheerfulness all around; a
+greater rapidity, and more agitation, to a certain degree are animating;
+but in excess, instead of wakening, they alarm the senses; the roar and
+the rage of a torrent, its force, its violence, its impetuosity, tend to
+inspire terror; that terror, which, whether as cause or effect, is so
+nearly allied to sublimity."[58]
+
+
+DANIEL MALTHUS, ESQ. purchased, in 1759, the Rookery, near Dorking,
+noted for its beauties of hill, dale, wood, and water; he sold it in
+1768. He translated Gerardin, _De la Composition des Paysages_, 12mo.
+1783, to which he prefixed a preface, being, chiefly, remarks on what
+the gardens of the Greeks and Romans were; a view of Rosseau's tomb is
+prefixed. Mr. Malthus justly observes, that this Essay "is full of the
+most insinuating eloquence, that it is wrote by the friend of Rousseau,
+and from scenes which realize some of its most beautiful descriptions."
+He further observes, that "trifling as this enquiry will appear in
+itself, it may add something towards the benevolent purpose of M.
+d'Ernonville, which is to make men sensible of the exhaustless charms of
+nature, to lead them back to their simple and original tastes, to
+promote the variety and resources of a country life, and to unite its
+usefulness with its embellishment."[59]
+
+
+JOHN KENNEDY published a Treatise upon Planting, Gardening, &c. 8vo.
+_York_, 1776.
+
+
+N. SWINDEN, "an ingenious gardener and seedsman at Brentford-End,"
+wrote The Beauties of Flora Displayed; 8vo. 1778.
+
+
+SAMUEL FULMER wrote The Young Gardener's Best Companion for the Kitchen,
+and Fruit Garden; 12mo. 1781.
+
+CHARLES BRYANT published Flora Dietetica; or, the History of Esculent
+Plants: 8vo. 1785. Also, a Dictionary of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and
+Plants; 8vo. _Norwich_, 1790.
+
+
+JOSEPH HEELEY, ESQ. author of Letters on the Beauties of Hagley, Envil,
+and the Leasowes; with Critical Remarks on the Modern Taste in
+Gardening; 1777, 2 vols. 12mo.
+
+
+THOMAS KYLE, or KEIL, "one of the first gardeners in Scotland, of his
+time," published a Treatise on the Management of the Peach and Nectarine
+Trees: to which is added, the Method of Raising and Forcing Vines; 8vo.
+_Edinb._ 1785. A second edition in 1787.
+
+
+WILLIAM MARSHALL, ESQ. who, in his "Planting and Rural Ornament," has
+very properly transcribed the whole of that masterly production of Mr.
+Walpole's pen, his _History of the Modern Taste in Gardening_. He
+observes, that "a pen guided by so masterly a hand, must ever be
+productive of information and entertainment, when employed upon a
+subject so truly interesting. Desirous of conveying to our readers all
+the information which we can compress, with propriety, within the limits
+of our plan, we wished to have given the _substance_ of this valuable
+paper; but finding it already in the language of simplicity, and being
+aware of the mischiefs which generally ensue in _meddling_ with the
+productions of genius, we had only one alternative: either wholly to
+transcribe, or wholly to reject." Mr. Marshall, alluding to the above
+work of his, says, "Wheatley, Mason, and Nature, with some Experience,
+and much Observation, are the principal sources from which this part of
+our work was drawn; it was planned, and in part written, among the
+magnificent scenes of nature, in Monmouthshire, Herefordshire, and
+Gloucestershire, where the rich and the romantic are happily blended, in
+a manner unparalleled in any other part of the island." In this same
+work is preserved, Mr. Gray's letter on the scenery of _Grasmere Water_.
+His descriptions of many trees and shrubs are extremely interesting; and
+he has rendered them more so by his frequent quotations from Mr.
+Hanbury. He also published, in 8vo. The Rural Economy of the Southern
+Counties; 2 vols.--of the Midland Counties, 2 vols.--of Gloucestershire,
+2 vols.--of Norfolk, 2 vols.--of Yorkshire, 2 vols.--Agriculture of the
+Southern Counties, 2 vols.--Minutes of Agriculture--and a Review of the
+Landscape, a didactic poem--and of an Essay on the Picturesque. The
+Encyclop. of Gardening, after relating varied information respecting
+him, says, that he "finally retired to a considerable property he
+possessed in his native county, in the Vale of Cleveland, in 1808, where
+he died, at an advanced age, in 1819. He was a man of little education,
+but of a strong and steady mind: and pursued, in the most consistent
+manner, from the year 1780 to his death, the plan he originally laid
+down; that of collecting and condensing the agricultural practices of
+the different counties of England, with a view to a general work on
+Landed Property, which he published; another on Agriculture, which he
+did not live to complete, and a _Rural Institute_, in which he was
+supplanted by the Board of Agriculture." His observations on the
+_Larch_, in vol. i. of his "Planting and Rural Ornament," and the zeal
+with which he recommends the planting of it on the infertile heathy
+flats of Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire, on the bleak and barren heights
+of Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Cornwall, and Devon, and on the Welch and
+Salopean hills; and the powerful language with which he enforces its
+valuable qualities, merit the attention of every man of property.
+
+
+WILLIAM SPEECHLY. He wrote Hints on Domestic Rural Economy; 8vo. On the
+Culture of the Vine and Pine Apple, with Hints on the Formation of
+Vineyards in England. On the Culture of the Pine Apple, and the
+Management of the Hot-House; 8vo. He made a tour in Holland, chiefly to
+observe the Dutch mode of cultivating the Pine, and the Grape. Mr.
+Loudon, in his Encyclop. calls him "the Moses of modern British vine
+dressers;" and in the Gardener's Magazine for January, 1828, has given
+an interesting and honourable character of him. He died at Great Milton,
+in 1819, aged eighty-six.[60] Marshall, in his Planting and Rural
+Ornament, has given us Mr. Speechley's sensible letter on the Duke of
+Portland's Plantations. Mr. Johnson says "he perhaps surpassed every
+practical gardener of his age."
+
+
+PHILIP LE BROCQ, chaplain to the Duke of Gloucester, wrote,
+
+1, A Description of Certain Methods of Planting, Training, and Managing
+all Kinds of Fruit Trees, Vines, &c. London, 8vo. 1786.
+
+2, Sketch of a Plan for making the New Forest, a Real Forest.
+_Stockdale_, 8vo. 1793.
+
+
+WALTER NICHOL, whom Mr. Loudon, in his Encyclopædia, calls an author of
+merit, and informs us that Mr. Nichol, "in the year 1810, undertook an
+extensive journey through England, for the purpose of visiting the
+principal seats and plantations, with a view, on his return, to compose
+the _Planter's Calendar_. This work had scarcely commenced, when he was
+seized with an illness which carried him off suddenly, in March, 1811."
+His works appear to be the following:--
+
+The Gardener's Kalendar; or, Monthly Directory of every Branch of
+Horticulture; 8vo.
+
+The Planter's Kalendar; or, the Nurseryman's and Forester's Guide; 8vo.
+
+The Villa Garden Directory; or, Monthly Index of Work to be done in
+Gardens, Shrubberies, &c.; 12mo.
+
+Scotch Forcing Gardener; 8vo.
+
+The Practical Planter.
+
+Mr. Johnson says "his works are of the first authority, and rank as the
+equals of those of Abercrombie, being the result of long practice during
+an enlightened era of our art."
+
+
+JAMES MADDOCK, of the Society of Friends, and commercial florist, at
+Walworth, where, about the middle of last century, he established the
+florist garden there, now belonging to Milliken and Curtis. He died
+about 1806. He published the Florist's Directory, and Complete Treatise
+on the Culture of Flowers; 8vo. 1792. New editions in 1810 and 1822.
+
+THOMAS S. D. BUCKNALL, Esq. published the Orchardist; extracted from the
+Society's Trans. for the Encouragement of Arts, &c.; _with additions_.
+8vo. 1797.
+
+I had omitted the following, for which I am indebted to Mr. Johnson's
+History of English Gardening:--
+
+RICHARD RICHARDSON. De cultu Hortorum, Carmen. 4to. London, 1669.
+
+Of either of the above enumerated Authors on Gardening, I have not been
+able to discover any Portrait.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+   Of the following we _have_ Portraits:--
+
+LEONARD MASCALL'S portrait appears at the bottom of the curious title
+page to his "Government of Cattle," 4to. and is _scarce_. He published,
+in 1572, "The New Art of Planting and Grafting;" 4to. and in 12mo.
+Another edition in 1652.
+
+DR. WILLIAM BULLEYN practised physic at Durham. He died in 1576. He had
+the misfortune to lose great part of his library by shipwreck. He was
+thrown into prison for debt, where he wrote a great part of his medical
+treatises. Bishop Tanner says he was a man of acute judgment, and true
+piety. He was universally esteemed as a polished scholar, and as a man
+of probity, benevolence, and piety. I gather the following from Dr.
+Pulteney:--"Of Dr. Bulleyn there is a profile with a long beard, before
+his "Government of Health," and a whole length of him, in wood, prefixed
+to the "Bulwarke of Defence;" which book is a collection of most of his
+works. He was an ancestor of the late Dr. Stukely, who, in 1722, was at
+the expence of having a small head of him engraved. He proves that we
+had excellent apples, pears, plums, cherries and hops, of our own
+growth, (before the importation of these articles into England), by
+London and Kentish gardeners. His zeal for the promotion of the useful
+arts of gardening, the general culture of the land, and the commercial
+interests of the kingdom, deserved the highest praise; and for the
+information he has left of these affairs, in his own time, posterity owe
+him acknowledgments." In a note to his Life, in the Biog. Dict., 7 vols.
+folio, 1748, is a curious account of many fruits, &c. then in our
+gardens. The same note is in Kippis. Richardson's portraits to Granger
+gives us the above profile. Mr. Johnson, at page 51 of his History of
+English Gardening, pointedly says, "Dr. Bulleyn deserves the veneration
+of every lover of gardening, for his strenuous advocating its cause, at
+a time when it had become a fashion to depreciate the products of our
+English gardens." And at page 57, pays him a further just tribute.
+
+THOMAS HYLL, who, in 1574, published, in 4to., "The Profitable Arte of
+Gardeninge." Another edition in 1593, 4to. His interesting chapter on
+Bees is annexed to these editions."[61] There appears another edition in
+small 12mo. imprinted at London, in Flete-strete, neare to St.
+Dunstone's Church, by Thomas Marshe, 1658. There are other editions, as
+1570 and 1574, 4to.; 1568, 12mo.; and 1563 and 1594, 16mo. Bromley thus
+mentions a portrait of him:--"Thomas Hill, wooden cut, prefixed to his
+Physiognomie; 12mo. 1571. Aged 42. A friend to Hyll, in a complimentary
+letter, prefixed to the above book, thus, in part, addresses the
+reader:--
+
+   _With painfull pen the writer hath exprest in English plane,
+   The needfull ayd, and mightie force, that doth in hearbes remaine,
+   The time to set, the time to plant, the time to raise again,
+   This man by treble diligence hath brought to light with paine._
+
+The portraits of the Lord Chancellor BACON are well known; but in Mr.
+Montagu's late edition of his works, a new or juvenile portrait is
+added, namely, a most expressive, intelligent, and beautiful miniature
+of him at his age of eighteen, by Hilyard, of whom Dr. Donne said,
+
+         ----_a hand or eye
+   By Hilyard drawn, is worth a history
+   By a worse painter._
+
+This fine edition of his works is illustrated by five portraits, taken
+at different periods of his lordship's life; by engravings of his
+residence, and monument, fac-similes, and other embellishments. In
+Mallett's edition are two portraits, one by Vertue, finely
+engraved.[62]
+
+GERARDE'S portrait (a fine one) is prefixed to his own edition of his
+Herbal. Two coats of arms are at the bottom. No painter, or engraver's
+name, except the initials, W. R. intertwined, which I suppose are those
+of W. Rogers, the engraver. There is another good head of Gerarde, a
+small oval one, in the title page to Johnson's edition. A portrait, in
+oil, of Gerarde, was sold by Mr. Christie, Nov. 11, 1826. Dr. Pulteney
+reviews both these Herbals. Gerarde is highly extolled by Dr. Bulleyn,
+and indeed attained deserved eminence in his day. Dr. Pulteney relates
+that "the thousand novelties which were brought into England by our
+circumnavigators, Raleigh and Cavendish, in 1580 and 1588, excited a
+degree of attention, which at this day cannot, without the aid of
+considerable recollection, be easily conceived. Raleigh himself appears
+to have possessed a larger share of taste for the curious productions of
+nature, than was common to the seafaring adventurers of that period. And
+posterity will rank these voyagers among the greatest benefactors to
+this kingdom, in having been the means, if tradition may be credited, of
+introducing the most useful root that Providence has held forth for the
+service of man. A voyage round the globe, howsoever familiarized in
+ours, was, in that age, a most interesting and fruitful occasion of
+enquiry. The return of Raleigh, and the fame of his manifold discoveries
+and collections, brought over from the continent the celebrated Clusius,
+then in the fifty-fifth year of his age. He, who added more to the stock
+of botany, in his day, than all his contemporaries united, visited
+England for the third time, to partake, at this critical juncture, in
+the general gratification. At this eventful period, Gerarde was in the
+vigour of life, and, without doubt, felt the influence, and reaped
+the advantage of all the circumstances I have enumerated." One
+of the editions of Gerarde thus appears in a bookseller's
+catalogue:--"Gerarde's Herball; or Generall Historie of Plants, very
+much enlarged by Johnson, folio, _beautiful impression of the
+frontispiece by Payne, fine copy, old Russia, gilt back, £3. 18s.
+1633_.[63]
+
+
+WALTER BLYTHE'S whole-length portrait (exhibiting a pensive and
+penetrating aspect), is prefixed to his "English Improver Improved;" and
+which work Professor Martyn terms "an original and incomparable work for
+the time." Dr. Beale calls him "honest Captain Blithe."
+
+
+GERVASE MARKHAM'S portrait is prefixed to his "Perfect Horseman;" 8vo.
+It is re-engraved for Richardson's portraits to Granger. Markham
+appears to have been a good soldier, as well as a good scholar. He
+published in 4to. 1623, "The Country House-Wife's Garden." He wrote
+Herod and Antipater, a tragedy. Langbaine speaks very much in his
+praise, and seemingly not without reason. Dr. Dibden, in his "Library
+Companion," says, "on many accounts does Markham seem entitled to more
+notice and commendation." He translated Leibault's Maison Rustique, in
+1616, in 4to. or small folio, and augmented it with many additions from
+Oliver de Serres, and others. Weston, in his Catalogue, says he
+re-printed the editions in 1614 and 1631, of Barnaby Gooche's Husbandry.
+He published many books on husbandry, on fowling, on angling, on
+military discipline, on horsemanship. Many of their titles are
+enumerated in Langbaine, and in Weston, and they appear all to be more
+fully stated in Watts's Bibl. Brit. Much information, as to Markham, may
+be seen in vol. ii. of the Censura Literaria; and in Sir E. Brydges's
+edition of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum, appears, perhaps,
+the best list of his works, with a brief memoir.[64]
+
+
+PARKINSON'S excellent portrait, by Marshall, appears in the title page
+to his _Theatrum Botanicum_, in 1640. Some one _may_ now possess the
+original. In his _Paradisus_, 1635, there is a very scurvy engraving of
+his healthy, and hearty-looking old countenance. In this miserable cut,
+which is on wood, the graver, Christopher Switzer, does not seem to have
+had a strife "_with nature to outdo the life_." Marshall's head is
+re-engraved for Richardson's Illustrations to Granger. Parkinson rose to
+such a degree of reputation, as to be appointed Apothecary to King
+James. He was appointed herbalist to Charles I. Dr. Pulteney speaks
+highly of both the above works, particularly of the _Theatrum_. All the
+memorials we have of the private history of this most industrious and
+zealous herbalist, are very scanty. He died about 1645, aged about 78.
+The curious contents of his _Paradisus_ are diffusively narrated in
+Johnson's English Gardening. When perusing the pages of either of the
+above, one may exclaim,
+
+                           ----"not a tree,
+   A plant, a leaf, a blossom, but contains
+   A folio volume. We may read, and read,
+   And read again; and still find something new,
+   Something to please, and something to instruct,
+   E'en in the humble weed."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The above is scarcely better than Switzer's. There appears no faithful
+portrait of Parkinson, but Marshall's, who _had the felicity_ to draw
+other portraits besides his.
+
+Hollar's striking portraits of the TRADESCANTS, are well known. On their
+tomb, at Lambeth, the following lines form part of the inscription:--
+
+   These famous Antiquarians, that had been
+   Both Gardeners to the rose and lily Queen,
+   Transplanted now themselves, sleep here; and when
+   Angels shall with their trumpets waken men,
+   And fire shall purge the world, these hence shall rise,
+   And change this Garden for a Paradise.
+
+In the Ashmolean Museum, is a portrait of the SON, _in his garden_, with
+a spade in his hand. In Mr. Nichols's "Illustrations to Granger,"
+consisting of seventy-five portraits, appear those of the Tradescants,
+father and son. Smith also engraved John Tradescant, with his son, and
+their monument, 1793. Mr. Weston, in his Catalogue, fully describes the
+_Museum Tradescantium_. Dr. Pulteney observes, that "in a work devoted
+to the commemoration of Botanists, their name stands too high not to
+demand an honourable notice; since they contributed, at an early period,
+by their garden and museum, to raise a curiosity that was eminently
+useful to the progress and improvement of natural history in general.
+The reader may see a curious account of the remains of this garden,
+drawn up in the year 1749, by the late Sir W. Watson, and printed in
+vol. xlvi. of the Phil. Trans. The son died in 1662. His widow erected a
+curious monument, in memory of the family, in Lambeth church-yard, of
+which a large account, and engravings from a drawing of it in the
+Pepysian Library, at Cambridge, are given by the late learned Dr.
+Ducarel, in vol. lxiii. of the Phil. Trans."
+
+
+SIR HENRY WOTTON, Provost of Eaton. His portrait is given in Isaac
+Walton's Lives of Wotton, and others. It, of course, accompanies
+Zouch's, and the other well-known editions of Isaac Walton's Lives. In
+Evans's Illustrations to Granger, is Sir H. Wotton, from the picture in
+the Bodleian Library, engraved by _Stow_. In Sir Henry's Reflections on
+Ancient and Modern Learning, is his chapter "On Ancient and Modern
+Agriculture and Gardening." Cowley wrote an elegy on him, which thus
+commences:--
+
+   What shall we say since silent now is he,
+   Who when he spoke, all things would silent be;
+   Who had so many languages in store,
+   That only Fame can speak of him with more.
+
+Isaac Walton published the "_Reliquiæ Wottonianæ_, or, Lives, Letters,
+Poems, &c. by Sir Henry Wotton," 12mo. 1654, with portraits of Wotton,
+Charles I., Earl of Essex, and Buckingham. Sir E. Brydges printed at his
+private press, at Lee Priory, Sir Henry's Characters of the Earl of
+Essex and Buckingham. In the _Reliquiæ_, among many curious and
+interesting articles, is preserved Sir Henry's delicately complimentary
+letter to Milton on receiving from him _Comus_. Sir Henry, when a
+resident at Venice, (where he was sent on three several embassies by
+James) purchased for that munificent encourager of painting, the Duke of
+Buckingham, several valuable pictures, which were added to the Duke's
+magnificent collection. Isaac Walton's Life of Wotton thus
+concludes:--"Dying worthy of his name and family, worthy of the love of
+so many princes, and persons of eminent wisdom and learning, worthy of
+the trust committed unto him for the service of his prince and country."
+And, in his Angler, he thus sweetly paints the warm attachment he had
+for Wotton:--"a man with whom I have often fished and conversed, whose
+learning, wit, and cheerfulness, made his company to be esteemed one of
+the delights of mankind. Peace and patience, and a calm content, did
+cohabit in the cheerful heart of Sir Henry Wotton."
+
+
+SIR THOMAS BROWNE. Mr. Dallaway, in his Anecdotes of the Arts, mentions
+the following portrait of Sir Thomas:--"At Devonshire-house is a family
+groupe, by Dobson, of Sir Thomas Browne. He is smiling with the utmost
+complacency upon his children, who surround him." His portrait is also
+prefixed to his works. The Biograph. Dict., folio, 1748, says, "his
+picture, in the College of Physicians, shews him to have been remarkably
+handsome, and to have possessed, in a singular degree, the blessings of
+a grave, yet cheerful and inviting, countenance." The same work farther
+gives him a most amiable character. Mr. Ray, in his Ornithology, does
+not omit paying a just compliment to his assistant and friend, "the
+deservedly famous Sir Thomas Browne." Evelyn, in 1671, mentions Sir
+Thomas Browne's garden at Norwich, as containing a paradise of
+varieties, and the gardens of all the inhabitants as full of excellent
+flowers. Switzer says, "The noble elegance of his style has since
+induced many to read his works, (of which, that of _Cyrus's gardens_ is
+some of the brightest,) though they have had little inclination to the
+practice of gardening itself. There remains nothing that I have heard of
+his putting gardening actually into practice himself; but some of his
+last works being observations on several scarce plants mentioned in
+Scripture; and of Garlands and Coronary garden plants and flowers, 'tis
+reasonable to suppose he did; and the love he had so early and late
+discovered toward it, was completed in the delightful practice thereof."
+He further says, " his elaborate and ingenious pen has not a little
+added to the nobleness of our subject."[65] His works were published in
+1 vol. folio, 1686, with his portrait, engraved by White. His portrait
+appears also to his "Certain Miscellany Tracts," 8vo. A list of his
+numerous works may be seen in the Biogr. Dictionaires, or in Watts's
+Bibl. Britt. To his "Christian Morals," Dr. Johnson has prefixed his
+Life. It is so masterly written, that it is impossible to give even an
+abstract. Dr. Kippis has, however, in part, transcribed it. He was
+chosen Honorary Fellow of the College of Physicians, as a man _virtute
+et literas ornatissimus_. In 1671, he received the honour of Knighthood
+from Charles II., a prince, (says Dr. Johnson) "who, with many frailties
+and vices, had yet skill to discover excellence, and virtue to reward it
+with such honorary distinctions, at least, as cost him nothing, yet,
+conferred by a king so judicious and so much beloved, had the power of
+giving merit new lustre and greater popularity." Thus he lived in high
+reputation, till, in his seventy-sixth year, an illness, which tortured
+him a week, put an end to his life, at Norwich, on his birth-day,
+October 19, 1682. "Some of his last words (we are told by _Whitefoot_)
+were expressions of submission to the will of God, and fearlessness of
+death." Dr. Johnson observes, "It is not on the praises of others, but
+on his own writings, that he is to depend for the esteem of posterity;
+of which he will not be easily deprived, while learning shall have any
+reverence among men: for there is no science in which he does not
+discover some skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or
+sacred, abstruse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated
+with success. His exuberance of knowledge, and plenitude of ideas,
+sometimes obstruct the tendency of his reasoning, and the clearness of
+his decisions. On whatever subject he employed his mind, there started
+up immediately so many images before him, that he lost one by grasping
+another. His memory supplied him with so many illustrations, parallel or
+dependent notions, that he was always starting into collateral
+considerations. But the spirit and vigour of his pursuit always gives
+delight; and the reader follows him, without reluctance, through his
+mazes, of themselves flowery and pleasing, and ending at the point
+originally in view. There remains yet an objection against the writings
+of _Browne_, more formidable than the animadversions of criticism. There
+are passages from which some have taken occasion to rank him among
+deists, and others among atheists. It would be difficult to guess how
+any such conclusion should be formed, had not experience shewn that
+there are two sorts of men willing to enlarge the catalogue of infidels.
+When _Browne_ has been numbered among the contemners of religion by the
+fury of its friends, or the artifices of its enemies, it is no difficult
+task to replace him among the most zealous professors of christianity.
+He may perhaps, in the ardour of his imagination, have hazarded an
+expression, which a mind intent upon faults may interpret into heresy,
+if considered apart from the rest of his discourse; but a phrase is not
+to be opposed to volumes. There is scarcely a writer to be found, whose
+profession was not divinity, that has so frequently testified his belief
+of the sacred writings, has appealed to them with such unlimited
+submission, or mentioned them with such unvaried reverence."
+
+
+JOHN EVELYN, ESQ. His portrait by Nanteuil, and that by Kneller, holding
+his _Sylva_ in his hand, are well engraved in Mr. Bray's Memoirs. The
+following remark is from the Quarterly Review, in its review of the same
+work, in 1818:--"At four years old he was taught to read by the parish
+school-master, whose school was over the church porch; and 'at six his
+picture was drawn by one Chanteral, no ill painter.' If this portrait,
+as is not unlikely, be preserved in the family, it should have been
+engraved for the present work; it would have been very interesting to
+compare the countenance of such a person, in childhood, in the flower of
+years, when his head was engraved by Nanteuil, and in ripe old age, when
+he sat to Sir G. Kneller." In Aubrey's Surrey, vol. iv. are many
+interesting particulars of Mr. Evelyn, and his family, and he gives a
+list of his works. He says "his picture was thrice drawn in oil; first,
+in 1641, by one Vanderborcht, brought out of Germany at the same time
+with Hollar, the graver, by the Earl of Arundel; a second time in 1648,
+by Walker; and the third time by Sir G. Kneller, for his friend Mr.
+Pepys, of the Admiralty, of which that at the Royal Society is a copy.
+There is a print of him by Nanteuil, who likewise drew him more than
+once in black and white, with Indian ink; and a picture, in crayon, by
+Luterel." Mr. Evelyn lived in the busy times of Charles I., Cromwell,
+Charles II., James II., and William. He had much personal intercourse
+with Charles II. and James II., and was in the habits of great intimacy
+with many of the ministers of those two monarchs, and of the eminent men
+of those days. Foreigners, distinguished for learning or arts, who came
+to England, did not leave it without visiting him. His manners we may
+presume to have been of the most agreeable kind, for his company was
+sought by the greatest men, not merely by inviting him to their own
+tables, but by their repeated visits to him at his own house. Mr. Evelyn
+lived to the great age of eighty-six, and wished these words to be
+inscribed on his tomb:--"all is vanity that is not honest, and there is
+no solid wisdom but in real piety."[66] Cowley, in a letter to him,
+says, "I know nobody that possesses more private happiness than you do
+in your garden; and yet no man who makes his happiness more publick, by
+a free communication of the art and knowledge of it to others. All that
+I myself am able yet to do, is only to recommend to mankind the search
+of that felicity, which you instruct them how to find and to enjoy." The
+Quarterly Review thus speaks of his _Sylva_:--"The Sylva remained a
+beautiful and enduring memorial of his amusements, his occupations, and
+his studies, his private happiness, and his public virtues. The greater
+part of the woods, which were raised in consequence of Evelyn's
+writings, have been cut down; the oaks have borne the British flag to
+seas and countries which were undiscovered when they were planted, and
+generation after generation has been coffined in the elms. The trees of
+his age, which may yet be standing, are verging fast toward their decay
+and dissolution: but his name is fresh in the land, and his reputation,
+like the trees of an Indian Paradise, exists, and will continue to exist
+in full strength and beauty, uninjured by the course of time." Mr.
+Loudon, in his Encycl. of Gardening, thus speaks of him:--"Evelyn is
+universally allowed to have been one of the warmest friends to
+improvements in gardening and planting, that has ever appeared. He is
+eulogized by Wotton, in his _Reflections on Ancient and Modern
+Learning_, as having done more than all former ages." Switzer calls him
+"that good esquire, the king of gardeners." His life (says Mr. Walpole)
+"was a course of inquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and
+benevolence. He knew that retirement, in his own hands, was industry and
+benefit to mankind; in those of others, laziness and inutility."
+
+There appears the following more modern publications respecting Mr.
+Evelyn:--
+
+1. Sylva, with Notes by Hunter; in 4to, and 8vo.
+
+2. Memoirs and Correspondence of Mr. Evelyn. Edited by Mr. Bray. 5 vols.
+8vo. _Portraits_, and other plates. £3. 10s. Another edition, in 2
+vols., 4to.
+
+3. Evelyn's Miscellaneous Writings, collected and edited, with Notes, by
+Mr. Upcott. Forming a Supplement to the Evelyn Memoirs. 1 vol. 4to. with
+plates, 1825. £3. 10s.
+
+The Encycl. of Gardening enumerates the whole of Mr. Evelyn's works. So
+does Dr. Watts in his Bibl. Britt.; and Mr. Johnson in his History of
+English Gardening.[67]
+
+ABRAHAM COWLEY. The portraits of him are well known. That in Bishop
+Hurd's edition is very neat. This same portrait is also well engraved
+for Ankars's edition of Cowley; and also in that by Aikens, in 8vo. Dean
+Sprat has prefixed to his edition of Cowley, his portrait, engraved by
+Faithorne, and, in his preface, pays a warm and just tribute to his
+memory. When his death was announced to Charles II., he declared, that
+Mr. Cowley had not left a better man behind him in England. Cowley
+addresses his chapter _Of Gardens_ (which strongly paints his delight in
+them) to Mr. Evelyn. He wrote this epitaph for himself:--
+
+   From life's superfluous cares enlarg'd,
+   His debt of human toil discharg'd,
+   Here COWLEY lies, beneath this shed,
+   To ev'ry worldly interest _dead_:
+   With decent poverty content;
+   His hours of ease not idly spent;
+   To fortune's goods a foe profess'd,
+   And, hating wealth, by all caress'd.
+   'Tis sure he's _dead_; for, lo! how small
+   A spot of earth is now his all!
+   O! wish that earth may lightly lay,
+   And ev'ry care be far away!
+   Bring flow'rs, the short-liv'd roses bring,
+   To _life deceased_ fit offering!
+   And sweets around the poet strow,
+   Whilst yet with life his ashes glow.
+
+
+JOHN ROSE, head gardener to the Lord Essex, at Essex-house, in the
+Strand. He sent him to study the celebrated beauties in the gardens of
+Versailles. He became afterwards the chief gardener to Charles II., at
+the royal gardens in St. James's Park. His portrait may be seen at
+Kensington, in an oil painting, where he is presenting a pine to his
+Majesty, whilst on a visit to the Duchess of Cleveland, at Downey Court,
+Buckinghamshire. It has lately been engraved in mezzotinto. He was the
+author of "The English Vineyard Vindicated, and the Way of Making Wine
+in France;" first printed with Evelyn's French Gardener, in 1672, 12mo.
+Other editions in 1675, 1676, and 1690, in 8vo. The preface is by
+Evelyn, as well as The Art of Making Wine. Rose brought to great
+perfection dwarf fruit trees, in the gardens at Hampton Court, Carlton,
+and Marlborough House. Switzer thus speaks of him:--"He was esteemed to
+be the best of his profession in those days, and ought to be remembered
+for the encouragement he gave to a servant of his, that has since made
+the greatest figure that ever yet any gardener did, I mean Mr. London.
+Mr. Rose may be well ranked amongst the greatest virtuosos of that time,
+(now dead) who were all well pleased to accept of his company while
+living."
+
+
+CHARLES COTTON. He published "The Planter's Manual," 12mo. 1675. There
+is prefixed to it a rural frontispiece, by Van Houe. Mr. Johnson
+properly calls him "one of the _Scriptores minores_ of horticulture."
+His "devoted attachment to Izaak Walton, forms the best evidence we have
+of his naturally amiable disposition." His portrait is finely engraved
+in Mr. Major's extensively illustrated and most attractive editions of
+the Angler; a delightful book, exhibiting a "matchless picture of rural
+nature." Mr. Cotton's portrait is also well engraved in Zouch's Life of
+Walton; and in the many other curious and embellished editions of Walton
+and Cotton's Angler. He translated with such truth and spirit, the
+celebrated Essays of Montaigne, that he received from that superior
+critic, the Marquis of Halifax, a most elegant encomium. Sir John
+Hawkins calls it "one of the most valuable books in the English
+language." A complete list of Mr. Cotton's works appears in Watts's
+Bibl. Britt. When describing, in his _Wonders of the Peake_, the Queen
+of Scot's Pillar, he thus breaks out:--
+
+   Illustrious _Mary_, it had happy been,
+   Had you then found a cave like this to skreen
+   Your sacred person from those frontier spies,
+   That of a sovereign princess durst make prize,
+   When Neptune too officiously bore
+   Your cred'lous innocence to this faithless shore.
+   Oh, _England_! once who hadst the only fame
+   Of being kind to all who hither came
+   For refuge and protection, how couldst thou
+   So strangely alter thy good nature now,
+   Where there was so much excellence to move,
+   Not only thy compassion, but thy love?
+   'Twas strange on earth, save _Caledonian_ ground,
+   So impudent a villain could be found,
+   Such majesty and sweetness to accuse;
+   Or, after that, a judge would not refuse
+   Her sentence to pronounce; or that being done,
+   Even amongst bloody'st hangmen, to find one
+   Durst, though her face was veil'd, and neck laid down,
+   Strike off the fairest head e'er wore a crown.
+   And what state policy there might be here,
+   Which does with right too often interfere,
+   I 'm not to judge: yet thus far dare be bold,
+   A fouler act the sun did ne'er behold.[68]
+
+Plott, in his Staffordshire, calls Mr. Cotton "his worthy, learned, and
+most ingenious friend." Sir John Hawkins thus speaks of him:--"He was
+both a wit and a scholar; of an open, cheerful, and hospitable temper;
+endowed with fine talents for conversation, and the courtesy and
+affability of a gentleman." He farther thus speaks of one of his
+poems:--"It is not for their courtly and elegant turn, that the verses
+of Charles Cotton ought to be praised; there is such a delightful flow
+of feeling and sentiment, so much of the best part of our nature mixed
+up in them, and so much fancy displayed, that one of our most
+distinguished living poets has adduced several passages of his Ode upon
+Winter, for a general illustration of the characteristics of fancy." He
+must have possessed many endearing qualities, for the benevolent and
+pious Walton thus concludes a letter to his "most honoured friend,
+Charles Cotton, Esq.:"--"though I be more than a hundred miles from you,
+and in the eighty-third year of my age, yet I will forget both, and next
+month begin a pilgrimage to beg your pardon: for I would die in your
+favour, and till then will live, Sir, your most affectionate father and
+friend, Isaac Walton." One cannot wonder at the good old man wishing to
+visit the courteous and well-bred Mr. Cotton, and to enjoy the
+intercourse of hospitable urbanity, near the pastoral streams of the
+Dove, when he had received such an invitation as the following,
+addressed to his "dear and most worthy friend, Mr. Isaac Walton:"--
+
+   Whilst in this cold and blustering clime,
+     Where bleak winds howl and tempests roar,
+   We pass away the roughest time
+     Has been of many years before;
+
+   Whilst from the most tempestuous nooks
+     The chillest blasts our peace invade,
+   And by great rains our smallest brooks
+     Are almost navigable made;
+
+   Whilst all the ills are so improved,
+     Of this dead quarter of the year,
+   That even you, so much beloved,
+     We would not now wish with us here;
+
+   In this estate, I say, it is
+     Some comfort to us to suppose,
+   That, in a better clime than this,
+     You, our dear friend, have more repose;
+
+   And some delight to me the while,
+     Though nature now does weep in rain,
+   To think that I have seen her smile,
+     And haply may I do again.
+
+   If the all-ruling Power please
+     We live to see another May,
+   We'll recompense an age of these
+     Foul days in one fine fishing day.
+
+   We then shall have a day or two,
+     Perhaps a week, wherein to try
+   What the best master's hand can do
+     With the most deadly killing fly:
+
+   A day with not too bright a beam,
+     A warm, but not a scorching sun,
+   A southern gale to curl the stream,
+     and, master, half our work is done.
+
+   There, whilst behind some bush we wait
+     The scaly people to betray,--
+   We'll prove it just, with treacherous bait
+     To make the preying _Trout_ our prey.
+
+   And think ourselves, in such an hour,
+     Happier than those, though not so high,
+   Who, like _Leviathans_, devour
+     Of meaner men the smaller fry.
+
+   This, my best friend, at my poor home
+     Shall be our pastime and our theme;
+   But then--should you not deign to come,
+     You make all this a flattering dream.
+
+In wandering over the lovely scenes, the pleasant brooks, the
+flower-bespangled meadows, which the moral pages of Isaac Walton so
+unaffectedly delineate, it is impossible not to recur to the name of the
+late author of _Salmonia_, and to reflect, that on these pages he oft
+unbended his vigorous mind from his severe and brilliant discoveries. We
+can now only lament the (almost) premature death of this high-ranked
+philosopher, this great benefactor to the arts, and deep promoter of
+science, whose mortal remains were consigned to his unostentatious tomb,
+at Geneva, in one of the finest evenings of summer, followed by the
+eloquent and amiable historian, De Sismondi, and by other learned and
+illustrious men. One may apply to his last moments at Geneva, (where he
+had arrived only one day before) these lines of his own favourite
+Herbert:--
+
+   _Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,
+     The bridal of the earth and sky,
+   Sweet dews shall weep thy fall to-night,
+     For thou must die!_[69]
+
+
+SAMUEL GILBERT'S portrait is prefixed to his "Florist's Vade Mecum;"
+12mo. In his "Gardener's Almanack," is a particular description of the
+roses cultivated in the English gardens at that period. He was the
+author of "Fons Sanitatis, or the Healing Spring at Willowbridge Wells."
+He was son-in-law to John Rea, the author of Flora, and who planned the
+gardens at Gerard's Bromley. Willowbridge Wells are at a little distance
+from where these once superb gardens were.
+
+JACOB BOBART, the elder, is an admirable portrait, by D. Loggan, taken
+at his age of eighty-one, and engraved by Burghers. Granger says it is
+extremely scarce. Beneath the head, which is dated 1675, is this
+distich:--
+
+   _Thou Germane prince of plants, each year to thee,
+   Thousands of subjects grant a subsidy._
+
+It is a venerable countenance, of deep thought. Richardson re-engraved
+this among his Illustrations to Granger. Granger mentions also a
+whole-length of Bobart in a garden, dog, goat, &c. 4to. The Encycl. of
+Gardening says, "Bobart's descendants are still in Oxford, and known as
+coach proprietors." Do none of them possess the original painting? The
+munificence of the Earl of Danby placed Bobart in the physic garden at
+Oxford, in 1632, as supervisor; and this garden flourished many years
+under his care, and that of his son Jacob, whose zeal and diligence Dr.
+Pulteney records. The elder Bobart was the author of the _Hortus
+Oxoniensis_, 1648. Wood, in his Athenæ, informs us, that "Jacob Bobart
+died in his garden-house, in February, 1679, whereupon his body was
+buried in the church of St. Peter, Oxon." He left two sons, _Jacob_ and
+_Tillemant_. Tillemant became a master coachman between Oxford and
+London, but having had the misfortune to break his leg, became one of
+the beadles of the university. In the preface to Mr. Nicholls's late
+curious work on autographs, among other _albums_, in the British Museum,
+it mentions that of David Krein, in which is the autograph of Jacob
+Bobart, with these verses;--
+
+             ----"virtus sua gloria.
+
+   Think that day lost whose descending sun
+   Views from thy hand no noble action done.
+
+         Yr success and happyness
+               is sincerely wished by
+                     Ja. Bobart, Oxford."
+
+It appears from Ray's History of Plants, that Jacob Bobart, the son, was
+a frequent communicator to him of scarce plants. It was this son who
+published the second volume of Morrison's Oxford History of Plants, who
+wrote its excellent preface, and who engaged _Burghers_ to engrave many
+of the new plants; which engravings are highly commended by Pulteney.
+Mr. Johnson, in page 148 of his History of Gardening, thus pays Bobart a
+high compliment:--"a phalanx of botanists were then contemporaries,
+which previous ages never equalled, nor succeeding ones surpassed. Ray,
+Tournefort, Plumier, Plukenet, Commelin, Rivinus, _Bobart_, Petiver,
+Sherard, Boccone, Linnæus, may be said to have lived in the same age."
+
+JAMES GARDINER. His portrait is engraved by Vertue, from after Verelst,
+and prefixed to his translation of _Rapin on Gardens_, 8vo. second
+edition; no date. A third edition, 8vo. 1728. I believe he also wrote
+"On the Beatitudes;" 2 vols. 8vo. Switzer says, that this "incomparable
+Latin poem was translated by an ingenious and worthily dignified
+clergyman, and a great lover of gardening, Mr. Gardiner, Sub-Dean of
+Lincoln." He became afterwards (I believe) Bishop of Lincoln; and a
+Latin epitaph on this bishop is in Peck's _Desid. Curiosa._ There is a
+print of "Jacobus Gardiner, Episc. Lincoln," engraved by George White,
+from after Dahl.
+
+SIR WILLIAM TEMPLE. The portraits of this worthy man are numerous.
+Vanderbane's engraving, from Sir Peter Lely's, is particularly fine.
+Vertue's engravings, from Sir Peter, in the folio editions of 1720 and
+1740, are also fine. This same portrait is neatly engraved in the late
+Mr. Nichol's Collection of Poems. Houbraken has also engraved the same
+for Birch's Lives. Sir William Temple, after spending twenty years in
+negociations with foreign powers, retired in 1680 from public life, and
+employed his time in literary pursuits. He was ambassador for many years
+at the court of Holland, and there acquired his knowledge and taste in
+gardening. He had a garden at Sheen, and afterwards, another at Moor
+Park, where he died in 1700; and though his body was buried in
+Westminster Abbey, his heart was enclosed in a silver urn under a
+sun-dial in the latter garden. His Essay "Upon the Gardens of Epicurus,
+or of Gardening in the year 1685," is printed in all the editions of his
+works.[70] These works are published in 2 vols. folio, and 4 vols. 8vo.
+Switzer, in his History of Gardening, first published in 1715, says,
+"That he was a great lover of gardening, appears by his own writings,
+and several kinds of fruit brought over by him out of Holland, &c. as
+well as by the testimony of his neighbours _yet living_, the greatest
+consolation of his life being, in the lucid intervals he had from public
+employs, in his beloved gardens at _Sheen_." And, in his Fruit Gardener
+he says, that "the magnificence and generosity of this great lover of
+planting, distributed vast numbers of the finest grapes among the
+nurserymen about London, as well as amongst the nobility and gentry."
+Lord Mountmorris thus speaks of him:--"The retirement of this great man
+has bequeathed the most invaluable legacy to posterity. Of the taste and
+elegance of his writings too much can never be said, illuminated as they
+are by that probity and candour which pervade them, and those charms
+which render truth irresistible. Though other writers may be more the
+objects of imitation to the scholar, yet his style is certainly the best
+adapted to the politician and the man of fashion; nor would such an
+opinion be given, were it not for an anecdote of Swift, which I had from
+the late Mr. Sheridan, who told me the dean always recommended him as
+the best model, and had repeatedly said that the style of Sir William
+Temple was the easiest, the most liberal, and the most brilliant
+in our language. In a word, when we consider his probity, his
+disinterestedness, his contempt of wealth, the genuine beauty of his
+style, which was as brilliant, as harmonious, and as pure as his life
+and manners; when we reflect upon the treasures which he has bequeathed
+by his example and by his works to his country, which no man ever loved
+better, or esteemed more; we cannot avoid considering Sir William Temple
+as one of the greatest characters which has appeared upon the political
+stage; and he may be justly classed with the greatest names of
+antiquity, and with the most brilliant characters which adorn and
+illustrate the Grecian or Roman annals." Mr. Mason, in his English
+Garden, contrasts Sir William's idea of "a perfect garden," with those
+of Lord Bacon, and Milton; but he candidly says,
+
+                        ----and yet full oft
+   O'er Temple's studious hour did truth preside,
+   Sprinkling her lustre o'er his classic page;
+   There hear his candour own, in fashion's spite,
+   In spite of courtly dulness hear it own,
+   _There is a grace in wild variety
+   Surpassing rule and order._ Temple, yes,
+   There is a grace; and let eternal wreaths
+   Adorn their brows who fixt its empire here."
+
+He then, in glowing lines, pays an animated tribute to Addison, Pope,
+and Kent. Hume records that "he was full of honour and humanity." Sir
+William thus concludes one of his philosophic essays:--"When this is
+done, human life is, at the greatest and the best, but like a froward
+child, that must be played with and humoured a little to keep it quiet
+till it falls asleep, and then the care is over." His garden was one of
+his last delights. He knew what kind of life was best fitted to make a
+man's last days happy. Mr. Walpole, though he censures Sir William's
+warm panegyric on the garden at Moor Park, yet scruples not doing him
+full justice, in styling him an excellent man, and an admired writer,
+whose style, as to his garden, is animated with the colouring and glow
+of poetry. Mr. Cobbett, in his _English Gardener_, thus deplores the
+fate of Moor Park:--"This really wise and excellent man, Sir W. Temple,
+who, while he possessed the soundest judgment, and was employed in some
+of the greatest concerns of his country, so ardently, yet so rationally
+and unaffectedly, praises the pursuits of gardening, in which he
+delighted from his youth to his old age; and of his taste in which, he
+gave such delightful proofs in those gardens and grounds at Moor Park,
+beneath the turf of one spot of which, he caused by his will, his heart
+to be buried, and which spot, together with all the rest of the
+beautiful arrangement, has been torn about and disfigured within the
+last fifty years, by a succession of wine merchants, spirit merchants,
+West Indians, and God knows what besides." And, in his _Woodlands_, he
+says, "I have stood for hours, when a little boy, looking at this object
+(the canal and borders of beautiful flowers at Moor Park); I have
+travelled far since, and have seen a great deal; but I have never seen
+any thing of the gardening kind so beautiful in the whole course of my
+life." Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, after noticing
+many general particulars of Sir William, devotes an interesting page to
+Sir William's attachment to gardening; and every line in this generous
+page, betrays his own delight in this art. He thus concludes this
+page:--"Nothing can demonstrate more fully the delight he took in
+gardening, than the direction left in his will, that his heart should be
+buried beneath the sun-dial of his garden, at Moor Park, near Farnham,
+in Surrey. In accordance with which, it was deposited there in a silver
+box, affording another instance of the ruling passion unweakened even in
+death. Nor was this an unphilosophical clinging to that which it was
+impossible to retain; but rather that grateful feeling, common to our
+nature, of desiring finally to repose where in life we have been happy.
+In his garden, Sir William Temple had spent the calmest hours of a
+well-spent life, and where his heart had been most peaceful, he wished
+its dust to mingle, and thus, at the same time, offering his last
+testimony to the sentiment, that in a garden
+
+   _Hic secura quies, et nescia fallere vita._"
+
+JOHN LOCKE wrote "Observations upon the Growth of Vines and Olives; the
+Production of Silk, the Preservation of Fruits. Written at the request
+of the Earl of Shaftesbury; now first printed from the original
+manuscript in the possession of the present Earl of Shaftesbury, 1s. 6d.
+Sandby, 1766." Among the many portraits we have of this learned man, the
+public are indebted to Lord King, for having prefixed to his Life of Mr.
+Locke, a very fine portrait of him, from after Greenhill. This great and
+good man possessed, in the highest degree, those virtues that have
+given him a claim to the highest rank in the admiration of posterity. In
+Rutter's delineations of a part of Somersetshire, he gives a neat
+wood-cut of the cottage at Wrington, wherein Locke was born, and he
+informs us, that in the garden belonging to Mrs. Hannah More, near that
+village, she has placed an urn commemorative of Locke, which was a gift
+to her from the justly celebrated Mrs. Montague. He was drawn also by
+Kneller. Bromley gives a list of many of his engraved portraits.
+Houbraken engraved one for Birch's Lives. Vertue gave two engravings
+from Kneller.
+
+WILLIAM FLEETWOOD, successively Bishop of St. Asaph and Ely, and who
+died in 1723, was author of "Curiosities of Nature and Art in Husbandry
+and Gardening," 8vo. 1707. His portrait is prefixed to his "Sermons on
+the Relative Duties," 8vo. 1716; and also to his "Essay on the
+Miracles." His works were published in a collected form in 1 vol. folio,
+1737. He was incontestibly the best preacher in his time. Dr. Doddridge
+calls him "silver tongued." Pope's line of
+
+   _The gracious dew of pulpit eloquence_,
+
+might, no doubt, have been justly applied to him. Dr. Drake, in the
+third volume of his Essays, to illustrate the Tatler, Spectator, and
+Guardian, has some interesting pages respecting him. His benevolent
+heart and exemplary life, added great effect to his persuasive eloquence
+in the pulpit. "His sermons (says Lempriere), and divinity tracts, were
+widely circulated; but the firmness of his opinions drew upon him the
+censure of the House of Commons. His preface to his sermons on the
+deaths of Mary, the Duke of Gloucester, and of William, and on the
+accession of Anne, gave such offence to the ministry, that the book was
+publicly burnt in 1712; but it was more universally read, and even
+appeared in the Spectator, No. 384." As to this burning, Dr. Johnson
+remarked, that fire is a conclusive, but not a convincing argument; it
+will certainly destroy any book, but it refutes none.[71] In an
+_Obituary_, preserved in Peck's Desid. Curiosa, it thus mentions the
+death of a Jeffery Fleetwood, "leaving a wife and six little children
+behind him. God bless them. One of these little children was the famous
+William Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely."
+
+JOSEPH ADDISON, Esq. There is an original portrait of this eminent man,
+at Holland House. Another at Oxford. Noble's continuation of Granger
+enumerates several engravings of him, from Kneller's portraits. Dayl,
+the painter, also drew him. His portrait appears in the Kit Cat Club. In
+Ireland's "Picturesque Views on the River Avon," he gives an interesting
+description of Mr. Addison's house at Bilton, near Rugby, two miles from
+Dunchurch; with a view of the same. The house "remains precisely in the
+state it was at the decease of its former possessor, nor has the
+interior suffered much change in its former decoration. The furniture
+and pictures hold their places with an apparent sacred attention to his
+memory. Among the latter, are three of himself, at different periods of
+his life; in each of which is strongly marked with the pencil, the ease
+of the gentleman, and the open and ingenuous character of the friend to
+humanity." From Dr. Drake's Biographical Sketch of Addison, it appears,
+that these portraits were still remaining in his house in 1797. A copy
+of the above view is given in the Monthly Magazine for February, 1822,
+and it there says, that "the spacious gardens retain the fashion of the
+age of the Spectator." The origin of the modern style of landscape
+gardening, or the first writers on that subject, were unquestionably Mr.
+Addison, in Nos. 414 and 477 of the _Spectator_, and Mr. Pope in his
+celebrated _Guardian_. The first artists who practised in this style,
+were Bridgman and Kent.[72] Mr. Addison's pure taste on these subjects
+is visible even where he prefers Fontainebleau to the magnificent
+Versailles, in his paper in the _Guardian_, No. 101:--"It is situated
+among rocks and woods, that give you a fine variety of savage prospects.
+The king has humoured the genius of the place, and only made use of so
+much art as is necessary to help and regulate nature, without reforming
+her too much. The cascades seem to break through the clefts and cracks
+of rocks that are covered over with moss, and look as if they were piled
+upon one another by accident. There is an artificial wildness in the
+meadows, walks, and canals; and the garden, instead of a wall, is fenced
+on the lower end by a natural mound of rock-work that strikes the eye
+very agreeably. For my part, I think there is something more charming in
+these rude heaps of stone than in so many statues, and would as soon see
+a river winding through woods and meadows, as when it is tossed up in so
+many whimsical figures at Versailles." In No. 414 of his Spectator, he
+says, "English gardens are not so entertaining to the fancy as those in
+France, and Italy, where we see a large extent of ground covered over
+with an agreeable mixture of garden, and forest, which represent every
+where an artificial rudeness, much more charming than that neatness and
+elegancy which we meet with in those of our own country." Mr. Murphy
+thus compares Addison with Johnson:--"Addison lends grace and ornament
+to truth; Johnson gives it force and energy. Addison makes virtue
+amiable; Johnson represents it as an awful duty." Addison has been
+called the English Fenelon. Johnson calls him the Raphael of essay
+writers. The imposing and commanding attitude of the statue erected a
+few years since in the Poets' Corner, seems to have arisen, and to have
+been devoted to his memory, from his _Reflections on the Tombs in the
+Abbey_. Those reflections I here subjoin; and I am sure my reader will
+agree with me, that I could not offer a purer honour to his genius and
+memory:--"No.26, Friday, March 30.
+
+   _Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas
+     Regumque turres, O beate sexti.
+   Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam,
+     Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque manes,
+   Et domus exilis Plutonia._--HOR.
+
+   With equal foot, rich friend, impartial fate
+   Knocks at the cottage, and the palace gate:
+   Life's span forbids thee to extend thy cares,
+   And stretch thy hopes beyond thy tender years:
+   Night soon will seize, and you must quickly go
+   To storied ghosts, and _Pluto's_ house below.--CREECH.
+
+"When I am in a serious humour, I very often walk by myself in
+Westminster Abbey; where the gloominess of the place, and the use to
+which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the
+condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a
+kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable.
+I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the church-yard, the cloisters,
+and the church, amusing myself with the tomb-stones and inscriptions
+that I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them
+recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon
+one day and died upon another: the whole history of his life being
+comprehended in those two circumstances, that are common to all mankind.
+I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass
+or marble, as a kind of satire upon the departed persons; who had left
+no other memorial of them, but that they were born and that they died.
+They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of
+heroic poems, who have sounding names given them, for no other reason
+but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for nothing but being
+knocked on the head.
+
+   _Glaucumque, Medontaque, Thersilochumque._--VIRG.
+
+"The life of these men is finely described in holy writ by _the path of
+an arrow_, which is immediately closed up and lost. Upon my going into
+the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in
+every shovel-full of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or
+skull intermixed with a kind of fresh mouldering earth that some time or
+other had a place in the composition of an human body. Upon this I began
+to consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay
+confused together under the pavement of that ancient cathedral; how men
+and women, friends and enemies, priests and soldiers, monks and
+prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in
+the same common mass; how beauty, strength, and youth, with old age,
+weakness, and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous
+heap of matter. After having thus surveyed this great magazine of
+mortality, as it were in the lump; I examined it more particularly by
+the accounts which I found on several of the monuments which are raised
+in every quarter of that ancient fabrick. Some of them were covered with
+such extravagant epitaphs, that if it were possible for the dead person
+to be acquainted with them, he would blush at the praises which his
+friends have bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest,
+that they deliver the character of the person departed in _Greek_ or
+_Hebrew_, and by that means are not understood once in a twelvemonth. In
+the poetical quarter, I found there were poets who had no monuments, and
+monuments which had no poets. I observed indeed that the present war had
+filled the church with many of these uninhabited monuments, which had
+been erected to the memory of persons whose bodies were buried in the
+plains of _Blenheim_, or in the bosom of the ocean. I could not but be
+very much delighted with several modern epitaphs, which are written with
+great elegance of expression and justness of thought, and therefore do
+honour to the living as well as to the dead. As a foreigner is very apt
+to conceive an idea of the ignorance or politeness of a nation from the
+turn of their public monuments and inscriptions, they should be
+submitted to the perusal of men of learning and genius before they are
+put in execution. Sir_Cloudesly Shovel's_ monument has very often given
+me great offence: instead of the brave rough _English_ admiral, which
+was the distinguishing character of that plain gallant man, he is
+represented on his tomb by the figure of a beau, dressed in a long
+periwig, and reposing himself upon velvet cushions under a canopy of
+state. The inscription is answerable to the monument; for, instead of
+celebrating the many remarkable actions he had performed in the service
+of his country, it acquaints us only with the manner of his death, in
+which it was impossible for him to reap any honour. The _Dutch_, whom we
+are apt to despise for want of genius, shew an infinitely greater taste
+of antiquity and politeness in their buildings and works of this nature,
+than what we meet with in those of our own country. The monuments of
+their admirals, which have been erected at the public expense, represent
+them like themselves; and are adorned with rostral crowns and naval
+ornaments, with beautiful festoons of sea-weed, shells, and coral. But
+to return to our subject. I have left the repository of our English
+kings for the contemplation of another day, when I shall find my mind
+disposed for so serious an amusement. I know that entertainments of this
+nature are apt to raise dark and dismal thoughts in timorous minds, and
+gloomy imaginations; but, for my own part, though I am always serious,
+I do not know what it is to be melancholy; and can therefore take a view
+of nature in her deep and solemn scenes, with the same pleasure as in
+her most gay and delightful ones. By this means I can improve myself
+with those objects which others consider with terror. When I look upon
+the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me; when I read
+the epitaphs of the beautiful, every inordinate desire goes out; when I
+meet with the grief of parents upon a tomb-stone, my heart melts with
+compassion; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves, I consider
+the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow: When I see
+kings lying by those who deposed them, when I consider rival wits placed
+side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests
+and disputes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little
+competitions, factions, and debates of mankind. When I read the several
+dates of the tombs, of some that died yesterday, and some six hundred
+years ago, I consider that great day when we shall all of us be
+contemporaries, and make our appearance together."[73]
+
+
+REV. JOHN LAWRENCE published "The Clergyman's Recreation, shewing the
+Pleasure and Profit of the Art of Gardening;" 8vo. 1714. Also a poem,
+called "Paradise Regained, or the Art of Gardening;" 8vo. 1728. The
+sixth edition of "The Clergyman's Recreation" has "the effigies of the
+author, engraved by Vertue." I have seen eight copies of this sixth
+edition, and in neither of them has this portrait been. No doubt the
+collecting to form Granger's, has deprived each copy of its portrait.
+This is an expressive portrait, ornamented with a vine wreath, and with
+a rich cornucopia or clusters of ripe fruit. The original picture from
+which Vertue's print was taken, was at Pallion, near Durham, the seat of
+his grandson, John Goodchild, Esq. In Rodd's catalogue of engraved
+portraits, printed a few years ago, was "John Lawrence, prebend of
+Salisbury, _original drawing by Vertue_, price 5s." Mr. Lawrence
+published also, in folio, in 1726, his System of Agriculture and
+Gardening. Mr. Nichols, in vol. iv. of his Literary Anecdotes, has given
+a list of all his works, has preserved a few particulars respecting him,
+and pays a just tribute to him. A list of his works may also be seen in
+Watts's Bibl. Brit., and in Mr. Johnson's work. The Encycl. of Gardening
+informs us that he was "of a hospitable and benevolent disposition,
+taking great pleasure in presenting a rich dessert of fruit to his
+friends." He was presented to the rectory of Yelvertoft,
+Northamptonshire, in 1703, "by the extraordinary uncommon bounty of a
+generous patron." In 1721, he was presented to that of Bishop's
+Wearmouth, Durham, where he died in 1732. He was also a prebend of
+Salisbury.[74]
+
+Mr. Lawrence thus enforces the pleasures of a garden, to his own
+order:--"to make them happy by loving an innocent diversion, the
+amusements of a garden being not only most delightful to those that love
+them, but most wholesome to those that use them. A good man knows how to
+recapitulate all his pleasures in a devout lifting up of his hands, his
+eyes and his heart, to the great and bountiful author of nature, who
+gives beauty, relish, and success to all our honest labours." His pen
+likewise paints with "soft and tempting colours," the extreme beauty of
+our fruit-trees, when clothed with their different coloured blossoms,
+(what Lord Byron calls _the sweet and blooming fruits of
+earth_):--"What a pleasing entertainment is it to the eye, to behold
+the apricot in its full blossom, white as snow, and at the same time the
+peach with its crimson-coloured blooms; both beginning to be
+interspersed with green leaves! These are succeeded by the pear, the
+cherry, and the plum, whose blossoms and leaves make a very beautiful
+mixture in the spring; and it cannot be a less pleasant sight to see
+clusters of swelling fruit all the summer, as the earnest of the full
+gratification of another sense in autumn. And now we have come hither,
+what painter can draw a landskip more charming and beautiful to the eye,
+than an old Newington peach-tree laden with fruit in August, when the
+sun has first begun to paint one side of the fruit with such soft and
+tempting colours? The apricot, the pear, the cherry and plum, when they
+appear in plenty as they ought, present themselves to the eye at the
+time of ripening in very inviting blushes. In short, all the several
+sorts of fruit trees have such pleasing varieties, that were there no
+other sense to be gratified but the sight, they may vie with a parterre
+even of the finest flowers." He thus mentions the month of _July_:--"How
+beautiful and refreshing are the mornings and evenings of such days,
+when the very air is perfumed with pleasant odours, and every thing that
+presents itself to the eye gives fresh occasion to the devout admirer to
+praise and adore the Great Creator, who hath given such wisdom and power
+to man to diversify nature in such various instances, and (for his own
+use, pleasure, and profit,) to assist her in all her operations." This
+worthy clergyman might have applied to the delights of a garden, the
+sacred words of scripture:--"her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all
+her paths are peace."[75]
+
+ALEXANDER POPE. Numerous are the engraved portraits of this graceful and
+harmonious poet. Noble's continuation of Granger, gives all, or the
+greater part of the engravings from his portraits, from which it will be
+seen, that he was drawn by Kneller, by Richardson, by many others, and
+particularly by his friend Jervas. As a portrait painter, Mr. Jervas
+was far from eminent. Pope's attachment to him, however, has enshrined
+his name in glowing lines to future generations. The portraits of Pope
+which Jervas drew, were done _con amore_. Mr. Jennings, of Cheapside,
+has prefixed to his elegant folio edition of the "Essay on Man," a
+_whole-length_ of Mr. Pope, from after Jervas. In Dodsley's Collection
+of Poems, vol. iii. is a very striking bust of Mr. Pope, as an
+accompaniment to Mr. Dodsley's affecting poem to his memory, which he
+entitles _The Cave of Pope_. Surely this bust must have strongly
+resembled Pope, or Mr. Dodsley would not have inserted it. The profile
+to Ruffhead's Life, in 4to. 1769, _must_ have been a likeness, or Bishop
+Warburton would not have permitted its insertion. His age was then
+twenty-four. It is finely engraved by Ravenet, from Kneller. It is a
+striking portrait. A copy of this is admirably engraved in Bell's Poets,
+richly ornamented. A copy from that by Richardson is prefixed to
+Warton's edition. Among the portraits at _Hagley_, is that of Pope, and
+his dog Bounce, by Richardson.[76] Lord Chesterfield thus speaks of
+Pope:--"His poor, crazy, deformed body, was a mere Pandora's box,
+containing all the physical ills that ever afflicted humanity. This,
+perhaps, whetted the edge of his satire, and may, in some degree, excuse
+it. I will say nothing of his works; they speak sufficiently for
+themselves; they will live as long as taste and letters shall remain in
+this country, and be more and more admired, as envy and resentment shall
+subside. But I will venture this piece of classical blasphemy: which is,
+that however he may be supposed to be obliged to Horace, Horace is more
+obliged to him." Mr. Ruffhead (generally supposed to have had his
+information from Dr. Warburton) thus states:--"Mr. Pope was low in
+stature, and of a diminutive and misshapen figure, which no one
+ridiculed more pleasantly than himself. His constitution was naturally
+tender and delicate, and in his temper he was naturally mild and
+gentle, yet sometimes betrayed that exquisite sensibility which is the
+concomitant of genius. His lively perception and delicate feeling,
+irritated by wretched ill health, made him too quickly take fire, but
+his good sense and humanity soon rendered him placable. With regard to
+the extent of his genius, it was so wide and various, that perhaps it
+may not be too much to say, that he excelled in every species of
+composition; and, beside his excellence as a poet, he was both an
+antiquarian and an architect, and neither in an inferior degree.[77] No
+man ever entertained more exalted notions of friendship, or was ever
+more sincere, steady, warm, and disinterested, in all his attachments.
+Every inch of his heart was let out in lodgings for his friends." Lord
+Orrery thus speaks of him:--"His prose writings are little less
+harmonious than his verse; and his voice, in common conversation, was so
+naturally musical, that I remember honest Tom Southern used to call him
+the Little Nightingale; his manners were delicate, easy, and engaging;
+he treated his friends with a politeness that charmed, and a generosity
+that was much to his honour. Every guest was made happy within his
+doors; pleasure dwelt under his roof, and elegance presided at his
+table." One may trace Mr. Pope's hospitality throughout his letters. I
+will merely select one or two instances. In a letter to _Swift_, he
+says, "My house is too large; my gardens furnish too much wood and
+provision for _my_ use. My servants are sensible and tender of me. They
+have intermarried, and are become rather low friends than servants.
+Would to God you would come over with Lord Orrery, whose care of you in
+the voyage I could so certainly depend on; and bring with you your old
+housekeeper, and two or three servants. I have room for all, a heart for
+all, and (think what you will) a fortune for all." In another letter to
+Swift, he says, "I wish you had any motive to see this kingdom. I could
+keep you; for I am rich, that is, I have more than I want. I can afford
+room for yourself and two servants. I have, indeed, room enough, nothing
+but myself at home: the kind and hearty housewife is dead! the agreeable
+and instructive neighbour is gone! yet my house is enlarged, and the
+gardens extend and flourish, as knowing nothing of the guests they have
+lost. I have more fruit trees and kitchen garden than you have any
+thought of; nay, I have good melons and pineapples of my own growth." In
+a letter to _Mr. Allen_, he says, "Let me know your day for coming, and
+I will have every room in my house as warm for you as the owner always
+would be." Mr. Mathias, in his Pursuits of Literature, (besides
+expatiating with fond delight, in numerous pages, on the genius of
+Pope,) thus speaks of him:--"Familiar with the great, intimate with the
+polite, graced by the attentions of the fair, admired by the learned, a
+favourite with the nation, independent in an acquired opulence, the
+honourable product of his genius, and of his industry; the companion of
+persons distinguished for their virtue, birth, high fashion, rank, or
+wit, and resident in the centre of all public information and
+intelligence; every avenue to knowledge, and every mode of observation
+were open to his curious, prying, piercing, and unwearied
+intellect."[78]
+
+One may with truth further apply to Mr. Pope what was said of Buchanan,
+that his mind was stored with all the fire, and all the graces of
+ancient literature. Mr. Pope's attachment to _gardens_, appears not only
+in his letter to Martha Blount, describing Sir W. Raleigh's seat--but in
+his own garden at Twickenham, (where, as Mr. Loudon feelingly observes,
+_only the soil of which now remains_)--and in his letter to Mr. Blount,
+describing his grotto--but it also bursts forth in many passages
+throughout his works--and in his celebrated _Guardian_ (No. 173), which
+attacks, with the keenest wit, "our study to recede from nature," in our
+giants made out of yews, and lavender pigs with sage growing in their
+bellies. His epistle to Lord Burlington confirms the charms he felt in
+studying nature. Mr. Mason, in a note to his English Garden, says, "I
+had before called Bacon the prophet, and Milton, the herald of true
+taste in gardening. The former, because, in developing the constituent
+properties of a princely garden, he had largely expatiated upon that
+adorned natural wildness which we now deem the essence of the art. The
+latter, on account of his having made this natural wildness the leading
+idea in his exquisite description of Paradise. I here call Addison,
+_Pope_, Kent, &c. the champions of this true taste." As Mr. Mason has
+added an _&c._, may we not add to these respected names, that of honest
+old Bridgman? It was the determination of Lord Byron (had his life been
+longer spared), to have erected, at his own expence, a monument to
+Pope.[79] We can gather even from his rapid and hurried "Letter on the
+Rev. W. L. Bowles's Strictures," his attachment to the high name of
+Pope:--"If Lucretius had not been spoiled by the Epicurean system, we
+should have had a far superior poem to any now in existence. As mere
+poetry, it is the first of Latin poems. What then has ruined it? His
+ethics. Pope has not this defect; his moral is as pure as his poetry is
+glorious."--"Pope's charities were his own, and they were noble and
+extensive, far beyond his fortune's warrant."--"I have loved and
+honoured the fame and name of that illustrious and unrivalled man, far
+more than my own paltry renown, and the trashy jingle of the crowd of
+schools and upstarts, who pretend to rival, or even surpass him. Sooner
+than a single leaf should be torn from _his_ laurel, it were better that
+all which these men, and that I, as one of their set, have ever
+written, should
+
+   Line trunks, clothe spice, or, fluttering in a row,
+   Befringe the rails of Bedlam, or Soho."
+
+"The most _perfect_ of our poets, and the purest of our moralists."--"He
+is the _moral_ poet of all civilization; and, as such, let us hope that
+he will one day be the national poet of mankind. He is the only poet
+that never shocks; the only poet whose _faultlessness_ has been made his
+reproach. Cast your eye over his productions; consider their extent, and
+contemplate their variety:--pastoral, passion, mock-heroic, translation,
+satire, ethics,--all excellent, and often perfect. If his great charm be
+his _melody_, how comes it that foreigners adore him even in their
+diluted translations?"[80]
+
+Mr. Mason has also farther recorded the resplendent fame of this
+celebrated man; for in his _Musæus_, a monody to the memory of Pope, he
+invokes the shades of Chaucer, Spencer, and Milton, to do homage to his
+departing spirit:--
+
+                 ----to cheer thee at this rueful time
+   While black death doth on thy heart-strings prey.
+   So may we greet thee with a nobler strain,
+   When soon we meet for aye in yon star-sprinkled plain.
+
+Milton thus begins _his_ homage:--
+
+   Thrice hail, thou heaven-taught warbler, last and best
+   Of all the train! Poet, in whom conjoin'd
+   All that to ear, or heart, or head, could yield
+   Rapture; harmonious, manly, clear, sublime!
+   Accept this gratulation: may it cheer
+   Thy sinking soul; or these corporeal ills
+   Ought daunt thee, nor appal. Know, in high heav'n
+   Fame blooms eternal on that spirit divine,
+   Who builds immortal verse."[81]
+
+Sir E. Brydges, in his "Letters on the Genius of Lord Byron," thus
+characterizes the grace and sweetness of his pathetic powers, in his
+_Eloisa_:--"When either his passions or imaginations _were_ roused, they
+were deep, strong, and splendid. Notwithstanding _Eloisa_ was an
+historical subject, his invention of circumstances of detail, his
+imagery, the changes and turns of passion, the brilliancy of hues thrown
+upon the whole, the eloquence, the tenderness, the fire, the inimitable
+grace and felicity of language, were all the fruits of creative genius.
+This poem stands alone in its kind; never anticipated, and never likely
+to be approached hereafter."
+
+Young uttered this sublime apostrophe when the death of Pope was first
+announced to him:--
+
+   _Thou, who couldst make immortals_, art thou dead?
+
+Of his _Essay on Man_, the Nouveau Dict. Hist. Portatif thus
+speaks:--"Une metaphysique lumineuse, ornée des charmes de la poësie,
+une morale touchante, dont les leçons pénetrent le coeur et
+convainquent l'esprit, des peintures vives, ou l'homme apprend a se
+connoître, pour apprendre à deviner meilleur; tels sont les principaux
+caracteres qui distinguent le poëme Anglois. Son imagination est
+également sage et féconde, elle prodigue les pensées neunes, et donne le
+piquant de la nouveanté, aux pensées anciennes; il embelloit les
+matieres les plus seches, par la coloris d'une élocution noble, facile,
+energèque, variée avec un art infini."
+
+In the gardens of Stowe is the following inscription to
+
+                       ALEXANDER POPE,
+           Who, uniting the correctness of judgment
+                    To the fire of genius,
+           By the melody and power of his numbers,
+        Gave sweetness to sense, and grace to philosophy.
+          He employed the pointed brilliancy of his wit
+                    To chastise the vices,
+                 And the eloquence of poetry
+             To exalt the virtues of human nature;
+           And, being without a rival in his own age,
+   Imitated and translated with a spirit equal to the originals,
+                   The best Poets of antiquity.
+
+
+WILLIAM KENT, whose portrait appears in Mr. Dallaway's rich edition of
+the Anecdotes of Painting. Kent, with Bridgman, Pope, and Addison, have
+been termed the fathers of landscape gardening.[82] Mr. Walpole, after
+reviewing the old formal style of our gardens, in language which it is
+painful to me thus only to advert to, instead of copying at length, (for
+I am fully "aware of the mischiefs which generally ensue in _meddling_
+with the productions of genius"); and after stating that when _nature_
+was taken into the plan, every step pointed out new beauties, and
+inspired new ideas: "at that moment appeared Kent, painter enough to
+taste the charms of landscape, bold and opiniative enough to dare and to
+dictate, and born with a genius to strike out a great system from the
+twilight of imperfect essays. He leaped the fence, and saw that all
+nature was a garden. Thus the pencil of his imagination bestowed all the
+arts of landscape on the scenes he handled. But of all the beauties he
+added to the face of this beautiful country, none surpassed his
+management of water. Thus, dealing in none but the colours of nature,
+and catching its most favourable features, men saw a new creation
+opening before their eyes." And again he calls him "the inventor of an
+art that realizes painting, and improves nature: Mahomet imagined an
+elysium, but Kent created many." The greatest of all authorities tells
+us, that in Esher's peaceful grove, both
+
+   Kent and Nature vied for Pelham's love.
+
+Mr. Mason, in his English Garden, thus panegyrises his elysian scenes:--
+
+                       ---- Kent, who felt
+   The pencil's power; but fix'd by higher hopes
+   Of beauty than that pencil knew to paint,
+   Work'd with the living lives that _nature_ lent,
+   And realized his landscapes.
+
+Mr. Pope, as well as Kent, would, and Mr. Walpole, and Mr. Mason, must
+each of them have read with high approbation the following remark of the
+late Sir Uvedale Price:--"the noble and varied works of the eminent
+painters of every age and every country, and those of their supreme
+mistress, Nature, should be the great models of imitation."
+
+Mr. Whateley paints in glowing language, the genius of Kent, both at
+Stowe, and at Claremont. Mr. George Mason thus honestly and finely
+pleads for him:--"According to my own ideas, all that has since been
+done by the most deservedly admired designers, as Southcote, Hamilton,
+Lyttleton, Pitt, Shenstone, Morris, for themselves, and by Wright for
+others, all that has been written on the subject, even the gardening
+didactic poem, and the didactic essay on the picturesque, have proceeded
+from Kent. Had Kent never exterminated the bounds of regularity, never
+actually traversed the way to freedom of manner, would any of these
+celebrated artists have found it of themselves? Theoretic hints from the
+highest authorities, had evidently long existed without sufficient
+effect. And had not these great masters actually executed what Kent's
+example first inspired, them with, the design of executing, would the
+subsequent writers on gardening have been enabled to collect materials
+for precepts, or stores for their imaginations? Mr. Price acknowledges
+himself an admirer of the water-scene at Blenheim. Would it ever have
+appeared in its present shape, if no Kent had previously abolished the
+stiffness of canals! If this original artist had barely rescued the
+liquid element from the constraint of right lines and angles, that
+service alone would have given him an indubitable claim to the respect
+of posterity." The Rev. Mr. Coventry, in his admirable exposure of the
+grotesque absurdities in gardening, (being No. 15 of the World) thus
+speaks of Kent:--"The great Kent at length appeared in behalf of nature,
+declared war against the taste in fashion, and laid the axe to the root
+of artificial evergreens. Gardens were no longer filled with yews in the
+shape of giants, Noah's ark cut in holly, St. George and the Dragon in
+box, cypress lovers, laurustine bears, and all that race of root-born
+monsters which flourished so long, and looked so tremendous round the
+edges of every grass-plat. The great master above mentioned, truly the
+disciple of nature, imitated her in the agreeable wildness and beautiful
+irregularity of her plans, of which there are some noble examples still
+remaining, that abundantly show the power of his creative genius." Mr.
+Dallaway, when treating on architecture, in his Anecdotes of the Arts,
+says, "Kent designed the noble hall at Holkham, terminated by a vast
+staircase, producing, in the whole, an imposing effect of grandeur not
+to be equalled in England." Kent died in 1748. He was a contemporary
+therefore of Horace Walpole. He was buried in the vault at Chiswick,
+belonging to his friend and patron, Lord Burlington.
+
+
+BRIDGMAN'S portrait was a private plate. It exhibited a kind-hearted,
+hale old countenance. As he has the honour of being classed with Mr.
+_Addison_, and with _Pope_, and _Kent_, as one of the champions who
+established the picturesque scenery of landscape gardening, (which
+_Bacon_, and _Spencer_, and _Milton_, as hath been observed, foresaw)
+his portrait must surely be interesting. The engraved portrait which I
+saw of him more than fifty years ago, made then a strong impression on
+me. I think it was an etching. It marked a venerable healthy man. I
+neither recollect its painter nor engraver; and it is so scarce, that
+neither Mr. Smith, of Lisle Street, nor Mr. Evans, of Great Queen
+Street, the intelligent collectors and illustrators of Granger, have
+been able to obtain it. Perhaps it will be discovered that it was a
+private plate, done at the expence of his generous and noble employer,
+Lord Cobham. Of this once able and esteemed man, I can procure little
+information. The Encycl. of Gardening says, "Lord Cobham seems to have
+been occupied in re-modelling the grounds at _Stowe_, about the same
+time that Pope was laying out his gardens at Twickenham. His lordship
+began these improvements in 1714, _employing Bridgman_, whose plans and
+views for altering old Stowe from the most rigid character of the
+ancient style to a more open and irregular design, are still in
+existence. Kent was employed a few years afterwards, first to paint the
+hall, and afterwards in the double capacity of architect and
+landscape-gardener; and the finest scenes there are his creation." The
+finest views of Stowe gardens were drawn by Rigaud, and published by
+_Sarah Bridgman_, in 1739. The fine and magnificent amphitheatre at the
+Duke of Newcastle's, at Claremont, was designed, I believe, by Bridgman.
+When Queen Caroline added nearly three hundred acres from Hyde Park to
+the gardens at Kensington, they were laid out by him. He also laid out
+the gardens at Shardeloes, near Amersham. Mr. Walpole thus mentions
+Bridgman, after alluding to the shears having been applied to the lovely
+wildness of nature: "Improvements had gone on, till _London_ and _Wise_
+had stocked our gardens with giants, animals, monsters, coats of arms,
+and mottos, in yew, box and holly. Absurdity could go no farther, and
+the tide turned. _Bridgman_, the next fashionable designer of gardens,
+was far more chaste; and whether from good sense, or that the nation had
+been struck and reformed by the admirable paper in the Guardian, No.
+173, he banished verdant sculpture, and did not even revert to the
+square precision of the foregoing age. He enlarged his plans, disdained
+to make every division tally to its opposite; and though he still
+adhered much to straight walks with high clipped hedges, they were only
+his great lines, the rest he diversified by wilderness and with loose
+groves of oak, though still within surrounding hedges. I have observed
+in the garden at Gubbins, in Hertfordshire, many detached thoughts, that
+strongly indicate the dawn of modern taste. As his reformation gained
+footing, he ventured farther, and in the royal garden at Richmond, dared
+to introduce cultivated fields, and even morsels of a forest appearance,
+by the sides of those endless and tiresome walks that stretched out of
+one into another without intermission. But this was not till other
+innovators had broke loose too from rigid symmetry. But the capital
+stroke, the leading step to all that has followed, was (_I believe the
+first thought was Bridgman's_) the destruction of walls for boundaries,
+and the invention of fosses,--an attempt then deemed so astonishing,
+that the common people called them ha! ha's! to express their surprise
+at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk.[83] One of the
+first gardens planted in this simple though still formal style, was my
+father's at Houghton. It was laid out by Mr. Eyre, an imitator of
+Bridgman."
+
+
+PHILIP MILLER died at the age of eighty, and was emphatically styled by
+foreigners _hortulanorum princeps_. Switzer bears testimony to his
+"usual generosity, openness and freedom." Professor Martyn says, "he
+accumulated no wealth from his respectable connection with the great, or
+from the numerous editions of his works. He was of a disposition too
+generous, and too careless of money, to become rich, and in all his
+transactions observed more attention to integrity and honest fame, than
+to any pecuniary advantages." There is a finely engraved portrait of Mr.
+Miller, by Maillet, prefixed to the "Dictionnaire des Jardiniers, de
+Philipe Miller, traduit de l'Anglois," en 8 tom. 4to. Paris, 1785.
+
+Dr. Pulteney says of him, "He raised himself by his merit from a state
+of obscurity to a degree of eminence, but rarely, if ever before,
+equalled in the character of a gardener." Mr. Loudon (in that "varied
+and voluminous mass of knowledge," his Encyclopædia), thus
+remarks:--"Miller, during his long career, had no considerable
+competitor, until he approached the end of it, when several writers took
+the advantage of his unwearied labours of near half a century, and fixed
+themselves upon him, as various marine insects do upon a decaying
+shell-fish. I except Hitt and Justice, who are both originals, as is
+also Hill, after his fashion, but his gardening is not much founded in
+experience." The sister of Mr. Miller married Ehret, whose fine taste
+and botanical accuracy, and whose splendid drawings of plants, are the
+finest ornaments of a botanical library.
+
+Mr. Miller fixed his residence adjoining that part of Chelsea
+church-yard where he lies interred. He died December 18, 1771. Mr.
+Johnson gives a list of his writings, and of the different editions of
+his celebrated Dictionary, which he terms "this great record of our
+art." He farther does full justice to him, by associating his name, at
+p. 147 and p. 151, with that of "the immortal Swede, whose master mind
+reduced the confusion and discord of botany to harmony." He calls Miller
+"the perfect botanist and horticulturist."[84] The following spirited
+tribute to Mr. Miller, appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for June,
+1828:--
+
+   "_Chelsea, June 5._
+
+"MR. URBAN,--In the first volume, page 250, of the second edition of
+_Faulkner's History of Chelsea_, just published, which contains a very
+copious fund of historical, antiquarian, and biographical information, I
+find inserted the monument and epitaph of Philip Miller, who was so
+justly styled 'the prince of horticulture' by contemporary botanists,
+and whose well-earned fame will last as long as the sciences of botany
+and horticulture shall endure. The epitaph of this distinguished man is
+correctly given; but the historian appears not to have duly appreciated,
+if he was even aware of, the circumstances which induced the Fellows of
+the Linnæan and Horticultural Societies of London to erect this grateful
+tribute of respectful esteem to him, who in his life-time, had done more
+than any individual, ancient or modern, towards enlarging the boundaries
+of the science of horticulture, and very extensively the far more
+difficult one of botany likewise. These he accomplished in the numerous
+editions of his unrivalled Dictionary, and in his elaborate
+introductions to botanical knowledge.
+
+"The reasons which induced the above-mentioned societies to erect the
+monument in question, were, chiefly, because neither monument, nor tomb,
+nor even any recording public notice whatever (the 'monumentum ære
+perennius' of his own immortal works excepted) had previously been
+provided by any one.
+
+"The relatives of Miller were very few; he had no family, save two sons,
+one of whom died early, and the other, Charles Miller, at the age of 78,
+who spent the greater part of his long life in India, and returned not
+until after his father's funeral; and over his grave, in the old
+church-yard of Chelsea, a stone and sculptured brass record his name and
+age and parentage, together with that of his aged and more distinguished
+sire. This stone, too, was placed by the above-mentioned public-spirited
+societies, (unto both which the writer has the honour to belong) at the
+same time as the monument, stated by Faulkner, to the never-dying fame
+of the father.
+
+"But it is even now scarcely known, that when those meritorious
+testimonials of public gratitude were showered over the memory of Philip
+Miller, who had laboured so long and so successfully in the sciences
+which he loved, there was only one individual in existence, and that a
+very aged person, who had seen and attended the funeral of Miller, and
+who alone could point out the very spot where the 'Prince of
+Horticulture' was inhumed. This venerable person's name was Goodyer; he
+was the parish clerk of Chelsea church for half a century, and died as
+such in 1818, at the great age of ninety-four.
+
+"Nevertheless, though last, it should not be concealed that I myself had
+actually stated and published, in the winter of 1794-5, the neglectful
+and opprobrious fact of Miller's having no single grave-stone, much less
+a monument, nor even one funeral line, to designate the spot where
+rested in its 'narrow house' the mortal relics of so great a man; see my
+Observations on the Genus Mesembryanthemum, p. 311-14; and, as every
+reader may not possess that publication, the following extract from it
+is added:--
+
+"'So much for Miller; he, alas! who pleased so well, or, rather let me
+say, he who instructed and edified so much, and was even caressed by the
+great while living, now lies, forgotten by his friends, inhumed amongst
+the common undistinguished dead, in the bleak cold yard of Chelsea
+church, the very theatre of his best actions, the physic gardens of the
+Worshipful Company of Apothecaries, at Chelsea, not half a mile distant,
+without a tomb! without a stone! nay, destitute of a single line to mark
+the spot where rests, retired from all its cares and useful toils, the
+time-worn frame of the 'Prince of Horticulture!' How are those
+discerning foreigners, who so meritoriously rendered the language of his
+Dictionary into their own, to judge of this? by what measure are they to
+estimate the fact? Miller was the author of several publications,
+besides the very numerous editions of his Dictionary and Kalendar.'
+
+   Yours, &c.
+
+   "A. H. HAWORTH."
+
+
+SIR JOHN HILL. His works are many of them enumerated in the Encyclo. of
+Gardening. The most full list is in Weston's Catalogue. His portrait is
+engraved in metz by Houston, from after Coates. It is an oval, with a
+_solitaire_. A short account of his life and writings was published at
+Edinburgh in 1779. The most general account of him is in Hutchinson's
+Biog. Medica. 2 vols. 8vo. See also the Biog. Dramatica, 2nd edit.
+1782.
+
+
+BATTY LANGLEY was born at Twickenham, where he resided. He was the
+author of,
+
+1. Practical Geometry, 1726.
+
+2. New Principles of Gardening, or the laying out and planting
+parterres, groves, wildernesses, labyrinths, avenues, parks, &c. cuts,
+1728, 4to.
+
+3. The sure Method of Improving Estates by Trees, 8vo. One of his
+chapters is "On the magnitude and prodigious Growth of Trees."
+
+4. Pomona, or the Fruit Gardener, _with plates_, fol. 1729. At the end
+is a letter to Mr. Langley, on Cyder, from Hugh Stafford, Esq. of Pynes.
+
+There is a 4to. metz portrait of Mr. Langley, with the name of
+Carwirtham, as the engraver or print-seller, 1741.
+
+
+SIR WILLIAM WATSON, an eminent physician, who died in 1787, wrote
+
+1. On the Culture of Mushrooms. In vol. 42 and 43 of the Phil. Trans.
+
+2. Account of the Remains of Tradescant's Garden. In vol. 46 of the
+Phil. Trans.
+
+3. Account of the Bishop of London's Garden, at Fulham. In vol. 47 of
+the Phil. Trans. besides many valuable papers in several volumes of
+these Transactions.
+
+He had the pleasure of introducing _Kalm_, as well as _Pallas_, to most
+of the curious gardens in the environs of London. On the first
+establishment of the British Museum, he was most active in furnishing
+its garden, with no fewer than six hundred plants. His house (as Dr.
+Pulteney observes) "became the resort of the most ingenious and
+illustrious experimental philosophers that England could boast." Dr.
+Pulteney has closed a very liberal memoir of him, by inserting Dr.
+Garthshore's testimony to the humane feeling, the social politeness, and
+benignity of Sir William. His portrait is painted by Abbot, and engraved
+by Ryder, 1791. There is a full account of him in Chalmers.
+
+
+The Rev. WILLIAM HANBURY, the intimate friend of Churchill, and of
+Lloyd, in his singular "History of the Charitable Foundations at Church
+Langton," (and which exhibits his own benevolent heart, and great love
+for planting and gardening) mentions, at page 185, a full-length
+portrait of himself, by Penny. Had there been any other portrait of him,
+it is likely Mr. Nicholls would have mentioned it in his Leicestershire,
+for that gentleman, as well as Joseph Cradock, Esq. (both of whom are
+lately deceased), would have been most likely to have known, if any
+other portrait of this zealous planter did exist; so would Dr. Thomas
+Warton, who always spoke of Mr. Hanbury as a generous, disinterested,
+and benevolent man. Earlom engraved, in 1775, a three-quarter
+metzotinto, from the above portrait by Penny. Mr. Hanbury also published
+"A Complete Body of Planting and Gardening;" 2 vols. folio. Also, "An
+Essay on Planting, and a Scheme to make it conducive to the Glory of
+God, and the Advantage of Society;" Oxford, 8vo. 1s. 1758. And "The
+Gardener's New Calendar;" 8vo. 1758.
+
+Mr. Hanbury first conceived, in 1751, the establishing at Church
+Langton, for benevolent purposes, his immense plantations; having
+procured (particularly from North America) "almost every sort of seed
+that could be procured." He proposed that an annual sermon should be
+preached, either in praise of church music, the duty of decorating
+religious houses, charity in general, or the wonders of the creation;
+and that a hospital should be founded for the relief of the really
+distressed. All these extensive plans were frustrated. Even when his
+first twenty thousand trees had just been planted out, the cattle
+belonging to the tenants of Mrs. Dorothy Pickering, and Frances Byrd,
+(who a few years after died worth two hundred thousand pounds, and whose
+village biography is curiously dispersed throughout the above history)
+were _purposely_ turned amongst the young trees, and in a little time
+destroyed them all. "Neither was this all; I was served for a trespass
+with twenty-seven different copies of writs in one day (by their
+attorney, Valentine Price, of Leicester); to such a degree of rage and
+fury were these old gentlewomen raised, at what one should have thought
+every heart would have rejoiced, and kindly lent an assisting hand." Mr.
+Hanbury gives many instances of the "venomous rage and passion" of these
+two old women. They had, says he, "the mortification to find themselves
+totally despised. Not a gentleman or lady would go near them, two
+neighbouring clergymen excepted, who were invited to dine with them upon
+venison." They attempted making a tool of the sow-gelder's son, to
+enable them to carry on their mean plans, and sent him word, that
+nothing they could do for him in the parish should be wanting. His
+answer was, "that favours granted from such people, on such terms, could
+never prosper, and he desired the other to tell them, they were _two old
+bitches_."--"This summer, (says Mr. Hanbury,) was murdered, in the most
+barbarous manner, the best spaniel that perhaps ever entered the field,
+and the best greyhound that ever run. With these I had been often
+entertained in my morning walks. To deprive me of these pleasures,
+afforded me in my morning recreations, I had discharges from Mrs.
+Pickering, and Mrs. Byrd, for taking them with me in their manors. To
+these I paid no regard, and as they never brought any action on that
+account, it may be supposed they could find no just cause to ground one.
+What then is to be done? Some method is to be contrived to deprive me of
+my attendants; the spaniel therefore was the first object destined for
+destruction. He was small, and of a beautiful black, and had been used
+to the parlour; and being absent about an hour, came reeling home in the
+agonies of death; and in about a quarter of an hour after, died in the
+seemingly most excruciating tortures. Suspecting some villany, I ordered
+him to be opened, but found everything perfect and entire; I then
+directed him to be skinned, and coming to the loins, found the traces of
+a table-fork, which was stuck into the kidneys, and which was the
+occasion of his speedy and dreadful death. A few days after this, my
+best greyhound was stuck in the loins, in the like barbarous manner,
+which brought on the same kind of speedy and agonizing death; and this
+was the catastrophe of these two noted dogs, which had been much talked
+of, and were famous amongst sportsmen, as being most perfect in their
+kind. Some time after this, their game-keeper, in company with his
+nephew, _buried two dogs alive_; they were the property of Mr. Wade, a
+substantial grazier, who had grounds contiguous to a place of cover,
+called Langton Caudle, where was often game; and where the unfortunate
+two dogs, straying from their master, had been used to hunt. The
+game-keeper and his nephew being shooting in this place, the dogs, upon
+the report of the gun, made towards them. Their shooting them or hanging
+them would have been merciful, but they buried them alive; and what
+words can express the abhorrence of such barbarity to such innocent
+creatures following the dictates of nature? To prevent a possibility of
+their scratching a way out, they covered them down with black thorns;
+over these they laid a sufficient quantity of earth and one large stone,
+which the rammed down with their heels. Day after day the dogs were
+heard in this place, with the howling, barking noise of dogs that were
+lost. Some people resorted to find them out, and wondered it was to no
+purpose, for nobody could suspect the dogs were under ground; and thus
+after calling and whistling them, and seeking them for some time,
+returned, amazed that lost dogs should continue so long in that place;
+but a sight of none could ever be had. The noise was fancied to come
+sometimes from one quarter, sometimes from another; and when they came
+near the place they were in, they ceased howling, expecting their
+deliverance was at hand. I myself heard them _ten days_ after they had
+been buried; and seeing some people at a distance, enquired what dogs
+they were. _They are some dogs that are lost, Sir_, said they; _they
+have been lost some time_. I concluded only some poachers had been there
+early in the morning, and by a precipitate flight had left their dogs
+behind them. In short, the howling and barking of these dogs was heard
+for near three weeks, when it ceased. Mr. Wade's dogs were missing, but
+he could not suspect those to be his; and the noise ceasing, the
+thoughts, wonder, and talking about them, soon also ceased. Some time
+after, a person being amongst the bushes where the howling was heard,
+discovered some disturbed earth, and the print of men's heels ramming it
+down again very close; and seeing Mr. Wade's servant, told him, he
+thought something had been buried there. _Then_, said the man, _it is
+our dogs, and they have been buried alive: I will go and fetch a spade,
+and will find them, if I dig all Caudle over_. He soon brought a spade,
+and upon removing the top earth, came to the blackthorns, and then to
+the dogs, the biggest of which had eat the loins and greatest share of
+the hind parts of the little one." Mr. Hanbury states the deaths of
+these two sisters in the course of a few months after. The sums they
+accumulated by their penurious way of living, were immense. They
+bequeathed legacies by will to almost every body that were no kin to
+them except their assiduous attorney, Valentine Price, to whom they left
+nothing. "But what is strange and wonderful, though their charities in
+their life-time at Langton were a sixpenny loaf a week only, which was
+divided into as many parts as there were petitioners, and distributed by
+eleven of the clock on a Sunday, unless they left the town the day
+before, which was often the case, and when the poor were sure to fail of
+their bounty; these gentlewomen, at the death of the last, bequeathed by
+will upwards of twelve thousand pounds to the different hospitals and
+religious institutions in the kingdom. A blaze of goodness issued from
+them at last, and thus ended these two poor, unhappy, uncharitable,
+charitable old gentlewomen."
+
+Mr. Marshall calls him, "the indefatigable Hanbury, whose immense
+labours are in a manner lost to the public." No man delighted more than
+Mr. Hanbury did, in describing the beauty of trees and shrubs: this is
+visible in the extracts which Mr. Marshall has made in his "Planting and
+Rural Ornament."
+
+
+WILLIAM SHENSTONE, Esq., justly celebrated for his pure and classic
+taste in landscape gardening. His tender and pathetic feelings shine
+throughout most of his works; and the sweetness and simplicity of his
+temper and manners, endeared him to the neighbourhood and to his
+acquaintance. Dr. Johnson says, his life was unstained by any crime. He
+farther says of him, "He began from this time to entangle his walks, and
+to wind his waters; which he did with such judgment and such fancy, as
+made his little domain the envy of the great and the admiration of the
+skilful. His house was mean, and he did not improve it; his care was of
+his grounds. When he came home from his walks, he might find his floor
+flooded by a shower through the broken roof; but could spare no money
+for its reparation. In time his expences brought clamours about him,
+that overpowered the lamb's bleat and the linnet's song; and his groves
+were haunted by beings very different from fawns and fairies. He spent
+his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably hastened by his
+anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing. It is said, that
+if he had lived a little longer he would have been assisted by a
+pension: such bounty could not have been ever more properly bestowed;
+but that it was ever asked is not certain; it is too certain that it
+never was enjoyed."
+
+His intimate friend, Robert Dodsley, thus speaks of him: "Tenderness,
+indeed, in every sense of the word, was his peculiar characteristic; his
+friends, his domestics, his poor neighbours, all daily experienced his
+benevolent turn of mind. He was no economist; the generosity of his
+temper prevented him from paying a proper regard to the use of money: he
+exceeded, therefore, the bounds of his paternal fortune, which before he
+died was considerably incumbered. But when one recollects the perfect
+paradise he had raised around him, the hospitality with which he lived,
+his great indulgence to his servants, his charities to the indigent, and
+all done with an estate not more than three hundred pounds a year, one
+should rather be led to wonder that he left any thing behind him, than
+to blame his want of economy. He left, however, more than sufficient to
+pay all his debts; and, by his will, appropriated his whole estate for
+that purpose."
+
+His portrait is prefixed to his works, published in 3 vols. 8vo. 1764.
+His second volume contains his "Unconnected Thoughts on Landscape
+Gardening;" and the description of the celebrated _Leasowes_, in that
+volume, was written by ("the modest, sensible, and humane") Robert
+Dodsley. His Epistolary Correspondence appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. The
+title pages of the above first three volumes are attractive from their
+vignette, or rural embellishments. A portrait of Shenstone was taken in
+1758, by Ross, which Hall engraved for Dodsley, in 1780; and this
+picture by Ross was in the possession of the late most worthy Dr.
+Graves, of Claverton, who died a few years ago, at the advanced age of
+ninety. Bell's edition of the Poets has a neat copy of this portrait.
+Dr. Graves wrote "Recollections of the late William Shenstone." He also
+dedicated an urn to him, and inscribed these lines thereon:--
+
+   Stranger! if woods and lawns like these,
+   If rural scenes thy fancy please,
+   Ah! stop awhile, and pensive view
+   Poor Shenstone's urn: who oft, like you,
+   These woods and lawns well-pleased has rov'd,
+   And oft these rural scenes approv'd.
+   Like him, be thou fair virtue's friend,
+   And health and peace thy steps attend.
+
+Mr. Shenstone died in 1763, and is buried in Hales Owen church yard. An
+urn is placed in the church to his memory, thus inscribed:--
+
+   Whoe'er thou art, with reverence tread
+   These sacred mansions of the dead.--
+   Not that the monumental bust
+   Or sumptuous tomb HERE guards the dust
+   Of rich or great: (Let wealth, rank, birth,
+   Sleep undistinguish'd in the earth;)
+   This simple urn records a name
+   That shines with more exalted fame.
+     Reader! if genius, taste refined,
+   A native elegance of mind;
+   If virtue, science, manly sense;
+   If wit, that never gave offence;
+   The clearest head, the tenderest heart,
+   In thy esteem e'er claim'd a part;
+   Ah! smite thy breast, and drop a tear,
+   For, know, THY Shenstone's dust lies here.
+
+Mr. Mason thus speaks of Shenstone:
+
+                          ----"Nor thou
+   Shalt pass without thy meed, thou son of peace,
+   Who knew'st perchance to harmonize thy shades
+   Still softer than thy song; yet was that song
+   Nor rude nor unharmonious, when attuned
+   To pastoral plaint, or tales of slighted love."
+
+And Mr. Whateley pays his memory the following tribute, previous to his
+masterly survey of his far-famed and enchanting seat: "An allusion to
+the ideas of pastoral poetry evidently enters into the design of the
+Leasowes, where they appear so lovely as to endear the memory of their
+author, and justify the reputation of Mr. Shenstone, who inhabited, made
+and directed that celebrated place. It is a perfect picture of his mind,
+simple, elegant, and amiable, and will always suggest a doubt whether
+the spot inspired his verses, or whether, in the scenes which he formed,
+he only realized the pastoral images which abound in his songs."[85]
+George Mason, in many pages, pays high compliments to Shenstone's taste:
+"Paine's Hill has every mark of creative genius, and Hagley of
+correctest fancy; but the most intimate _alliance with nature_ was
+formed by Shenstone." Mr. Marshall, in his "Planting and Rural
+Ornament," has some critical remarks on the _Leasowes_, the expences in
+perfecting which threw Shenstone "on the rack of poverty, and probably
+hastened the dissolution of an amiable and valuable man." He says that
+_Enville_ was originally designed by Shenstone, and that the cascade
+and chapel were spoken of, with confidence, as his.[86]
+
+
+LORD KAMES. His portrait is prefixed to the memoirs of him, by Lord
+Woodhouselee, in 2 vols. 4to. 1807. There is an edition of the same
+work, in 3 vols. 8vo. 1814, with the same portrait, which is engraved
+from a drawing by D. Martin. His "Gentleman Farmer" spread his fame
+through Scotland. Its preface is particularly interesting. Mr. Smellie,
+in his Literary Lives of Gregory, Home, Hume, Adam Smith, and Lord
+Kames, after giving many interesting particulars of the latter, and
+after noticing his benevolence to the poor, during the whole course of
+his long life, proceeds:--"One great feature in the character of Lord
+Kames, besides his literary talents, and his public spirit, was a
+remarkable innocency of mind. He not only never indulged in detraction,
+but when any species of scandal was exhibited in his company, he either
+remained silent, or endeavoured to give a turn to the conversation. As
+natural consequences of this amiable disposition, he never meddled with
+politics, even when politics ran to indecent lengths in this country;
+and what is still more remarkable, he never wrote a sentence,
+notwithstanding his numerous publications, without a direct and a
+manifest intention to benefit his fellow creatures. In his temper he was
+naturally warm, though kindly and affectionate. In the friendships he
+formed, he was ardent, zealous and sincere. So far from being inclined
+to irreligion, as some ignorant bigots insinuated, few men possessed a
+more devout habit of thought. A constant sense of Deity, and a
+veneration for Providence, dwelt upon his mind. From this source arose
+that propensity, which appears in all his writings, of investigating
+final causes, and tracing the wisdom of the Supreme Author of Nature."
+He had the honour to be highly esteemed by the celebrated Mrs. Montagu.
+
+The European Magazine of Nov. 1790, which gives an engraved portrait of
+him, being a copy of the above, thus speaks: "He was one of the very
+first who to great legal knowledge, added a considerable share of polite
+literature. He arrived at the highest rank to which a lawyer could
+attain in his own country; and he has left to the world such literary
+productions, as will authorize his friends to place him, if not in the
+highest, yet much above the lowest, class of elegant and polite writers.
+He died in 1783, leaving to the world a proof, that an attention to the
+abstrusest branches of learning, is not incompatible with the more
+pleasing pursuits of taste and polite literature." He was kind-hearted
+and humane. His pure taste in landscape scenery, is acknowledged by Mr.
+Loudon, in p. 81 of the Encyclopædia of Gardening. _Blair Drummond_ will
+long be celebrated as having been his residence, and he there displayed
+his superior taste in planting and improving.
+
+In his "Elements of Criticism," (a truly original work) there is a
+distinct chapter on architecture and gardening. He therein thus
+addresses the reader:--"These cursory observations upon gardening, shall
+be closed with some reflections that must touch every reader. Rough
+uncultivated ground, dismal to the eye, inspires peevishness and
+discontent: may not this be one cause of the harsh manners of savages? A
+field richly ornamented, containing beautiful objects of various kinds,
+displays in full lustre the goodness of the Deity, and the ample
+provision he has made for our happiness. Ought not the spectator to be
+filled with gratitude to his Maker, and with benevolence to his fellow
+creatures? Other fine arts may be perverted to excite irregular and even
+vicious emotions; but gardening, which inspires the purest and most
+refined pleasures, cannot fail to promote every good affection. The
+gaiety and harmony of mind it produceth, inclineth the spectator to
+communicate his satisfaction to others, and to make them happy as he is
+himself, and tends naturally to establish in him a habit of humanity and
+benevolence."
+
+
+JOHN ABERCROMBIE'S manly and expressive countenance is best given in the
+portrait prefixed to an edition in 2 vols. 8vo. published Feb. 1, 1783,
+by Fielding and Debrett. He is also drawn at full-length at his age of
+seventy-two, in the sixteenth edition, printed in 1800, with a pleasing
+view of a garden in the back-ground, neatly engraved. This honest,
+unassuming man, persevered "through a long life of scarcely interrupted
+health," in the ardent pursuit of his favourite science. The tenor of
+his life exemplified how much a garden calms the mind, and tranquilly
+sets at rest its turbulent passions. Mr. Loudon's Encyclop. of
+Gardening, after giving some interesting points of his history, thus
+concludes: "In the spring of 1806, being in his eightieth year, he met
+with a severe fall, by which he broke the upper part of his thigh bone.
+This accident, which happened to him on the 15th of April, terminated in
+his death. After lying in a very weak exhausted state, without much
+pain, he expired in the night, between April and May, as St. Paul's
+church struck twelve. He was lamented by all who knew him, as cheerful,
+harmless, and upright." One of his biographers thus relates of him:
+"Abercrombie from a fall down stairs in the dark, died at the age of
+eighty, and was buried at St. Pancras. He was present at the famous
+battle of Preston Pans, which was fought close to his father's garden
+walls. For the last twenty years of his life he lived chiefly on tea,
+using it three times a-day: his pipe was his first companion in the
+morning, and last at night.[87] He never remembered to have taken a dose
+of physic in his life, prior to his last fatal accident, nor of having a
+day's illness but once." A list of his works appears in Watts's Bibl.
+Brit., and a most full one in Johnson's History of English Gardening,
+who, with many collected particulars of Abercrombie, relates the great
+and continually increasing sale of some of his works.
+
+
+LAUNCELOT BROWNE, Esq.
+His portrait was painted by Dance, and engraved by Sherwin. Under this
+portrait are engraved the following lines, from the pen of Mr. Mason,
+which are also inscribed on the tomb of Mr. Browne, in the church of
+Fen-Staunton, Huntingdonshire:
+
+   _Ye sons of elegance, who truly taste
+     The simple charms which genuine art supplies,
+   Come from the sylvan scenes his genius drew,
+     And offer here your tributary sighs.
+   But know, that more than genius slumbers here,
+     Virtues were his that art's best powers transcend,
+   Come, ye superior train! who these revere,
+     And weep the christian, husband, father, friend._
+
+Mr. Walpole, too, pays Mr. Browne this elegant compliment: "Did living
+artists come within my plan, I should be glad to do justice to Mr.
+Browne; but he may be a gainer by being reserved for some abler pen."
+This celebrated landscape gardener died suddenly, in Hertford Street,
+May Fair, on the 6th of February, 1783, on his return from a visit to
+his old friend the Earl of Coventry. Mr. Browne, though bred a common
+gardener at Stowe, possessed a cultivated mind, and his society was much
+courted. Joseph Cradock, Esq. called him "a most agreeable, unassuming
+man." He amassed a large fortune. He was consulted by most of the
+nobility and gentry, and the places he laid out or altered, were, as Mr.
+Loudon observes, beyond all reckoning. Mr. Repton has given a list of
+his principal works.
+
+It has been the fate of this eminent master of landscape embellishment,
+to be severely censured by some, and lavishly praised by others. The
+late keen and consummate observer of landscape scenery, Sir Uvedale
+Price, harshly condemns the too frequent cold monotony and tameness of
+many of Mr. Browne's creations, and his never transfusing into his works
+any thing of the taste and spirit which prevail in the poet Mason's
+precepts and descriptions; and in one of his acute, yet pleasant pages,
+he alludes to his having but _one_ and the same plan of operation;
+_Sangrado_-like, treating all disorders in the same manner. Perhaps the
+too general smoothness and tameness of Mr. Browne's pleasure-grounds ill
+accorded with Sir Uvedale's enthusiasm for the more sublime views of
+forest scenery, rapid and stony torrents and cascades, wild entangled
+dingles, and craggy breaks; or with the high and sublime notions he had
+imbibed from the rich scenery of nature so often contemplated by him in
+the landscapes of _Claude_, or in those of _Rubens_, _Gaspar Poussin_,
+_Salvator Rosa_, or of _Titian_, "the greatest of all landscape
+painters." Perhaps Sir Uvedale preferred "unwedgeable and gnarled oaks,"
+to "the tameness of the poor pinioned trees of a gentleman's plantation,
+drawn up straight," or the wooded banks of a river, to the "bare shaven
+border of a canal."[88]
+
+Daines Barrington happily said, "Kent has been succeeded by Browne, who
+hath undoubtedly great merit in laying out pleasure-grounds; but I
+conceive that in some of his plans, I see rather traces of the
+kitchen-gardener of old Stowe, than of Poussin or Claude Lorraine: I
+could wish, therefore, that Gainsborough gave the design, and that
+Browne executed it."[89] Mr. Loudon observes, "that Browne must have
+possessed considerable talents, the extent of his reputation abundantly
+proves; but that he was imbued with much of that taste for picturesque
+beauty, which distinguished the works of Kent, Hamilton, and Shenstone,
+we think will hardly be asserted by any one who has observed attentively
+such places as are known to be his creations." Mr. George Mason candidly
+asks, "why Browne should be charged with all the defects of those that
+have called themselves his followers, I have seen no good reason
+alleged, nor can I suppose it possible to produce one." Many of his
+imitators exhibited so little talent in their creations, that Mr.
+Browne's name considerably suffered in the estimation of many.
+
+Mr. Gilpin speaks of Browne's improvements at Blenheim in high terms.
+Mr. Marshall in his Survey of Stowe and Fisherwick, in vol. i. of his
+"Planting and Rural Ornament," and at p. 384, pays a fair tribute to
+him. Much general information respecting him may be seen in Mr. Loudon's
+chapter "Of the rise, progress, and present state of gardening in the
+British Isles." The candour and rich conciseness of this review,
+embraces the whole _magic of the art_, as respects landscape
+gardening.[90]
+
+
+FRANCIS ZAVIER VISPRE wrote "A Dissertation on the Growth of Wine in
+England", Bath, 8vo. 1786. Mr. Vispré died poor, between thirty and
+forty years ago, in St. Martin's Lane. He excelled in painting portraits
+in crayons: Sir Joshua much esteemed him. He was a most inoffensive man,
+of the mildest manners, and of the purest integrity. I have seen his
+portrait in crayons, in an oval, finely finished by himself, but know
+not now where that is. On his mode of training the vine _very near the
+ground_, see p. 757 of the Encyclop. of Gardening.
+
+
+WILLIAM MASON, precentor and canon of York, died in 1797. His friend,
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, painted an impressive portrait of him, which is
+engraved by Doughty. A masterly copy of this fine portrait is in Mr.
+Cadell's Contemporary Portraits. A copy is also prefixed to the edition
+of his works, in 4 vols. 8vo. 1811, published by Mr. Cadell. His
+portrait was also taken by Vaslet, and engraved by Carter, 1771. It is a
+large metz etching. He translated Du Fresnoy's Art of Painting, to which
+Sir Joshua added some notes. Mr. Mason has prefixed an Epistle to Sir
+Joshua, which thus concludes:
+
+   And oh! if ought thy poet can pretend
+   Beyond his favourite wish, to _call thee friend_:
+   Be it that here his tuneful toil has dress'd
+   The muse of _Fresnoy_ in a modern vest;
+   And, with what skill his fancy could bestow,
+   Taught the close folds to take an easier flow;
+   Be it that here, thy partial smile approv'd
+   The pains he lavish'd on the art he lov'd.
+
+Mr. Mason's attachment to painting was an early one, is conspicuous in
+many of his writings, and in his English Garden, is visible throughout:
+
+                                ----feel ye there
+   What _Reynolds_ felt, when first the Vatican
+   Unbarr'd her gates, and to his raptur'd eye
+   Gave all the god-like energy that flow'd
+   From _Michael's_ pencil; feel what _Garrick_ felt,
+   When first he breath'd the soul of _Shakspeare's_ page.
+
+Sir Joshua, in his will, bequeaths his then supposed portrait of Milton
+to Mr. Mason.
+
+Mr. Gray thus observes of Mason, when at Cambridge:--"So ignorant of the
+world and its ways, that this does not hurt him in one's opinion; so
+sincere and so undisguised, that no mind with a spark of generosity
+would ever think of hurting him, he lies so open to injury; but so
+indolent, that if he cannot overcome this habit, all his good qualities
+will signify nothing at all."
+
+Mr. Mason, in 1754, found a patron in the Earl of Holderness, who
+presented him with the living of _Aston_, in Yorkshire. This sequestred
+village was favourable to his love of poetry and picturesque scenery;
+which displayed itself at large in his English Garden, and was the
+foundation of his lasting friendship with Mr. Gilpin, who to testify his
+esteem, dedicated to him his _Observations on the Wye_. A biographer of
+the late Mr. Shore, of Norton Hall, (the friend of Priestley), thus
+mentions _Aston_:--"That truly conscientious, and truly learned and
+excellent man, Mr. Lindsey, spent a whole week in this neighbourhood. He
+was during that time the guest of his friend Mr. Mason, who was residing
+on his rectory at _Aston_, the biographer of Gray, and one whose taste,
+gave beauty, and poetry, celebrity, to that cheerful village." His
+friendship for Mr. Gray, terminated only with the life of the latter. In
+1770 Mr. Mason was visited at Aston, for the last time, by him. His last
+letter to Mr. Mason was from Pembroke-hall, in May, 1771, and on the
+31st of the next month, and at that place, this sublime genius paid the
+debt of nature. The following epitaph was written by Mr. Mason, and
+inscribed on the monument in Westminster Abbey:
+
+   No more the Grecian muse unrivall'd reigns;
+     To Britain let the nations homage pay:
+   She felt a Homer's fire in Milton's strains,
+     A Pindar's rapture in the lyre of Gray.
+
+He farther evinced his attachment to this elegant scholar by publishing
+his poems and letters, to which he prefixed memoirs of him. He commences
+the third book of his English Garden with an invocation to his memory,
+and records, in lofty language, his eye glistening and his accents
+glowing, when viewing the charms of all-majestic Nature--the heights of
+Skiddaw and the purple crags of Borrowdale. And on a rustic alcove, in
+the garden at Aston, which he dedicated to Mr. Gray, he inscribed this
+stanza from the celebrated elegy:
+
+   _Here scatter'd oft, the loveliest of the year,
+     By hands unseen, are showers of violets found;
+   The red-breast loves to build and warble here,
+     And little footsteps lightly print the ground._
+
+Mr. Mason married in 1765 a most amiable woman; she fell at length into
+a rapid consumption, and at Bristol hot-wells she died. Gray's letter to
+Mr. Mason while at that place, is full of eloquence; upon which the
+latter observes, "I opened it almost at the precise moment when it would
+be necessarily most affecting. His epitaph on the monument he erected on
+this lady, in the Bristol cathedral, breathes such tender feeling and
+chaste simplicity, that it can need no apology for being noticed here:
+
+   Take, holy earth! all that my soul holds dear;
+     Take that best gift which heav'n so lately gave:
+   To Bristol's fount I bore with trembling care
+     Her faded form: she bow'd to taste the wave
+   And died. Does youth, does beauty, read the line?
+     Does sympathetic fears their breasts alarm?
+   Speak, dead Maria! breathe a strain divine:
+     E'en from the grave thou shalt have power to charm.
+   Bid them be chaste, be innocent, like thee;
+     Bid them in duty's sphere as meekly move;
+   And if so fair, from vanity as free;
+     As firm in friendship, and as fond in love.
+   Tell them, though 'tis an awful thing to die,
+     ('Twas e'en to thee) yet the dread path once trod,
+   Heav'n lifts its everlasting portals high,
+     And bids "the pure in heart behold their God."
+
+A very short time after Mrs. Mason's death, he began his English
+Garden, and invokes the genius both of poetry and painting
+
+                         ----that at my birth
+   Auspicious smil'd, and o'er my cradle dropp'd
+   Those magic seeds of Fancy, which produce
+   A Poet's feeling, and a Painter's eye.
+   ----with lenient smiles to deign to cheer,
+   At this sad hour, my desolated soul.
+   For deem not ye that I resume the lyre
+   To court the world's applause; my years mature
+   Have learn'd to slight the toy. No, 'tis to soothe
+   That agony of heart, which they alone,
+   Who best have lov'd, who best have been belov'd,
+   Can feel, or pity: sympathy severe!
+   Which she too felt, when on her pallid lip
+   The last farewell hung trembling, and bespoke
+   A wish to linger here, and bless the arms
+   She left for heav'n.--She died, and heav'n is her's!
+   Be mine, the pensive solitary balm
+   That recollection yields. Yes, angel pure!
+   While memory holds her seat, thine image still
+   Shall reign, shall triumph there; and when, as now,
+   Imagination forms a nymph divine,
+   To lead the fluent strain, thy modest blush,
+   Thy mild demeanour, thy unpractis'd smile,
+   Shall grace that nymph, and sweet Simplicity
+   Be dress'd (ah, meek Maria!) in thy charms.
+
+Dr. Thomas Warton thus speaks of the above poem, when reviewing Tusser's
+Husbandry:--"Such were the rude beginnings in the English language of
+didactic poetry, which, on a kindred subject, the present age has seen
+brought to perfection, by the happy combination of judicious precepts,
+with the most elegant ornaments of language and imagery, in Mr. Mason's
+English Garden." His Elfrida and Caractacus, are admired for boldness of
+conception and sublime description. Elfrida was set to Music by Arne,
+and again by Giardini. Caractacus was also set to music. Mr. Mason's
+success with both these dramatic poems was beyond his most sanguine
+expectation.
+
+Dr. Darwin wrote an epitaph on Mr. Mason; these lines are its concluding
+part:
+
+   Weave the bright wreath, to worth departed just,
+   And hang unfading chaplets on his bust;
+   While pale Elfrida, bending o'er his bier,
+   Breathes the soft sigh and sheds the graceful tear;
+   And stern Caractacus, with brow depress'd
+   Clasps the cold marble to his mailed breast.
+   In lucid troops shall choral virgins throng,
+   With voice alternate chant their poet's song.
+   And, oh! in golden characters record
+   Each firm, immutable, immortal word!
+
+"Those last two lines from the final chorus of Elfrida, (says Miss
+Seward), admirably close this tribute to the memory of him who stands
+second to Gray, as a lyric poet; whose English Garden is one of the
+happiest efforts of didactic verse, containing the purest elements of
+horticultural taste, dignified by freedom and virtue, rendered
+interesting by episode, and given in those energetic and undulating
+measures which render blank verse excellent; whose unowned satires, yet
+certainly his, the heroic epistle to Sir William Chambers, and its
+postscript, are at once original in their style, harmonious in their
+numbers, and pointed in their ridicule; whose tragedies are the only
+pathetic tragedies which have been written in our language upon the
+severe Greek model. The Samson Agonistes bears marks of a stronger, but
+also of an heavier hand, and is unquestionably less touching than the
+sweet Elfrida, and the sublime Caractacus."
+
+Mr. Mason, in 1756 published four Odes. "It would be difficult to say,
+(says the biographer of the annual Necrology of 1797,) which is most to
+be admired, the vividness of the conception, or the spirit of liberty,
+and the ardent love of independance throughout. The address to Milton in
+his Ode to Memory, and to Andrew Marvel, in that to Independance, cannot
+be too much admired. At the period when the Middlesex election was so
+much agitated, he united with those independant freeholders, who, by
+their declarations and petitions, throughout the nation, opposed
+corruption, and claimed a reform in parliament; and when the county of
+York assembled in 1779, he was of the committee, and had a great share
+in drawing up their spirited resolutions. The animated vindication of
+the conduct of the freeholders, and other papers, though printed
+anonimously in the newspapers, and so printed in Mr. Wyvill's collection
+of political tracts, in 3 vols. are well known to be Mr. Mason's
+production. This conduct rendered him obnoxious to the court party. He
+was at this time one of the king's chaplains, but when it became his
+turn to preach before the royal family, the queen appointed another
+person to supply his place. It has been observed, that his sentiments in
+a later period of his life, took a colour less favourable to liberty.
+Whether alarmed at the march of the French revolution, or from the
+timidity of age, we know not. His friend Horace Walpole, charges him
+with flat apostacy:" The _Heroic Epistle_ to Sir W. Chambers, and the
+_Heroic Postscript_, are now positively said to have been written by Mr.
+Mason. Mr. Thomas Warton observed, "they may have been written by
+Walpole, and buckramed by Mason."
+
+The late Sir U. Price, in the generous and patriotic conclusion of his
+letter to Mr. Repton, pays a delicate compliment to the genius of Mr.
+Mason in whatever concerns rural scenery; and his respect for Mr. Mason,
+and his high opinion of his talents, is farther shewn in pp. 295 and
+371 of his first volume, and in p. 94 of vol. ii. Mr. Mathias, after
+supposing Mr. Mason to have been the author of the Heroic Epistle, and
+after paying a high compliment to his general poetry, thus concludes his
+generous tribute:
+
+   Whence is that groan? no more Britannia sleeps,
+   But o'er her lov'd Musæus bends and weeps.
+   Lo, every Grecian, every British muse
+   Scatter the recent flowers and gracious dews
+   Where MASON lies!
+   And in his breast each soft affection dwelt,
+   That love and friendship know; each sister art,
+   With all that colours, and that sounds impart,
+   All that the sylvan theatre can grace,
+   All in the soul of MASON found their place!
+   Low sinks the laurell'd head: in Mona's land
+   I see them pass, 'tis Mador's drooping band,
+   To harps of woe, in holiest obsequies,
+   In yonder grave, they chant, our Druid lies!
+
+ERASMUS DARWIN. In the life of this justly celebrated physician, by Miss
+Seward, she informs us, that in the year 1770, he sat to Mr. Wright of
+Derby; and that it was "a contemplative portrait, of the most perfect
+resemblance." Whether it has been engraved I know not. He was then in
+his thirty-eighth year. Dr. Thornton, in his superb work on botany, has
+given a fine portrait of Dr. Darwin, at a more advanced period of his
+life. It breathes intelligence in every feature, and is a masterly
+likeness. The late Mr. Archdeacon Clive preserved a highly-finished
+miniature portrait of him, which was ordered by Dr. Darwin for the
+express purpose of being presented to this worthy clergyman, whom he so
+much esteemed.[91]
+
+Dr. Darwin published,
+
+1. Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life.
+
+2. Phytologia, or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, 4to.
+1800. "A vast field of treasured observation and scientific literature."
+
+3. The Botanic Garden.
+
+Lord Byron, and others, have been severe on this poem. The lines,
+however, on the soldier's wife and infants, after watching the battle of
+Minden--those animated ones to Mr. Howard--or when the mother, during
+the plague in London, commits her children to the grave,
+
+   _When o'er the friendless bier no rites were read,
+   No dirge slow chanted, and no pall outspread;_
+
+these make one gladly acknowledge, that pathetic powers were the gift of
+Darwin's muse. The sublimity of the following address to our _first_
+daring æronaut, merits insertion:
+
+   --Rise, great Mongolfier! urge thy venturous flight
+   High o'er the moon's pale, ice-reflected light;
+   High o'er the pearly star, whose beamy horn
+   Hangs in the east, gay harbinger of morn;
+   Leave the red eye of Mars on rapid wing,
+   Jove's silver guards, and Saturn's dusky ring;
+   Leave the fair beams, which issuing from afar
+   Play with new lustres round the Georgian star;
+   Shun with strong oars the sun's attractive throne,
+   The burning Zodiac, and the milky Zone:
+   Where headlong comets with increasing force
+   Through other systems bend their burning course!
+   For thee Cassiope her chair withdraws,
+   For thee the Bear retracts his shaggy paws;
+   High o'er the north thy golden orb shall roll,
+   And blaze eternal round the wondering pole.[92]
+
+Miss Seward, after stating that professional generosity distinguished
+Dr. Darwin's medical practice at Lichfield, farther says, that
+"diligently also did he attend to the health of the poor in that city,
+and afterwards at Derby, and supplied their necessities by food, and all
+sorts of charitable assistance. In each of those towns, _his_ was the
+cheerful board of almost open-housed hospitality, without extravagance
+or pride; deeming ever the first unjust, the latter unmanly. Generosity,
+wit and science, were his household gods."[93] She again states that
+when he removed from Lichfield to Derby, "his renown, as a physician,
+still increased as time rolled on, and his mortal life declined from its
+noon. Patients resorted to him more and more, from every part of the
+kingdom, and often from the continent. All ranks, all orders of society,
+all religions, leaned upon his power to ameliorate disease, and to
+prolong existence. The rigid and sternly pious, who had attempted to
+renounce his aid, from a superstition that no blessing would attend the
+prescriptions of a sceptic, sacrificed, after a time, their
+superstitious scruples to their involuntary consciousness of his mighty
+skill." Mr. Mathias, though he severely criticizes some of Dr. Darwin's
+works, yet he justly calls him "this very ingenious man, and most
+excellent physician, for such he undoubtedly was."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+From scattered passages in Miss Seward's Life of him, one can easily
+trace the delight he took (notwithstanding his immense professional
+engagements,) in the scenery of nature and gardens;--witness his
+frequent admiration of the tangled glen and luxuriant landscape at
+_Belmont_, its sombre and pathless woods, impressing us with a sense of
+solemn seclusion, like the solitudes of _Tinian_, or _Juan Fernandes_,
+with its "silent and unsullied stream," which the admirable lines he
+addresses to the youthful owner of that spot so purely and temperately
+allude to:--
+
+   O, friend to peace and virtue, ever flows
+   For thee my silent and unsullied stream,
+   Pure and untainted as thy blameless life!
+   Let no gay converse lead thy steps astray,
+   To mix my chaste wave with immodest wine,
+   Nor with the poisonous cup, which Chemia's hand
+   Deals (fell enchantress!) to the sons of folly!
+   So shall young Health thy daily walks attend,
+   Weave for thy hoary brow the vernal flower
+   Of cheerfulness, and with his nervous arm
+   Arrest th' inexorable scythe of Time.
+
+So early, and indeed throughout his whole life, did Dr. Darwin enforce
+the happy consequences of temperance and sobriety; from his conviction
+of the pernicious effects of all kinds of intemperance on the youthful
+constitution. He had an absolute horror of spirits of all sorts, however
+diluted. Pure water was, throughout the greater part of his temperate
+life, his favourite beverage. He has been severely censured (no doubt
+very justly so), for some of his religious prejudices. Old Walter Mapes,
+the jovial canon of Salisbury, precentor of Lincoln, and arch-deacon of
+Oxford, in the eleventh century, considered _water_ as fit only for
+_heretics_.
+
+One may again trace his fondness for the rich scenery of nature, when he
+in 1777 purchased a wild umbrageous valley near Lichfield, with its
+mossy fountain of the purest water. This spot he fondly cultivated. The
+botanic skill displayed by him on this spot, did not escape the
+searching eye of Mr. Loudon, for in p. 807 of his Encyclop. of
+Gardening, he pays a deserved compliment to him.[94] Miss Seward wrote
+some lines on this favoured valley, and these are part of them:
+
+   O! may no ruder step these bowers profane,
+   No midnight wassailers deface the plain;
+   And when the tempests of the wintry day
+   Blow golden autumn's varied leaves away,
+   Winds of the north, restrain your icy gales,
+   Nor chill the bosom of these hallow'd vales.
+
+His attachment to gardens, induced him to honour the memory of Mr.
+Mason, by lines once intended for his monument; and he was suggesting
+improvements at the priory at Derby (and which he had just described the
+last morning of his life in a sprightly letter to a friend), when the
+fatal signal was given, and a few hours after, on the 18th of April,
+1802, and in his sixty-ninth year, he sunk into his chair and expired.
+"Thus in one hour (says his affectionate biographer) was extinguished
+that vital light, which the preceding hour had shone in flattering
+brightness, promising duration; (such is often _the cunning flattery of
+nature_), that light, which through half a century, had diffused its
+radiance and its warmth so widely; that light in which penury had been
+cheered, in which science had expanded; to whose orb poetry had brought
+all her images; before whose influence disease had continually
+retreated, and death so often "turned aside his levelled dart!"[95] That
+Dr. Darwin, as to his religious principles or prejudices, displayed
+great errors of judgment in his _Zoonomia_, there can be no doubt. An
+eminent champion of Christianity, truly observed, that Dr. Darwin "was
+acquainted with more links in the chain of _second_ causes, than had
+probably been known to any individual, who went before him; but that he
+dwelt so much, and so _exclusively_ on second causes, that he too
+generally seems to have forgotten that there is a first." For these
+errors he must long since have been called to his account, before one
+who can appreciate those errors better than we can. Though the _Accusing
+Spirit_ must have blushed when he gave them in, yet, let us hope, that
+the _Recording Angel_, out of mercy to his humane heart, and his many
+good and valuable qualities, may have blotted them out for ever.
+
+
+REV. WILLIAM GILPIN, who, as Mr. Dallaway, in his Observations on the
+Arts, observes, "possesses unquestionably the happy faculty to paint
+with words;" and who farther highly compliments him in his supplementary
+chapter on Modern Gardening, annexed to his enriched edition of Mr.
+Walpole's Anecdotes. The Topographer says he "describes with the
+language of a master, the artless scenes of uncultivated nature." Mr.
+Walpole in his postscript to his Catalogue of Engravers, after
+premising, that it might, perhaps, be worth while "to melt down this
+volume and new cast it," pays this tribute to him: "Were I of authority
+sufficient to name my successor, or could prevail on him to condescend
+to accept an office which he could execute with more taste and ability;
+from whose hands could the public receive so much information and
+pleasure as from the author of the _Essay on Prints_, and from the
+_Tours_, &c.? And when was the public ever instructed by the pen and
+pencil at once, with equal excellence in the style of both, but by Mr.
+Gilpin?"
+
+Had Mr. Gilpin written nothing more than his "Lectures on the
+Catechism," that alone would have conferred on him the name of a
+meritorious writer. His allusion to Plato, his reflections on the Last
+Judgment, his animated address to youth, and his conclusion of his
+sixteenth lecture, must strike deep into the heart of every reader. His
+"Sermons preached to a Country Congregation," prove him a pious,
+charitable, and valuable man.[96]
+
+The glowing imagery of his style, when viewing the beautiful scenery in
+many parts of England, and some of the vast and magnificent ones of
+Scotland, is fraught with many fervid charms. Still we are forced to
+join Mr. Mathias, in the remonstrance he so justly makes as to the
+jargonic conceit of some of his language. Mr. Gilpin's first work on
+picturesque beauty, was his Observations on the River Wye, made in the
+year 1770. He afterwards published:
+
+Forest Scenery--Picturesque Beauties of the Highlands--Mountains of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland--Western parts of England--Cambridge,
+Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex--Hampshire, Sussex and Kent. Three Essays, on
+Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel, and on Sketching Landscape,
+to which is added, a poem on Landscape Painting. A full account of his
+numerous works may be seen in Watts's Bibl. Brit. A complete list of
+them is also given by Mr. Nichols, in vol. i. of his Illustrations, with
+a brief memoir. Mr. Johnson also gives a list of such of his works as
+relate to picturesque scenery, with their titles at large. His portrait
+was painted by Walton, and engraved in metz by Clint.
+
+
+JAMES ANDERSON published the following works; and I have given the price
+of such of them as appeared in the late Mr. Harding's Agricultural
+Catalogue:--
+
+     1. The Bee, or Literary Intelligencer, 18 vols. 8vo. _Edinb._ 1791.
+
+     2. Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, Arts and
+     Miscellaneous Literature, 6 vols. 8vo. _Lond._ 3_l._ 10s.
+
+     3. Essays relating to Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 3 vols. 8vo.
+     1_l._ 7s.
+
+     4. Practical Treatise on draining Bogs, 8vo. 6s.
+
+     5. Practical Treatise on Peat Moss, 8vo. 5s.
+
+     6. On Lime as a Cement and Manure, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+     7. An Account of the different kinds of Sheep found in the Russian
+     Dominions, and amongst the Tartar Hordes, 8vo. 6s.
+
+     8. Investigation of the Causes of Scarcity of 1800. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+     9. Miscellaneous Thoughts on Planting Timber Trees, chiefly for the
+     climate of Scotland, by Agricola, 8vo. _Edinb._ 1777.
+
+     10. Description of a Patent Hot-house, 1804. 12mo. 5s.
+
+In "Public Characters of 1800 and 1801," a portrait is given of him, a
+list of his works, and it thus speaks of him: "The manners of this
+ingenious and very useful man were plain and frank, an indication of an
+honest and good heart. He was benevolent and generous, a tender parent,
+and a warm friend, and very highly respected in the circle of his
+acquaintance." There is a portrait of him, painted by Anderson, and
+engraved by Ridley. A copy is given in the Mirror, (published by Vernon
+and Hood), of Nov. 1799. Another is given in the Gentleman's Magazine.
+He died at West Ham, Essex, in 1808, aged 69. Mr. Lysons, in the
+Supplement to his Environs of London, gives a few particulars of him.
+
+
+HORACE WALPOLE. He was the youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole, who so
+long guided the destinies of England, and whose attractive and
+benevolent private life, seems to have fully merited the praise of
+Pope's elegant muse:
+
+   _Seen him I have; but in his happier hour
+   Of social pleasure,--ill exchang'd for power--
+   Seen him uncumber'd with the venal tribe,
+   Smile without art, and win without a bribe._
+
+The best portraits of this intelligent and acute writer, Horace Walpole,
+are the portrait in Mr. Dallaway's richly decorated edition of the
+Anecdotes of Painting, from Sir Joshua Reynolds, and that in Mr.
+Cadell's Contemporary Portraits, from Lawrence. Dance also drew him.
+Another portrait is prefixed to the ninth volume of his works, in 4to.
+1825, from a picture in the possession of the Marquis of Hertford. There
+is another portrait, engraved by Pariset, from Falconot. Mr. Walpole
+died in March, 1797, at his favourite seat at Strawberry-hill, at the
+age of eighty. His manners were highly polished, from his having, during
+the course of a long life, frequented the first societies. His
+conversation abounded with interesting anecdote and playful wit.
+Felicity of narration, and liveliness of expression, mark his graceful
+pen. The Prince de Ligne (a perfect judge) thus speaks of his _History
+of the Modern Taste in Gardening_:--"Je n'en admire pas moins
+l'eloquence, et la profondeur, de son ouvrage sur les jardins." Mr.
+Walpole himself says:--"We have given the true model of gardening to the
+world: let other countries mimic or corrupt our taste; but let it reign
+here on its verdant throne, original by its elegant simplicity, and
+proud of no other art than that of softening nature's harshnesses, and
+copying her graceful touch."
+
+Sir U. Price, in vol. i. p. 18 of his Essays, pays high respect to Mr.
+Walpole, and differs from him "with great deference and reluctance." He
+observes:--"I can hardly think it necessary to make any excuse for
+calling Lord Orford, Mr. Walpole; it is the name by which he is best
+known in the literary world, and to which his writings have given a
+celebrity much beyond what any hereditary honour can bestow." Mr.
+Johnson observes:--"To his sketch of the improvements introduced by
+Bridgman and Kent, and those garden artists, their immediate successors,
+we may afford the best praise; he appears to be a faithful, and is, an
+eloquent annalist." It is impossible to pass by this tribute, without
+reminding my reader, that Mr. Johnson's own review of our ornamental
+gardening, is energetic and luminous; as is indeed the whole of his
+comprehensive general review of gardening, from the earliest period,
+down to the close of the last century.
+
+
+THE HON. DAINES BARRINGTON. He devoted himself to literary pursuits; was
+a profound antiquary, and a truly worthy man. He died in 1800, aged 73,
+at his chambers in the Temple, and was buried in the Temple church. The
+attractive improvements in the gardens there, may be said to have
+originated with him. He possibly looked on them as classic ground; for
+in these gardens, the proud Somerset vowed to dye their white rose to a
+bloody red, and Warwick prophesied that their brawl
+
+                          ----in the Temple garden,
+   Shall send, between the red rose and the white,
+   A thousand souls to death and deadly night.
+
+He published,
+
+     1. Observations on the more Ancient Statutes, 4to. To the 5th
+     edition of which, in 1796, is prefixed his portrait.
+
+     2. The Naturalist's Calendar, 8vo.
+
+     3. A translation of Orosius, ascribed to Alfred, with notes, 8vo.
+
+     4. Tracts on the probability of reaching the North Pole, 4to.
+
+     5. In vol. vii. of the Archæologia, is his paper On the Progress of
+     Gardening. It was printed as a separate tract by Mr. Nichols, price
+     1s. 6d.
+
+     6. Miscellanies on various subjects, 4to.
+
+Mr. Nichols, in his Life of Bowyer, calls him "a man of amiable
+character, polite, communicative and liberal;" and in the fifth volume
+of his Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century,
+he gives a neatly engraved portrait of Mr. Barrington, and some
+memorials or letters of his. Mr. Boswell ("the cheerful, the pleasant,
+the inimitable biographer of his illustrious friend"), thus relates Dr.
+Johnson's wish to become acquainted with Mr. Barrington:--"Soon after he
+had published his excellent Observations on the Statutes, Johnson
+waited on that worthy and learned gentleman, and having told him his
+name, courteously said, 'I have read your book, Sir, with great
+pleasure, and wish to be better known to you.' Thus began an
+acquaintance which was continued with mutual regard as long as Johnson
+lived." John Harris, Esq. the learned author of Philological Enquiries,
+thus speaks of Mr. Barrington's Observations on the Statutes:--"a
+valuable work, concerning which it is difficult to decide, whether it is
+more entertaining or more instructive."
+
+
+JOSEPH CRADOCK, Esq. whose "Village Memoirs" display his fine taste in
+landscape gardening. This feeling and generous-minded man, whose gentle
+manners, polite learning, and excellent talents, entitled him to an
+acquaintance with the first characters of the age, died in 1826, at the
+great age of eighty-five. This classical scholar and polished gentleman,
+who had (as a correspondent observes in the Gentleman's Magazine for
+January, 1827) "the habit of enlivening and embellishing every thing
+which he said with a certain lightning of eye and honied tone of voice,"
+shone in the first literary circles, and ranked as his intimate and
+valued friends (among many other enlightened persons), David Garrick,
+and Warburton, Hurd, Johnson, Goldsmith, Percy, and Parr. Dr. Johnson
+called him "a very pleasing gentleman." Indeed, he appears from every
+account to have been in all respects an amiable and accomplished person.
+He had the honour of being selected to dance a minuet with the most
+graceful of all dancers, Mrs. Garrick, at the Stratford Jubilee. It was
+to Mr. Cradock, that Dr. Farmer addressed his unanswerable Essay on the
+Learning of Shakspeare. In acts of humanity and kindness, he was
+surpassed by few. Pope's line of _the gay conscience of a life well
+spent_, might well have been applied to Mr. Cradock. When in
+Leicestershire, "he was respected by people of all parties for his
+worth, and idolized by the poor for his benevolence." This honest and
+honourable man, depicted his own mind in the concluding part of his
+inscription, for the banks of the lake he formed in his romantic and
+picturesque grounds, in that county:--
+
+   _Here on the bank Pomona's blossoms glow,
+   And finny myriads sparkle from below;
+   Here let the mind at peaceful anchor rest,
+   And heaven's own sunshine cheer the guiltless breast._[97]
+
+In 1773 he partly took his "Zobeide" from an unfinished tragedy by
+Voltaire. On sending a copy to Ferney, the enlightened veteran thus
+concluded his answer: "You have done too much honour to an old sick man
+of eighty. I am, with the most sincere esteem and gratitude,
+
+   "Sir, your obedient servant,
+   "VOLTAIRE."[98]
+
+I cannot refrain from adding a short extract from the above quoted
+magazine, as it brings to one's memory another much esteemed and worthy
+man:--"Here, perhaps, it may be allowable to allude to the sincere
+attachment between Mr. Cradock, and his old friend Mr. Nichols. For
+very many years Mr. Nichols had been accustomed to pay Mr. Cradock an
+annual visit at Gumley Hall; but on Mr. Cradock settling in London, the
+intercourse became incessant, and we doubt not that the daily
+correspondence which took place between them, contributed to cheer the
+latter days of these two veterans in literature. They had both of them
+in early life enjoyed the flattering distinction of an intimacy with the
+same eminent characters; and to hear the different anecdotes elicited in
+their animated conversations respecting Johnson and others, was indeed
+an intellectual treat of no ordinary description. Mr. Cradock and Mr.
+Nichols possessed a similarity in taste and judgment. They were both
+endowed with peculiar quickness of comprehension, and with powers and
+accuracy of memory rarely equalled." One may say of the liberal minded
+Mr. Nichols, what Mr. Murphy said of Dr. Johnson, that his love of
+literature was a passion that stuck to his last stand. The works of Mr.
+Cradock have, since his decease, been published by Mr. J. B. Nichols, in
+4 vols. 8vo. They contain his Essay on Gardening and Village Memoirs.
+They are enriched by a miniature portrait of him, by Hone, in 1764, when
+Mr. Cradock was in his prime of life, in his twenty-second year, and
+when his piercing eyes and intelligent countenance, were thought to have
+resembled those of Mr. Garrick. There is also a profile shade of Mr.
+Cradock, taken of him only a month before his decease. In the above
+quoted magazine, is a copy of this profile, with a memoir.
+
+
+SIR JOSEPH BANKS. There is a fine portrait of him by Russel, engraved by
+Collyer. In Mr. Cadell's Contemporary Portraits is another fine one,
+from the pencil of Lawrence. His portrait is preserved by the
+Horticultural Society of London, and in the British Museum is his bust,
+chiselled and presented by the Hon. Mrs. Damer. A good copy of the
+engraving by Collyer is in the European Magazine for Feb. 1795, and
+from the memoir there given I select the following:
+
+"If to support the dignity of the first literary society in the world,
+and by firmness and candour to conciliate the regard of its members; if
+rejecting the allurements of dissipation, to explore sciences unknown,
+and to cultivate the most manly qualities of the human heart; if to
+dispense a princely fortune in the enlargement of science, the
+encouragement of genius, and the alleviation of distress, be
+circumstances which entitle any one to a more than ordinary share of
+respect, few will dispute the claim of the person whose portrait
+ornaments the present magazine.... In short, he is entitled to every
+praise that science, liberality, and intelligence can bestow on their
+most distinguished favourites."
+
+Dr. Pulteney, in his handsome dedication of his Sketches on the progress
+of Botany, to Sir Joseph, thus alludes to his voyage with Cook:--"To
+whom could a work of this nature with so much propriety be addressed, as
+to him who had not only relinquished, for a series of years, all the
+allurements that a polished nation could display to opulence; but had
+exposed himself to numberless perils, and the repeated risk of life
+itself, that he might attain higher degrees of that knowledge, which
+these sketches are intended to communicate."
+
+The Academy of Sciences at Dijon, in their "Notice sur Sir Jos. Banks,"
+thus apostrophizes his memory:--"Ombre de Banks! apparois en ce lieu
+consacré au culte des sciences et des lettres; viens occuper la place
+que t'y conservent les muses, accepter les couronnes qu'elles-mêmes
+t'ont tressées! viens recevoir le tribut de nos sentimens, témoignage
+sincère de notre douleur et de not regrets; et par le souvenir de tes
+vertus, viens enflammer nos coeurs de cet amour pour le bien, qui fut
+le mobile de toutes tes actions!"[99]
+
+Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, justly calls him "This
+universal patron of the arts and sciences. Natural history was the
+favourite of his scientific studies, and every part of it was enriched
+by his researches." He again hails him as "a munificent friend of
+science and literature." The name of Banks will always be associated
+with that of Solander, the favourite pupil of Linnæus, and with that of
+the immortal Cook. De Lille closes his _Jardins_ with a most generous
+and animated invocation to the memory of this intrepid navigator.
+
+
+WILLIAM FALCONER. The portrait of this eminent physician of Bath, is
+engraved by Fitler, from a painting by Daniel, of Bath, in 1791. It is
+prefixed to his "Influence of the Passions upon Disorders." He died in
+August, 1824, at the age of eighty-one. He published,
+
+     1. Essay on the Preservation of the Health of Persons employed in
+     Agriculture, 1s. Bath, 1789.
+
+     2. Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Natural History; selected from
+     the principal writers of antiquity. 1793. 4to.
+
+     3. Remarks on the Influence of Climate, Situation, Nature of
+     Country, &c. The Encyclop. of Gardening calls this "a most
+     interesting work." A writer in the New Monthly Mag. says "it
+     displays an almost unlimited extent of learning and research."
+
+     4. An Historical View of the Taste for Gardening and Laying out
+     Grounds among the Nations of Antiquity. 8vo. 1s. 6d. 1783. _Dilly._
+
+A list of his other works (nearly twenty in number), may be seen in the
+Dictionary of Living Authors, or in vol. xii. of the New Monthly Mag.;
+which last work says that the late Lord Thurlow, at whose table he was
+almost a constant guest, declared that "he never saw such a man; that he
+knew every thing, and knew it better than any one else." Neither this
+last publication, nor Dr. Watts in his Bibl. Brit. mention Dr.
+Falconer's Historical View of the Taste for Gardening.
+
+
+WILLIAM CURTIS. This honest, much-esteemed, and inoffensive man, though
+so deservedly eminent as a botanist, published only the following work
+on horticulture:--"Directions for Cultivating the Crambe Maritima, or
+Sea-kale for the Use of the Table." A new edition, enlarged, with three
+engravings. 2s. 6d. Mr. Loudon says, that this pamphlet has done more to
+recommend the culture of _sea-kale_ and diffuse the knowledge of it,
+than all his predecessors. Nearly three pages of the Encyclopædia are
+enriched with the result of all that has appeared on the cultivation of
+this vegetable by English, Scotch, or French writers.
+
+The botanical works of Mr. Curtis have long been held in high esteem.
+The first number of his Flora Londinensis appeared in 1777. He commenced
+his Botanical Magazine in 1787. His Observations on British Grasses,
+appeared in a second edition, with coloured plates, in 1790. His
+Lectures were published after his death, to which is prefixed his
+portrait. His portrait is also given in Dr. Thornton's Botany. He died
+in 1799, was buried in Battersea church-yard, and on his grave-stone
+these lines are inscribed:--
+
+   _While living herbs shall spring profusely wild,
+     Or gardens cherish all that's sweet and gay,
+   So long thy works shall please, dear nature's child,
+     So long thy memory suffer no decay._
+
+
+THOMAS MARTYN, Professor of Botany at Cambridge, whose striking
+portrait, from a picture by Russel, appears in Dr. Thornton's superb
+work on botany. He died in June, 1825, in the ninetieth year of his age.
+His edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, appeared in 4 vols.
+folio. Mr. Johnson observes, that this work "requires no comment. It is
+a standard, practical work, never to be surpassed." Mr. Martyn also
+published _Flora Rustica_, a description of plants, useful or injurious
+in husbandry, _with coloured plates_, 4 vols. 8vo.
+
+
+SIR W. CHAMBERS. There are portraits of him by Sir J. Reynolds, engraved
+by Collyer and by Green; one by Cotes, engraved by Houston, in 1772; and
+a profile by Pariset, after a drawing by Falconot. He died in 1796, aged
+sixty-nine. He published,
+
+     1. Designs for Chinese Buildings.
+
+     2. Plans and Views of the Buildings and Gardens at Kew.
+
+     3. A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, second edition, with
+     additions. To which is annexed an Explanatory Discourse, 4to.
+     1773. This work gave rise to those smart satires, _An Heroic
+     Epistle_, and _An Heroic Postscript_.
+
+
+HUMPHREY REPTON, Esq. His portrait is prefixed to his Observations on
+the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, folio. 1803. He also
+published on this subject:
+
+     1. Letter to U. Price, Esq. on Landscape Gardening, 8vo. 1794.
+
+     2. Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening, folio, 1795.
+
+     3. Enquiry into the Changes in Landscape Gardening, 8vo. 1806.
+
+     4. On the Introduction of Indian Architecture and Gardening, folio,
+     1808.
+
+     5. On the supposed Effect of Ivy upon Trees. A charming little
+     essay inserted in the _Linn. Trans._ vol. xi.
+
+     6. Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening,
+     4to. 1816. In p. 80 of the Encyclop. of Gardening, is some general
+     information respecting Mr. Repton.
+
+
+WILLIAM FORSYTH, Esq. His portrait is prefixed to the seventh edition of
+his Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees, 8vo. 1824;
+also to the 4to. edition of the same work in 1802. He also published
+Observations on the diseases, defects, and injuries in all kinds of
+Fruit and Forest Trees, with an account of a particular method of cure,
+8vo. 1791. Mr. Forsyth died in 1804.
+
+
+MR. JAMES DICKSON, who established the well-known seed and herb shop in
+Covent-garden, and died at the age of eighty-six, a few years ago,
+appears to have been very much esteemed. His family at Croydon possess
+his portrait, and there is another preserved by the Horticultural
+Society. He married for his second wife a sister of the intrepid
+traveller Mungo Park. Mr. Dickson, when searching for plants in the
+Hebrides, in 1789, was accompanied by him. Handsome mention is made of
+Mr. Dickson in the Life of Mungo Park, prefixed to the "Journal of a
+Mission to the Interior of Africa." In the above life, the friendly and
+generous assistance which Sir Joseph Banks shewed both to Mr. Dickson,
+and to Mungo Park, is very pleasingly recorded. A memoir of Mr. Dickson
+is given in the 5th vol. of the Hort. Transactions. He published,
+Fasciculus Plantarum Cryptog. Brit. 4 parts 4to. 1785-1801.
+
+
+RICHARD PAYNE KNIGHT, Esq. author of The Landscape, a didactic poem,
+4to. 1794. A second edition, _with a preface_, appeared in 4to. in 1795.
+This poem is the only production of Mr. Knight, on the subject of
+landscape scenery, except his occasional allusions thereto, in his
+Analytical Enquiry into the Principles of Taste, the second edition of
+which appeared in 8vo. in 1805. This latter work embraces a variety of
+subjects, and contains many energetic pages, particularly those on
+Homer, and on the English drama. His philosophical survey of human life
+"in its last stages," (at p. 461), and where he alludes to "the hooks
+and links which hold the affections of age," is worthy of all praise; it
+is deep, solemn, and affecting. The other publications of this gentleman
+are enumerated in Dr. Watts's Bibl. Brit. Mr. Knight, in his Landscape,
+after invoking the genius of Virgil, in reference to his
+
+   _----O qui me gelidis in vallibus Hoemi
+   Sistat, et ingenti ramorum protegat unbrâ,_
+
+thus proceeds, after severely censuring Mr. _Browne_, who
+
+   ----bade the stream 'twixt banks close shaved to glide;
+   Banish'd the thickets of high-bowering wood,
+   Which hung, reflected o'er the glassy flood:
+   Where screen'd and shelter'd from the heats of day,
+   Oft on the moss-grown stone reposed I lay,
+   And tranquil view'd the limpid stream below,
+   Brown with o'er hanging shade, in circling eddies flow.
+     Dear peaceful scenes, that now prevail no more,
+   Your loss shall every weeping muse deplore!
+   Your poet, too, in one dear favour'd spot,
+   Shall shew your beauties are not quite forgot:
+   Protect from all the sacrilegious waste
+   Of false improvement, and pretended taste,
+   _One tranquil vale!_[100] where oft, from care retir'd
+   He courts the muse, and thinks himself inspired;
+   Lulls busy thought, and rising hope to rest,
+   And checks each wish that dares his peace molest.
+
+After scorning "wisdom's solemn empty toys," he proceeds:
+
+     Let me, retir'd from business, toil, and strife,
+   Close amidst books and solitude my life;
+   Beneath yon high-brow'd rocks in thickets rove,
+   Or, meditating, wander through the grove;
+   Or, from the cavern, view the noontide beam
+   Dance on the rippling of the lucid stream,
+   While the wild woodbine dangles o'er my head,
+   And various flowers around their fragrance spread.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Then homeward as I sauntering move along,
+   The nightingale begins his evening song;
+   Chanting a requiem to departed light,
+   That smooths the raven down of sable night.
+
+After an animated tribute to _Homer_, he reviews the rising and the
+slumbering, or drooping of the arts, midst storms of war, and gloomy
+bigotry.
+
+   Hail, arts divine!--still may your solace sweet
+   Cheer the recesses of my calm retreat;
+   And banish every mean pursuit, that dares
+   Cloud life's serene with low ambitious cares.
+     Vain is the pomp of wealth: its splendid halls,
+   And vaulted roofs, sustain'd by marble walls.--
+   In beds of state pale sorrow often sighs,
+   Nor gets relief from gilded canopies:
+   But arts can still new recreation find,
+   To soothe the troubles of th' afflicted mind;
+   Recall the ideal work of ancient days,
+   And man in his own estimation raise;
+   Visions of glory to his eyes impart,
+   And cheer with conscious pride his drooping heart.
+
+After a review of our several timber trees, and a tribute to our native
+streams, and woods; and after describing in happy lines _Kamtschatka's_
+dreary coast, he concludes his poem with reflections on the ill-fated
+_Queen of France_, whose
+
+   Waning beauty, in the dungeon's gloom,
+   Feels, yet alive, the horrors of the tomb!
+
+Mr. Knight's portrait, painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, is preserved at
+Downton Castle, near Ludlow; and is engraved among Cadell's Contemporary
+Portraits. It is also engraved by Bromley, from the same painter.
+Another portrait was in the library of the late Mr. Johnes, at Havod.
+
+
+DR. ANDREW DUNCAN. He died at Edinburgh in June 1828, at the great age
+of eighty-four. His portrait was drawn by Raiburn, and engraved by
+Mitchell. He was a contemporary of several eminent persons, whose
+society and friendship formed one of the chief pleasures of his life.
+There was scarcely an institution proposed for the benefit of his native
+city, Edinburgh, to which his name will not be found a contributor. He
+was, in fact, the patron and benefactor of all public charities. In 1809
+he projected, and by his exertions, succeeded in establishing, the
+Horticultural Society of Edinburgh. His animated and scientific
+discourses, delivered at the meetings of the Caledonian Horticultural
+Society, will always be perused with eager pleasure by every
+horticulturist. In that delivered in December, 1814, and inserted in the
+fifth number of their Memoirs, this zealous well-wisher of his native
+city, thus exults:--"I am now, gentlemen, past the seventieth year of my
+age, and I have been a steady admirer both of Flora and Pomona from the
+very earliest period of my youth. During a pretty long life, it has been
+my lot to have had opportunities of visiting gardens in three different
+quarters of the globe, in Europe, in Asia, and in Africa; and from what
+I have seen, I am decidedly of opinion, that at the present day, there
+is not a large city in the world, which enjoys a supply of vegetable
+food in more abundance, in greater variety, or in higher excellence,
+than the city of Edinburgh. From the potatoe to the pine-apple,--from
+the most useful to the most delicious productions of the vegetable
+kingdom, we are not at present outdone, as far as my observation goes,
+by any large city on the face of the earth." His medical talents may
+well be believed not to have been small, when it is told, that he was
+the rival in practice, and by no means an unsuccessful one, of the
+illustrious Cullen, of the Monros, and of Gregory. In private life, Dr.
+Duncan was eminently distinguished for his sociality, and the desire to
+benefit all mankind. He was a member of several social clubs. His
+favourite amusement was _gardening_. He possessed a garden in the
+neighbourhood of Edinburgh, which he cultivated entirely with his own
+hands, and on the door of which was placed, in conspicuous letters,
+'_hinc salus_.' He was particularly kind to the students attending his
+lectures, and gave a tea-drinking every Sunday evening to about a dozen
+of them, by rotation, who assembled at six o'clock and went away at
+eight. When old, he used sometimes to forget the lapse of time, and in
+his lectures, frequently spoke about the _late_ Mr. Haller, who lived a
+century before. To the last year of his life he never omitted going up,
+on the morning of the 1st of May, to wash his face in the dew of the
+summit of a mountain near Edinburgh, called Arthur's Seat. He had the
+merit of being the father of the present Dr. Duncan, the celebrated
+author of the Edinburgh Dispensatory, and professor of materia medica.
+Dr. Duncan's funeral was properly made a public one, at which the
+professors, magistrates, and medical bodies of Edinburgh attended, to
+testify their sorrow and respect.
+
+
+SIR UVEDALE PRICE. His portrait was taken by Sir Thomas Lawrence, and is
+now at Foxley.[101] The Hereford Journal of Wednesday, September 16,
+1829, thus relates his decease:--"On Monday last died, at Foxley, in
+this county, Sir Uvedale Price, Bart. in the eighty-third year of his
+age. The obituary of 1829 will not record a name more gifted or more
+dear! In a county where he was one of the oldest, as well as one of the
+most constant of its inhabitants, it were superfluous to enumerate his
+many claims to distinction and regret. His learning, his sagacity, his
+exquisite taste, his indefatigable ardour, would have raised to eminence
+a man much less conspicuous by his station in life, by his
+correspondence with the principal literati of Europe, and by the
+attraction and polish of his conversation and manners. Possessing his
+admirable faculties to so venerable an age, we must deplore that a
+gentleman who conferred such honour on our county is removed from that
+learned retirement in which he delighted, and from that enchanting scene
+which, in every sense, he so greatly adorned. He is succeeded in his
+title by his only son, now Sir Robert Price, one of our
+representatives."
+
+Sir Uvedale published the following:
+
+     1. An Essay on the Picturesque, as compared with the Sublime and
+     Beautiful, and on the use of studying pictures for the purpose of
+     improving real landscape, 8vo. 1794. This volume was afterwards
+     published in 1796, in 8vo. with _considerable additions_, and in
+     1798 was published at _Hereford_ a second volume, being an Essay on
+     Artificial Water, an Essay on Decorations near the House, and an
+     Essay on Architecture and Buildings as connected with Scenery.
+
+     2. A Letter to H. Repton, Esq. on the application of the practice
+     and principles of Landscape Painting to Landscape Gardening.
+     Intended as a supplement to the Essays. To which is prefixed Mr.
+     Repton's Letter to Mr. Price. Lond. 1795, 8vo. Second edition,
+     _Hereford_, 1798, 8vo. This is a sportive display of pleasant wit,
+     polished learning, and deep admiration of the great landscape
+     painters. Keen as some of his pages are, and lamenting that there
+     should have been any controversy ("or tilting at each other's
+     breasts,") on the subject of Launcelot Browne's works, "I trust,
+     (says he,) however, that my friends will vouch for me, that
+     whatever sharpness there may be in my style, there is no rancour in
+     my heart." Mr. Repton in his Enquiry into the Changes of Landscape
+     Gardening, acknowledges "the elegant and gentleman-like manner in
+     which Mr. Price has examined my opinions." Indeed, many pages in
+     this present letter shew this.
+
+     3. A Dialogue on the distinct Characters of the Picturesque and the
+     Beautiful, in answer to the objections of Mr. Knight, 1801,
+     8vo.[102]
+
+A general review of Sir Uvedale's ideas on this subject, is candidly
+given by Mr. Loudon at p. 78 of his Encyclop. after a mature study of
+_all_ the modern writers who have endeavoured to form "a taste for the
+harmony and connection of natural scenery." Mr. Loudon farther calls him
+"the great reformer of landscape gardening."
+
+We have to regret, that though so many springs must have cheered the
+long life of Sir Uvedale Price, (and which he calls the _dolce prima
+vera, gioventu dell'anno_, and whose blossoms, flowers, and
+"profusion of fresh, gay, and beautiful colours and sweets," he so
+warmly dwelt on in many of his pages,) and though the number of these
+springs must have nearly equalled those which gilded the days of Lord
+Kames, of the honourable Horace Walpole, of Mr. Gilpin, and of Joseph
+Cradock, Esq. yet we have to regret that his classic pen has presented
+to the public no other efforts of his genius and cultivated taste, than
+the few respectable ones above stated. Had he chose to have indulged his
+own powers in describing what has been done towards "embellishing the
+face of this noble kingdom," (to quote his own words,) we might have
+perused descriptive pages equal to his own critical and refined review
+of Blenheim, or of Powis Castle, and of a character as high and pure, as
+those of Thomas Whateley. In proof of this, we need only refer to many
+pages in his Essays,--not only when he so well paints the charms of
+sequestered nature, whether in its deep recesses, _o'er canopied with
+luscious eglantine_,--in the "modest and retired character of a
+brook,"--the rural simplicity of a cottage, with its lilacs and fruit
+trees, its rustic porch, covered with vine or ivy, but when he dwells on
+the ruins and on "the religious calm" of our abbeys,[103] or on our old
+mansion-houses, with their terraces, their summer-houses covered with
+ivy, and mixed with wild vegetation. And we need farther only to refer
+to those feeling pages in his second volume, where he laments that his
+own youth and inexperience should (in order to follow the silly folly of
+_being in the fashion_,) have doomed to sudden and total destruction an
+old paternal garden, with all its embellishments, and whose destruction
+revives in these pages all the emotions of his youth; and he concludes
+these pages of regret, by candidly confessing, that he gained little but
+"much difficulty, expence and dirt," and that he thus detains his
+readers in relating what so personally concerns himself, "because there
+is nothing so useful to others, however humiliating to ourselves, as
+the frank confession of our errors and of their causes. No man can
+equally with the person who committed them, impress upon others the
+extent of the mischief done, and the regret that follows it." It is
+painful to quit pages so interesting as those that immediately follow
+this quotation.[104]
+
+There are few objects that the enlightened mind of Sir Uvedale has not
+remarked. Take the following as an instance:
+
+"Nothing is so captivating, or seems so much to accord with our ideas of
+beauty, as the smiles of a beautiful countenance; yet they have
+sometimes a striking mixture of the other character. Of this kind are
+those smiles which break out suddenly from a serious, sometimes from
+almost a severe countenance, and which, when that gleam is over, leave
+no trace of it behind--
+
+   _Brief as the lightning in the collied night,
+   That in a spleen unfolds both heaven and earth,
+   And e'er a man has time to say, behold!
+   The jaws of darkness do devour it up._
+
+There is another smile, which seems in the same degree to accord with
+the ideas of beauty only: it is that smile which proceeds from a mind
+full of sweetness and sensibility, and which, when it is over, still
+leaves on the countenance its mild and amiable impression; as after the
+sun is set, the mild glow of his rays is still diffused over every
+object. This smile, with the glow that accompanies it, is beautifully
+painted by Milton, as most becoming an inhabitant of heaven:
+
+   To whom the angel, with a smile that glow'd
+   Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue,
+   Thus answered."
+
+The great object in the above Essays, is to improve the laying out of
+grounds by studying the productions "of those great artists _who have
+most diligently studied the beauties of nature_. On this subject he has
+in these volumes poured forth the effusions of his richly gifted mind,
+in his contemplation of the works of those really great painters, whose
+landscape scenery, from the most rural to the grandest, "have been
+consecrated by long uninterrupted admiration." Instead of the narrow,
+mechanical practice of a few English gardeners, or layers-out of
+grounds, he wishes "the noble and varied works of the eminent painters
+of every age, and of every country, and those of _their_ supreme
+mistress NATURE, should be the great models of imitation."[105] He has
+supported many of his opinions or observations, or embellished or
+enlivened them, by acute allusions, not only to Milton but to
+Shakspeare, whom he calls "that most original creator, and most accurate
+observer."[106]
+
+He has depicted his own mind in p. 378 of the first volume of his
+Essays; for after lamenting that despotic system of improvement which
+demands all to be laid open,--all that obstructs to be levelled to the
+ground,--houses, orchards, gardens, all swept away,--nothing tending to
+humanize the mind--and that a despot thinks every person an intruder who
+enters his domain, wishing to destroy cottages and pathways, and to
+reign alone, he thus proceeds:--"Here I cannot resist paying a tribute
+to the memory of a beloved uncle, and recording a benevolence towards
+all the inhabitants around him, that struck me from my earliest
+remembrance; and it is an impression I wish always to cherish. It seemed
+as if he had made his extensive walks as much for them as for himself;
+they used them as freely, and their enjoyment was his. The village bore
+as strong marks of his and of his brother's attentions (for in that
+respect they appeared to have but one mind), to the comforts and
+pleasures of its inhabitants. Such attentive kindnesses, are amply
+repaid by affectionate regard and reverence; and were they general
+throughout the kingdom, they would do much more towards guarding us
+against democratical opinions
+
+   _Than twenty thousand soldiers, arm'd in proof._
+
+The cheerfulness of the scene I have mentioned, and all the interesting
+circumstances attending it, (so different from those of solitary
+grandeur,) have convinced me, that he who destroys dwellings, gardens
+and inclosures, for the sake of mere extent, and parade of property,
+only extends the bounds of monotony, and of dreary, selfish pride; but
+contrasts those of vanity, amusement and humanity."
+
+One may trace, too, his feeling mind towards the conclusion of his
+second volume, where, after many pleasing pages on the rural scenery of
+cottages, and in hamlets and villages, ("where a lover of humanity may
+find so many sources of amusement and interest,") and on the means of
+embellishing them, "I could wish (says he) to turn the minds of
+improvers from too much attachment to solitary parade, towards objects
+more connected with general habitation and embellishment; ... and it may
+be truly said, that there is no way in which wealth can produce such
+natural unaffected variety, and such interest, as by adorning a real
+village, and promoting the comforts and enjoyments of its inhabitants.
+_Goldsmith_ has most feelingly described (more, I trust, from the warmth
+of a poetical imagination and quick sensibility than from real fact),
+the ravages of wealthy pride. My aim is to shew, that they are no less
+hostile to real taste, than to humanity; and should I succeed, it is
+possible that those, whom all the affecting images and pathetic touches
+of Goldsmith would not have restrained from destroying a village, may
+even be induced to build one, in order to shew their taste in the
+decoration and disposition of village-houses and cottages." After many
+traces of village scenery, he thus proceeds: "The church, together with
+the church-yard, is, on various accounts, an interesting object to the
+villagers of every age and disposition; to the old and serious, as a
+spot consecrated to the purposes of religion, where the living christian
+performs his devotions, and where, after his death, his body is
+deposited near those of his ancestors and departed friends, and
+relations: to the young and thoughtless, as a place where, on the day of
+rest from labour, they meet each other in their holiday clothes; and
+also (what forms a singular contrast with tombs and grave-stones), as
+the place which at their wakes, is the chief scene of their gaiety and
+rural sports." After speaking of the yew, which from the solemnity of
+its foliage, is most suited to church-yards, being as much consecrated
+to the dead as the cypress among the ancients, he says that "there seems
+to be no reason, why in the more southern parts of England, cypresses
+should not be mixed with yews, or why cedars of Libanus, which are
+perfectly hardy, and of a much quicker growth than yews, should not be
+introduced. In high romantic situations, particularly, where the
+church-yard is elevated above the general level, a cedar, spreading his
+branches downwards from that height, would have the most picturesque,
+and at the same time, the most solemn effect."
+
+
+
+
+ADDENDA.
+
+
+Page 5.--I am enabled from Mr. Johnson's lately published History of
+English Gardening, to add a very early tract on that subject, and I take
+the liberty of transcribing his exact words: "A Boke of Husbandry,
+London, 4to. This little work is very rare, being one of the productions
+from the press of Wynkin de Worde. It consists of but twelve leaves, and
+is without date, but certainly was not of a later year than 1500. The
+following extracts explain its nature. 'Here begyneth a treatyse of
+Husbandry which Mayster Groshede somtyme Bysshop of Lyncoln made, and
+translated it out of Frensshe into Englyshe, whiche techeth all maner of
+men to governe theyr londes, tenementes, and demesnes ordinately.'
+
+'Here endeth the Boke of Husbandry, _and of Plantynge, and Graffynge of
+Trees and Vynes_.'"
+
+About the year 1797 the late Mr. Nichols printed the Life of Robert
+_Grosseteste_, the celebrated Bishop of Lincoln. By Samuel Pegge, LL.D.
+With an Account of the Bishop's _Works_, &c. Illustrated with plates of
+his Tomb, Ring, and Crosier. 4to. Price 13s. in boards.
+
+Page 17.--I have in this page alluded to the hard fate of Correggio.
+That my reader may know who he was, let him inspect those pages in vol.
+i. of Sir U. Price's Essays, where he thus concludes a critique on his
+genius: "I believe that if a variety of persons, conversant in painting,
+were asked what pictures (taking every circumstance together) appeared
+to them most beautiful, and had left the softest and most pleasing
+impression,--the majority would fix upon Correggio."
+
+Page 17.--W. Lawson, in the dedication to his New Orchard and Garden,
+gives the name of an author on gardening, whose book I have not met
+with. He dedicates it "to the right worshipfull _Sir Henry Belosses_,"
+and he acknowledges, "1st. the many courtesies you have vouchsaved me.
+2dly. your delightfull skill in matters of this nature. 3dly. the profit
+which I received from your _learned discourse of Fruit-trees_. 4thly.
+your animating and assisting of others to such endeavours. Last of all,
+the rare worke of your owne in this kind, all which to publish under
+your protection, I have adventured as you see." From this it would
+appear, that this "learned discourse" is transfused into the New Orchard
+and Garden. After all, perhaps, this "learned discourse" was merely in
+conversation. At all events, it has recorded the name of Sir Henry as
+warmly devoted to orcharding, or to horticulture. W. Lawson, in his
+preface, dwells upon the praises of this art, "how some, and not a few
+of the best, have accounted it a chiefe part of earthly happinesse to
+have faire and pleasant orchards--how ancient, how profitable, how
+pleasant it is." His fourteenth chapter is On the Age of Fruit-trees.
+After stating that some "shall dure 1000 years," and the age of many of
+the apple-trees in his little orchard, he says: "If my trees be 100
+yeares old, and yet want 200 of their growth before they leave
+increasing, which make 300, then we must needs resolve, that this 300
+yeere are but the third part of a tree's life, because (as all things
+living besides) so trees must have allowed them for their increase one
+third, another third for their stand, and a third part of time also for
+their decay."--"So that I resolve upon good reason, that Fruit-trees
+well ordered, may live and live 1000 yeeres, and beare fruit, and the
+longer, the more, the greater, and the better, because his vigour is
+proud and stronger, when his yeeres are many. You shall see old trees
+put their buds and blossoms both sooner and more plentifully than young
+trees by much. And I sensibly perceive my young trees to inlarge their
+fruit, as they grow greater, both for number, and greatnesse."--"And if
+Fruit-trees last to this age, how many ages is it to be supposed, strong
+and huge Timber-trees will last? whose huge bodies require the yeeres of
+divers _Methushalaes_, before they end their days; whose sap is strong
+and better, whose barke is hard and thicke, and their substance solid
+and stiffe: all which are defences of health and long life. Their
+strength withstands all forcible winds." His seventeenth chapter is on
+the Ornaments of an Orchard. I here give the whole of that chapter:
+
+
+"Me thinks hitherto we haue but a bare Orchard for fruit, and but halfe
+good, so long as it wants those comely ornaments, that should giue
+beauty to all our labours, and make much for the honest delight of the
+owner and his friends.
+
+"For it is not to be doubted: but as God hath giuen man things
+profitable, so hath he allowed him honest comfort, delight, and
+recreation in all the workes of his hands. Nay, all his labours vnder
+the sunne without this are troubles, and vexation of mind: For what is
+greedy gaine, without delight, but moyling, and turmoyling slauery? But
+comfortable delight, with content, is the good of euery thing, and the
+patterne of heauen. A morsell of bread with comfort, is better by much
+than a fat oxe with vnquietnesse. And who can deny, but the principall
+end of an Orchard, is the honest delight of one wearied with the works
+of his lawfull calling? The very workes of and in an Orchard and Garden,
+are better than the ease and rest of and from other labours. When God
+had made man after his owne image, in a perfect state, and would haue
+him to represent himselfe in authority, tranquillity and pleasure vpon
+the earth, he placed him in Paradise. What was Paradise? but a Garden
+and Orchard of trees and hearbs, full of pleasure? and nothing there but
+delights. The gods of the earth, resembling the great God of heauen in
+authority, maiestie, and abundance of all things, wherein is their most
+delight? and whither doe they withdraw themselues from the troublesome
+affaires of their estate, being tyred with the hearing and iudging of
+litigious Controuersies? choked (as it were) with the close ayres of
+their sumptuous buildings, their stomacks cloyed with variety of
+Banquets, their eares filled and ouerburthened with tedious
+discoursings? whither? but into their Orchards, made and prepared,
+dressed and destinated for that purpose, to renue and refresh their
+sences, and to call home their ouer-wearied spirits. Nay, it is (no
+doubt) a comfort to them, to set open their cazements into a most
+delicate Garden and Orchard, whereby they may not onely see that,
+wherein they are so much delighted, but also to giue fresh, sweet, and
+pleasant ayre to their galleries and chambers.
+
+"And looke, what these men do by reason of their greatnes and ability,
+prouoked with delight, the same doubtlesse would euery of vs doe, if
+power were answerable to our desires, whereby we shew manifestly, that
+of all other delights on earth, they that are taken by Orchards, are
+most excellent, and most agreeing with nature.
+
+"For whereas euery other pleasure commonly filles some one of our
+sences, and that onely, with delight, this makes all our sences swimme
+in pleasure, and that with infinite variety, ioyned with no less
+commodity.
+
+"That famous philosopher, and matchlesse orator, M. T. C. prescribeth
+nothing more fit, to take away the tediousnesse and heauy load of three
+or foure score yeeres, than the pleasure of an Orchard.
+
+"What can your eyes desire to see, your ears to hear, your mouth to
+tast, or your nose to smell, that is not to be had in an Orchard, with
+abundance and variety? What more delightsome than an infinite variety of
+sweet smelling flowers? decking with sundry colours, the greene mantle
+of the earth, vniuersall mother of vs all, so by them bespotted, so
+dyed, that all the world cannot sample them, and wherein it is more fit
+to admire the Dyer, than imitate his workemanship. Colouring not onely
+the earth, but decking the ayre, and sweetning euery breath and spirit.
+
+"The rose red, damaske, veluet, and double double prouince rose, the
+sweet muske rose, double and single, the double and single white rose.
+The faire and sweet senting Woodbinde, double and single, and double
+double. Purple cowslips, and double cowslips, and double double
+cowslips. Primerose double and single. The violet nothing behinde the
+best, for smelling sweetly. A thousand more will prouoke your content.
+
+"And all these, by the skill of your gardner, so comely, and orderly
+placed in your borders and squares, and so intermingled, that none
+looking thereon, cannot but wonder, to see, what Nature corrected by Art
+can doe.
+
+"When you behold in diuers corners of your Orchard Mounts of stone, or
+wood curiously wrought within and without, or of earth couered with
+fruit-trees: Kentish cherry, damsons, plummes, &c. with staires of
+precious workmanship. And in some corner (or moe) a true dyall or
+Clocke, and some anticke workes, and especially siluer-sounding musique,
+mixt instruments and voices, gracing all the rest: How will you be rapt
+with delight?
+
+"Large walkes, broad and long, close and open, like the Tempe groves in
+Thessalie, raised with grauell and sand, hauing seats and bankes of
+cammomile, all this delights the minde, and brings health to the body.
+
+"View now with delight the workes of your owne hands, your fruit-trees
+of all sorts, loaden with sweet blossomes, and fruit of all tasts,
+operations, and colours: your trees standing in comely order which way
+soeuer you looke.
+
+"Your borders on euery side hanging and drooping with feberries,
+raspberries, barberries, currens, and the rootes of your trees powdred
+with strawberries, red, white, and greene, what a pleasure is this? Your
+gardner can frame your lesser wood to the shape of men armed in the
+field, ready to giue battell: or swift running greyhounds: or of well
+sented and true running hounds, to chase the deere, or hunt the hare.
+This kind of hunting shall not waste your corne, nor much your coyne.
+
+"Mazes well framed a mans height, may perhaps make your friends wander
+in gathering of berries, till he cannot recouer himselfe without your
+helpe.
+
+"To haue occasion to exercise within your Orchard: it shall be a
+pleasure to haue a bowling alley, or rather (which is more manly, and
+more healthfull) a paire of buts, to stretch your armes.
+
+"Rosemary and sweete eglantine are seemely ornaments about a doore or
+window, and so is woodbinde.
+
+"And in mine opinion, I could highly commend your Orchard, if either
+through it, or hard by it there should runne a pleasant riuer with
+siluer streames: you might sit in your mount, and angle a pickled trout,
+or sleightie eele, or some other dainty fish. Or moats, whereon you
+might row with a boate, and fish with nettes.
+
+"Store of bees in a dry and warme bee-house, comely made of fir-boords,
+to sing, and sit, and feede vpon your flowers and sprouts, make a
+pleasant noyse and sight. For cleanely and innocent bees, of all other
+things, loue and become, and thriue in an Orchard. If they thriue (as
+they must needes, if your gardner bee skilfull, and loue them: for they
+loue their friends, and hate none but their enemies) they will, besides
+the pleasure, yeeld great profit, to pay him his wages. Yea, the
+increase of twenty stockes or stooles, with other fees, will keepe your
+Orchard.
+
+"You need not doubt their stings, for they hurt not whom they know, and
+they know their keeper and acquaintance. If you like not to come amongst
+them, you need not doubt them: for but neere their store, and in their
+owne defence, they will not fight, and in that case onely (and who can
+blame them?) they are manly, and fight desperately. Some (as that
+Honorable Lady at Hacknes, whose name doth much grace mine Orchard) vse
+to make seats for them in the stone wall of their Orchard, or Garden,
+which is good, but wood is better.
+
+"A vine ouer-shadowing a seate, is very comely, though her grapes with
+vs ripe slowly.
+
+"One chiefe grace that adornes an Orchard, I cannot let slip: A brood of
+nightingales, who with their seuerall notes and tunes, with a strong
+delightsome voyce, out of a weake body, will beare you company night and
+day. She loues (and liues in) hots of woods in her hart. She will helpe
+you to cleanse your trees of caterpillars, and all noysome wormes and
+flyes. The gentle robin red-breast will helpe her, and in winter in the
+coldest stormes will keepe a part. Neither will the silly wren be behind
+in summer, with her distinct whistle (like a sweete recorder) to cheere
+your spirits.
+
+"The black-bird and threstle (for I take it the thrush sings not, but
+deuoures) sing loudly in a May morning, delights the eare much (and you
+neede not want their company, if you haue ripe cherries or berries, and
+would as gladly as the rest do you pleasure:) But I had rather want
+their company than my fruit.
+
+"What shall I say? A thousand of pleasant delightes are attendant in an
+Orchard: and sooner shall I be weary, than I can recken the least part
+of that pleasure, which one that hath and loues an Orchard, may find
+therein.
+
+"What is there of all these few that I haue reckoned, which doth not
+please the eye, the eare, the smell, and taste? And by these sences as
+organes, pipes, and windowes, these delights are carried to refresh the
+gentle, generous, and noble mind.
+
+"To conclude, what ioy may you haue, that you liuing to such an age,
+shall see the blessings of God on your labours while you liue, and
+leaue behind you to heires or successors (for God will make heires) such
+a worke, that many ages after your death, shall record your loue to
+their countrey? And the rather, when you consider (chap. 14.) to what
+length of time your worke is like to last."
+
+Page 30.--Having briefly glanced in this page at the delight with which
+Sir H. Davy, Mr. Worlidge, and Mr. Whateley, viewed the flowers of
+spring, I can only add this reflection of Sturm:--"If there were no
+stronger proofs on earth of the power, goodness, and wisdom of God, the
+flowers of spring alone, would be sufficient to convince us of it."
+
+Page 45.--The character of this modest and candid man, (Switzer), has
+found an able advocate in the honest pen of Mr. Johnson, who, in p. 159
+of his History of Gardening, after noticing the acrimony of his
+opponents, observes, "Neglect has pursued him beyond the grave, for his
+works are seldom mentioned or quoted as authorities of the age he lived
+in. To me he appears to be the best author of his time; and if I was
+called upon to point out the classic authors of gardening, _Switzer_
+should be one of the first on whom I would lay my finger. His works
+evidence him at once to have been a sound, practical horticulturist, a
+man well versed in the botanical science of the day, in its most
+enlarged sense." Mr. Johnson enumerates the distinct contents of each
+chapter in the Iconologia--the Kitchen Gardener--and the Fruit Gardener.
+
+Page 59.--The Tortworth Chesnut was growing previous to the Norman
+Conquest. It fixes the boundary of a manor. Even in the reign of
+Stephen, it was known as the great chesnut of Tortworth.
+
+Page 62.--The author of this treatise, who is a zealous orchardist, is
+lavish in his praise of a then discovered apple-tree and its produce,
+"for the little cot-house to which it belongs, together with the little
+quillet in which it stands, being several years since mortgaged for ten
+pounds, the fruit of this tree alone, in a course of some years, freed
+the house and garden, and its more valuable self, from that burden." A
+neighbouring clergyman, too, was equally lavish, for he "talked of it in
+all conversations," and such was his praise of it, that every one "fell
+to admiration." Mr. Stafford is so pleased with this reverend
+gentleman's zeal, in extending the cultivation of this apple, (_the
+Royal Wilding_) that he says, "I could really wish, whenever the
+original tree decayeth, his statue carved out of the stump, by the most
+expert hand, and overlaid with gold, may be erected near the public
+road, in the place of it, at the common charge of the country." He
+celebrates also another apple, which "in a pleasant conversation was
+named by a gentleman _super-celestial_. Another gentleman, in allusion
+to _Pynes_, the name of my house, and to the common story of the West
+India pineapple, (which is said to be the finest fruit in the world, and
+to represent every exquisite flavour that is known), determined that it
+should be called the _pyne-apple_; and by either of these names it is
+talked of when pleasantry and conversation bring the remembrance of it
+to the table."
+
+Page 64.--It is but justice to Mr. Gibson to say, that in his Fruit
+Gardener, he has entered fully into the merits of Le Genre's _Le maniere
+de cultiver les arbres fruitiers_; and that his pages are extremely
+interesting. The great merits of Quintinye are also not overlooked.
+
+Page 84.--To the list of those deceased authors, whose portraits I have
+not been able to discover, I must add the following:
+
+
+JOHN BRADDICK, Esq. A zealous horticulturist and fruit grower. He
+contributed four papers to the Horticultural Society of London. In the
+Gardener's Mag. for Jan. 1827, is a communication by him, on some new
+French pears. The editor of this magazine acknowledges "the very liberal
+and truly patriotic manner in which our highly-valued correspondent
+shares every novelty he receives with those whose interest it is to
+increase and disseminate such novelties." In the above magazine for
+March, 1827, is another spirited communication by him, on these new
+pears, introduced from France, in which he says:--"And here I think it
+necessary to premise, that the following list is the cream skimmed off
+some thousands of new pears, which I have for many years past been
+getting together from various parts of the world, about two-thirds of
+which yet remain for trial, not having fruited, together with some
+thousands of seedling pears, apples, plums, cherries, apricots, peaches
+and grapes, of my own raising; the fruits of some of which I hope will
+continue to gladden the hearts of horticulturists for many years to
+come. As they are produced I will make them known to the public, with as
+much facility as lies in my power.
+
+"_Boughton Mount, July 29, 1826._"
+
+One is sorry to relate, that Mr. Braddick died soon after this
+benevolent wish; for he died at the above seat of his, near Maidstone,
+in April, 1828, at the age of sixty-three.
+
+Page 120.--Dr. Dibdin thus speaks of Archibald Alison: "The beautiful
+and melodious style of this writer, renders his works deserving of a
+conspicuous place in every well-chosen library."
+
+Page 89.--In this page I have stated that Dr. Dibdin says, "on many
+accounts does G. Markham seem entitled to more notice and commendation."
+I have given extracts from his "English Husbandman," to shew his love
+for flowers. The same attachment is visible where he enumerates them in
+his "Country House-wive's Garden."--By the bye, though I have stated
+this last work to be his, it surely appears to have been written by W.
+Lawson. I merely now give the following extract from Markham's "English
+House-Wife:"
+
+"Next vnto this sanctity and holinesse of life, it is meet that our
+English hous-wife be a woman of great modesty and temperance as well
+inwardly as outwardly; inwardly, as in her behauiour and cariage towards
+her husband, wherein she shall shunne all violence of rage, passion, and
+humour, coueting lesse to direct then to be directed, appearing euer
+vnto him pleasant, amiable, and delightfull, and though occasion,
+mishaps, or the misgouernement of his will may induce her to contrary
+thoughts, yet vertuously to suppresse them, and with a mild sufferance
+rather to call him home from his error, then with the strength of anger
+to abate the least sparke of his euill, calling in her mind that euill
+and vncomely language is deformed though vttered euen to seruants, but
+most monstrous and vgly when it appeares before the presence of a
+husband: outwardly, as in her apparrell and diet, both which she shall
+proportion according to the competency of her husband's estate and
+calling, making her circle rather strait then large, for it is a rule if
+we extend to the vttermost, we take away increase, if we goe a hayre
+breadth beyond, we enter into consumption: but if we preserue any part,
+we build strong forts against the aduersaries of fortune, prouided that
+such preseruation be honest and conscionable: for a lauish prodigality
+is brutish, so miserable couetuousnesse is hellish. Let therefore the
+hus-wives garments be comly and strong, made aswel to preserue the
+health, as adorne the person, altogether without toyish garnishes, or
+the glosse of light colours, and as far from the vanity of new and
+fantastick fashions, as neere to the comly imitations of modest
+matrons."
+
+I must give an extract from his "Country Contentements," as he reminds
+us of Shakspeare's lines on the tuneable cry of hounds; for Markham
+dwells on their sweetness of cry--"their deepe solemne mouthes--their
+roaring and loud ringing mouthes, which must beare the counter-tenor,
+then some hollow plaine sweete mouthes--a deep-mouthed dog--a couple or
+two of small singing beagles, which as small trebles, may warble amongst
+them: the cry will be a great deale the more sweeter--the hollow deepe
+mouth--the loud clanging mouthe--deepe flewed, such as for the most part
+your _Shropshire_ and pure _Worcestershire_ dogs are--the louder and
+pleasanter your cry will be, especially if it be in sounding tall woods,
+or under the echo of rocks--and not above one couple of roarers, which
+being heard but now and then, as at the opening or hitting of a scent,
+will give much sweetnesse to the solemns, and gravenesse of the cry, and
+the musick thereof will bee much more delightfull to the eares of every
+beholder."
+
+Page 123.--The memory of Pope has perhaps never been more affectionately
+honoured (nor that of Lord Mendip, who so zealously preserved every part
+of the house and garden at Twickenham) than in the glowing and tender
+lines of De Lille, in his poem of _Les Jardins_.
+
+The vignette in my title-page, and that at page 84, are two of those
+neat decorations which so profusely embellish the Encyclopædia of
+Gardening.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+A.
+
+   Abercrombie, 153
+
+   Addison, xxviii., xxxii., 49, 115
+     ---- reflections on the tombs, 117
+
+   Age of gardeners and horticulturists, 81
+
+   Alison, Dr. xxxviii., 71, 120, 211
+
+   Anderson, 69, 175
+
+   Ardenne, J. P. de, his charity, xiv.
+
+   Arabian literature, 2
+
+   Argyle, xxviii.
+
+   Argenville, xiii.
+
+   Arnauld d'Andelli, xiii.
+
+   Arnolde's Chronicle, 5
+
+   Astrology, 34
+
+   Austen, Ralph, 18
+
+   Austin, Fr., 19
+
+
+   B.
+
+   Bacon, Lord, on flowers that perfume the air, xxx., xxxv., 55
+     ---- eulogies on him, 88
+     ---- on Gorhambury, 88
+
+   Banks, Sir Jos., 4, 181, 187
+
+   Barrington, Daines, 156, 177
+
+   Bates, an aged horticulturist, 82
+
+   Bauhine, 44
+
+   Beale, Dr. John, vi., 16, 17, 20, 21, 54
+     ---- his attachment to his native country, 23
+
+   Belosses, Sir H. 202
+
+   Bees, on, by an Italian, 85
+
+   Bernazzano, his skill in painting fruit, 56
+
+   Bertholan, xviii.
+
+   Bertrand, Fr., his _Ruris Deliciæ_, xiv.
+
+   Blake, 19
+
+   Blythe, Walter, 8, 88
+
+   Bobart, 108
+
+   Boileau, tributes to, xxiii. 56
+
+   Bonfeil, 19
+
+   Bornefond, x.
+
+   Bos, the eminent painter, 56
+
+   Bossuet, xxv.
+
+   Boswell, 178
+
+   Boyceau, ix.
+
+   Bowles, Rev. Mr. his kind apostrophe to Lord Byron, 130
+
+   Boyle, his character, by Boerhaave, 21
+
+   Bradley, reprints the _Herefordshire Orchards_, 54
+     ---- on the planting of wild flowers, 54
+
+   Braddick, 211
+
+   Bridgman, 129, 132, 135
+
+   Brocoli, 51
+
+   Brocq, P. le, 82
+
+   Brome, W. 22
+
+   Browne, Sir Thomas, 94
+
+   Browne, Launcelot, 154
+
+   Bryant, 79
+
+   Brydges, Sir E. 89, 93
+     ---- on Pope, 131
+
+   Bucknall, 84
+
+   Bulleyn, Dr. 84
+
+   Burleigh, xxvii.
+
+   Bury, Mr. Barclay's, 170
+
+   Byron, Lord, xxxi. 40, 121
+     ---- on Pope, 129
+
+
+   C.
+
+   Capell, xxvii.
+
+   Censura Litt. 6, 12, 15, 16
+
+   Chabanon, xiv.
+
+   Chambers, Sir W. 185
+
+   Champier, viii.
+
+   Charlemagne, xviii.
+
+   Charles II. 96
+
+   Chatham, Lord, xxix., 74
+
+   Chesterfield, xxix.
+     ---- on Pope, 125
+
+   Chesnut tree at Tortworth, 57, 209
+
+   Cicero on agriculture, xxxvi.
+     ---- on his country seat, 3
+
+   Clive, 164
+
+   Cobbet, on the health of gardens, xxxiv.
+     ---- on Moor Park, 112
+
+   Collins, 59
+
+   Collinson, xxviii.
+
+   Compton, Bishop, xxviii., 39
+
+   Cook, Captain, xiv., 171, 183
+
+   Cooke, Moses, 31
+
+   Corregio, his poverty, 17, 202
+
+   Cottage gardens, 171
+
+   Cotton, Charles, 102
+
+   Country life, its pleasures, 48, 49, 63
+
+   Coventry, Rev. F. 63, 135
+
+   Cowell, 62
+
+   Cowley, 46, 93, 100
+
+   Cousin, viii.
+
+   Cowslips, 54, 205
+
+   Cradock, Jos. 179
+
+   Curtis, W. 184
+
+
+   D.
+
+   Dallaway, 94, 135, 173, 176
+
+   Danby, xxviii.
+
+   Daniel, H. 5
+
+   Darwin, 162, 164
+
+   Davy, Sir H. 30, 106
+
+   Death, 47, 58
+
+   Deepden, Mr. Hope's, 170
+
+   De Lille, xiv., xvii., 50, 183, 213
+
+   Descartes, his delight in his garden, xxxv.
+
+   Devonshire, Duke of, xxviii.
+
+   Dicks, 65
+
+   Dickson, 186
+
+   Dibdin, Dr. 17, 89.
+
+   Dodsley, Robert, his attachment to Pope, 125
+     ---- his generous tribute to Shenstone, 148
+
+   Downton Vale, 188
+
+   Drake, Dr. 114, 115, 128
+
+   Drope, 31
+
+   Du Fresnoy, xii.
+
+   Duncan, 81
+
+   Duncan, Dr. A. 190
+
+
+   E.
+
+   Elizabeth, the lion hearted, 103
+
+   Ellis, of _Gaddesden_, on blossoms and fruit, 64
+
+   Epicurus, xxxii.
+
+   Essex, his execution, 103
+     ---- his character, xxvii.
+
+   Etienne, an early French writer, viii.
+
+   Evelyn, John, xxxii., 41, 59, 97
+     ---- Charles, 59
+     ---- John, 59
+
+
+   F.
+
+   Falconer, 183
+
+   Fairchild, 60
+
+   Fleetwood, 114
+
+   Fontaine, xviii.
+
+   Flowers, 25, 27, 54, 90, 95, 205
+
+   Forsyth, 186
+
+   Foxley, 191
+
+   France, its horticultural writers, see preface
+
+   Francis I., xix.
+
+   Franklin, rancorously attacked by Wedderburn, and panegyrised by
+     Lord Chatham, 73, 74
+
+   Fresnoy, xii.
+
+   Fruit blossoms, 41, 53, 64, 121
+
+   Fulmer, 79
+
+
+   G.
+
+   Gainsborough, Earl of, xxix.
+
+   Gardeners, the age of many, 81
+
+   Gardens, their pleasures, see preface, and 24, 27, 28, 30, 39, 47,
+     63, 64, 89, 110, 121, 153
+     ---- those of antiquity, 1
+     ---- those of the Saxons, Danes and Normans, xxxv., xxxvi.
+     ---- near Spitalfields, 36
+     ---- of France, see preface
+     ---- of cottagers, 171
+
+   Gardiner, J. 109
+
+   Garrick, 137, 158, 172, 178, 181
+
+   Garrle, Capt. 35
+
+   Garton, 65
+
+   Gerarde, xxx., 15, 87, 123
+
+   Gerard's Bromley, its once noble mansion, 23, 107
+
+   Gerard, Lady, an acquaintance of Pope's, 25
+
+   Gibson, J. 33
+
+   Gibson, Dr. 67, 210
+     ---- on the richness of a fruit garden, 64
+
+   Gilbert, 107
+
+   Gilpin, Rev. W., vii. 159, 173
+
+   Girardin entombed Rousseau in his garden, xv.
+     ---- his eloquent effusion to prevent misery, 78
+     ---- on the calm of evening, xv.
+
+   Goldsmith, 199
+
+   Gooche, Barn., 12, 48
+
+   Gouges de Cessieres, xiv.
+
+   Graves, Dr., his tribute to Shenstone, 149
+
+   Gray, 80, 129, 158, 159
+
+   Greeks, 107, 194
+
+   Grindall, xxviii.
+
+   Grossetete, Bishop, 201
+
+
+   H.
+
+   Halifax, xxviii.
+
+   Hanbury, Rev. W., 143
+
+   Hartlib, the friend of Milton, 19
+     ---- on orchards, 21
+
+   Harward, 17
+
+   Hawkins, Sir J. 8, 102, 103
+
+   Haworth, Mr. on Miller, 141
+
+   Heath, Mr. of Monmouth, 171
+
+   Heeley, 79
+
+   Henry IV. patronised Olivier de Serres and Mollet, xiv.
+
+   Hereford, its orchards and villages, 23
+
+   Hill, Sir John, 141
+
+   Hitt, 65, 138
+
+   Hogarth, 56
+
+   Hollar, his portraits of the Tradescants, 92
+
+   Homer, xxx., 1, 2, 47, 187
+
+   Housewife, an amiable and pleasant one, 212
+
+   Hudson, Lord, xxvii.
+
+   Hyll, 85
+
+
+   I
+
+   Iliffe, 23
+
+
+   J.
+
+   James, 45
+
+   Jones, of Nayland, 61
+
+   Johnson, the editor of Gerarde, 18
+     ---- his testimony to Parkinson, 18
+
+   Jonson, Ben, his eulogy on Lord Bacon, 86
+
+   Johnson, Dr. 48, 70, 114, 116, 154, 178, 179
+     ---- on portraits, vii.
+     ---- on Charles II., 96
+     ---- on Sir T. Browne, 95, 96
+     ---- on Shenstone, 147
+
+   Johnson's Eng. Gardening, xxxv., xxxvi., xxxvii., 83, 84, 85, 88,
+     91, 100, 102, 109, 115, 154,
+   177, 183, 201
+     ---- on Sir W. Temple, 113
+     ---- on Switzer, 209
+
+   Justice, 63, 13
+
+
+   K.
+
+   Kames, 69, 151
+
+   Kennedy, 78
+
+   Kent, 132
+
+   Knowlton, 52, 61
+
+   Knight, R. P. xxvi., 187
+     ---- on the celebration of high mass, 195
+     ---- on listening to professors, 196
+
+   Kyle, 79
+
+
+   L.
+
+   Lamoignon, xxii.
+
+   Langford, 33
+
+   Langley, 142
+
+   Latapie, xvi.
+
+   Lawrence, Ant. 33
+
+   Lawrence, Rev. J. 120
+
+   Lawson, 17, 202, 212
+
+   Leibault, viii.
+
+   Le Maitre, xiii.
+
+   Lestiboudois, his tranquil end, 83
+
+   Lesay de Marnesia, xviii.
+
+   Liger, Louis, x., 42
+
+   Ligne, Prince de, on gardens, xxxiv., 55
+     ---- on De Lille, xiv.
+     ---- on Antoinette, xxxiv.
+     ---- interview with Voltaire, xxxiv.
+     ---- on Milton, 132
+     ---- on Walpole, 177
+
+   Linant, xiii.
+
+   Linnæus, 139, 167, 171, 192
+
+   Locke, 113
+
+   London and Wise, 35
+
+   Louis, xiv., xx.
+
+   Loudon's Encycl. of Gardening, xi., xii., xviii., xix., xx., xxxvi.,
+     4, 54, 80, 81, 95, 99, 109, 116, 121, 128, 136, 150, 152, 153, 155,
+     157, 170, 184, 194
+     ---- on Whateley, 72
+     ---- on Bacon, 87
+     ---- on Miller, 138
+     ---- on L. Browne, 156
+
+
+   M.
+
+   Maddock, 83
+
+   Maison rustique, viii., 89
+
+   Malherbes, xvi.
+
+   Malthus, D. xv., 78
+
+   Mapes, Walter, the honest chaplain to Henry II. and an admired poet, 170
+
+   Markham, Ger. viii., 88, 211, 213
+
+   Marshall, 79, 117, 150, 157
+
+   Marie Antoinette, xxxiv., 189
+
+   Mary, Queen of Scots, vii., 102
+
+   Martyn, Professor, 185
+     ---- his character of Miller, 138
+
+   Mascall, 84
+
+   Mason, Geo. xxix., 70, 156, 198
+     ---- on Kent, 134
+     ---- on Shenstone, 150
+
+   Mason, Rev. W. xv., xxxii., 111, 157
+     ---- on Pope, 128, 130, 131
+     ---- on Shenstone, 150
+
+   Masson de Blamont, xviii.
+
+   Mathias on Boileau, xxiv.
+     ---- on Pope, 127
+     ---- on Mason, 164
+
+   Mavor, Rev. Mr. 34
+     ---- his admirable edition of Tusser, 6
+
+   Meader, 17
+
+   Meager, Leonard, 34
+
+   Mignon, his skill in painting flowers, 55
+
+   Miller, Phillip, 138
+
+   Milton, 20, 21, 49, 94, 130, 132, 197
+     ---- his great poem now magnificently printing in letters of gold, 133
+
+   Mollet, Andre, ix.
+
+   Mollet, Claude, ix.
+
+   Morell, xiv.
+
+   Morin, the florist, xi.
+
+   Mountmorris, on Sir W. Temple, 111
+
+   Morris, Rev. I. G., his powerful appeal on horticultural pursuits, 122
+
+   Morris, onornamental scenery, 77
+
+   Mountain, Didymus, 12
+
+
+   N.
+
+   Nicol, Walter, 82
+
+   Nichols, John, 54, 60, 110, 121, 143, 174, 178
+     ----his friendship for Mr. Cradock, 180
+
+   Nôtre, le, tributes to him, xi., xii., xx.
+
+   Nourse, 58
+
+
+   O.
+
+   Ockenden, 65
+
+   Only, Rev. Mr., a lover of gardens, 54
+
+   Opium, 168
+
+   Orchards, 21, 23, 64, 202, 203
+
+   Orrery, Lord, xxvi., 126
+
+
+   P.
+
+   Parkinson, 89, 90
+     ----testimony to his works, 18
+
+   Pastoral Scenes, 30
+
+   Paulmier de Grenlemesnil, viii.
+
+   Percy, Bishop of Dromore, 72
+
+   Pennant, 154
+
+   Petrarch, xxxi.
+     ----his handsome person, vi.
+     ----on his garden, xxxv.
+
+   Plants betray fondness for their native earth, 45
+
+   Planting, on zeal for, 66, 69
+
+   Platt, Sir Hugh, 13
+
+   Plattes, Gabriel, 16
+
+   Plimley, 165
+
+   Pontchateau, his singular history, xiii.
+
+   Pope, xxix., xxxiii., 1, 2, 76, 114, 123, 179, 213
+
+   Pope mentions Lady Gerard, 25
+     ----his noble thought on planting, 68
+
+   Powel, 65
+
+   Preston, its horticult. society, 123
+
+   Price, Sir U. vii., xxvi., 56, 72, 77, 134, 155, 156, 177, 191
+     ----on De Lille, xv.
+     ----his high opinion of Mason, 163
+     ----on the sculpture, poetry, and eloquence of the Greeks, 194
+     ----on Correggio, 202
+
+   Priestley, Dr. on Franklin and Wedderburn, 73
+
+   Primroses, 30, 50, 54, 55
+
+   Pulteney, Dr. 5, 52, 55, 56, 60, 85, 87, 90, 92, 138, 143, 182
+
+
+   Q.
+
+   Quarterly Review, 41, 59, 97, 103, 183
+     ----on Evelyn's _Sylva_, 99
+
+   Quintinye, xi., xx., xxvii., 34, 68
+     ----anecdote of, 67
+     ----attempt to recover his MSS. 68
+
+
+   R.
+
+   Raleigh, xxvii., xxxi., 36, 87
+
+   Rabutin de Bussy, xxii. xxv.
+
+   Rapin, tribute to, xiii.
+     ----on Lamoignon, xxii., xxv.
+
+   Ray, xxix., 71, 88, 94, 109, 139
+
+   Raynal, 128
+
+   Rea, John, his dedication to Lord Gerard, and verses on Lady Gerard, 23
+
+   Read, 33
+
+   Rench, an aged gardener, 82
+
+   Repton, 186, 188
+
+   Reynolds, Sir J. 127, 158
+
+   Richardson, 84
+
+   Rickets, 61
+
+   Riviere, la Countess de, xiii., xiv., xxv.
+
+   Robin, Jean, xix.
+
+   Robinson, Dr. on Mary Queen of Scots, 104
+
+   Roscommon, 48
+
+   Rose, 101
+
+   Rosier, xviii.
+
+   Rousseau, his burial at Ermenonville, xv.
+
+   Russell, Lord W. his love of gardens, xxvii.
+
+   Rutter, 65.
+
+
+   S.
+
+   Salmonia, extracts, from, 30, 107
+
+   Scarborough, xxix.
+
+   Schabol, xvi.
+
+   Scott, Sir W. v., 40, 41, 172
+     ---- on the deaths of _Marat_, and _Robespierre_, xvi.
+     ---- on the garden of _Vanessa_, xxx.
+
+   Scotland, its zeal for planting, 69
+
+   Serres, Olivier de, viii.
+
+   Sevigné, Mad. de, xii., xiv., xx., xxv.
+
+   Seward, Miss, vi., 162, 172
+
+   Sismondi, xix., 3, 107
+     ---- on bees, 86
+
+   Shakspeare, xi., xxxi, 4, 73, 74, 78, 158, 178, 179, 197, 198, 199, 213
+
+   Sharrock, 23
+
+   Shenstone, 147
+
+   Shepherd, Sir Samuel, 41
+
+   Sherard, xxviii.
+
+   Spectacle de la Nature, 95
+
+   Speechley, 81
+
+   Smollet on Chatham, xxix.
+
+   Spring, its beauties, 21, 29, 30, 31, 209
+
+   St. Bartholomew's massacre, viii.
+
+   Stafford, 62, 210
+
+   Sterne, xxvi., 170
+
+   Stillingfleet, Benj. 8, 191
+
+   Stevenson, D. 45
+
+   Stevenson, H. 45
+
+   Stevenson, M. 45
+
+   Sully, ix., 66
+
+   Sun, the, its celestial beams, 48
+
+   Swinden, 78
+
+   Switzer, xxvii., xxxiii., 45, 94, 100, 109, 110, 138, 209
+     ---- his grateful remembrance of his old master, 36, 39, 102
+     ---- his enlarged views of gardening, 49
+     ---- on Rose, 102
+     ---- on Milton, 133
+
+
+   T.
+
+   Taverner, 53
+
+   Taylor, 65
+
+   Temperance, 169, 170
+
+   Temple, Sir W. xxxii., 110
+     ---- on the garden of Epicurus, xxxii.
+
+   Thury, M. le Vic. de, his tribute to Milton, 132
+     ---- on gardens, xxxv. xxxvi.
+
+   Tradescants, 92
+
+   Trowel, 63
+
+   Trees, ancient ones, 33, 46, 49, 50, 57, 142, 151
+
+   Tusser, 6, 13, 34
+
+
+   V.
+
+   Vaniere, tribute to, xiii.
+
+   Van-Huysum, his skill in painting fruit, 56, 156
+
+   Villages, rural, 23, 199
+
+   Vineyard at Bethnal-green, 14
+
+   Violets, xxxi., 30, 50, 55, 205
+
+   Vispré, 157
+
+   Voltaire, xi., xiii., xx., xxxiv., 80
+     ---- his garden interview with the Prince de Ligne, xxxvi.
+
+
+   W.
+
+   Wakefield horticultural soc., 122
+
+   Walpole, Horace, xxix., 1, 80, 91, 163, 176
+     ---- on Sir W. Temple, 112
+     ---- on Kent, 132
+     ---- on Bridgman, 136
+
+   Walpole, Horace, on Browne, 154
+     ---- on Gilpin, 173
+
+   Walton, Isaac, xi., 30, 93, 94, 102, 104
+
+   Warton, Thomas, 6, 8, 10, 72, 143, 161
+
+   Watelet, xvii.
+
+   Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, his zeal for planting, 70
+
+   Watson, Sir W. 93, 142
+
+   Weymouth, Lord, xxviii.
+
+   Weston, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 57, 92
+     ---- his zeal for planting, 66
+
+   Whately, xvi., xviii., 50, 72
+     ---- brief testimonies to his genius, vii., 72, 74, 75, 195
+     ---- on spring, 31
+     ---- his tribute to Shenstone, 150
+
+   Wildman, 65
+
+   Whitmill, 62
+
+   William III. his delight in gardening, xxvii.
+
+   Worlidge, his attachment to gardens, 28
+     ---- on those of France, xxvii.
+     ---- mentions a garden at Hoxton, 61
+
+   Wotton, Sir H. 93
+
+   Wynn, Sir W. W. his zeal for planting, 69
+
+
+   X, Y.
+
+   Xenophon, 198
+
+   Young, Dr. on Pope's death, 131
+
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+    *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[1] Few persons have shewn more attachment to family portraits than Miss
+Seward. This is strongly exemplified in several bequests in her will;
+not only in her bequest to Emma Sneyd, and in that to Mrs. Powys, but
+also in the following:--"The miniature picture of my late dear friend,
+Mr. Saville, drawn in 1770, by the late celebrated artist Smart, and
+which at the time it was taken, and during many successive years, was an
+exact resemblance of the original, I bequeath to his daughter, Mrs.
+Smith, who I know will value and preserve it as a jewel above all prize;
+and in case of her previous demise, I bequeath the said precious
+miniature to her daughter, Mrs. Honora Jager, exhorting the said Honora
+Jager, and her heirs, into whose hands soever it may fall, to guard it
+with sacred care from the sun and from damp, as I have guarded it, that
+so the posterity of my valued friend may know what, in his prime, was
+the form of him whose mind through life, by the acknowledgment of all
+who knew him, and could discern the superior powers of talent and
+virtue, was the seat of liberal endowment, warm piety, and energetic
+benevolence."
+
+Being thus on the subject of portraits, let me remark, that it is not
+always that we meet with a faithful likeness. A review of Mad. de
+Genlis's _Petrarch et Laure_, justly observes, that "it is doubtful if
+any of the portraits of _Petrarch_, which still remain, were painted
+during his life-time. However that may be, it is impossible to trace in
+them, either the elevation of his mind, the fire of his imagination, or
+the pensive melancholy of his soul." In the Essays on Petrarch, by Ugo
+Foscolo, he informs us, that "_Petrarch's_ person, if we trust his
+biographers, was so striking with beauties, as to attract universal
+admiration. They represent him with large and manly features, eyes full
+of fire, a blooming complexion, and a countenance that bespoke all the
+genius and fancy that shone forth in his works." Do we yet know one
+really good likeness of _Mary Queen of Scots_?
+
+[2] It has often struck me (perhaps erroneously), that the attachment
+which the great Sully evinced for gardens, even to the last period of
+his long-protracted life, (eighty-two), _might_ in some degree have been
+cherished or increased from the writings of the great Lord Bacon. When
+this illustrious duke retired to his country seats, wounded to the heart
+by the baseness of those who had flattered him when Henry was alive, his
+noble and honest mind indulged in the embellishment of his gardens. I
+will very briefly quote what history relates:--"The life he led in his
+retreat at _Villebon_, was accompanied with grandeur and even majesty,
+such as might be expected from a character so grave and full of dignity
+as his. His table was served with taste and magnificence; he admitted to
+it none but the nobility in his neighbourhood, some of the principal
+gentlemen, and the ladies and maids of honour, who belonged to the
+duchess of Sully. He often went into his gardens, and passing through a
+little covered alley, which separated the flower from the kitchen
+garden, ascended by a stone staircase (which the present duke of Sully
+has caused to be destroyed), into a large walk of linden trees, upon a
+terrace on the other side of the garden. It was then the taste to have a
+great many narrow walks, very closely shaded with four or five rows of
+trees, or palisadoes. Here he used to sit upon a settee painted green,
+amused himself by beholding on the one side an agreeable landscape, and
+on the other a second alley on a terrace extremely beautiful, which
+surrounded a large piece of water, and terminated by a wood of lofty
+trees. There was scarce one of his estates, those especially which had
+castles on them, where he did not leave marks of his magnificence, to
+which he was chiefly incited by a principle of charity, and regard to
+the public good. At _Rosny_, he raised that fine terrace, which runs
+along the Seine, to a prodigious extent, and those great gardens, filled
+with groves, arbours, and grottos, with water-works. He embellished
+_Sully_ with gardens, of which the plants were the finest in the world,
+and with a canal, supplied with fresh water by the little river Sangle,
+which he turned that way, and which is afterwards lost in the Loire. He
+erected a machine to convey the water to all the basons and fountains,
+of which the gardens are full. He enlarged the castle of _La Chapelle
+d'Angillon_, and embellished it with gardens and terraces."
+
+These gardens somewhat remind one of these lines, quoted by Barnaby
+Gooche:
+
+   _Have fountaines sweet at hand, or mossie waters,
+   Or pleasaunt brooke, that passing through the meads, is sweetly seene._
+
+That fine gardens delighted Sully, is evident even from his own
+statement of his visit to the Duke d'Aumale's, at Anet, near Ivry,
+(where Henry and Sully fought in that famous battle), for he says,--"Joy
+animated the countenance of Madame d'Aumale the moment she perceived me.
+She gave me a most kind and friendly reception, took me by the hand, and
+led me through those fine galleries and beautiful gardens, which make
+Anet a most enchanting place." One may justly apply to Sully, what he
+himself applies to the Bishop of Evreaux: "A man for whom eloquence and
+great sentiments had powerful charms."
+
+I had designed some few years ago, to have published a Review of some of
+the superb Gardens in France, during the reign of Henry IV. and during
+the succeeding reigns, till the demise of Louis XV., embellished with
+plates of some of the costly and magnificent decorations of those times;
+with extracts from such of their eminent writers whose letters or works
+may have occasionally dwelt on gardens.--My motto, for want of a better,
+might have been these two lines from Rapin,
+
+   _----France, in all her rural pomp appears
+   With numerous gardens stored._
+
+Perhaps I might have been so greedy and insolent, as to have presumed to
+have monopolized our Shakspeare's line,--"I love _France_ so well, that
+I will not part with a village of it; I will have it all mine."
+
+Isaac Walton gives the following lines from a translation of a German
+poet, which makes one equally fond of England:
+
+   We saw so many woods, and princely bowers,
+   Sweet fields, brave palaces, and stately towers,
+   _So many gardens dress'd with curious care_,
+   That Thames with royal Tiber may compare.
+
+
+
+[3] The Encyclopædia of Gardening has a rich page (35) devoted to Le
+Nôtre. The Nouveau Dict. Hist. thus records his genius and his grand and
+magnificent efforts:--"Ce grand homme fut choisi pour décorer les
+jardins du château de Vau-le-Vicomte. Il en fit un sejour enchanteur,
+par les ornamens nouveaux, pleins de magnificence, qu'il y prodigua. On
+vit alors, pour la premiere fois, des portiques, des berceaux, des
+grottes, des traillages, des labyrinths, &c. embellir varier le
+spectacle des jardins. Le Roi, témoin des ces merveilles, lui donna la
+direction de tous ses parcs. Il embellit par son art, Versailles,
+Trianon, et il fit à St. Germain cette fameuse terrasse qu'on voit
+toujours avec une nouvelle admiration. Les jardins de Clagny, de
+Chantilly, de St. Cloud, de Meudon, de Sceaux, le parterre du Tibre, et
+les canaux qui ornent ce lieu champêtre a Fontainbleau, sont encore son
+ouvrage. Il demanda à faire voyage de l'Italie, dans l'espérance
+d'acquérir de nouvelles connoissances; mais son géniè créateur l'avoit
+conduit à la perfection. Il ne vit rien de comparable a ce qu'il avoit
+fait en France."
+
+Notwithstanding the above just and high tribute, I have no hesitation in
+saying, that it is not superior to the magic picture which the
+fascinating pen of Mad. de Sevigné has drawn of le Nôtre's creative
+genius, in her letter of Aug. 7, 1675. Many others of this charming
+woman's letters breathe her love of gardens.
+
+[4] The Nouveau Dict. Hist. thus speaks of the Pere Rapin:--"A un génie
+heureux, à un goût sur, il joignoit une probité exacte, un coeur droit,
+un caractere aimable et des moeurs douces. Il étoit naturellement
+honnête, et il s'étoit encore poli dans le commerce des grands. Parmi
+ses différentes Poësies Latinés, on distingue le Poëme des Jardins.
+C'est son chef d'oeuvre; il est digne du siecle d'Auguste, dit l'Abbé
+Des Fontaines, pour l'élegance et la pureté du langage, pour l'esprit et
+les graces qui y regnent." Among the letters of Rabutin de Bussy, are
+many most interesting ones from this worthy father.
+
+[5] "Rien n'est plus admirable que la peinture naîve que la Pere Vaniere
+fait des amusemens champêtres; on est également enchanté de la richesse
+et de la vivacité de son imagination, de l'éclat et de l'harmonie de sa
+poësie, du choix de la pureté de ses expressions. Il mourut a Toulouse
+en 1739, et plusiers poëtes ornerent de fleurs son tombeau."--Nouv.
+Dict. Hist.
+
+[6] La Comtesse de la Riviere, thus alludes to this convent: "Madame de
+Sevigné a pour ce monastere une vénération qui est audelà de toute
+expression; elle assure qu'on n'approche pas de ce lieu sans sentir au
+dedans de soi une onction divine."
+
+[7] The late Sir U. Price, pays a very high compliment to this exquisite
+poem, in p. 31, vol. i. of his Essays, terming it full of the justest
+taste, and most brilliant imagery.
+
+[8] In the Earl of Harcourt's garden, at Nuneham, in Oxfordshire, (laid
+out in some parts under the eye and fine taste of the poet Mason), on a
+bust of Rousseau are these lines:
+
+   Say, is thy honest heart to virtue warm?
+     Can genius animate thy feeling breast?
+   Approach, behold this venerable form;
+     'Tis Rousseau! let thy bosom speak the rest.
+
+There are attractive pages in this little volume of the Viscount's,
+which would have interested either Shenstone, or Gainsborough,
+particularly the pages 59, 143, 145, and 146, (of Mr. Malthus's
+translation), for in these pages "we feel all the truth and energy of
+nature." A short extract from p. 131, will enable the reader to judge of
+the writer's style:--"When the cool evening sheds her soft and
+delightful tints, and leads on the hours of pleasure and repose, then is
+the universal reign of sublime harmony. It is at this happy moment that
+Claude has caught the tender colouring, the enchanting calm, which
+equally attaches the heart and the eyes; it is then that the fancy
+wanders with tranquillity over distant scenes. Masses of trees through
+which the light penetrates, and under whose foliage winds a pleasant
+path; meadows, whose mild verdure is still softened by the transparent
+shades of the evening; crystal waters which reflect all the near objects
+in their pure surface; mellow tints, and distances of blue vapour; such
+are in general the objects best suited to a western exposure. The sun,
+before he leaves the horizon, seems to blend earth and sky, and it is
+from sky that evening views receive their greatest beauty. The
+imagination dwells with delight upon the exquisite variety of soft and
+pleasing colours, which embellishes the clouds and the distant country,
+in this peaceful hour of enjoyment and contemplation."
+
+[9] He was enthusiastically devoted to the cultivation of his gardens,
+which exhibited enchanting scenery, umbrageous walks, and magnificent
+water-falls. When thus breathing the pure air of rural life, the
+blood-stained monsters of 1793 seized him in his garden, and led him to
+the scaffold. "He heard unmoved his own sentence, but the condemnation
+of his daughter and grand-daughter, tore his heart: the thought of
+seeing two weak and helpless creatures perish, shook his fortitude.
+Being taken back to the _Conciergerie_, his courage returned, and he
+exhorted his children to prepare for death. When the fatal bell rung, he
+recovered all his wonted cheerfulness; having paid to nature the tribute
+of feeling, he desired to give his children an example of magnanimity;
+his looks exhibited the sublime serenity of virtue, and taught them to
+view death undismayed. When he ascended the cart, he conversed with his
+children, unaffected by the clamours of the ferocious populace; and on
+arriving at the foot of the scaffold, took a last and solemn farewell of
+his children; immediately after he was dismissed into eternity."
+
+Sir Walter Scott, after noticing "the wild and squalid features" of
+Marat, who "lay concealed in some obscure garret or cellar, among his
+cut-throats, until a storm appeared, when, like a bird of ill omen, his
+death-screech was again heard," thus states the death of another of the
+murderers of the Malherbes:--"Robespierre, in an unsuccessful attempt to
+shoot himself, had only inflicted a horrible _fracture on his
+under-jaw_. In this situation they were found like wolves in their lair,
+foul with blood, mutilated, despairing, and yet not able to die.
+Robespierre lay on a table in an anti-room, his head supported by a deal
+box, and his hideous countenance half-hidden by a bloody and dirty cloth
+bound round his shattered chin. As the fatal cars passed to the
+guillotine, those who filled them, but especially Robespierre, were
+overwhelmed with execrations. The nature of his previous wound, from
+which the cloth had never been removed till the executioner _tore_ it
+off, added to the torture of the sufferer. The shattered jaw dropped,
+and the wretch yelled aloud, to the horror of the spectators. A mask
+taken from that dreadful head was long exhibited in different nations of
+Europe, and appalled the spectator by its ugliness, and the mixture of
+fiendish expression with that of bodily agony."
+
+Mons. Malherbes loved to relate an answer made to him by a common
+fellow, during his stay at Paris, when he was obliged to go four times
+every day to the prison of the Temple, to attend the king: his extreme
+age did not allow him to walk, and he was compelled to take a carriage.
+One day, particularly, when the weather was intensely severe, he
+perceived, on coming out of the vehicle, that the driver was benumbed
+with cold. "My friend," said Malherbes to him, in his naturally tender
+manner, "you must be penetrated by the cold, and I am really sorry to
+take you abroad in this bitter season."--"That's nothing, M. de
+Malherbes; in such a cause as this, I'd travel to the world's end
+without complaining."--"Yes, but your poor horses could not."--"Sir,"
+replied the honest coachman, "_my horses think as I do_."
+
+[10] I cannot pass by the name of Henry, without the recollection of
+what an historian says of him: "L'Abbé Langlet du Fresnoy a publié
+cinquante-neuf lettres de a bon Roi, dans sa nouvelle edition du Journal
+de Henry III. on y remarque du feu de l'esprit, de l'imagination, et
+sur-tout cette éloquence du coeur, qui plait tout dans un monarque.--On
+l'exortoit à traiter avec rigueur quelques places de la Ligue, qu'il
+avoit rédites par la force: _La satisfaction qu'on tire de la vengeance
+ne dure qu'un moment_ (répondit ce prince généreuse) _mais celle qu'on
+tire de la clemence est eternelle_. Plus on connoitre Henri, plus on
+l'aimera, plus on l'admiriroet."
+
+[11] The king, knowing his fine taste for sculpture and painting, sent
+him to Italy, and the Nouv. Dict. Hist. gives this anecdote: "La Pape
+instruit de son mérite, voulut le voir, et lui donna une assez longue
+audience, sur la fin de laquelle le Nôtre s'écria en s'adressant au
+Pape: J'ai vu les plus grands hommes du monde, Votre Sainteté, et le Roi
+mon maître. Il y a grande différence, dit le Pape; le Roi est un grand
+prince victorieux, je suis un pauvre prêtre serviteur des serviteurs de
+Dieu. Le Nôtre, charmé de cette réponse, oublia qui la lui faisoit, et
+frappant sur l'épaule du Pape lui répondit à son tour: Mon Révérend
+Pere, vous vous portez bien et vous enterrerez tout la Sacré College. Le
+Pape, qui entendoit le François, rit du pronostic. Le Nôtre, charmé de
+plus en plus de sa bonté, et de l'estime particuliere qu'il témoignoit
+pour le Roi, se jeta au cou du Pape et l'embrassa. C'étoit au reste sa
+coutume d'embrasser tous ceux qui publioient les louanges de Louis XIV.,
+et il embrassoit le Roi lui-même, toutes les fois que ce prince revenoit
+de la campagne."
+
+[12] I will conclude by mentioning a justly celebrated man, who, it
+seems was not over fond of his garden, though warmly attached both to
+Boileau, and to Mad. de Sevigné,--I mean that most eloquent preacher
+Bossuet, of whom a biographer, after stating that he was so absorbed in
+the study of the ancient fathers of the church, "qu'il ne se permettoit
+que des délassemens fort courts. Il ne se promênoit que rarement même
+dans son jardin. Son jardinier lui dit un jour: _Si je plantois des
+Saint Augustins, et des Saint Chrysostomes, vous les viendriez voir;
+mais pour vos arbres, vous ne vous en souciez guere_."
+
+[13] Mr. Worlidge, who wrote during part of the reigns of Charles II.
+and James II. judiciously observes, that "the glory of the French
+palaces, often represented to our English eyes in sculpture, are adorned
+_with their beauteous gardens before them_; which wanting, they would
+seem without lustre or grandeur."
+
+[14] He was fined £30,000 for having taken a favourite of the king's, in
+the very presence chamber, by the nose, for having insulted him, and
+afterwards dragging him out of the room.
+
+[15] It was to this nobleman, that Addison addressed his elegant and
+sublime epistle, after he had surveyed with the eyes and genius of a
+classical poet, the monuments and heroic deeds of ancient Rome.
+
+[16] Lord Chesterfield thus speaks of this distinguished man:--"His
+private life was stained by no vices, nor sullied by any meanness. His
+eloquence was of every kind; but his invectives were terrible, and
+uttered with such energy of diction and countenance, that he intimidated
+those who were the most willing and the best able to encounter him." Sir
+W. Chatham Trelawney used to observe of him, that it was impossible for
+the members of the side opposed to him in the House of Commons to look
+him in the face when he was warmed in debate: he seemed to bid them all
+a haughty defiance. "For my own part," said Trelawney, "I never dared
+cast my eyes towards his, for if I did, _they nailed me to the floor_."
+
+Smollet says, that he displayed "such irresistible energy of argument,
+and such power of elocution, as struck his hearers with astonishment and
+admiration. It flashed like the lightning of heaven against the
+ministers and sons of corruption, blasting where it smote, and withering
+the nerves of opposition; but his more substantial praise was founded
+upon his disinterested integrity, his incorruptible heart, his
+unconquerable spirit of independance, and his invariable attachment to
+the interest and liberty of his country." Another biographer thus
+mentions him:--"His elevated aspect commanded the awe and mute attention
+of all who beheld him, whilst a certain grace in his manner, conscious
+of all the dignities of his situation, of the solemn scene he acted in,
+as well as his own exalted character, seemed to acknowledge and repay
+the respect he received; his venerable form, bowed with infirmity and
+age, but animated by a mind which nothing could subdue; his spirit
+shining through him, arming his eye with lightning, and cloathing his
+lips with thunder; or, if milder topics offered, harmonizing his
+countenance in smiles, and his voice in softness, for the compass of his
+powers was infinite. As no idea was too vast, no imagination too
+sublime, for the grandeur and majesty of his manner; so no fancy was too
+playful, nor any allusion too comic, for the ease and gaiety with which
+he could accommodate to the occasion. But the character of his oratory
+was dignity; this presided in every respect, even to his sallies of
+pleasantry."
+
+[17] Sir Walter Scott's attachment to gardens, breaks out even in his
+Life of Swift, where his fond enquiries have discovered the sequestered
+and romantic garden of _Vanessa_, at Marley Abbey.
+
+[18] So thought Sir W. Raleigh;
+
+   Sweet violets, love's paradise, that spread
+     Your gracious odours ...
+   Upon the gentle wing of some calm-breathing wind,
+       That plays amidst the plain.
+
+The lines in Twelfth Night we all recollect:
+
+   That strain again;--it had a dying fall:
+   O, it came o'er my ear like the sweet south
+   That breathes upon a bank of _violets_,
+   Stealing and giving odour.
+
+That these flowers were the most favourite ones of Shakspeare, there can
+be little doubt--Perditta fondly calls them
+
+   ----sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes
+   Or Cytherea's breath.
+
+When Petrarch first saw Laura: "elle avail une robe verte, sa coleur
+favorite, parsemée de _violettes_, la plus humble des fleurs."--Childe
+Harold thus paints this flower:
+
+   The sweetness of the violet's deep blue eyes
+   (Kiss'd by the breath of heaven) seems colour'd by its skies.
+
+
+
+[19] One almost fancies one perceives Lord Bacon's attachment to
+gardens, or to rural affairs, even in the speech he made before the
+nobility, when first taking his seat in the High Court of Chancery; he
+hoped "that these same _brambles_ that _grow_ about justice, of needless
+charge and expence, and all manner of exactions, might be rooted out;"
+adding also, that immediate and "_fresh_ justice was the _sweetest_."
+Mr. Mason, in a note to his English Garden, after paying a high
+compliment to Lord Bacon's picturesque idea of a garden, thus concludes
+that note:--"Such, when he descended to matters of more elegance (for,
+when we speak of Lord Bacon, to treat of these was to descend,) were the
+amazing powers of this universal genius."
+
+[20] Mr. Pope's delight in gardens, is visible even in the condensed
+allusion he makes to them, in a letter to Mr. Digby; "I have been above
+a month strolling about in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, from garden
+to garden, but still returning to Lord Cobham's, with fresh
+satisfaction. I should be sorry to see my Lady Scudamore's, till it has
+had the full advantage of Lord Bathurst's improvements."
+
+[21] A biographer thus speaks of the Prince de Ligne: "Quand les rois se
+reunirent a Vienne en 1814, ils se firent tous un devoir de l'accuellier
+avec distinction, et furent enchanté de la vivacité de son esprit, et de
+son intarissable gaieté, qui malgré ses infirmités et son grand âge, ne
+l'avoit pasencore abandonné. Ses saillies, et ses bon mots etoiént comme
+autrefois répétés pour tous." His generous heart thus speaks of the
+abused and unfortunate Marie Antoinette:--"The breath of calumny has not
+even respected the memory of the loveliest and best of women, of whose
+spotless heart and irreproachable conduct, no one can bear stronger
+evidence than I. Her soul was as pure as her face was fair; yet neither
+virtue nor beauty could save the victim of sanguinary liberty." In
+relating this (says his biographer), his voice faultered, and his eyes
+were suffused with tears. He thus briefly states, with his usual humour
+and vivacity, his conversation with Voltaire as to the garden at Ferney:
+
+_P. de L._--Monsieur, Monsieur, cela doit vous coupé beaucoup, quel
+charmant jardin!
+
+_Volt._--Oh! mon jardinier est un bête: c'est moi meme qui ait fait
+tout.
+
+_P. de L._--Je le croi.
+
+[22] Monsieur Thomas, in his eulogy of Descartes says, it should have
+been pronounced at the foot of Newton's statue: or rather, Newton
+himself should have been his panegyrist. Of this eulogy, Voltaire, in a
+most handsome letter to Mons. Thomas, thus speaks:--"votre ouvrage
+m'enchante d'un bout a l'autre, et Je vais le relire dès que J'aurai
+dicté ma lettre." The sleep and expanding of flowers are most
+interestingly reviewed by Mr. Loudon in p. 187 of his Encyclop., and by
+M. V. H. de Thury, in the above discourse, a few pages preceding his
+seducing description of the magnificent garden of M. de Boursault.
+
+So late ago as the year 1804 it was proposed at Avignon, to erect an
+obelisk in memory of Petrarch, at Vaucluse: "il a été décidé, qu'on
+l'élevera, vis-avis _l'ancien jardin_ de Petrache, lieu oû le lit de
+sorgue forme un angle."
+
+[23] This garden (as Mr. Walpole observes) was planted by the poet,
+enriched by him with the fairy gift of eternal summer.
+
+[24] Mr. Pope thus mentions the vines round this cave:--
+
+   Depending vines the shelving cavern skreen,
+   With purple clusters blushing through the green.
+
+
+
+[25] Nearly eight pages of Mr. Loudon's Encyclop. are devoted to a very
+interesting research on the gardens of the Romans. Sir Joseph Banks has
+a paper on the Forcing Houses of the Romans, with a list of Fruits
+cultivated by them, now in our gardens, in vol. 1 of the _Hort. Trans._
+
+[26] Dr. Pulteney gives a list of several manuscripts in the Bodleian
+Library, the writers of which are unknown, and the dates not precisely
+determined, but supposed to have been written, if not prior to the
+invention of printing, at least before the introduction of that art into
+England. I select the two following.--
+
+No. 2543. De Arboribus, Aromatis, et _Floribus_.
+
+No. 2562. Glossarium Latino-anglicum Arborum, _Fructuum_, Frugam, &c.
+
+And he states the following from Bib. S. Petri Cant:--
+
+No. 1695. Notabilia de Vegetabilibus, et Plantis.
+
+Dr. Pulteney observes, that the above list might have been considerably
+extended, but that it would have unnecessarily swelled the article he
+was then writing.
+
+The Nouv. Dict. Hist. mentions a personage whose attachment to his
+garden, and one of whose motives for cultivating that garden, does not
+deserve a notice:--"Attale III. Roi de Pergame, fils de Stratonice,
+soùlla la thrône en répandant le sang de ses amis et de sea parens. Il
+abandonna ensuite le soìn de ses affaires _pour s'occuper entirement de
+son jardin_. Il y cultivoit des poisons, tels que l'aconit et la ciguë,
+qu'il envoyoit quelque fois en présent a ses amis. Il mourut 133 ans
+avant Jesus Christ."
+
+[27] To have completed the various contrasting vicissitudes of this poor
+_Suffolk_ farmer's life, he should have added to his other employments,
+those of another _Suffolk_ man, the late W. Lomax, who had been
+_grave-digger_ at the pleasant town of Bury St. Edmund's, for thirty-six
+years, and who, also, for a longer period than thirty-six years, had
+been a _morrice-dancer_ at all the elections for that borough.
+
+[28] Gerarde, speaking of good sorts of apples and pears, thus mentions
+the above named _Pointer_:--"Master Richard Pointer has them all growing
+in his ground at Twickenham, near London, who is a most cunning and
+curious grafter and planter of all manner of rare fruits; and also in
+the ground of an excellent grafter and painful planter, Master Henry
+Bunbury, of Touthil-street, near unto Westminster; and likewise in the
+ground of a diligent and most affectionate lover of plants, Master
+Warner, neere Horsely Down, by London; and in divers other grounds about
+London."
+
+[29] The fate of this poor man reminds one of what is related of
+Corregio:--"He received from the mean canons of Parma, for his
+Assumption of the Virgin, the small pittance of two hundred livres, and
+it was paid him in copper. He hastened with the money to his starving
+family; but as he had six or eight miles to travel from Parma, the
+weight of his burden, and the heat of the climate, added to the
+oppression of his breaking heart, a pleurisy attacked him, which, in
+three days, terminated his existence and his sorrows in his fortieth
+year."
+
+If one could discover a portrait of either of the authors mentioned in
+the foregoing list, one might, I think, inscribe under each of such
+portraits, these verses:
+
+   Ce pourtrait et maint liure
+   Par le peintre et l'escrit,
+   Feront reuoir et viure
+   Ta face et ton esprit.
+
+They are inscribed under an ancient portrait, done in 1555, which Mr.
+Dibdin has preserved in his account of Caen, and which he thus
+introduces: "As we love to be made acquainted with the _persons_ of
+those from whom we have received instruction and pleasure, so take,
+gentle reader, a representation of Bourgueville."
+
+[30] "Mr. John Parkinson, an apothecary of this city, (yet living, and
+labouring for the common good,) in the year 1629, set forth a work by
+the name of _Paradisus Terrestris_, wherein he gives the figures of all
+such plants as are preserved in gardens, for the beauty of their
+flowers, in use in meats or sauces; and also an orchard for all trees
+bearing fruit, and such shrubs as for their beauty are kept in orchards
+and gardens, with the ordering, planting, and preserving of all these.
+In this work he hath not superficially handled these things, but
+accurately descended to the very varieties in each species, wherefore I
+have now and then referred my reader, addicted to these delights, to
+this work, especially in flowers and fruits, wherein I was loth to spend
+too much time, especially seeing I could adde nothing to what he had
+done upon that subject before."
+
+[31] "Mr. Hartlib (says Worlidge) tells you of the benefits of _orchard
+fruits_, that they afford curious walks for pleasure, food for cattle in
+the spring, summer, and winter, (meaning under their shadow,) fewel for
+the fire, shade for the heat, physick for the sick, refreshment for the
+sound, plenty of food for man, and that not of the worst, and drink also
+of the best."
+
+Milton also in the above Tractate thus speaks:--"In those vernal seasons
+of the year, when the air is calm and pleasant, it were an injury and
+sullenness against nature, not to go out and see her riches, and partake
+in her rejoicing with heaven and earth."
+
+[32] In the above tract of Dr. Beale's, he thus breaks out in praise of
+the Orchards of this _deep and rich_ county:--"From the greatest person
+to the poorest cottager, all habitations are encompassed with orchards,
+and gardens, and in most places our hedges are enriched with rows of
+fruit trees, pears or apples. All our villages, and generally all our
+highways, (all our vales being thick set with rows of villages), are in
+the spring time sweetened and beautified with the blossomed trees, which
+continue their changeable varieties of ornament, till (in the end of
+autumn), they fill our garners with pleasant fruit, and our cellars with
+rich and winy liquors. Orchards, being the pride of our county, do not
+only sweeten, but also purify the ambient air, which I conceive to
+conduce very much to the constant health and long lives for which our
+county hath always been famous. We do commonly devise a shadowy walk
+from our gardens, through our orchards (which is the richest, sweetest,
+and most embellished grove) into our coppice woods, or timber woods."
+Dr. Beale does not praise the whole of their land. He describes some as
+"starvy, chapt, and cheany, as the basest land upon the Welch
+mountains." He makes amends, however, for this, for he describes the
+nags bred on their high grounds, as very different from our present
+hackney-coach horses; they "are airey and sinewy, full of spirits and
+vigour, in shape like the _barbe_, they rid ground, and gather courage
+and delight in their own speed."
+
+[33] A Lady Gerard is mentioned in two letters of Mr. Pope, to W.
+Fortescue, Esq. They have no date to them. They appear in Polwhele's
+History of Devonshire. "I have just received a note from Mrs. Blount,
+that she and Lady Gerard will dine here to-day." And "Lady Gerard was to
+see Chiswick Gardens (as I imagined) and therefore forced to go from
+hence by five; it was a mortification to Mrs. Blount to go, when there
+was a hope of seeing you and Mr. Fortescue." There are three more
+letters, without date, to Martha Blount, written from the Wells at
+Bristol, and from Stowe, in which Pope says, "I have no more room but to
+give Lady Gerard my hearty services." And "once more my services to Lady
+Gerard." "I desire you will write a post-letter to my man John, at what
+time you would have the pine apples, to send to Lady Gerard." Probably
+Martha Blount's Lady Gerard was a descendant of Rea's.
+
+[34] A most curious account of the _Tulipomania_, or rage for tulips,
+formerly in Holland, may be seen in Phillips's Flora Historica.
+
+[35] Perhaps no one more truly painted rich pastoral scenes than Isaac
+Walton. This occurs in many, many pages of his delightful _Angler_. The
+late ardently gifted, and most justly lamented Sir Humphry Davy too, in
+his _Salmonia_, has fondly caught the charms of Walton's pages. His pen
+riots in the wild, the beautiful, the sweet, delicious scenery of
+nature:--"how delightful in the early spring, to wander forth by some
+clear stream, to see the leaf bursting from the purple bud, to scent the
+odours of the bank, perfumed by the violet, and enamelled as it were
+with the primrose, and the daisy; to wander upon the fresh turf below
+the shade of trees, whose bright blossoms are filled with the music of
+the bee." Mr. Worlidge, in his Systema Agriculturæ, says, that the
+delights in angling "rouzes up the ingenious early in the spring
+mornings, that they have the benefit of the sweet and pleasant morning
+air, which many through sluggishness enjoy not; so that health (the
+greatest treasure that mortals enjoy) and pleasure, go hand in hand in
+this exercise. What can be more said of it, than that the most
+ingenious, most use it." Mr. Whately, in his usual charming style, thus
+paints the spring:--"Whatever tends to animate the scene, accords with
+the season, which is full of youth and vigour, fresh and sprightly,
+brightened by the verdure of the herbage, and the woods, gay with
+blossoms, and flowers, and enlivened by the songs of the birds in all
+their variety, from the rude joy of the skylark, to the delicacy of the
+nightingale."
+
+[36] Tusser seems somewhat of Meager's opinion:--
+
+   Sow peason and beans, in the wane of the moon,
+   Who soweth them sooner, he soweth too soon;
+   That they with the planet may rest and arise,
+   And flourish, with bearing most plentifull wise.
+
+The celebrated Quintinye says, "I solemnly declare, that after a
+diligent observation of the moon's changes for thirty years together,
+and an enquiry whether they had any influence in gardening, the
+affirmative of which has been so long established among us, I perceive
+it was no weightier than old wives' tales."
+
+The moon (says Mr. Mavor) having an influence on the tides and the
+weather, she was formerly supposed to extend her power over all nature.
+
+There is a treatise, by _Claude Gadrois_, on the _Influences des
+Astres_. Surely this merits perusal, when the Nouv. Dict. Hist. thus
+speaks of him:--"Il étoit ami du célebre Arnauld et méritoit de l'etre
+par _la justesse de son esprit_ et la puretè de ses moeurs, par la bonté
+de son caractere et par la droiture de son coeur."
+
+The following wise experiment occurs in an ancient book on husbandry;
+but if the two parties there mentioned had lived with Leonard Meager,
+one must not do him the injustice of supposing he would have been a
+convert to their opinion:--"_Archibius_ is said to have written (or sent
+word most likely) to _Antiochus_, king of _Syria_, that if you bury a
+speckled toad inclosed in an earthen pot, in the middle of your garden,
+the same will be defended from all hurtful weather and tempests."
+Meager, however, is kept in countenance by Mr. Worlidge, who, in his
+chapter of Prognostics, at the end of his interesting Systemæ
+Agriculturæ, actually states that
+
+If dog's guts rumble and make a noise, it presageth rain or snow.
+
+The cat, by washing her face, and putting her foot over her ear,
+foreshews rain.
+
+The squeaking and skipping up and down of mice and rats, portend rain.
+
+Leonard Meager thus notices a nurseryman of his day:--"Here follows a
+catalogue of divers sorts of fruits, which I had of my very loving
+friend, Captain Garrle, dwelling at the great nursery between
+Spittlefields and Whitechapel; a very eminent and ingenious nurseryman."
+Perhaps this is the same nurseryman that Rea, in his _Pomona_, mentions.
+He says (after naming some excellent pear-trees) "they may be had out of
+the nurseries about London, especially those of Mr. Daniel Stepping, and
+Mr. Leonard _Girle_, who will faithfully furnish such as desire these,
+or any other kinds of rare fruit-trees, of whose fidelity in the
+delivery of right kinds, I have had long experience in divers
+particulars, a virtue not common to men of that profession." At this
+period, the space between Spittlefields and Whitechapel, must have
+consisted of gardens, and perhaps superb country houses. The Earl of
+Devonshire had a fine house and garden near Petticoat-lane. Sir W.
+Raleigh had one near Mile-end. Some one (I forget the author) says, "On
+both sides of this lane (Petticoat-lane) were anciently hedges and rows
+of elm trees, and the pleasantness of the neighbouring fields induced
+several gentlemen to build their houses here; among whom was the Spanish
+Ambassador, whom Strype supposes was Gondamour." Gondamour was the
+person to please whom (or rather that James might the more easily marry
+his son Charles to one of the daughters of Spain, with her immense
+fortune) this weak monarch was urged to sacrifice the life of Raleigh.
+
+Within one's own memory, it is painful to reflect, on the many pleasant
+fields, neat paddocks, rural walks, and gardens, (breathing pure air)
+that surrounded this metropolis for miles, and miles, and which are now
+ill exchanged for an immense number of new streets, many of them the
+receptacles only of smoke and unhealthiness.
+
+[37] These lines are from him, at whose death (says Sir W. Scott in his
+generous and glowing eulogy) we were stunned "by one of those
+death-notes which are peeled at intervals, as from an archangel's
+trumpet"--they are from "that mighty genius which walked amongst men as
+something superior to ordinary mortality, and whose powers were beheld
+with wonder, and something approaching to terror, as if we knew not
+whether they were of good or evil"--they are from "that noble tree which
+will never more bear fruit, or blossom! which has been cut down in its
+strength, and the past is all that remains to us of Byron: whose
+excellences will _now_ be universally acknowledged, and his faults (let
+us hope and believe) not remembered in his epitaph." His "deep
+transported mind" (to apply Milton's words to him) thus continues his
+moralization:--
+
+   What are the hopes of man? old Egypt's king
+     CHEOPS, erected the first pyramid,
+   And largest; thinking it was just the thing
+     To keep his memory whole, and mummy hid;
+
+
+
+   But somebody or other rummaging,
+     Burglariously broke his coffin's lid:
+   Let not a monument give you, or me, hopes,
+   Since not a pinch of dust remains of CHEOPS.
+
+The Quarterly Review, in reviewing Light's Travels, observes, that
+"Cheops employed three hundred and sixty thousand of his subjects for
+twenty years in raising this pyramid, or pile of stones, equal in weight
+to six millions of tons; and to render his precious dust more secure,
+the narrow chamber was made accessible only by small intricate passages,
+obstructed by stones of an enormous weight, and so carefully closed,
+externally, as not to be perceptible. Yet how vain are all the
+precautions of man! Not a bone was left of Cheops, either in the stone
+coffin, or in the vault, when Shaw entered the gloomy chamber." Sir
+Walter Scott himself, has justly received many eulogies. Perhaps none
+more heart-felt, than the effusion delivered at a late Celtic meeting,
+by that eloquent and honest lawyer, the present Lord Chief Justice of
+the Court of Exchequer, in Scotland, which was received by long, loud,
+and continued applause.
+
+[38] John Bauhine wrote a Treatise in 1591, De Plantis à Divis sanctisve
+nomen habentibus.
+
+Their Preface to the above Vol. ii. has this observation: "Plants, when
+taken from the places whence they derive their extraction, and planted
+in others of different qualities, _betray such fondness for their native
+earth_, that with great difficulty they are brought to thrive in
+another; and in this it is that the florist's art consists; for _to
+humour each plant_ with the soil, the sun, the shade, the degrees of
+dryness or moisture, and the neighbourhood it delights in, (for there is
+a natural antipathy between some plants, insomuch that they will not
+thrive near one another) are things not easily attainable, but by a
+length of study and application."
+
+[39] What these ruffles and lashes were, I know not. Perhaps the words
+of Johnson may apply to them:--
+
+   Fate never wounds more deep the generous heart,
+   Than when a blockhead's insult points the dart.
+   This mournful truth is every where confess'd,
+   Slow rises worth, by poverty oppress'd.
+
+
+
+[40] Barnaby Gooche, in his Chapter on Gardens, calls the sun "the
+captaine and authour of the other lights, _the very soule of the
+world_."
+
+[41] A translation of De Lille's garden thus pleads:--
+
+   Oh! by those shades, beneath whose evening bowers
+   The village dancers tripp'd the frolic hours;
+   By those deep tufts that show'd your fathers' tombs,
+   Spare, ye profane, their venerable glooms!
+   To violate their sacred age, beware,
+   Which e'en the awe-struck hand of time doth spare.
+
+
+
+[42] Mr. Whateley observes, that "The whole range of nature is open to
+him, (the landscape gardener) from the parterre to the forest; and
+whatever is agreeable to the senses, or the imagination, he may
+appropriate to the spot he is to improve; it is a part of his business
+to collect into one place, the delights which are generally dispersed
+through different species of country."
+
+[43] At page 24 he says, "_Cato_, one of the most celebrated writers on
+Husbandry and Gardening among the Romans, (who, as appears by his
+Introduction, took the model of his precepts from the _Greeks_) in his
+excellent Treatise _De Re Rustica_, has given so great an encomium on
+the excellence and uses of this good plant, (the Brocoli) not only as to
+its goodness in eating, but also in physick and pharmacy, that makes it
+esteemed one of the best plants either the field or garden produces."
+
+[44] His Chapter on the Water-Works of the Ancient Romans, French, &c.
+is charmingly written. Those who delight in the formation of rivers,
+fountains, falls of water, or cascades, as decorations to their gardens,
+may inspect this ingenious man's Hydrostatics. And another specimen of
+his genius may be seen in the magnificent iron gateway now remaining at
+_Leeswood_, near Mold, and of which a print is given in Pugh's _Cambria
+Depicta_.
+
+[45] In this volume is a letter written to Switzer, from his "ingenious
+friend Mr. Thomas Knowlton, Gardener to the Earl of Burlington, who, on
+account of his own industry, and the opportunity he has had of being
+educated under the late learned Dr. Sherrard, claims a very advanced
+place in the list of Botanists." This letter is dated Lansborough, July,
+1728. I insert part of this letter:--"I hope, Sir, you will excuse the
+freedom I take in giving you my opinion, having always had a respect for
+your endeavours in Husbandry and Gardening, ever since you commenced an
+author. Your introduction to, and manner of handling those beloved
+subjects, (the sale of which I have endeavoured to promote) is in great
+esteem with me; being (as I think) the most useful of any that have been
+wrote on these useful subjects. If on any subject, you shall hereafter
+revise or write farther upon, any communication of mine will be useful
+or serviceable to you, I shall be very ready to do it. I heartily wish
+you success in whatever you undertake, as it tends to a publick good."
+Dr. Pulteney says of Knowlton, "His zeal for English Botany was
+uncommonly great, and recommended him successfully to the learned
+Botanists of this country. From Sir Hans Sloane, he received eminent
+civilities."
+
+[46] few short notices occur of names formerly eminent in
+gardening:--"My late ingenious and laborious friend, Mr. _Oram_,
+Nurseryman, of Brompton-lane."
+
+"That great virtuoso and encourager of gardening, Mr. Secretary Johnson,
+at Twickenham."
+
+"Their beautiful aspects in pots, (the nonpareil) and the middle of a
+desert, has been the glory of one of the most generous encouragers of
+gardening this age has produced, I mean the Right Honourable the Lord
+Castlemain."
+
+"The late noble and most publick spirited encourager of arts and
+sciences, especially gardening, his Grace the Duke of Montague, at
+Ditton."
+
+"The Elrouge Nectarine is also a native of our own, the name being the
+reverse of _Gourle_, a famous Nurseryman at Hogsden, in King Charles the
+Second's time, by whom it was raised."
+
+And speaking of the successful cultivation of vines in the open air, he
+refers to the garden of a Mr. _Rigaud_, near _Swallow-street_; and to
+another great cultivator of the vine, "of whose friendship I have proof,
+the Rev. Mr. _Only_, of _Cottesmore_, in Rutland, some time since
+deceased; one of the most curious lovers of gardening that this or any
+other age has produced." This gentleman, in 1765, published "An Account
+of the care taken in most civilized nations for the relief of the poor,
+more particularly in the time of scarcity and distress;" 4to. 1s. Davis.
+I believe the same gentleman also published, in 1765, a Treatise "Of the
+Price of Wheat."
+
+[47] Lord Bacon says, "Because the breath of flowers is far sweeter in
+the air (where it comes and goes, like the warbling of musick) than in
+the hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that delight, than to know
+what be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air." The Prince
+de Ligne says,
+
+   Je ne veux point avoir l'orgueilleuse tulipe;
+   _L'odorat en jardin_ est mon premier principe.
+
+The translation of _Spectacle de la Nature_, a very pleasing work,
+observes that "Flowers are not only intended to beautify the earth with
+their shining colours, but the greatest part of them, in order to render
+the entertainment more exquisite, diffuse a fragrance that perfumes all
+the air around us; and it should seem as if they were solicitous to
+_reserve their odours for the evening and morn_, when walking is most
+agreeable; but their sweets are very faint during the heat of the day,
+when we visit them the least."
+
+I must again trespass on the pages of the great Bacon, by briefly
+shewing the _natural wildness_ he wishes to introduce into one part of
+his garden:--"thickets, made only of sweet-briar and honeysuckle, and
+some wild vine amongst, and the ground set with violets, strawberries,
+and primroses; for these are sweet, and prosper in the shade."
+
+The dew or pearly drops that one sees in a morning on cowslips, remind
+one of what is said of Mignon:--"Ses ouvrages sont précieux par l'art
+avec le quel il représentoit les fleurs dans tout leur éclat, et les
+fruits avec toute leur fraicheur. La rosée et les goutes d'eau qu'elle
+répand sur les fleurs, sont si bien imitées dans ses tableaux, qu'on est
+tenté d'y porter la main." It is said also that in the works of
+Van-Huysum, "le velouté des fruits, l'éclat des fleurs, le transparent
+de la rosée, tout enchante dans les tableaux de ce peintre admirable."
+Sir U. Price observes of this latter painter, "that nature herself is
+hardly more soft and delicate in her most delicate productions, than the
+copies of them by Van-Huysum." Two flower pieces by this painter, sold
+at the Houghton sale for 1200_l._
+
+In the pieces of _Bos_, a Flemish painter, the dew was represented so
+much like nature, as to deserve universal approbation.
+
+Bernazzano painted strawberries on a wall so naturally, that, we are
+told, the plaster was torn down by the frequent pecking of peacocks.
+
+Amidst these celebrated painters, these admiring judges of nature, let
+us not forget our never-dying Hogarth; his piercing eye even discovers
+itself in his letter to Mr. Ellis, the naturalist:--"As for your pretty
+little seed cups, or vases, they are a sweet confirmation of the
+pleasure nature seems to take in superadding an elegance of form to most
+of her works, wherever you find them. How poor and bungling are all the
+inventions of art!"
+
+[48] The very numerous works of this indefatigable writer, embracing so
+many subjects, make one think he must have been as careful of his time,
+as the celebrated friend of the witty _Boileau_: the humane, benevolent,
+and dignified Chancellor _Aguesseau_, who finding that his wife always
+kept him waiting an hour after the dinner bell had rung, resolved to
+devote this time to writing a work on Jurisprudence. He put this project
+in execution, and in the course of time, produced a quarto work in four
+thick volumes.
+
+[49] This chesnut tree is thus noticed in a newspaper of August,
+1829:--"The celebrated chesnut tree, the property of Lord Ducie, at
+Tortworth, in the county of Gloucester, is the oldest, if not the
+largest tree in England, having this year attained the age of 1002
+years, and being 52 feet in circumference, and yet retains so much
+vigour, that it bore nuts so lately as two years ago, from which young
+trees are now being raised."
+
+[50] There is an 8vo. published in 1717, called the "Lady's Recreation,"
+by _Charles_ Evelyn, Esq. There are two letters subjoined, written to
+this author by the Rev. Mr. Lawrence. From page 103, 105, 129 and 141,
+one should think this was not the son of the famous Mr. Evelyn. I now
+find, that Mr. Lawrence, in the Preface to his Kalendar, inserted at the
+end of his fifth edition, assures the public, "that the book called the
+Lady's Recreation could not be published by my approbation, because it
+was never seen by me till it was in print; besides, I have reason to
+think it was an artifice of the booksellers to impose upon the world,
+under the borrowed name of Evelyn."
+
+[51] This sermon was preached for several years by Dr. Colin Milne, by
+whom it was published in 1799, and afterwards by the Rev. Mr. Ellis, of
+Merchant Taylors' School. Mr. Ellis, in his History of Shoreditch, gives
+us much information as to this bequest; in which the handsome conduct of
+Mr. Denne, a former vicar, is not the least interesting. Mr. Nichols, in
+vol. iii. of his Literary Anecdotes, bears testimony to Dr. Denne's
+feeling towards the poor and distressed, and to his attachment to
+literary pursuits. Three of these Sermons are in the second volume of
+"Thirty Sermons on Moral and Religious Subjects, by the Rev. W. Jones;"
+2 vols. 8vo. 1790, price 16s. There are other editions of Mr. Jones's
+Sermons, viz. Rev. W. Jones, of Nayland, his Theological, Philosophical,
+and Miscellaneous Works, with Life, 12 vols. 8vo. _neat_, 7_l._ 7_s._
+6_d._ 1801. Sermons by the late Rev. William Jones, of Nayland, Suffolk:
+Chaplain to the Right Rev. George Horne, Bishop of Norwich; 1 vol. 8vo.
+with Portrait of the Author, price 12_s._ Dove, St. John's Square,
+Printer, 1828. "Of this faithful servant of God, (the Rev. W. Jones) I
+can speak both from personal knowledge and from his writings. He was a
+man of quick penetration, of extensive learning, and the soundest piety;
+and he had, beyond any other man I ever knew, the talent of writing upon
+the deepest subjects to the plainest understandings."--_Bishop Horsley's
+Charges._ The Rev. Samuel Ayscough, of the British Museum, began, in
+1790, to preach this annual sermon, and, I believe, continued it for
+fourteen years.
+
+[52] Mr. Ellis, of _Little Gaddesden_, in his Practical Farmer, 8vo.
+1732, thus speaks on this subject:--"What a charming sight is a large
+tree in blossom, and after that, when loaden with fruit, enough perhaps
+to make a hogshead of cyder or perry! A scene of beauty, hopes, and
+profit, and all! It may be on less than two feet diameter of ground. And
+above all, what matter of contemplation does it afford, when we let our
+thoughts descend to a single kernel of an apple or pear? And again, how
+heightened, on the beholding so great a bulk raised and preserved, by
+Omnipotent Power, from so small a body."
+
+[53] The thought of planting the sides of public roads, was first
+suggested by the great _Sully_.
+
+[54] Mr. Weston, in his introduction to these Tracts, seems to have
+pleasure in recording the following anecdote of La Quintinye, from
+Harte's Essay. "The famous La Quintinie, director of the royal gardens
+in France, obtained from Louis XIV. an abbacy for his son, in one of the
+remote provinces; and going soon afterwards to make the abbot a visit,
+(who was not then settled in his apartments) he was entertained and
+lodged by a neighbouring gentleman with great friendliness and
+hospitality. La Quintinie, as was natural, soon examined the gardens of
+his host; he found the situation beautiful, and the soil excellent; but
+every thing was rude, savage, and neglected: nature had done much, art
+nothing. The guest, delighted with his friendly reception, took leave
+with regret, and some months after, sent one of the king's gardeners,
+and four under-gardeners, to the gentleman, with strict command to
+accept of no gratuity. They took possession of his little inclosure the
+moment they arrived, and having digged it many times over, they manured,
+replanted it, and left one of their number behind them, as a settled
+servant in the family. This young man was soon solicited to assist the
+neighbourhood, and filled their kitchen gardens and fruit gardens with
+the _best_ productions of every kind, which are preserved and propagated
+to this very hour."
+
+It is pleasing to enquire who Mons. de la Quintinye was. _Perrault_, in
+his _Hommes Illustres_, has given his Life, and Portrait. Dr. Gibson, in
+his Fruit Gardener, calls him "truly an original author;" and further
+pays him high compliments.
+
+The Noveau Dict. Hist. thus speaks of him:--"Il vint à Paris se faire
+recevoir avocat. Une éloquence naturelle, cultivée avec soìn, le fit
+briller dans le Barreau, et lui consilà l'estime des premiers
+magistrais. Quoi qu'il eut peu de temps dont il pût disposer, il en
+trouvoit néanmoins suffisament pour satisfaire la passion qu'il avoit
+pour l'agriculture. Il augmenta ses connoissances sur le jardinage, dans
+un voyage qu'il fit en Italie. De retour à Paris, il se livra tout
+entier à l'agriculture, et fit un grand nombre d'experiences curieuses
+et utiles. Le grand Prince de _Conde_, qui aimoit l'agriculture, prenoit
+une extréme plaisir à s'entretenir avec lui; et Charles II. Roi
+d'Angleterre lui offrit une pension considérable pour l'attacher à la
+culture de ses Jardins, mais il refusa ses offres avantageuses par
+l'amour qu'il avoit pour sa patrie, et trouva en France les recompenses
+due à son mérite. On a de lui un excellent livre, intitulé 'Instructions
+pour les Jardins Fruitiers et Potagers, Paris, 1725, 2 tom. 4to.' _et
+plusieurs Lettres sur la meme matiere_." Switzer, in his History of
+Gardening, says, that in Mons. de la Quintinye's "Two Voyages into
+England, he gained considerable friendship with several lords with whom
+he kept correspondence by letters till his death, and these letters,
+says Perrault, are all _printed at London_." And he afterwards says,
+speaking of Lord Capel's garden at Kew, "the greatest advance made by
+him herein, was the bringing over several sorts of fruits from France;
+and this noble lord we may suppose to be one that held for many years a
+correspondence with Mons. de la Quintinye." Such letters on such
+correspondence if ever printed, must be worth perusal.
+
+[55] Lamoignon de Malherbes (that excellent man) had naturalized a vast
+number of foreign trees, and at the age of eighty-four, saw every where,
+in France, (as Duleuze observes) plants of his own introduction.
+
+The old Earl of _Tweedale_, in the reign of Charles II. and his
+immediate successor, planted more than six thousand acres, in Scotland,
+with fir trees. In a Tour through Scotland, in 1753, it mentions, that
+"The county of Aberdeen is noted for its timber, having in it upwards of
+five millions of fir trees, besides vast numbers of other kinds, planted
+within these seventy years, by the gentry at and about their seats."
+
+Mr. Marshall, in his "Planting and Rural Ornament," states, that "In
+1792, his Grace the Duke of Athol (we speak from the highest authority)
+was possessed of a thousand larch trees, then growing on his estates of
+Dunkeld and Blair only, of not less than two to four tons of timber
+each; and had, at that time, a million larches, of different sizes,
+rising rapidly on his estate."
+
+The zeal for planting in Scotland, of late years, has been stimulated by
+the writings of James Anderson, and Lord Kames.
+
+It is pleasing to transcribe the following paragraph from a newspaper of
+the year 1819:--"Sir Watkin Williams Wynn has planted, within the last
+five years, on the mountainous lands in the vicinity of Llangollen,
+situated from 1200 to 1400 feet above the level of the sea, 80,000 oaks,
+63,000 Spanish chesnuts, 102,000 spruce firs, 110,000 Scotch firs,
+90,000 larches, 30,000 wych elms, 35,000 mountain elms, 80,000 ash, and
+40,000 sycamores, all of which are, at this time, in a healthy and
+thriving condition." It is impossible, on this subject, to avoid paying
+a grateful respect to the memory of that bright ornament of our church,
+and literature, the late Dr. Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, whose extensive
+plantations, near Ambleside, have long since enriched that part. The
+late Richard Crawshay (surpassed by no being during the whole course of
+his very long life, for either integrity or generosity) assured the
+present writer, that during an early period of Dr. Watson's planting, he
+offered him, on the security of his note of hand only, and to be repaid
+at his own entire convenience, ten thousand pounds, and that he (with
+grateful thanks to Mr. Crawshay) refused it.
+
+[56] How widely different has the liberal and classic mind of Dr. Alison
+viewed the rich pages of Mr. Whateley, in his deep and learned Essays on
+Taste, first published nearly twenty years after Mr. Whateley's decease.
+One regrets that there is no Portrait of Mr. Whateley. Of Dr. Alison,
+there is a masterly one by Sir Henry Raeburn, admirably engraved by W.
+Walker, of Edinburgh, in 1823. Perhaps it is one of the finest Portraits
+of the present day. One is happy to perceive marks of health expressed
+in his intellectually striking countenance.
+
+[57] In Biographical Anecdotes, 3 vols. 8vo. appears a correspondence in
+London, with Dr. Franklin, and William Whateley, and Joseph Whateley, in
+1774. This relates to a duel with Mr. Temple, by a brother of Thomas
+Whateley. In some of the Lives of Dr. Franklin, it appears, that
+inflammatory and ill-judged letters were written by George Hutchinson,
+and others, to _Thomas_ Whateley, Esq. _private Secretary to Lord
+Grenville_, respecting some disturbances in America, concerning Lord
+Grenville's Stamp Act. On the death of Thomas, these letters were placed
+in the hands of Dr. Franklin, whose duty, as agent to the colony, caused
+him to transmit them to Boston. A quarrel arose between William Whateley
+and Mr. Temple, as to which of them gave up those letters, and a duel
+was fought. Dr. Franklin immediately cleared both those gentlemen from
+all imputation. Of the celebrated interview in the council chamber,
+between Mr. Wedderburn and Dr. Franklin, an account is given by Dr.
+Priestley, in vol. xv. page 1. of the Monthly Magazine, and which candid
+account entirely acquits Dr. Franklin from having deserved the rancorous
+political acrimony of Mr. Wedderburn, whose intemperate language is
+fully related in some of the Lives of Dr. Franklin, and in his Life,
+published and sold by G. Nicholson, _Stourport_, 12mo. price 9d. and
+which also includes Dr. Priestley's account.
+
+Lord Chatham spoke of Franklin in the highest strain of panegyric, when
+adverting, in the year 1777, to his dissuasive arguments against the
+American war.
+
+William Whateley was administrator of the goods and chattels of his
+brother Thomas, who, of course, died without a will.
+
+In vol. ii. of Seward's Biog. Lit. and Political Tracts, the nineteenth
+chapter consists of his account of two _Political_ Tracts, by Thomas
+Whateley, Esq. and he thus concludes this chapter:--"Mr. Whateley also
+wrote a tract on laying out pleasure grounds." In vol. iii. is an
+account of the quarrel and duel with Mr. Temple and one of the brothers.
+It appears that Thomas Whateley died in June, 1772, and left two
+brothers, William and Joseph. Thomas is called "Mr. Secretary Whately."
+
+Debrett published "Scarce Tracts," in 4 vols. 8vo. In vol. i. is one
+called "The Budget," by D. Hartley, Esq. This same volume contains a
+reply to this, viz. "Remarks on the Budget, by Thomas Whateley, Esq.
+Secretary to the Treasury." There is also in vol. ii. another tract by
+Thomas Whateley, Esq. entitled "Considerations on the Trade and Finances
+of the Kingdom." These two pamphlets, upon subjects so very different
+from the alluring one on landscape gardening, and his unfinished one on
+Shakspeare, convinces us, what a powerful writer he would have been, had
+his life been longer spared.
+
+[58] The reader will be amply gratified by perusing page 158 of the late
+Sir U. Price's well known Letter to Mr. Repton, as well as Mr. Morris's
+Observations on Water, as regards Ornamental Scenery; inserted in the
+Gardener's Magazine for May, 1827. Mr. Whateley's distinction between a
+river, a rivulet, and a rill, form, perhaps, five of the most seductive
+pages of his book. Our own Shakspeare's imagery on this subject, should
+not be overlooked:--
+
+   The current that with gentle murmur glides,
+   Thou know'st, being stopp'd, impatiently doth rage;
+   But when his fair course is not hindered,
+   He makes sweet music with the enamelled stones,
+   Giving a gentle kiss to every sedge
+   He overtaketh in his pilgrimage:
+   And so by many winding nooks he strays
+   With willing sport to the wild ocean.
+
+
+
+[59] The benevolent mind of the marquis shines even in his concluding
+chapter; for he there wishes "to bring us back to a true taste for
+beautiful nature--to more humane and salutary regulations of the
+country--to produce the _moral_ landscapes which delight the mind. His
+view of the good mother, seeing her children playing round her at their
+cottage, near the common, thus "endearing her home, and making even the
+air she breathed more delightful to her, make these sort of commons, to
+me, the most delightful of _English gardens_. The dwellings of the happy
+and peaceful husbandmen would soon rise up in the midst of compact
+farms. Can there exist a more delightful habitation for man, than a neat
+farm-house in the centre of a pleasing landscape? There avoiding disease
+and lassitude, useless expence, the waste of land in large and dismal
+parks, and above all, by preventing misery, and promoting happiness, we
+shall indeed have gained the prize of having united the agreeable with
+the useful. Perhaps, when every folly is exhausted, there will come a
+time, in which men will be so far enlightened as to prefer the real
+pleasures of nature to vanity and chimera."
+
+[60] Perhaps it may gratify those who seek for health, by their
+attachment to gardens, to note the age that some of our English
+horticulturists have attained to:--Parkinson died at about 78;
+Tradescant, the father, died an old man; Switzer, about 80; Sir Thomas
+Browne died at 77; Evelyn, at 86; Dr. Beale, at 80; Jacob Bobart, at 85;
+Collinson, at 75; a son of Dr. Lawrence (equally fond of gardens as his
+father) at 86; Bishop Compton, at 81; Bridgman, at an advanced age;
+Knowlton, gardener to Lord Burlington, at 90; Miller, at 80; James Lee,
+at an advanced age; Lord Kames, at 86; Abercrombie, at 80; the Rev. Mr.
+Gilpin, at 80; Duncan, a gardener, upwards of 90; Hunter, who published
+_Sylva_, at 86; Speechley, at 86; Horace Walpole, at 80; Mr. Bates, the
+celebrated and ancient horticulturist of High Wickham, who died there in
+December, 1819, at the great age of 89; Marshall, at an advanced age;
+Sir Jos. Banks, at 77; Joseph Cradock, at 85; James Dickson, at 89; Dr.
+Andrew Duncan, at 83; and Sir U. Price, at 83. Mr. Loudon, at page 1063
+of his Encyclop. inform us, that a market garden, and nursery, near
+Parson's Green, had been, for upwards of two centuries, occupied by a
+family of the name of Rench; that one of them (who instituted the first
+annual exhibition of flowers) died at the age of ninety-nine years,
+having had thirty-three children; and that his son (mentioned by
+Collinson, as famous for forest trees) introduced the moss-rose, planted
+the elm trees now growing in the Bird-cage Walk, St. James's Park, from
+trees reared in his own nursery, married two wives, had thirty-five
+children, and died in 1783, in the same room in which he was born, at
+the age of a hundred and one years. Reflecting on the great age of some
+of the above, reminds me of what a "Journal Encyclopédique" said of
+Lestiboudois, another horticulturist and botanist, who died at Lille, at
+the age of ninety, and who (for even almost in our ashes _live their
+wonted fires_) gave lectures in the very last year of his life. "When he
+had (says an ancient friend of his) but few hours more to live, he
+ordered snow-drops, violets, and crocuses, to be brought to his bed, and
+compared them with the figures in Tournefort. His whole existence had
+been consecrated to the good of the public, and to the alleviation of
+misery; thus he looked forward to his dissolution with a tranquillity of
+soul that can only result from a life of rectitude; he never acquired a
+fortune; and left no other inheritance to his children, but integrity
+and virtue."
+
+[61] About eighty years previous to Hyll's Treatise on Bees, Rucellai,
+an Italian of distinction, who aspired to a cardinal's hat, and who
+laboured with zeal and taste (I am copying from De Sismondi's View of
+the Literature of the South of Europe) to render Italian poetry
+classical, or a pure imitation of the ancients, published his most
+celebrated poem on Bees. "It receives (says De Sismondi) a particular
+interest from the real fondness which Rucellai seems to have entertained
+for these creatures. There is something so sincere in his respect for
+their virgin purity, and in his admiration of the order of their
+government, that he inspires us with real interest for them. All his
+descriptions are full of life and truth."
+
+[62] Ben Jonson, in his _Discourses_, gives the following eulogy on this
+illustrious author:--"No member of his speech but consisted of his own
+graces. His hearers could not cough or look aside from him without loss.
+He commanded where he spoke, and had his judges angry and pleased at his
+devotion: no man had their affections more in his power; the fear of
+every man that heard him was, lest he should make an end." Mr. Loudon,
+when treating on the study of plants, observes, that "This wonderful
+philosopher explored and developed the true foundations of human
+knowledge, with a sagacity and penetration unparalleled in the history
+of mankind." What Clement VIII. applied to the eight books of Hooker's
+Ecclesiastical Polity, may well apply to the writings of Bacon:--"there
+is no learning that this man hath not searched into. His books will get
+reverence by age, for there is in them such seeds of eternity, that they
+will continue till the last fire shall devour all learning." Monsieur
+Thomas, in his Eulogy of Descartes, says, "Bacon explored every path of
+human knowledge, he sat in judgment on past ages, and anticipated those
+that were to come." The reader will be gratified by inspecting the
+second volume of Mr. Malone's publication of Aubrey's Letters, in the
+Bodleian Library, as well as the richly decorated and entertaining
+Beauties of England and Wales, and Pennant's Tour from Chester to
+London, for some curious notices of the ancient mansion, garden, and
+orchard, at Gorhambury.
+
+[63] The reader will be amply gratified by Mr. Johnson's review of the
+general state of horticulture at this period, in his History of English
+Gardening, and with the zeal with which he records the attachment of
+James I. and Charles, to this science; and where, in a subsequent
+chapter, he glances on the progress of our Botany, and proudly twines
+round the brows of the modest, but immortal, Ray, a most deserved and
+generous wreath.
+
+[64] I subjoin a few extracts from the first book of his English
+Husbandman, 4to. 1635:--"A garden is so profitable, necessary, and such
+an ornament and grace to every house and housekeeper, that the
+dwelling-place is lame and maimed if it want that goodly limbe, and
+beauty. I do not wonder either at the worke of art, or nature, when I
+behold in a goodly, rich and fertill soyle, a garden adorned with all
+the delights and delicacies which are within man's understanding,
+because the naturall goodnesse of the earth (which not enduring to bee
+idle) will bring forth whatsoever is cast into her; but when I behold
+upon a barren, dry, and dejected earth, such as the Peake-hills, where a
+man may behold snow all summer, or on the East-mores, whose best herbage
+is nothing but mosse, and iron-stone, in such a place, I say, to behold
+a delicate, rich, and fruitful garden, it shewes great worthinesse in
+the owner, and infinite art and industry in the workeman, and makes mee
+both admire and love the begetters of such excellencies."
+
+And again,--"For the situation of the garden-plot for pleasure, you
+shall understand, that it must ever bee placed so neare unto the
+dwelling-house as it is possible, both because the eye of the owner may
+be a guard and support from inconveniences, as all that the especial
+roomes and prospects of the house may be adorned, perfumed, and inriched
+with the delicate proportions, odoriferous smells, and wholesome airs
+which shall ascend and vaporate from the same."
+
+He then gives a variety of cuts of knots and mazes, and labyrinths, of
+which he observes, that "many other adornations and beautifyings there
+are, which belong to the setting forth of a curious garden, but for as
+much as none are more rare or more esteemed than these I have set down,
+being the best ornaments of the best gardens of this kingdome, I think
+them tastes sufficient for every husbandman or other of better quality,
+which delighteth in the beauty, and well trimming of his ground." He
+thus remarks:--"as in the composition of a delicate woman, the grace of
+her cheeke is the mixture of red and white, the wonder of her eye blacke
+and white, and the beauty of her hand blew and white, any of which is
+not said to be beautifull if it consist of single or simple colours; and
+so in these walkes or alleyes the all greene, nor the all yellow cannot
+be said to bee most beautifull, but the greene and yellow, (that is to
+say, the untroade grasse, and the well knit gravell) being equally mixt,
+give the eye both luster and delight beyond all comparison."
+
+His description of the following flower is singular: "_The Crowne
+Emperiall_, is, of all flowers, both forraigne and home-bred, the
+delicatest, and strangest: it hath the true shape of an imperiall
+crowne, and will be of divers colours, according to the art of the
+gardener. In the middest of the flower you shall see a round pearle
+stand, in proportion, colour, and orientnesse, like a true naturall
+pearle, only it is of a soft liquid substance: this pearle, if you shake
+the flower never so violently, will not fall off, neyther if you let it
+continue never so long, will it eyther encrease or diminish in the
+bignesse, but remaineth all one: yet if with your finger you take and
+wipe it away, in less than an hour after you shall have another arise in
+the same place, and of the same bignesse. This pearle, if you taste it
+upon your tongue, is pleasant, and sweet like honey: this flower when
+the sunne ariseth, you shall see it looke directly to the east, with the
+stalk bent lowe thereunto, and as the sunne ariseth higher and higher,
+so the flower will likewise ascend, and when the sunne is come into the
+meridian or noone poynt, which is directly over it, then will it stand
+upright upon the stalke, and looke directly upward, and as the sunne
+declineth, so will it likewise decline, and at the sunne setting looke
+directly to the west only."
+
+His mention of another flower is attractive:--"Now for your _Wall
+Gilliflower_, it delighteth in hard rubbish, limy, and stony grounds,
+whence it commeth they covet most to grow upon walls, pavements, and
+such like barraine places. It may be sowen in any moneth or season, for
+it is a seed of that hardness, that it makes no difference betwixt
+winter and summer, but will flourish in both equally, and beareth his
+flowers all the yeere, whence it comes that the husbandman preserves it
+most in his _bee-garden_, for it is _wondrous sweet_, and affordeth much
+honey. It would be sowen in very small quantity, for after it hath once
+taken roote, it will naturally of itself overspread much ground, and
+hardly ever after be rooted out. It is of itselfe of so exceeding a
+strong, and _sweet smell_, that it cannot be forced to take any other,
+and therefore is ever preserved in its owne nature."
+
+[65] Mr. Loudon, in his Encycl. of Gardening, fondly reviews the taste
+for flowers which pervaded most ranks during the time of Elizabeth, and
+Evelyn.
+
+The _Spectacle de la Nature_, of which we have a translation in 1740,
+has a richly diffuse chapter on flowers. I here transcribe a small part
+thereof:--
+
+_Prior._ "The beauty of flowers never fails to inspire us with joy; and
+when we have sufficiently examined the fairest, we are sensible they are
+only proper to refresh the sight; and, indeed, the prospect they afford
+is so touching, and we experience their power to be so effectual, that
+the generality of those arts which are ambitious to please, seem most
+successful when they borrow their assistance. Sculpture imitates them in
+its softest ornaments; architecture bestows the embellishments of leaves
+and festoons on those columns and fronts, which would otherwise be too
+naked. The richest embroideries are little more than foliage and
+flowers; the most magnificent silks are almost covered with these
+charming forms, and are thought beautiful, in proportion as they
+resemble the lively tinge of natural flowers.
+
+"These have always been the symbols, or representations of joy; they
+were formerly the inseparable ornaments of feasts, and are still
+introduced with applause, toward the close of our entertainments, when
+they are brought in with the fruit, to enliven the festival that begins
+to languish. And they are so peculiarly adapted to scenes of pleasure,
+that they are always considered as inconsistent with mourning. Decency,
+informed by nature, never admits them into those places where tears and
+affliction are predominant.
+
+_Countess._ "The festivals in the country are never celebrated without
+garlands, and the entertainments of the polite are ushered in by a
+flower. If the winter denies them that gratification, they have recourse
+to art. A young bride, in all the magnificence of her nuptial array,
+would imagine she wanted a necessary part of her ornaments, if she did
+not improve them with a sprig of flowers. A queen, amidst the greatest
+solemnities, though she is covered with the jewels of the crown, has an
+inclination to this rural ornament; she is not satisfied with mere
+grandeur and majesty, but is desirous of assuming an air of softness and
+gaiety, by the mediation of flowers.
+
+_Prior._ "Religion itself, with all its simplicity and abstraction, and
+amidst the abhorrence it professes to theatrical pomp, which rather
+tends to dissipate the heart, than to inspire it with a due reverence
+for sacred mysteries, and a sensibility of human wants, permits some of
+its festivals to be celebrated with boughs, and chaplets of flowers."
+
+[66] In his Diary is the following entry:--"1658, 27 Jan. After six fits
+of an ague, died my son Richard, five years and three days old onely,
+but, at that tender age, a prodigy for witt and understanding; for
+beauty of body, a very angel; for endowment of mind, of incredible and
+rare hopes. He was all life, all prettinesse. What shall I say of his
+frequent pathetical ejaculations uttered of himselfe: _Sweete Jesus,
+save me, deliver me, pardon my sins, let thine angels receive me!_ So
+early knowledge, so much piety and perfection! Such a child I never saw!
+for such a child I blesse God in whose bosome he is!"
+
+Nanteuil's portrait is prefixed to his _Sylva_, 1664; and a fine copy of
+the same, by Bartolozzi, is prefixed to Hunter's _Sylva_. Worlidge
+engraved a fine portrait of him, prefixed to his _Sculptura_. Gaywood
+engraved his portrait for the translation of _Lucretius_. In Walpole's
+Anecdotes is his portrait, by Bannerman.
+
+[67] In "A Picturesque Promenade round Dorking," are selected many
+interesting particulars of Mr. Evelyn.
+
+[68] Essex lost his head for having said that Elizabeth grew old and
+cankered, and that her mind was as crooked as her carcase. Perhaps the
+beauty of Mary galled Elizabeth.
+
+The Quarterly Review of July, 1828, thus remarks:--"When Elizabeth's
+wrinkles waxed many, it is reported that an unfortunate master of the
+Mint incurred disgrace, by a too faithful shilling; the die was broken,
+and only one mutilated impression is now in existence. Her maids of
+honour took the hint, and were thenceforth careful that no fragment of a
+looking glass should remain in any room of the palace. In fact, the
+lion-hearted lady had not heart to look herself in the face for the last
+twenty years of her life."
+
+It seems that Elizabeth was fond of executions. She loved Essex, of all
+men, best; and yet the same axe which murdered Anne Bulleyn, was used to
+revenge herself on him. The bloody task took three strokes, which so
+enraged the multitude, (who loved Essex) that they would have torn the
+executioner to pieces, had not the soldiers prevented them. Mr. Hutton,
+in his "Journey to London," observes, that "their vengeance ought to
+have been directed against the person who caused him to use it." What
+her reflections were on these two bloody acts when on her death-bed, we
+scarcely know. A modern writer on horticulture, nearly concludes a very
+pleasing work, by enumerating (with slight historical notices) the
+several plants cultivated in our gardens. He thus concludes his account
+of one:--"Queen Elizabeth, in her last illness, eat little but Succory
+Pottage." Mr. Loudon says it is used "as a fodder for cattle." The
+French call it Chicoree _sauvage_. Her taste must have been something
+like her heart. Poor Mary eat no supper the night previous to _her_ last
+illness. Had it been possible for Elizabeth to have read those pages of
+Robertson, which paint the long succession of calamities which befel
+Mary, and the insolence and brutality she received from Darnley, and
+which so eloquently plead for her frailties, perhaps even these pages
+would not have softened her bloody disposition, which she seems to have
+inherited from that insolent monster, her father. "Mary's sufferings
+(says this enchanting historian) exceed, both in degree and duration,
+those tragical distresses which fancy has feigned, to excite sorrow and
+commiseration; and while we survey them, we are apt altogether to forget
+her frailties; we think of her faults with less indignation, and approve
+of our tears as if they were shed for a person who had attained much
+nearer to pure virtue. With regard to the queen's person, all
+contemporary authors agree in ascribing to Mary the utmost beauty of
+countenance, and elegance of shape, of which the human form is capable.
+Her hair was black, though, according to the fashion of that age, she
+frequently borrowed locks, and of different colours. Her eyes were a
+dark grey; her complexion was exquisitely fine, and her hands and arms
+remarkably delicate, both as to shape and colour. Her stature was of an
+height that rose to the majestic. She danced, she walked, and she rode
+with equal grace. She sung, and played upon the lute with uncommon
+skill."
+
+[69] I will merely give this brief extract as one out of many of great
+force and beauty, from his _Salmonia_:--"If we look with wonder upon the
+great remains of human works, such as the columns of Palmyra, broken in
+the midst of the desert, the temples of Pæstum, beautiful in the decay
+of twenty centuries, or the mutilated fragments of Greek sculpture in
+the Acropolis of Athens, or in our own Museum, as proofs of the genius
+of artists, and power and riches of nations now past away, with how much
+deeper feeling of admiration must we consider those grand monuments of
+nature, which mark the revolutions of the globe; continents broken into
+islands; one land produced, another destroyed; the bottom of the ocean
+become a fertile soil; whole races of animals extinct; and the bones and
+exuviæ of one class covered with the remains of another, and upon the
+graves of past generations--the marble or rocky tomb, as it were, of a
+former animated world--new generations rising, and order and harmony
+established, and a system of life and beauty produced, as it were, out
+of chaos and death; proving the infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, of
+the GREAT CAUSE OF ALL BEING!" I must trespass on my reader, by again
+quoting from _Salmonia_:--"I envy no quality of the mind or intellect in
+others; not genius, power, wit, or fancy; but if I could choose what
+would be most delightful, and I believe most useful to me, I should
+prefer _a firm religious belief_ to every other blessing; for it makes
+life a discipline of goodness--creates new hopes, when all earthly hopes
+vanish; and throws over the decay, the destruction of existence, the
+most gorgeous of lights; awakens life even in death, and from corruption
+and decay calls up beauty and divinity: makes an instrument of torture
+and of shame the ladder of ascent to Paradise; and, far above all
+combinations of earthly hopes, calls up the most delightful visions of
+palms and amaranths, the gardens of the blest, the security of
+everlasting joys, where the sensualist and the sceptic view only gloom,
+decay, annihilation, and despair!"
+
+[70] In this delightful essay, he says, "the most exquisite delights of
+sense are pursued, in the contrivance and plantation of gardens, which,
+with fruits, flowers, shades, fountains, and the music of birds that
+frequent such happy places, seem to furnish all the pleasures of the
+several senses."
+
+[71] Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, admirably
+confirms this conflagration argument, by quoting the opinion or
+testimony of the celebrated Goëthe.
+
+[72] To this interesting subject is devoted, a part of Mr. Loudon's
+concise and luminous review "Of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of
+Gardening in the British Isles;" being chapter iv. of his Encyclopædia.
+
+[73] Perhaps there are few pages that more awfully paint the sacredness
+of this spot, than page 36 in the fifth edition of Dr. Alison's Essays
+on Taste.
+
+[74] I do not mean to apply to the hospitable table of this reverend
+gentleman, the lines of Peter Pindar:--
+
+   One cut from _venison_, to the heart can speak,
+   Stronger than ten quotations from the _Greek_.
+
+
+
+[75] I cannot prevent myself from quoting a very small portion of the
+animated address of another clergyman, the Rev. J. G. Morris, as
+chairman to the Wakefield Horticultural Society. I am certain each one
+of my readers will blame me for not having inserted the whole of this
+eloquent appeal. I copy it from the Gardener's Magazine for August,
+1828:--"Conscious that I possessed no qualifications to fit me for the
+task, and feeling that it ill became me to assume it, as I am as yet
+nearly a stranger amongst you; aware, too, that I should be surrounded
+by individuals so much more eligible, inasmuch as they are eminently
+gifted with botanical science and practical knowledge, the result of
+their horticultural pursuits and facilities, of which I am quite devoid;
+I wished and begged to decline the proffered honour. It appears,
+however, that my entreaties are not listened to, and that your kindness
+and partiality persist in selecting for your chairman one so inadequate
+to the situation. Gentlemen, I take the chair with much diffidence; but
+I will presume to say, that, in the absence of other qualities, I bring
+with me a passionate love for plants and flowers, for the sweets and
+beauties of the garden, and no inconsiderable fondness for its more
+substantial productions. Gardening, as a recreation and relaxation from
+severer studies and more important avocations, has exquisite charms for
+me; and I am ready, with old _Gerarde_, to confess, that 'the principal
+delight is in the mind, singularly enriched with the knowledge of these
+visible things; setting forth to us the invisible wisdom and admirable
+workmanship of Almighty God.' With such predilections, you will easily
+give me credit, gentlemen, for participating with this assembly in the
+sincerest wishes for the complete and permanent establishment of a
+society amongst us, whose object shall be to promote, in the surrounding
+district, the introduction of different sorts of flowers, culinary
+vegetables, fruits, improved culture and management generally, and _a
+taste_ for botany as a science. These are pursuits, gentlemen, combining
+at once health and innocence, pleasure and utility. Wakefield and its
+vicinity appear to possess facilities for the accomplishment of such a
+project, inferior to no district within this great palatinate, indeed,
+little inferior to any in the kingdom. The country is beautiful and
+charmingly varied, and, from the diversity of soil, suited to varied
+productions; the whole thickly interspersed with seats and villas of
+persons of opulence, possessing their conservatories, hot-houses, and
+stoves, their orchards, flower and kitchen gardens: whilst few towns can
+boast (as Wakefield can) of so many gardens within its enclosure,
+cultivated with so much assiduity and skill, so much taste and deserved
+success. Seven years ago, I had the honour to originate a similar
+project in Preston, in Lancashire, and with the happiest success. In
+that borough, possessing far less advantages than Wakefield offers, a
+horticultural society was established, which, in its four annual
+meetings, assembles all the rank and fashion of a circuit of more than
+ten miles, and numbers more than a hundred and twenty subscribers to its
+funds. Those who have not witnessed the interesting sight, can form but
+a faint idea of the animating scene which is presented in a spacious and
+handsome room, tastefully adorned with the choicest exotics from various
+conservatories, and the more choice, because selected with a view to
+competition: decorated with the varied beauties of the parterre, vieing
+with each other in fragrance, hue, and delicacy of texture; whilst the
+tables groan under the weight of delicious fruits and rare vegetables in
+endless variety, the joint produce of hot-houses, stoves, orchards, and
+kitchen gardens. Figure to yourselves, gentlemen, this elysium, graced
+by some hundreds of our fair countrywomen, an absolute galaxy of
+animated beauty, and that music lends its aid, and you will agree with
+me that a more fascinating treat could hardly be devised. New flowers,
+new fruits, recent varieties of those of long standing and established
+character for excellence, are thus introduced, in lieu of those whose
+inferiority is no longer doubtful. New culinary vegetables, or, from
+superior treatment or mode of culture, rendered more salubrious and of
+exquisite flavour, will load the stalls of our market-gardeners. I call
+upon you, then, gentlemen, for your zealous support. Say not that you
+have no gardens, or that your gardens are inconsiderable, or that you
+are no cultivators; you are all interested in having good and delicious
+fruits, nutritious and delicate culinary vegetables, and in procuring
+them at a reasonable rate, which will be the results of improved and
+successful cultivation. At our various exhibitions, let each contribute
+that in which he excels, and our object will be attained. Gentlemen, I
+fear I have trespassed too long on your patience and indulgence. I will
+just urge one more motive for your warm support of our intended society;
+it is this: that, by diffusing a love of plants and gardening, you will
+materially contribute to the comfort and happiness of the laborious
+classes; for the pleasure taken in such pursuits forms an
+unexceptionable relaxation from the toils of business, and every hour
+thus spent is subtracted from the ale-house and other haunts of idleness
+and dissipation."
+
+[76] In the grounds of _Hagley_, were once inscribed these lines:--
+
+   Here Pope!--ah, never must that tow'ring mind
+   To his loved haunts, or dearer friend return;
+   What art, what friendships! oh! what fame resign'd:
+   In yonder glade I trace his mournful urn.
+
+
+
+[77] At Holm-Lacey is preserved a sketch, in crayons, by Pope, (when on
+a visit there) of Lord Strafford by Vandyke. It is well known that Pope
+painted Betterton in oil colours, and gave it to Lord Mansfield. The
+noble lord regretted the loss of this memorial, when his house was
+consumed at the time of the disgraceful and ignorant riots.
+
+[78] Sir Joshua Reynolds used to tell the following anecdote relative to
+Pope.--"When Reynolds was a young man, he was present at an auction of
+very scarce pictures, which attracted a great crowd of _connoisseurs_
+and others; when, in the moment of a very interesting piece being put
+up, Mr. Pope entered the room. All was in an instant, from a scene of
+confusion and bustle, a dead calm. The auctioneer, as if by instinct,
+suspended his hammer. The audience, to an individual, as if by the same
+impulse, rose up to receive the poet; and did not resume their seats
+till he had reached the upper end of the room."
+
+A similar honour was paid to the Abbé Raynal, whose reputation was such,
+that the Speaker of the House of Commons observing _him_ among the
+spectators, suspended the business of the house till he had seen the
+eloquent historian placed in a more commodious seat. It is painful to
+relate, that this powerful writer, and good man, who narrowly escaped
+the guillotine, expired in a garret, in extreme poverty, at the age of
+eighty-four; the only property he left being one assignat of fifty
+livres, worth not threepence in ready money. Perhaps one might have
+applied the following anecdote (told by Dr. Drake in his Literary Hours)
+to Abbé Raynal:--"A respectable character, having long figured in the
+gay world at Paris, was at length compelled to live in an obscure
+retreat in that city, the victim of severe misfortunes. He was so
+indigent, that he subsisted only on an allowance from the parish. Every
+week bread was sent to him sufficient for his support, and yet at
+length, he demanded more. On this the curate sent for him. 'Do you live
+alone?' said the curate. 'With whom, sir, is it possible I should live?
+I am wretched, since I thus solicit charity, and am abandoned by all the
+world.' 'But, sir, if you live alone, why do you ask for more bread than
+is sufficient for yourself?' The other at last, with great reluctance,
+confessed that he had a dog. The curate desired him to observe, that he
+was only the distributor of the bread that belonged to the poor, and
+that it was absolutely necessary that he should dispose of his dog. 'Ah,
+sir!' exclaimed the poor man, weeping, 'and if I lose my dog, who is
+there then to love me?' The good pastor took his purse, and giving it to
+him, 'take this, sir,' said he; 'this is mine--this I _can_ give.'"
+
+[79] How applicable are Gray's lines to Lord Byron himself, now!
+
+   Can storied urn or animated bust
+     Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?
+   Can honour's voice provoke the silent dust,
+     Or flatt'ry soothe the dull cold ear of death?
+   Perhaps in this _neglected_ spot is laid
+     Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire!--
+
+
+
+[80] Mr. Bowles, in some stanzas written since the death of Byron, thus
+feelingly apostrophizes his noble spirit:--
+
+   But I will bid th' Arcadian cypress wave,
+     Pluck the green laurel from Peneus' side,
+   And pray thy spirit may such quiet have
+     That not one thought unkind be murmur'd o'er thy grave.
+
+
+
+[81] Perhaps one motive (no doubt there were numberless others) that
+_might_ have induced Mr. Mason thus to honour the memory of Pope,
+
+   ----_letting cold tears bedew his silver urn_,
+
+_might_ have been from the recollection of his attachment to what
+equally charmed Mr. Mason--the love of gardens.
+
+[82] I know not whether Milton's portrait should have been here noticed.
+In a note to the eloquent, the talented, and graceful "Discours
+d'Installation, prononcé par M. le Vicomte H. de Thury, président de la
+Société d'Horticulture de Paris," it is beautifully observed, that
+"Personne n'a mieux décrit ce delicieux jardin que Milton. Les Anglais
+regardent comme le type de tous les jardins paysagers, et pittoresques,
+la description que fait Milton du jardin d'Eden, et qui atteste que se
+sublime genié ètoit également poëte, peintre et paysagiste." As I have
+sought for the portraits of Mr. George Mason, and of Mr. Whateley, and
+have noticed those of Launcelot Brown, and Mr. Walpole, Mr. Cradock, M.
+R. P. Knight and Sir U. Price, who were all _paysagists_; surely our
+great and severe republican was one.
+
+The Prince de Ligne speaks thus of Milton:--"les vers enchanteurs de ce
+Roi des poëtes, et des _jardiniers_.
+
+I do not know that every one will agree with Switzer in the concluding
+part of what he says of Milton, in the History of Gardening, prefixed to
+his Iconologia:--"But although things were in this terrible combustion,
+we must not omit the famous Mr. John Milton, one of Cromwell's
+Secretaries; who, by his excellent and never-to-be-equalled poem of
+Paradise Lost, has particularly distinguished gardening, by taking that
+for his theme; and shows, that though his eyes deprived him of the
+benefit of seeing, yet his mind was wonderfully moved with the
+philosophy, innocence, and beauty of this employ; his books, though
+mixed with other subjects, being a kind of a philosophical body of
+gardening, as well as divinity. Happy man! _had his pen been employed on
+no other subject_."
+
+It must be needless reminding my reader, that Mr. Walpole's powerful pen
+has taken care that our mighty poet, (who "on evil days, though fallen,
+and with darkness and solitude compassed round,") shall not be
+_defrauded of half his glory_.
+
+It is gratifying to remark, that an edition of Paradise Lost is now
+announced for publication, in which the zeal of its spirited proprietors
+has determined, that every word shall be printed in letters of gold. The
+sanction of some of our most distinguished divines, and men of high
+rank, evince the pride with which we all acknowledge the devout zeal and
+mighty powers of the blind poet.
+
+[83] Mr. Garrick's fondness for ornamental gardening, induced him finely
+to catch at this invention, in his inimitable performance of Lord
+Chalkstone.
+
+[84] Dr. Pulteney relates this anecdote of Mr. Miller: "He was the only
+person I ever knew who remembered to have seen Mr. Ray. I shall not
+easily forget the pleasure that enlightened his countenance, it so
+strongly expressed the _Virgilium tantum vidi_, when, in speaking of
+that revered man, he related to me that incident of his youth." I regret
+that Mr. Ray only meditated a work to have been entitled _Horti_ Angliæ.
+Had he written it, I should have felt a singular pride in introducing
+his valued name in the present imperfect volume.
+
+[85] The generous minded reader will be gratified by referring to the
+kind tribute, paid to the memory of Shenstone, by Mr. Loudon, at p. 76
+of his Encyclopædia. Of this Encyclopædia, Mr. Johnson, in his History
+of Gardening, thus speaks:--"Taken as a whole, it is the most complete
+book of gardening ever published;"--and that, with the exception of
+chymistry, "every art and science, at all illustrative of gardening, are
+made to contribute their assistance."
+
+[86] In his "Unconnected Thoughts" he admires the _Oak_, for "its
+majestic appearance, the rough grandeur of its bark, and the wide
+protection of its branches: a large, branching, aged oak, is, perhaps,
+the most venerable of all inanimate objects."
+
+[87] Tea was the favourite beverage of Dr. Johnson. When Hanway
+pronounced his anathema against it, Johnson rose in defence of it,
+declaring himself "in that article a hardened sinner, having for years
+diluted my meals with the infusion of that fascinating plant; my
+tea-kettle has had no time to cool; with tea I have solaced the midnight
+hour, and with tea welcomed the morning." Mr. Pennant was a great lover
+of tea; a hardy honest Welch parson, on hearing that he usually retired
+in the afternoon to his summer-house to enjoy that beverage, was moved
+with indignation, that any thing weaker than ale or wine should be drunk
+there; and calling to mind the good hunting times of old, passionately
+exclaimed, "his father would have scorned it."
+
+[88] Sir Uvedale thus expresses his own sensations when viewing some of
+these plantations:--"The inside fully answers to the dreary appearance
+of the outside; of all dismal scenes it seems to me the most likely for
+a man to hang himself in; he would, however, find some difficulty in the
+execution, for amidst the endless multitude of stems, there is rarely a
+single side branch to which a rope could be fastened. The whole wood is
+a collection of tall naked poles.... Even its gloom is without
+solemnity; it is only dull and dismal; and what light there is, like
+that of hell,
+
+   _Serves only to discover scenes of woe,
+   Regions of sorrow, doleful shades._"
+
+
+
+[89] This observation confirms what Sir U. Price so pointedly enforces
+throughout the whole of his causticly sportive letter to Mr. Repton:
+"that the best landscape painters would be the best landscape gardeners,
+were they to turn their minds to the practical part; consequently, a
+study of their works, the most useful study to an improver."--And that
+"Van Huysum would be a much better judge of the merits and defects of
+the most dressed scene--of a mere flower garden,--than a gardener."
+
+[90] Mr. Browne was not an author; yet the title of the present volume
+is "On the Portraits of English _Authors_ on Gardening." Neither was old
+Bridgman nor Kent _authors_ on this subject; still I could not prevail
+on myself to pass over such names in total silence.
+
+[91] Mr. Clive resided at Moreton-Say, near Market-Drayton. He was a
+prebend of Westminster. Integrity marked every action of his life. In
+his village, scarcely a poor man existed. His kindness and benevolence
+to the poor, could only be equalled by his friendly hospitality and kind
+feeling to the more affluent in his neighbourhood:
+
+   _Thy works, and alms, and all thy good endeavour,
+   Follow thee up to joy and bliss for ever._
+
+Miss Seward thus concludes one of her letters to him:--"I wish none were
+permitted to enter the lists of criticism but those who feel poetic
+beauty as keenly as yourself, and who have the same generous desire that
+others should feel it." I mention Mr. Clive with gratitude, from a
+recollection of kindnesses received from him at a very early period of
+my life, and which were of such a nature, as could not fail to animate
+the mind of a young man to studious exertions. Archdeacon Plimley (now
+the truly venerable Archdeacon Corbet, and who has been so long an
+honour to his native county), in his Agricultural Survey of Shropshire,
+respectfully introduces Mr. Clive's name; and when he addressed his
+charge to the diocese of Hereford, in 1793, one really cannot but apply
+to Mr. Clive, what he so eloquently enforces in that charge to each
+clergyman:--"to cultivate a pure spirit within their own bosoms; to be
+in every instance the right-hand neighbour to each parishioner; their
+private adviser, their public monitor, their example in christian
+conduct, their joy in health, their consolation in sickness." In the
+same vault with Mr. Archdeacon Clive, lies buried Robert Lord Clive,
+conqueror of _Plassy_: on whose death appeared these extempore lines, by
+a man of distinction, a friend to Lord Clive:--
+
+   Life's a surface, slippery, glassy,
+   Whereon tumbled Clive of Plassy;
+   All the wealth the east could give,
+   Brib'd not death to let him live:
+   There's no distinction in the grave
+   'Twixt the nabob and the slave.
+
+His lordship's death, in 1774, was owing to the same cause which
+hastened that of the most worthy of men, Sir Samuel Romilly--from
+shattered and worn out nerves;--from severe study in the latter, and
+from the burning climate of the east in the former. Had Lord Clive lived
+a few years longer, he would have enriched the whole neighbourhood round
+his native spot. His vigorous, ardently-gifted, and penetrating mind,
+projected plantations and other improvements, that could only have been
+conceived by such minds as Olivier de Serres, or by Sully, or by our own
+Evelyn. He was in private life beloved. He was generous, social and
+friendly; and if ever charity to the poor warmed the breast of any
+mortal, it warmed that of Lord Clive. Few men had more kind affections
+than Lord Clive.
+
+[92] The following passage from a favourite book of Dr. Darwin's, (the
+System of Nature, by Linnæus) will well apply to that searching and
+penetrating mind, which so strongly possessed him through life.--"How
+small a part of the great works of nature is laid open to our eyes, and
+how many things are going on in secret which we know nothing of! How
+many things are there which this age first was acquainted with! How many
+things that we are ignorant of will come to light when all memory of us
+shall be no more! for nature does not at once reveal all her secrets. We
+are apt to look on ourselves as already admitted into the sanctuary of
+her temple; we are still only in the porch." How full of grace, of
+tenderness, and passion, is that elegy, which he composed the night he
+feared a life he so passionately loved (Mrs. Pole, of Radburn,) was in
+imminent danger, and when he dreamed she was dead:
+
+   Stretch'd on her sable bier, the grave beside,
+     A snow-white shroud her breathless bosom bound,
+   O'er her white brow the _mimic lace_ was tied,
+     And loves, and virtues, hung their garlands round.
+
+   From these cold lips did softest accents flow?
+     Round that pale mouth did sweetest dimples play?
+   On this dull cheek the rose of beauty blow,
+     And those dim eyes diffuse celestial rays?
+
+   Did this cold hand unasking want relieve,
+     Or wake the lyre to every rapturous sound?
+   How sad, for other's woes, this breast could heave!
+     How light this heart, for other's transport, bound!
+
+
+
+[93] It was at this period of his residence at Lichfield, that the
+present writer heard him strongly enforce the cultivation of _papaver
+somniferum_. What he may have also enforced to others, may possibly have
+given rise to some of those ingenious papers on its cultivation, which
+are inserted not only in the Transactions of the Society for the
+Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce; in other publications,
+but in the first and fifth volumes of the Memoirs of the Caledonian
+Horticultural Society. The papers of Mr. Ball and Mr. Jones, on its
+cultivation, in the former of these transactions, are particularly
+diffuse and valuable. They are fully noticed in Dr. Thornton's "Family
+Herbal." The subjoined plate is a copy of that in the title page to
+"_Opiologia_, ou traicté concernant le naturel proprietés, vraye
+preparation, et seur vsage de l'opium," a favourite volume with Dr.
+Darwin, printed at _la Haye_, 1614, 12mo. Dr. Darwin, in his Botanical
+Garden, thus speaks of opium: "the finest opium is procured by wounding
+the heads of large poppies with a three-edged knife, and tying
+muscle-shells to them, to catch the drops. In small quantities it
+exhilirates the mind, raises the passions, and invigorates the body; in
+large ones, it is succeeded by intoxication, languor, stupor, and
+death."
+
+[94] _Sterne_ mentions a traveller who always set out with the spleen
+and jaundice,--"without one generous connection, or pleasurable anecdote
+to tell of,--travelling straight on, looking neither to his right hand
+or his left, lest love or pity should seduce him out of the road." Mr.
+Loudon seems to be a very different kind of a traveller: for his
+horticultural spirit and benevolent views, pervade almost every page of
+his late tour through _Bavaria_. One envies his feelings, too, in
+another rural excursion, through the romantic scenery of _Bury_, at Mr.
+Barclay's, and of Mr. Hope's at _Deepdene_; and particularly when he
+paints his own emotions on viewing the room of sculpture there. He even
+could not, in October last, take his rural ride from _Edgware_ to _St.
+Alban's_ without thus awakening in each traveller a love of gardens, and
+giving this gentle hint to an honest landlord:--"A new inn, in the
+outskirts of _St. Alban's_, in the _Dunstable_ road, has an ample
+garden, not made the most of. Such a piece of ground, and a gardener of
+taste, would give an inn, so situated, so great a superiority, that
+_every one would be tempted to stop there_; but the garden of this
+Boniface, exhibits but the beginning of a good idea." When travelling
+along our English roads, his mind no doubt frequently reverts to those
+road-side gardens in the Netherlands, which he thus happily adverts to
+in p. 32 of his Encyclopædia: "The gardens of the cottagers in these
+countries, are undoubtedly better managed and more productive than those
+of any other country; no man who has a cottage is without a garden
+attached; often small, but rendered useful to a poor family, by the high
+degree of culture given to it." Linnæus, in his eloquent oration at
+Upsal, enforces the pleasure of travelling in one's own country, through
+its fields _and roads_. Mr. Heath, the zealous and affectionate
+historian of Monmouth, in his account of that town and its romantic
+neighbourhood, (published in 1804,) omits no opportunity of noticing the
+many neat gardens, which add to the other rural charms of its rich
+scenery, thus mentions another Boniface:--"The late Thomas Moxley, who
+kept the public-house at Manson Cross, was a person that took great
+delight in fruit-trees, and had a large piece of ground let him, for the
+purpose of planting it with apple-trees; but his death (which followed
+soon after) prevented the plan from being carried to the extent he
+intended, though some of the land bears evidence of his zeal and
+labour." Mr. Heath cannot even travel on the turnpike road, from
+Monmouth to Hereford, without benevolently remarking, that "a number of
+laborious families have erected small tenements, with a garden to each,
+most of which are thickly planted with apple-trees, whose produce
+considerably adds to the owner's support."
+
+[95] Of this celebrated biographer of Dr. Darwin (whose Verses to the
+Memory of Mr. Garrick, and whose Monody on Captain Cook, will live as
+long as our language is spoken,) Sir W. Scott thus describes his first
+personal interview with:--"Miss Seward, when young, must have been
+exquisitely beautiful; for, in advanced age, the regularity of her
+features, the fire and expression of her countenance, gave her the
+appearance of beauty, and almost of youth. Her eyes were auburn, of the
+precise shade and hue of her hair, and possessed great expression. In
+reciting, or in speaking with animation, they appeared to become darker;
+and, as it were, to flash fire. I should have hesitated to state the
+impression which this peculiarity made upon me at the time, had not my
+observation been confirmed by that of the first actress of this or any
+other age, with whom I lately happened to converse on our deceased
+friend's expressive powers of countenance."
+
+[96] From one of these pleasing sermons I extract these few
+lines:--"Among the most pleasing sights of a country village, is that of
+a father and mother, followed by their family of different ages, issuing
+from their little dwelling on a Sunday morning, as the bell tolls to
+church. The children, with their ruddy, wholesome looks, are all neat
+and clean. Their behaviour at church shews what an impression their
+parents have given them of the holiness of the place, and of the duties
+they have to perform. Though unregarded, as they return home, by their
+richer neighbours, they carry back with them to their humble cottage the
+blessing of God.--Pious parents! lead on your children from church to
+heaven. You are in the right road. Your heavenly father sees your
+hearts."
+
+[97] Mr. Cradock published in 8vo. in 1777, price 2s. 6d. an account of
+some of the most remarkable places in North Wales.
+
+[98] Mons. de Voltaire was so charmed with the taste and talents, and
+polite engaging manners of La Fage, that he paid him the following
+compliment; which may very justly be applied to Mr. Cradock:
+
+   _Il reçut deux presens des Dieux,
+   Les plus charmans qu'ils puissent faire;
+   L'un étoit le talent de plaire,
+   L'autre le secret d'être heureux._
+
+
+
+[99] The Quarterly Review for April, 1821, observes, that "The total
+number of exotics, introduced into this country, appears to be 11,970,
+of which the first forty-seven species, including the orange, apricot,
+pomegranate, &c. were introduced previously or during the reign of Henry
+VIII., and no fewer than 6756 in the reign of George III. For this proud
+accession to our exotic botany in the last century, the public are
+chiefly indebted to Sir Joseph Banks, and Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, of
+the Hammersmith nursery."
+
+[100] The invocation to this Vale, reminds one of Mr. Repton's
+description:--"Downton Vale, near Ludlow, one of the most beautiful and
+romantic valleys that the imagination can conceive. It is impossible by
+description to convey an idea of its natural charms, or to do justice to
+that taste which has displayed these charms to the greatest advantage,
+
+   _With art clandestine, and conceal'd design._
+
+A narrow, wild, and natural path, sometimes creeps under the beetling
+rock, close by the margin of a mountain stream. It sometimes ascends to
+an awful precipice, from whence the foaming waters are heard roaring in
+the dark abyss below, or seen wildly dashing against its opposite banks;
+while, in other places, the course of the river _Teme_ being impeded by
+natural ledges of rock, the vale presents a calm, glassy mirror, that
+reflects the surrounding foliage. The path, in various places, crosses
+the water by bridges of the most romantic and contrasted forms; and,
+branching in various directions, including some miles in length, is
+occasionally varied and enriched by caves and cells, hovels, and covered
+seats, or other buildings, in perfect harmony with the wild but pleasing
+horrors of the scene."
+
+[101] Foxley, this far-famed seat of dignified and benevolent
+retirement, has on many occasions become interesting. I will merely
+mention one. It gave a peaceful asylum to Benjamin Stillingfleet, when
+his mind was depressed by disappointment. The then owner, Robert Price,
+Esq. and his mild and amiable lady, both kindly pressed him to become an
+inmate of their domestic retreat, that his health might be restored, and
+his mind calmed; and though he modestly refused being a constant
+intruder, yet he took up his residence in a cottage near them, and
+delighted to pass his leisure hours in their happy domestic circle,
+"blending his studious pursuits, with rural occupations," and
+particularly with gardening. No doubt, to this protecting kindness, may,
+on this spot, have been imbibed his great veneration for Theophrastus;
+and here he must have laid the foundation of those attainments, which,
+during the future periods of his life, obtained for him the high
+approbation of the justly celebrated Mrs. Montagu, who, in her letters,
+speaks of "this invaluable friend," in the highest possible terms of
+praise. In this peaceful and consoling retreat, was written his original
+and masterly tribute to the talents of Xenophon; and here was first
+kindled his deep enthusiastic zeal for the classic authors of antiquity;
+and the materials for his then intended edition of Milton (who he says
+equalled all the ancients whom he imitated; the sublimity of Homer, the
+majesty of Sophocles, the softness of Theocritus, and the gaiety of
+Anacreon,) enriched with parallel passages from holy writ, the classics,
+and the early Italian poets; and here he composed his matchless treatise
+on the power and principles of Tartini's music (for it seems Mr. Price
+himself "was a master of the art.") Here too, most probably, he
+sketched, or first gathered, his early memoranda towards his future
+general history of husbandry, from the earliest ages of the world to his
+own time; and fostered a devoted zeal for Linnæus, which produced that
+spirited eulogium on him, which pervades the preface to his translation
+of "Miscellaneous Tracts on Natural History."
+
+[102] Sir Uvedale, about fifty years ago, translated _Pausanias_ from
+the Greek. One may judge of the feeling with which he dwelt on the pages
+of this book, by what he says of that nation in vol. i. p. 65 of his
+Essays, where he speaks of being struck with the extreme richness of
+some of the windows of our cathedrals and ruined abbeys: "I hope it will
+not be supposed, that by admiring the picturesque circumstances of the
+Gothic, I mean to undervalue the symmetry and beauty of Grecian
+buildings: whatever comes to us from the Greeks, has an irresistible
+claim to our admiration; that distinguished people seized on the true
+points both of beauty and grandeur in all the arts, and their
+architecture has justly obtained the same high pre-eminence as their
+sculpture, poetry, and eloquence."
+
+[103] On the pomp of devotion in our ancient abbeys, Mr. R. P. Knight
+thus interests his readers, in the chapter "Of the Sublime and
+Pathetic," in the Inquiry into the principles of Taste:--"Every person
+who has attended the celebration of high mass, at any considerable
+ecclesiastical establishment, must have felt how much the splendour and
+magnificence of the Roman Catholic worship tends to exalt the spirit of
+devotion, and to inspire the soul with rapture and enthusiasm. Not only
+the impressive melody of the vocal and instrumental music, and the
+imposing solemnity of the ceremonies, but the pomp and brilliancy of the
+sacerdotal garments, and the rich and costly decorations of the altar,
+raise the character of religion, and give it an air of dignity and
+majesty unknown to any of the reformed churches."
+
+[104] In p. 130 and 179 of vol. ii. he thus adverts to the effects of
+the levelling system of Launcelot Browne:--"From this influence of
+fashion, and the particular influence of Mr. Browne, models of old
+gardens are in this country still scarcer in nature than in painting;
+and therefore what good parts there may be in such gardens, whether
+proceeding from original design, or from the changes produced by time
+and accident, can no longer be observed; and yet, from these specimens
+of ancient art, however they may be condemned as old fashioned, many
+hints might certainly be taken, and blended with such modern
+improvements as really deserve the name."--"Were my arguments in favour
+of many parts of the old style of gardening ever so convincing, the most
+I could hope from them at present, would be, to produce _some caution_;
+and to assist in preserving some of the few remains of old magnificence
+that still exist, by making the owner less ready to listen to a
+professor, whose interest it is to recommend total demolition." Mr. R.
+P. Knight, in a note to his _landscape_, thus remarks on this subject:
+"I remember a country clock-maker, who being employed to clean a more
+complex machine than he had been accustomed to, very confidently took it
+to pieces; but finding, when he came to put it together again, some
+wheels of which he could not discover the use, very discreetly carried
+them off in his pocket. The simple artifice of this prudent mechanic,
+always recurs to my mind, when I observe the manner in which our modern
+improvers repair and embellish old places; not knowing how to employ the
+terraces, mounds, avenues, and other features which they find there,
+they take them all away, and cover the places which they occupied with
+turf. It is a short and easy method of proceeding; and if their
+employers will be satisfied with it, they are not to be blamed for
+persevering in it, as it may be executed by proxy, as well as in
+person."
+
+Severely (and no doubt justly), as the too generally smooth and
+monotonous system of Mr. Browne has been condemned, yet he must have had
+great merit to have obtained the many encomiums he did obtain from some
+of our first nobility and gentry. The _evil_ which he did in many of
+their altered pleasure-grounds, _lives after him--the good is oft
+interred in his grave_.
+
+[105] Mr. George Mason justly observes that "Nature's favourite haunts
+are the school of gardening."
+
+[106] Dion. Chrysostom said of Xenophon, that "he had something of
+witchcraft in his writings." It would not be too much to say the same of
+this poet.
+
+THE END.
+
+_Printed by Lowe and Harvey, Playhouse Yard, Blackfriars._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on
+Gardening,, by Samuel Felton
+
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on Gardening,
+            by S Felton.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+/*<![CDATA[  XML blockout */
+<!--
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+    table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
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+
+    .pagenum  { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */
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+
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+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on
+Gardening,, by Samuel Felton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: On the Portraits of English Authors on Gardening,
+       with Biographical Notices of Them, 2nd edition, with
+              considerable additions
+
+Author: Samuel Felton
+
+Release Date: June 13, 2008 [EBook #25773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH AUTHORS ON GARDENING ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>ON</h4>
+
+<h1>THE PORTRAITS</h1>
+
+<h4>OF</h4>
+
+<h2>English Authors on Gardening,</h2>
+
+<h4>WITH</h4>
+
+<h3>BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THEM.</h3>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Lately published, by the same Author, price 3s.</i><br />
+
+GLEANINGS ON GARDENS;<br />
+
+Chiefly respecting those of the Ancient Style in England.<br /><br />
+
+PRINTED BY LOWE AND HARVEY, PLAYHOUSE YARD, BLACKFRIARS.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<h4>ON THE</h4>
+
+<h1>PORTRAITS</h1>
+
+<h4>OF</h4>
+
+<h3>ENGLISH</h3>
+
+<h2>AUTHORS ON GARDENING,</h2>
+
+<h4>WITH</h4>
+
+<h3>BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.</h3>
+
+<div class="cpoem">
+<p><i>Your painting is almost the natural man.&mdash;Timon of Athens.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles.&mdash;Winter's Tale.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>I will make a prief of it in my note-book.&mdash;M. W. of Windsor.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+<h2>BY S. FELTON.</h2>
+
+<p class="center">SECOND EDITION,<br />WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 172px;">
+<img src="images/003.jpg" width="172" height="200" alt="" title="decoration" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="center">LONDON: 1830.<br />
+
+PUBLISHED BY EFFINGHAM WILSON, ROYAL EXCHANGE; AND JOSEPH<br />ONWHYN,
+CATHARINE STREET, STRAND.</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE.</h2>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p>
+<p>The following pages apply only to those English writers on gardening who
+are deceased. That there have been portraits taken of <i>some</i> of those
+sixty-nine English writers, whose names first occur in the following
+pages, there can be no doubt; and those portraits may yet be with their
+surviving relatives or descendants. I am not so presumptuous as to apply
+to the following most slight memorials, some of which relate to very
+obscure persons, who claimed neither "the boast of heraldry, nor the
+pomp of power," but whose</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 11em;">&mdash;&mdash;useful toil,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Their homely joys and destiny obscure</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>benefited society by their honest labour;&mdash;I am not so vain as to apply
+to these, any part of the high testimony which Sir Walter Scott has so
+justly paid to the merit of Mr. Lodge's truly splendid work of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>
+portraits of celebrated personages of English history. I can only take
+leave to disjoint, or to dislocate, or copy, a very few of his words,
+and to apply them to the following scanty pages, as it must be
+interesting to have exhibited before our eyes <i>our fathers as they
+lived</i>, accompanied with such memorials of their lives and characters,
+as enable us to compare their persons and countenances with their
+sentiments:&mdash;portraits shewing us how "our ancestors looked, moved, and
+dressed,"&mdash;as the pen informs us "how they thought, acted, lived and
+died." One cannot help feeling kindness for the memories of those whose
+writings have pleased us.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
+
+<p>What native of the county of Hereford, but must wish to see their
+town-hall ornamented with a life-breathing portrait of Dr. Beale,
+embodying, as it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span> were, in the resemblance of the individual, (to use
+the words of a most eloquent person on another occasion), "his spirit,
+his feelings, and his character?" Or what elegant scholar but must wish
+to view the resemblance of the almost unknown Thomas Whately, Esq., or
+that of the Rev. William Gilpin, whose vivid pen (like that of the late
+Sir Uvedale Price), has "realized painting," and enchained his readers
+to the rich scenes of nature?</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Johnson calls portrait painting "that art which is employed in
+diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead."</p>
+
+<p>The horticultural intercourse that now passes between England and
+France, induces one to express a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span> wish, that the portraits of many of
+those delightful writers on this science, whose pens have adorned
+France, (justly termed from its climate <i>la terre classique
+d'horticulture</i>), were selected and engraved; for many of their
+portraits have never yet been engraved. If this selection were
+accompanied with a few brief notices of them and their works, it would
+induce many in this country to peruse some of the most fascinating
+productions that ever issued from the press. Amongst so many, whose
+portraits and memoirs would interest us, I will mention those of
+Champier, who distinguished himself at the battle of Aignadel, and who
+published at Lyons, in 1533, Campus Elisius Galli&aelig; amenitate referens;
+Charles Etienne, who, in 1529, produced his Pr&aelig;dium Rusticum; and who
+with Leibault published the Maison Rustique, of which upwards of thirty
+editions have been published, (and which our Gervase Markham calls <i>a
+work of infinite excellencie</i>); Paulmier de Grenlemesnil, a most
+estimable man, physician to Charles IX., and who died at Caen in 1588,
+and wrote a treatise de Vino et Pomaceo; and the only act of whose long
+life that one regrets is, that his great skill was the means of
+re-establishing the health of Charles, who, with his mother, directed
+the horrid Massacre of St. Bartholomew; Cousin, who died in the prison
+of Besan&ccedil;on, and wrote De Hortorum laudibus; that patriarch of
+agriculture and of horticulture, Olivier de Serres, whose sage and
+philosophic mind composed a work rich with the most profound
+reflections, and whose genius and merit were so warmly patronized by
+"le<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span> bon Henri," and no less by Sully;<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> Boyceau, intendant of the
+gardens of Louis XIII., who, in 1638, published Trait&eacute; du Jardinage,
+selon les raisons de la nature, et de l'art, avec divers desseins de
+parterres, pelouses, bosquets, &amp;c.; Andr&eacute; Mollet, who wrote Le Jardin de
+plaisir, &amp;c.; Claude Mollet, head gardener to Henry IV. and Louis XIII.,
+who, in 1595, planted the gardens of Saint Germain-en-laye, Mon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a></span>ceau,
+and Fontainbleau, and whose name and memory (as Mr. Loudon observes),
+has been too much forgotten; Bornefond, author of Jardinier Fran&ccedil;ois, et
+d&eacute;lices de la campagne; Louis Liger, of consummate experience in the
+florist's art, "auteur d'un grand nombre d'ouvrages sur l'agriculture,
+et le jardinage," and one of whose works was thought not unworthy of
+being revised by London and Wise, and of whose<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span> interesting works the
+Biographie Universelle (in 52 tomes) gives a long list, and mentions the
+great sale which his Jardinier fleuriste once had; Morin, the florist,
+mentioned by Evelyn, and whose garden contained ten thousand tulips; the
+justly celebrated Jean de la Quintinye, whose precepts, says Voltaire,
+have been followed by all Europe, and his abilities magnificently
+rewarded by Louis; Le N&ocirc;tre, the most celebrated gardener (to use Mr.
+Loudon's words) that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span> perhaps ever existed, and of whom the Biographie
+Univer. observes, that whatever might have been the changes introduced
+in whatever Le N&ocirc;tre cultivated, "il seroit difficile de mettre plus de
+grandeur et de noblesse;"<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> Charles Riviere du Fresnoy "qu'il joignot a
+un go&ucirc;t g&eacute;n&eacute;ral pour tous les arts, des talens particuliers pour la
+musique et le dessein. Il excelloit sur-tout dans l'art de destribuer
+les jardins. Il publia plusieurs <i>Chansons et les Amusemens serieux et
+comiques</i>: petit ouvrage souvens re-imprim&eacute; et pleins de peintures vives
+et plaisantes, de la plupart des &eacute;tats de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[Pg xiii]</a></span> la vie. On remarques dans
+touts ses productions une imagination enjou&eacute;e et singuliere;"
+Pontchasteau, who wrote on the cultivation of fruit trees, whose
+penitence and devotion were so severely austere, and whose very singular
+history is given us in the interesting "Lettres de Madame la Comtesse de
+la Riviere;" Linant, to whom Voltaire was a warm protector and friend,
+and who, in 1745, wrote his poem Sur la Perfection des Jardins, sous la
+regne de Louis XIV.; and of whom it was said that "les qualit&eacute;s du
+c&oelig;ur ne le caract&eacute;risoient pas moins que celles de l'esprit;" Le Pere
+Rapin;<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> D'Argenville; Le Maistre, curate of Joinville, who in 1719
+added to his "Fruitier de la France," "Une Dissertation historique sur
+l'origine et les progr&eacute;s des Jardins; Vaniere, who wrote the Pr&aelig;dium
+Rusticum;<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> Arnauld d'Andilli, in so many respects rendered
+illustrious, who retired to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[Pg xiv]</a></span> the convent of Port Royal, (that divine
+solitude, where the whole country for a league round breathed the air of
+virtue and holiness, to quote Mad. de Sevign&eacute;'s words), and who sent
+each year to the queen some of that choice fruit which he there with
+such zeal cultivated, and which Mazarin "appelloit en riant des fruits
+b&eacute;nis." This good man died at the age of eighty-six, and the letter of
+Mad. de Sevign&eacute;, of the date of Sept. 23, 1671, will alone consign him
+to the respect of future ages;<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> Jean Paul de Ardenne, superior of the
+congregation of the oratory of Marseilles, one of the most famous
+florists of the period in which he lived, and who devoted great part of
+his time in deeds of charity; Francis Bertrand, who, in 1757, published
+Ruris delic&aelig;, being poems from Tibullus, Claudian, Horace, and from many
+French writers, on the pleasures of the country; Mons. de Chabanon;
+Morel, who assisted in laying out Ermenonville, and who wrote, among
+other works, Th&eacute;orie des Jardins, ou l'art des Jardins de la Nature; the
+animated Prevost; Gouges de Cessieres, who wrote Les Jardins d'Ornament,
+ou les Georgiques Francoises; he, too, whom the Prince de Ligne calls</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<i>enchanteur</i> De Lille!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>O</i> Virgile <i>moderne</i>!</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>and whose generous invocation to the memory of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[Pg xv]</a></span> Captain Cook must endear
+his name to every Englishman;<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> the Viscount Girardin, who wrote De la
+Composition des Paysages, who buried Rousseau in his garden at
+Ermenonville, and who kept a band of musicians to perambulate those
+charming grounds, performing concerts sometimes in the woods, and at
+other times on the water, and at night in a room adjoining his hall of
+company;<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> the venerable Malherbes,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[Pg xvi]</a></span> the undaunted defender of the
+oppressed, who throughout his life lost no opportunity of drying up the
+tears of the afflicted, and never caused one to flow; whose whole life
+had been consecrated to the happiness of his fellow-creatures and the
+dignity of his country, but whose spotless reputation could not save him
+from the guillotine at his age of seventy-two;<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> Schabol; Latapie, who
+translated Whately's Observations on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[Pg xvii]</a></span> Modern Gardening, to which he
+added a discourse on the origin of the art, &amp;c.; Watelet, who wrote
+Essai sur les Jardins, and whose name has given rise to some most
+charming lines in De Lille's poem, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[Pg xviii]</a></span> whose biography is interestingly
+drawn in the Biog. Univers.; Lezay de Marnesia, whose poems de la Nature
+Champ&ecirc;tre, and le Bonheur dans les Campagnes, have passed through many
+editions, and of whom pleasing mention is made in the above Biog.
+Univers.; M. de Fontaine, author of Le Verger; Masson de Blamont, the
+translator of Mason's Garden, and Whately's Observations; Fran&ccedil;ois
+Rosier; Bertholan, the friend of Franklin.</p>
+
+<p>I am indebted, in a great measure, for the above list of French authors,
+to that immense body of diffuse and elaborate information, the
+Encyclop&aelig;dia of Gardening, by Mr. Loudon.</p>
+
+<p>Those who are more conversant with the literature of France, than my
+very limited researches have extended to, can, no doubt, easily
+enumerate many very distinguished persons of that country, many talented
+men, who though they may not have written on the subject of gardens, yet
+evinced an ardent attachment to them, and became their munificent
+patrons. Let us not then omit the name of Charles the Great, or
+Charlemagne, in one of whose Capitulaires are <i>Directions concerning
+Gardens, and what plants are best to set in them</i>. He died in 814, after
+reigning forty-seven years over France: "Quoiqu'il ne s&ucirc;t pas &eacute;criere
+(says the Nouv. Diet. Hist.), il fit fleurer les sciences. Aussi grand
+par ses conqu&ecirc;tes, que par l'amour des lettres, et en fut le protecteur
+et la restaurateur. Son palais fut l'asyle des sciences. Le nom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[Pg xix]</a></span> de ce
+conqu&eacute;rant et de cet l&eacute;gislateur remplit la terre. Tout fut uni par le
+force de son g&eacute;nie." De Sismondi calls him "a brilliant star in that
+dark firmament." Mr. Loudon, in p. 40 of his Encyclop&aelig;dia, says, that
+"The Abb&eacute; Schmidt informs us (<i>Mag. Encyc.</i>) that this monarch, who had
+domains in every part of France, gave the greatest encouragement to the
+eradication of forests, and the substitution of orchards and vineyards.
+He was on terms of friendship with the Saracenic prince Haroun al
+Raschid, and by that means procured for France the best sorts of pulse,
+melons, peaches, figs, and other fruits."</p>
+
+<p>Francis I. when he built his palace at Fontainbleau, introduced into its
+gardens, much of what he had seen in those of Italy, and when he
+completed St. Germains, its style of grandeur may be guessed at from its
+rocks, cascades, terraces and subterraneous grots.</p>
+
+<p>Henry IV.'s attachment to agriculture and to gardens, is well known. The
+magnificent improvements he made at St. Germains, and the attention he
+paid to his gardens at la Fleche, Vendome, and the Thuilleries, shew
+this. Indeed, his employing Claude Mollet, and Jean Robin, are
+sufficient proofs.<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xx" id="Page_xx">[Pg xx]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Louis XIV. magnificently rewarded La Quintinye, that original writer,
+who conducted the fine gardens of Tambourneau, and whose precepts Mons.
+de Voltaire tells us were followed by all Europe. The zeal of Louis for
+the decorations of gardens, met with an able assistant when he
+patronized Le N&ocirc;tre, to do justice to whose name, I can only refer my
+reader to the concise but rich review of the grand efforts of this
+singular genius, as they are noticed in p. 35 of Mr. Loudon's
+Encyclop&aelig;dia, and which "dazzled and enchanted every class of
+observers."<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a></p>
+
+<p>Madame de Sevign&eacute;'s delight in gardens pervades<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[Pg xxi]</a></span> many of her letters:
+that of July 1677, paints the charms which one in Paris gave her: "I was
+invited in the kindest manner possible to sup at Gourville's with Mad.
+de Scomberg, Mad. de Frontenac, Mad. de Coulanges, the Duke, M. de la
+Rochefoucault, Barillon, Briole, Coulanges, Sevign&eacute;, in a garden of the
+hotel de Cond&eacute;; there were water-works, bowers, terraces, six hautboys,
+six violins, and the most melodious flutes; a supper which seemed to be
+prepared by enchantment, an admirable bass-viol, and a resplendent moon,
+which witnessed all our pleasures." Of her own garden, formed by her own
+pure taste, M. de Coulanges thus speaks: "I have spent a most delightful
+fortnight here. It is impossible sufficiently to praise the gardens of
+the <i>Rocks</i>; they would have their beauties even at Versailles, which is
+saying every thing." And that she delighted in what she well knew how to
+describe, is evident from her letter from <i>Chaulnes</i>: "This is a very
+handsome house, which carries with it an air of grandeur, though it is
+partly unfurnished, and the gardens neglected. There is scarcely any
+verdure to be seen, and not a nightingale to be heard; in short, it is
+still winter, on the seventeenth of April. But it is easy to imagine the
+beauties of these walks; every thing is regular and magnificent; a
+spacious parterre in front, bowling-greens opposite the wings, a large
+playing fountain in the parterre, two in the bowling-greens, and another
+at a distance in the middle of a field, which is well named <i>the
+solitary</i>; a fine country, beautiful apartments, and a pleasant
+prospect, though flat." She in another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[Pg xxii]</a></span> letter from <i>Chaulnes</i> says; "I
+was walking alone the other day, in these beautiful alleys." And in a
+subsequent one she says: "It is a pity to be obliged to quit so
+beautiful and so charming a place." Her frequent mention in her letters
+of <i>my pretty walks</i> at the <i>Rocks</i>, sufficiently paints her delight in
+her own garden. In compliment to this lady, I cannot help applying to
+her the exact words which Petrarch applies to Laura: <i>une haute
+intelligence, un c&oelig;ur pure, qui a la sagesse de l'&acirc;ge avanc&eacute;, ait le
+brilliant de la belle jeunesse</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Few passed more happy hours in their garden at <i>Baville</i>, than the
+illustrious Lamoignon, of whom it was said, that "Son ame &eacute;galoit son
+g&eacute;nie; simple dans ses m&oelig;urs, austere dans sa conduite, il &eacute;toit le
+plus doux des hommes, quand la veuve et l'orphein &eacute;toient &agrave; ses pieds,
+<i>Boileau</i>, <i>Racine</i>, <i>Bourdaloue</i>, <i>Rapin</i>, composoit sa petite
+cour,"&mdash;and whom Rapin invokes, not only in his poem on gardens,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>My flowers aspiring round your brows shall twine,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And in immortal wreaths, shall all their beauties join;</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>but in his letters, preserved with those of Rabutin de Bussy, he paints
+in high terms the name of Lamoignon, and frequently dwells on his
+retreat at <i>Baville</i>. Mons. Rab. de Bussy, in a letter to Rapin, says:
+"Que Je vous trouve heureux d'avoir deux mois &agrave; passer &agrave; <i>Baville</i>, avec
+Mons. le presidant! Il est admirable &agrave; Paris; mais il est aimable &agrave; sa
+maison de campagne, et vous savez qu'on a plus de plaisir &agrave;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[Pg xxiii]</a></span> aimer qu'&agrave;
+admirer." On his death, Rapin thus speaks of him: "Il n'y eut jamais une
+plus belle ame jointe &agrave; un plus bel esprit. Le plus grand de tous les
+&eacute;loges est, que le peuple l'a pleur&eacute;; et chacun s'est plaint de sa mort
+comme de la perte d'un ami, ou de celle d'un bienfacteur."</p>
+
+<p>The name of Boileau is too interesting to be overlooked. Many of his
+letters and pages discover the delight he took in his garden at
+<i>Auteuil</i>. In his epistle to <i>Lamoignon</i>, he describes his seat there as
+his "bless'd abode," his "dear delicious shades," and he then paints the
+pleasures of his country seat:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Give me these shades, these forests, and these fields,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And the soft sweets that rural quiet yields;</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Oh, leave me to the fresh, the fragrant breeze,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And let me here awhile enjoy my ease.</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Let me Pomona's plenteous blessings crop,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And see rich autumn's ripen'd burden drop,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Till Bacchus with full clusters crowns the year,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And gladdens with his load the vintager.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>His celebrated epistle to <i>Anthony</i>, his old gardener, not only shews
+the kind master, but his own love to his garden. I cannot refrain from
+quoting a few lines from Lempriere: "As a poet, Boilieu has deservedly
+obtained the applauses of every man of genius and taste. Not only his
+countrymen boast of the superior effusions of his muse, but foreigners
+feel and admire the graces, the strength and harmony of his verse, and
+that delicacy of satire, and energy of style, by which he raised himself
+to immortality." Another of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[Pg xxiv]</a></span> his biographers says: "La religion, qui
+&eacute;claira ses derniers momens, avoit anim&eacute; toute sa vie." The author of
+the Pursuits of Literature thus speaks of him: "The most perfect of all
+modern writers, in true taste and judgment. His sagacity was unerring;
+he combined every ancient excellence, and appears original even in the
+adoption of acknowledged thoughts and allusions. He is the just and
+adequate representative of Horace, Juvenal, and Perseus, united, without
+one indecent blemish; and for my own part, I have always considered him
+as the most finished gentleman that ever wrote." In his Life, translated
+by Ozell, we are told, that "he was full of sentiments of humanity,
+mildness, and justice. He censured vice, and sharply attacked the bad
+taste of his time, without one spark of envy, or calumny. Whatever
+shocked truth, raised in him an indignation which he could not master,
+and which accounts for that energy and fire which pervades his satires.
+The sight of any learned man in want, made him so uneasy, that he could
+not forbear lending money. His good nature and justice did farther
+appear in his manner of recompensing his domestics, and by his
+liberality to the poor. He gave by his will fifty thousand livres to the
+small parishes adjoining the church of Notre Dame; ten thousand livres
+to his valet de chambre, and five thousand to an old woman who had
+served him a long time. But he was not contented to bestow his
+benevolence at his death, and when he was no longer in a condition of
+enjoying his estate himself, he was, all his life long, studious in
+seeking opportunities of doing good of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">[Pg xxv]</a></span>fices." Part of this is confirmed
+by another biographer: "Une pi&eacute;t&eacute; sincere, une foi vive et une charit&eacute;
+si grande, qu'elle ne lui a presque fait reconnoitre d'autres h&eacute;ritiers
+que les pauvres." The Lettres of Mad. la Comtesse de la Riviere, and
+those of de Sevign&eacute;, frequently mention the charm which attended the
+visits of Boileau.<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> Rabutin du Bussy thus speaks of him, in a letter
+to the Pere Rapin, after eulogizing Moliere: "Despr&eacute;aux est encore
+merveilleuse; personne ne'crit avec plus de puret&eacute;; ses pens&eacute;es sont
+fortes, et ce qui m'en plait, toujours vraies."</p>
+
+<p>The above is a very cursory and brief allusion to what might be gathered
+respecting those superb gardens in France, whose costly and magnificent
+decorations so charmed many of our English nobility and gentry, when
+travelling there, during the periods of Charles II., James II., William,
+Anne, and during subsequent reigns. One need recur only to a very few,
+as to Rose, who was sent there by Lord Essex, to view Versailles; to
+George London, who was commissioned to go there, not only by the same
+Rose,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">[Pg xxvi]</a></span> but who afterwards accompanied the Earl of Portland, King
+William's ambassador; but to Evelyn, Addison, Dr. Lister, Kent, when he
+accompanied Lord Burlington through France to Italy; to the Earl of Cork
+and Orrery (the translator of Pliny's Letters), whose gardens at
+<i>Marston</i>, and at <i>Caledon</i>, and whose letters from Italy, all shew the
+eagerness with which he must have viewed the gardens of France, when
+passing through the provinces towards Florence; to Ray, Lady M. W.
+Montague, Bolingbroke, Peterborough, Smollet, John Wilks, John Horne
+(when he met Mr. Sterne, or designed to meet him, at <i>Toulouse</i>), to
+Gray, Walpole, R. P. Knight, who must have passed through the rich
+provinces of France, as, in his work on Taste, he speaks of "terraces
+and borders intermixed with vines and flowers, (<i>as I have seen them in
+Italian villas</i>, and in some old English gardens in the same style),
+where the mixture of splendour, richness, and neatness, was beautiful
+and pleasing in the highest degree;" and to the lately deceased Sir U.
+Price, who must also have passed through France, to view (with the
+eagerness with which he did view) the rich and magnificently decorated
+gardens of Italy, "aided with the splendour and magnificence of art,"
+their ballustrades, their fountains, basons, vases and statues, and
+which he dwells on in his Essays with the same enthusiasm as when he
+there contemplated the works of Titian, Paul Veronese, and other great
+masters. Indeed, those pages where he regrets the demolition of many of
+our old English gardens, and when he dwells on the probability that even
+Raphael, Giulio<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">[Pg xxvii]</a></span> Romano, and M. Angelo, (which last planted the famous
+cypresses in the garden of the Villa d'Este) were consulted on the
+decorations of some of the old Italian ones; these pages at once shew
+the fascinating charms of his classic pen.<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p>
+
+<p>England can boast too of very great names, who have been attached to
+this art, and most zealously patronized it, though they have not written
+on the subject:&mdash;Lord Burleigh, Lord Hudson, Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord
+Capell, who honoured himself by several years correspondence with La
+Quintinye; William the Third,&mdash;for Switzer tells us, that "in the least
+interval of ease, gardening took up a greater part of his time, in which
+he was not only a delighter, but likewise a great judge,"&mdash;the Earl of
+Essex, whom the mild and benevolent Lord William Russell said "was the
+worthiest, the justest, the sincerest, and the most concerned for the
+public, of any man he ever knew;" Lord William Russell himself, too, on
+whom Thomson says,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Bring every sweetest flower, and let me strew</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>The grave where Russell lies</i>,</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>whose fall Switzer feelingly laments, as one of the best of masters, and
+encouragers of arts and sciences,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[Pg xxviii]</a></span> particularly gardening, that that age
+produced, and who "made <i>Stratton</i>, about seven miles from Winchester,
+his seat, and his gardens there some of the best that were made in those
+early days, such indeed as have mocked some that have been done since;
+and the gardens of Southampton House, in Bloomsbury Square, were also of
+his making;" the generous friend of this Lord William Russell, the manly
+and patriotic Duke of Devonshire, who erected <i>Chatsworth</i>, that noble
+specimen of a magnificent spirit;<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> Henry Earl of Danby, the Duke of
+Argyle, beheaded in 1685, for having supported the rebellion of
+Monmouth; the Earl of Halifax, the friend of Addison, Swift, Pope, and
+Steele, and on whom a funeral poem thus speaks,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>In the rich furniture of whose fair mind,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Those dazzling intellectual graces shin'd,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>That drew the love and homage of mankind.</i><a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Lord Weymouth; Dr. Sherard of Eltham; Collinson, "to whose name is
+attached all that respect which is due to benevolence and virtue;"
+Grindal, Bishop of London, who cultivated with great success the vine
+and other productions of his garden at Fulham; Compton, Bishop of
+London, eminent, as Mr. Falconer in his Fulham observes, for his
+unbounded charity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">[Pg xxix]</a></span> and beneficence, and who was so struck with the
+genius, the learning, and probity of Mr. Ray, that he was almost at the
+entire charge of erecting the monument to him; the Earl of Scarborough,
+an accomplished nobleman, immortalized by the enchanting pen of Pope,
+and the fine pen of Chesterfield; the Earl of Gainsborough; the great
+Chatham, whose taste in the embellishment of rural nature has been
+exultingly acknowledged by Mr. Walpole, and by George Mason;<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> with
+numerous other men of rank<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxx" id="Page_xxx">[Pg xxx]</a></span> and science.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> These have highly assisted
+in elevating gardening to the rank it has long since held, and has
+allured multitudes to this delightful science:&mdash;no wonder, when <i>Homer</i>
+<b>writeth how</b> <i>Laertes</i> <b>the olde man, was wont with his travaile in his
+Orchards, to drive from his minde the sorrow hee tooke for the absence
+of his sonne</b>. When old Gerarde asks his <i>courteous and well-willing
+readers</i>&mdash;"whither do all men walk for their honest recreation, but
+where the earth hath most beneficially painted her face with flourishing
+colours? and what season of the year more longed for than the spring,
+whose gentle breath enticeth forth the kindly sweets, and makes them
+yield their fragrant smells?" When the Lord Chancellor Bacon declares a
+garden "is the purest of human pleasures; it is the greatest refreshment
+to the spirits of man:" and when this wonderfully gifted man thus fondly
+dwells on part of its allurements;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">[Pg xxxi]</a></span>&mdash;"the breath of flowers is far
+sweeter in the air (where it comes and goes like the warbling of music),
+than in the hand; therefore, nothing is more fit for that delight, than
+to know what be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air; the
+flower, which above all others yields the sweetest smell in the air, is
+the violet;<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> next to that is the musk rose, then the
+strawberry-leaves, dying with a most-excellent cordial smell; then sweet
+briar, then wall-flowers, which are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">[Pg xxxii]</a></span> very delightful to be set under a
+parlour, or lower chamber window; but those which perfume the air most
+delightfully, not passed by as the rest, but being trodden upon and
+crushed, are three&mdash;that is, burnet, wild thyme, and water-mints;
+therefore you are to set whole alleys of them, to have the pleasure when
+you walk or tread."<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> Or when Mr. Evelyn, in the joy of his
+enthusiasm, exultingly transposed from Virgil:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O fortunatos nimium, bona si sua norint</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Horticulas</i>!</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>and who declared, that the employ and felicity of an excellent gardener
+was preferable to all other diversions. When Mr. Addison says that a
+garden "fills the mind with calmness and tranquillity, and lays all its
+turbulent passions at rest." When Sir William Temple (who infused into
+his writings the graces of some of the best writers of ancient times),
+thus allures his readers: "<i>Epicurus</i>, whose admirable wit, felicity of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">[Pg xxxiii]</a></span>
+expression, excellence of nature, sweetness of conversation, temperance
+of life, and constancy of death, made him so beloved by his friends,
+admired by his scholars, and honoured by the Athenians, passed his time
+wholly in his garden; there he studied, there he exercised, there he
+taught his philosophy; and indeed no other sort of abode seems to
+contribute so much to both the tranquillity of mind, and indolence of
+body, which he made his chief ends. The sweetness of air, the
+pleasantness of smells, the verdure of plants, the cleanness and
+lightness of food, the exercises of working or walking; but above all,
+the exemption from cares and solitude, seem equally to favour and
+improve both contemplation and health, the enjoyment of sense and
+imagination, and thereby the quiet and ease both of the body and mind."
+When the industrious Switzer says:&mdash;"'Tis in the quiet enjoyment of
+rural delights, the refreshing and odoriferous breezes of garden air,
+that the deluge of vapours, and those terrors of hypochondraism, which
+crowd and oppress the head are dispelled." When the industrious and
+philosophic Bradley observes, that "though the trouble of the mind wears
+and destroys the constitution even of the most healthful body, all kinds
+of gardens contribute to health." When Pope,<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> who loved to breathe
+the sweet and fragrant air of gardens, in one of his letters says, "I am
+in my garden, amused and easy; this is a scene where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxiv" id="Page_xxxiv">[Pg xxxiv]</a></span> one finds no
+disappointment." When that "universally esteemed and beloved man," the
+Prince de Ligne, declares, "Je voudrois &eacute;chauffer tout l'univers de mon
+g&ocirc;ut pour les jardins. Il me semble qu'il est impossible, qu'un mechant
+puisse l'avoir. Il n'est point de vertus que Je ne suppose &agrave; celui qui
+aime &agrave; parler et &agrave; faire des jardins. P&eacute;res de famille, inspirez la
+jardinomanie &agrave; vos enfans.<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> When a taste for gardening (as Mr. Cobbet
+observes) "is much more innocent, more pleasant, more free from
+temptation to cost, than any other; so pleasant in itself! It is
+con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">[Pg xxxv]</a></span>ducive to health, by means of the irresistible temptation which it
+offers to early rising; it tends to turn the minds of youth from
+amusements and attachments of a frivolous or vicious nature; it is a
+taste which is indulged at home; it tends to make home pleasant, and to
+endear us to the spot on which it is our lot to live." When Mr. Johnson
+forcibly paints the allurements to a love for this art, when concluding
+his energetic volume on gardening, by quoting from Socrates, that "it is
+the source of health, strength, plenty, riches, and of a thousand sober
+delights and honest pleasures."&mdash;And from Lord Verulam, that amid its
+scenes and pursuits, "life flows pure, and the heart more calmly beats."
+And when M. le V. H. de Thury, pr&eacute;sident de la Soci&eacute;t&eacute; d'Horticulture de
+Paris, in his Discours d'Installation says: "Dans tous les temps et dans
+tous les pays, les hommes les plus c&eacute;l&egrave;bres, les plus grands capitaines,
+les princes, et les rois, se sont livr&eacute;s avec d&eacute;lices, et souvent avec
+passion, &agrave; la culture des plantes et des jardins." And among other
+instances he cites "Descartes, qui se livrait avec une &eacute;gale ardeur &agrave; la
+science des astres et &agrave; la culture des fleurs de son jardin, et qui
+souvent, la nuit, quittait ses observations c&eacute;lestes pour &eacute;tudier le
+sommeil et la floraison de ses plantes avant le lever du soliel."<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>
+Petrarch, too, who has enchanted every<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">[Pg xxxvi]</a></span> nation and every age, from his
+endeared Vaucluse, thus speaks of his garden: "I have formed two; I do
+not imagine they are to be equalled in all the world: I should feel
+myself inclined to be angry with fortune, if there were any so beautiful
+out of Italy. I have store of pleasant green walks, with trees shadowing
+them most sweetly." Indeed, what Cicero applies to another science, may
+well apply to horticulture: "nihil est <i>agricultur&aelig;</i> melius, nihil
+uberius, nihil dulcius, nihil homine, nihil libero dignius." Let me
+close with a most brilliant name;&mdash;the last resource in the <i>Candide</i> of
+Voltaire is,&mdash;<i>cultivate your garden</i>.</p>
+
+<p>In my transient review of the gardens of ancient times, at the
+commencement of the following work, I have not even glanced at those of
+the <i>Saxons</i>, in this island; when one should have thought that the
+majestic name of <span class="smcap">Alfred</span> alone, would have made a search of this nature
+interesting, even if such search were unavailing. I have also
+inadvertently omitted any allusion to those of the <i>Danes</i> and the
+<i>Normans</i>. I have only then now to say, that Mr. Johnson's researches,
+as to these gardens, in pp. 31, 37, 38, 39<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">[Pg xxxvii]</a></span> and 40 of his lately
+published History of English Gardening, with his elegant language and
+the flow of sentiment that pervades those pages, would make any search
+or review of mine presumptuous. In those pages, he dwells on the
+tendency which the then introduction of the christian religion had to
+soften the manners of the people, and by thus rendering them more
+domestic, gardening became an art congenial to their feelings; and
+whilst the country at large was devastated by war, the property of the
+religious establishments was held sacred, and varieties of vegetables
+preserved, which otherwise would soon have become extinct, if cultivated
+in less hallowed ground. He then traces the existence of many gardens,
+orchards, and vineyards, belonging to our monasteries, proving, that
+even in the time of the <i>Danes</i>, horticulture continued "silently to
+advance," and that at the time of the arrival of the <i>Normans</i>, gardens
+were generally in the possession of the laity, as well as of the
+ecclesiastics; and he refers to Doomsday Book for his assertion, that
+"there is no reason to doubt, that at this period, every house, from the
+palace to the cottage, was possessed of a garden of some size." He
+concludes with interesting references to the gardens, vineyards, and
+orchards, of the Abbot of Ely and other monks.</p>
+
+<p>The above work of Mr. Johnson's is the result of original thought, and
+of an ardent and extended scientific research. Mine is a compilation,
+"made with a pair of scissors," to copy the words of Mr. Mathias, which
+he applies to a certain edition of Pope.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">[Pg xxxviii]</a></span> I content myself, however, with
+the reflection of Mr. Walpole, that "they who cannot perform great
+things themselves, may yet have a satisfaction in doing justice to those
+who can."</p>
+
+<p>Having alluded at pp. 71 and 120 to Dr. Alison, and having given at p.
+211 Dr. Dibdin's tribute to him, I cannot omit reminding my reader, that
+the graceful language, the sublime and solemn thoughts, which this
+admirable divine has transfused into many of his Sermons on the Seasons,
+make one doubly feel the truth and propriety with which he has so
+liberally reviewed Mr. Whately's <i>Observations on Modern Gardening</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/fig038-300dpi.jpg" width="500" height="550" alt="" title="chap end decoration" />
+</div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+
+<h4>ON</h4>
+<h2>THE PORTRAITS</h2>
+<h4>OF</h4>
+<h2>English Authors on Gardening.</h2>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<p>The earliest accounts we have of gardens, are those recorded in Holy
+Writ; their antiquity, therefore, appears coeval with that of time
+itself. The Garden in Eden had every tree good for food, or pleasant to
+the sight. Noah planted a Vineyard. Solomon, in the true spirit of
+horticultural zeal, says, <i>I planted me Vineyards, I made me Gardens and
+Orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of fruit</i>. We have
+all heard of the grandeur of Nebuchadnezzar's Gardens.</p>
+
+<p>Whether that of Alcinous was fabulous or not, it gave rise to Homer's
+lofty strains:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The balmy spirit of the western gale</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Eternal breathes on flowers untaught to fail;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The same mild season gives the blooms to blow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The buds to harden, and the fruit to grow.<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>That Homer was all alive to the rich scenery of nature, is evident, even
+from his Calypso's Cave:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All o'er the cavern'd rock a sprouting vine</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Laid forth ripe clusters. Hence four limpid founts</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nigh to each other ran, in rills distinct,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Huddling along with many a playful maze.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Around them the soft meads profusely bloom'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fresh violets and balms.<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The Egyptians, the Persians, and other remote nations, prided themselves
+on their magnificent gardens. Diodorus Siculus mentions one "enriched
+with palm trees, and vines, and every kind of delicious fruit, by
+flowery lawns and planes, and cypresses of stupendous magnitude, with
+thickets of myrtle, and laurel, and bay." He paints too the attachment
+which some of the ancients had to landscape scenery:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">None of art's works, but prodigally strown</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">By nature, with her negligence divine.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The splendid gardens at Damascus, were superintended by a native of
+Malaga, who "traversed the burning sands of Africa, for the purpose of
+describing such vegetables as could support the fervid heat of that
+climate." The cities of Samarcand, Balckd, Ispahan, and Bagdad, were
+enveloped and surrounded by luxurious and splendid gardens. No wonder
+when those countries were partly governed by such celebrated men as
+Haroun-al-Raschid, and his son Al-Mamoun, the generous protectors of
+Arabian literature,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> and which son (about the year 813) has been justly
+termed the <i>Augustus</i> of Bagdad. "Study, books, and men of letters, (I
+am quoting the eloquent pages of De Sismondi <i>On the Literature of the
+Arabians</i>,) almost entirely engrossed his attention. Hundreds of camels
+might be seen entering Bagdad loaded with nothing but manuscripts and
+papers. Masters, instructors, translators, and commentators, formed the
+court of Al-Mamoun, which appeared rather to be a learned academy than
+the centre of government in a warlike empire."</p>
+
+<p>The gardens of Epicurus, and of Pisistratus, Cimon, and Theophrastus,
+were the most famous of any in the Grecian empire. Those of Herculaneum
+may be seen in the 2nd vol. of the paintings found there. The luxurious
+gardens of the affluent Seneca, and the delight with which Cicero speaks
+of his paternal seat, (which enraptured his friend Atticus with its
+beauty,) and the romantic ones of Adrian, at Tivoli, and of Lucullus, of
+Sallust, of the rich and powerful Crassus, and of Pompey, shew the
+delight which the old Romans took in them. One may gather this also from
+Livy; and Virgil's energy of language warmly paints the</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">&mdash;&mdash;flowering pride</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of meads and streams that through the valleys glide.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A country cottage near a crystal flood,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A winding valley, and a lofty wood.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Leisure and calm in groves, and cooling vales;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Grottoes and babbling brooks, and darksome dales.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Messaline (says a translation of Tacitus) avoit une passion extreme pour
+les jardins de Lucullus, qu'il embellisoit superbement, ajo&ucirc;tant tous
+les jours quelque nouvelles beautez &agrave; cell&eacute;s qu'ils avoint receu&euml;s de
+leur premier maitre.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>We are reminded in a magic page of our own immortal poet, of those of
+Julius C&aelig;sar, and of</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 12.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;<i>his</i> walks,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His private arbours, and new-planted orchards,</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>when the noble Antony invokes the Romans to</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;kiss dead C&aelig;sar's wounds,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And dip their napkins in his sacred blood.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Horace's incomparable lines on the happiness and delight of a country
+life, his country granges, his woods, his garden, and his grove; and
+many of the other Roman writers, abundantly shew their attachment to
+gardens, as accompaniments to their splendid villas. There was scarcely
+a romantic valley that was not crowded with their villas.</p>
+
+<p>Martial and Juvenal ridicule the clipped box trees, cut dragons, and
+similar grotesque fancies, at some of their villas, both admiring the
+nobler grace with which nature adorned each spot.<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></p>
+
+<p>The Romans were perhaps the first who introduced that art into Britain,
+meagerly as they did introduce it. The earliest account I can find of an
+English writer on Gardening, is,</p>
+
+<p>Alfred, an <i>Englishman</i>, surnamed the Philosopher, much respected at
+Rome. He died 1270, and left four books on the Meteors of Aristotle;
+also one on <i>Vegetables</i>, and five<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> on the Consolations of Boethius. We
+are not <i>very</i> likely to discover <i>his</i> portrait. Nor that of the
+following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Henry Daniel</span>, a Dominican friar, said to be well skilled in the natural
+philosophy and physic of his time, left a manuscript inscribed <i>Aaron
+Danielis</i>. He therein treats De re Herbaria, de Arboribus, <i>Fructibus</i>,
+&amp;c. He flourished about the year 1379.&mdash;N. B. I have copied this article
+from Dr. Pulteney's Sketches, vol. 1, page 23.<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></p>
+
+<p>I believe there are no Portraits engraved, nor perhaps yet discovered,
+of the following sixty-nine persons; at least I know of none:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Richard Arnolde</span>, who in his Chronicle, printed in 1502, has a chapter on
+"The crafte of graffynge, and plantyne, and alterynge of fruyts, as well
+in colours, as in taste." The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> celebrated poem of the Nut-brown Maid
+first appeared in this Chronicle. Sir E. Brydges, in vol. 6 of his
+Censura Literaria, has transcribed the whole poem as it appears in
+Arnolde.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Tusser</span>, whose memory has had the felicity to merit the notice of
+Mr. Warton, in his History of English Poetry, from his having published
+his poem of "A Hundreth good Pointes of Husbandrie, imprinted at London,
+in Flete strete, within Temple barre, at the syne of the Hand and
+Starre, by Richard Totell, An. 1577." A copy of this first edition
+(probably unique) is preserved in the British Museum. A re-print of this
+singular literary rarity is given in Mr. Hazlewood's British
+Bibliographer. The subsequent editions of this curious book are
+interestingly enumerated by Mr. Mavor, in his edition of Tusser. No
+portrait I believe has been discovered of this benevolent man, whose
+good sense, impressive maxims, enlightened and philosophic turn of mind
+and feeling for the poor, shine through most pages of his poem:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What better bed than conscience good, to pass the night with sleep,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What better work, than daily care, from sin thyself to keep?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What better thought, than think on God, and daily him to serve,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What better gift than to the poor, that ready be to sterve?</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>His estimate of life is concise:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To death we must stoop, be we high, be we low,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But how and how suddenly few be that know;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What carry we then but a sheet to the grave,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(To cover this carcass) of all that we have?</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>His hospitable heart thus pleads for the desolate, during the
+festivities of Christmas, and his love of "mirth and good cheer" makes
+him not forget Harvests home:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At Christmas, the hardness of winter doth rage,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A griper of all things, and specially age;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Then sadly poor people, the young and the old,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Be sorest oppressed with hunger and cold.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At Christmas, by labour there's little to get,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That wanting&mdash;the poorest in danger are set:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What season then better, of all the whole year,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy needy, poor neighbour, to comfort and cheer.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At Christmas be merry, and thankful withal,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And feast thy poor neighbours, the great with the small:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Yea all the year long, to the poor let us give,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">God's blessing to follow us, whiles we do live.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In harvest time, harvest folk, servants and all</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Should make, all together, good cheer in the hall;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And fill out the black bowl of blythe to their song,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And let them be merry all harvest time long.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Once ended thy harvest, let none be beguil'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Please such as did help thee&mdash;man, woman, and child,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thus doing, with alway, such help as they can,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thou winnest the praise of the labouring man.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Now look up to God-ward, let tongue never cease</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In thanking of him, for his mighty increase,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Accept my good will&mdash;for a proof go and try;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The better thou thrivest, the gladder am I.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Tusser died about the year 1583, aged about sixty-five, and is buried in
+St. Mildred's church, in the Poultry. His epitaph is preserved in
+Stowe's Survey of London; and (as Mr. Mavor observes) it is perfectly in
+character with the man and his writings; and if conjecture may be
+allowed, was penned by himself:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Here Thomas Tusser, clad in earth, doth lie,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who sometime made the Points of Husbandry.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">By him then learn thou may'st. Here learn we must,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When all is done, we sleep and turn to dust.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And yet, through Christ, to heaven we hope to go:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who reads his books, shall find his faith was so.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>His book exhibits an authentic picture of the state of horticulture
+during the time of Mary, and Elizabeth; and, as Mr. Warton observes, his
+work "is valuable as a genuine picture of the agriculture, the rural
+arts, and the domestic &oelig;conomy and customs of our industrious
+ancestors."</p>
+
+<p>Walter Blith says of him:&mdash;"As for Master Tusser, who rimeth out of his
+experience, if thou delightest therein, thou mayst find things worthy
+thy observation."</p>
+
+<p>Sir John Hawkins, in his History of Music, thus writes:&mdash;"The life of
+this poor man was a series of misfortunes; and is a proof of the truth
+of that saying in Holy Scripture, that 'the battle is not to the strong,
+nor the race to the swift.' As to the Points of Husbandry, it is written
+in familiar verse, and abounds with many curious particulars, that
+bespeak the manners, the customs, and the modes of living in the
+country, from the year 1520 to about half a century after; besides
+which, it discovers such a degree of &oelig;conomical wisdom in the author,
+such a sedulous attention to the honest arts of thriving, such a general
+love of mankind, such a regard to justice, and a reverence for religion,
+that we do not only lament his misfortunes, but wonder at them; and are
+at a loss to account for his dying poor, who understood so well the
+method to become rich."</p>
+
+<p>From the "Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet," I
+select a small part of what that worthy man says of Tusser:&mdash;"He seems
+to have been a good-natured cheerful man, and though a lover of
+&oelig;conomy, far from meanness, as appears in many of his precepts,
+wherein he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> shews his disapprobation of that pitiful spirit, which makes
+farmers starve their cattle, their land, and every thing belonging to
+them; chusing rather to lose a pound than spend a shilling. Upon the
+whole, his book displays all the qualities of a well-disposed man, as
+well as of an able farmer. He wrote in the infancy of farming, and
+therefore I shall give a full account of his practice, especially as his
+precepts will be comprised in a narrow compass, and as a sort of justice
+done to him as an original writer."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mavor observes, "The precepts of Tusser indeed are so excellent,
+that few can read them without profit and improvement; he appears to
+have possessed such a degree of pious resignation to the will of the
+Supreme, of christian charity, and of good humour, under all his
+miscarriages, that his character rises high in our esteem, independent
+of his merits as a writer. The cultivated and liberal mind of Tusser
+seems to have been ill-suited to his fortune, and to his vocation. A
+love of hospitality probably kept him from independence; yet if he was
+imprudent, we cannot help loving the man and admiring the justness of
+his sentiments on every subject connected with life and morals."</p>
+
+<p>Fuller, in his <i>Worthies of Essex</i>, says, "he spread his bread with all
+sorts of butter, yet none would stick thereon. Yet I hear no man to
+charge him with any vicious extravagancy, or visible carelessness,
+imputing his ill success to some occult cause in God's counsel."</p>
+
+<p>I am indebted, in some degree, for these several testimonies, to Mr.
+Mavor's spirited edition of this book, which he has enriched with a
+biographical sketch of Tusser, and with many interesting illustrations
+of his poem. He exhibits another instance of the private character of
+Tusser, in his concluding remarks on the last page of his work:&mdash;"The
+moral<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> feeling and the pious resignation which breathe in the concluding
+stanzas of this poem, leave a powerful impression on the mind; and
+whatever vicissitudes in life the Editor or his Readers may experience,
+he wishes for Himself and for Them, the same philosophic and christian
+composure, on a retrospect of the past, and the anticipated view of
+futurity."</p>
+
+<p>Of Mr. Warton's remarks on Tusser, Mr. Mavor thus partly speaks:&mdash;"For
+the personal kindness of Warton to me, at an early period of life, I
+shall ever retain an affectionate remembrance of him, and for his genius
+and high attainments in literature, I feel all that deference and
+respect which can belong to his most enthusiastic admirers; but no man
+was less a judge of the merits of a book on Husbandry and Huswifry."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Warton observes, that "Tusser's general precepts have often an
+expressive brevity, and are sometimes pointed with an epigrammatic turn,
+and smartness of allusion."</p>
+
+<p>In Tusser's poetical account of his own unsuccessful life,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>How through the briers my youthful years</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Have run their race</i>,&mdash;</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>how he was forced from his father's house when a little boy, and driven
+like a <span class="smcap">POSTING HORSE</span>, being impressed to sing as a chorister, at
+Wallingford College; his miseries there, and the <i>stale bread</i> they gave
+him; the fifty-three stripes the poor lad received at Eton, when
+learning Latin; his happy transfer to Trinity College, which to him
+seemed a removal from hell to heaven; the generosity of Lord Paget,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Whose soul I trust is with the just</i>;</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>then his</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash;<i>good parents dy'd</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>One after one, till both were gone,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Whose souls in bliss, be long ere this.</i></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His remaining ten years at court, where</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Cards and dice, with Venus' vice,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And peevish pride, from virtue wide,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>With some so wraught,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>That Tyburn play, made them away,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>Or beggars state.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>His residing in <i>Suffolk</i>, as a farmer,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>To moil and toil,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>With loss and pain, to little gain,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>To cram Sir Knave</i>;</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>his removal to near Dereham Abbey, which he left, (though stored with
+flesh and fish) from the squabbles and brawls of <i>lord with lord</i>; the
+death of the worthy Sir Richard Southwell,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">&mdash;&mdash;<i>that jewel great,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Which op'd his door to rich and poor,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>So bounteously</i>,&mdash;</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>on whose decease he was left to <i>sink or swim</i>; his removal to
+Salisbury, as a singing man; thence</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>With sickness worn, as one forlorn,</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>he removed to a parsonage house in Essex, to collect tithes, in its
+<i>miry ways</i>; his foreboding the parson's death, and foreseeing new
+charges about to be made for tithes,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">&mdash;&mdash;<i>I spy'd, if parson died,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>(All hope in vain) to hope for gain,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>I might go dance;</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Once rid my hand, of pars'nage land,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Hence, by-and-by, away went I</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>To London straight, to hope and wait</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;"><i>For better chance.</i></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>From which place the plague drove him to Cambridge, to</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>The college, best of all the rest,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>With thanks to thee, O Trinity!</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Through thee and thine, for me and mine,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;"><i>Some stay I got.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>He concludes with pious resignation to God.<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Didymus Mountain</span>, who, in 1571, wrote "The Gardener's Labyrinth," in
+4to. "wherein are set forth, divers knottes and mazes, cunningly handled
+for the beautifying of gardens." And in 1577 appeared a second part,
+"with the wittie ordering of other daintie hearbes, delectable flowres,
+pleasaunt fruites, and fine rootes, as the like hath not heretofore been
+vttered of any." Other editions in 4to. 1608, and in folio 1652.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Barnaby Gooche</span> published The whole art and trade of Husbandry, contained
+in foure books, <i>enlarged</i> by Barnaby Googe, Esq. 4to. black letter,
+1578. The two later editions, in 1614 and 1631, both in black letter,
+and in 4to. are said by Weston to have been re-printed by Gervaise
+Markham. The 2nd book treats "Of Gardens, Orchards, and Woods."</p>
+
+<p>In the 2nd vol. of the <i>Censura Litt.</i> is some information respecting B.
+Gooche, and his epistle to the reader shews his own liberal mind: "I
+haue thought it meet (good Reader) for thy further profit and pleasure,
+to put into English,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> these foure Bookes of Husbandry, <i>collected and
+set forth</i>, <i>by Master Conrade Heresbatch</i>, a great and a learned
+Counceller of the Duke of <i>Cleues</i>: not thinking it reason, though I
+haue altered and increased his vvorke, <i>with mine owne readings and
+obseruations</i>, ioined with the experience of sundry my friends, to take
+from him (as diuers in the like case haue done) the honour and glory of
+his owne trauaile: Neither is it my minde, that this either his doings,
+or mine, should deface, or any wayes darken the good enterprise, or
+painfull trauailes of such our Countrymen of England, as haue
+plentifully written of this matter: but alwayes haue, and do giue them
+the reuerence and honour due to so vertuous, and well disposed
+Gentlemen, namely, <i>Master Fitzherbert</i>, and <i>Master Tusser</i>: vvhose
+vvorkes may, in my fancie, without any presumption, compare with any,
+either <i>Varro</i>, <i>Columella</i>, or <i>Palladius</i> of <i>Rome</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Hugh Platt</span>, "that learned and great observer," but of whom we know
+so little, was, as Mr. Weston, in his Catalogue of English Authors,
+informs us, "the most ingenious husbandman of the age he lived in: yet,
+so great was his modesty, that all his works seem to be posthumous,
+except the <i>Paradise of Flora</i>, which appeared in 1600, when it is
+probable he was living. He spent part of his time at Copt-hall, in
+Essex, or at Bishop's-hall, in Middlesex, at each of which places he had
+a country seat; but his town residence was Lincoln's Inn. He held a
+correspondence with all lovers of agriculture and gardening throughout
+England; and such was the justice and modesty of his temper, that he
+always named the author of every discovery communicated to him." In 1606
+he had a garden in St. Martin's Lane. A list of his works appears in the
+late Dr. Watts's most laborious work, the Bibl. Brit. in 4 vols. 4to. In
+his "Floraes Paradise, beautified and adorned with sundry sorts of
+delicate fruites and flowers, to be sold in Paule's church<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>-yard, at the
+signe of the Holy Ghost, 1608," 12mo. he thus concludes his address to
+the studious and well affected reader:&mdash;"<i>And thus, gentle Reader,
+hauing acquainted thee with my long, costly, and laborious Collections,
+not written at adventure, or by an imaginary conceit in a Scholler's
+priuate Studie, but wrung out of the earth, by the painfull hand of
+experience: and hauing also giuen thee a touch of Nature, whom no man as
+yet euer durst send naked into the worlde without her veyle; and
+expecting, by thy good entertainement of these, some encouragement for
+higher and deeper discoueries heereafter, I leaue thee to the God of
+Nature, from whom all the true light of Nature proceedeth.</i>
+Bednall-greene, <i>neere London</i>, <i>this 2 of July, 1608</i>."</p>
+
+<p>In his chapter of "An offer of some new, rare, and profitable
+Inventions," after speaking of "the most rare and peerless plant of all
+the rest, I meane the grape," he mentions the wholesomeness of the wine
+he then made from his garden at <i>Bednall-greene</i>, <i>neere London</i>:&mdash;"And
+if any exception shold be taken against the race and delicacie of them,
+I am content to submit them to the censure of the best mouthes, that
+professe any true skill in the iudgement of high country wines: although
+for their better credit herein, I could bring in the French Embassador,
+who (now almost two yeeres since, comming to my house of purpose to tast
+these wines) gaue this sentence vpon them; that he neuer drank any
+better nevv Wine in France. And <i>Sir Francis Vere</i>, that martiall
+Mirrour of our times, who is seldom or never without a cup of excellent
+wine, at his table, assured me that he neuer dranke the like vnto mine,
+but once, and that in France. So that now mee thinks I begin to growe
+somewhat strong in my supporters; and therefore I make some doubt,
+whether I shall need to bring in that renowned Lady <i>Arabella</i>, the
+Countesse of <i>Cumberland</i>, the Lady <i>Anne Clifford</i>, the Lady
+<i>Hastings</i>, the Lady <i>Candish</i>, and most of the Maides of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> Honour, with
+diuers Lordes, Knights, and Gentlemen of good worth, that haue generally
+applauded the same; or leaue it heere to worke out his owne credit in
+his due time, because it is rich, and of a strong boiling nature."</p>
+
+<p>In his chapter of "Secrets in the ordering of Trees and Plants," he
+alludes to a gardener of the name of Maister <i>Andrew Hill</i>, or to his
+garden, no less than twenty-three times; and frequently to one of the
+name of Maister <i>Pointer</i>,<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> <i>of Twickenham</i>. Also to one of the name
+of <i>Colborne</i>; and to a parson <i>Simson</i>. He thus concludes this
+chapter:&mdash;"Heere I will conclude with a pretty conceit of that delicate
+knight, Sir <i>Francis Carew</i>; who, for the better accomplishment of his
+royall entertainem&eacute;t of our late Queene of happy memory, at his house at
+<i>Beddington</i>, led her Maiestie to a Cherrie tree, whose fruite hee had
+of purpose kept backe from ripening, at the least one month after all
+Cherries had taken their farewell of England. This secret he performed,
+by straining a Tent or cover of canvas ouer the whole tree, and wetting
+the same now and then with a scoope or horne, as the heate of the
+weather required; and so, by with-holding the sunne-beames from
+reflecting vppon the berries, they grew both great, and were very long
+before they had gotten their perfect cherrie-colour: and when hee was
+assured of her Maiesties comming, he remoued the Tent, and a few sunny
+daies brought them to their full maturitie."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In the 2nd vol. of <i>Censura Litt.</i> is some information respecting Sir
+Hugh.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gabriel Plattes</span>, who (Harte says) "had a bold, adventurous cast of
+mind." The author of "Herefordshire Orchards," calls him "a singular
+honest man." Mr. Weston says, "This author may be considered as an
+original genius in husbandry. This ingenious writer, whose labours were
+productive of plenty and riches to others, was so destitute of the
+common necessaries of life, as to perish with hunger and misery. He was
+found dead in the streets, without a shirt to cover him, to the eternal
+disgrace of the government he lived under. He bequeathed his papers to
+S. Hartlib, whom a contemporary author addresses in this manner: 'none
+(but yourself, who wants not an enlarged heart, but a fuller hand to
+supply the world's defect,) being found, with some few others, to
+administer any relief to a man of so great merit.' Another friend of
+Hartlib's, gives Plattes the following character: 'certainly that man
+had as excellent a genius in agriculture, as any that ever lived in this
+nation before him, and was the most faithful seeker of his ungrateful
+country's good. I never think of the great judgement, pure zeal, and
+faithful intentions of that man, and withal of his strange sufferings,
+and manner of death, but am struck with amazement, that such a man
+should be suffered to fall down dead in the streets for want of food,
+whose studies tended in no less than providing and preserving food for
+whole nations, and that with as much skill and industry, so without
+pride or arrogance towards God or man.'&mdash;A list of his many works
+appears in Watts's Bibl. Brit. and also in Weston's intelligent
+Catalogue; and much information is given of Plattes in vol. 2 of the
+Censura Litteraria. Two of his works appear to be,</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p><div class="blockquot"><p>1. Treatise of Husbandry; 1633, 4to.</p>
+
+<p>2. Discourse of Infinite Treasure, hidden since the World's
+beginning, in the way of Husbandry; 1632, 1653, 1656, 4to.<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a></p></div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Lawson</span> published in 1597, A New Orchard and Garden, in 4to.
+Other editions, in 4to., in 1623, and 1626. His singular assertions are
+treated with great candor by the author of <i>Herefordshire
+Orchards</i>,&mdash;"for I thought I found many signs of honesty and integrity
+in the man, a sound, clear, natural wit."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Simon Harward</span> published in 1597, a Treatise on the Art of propagating
+Vegetables; and annexed it to Lawson's New Orchard and Garden,</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Johnson</span>, the learned editor of the enlarged and valuable edition
+of Gerarde. Wood calls him "the best<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> herbalist of his time." Mr.
+Weston, in his Catalogue, relates with great pleasure, the sanguine and
+interesting tours which Mr. Johnson, and some friends, made in various
+counties, to examine the native botanical beauties of his own country.</p>
+
+<p>Wood further informs us, that at the siege of Basinghouse, "he
+received a shot in the shoulder, of which he died in a fortnight after;
+at which time his work did justly challenge funeral tears; being then no
+less eminent in the garrison for his valour and conduct as a soldier,
+than famous through the kingdom for his excellency as an herbalist and
+physician." I have given in a note below, his approbation of Parkinson's
+work, merely to shew Mr. Johnson's liberal mind.<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ralph Austen</span>, published his Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner
+of Grafting, Planting, &amp;c. with the spiritual use of an Orchard, or
+Garden, in divers similitudes. <i>Oxford</i>, 1653 and 1657, 4to. He appears
+to have lived and died at Oxford. He dedicates it to his friend S.
+Hartlib, Esq. Worlidge says, that in this treatise Austen hath "very
+copiously set forth the high applauses, dignities, advantages, and
+variety of pleasures and contents, in the planting and enjoyment of
+fruit trees."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Francis Austen</span>, published in 1631, Observations on Sir Francis Bacon's
+Natural History, so far as concerns Fruit trees, 4to. Another edition,
+4to., 1657.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Bonfeil</span>, published Instructions how to Plant and Dress Vines, &amp;c.
+and to make Wine, &amp;c. Printed with his Art of making Silk, 4to., 1622.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Stephen Blake</span>, published in 1664, The complete Gardener's Practice, 4to.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Hughes</span> published</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1, The complete Vineyard, 8vo. 1670, and 1683.</p>
+
+<p>2, The American Physician, or a Treatise of the Roots, Plants, &amp;c.
+growing in the English Plantations; 12mo. 1672.</p>
+
+<p>3, The Flower Garden, 12mo. 1672 and 1734.</p></div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Samuel Hartlib, Esq.</span> published Sir Richard Weston's "Discourse of
+Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders, shewing the wonderful
+improvement of land there, and serving as a pattern for our practice in
+this Commonwealth." <i>Lond.</i> 1645, 4to. 24 pages. Mr. Weston, in his
+interesting Catalogue, says, "It is remarked in the Phil. Trans. that
+England has profited in agriculture to the amount of many millions, in
+consequence of the Flanders husbandry having been made known by this
+little treatise. In another edition (I believe 1655) Hartlib, in order
+to enlarge, and better explain it, annexed Dr. Beatie's Annotations to
+it." Mr. Hartlib also published,</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p><div class="blockquot"><p>1, Legacie; or an Enlargement of the Discourse of Husbandry; 4to.
+1650. A second edition in 1651, and a third in 1655.</p>
+
+<p>2, Concerning the Defects and Remedies of English Husbandry, in a
+letter to Dr. Beale; 4to. 1651.</p>
+
+<p>3, A Designe for Plentie, by an universall planting of
+<i>Fruit-trees</i>; tendered by some Well-wishers to the Public. <i>Lond.</i>
+without date, but probably (as Mr. Loudon observes) 1652, 4to.
+"Published by Hartlib, who had the MS. from the Hon. Colonel John
+Barkstead, Lieutenant of the Tower. The author was an aged minister
+of the Gospel, at Lovingland, near Yarmouth."</p>
+
+<p>4, The Commonwealth of Bees, 1657.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Weston gives much information respecting Mr. Hartlib. I select only
+the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"He was a German gentleman by birth, a great promoter of husbandry
+during the times of the commonwealth, and much esteemed by all ingenious
+men in those days, particularly by Milton, who addressed to him his
+Treatise on Education; Sir William Petty also inscribed two letters to
+him on the same subject. <i>Lond.</i> 4to. 1647 and 1648. Cromwell, who was a
+great favourer of agriculture, in consequence of this admirable
+performance, allowed Hartlib a pension of &pound;100. a year; and Hartlib
+afterwards, the better to fulfil the intentions of his benefactor,
+procured Dr. Beatie's excellent annotations on the Legacy, with other
+valuable pieces from his numerous correspondents. This famous work,
+attributed to Hartlib, and called the Legacy, was only drawn up at his
+request, and, passing through his correction and revision, was published
+by him." His name will ever stand honoured,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> from Milton having
+dedicated his <i>Tractate on Education</i> to him, and from his having, in
+this tract, painted with affection, and with warm and high colours, the
+character of Mr. Hartlib.<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a></p>
+
+<p>Dr. <span class="smcap">John Beale</span>, author of that celebrated little tract, the
+"Herefordshire Orchards, a pattern for the whole of England." <i>London</i>
+1657, 12mo.; 1724, 8vo. He addresses this to Mr. Hartlib, and thus
+commences it:&mdash;"Your industrious endeavours for the benefit of all men,
+and particularly for the good of this nation, hath well deserved the
+grateful acknowledgement of all good men, and of my self in special; for
+that in my rural retirement I have received some profit, and very much
+innocent and refreshing delights in the perusal of those treatises,
+which are by your diligent hand communicated to the publick." He thus
+affectionately concludes it:&mdash;"I briefly hint unto you what esteem we do
+truly owe unto your labours. I pray the Lord to remember your diligence
+in the great day of his appearance in glory. Your hearty well-wisher."
+In vol. 6 of the works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, are many letters
+from Dr. Beale. That dated Oct. 26, strongly paints his attachment to
+the fruits of Herefordshire, or whatever may tend to the benefit of that
+his native county. Mr. Boyle says of him, "There is not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> in life, a man
+in this whole island, nor on the continents beyond the seas, that could
+be made more universally useful to do good to all." And Mr. Gough, in
+his Topography, records the benefits he conferred on that county. Such a
+testimony as the above, from such a man as Mr. Boyle, is, indeed,
+honourable. The learned Boerhaave tells us who Mr. Boyle was: "Boyle,
+the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to the genius and
+enquiries of the great Verulam. Which of all Boyle's writings shall I
+recommend? All of them. To him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water,
+animals, vegetables, fossils, so that from his works may be reduced the
+whole system of natural knowledge." His charities amounted to &pound;1000.
+annually. Dr. Beale resided chiefly at Hereford, (1660) when he was made
+Rector of Yeovil, Somersetshire, where he died in 1683, at the age of
+eighty. His other works are enumerated in Mr. Loudon's Encyclop&aelig;dia of
+Gardening. Mr. Evelyn, in the greatest of his works, (his Sylva,) adds
+to it Dr. Beale's advertisement concerning Cyder.</p>
+
+<p>William Brome, a principal ornament of Christ Church, a native of
+Herefordshire, and who afterwards lived in retirement at Ewithington, in
+that county, "formed the plan (says the late Mr. Dunster in his edition
+of Phillips's Cyder) of writing the Provincial History of his native
+county, a work for which he was eminently qualified, not only by his
+great and general learning, but as being particularly an excellent
+naturalist and antiquary. After having made a considerable progress, he
+abandoned his design, and, which is still more to be lamented, destroyed
+the valuable materials which he had collected." I merely introduce this
+to state, that from Mr. Brome, much information, in all likelihood,
+might have been gathered respecting Dr. Beale. We have to regret, that
+time and mortality, have now obliterated every fading<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> trace of
+contemporary recollection of a man, who, in his day, was so highly
+esteemed.<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Robert Sharrock</span>, Archdeacon of Winchester, and Rector of Bishop's
+Waltham, and of Horewood. Wood, in his Athen&aelig;, says, "he was accounted
+learned in divinity, in the civil and common law, and very knowing in
+vegetables, and all appertaining thereunto. He published The History of
+the Propagation and Improvement of Vegetables, by the concurrence of art
+and nature. <i>Oxford</i>, 1660, 8vo., and 1672, 8vo.: an account of which
+book you may see in the Phil. Trans. No. 84, page 5002." He also
+published Improvements to the Art of Gardening; or an exact Treatise on
+Plants. <i>London</i>, 1694; folio. This must have been a posthumous work, as
+he died in 1684.</p>
+
+<p class="center">---- <span class="smcap">Iliffe</span>, in 1670, published in 12mo. The compleat Vineyard.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Rea</span>, the author of "Flora, Ceres, and Pomona." It is enriched by a
+frontispiece engraved by D. Loggan. He dedicates the above folio, in
+1665, to Lord Gerard, of Gerard's Bromley. His lordship, it seems, about
+that time, determined to erect that noble mansion, which Plot has given
+us a plate of; and Rea, in this folio, enumerates those plants,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> fruits,
+and flowers, which he thinks this then-intended garden ought to be
+furnished with; and a small bit, or a piece or parcel, of which once
+most sumptuous garden, Plot gives us. "Altho' (says Rea) our country
+cannot boast the benignity of that beautiful planet which meliorates
+their fruit in Italy, France, and Spain; yet, by reflection from good
+walks, well gravelled walks, the choice of fit kinds, we may plentifully
+partake the pleasure, and yearly enjoy the benefit, of many delicious
+fruits: as also the admiration and delight in the infinite varieties of
+elegant forms, various colours, and numerous kinds of noble plants, and
+beautiful flowers, some whereof have been heretofore handled by a
+renowned person of your name; but since his time, nature hath discovered
+many new varieties, not known to former ages, as I hope shortly will
+appear in your own collections, gloriously adorning your spacious
+garden, which I wish may correspond, both in fashion and furniture, with
+that noble structure to which it appertaineth. Accept then, my honoured
+lord, this humble offering, which may possibly live to do you service,
+when I am dust and ashes, and, according to my highest ambition, remain
+as a testimony of my sincerest gratitude for the many favours I have
+received from your honour, your most accomplished lady, and that noble
+family from whence she is descended. I should here add my prayers for
+your honour's preservation, did I not reserve them for my morning
+sacri<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>fice, daily to be presented to the immortal deities by him that
+is, your most humble and most devoted servant, John Rea." He addresses
+also a long poem to Lady Gerard, on Flora inviting her to walk in this
+garden, in which he celebrates her "bright beauty."</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Self-loved <i>Narcissus</i>, if he look</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On your fair eyes, will leave the brook,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And undeceived, soon will rue</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He ever any loved but you.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If to the <i>hyacinth</i> you turn,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He smiles, and quite forgets to mourn.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The enamoured <i>heliotrope</i> will run</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To your bright stars, and leave the sun.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Our <i>lilies</i> here do make no show,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">They whiter on your bosom grow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And <i>violets</i> appear but stains,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Compared with your bluer veins.</span><br />
+</p>
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">New-blown buds, all scents excelling,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">As you pass by, invite your smelling.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mark the glorious <i>tulips</i> rise</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In various dress, to take your eyes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And how the fairest and all the rest</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Strive which shall triumph on your breast.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thus your rich beauty and rare parts</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Excel all flowers, exceed all arts.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Live then, sweet lady, to inherit</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Your father's fortune, and his spirit,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Your mother's face and virtuous mind.<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Throughout this long poem, John Rea's warmth much exceeds that of the
+most romantic lovers. One of the latter only observes, that the flowers
+courted the tread of his fair one's foot; that the sky grew more
+beautiful in her presence, and that the atmosphere borrowed new
+splendour from her eyes. Rea's passion seems even warmer than this. In
+his address to the reader, he says, "I have continued my affection to
+this honest recreation, without companion or encouragement; and now in
+my old age, (wearied and weaned from other delights) find myself more
+happy in this retired solitude, than in all the bustles and busie
+employments of my passed days." He thus concludes his book:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">&mdash;&mdash; this is all I crave:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Some gentle hand with flowers may strew my grave,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And with one sprig of bays my herse befriend,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When as my life, as now my book, doth end.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Laus Deo.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Rea gives us also another very long poem, being that of "Flora to the
+Ladies," which he thus concludes:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Silent as flow'rs may you in virtues grow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Till rip'ning time shall make you fit to blow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Then flourish long, and seeding leave behind</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A numerous offspring of your dainty kind;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And when fate calls, have nothing to repent,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But die like flow'rs, virtuous and innocent.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Then all your fellow flow'rs, both fair and sweet,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Will come, with tears, to deck your winding-sheet;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hang down their pensive heads so dew'd, and crave</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To be transplanted to your perfum'd grave.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>These love poems seem all to have been written in his old age; and that
+passion causes him thus to open his first book:&mdash;"Love was the inventor,
+and is still the maintainer, of every noble science. It is chiefly that
+which hath made my flowers and trees to flourish, though planted in a
+barren desert, and hath brought me to the knowledge I now have in plants
+and planting; for indeed it is impossible for any man to have any
+considerable collection of plants to prosper, unless he love them: for
+neither the goodness of the soil, nor the advantage of the situation,
+will do it, without the master's affection; it is that which renders
+them strong and vigorous; without which they will languish and decay
+through neglect, and soon cease to do him service. I have seen many
+gardens of the new model, in the hands of unskilful persons, with good
+walls, walks and grass-plots; but in the most essential adornments so
+deficient, that a green meadow is a more delightful object; there nature
+alone, without the aid of art, spreads her verdant carpets,
+spontaneously embroidered with many pretty plants and pleasing flowers,
+far more inviting than such an immured nothing. And as noble fountains,
+grottoes, statues, &amp;c. are excellent ornaments and marks of
+magnificence, so all such dead works in gardens, ill done, are little
+better than blocks in the way to intercept the sight, but not at all to
+satisfy the understanding. A choice collection of living beauties, rare
+plants, flowers and fruits, are indeed the wealth, glory, and delight of
+a garden." He seems enamoured with tulips. He describes no less than one
+hundred and ninety different sorts. He calls them "Flora's choicest
+jewels, and the most glorious ornaments of the best gardens. Such is
+their rarity and excellence, and so numerous are the varieties, that it
+is not possible any one person in the world should be able to express,
+or comprehend the half of them, every new spring discovering many new
+diversities never before observed, either arising from the seeds of some
+choice kinds, the altering of off-sets, or by the busy and secret<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>
+working of nature upon several self-colours, in different soils and
+situations, together with the help of art."<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> Switzer says, "the
+practical and plain method in which he has delivered his precepts, are
+admirable." There is a second edition of the Flora, <i>with additions</i>.
+What these are, I know not; unless they are the cuts of parterres, which
+were omitted in the first edition. There is an edition in 1696.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Worlidge</span> published his Systema Agricultur&aelig; in folio, 1668; second
+edition in 1675, folio: fourth edition in 1687, folio. An octavo edition
+1716, with its English title of "A compleat System of Husbandry and
+Gardening, or the Gentleman's Companion in the Business and Pleasures of
+a Country life." In the preface to this, and indeed throughout all his
+works, we may trace his fondness for gardens. The great variety of rural
+subjects treated on in this book, may be seen in its Index, or full
+Analysis. In his second section "Of the profits and pleasures of
+fruit-trees," he strongly enforces the planting of vineyards.</p>
+
+<p>His Systema Horticultur&aelig;, or the Art of Gardening, was published in
+1677, 8vo.; a third edition 1688; a fourth edition 1719.</p>
+
+<p>Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise on Cyder, and other Wines and Drinks,
+extracted from Fruits: to which is added, a Discourse on Bees; 8vo.,
+<i>second impression, much enlarged</i>, 1678. He therein thus paints the
+pleasures of a garden:&mdash;"The exercises of planting, grafting, pruning,
+and walking in them, very much tendeth to salubrity, as also doth the
+wholesome airs found in them, which have been experienced not only to
+cure several distempers incident to our nature,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> but to tend towards the
+prolongation of life. For nothing can be more available to health and
+long life, than a sedate quiet mind, attended with these rural delights,
+a healthful air, and moderate exercise, which may here be found in all
+seasons of the year."</p>
+
+<p>He also published, The Second Parts of Systema Agricultur&aelig;, 8vo. 1689.</p>
+
+<p>The Second Part of Vinetum Britannicum, 8vo. 1689. This is usually bound
+with the above.</p>
+
+<p>His attachment to whatever concerns a rural life, shines through most of
+his pages. Take the few following for a specimen:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>In his description of the month of <i>April</i>, he says, "In this month your
+garden appears in its greatest beauty, the blossoms of the fruit-trees
+prognosticate the plenty of fruits for all the succeeding summer months,
+unless prevented by untimely frosts or blights. The bees now buz in
+every corner of your garden to seek for food; the birds sing in every
+bush, and the sweet nightingale tunes her warbling notes in your
+solitary walks, whilst the other birds are at their rest. The beasts of
+the woods look out into the plains, and the fishes of the deep sport
+themselves in the shallow waters. The air is wholesome, and the earth
+pleasant, beginning now to be cloathed in nature's best array, exceeding
+all art's glory. This is the time that whets the wits of several nations
+to prove their own country to have been the <i>Garden of Eden</i>, or the
+terrestrial paradise, however it appears all the year besides. In case
+unseasonable weather hinders not, the pleasantness and salubrity of the
+air now tempts the sound to the free enjoyment of it, rather than to
+enjoy the pleasures of <i>Bacchus</i> in a smoaky corner." In his month of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>
+<i>May</i>, he says, "He that delights not in physick, let him now exercise
+himself in the <i>garden</i>, and take the smell of the earth with the rising
+sun, than which to the virtuously inclined, there is nothing more
+pleasant; for now is nature herself full of mirth, and the senses stored
+with delights, and variety of pleasures." His month of <i>July</i> thus
+recommends itself: "Grotts and shady groves are more seasonable to
+recreate yourself in than the open air, unless it be late in the
+evening, or early in the morning, to such that can afford time to take a
+nap after noon."</p>
+
+<p>In his Syst. Hort. he observes, that "A fair stream or current flowing
+through or near your <i>garden</i>, adds much to the glory and pleasure of
+it: on the banks of it you may plant several aquatick exoticks, and have
+your seats or places of repose under their umbrage, and there satiate
+yourself with the view of the curling streams, and its nimble
+inhabitants. These gliding streams refrigerate the air in a summer
+evening, and render their banks so pleasant, that they become resistless
+charms to your senses, by the murmuring noise, the undulation of the
+water, the verdant banks and shades over them, the sporting fish
+confined within your own limits, the beautiful swans; and by the
+pleasant notes of singing birds, that delight in groves, on the banks of
+such rivulets."<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>And in his preface to this last work, he says, "My principal design
+being not only to excite or animate such as have fair estates, and
+pleasant seats in the country, to adorn and beautifie them; but to
+encourage the honest and plain countryman in the improvement of his
+Ville, by enlarging the bounds and limits of his <i>Gardens</i>, as well as
+his <i>Orchards</i>, for the encrease of such esculent plants as may be
+useful and beneficial to himself and his neighbors."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Francis Drope</span>, B. D., who died at Oxford, and whose father was Vicar of
+Cumner, in Berkshire. Wood, in his Athen&aelig;, says, "he hath written on a
+subject which he much delighted in, and wherein he spent much time, but
+which was not published till his death: A short and sure guide to the
+practice of raising, and ordering of fruit trees, <i>Oxford</i>, 1672, 12mo.,
+a large and laudable account of which you may see in the Phil. Trans.
+No. 86, p. 10, 49."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Moses Cooke</span>, Gardener to the Earl of Essex, at Cashiobury, afterwards a
+partner with Lucre, Field and London, in the Brompton Park Nursery. He
+wrote "The Art of making Cyder," published in Mr. Evelyn's works. The
+manner of raising Forest Trees, 4to. 1696. Other editions in 8vo. in
+1717, 1724, and 1770. Mr. Evelyn (speaking of Cashiobury) says, "The
+gardens are very rare, and cannot be otherwise,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> having so skilful an
+artist to govern them as Cooke." Moses Cooke, in his preface, justly
+says, "Planting and Gardening add much to the health and content of man;
+and these two jewels no man that well understands himself, would
+willingly be without; for it is not only set down for a certain truth by
+many wise men, but confirmed by experience. The learned Lord Bacon
+commends the following of the plough in fresh ground, to be very
+healthful for man; but more, the digging in gardens." His pages, here
+and there, record some of "the fine stately trees that we have growing
+in the woods at Cashiobury." Cooke unfortunately fancied himself a poet;
+but gratitude to his noble master, and loyalty to his king, seem to have
+been the motives of his inspiration. "One night (methought) walking up
+one of my Lord's lime-walks, I heard the grateful trees thus paying the
+tribute of their thanks to his lordship:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Like pyramids our stately tops we'll raise,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To sing our noble benefactor's praise;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Freshly we will to after-ages show</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What noble Essex did on us bestow:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For we our very being owe to him,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or else we had long since intombed been</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In crop of bird, or in beast's belly found,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or met our death neglected on the ground.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">By him we cherish'd were with dung and spade,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For which we'll recompense him with our shade.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And since his kindness saw us prun'd so well,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We will requite him with our fragrant smell;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In winter (as in gratitude is meet)</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We'll strew our humble leaves beneath his feet.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nay, in each tree, root, trunk, branch, all will be</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Proud to serve him and his posterity."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>And he thus invokes the stately oak, after enumerating many of the rich
+commodities which this tree bears through our Thames:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of silks and satins fine, to clothe the back;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of wines, Italian, French, and Spanish sack.</span><br />
+</p>
+<hr class='short' />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'T was faithful oak preserved our king, that we</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Might thence learn lessons of true loyalty.</span><br />
+</p>
+<hr class='short' />
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When in salt seas Sir Francis Drake did steer,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sailing in oak he say'd one day i'th'year.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His oak, which the terrestrial globe did measure,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Through dangers led him t' honour, profit, pleasure.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No wood like oak that grows upon the ground,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To make our house and ships last long and sound;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No oak like ours: by love to oak let's then</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Appear true subjects, and right Englishmen.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Anthony Lawrence</span> published in 4to. 1677, Nurseries, Orchards, Profitable
+Gardens, and Vineyards Encouraged.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Read</span>, "one of the earliest Scotch gardening writers." He wrote "The
+Scotch Gardener," 1683, 4to. An Edinburgh edition in 8vo. 1766; to which
+is added, a short Treatise of Forest Trees, by the Earl of Haddington.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">J. Gibson</span>, who wrote A Short Account of several Gardens near London, as
+viewed in 1681, in vol. xii of the Arch&aelig;ologia.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">T. Langford</span> wrote Plain and Full Instructions to raise all sorts of
+Fruit Trees that prosper in England; with Directions for making Liquors
+of all sorts of Fruits; 8vo. 1681. To the second edition, in 1696, is
+prefixed a very handsome epistle from Mr. Evelyn, in which he says, "As
+I know nothing extant that exceeds it, so nor do I of any thing which
+needs be added to it." Also,</p>
+
+<p>The Practical Planter of Fruit Trees; 8vo. 1681. Also,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> System&aelig;
+Agricultur&aelig;, being the Mystery of Husbandry Discovered; folio, 1681.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Leonard Meager's</span> Portrait perhaps we may not be very desirous to
+discover, when he tells his readers, neither to "sow, plant, nor graft,
+or meddle with any thing relating to gardening, when the sun or moon is
+eclipsed, or on that day, nor when the moon is afflicted by either of
+the unfortunate planets, viz. Mars or Saturn."<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> His English Gardner,
+in 4to. with cuts, came out in 1683; the ninth edition came out in 1699,
+4to.; it contains several clearly pointed plates of knots, or parterres.</p>
+
+<p>Meager also published The New Art of Gardening, with the Gardener's
+Almanack; 8vo. 1697; and</p>
+
+<p>The Mystery of Husbandry; 12mo. 1699.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The many editions that came out of Meager's English Gardner,
+sufficiently shews the estimation in which his book was held.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">George London</span> and <span class="smcap">Henry Wise</span>, so eminent in their day, that, as a
+contemporary says, "If the stock of their nurseries at Brompton Park,
+were valued at one penny a plant, the amount would exceed &pound;40,000. Mr.
+Evelyn declares, that we may place the above nursery above the greatest
+works of that kind ever seen or heard of, either in books or travels."
+Mr. Evelyn again calls it "that vast ample collection which I have
+lately seen, and well considered, at Brompton Park; the very sight of
+which alone, gives an idea of something that is greater than I can well
+express. One needs no more than to take a walk to Brompton Park, (on a
+fair morning) to behold and admire what a magazine these industrious men
+have provided." The Rev. John Laurence,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> in his Clergyman's Recreation,
+willingly attests their skill, integrity, and reputation, "so well
+established amongst the nobility and gentry."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. London's grateful apprentice, Switzer, thus affectionately and
+zealously records them in his History of Gardening, prefixed to his
+Iconologia:&mdash;"But now let us look amongst the nobility and gentry, which
+at this time were every where busied in making and adorning their
+gardens and plantations. To enumerate and set down the history of
+gardening in its several particulars in this reign, would require a
+volume of itself, but will be for the most part summed up in the person
+and character of <i>George London, Esq.</i> Superintendent of their Majesties
+gardens, and Director-General of most of the gardens and plantations of
+Great Britain. I am not well enough informed, neither is it material I
+should go back to the birth and education of this eminent gardener;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> his
+industry and natural parts soon and sufficiently recommended him to the
+nobility and gentry, that he was <i>courted and caressed by all</i>; so true
+it is, <i>That the gifts of nature are much more valuable than those of
+original birth and fortune, or even learning itself</i>. And to the eternal
+honour of the present age be it spoken, never was virtue, laudable
+industry, nor art more encouraged, of which the person we are here
+speaking of is an undeniable instance. I shall content myself therefore
+to find him under the care and instruction of Mr. <i>Rose</i> (whose
+character has been already drawn). The early and vigorous appearances he
+made in business were soon discovered by his master, who spared no
+pains, nor hindered him of any liberty, whereby he might improve
+himself. After he had been with him about four or five years, he sent
+him (if I am right informed) into France, the great seat of learning at
+that time in the world, especially in the errand he went about. Soon
+after he returned, he was preferred to the Bishop of London's service
+before-mentioned; and, in a few years more, he (with his associates)
+entered on that great undertaking of Brompton Park; and upon the
+Revolution, was made superintendant of all their Majesties gardens, for
+which he had &pound;200. a year, and a Page of the Back Stairs to Queen Mary.
+Mr. London and Mr. Wise being joined partners, and thus, as it were,
+both possessed of the royal favour, and the purses of the king, queen,
+and nobility, left no stone unturned to carry on their designs. Soon
+after the peace of Reswyck, Mr. London took another journey into France,
+with the Right Honourable the Earl of Portland, that was sent, by King
+William, Ambassador-Extraordinary on that occasion; and then it was that
+he made those observations on the fruit gardens at Versailles, which are
+published in the preface to their abridgement. After the death of the
+Queen, and not many years after her the King, their royal successor,
+Queen Anne, of pious memory, committed the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> care of her gardens in chief
+to Mr. Wise, Mr. London still pursuing his business in the country. It
+will perhaps be hardly believed in time to come, that this one person
+actually saw and gave directions once or twice a year in most of the
+noblemen's and gentlemen's gardens in England. And since it was common
+for him to ride fifty or sixty miles in a day, he made his northern
+circuit in five or six weeks, and sometimes less; and his western in as
+little time; as for the south and east, they were but three or four
+days' work for him; most times twice a year visiting all the country
+seats, conversing with gentlemen, and forwarding the business of
+gardening in such a degree as is almost impossible to describe. In the
+mean time his colleague managed matters nearer home with a dexterity and
+care equal to his character; and in truth they have deserved so much of
+the world, that it is but common justice to transmit their memory to
+ages to come. To speak more particularly of the knowledge Mr. London was
+supposed to be master of in this matter, the little opportunity he had
+in laying a foundation of learning, was, without doubt, a great
+obstruction to his progress in occult philosophy, which is involved in
+so many hard terms; this, nevertheless, he overcame purely by industry;
+and what he wanted in one, he abounded with in the other. He was
+perfectly well skilled in fruit, which seemed to be his master-piece; as
+for other parts, as greens, trees, flowers, exoticks, and the like, he
+certainly had as much knowledge as any one man living; and though he
+might not come up to the highest pitch of design always, yet that might
+be attributed to the haste he was generally in; and it can be no great
+blemish to his character, that he was not the greatest person in every
+thing, when it is surprising to find he could possibly know so much; so
+great a surprise indeed, that we must hardly ever expect his equal, much
+less any one that will exceed him. The planting and raising of all sorts
+of trees is so much due to this undertaking, that it will be hard for
+any of posterity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> to lay their hands on a tree in any of these kingdoms,
+that have not been a part of their care. Mr. London, by his great
+fatigues in heat and cold, notwithstanding naturally of a healthy,
+strong constitution, was at last seized with an illness, which carried
+him off after a few months' sickness. I shall take no other notice of
+him than what relates to my purpose in gardening, in which he has left a
+laudable example to all that shall have the encouragement to enter, and
+the courage and strength to perform what he did. He died towards
+Christmas in the year 1713."</p>
+
+<p>In the preface to his Iconologia, he again mentions them:&mdash;"Had their
+leisure been equal to their experience, the world might from them have
+reasonably expected the compleatest System of Gardening that any age or
+country has produced. It is to them we owe most of those valuable
+precepts in gardening now in use, and their memory ought to be
+transmitted to posterity, with the same care as those of the greatest
+and most laborious philosophers and heroes, who by their writing and
+practice have deserved so well of the world."</p>
+
+<p>He again mentions his old master, Mr. London:&mdash;"In fine, he was the
+person that refined the business and pleasure of kitchen and fruit
+gardens to a pitch beyond what was ever till that time seen, and more
+than was thought possible for one man ever to do; and (till the
+succession of two eminent persons in these kingdoms, who have very much
+outstript him) has not had his fellow in any century that history gives
+us account of."</p>
+
+<p>Switzer, speaking of Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, says, "He was a
+great encourager of Mr. London, and probably very much assisted him in
+his great designs. This reverend father was one of the first that
+encouraged the importation, raising and increase of exoticks, in which
+he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> was the most curious man in that time, or perhaps will be in any
+age. He had above one thousand species of exotick plants in his stoves
+and gardens."</p>
+
+<p>No monument has, I believe, been erected to Mr. London's memory,
+deservedly eminent and esteemed as he was in his day, <i>courted and
+caressed by all</i>, nor can I find out even where he was born or buried.
+If one could obtain a resemblance of him, one hopes his Picture, or his
+Bust, may not deserve the censure of our noble poet:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What is the end of fame? 'tis but to fill</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A certain portion of uncertain paper;</span><br />
+</p>
+<hr class='short' />
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To have, when the original is dust,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A name, a wretched <i>picture</i>, and worse <i>bust</i>.<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The two following works were published by them:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>The Complete Gardener, &amp;c. by Mons. de la Quintinye. Now compendiously
+abridged, and made of more use; with very considerable Improvements. By
+George London and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> Henry Wise. To which is prefixed, An Address to the
+Nobility and Gentry, by J. Evelyn, Esq.; folio, 1693; octavo, 1699,
+1717. Seventh edition in 1719. There is a curious plate of a garden
+prefixed, and two neat ones at page 22. There are also other cuts. Mr.
+Evelyn wrote this Address purposely to recommend their "extraordinary
+and rare industry." And he also wrote the Preliminary Discourse to that
+part which relates to Fruit-trees, wherein he thus breaks out:&mdash;"Let us
+but take a turn or two in a well-contrived and planted garden; and see
+what a surprising scene presents itself in the vernal bloom, diffusing
+its fragrant and odoriferous wafts, with their ravishing sweets; the
+tender blossoms curiously enamelled; the variously-figured shapes of the
+verdant foliage, dancing about, and immantling the laden branches of the
+choicest fruit; some hiding their blushing cheeks; others displaying
+their beauties, and even courting the eye to admire; others the hand to
+gather, and all of them to taste their delicious pulps. Can any thing be
+more delightful, than to behold an ample square (in a benign aspect)
+tapestried and adorned with such a glorious embroidery of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> festoons, and
+fruitages, depending from the yielding boughs, pregnant with their
+offspring, and pouring forth their plenty and store, as out of so many
+Amalthean horns? Some tinctured with the loveliest white and red; others
+an azurine-purple; others striped with an incarnadine, as over a tissue
+of vegetable gold. Colours of an oriency, that mock the pencil of the
+most exquisite artist; and with which their native beauty, perfume,
+fragrancy, and taste, gratify and entertain more senses at once, than
+does any sublunary object in all unvitiated nature besides."</p>
+
+<p>Their other Work was thus announced in one of the original numbers of
+the Spectator, which came out in small folio weekly numbers, and a
+portion of each number was appropriated to advertisements. It was thus
+advertised in that of May 5th, 1711:&mdash;"The Retired Gardener. Vol. i.
+Being a Translation of Le Jardinier Solitaire; or, Dialogues between a
+Gentleman and a Gardener: containing the methods of making, ordering,
+and improving a fruit and kitchen garden; together with the manner of
+planting and cultivating flowers, plants, and shrubs, necessary for the
+adorning of gardens, &amp;c. Vol. ii. containing the manner of planting and
+cultivating all sorts of flowers, plants, and shrubs, necessary for the
+adorning of gardens; in which is explained, the art of making and
+disposing of parterres, arbours of greens, wood works, arches, columns,
+and other pieces and compartments usually found in the most beautiful
+gardens of country seats. The whole enriched with variety of Figures,
+being a Translation from the Sieur Louis Liger. To this volume is added,
+a Description and Plan of Count Tallard's Garden, at Nottingham. The
+whole revised by George London and Henry Wise. Printed for Jacob Tonson,
+at Shakspeare's Head, over against Catherine-street in the Strand." This
+book, after giving the mode of culture of most flowers, generally gives
+what the author calls <i>its history</i>. I will merely give its history of
+one flower:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>&mdash;"On a day when they were keeping holiday in heaven, Flora
+summoned all the deities that preside over gardens, and, when they were
+met, addressed herself to them in this manner: 'You, who have always
+been the shining ornaments of my court, I have now called together, to
+consult in a matter of great importance. I know I am the sovereign of
+all the flowery kind; but for the more firm establishment of my empire,
+I am thinking to choose them a Queen of a spotless and unblemished
+reputation; but will do nothing of this nature without your counsel and
+assistance.' To these words, all the deities that were present, having
+first filled the court with murmurs, answered in this manner: 'Great
+goddess, be pleased to reflect a little on the animosities such a choice
+may create among the rival flowers; even the worthless Thistle will
+pretend to deserve the crown, and if denied, will perhaps grow factious,
+and disturb your peaceful reign.' 'Your fears are groundless,' replied
+the goddess; 'I apprehend no such consequence; my resolution is already
+fixed; hear, therefore, what I have determined:&mdash;In the deep recesses of
+a wood, where formerly the oaks were vocal, and pronounced oracles to
+mortals, at the foot of a little hill is a grotto, whose structure is
+nature's master-piece, there a wood nymph passed her quiet days; she was
+extremely beautiful, and charmed all that beheld her; her looks, her
+mien, and her behaviour had something of more than human; and indeed she
+was the daughter of a Dryad, and of a sylvan god. Her chastity and
+devotion equalled her beauty, she was perfectly resigned to the will of
+heaven, and never undertook any thing without having first implored our
+assistance; her heart was pure, and her hands undefiled. This nymph is
+dead, and my intention is to raise a flower from her precious remains,
+to be Queen of all the flowery race. The applauding gods straight
+prepared for the ceremony; <i>Priapus</i> put on a grave countenance;
+<i>Vertumnus</i> loaded himself with perfumes of an excellent scent; <i>Pomona</i>
+heaped up<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> canisters with all sorts of richest fruits; <i>Venus</i> was
+attended with a train of smiles and graces; <i>Vesta</i> promised wonders;
+and <i>Bacchus</i> supplied rivers of nectar, and crowned vast goblets with
+that divine liquor. In this equipage they left their celestial mansions,
+and repaired to the grotto, where they saw the dead body of the nymph
+stretched along on a soft couch of turf, and approaching it with
+profound awe and silence, prepared to pay the sacred rites; and Flora,
+having thrice bowed herself to the ground, was heard to pronounce this
+prayer:&mdash;'Almighty Jupiter, great ruler of the universe, exert thy
+creating power, and from the dead corpse of this lovely nymph let a
+plant arise, and bear no less lovely flowers, to be Queen of all thou
+hast already created.' Scarce had she made an end, when, behold a
+wondrous change! The nymph's extended limbs were turned into branches,
+and her hair into leaves; a shrub sprung up, adorned with sprouting
+buds, which straight unfolding, disclosed a fragrant and vermilion
+flower; a sudden light filled all the grotto, and the well-pleased
+goddess breathed thrice on the new-born babe, to spread it into life,
+and give it an odorous soul. Then seeing the vegetable Queen adorned
+with every grace, she kissed her thrice, and, breaking the general
+silence, revealed her secret joy. 'Approach,' said she, 'at my command,
+oh, all ye flowers, and pay your grateful homage to your Queen, the
+ROSE, for that is the name I give her.' Then taking a crown in her hand,
+that had been made on purpose in heaven, she placed it on the head of
+the new-made majesty; while to complete the ceremony, the attending gods
+sung joyful <i>Io P&aelig;ans</i>, amidst a symphony of flutes, harps, and all
+other tuneful instruments, with which the air resounded, while Flora and
+her bright celestial train ascended back rejoicing into heaven."<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John James</span>, who translated Le Blond's "Theory and Practice of Gardening,
+wherein is fully handled all that relates to fine gardens, commonly
+called Pleasure-gardens," cuts, 4to. 1712.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">M. Stevenson</span> published in small 4to. 1661, a book called The Twelve
+Months, being a Treatise on Husbandry and Gardening.</p>
+
+
+<p>The Rev. <span class="smcap">Henry Stevenson</span>, of East Retford, published "The Young
+Gardener's Director," 1716, 12mo. He has introduced Mr. Evelyn's advice
+as to having salads in each month. There is a neat cut of flower-knots,
+and the frontispiece exhibits a curious old garden. In the preface he
+says, "not to mention the profit to a family, nothing conduces more to a
+man's health, especially to one that lives a sedentary life. If these
+observations and experiments I have made in gardening, be of use to any
+by drawing him to a way of diversion that will preserve his health, and
+perhaps put him upon a meditation on the great works of the creation,
+let him give the Creator the praise." He also published "The Gentleman
+Gardener Instructed;" eighth edition, 12mo. 1769.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">David Stevenson</span>, in 1746, published in 12mo. The Gentleman Gardener
+Instructed. Is this the same book as the above?</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Stephen Switzer</span>, of whose private history so very little<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> is known, but
+whose works shew him to have been an honest, unassuming, humane,
+religious, most industrious, and ingenious man. We only know that he had
+a garden on Milbank, and another <i>near</i> Vauxhall; and that he died, I
+believe, about 1745. He dates his Letter on the Cythesis, from New
+Palace Yard, 1730. He was a native of <i>Hampshire</i>; for in his Fruit
+Gardener, speaking of walnut-trees, he says, "The best I ever saw are
+those that grow upon chalk. Such are those that grow about <i>Ewell</i>, near
+<i>Epsom</i>, and in many places of my own native county of <i>Hampshire</i>,
+there being one cut down some few years ago in the Park belonging to the
+Right Honourable the Lady <i>Russell</i>, at <i>Stratton</i>, that did spread, at
+least, fifty yards diameter." He acknowledges, without murmuring, his
+meanness of fortune, and his having industriously submitted "to the
+meanest labours of the scythe, spade, and wheel-barrow." He became,
+however, eminent in his day, and added much to the beauty and
+magnificence of the gardens of many of our chief nobility and gentry. He
+wrote a history of the art he so loved, and therefore his classic
+History of Gardening, prefixed to his Ichnographia Rustica, merits the
+perusal of every one attached to gardens; and paints in strong colours
+his own devotion to that art; and which he thus concludes:&mdash;"In short,
+next to the more immediate duties of religion, 'tis in the innocency of
+these employs, thus doing, thus planting, dressing, and busying
+themselves, that all wise and intelligent persons would be found, when
+Death, the king of terrors, shall close their eyes, and they themselves
+be obliged to bid an eternal farewell to these and all other sublunary
+pleasures;" and he who was thus fond of breathing the sweet and fragrant
+air of gardens, thus expresses his own (perhaps expiring) wish in the
+lines of Cowley:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sweet shades, adieu! here let my dust remain,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Covered with flowers, and free from noise and pain;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Let evergreens the turfy tomb adorn,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And roseate dews (the glory of the morn)</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">My carpet deck; then let my soul possess</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The happier scenes of an eternal bliss.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>He asks "What solid pleasure is there not to be found in gardening? Its
+pursuit is easy, quiet, and such as put neither the body nor mind into
+those violent agitations, or precipitate and imminent dangers that many
+other exercises (in themselves very warrantable) do. The end of this is
+health, peace, and plenty, and the happy prospect of felicities more
+durable than any thing in these sublunary regions, and to which this is
+(next to the duties of religion) the surest path." His attachment to
+some of our own poets, and to the classic authors of antiquity,
+discovers itself in many of his pages; and his devout turn of mind
+strongly shines throughout. His allusion to Homer, in vol. iii. page 7,
+sufficiently shews how ardently this industrious servant, this barrow
+wheeler, must have searched the great writers of ancient times, to
+discover their attachment to rural nature, and to gardens. His candid
+and submissive mind thus speaks:&mdash;"If we would, therefore, arrive at any
+greater perfection than we are in gardening, we must cashiere that
+mathematical stiffness in our gardens, and imitate nature more; how that
+is to be done, will appear in the following chapters, which though they
+may not be, as new designs scarce ever are, the most perfect, it will at
+least excite some after-master to take pen and pencil in hand, and
+finish what is here thus imperfectly begun, and this is my comfort, that
+I shall envy no man that does it. I have, God be praised, learned to
+admire, and not envy every one that outgoes me: and this will, I hope,
+go a great way in making me easy and happy under the pressures of a very
+narrow fortune, and amidst the ruffles of an ill-natured world. I have
+tasted too severely of the lashes of man, to take any great
+satisfaction<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> in any thing but doing my duty."<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a> In his devout and
+magnificent Essay on the Sun, he says, "'tis admirable that this planet
+should, through so many ages of the world, maintain an uninterrupted
+course, that in so many thousands of revolving years, it should retain
+the same light, heat, and vigour, and every morning renew its wonted
+alacrity, and dart its cherishing beams on these dull and gloomy scenes
+of melancholy and misery, and yet that so few of us rightly consider its
+power, or are thankful to Divine Omnipotence for it. The great Roscommon
+(not greater than good) speaks of it with divine transport, and exhorts
+mankind to admire it, from the benefits and celestial beams it displays
+on the world:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Great eye of all, whose glorious ray</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rules the bright empire of the day;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O praise his name, without whose purer light</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thou hadst been hid in an abyss of night."<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Switzer (as appears from the Preface to his Iconologia) was so struck
+with the business and pleasures of a country life, that he collected, or
+meant to collect, whatever he could respecting this subject, scattered
+up and down as they were in loose irregular papers and books; but this
+work, we regret to say, never made its appearance. That he would have
+done this well, may be guessed at from so many of his pages<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> recording
+what he calls "the eternal duration" of Virgil's works, or those of "the
+noble and majestic" Milton:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Flowers worthy of Paradise, which no nice art</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In beds, and curious knots, but nature boon</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pour'd forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Though prim regularity, and "parterres embroidered like a petticoat,"
+were in his time in high vogue, yet his pages shew his enlarged views on
+this subject, and the magnificent ideas he had formed, by surrounding
+them by rural enclosures, (probably by reading Mr. Addison), perfumed
+with blossoms, and bespangled with the rich tufts of nature. Nothing, he
+says, is now so much wanted to complete the grandeur of the British
+nation, as noble and magnificent gardens, statues, and water-works; long
+extended shady walks, and groves, and the adjacent country laid open to
+view, and not bounded by high walls. The pleasant fields, and paddocks,
+in all the beautiful attire of nature, would then appear to be a part of
+it, and look as if the adjacent country were all a garden. Walls take
+away the rural aspect of any seat; wood, water, and such like, being the
+noble and magnificent decorations of a country villa. Switzer calls
+water the spirit and most enchanting beauty of nature. He is so struck
+with "the beautifulness and nobleness of terrace walks," and
+particularly with that truly magnificent and noble one, belonging to the
+Right Honourable the Earl of Nottingham, at <i>Burleigh-on-the-Hill</i>, that
+"for my own part I must confess, that that design creates an idea in my
+mind greater than I am well able to express." In his chapter of "Woods
+and Groves," he enforces "a particular regard to large old oaks, beech,
+and such like trees; in which case, one would as soon fire one's house,
+as cut them down, since it is the work of so many years, I may say ages,
+to rear them; those ancient trees which our forefathers had all along<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+preserved with much care."<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> In some of the romantic embellishments
+which he proposed in the midst of a grove, or coppice, he hints at
+having "little gardens, with caves, little natural cascades and grotts
+of water, with seats, and arbors of honeysuckles and jessamine, and, in
+short, with all the varieties that nature and art can furnish." He
+advises "little walks and paths running through such pastures as adjoin
+the gardens, passing through little paddocks, and corn fields, sometimes
+through wild coppices, and gardens, and sometimes by purling brooks, and
+streams; places that are set off not by <i>nice art</i>, but by luxury of
+nature." And again, "these hedge-rows mixed with primroses, violets, and
+such natural sweet and pleasant flowers; the walks that thus lead
+through them, will afford as much pleasure, nay, more so, than the
+largest walk in the most magnificent and elaborate fine garden."<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> He
+concludes his interesting Chapter of Woods and Coppices, with these
+lines of Tickell:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sweet solitude! when life's gay hours are past,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Howe'er we range, in thee we fix at last:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tost thro' tempestuous seas, the voyage o'er,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pale we look back, and bless the friendly shore.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Our own strict judges, our past life we scan,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ask if glory have enlarg'd the span.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If bright the prospect, we the grave defy,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Trust future ages, and contented die.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The following appear to have been his works:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. The Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardener's Recreation; or an
+Introduction to Gardening, Planting, Agriculture, and the other
+Business and Pleasures of a Country Life. By Stephen Switzer; 1715,
+8vo. Another edition in 1717, 8vo. The year afterwards, it was
+published with the following title:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>2. Icknographia Rustica; or, the Nobleman, Gentleman, and
+Gardener's Recreation: containing Directions for the general
+Distribution of a Country Seat into rural and extensive Gardens,
+Parks, Paddocks, &amp;c.; and a General System of Agriculture;
+illustrated by a great variety of Copperplates, done by the first
+hands, <i>from the Author's Drawings</i>. By Stephen Switzer, Gardener:
+several years Servant to Mr. London, and Mr. Wise. 3 vols. 8vo.
+1718.</p>
+
+<p>3. A Compendious Method for Raising Italian Brocoli, Cardoon,
+Celeriac, and other Foreign Kitchen Vegetables; as also an Account
+of Lucerne, St. Foyne, Clover, and other Grass Seeds, with the
+Method of Burning of Clay; 8vo. 1729. Fifth edition, 8vo. 1731, 1s.
+6d.<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>4. An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostaticks and
+Hydraulicks, wherein the most advantageous Methods of Watering
+Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats, Buildings, Gardens, &amp;c. are laid
+down. With Sixty Copper Cuts of Rural and Grotesque Designs for
+Reservoirs, Cataracts, Cascades, Fountains, &amp;c.; 2 vols. 4to.
+1729.<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a></p>
+
+<p>5. A Dissertation on the True Cythesus of the Ancients; 8vo. 1731;
+1s. 6d. A classic production. At the end, he gives a Catalogue of
+the Seeds, &amp;c. sold by him at the Flower-pot, <i>over against the
+Court of Common Pleas, in Westminster; or at his garden on
+Millbank</i>.<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a></p>
+
+<p>6. Country Gentleman's Companion, or Ancient Hus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span>bandry Restored,
+and Modern Husbandry Improved; 8vo. 1732, 1s. 6d.</p>
+
+<p>7. Switzer was the chief conductor of Monthly Papers on
+Agriculture, in 2 vols. 8vo., and he himself designed the Two
+Frontispieces. To be sold at his Seed Shop <i>in Westminster Hall</i>.</p>
+
+<p>8. The Practical Fruit Gardener; 8vo. Cuts, 1717. Other editions,
+8vo. 1724, 1731, Revised and recommended by the Rev. Mr. Lawrence
+and Mr. Bradley, with their Two Letters of Recommendation.</p></div>
+
+<p>In this later edition of 1731, are a few additions. In one of its
+concluding chapters, he mentions "my worthy and ingenious friend, Sir
+James Thornhill." This pleasing volume, after stating the excellency of
+fruits, observes, "if fruit trees had no other advantage attending them
+than to <i>look</i> upon them, how pleasurable would <i>that</i> be? Since there
+is no flowering shrub excels, if equals that of a <i>peach</i>, or <i>apple
+tree</i> in bloom. The tender enamelled blossoms, verdant foliage, with
+such a glorious embroidery of festoons and fruitages, wafting their
+odours on every blast of wind, and at last bowing down their laden
+branches, ready to yield their pregnant offspring into the hands of
+their laborious planter and owner."<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Taverner</span> published, in 1660, a little Treatise,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> called The Making
+of Fish Ponds, Breeding Fish, and <i>Planting Fruits</i>. Printed several
+times, says Wood, in his Athen&aelig;.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Richard Bradley.</span> The Encyclop&aelig;dia of Gardening pronounces him "a popular
+writer of very considerable talent, and indefatigable industry;" and
+speaks highly of the interesting knowledge diffused through his very
+numerous works, and gives a distinct list of them; so does Mr. Nicholls,
+in his Life of Bowyer; and Mr. Weston, in his Tracts, and Dr. Watts, in
+his Bib. Britt. In Mr. Bradley's "New Improvements of Planting and
+Gardening," he has added the whole of that scarce Tract of Dr. Beale's,
+the <i>Herefordshire Orchards</i>. One could wish to obtain his portrait,
+were it only from his pen so well painting the alluring charms of
+flowers:&mdash;"<i>Primroses</i> and <i>Cowslips</i>, may be planted near the edges of
+borders, and near houses, for the sake of their pretty smell. I
+recommend the planting some of the common sorts that grow wild in the
+woods, in some of the most rural places about the house; for I think
+nothing can be more delightful, than to see great numbers of these
+flowers,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> accompanied with <i>Violets</i>, growing under the hedges, avenues
+of trees, and wilderness works. <i>Violets</i>, besides their beauty, perfume
+the air with a most delightful odour."<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> Mr. Bradley, it appears, from
+the Fruit Garden Kalendar, of the Rev. Mr. Lawrence, resided at Camden
+House, Kensington. They each of them in their letters, in 1717,
+subscribe themselves, "Your most affectionate friend." Mr. Lawrence
+frequently styles him "the most ingenious Mr. Bradley." Dr. Pulteney
+says he "was the author of more than twenty separate publications,
+chiefly on Gardening and Agriculture; published between the years 1716
+and 1730. His 'New Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both
+Philosophical and Practical,' 8vo. 1717, went through repeated
+impressions; as did his 'Gentleman's and Gardener's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> Kalendar,' (which
+was the fourth part of the preceding book) both at home, and in
+translations abroad. His 'Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature,'
+4to. 1721, was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and
+continued in repute several years. The same may be said of his 'General
+Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening,' 8vo. 2 vols. 1726; and of his
+'Practical Discourses concerning the Four Elements, as they relate to
+the Growth of Plants,' 8vo. 1727. His '<i>Dictionarium Botanicum</i>,' 8vo.
+1728, was, I believe, the first attempt of the kind in England." On the
+whole (says Dr. Pulteney) Bradley's writings, coinciding with the
+growing taste for gardening, the introduction of exotics, and
+improvements in husbandry, contributed to excite a more philosophical
+view of these arts, and diffuse a general and popular knowledge of them
+throughout the kingdom."<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> Mr. Bradley has given at the end of his
+curious "Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature," which is
+embellished with neat engravings, a chapter "Of the most curious Gardens
+in Europe, especially in Britain." In this chapter he justly observes,
+that "a gentle exercise in a fresh air, where the mind is engaged with
+variety of natural objects, contributes to content; and it is no new
+observation, that the trouble of the mind wears and destroys the
+constitution even of the most healthful body. All kinds of gardens
+contribute to health." This volume also preserves the account of Lord
+Ducie's noted old chesnut tree at Tortworth, supposed to be more than a
+thousand years old; and of an elm belonging to his lordship, of a truly
+gigantic growth.<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> Switzer thus speaks of Bradley:&mdash;"Mr. Bradley has
+not only shewn himself a skilful botanist, but a man of experience in
+other respects, and is every where a modest writer." Mr. Bradley died in
+1732. Some writers have dwelt much upon his dissipation; let us
+remember, however, that</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>We write in water.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Weston, in a communication inserted in the Gentleman's Magazine for
+November, 1806, says, "Although this country had a great loss by the
+death of Evelyn, yet he was succeeded, in twenty years after, by another
+of equal abilities, and indefatigable in endeavouring to improve the art
+of gardening, as Bradley's numerous works will testify."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Timothy Nourse</span>, whose "Campania F&oelig;lix," 8vo. 1700, has prefixed to
+it, a very neat engraving by Vander Gucht, of rural life. He has
+chapters on Fruit Trees; on the several kinds of Apple Trees, and on
+Cyder and Perry. In page 262 he, with great humanity, strongly pleads to
+acquit Lord Chancellor Bacon from the charge against him of corruption
+in his high office. His Essay "Of a Country House," in this work, is
+curious; particularly to those who wish to see the style of building,
+and the decorations of a country seat at that period. Mr. Nourse also
+published "A Discourse upon the Nature and Faculties of Man, with some
+Considerations upon the Occurrences of Humane Life." Printed for Jacob
+Tonson, at the Judge's Head, in Chancery-lane, 1686, 8vo. His chapter on
+Solitude, wherein he descants on the delights of rural scenery and
+gardens; and his conclusion, directing every man towards the attainment
+of his own felicity, are worth perusing. That on Death is forcibly
+written; he calls it "no more than for a man to close up all the
+travails, pains, and misfortunes of life, with one sweet and eternal
+sleep; he is now at everlasting rest; the fears and misery of poverty,
+the anxieties of riches, the vexations of a process, do not devour him.
+He does not fear the calumnies of the base, nor the frowns of the great.
+'Tis death which delivers the prisoner from his fetters, and the slave
+and captive from his chain; 'tis death which rescues the servant from
+the endless toils of a laborious life, the poor from oppression, and
+makes the beggar equal with princes. Here desperation finds a remedy,
+all the languors of disease, all the frustrations and tediousness of
+life, all the infirmities of age, all the disquiets of the passions, and
+all the calamities of fortune, with whatever can make a man miserable,
+vanish in these shades." In his very curious "Essay of a Country House,"
+he thus moralizes:&mdash;"The variety of flowers, beautiful and fragrant,
+with which his gardens are adorned, opening themselves, and dying one
+after another, must ad<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>monish him of the fading state of earthly
+pleasures, of the frailty of life, and of the succeeding generations to
+which he must give place. The constant current of a fountain, or a
+rivulet, must remind of the flux of time, which never returns."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Samuel Collins</span>, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> of Archeton, Northamptonshire, author of "Paradise
+Retrieved; 1717, 8vo. In the Preface to the Lady's Recreation, by
+Charles Evelyn, Esq. he is extremely severe on this "Squire Collins,"
+whom he accuses of ignorance and arrogance.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Evelyn</span>, son of the author of <i>Sylva</i>. His genius early displayed
+itself; for when little more than fifteen, he wrote a Greek poem, which
+must have some merit, because his father has prefixed it to the second
+edition of his <i>Sylva</i>. In Mr. Nicoll's Collection of Poems, are some by
+him. There are two poems of his in Dryden's Miscellany. He translated
+Plutarch's Life of Alexander from the Greek; and the History of Two
+Grand Viziers, from the French. When only nineteen, he translated from
+the Latin, Rapin on Gardens. He died in 1698. The Quarterly Review, in
+its review of Mr. Bray's Memoirs of Evelyn, thus speaks of this son, and
+of his father:&mdash;"It was his painful lot to follow to the grave his only
+remaining son, in the forty-fourth year of his age, a man of much
+ability and reputation, worthy to have supported the honour of his name.
+Notwithstanding these repeated sorrows, and the weight of nearly
+fourscore years, Evelyn still enjoyed uninterrupted health, and
+unimpaired faculties; he enjoyed also the friendship of the wise and the
+good, and the general esteem beyond any other individual of his
+age."<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Fairchild</span>, whose garden and vineyard at Hoxton, Mr. Bradley
+mentions in high terms, in numberless pages of his many works. I will
+merely quote from one of his works, viz. from his Philosophical Account
+of the Works of Nature:&mdash;"that curious garden of Mr. Thomas Fairchild,
+at Hoxton, where I find the greatest collection of fruits that I have
+yet seen, and so regularly disposed, both for order in time of ripening
+and good pruning of the several kinds, that I do not know any person in
+Europe to excel him in that particular; and in other things he is no
+less happy in his choice of such curiosities, as a good judgement and
+universal correspondence can procure." Mr. Fairchild published The City
+Gardener; 8vo. 1722, price 1s. He corresponded with Linn&aelig;us. He left
+funds for a Botanical Sermon to be delivered annually at St. Leonard,
+Shoreditch, on each Whitsun Tuesday, "On the wonderful works of God in
+the creation, or on the certainty of the resurrection of the dead,
+proved by the certain changes of the animal and vegetable parts of the
+creation."<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> Dr. Pulteney thus speaks of Mr. Fairchild:&mdash;"My plan does
+not allow me to deviate so far as to cite authors on the subject of
+gardening, unless eminent for their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> acquaintance with English botany.
+Some have distinguished themselves in this way; and I cannot omit to
+mention, with applause, the names of Fairchild, Knowlton, Gordon, and
+Miller. The first of these made himself known to the Royal Society, by
+some 'New Experiments relating to the different, and sometimes contrary
+motion of the Sap;' which were printed in the Phil. Trans. vol. xxxiii.
+He also assisted in making experiments, by which the sexes of plants
+were illustrated, and the doctrine confirmed. Mr. Fairchild died in
+November, 1729."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">George Rickets</span>, of Hoxton, was much noted about 1688 and 1689. Rea, in
+his Flora, says of him, "Mr. Rickets, of Hogsden, often remembered, the
+best and most faithful florist now about London." Rea describes, in his
+Flora, one hundred and ninety different kinds of tulips, and says, "All
+these tulips, and <i>many others</i>, may be had of Mr. Rickets." Worlidge
+thus speaks of him:&mdash;"he hath the greatest variety of the choicest
+apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, malacolones,
+noctorines, figgs, vines, currans, gooseberries, rasberries, mulberries,
+medlars, walnuts,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> nuts, filberts, chesnuts, &amp;c. that any man hath, and
+can give the best account of their natures and excellencies." And again
+he says, "the whole nation is obliged to the industry of the ingenious
+Mr. George Rickets, gardner at Hoxton or Hogsden without Bishopsgate,
+near London, at the sign of the Hand there; who can furnish any planter
+with all or most of the fruit trees before mentioned, having been for
+many years a most laborious and industrious collector of the best
+species of all sorts of fruit from foreign parts. And hath also the
+richest and most complete collection of all the great variety of
+flower-bearing trees and shrubs in the kingdom. That there is not a day
+in the year, but the trees, as well as the most humble plants, do there
+yield ornaments for Flora; with all sorts of curious and pleasant
+winter-greens, that seemed to perpetuate the spring and summer, from the
+most humble myrtle, to the very true cedar of Libanus. Not without
+infinite variety of tulips, auriculaes, anemones, gillyflowers, and
+all other sorts of pleasant, and delicate flowers, that he may be truly
+said to be the master-flowrist of England; and is ready to furnish any
+ingenious person with any of his choicest plants."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Cowel</span> appears to have been a noted gardener at Hoxton, about 1729.
+He was the author of the "Curious and Profitable Gardener."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Hugh Stafford</span>, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> of Pynes, in Devonshire, who published, in 1729, "A
+Treatise on Cyder Making, with a Catalogue of Cyder Apples of Character;
+to which is prefixed, a Dissertation on Cyder, and Cyder-Fruit." Another
+edition in 1753.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Benjamin Whitmill</span>, Sen. and Jun. Gardeners at Hoxton, published the
+sixth edition, in small 8vo. of their "Kalendarium Universale: or, the
+Gardener's Universal Calen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>dar." The following is part of their
+Preface:&mdash;"The greatest persons, in all ages, have been desirous of a
+country retirement, where every thing appears in its native simplicity.
+The inhabitants are religious, the fair sex modest, and every
+countenance bears a picture of the heart. What, therefore, can be a more
+elegant amusement, to a good and great man, than to inspect the
+beautiful product of fields and gardens, when every month hath its
+pleasing variety of plants and flowers. And if innocence be our greatest
+happiness, where can we find it but in a country life? In fields and
+gardens we have pleasures unenvied, and beauties unsought for; and any
+discovery for the improvement of them, is highly praiseworthy. In the
+growth of a plant, or a tree, we view the progress of nature, and ever
+observe that all her works yield beauty and entertainment. To cultivate
+this beauty, is a task becoming the wealthy, the polite, and the
+learned; this is so generally understood, that there are few gentlemen
+of late, who are not themselves their chief gardeners. And it certainly
+redounds more to the honour and satisfaction of a gardener, that he is a
+preserver and pruner of all sorts of fruit trees, than it does to the
+happiness of the greatest general that he has been successful in killing
+mankind."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Samuel Trowel</span>, of Poplar, published, in 1739, A New Treatise of
+Husbandry and Gardening; 12mo. 2s. 6d. This was translated in Germain,
+at Leipsig, 1750, in 8vo.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Francis Coventry</span>, who wrote an admirable paper in the <i>World</i>, (No.
+15,) on the absurd novelties introduced in gardens. He wrote Penshurst,
+in Dodsley's Poems.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Justice</span>, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> published the "Scot's Gardener's Director," 8vo. A
+new edition, entitled "The <i>British</i> Gardener's Director, chiefly
+adapted to the Climate of the Northern Counties," was published at
+<i>Edinburgh</i>, 1764, 8vo.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> The Encyclop&aelig;dia of Gardening calls his book
+"an original and truly valuable work;" and in page 87, 846, and 1104,
+gives some interesting particulars of this gentleman's passion for
+gardening.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Gibson</span>, M.D. author of "The Fruit Gardener," to which he has
+prefixed an interesting Preface on the Fruit Gardens of the Ancients. In
+this Preface he also relates the origin of fruit gardens, by the
+hermits, and monastic orders. In his Introduction, he says, that "every
+kind of fruit tree seems to contend in spring, who shall best entertain
+the possessor with the beauty of their blossoms. Mankind are always
+happy with the prospect of plenty; in no other scene is it exhibited
+with such charming variety, as in the fruit garden and orchard. Are
+gentlemen fond of indulging their tastes? Nature, from the plentiful
+productions of the above, regales them with a variety of the finest
+flavours and exalted relishes. To cool us in the heat of summer, she
+copiously unites the acid to an agreeable sweetness. Flowering shrubs
+and trees are often purchased by gentlemen at a high price; yet not one
+of them can compare in beauty with an <i>apple tree</i>, when beginning to
+expand its blossoms."<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> Speaking of the greengage, he says, "its taste
+is so exquisitely sweet and delicious, that nothing can exceed it." He
+enlivens many of his sections on the cultivation of various fruits, by
+frequent allusions to Theophrastus, Virgil,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> Pliny, and other <i>Rei
+rustica scriptores</i>. His chapter on Pears, (the various kinds of which
+possess "a profusion of sweets, heightened by an endless variety of
+delicious flavours,") is particularly profuse. So is that on Apples.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Rutter</span> published, in 1767, Modern Eden, or the Gardener's
+Universal Guide; 8vo.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Dicks</span> published, in 1769, The New Gardener's Dictionary; in sixty
+numbers, small folio, 30s. Blyth.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Garton</span> published, in 1769, The Practical Gardener; 8vo. 3s. Dilly.</p>
+
+
+<p>---- <span class="smcap">Wildman</span> published, in 1768, a Treatise on the Culture of Pear
+Trees: to which is added, a Treatise on the Management of Bees; 12mo.
+Dublin.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Anthony Powel</span>, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> Gardener to George II. published The Royal Gardener;
+12mo. 1769.</p>
+
+
+<p>---- <span class="smcap">Ockenden</span>, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> published, in 1770, Letters, describing the Lake of
+Killarney, and Rueness's Gardens; 8vo. Dublin.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Hitt</span> published his Treatise on Fruit Trees, 8vo. 1775. A third
+edition in 1768. Mr. Loudon calls it "an original work, valuable for its
+mode of training trees." He also published, in 1760, a Treatise on
+Husbandry; 8vo. 3s.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Adam Taylor</span>, Gardener to J. Sutton, Esq. at New Park, near Devizes,
+published a Treatise on the Ananas, or Pine Apple: containing Plain and
+Easy Directions for Raising this most excellent Fruit without Fire, and
+in much higher<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> perfection than from the Stove; to which are added, Full
+Directions for Raising Melons. Devizes, 8vo. 1769.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Meader</span>, Gardener at Sion House, and afterwards to the Empress
+Catharine. He published, in 1771, in 12mo. The Modern Gardener, &amp;c. in a
+manner never before published; selected from the Diary MSS. of the late
+Mr. Hitt. Also, The Planter's Guide, or Pleasure Gardener's Companion;
+with plates, 1779, oblong 4to.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Richard Weston</span>, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> an amateur gardener, who has given, at the end of
+his "Tracts on Practical Agriculture, and Gardening," 1762, 8vo. a
+Catalogue of English Authors on Agriculture, Gardening, &amp;c. There is
+another edition in 1773, with additions. His intelligent Catalogue is
+brought down to the end of the year 1772. This volume of Tracts contains
+an infinity of ingenious and curious articles. One of the chapters
+contains "A Plan for Planting all the Turnpike Roads in England with
+Timber Trees."<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> He most zealously wishes to encourage planting. "I
+believe (says this candid writer) that one of the principal reasons why
+few persons plant, springs from a fearful conjecture that their days
+will have been passed, before the forest can have risen. But let not the
+parent harbour so selfish an idea; it should be his delight, to look
+forward to the advantage which his children would receive from the
+timber which he planted, contented if it flourished every year beneath
+his inspection; surely there is much more pleasure in planting of trees,
+than in cutting of them down. View but the place where a fine tree
+stands, what an emblem does it afford of present beauty and of future
+use; examine the spot after the noble ornament shall have been felled,
+and see how desolate it will appear. Perhaps there is not a better
+method of inducing youth to have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> an early inclination for planting,
+than for fathers, who have a landed estate, to persuade those children
+who are to inherit it, as soon as they come to years of discretion, to
+make a small nursery, and to let them have the management of it
+themselves; they will then see the trees yearly thriving under their
+hands: as an encouragement to them, they should, when the trees are at a
+fit growth to plant out, let them have the value of them for their
+pocket money. This will, in their tender years, fix so strong an idea of
+the value, and the great consequence of planting, as will never be
+eradicated afterwards; and many youths, of the age of twenty-five,
+having planted quick growing trees, may see the industry of their
+juvenile years amply rewarded at that early age, a time when most young
+men begin to know the value of money."<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> Pope, in one of his
+letters to Mr. Allen, thus discovers his own generous mind:&mdash;"I am now
+as busy in planting for myself as I was lately in planting for another.
+I am pleased to think my trees will afford shade and fruit to others,
+when I shall want them no more." Mr. Addison's admirable recommendation
+of planting, forms No. 583 of the Spectator. He therein says, "When a
+man considers that the putting a few twigs in the ground, is doing good
+to one who will make his appearance in the world about fifty years
+hence, or that he is perhaps making one of his own descendants easy or
+rich, by so inconsiderable an expence; if he finds himself averse to it,
+he must conclude that he has a poor and base heart. Most people are of
+the humour of an old fellow of a college, who, when he was pressed by
+the society to come into something<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> that might redound to the good of
+their successors, grew very peevish. <i>We are always doing</i>, says he,
+<i>something for posterity, but I would fain see posterity do something
+for us.</i>"<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> Mr. Weston also published The Universal Botanist and
+Nursery; 1770, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. The Gardener and Planter's Calendar,
+containing the Method of Raising Timber Trees, Fruit Trees, and Quicks
+for Hedges; with Directions for Forming and Managing a Garden every
+Month in the Year; also many New Improvements in the Art of Gardening;
+8vo. 1773. Mr. Weston then appears to have lived at Kensington Gore. The
+Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1806, says, that he died at
+Leicester, in 1806, aged seventy-four. He was formerly a thread hosier
+there. It gives an amusing and full list of his various publications,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+particularly of his intended "Natural History of Strawberries."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">George Mason.</span> The best edition of his "Essay on Design in Gardening,"
+appears to have been that of 1795, in 8vo. Two Appendixes were published
+in 1798, which are said to have been written by Mr. U. Price. In Mr.
+Nichols's fourth volume of Illustrations of the Literary History of the
+Eighteenth Century, are some particulars of Mr. Mason. He published
+Hoccleve's Poems, with a Glossary; an Answer to Thomas Paine; the Life
+of Lord Howe; a Supplement to Johnson's Dictionary: in the ill-tempered
+preface to which, he thus strangely speaks of that Dictionary:&mdash;"this
+muddiness of intellect sadly besmears and defaces almost every page of
+the composition." This is only a small instance of his virulence against
+Johnson in this preface. One would have thought that Mr. Mason's
+sarcasms would have been softened, or even subdued, by its glowing and
+eloquent preface, which informs us that this great work was composed
+"without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile
+of favour." I am sorry to say, that Mr. Mason, even in the above Essay,
+discovers, in three instances, his animosity to our "Dictionary writer,"
+for so he calls Dr. Johnson. Mr. Boswell, speaking of Johnson's preface,
+says, "We cannot contemplate without wonder, the vigorous and splendid
+thoughts which so highly distinguish that performance;"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> and on the
+Dictionary he observes, that "the world contemplated with wonder, so
+stupendous a work, achieved by one man, while other countries had
+thought such undertakings fit only for whole academies." Linn&aelig;us and
+Haller styled Ray's History of Plants, <i>opus immensi laboris</i>. One may
+justly apply the same words to this Dictionary. It was well for Mr.
+Mason that he escaped (what Miss Seward called) "the dead-doing
+broadside of Dr. Johnson's satire." George Mason omits no opportunity of
+censuring Mr. Whateley's Observations on Modern Gardening. In the above
+Essay, he censures him in seven different pages, and in his distinct
+chapter or division on this book of Mr. Whateley's, (consisting of
+thirteen pages) there are no less than thirty-three additional sneers,
+or faults, found with his opinions. He does not acknowledge in him one
+single solitary merit, except at page 191. In page 160, he nearly, if
+not quite, calls him a <i>fool</i>, and declares that <i>vanity</i> is the passion
+to which he is constantly sacrificing.<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> It would be an insult to any
+one who has read Mr. Whateley's work, to endeavour to clear him from
+such a virulent and ill-founded attack. Neither Dr. Johnson, with all
+his deep learning, nor Mr. Whateley, with all the cultivated fancy of a
+rich scholastic mind, would either of them have been able to comprehend,
+or to understand, or even to make head or tail of the first half of Mr.
+George Mason's poem, with which he closes the above edition of his
+Essay. As he has been so caustically severe against Dr. Johnson, it
+cannot be ungenerous if one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> applies to the above part of his own poem,
+the language of a French critic on another subject:&mdash;"Le style en est
+dur, et scabreux. Il semble que l'auteur a ramass&eacute; les termes les plus
+extraordinaires pour se rendre inintelligible." Percy, Bishop of
+Dromore, in vol. x. page 602, of the British Critic, has given a
+critique of Mr. Mason's edition of Hoccleve, in which he chastises its
+injustice, arrogance, and ignorance. Mr. Mason has been more liberal in
+warmly praising Kent, and Shenstone, in acknowledging the great taste
+and elegance of Mr. Thomas Warton, when the latter notices Milton's line
+of</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Bosom'd high in tufted trees,</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>which picturesque remark of Mr. Warton's could not have been excelled
+even by the nice and critical pen of the late Sir U. Price; and when he
+informs us, in more than one instance, of the great Earl of Chatham's
+"turning his mind to the embellishment of rural nature."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Whateley</span>, on whose "Observations on Modern Gardening," the
+Encyclop&aelig;dia of Gardening (that most comprehensive assemblage of every
+thing delightful and curious in this art,) observes, "It is remarkable,
+that so little is known of a writer, the beauty of whose style, and the
+justness of whose taste, are universally acknowledged." The same work
+further says, "his excellent book, so frequently referred to by all
+succeeding writers on garden scenery, ought to be in the hands of every
+man of taste." And the same work still further observes, that "its style
+has been pronounced by Ensor, inimitable, and the descriptions with
+which his investigations are accompanied, have been largely copied, and
+amply praised by Alison, in his work On Taste. The book was soon
+translated into the continental languages, and is judiciously praised in
+the <i>Mercure de France</i>, <i>Journal Encyclop&eacute;dique</i>, and Weiland's
+<i>Journal</i>. G. Mason alone<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> dissents from the general opinion, enlarging
+on the very few faults or peculiarities which are to be found in the
+book. Wheatley, or Whately (for so little is known of this eminent man,
+that we have never been able to ascertain satisfactorily the orthography
+of his name,) was proprietor of Nonsuch Park, in Surrey; and was
+secretary to the Earl of Suffolk. He published only this work, soon
+after which he died. After his death, some remarks on Shakspeare, from
+his pen, were published in a small 12mo." A second edition of this
+elegant little work was published in 1808, by Parson, Oxford; or
+Rivington, St. Paul's; in which, the advertisement to the reader informs
+us, that "the respectable author intended to have gone through eight or
+ten of the principal characters of Shakspeare, but suspended his design,
+in order to finish his Observations on Modern Gardening, first published
+in the year 1770; immediately after which time, <i>he was engaged in such
+an active scene of public life</i>, as left him but little leisure to
+attend to the Belles Lettres; and in the year 1772 he died."<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>His remarks on some of the characters of Shakspeare (whom, in his
+<i>Observations</i>, he calls <i>the great master of nature</i>) breathe in many
+of his pages, that fire, which he could have caught only from those of
+the great poet. Such was his eagerness to complete his <i>Observations</i>,
+that he for a short while "suspended his design" of examining other
+characters of the poet, when the bright effusions of his genius "fled up
+to the stars from whence they came." This elegant little work is merely
+a fragment, nay, even an unfinished fragment. It must, then, cause deep
+regret, that death should so prematurely have deprived us of that rich
+treasure of animated thoughts, which, no doubt, would have sprung from
+his further tracing the poet's deep and piercing knowledge of the human
+heart. One may safely apply to Mr. Whateley, what he himself applies to
+the poet:&mdash;"He had a genius to express all that his penetration could
+discover." The Journal Encyclop&eacute;dique, Juilliet, 1771, when speaking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> of
+the French translation of Whateley's Observations, says, "On ne peut
+gu&egrave;res se faire une id&eacute;e de ces jardins, si l'on n'a &eacute;t&eacute; &agrave; Londres.
+Accoutum&eacute;s &agrave; la sym&eacute;trie des n&ocirc;tres, nous n'imaginons pas qu'on puisse
+&eacute;tablir une forme irreguli&egrave;re, comme une regle principale: cependant
+ceux qui sentent combien la noble simplicit&eacute; de la nature est sup&eacute;rieure
+&agrave; tous les rafinemens sym&eacute;triques de l'art, donneront peuet&ecirc;tre la
+pr&eacute;ference aux jardins Anglois. C'est l'effet que doit produire la
+lecture de cet ouvrage, qui quoique destin&eacute; aux amateurs et aux
+compositeurs des jardins, offre aux gens de go&ucirc;t, aux artistes et
+sur-tout aux peintres, des observations fines et singulieres sur
+plusieurs effets de perspective et sur les arts en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral; aux
+philosophes, des r&eacute;flections justes sur les affections de notre ame; aux
+po&euml;tes, des descriptions exactes, quoique vives, des plus beaux jardins
+d'Angleterre dans tous les genres, qui d&eacute;c&egrave;lent dans l'Auteur un &oelig;il
+infiment exerc&eacute;, une grande connoissance des beaux arts, une belle
+imagination et un esprit accoutum&eacute; &agrave; penser."</p>
+
+<p>The "bloom of an orchard, the festivity of a hay field, and the carols
+of harvest home," could not have met with a more cheerful and benevolent
+pen than Mr. Whateley's; a love of country pervades many of his pages;
+nor could any one have traced the placid scenery, or rich magnificence
+of nature, with a happier pen than when he records the walk to the
+cottage at Claremont, the grandeur and majesty of the scene at
+<i>Blenheim</i>, or <i>Stowe</i>, <i>Persfield</i>, <i>Wotton</i> in the vale of
+Aylesbury&mdash;the rugged, savage, and craggy points of <i>Middleton Dale</i>, "a
+chasm rent in the mountain by some convulsion of nature, beyond the
+memory of man, or perhaps before the island was peopled," with its many
+rills, springs, rivulets, and water-falls&mdash;the vast cliffs of rocks at
+<i>Matlock</i>, <i>Bath</i>, that "scene of romantic magnificence; from such
+scenes, probably, was conceived the wild imagination, in ancient
+mythology, of the giants piling <i>Pelion</i> upon <i>Ossa</i>; the loftiness of
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> rocks, and the character of the <i>Derwent</i>, a torrent in which force
+and fury prevail; the cascades in it are innumerable; before the water
+is recovered from one fall, it is hurried down another; and its
+agitation being thus increased by repeated shocks, it pushes on with
+restless violence to the next, where it dashes against fragments of
+rocks, or foams among heaps of stones which the stream has driven
+together"&mdash;the dusky gloom at the iron forge, "close to the cascade of
+the Weir, (between <i>Ross</i> and <i>Monmouth</i>) where the agitation of the
+current is increased by large fragments of rocks, which have been swept
+down by floods from the banks, or shivered by tempests from the brow;
+and the sullen sound, at stated intervals, from the strokes of the great
+hammers in the forge, deadens the roar of the water-fall"&mdash;the solitude,
+the loveliness, and the stillness of <i>Dovedale</i>, "the whole of which has
+the air of enchantment; grotesque as chance can cast, wild as nature can
+produce"&mdash;the monkish tomb-stones, and the monuments of benefactors long
+since forgotten, which appear above the green sward, at <i>Tintern Abbey</i>,
+with its maimed effigies, and sculpture worn with age and weather&mdash;his
+view to the approach to Lord <i>Cadogan's</i>, near <i>Reading</i>&mdash;his feeling
+and enchanting description of the <i>Leasowes</i>&mdash;"the wonderful efforts
+which art has made at <i>Painshill</i> to rival nature;" where the massy
+richness of its hanging wood "gives an air of grandeur to the
+whole"&mdash;the <i>Tinian</i>, and other lawns, and noble and magnificent views
+in that vast sylvan scene <i>Hagley</i>, where, in a spot which once
+delighted Mr. Pope, is inscribed an urn to his memory, "which, when
+shewn by a gleam of moonlight through the trees, fixes that
+thoughtfulness and composure to which the mind is insensibly led by the
+rest of this elegant scene."</p>
+
+<p>His section "Of the Seasons," where he descants on the <i>spirit</i> of the
+morning, the <i>excess</i> of noon, or the <i>temperance</i> of evening," must
+strike every one by its felicity of style; and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span> reader may judge of
+the rich pages which this book contains, even from what he says of
+water:&mdash;"It accommodates itself to every situation; is the most
+interesting object in a landscape, and the happiest circumstance in a
+retired recess; captivates the eye at a distance, invites approach, and
+is delightful when near; it refreshes an open exposure; it animates a
+shade; cheers the dreariness of a waste, and enriches the most crowded
+view; in form, in style, and in extent, may be made equal to the
+greatest compositions, or adapted to the least; it may spread in a calm
+expanse to soothe the tranquillity of a peaceful scene; or hurrying
+along a devious course, add splendour to a gay, and extravagance to a
+romantic, situation. So various are the characters which water can
+assume, that there is scarcely an idea in which it may not concur, or an
+impression which it cannot enforce; a deep stagnated pool, dank and dark
+with shades which it dimly reflects, befits the seat of melancholy; even
+a river, if it be sunk between two dismal banks, and dull both in motion
+and colour, is like a hollow eye which deadens the countenance; and over
+a sluggard, silent stream, creeping heavily along all together, hangs a
+gloom, which no art can dissipate, nor even the sunshine disperse. A
+gently murmuring rill, clear and shallow, just gurgling, just dimpling,
+imposing silence, suits with solitude, and leads to meditation; a
+brisker current, which wantons in little eddies over a bright sandy
+bottom, or babbles among pebbles, spreads cheerfulness all around; a
+greater rapidity, and more agitation, to a certain degree are animating;
+but in excess, instead of wakening, they alarm the senses; the roar and
+the rage of a torrent, its force, its violence, its impetuosity, tend to
+inspire terror; that terror, which, whether as cause or effect, is so
+nearly allied to sublimity."<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Daniel Malthus, Esq.</span> purchased, in 1759, the Rookery, near Dorking,
+noted for its beauties of hill, dale, wood, and water; he sold it in
+1768. He translated Gerardin, <i>De la Composition des Paysages</i>, 12mo.
+1783, to which he prefixed a preface, being, chiefly, remarks on what
+the gardens of the Greeks and Romans were; a view of Rosseau's tomb is
+prefixed. Mr. Malthus justly observes, that this Essay "is full of the
+most insinuating eloquence, that it is wrote by the friend of Rousseau,
+and from scenes which realize some of its most beautiful descriptions."
+He further observes, that "trifling as this enquiry will appear in
+itself, it may add something towards the benevolent purpose of M.
+d'Ernonville, which is to make men sensible of the exhaustless charms of
+nature, to lead them back to their simple and original tastes, to
+promote the variety and resources of a country life, and to unite its
+usefulness with its embellishment."<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Kennedy</span> published a Treatise upon Planting, Gardening, &amp;c. 8vo.
+<i>York</i>, 1776.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">N. Swinden</span>, "an ingenious gardener and seedsman at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> Brentford-End,"
+wrote The Beauties of Flora Displayed; 8vo. 1778.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Samuel Fulmer</span> wrote The Young Gardener's Best Companion for the Kitchen,
+and Fruit Garden; 12mo. 1781.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Charles Bryant</span> published Flora Dietetica; or, the History of Esculent
+Plants: 8vo. 1785. Also, a Dictionary of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and
+Plants; 8vo. <i>Norwich</i>, 1790.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Joseph Heeley, Esq.</span> author of Letters on the Beauties of Hagley, Envil,
+and the Leasowes; with Critical Remarks on the Modern Taste in
+Gardening; 1777, 2 vols. 12mo.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Kyle</span>, or <span class="smcap">Keil</span>, "one of the first gardeners in Scotland, of his
+time," published a Treatise on the Management of the Peach and Nectarine
+Trees: to which is added, the Method of Raising and Forcing Vines; 8vo.
+<i>Edinb.</i> 1785. A second edition in 1787.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Marshall, Esq.</span> who, in his "Planting and Rural Ornament," has
+very properly transcribed the whole<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> of that masterly production of Mr.
+Walpole's pen, his <i>History of the Modern Taste in Gardening</i>. He
+observes, that "a pen guided by so masterly a hand, must ever be
+productive of information and entertainment, when employed upon a
+subject so truly interesting. Desirous of conveying to our readers all
+the information which we can compress, with propriety, within the limits
+of our plan, we wished to have given the <i>substance</i> of this valuable
+paper; but finding it already in the language of simplicity, and being
+aware of the mischiefs which generally ensue in <i>meddling</i> with the
+productions of genius, we had only one alternative: either wholly to
+transcribe, or wholly to reject." Mr. Marshall, alluding to the above
+work of his, says, "Wheatley, Mason, and Nature, with some Experience,
+and much Observation, are the principal sources from which this part of
+our work was drawn; it was planned, and in part written, among the
+magnificent scenes of nature, in Monmouthshire, Herefordshire, and
+Gloucestershire, where the rich and the romantic are happily blended, in
+a manner unparalleled in any other part of the island." In this same
+work is preserved, Mr. Gray's letter on the scenery of <i>Grasmere Water</i>.
+His descriptions of many trees and shrubs are extremely interesting; and
+he has rendered them more so by his frequent quotations from Mr.
+Hanbury. He also published, in 8vo. The Rural Economy of the Southern
+Counties; 2 vols.&mdash;of the Midland Counties, 2 vols.&mdash;of Gloucestershire,
+2 vols.&mdash;of Norfolk, 2 vols.&mdash;of Yorkshire, 2 vols.&mdash;Agriculture of the
+Southern Counties, 2 vols.&mdash;Minutes of Agriculture&mdash;and a Review of the
+Landscape, a didactic poem&mdash;and of an Essay on the Picturesque. The
+Encyclop. of Gardening, after relating varied information respecting
+him, says, that he "finally retired to a considerable property he
+possessed in his native county, in the Vale of Cleveland, in 1808, where
+he died, at an advanced age, in 1819. He was a man of little education,
+but of a strong and steady mind: and pursued, in the most consistent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span>
+manner, from the year 1780 to his death, the plan he originally laid
+down; that of collecting and condensing the agricultural practices of
+the different counties of England, with a view to a general work on
+Landed Property, which he published; another on Agriculture, which he
+did not live to complete, and a <i>Rural Institute</i>, in which he was
+supplanted by the Board of Agriculture." His observations on the
+<i>Larch</i>, in vol. i. of his "Planting and Rural Ornament," and the zeal
+with which he recommends the planting of it on the infertile heathy
+flats of Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire, on the bleak and barren heights
+of Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Cornwall, and Devon, and on the Welch and
+Salopean hills; and the powerful language with which he enforces its
+valuable qualities, merit the attention of every man of property.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Speechly.</span> He wrote Hints on Domestic Rural Economy; 8vo. On the
+Culture of the Vine and Pine Apple, with Hints on the Formation of
+Vineyards in England. On the Culture of the Pine Apple, and the
+Management of the Hot-House; 8vo. He made a tour in Holland, chiefly to
+observe the Dutch mode of cultivating the Pine, and the Grape. Mr.
+Loudon, in his Encyclop. calls him "the Moses of modern British vine
+dressers;" and in the Gardener's Magazine for January, 1828, has given
+an interesting and honourable character of him. He died at Great Milton,
+in 1819, aged eighty-six.<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> Marshall, in his Planting and Rural<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>
+Ornament, has given us Mr. Speechley's sensible letter on the Duke of
+Portland's Plantations. Mr. Johnson says "he perhaps surpassed every
+practical gardener of his age."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Philip le Brocq</span>, chaplain to the Duke of Gloucester, wrote,</p>
+
+<p>1, A Description of Certain Methods of Planting, Training, and Managing
+all Kinds of Fruit Trees, Vines, &amp;c. London, 8vo. 1786.</p>
+
+<p>2, Sketch of a Plan for making the New Forest, a Real Forest.
+<i>Stockdale</i>, 8vo. 1793.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Walter Nichol</span>, whom Mr. Loudon, in his Encyclop&aelig;dia, calls an author of
+merit, and informs us that Mr. Nichol, "in the year 1810, undertook an
+extensive journey through England, for the purpose of visiting the
+principal seats and plantations, with a view, on his return, to compose
+the <i>Planter's Calendar</i>. This work had scarcely commenced, when he was
+seized with an illness which carried him off suddenly, in March, 1811."
+His works appear to be the following:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>The Gardener's Kalendar; or, Monthly Directory of every Branch of
+Horticulture; 8vo.</p>
+
+<p>The Planter's Kalendar; or, the Nurseryman's and Forester's Guide; 8vo.</p>
+
+<p>The Villa Garden Directory; or, Monthly Index of Work to be done in
+Gardens, Shrubberies, &amp;c.; 12mo.</p>
+
+<p>Scotch Forcing Gardener; 8vo.</p>
+
+<p>The Practical Planter.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Johnson says "his works are of the first authority, and rank as the
+equals of those of Abercrombie, being the result of long practice during
+an enlightened era of our art."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Maddock</span>, of the Society of Friends, and commercial florist, at
+Walworth, where, about the middle of last century, he established the
+florist garden there, now belonging to Milliken and Curtis. He died
+about 1806. He published the Florist's Directory, and Complete Treatise
+on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> Culture of Flowers; 8vo. 1792. New editions in 1810 and 1822.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas S. D. Bucknall</span>, Esq. published the Orchardist; extracted from the
+Society's Trans. for the Encouragement of Arts, &amp;c.; <i>with additions</i>.
+8vo. 1797.</p>
+
+<p>I had omitted the following, for which I am indebted to Mr. Johnson's
+History of English Gardening:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Richard Richardson.</span> De cultu Hortorum, Carmen. 4to. London, 1669.</p>
+
+<p>Of either of the above enumerated Authors on Gardening, I have not been
+able to discover any Portrait.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;">
+<img src="images/fig124-300dpi.jpg" width="300" height="280" alt="" title="decoration" />
+</div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of the following we <i>have</i> Portraits:&mdash;</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Leonard Mascall's</span> portrait appears at the bottom of the curious title
+page to his "Government of Cattle," 4to. and is <i>scarce</i>. He published,
+in 1572, "The New Art of Planting and Grafting;" 4to. and in 12mo.
+Another edition in 1652.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dr. William Bulleyn</span> practised physic at Durham. He died in 1576. He had
+the misfortune to lose great part of his library by shipwreck. He was
+thrown into prison for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> debt, where he wrote a great part of his medical
+treatises. Bishop Tanner says he was a man of acute judgment, and true
+piety. He was universally esteemed as a polished scholar, and as a man
+of probity, benevolence, and piety. I gather the following from Dr.
+Pulteney:&mdash;"Of Dr. Bulleyn there is a profile with a long beard, before
+his "Government of Health," and a whole length of him, in wood, prefixed
+to the "Bulwarke of Defence;" which book is a collection of most of his
+works. He was an ancestor of the late Dr. Stukely, who, in 1722, was at
+the expence of having a small head of him engraved. He proves that we
+had excellent apples, pears, plums, cherries and hops, of our own
+growth, (before the importation of these articles into England), by
+London and Kentish gardeners. His zeal for the promotion of the useful
+arts of gardening, the general culture of the land, and the commercial
+interests of the kingdom, deserved the highest praise; and for the
+information he has left of these affairs, in his own time, posterity owe
+him acknowledgments." In a note to his Life, in the Biog. Dict., 7 vols.
+folio, 1748, is a curious account of many fruits, &amp;c. then in our
+gardens. The same note is in Kippis. Richardson's portraits to Granger
+gives us the above profile. Mr. Johnson, at page 51 of his History of
+English Gardening, pointedly says, "Dr. Bulleyn deserves the veneration
+of every lover of gardening, for his strenuous advocating its cause, at
+a time when it had become a fashion to depreciate the products of our
+English gardens." And at page 57, pays him a further just tribute.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Hyll</span>, who, in 1574, published, in 4to., "The Profitable Arte of
+Gardeninge." Another edition in 1593, 4to. His interesting chapter on
+Bees is annexed to these editions."<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> There appears another edition in
+small 12mo.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> imprinted at London, in Flete-strete, neare to St.
+Dunstone's Church, by Thomas Marshe, 1658. There are other editions, as
+1570 and 1574, 4to.; 1568, 12mo.; and 1563 and 1594, 16mo. Bromley thus
+mentions a portrait of him:&mdash;"Thomas Hill, wooden cut, prefixed to his
+Physiognomie; 12mo. 1571. Aged 42. A friend to Hyll, in a complimentary
+letter, prefixed to the above book, thus, in part, addresses the
+reader:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>With painfull pen the writer hath exprest in English plane,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>The needfull ayd, and mightie force, that doth in hearbes remaine,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>The time to set, the time to plant, the time to raise again,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>This man by treble diligence hath brought to light with paine.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The portraits of the Lord Chancellor <span class="smcap">Bacon</span> are well known; but in Mr.
+Montagu's late edition of his works, a new or juvenile portrait is
+added, namely, a most expressive, intelligent, and beautiful miniature
+of him at his age of eighteen, by Hilyard, of whom Dr. Donne said,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;<i>a hand or eye</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>By Hilyard drawn, is worth a history</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>By a worse painter.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>This fine edition of his works is illustrated by five portraits, taken
+at different periods of his lordship's life; by engravings of his
+residence, and monument, fac-similes, and other embellishments. In
+Mallett's edition are two portraits, one by Vertue, finely
+engraved.<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gerarde's</span> portrait (a fine one) is prefixed to his own edition of his
+Herbal. Two coats of arms are at the bottom. No painter, or engraver's
+name, except the initials, W. R. intertwined, which I suppose are those
+of W. Rogers, the engraver. There is another good head of Gerarde, a
+small oval one, in the title page to Johnson's edition. A portrait, in
+oil, of Gerarde, was sold by Mr. Christie, Nov. 11, 1826. Dr. Pulteney
+reviews both these Herbals. Gerarde is highly extolled by Dr. Bulleyn,
+and indeed attained deserved eminence in his day. Dr. Pulteney relates
+that "the thousand novelties which were brought into England by our
+circumnavigators, Raleigh and Cavendish, in 1580 and 1588, excited a
+degree of attention, which at this day cannot, without the aid of
+considerable recollection, be easily conceived. Raleigh himself appears
+to have possessed a larger share of taste for the curious productions of
+nature, than was common to the seafaring adventurers of that period. And
+posterity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span> will rank these voyagers among the greatest benefactors to
+this kingdom, in having been the means, if tradition may be credited, of
+introducing the most useful root that Providence has held forth for the
+service of man. A voyage round the globe, howsoever familiarized in
+ours, was, in that age, a most interesting and fruitful occasion of
+enquiry. The return of Raleigh, and the fame of his manifold discoveries
+and collections, brought over from the continent the celebrated Clusius,
+then in the fifty-fifth year of his age. He, who added more to the stock
+of botany, in his day, than all his contemporaries united, visited
+England for the third time, to partake, at this critical juncture, in
+the general gratification. At this eventful period, Gerarde was in the
+vigour of life, and, without doubt, felt the influence, and reaped the
+advantage of all the circumstances I have enumerated." One of the
+editions of Gerarde thus appears in a bookseller's
+catalogue:&mdash;"Gerarde's Herball; or Generall Historie of Plants, very
+much enlarged by Johnson, folio, <i>beautiful impression of the
+frontispiece by Payne, fine copy, old Russia, gilt back, &pound;3. 18s.
+1633</i>.<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Walter Blythe's</span> whole-length portrait (exhibiting a pensive and
+penetrating aspect), is prefixed to his "English Improver Improved;" and
+which work Professor Martyn terms "an original and incomparable work for
+the time." Dr. Beale calls him "honest Captain Blithe."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Gervase Markham's</span> portrait is prefixed to his "Perfect Horseman;" 8vo.
+It is re-engraved for Richardson's por<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>traits to Granger. Markham
+appears to have been a good soldier, as well as a good scholar. He
+published in 4to. 1623, "The Country House-Wife's Garden." He wrote
+Herod and Antipater, a tragedy. Langbaine speaks very much in his
+praise, and seemingly not without reason. Dr. Dibden, in his "Library
+Companion," says, "on many accounts does Markham seem entitled to more
+notice and commendation." He translated Leibault's Maison Rustique, in
+1616, in 4to. or small folio, and augmented it with many additions from
+Oliver de Serres, and others. Weston, in his Catalogue, says he
+re-printed the editions in 1614 and 1631, of Barnaby Gooche's Husbandry.
+He published many books on husbandry, on fowling, on angling, on
+military discipline, on horsemanship. Many of their titles are
+enumerated in Langbaine, and in Weston, and they appear all to be more
+fully stated in Watts's Bibl. Brit. Much information, as to Markham, may
+be seen in vol. ii. of the Censura Literaria; and in Sir E. Brydges's
+edition of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum, appears, perhaps,
+the best list of his works, with a brief memoir.<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Parkinson's</span> excellent portrait, by Marshall, appears in the title page
+to his <i>Theatrum Botanicum</i>, in 1640. Some one <i>may</i> now possess the
+original. In his <i>Paradisus</i>, 1635, there is a very scurvy engraving of
+his healthy, and hearty-looking old countenance. In this miserable cut,
+which is on wood, the graver, Christopher Switzer, does not seem to have
+had a strife "<i>with nature to outdo the life</i>." Marshall's head is
+re-engraved for Richardson's Illustrations to Granger. Parkinson rose to
+such a degree of reputation, as to be appointed Apothecary to King
+James. He was appointed herbalist to Charles I. Dr. Pulteney speaks
+highly of both the above works, particularly of the <i>Theatrum</i>. All the
+memorials we have of the private history of this most industrious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> and
+zealous herbalist, are very scanty. He died about 1645, aged about 78.
+The curious contents of his <i>Paradisus</i> are diffusively narrated in
+Johnson's English Gardening. When perusing the pages of either of the
+above, one may exclaim,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash;"not a tree,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A plant, a leaf, a blossom, but contains</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A folio volume. We may read, and read,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And read again; and still find something new,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Something to please, and something to instruct,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">E'en in the humble weed."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 421px;">
+<img src="images/fig131-300dpi.jpg" width="421" height="550" alt="" title="Parkinson" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The above is scarcely better than Switzer's. There appears no faithful
+portrait of Parkinson, but Marshall's, who <i>had the felicity</i> to draw
+other portraits besides his.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Hollar's striking portraits of the <span class="smcap">Tradescants</span>, are well known. On their
+tomb, at Lambeth, the following lines form part of the inscription:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">These famous Antiquarians, that had been</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Both Gardeners to the rose and lily Queen,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Transplanted now themselves, sleep here; and when</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Angels shall with their trumpets waken men,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And fire shall purge the world, these hence shall rise,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And change this Garden for a Paradise.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In the Ashmolean Museum, is a portrait of the <span class="smcap">Son</span>, <i>in his garden</i>, with
+a spade in his hand. In Mr. Nichols's "Illustrations to Granger,"
+consisting of seventy-five portraits, appear those of the Tradescants,
+father and son. Smith also engraved John Tradescant, with his son, and
+their monument, 1793. Mr. Weston, in his Catalogue, fully describes the
+<i>Museum Tradescantium</i>. Dr. Pulteney observes, that "in a work devoted
+to the commemoration of Botanists, their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> name stands too high not to
+demand an honourable notice; since they contributed, at an early period,
+by their garden and museum, to raise a curiosity that was eminently
+useful to the progress and improvement of natural history in general.
+The reader may see a curious account of the remains of this garden,
+drawn up in the year 1749, by the late Sir W. Watson, and printed in
+vol. xlvi. of the Phil. Trans. The son died in 1662. His widow erected a
+curious monument, in memory of the family, in Lambeth church-yard, of
+which a large account, and engravings from a drawing of it in the
+Pepysian Library, at Cambridge, are given by the late learned Dr.
+Ducarel, in vol. lxiii. of the Phil. Trans."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Henry Wotton</span>, Provost of Eaton. His portrait is given in Isaac
+Walton's Lives of Wotton, and others. It, of course, accompanies
+Zouch's, and the other well-known editions of Isaac Walton's Lives. In
+Evans's Illustrations to Granger, is Sir H. Wotton, from the picture in
+the Bodleian Library, engraved by <i>Stow</i>. In Sir Henry's Reflections on
+Ancient and Modern Learning, is his chapter "On Ancient and Modern
+Agriculture and Gardening." Cowley wrote an elegy on him, which thus
+commences:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What shall we say since silent now is he,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who when he spoke, all things would silent be;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who had so many languages in store,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That only Fame can speak of him with more.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Isaac Walton published the "<i>Reliqui&aelig; Wottonian&aelig;</i>, or, Lives, Letters,
+Poems, &amp;c. by Sir Henry Wotton," 12mo. 1654, with portraits of Wotton,
+Charles I., Earl of Essex, and Buckingham. Sir E. Brydges printed at his
+private press, at Lee Priory, Sir Henry's Characters of the Earl of
+Essex and Buckingham. In the <i>Reliqui&aelig;</i>, among many curious and
+interesting articles, is preserved Sir Henry's de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span>licately complimentary
+letter to Milton on receiving from him <i>Comus</i>. Sir Henry, when a
+resident at Venice, (where he was sent on three several embassies by
+James) purchased for that munificent encourager of painting, the Duke of
+Buckingham, several valuable pictures, which were added to the Duke's
+magnificent collection. Isaac Walton's Life of Wotton thus
+concludes:&mdash;"Dying worthy of his name and family, worthy of the love of
+so many princes, and persons of eminent wisdom and learning, worthy of
+the trust committed unto him for the service of his prince and country."
+And, in his Angler, he thus sweetly paints the warm attachment he had
+for Wotton:&mdash;"a man with whom I have often fished and conversed, whose
+learning, wit, and cheerfulness, made his company to be esteemed one of
+the delights of mankind. Peace and patience, and a calm content, did
+cohabit in the cheerful heart of Sir Henry Wotton."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Thomas Browne.</span> Mr. Dallaway, in his Anecdotes of the Arts, mentions
+the following portrait of Sir Thomas:&mdash;"At Devonshire-house is a family
+groupe, by Dobson, of Sir Thomas Browne. He is smiling with the utmost
+complacency upon his children, who surround him." His portrait is also
+prefixed to his works. The Biograph. Dict., folio, 1748, says, "his
+picture, in the College of Physicians, shews him to have been remarkably
+handsome, and to have possessed, in a singular degree, the blessings of
+a grave, yet cheerful and inviting, countenance." The same work farther
+gives him a most amiable character. Mr. Ray, in his Ornithology, does
+not omit paying a just compliment to his assistant and friend, "the
+deservedly famous Sir Thomas Browne." Evelyn, in 1671, mentions Sir
+Thomas Browne's garden at Norwich, as containing a paradise of
+varieties, and the gardens of all the inhabitants as full of excellent
+flowers. Switzer says, "The noble elegance of his style has since
+induced many to read his works, (of which, that of <i>Cyrus's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> gardens</i> is
+some of the brightest,) though they have had little inclination to the
+practice of gardening itself. There remains nothing that I have heard of
+his putting gardening actually into practice himself; but some of his
+last works being observations on several scarce plants mentioned in
+Scripture; and of Garlands and Coronary garden plants and flowers, 'tis
+reasonable to suppose he did; and the love he had so early and late
+discovered toward it, was completed in the delightful practice thereof."
+He further says, " his elaborate and ingenious pen has not a little
+added to the nobleness of our subject."<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> His works were published in
+1 vol. folio, 1686, with his portrait, engraved by White. His portrait
+appears also to his "Certain Miscellany Tracts," 8vo. A list of his
+numerous works may be seen in the Biogr. Dictionaires, or in Watts's
+Bibl. Britt. To his "Christian Morals," Dr. Johnson has prefixed his
+Life. It is so masterly written, that it is impossible to give even an
+abstract. Dr. Kippis has, however, in part, transcribed it. He was
+chosen Honorary Fellow of the College of Physicians, as a man <i>virtute
+et literas<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> ornatissimus</i>. In 1671, he received the honour of Knighthood
+from Charles II., a prince, (says Dr. Johnson) "who, with many frailties
+and vices, had yet skill to discover excellence, and virtue to reward it
+with such honorary distinctions, at least, as cost him nothing, yet,
+conferred by a king so judicious and so much beloved, had the power of
+giving merit new lustre and greater popularity." Thus he lived in high
+reputation, till, in his seventy-sixth year, an illness, which tortured
+him a week, put an end to his life, at Norwich, on his birth-day,
+October 19, 1682. "Some of his last words (we are told by <i>Whitefoot</i>)
+were expressions of submission to the will of God, and fearlessness of
+death." Dr. Johnson observes, "It is not on the praises of others, but
+on his own writings, that he is to depend for the esteem of posterity;
+of which he will not be easily deprived, while learning shall have any
+reverence among men: for there is no science in which he does not
+discover some skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or
+sacred, abstruse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated
+with suc<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span>cess. His exuberance of knowledge, and plenitude of ideas,
+sometimes obstruct the tendency of his reasoning, and the clearness of
+his decisions. On whatever subject he employed his mind, there started
+up immediately so many images before him, that he lost one by grasping
+another. His memory supplied him with so many illustrations, parallel or
+dependent notions, that he was always starting into collateral
+considerations. But the spirit and vigour of his pursuit always gives
+delight; and the reader follows him, without reluctance, through his
+mazes, of themselves flowery and pleasing, and ending at the point
+originally in view. There remains yet an objection against the writings
+of <i>Browne</i>, more formidable than the animadversions of criticism. There
+are passages from which some have taken occasion to rank him among
+deists, and others among atheists. It would be difficult to guess how
+any such conclusion should be formed, had not experience shewn that
+there are two sorts of men willing to enlarge the catalogue of infidels.
+When <i>Browne</i> has been numbered among the contemners of religion by the
+fury of its friends, or the artifices of its enemies, it is no difficult
+task to replace him among the most zealous professors of christianity.
+He may perhaps, in the ardour of his imagination, have hazarded an
+expression, which a mind intent upon faults may interpret into heresy,
+if considered apart from the rest of his discourse; but a phrase is not
+to be opposed to volumes. There is scarcely a writer to be found, whose
+profession was not divinity, that has so frequently testified his belief
+of the sacred writings, has appealed to them with such unlimited
+submission, or mentioned them with such unvaried reverence."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Evelyn, Esq.</span> His portrait by Nanteuil, and that by Kneller, holding
+his <i>Sylva</i> in his hand, are well engraved in Mr. Bray's Memoirs. The
+following remark is from the Quarterly Review, in its review of the same
+work, in 1818:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span>&mdash;"At four years old he was taught to read by the parish
+school-master, whose school was over the church porch; and 'at six his
+picture was drawn by one Chanteral, no ill painter.' If this portrait,
+as is not unlikely, be preserved in the family, it should have been
+engraved for the present work; it would have been very interesting to
+compare the countenance of such a person, in childhood, in the flower of
+years, when his head was engraved by Nanteuil, and in ripe old age, when
+he sat to Sir G. Kneller." In Aubrey's Surrey, vol. iv. are many
+interesting particulars of Mr. Evelyn, and his family, and he gives a
+list of his works. He says "his picture was thrice drawn in oil; first,
+in 1641, by one Vanderborcht, brought out of Germany at the same time
+with Hollar, the graver, by the Earl of Arundel; a second time in 1648,
+by Walker; and the third time by Sir G. Kneller, for his friend Mr.
+Pepys, of the Admiralty, of which that at the Royal Society is a copy.
+There is a print of him by Nanteuil, who likewise drew him more than
+once in black and white, with Indian ink; and a picture, in crayon, by
+Luterel." Mr. Evelyn lived in the busy times of Charles I., Cromwell,
+Charles II., James II., and William. He had much personal intercourse
+with Charles II. and James II., and was in the habits of great intimacy
+with many of the ministers of those two monarchs, and of the eminent men
+of those days. Foreigners, distinguished for learning or arts, who came
+to England, did not leave it without visiting him. His manners we may
+presume to have been of the most agreeable kind, for his company was
+sought by the greatest men, not merely by inviting him to their own
+tables, but by their repeated visits to him at his own house. Mr. Evelyn
+lived to the great age of eighty-six, and wished these words to be
+inscribed on his tomb:&mdash;"all is vanity that is not honest, and there is
+no solid wisdom but in real piety."<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> Cowley, in a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span> letter to him,
+says, "I know nobody that possesses more private happiness than you do
+in your garden; and yet no man who makes his happiness more publick, by
+a free communication of the art and knowledge of it to others. All that
+I myself am able yet to do, is only to recommend to mankind the search
+of that felicity, which you instruct them how to find and to enjoy." The
+Quarterly Review thus speaks of his <i>Sylva</i>:&mdash;"The Sylva remained a
+beautiful and enduring memorial of his amusements, his occupations, and
+his studies, his private happiness, and his public virtues. The greater
+part of the woods, which were raised in consequence of Evelyn's
+writings, have been cut down; the oaks have borne the British flag to
+seas and countries which were undiscovered when they were planted, and
+generation after generation has been coffined in the elms. The trees of
+his age, which may yet be standing, are verging fast toward their decay
+and dissolution: but his name is fresh in the land, and his reputation,
+like the trees of an Indian Paradise, exists, and will continue to exist
+in full strength and beauty, uninjured by the course of time." Mr.
+Loudon, in his Encycl. of Gardening, thus speaks of him:&mdash;"Evelyn is
+universally allowed to have been one of the warmest friends to
+improvements in gardening and planting, that has ever<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> appeared. He is
+eulogized by Wotton, in his <i>Reflections on Ancient and Modern
+Learning</i>, as having done more than all former ages." Switzer calls him
+"that good esquire, the king of gardeners." His life (says Mr. Walpole)
+"was a course of inquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and
+benevolence. He knew that retirement, in his own hands, was industry and
+benefit to mankind; in those of others, laziness and inutility."</p>
+
+<p>There appears the following more modern publications respecting Mr.
+Evelyn:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1. Sylva, with Notes by Hunter; in 4to, and 8vo.</p>
+
+<p>2. Memoirs and Correspondence of Mr. Evelyn. Edited by Mr. Bray. 5 vols.
+8vo. <i>Portraits</i>, and other plates. &pound;3. 10s. Another edition, in 2
+vols., 4to.</p>
+
+<p>3. Evelyn's Miscellaneous Writings, collected and edited, with Notes, by
+Mr. Upcott. Forming a Supplement to the Evelyn Memoirs. 1 vol. 4to. with
+plates, 1825. &pound;3. 10s.</p>
+
+<p>The Encycl. of Gardening enumerates the whole of Mr. Evelyn's works. So
+does Dr. Watts in his Bibl. Britt.; and Mr. Johnson in his History of
+English Gardening.<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Abraham Cowley</span>. The portraits of him are well known. That in Bishop
+Hurd's edition is very neat. This same portrait is also well engraved
+for Ankars's edition of Cowley; and also in that by Aikens, in 8vo. Dean
+Sprat has prefixed to his edition of Cowley, his portrait, engraved by
+Faithorne, and, in his preface, pays a warm and just tribute to his
+me<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>mory. When his death was announced to Charles II., he declared, that
+Mr. Cowley had not left a better man behind him in England. Cowley
+addresses his chapter <i>Of Gardens</i> (which strongly paints his delight in
+them) to Mr. Evelyn. He wrote this epitaph for himself:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">From life's superfluous cares enlarg'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His debt of human toil discharg'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Here <span class="smcap">Cowley</span> lies, beneath this shed,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To ev'ry worldly interest <i>dead</i>:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With decent poverty content;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">His hours of ease not idly spent;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To fortune's goods a foe profess'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And, hating wealth, by all caress'd.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'Tis sure he's <i>dead</i>; for, lo! how small</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A spot of earth is now his all!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O! wish that earth may lightly lay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And ev'ry care be far away!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bring flow'rs, the short-liv'd roses bring,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To <i>life deceased</i> fit offering!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And sweets around the poet strow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whilst yet with life his ashes glow.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Rose</span>, head gardener to the Lord Essex, at Essex-house, in the
+Strand. He sent him to study the celebrated beauties in the gardens of
+Versailles. He became afterwards the chief gardener to Charles II., at
+the royal gardens in St. James's Park. His portrait may be seen at
+Kensington, in an oil painting, where he is presenting a pine to his
+Majesty, whilst on a visit to the Duchess of Cleveland, at Downey Court,
+Buckinghamshire. It has lately been engraved in mezzotinto. He was the
+author of "The English Vineyard Vindicated, and the Way of Making Wine
+in France;" first printed with Evelyn's French Gardener, in 1672, 12mo.
+Other editions in 1675, 1676, and 1690, in 8vo. The preface is by
+Evelyn, as well as The Art of Making Wine. Rose brought to great
+perfection dwarf fruit<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span> trees, in the gardens at Hampton Court, Carlton,
+and Marlborough House. Switzer thus speaks of him:&mdash;"He was esteemed to
+be the best of his profession in those days, and ought to be remembered
+for the encouragement he gave to a servant of his, that has since made
+the greatest figure that ever yet any gardener did, I mean Mr. London.
+Mr. Rose may be well ranked amongst the greatest virtuosos of that time,
+(now dead) who were all well pleased to accept of his company while
+living."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Charles Cotton.</span> He published "The Planter's Manual," 12mo. 1675. There
+is prefixed to it a rural frontispiece, by Van Houe. Mr. Johnson
+properly calls him "one of the <i>Scriptores minores</i> of horticulture."
+His "devoted attachment to Izaak Walton, forms the best evidence we have
+of his naturally amiable disposition." His portrait is finely engraved
+in Mr. Major's extensively illustrated and most attractive editions of
+the Angler; a delightful book, exhibiting a "matchless picture of rural
+nature." Mr. Cotton's portrait is also well engraved in Zouch's Life of
+Walton; and in the many other curious and embellished editions of Walton
+and Cotton's Angler. He translated with such truth and spirit, the
+celebrated Essays of Montaigne, that he received from that superior
+critic, the Marquis of Halifax, a most elegant encomium. Sir John
+Hawkins calls it "one of the most valuable books in the English
+language." A complete list of Mr. Cotton's works appears in Watts's
+Bibl. Britt. When describing, in his <i>Wonders of the Peake</i>, the Queen
+of Scot's Pillar, he thus breaks out:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Illustrious <i>Mary</i>, it had happy been,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Had you then found a cave like this to skreen</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Your sacred person from those frontier spies,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That of a sovereign princess durst make prize,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When Neptune too officiously bore</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Your cred'lous innocence to this faithless shore.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oh, <i>England</i>! once who hadst the only fame</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of being kind to all who hither came</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For refuge and protection, how couldst thou</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So strangely alter thy good nature now,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where there was so much excellence to move,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Not only thy compassion, but thy love?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'Twas strange on earth, save <i>Caledonian</i> ground,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So impudent a villain could be found,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Such majesty and sweetness to accuse;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or, after that, a judge would not refuse</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Her sentence to pronounce; or that being done,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Even amongst bloody'st hangmen, to find one</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Durst, though her face was veil'd, and neck laid down,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Strike off the fairest head e'er wore a crown.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And what state policy there might be here,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Which does with right too often interfere,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I 'm not to judge: yet thus far dare be bold,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A fouler act the sun did ne'er behold.<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Plott, in his Staffordshire, calls Mr. Cotton "his worthy, learned, and
+most ingenious friend." Sir John Hawkins thus speaks of him:&mdash;"He was
+both a wit and a scholar; of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span> an open, cheerful, and hospitable temper;
+endowed with fine talents for conversation, and the courtesy and
+affability of a gentleman." He farther thus speaks of one of his
+poems:&mdash;"It is not for their courtly and elegant turn, that the verses
+of Charles Cotton ought to be praised; there is such a delightful flow
+of feeling and sentiment, so much of the best part of our nature mixed
+up in them, and so much fancy displayed, that one of our most
+distinguished living poets has adduced several passages of his Ode upon
+Winter, for a general illustration of the characteristics of fancy." He
+must have possessed many endearing qualities, for the benevolent and
+pious Walton thus concludes a letter to his "most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> honoured friend,
+Charles Cotton, Esq.:"&mdash;"though I be more than a hundred miles from you,
+and in the eighty-third year of my age, yet I will forget both, and next
+month begin a pilgrimage to beg your pardon: for I would die in your
+favour, and till then will live, Sir, your most affectionate father and
+friend, Isaac Walton." One cannot wonder at the good old man wishing to
+visit the courteous and well-bred Mr. Cotton, and to enjoy the
+intercourse of hospitable urbanity, near the pastoral streams of the
+Dove, when he had received such an invitation as the following,
+addressed to his "dear and most worthy friend, Mr. Isaac Walton:"&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whilst in this cold and blustering clime,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Where bleak winds howl and tempests roar,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We pass away the roughest time</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Has been of many years before;</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whilst from the most tempestuous nooks</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The chillest blasts our peace invade,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And by great rains our smallest brooks</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Are almost navigable made;</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whilst all the ills are so improved,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Of this dead quarter of the year,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That even you, so much beloved,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">We would not now wish with us here;</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In this estate, I say, it is</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Some comfort to us to suppose,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That, in a better clime than this,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">You, our dear friend, have more repose;</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And some delight to me the while,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Though nature now does weep in rain,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To think that I have seen her smile,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And haply may I do again.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If the all-ruling Power please</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">We live to see another May,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We'll recompense an age of these</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Foul days in one fine fishing day.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We then shall have a day or two,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Perhaps a week, wherein to try</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What the best master's hand can do</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">With the most deadly killing fly:</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A day with not too bright a beam,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A warm, but not a scorching sun,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A southern gale to curl the stream,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">and, master, half our work is done.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There, whilst behind some bush we wait</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">The scaly people to betray,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We'll prove it just, with treacherous bait</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To make the preying <i>Trout</i> our prey.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And think ourselves, in such an hour,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Happier than those, though not so high,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who, like <i>Leviathans</i>, devour</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Of meaner men the smaller fry.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">This, my best friend, at my poor home</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Shall be our pastime and our theme;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But then&mdash;should you not deign to come,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">You make all this a flattering dream.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In wandering over the lovely scenes, the pleasant brooks, the
+flower-bespangled meadows, which the moral pages of Isaac Walton so
+unaffectedly delineate, it is impossible not to recur to the name of the
+late author of <i>Salmonia</i>, and to reflect, that on these pages he oft
+unbended his vigorous mind from his severe and brilliant discoveries. We
+can now only lament the (almost) premature death of this high-ranked
+philosopher, this great benefactor to the arts, and deep pro<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span>moter of
+science, whose mortal remains were consigned to his unostentatious tomb,
+at Geneva, in one of the finest evenings of summer, followed by the
+eloquent and amiable historian, De Sismondi, and by other learned and
+illustrious men. One may apply to his last moments at Geneva, (where he
+had arrived only one day before) these lines of his own favourite
+Herbert:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>The bridal of the earth and sky,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Sweet dews shall weep thy fall to-night,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>For thou must die!</i><a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Samuel Gilbert's</span> portrait is prefixed to his "Florist's Vade Mecum;"
+12mo. In his "Gardener's Almanack," is a particular description of the
+roses cultivated in the English gardens at that period. He was the
+author of "Fons Sanitatis, or the Healing Spring at Willowbridge Wells."
+He was son-in-law to John Rea, the author of Flora, and who planned the
+gardens at Gerard's Bromley. Willowbridge Wells are at a little distance
+from where these once superb gardens were.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Jacob Bobart</span>, the elder, is an admirable portrait, by D. Loggan, taken
+at his age of eighty-one, and engraved by Burghers. Granger says it is
+extremely scarce. Beneath the head, which is dated 1675, is this
+distich:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Thou Germane prince of plants, each year to thee,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Thousands of subjects grant a subsidy.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>It is a venerable countenance, of deep thought. Richardson re-engraved
+this among his Illustrations to Granger. Granger mentions also a
+whole-length of Bobart in a garden, dog, goat, &amp;c. 4to. The Encycl. of
+Gardening says, "Bobart's descendants are still in Oxford, and known as
+coach proprietors." Do none of them possess the original painting? The
+munificence of the Earl of Danby placed Bobart in the physic garden at
+Oxford, in 1632, as supervisor; and this garden flourished many years
+under his care, and that of his son Jacob, whose zeal and diligence Dr.
+Pulteney records. The elder Bobart was the author of the <i>Hortus
+Oxoniensis</i>, 1648. Wood, in his Athen&aelig;, informs us, that "Jacob Bobart
+died in his garden-house, in February, 1679, whereupon his body was
+buried in the church of St. Peter, Oxon."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> He left two sons, <i>Jacob</i> and
+<i>Tillemant</i>. Tillemant became a master coachman between Oxford and
+London, but having had the misfortune to break his leg, became one of
+the beadles of the university. In the preface to Mr. Nicholls's late
+curious work on autographs, among other <i>albums</i>, in the British Museum,
+it mentions that of David Krein, in which is the autograph of Jacob
+Bobart, with these verses;&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 6.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;"virtus sua gloria.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Think that day lost whose descending sun</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Views from thy hand no noble action done.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 4.5em;">Yr success and happyness</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 7.5em;">is sincerely wished by</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 10.5em;">Ja. Bobart, Oxford."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>It appears from Ray's History of Plants, that Jacob Bobart, the son, was
+a frequent communicator to him of scarce plants. It was this son who
+published the second volume of Morrison's Oxford History of Plants, who
+wrote its excellent preface, and who engaged <i>Burghers</i> to engrave many
+of the new plants; which engravings are highly commended by Pulteney.
+Mr. Johnson, in page 148 of his History of Gardening, thus pays Bobart a
+high compliment:&mdash;"a phalanx of botanists were then contemporaries,
+which previous ages never equalled, nor succeeding ones surpassed. Ray,
+Tournefort, Plumier, Plukenet, Commelin, Rivinus, <i>Bobart</i>, Petiver,
+Sherard, Boccone, Linn&aelig;us, may be said to have lived in the same age."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Gardiner.</span> His portrait is engraved by Vertue, from after Verelst,
+and prefixed to his translation of <i>Rapin on Gardens</i>, 8vo. second
+edition; no date. A third edition, 8vo. 1728. I believe he also wrote
+"On the Beatitudes;" 2 vols. 8vo. Switzer says, that this "incomparable
+Latin poem was translated by an ingenious and worthily dignified<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>
+clergyman, and a great lover of gardening, Mr. Gardiner, Sub-Dean of
+Lincoln." He became afterwards (I believe) Bishop of Lincoln; and a
+Latin epitaph on this bishop is in Peck's <i>Desid. Curiosa.</i> There is a
+print of "Jacobus Gardiner, Episc. Lincoln," engraved by George White,
+from after Dahl.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir William Temple.</span> The portraits of this worthy man are numerous.
+Vanderbane's engraving, from Sir Peter Lely's, is particularly fine.
+Vertue's engravings, from Sir Peter, in the folio editions of 1720 and
+1740, are also fine. This same portrait is neatly engraved in the late
+Mr. Nichol's Collection of Poems. Houbraken has also engraved the same
+for Birch's Lives. Sir William Temple, after spending twenty years in
+negociations with foreign powers, retired in 1680 from public life, and
+employed his time in literary pursuits. He was ambassador for many years
+at the court of Holland, and there acquired his knowledge and taste in
+gardening. He had a garden at Sheen, and afterwards, another at Moor
+Park, where he died in 1700; and though his body was buried in
+Westminster Abbey, his heart was enclosed in a silver urn under a
+sun-dial in the latter garden. His Essay "Upon the Gardens of Epicurus,
+or of Gardening in the year 1685," is printed in all the editions of his
+works.<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> These works are published in 2 vols. folio, and 4 vols. 8vo.
+Switzer, in his History of Gardening, first published in 1715, says,
+"That he was a great lover of gardening, appears by his own writings,
+and several kinds of fruit brought over by him out of Holland, &amp;c. as
+well as by the testimony of his neighbours <i>yet living</i>, the greatest
+consolation of his life being, in the lucid intervals he had from public
+employs, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> his beloved gardens at <i>Sheen</i>." And, in his Fruit Gardener
+he says, that "the magnificence and generosity of this great lover of
+planting, distributed vast numbers of the finest grapes among the
+nurserymen about London, as well as amongst the nobility and gentry."
+Lord Mountmorris thus speaks of him:&mdash;"The retirement of this great man
+has bequeathed the most invaluable legacy to posterity. Of the taste and
+elegance of his writings too much can never be said, illuminated as they
+are by that probity and candour which pervade them, and those charms
+which render truth irresistible. Though other writers may be more the
+objects of imitation to the scholar, yet his style is certainly the best
+adapted to the politician and the man of fashion; nor would such an
+opinion be given, were it not for an anecdote of Swift, which I had from
+the late Mr. Sheridan, who told me the dean always recommended him as
+the best model, and had repeatedly said that the style of Sir William
+Temple was the easiest, the most liberal, and the most brilliant in our
+language. In a word, when we consider his probity, his
+disinterestedness, his contempt of wealth, the genuine beauty of his
+style, which was as brilliant, as harmonious, and as pure as his life
+and manners; when we reflect upon the treasures which he has bequeathed
+by his example and by his works to his country, which no man ever loved
+better, or esteemed more; we cannot avoid considering Sir William Temple
+as one of the greatest characters which has appeared upon the political
+stage; and he may be justly classed with the greatest names of
+antiquity, and with the most brilliant characters which adorn and
+illustrate the Grecian or Roman annals." Mr. Mason, in his English
+Garden, contrasts Sir William's idea of "a perfect garden," with those
+of Lord Bacon, and Milton; but he candidly says,</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash;and yet full oft</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O'er Temple's studious hour did truth preside,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sprinkling her lustre o'er his classic page;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There hear his candour own, in fashion's spite,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In spite of courtly dulness hear it own,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>There is a grace in wild variety</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Surpassing rule and order.</i> Temple, yes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There is a grace; and let eternal wreaths</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Adorn their brows who fixt its empire here."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>He then, in glowing lines, pays an animated tribute to Addison, Pope,
+and Kent. Hume records that "he was full of honour and humanity." Sir
+William thus concludes one of his philosophic essays:&mdash;"When this is
+done, human life is, at the greatest and the best, but like a froward
+child, that must be played with and humoured a little to keep it quiet
+till it falls asleep, and then the care is over." His garden was one of
+his last delights. He knew what kind of life was best fitted to make a
+man's last days happy. Mr. Walpole, though he censures Sir William's
+warm panegyric on the garden at Moor Park, yet scruples not doing him
+full justice, in styling him an excellent man, and an admired writer,
+whose style, as to his garden, is animated with the colouring and glow
+of poetry. Mr. Cobbett, in his <i>English Gardener</i>, thus deplores the
+fate of Moor Park:&mdash;"This really wise and excellent man, Sir W. Temple,
+who, while he possessed the soundest judgment, and was employed in some
+of the greatest concerns of his country, so ardently, yet so rationally
+and unaffectedly, praises the pursuits of gardening, in which he
+delighted from his youth to his old age; and of his taste in which, he
+gave such delightful proofs in those gardens and grounds at Moor Park,
+beneath the turf of one spot of which, he caused by his will, his heart
+to be buried, and which spot, together with all the rest of the
+beautiful arrangement, has been torn about and disfigured within the
+last fifty years, by a succession of wine merchants, spirit merchants,
+West Indians, and God knows what besides." And, in his <i>Woodlands</i>, he
+says, "I have stood for hours, when a little boy, looking at this object
+(the canal and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span> borders of beautiful flowers at Moor Park); I have
+travelled far since, and have seen a great deal; but I have never seen
+any thing of the gardening kind so beautiful in the whole course of my
+life." Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, after noticing
+many general particulars of Sir William, devotes an interesting page to
+Sir William's attachment to gardening; and every line in this generous
+page, betrays his own delight in this art. He thus concludes this
+page:&mdash;"Nothing can demonstrate more fully the delight he took in
+gardening, than the direction left in his will, that his heart should be
+buried beneath the sun-dial of his garden, at Moor Park, near Farnham,
+in Surrey. In accordance with which, it was deposited there in a silver
+box, affording another instance of the ruling passion unweakened even in
+death. Nor was this an unphilosophical clinging to that which it was
+impossible to retain; but rather that grateful feeling, common to our
+nature, of desiring finally to repose where in life we have been happy.
+In his garden, Sir William Temple had spent the calmest hours of a
+well-spent life, and where his heart had been most peaceful, he wished
+its dust to mingle, and thus, at the same time, offering his last
+testimony to the sentiment, that in a garden</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>Hic secura quies, et nescia fallere vita.</i>"
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Locke</span> wrote "Observations upon the Growth of Vines and Olives; the
+Production of Silk, the Preservation of Fruits. Written at the request
+of the Earl of Shaftesbury; now first printed from the original
+manuscript in the possession of the present Earl of Shaftesbury, 1s. 6d.
+Sandby, 1766." Among the many portraits we have of this learned man, the
+public are indebted to Lord King, for having prefixed to his Life of Mr.
+Locke, a very fine portrait of him, from after Greenhill. This great and
+good man possessed, in the highest degree, those virtues that have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>
+given him a claim to the highest rank in the admiration of posterity. In
+Rutter's delineations of a part of Somersetshire, he gives a neat
+wood-cut of the cottage at Wrington, wherein Locke was born, and he
+informs us, that in the garden belonging to Mrs. Hannah More, near that
+village, she has placed an urn commemorative of Locke, which was a gift
+to her from the justly celebrated Mrs. Montague. He was drawn also by
+Kneller. Bromley gives a list of many of his engraved portraits.
+Houbraken engraved one for Birch's Lives. Vertue gave two engravings
+from Kneller.</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Fleetwood</span>, successively Bishop of St. Asaph and Ely, and who
+died in 1723, was author of "Curiosities of Nature and Art in Husbandry
+and Gardening," 8vo. 1707. His portrait is prefixed to his "Sermons on
+the Relative Duties," 8vo. 1716; and also to his "Essay on the
+Miracles." His works were published in a collected form in 1 vol. folio,
+1737. He was incontestibly the best preacher in his time. Dr. Doddridge
+calls him "silver tongued." Pope's line of</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>The gracious dew of pulpit eloquence</i>,
+</p>
+
+<p>might, no doubt, have been justly applied to him. Dr. Drake, in the
+third volume of his Essays, to illustrate the Tatler, Spectator, and
+Guardian, has some interesting pages respecting him. His benevolent
+heart and exemplary life, added great effect to his persuasive eloquence
+in the pulpit. "His sermons (says Lempriere), and divinity tracts, were
+widely circulated; but the firmness of his opinions drew upon him the
+censure of the House of Commons. His preface to his sermons on the
+deaths of Mary, the Duke of Gloucester, and of William, and on the
+accession of Anne, gave such offence to the ministry, that the book was
+publicly burnt in 1712; but it was more universally read, and even
+appeared in the Spectator, No. 384." As to this burning, Dr. Johnson
+re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>marked, that fire is a conclusive, but not a convincing argument; it
+will certainly destroy any book, but it refutes none.<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> In an
+<i>Obituary</i>, preserved in Peck's Desid. Curiosa, it thus mentions the
+death of a Jeffery Fleetwood, "leaving a wife and six little children
+behind him. God bless them. One of these little children was the famous
+William Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely."</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Joseph Addison</span>, Esq. There is an original portrait of this eminent man,
+at Holland House. Another at Oxford. Noble's continuation of Granger
+enumerates several engravings of him, from Kneller's portraits. Dayl,
+the painter, also drew him. His portrait appears in the Kit Cat Club. In
+Ireland's "Picturesque Views on the River Avon," he gives an interesting
+description of Mr. Addison's house at Bilton, near Rugby, two miles from
+Dunchurch; with a view of the same. The house "remains precisely in the
+state it was at the decease of its former possessor, nor has the
+interior suffered much change in its former decoration. The furniture
+and pictures hold their places with an apparent sacred attention to his
+memory. Among the latter, are three of himself, at different periods of
+his life; in each of which is strongly marked with the pencil, the ease
+of the gentleman, and the open and ingenuous character of the friend to
+humanity." From Dr. Drake's Biographical Sketch of Addison, it appears,
+that these portraits were still remaining in his house in 1797. A copy
+of the above view is given in the Monthly Magazine for February, 1822,
+and it there says, that "the spacious gardens retain the fashion of the
+age of the Spectator." The origin of the modern style of landscape
+gardening, or the first writers on that subject, were unquestionably Mr.
+Addison, in Nos. 414 and 477 of the <i>Spectator</i>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> and Mr. Pope in his
+celebrated <i>Guardian</i>. The first artists who practised in this style,
+were Bridgman and Kent.<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> Mr. Addison's pure taste on these subjects
+is visible even where he prefers Fontainebleau to the magnificent
+Versailles, in his paper in the <i>Guardian</i>, No. 101:&mdash;"It is situated
+among rocks and woods, that give you a fine variety of savage prospects.
+The king has humoured the genius of the place, and only made use of so
+much art as is necessary to help and regulate nature, without reforming
+her too much. The cascades seem to break through the clefts and cracks
+of rocks that are covered over with moss, and look as if they were piled
+upon one another by accident. There is an artificial wildness in the
+meadows, walks, and canals; and the garden, instead of a wall, is fenced
+on the lower end by a natural mound of rock-work that strikes the eye
+very agreeably. For my part, I think there is something more charming in
+these rude heaps of stone than in so many statues, and would as soon see
+a river winding through woods and meadows, as when it is tossed up in so
+many whimsical figures at Versailles." In No. 414 of his Spectator, he
+says, "English gardens are not so entertaining to the fancy as those in
+France, and Italy, where we see a large extent of ground covered over
+with an agreeable mixture of garden, and forest, which represent every
+where an artificial rudeness, much more charming than that neatness and
+elegancy which we meet with in those of our own country." Mr. Murphy
+thus compares Addison with Johnson:&mdash;"Addison lends grace and ornament
+to truth; Johnson gives it force and energy. Addison makes virtue
+amiable; Johnson represents it as an awful duty." Addison has been
+called the English Fenelon. Johnson calls him the Raphael of essay
+writers. The imposing and commanding attitude of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> the statue erected a
+few years since in the Poets' Corner, seems to have arisen, and to have
+been devoted to his memory, from his <i>Reflections on the Tombs in the
+Abbey</i>. Those reflections I here subjoin; and I am sure my reader will
+agree with me, that I could not offer a purer honour to his genius and
+memory:&mdash;"No.26, Friday, March 30.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>Regumque turres, O beate sexti.</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque manes,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Et domus exilis Plutonia.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hor.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With equal foot, rich friend, impartial fate</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Knocks at the cottage, and the palace gate:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Life's span forbids thee to extend thy cares,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And stretch thy hopes beyond thy tender years:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Night soon will seize, and you must quickly go</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To storied ghosts, and <i>Pluto's</i> house below.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Creech.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"When I am in a serious humour, I very often walk by myself in
+Westminster Abbey; where the gloominess of the place, and the use to
+which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the
+condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a
+kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable.
+I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the church-yard, the cloisters,
+and the church, amusing myself with the tomb-stones and inscriptions
+that I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them
+recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon
+one day and died upon another: the whole history of his life being
+comprehended in those two circumstances, that are common to all mankind.
+I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass
+or marble, as a kind of satire upon the departed persons; who had left
+no other memorial of them, but that they were born and that they died.
+They put me in mind of several persons<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span> mentioned in the battles of
+heroic poems, who have sounding names given them, for no other reason
+but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for nothing but being
+knocked on the head.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Glaucumque, Medontaque, Thersilochumque.</i>&mdash;<span class="smcap">Virg.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"The life of these men is finely described in holy writ by <i>the path of
+an arrow</i>, which is immediately closed up and lost. Upon my going into
+the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in
+every shovel-full of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or
+skull intermixed with a kind of fresh mouldering earth that some time or
+other had a place in the composition of an human body. Upon this I began
+to consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay
+confused together under the pavement of that ancient cathedral; how men
+and women, friends and enemies, priests and soldiers, monks and
+prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in
+the same common mass; how beauty, strength, and youth, with old age,
+weakness, and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous
+heap of matter. After having thus surveyed this great magazine of
+mortality, as it were in the lump; I examined it more particularly by
+the accounts which I found on several of the monuments which are raised
+in every quarter of that ancient fabrick. Some of them were covered with
+such extravagant epitaphs, that if it were possible for the dead person
+to be acquainted with them, he would blush at the praises which his
+friends have bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest,
+that they deliver the character of the person departed in <i>Greek</i> or
+<i>Hebrew</i>, and by that means are not understood once in a twelvemonth. In
+the poetical quarter, I found there were poets who had no monuments, and
+monuments which had no poets. I observed indeed that the present war had
+filled the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> church with many of these uninhabited monuments, which had
+been erected to the memory of persons whose bodies were buried in the
+plains of <i>Blenheim</i>, or in the bosom of the ocean. I could not but be
+very much delighted with several modern epitaphs, which are written with
+great elegance of expression and justness of thought, and therefore do
+honour to the living as well as to the dead. As a foreigner is very apt
+to conceive an idea of the ignorance or politeness of a nation from the
+turn of their public monuments and inscriptions, they should be
+submitted to the perusal of men of learning and genius before they are
+put in execution. Sir <i>Cloudesly
+Shovel's</i> monument has very often given me great offence: instead of the
+brave rough <i>English</i> admiral, which was the distinguishing character of
+that plain gallant man, he is represented on his tomb by the figure of a
+beau, dressed in a long periwig, and reposing himself upon velvet
+cushions under a canopy of state. The inscription is answerable to the
+monument; for, instead of celebrating the many remarkable actions he had
+performed in the service of his country, it acquaints us only with the
+manner of his death, in which it was impossible for him to reap any
+honour. The <i>Dutch</i>, whom we are apt to despise for want of genius, shew
+an infinitely greater taste of antiquity and politeness in their
+buildings and works of this nature, than what we meet with in those of
+our own country. The monuments of their admirals, which have been
+erected at the public expense, represent them like themselves; and are
+adorned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments, with beautiful festoons
+of sea-weed, shells, and coral. But to return to our subject. I have
+left the repository of our English kings for the contemplation of
+another day, when I shall find my mind disposed for so serious an
+amusement. I know that entertainments of this nature are apt to raise
+dark and dismal thoughts in timorous minds, and gloomy imaginations;
+but, for my own part, though I am always<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> serious, I do not know what it
+is to be melancholy; and can therefore take a view of nature in her deep
+and solemn scenes, with the same pleasure as in her most gay and
+delightful ones. By this means I can improve myself with those objects
+which others consider with terror. When I look upon the tombs of the
+great, every emotion of envy dies in me; when I read the epitaphs of the
+beautiful, every inordinate desire goes out; when I meet with the grief
+of parents upon a tomb-stone, my heart melts with compassion; when I see
+the tomb of the parents themselves, I consider the vanity of grieving
+for those whom we must quickly follow: When I see kings lying by those
+who deposed them, when I consider rival wits placed side by side, or the
+holy men that divided the world with their contests and disputes, I
+reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little competitions,
+factions, and debates of mankind. When I read the several dates of the
+tombs, of some that died yesterday, and some six hundred years ago, I
+consider that great day when we shall all of us be contemporaries, and
+make our appearance together."<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rev. John Lawrence</span> published "The Clergyman's Recreation, shewing the
+Pleasure and Profit of the Art of Gardening;" 8vo. 1714. Also a poem,
+called "Paradise Regained, or the Art of Gardening;" 8vo. 1728. The
+sixth edition of "The Clergyman's Recreation" has "the effigies of the
+author, engraved by Vertue." I have seen eight copies of this sixth
+edition, and in neither of them has this portrait been. No doubt the
+collecting to form Granger's, has deprived each copy of its portrait.
+This is an expressive portrait, ornamented with a vine wreath, and with
+a rich cornucopia or clusters of ripe fruit. The original pic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>ture from
+which Vertue's print was taken, was at Pallion, near Durham, the seat of
+his grandson, John Goodchild, Esq. In Rodd's catalogue of engraved
+portraits, printed a few years ago, was "John Lawrence, prebend of
+Salisbury, <i>original drawing by Vertue</i>, price 5s." Mr. Lawrence
+published also, in folio, in 1726, his System of Agriculture and
+Gardening. Mr. Nichols, in vol. iv. of his Literary Anecdotes, has given
+a list of all his works, has preserved a few particulars respecting him,
+and pays a just tribute to him. A list of his works may also be seen in
+Watts's Bibl. Brit., and in Mr. Johnson's work. The Encycl. of Gardening
+informs us that he was "of a hospitable and benevolent disposition,
+taking great pleasure in presenting a rich dessert of fruit to his
+friends." He was presented to the rectory of Yelvertoft,
+Northamptonshire, in 1703, "by the extraordinary uncommon bounty of a
+generous patron." In 1721, he was presented to that of Bishop's
+Wearmouth, Durham, where he died in 1732. He was also a prebend of
+Salisbury.<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lawrence thus enforces the pleasures of a garden, to his own
+order:&mdash;"to make them happy by loving an innocent diversion, the
+amusements of a garden being not only most delightful to those that love
+them, but most wholesome to those that use them. A good man knows how to
+recapitulate all his pleasures in a devout lifting up of his hands, his
+eyes and his heart, to the great and bountiful author of nature, who
+gives beauty, relish, and success to all our honest labours." His pen
+likewise paints with "soft and tempting colours," the extreme beauty of
+our fruit-trees, when clothed with their different coloured blossoms,
+(what Lord Byron calls <i>the sweet and blooming fruits of
+earth</i>):<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>&mdash;"What a pleasing entertainment is it to the eye, to behold
+the apricot in its full blossom, white as snow, and at the same time the
+peach with its crimson-coloured blooms; both beginning to be
+interspersed with green leaves! These are succeeded by the pear, the
+cherry, and the plum, whose blossoms and leaves make a very beautiful
+mixture in the spring; and it cannot be a less pleasant sight to see
+clusters of swelling fruit all the summer, as the earnest of the full
+gratification of another sense in autumn. And now we have come hither,
+what painter can draw a landskip more charming and beautiful to the eye,
+than an old Newington peach-tree laden with fruit in August, when the
+sun has first begun to paint one side of the fruit with such soft and
+tempting colours? The apricot, the pear, the cherry and plum, when they
+appear in plenty as they ought, present themselves to the eye at the
+time of ripening in very inviting blushes. In short, all the several
+sorts of fruit trees have such pleasing varieties, that were there no
+other sense to be gratified but the sight, they may vie with a parterre
+even of the finest flowers." He thus mentions the month of <i>July</i>:&mdash;"How
+beautiful and refreshing are the mornings and evenings of such days,
+when the very air is perfumed with pleasant odours, and every thing that
+presents itself to the eye gives fresh occasion to the devout admirer to
+praise and adore the Great Creator, who hath given such wisdom and power
+to man to diversify nature in such various instances, and (for his own
+use, pleasure, and profit,) to assist her in all her operations." This
+worthy clergyman might have applied to the delights of a garden, the
+sacred words of scripture:&mdash;"her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all
+her paths are peace."<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Alexander Pope.</span> Numerous are the engraved portraits of this graceful and
+harmonious poet. Noble's continuation of Granger, gives all, or the
+greater part of the engravings from his portraits, from which it will be
+seen, that he was drawn by Kneller, by Richardson, by many others, and
+par<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span>ticularly by his friend Jervas. As a portrait painter, Mr. Jervas
+was far from eminent. Pope's attachment to him, however, has enshrined
+his name in glowing lines to future generations. The portraits of Pope
+which Jervas drew, were done <i>con amore</i>. Mr. Jennings, of Cheapside,
+has pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>fixed to his elegant folio edition of the "Essay on Man," a
+<i>whole-length</i> of Mr. Pope, from after Jervas. In Dodsley's Collection
+of Poems, vol. iii. is a very striking bust of Mr. Pope, as an
+accompaniment to Mr. Dodsley's affecting poem to his memory, which he
+entitles <i>The Cave of Pope</i>. Surely this bust must have strongly
+resembled Pope, or Mr. Dodsley would not have inserted it. The profile
+to Ruffhead's Life, in 4to. 1769, <i>must</i> have been a likeness, or Bishop
+Warburton would not have permitted its insertion. His age was then
+twenty-four. It is finely engraved by Ravenet, from Kneller. It is a
+striking portrait. A copy of this is admirably engraved in Bell's Poets,
+richly ornamented. A copy from that by Richardson is prefixed to
+Warton's edition. Among the portraits at <i>Hagley</i>, is that of Pope, and
+his dog Bounce, by Richardson.<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> Lord Chesterfield thus speaks of
+Pope:&mdash;"His poor, crazy, deformed body, was a mere Pandora's box,
+containing all the physical ills that ever afflicted humanity. This,
+perhaps, whetted the edge of his satire, and may, in some degree, excuse
+it. I will say nothing of his works; they speak sufficiently for
+themselves; they will live as long as taste and letters shall remain in
+this country, and be more and more admired, as envy and resentment shall
+subside. But I will venture this piece of classical blasphemy: which is,
+that however he may be supposed to be obliged to Horace, Horace is more
+obliged to him." Mr. Ruffhead (generally supposed to have had his
+information from Dr. Warburton) thus states:&mdash;"Mr. Pope was low in
+stature, and of a diminutive and misshapen figure, which no one
+ridiculed more pleasantly than himself. His constitution was naturally
+tender and delicate, and in his temper he was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> naturally mild and
+gentle, yet sometimes betrayed that exquisite sensibility which is the
+concomitant of genius. His lively perception and delicate feeling,
+irritated by wretched ill health, made him too quickly take fire, but
+his good sense and humanity soon rendered him placable. With regard to
+the extent of his genius, it was so wide and various, that perhaps it
+may not be too much to say, that he excelled in every species of
+composition; and, beside his excellence as a poet, he was both an
+antiquarian and an architect, and neither in an inferior degree.<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> No
+man ever entertained more exalted notions of friendship, or was ever
+more sincere, steady, warm, and disinterested, in all his attachments.
+Every inch of his heart was let out in lodgings for his friends." Lord
+Orrery thus speaks of him:&mdash;"His prose writings are little less
+harmonious than his verse; and his voice, in common conversation, was so
+naturally musical, that I remember honest Tom Southern used to call him
+the Little Nightingale; his manners were delicate, easy, and engaging;
+he treated his friends with a politeness that charmed, and a generosity
+that was much to his honour. Every guest was made happy within his
+doors; pleasure dwelt under his roof, and elegance presided at his
+table." One may trace Mr. Pope's hospitality throughout his letters. I
+will merely select one or two instances. In a letter to <i>Swift</i>, he
+says, "My house is too large; my gardens furnish too much wood and
+provision for <i>my</i> use. My servants are sensible and tender of me. They
+have intermarried, and are become rather low friends than servants.
+Would to God you would come over with Lord Orrery, whose care of you in
+the voyage I could so certainly depend on; and bring with you your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> old
+housekeeper, and two or three servants. I have room for all, a heart for
+all, and (think what you will) a fortune for all." In another letter to
+Swift, he says, "I wish you had any motive to see this kingdom. I could
+keep you; for I am rich, that is, I have more than I want. I can afford
+room for yourself and two servants. I have, indeed, room enough, nothing
+but myself at home: the kind and hearty housewife is dead! the agreeable
+and instructive neighbour is gone! yet my house is enlarged, and the
+gardens extend and flourish, as knowing nothing of the guests they have
+lost. I have more fruit trees and kitchen garden than you have any
+thought of; nay, I have good melons and pineapples of my own growth." In
+a letter to <i>Mr. Allen</i>, he says, "Let me know your day for coming, and
+I will have every room in my house as warm for you as the owner always
+would be." Mr. Mathias, in his Pursuits of Literature, (besides
+expatiating with fond delight, in numerous pages, on the genius of
+Pope,) thus speaks of him:&mdash;"Familiar with the great, intimate with the
+polite, graced by the attentions of the fair, admired by the learned, a
+favourite with the nation, independent in an acquired opulence, the
+honourable product of his genius, and of his industry; the companion of
+persons distinguished for their virtue, birth, high fashion, rank, or
+wit, and resident in the centre of all public information and
+intelligence; every avenue to knowledge, and every mode of observation
+were open to his curious, prying, piercing, and unwearied
+intellect."<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>One may with truth further apply to Mr. Pope what was said of Buchanan,
+that his mind was stored with all the fire, and all the graces of
+ancient literature. Mr. Pope's attachment to <i>gardens</i>, appears not only
+in his letter to Martha Blount, describing Sir W. Raleigh's seat&mdash;but in
+his own garden at Twickenham, (where, as Mr. Loudon feelingly observes,
+<i>only the soil of which now remains</i>)&mdash;and in his letter to Mr. Blount,
+describing his grotto&mdash;but it also bursts forth in many passages
+throughout his works&mdash;and in his celebrated <i>Guardian</i> (No. 173), which
+attacks, with the keenest wit, "our study to recede from nature," in our
+giants made out of yews, and lavender pigs with sage growing in their
+bellies. His epistle to Lord Burlington confirms the charms he felt in
+studying nature. Mr. Mason, in a note to his English<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> Garden, says, "I
+had before called Bacon the prophet, and Milton, the herald of true
+taste in gardening. The former, because, in developing the constituent
+properties of a princely garden, he had largely expatiated upon that
+adorned natural wildness which we now deem the essence of the art. The
+latter, on account of his having made this natural wildness the leading
+idea in his exquisite description of Paradise. I here call Addison,
+<i>Pope</i>, Kent, &amp;c. the champions of this true taste." As Mr. Mason has
+added an <i>&amp;c.</i>, may we not add to these respected names, that of honest
+old Bridgman? It was the determination of Lord Byron (had his life been
+longer spared), to have erected, at his own expence, a monument to
+Pope.<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> We can gather even from his rapid and hurried "Letter on the
+Rev. W. L. Bowles's Strictures," his attachment to the high name of
+Pope:&mdash;"If Lucretius had not been spoiled by the Epicurean system, we
+should have had a far superior poem to any now in existence. As mere
+poetry, it is the first of Latin poems. What then has ruined it? His
+ethics. Pope has not this defect; his moral is as pure as his poetry is
+glorious."&mdash;"Pope's charities were his own, and they were noble and
+extensive, far beyond his fortune's warrant."&mdash;"I have loved and
+honoured the fame and name of that illustrious and unrivalled man, far
+more than my own paltry renown, and the trashy jingle of the crowd of
+schools and upstarts, who pretend to rival, or even surpass him. Sooner
+than a single leaf should be torn from <i>his</i> laurel, it were better that
+all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> which these men, and that I, as one of their set, have ever
+written, should</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Line trunks, clothe spice, or, fluttering in a row,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Befringe the rails of Bedlam, or Soho."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"The most <i>perfect</i> of our poets, and the purest of our moralists."&mdash;"He
+is the <i>moral</i> poet of all civilization; and, as such, let us hope that
+he will one day be the national poet of mankind. He is the only poet
+that never shocks; the only poet whose <i>faultlessness</i> has been made his
+reproach. Cast your eye over his productions; consider their extent, and
+contemplate their variety:&mdash;pastoral, passion, mock-heroic, translation,
+satire, ethics,&mdash;all excellent, and often perfect. If his great charm be
+his <i>melody</i>, how comes it that foreigners adore him even in their
+diluted translations?"<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason has also farther recorded the resplendent fame of this
+celebrated man; for in his <i>Mus&aelig;us</i>, a monody to the memory of Pope, he
+invokes the shades of Chaucer, Spencer, and Milton, to do homage to his
+departing spirit:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 7em;">&mdash;&mdash;to cheer thee at this rueful time</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">While black death doth on thy heart-strings prey.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So may we greet thee with a nobler strain,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When soon we meet for aye in yon star-sprinkled plain.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Milton thus begins <i>his</i> homage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thrice hail, thou heaven-taught warbler, last and best</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of all the train! Poet, in whom conjoin'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All that to ear, or heart, or head, could yield</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rapture; harmonious, manly, clear, sublime!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Accept this gratulation: may it cheer</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy sinking soul; or these corporeal ills</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ought daunt thee, nor appal. Know, in high heav'n</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fame blooms eternal on that spirit divine,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who builds immortal verse."<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Sir E. Brydges, in his "Letters on the Genius of Lord Byron," thus
+characterizes the grace and sweetness of his pathetic powers, in his
+<i>Eloisa</i>:&mdash;"When either his passions or imaginations <i>were</i> roused, they
+were deep, strong, and splendid. Notwithstanding <i>Eloisa</i> was an
+historical subject, his invention of circumstances of detail, his
+imagery, the changes and turns of passion, the brilliancy of hues thrown
+upon the whole, the eloquence, the tenderness, the fire, the inimitable
+grace and felicity of language, were all the fruits of creative genius.
+This poem stands alone in its kind; never anticipated, and never likely
+to be approached hereafter."</p>
+
+<p>Young uttered this sublime apostrophe when the death of Pope was first
+announced to him:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Thou, who couldst make immortals</i>, art thou dead?</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Of his <i>Essay on Man</i>, the Nouveau Dict. Hist. Portatif thus
+speaks:&mdash;"Une metaphysique lumineuse, orn&eacute;e des charmes de la po&euml;sie,
+une morale touchante, dont les le&ccedil;ons p&eacute;netrent le c&oelig;ur et
+convainquent l'esprit, des peintures vives, ou l'homme apprend a se
+conno&icirc;tre, pour apprendre &agrave; deviner meilleur; tels sont les principaux
+caracteres qui dis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>tinguent le po&euml;me Anglois. Son imagination est
+&eacute;galement sage et f&eacute;conde, elle prodigue les pens&eacute;es neunes, et donne le
+piquant de la nouveant&eacute;, aux pens&eacute;es anciennes; il embelloit les
+matieres les plus seches, par la coloris d'une &eacute;locution noble, facile,
+energ&egrave;que, vari&eacute;e avec un art infini."</p>
+
+<p>In the gardens of Stowe is the following inscription to</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+ALEXANDER POPE,<br />
+Who, uniting the correctness of judgment<br />
+To the fire of genius,<br />
+By the melody and power of his numbers,<br />
+Gave sweetness to sense, and grace to philosophy.<br />
+He employed the pointed brilliancy of his wit<br />
+To chastise the vices,<br />
+And the eloquence of poetry<br />
+To exalt the virtues of human nature;<br />
+And, being without a rival in his own age,<br />
+Imitated and translated with a spirit equal to the originals,<br />
+The best Poets of antiquity.
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Kent</span>, whose portrait appears in Mr. Dallaway's rich edition of
+the Anecdotes of Painting. Kent, with Bridgman, Pope, and Addison, have
+been termed the fathers of landscape gardening.<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> Mr. Walpole, after
+reviewing the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span> old formal style of our gardens, in language which it is
+painful to me thus only to advert to, instead of copying at length, (for
+I am fully "aware of the mischiefs which generally ensue in <i>meddling</i>
+with the productions of genius"); and after stating that when <i>nature</i>
+was taken into the plan, every step pointed out new beauties, and
+inspired new ideas: "at that moment appeared Kent, painter enough to
+taste the charms of landscape, bold and opiniative enough to dare and to
+dictate, and born with a genius to strike out a great system from the
+twilight of imperfect essays. He leaped the fence, and saw that all
+nature was a garden. Thus the pencil of his imagination bestowed all the
+arts of landscape on the scenes he handled. But of all the beauties he
+added to the face of this beautiful country, none surpassed his
+management of water. Thus, dealing in none but the colours of nature,
+and catching its most favourable features, men saw a new<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> creation
+opening before their eyes." And again he calls him "the inventor of an
+art that realizes painting, and improves nature: Mahomet imagined an
+elysium, but Kent created many." The greatest of all authorities tells
+us, that in Esher's peaceful grove, both</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Kent and Nature vied for Pelham's love.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason, in his English Garden, thus panegyrises his elysian scenes:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash; Kent, who felt</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The pencil's power; but fix'd by higher hopes</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of beauty than that pencil knew to paint,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Work'd with the living lives that <i>nature</i> lent,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And realized his landscapes.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Pope, as well as Kent, would, and Mr. Walpole, and Mr. Mason, must
+each of them have read with high approbation the following remark of the
+late Sir Uvedale Price:&mdash;"the noble and varied works of the eminent
+painters of every age and every country, and those of their supreme
+mistress, Nature, should be the great models of imitation."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Whateley paints in glowing language, the genius of Kent, both at
+Stowe, and at Claremont. Mr. George Mason thus honestly and finely
+pleads for him:&mdash;"According to my own ideas, all that has since been
+done by the most deservedly admired designers, as Southcote, Hamilton,
+Lyttleton, Pitt, Shenstone, Morris, for themselves, and by Wright for
+others, all that has been written on the subject, even the gardening
+didactic poem, and the didactic essay on the picturesque, have proceeded
+from Kent. Had Kent never exterminated the bounds of regularity, never
+actually traversed the way to freedom of manner, would any of these
+celebrated artists have found it of themselves? Theoretic hints from the
+highest authorities, had evidently long existed without<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> sufficient
+effect. And had not these great masters actually executed what Kent's
+example first inspired, them with, the design of executing, would the
+subsequent writers on gardening have been enabled to collect materials
+for precepts, or stores for their imaginations? Mr. Price acknowledges
+himself an admirer of the water-scene at Blenheim. Would it ever have
+appeared in its present shape, if no Kent had previously abolished the
+stiffness of canals! If this original artist had barely rescued the
+liquid element from the constraint of right lines and angles, that
+service alone would have given him an indubitable claim to the respect
+of posterity." The Rev. Mr. Coventry, in his admirable exposure of the
+grotesque absurdities in gardening, (being No. 15 of the World) thus
+speaks of Kent:&mdash;"The great Kent at length appeared in behalf of nature,
+declared war against the taste in fashion, and laid the axe to the root
+of artificial evergreens. Gardens were no longer filled with yews in the
+shape of giants, Noah's ark cut in holly, St. George and the Dragon in
+box, cypress lovers, laurustine bears, and all that race of root-born
+monsters which flourished so long, and looked so tremendous round the
+edges of every grass-plat. The great master above mentioned, truly the
+disciple of nature, imitated her in the agreeable wildness and beautiful
+irregularity of her plans, of which there are some noble examples still
+remaining, that abundantly show the power of his creative genius." Mr.
+Dallaway, when treating on architecture, in his Anecdotes of the Arts,
+says, "Kent designed the noble hall at Holkham, terminated by a vast
+staircase, producing, in the whole, an imposing effect of grandeur not
+to be equalled in England." Kent died in 1748. He was a contemporary
+therefore of Horace Walpole. He was buried in the vault at Chiswick,
+belonging to his friend and patron, Lord Burlington.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Bridgman's</span> portrait was a private plate. It exhibited a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span> kind-hearted,
+hale old countenance. As he has the honour of being classed with Mr.
+<i>Addison</i>, and with <i>Pope</i>, and <i>Kent</i>, as one of the champions who
+established the picturesque scenery of landscape gardening, (which
+<i>Bacon</i>, and <i>Spencer</i>, and <i>Milton</i>, as hath been observed, foresaw)
+his portrait must surely be interesting. The engraved portrait which I
+saw of him more than fifty years ago, made then a strong impression on
+me. I think it was an etching. It marked a venerable healthy man. I
+neither recollect its painter nor engraver; and it is so scarce, that
+neither Mr. Smith, of Lisle Street, nor Mr. Evans, of Great Queen
+Street, the intelligent collectors and illustrators of Granger, have
+been able to obtain it. Perhaps it will be discovered that it was a
+private plate, done at the expence of his generous and noble employer,
+Lord Cobham. Of this once able and esteemed man, I can procure little
+information. The Encycl. of Gardening says, "Lord Cobham seems to have
+been occupied in re-modelling the grounds at <i>Stowe</i>, about the same
+time that Pope was laying out his gardens at Twickenham. His lordship
+began these improvements in 1714, <i>employing Bridgman</i>, whose plans and
+views for altering old Stowe from the most rigid character of the
+ancient style to a more open and irregular design, are still in
+existence. Kent was employed a few years afterwards, first to paint the
+hall, and afterwards in the double capacity of architect and
+landscape-gardener; and the finest scenes there are his creation." The
+finest views of Stowe gardens were drawn by Rigaud, and published by
+<i>Sarah Bridgman</i>, in 1739. The fine and magnificent amphitheatre at the
+Duke of Newcastle's, at Claremont, was designed, I believe, by Bridgman.
+When Queen Caroline added nearly three hundred acres from Hyde Park to
+the gardens at Kensington, they were laid out by him. He also laid out
+the gardens at Shardeloes, near Amersham. Mr. Walpole thus mentions
+Bridgman, after alluding to the shears having been applied to the lovely
+wildness of na<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span>ture: "Improvements had gone on, till <i>London</i> and <i>Wise</i>
+had stocked our gardens with giants, animals, monsters, coats of arms,
+and mottos, in yew, box and holly. Absurdity could go no farther, and
+the tide turned. <i>Bridgman</i>, the next fashionable designer of gardens,
+was far more chaste; and whether from good sense, or that the nation had
+been struck and reformed by the admirable paper in the Guardian, No.
+173, he banished verdant sculpture, and did not even revert to the
+square precision of the foregoing age. He enlarged his plans, disdained
+to make every division tally to its opposite; and though he still
+adhered much to straight walks with high clipped hedges, they were only
+his great lines, the rest he diversified by wilderness and with loose
+groves of oak, though still within surrounding hedges. I have observed
+in the garden at Gubbins, in Hertfordshire, many detached thoughts, that
+strongly indicate the dawn of modern taste. As his reformation gained
+footing, he ventured farther, and in the royal garden at Richmond, dared
+to introduce cultivated fields, and even morsels of a forest appearance,
+by the sides of those endless and tiresome walks that stretched out of
+one into another without intermission. But this was not till other
+innovators had broke loose too from rigid symmetry. But the capital
+stroke, the leading step to all that has followed, was (<i>I believe the
+first thought was Bridgman's</i>) the destruction of walls for boundaries,
+and the invention of fosses,&mdash;an attempt then deemed so astonishing,
+that the common people called them ha! ha's! to express their surprise
+at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk.<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> One of the
+first gardens planted in this simple though still formal style, was my
+father's at Houghton. It was laid out by Mr. Eyre, an imitator of
+Bridgman."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Philip Miller</span> died at the age of eighty, and was emphatically styled by
+foreigners <i>hortulanorum princeps</i>. Switzer bears testimony to his
+"usual generosity, openness and freedom." Professor Martyn says, "he
+accumulated no wealth from his respectable connection with the great, or
+from the numerous editions of his works. He was of a disposition too
+generous, and too careless of money, to become rich, and in all his
+transactions observed more attention to integrity and honest fame, than
+to any pecuniary advantages." There is a finely engraved portrait of Mr.
+Miller, by Maillet, prefixed to the "Dictionnaire des Jardiniers, de
+Philipe Miller, traduit de l'Anglois," en 8 tom. 4to. Paris, 1785.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Pulteney says of him, "He raised himself by his merit from a state
+of obscurity to a degree of eminence, but rarely, if ever before,
+equalled in the character of a gardener." Mr. Loudon (in that "varied
+and voluminous mass of knowledge," his Encyclop&aelig;dia), thus
+remarks:&mdash;"Miller, during his long career, had no considerable
+competitor, until he approached the end of it, when several writers took
+the advantage of his unwearied labours of near half a century, and fixed
+themselves upon him, as various marine insects do upon a decaying
+shell-fish. I except Hitt and Justice, who are both originals, as is
+also Hill, after his fashion, but his gardening is not much founded in
+experience." The sister of Mr. Miller married Ehret, whose fine taste
+and botanical accuracy, and whose splendid drawings of plants, are the
+finest ornaments of a botanical library.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Miller fixed his residence adjoining that part of Chelsea
+church-yard where he lies interred. He died December 18, 1771. Mr.
+Johnson gives a list of his writings, and of the different editions of
+his celebrated Dictionary, which he terms "this great record of our
+art." He farther does full justice to him, by associating his name, at
+p. 147 and p. 151,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> with that of "the immortal Swede, whose master mind
+reduced the confusion and discord of botany to harmony." He calls Miller
+"the perfect botanist and horticulturist."<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> The following spirited
+tribute to Mr. Miller, appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for June,
+1828:&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p class="author">
+"<i>Chelsea, June 5.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>"<span class="smcap">Mr. Urban</span>,&mdash;In the first volume, page 250, of the second edition of
+<i>Faulkner's History of Chelsea</i>, just published, which contains a very
+copious fund of historical, antiquarian, and biographical information, I
+find inserted the monument and epitaph of Philip Miller, who was so
+justly styled 'the prince of horticulture' by contemporary botanists,
+and whose well-earned fame will last as long as the sciences of botany
+and horticulture shall endure. The epitaph of this distinguished man is
+correctly given; but the historian appears not to have duly appreciated,
+if he was even aware of, the circumstances which induced the Fellows of
+the Linn&aelig;an and Horticultural Societies of London to erect this grateful
+tribute of respectful esteem to him, who in his life-time, had done more
+than any individual, ancient or modern, towards enlarging the boundaries
+of the science of horticulture, and very extensively the far more
+difficult one of botany likewise. These he accomplished in the numerous
+editions of his unrivalled Dictionary, and in his elaborate
+introductions to botanical knowledge.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"The reasons which induced the above-mentioned societies to erect the
+monument in question, were, chiefly, because neither monument, nor tomb,
+nor even any recording public notice whatever (the 'monumentum &aelig;re
+perennius' of his own immortal works excepted) had previously been
+provided by any one.</p>
+
+<p>"The relatives of Miller were very few; he had no family, save two sons,
+one of whom died early, and the other, Charles Miller, at the age of 78,
+who spent the greater part of his long life in India, and returned not
+until after his father's funeral; and over his grave, in the old
+church-yard of Chelsea, a stone and sculptured brass record his name and
+age and parentage, together with that of his aged and more distinguished
+sire. This stone, too, was placed by the above-mentioned public-spirited
+societies, (unto both which the writer has the honour to belong) at the
+same time as the monument, stated by Faulkner, to the never-dying fame
+of the father.</p>
+
+<p>"But it is even now scarcely known, that when those meritorious
+testimonials of public gratitude were showered over the memory of Philip
+Miller, who had laboured so long and so successfully in the sciences
+which he loved, there was only one individual in existence, and that a
+very aged person, who had seen and attended the funeral of Miller, and
+who alone could point out the very spot where the 'Prince of
+Horticulture' was inhumed. This venerable person's name was Goodyer; he
+was the parish clerk of Chelsea church for half a century, and died as
+such in 1818, at the great age of ninety-four.</p>
+
+<p>"Nevertheless, though last, it should not be concealed that I myself had
+actually stated and published, in the win<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span>ter of 1794-5, the neglectful
+and opprobrious fact of Miller's having no single grave-stone, much less
+a monument, nor even one funeral line, to designate the spot where
+rested in its 'narrow house' the mortal relics of so great a man; see my
+Observations on the Genus Mesembryanthemum, p. 311-14; and, as every
+reader may not possess that publication, the following extract from it
+is added:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"'So much for Miller; he, alas! who pleased so well, or, rather let me
+say, he who instructed and edified so much, and was even caressed by the
+great while living, now lies, forgotten by his friends, inhumed amongst
+the common undistinguished dead, in the bleak cold yard of Chelsea
+church, the very theatre of his best actions, the physic gardens of the
+Worshipful Company of Apothecaries, at Chelsea, not half a mile distant,
+without a tomb! without a stone! nay, destitute of a single line to mark
+the spot where rests, retired from all its cares and useful toils, the
+time-worn frame of the 'Prince of Horticulture!' How are those
+discerning foreigners, who so meritoriously rendered the language of his
+Dictionary into their own, to judge of this? by what measure are they to
+estimate the fact? Miller was the author of several publications,
+besides the very numerous editions of his Dictionary and Kalendar.'</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+Yours, &amp;c.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">"<span class="smcap">A. H. Haworth.</span>"</span><br />
+</p></blockquote>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir John Hill.</span> His works are many of them enumerated in the Encyclo. of
+Gardening. The most full list is in Weston's Catalogue. His portrait is
+engraved in metz by Houston, from after Coates. It is an oval, with a
+<i>solitaire</i>. A short account of his life and writings was published at
+Edinburgh in 1779. The most general account of him is in Hutchinson's
+Biog. Medica. 2 vols. 8vo. See also the Biog. Dramatica, 2nd edit.
+1782.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Batty Langley</span> was born at Twickenham, where he resided. He was the
+author of,</p>
+
+<p>1. Practical Geometry, 1726.</p>
+
+<p>2. New Principles of Gardening, or the laying out and planting
+parterres, groves, wildernesses, labyrinths, avenues, parks, &amp;c. cuts,
+1728, 4to.</p>
+
+<p>3. The sure Method of Improving Estates by Trees, 8vo. One of his
+chapters is "On the magnitude and prodigious Growth of Trees."</p>
+
+<p>4. Pomona, or the Fruit Gardener, <i>with plates</i>, fol. 1729. At the end
+is a letter to Mr. Langley, on Cyder, from Hugh Stafford, Esq. of Pynes.</p>
+
+<p>There is a 4to. metz portrait of Mr. Langley, with the name of
+Carwirtham, as the engraver or print-seller, 1741.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir William Watson</span>, an eminent physician, who died in 1787, wrote</p>
+
+<p>1. On the Culture of Mushrooms. In vol. 42 and 43 of the Phil. Trans.</p>
+
+<p>2. Account of the Remains of Tradescant's Garden. In vol. 46 of the
+Phil. Trans.</p>
+
+<p>3. Account of the Bishop of London's Garden, at Fulham. In vol. 47 of
+the Phil. Trans. besides many valuable papers in several volumes of
+these Transactions.</p>
+
+<p>He had the pleasure of introducing <i>Kalm</i>, as well as <i>Pallas</i>, to most
+of the curious gardens in the environs of London.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> On the first
+establishment of the British Museum, he was most active in furnishing
+its garden, with no fewer than six hundred plants. His house (as Dr.
+Pulteney observes) "became the resort of the most ingenious and
+illustrious experimental philosophers that England could boast." Dr.
+Pulteney has closed a very liberal memoir of him, by inserting Dr.
+Garthshore's testimony to the humane feeling, the social politeness, and
+benignity of Sir William. His portrait is painted by Abbot, and engraved
+by Ryder, 1791. There is a full account of him in Chalmers.</p>
+
+
+<p>The Rev. <span class="smcap">William Hanbury</span>, the intimate friend of Churchill, and of
+Lloyd, in his singular "History of the Charitable Foundations at Church
+Langton," (and which exhibits his own benevolent heart, and great love
+for planting and gardening) mentions, at page 185, a full-length
+portrait of himself, by Penny. Had there been any other portrait of him,
+it is likely Mr. Nicholls would have mentioned it in his Leicestershire,
+for that gentleman, as well as Joseph Cradock, Esq. (both of whom are
+lately deceased), would have been most likely to have known, if any
+other portrait of this zealous planter did exist; so would Dr. Thomas
+Warton, who always spoke of Mr. Hanbury as a generous, disinterested,
+and benevolent man. Earlom engraved, in 1775, a three-quarter
+metzotinto, from the above portrait by Penny. Mr. Hanbury also published
+"A Complete Body of Planting and Gardening;" 2 vols. folio. Also, "An
+Essay on Planting, and a Scheme to make it conducive to the Glory of
+God, and the Advantage of Society;" Oxford, 8vo. 1s. 1758. And "The
+Gardener's New Calendar;" 8vo. 1758.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Hanbury first conceived, in 1751, the establishing at Church
+Langton, for benevolent purposes, his immense plantations; having
+procured (particularly from North America) "almost every sort of seed
+that could be procured." He<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> proposed that an annual sermon should be
+preached, either in praise of church music, the duty of decorating
+religious houses, charity in general, or the wonders of the creation;
+and that a hospital should be founded for the relief of the really
+distressed. All these extensive plans were frustrated. Even when his
+first twenty thousand trees had just been planted out, the cattle
+belonging to the tenants of Mrs. Dorothy Pickering, and Frances Byrd,
+(who a few years after died worth two hundred thousand pounds, and whose
+village biography is curiously dispersed throughout the above history)
+were <i>purposely</i> turned amongst the young trees, and in a little time
+destroyed them all. "Neither was this all; I was served for a trespass
+with twenty-seven different copies of writs in one day (by their
+attorney, Valentine Price, of Leicester); to such a degree of rage and
+fury were these old gentlewomen raised, at what one should have thought
+every heart would have rejoiced, and kindly lent an assisting hand." Mr.
+Hanbury gives many instances of the "venomous rage and passion" of these
+two old women. They had, says he, "the mortification to find themselves
+totally despised. Not a gentleman or lady would go near them, two
+neighbouring clergymen excepted, who were invited to dine with them upon
+venison." They attempted making a tool of the sow-gelder's son, to
+enable them to carry on their mean plans, and sent him word, that
+nothing they could do for him in the parish should be wanting. His
+answer was, "that favours granted from such people, on such terms, could
+never prosper, and he desired the other to tell them, they were <i>two old
+bitches</i>."&mdash;"This summer, (says Mr. Hanbury,) was murdered, in the most
+barbarous manner, the best spaniel that perhaps ever entered the field,
+and the best greyhound that ever run. With these I had been often
+entertained in my morning walks. To deprive me of these pleasures,
+afforded me in my morning recreations, I had discharges from Mrs.
+Pickering, and Mrs. Byrd, for taking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> them with me in their manors. To
+these I paid no regard, and as they never brought any action on that
+account, it may be supposed they could find no just cause to ground one.
+What then is to be done? Some method is to be contrived to deprive me of
+my attendants; the spaniel therefore was the first object destined for
+destruction. He was small, and of a beautiful black, and had been used
+to the parlour; and being absent about an hour, came reeling home in the
+agonies of death; and in about a quarter of an hour after, died in the
+seemingly most excruciating tortures. Suspecting some villany, I ordered
+him to be opened, but found everything perfect and entire; I then
+directed him to be skinned, and coming to the loins, found the traces of
+a table-fork, which was stuck into the kidneys, and which was the
+occasion of his speedy and dreadful death. A few days after this, my
+best greyhound was stuck in the loins, in the like barbarous manner,
+which brought on the same kind of speedy and agonizing death; and this
+was the catastrophe of these two noted dogs, which had been much talked
+of, and were famous amongst sportsmen, as being most perfect in their
+kind. Some time after this, their game-keeper, in company with his
+nephew, <i>buried two dogs alive</i>; they were the property of Mr. Wade, a
+substantial grazier, who had grounds contiguous to a place of cover,
+called Langton Caudle, where was often game; and where the unfortunate
+two dogs, straying from their master, had been used to hunt. The
+game-keeper and his nephew being shooting in this place, the dogs, upon
+the report of the gun, made towards them. Their shooting them or hanging
+them would have been merciful, but they buried them alive; and what
+words can express the abhorrence of such barbarity to such innocent
+creatures following the dictates of nature? To prevent a possibility of
+their scratching a way out, they covered them down with black thorns;
+over these they laid a sufficient quantity of earth and one large stone,
+which the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> rammed down with their heels. Day after day the dogs were
+heard in this place, with the howling, barking noise of dogs that were
+lost. Some people resorted to find them out, and wondered it was to no
+purpose, for nobody could suspect the dogs were under ground; and thus
+after calling and whistling them, and seeking them for some time,
+returned, amazed that lost dogs should continue so long in that place;
+but a sight of none could ever be had. The noise was fancied to come
+sometimes from one quarter, sometimes from another; and when they came
+near the place they were in, they ceased howling, expecting their
+deliverance was at hand. I myself heard them <i>ten days</i> after they had
+been buried; and seeing some people at a distance, enquired what dogs
+they were. <i>They are some dogs that are lost, Sir</i>, said they; <i>they
+have been lost some time</i>. I concluded only some poachers had been there
+early in the morning, and by a precipitate flight had left their dogs
+behind them. In short, the howling and barking of these dogs was heard
+for near three weeks, when it ceased. Mr. Wade's dogs were missing, but
+he could not suspect those to be his; and the noise ceasing, the
+thoughts, wonder, and talking about them, soon also ceased. Some time
+after, a person being amongst the bushes where the howling was heard,
+discovered some disturbed earth, and the print of men's heels ramming it
+down again very close; and seeing Mr. Wade's servant, told him, he
+thought something had been buried there. <i>Then</i>, said the man, <i>it is
+our dogs, and they have been buried alive: I will go and fetch a spade,
+and will find them, if I dig all Caudle over</i>. He soon brought a spade,
+and upon removing the top earth, came to the blackthorns, and then to
+the dogs, the biggest of which had eat the loins and greatest share of
+the hind parts of the little one." Mr. Hanbury states the deaths of
+these two sisters in the course of a few months after. The sums they
+accumulated by their penurious way of living, were immense. They
+bequeathed legacies by will to almost<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> every body that were no kin to
+them except their assiduous attorney, Valentine Price, to whom they left
+nothing. "But what is strange and wonderful, though their charities in
+their life-time at Langton were a sixpenny loaf a week only, which was
+divided into as many parts as there were petitioners, and distributed by
+eleven of the clock on a Sunday, unless they left the town the day
+before, which was often the case, and when the poor were sure to fail of
+their bounty; these gentlewomen, at the death of the last, bequeathed by
+will upwards of twelve thousand pounds to the different hospitals and
+religious institutions in the kingdom. A blaze of goodness issued from
+them at last, and thus ended these two poor, unhappy, uncharitable,
+charitable old gentlewomen."</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Marshall calls him, "the indefatigable Hanbury, whose immense
+labours are in a manner lost to the public." No man delighted more than
+Mr. Hanbury did, in describing the beauty of trees and shrubs: this is
+visible in the extracts which Mr. Marshall has made in his "Planting and
+Rural Ornament."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Shenstone</span>, Esq., justly celebrated for his pure and classic
+taste in landscape gardening. His tender and pathetic feelings shine
+throughout most of his works; and the sweetness and simplicity of his
+temper and manners, endeared him to the neighbourhood and to his
+acquaintance. Dr. Johnson says, his life was unstained by any crime. He
+farther says of him, "He began from this time to
+entangle his walks, and to wind his waters; which he did with such
+judgment and such fancy, as made his little domain the envy of the great
+and the admiration of the skilful. His house was mean, and he did not
+improve it; his care was of his grounds. When he came home from his
+walks, he might find his floor flooded by a shower through the broken
+roof; but could spare no money for its reparation. In time his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> expences
+brought clamours about him, that overpowered the lamb's bleat and the
+linnet's song; and his groves were haunted by beings very different from
+fawns and fairies. He spent his estate in adorning it, and his death was
+probably hastened by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in
+blazing. It is said, that if he had lived a little longer he would have
+been assisted by a pension: such bounty could not have been ever more
+properly bestowed; but that it was ever asked is not certain; it is too
+certain that it never was enjoyed."</p>
+
+<p>His intimate friend, Robert Dodsley, thus speaks of him: "Tenderness,
+indeed, in every sense of the word, was his peculiar characteristic; his
+friends, his domestics, his poor neighbours, all daily experienced his
+benevolent turn of mind. He was no economist; the generosity of his
+temper prevented him from paying a proper regard to the use of money: he
+exceeded, therefore, the bounds of his paternal fortune, which before he
+died was considerably incumbered. But when one recollects the perfect
+paradise he had raised around him, the hospitality with which he lived,
+his great indulgence to his servants, his charities to the indigent, and
+all done with an estate not more than three hundred pounds a year, one
+should rather be led to wonder that he left any thing behind him, than
+to blame his want of economy. He left, however, more than sufficient to
+pay all his debts; and, by his will, appropriated his whole estate for
+that purpose."</p>
+
+<p>His portrait is prefixed to his works, published in 3 vols. 8vo. 1764.
+His second volume contains his "Unconnected Thoughts on Landscape
+Gardening;" and the description of the celebrated <i>Leasowes</i>, in that
+volume, was written by ("the modest, sensible, and humane") Robert
+Dodsley. His Epistolary Correspondence appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. The
+title pages of the above first three volumes are attrac<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span>tive from their
+vignette, or rural embellishments. A portrait of Shenstone was taken in
+1758, by Ross, which Hall engraved for Dodsley, in 1780; and this
+picture by Ross was in the possession of the late most worthy Dr.
+Graves, of Claverton, who died a few years ago, at the advanced age of
+ninety. Bell's edition of the Poets has a neat copy of this portrait.
+Dr. Graves wrote "Recollections of the late William Shenstone." He also
+dedicated an urn to him, and inscribed these lines thereon:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stranger! if woods and lawns like these,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If rural scenes thy fancy please,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ah! stop awhile, and pensive view</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Poor Shenstone's urn: who oft, like you,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">These woods and lawns well-pleased has rov'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And oft these rural scenes approv'd.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Like him, be thou fair virtue's friend,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And health and peace thy steps attend.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Shenstone died in 1763, and is buried in Hales Owen church yard. An
+urn is placed in the church to his memory, thus inscribed:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whoe'er thou art, with reverence tread</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">These sacred mansions of the dead.&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Not that the monumental bust</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or sumptuous tomb <span class="smcap">HERE</span> guards the dust</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of rich or great: (Let wealth, rank, birth,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sleep undistinguish'd in the earth;)</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">This simple urn records a name</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That shines with more exalted fame.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Reader! if genius, taste refined,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A native elegance of mind;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If virtue, science, manly sense;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">If wit, that never gave offence;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The clearest head, the tenderest heart,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In thy esteem e'er claim'd a part;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ah! smite thy breast, and drop a tear,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For, know, <span class="smcap">THY</span> Shenstone's dust lies here.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason thus speaks of Shenstone:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">&mdash;&mdash;"Nor thou</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shalt pass without thy meed, thou son of peace,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who knew'st perchance to harmonize thy shades</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Still softer than thy song; yet was that song</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor rude nor unharmonious, when attuned</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To pastoral plaint, or tales of slighted love."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>And Mr. Whateley pays his memory the following tribute, previous to his
+masterly survey of his far-famed and enchanting seat: "An allusion to
+the ideas of pastoral poetry evidently enters into the design of the
+Leasowes, where they appear so lovely as to endear the memory of their
+author, and justify the reputation of Mr. Shenstone, who inhabited, made
+and directed that celebrated place. It is a perfect picture of his mind,
+simple, elegant, and amiable, and will always suggest a doubt whether
+the spot inspired his verses, or whether, in the scenes which he formed,
+he only realized the pastoral images which abound in his songs."<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a>
+George Mason, in many pages, pays high compliments to Shenstone's taste:
+"Paine's Hill has every mark of creative genius, and Hagley of
+correctest fancy; but the most intimate <i>alliance with nature</i> was
+formed by Shenstone." Mr. Marshall, in his "Planting and Rural
+Ornament," has some critical remarks on the <i>Leasowes</i>, the expences in
+perfecting which threw Shenstone "on the rack of poverty, and probably
+hastened the dissolution of an amiable and valuable man." He says that
+<i>Enville</i> was originally designed by Shenstone,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> and that the cascade
+and chapel were spoken of, with confidence, as his.<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Lord Kames.</span> His portrait is prefixed to the memoirs of him, by Lord
+Woodhouselee, in 2 vols. 4to. 1807. There is an edition of the same
+work, in 3 vols. 8vo. 1814, with the same portrait, which is engraved
+from a drawing by D. Martin. His "Gentleman Farmer" spread his fame
+through Scotland. Its preface is particularly interesting. Mr. Smellie,
+in his Literary Lives of Gregory, Home, Hume, Adam Smith, and Lord
+Kames, after giving many interesting particulars of the latter, and
+after noticing his benevolence to the poor, during the whole course of
+his long life, proceeds:&mdash;"One great feature in the character of Lord
+Kames, besides his literary talents, and his public spirit, was a
+remarkable innocency of mind. He not only never indulged in detraction,
+but when any species of scandal was exhibited in his company, he either
+remained silent, or endeavoured to give a turn to the conversation. As
+natural consequences of this amiable disposition, he never meddled with
+politics, even when politics ran to indecent lengths in this country;
+and what is still more remarkable, he never wrote a sentence,
+notwithstanding his numerous publications, without a direct and a
+manifest intention to benefit his fellow creatures. In his temper he was
+naturally warm, though kindly and affectionate. In the friendships he
+formed, he was ardent, zealous and sincere. So far from being inclined
+to irreligion, as some ignorant bigots insinuated, few men possessed a
+more devout habit of thought. A constant sense of Deity, and a
+veneration for Providence, dwelt upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span> his mind. From this source arose
+that propensity, which appears in all his writings, of investigating
+final causes, and tracing the wisdom of the Supreme Author of Nature."
+He had the honour to be highly esteemed by the celebrated Mrs. Montagu.</p>
+
+<p>The European Magazine of Nov. 1790, which gives an engraved portrait of
+him, being a copy of the above, thus speaks: "He was one of the very
+first who to great legal knowledge, added a considerable share of polite
+literature. He arrived at the highest rank to which a lawyer could
+attain in his own country; and he has left to the world such literary
+productions, as will authorize his friends to place him, if not in the
+highest, yet much above the lowest, class of elegant and polite writers.
+He died in 1783, leaving to the world a proof, that an attention to the
+abstrusest branches of learning, is not incompatible with the more
+pleasing pursuits of taste and polite literature." He was kind-hearted
+and humane. His pure taste in landscape scenery, is acknowledged by Mr.
+Loudon, in p. 81 of the Encyclop&aelig;dia of Gardening. <i>Blair Drummond</i> will
+long be celebrated as having been his residence, and he there displayed
+his superior taste in planting and improving.</p>
+
+<p>In his "Elements of Criticism," (a truly original work) there is a
+distinct chapter on architecture and gardening. He therein thus
+addresses the reader:&mdash;"These cursory observations upon gardening, shall
+be closed with some reflections that must touch every reader. Rough
+uncultivated ground, dismal to the eye, inspires peevishness and
+discontent: may not this be one cause of the harsh manners of savages? A
+field richly ornamented, containing beautiful objects of various kinds,
+displays in full lustre the goodness of the Deity, and the ample
+provision he has made for our happiness. Ought not the spectator to be
+filled with grati<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>tude to his Maker, and with benevolence to his fellow
+creatures? Other fine arts may be perverted to excite irregular and even
+vicious emotions; but gardening, which inspires the purest and most
+refined pleasures, cannot fail to promote every good affection. The
+gaiety and harmony of mind it produceth, inclineth the spectator to
+communicate his satisfaction to others, and to make them happy as he is
+himself, and tends naturally to establish in him a habit of humanity and
+benevolence."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Abercrombie's</span> manly and expressive countenance is best given in the
+portrait prefixed to an edition in 2 vols. 8vo. published Feb. 1, 1783,
+by Fielding and Debrett. He is also drawn at full-length at his age of
+seventy-two, in the sixteenth edition, printed in 1800, with a pleasing
+view of a garden in the back-ground, neatly engraved. This honest,
+unassuming man, persevered "through a long life of scarcely interrupted
+health," in the ardent pursuit of his favourite science. The tenor of
+his life exemplified how much a garden calms the mind, and tranquilly
+sets at rest its turbulent passions. Mr. Loudon's Encyclop. of
+Gardening, after giving some interesting points of his history, thus
+concludes: "In the spring of 1806, being in his eightieth year, he met
+with a severe fall, by which he broke the upper part of his thigh bone.
+This accident, which happened to him on the 15th of April, terminated in
+his death. After lying in a very weak exhausted state, without much
+pain, he expired in the night, between April and May, as St. Paul's
+church struck twelve. He was lamented by all who knew him, as cheerful,
+harmless, and upright." One of his biographers thus relates of him:
+"Abercrombie from a fall down stairs in the dark, died at the age of
+eighty, and was buried at St. Pancras. He was present at the famous
+battle of Preston Pans, which was fought close to his father's garden
+walls. For the last twenty years of his life he lived chiefly on tea,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span>
+using it three times a-day: his pipe was his first companion in the
+morning, and last at night.<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> He never remembered to have taken a dose
+of physic in his life, prior to his last fatal accident, nor of having a
+day's illness but once." A list of his works appears in Watts's Bibl.
+Brit., and a most full one in Johnson's History of English Gardening,
+who, with many collected particulars of Abercrombie, relates the great
+and continually increasing sale of some of his works.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Launcelot Browne</span>, Esq.
+His portrait was painted by Dance, and engraved by Sherwin. Under this
+portrait are engraved the following lines, from the pen of Mr. Mason,
+which are also inscribed on the tomb of Mr. Browne, in the church of
+Fen-Staunton, Huntingdonshire:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Ye sons of elegance, who truly taste</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>The simple charms which genuine art supplies,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Come from the sylvan scenes his genius drew,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>And offer here your tributary sighs.</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>But know, that more than genius slumbers here,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>Virtues were his that art's best powers transcend,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Come, ye superior train! who these revere,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>And weep the christian, husband, father, friend.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Walpole, too, pays Mr. Browne this elegant compliment: "Did living
+artists come within my plan, I should be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> glad to do justice to Mr.
+Browne; but he may be a gainer by being reserved for some abler pen."
+This celebrated landscape gardener died suddenly, in Hertford Street,
+May Fair, on the 6th of February, 1783, on his return from a visit to
+his old friend the Earl of Coventry. Mr. Browne, though bred a common
+gardener at Stowe, possessed a cultivated mind, and his society was much
+courted. Joseph Cradock, Esq. called him "a most agreeable, unassuming
+man." He amassed a large fortune. He was consulted by most of the
+nobility and gentry, and the places he laid out or altered, were, as Mr.
+Loudon observes, beyond all reckoning. Mr. Repton has given a list of
+his principal works.</p>
+
+<p>It has been the fate of this eminent master of landscape embellishment,
+to be severely censured by some, and lavishly praised by others. The
+late keen and consummate observer of landscape scenery, Sir Uvedale
+Price, harshly condemns the too frequent cold monotony and tameness of
+many of Mr. Browne's creations, and his never transfusing into his works
+any thing of the taste and spirit which prevail in the poet Mason's
+precepts and descriptions; and in one of his acute, yet pleasant pages,
+he alludes to his having but <i>one</i> and the same plan of operation;
+<i>Sangrado</i>-like, treating all disorders in the same manner. Perhaps the
+too general smoothness and tameness of Mr. Browne's pleasure-grounds ill
+accorded with Sir Uvedale's enthusiasm for the more sublime views of
+forest scenery, rapid and stony torrents and cascades, wild entangled
+dingles, and craggy breaks; or with the high and sublime notions he had
+imbibed from the rich scenery of nature so often contemplated by him in
+the landscapes of <i>Claude</i>, or in those of <i>Rubens</i>, <i>Gaspar Poussin</i>,
+<i>Salvator Rosa</i>, or of <i>Titian</i>, "the greatest of all landscape
+painters." Perhaps Sir Uvedale preferred "unwedgeable and gnarled oaks,"
+to "the tameness of the poor pinioned trees of a gentleman's plantation,
+drawn up straight," or the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> wooded banks of a river, to the "bare shaven
+border of a canal."<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a></p>
+
+<p>Daines Barrington happily said, "Kent has been succeeded by Browne, who
+hath undoubtedly great merit in laying out pleasure-grounds; but I
+conceive that in some of his plans, I see rather traces of the
+kitchen-gardener of old Stowe, than of Poussin or Claude Lorraine: I
+could wish, therefore, that Gainsborough gave the design, and that
+Browne executed it."<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> Mr. Loudon observes, "that Browne must have
+possessed considerable talents, the extent of his reputation abundantly
+proves; but that he was imbued with much of that taste for picturesque
+beauty, which distinguished the works of Kent, Hamilton, and Shenstone,
+we think will hardly be asserted by any one who has observed attentively
+such places as are known to be his creations." Mr. George Mason candidly
+asks, "why Browne should be charged with all the defects of those that
+have called themselves his followers, I have seen no good reason
+alleged,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> nor can I suppose it possible to produce one." Many of his
+imitators exhibited so little talent in their creations, that Mr.
+Browne's name considerably suffered in the estimation of many.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gilpin speaks of Browne's improvements at Blenheim in high terms.
+Mr. Marshall in his Survey of Stowe and Fisherwick, in vol. i. of his
+"Planting and Rural Ornament," and at p. 384, pays a fair tribute to
+him. Much general information respecting him may be seen in Mr. Loudon's
+chapter "Of the rise, progress, and present state of gardening in the
+British Isles." The candour and rich conciseness of this review,
+embraces the whole <i>magic of the art</i>, as respects landscape
+gardening.<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Francis Zavier Vispre</span> wrote "A Dissertation on the Growth of Wine in
+England", Bath, 8vo. 1786. Mr. Vispr&eacute; died poor, between thirty and
+forty years ago, in St. Martin's Lane. He excelled in painting portraits
+in crayons: Sir Joshua much esteemed him. He was a most inoffensive man,
+of the mildest manners, and of the purest integrity. I have seen his
+portrait in crayons, in an oval, finely finished by himself, but know
+not now where that is. On his mode of training the vine <i>very near the
+ground</i>, see p. 757 of the Encyclop. of Gardening.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Mason</span>, precentor and canon of York, died in 1797. His friend,
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, painted an impressive portrait of him, which is
+engraved by Doughty. A masterly copy of this fine portrait is in Mr.
+Cadell's Con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span>temporary Portraits. A copy is also prefixed to the edition
+of his works, in 4 vols. 8vo. 1811, published by Mr. Cadell. His
+portrait was also taken by Vaslet, and engraved by Carter, 1771. It is a
+large metz etching. He translated Du Fresnoy's Art of Painting, to which
+Sir Joshua added some notes. Mr. Mason has prefixed an Epistle to Sir
+Joshua, which thus concludes:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And oh! if ought thy poet can pretend</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beyond his favourite wish, to <i>call thee friend</i>:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Be it that here his tuneful toil has dress'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The muse of <i>Fresnoy</i> in a modern vest;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And, with what skill his fancy could bestow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Taught the close folds to take an easier flow;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Be it that here, thy partial smile approv'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The pains he lavish'd on the art he lov'd.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason's attachment to painting was an early one, is conspicuous in
+many of his writings, and in his English Garden, is visible throughout:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash;feel ye there</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What <i>Reynolds</i> felt, when first the Vatican</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Unbarr'd her gates, and to his raptur'd eye</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gave all the god-like energy that flow'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">From <i>Michael's</i> pencil; feel what <i>Garrick</i> felt,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">When first he breath'd the soul of <i>Shakspeare's</i> page.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Sir Joshua, in his will, bequeaths his then supposed portrait of Milton
+to Mr. Mason.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Gray thus observes of Mason, when at Cambridge:&mdash;"So ignorant of the
+world and its ways, that this does not hurt him in one's opinion; so
+sincere and so undisguised, that no mind with a spark of generosity
+would ever think of hurting him, he lies so open to injury; but so
+indolent, that if he cannot overcome this habit, all his good qualities
+will signify nothing at all."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason, in 1754, found a patron in the Earl of Holderness, who
+presented him with the living of <i>Aston</i>, in Yorkshire. This sequestred
+village was favourable to his love of poetry and picturesque scenery;
+which displayed itself at large in his English Garden, and was the
+foundation of his lasting friendship with Mr. Gilpin, who to testify his
+esteem, dedicated to him his <i>Observations on the Wye</i>. A biographer of
+the late Mr. Shore, of Norton Hall, (the friend of Priestley), thus
+mentions <i>Aston</i>:&mdash;"That truly conscientious, and truly learned and
+excellent man, Mr. Lindsey, spent a whole week in this neighbourhood. He
+was during that time the guest of his friend Mr. Mason, who was residing
+on his rectory at <i>Aston</i>, the biographer of Gray, and one whose taste,
+gave beauty, and poetry, celebrity, to that cheerful village." His
+friendship for Mr. Gray, terminated only with the life of the latter. In
+1770 Mr. Mason was visited at Aston, for the last time, by him. His last
+letter to Mr. Mason was from Pembroke-hall, in May, 1771, and on the
+31st of the next month, and at that place, this sublime genius paid the
+debt of nature. The following epitaph was written by Mr. Mason, and
+inscribed on the monument in Westminster Abbey:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No more the Grecian muse unrivall'd reigns;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To Britain let the nations homage pay:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She felt a Homer's fire in Milton's strains,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A Pindar's rapture in the lyre of Gray.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>He farther evinced his attachment to this elegant scholar by publishing
+his poems and letters, to which he prefixed memoirs of him. He commences
+the third book of his English Garden with an invocation to his memory,
+and records, in lofty language, his eye glistening and his accents
+glowing, when viewing the charms of all-majestic Nature&mdash;the heights of
+Skiddaw and the purple crags of Borrow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span>dale. And on a rustic alcove, in
+the garden at Aston, which he dedicated to Mr. Gray, he inscribed this
+stanza from the celebrated elegy:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Here scatter'd oft, the loveliest of the year,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>By hands unseen, are showers of violets found;</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>The red-breast loves to build and warble here,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>And little footsteps lightly print the ground.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason married in 1765 a most amiable woman; she fell at length into
+a rapid consumption, and at Bristol hot-wells she died. Gray's letter to
+Mr. Mason while at that place, is full of eloquence; upon which the
+latter observes, "I opened it almost at the precise moment when it would
+be necessarily most affecting. His epitaph on the monument he erected on
+this lady, in the Bristol cathedral, breathes such tender feeling and
+chaste simplicity, that it can need no apology for being noticed here:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Take, holy earth! all that my soul holds dear;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Take that best gift which heav'n so lately gave:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To Bristol's fount I bore with trembling care</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Her faded form: she bow'd to taste the wave</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And died. Does youth, does beauty, read the line?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Does sympathetic fears their breasts alarm?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Speak, dead Maria! breathe a strain divine:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">E'en from the grave thou shalt have power to charm.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bid them be chaste, be innocent, like thee;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Bid them in duty's sphere as meekly move;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And if so fair, from vanity as free;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">As firm in friendship, and as fond in love.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tell them, though 'tis an awful thing to die,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">('Twas e'en to thee) yet the dread path once trod,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Heav'n lifts its everlasting portals high,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And bids "the pure in heart behold their God."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>A very short time after Mrs. Mason's death, he began his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> English
+Garden, and invokes the genius both of poetry and painting</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash;that at my birth</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Auspicious smil'd, and o'er my cradle dropp'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Those magic seeds of Fancy, which produce</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A Poet's feeling, and a Painter's eye.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;with lenient smiles to deign to cheer,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">At this sad hour, my desolated soul.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For deem not ye that I resume the lyre</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To court the world's applause; my years mature</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Have learn'd to slight the toy. No, 'tis to soothe</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That agony of heart, which they alone,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who best have lov'd, who best have been belov'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Can feel, or pity: sympathy severe!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Which she too felt, when on her pallid lip</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The last farewell hung trembling, and bespoke</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A wish to linger here, and bless the arms</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">She left for heav'n.&mdash;She died, and heav'n is her's!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Be mine, the pensive solitary balm</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That recollection yields. Yes, angel pure!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">While memory holds her seat, thine image still</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shall reign, shall triumph there; and when, as now,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Imagination forms a nymph divine,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To lead the fluent strain, thy modest blush,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thy mild demeanour, thy unpractis'd smile,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shall grace that nymph, and sweet Simplicity</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Be dress'd (ah, meek Maria!) in thy charms.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Thomas Warton thus speaks of the above poem, when reviewing Tusser's
+Husbandry:&mdash;"Such were the rude beginnings in the English language of
+didactic poetry, which, on a kindred subject, the present age has seen
+brought to perfection, by the happy combination of judicious precepts,
+with the most elegant ornaments of language and imagery, in Mr. Mason's
+English Garden." His Elfrida and Caractacus, are admired for boldness of
+conception and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> sublime description. Elfrida was set to Music by Arne,
+and again by Giardini. Caractacus was also set to music. Mr. Mason's
+success with both these dramatic poems was beyond his most sanguine
+expectation.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Darwin wrote an epitaph on Mr. Mason; these lines are its concluding
+part:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weave the bright wreath, to worth departed just,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And hang unfading chaplets on his bust;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">While pale Elfrida, bending o'er his bier,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Breathes the soft sigh and sheds the graceful tear;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And stern Caractacus, with brow depress'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Clasps the cold marble to his mailed breast.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In lucid troops shall choral virgins throng,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With voice alternate chant their poet's song.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And, oh! in golden characters record</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Each firm, immutable, immortal word!</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>"Those last two lines from the final chorus of Elfrida, (says Miss
+Seward), admirably close this tribute to the memory of him who stands
+second to Gray, as a lyric poet; whose English Garden is one of the
+happiest efforts of didactic verse, containing the purest elements of
+horticultural taste, dignified by freedom and virtue, rendered
+interesting by episode, and given in those energetic and undulating
+measures which render blank verse excellent; whose unowned satires, yet
+certainly his, the heroic epistle to Sir William Chambers, and its
+postscript, are at once original in their style, harmonious in their
+numbers, and pointed in their ridicule; whose tragedies are the only
+pathetic tragedies which have been written in our language upon the
+severe Greek model. The Samson Agonistes bears marks of a stronger, but
+also of an heavier hand, and is unquestionably less touching than the
+sweet Elfrida, and the sublime Caractacus."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Mason, in 1756 published four Odes. "It would be difficult to say,
+(says the biographer of the annual Necrology of 1797,) which is most to
+be admired, the vividness of the conception, or the spirit of liberty,
+and the ardent love of independance throughout. The address to Milton in
+his Ode to Memory, and to Andrew Marvel, in that to Independance, cannot
+be too much admired. At the period when the Middlesex election was so
+much agitated, he united with those independant freeholders, who, by
+their declarations and petitions, throughout the nation, opposed
+corruption, and claimed a reform in parliament; and when the county of
+York assembled in 1779, he was of the committee, and had a great share
+in drawing up their spirited resolutions. The animated vindication of
+the conduct of the freeholders, and other papers, though printed
+anonimously in the newspapers, and so printed in Mr. Wyvill's collection
+of political tracts, in 3 vols. are well known to be Mr. Mason's
+production. This conduct rendered him obnoxious to the court party. He
+was at this time one of the king's chaplains, but when it became his
+turn to preach before the royal family, the queen appointed another
+person to supply his place. It has been observed, that his sentiments in
+a later period of his life, took a colour less favourable to liberty.
+Whether alarmed at the march of the French revolution, or from the
+timidity of age, we know not. His friend Horace Walpole, charges him
+with flat apostacy:" The <i>Heroic Epistle</i> to Sir W. Chambers, and the
+<i>Heroic Postscript</i>, are now positively said to have been written by Mr.
+Mason. Mr. Thomas Warton observed, "they may have been written by
+Walpole, and buckramed by Mason."</p>
+
+<p>The late Sir U. Price, in the generous and patriotic conclusion of his
+letter to Mr. Repton, pays a delicate compliment to the genius of Mr.
+Mason in whatever concerns rural scenery; and his respect for Mr. Mason,
+and his high<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> opinion of his talents, is farther shewn in pp. 295 and
+371 of his first volume, and in p. 94 of vol. ii. Mr. Mathias, after
+supposing Mr. Mason to have been the author of the Heroic Epistle, and
+after paying a high compliment to his general poetry, thus concludes his
+generous tribute:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whence is that groan? no more Britannia sleeps,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But o'er her lov'd Mus&aelig;us bends and weeps.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lo, every Grecian, every British muse</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Scatter the recent flowers and gracious dews</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where <span class="smcap">Mason</span> lies!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And in his breast each soft affection dwelt,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That love and friendship know; each sister art,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With all that colours, and that sounds impart,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All that the sylvan theatre can grace,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All in the soul of <span class="smcap">Mason</span> found their place!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Low sinks the laurell'd head: in Mona's land</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I see them pass, 'tis Mador's drooping band,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To harps of woe, in holiest obsequies,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In yonder grave, they chant, our Druid lies!</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Erasmus Darwin.</span> In the life of this justly celebrated physician, by Miss
+Seward, she informs us, that in the year 1770, he sat to Mr. Wright of
+Derby; and that it was "a contemplative portrait, of the most perfect
+resemblance." Whether it has been engraved I know not. He was then in
+his thirty-eighth year. Dr. Thornton, in his superb work on botany, has
+given a fine portrait of Dr. Darwin, at a more advanced period of his
+life. It breathes intelligence in every feature, and is a masterly
+likeness. The late Mr. Archdeacon Clive preserved a highly-finished
+miniature portrait of him, which was ordered by Dr. Darwin for the
+express purpose of being presented to this worthy clergyman, whom he so
+much esteemed.<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Dr. Darwin published,</p>
+
+<p>1. Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life.</p>
+
+<p>2. Phytologia, or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, 4to.
+1800. "A vast field of treasured observation and scientific literature."</p>
+
+<p>3. The Botanic Garden.</p>
+
+<p>Lord Byron, and others, have been severe on this poem. The lines,
+however, on the soldier's wife and infants, after watching the battle of
+Minden&mdash;those animated ones to Mr. Howard&mdash;or when the mother, during
+the plague in London, commits her children to the grave,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>When o'er the friendless bier no rites were read,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>No dirge slow chanted, and no pall outspread;</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>these make one gladly acknowledge, that pathetic powers were the gift of
+Darwin's muse. The sublimity of the following address to our <i>first</i>
+daring &aelig;ronaut, merits insertion:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;Rise, great Mongolfier! urge thy venturous flight</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">High o'er the moon's pale, ice-reflected light;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">High o'er the pearly star, whose beamy horn</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hangs in the east, gay harbinger of morn;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Leave the red eye of Mars on rapid wing,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jove's silver guards, and Saturn's dusky ring;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Leave the fair beams, which issuing from afar</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Play with new lustres round the Georgian star;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shun with strong oars the sun's attractive throne,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The burning Zodiac, and the milky Zone:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where headlong comets with increasing force</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Through other systems bend their burning course!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For thee Cassiope her chair withdraws,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For thee the Bear retracts his shaggy paws;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">High o'er the north thy golden orb shall roll,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And blaze eternal round the wondering pole.<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>Miss Seward, after stating that professional generosity distinguished
+Dr. Darwin's medical practice at Lichfield, farther says, that
+"diligently also did he attend to the health of the poor in that city,
+and afterwards at Derby, and supplied their necessities by food, and all
+sorts of charitable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> assistance. In each of those towns, <i>his</i> was the
+cheerful board of almost open-housed hospitality, without extravagance
+or pride; deeming ever the first unjust, the latter unmanly. Generosity,
+wit and science, were his household gods."<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a> She again states that
+when he removed from Lich<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span>field to Derby, "his renown, as a physician,
+still increased as time rolled on, and his mortal life declined from its
+noon. Patients resorted to him more and more, from every part of the
+kingdom, and often from the continent. All ranks, all orders of society,
+all religions, leaned upon his power to ameliorate disease, and to
+prolong existence. The rigid and sternly pious, who had attempted to
+renounce his aid, from a superstition that no blessing would attend the
+prescriptions of a sceptic, sacrificed, after a time, their
+superstitious scruples to their involuntary consciousness of his mighty
+skill." Mr. Mathias, though he severely criticizes some of Dr. Darwin's
+works, yet he justly calls him "this very ingenious man, and most
+excellent physician, for such he undoubtedly was."</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 550px;">
+<img src="images/fig208-300dpi.jpg" width="550" height="476" alt="" title="decoration" />
+</div>
+
+<p>From scattered passages in Miss Seward's Life of him, one can easily
+trace the delight he took (notwithstanding his immense professional
+engagements,) in the scenery of nature and gardens;&mdash;witness his
+frequent admiration of the tangled glen and luxuriant landscape at
+<i>Belmont</i>, its sombre and pathless woods, impressing us with a sense of
+solemn seclusion, like the solitudes of <i>Tinian</i>, or <i>Juan Fernandes</i>,
+with its "silent and unsullied stream," which the admirable lines he
+addresses to the youthful owner of that spot so purely and temperately
+allude to:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O, friend to peace and virtue, ever flows</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">For thee my silent and unsullied stream,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pure and untainted as thy blameless life!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Let no gay converse lead thy steps astray,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To mix my chaste wave with immodest wine,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor with the poisonous cup, which Chemia's hand</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Deals (fell enchantress!) to the sons of folly!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">So shall young Health thy daily walks attend,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weave for thy hoary brow the vernal flower</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of cheerfulness, and with his nervous arm</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Arrest th' inexorable scythe of Time.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>So early, and indeed throughout his whole life, did Dr. Darwin enforce
+the happy consequences of temperance and sobriety; from his conviction
+of the pernicious effects of all kinds of intemperance on the youthful
+constitution. He had an absolute horror of spirits of all sorts, however
+diluted. Pure water was, throughout the greater part of his temperate
+life, his favourite beverage. He has been severely censured (no doubt
+very justly so), for some of his religious prejudices. Old Walter Mapes,
+the jovial canon of Salisbury, precentor of Lincoln, and arch-deacon of
+Oxford, in the eleventh century, considered <i>water</i> as fit only for
+<i>heretics</i>.</p>
+
+<p>One may again trace his fondness for the rich scenery of nature, when he
+in 1777 purchased a wild umbrageous valley near Lichfield, with its
+mossy fountain of the purest water. This spot he fondly cultivated. The
+botanic skill displayed by him on this spot, did not escape the
+searching eye of Mr. Loudon, for in p. 807 of his Encyclop. of
+Gardening, he pays a deserved compliment to him.<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> Miss<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> Seward wrote
+some lines on this favoured valley, and these are part of them:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O! may no ruder step these bowers profane,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">No midnight wassailers deface the plain;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And when the tempests of the wintry day</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Blow golden autumn's varied leaves away,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Winds of the north, restrain your icy gales,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor chill the bosom of these hallow'd vales.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>His attachment to gardens, induced him to honour the memory of Mr.
+Mason, by lines once intended for his monument; and he was suggesting
+improvements at the priory at Derby (and which he had just described the
+last morning of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> his life in a sprightly letter to a friend), when the
+fatal signal was given, and a few hours after, on the 18th of April,
+1802, and in his sixty-ninth year, he sunk into his chair and expired.
+"Thus in one hour (says his affectionate biographer) was extinguished
+that vital light, which the preceding hour had shone in flattering
+brightness, promising duration; (such is often <i>the cunning flattery of
+nature</i>), that light, which through half a century, had diffused its
+radiance and its warmth so widely; that light in which penury had been
+cheered, in which science had expanded; to whose orb poetry had brought
+all her images; before whose influence disease had continually
+retreated, and death so often "turned aside his levelled dart!"<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> That
+Dr. Darwin, as to his religious principles or prejudices, displayed
+great errors of judgment in his <i>Zoonomia</i>, there can be no doubt. An
+eminent champion of Christianity, truly observed, that Dr. Darwin "was
+acquainted with more links in the chain of <i>second</i> causes, than had
+probably been known to any individual, who went before him; but that he
+dwelt so much, and so <i>exclusively</i> on second causes, that he too
+generally seems to have forgotten that there is a first." For<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span> these
+errors he must long since have been called to his account, before one
+who can appreciate those errors better than we can. Though the <i>Accusing
+Spirit</i> must have blushed when he gave them in, yet, let us hope, that
+the <i>Recording Angel</i>, out of mercy to his humane heart, and his many
+good and valuable qualities, may have blotted them out for ever.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Rev. William Gilpin</span>, who, as Mr. Dallaway, in his Observations on the
+Arts, observes, "possesses unquestionably the happy faculty to paint
+with words;" and who farther highly compliments him in his supplementary
+chapter on Modern Gardening, annexed to his enriched edition of Mr.
+Walpole's Anecdotes. The Topographer says he "describes with the
+language of a master, the artless scenes of uncultivated nature." Mr.
+Walpole in his postscript to his Catalogue of Engravers, after
+premising, that it might, perhaps, be worth while "to melt down this
+volume and new cast it," pays this tribute to him: "Were I of authority
+sufficient to name my successor, or could prevail on him to condescend
+to accept an office which he could execute with more taste and ability;
+from whose hands could the public receive so much information and
+pleasure as from the author of the <i>Essay on Prints</i>, and from the
+<i>Tours</i>, &amp;c.? And when was the public ever instructed by the pen and
+pencil at once, with equal excellence in the style of both, but by Mr.
+Gilpin?"</p>
+
+<p>Had Mr. Gilpin written nothing more than his "Lectures on the
+Catechism," that alone would have conferred on him the name of a
+meritorious writer. His allusion to Plato, his reflections on the Last
+Judgment, his animated address to youth, and his conclusion of his
+sixteenth lecture, must strike deep into the heart of every reader. His
+"Sermons preached<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span> to a Country Congregation," prove him a pious,
+charitable, and valuable man.<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a></p>
+
+<p>The glowing imagery of his style, when viewing the beautiful scenery in
+many parts of England, and some of the vast and magnificent ones of
+Scotland, is fraught with many fervid charms. Still we are forced to
+join Mr. Mathias, in the remonstrance he so justly makes as to the
+jargonic conceit of some of his language. Mr. Gilpin's first work on
+picturesque beauty, was his Observations on the River Wye, made in the
+year 1770. He afterwards published:</p>
+
+<p>Forest Scenery&mdash;Picturesque Beauties of the Highlands&mdash;Mountains of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland&mdash;Western parts of England&mdash;Cambridge,
+Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex&mdash;Hampshire, Sussex and Kent. Three Essays, on
+Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel, and on Sketching Landscape,
+to which is added, a poem on Landscape Painting. A full account of his
+numerous works may be seen in Watts's Bibl. Brit. A complete list of
+them is also given by Mr. Nichols, in vol. i. of his Illustrations, with
+a brief memoir. Mr. Johnson also gives a list of such of his works as
+relate to picturesque scenery, with their titles at large. His portrait
+was painted by Walton, and engraved in metz by Clint.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">James Anderson</span> published the following works; and I have given the price
+of such of them as appeared in the late Mr. Harding's Agricultural
+Catalogue:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. The Bee, or Literary Intelligencer, 18 vols. 8vo. <i>Edinb.</i> 1791.</p>
+
+<p>2. Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, Arts and
+Miscellaneous Literature, 6 vols. 8vo. <i>Lond.</i> 3<i>l.</i> 10s.</p>
+
+<p>3. Essays relating to Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 3 vols. 8vo.
+1<i>l.</i> 7s.</p>
+
+<p>4. Practical Treatise on draining Bogs, 8vo. 6s.</p>
+
+<p>5. Practical Treatise on Peat Moss, 8vo. 5s.</p>
+
+<p>6. On Lime as a Cement and Manure, 8vo. 2s. 6d.</p>
+
+<p>7. An Account of the different kinds of Sheep found in the Russian
+Dominions, and amongst the Tartar Hordes, 8vo. 6s.</p>
+
+<p>8. Investigation of the Causes of Scarcity of 1800. 8vo. 2s. 6d.</p>
+
+<p>9. Miscellaneous Thoughts on Planting Timber Trees, chiefly for the
+climate of Scotland, by Agricola, 8vo. <i>Edinb.</i> 1777.</p>
+
+<p>10. Description of a Patent Hot-house, 1804. 12mo. 5s.</p></div>
+
+<p>In "Public Characters of 1800 and 1801," a portrait is given of him, a
+list of his works, and it thus speaks of him: "The manners of this
+ingenious and very useful man were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span> plain and frank, an indication of an
+honest and good heart. He was benevolent and generous, a tender parent,
+and a warm friend, and very highly respected in the circle of his
+acquaintance." There is a portrait of him, painted by Anderson, and
+engraved by Ridley. A copy is given in the Mirror, (published by Vernon
+and Hood), of Nov. 1799. Another is given in the Gentleman's Magazine.
+He died at West Ham, Essex, in 1808, aged 69. Mr. Lysons, in the
+Supplement to his Environs of London, gives a few particulars of him.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Horace Walpole.</span> He was the youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole, who so
+long guided the destinies of England, and whose attractive and
+benevolent private life, seems to have fully merited the praise of
+Pope's elegant muse:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Seen him I have; but in his happier hour</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Of social pleasure,&mdash;ill exchang'd for power&mdash;</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Seen him uncumber'd with the venal tribe,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Smile without art, and win without a bribe.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The best portraits of this intelligent and acute writer, Horace Walpole,
+are the portrait in Mr. Dallaway's richly decorated edition of the
+Anecdotes of Painting, from Sir Joshua Reynolds, and that in Mr.
+Cadell's Contemporary Portraits, from Lawrence. Dance also drew him.
+Another portrait is prefixed to the ninth volume of his works, in 4to.
+1825, from a picture in the possession of the Marquis of Hertford. There
+is another portrait, engraved by Pariset, from Falconot. Mr. Walpole
+died in March, 1797, at his favourite seat at Strawberry-hill, at the
+age of eighty. His manners were highly polished, from his having, during
+the course of a long life, frequented the first societies. His
+conversation abounded with interesting anecdote and playful wit.
+Felicity of narration, and liveliness of expression, mark his graceful<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span>
+pen. The Prince de Ligne (a perfect judge) thus speaks of his <i>History
+of the Modern Taste in Gardening</i>:&mdash;"Je n'en admire pas moins
+l'eloquence, et la profondeur, de son ouvrage sur les jardins." Mr.
+Walpole himself says:&mdash;"We have given the true model of gardening to the
+world: let other countries mimic or corrupt our taste; but let it reign
+here on its verdant throne, original by its elegant simplicity, and
+proud of no other art than that of softening nature's harshnesses, and
+copying her graceful touch."</p>
+
+<p>Sir U. Price, in vol. i. p. 18 of his Essays, pays high respect to Mr.
+Walpole, and differs from him "with great deference and reluctance." He
+observes:&mdash;"I can hardly think it necessary to make any excuse for
+calling Lord Orford, Mr. Walpole; it is the name by which he is best
+known in the literary world, and to which his writings have given a
+celebrity much beyond what any hereditary honour can bestow." Mr.
+Johnson observes:&mdash;"To his sketch of the improvements introduced by
+Bridgman and Kent, and those garden artists, their immediate successors,
+we may afford the best praise; he appears to be a faithful, and is, an
+eloquent annalist." It is impossible to pass by this tribute, without
+reminding my reader, that Mr. Johnson's own review of our ornamental
+gardening, is energetic and luminous; as is indeed the whole of his
+comprehensive general review of gardening, from the earliest period,
+down to the close of the last century.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">The Hon. Daines Barrington.</span> He devoted himself to literary pursuits; was
+a profound antiquary, and a truly worthy man. He died in 1800, aged 73,
+at his chambers in the Temple, and was buried in the Temple church. The
+attractive improvements in the gardens there, may be said to have
+originated with him. He possibly looked on them as classic ground; for
+in these gardens, the proud Somerset<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> vowed to dye their white rose to a
+bloody red, and Warwick prophesied that their brawl</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 9em;">&mdash;&mdash;in the Temple garden,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shall send, between the red rose and the white,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A thousand souls to death and deadly night.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>He published,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. Observations on the more Ancient Statutes, 4to. To the 5th
+edition of which, in 1796, is prefixed his portrait.</p>
+
+<p>2. The Naturalist's Calendar, 8vo.</p>
+
+<p>3. A translation of Orosius, ascribed to Alfred, with notes, 8vo.</p>
+
+<p>4. Tracts on the probability of reaching the North Pole, 4to.</p>
+
+<p>5. In vol. vii. of the Arch&aelig;ologia, is his paper On the Progress of
+Gardening. It was printed as a separate tract by Mr. Nichols, price
+1s. 6d.</p>
+
+<p>6. Miscellanies on various subjects, 4to.</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. Nichols, in his Life of Bowyer, calls him "a man of amiable
+character, polite, communicative and liberal;" and in the fifth volume
+of his Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century,
+he gives a neatly engraved portrait of Mr. Barrington, and some
+memorials or letters of his. Mr. Boswell ("the cheerful, the pleasant,
+the inimitable biographer of his illustrious friend"), thus relates Dr.
+Johnson's wish to become acquainted with Mr. Barrington:&mdash;"Soon after he
+had published his excellent Observations on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> Statutes, Johnson
+waited on that worthy and learned gentleman, and having told him his
+name, courteously said, 'I have read your book, Sir, with great
+pleasure, and wish to be better known to you.' Thus began an
+acquaintance which was continued with mutual regard as long as Johnson
+lived." John Harris, Esq. the learned author of Philological Enquiries,
+thus speaks of Mr. Barrington's Observations on the Statutes:&mdash;"a
+valuable work, concerning which it is difficult to decide, whether it is
+more entertaining or more instructive."</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Joseph Cradock</span>, Esq. whose "Village Memoirs" display his fine taste in
+landscape gardening. This feeling and generous-minded man, whose gentle
+manners, polite learning, and excellent talents, entitled him to an
+acquaintance with the first characters of the age, died in 1826, at the
+great age of eighty-five. This classical scholar and polished gentleman,
+who had (as a correspondent observes in the Gentleman's Magazine for
+January, 1827) "the habit of enlivening and embellishing every thing
+which he said with a certain lightning of eye and honied tone of voice,"
+shone in the first literary circles, and ranked as his intimate and
+valued friends (among many other enlightened persons), David Garrick,
+and Warburton, Hurd, Johnson, Goldsmith, Percy, and Parr. Dr. Johnson
+called him "a very pleasing gentleman." Indeed, he appears from every
+account to have been in all respects an amiable and accomplished person.
+He had the honour of being selected to dance a minuet with the most
+graceful of all dancers, Mrs. Garrick, at the Stratford Jubilee. It was
+to Mr. Cradock, that Dr. Farmer addressed his unanswerable Essay on the
+Learning of Shakspeare. In acts of humanity and kindness, he was
+surpassed by few. Pope's line of <i>the gay conscience of a life well
+spent</i>, might well have been applied to Mr. Cradock. When in
+Leices<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span>tershire, "he was respected by people of all parties for his
+worth, and idolized by the poor for his benevolence." This honest and
+honourable man, depicted his own mind in the concluding part of his
+inscription, for the banks of the lake he formed in his romantic and
+picturesque grounds, in that county:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Here on the bank Pomona's blossoms glow,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And finny myriads sparkle from below;</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Here let the mind at peaceful anchor rest,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And heaven's own sunshine cheer the guiltless breast.</i><a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>In 1773 he partly took his "Zobeide" from an unfinished tragedy by
+Voltaire. On sending a copy to Ferney, the enlightened veteran thus
+concluded his answer: "You have done too much honour to an old sick man
+of eighty. I am, with the most sincere esteem and gratitude,</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+"Sir, your obedient servant,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">"<span class="smcap">Voltaire</span>."<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>I cannot refrain from adding a short extract from the above quoted
+magazine, as it brings to one's memory another much esteemed and worthy
+man:&mdash;"Here, perhaps, it may be allowable to allude to the sincere
+attachment between Mr. Cradock, and his old friend Mr. Nichols. For
+very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> many years Mr. Nichols had been accustomed to pay Mr. Cradock an
+annual visit at Gumley Hall; but on Mr. Cradock settling in London, the
+intercourse became incessant, and we doubt not that the daily
+correspondence which took place between them, contributed to cheer the
+latter days of these two veterans in literature. They had both of them
+in early life enjoyed the flattering distinction of an intimacy with the
+same eminent characters; and to hear the different anecdotes elicited in
+their animated conversations respecting Johnson and others, was indeed
+an intellectual treat of no ordinary description. Mr. Cradock and Mr.
+Nichols possessed a similarity in taste and judgment. They were both
+endowed with peculiar quickness of comprehension, and with powers and
+accuracy of memory rarely equalled." One may say of the liberal minded
+Mr. Nichols, what Mr. Murphy said of Dr. Johnson, that his love of
+literature was a passion that stuck to his last stand. The works of Mr.
+Cradock have, since his decease, been published by Mr. J. B. Nichols, in
+4 vols. 8vo. They contain his Essay on Gardening and Village Memoirs.
+They are enriched by a miniature portrait of him, by Hone, in 1764, when
+Mr. Cradock was in his prime of life, in his twenty-second year, and
+when his piercing eyes and intelligent countenance, were thought to have
+resembled those of Mr. Garrick. There is also a profile shade of Mr.
+Cradock, taken of him only a month before his decease. In the above
+quoted magazine, is a copy of this profile, with a memoir.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Joseph Banks.</span> There is a fine portrait of him by Russel, engraved by
+Collyer. In Mr. Cadell's Contemporary Portraits is another fine one,
+from the pencil of Lawrence. His portrait is preserved by the
+Horticultural Society of London, and in the British Museum is his bust,
+chiselled and presented by the Hon. Mrs. Damer. A good copy of the
+engraving by Collyer is in the European Magazine for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> Feb. 1795, and
+from the memoir there given I select the following:</p>
+
+<p>"If to support the dignity of the first literary society in the world,
+and by firmness and candour to conciliate the regard of its members; if
+rejecting the allurements of dissipation, to explore sciences unknown,
+and to cultivate the most manly qualities of the human heart; if to
+dispense a princely fortune in the enlargement of science, the
+encouragement of genius, and the alleviation of distress, be
+circumstances which entitle any one to a more than ordinary share of
+respect, few will dispute the claim of the person whose portrait
+ornaments the present magazine.... In short, he is entitled to every
+praise that science, liberality, and intelligence can bestow on their
+most distinguished favourites."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Pulteney, in his handsome dedication of his Sketches on the progress
+of Botany, to Sir Joseph, thus alludes to his voyage with Cook:&mdash;"To
+whom could a work of this nature with so much propriety be addressed, as
+to him who had not only relinquished, for a series of years, all the
+allurements that a polished nation could display to opulence; but had
+exposed himself to numberless perils, and the repeated risk of life
+itself, that he might attain higher degrees of that knowledge, which
+these sketches are intended to communicate."</p>
+
+<p>The Academy of Sciences at Dijon, in their "Notice sur Sir Jos. Banks,"
+thus apostrophizes his memory:&mdash;"Ombre de Banks! apparois en ce lieu
+consacr&eacute; au culte des sciences et des lettres; viens occuper la place
+que t'y conservent les muses, accepter les couronnes qu'elles-m&ecirc;mes
+t'ont tress&eacute;es! viens recevoir le tribut de nos sentimens, t&eacute;moignage
+sinc&egrave;re de notre douleur et de not regrets; et par le souvenir de tes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span>
+vertus, viens enflammer nos c&oelig;urs de cet amour pour le bien, qui fut
+le mobile de toutes tes actions!"<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, justly calls him "This
+universal patron of the arts and sciences. Natural history was the
+favourite of his scientific studies, and every part of it was enriched
+by his researches." He again hails him as "a munificent friend of
+science and literature." The name of Banks will always be associated
+with that of Solander, the favourite pupil of Linn&aelig;us, and with that of
+the immortal Cook. De Lille closes his <i>Jardins</i> with a most generous
+and animated invocation to the memory of this intrepid navigator.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Falconer.</span> The portrait of this eminent physician of Bath, is
+engraved by Fitler, from a painting by Daniel, of Bath, in 1791. It is
+prefixed to his "Influence of the Passions upon Disorders." He died in
+August, 1824, at the age of eighty-one. He published,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. Essay on the Preservation of the Health of Persons employed in
+Agriculture, 1s. Bath, 1789.</p>
+
+<p>2. Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Natural History; selected from
+the principal writers of antiquity. 1793. 4to.</p>
+
+<p>3. Remarks on the Influence of Climate, Situation, Na<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span>ture of
+Country, &amp;c. The Encyclop. of Gardening calls this "a most
+interesting work." A writer in the New Monthly Mag. says "it
+displays an almost unlimited extent of learning and research."</p>
+
+<p>4. An Historical View of the Taste for Gardening and Laying out
+Grounds among the Nations of Antiquity. 8vo. 1s. 6d. 1783. <i>Dilly.</i></p></div>
+
+<p>A list of his other works (nearly twenty in number), may be seen in the
+Dictionary of Living Authors, or in vol. xii. of the New Monthly Mag.;
+which last work says that the late Lord Thurlow, at whose table he was
+almost a constant guest, declared that "he never saw such a man; that he
+knew every thing, and knew it better than any one else." Neither this
+last publication, nor Dr. Watts in his Bibl. Brit. mention Dr.
+Falconer's Historical View of the Taste for Gardening.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Curtis.</span> This honest, much-esteemed, and inoffensive man, though
+so deservedly eminent as a botanist, published only the following work
+on horticulture:&mdash;"Directions for Cultivating the Crambe Maritima, or
+Sea-kale for the Use of the Table." A new edition, enlarged, with three
+engravings. 2s. 6d. Mr. Loudon says, that this pamphlet has done more to
+recommend the culture of <i>sea-kale</i> and diffuse the knowledge of it,
+than all his predecessors. Nearly three pages of the Encyclop&aelig;dia are
+enriched with the result of all that has appeared on the cultivation of
+this vegetable by English, Scotch, or French writers.</p>
+
+<p>The botanical works of Mr. Curtis have long been held in high esteem.
+The first number of his Flora Londinensis appeared in 1777. He commenced
+his Botanical Magazine in 1787. His Observations on British Grasses,
+appeared in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span> a second edition, with coloured plates, in 1790. His
+Lectures were published after his death, to which is prefixed his
+portrait. His portrait is also given in Dr. Thornton's Botany. He died
+in 1799, was buried in Battersea church-yard, and on his grave-stone
+these lines are inscribed:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>While living herbs shall spring profusely wild,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>Or gardens cherish all that's sweet and gay,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>So long thy works shall please, dear nature's child,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><i>So long thy memory suffer no decay.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Martyn</span>, Professor of Botany at Cambridge, whose striking
+portrait, from a picture by Russel, appears in Dr. Thornton's superb
+work on botany. He died in June, 1825, in the ninetieth year of his age.
+His edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, appeared in 4 vols.
+folio. Mr. Johnson observes, that this work "requires no comment. It is
+a standard, practical work, never to be surpassed." Mr. Martyn also
+published <i>Flora Rustica</i>, a description of plants, useful or injurious
+in husbandry, <i>with coloured plates</i>, 4 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir W. Chambers.</span> There are portraits of him by Sir J. Reynolds, engraved
+by Collyer and by Green; one by Cotes, engraved by Houston, in 1772; and
+a profile by Pariset, after a drawing by Falconot. He died in 1796, aged
+sixty-nine. He published,</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. Designs for Chinese Buildings.</p>
+
+<p>2. Plans and Views of the Buildings and Gardens at Kew.</p>
+
+<p>3. A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, second edition, with
+additions. To which is annexed an Explanatory Dis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span>course, 4to.
+1773. This work gave rise to those smart satires, <i>An Heroic
+Epistle</i>, and <i>An Heroic Postscript</i>.</p></div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Humphrey Repton</span>, Esq. His portrait is prefixed to his Observations on
+the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, folio. 1803. He also
+published on this subject:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. Letter to U. Price, Esq. on Landscape Gardening, 8vo. 1794.</p>
+
+<p>2. Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening, folio, 1795.</p>
+
+<p>3. Enquiry into the Changes in Landscape Gardening, 8vo. 1806.</p>
+
+<p>4. On the Introduction of Indian Architecture and Gardening, folio,
+1808.</p>
+
+<p>5. On the supposed Effect of Ivy upon Trees. A charming little
+essay inserted in the <i>Linn. Trans.</i> vol. xi.</p>
+
+<p>6. Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening,
+4to. 1816. In p. 80 of the Encyclop. of Gardening, is some general
+information respecting Mr. Repton.</p></div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">William Forsyth</span>, Esq. His portrait is prefixed to the seventh edition of
+his Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees, 8vo. 1824;
+also to the 4to. edition of the same work in 1802. He also published
+Observations on the diseases, defects, and injuries in all kinds of
+Fruit and Forest Trees, with an account of a particular method of cure,
+8vo. 1791. Mr. Forsyth died in 1804.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Mr. James Dickson</span>, who established the well-known seed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> and herb shop in
+Covent-garden, and died at the age of eighty-six, a few years ago,
+appears to have been very much esteemed. His family at Croydon possess
+his portrait, and there is another preserved by the Horticultural
+Society. He married for his second wife a sister of the intrepid
+traveller Mungo Park. Mr. Dickson, when searching for plants in the
+Hebrides, in 1789, was accompanied by him. Handsome mention is made of
+Mr. Dickson in the Life of Mungo Park, prefixed to the "Journal of a
+Mission to the Interior of Africa." In the above life, the friendly and
+generous assistance which Sir Joseph Banks shewed both to Mr. Dickson,
+and to Mungo Park, is very pleasingly recorded. A memoir of Mr. Dickson
+is given in the 5th vol. of the Hort. Transactions. He published,
+Fasciculus Plantarum Cryptog. Brit. 4 parts 4to. 1785-1801.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Richard Payne Knight</span>, Esq. author of The Landscape, a didactic poem,
+4to. 1794. A second edition, <i>with a preface</i>, appeared in 4to. in 1795.
+This poem is the only production of Mr. Knight, on the subject of
+landscape scenery, except his occasional allusions thereto, in his
+Analytical Enquiry into the Principles of Taste, the second edition of
+which appeared in 8vo. in 1805. This latter work embraces a variety of
+subjects, and contains many energetic pages, particularly those on
+Homer, and on the English drama. His philosophical survey of human life
+"in its last stages," (at p. 461), and where he alludes to "the hooks
+and links which hold the affections of age," is worthy of all praise; it
+is deep, solemn, and affecting. The other publications of this gentleman
+are enumerated in Dr. Watts's Bibl. Brit. Mr. Knight, in his Landscape,
+after invoking the genius of Virgil, in reference to his</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;"><i>&mdash;&mdash;O qui me gelidis in vallibus H&oelig;mi</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Sistat, et ingenti ramorum protegat unbr&acirc;,</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>thus proceeds, after severely censuring Mr. <i>Browne</i>, who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;bade the stream 'twixt banks close shaved to glide;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Banish'd the thickets of high-bowering wood,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Which hung, reflected o'er the glassy flood:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Where screen'd and shelter'd from the heats of day,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oft on the moss-grown stone reposed I lay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And tranquil view'd the limpid stream below,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brown with o'er hanging shade, in circling eddies flow.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Dear peaceful scenes, that now prevail no more,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Your loss shall every weeping muse deplore!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Your poet, too, in one dear favour'd spot,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shall shew your beauties are not quite forgot:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Protect from all the sacrilegious waste</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Of false improvement, and pretended taste,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>One tranquil vale!</i><a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> where oft, from care retir'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He courts the muse, and thinks himself inspired;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lulls busy thought, and rising hope to rest,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And checks each wish that dares his peace molest.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>After scorning "wisdom's solemn empty toys," he proceeds:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Let me, retir'd from business, toil, and strife,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Close amidst books and solitude my life;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beneath yon high-brow'd rocks in thickets rove,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or, meditating, wander through the grove;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or, from the cavern, view the noontide beam</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dance on the rippling of the lucid stream,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">While the wild woodbine dangles o'er my head,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And various flowers around their fragrance spread.</span><br />
+</p>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Then homeward as I sauntering move along,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The nightingale begins his evening song;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chanting a requiem to departed light,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That smooths the raven down of sable night.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>After an animated tribute to <i>Homer</i>, he reviews the rising and the
+slumbering, or drooping of the arts, midst storms of war, and gloomy
+bigotry.</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hail, arts divine!&mdash;still may your solace sweet</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cheer the recesses of my calm retreat;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And banish every mean pursuit, that dares</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cloud life's serene with low ambitious cares.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Vain is the pomp of wealth: its splendid halls,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And vaulted roofs, sustain'd by marble walls.&mdash;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In beds of state pale sorrow often sighs,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nor gets relief from gilded canopies:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But arts can still new recreation find,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To soothe the troubles of th' afflicted mind;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Recall the ideal work of ancient days,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And man in his own estimation raise;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Visions of glory to his eyes impart,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And cheer with conscious pride his drooping heart.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>After a review of our several timber trees, and a tribute to our native
+streams, and woods; and after describing in happy lines <i>Kamtschatka's</i>
+dreary coast, he concludes his poem with reflections on the ill-fated
+<i>Queen of France</i>, whose</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Waning beauty, in the dungeon's gloom,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Feels, yet alive, the horrors of the tomb!</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Knight's portrait, painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, is preserved at
+Downton Castle, near Ludlow; and is engraved among Cadell's Contemporary
+Portraits. It is also engraved by Bromley, from the same painter.
+Another portrait was in the library of the late Mr. Johnes, at Havod.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Dr. Andrew Duncan.</span> He died at Edinburgh in June 1828, at the great age
+of eighty-four. His portrait was drawn by Raiburn, and engraved by
+Mitchell. He was a contemporary of several eminent persons, whose
+society and friendship formed one of the chief pleasures of his life.
+There was scarcely an institution proposed for the benefit of his native
+city, Edinburgh, to which his name will not be found a contributor. He
+was, in fact, the patron and benefactor of all public charities. In 1809
+he projected, and by his exertions, succeeded in establishing, the
+Horticultural Society of Edinburgh. His animated and scientific
+discourses, delivered at the meetings of the Caledonian Horticultural
+Society, will always be perused with eager pleasure by every
+horticulturist. In that delivered in December, 1814, and inserted in the
+fifth number of their Memoirs, this zealous well-wisher of his native
+city, thus exults:&mdash;"I am now, gentlemen, past the seventieth year of my
+age, and I have been a steady admirer both of Flora and Pomona from the
+very earliest period of my youth. During a pretty long life, it has been
+my lot to have had opportunities of visiting gardens in three different
+quarters of the globe, in Europe, in Asia, and in Africa; and from what
+I have seen, I am decidedly of opinion, that at the present day, there
+is not a large city in the world, which enjoys a supply of vegetable
+food in more abundance, in greater variety, or in higher excellence,
+than the city of Edinburgh. From the potatoe to the pine-apple,&mdash;from
+the most useful to the most delicious productions of the vegetable
+kingdom, we are not at present outdone, as far as my observation goes,
+by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> any large city on the face of the earth." His medical talents may
+well be believed not to have been small, when it is told, that he was
+the rival in practice, and by no means an unsuccessful one, of the
+illustrious Cullen, of the Monros, and of Gregory. In private life, Dr.
+Duncan was eminently distinguished for his sociality, and the desire to
+benefit all mankind. He was a member of several social clubs. His
+favourite amusement was <i>gardening</i>. He possessed a garden in the
+neighbourhood of Edinburgh, which he cultivated entirely with his own
+hands, and on the door of which was placed, in conspicuous letters,
+'<i>hinc salus</i>.' He was particularly kind to the students attending his
+lectures, and gave a tea-drinking every Sunday evening to about a dozen
+of them, by rotation, who assembled at six o'clock and went away at
+eight. When old, he used sometimes to forget the lapse of time, and in
+his lectures, frequently spoke about the <i>late</i> Mr. Haller, who lived a
+century before. To the last year of his life he never omitted going up,
+on the morning of the 1st of May, to wash his face in the dew of the
+summit of a mountain near Edinburgh, called Arthur's Seat. He had the
+merit of being the father of the present Dr. Duncan, the celebrated
+author of the Edinburgh Dispensatory, and professor of materia medica.
+Dr. Duncan's funeral was properly made a public one, at which the
+professors, magistrates, and medical bodies of Edinburgh attended, to
+testify their sorrow and respect.</p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Sir Uvedale Price.</span> His portrait was taken by Sir Thomas Lawrence, and is
+now at Foxley.<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a> The Hereford Jour<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span>nal of Wednesday, September 16,
+1829, thus relates his decease:&mdash;"On Monday last died, at Foxley, in
+this county, Sir Uvedale Price, Bart. in the eighty-third year of his
+age. The obituary of 1829 will not record a name more gifted or more
+dear! In a county where he was one of the oldest, as well as one of the
+most constant of its inhabitants, it were superfluous to enumerate his
+many claims to distinction and regret. His learning, his sagacity, his
+exquisite taste, his indefatigable ardour, would have raised to eminence
+a man much less conspicuous by his station in life, by his
+correspondence with the principal literati of Europe, and by the
+attraction and polish of his conversation and manners. Possessing his
+admirable faculties to so venerable an age, we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span> must deplore that a
+gentleman who conferred such honour on our county is removed from that
+learned retirement in which he delighted, and from that enchanting scene
+which, in every sense, he so greatly adorned. He is succeeded in his
+title by his only son, now Sir Robert Price, one of our
+representatives."</p>
+
+<p>Sir Uvedale published the following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>1. An Essay on the Picturesque, as compared with the Sublime and
+Beautiful, and on the use of studying pictures for the purpose of
+improving real landscape, 8vo. 1794. This volume was afterwards
+published in 1796, in 8vo. with <i>considerable additions</i>, and in
+1798 was published at <i>Hereford</i> a second volume, being an Essay on
+Artificial Water, an Essay on Decorations near the House, and an
+Essay on Architecture and Buildings as connected with Scenery.</p>
+
+<p>2. A Letter to H. Repton, Esq. on the application of the practice
+and principles of Landscape Painting to Landscape Gardening.
+Intended as a supplement to the Essays. To which is prefixed Mr.
+Repton's Letter to Mr. Price. Lond. 1795, 8vo. Second edition,
+<i>Hereford</i>, 1798, 8vo. This is a sportive display of pleasant wit,
+polished learning, and deep admiration of the great landscape
+painters. Keen as some of his pages are, and lamenting that there
+should have been any controversy ("or tilting at each other's
+breasts,") on the subject of Launcelot Browne's works, "I trust,
+(says he,) however, that my friends will vouch for me, that
+whatever sharpness there may be in my style, there is no rancour in
+my heart." Mr. Repton in his Enquiry into the Changes of Landscape
+Gardening, acknowledges "the elegant and gentleman-like manner in
+which Mr. Price has examined my opinions." Indeed, many pages in
+this present letter shew this.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>3. A Dialogue on the distinct Characters of the Picturesque and the
+Beautiful, in answer to the objections of Mr. Knight, 1801,
+8vo.<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a></p></div>
+
+<p>A general review of Sir Uvedale's ideas on this subject, is candidly
+given by Mr. Loudon at p. 78 of his Encyclop. after a mature study of
+<i>all</i> the modern writers who have endeavoured to form "a taste for the
+harmony and connection of natural scenery." Mr. Loudon farther calls him
+"the great reformer of landscape gardening."</p>
+
+<p>We have to regret, that though so many springs must have cheered the
+long life of Sir Uvedale Price, (and which he calls the <i>dolce prima
+vera, giovent&#363; dell'anno</i>, and whose blossoms, flowers, and
+"profusion of fresh, gay, and beautiful colours and sweets," he so
+warmly dwelt on in many of his pages,) and though the number of these
+springs must have nearly equalled those which gilded the days of Lord
+Kames, of the honourable Horace Walpole, of Mr. Gilpin, and of Joseph
+Cradock, Esq. yet we have to regret that his classic pen has presented
+to the public no other efforts of his genius and cultivated taste, than
+the few respectable ones above stated. Had he chose to have indulged his
+own powers in describing what has been done towards "embel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span>lishing the
+face of this noble kingdom," (to quote his own words,) we might have
+perused descriptive pages equal to his own critical and refined review
+of Blenheim, or of Powis Castle, and of a character as high and pure, as
+those of Thomas Whateley. In proof of this, we need only refer to many
+pages in his Essays,&mdash;not only when he so well paints the charms of
+sequestered nature, whether in its deep recesses, <i>o'er canopied with
+luscious eglantine</i>,&mdash;in the "modest and retired character of a
+brook,"&mdash;the rural simplicity of a cottage, with its lilacs and fruit
+trees, its rustic porch, covered with vine or ivy, but when he dwells on
+the ruins and on "the religious calm" of our abbeys,<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> or on our old
+mansion-houses, with their terraces, their summer-houses covered with
+ivy, and mixed with wild vegetation. And we need farther only to refer
+to those feeling pages in his second volume, where he laments that his
+own youth and inexperience should (in order to follow the silly folly of
+<i>being in the fashion</i>,) have doomed to sudden and total destruction an
+old paternal garden, with all its embellishments, and whose destruction
+revives in these pages all the emotions of his youth; and he concludes
+these pages of regret, by candidly confessing, that he gained little but
+"much difficulty, expence and dirt," and that he thus detains his
+readers in relating what so personally concerns himself, "because there
+is nothing so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span> useful to others, however humiliating to ourselves, as
+the frank confession of our errors and of their causes. No man can
+equally with the person who committed them, impress upon others the
+extent of the mischief done, and the regret that follows it." It is
+painful to quit pages so interesting as those that immediately follow
+this quotation.<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There are few objects that the enlightened mind of Sir Uvedale has not
+remarked. Take the following as an instance:</p>
+
+<p>"Nothing is so captivating, or seems so much to accord with our ideas of
+beauty, as the smiles of a beautiful countenance; yet they have
+sometimes a striking mixture of the other character. Of this kind are
+those smiles which break out suddenly from a serious, sometimes from
+almost a severe countenance, and which, when that gleam is over, leave
+no trace of it behind&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Brief as the lightning in the collied night,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>That in a spleen unfolds both heaven and earth,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>And e'er a man has time to say, behold!</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>The jaws of darkness do devour it up.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>There is another smile, which seems in the same degree to accord with
+the ideas of beauty only: it is that smile which proceeds from a mind
+full of sweetness and sensibility, and which, when it is over, still
+leaves on the countenance its mild and amiable impression; as after the
+sun is set, the mild glow of his rays is still diffused over every
+object. This smile, with the glow that accompanies it, is beautifully
+painted by Milton, as most becoming an inhabitant of heaven:</p>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To whom the angel, with a smile that glow'd</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thus answered."</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The great object in the above Essays, is to improve the laying out of
+grounds by studying the productions "of those great artists <i>who have
+most diligently studied the beauties of nature</i>. On this subject he has
+in these volumes poured forth the effusions of his richly gifted mind,
+in his contemplation of the works of those really great painters, whose<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span>
+landscape scenery, from the most rural to the grandest, "have been
+consecrated by long uninterrupted admiration." Instead of the narrow,
+mechanical practice of a few English gardeners, or layers-out of
+grounds, he wishes "the noble and varied works of the eminent painters
+of every age, and of every country, and those of <i>their</i> supreme
+mistress <span class="smcap">Nature</span>, should be the great models of imitation."<a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a> He has
+supported many of his opinions or observations, or embellished or
+enlivened them, by acute allusions, not only to Milton but to
+Shakspeare, whom he calls "that most original creator, and most accurate
+observer."<a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a></p>
+
+<p>He has depicted his own mind in p. 378 of the first volume of his
+Essays; for after lamenting that despotic system of improvement which
+demands all to be laid open,&mdash;all that obstructs to be levelled to the
+ground,&mdash;houses, orchards, gardens, all swept away,&mdash;nothing tending to
+humanize the mind&mdash;and that a despot thinks every person an intruder who
+enters his domain, wishing to destroy cottages and pathways, and to
+reign alone, he thus proceeds:&mdash;"Here I cannot resist paying a tribute
+to the memory of a beloved uncle, and recording a benevolence towards
+all the inhabitants around him, that struck me from my earliest
+remembrance; and it is an impression I wish always to cherish. It seemed
+as if he had made his extensive walks as much for them as for himself;
+they used them as freely, and their enjoyment was his. The village bore
+as strong marks of his and of his brother's attentions (for in that
+respect they appeared to have but one mind), to the comforts and
+pleasures of its inhabitants. Such attentive kindnesses, are amply
+repaid by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span> affectionate regard and reverence; and were they general
+throughout the kingdom, they would do much more towards guarding us
+against democratical opinions</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<i>Than twenty thousand soldiers, arm'd in proof.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>The cheerfulness of the scene I have mentioned, and all the interesting
+circumstances attending it, (so different from those of solitary
+grandeur,) have convinced me, that he who destroys dwellings, gardens
+and inclosures, for the sake of mere extent, and parade of property,
+only extends the bounds of monotony, and of dreary, selfish pride; but
+contrasts those of vanity, amusement and humanity."</p>
+
+<p>One may trace, too, his feeling mind towards the conclusion of his
+second volume, where, after many pleasing pages on the rural scenery of
+cottages, and in hamlets and villages, ("where a lover of humanity may
+find so many sources of amusement and interest,") and on the means of
+embellishing them, "I could wish (says he) to turn the minds of
+improvers from too much attachment to solitary parade, towards objects
+more connected with general habitation and embellishment; ... and it may
+be truly said, that there is no way in which wealth can produce such
+natural unaffected variety, and such interest, as by adorning a real
+village, and promoting the comforts and enjoyments of its inhabitants.
+<i>Goldsmith</i> has most feelingly described (more, I trust, from the warmth
+of a poetical imagination and quick sensibility than from real fact),
+the ravages of wealthy pride. My aim is to shew, that they are no less
+hostile to real taste, than to humanity; and should I succeed, it is
+possible that those, whom all the affecting images and pathetic touches
+of Goldsmith would not have restrained from destroying a village, may
+even be induced to build one, in order to shew their taste in the
+decoration and disposition of village-houses and cottages." After many
+traces of village scenery, he thus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> proceeds: "The church, together with
+the church-yard, is, on various accounts, an interesting object to the
+villagers of every age and disposition; to the old and serious, as a
+spot consecrated to the purposes of religion, where the living christian
+performs his devotions, and where, after his death, his body is
+deposited near those of his ancestors and departed friends, and
+relations: to the young and thoughtless, as a place where, on the day of
+rest from labour, they meet each other in their holiday clothes; and
+also (what forms a singular contrast with tombs and grave-stones), as
+the place which at their wakes, is the chief scene of their gaiety and
+rural sports." After speaking of the yew, which from the solemnity of
+its foliage, is most suited to church-yards, being as much consecrated
+to the dead as the cypress among the ancients, he says that "there seems
+to be no reason, why in the more southern parts of England, cypresses
+should not be mixed with yews, or why cedars of Libanus, which are
+perfectly hardy, and of a much quicker growth than yews, should not be
+introduced. In high romantic situations, particularly, where the
+church-yard is elevated above the general level, a cedar, spreading his
+branches downwards from that height, would have the most picturesque,
+and at the same time, the most solemn effect."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="ADDENDA" id="ADDENDA"></a>ADDENDA.</h2>
+
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_5'><b>5</b></a>.&mdash;I am enabled from Mr. Johnson's lately published History of
+English Gardening, to add a very early tract on that subject, and I take
+the liberty of transcribing his exact words: "A Boke of Husbandry,
+London, 4to. This little work is very rare, being one of the productions
+from the press of Wynkin de Worde. It consists of but twelve leaves, and
+is without date, but certainly was not of a later year than 1500. The
+following extracts explain its nature. 'Here begyneth a treatyse of
+Husbandry which Mayster Groshede somtyme Bysshop of Lyncoln made, and
+translated it out of Frensshe into Englyshe, whiche techeth all maner of
+men to governe theyr londes, tenementes, and demesnes ordinately.'</p>
+
+<p>'Here endeth the Boke of Husbandry, <i>and of Plantynge, and Graffynge of
+Trees and Vynes</i>.'"</p>
+
+<p>About the year 1797 the late Mr. Nichols printed the Life of Robert
+<i>Grosseteste</i>, the celebrated Bishop of Lincoln. By Samuel Pegge, LL.D.
+With an Account of the Bishop's <i>Works</i>, &amp;c. Illustrated with plates of
+his Tomb, Ring, and Crosier. 4to. Price 13s. in boards.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a>.&mdash;I have in this page alluded to the hard fate of Correggio.
+That my reader may know who he was, let him inspect those pages in vol.
+i. of Sir U. Price's Essays, where he thus concludes a critique on his
+genius: "I believe that if a variety of persons, conversant in painting,
+were asked what pictures (taking every circumstance together) appeared
+to them most beautiful, and had left the softest and most pleasing
+impression,&mdash;the majority would fix upon Correggio."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a>.&mdash;W. Lawson, in the dedication to his New Orchard and Garden,
+gives the name of an author on gardening, whose book I have not met
+with. He dedicates it "to the right worshipfull <i>Sir Henry Belosses</i>,"
+and he acknowledges, "1st. the many courtesies you have vouchsaved me.
+2dly. your delightfull skill in matters of this nature. 3dly. the profit
+which I received from your <i>learned discourse of Fruit-trees</i>. 4thly.
+your animating and assisting of others to such endeavours. Last of all,
+the rare worke of your owne in this kind, all which to publish under
+your protection, I have adventured as you see." From this it would
+appear, that this "learned discourse" is transfused into the New Orchard
+and Garden. After all, perhaps, this "learned discourse" was merely in
+conversation. At all events, it has recorded the name of Sir Henry as
+warmly devoted to orcharding, or to horticulture. W. Lawson, in his
+preface, dwells upon the praises of this art, "how some, and not a few
+of the best, have accounted it a chiefe part of earthly happinesse to
+have faire and pleasant orchards&mdash;how ancient, how profitable, how
+pleasant it is." His fourteenth chapter is On the Age of Fruit-trees.
+After stating that some "shall dure 1000 years," and the age of many of
+the apple-trees in his little orchard, he says: "If my trees be 100
+yeares old, and yet want 200 of their growth before they leave
+increasing, which make 300, then we must needs resolve, that this 300
+yeere are but the third part of a tree's life, because (as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span> all things
+living besides) so trees must have allowed them for their increase one
+third, another third for their stand, and a third part of time also for
+their decay."&mdash;"So that I resolve upon good reason, that Fruit-trees
+well ordered, may live and live 1000 yeeres, and beare fruit, and the
+longer, the more, the greater, and the better, because his vigour is
+proud and stronger, when his yeeres are many. You shall see old trees
+put their buds and blossoms both sooner and more plentifully than young
+trees by much. And I sensibly perceive my young trees to inlarge their
+fruit, as they grow greater, both for number, and greatnesse."&mdash;"And if
+Fruit-trees last to this age, how many ages is it to be supposed, strong
+and huge Timber-trees will last? whose huge bodies require the yeeres of
+divers <i>Methushalaes</i>, before they end their days; whose sap is strong
+and better, whose barke is hard and thicke, and their substance solid
+and stiffe: all which are defences of health and long life. Their
+strength withstands all forcible winds." His seventeenth chapter is on
+the Ornaments of an Orchard. I here give the whole of that chapter:</p>
+
+
+<p>"Me thinks
+hitherto we haue but a bare Orchard for fruit, and but halfe good, so
+long as it wants those comely ornaments, that should giue beauty to all
+our labours, and make much for the honest delight of the owner and his
+friends.</p>
+
+<p>"For it is not to be doubted: but as God hath giuen man things
+profitable, so hath he allowed him honest comfort, delight, and
+recreation in all the workes of his hands. Nay, all his labours vnder
+the sunne without this are troubles, and vexation of mind: For what is
+greedy gaine, without delight, but moyling, and turmoyling slauery? But
+comfortable delight, with content, is the good of euery thing, and the
+patterne of heauen. A morsell of bread with comfort, is better<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span> by much
+than a fat oxe with vnquietnesse. And who can deny, but the principall
+end of an Orchard, is the honest delight of one wearied with the works
+of his lawfull calling? The very workes of and in an Orchard and Garden,
+are better than the ease and rest of and from other labours. When God
+had made man after his owne image, in a perfect state, and would haue
+him to represent himselfe in authority, tranquillity and pleasure vpon
+the earth, he placed him in Paradise. What was Paradise? but a Garden
+and Orchard of trees and hearbs, full of pleasure? and nothing there but
+delights. The gods of the earth, resembling the great God of heauen in
+authority, maiestie, and abundance of all things, wherein is their most
+delight? and whither doe they withdraw themselues from the troublesome
+affaires of their estate, being tyred with the hearing and iudging of
+litigious Controuersies? choked (as it were) with the close ayres of
+their sumptuous buildings, their stomacks cloyed with variety of
+Banquets, their eares filled and ouerburthened with tedious
+discoursings? whither? but into their Orchards, made and prepared,
+dressed and destinated for that purpose, to renue and refresh their
+sences, and to call home their ouer-wearied spirits. Nay, it is (no
+doubt) a comfort to them, to set open their cazements into a most
+delicate Garden and Orchard, whereby they may not onely see that,
+wherein they are so much delighted, but also to giue fresh, sweet, and
+pleasant ayre to their galleries and chambers.</p>
+
+<p>"And looke, what these men do by reason of their greatnes and ability,
+prouoked with delight, the same doubtlesse would euery of vs doe, if
+power were answerable to our desires, whereby we shew manifestly, that
+of all other delights on earth, they that are taken by Orchards, are
+most excellent, and most agreeing with nature.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"For whereas euery other pleasure commonly filles some one of our
+sences, and that onely, with delight, this makes all our sences swimme
+in pleasure, and that with infinite variety, ioyned with no less
+commodity.</p>
+
+<p>"That famous philosopher, and matchlesse orator, M. T. C. prescribeth
+nothing more fit, to take away the tediousnesse and heauy load of three
+or foure score yeeres, than the pleasure of an Orchard.</p>
+
+<p>"What can your eyes desire to see, your ears to hear, your mouth to
+tast, or your nose to smell, that is not to be had in an Orchard, with
+abundance and variety? What more delightsome than an infinite variety of
+sweet smelling flowers? decking with sundry colours, the greene mantle
+of the earth, vniuersall mother of vs all, so by them bespotted, so
+dyed, that all the world cannot sample them, and wherein it is more fit
+to admire the Dyer, than imitate his workemanship. Colouring not onely
+the earth, but decking the ayre, and sweetning euery breath and spirit.</p>
+
+<p>"The rose red, damaske, veluet, and double double prouince rose, the
+sweet muske rose, double and single, the double and single white rose.
+The faire and sweet senting Woodbinde, double and single, and double
+double. Purple cowslips, and double cowslips, and double double
+cowslips. Primerose double and single. The violet nothing behinde the
+best, for smelling sweetly. A thousand more will prouoke your content.</p>
+
+<p>"And all these, by the skill of your gardner, so comely, and orderly
+placed in your borders and squares, and so intermingled, that none
+looking thereon, cannot but wonder, to see, what Nature corrected by Art
+can doe.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"When you behold in diuers corners of your Orchard Mounts of stone, or
+wood curiously wrought within and without, or of earth couered with
+fruit-trees: Kentish cherry, damsons, plummes, &amp;c. with staires of
+precious workmanship. And in some corner (or moe) a true dyall or
+Clocke, and some anticke workes, and especially siluer-sounding musique,
+mixt instruments and voices, gracing all the rest: How will you be rapt
+with delight?</p>
+
+<p>"Large walkes, broad and long, close and open, like the Tempe groves in
+Thessalie, raised with grauell and sand, hauing seats and bankes of
+cammomile, all this delights the minde, and brings health to the body.</p>
+
+<p>"View now with delight the workes of your owne hands, your fruit-trees
+of all sorts, loaden with sweet blossomes, and fruit of all tasts,
+operations, and colours: your trees standing in comely order which way
+soeuer you looke.</p>
+
+<p>"Your borders on euery side hanging and drooping with feberries,
+raspberries, barberries, currens, and the rootes of your trees powdred
+with strawberries, red, white, and greene, what a pleasure is this? Your
+gardner can frame your lesser wood to the shape of men armed in the
+field, ready to giue battell: or swift running greyhounds: or of well
+sented and true running hounds, to chase the deere, or hunt the hare.
+This kind of hunting shall not waste your corne, nor much your coyne.</p>
+
+<p>"Mazes well framed a mans height, may perhaps make your friends wander
+in gathering of berries, till he cannot recouer himselfe without your
+helpe.</p>
+
+<p>"To haue occasion to exercise within your Orchard: it shall be a
+pleasure to haue a bowling alley, or rather<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> (which is more manly, and
+more healthfull) a paire of buts, to stretch your armes.</p>
+
+<p>"Rosemary and sweete eglantine are seemely ornaments about a doore or
+window, and so is woodbinde.</p>
+
+<p>"And in mine opinion, I could highly commend your Orchard, if either
+through it, or hard by it there should runne a pleasant riuer with
+siluer streames: you might sit in your mount, and angle a pickled trout,
+or sleightie eele, or some other dainty fish. Or moats, whereon you
+might row with a boate, and fish with nettes.</p>
+
+<p>"Store of bees in a dry and warme bee-house, comely made of fir-boords,
+to sing, and sit, and feede vpon your flowers and sprouts, make a
+pleasant noyse and sight. For cleanely and innocent bees, of all other
+things, loue and become, and thriue in an Orchard. If they thriue (as
+they must needes, if your gardner bee skilfull, and loue them: for they
+loue their friends, and hate none but their enemies) they will, besides
+the pleasure, yeeld great profit, to pay him his wages. Yea, the
+increase of twenty stockes or stooles, with other fees, will keepe your
+Orchard.</p>
+
+<p>"You need not doubt their stings, for they hurt not whom they know, and
+they know their keeper and acquaintance. If you like not to come amongst
+them, you need not doubt them: for but neere their store, and in their
+owne defence, they will not fight, and in that case onely (and who can
+blame them?) they are manly, and fight desperately. Some (as that
+Honorable Lady at Hacknes, whose name doth much grace mine Orchard) vse
+to make seats for them in the stone wall of their Orchard, or Garden,
+which is good, but wood is better.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"A vine ouer-shadowing a seate, is very comely, though her grapes with
+vs ripe slowly.</p>
+
+<p>"One chiefe grace that adornes an Orchard, I cannot let slip: A brood of
+nightingales, who with their seuerall notes and tunes, with a strong
+delightsome voyce, out of a weake body, will beare you company night and
+day. She loues (and liues in) hots of woods in her hart. She will helpe
+you to cleanse your trees of caterpillars, and all noysome wormes and
+flyes. The gentle robin red-breast will helpe her, and in winter in the
+coldest stormes will keepe a part. Neither will the silly wren be behind
+in summer, with her distinct whistle (like a sweete recorder) to cheere
+your spirits.</p>
+
+<p>"The black-bird and threstle (for I take it the thrush sings not, but
+deuoures) sing loudly in a May morning, delights the eare much (and you
+neede not want their company, if you haue ripe cherries or berries, and
+would as gladly as the rest do you pleasure:) But I had rather want
+their company than my fruit.</p>
+
+<p>"What shall I say? A thousand of pleasant delightes are attendant in an
+Orchard: and sooner shall I be weary, than I can recken the least part
+of that pleasure, which one that hath and loues an Orchard, may find
+therein.</p>
+
+<p>"What is there of all these few that I haue reckoned, which doth not
+please the eye, the eare, the smell, and taste? And by these sences as
+organes, pipes, and windowes, these delights are carried to refresh the
+gentle, generous, and noble mind.</p>
+
+<p>"To conclude, what ioy may you haue, that you liuing to such an age,
+shall see the blessings of God on your la<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span>bours while you liue, and
+leaue behind you to heires or successors (for God will make heires) such
+a worke, that many ages after your death, shall record your loue to
+their countrey? And the rather, when you consider (chap. 14.) to what
+length of time your worke is like to last."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>.&mdash;Having briefly glanced in this page at the delight with which
+Sir H. Davy, Mr. Worlidge, and Mr. Whateley, viewed the flowers of
+spring, I can only add this reflection of Sturm:&mdash;"If there were no
+stronger proofs on earth of the power, goodness, and wisdom of God, the
+flowers of spring alone, would be sufficient to convince us of it."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a>.&mdash;The character of this modest and candid man, (Switzer), has
+found an able advocate in the honest pen of Mr. Johnson, who, in p. 159
+of his History of Gardening, after noticing the acrimony of his
+opponents, observes, "Neglect has pursued him beyond the grave, for his
+works are seldom mentioned or quoted as authorities of the age he lived
+in. To me he appears to be the best author of his time; and if I was
+called upon to point out the classic authors of gardening, <i>Switzer</i>
+should be one of the first on whom I would lay my finger. His works
+evidence him at once to have been a sound, practical horticulturist, a
+man well versed in the botanical science of the day, in its most
+enlarged sense." Mr. Johnson enumerates the distinct contents of each
+chapter in the Iconologia&mdash;the Kitchen Gardener&mdash;and the Fruit Gardener.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_59'><b>59</b></a>.&mdash;The Tortworth Chesnut was growing previous to the Norman
+Conquest. It fixes the boundary of a manor. Even in the reign of
+Stephen, it was known as the great chesnut of Tortworth.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_62'><b>62</b></a>.&mdash;The author of this treatise, who is a zealous orchardist, is
+lavish in his praise of a then discovered apple-tree and its produce,
+"for the little cot-house to which it belongs, together with the little
+quillet in which it stands, being several years since mortgaged for ten
+pounds, the fruit of this tree alone, in a course of some years, freed
+the house and garden, and its more valuable self, from that burden." A
+neighbouring clergyman, too, was equally lavish, for he "talked of it in
+all conversations," and such was his praise of it, that every one "fell
+to admiration." Mr. Stafford is so pleased with this reverend
+gentleman's zeal, in extending the cultivation of this apple, (<i>the
+Royal Wilding</i>) that he says, "I could really wish, whenever the
+original tree decayeth, his statue carved out of the stump, by the most
+expert hand, and overlaid with gold, may be erected near the public
+road, in the place of it, at the common charge of the country." He
+celebrates also another apple, which "in a pleasant conversation was
+named by a gentleman <i>super-celestial</i>. Another gentleman, in allusion
+to <i>Pynes</i>, the name of my house, and to the common story of the West
+India pineapple, (which is said to be the finest fruit in the world, and
+to represent every exquisite flavour that is known), determined that it
+should be called the <i>pyne-apple</i>; and by either of these names it is
+talked of when pleasantry and conversation bring the remembrance of it
+to the table."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_64'><b>64</b></a>.&mdash;It is but justice to Mr. Gibson to say, that in his Fruit
+Gardener, he has entered fully into the merits of Le Genre's <i>Le maniere
+de cultiver les arbres fruitiers</i>; and that his pages are extremely
+interesting. The great merits of Quintinye are also not overlooked.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a>.&mdash;To the list of those deceased authors, whose portraits I have
+not been able to discover, I must add the following:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">John Braddick</span>, Esq. A zealous horticulturist and fruit grower. He
+contributed four papers to the Horticultural Society of London. In the
+Gardener's Mag. for Jan. 1827, is a communication by him, on some new
+French pears. The editor of this magazine acknowledges "the very liberal
+and truly patriotic manner in which our highly-valued correspondent
+shares every novelty he receives with those whose interest it is to
+increase and disseminate such novelties." In the above magazine for
+March, 1827, is another spirited communication by him, on these new
+pears, introduced from France, in which he says:&mdash;"And here I think it
+necessary to premise, that the following list is the cream skimmed off
+some thousands of new pears, which I have for many years past been
+getting together from various parts of the world, about two-thirds of
+which yet remain for trial, not having fruited, together with some
+thousands of seedling pears, apples, plums, cherries, apricots, peaches
+and grapes, of my own raising; the fruits of some of which I hope will
+continue to gladden the hearts of horticulturists for many years to
+come. As they are produced I will make them known to the public, with as
+much facility as lies in my power.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 2em;">"<i>Boughton Mount, July 29, 1826.</i>"</span></p>
+
+<p><br />One is sorry to relate, that Mr. Braddick died soon after this
+benevolent wish; for he died at the above seat of his, near Maidstone,
+in April, 1828, at the age of sixty-three.</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_120'><b>120</b></a>.&mdash;Dr. Dibdin thus speaks of Archibald Alison: "The beautiful
+and melodious style of this writer, renders his works deserving of a
+conspicuous place in every well-chosen library."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_89'><b>89</b></a>.&mdash;In this page I have stated that Dr. Dibdin says, "on many
+accounts does G. Markham seem entitled to more notice and commendation."
+I have given extracts from his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span> "English Husbandman," to shew his love
+for flowers. The same attachment is visible where he enumerates them in
+his "Country House-wive's Garden."&mdash;By the bye, though I have stated
+this last work to be his, it surely appears to have been written by W.
+Lawson. I merely now give the following extract from Markham's "English
+House-Wife:"</p>
+
+<p>"Next vnto this sanctity and holinesse of life, it is meet that our
+English hous-wife be a woman of great modesty and temperance as well
+inwardly as outwardly; inwardly, as in her behauiour and cariage towards
+her husband, wherein she shall shunne all violence of rage, passion, and
+humour, coueting lesse to direct then to be directed, appearing euer
+vnto him pleasant, amiable, and delightfull, and though occasion,
+mishaps, or the misgouernement of his will may induce her to contrary
+thoughts, yet vertuously to suppresse them, and with a mild sufferance
+rather to call him home from his error, then with the strength of anger
+to abate the least sparke of his euill, calling in her mind that euill
+and vncomely language is deformed though vttered euen to seruants, but
+most monstrous and vgly when it appeares before the presence of a
+husband: outwardly, as in her apparrell and diet, both which she shall
+proportion according to the competency of her husband's estate and
+calling, making her circle rather strait then large, for it is a rule if
+we extend to the vttermost, we take away increase, if we goe a hayre
+breadth beyond, we enter into consumption: but if we preserue any part,
+we build strong forts against the aduersaries of fortune, prouided that
+such preseruation be honest and conscionable: for a lauish prodigality
+is brutish, so miserable couetuousnesse is hellish. Let therefore the
+hus-wives garments be comly and strong, made aswel to preserue the
+health, as adorne the person, altogether without toyish garnishes, or
+the glosse of light colours, and as far from the vanity of new and
+fantastick fashions, as neere to the comly imitations of modest
+matrons."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I must give an extract from his "Country Contentements," as he reminds
+us of Shakspeare's lines on the tuneable cry of hounds; for Markham
+dwells on their sweetness of cry&mdash;"their deepe solemne mouthes&mdash;their
+roaring and loud ringing mouthes, which must beare the counter-tenor,
+then some hollow plaine sweete mouthes&mdash;a deep-mouthed dog&mdash;a couple or
+two of small singing beagles, which as small trebles, may warble amongst
+them: the cry will be a great deale the more sweeter&mdash;the hollow deepe
+mouth&mdash;the loud clanging mouthe&mdash;deepe flewed, such as for the most part
+your <i>Shropshire</i> and pure <i>Worcestershire</i> dogs are&mdash;the louder and
+pleasanter your cry will be, especially if it be in sounding tall woods,
+or under the echo of rocks&mdash;and not above one couple of roarers, which
+being heard but now and then, as at the opening or hitting of a scent,
+will give much sweetnesse to the solemns, and gravenesse of the cry, and
+the musick thereof will bee much more delightfull to the eares of every
+beholder."</p>
+
+<p>Page <a href='#Page_123'><b>123</b></a>.&mdash;The memory of Pope has perhaps never been more affectionately
+honoured (nor that of Lord Mendip, who so zealously preserved every part
+of the house and garden at Twickenham) than in the glowing and tender
+lines of De Lille, in his poem of <i>Les Jardins</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The vignette in my title-page, and that at page <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a>, are two of those
+neat decorations which so profusely embellish the Encyclop&aelig;dia of
+Gardening.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX.</h2>
+
+
+<ul class="none">
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">A.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Abercrombie, <a href='#Page_153'><b>153</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Addison, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxii'><b>xxxii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_49'><b>49</b></a>, <a href='#Page_115'><b>115</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; reflections on the tombs, <a href='#Page_117'><b>117</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Age of gardeners and horticulturists, <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Alison, Dr. <a href='#Page_xxxviii'><b>xxxviii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_71'><b>71</b></a>, <a href='#Page_120'><b>120</b></a>, <a href='#Page_211'><b>211</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Anderson, <a href='#Page_69'><b>69</b></a>, <a href='#Page_175'><b>175</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ardenne, J. P. de, his charity, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Arabian literature, <a href='#Page_2'><b>2</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Argyle, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Argenville, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Arnauld d'Andelli, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Arnolde's Chronicle, <a href='#Page_5'><b>5</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Astrology, <a href='#Page_34'><b>34</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Austen, Ralph, <a href='#Page_18'><b>18</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Austin, Fr., <a href='#Page_19'><b>19</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">B.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bacon, Lord, on flowers that perfume the air, <a href='#Page_xxx'><b>xxx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxv'><b>xxxv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_55'><b>55</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; eulogies on him, <a href='#Page_88'><b>88</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Gorhambury, <a href='#Page_88'><b>88</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Banks, Sir Jos., <a href='#Page_4'><b>4</b></a>, <a href='#Page_181'><b>181</b></a>, <a href='#Page_187'><b>187</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Barrington, Daines, <a href='#Page_156'><b>156</b></a>, <a href='#Page_177'><b>177</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bates, an aged horticulturist, <a href='#Page_82'><b>82</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bauhine, <a href='#Page_44'><b>44</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Beale, Dr. John, <a href='#Page_vi'><b>vi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_16'><b>16</b></a>, <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a>, <a href='#Page_20'><b>20</b></a>, <a href='#Page_21'><b>21</b></a>, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his attachment to his native country, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Belosses, Sir H. <a href='#Page_202'><b>202</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bees, on, by an Italian, <a href='#Page_85'><b>85</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bernazzano, his skill in painting fruit, <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bertholan, <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bertrand, Fr., his <i>Ruris Delici&aelig;</i>, xiv.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Blake, <a href='#Page_19'><b>19</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Blythe, Walter, <a href='#Page_8'><b>8</b></a>, <a href='#Page_88'><b>88</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bobart, <a href='#Page_108'><b>108</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Boileau, tributes to, <a href='#Page_xxiii'><b>xxiii</b></a>. <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bonfeil, <a href='#Page_19'><b>19</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bornefond, <a href='#Page_x'><b>x</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bos, the eminent painter, <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bossuet, <a href='#Page_xxv'><b>xxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Boswell, <a href='#Page_178'><b>178</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Boyceau, <a href='#Page_ix'><b>ix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bowles, Rev. Mr. his kind apostrophe to Lord Byron, <a href='#Page_130'><b>130</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Boyle, his character, by Boerhaave, <a href='#Page_21'><b>21</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bradley, reprints the <i>Herefordshire Orchards</i>, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the planting of wild flowers, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Braddick, <a href='#Page_211'><b>211</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bridgman, <a href='#Page_129'><b>129</b></a>, <a href='#Page_132'><b>132</b></a>, <a href='#Page_135'><b>135</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brocoli, <a href='#Page_51'><b>51</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brocq, P. le, <a href='#Page_82'><b>82</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brome, W. <a href='#Page_22'><b>22</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Browne, Sir Thomas, <a href='#Page_94'><b>94</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Browne, Launcelot, <a href='#Page_154'><b>154</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bryant, <a href='#Page_79'><b>79</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brydges, Sir E. <a href='#Page_89'><b>89</b></a>, <a href='#Page_93'><b>93</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Pope, <a href='#Page_131'><b>131</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bucknall, <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bulleyn, Dr. <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Burleigh, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Bury, Mr. Barclay's, <a href='#Page_170'><b>170</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Byron, Lord, <a href='#Page_xxxi'><b>xxxi</b></a>. <a href='#Page_40'><b>40</b></a>, <a href='#Page_121'><b>121</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Pope, <a href='#Page_129'><b>129</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">C.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Capell, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Censura Litt. <a href='#Page_6'><b>6</b></a>, <a href='#Page_12'><b>12</b></a>, <a href='#Page_15'><b>15</b></a>, <a href='#Page_16'><b>16</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chabanon, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chambers, Sir W. <a href='#Page_185'><b>185</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Champier, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Charlemagne, <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Charles II. <a href='#Page_96'><b>96</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chatham, Lord, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_74'><b>74</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chesterfield, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Pope, <a href='#Page_125'><b>125</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Chesnut tree at Tortworth, <a href='#Page_57'><b>57</b></a>, <a href='#Page_209'><b>209</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cicero on agriculture, <a href='#Page_xxxvi'><b>xxxvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on his country seat, <a href='#Page_3'><b>3</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Clive, <a href='#Page_164'><b>164</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cobbet, on the health of gardens, <a href='#Page_xxxiv'><b>xxxiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Moor Park, <a href='#Page_112'><b>112</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Collins, <a href='#Page_59'><b>59</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Collinson, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Compton, Bishop, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_39'><b>39</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cook, Captain, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_171'><b>171</b></a>, <a href='#Page_183'><b>183</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cooke, Moses, <a href='#Page_31'><b>31</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Corregio, his poverty, <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a>, <a href='#Page_202'><b>202</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cottage gardens, <a href='#Page_171'><b>171</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cotton, Charles, <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Country life, its pleasures, <a href='#Page_48'><b>48</b></a>, <a href='#Page_49'><b>49</b></a>, <a href='#Page_63'><b>63</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Coventry, Rev. F. <a href='#Page_63'><b>63</b></a>, <a href='#Page_135'><b>135</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cowell, <a href='#Page_62'><b>62</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cowley, <a href='#Page_46'><b>46</b></a>, <a href='#Page_93'><b>93</b></a>, <a href='#Page_100'><b>100</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cousin, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cowslips, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a>, <a href='#Page_205'><b>205</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Cradock, Jos. <a href='#Page_179'><b>179</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Curtis, W. <a href='#Page_184'><b>184</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">D.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dallaway, <a href='#Page_94'><b>94</b></a>, <a href='#Page_135'><b>135</b></a>, <a href='#Page_173'><b>173</b></a>, <a href='#Page_176'><b>176</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Danby, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Daniel, H. <a href='#Page_5'><b>5</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Darwin, <a href='#Page_162'><b>162</b></a>, <a href='#Page_164'><b>164</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Davy, Sir H. <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_106'><b>106</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Death, <a href='#Page_47'><b>47</b></a>, <a href='#Page_58'><b>58</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Deepden, Mr. Hope's, <a href='#Page_170'><b>170</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">De Lille, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xvii'><b>xvii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_50'><b>50</b></a>, <a href='#Page_183'><b>183</b></a>, <a href='#Page_213'><b>213</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Descartes, his delight in his garden, <a href='#Page_xxxv'><b>xxxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Devonshire, Duke of, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dicks, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dickson, <a href='#Page_186'><b>186</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dibdin, Dr. <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a>, <a href='#Page_89'><b>89</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Dodsley, Robert, his attachment to Pope, <a href='#Page_125'><b>125</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his generous tribute to Shenstone, <a href='#Page_148'><b>148</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Downton Vale, <a href='#Page_188'><b>188</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Drake, Dr. <a href='#Page_114'><b>114</b></a>, <a href='#Page_115'><b>115</b></a>, <a href='#Page_128'><b>128</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Drope, <a href='#Page_31'><b>31</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Du Fresnoy, <a href='#Page_xii'><b>xii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Duncan, <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Duncan, Dr. A. <a href='#Page_190'><b>190</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">E.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Elizabeth, the lion hearted, <a href='#Page_103'><b>103</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ellis, of <i>Gaddesden</i>, on blossoms and fruit, <a href='#Page_64'><b>64</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Epicurus, <a href='#Page_xxxii'><b>xxxii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Essex, his execution, <a href='#Page_103'><b>103</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his character, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Etienne, an early French writer, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Evelyn, John, <a href='#Page_xxxii'><b>xxxii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_41'><b>41</b></a>, <a href='#Page_59'><b>59</b></a>, <a href='#Page_97'><b>97</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; Charles, <a href='#Page_59'><b>59</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; John, <a href='#Page_59'><b>59</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">F.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Falconer, <a href='#Page_183'><b>183</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fairchild, <a href='#Page_60'><b>60</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fleetwood, <a href='#Page_114'><b>114</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fontaine, <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Flowers, <a href='#Page_25'><b>25</b></a>, <a href='#Page_27'><b>27</b></a>, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a>, <a href='#Page_90'><b>90</b></a>, <a href='#Page_95'><b>95</b></a>, <a href='#Page_205'><b>205</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Forsyth, <a href='#Page_186'><b>186</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Foxley, <a href='#Page_191'><b>191</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">France, its horticultural writers, see preface</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Francis I., <a href='#Page_xix'><b>xix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Franklin, rancorously attacked by Wedderburn, and panegyrised by Lord Chatham, <a href='#Page_73'><b>73</b></a>, <a href='#Page_74'><b>74</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fresnoy, <a href='#Page_xii'><b>xii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fruit blossoms, <a href='#Page_41'><b>41</b></a>, <a href='#Page_53'><b>53</b></a>, <a href='#Page_64'><b>64</b></a>, <a href='#Page_121'><b>121</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fulmer, <a href='#Page_79'><b>79</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">G.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gainsborough, Earl of, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gardeners, the age of many, <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gardens, their pleasures, see preface, and <a href='#Page_24'><b>24</b></a>, <a href='#Page_27'><b>27</b></a>, <a href='#Page_28'><b>28</b></a>, <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_39'><b>39</b></a>, <a href='#Page_47'><b>47</b></a>, <a href='#Page_63'><b>63</b></a>, <a href='#Page_64'><b>64</b></a>, <a href='#Page_89'><b>89</b></a>, <a href='#Page_110'><b>110</b></a>, <a href='#Page_121'><b>121</b></a>, <a href='#Page_153'><b>153</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; those of antiquity, <a href='#Page_1'><b>1</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; those of the Saxons, Danes and Normans, <a href='#Page_xxxv'><b>xxxv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxvi'><b>xxxvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; near Spitalfields, <a href='#Page_36'><b>36</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; of France, see preface</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; of cottagers, <a href='#Page_171'><b>171</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gardiner, J. <a href='#Page_109'><b>109</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Garrick, <a href='#Page_137'><b>137</b></a>, <a href='#Page_158'><b>158</b></a>, <a href='#Page_172'><b>172</b></a>, <a href='#Page_178'><b>178</b></a>, <a href='#Page_181'><b>181</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Garrle, Capt. <a href='#Page_35'><b>35</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Garton, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gerarde, <a href='#Page_xxx'><b>xxx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_15'><b>15</b></a>, <a href='#Page_87'><b>87</b></a>, <a href='#Page_123'><b>123</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gerard's Bromley, its once noble mansion, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a>, <a href='#Page_107'><b>107</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gerard, Lady, an acquaintance of Pope's, <a href='#Page_25'><b>25</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gibson, J. <a href='#Page_33'><b>33</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gibson, Dr. <a href='#Page_67'><b>67</b></a>, <a href='#Page_210'><b>210</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the richness of a fruit garden, <a href='#Page_64'><b>64</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gilbert, <a href='#Page_107'><b>107</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gilpin, Rev. W., <a href='#Page_vii'><b>vii</b></a>. <a href='#Page_159'><b>159</b></a>, <a href='#Page_173'><b>173</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Girardin entombed Rousseau in his garden, <a href='#Page_xv'><b>xv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his eloquent effusion to prevent misery, <a href='#Page_78'><b>78</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the calm of evening, <a href='#Page_xv'><b>xv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Goldsmith, <a href='#Page_199'><b>199</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gooche, Barn., <a href='#Page_12'><b>12</b></a>, <a href='#Page_48'><b>48</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gouges de Cessieres, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Graves, Dr., his tribute to Shenstone, <a href='#Page_149'><b>149</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Gray, <a href='#Page_80'><b>80</b></a>, <a href='#Page_129'><b>129</b></a>, <a href='#Page_158'><b>158</b></a>, <a href='#Page_159'><b>159</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Greeks, <a href='#Page_107'><b>107</b></a>, <a href='#Page_194'><b>194</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Grindall, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Grossetete, Bishop, <a href='#Page_201'><b>201</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">H.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Halifax, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hanbury, Rev. W., <a href='#Page_143'><b>143</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hartlib, the friend of Milton, <a href='#Page_19'><b>19</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on orchards, <a href='#Page_21'><b>21</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Harward, <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hawkins, Sir J. <a href='#Page_8'><b>8</b></a>, <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a>, <a href='#Page_103'><b>103</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Haworth, Mr. on Miller, <a href='#Page_141'><b>141</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Heath, Mr. of Monmouth, <a href='#Page_171'><b>171</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Heeley, <a href='#Page_79'><b>79</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Henry IV. patronised Olivier de Serres and Mollet, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hereford, its orchards and villages, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hill, Sir John, <a href='#Page_141'><b>141</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hitt, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a>, <a href='#Page_138'><b>138</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hogarth, <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hollar, his portraits of the Tradescants, <a href='#Page_92'><b>92</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Homer, <a href='#Page_xxx'><b>xxx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_1'><b>1</b></a>, <a href='#Page_2'><b>2</b></a>, <a href='#Page_47'><b>47</b></a>, <a href='#Page_187'><b>187</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Housewife, an amiable and pleasant one, <a href='#Page_212'><b>212</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hudson, Lord, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Hyll, <a href='#Page_85'><b>85</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">I</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Iliffe, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">J.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">James, <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jones, of Nayland, <a href='#Page_61'><b>61</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Johnson, the editor of Gerarde, <a href='#Page_18'><b>18</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his testimony to Parkinson, <a href='#Page_18'><b>18</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Jonson, Ben, his eulogy on Lord Bacon, <a href='#Page_86'><b>86</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Johnson, Dr. <a href='#Page_48'><b>48</b></a>, <a href='#Page_70'><b>70</b></a>, <a href='#Page_114'><b>114</b></a>, <a href='#Page_116'><b>116</b></a>, <a href='#Page_154'><b>154</b></a>, <a href='#Page_178'><b>178</b></a>, <a href='#Page_179'><b>179</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on portraits, <a href='#Page_vii'><b>vii</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Charles II., <a href='#Page_96'><b>96</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Sir T. Browne, <a href='#Page_95'><b>95</b></a>, <a href='#Page_96'><b>96</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Shenstone, <a href='#Page_147'><b>147</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Johnson's Eng. Gardening, <a href='#Page_xxxv'><b>xxxv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxvi'><b>xxxvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxvii'><b>xxxvii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_83'><b>83</b></a>, <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a>, <a href='#Page_85'><b>85</b></a>, <a href='#Page_88'><b>88</b></a>, <a href='#Page_91'><b>91</b></a>, <a href='#Page_100'><b>100</b></a>, <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a>, <a href='#Page_109'><b>109</b></a>, <a href='#Page_115'><b>115</b></a>, <a href='#Page_154'><b>154</b></a>,</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><a href='#Page_177'><b>177</b></a>, <a href='#Page_183'><b>183</b></a>, <a href='#Page_201'><b>201</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Sir W. Temple, <a href='#Page_113'><b>113</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Switzer, <a href='#Page_209'><b>209</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Justice, <a href='#Page_63'><b>63</b></a>, <a href='#Page_13'><b>13</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">K.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Kames, <a href='#Page_69'><b>69</b></a>, <a href='#Page_151'><b>151</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Kennedy, <a href='#Page_78'><b>78</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Kent, <a href='#Page_132'><b>132</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Knowlton, <a href='#Page_52'><b>52</b></a>, <a href='#Page_61'><b>61</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Knight, R. P. <a href='#Page_xxvi'><b>xxvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_187'><b>187</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the celebration of high mass, <a href='#Page_195'><b>195</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on listening to professors, <a href='#Page_196'><b>196</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Kyle, <a href='#Page_79'><b>79</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">L.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lamoignon, <a href='#Page_xxii'><b>xxii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Langford, <a href='#Page_33'><b>33</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Langley, <a href='#Page_142'><b>142</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Latapie, <a href='#Page_xvi'><b>xvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lawrence, Ant. <a href='#Page_33'><b>33</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lawrence, Rev. J. <a href='#Page_120'><b>120</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lawson, <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a>, <a href='#Page_202'><b>202</b></a>, <a href='#Page_212'><b>212</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Leibault, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Le Maitre, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lestiboudois, his tranquil end, <a href='#Page_83'><b>83</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Lesay de Marnesia, <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Liger, Louis, <a href='#Page_x'><b>x</b></a>., <a href='#Page_42'><b>42</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ligne, Prince de, on gardens, <a href='#Page_xxxiv'><b>xxxiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_55'><b>55</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on De Lille, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Antoinette, <a href='#Page_xxxiv'><b>xxxiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; interview with Voltaire, <a href='#Page_xxxiv'><b>xxxiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Milton, <a href='#Page_132'><b>132</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Walpole, <a href='#Page_177'><b>177</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Linant, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Linn&aelig;us, <a href='#Page_139'><b>139</b></a>, <a href='#Page_167'><b>167</b></a>, <a href='#Page_171'><b>171</b></a>, <a href='#Page_192'><b>192</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Locke, <a href='#Page_113'><b>113</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">London and Wise, <a href='#Page_35'><b>35</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Louis, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xx'><b>xx</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Loudon's Encycl. of Gardening, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xii'><b>xii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xix'><b>xix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xx'><b>xx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxvi'><b>xxxvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_4'><b>4</b></a>, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a>, <a href='#Page_80'><b>80</b></a>, <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a>, <a href='#Page_95'><b>95</b></a>, <a href='#Page_99'><b>99</b></a>, <a href='#Page_109'><b>109</b></a>, <a href='#Page_116'><b>116</b></a>, <a href='#Page_121'><b>121</b></a>, <a href='#Page_128'><b>128</b></a>, <a href='#Page_136'><b>136</b></a>, <a href='#Page_150'><b>150</b></a>, <a href='#Page_152'><b>152</b></a>, <a href='#Page_153'><b>153</b></a>, <a href='#Page_155'><b>155</b></a>, <a href='#Page_157'><b>157</b></a>, <a href='#Page_170'><b>170</b></a>, <a href='#Page_184'><b>184</b></a>, <a href='#Page_194'><b>194</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Whateley, <a href='#Page_72'><b>72</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Bacon, <a href='#Page_87'><b>87</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Miller, <a href='#Page_138'><b>138</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on L. Browne, <a href='#Page_156'><b>156</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">M.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Maddock, <a href='#Page_83'><b>83</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Maison rustique, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_89'><b>89</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Malherbes, <a href='#Page_xvi'><b>xvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Malthus, D. <a href='#Page_xv'><b>xv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_78'><b>78</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mapes, Walter, the honest chaplain to Henry II. and an admired poet, <a href='#Page_170'><b>170</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Markham, Ger. <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_88'><b>88</b></a>, <a href='#Page_211'><b>211</b></a>, <a href='#Page_213'><b>213</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Marshall, <a href='#Page_79'><b>79</b></a>, <a href='#Page_117'><b>117</b></a>, <a href='#Page_150'><b>150</b></a>, <a href='#Page_157'><b>157</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Marie Antoinette, <a href='#Page_xxxiv'><b>xxxiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_189'><b>189</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mary, Queen of Scots, <a href='#Page_vii'><b>vii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Martyn, Professor, <a href='#Page_185'><b>185</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his character of Miller, <a href='#Page_138'><b>138</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mascall, <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mason, Geo. <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_70'><b>70</b></a>, <a href='#Page_156'><b>156</b></a>, <a href='#Page_198'><b>198</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Kent, <a href='#Page_134'><b>134</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Shenstone, <a href='#Page_150'><b>150</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mason, Rev. W. <a href='#Page_xv'><b>xv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxii'><b>xxxii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_111'><b>111</b></a>, <a href='#Page_157'><b>157</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Pope, <a href='#Page_128'><b>128</b></a>, <a href='#Page_130'><b>130</b></a>, <a href='#Page_131'><b>131</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Shenstone, <a href='#Page_150'><b>150</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Masson de Blamont, <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mathias on Boileau, <a href='#Page_xxiv'><b>xxiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Pope, <a href='#Page_127'><b>127</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Mason, <a href='#Page_164'><b>164</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mavor, Rev. Mr. <a href='#Page_34'><b>34</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his admirable edition of Tusser, <a href='#Page_6'><b>6</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Meader, <a href='#Page_17'><b>17</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Meager, Leonard, <a href='#Page_34'><b>34</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mignon, his skill in painting flowers, <a href='#Page_55'><b>55</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Miller, Phillip, <a href='#Page_138'><b>138</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Milton, <a href='#Page_20'><b>20</b></a>, <a href='#Page_21'><b>21</b></a>, <a href='#Page_49'><b>49</b></a>, <a href='#Page_94'><b>94</b></a>, <a href='#Page_130'><b>130</b></a>, <a href='#Page_132'><b>132</b></a>, <a href='#Page_197'><b>197</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his great poem now magnificently printing in letters of gold, <a href='#Page_133'><b>133</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mollet, Andre, <a href='#Page_ix'><b>ix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mollet, Claude, <a href='#Page_ix'><b>ix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Morell, <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Morin, the florist, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mountmorris, on Sir W. Temple, <a href='#Page_111'><b>111</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Morris, Rev. I. G., his powerful appeal on horticultural pursuits, <a href='#Page_122'><b>122</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Morris, onornamental scenery, <a href='#Page_77'><b>77</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Mountain, Didymus, <a href='#Page_12'><b>12</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">N.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nicol, Walter, <a href='#Page_82'><b>82</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nichols, John, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a>, <a href='#Page_60'><b>60</b></a>, <a href='#Page_110'><b>110</b></a>, <a href='#Page_121'><b>121</b></a>, <a href='#Page_143'><b>143</b></a>, <a href='#Page_174'><b>174</b></a>, <a href='#Page_178'><b>178</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;his friendship for Mr. Cradock, <a href='#Page_180'><b>180</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">N&ocirc;tre, le, tributes to him, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xii'><b>xii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xx'><b>xx</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Nourse, <a href='#Page_58'><b>58</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ockenden, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Only, Rev. Mr., a lover of gardens, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Opium, <a href='#Page_168'><b>168</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Orchards, <a href='#Page_21'><b>21</b></a>, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a>, <a href='#Page_64'><b>64</b></a>, <a href='#Page_202'><b>202</b></a>, <a href='#Page_203'><b>203</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Orrery, Lord, <a href='#Page_xxvi'><b>xxvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_126'><b>126</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">P.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Parkinson, <a href='#Page_89'><b>89</b></a>, <a href='#Page_90'><b>90</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;testimony to his works, <a href='#Page_18'><b>18</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pastoral Scenes, <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Paulmier de Grenlemesnil, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Percy, Bishop of Dromore, <a href='#Page_72'><b>72</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pennant, <a href='#Page_154'><b>154</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Petrarch, <a href='#Page_xxxi'><b>xxxi</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;his handsome person, <a href='#Page_vi'><b>vi</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;on his garden, <a href='#Page_xxxv'><b>xxxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Plants betray fondness for their native earth, <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Planting, on zeal for, <a href='#Page_66'><b>66</b></a>, <a href='#Page_69'><b>69</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Platt, Sir Hugh, <a href='#Page_13'><b>13</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Plattes, Gabriel, <a href='#Page_16'><b>16</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Plimley, <a href='#Page_165'><b>165</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pontchateau, his singular history, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pope, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxiii'><b>xxxiii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_1'><b>1</b></a>, <a href='#Page_2'><b>2</b></a>, <a href='#Page_76'><b>76</b></a>, <a href='#Page_114'><b>114</b></a>, <a href='#Page_123'><b>123</b></a>, <a href='#Page_179'><b>179</b></a>, <a href='#Page_213'><b>213</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pope mentions Lady Gerard, <a href='#Page_25'><b>25</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;his noble thought on planting, <a href='#Page_68'><b>68</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Powel, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Preston, its horticult. society, <a href='#Page_123'><b>123</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Price, Sir U. <a href='#Page_vii'><b>vii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxvi'><b>xxvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a>, <a href='#Page_72'><b>72</b></a>, <a href='#Page_77'><b>77</b></a>, <a href='#Page_134'><b>134</b></a>, <a href='#Page_155'><b>155</b></a>, <a href='#Page_156'><b>156</b></a>, <a href='#Page_177'><b>177</b></a>, <a href='#Page_191'><b>191</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;on De Lille, <a href='#Page_xv'><b>xv</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;his high opinion of Mason, <a href='#Page_163'><b>163</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;on the sculpture, poetry, and eloquence of the Greeks, <a href='#Page_194'><b>194</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;on Correggio, <a href='#Page_202'><b>202</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Priestley, Dr. on Franklin and Wedderburn, <a href='#Page_73'><b>73</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Primroses, <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_50'><b>50</b></a>, <a href='#Page_54'><b>54</b></a>, <a href='#Page_55'><b>55</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Pulteney, Dr. <a href='#Page_5'><b>5</b></a>, <a href='#Page_52'><b>52</b></a>, <a href='#Page_55'><b>55</b></a>, <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a>, <a href='#Page_60'><b>60</b></a>, <a href='#Page_85'><b>85</b></a>, <a href='#Page_87'><b>87</b></a>, <a href='#Page_90'><b>90</b></a>, <a href='#Page_92'><b>92</b></a>, <a href='#Page_138'><b>138</b></a>, <a href='#Page_143'><b>143</b></a>, <a href='#Page_182'><b>182</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Q.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Quarterly Review, <a href='#Page_41'><b>41</b></a>, <a href='#Page_59'><b>59</b></a>, <a href='#Page_97'><b>97</b></a>, <a href='#Page_103'><b>103</b></a>, <a href='#Page_183'><b>183</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;on Evelyn's <i>Sylva</i>, <a href='#Page_99'><b>99</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Quintinye, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xx'><b>xx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_34'><b>34</b></a>, <a href='#Page_68'><b>68</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;anecdote of, <a href='#Page_67'><b>67</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;attempt to recover his MSS. <a href='#Page_68'><b>68</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">R.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Raleigh, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxi'><b>xxxi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_36'><b>36</b></a>, <a href='#Page_87'><b>87</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rabutin de Bussy, <a href='#Page_xxii'><b>xxii</b></a>. <a href='#Page_xxv'><b>xxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rapin, tribute to, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;on Lamoignon, <a href='#Page_xxii'><b>xxii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxv'><b>xxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ray, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_71'><b>71</b></a>, <a href='#Page_88'><b>88</b></a>, <a href='#Page_94'><b>94</b></a>, <a href='#Page_109'><b>109</b></a>, <a href='#Page_139'><b>139</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Raynal, <a href='#Page_128'><b>128</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rea, John, his dedication to Lord Gerard, and verses on Lady Gerard, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Read, <a href='#Page_33'><b>33</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rench, an aged gardener, <a href='#Page_82'><b>82</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Repton, <a href='#Page_186'><b>186</b></a>, <a href='#Page_188'><b>188</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Reynolds, Sir J. <a href='#Page_127'><b>127</b></a>, <a href='#Page_158'><b>158</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Richardson, <a href='#Page_84'><b>84</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rickets, <a href='#Page_61'><b>61</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Riviere, la Countess de, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxv'><b>xxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Robin, Jean, <a href='#Page_xix'><b>xix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Robinson, Dr. on Mary Queen of Scots, <a href='#Page_104'><b>104</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Roscommon, <a href='#Page_48'><b>48</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rose, <a href='#Page_101'><b>101</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rosier, <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rousseau, his burial at Ermenonville, <a href='#Page_xv'><b>xv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Russell, Lord W. his love of gardens, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Rutter, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">S.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Salmonia, extracts, from, <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_107'><b>107</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Scarborough, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Schabol, <a href='#Page_xvi'><b>xvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Scott, Sir W. <a href='#Page_v'><b>v</b></a>., <a href='#Page_40'><b>40</b></a>, <a href='#Page_41'><b>41</b></a>, <a href='#Page_172'><b>172</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the deaths of <i>Marat</i>, and <i>Robespierre</i>, <a href='#Page_xvi'><b>xvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the garden of <i>Vanessa</i>, <a href='#Page_xxx'><b>xxx</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Scotland, its zeal for planting, <a href='#Page_69'><b>69</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Serres, Olivier de, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sevign&eacute;, Mad. de, <a href='#Page_xii'><b>xii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xiv'><b>xiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xx'><b>xx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxv'><b>xxv</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Seward, Miss, <a href='#Page_vi'><b>vi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_162'><b>162</b></a>, <a href='#Page_172'><b>172</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sismondi, <a href='#Page_xix'><b>xix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_3'><b>3</b></a>, <a href='#Page_107'><b>107</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on bees, <a href='#Page_86'><b>86</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shakspeare, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxi'><b>xxxi</b></a>, <a href='#Page_4'><b>4</b></a>, <a href='#Page_73'><b>73</b></a>, <a href='#Page_74'><b>74</b></a>, <a href='#Page_78'><b>78</b></a>, <a href='#Page_158'><b>158</b></a>, <a href='#Page_178'><b>178</b></a>, <a href='#Page_179'><b>179</b></a>, <a href='#Page_197'><b>197</b></a>, <a href='#Page_198'><b>198</b></a>, <a href='#Page_199'><b>199</b></a>, <a href='#Page_213'><b>213</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sharrock, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shenstone, <a href='#Page_147'><b>147</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Shepherd, Sir Samuel, <a href='#Page_41'><b>41</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sherard, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Spectacle de la Nature, <a href='#Page_95'><b>95</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Speechley, <a href='#Page_81'><b>81</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Smollet on Chatham, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Spring, its beauties, <a href='#Page_21'><b>21</b></a>, <a href='#Page_29'><b>29</b></a>, <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_31'><b>31</b></a>, <a href='#Page_209'><b>209</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">St. Bartholomew's massacre, <a href='#Page_viii'><b>viii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stafford, <a href='#Page_62'><b>62</b></a>, <a href='#Page_210'><b>210</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sterne, <a href='#Page_xxvi'><b>xxvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_170'><b>170</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stillingfleet, Benj. <a href='#Page_8'><b>8</b></a>, <a href='#Page_191'><b>191</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stevenson, D. <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stevenson, H. <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stevenson, M. <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sully, <a href='#Page_ix'><b>ix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_66'><b>66</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sun, the, its celestial beams, <a href='#Page_48'><b>48</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Swinden, <a href='#Page_78'><b>78</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Switzer, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxiii'><b>xxxiii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_45'><b>45</b></a>, <a href='#Page_94'><b>94</b></a>, <a href='#Page_100'><b>100</b></a>, <a href='#Page_109'><b>109</b></a>, <a href='#Page_110'><b>110</b></a>, <a href='#Page_138'><b>138</b></a>, <a href='#Page_209'><b>209</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his grateful remembrance of his old master, <a href='#Page_36'><b>36</b></a>, <a href='#Page_39'><b>39</b></a>, <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his enlarged views of gardening, <a href='#Page_49'><b>49</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Rose, <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Milton, <a href='#Page_133'><b>133</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">T.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Taverner, <a href='#Page_53'><b>53</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Taylor, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Temperance, <a href='#Page_169'><b>169</b></a>, <a href='#Page_170'><b>170</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Temple, Sir W. <a href='#Page_xxxii'><b>xxxii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_110'><b>110</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on the garden of Epicurus, <a href='#Page_xxxii'><b>xxxii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thury, M. le Vic. de, his tribute to Milton, <a href='#Page_132'><b>132</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on gardens, <a href='#Page_xxxv'><b>xxxv</b></a>. <a href='#Page_xxxvi'><b>xxxvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tradescants, <a href='#Page_92'><b>92</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Trowel, <a href='#Page_63'><b>63</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Trees, ancient ones, <a href='#Page_33'><b>33</b></a>, <a href='#Page_46'><b>46</b></a>, <a href='#Page_49'><b>49</b></a>, <a href='#Page_50'><b>50</b></a>, <a href='#Page_57'><b>57</b></a>, <a href='#Page_142'><b>142</b></a>, <a href='#Page_151'><b>151</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Tusser, <a href='#Page_6'><b>6</b></a>, <a href='#Page_13'><b>13</b></a>, <a href='#Page_34'><b>34</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">V.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Vaniere, tribute to, <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Van-Huysum, his skill in painting fruit, <a href='#Page_56'><b>56</b></a>, <a href='#Page_156'><b>156</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Villages, rural, <a href='#Page_23'><b>23</b></a>, <a href='#Page_199'><b>199</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Vineyard at Bethnal-green, <a href='#Page_14'><b>14</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Violets, <a href='#Page_xxxi'><b>xxxi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_50'><b>50</b></a>, <a href='#Page_55'><b>55</b></a>, <a href='#Page_205'><b>205</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Vispr&eacute;, <a href='#Page_157'><b>157</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Voltaire, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xiii'><b>xiii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xx'><b>xx</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xxxiv'><b>xxxiv</b></a>., <a href='#Page_80'><b>80</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his garden interview with the Prince de Ligne, <a href='#Page_xxxvi'><b>xxxvi</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">W.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wakefield horticultural soc., <a href='#Page_122'><b>122</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Walpole, Horace, <a href='#Page_xxix'><b>xxix</b></a>., <a href='#Page_1'><b>1</b></a>, <a href='#Page_80'><b>80</b></a>, <a href='#Page_91'><b>91</b></a>, <a href='#Page_163'><b>163</b></a>, <a href='#Page_176'><b>176</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Sir W. Temple, <a href='#Page_112'><b>112</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Kent, <a href='#Page_132'><b>132</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Bridgman, <a href='#Page_136'><b>136</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Walpole, Horace, on Browne, <a href='#Page_154'><b>154</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on Gilpin, <a href='#Page_173'><b>173</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Walton, Isaac, <a href='#Page_xi'><b>xi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_30'><b>30</b></a>, <a href='#Page_93'><b>93</b></a>, <a href='#Page_94'><b>94</b></a>, <a href='#Page_102'><b>102</b></a>, <a href='#Page_104'><b>104</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Warton, Thomas, <a href='#Page_6'><b>6</b></a>, <a href='#Page_8'><b>8</b></a>, <a href='#Page_10'><b>10</b></a>, <a href='#Page_72'><b>72</b></a>, <a href='#Page_143'><b>143</b></a>, <a href='#Page_161'><b>161</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Watelet, <a href='#Page_xvii'><b>xvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, his zeal for planting, <a href='#Page_70'><b>70</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Watson, Sir W. <a href='#Page_93'><b>93</b></a>, <a href='#Page_142'><b>142</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weymouth, Lord, <a href='#Page_xxviii'><b>xxviii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Weston, <a href='#Page_13'><b>13</b></a>, <a href='#Page_16'><b>16</b></a>, <a href='#Page_18'><b>18</b></a>, <a href='#Page_19'><b>19</b></a>, <a href='#Page_20'><b>20</b></a>, <a href='#Page_57'><b>57</b></a>, <a href='#Page_92'><b>92</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his zeal for planting, <a href='#Page_66'><b>66</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whately, <a href='#Page_xvi'><b>xvi</b></a>., <a href='#Page_xviii'><b>xviii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_50'><b>50</b></a>, <a href='#Page_72'><b>72</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; brief testimonies to his genius, <a href='#Page_vii'><b>vii</b></a>., <a href='#Page_72'><b>72</b></a>, <a href='#Page_74'><b>74</b></a>, <a href='#Page_75'><b>75</b></a>, <a href='#Page_195'><b>195</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on spring, <a href='#Page_31'><b>31</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; his tribute to Shenstone, <a href='#Page_150'><b>150</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wildman, <a href='#Page_65'><b>65</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whitmill, <a href='#Page_62'><b>62</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">William III. his delight in gardening, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Worlidge, his attachment to gardens, <a href='#Page_28'><b>28</b></a></span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; on those of France, <a href='#Page_xxvii'><b>xxvii</b></a>.</span></li>
+<li><span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">&mdash;&mdash; mentions a garden at Hoxton, <a href='#Page_61'><b>61</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wotton, Sir H. <a href='#Page_93'><b>93</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Wynn, Sir W. W. his zeal for planting, <a href='#Page_69'><b>69</b></a></span></li>
+
+
+<li><br /><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">X, Y.</span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Xenophon, <a href='#Page_198'><b>198</b></a></span></li>
+
+<li><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Young, Dr. on Pope's death, <a href='#Page_131'><b>131</b></a></span></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><a name="FOOTNOTES" id="FOOTNOTES"></a>FOOTNOTES:</h2>
+
+<hr style='width: 45%;' />
+
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Few persons have shewn more attachment to family portraits
+than Miss Seward. This is strongly exemplified in several bequests in
+her will; not only in her bequest to Emma Sneyd, and in that to Mrs.
+Powys, but also in the following:&mdash;"The miniature picture of my late
+dear friend, Mr. Saville, drawn in 1770, by the late celebrated artist
+Smart, and which at the time it was taken, and during many successive
+years, was an exact resemblance of the original, I bequeath to his
+daughter, Mrs. Smith, who I know will value and preserve it as a jewel
+above all prize; and in case of her previous demise, I bequeath the said
+precious miniature to her daughter, Mrs. Honora Jager, exhorting the
+said Honora Jager, and her heirs, into whose hands soever it may fall,
+to guard it with sacred care from the sun and from damp, as I have
+guarded it, that so the posterity of my valued friend may know what, in
+his prime, was the form of him whose mind through life, by the
+acknowledgment of all who knew him, and could discern the superior
+powers of talent and virtue, was the seat of liberal endowment, warm
+piety, and energetic benevolence."
+</p><p>
+Being thus on the subject of portraits, let me remark, that it is not
+always that we meet with a faithful likeness. A review of Mad. de
+Genlis's <i>Petrarch et Laure</i>, justly observes, that "it is doubtful if
+any of the portraits of <i>Petrarch</i>, which still remain, were painted
+during his life-time. However that may be, it is impossible to trace in
+them, either the elevation of his mind, the fire of his imagination, or
+the pensive melancholy of his soul." In the Essays on Petrarch, by Ugo
+Foscolo, he informs us, that "<i>Petrarch's</i> person, if we trust his
+biographers, was so striking with beauties, as to attract universal
+admiration. They represent him with large and manly features, eyes full
+of fire, a blooming complexion, and a countenance that bespoke all the
+genius and fancy that shone forth in his works." Do we yet know one
+really good likeness of <i>Mary Queen of Scots</i>?</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> It has often struck me (perhaps erroneously), that the
+attachment which the great Sully evinced for gardens, even to the last
+period of his long-protracted life, (eighty-two), <i>might</i> in some degree
+have been cherished or increased from the writings of the great Lord
+Bacon. When this illustrious duke retired to his country seats, wounded
+to the heart by the baseness of those who had flattered him when Henry
+was alive, his noble and honest mind indulged in the embellishment of
+his gardens. I will very briefly quote what history relates:&mdash;"The life
+he led in his retreat at <i>Villebon</i>, was accompanied with grandeur and
+even majesty, such as might be expected from a character so grave and
+full of dignity as his. His table was served with taste and
+magnificence; he admitted to it none but the nobility in his
+neighbourhood, some of the principal gentlemen, and the ladies and maids
+of honour, who belonged to the duchess of Sully. He often went into his
+gardens, and passing through a little covered alley, which separated the
+flower from the kitchen garden, ascended by a stone staircase (which the
+present duke of Sully has caused to be destroyed), into a large walk of
+linden trees, upon a terrace on the other side of the garden. It was
+then the taste to have a great many narrow walks, very closely shaded
+with four or five rows of trees, or palisadoes. Here he used to sit upon
+a settee painted green, amused himself by beholding on the one side an
+agreeable landscape, and on the other a second alley on a terrace
+extremely beautiful, which surrounded a large piece of water, and
+terminated by a wood of lofty trees. There was scarce one of his
+estates, those especially which had castles on them, where he did not
+leave marks of his magnificence, to which he was chiefly incited by a
+principle of charity, and regard to the public good. At <i>Rosny</i>, he
+raised that fine terrace, which runs along the Seine, to a prodigious
+extent, and those great gardens, filled with groves, arbours, and
+grottos, with water-works. He embellished <i>Sully</i> with gardens, of which
+the plants were the finest in the world, and with a canal, supplied with
+fresh water by the little river Sangle, which he turned that way, and
+which is afterwards lost in the Loire. He erected a machine to convey
+the water to all the basons and fountains, of which the gardens are
+full. He enlarged the castle of <i>La Chapelle d'Angillon</i>, and
+embellished it with gardens and terraces."
+</p><p>
+These gardens somewhat remind one of these lines, quoted by Barnaby
+Gooche:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Have fountaines sweet at hand, or mossie waters,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Or pleasaunt brooke, that passing through the meads, is sweetly seene.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+That fine gardens delighted Sully, is evident even from his own
+statement of his visit to the Duke d'Aumale's, at Anet, near Ivry,
+(where Henry and Sully fought in that famous battle), for he says,&mdash;"Joy
+animated the countenance of Madame d'Aumale the moment she perceived me.
+She gave me a most kind and friendly reception, took me by the hand, and
+led me through those fine galleries and beautiful gardens, which make
+Anet a most enchanting place." One may justly apply to Sully, what he
+himself applies to the Bishop of Evreaux: "A man for whom eloquence and
+great sentiments had powerful charms."
+</p><p>
+I had designed some few years ago, to have published a Review of some of
+the superb Gardens in France, during the reign of Henry IV. and during
+the succeeding reigns, till the demise of Louis XV., embellished with
+plates of some of the costly and magnificent decorations of those times;
+with extracts from such of their eminent writers whose letters or works
+may have occasionally dwelt on gardens.&mdash;My motto, for want of a better,
+might have been these two lines from Rapin,
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>&mdash;&mdash;France, in all her rural pomp appears</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>With numerous gardens stored.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+Perhaps I might have been so greedy and insolent, as to have presumed to
+have monopolized our Shakspeare's line,&mdash;"I love <i>France</i> so well, that
+I will not part with a village of it; I will have it all mine."
+</p><p>
+Isaac Walton gives the following lines from a translation of a German
+poet, which makes one equally fond of England:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">We saw so many woods, and princely bowers,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sweet fields, brave palaces, and stately towers,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>So many gardens dress'd with curious care</i>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That Thames with royal Tiber may compare.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> The Encyclop&aelig;dia of Gardening has a rich page (35) devoted
+to Le N&ocirc;tre. The Nouveau Dict. Hist. thus records his genius and his
+grand and magnificent efforts:&mdash;"Ce grand homme fut choisi pour d&eacute;corer
+les jardins du ch&acirc;teau de Vau-le-Vicomte. Il en fit un sejour
+enchanteur, par les ornamens nouveaux, pleins de magnificence, qu'il y
+prodigua. On vit alors, pour la premiere fois, des portiques, des
+berceaux, des grottes, des traillages, des labyrinths, &amp;c. embellir
+varier le spectacle des jardins. Le Roi, t&eacute;moin des ces merveilles, lui
+donna la direction de tous ses parcs. Il embellit par son art,
+Versailles, Trianon, et il fit &agrave; St. Germain cette fameuse terrasse
+qu'on voit toujours avec une nouvelle admiration. Les jardins de Clagny,
+de Chantilly, de St. Cloud, de Meudon, de Sceaux, le parterre du Tibre,
+et les canaux qui ornent ce lieu champ&ecirc;tre a Fontainbleau, sont encore
+son ouvrage. Il demanda &agrave; faire voyage de l'Italie, dans l'esp&eacute;rance
+d'acqu&eacute;rir de nouvelles connoissances; mais son g&eacute;ni&egrave; cr&eacute;ateur l'avoit
+conduit &agrave; la perfection. Il ne vit rien de comparable a ce qu'il avoit
+fait en France."
+</p><p>
+Notwithstanding the above just and high tribute, I have no hesitation in
+saying, that it is not superior to the magic picture which the
+fascinating pen of Mad. de Sevign&eacute; has drawn of le N&ocirc;tre's creative
+genius, in her letter of Aug. 7, 1675. Many others of this charming
+woman's letters breathe her love of gardens.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> The Nouveau Dict. Hist. thus speaks of the Pere Rapin:&mdash;"A
+un g&eacute;nie heureux, &agrave; un go&ucirc;t sur, il joignoit une probit&eacute; exacte, un
+c&oelig;ur droit, un caractere aimable et des m&oelig;urs douces. Il &eacute;toit
+naturellement honn&ecirc;te, et il s'&eacute;toit encore poli dans le commerce des
+grands. Parmi ses diff&eacute;rentes Po&euml;sies Latin&eacute;s, on distingue le Po&euml;me des
+Jardins. C'est son chef d'&oelig;uvre; il est digne du siecle d'Auguste,
+dit l'Abb&eacute; Des Fontaines, pour l'&eacute;legance et la puret&eacute; du langage, pour
+l'esprit et les graces qui y regnent." Among the letters of Rabutin de
+Bussy, are many most interesting ones from this worthy father.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> "Rien n'est plus admirable que la peinture na&icirc;ve que la
+Pere Vaniere fait des amusemens champ&ecirc;tres; on est &eacute;galement enchant&eacute; de
+la richesse et de la vivacit&eacute; de son imagination, de l'&eacute;clat et de
+l'harmonie de sa po&euml;sie, du choix de la puret&eacute; de ses expressions. Il
+mourut a Toulouse en 1739, et plusiers po&euml;tes ornerent de fleurs son
+tombeau."&mdash;Nouv. Dict. Hist.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> La Comtesse de la Riviere, thus alludes to this convent:
+"Madame de Sevign&eacute; a pour ce monastere une v&eacute;n&eacute;ration qui est audel&agrave; de
+toute expression; elle assure qu'on n'approche pas de ce lieu sans
+sentir au dedans de soi une onction divine."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> The late Sir U. Price, pays a very high compliment to this
+exquisite poem, in p. 31, vol. i. of his Essays, terming it full of the
+justest taste, and most brilliant imagery.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> In the Earl of Harcourt's garden, at Nuneham, in
+Oxfordshire, (laid out in some parts under the eye and fine taste of the
+poet Mason), on a bust of Rousseau are these lines:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Say, is thy honest heart to virtue warm?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Can genius animate thy feeling breast?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Approach, behold this venerable form;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">'Tis Rousseau! let thy bosom speak the rest.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+There are attractive pages in this little volume of the Viscount's,
+which would have interested either Shenstone, or Gainsborough,
+particularly the pages 59, 143, 145, and 146, (of Mr. Malthus's
+translation), for in these pages "we feel all the truth and energy of
+nature." A short extract from p. 131, will enable the reader to judge of
+the writer's style:&mdash;"When the cool evening sheds her soft and
+delightful tints, and leads on the hours of pleasure and repose, then is
+the universal reign of sublime harmony. It is at this happy moment that
+Claude has caught the tender colouring, the enchanting calm, which
+equally attaches the heart and the eyes; it is then that the fancy
+wanders with tranquillity over distant scenes. Masses of trees through
+which the light penetrates, and under whose foliage winds a pleasant
+path; meadows, whose mild verdure is still softened by the transparent
+shades of the evening; crystal waters which reflect all the near objects
+in their pure surface; mellow tints, and distances of blue vapour;
+such are in general the objects best suited to a western exposure. The
+sun, before he leaves the horizon, seems to blend earth and sky, and it
+is from sky that evening views receive their greatest beauty. The
+imagination dwells with delight upon the exquisite variety of soft and
+pleasing colours, which embellishes the clouds and the distant country,
+in this peaceful hour of enjoyment and contemplation."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> He was enthusiastically devoted to the cultivation of his
+gardens, which exhibited enchanting scenery, umbrageous walks, and
+magnificent water-falls. When thus breathing the pure air of rural life,
+the blood-stained monsters of 1793 seized him in his garden, and led him
+to the scaffold. "He heard unmoved his own sentence, but the
+condemnation of his daughter and grand-daughter, tore his heart: the
+thought of seeing two weak and helpless creatures perish, shook his
+fortitude. Being taken back to the <i>Conciergerie</i>, his courage returned,
+and he exhorted his children to prepare for death. When the fatal bell
+rung, he recovered all his wonted cheerfulness; having paid to nature
+the tribute of feeling, he desired to give his children an example of
+magnanimity; his looks exhibited the sublime serenity of virtue, and
+taught them to view death undismayed. When he ascended the cart, he
+conversed with his children, unaffected by the clamours of the ferocious
+populace; and on arriving at the foot of the scaffold, took a last and
+solemn farewell of his children; immediately after he was dismissed into
+eternity."
+</p><p>
+Sir Walter Scott, after noticing "the wild and squalid features" of
+Marat, who "lay concealed in some obscure garret or cellar, among his
+cut-throats, until a storm appeared, when, like a bird of ill omen, his
+death-screech was again heard," thus states the death of another of the
+murderers of the Malherbes:&mdash;"Robespierre, in an unsuccessful attempt to
+shoot himself, had only inflicted a horrible <i>fracture on his
+under-jaw</i>. In this situation they were found like wolves in their lair,
+foul with blood, mutilated, despairing, and yet not able to die.
+Robespierre lay on a table in an anti-room, his head supported by a deal
+box, and his hideous countenance half-hidden by a bloody and dirty cloth
+bound round his shattered chin. As the fatal cars passed to the
+guillotine, those who filled them, but especially Robespierre, were
+overwhelmed with execrations. The nature of his previous wound, from
+which the cloth had never been removed till the executioner <i>tore</i> it
+off, added to the torture of the sufferer. The shattered jaw dropped,
+and the wretch yelled aloud, to the horror of the spectators. A mask
+taken from that dreadful head was long exhibited in different nations of
+Europe, and appalled the spectator by its ugliness, and the mixture of
+fiendish expression with that of bodily agony."
+</p><p>
+Mons. Malherbes loved to relate an answer made to him by a common
+fellow, during his stay at Paris, when he was obliged to go four times
+every day to the prison of the Temple, to attend the king: his extreme
+age did not allow him to walk, and he was compelled to take a carriage.
+One day, particularly, when the weather was intensely severe, he
+perceived, on coming out of the vehicle, that the driver was benumbed
+with cold. "My friend," said Malherbes to him, in his naturally tender
+manner, "you must be penetrated by the cold, and I am really sorry to
+take you abroad in this bitter season."&mdash;"That's nothing, M. de
+Malherbes; in such a cause as this, I'd travel to the world's end
+without complaining."&mdash;"Yes, but your poor horses could not."&mdash;"Sir,"
+replied the honest coachman, "<i>my horses think as I do</i>."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> I cannot pass by the name of Henry, without the
+recollection of what an historian says of him: "L'Abb&eacute; Langlet du
+Fresnoy a publi&eacute; cinquante-neuf lettres de a bon Roi, dans sa nouvelle
+edition du Journal de Henry III. on y remarque du feu de l'esprit, de
+l'imagination, et sur-tout cette &eacute;loquence du c&oelig;ur, qui plait tout
+dans un monarque.&mdash;On l'exortoit &agrave; traiter avec rigueur quelques places
+de la Ligue, qu'il avoit r&eacute;dites par la force: <i>La satisfaction qu'on
+tire de la vengeance ne dure qu'un moment</i> (r&eacute;pondit ce prince
+g&eacute;n&eacute;reuse) <i>mais celle qu'on tire de la clemence est eternelle</i>. Plus on
+connoitre Henri, plus on l'aimera, plus on l'admiriroet."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> The king, knowing his fine taste for sculpture and
+painting, sent him to Italy, and the Nouv. Dict. Hist. gives this
+anecdote: "La Pape instruit de son m&eacute;rite, voulut le voir, et lui donna
+une assez longue audience, sur la fin de laquelle le N&ocirc;tre s'&eacute;cria en
+s'adressant au Pape: J'ai vu les plus grands hommes du monde, Votre
+Saintet&eacute;, et le Roi mon ma&icirc;tre. Il y a grande diff&eacute;rence, dit le Pape;
+le Roi est un grand prince victorieux, je suis un pauvre pr&ecirc;tre
+serviteur des serviteurs de Dieu. Le N&ocirc;tre, charm&eacute; de cette r&eacute;ponse,
+oublia qui la lui faisoit, et frappant sur l'&eacute;paule du Pape lui r&eacute;pondit
+&agrave; son tour: Mon R&eacute;v&eacute;rend Pere, vous vous portez bien et vous enterrerez
+tout la Sacr&eacute; College. Le Pape, qui entendoit le Fran&ccedil;ois, rit du
+pronostic. Le N&ocirc;tre, charm&eacute; de plus en plus de sa bont&eacute;, et de l'estime
+particuliere qu'il t&eacute;moignoit pour le Roi, se jeta au cou du Pape et
+l'embrassa. C'&eacute;toit au reste sa coutume d'embrasser tous ceux qui
+publioient les louanges de Louis XIV., et il embrassoit le Roi lui-m&ecirc;me,
+toutes les fois que ce prince revenoit de la campagne."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> I will conclude by mentioning a justly celebrated man,
+who, it seems was not over fond of his garden, though warmly attached
+both to Boileau, and to Mad. de Sevign&eacute;,&mdash;I mean that most eloquent
+preacher Bossuet, of whom a biographer, after stating that he was so
+absorbed in the study of the ancient fathers of the church, "qu'il ne se
+permettoit que des d&eacute;lassemens fort courts. Il ne se prom&ecirc;noit que
+rarement m&ecirc;me dans son jardin. Son jardinier lui dit un jour: <i>Si je
+plantois des Saint Augustins, et des Saint Chrysostomes, vous les
+viendriez voir; mais pour vos arbres, vous ne vous en souciez guere</i>."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Mr. Worlidge, who wrote during part of the reigns of
+Charles II. and James II. judiciously observes, that "the glory of the
+French palaces, often represented to our English eyes in sculpture, are
+adorned <i>with their beauteous gardens before them</i>; which wanting, they
+would seem without lustre or grandeur."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> He was fined &pound;30,000 for having taken a favourite of the
+king's, in the very presence chamber, by the nose, for having insulted
+him, and afterwards dragging him out of the room.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> It was to this nobleman, that Addison addressed his
+elegant and sublime epistle, after he had surveyed with the eyes and
+genius of a classical poet, the monuments and heroic deeds of ancient
+Rome.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Lord Chesterfield thus speaks of this distinguished
+man:&mdash;"His private life was stained by no vices, nor sullied by any
+meanness. His eloquence was of every kind; but his invectives were
+terrible, and uttered with such energy of diction and countenance, that
+he intimidated those who were the most willing and the best able to
+encounter him." Sir W. Chatham Trelawney used to observe of him, that it
+was impossible for the members of the side opposed to him in the House
+of Commons to look him in the face when he was warmed in debate: he
+seemed to bid them all a haughty defiance. "For my own part," said
+Trelawney, "I never dared cast my eyes towards his, for if I did, <i>they
+nailed me to the floor</i>."
+</p><p>
+Smollet says, that he displayed "such irresistible energy of argument,
+and such power of elocution, as struck his hearers with astonishment and
+admiration. It flashed like the lightning of heaven against the
+ministers and sons of corruption, blasting where it smote, and withering
+the nerves of opposition; but his more substantial praise was founded
+upon his disinterested integrity, his incorruptible heart, his
+unconquerable spirit of independance, and his invariable attachment to
+the interest and liberty of his country." Another biographer thus
+mentions him:&mdash;"His elevated aspect commanded the awe and mute attention
+of all who beheld him, whilst a certain grace in his manner, conscious
+of all the dignities of his situation, of the solemn scene he acted in,
+as well as his own exalted character, seemed to acknowledge and repay
+the respect he received; his venerable form, bowed with infirmity and
+age, but animated by a mind which nothing could subdue; his spirit
+shining through him, arming his eye with lightning, and cloathing his
+lips with thunder; or, if milder topics offered, harmonizing his
+countenance in smiles, and his voice in softness, for the compass of his
+powers was infinite. As no idea was too vast, no imagination too
+sublime, for the grandeur and majesty of his manner; so no fancy was too
+playful, nor any allusion too comic, for the ease and gaiety with which
+he could accommodate to the occasion. But the character of his oratory
+was dignity; this presided in every respect, even to his sallies of
+pleasantry."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Sir Walter Scott's attachment to gardens, breaks out even
+in his Life of Swift, where his fond enquiries have discovered the
+sequestered and romantic garden of <i>Vanessa</i>, at Marley Abbey.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> So thought Sir W. Raleigh;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sweet violets, love's paradise, that spread</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Your gracious odours ...</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Upon the gentle wing of some calm-breathing wind,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">That plays amidst the plain.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+The lines in Twelfth Night we all recollect:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That strain again;&mdash;it had a dying fall:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O, it came o'er my ear like the sweet south</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That breathes upon a bank of <i>violets</i>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stealing and giving odour.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+That these flowers were the most favourite ones of Shakspeare, there can
+be little doubt&mdash;Perditta fondly calls them
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Or Cytherea's breath.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+When Petrarch first saw Laura: "elle avail une robe verte, sa coleur
+favorite, parsem&eacute;e de <i>violettes</i>, la plus humble des fleurs."&mdash;Childe
+Harold thus paints this flower:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The sweetness of the violet's deep blue eyes</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">(Kiss'd by the breath of heaven) seems colour'd by its skies.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> One almost fancies one perceives Lord Bacon's attachment
+to gardens, or to rural affairs, even in the speech he made before the
+nobility, when first taking his seat in the High Court of Chancery; he
+hoped "that these same <i>brambles</i> that <i>grow</i> about justice, of needless
+charge and expence, and all manner of exactions, might be rooted out;"
+adding also, that immediate and "<i>fresh</i> justice was the <i>sweetest</i>."
+Mr. Mason, in a note to his English Garden, after paying a high
+compliment to Lord Bacon's picturesque idea of a garden, thus concludes
+that note:&mdash;"Such, when he descended to matters of more elegance (for,
+when we speak of Lord Bacon, to treat of these was to descend,) were the
+amazing powers of this universal genius."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Mr. Pope's delight in gardens, is visible even in the
+condensed allusion he makes to them, in a letter to Mr. Digby; "I have
+been above a month strolling about in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire,
+from garden to garden, but still returning to Lord Cobham's, with fresh
+satisfaction. I should be sorry to see my Lady Scudamore's, till it has
+had the full advantage of Lord Bathurst's improvements."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> A biographer thus speaks of the Prince de Ligne: "Quand
+les rois se reunirent a Vienne en 1814, ils se firent tous un devoir de
+l'accuellier avec distinction, et furent enchant&eacute; de la vivacit&eacute; de son
+esprit, et de son intarissable gaiet&eacute;, qui malgr&eacute; ses infirmit&eacute;s et son
+grand &acirc;ge, ne l'avoit pasencore abandonn&eacute;. Ses saillies, et ses bon mots
+etoi&eacute;nt comme autrefois r&eacute;p&eacute;t&eacute;s pour tous." His generous heart thus
+speaks of the abused and unfortunate Marie Antoinette:&mdash;"The breath of
+calumny has not even respected the memory of the loveliest and best of
+women, of whose spotless heart and irreproachable conduct, no one can
+bear stronger evidence than I. Her soul was as pure as her face was
+fair; yet neither virtue nor beauty could save the victim of sanguinary
+liberty." In relating this (says his biographer), his voice faultered,
+and his eyes were suffused with tears. He thus briefly states, with his
+usual humour and vivacity, his conversation with Voltaire as to the
+garden at Ferney:
+</p><p>
+<i>P. de L.</i>&mdash;Monsieur, Monsieur, cela doit vous coup&eacute; beaucoup, quel
+charmant jardin!
+</p><p>
+<i>Volt.</i>&mdash;Oh! mon jardinier est un b&ecirc;te: c'est moi meme qui ait fait
+tout.
+</p><p>
+<i>P. de L.</i>&mdash;Je le croi.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Monsieur Thomas, in his eulogy of Descartes says, it
+should have been pronounced at the foot of Newton's statue: or rather,
+Newton himself should have been his panegyrist. Of this eulogy,
+Voltaire, in a most handsome letter to Mons. Thomas, thus
+speaks:&mdash;"votre ouvrage m'enchante d'un bout a l'autre, et Je vais le
+relire d&egrave;s que J'aurai dict&eacute; ma lettre." The sleep and expanding of
+flowers are most interestingly reviewed by Mr. Loudon in p. 187 of his
+Encyclop., and by M. V. H. de Thury, in the above discourse, a few pages
+preceding his seducing description of the magnificent garden of M. de
+Boursault.
+</p><p>
+So late ago as the year 1804 it was proposed at Avignon, to erect an
+obelisk in memory of Petrarch, at Vaucluse: "il a &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;cid&eacute;, qu'on
+l'&eacute;levera, vis-avis <i>l'ancien jardin</i> de Petrache, lieu o&ucirc; le lit de
+sorgue forme un angle."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> This garden (as Mr. Walpole observes) was planted by the
+poet, enriched by him with the fairy gift of eternal summer.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Mr. Pope thus mentions the vines round this cave:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Depending vines the shelving cavern skreen,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With purple clusters blushing through the green.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Nearly eight pages of Mr. Loudon's Encyclop. are devoted
+to a very interesting research on the gardens of the Romans. Sir Joseph
+Banks has a paper on the Forcing Houses of the Romans, with a list of
+Fruits cultivated by them, now in our gardens, in vol. 1 of the <i>Hort.
+Trans.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> Dr. Pulteney gives a list of several manuscripts in the
+Bodleian Library, the writers of which are unknown, and the dates not
+precisely determined, but supposed to have been written, if not prior to
+the invention of printing, at least before the introduction of that art
+into England. I select the two following.&mdash;
+</p><p>
+No. 2543. De Arboribus, Aromatis, et <i>Floribus</i>.
+</p><p>
+No. 2562. Glossarium Latino-anglicum Arborum, <i>Fructuum</i>, Frugam, &amp;c.
+</p><p>
+And he states the following from Bib. S. Petri Cant:&mdash;
+</p><p>
+No. 1695. Notabilia de Vegetabilibus, et Plantis.
+</p><p>
+Dr. Pulteney observes, that the above list might have been considerably
+extended, but that it would have unnecessarily swelled the article he
+was then writing.
+</p><p>
+The Nouv. Dict. Hist. mentions a personage whose attachment to his
+garden, and one of whose motives for cultivating that garden, does not
+deserve a notice:&mdash;"Attale III. Roi de Pergame, fils de Stratonice,
+so&ugrave;lla la thr&ocirc;ne en r&eacute;pandant le sang de ses amis et de sea parens. Il
+abandonna ensuite le so&igrave;n de ses affaires <i>pour s'occuper entirement de
+son jardin</i>. Il y cultivoit des poisons, tels que l'aconit et la cigu&euml;,
+qu'il envoyoit quelque fois en pr&eacute;sent a ses amis. Il mourut 133 ans
+avant Jesus Christ."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> To have completed the various contrasting vicissitudes of
+this poor <i>Suffolk</i> farmer's life, he should have added to his other
+employments, those of another <i>Suffolk</i> man, the late W. Lomax, who had
+been <i>grave-digger</i> at the pleasant town of Bury St. Edmund's, for
+thirty-six years, and who, also, for a longer period than thirty-six
+years, had been a <i>morrice-dancer</i> at all the elections for that
+borough.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Gerarde, speaking of good sorts of apples and pears, thus
+mentions the above named <i>Pointer</i>:&mdash;"Master Richard Pointer has them
+all growing in his ground at Twickenham, near London, who is a most
+cunning and curious grafter and planter of all manner of rare fruits;
+and also in the ground of an excellent grafter and painful planter,
+Master Henry Bunbury, of Touthil-street, near unto Westminster; and
+likewise in the ground of a diligent and most affectionate lover of
+plants, Master Warner, neere Horsely Down, by London; and in divers
+other grounds about London."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> The fate of this poor man reminds one of what is related
+of Corregio:&mdash;"He received from the mean canons of Parma, for his
+Assumption of the Virgin, the small pittance of two hundred livres, and
+it was paid him in copper. He hastened with the money to his starving
+family; but as he had six or eight miles to travel from Parma, the
+weight of his burden, and the heat of the climate, added to the
+oppression of his breaking heart, a pleurisy attacked him, which, in
+three days, terminated his existence and his sorrows in his fortieth
+year."
+</p><p>
+If one could discover a portrait of either of the authors mentioned in
+the foregoing list, one might, I think, inscribe under each of such
+portraits, these verses:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ce pourtrait et maint liure</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Par le peintre et l'escrit,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Feront reuoir et viure</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Ta face et ton esprit.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+They are inscribed under an ancient portrait, done in 1555, which Mr.
+Dibdin has preserved in his account of Caen, and which he thus
+introduces: "As we love to be made acquainted with the <i>persons</i> of
+those from whom we have received instruction and pleasure, so take,
+gentle reader, a representation of Bourgueville."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> "Mr. John Parkinson, an apothecary of this city, (yet
+living, and labouring for the common good,) in the year 1629, set forth
+a work by the name of <i>Paradisus Terrestris</i>, wherein he gives the
+figures of all such plants as are preserved in gardens, for the beauty
+of their flowers, in use in meats or sauces; and also an orchard for all
+trees bearing fruit, and such shrubs as for their beauty are kept in
+orchards and gardens, with the ordering, planting, and preserving of all
+these. In this work he hath not superficially handled these things, but
+accurately descended to the very varieties in each species, wherefore I
+have now and then referred my reader, addicted to these delights, to
+this work, especially in flowers and fruits, wherein I was loth to spend
+too much time, especially seeing I could adde nothing to what he had
+done upon that subject before."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> "Mr. Hartlib (says Worlidge) tells you of the benefits of
+<i>orchard fruits</i>, that they afford curious walks for pleasure, food for
+cattle in the spring, summer, and winter, (meaning under their shadow,)
+fewel for the fire, shade for the heat, physick for the sick,
+refreshment for the sound, plenty of food for man, and that not of the
+worst, and drink also of the best."
+</p><p>
+Milton also in the above Tractate thus speaks:&mdash;"In those vernal seasons
+of the year, when the air is calm and pleasant, it were an injury and
+sullenness against nature, not to go out and see her riches, and partake
+in her rejoicing with heaven and earth."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> In the above tract of Dr. Beale's, he thus breaks out in
+praise of the Orchards of this <i>deep and rich</i> county:&mdash;"From the
+greatest person to the poorest cottager, all habitations are encompassed
+with orchards, and gardens, and in most places our hedges are enriched
+with rows of fruit trees, pears or apples. All our villages, and
+generally all our highways, (all our vales being thick set with rows of
+villages), are in the spring time sweetened and beautified with the
+blossomed trees, which continue their changeable varieties of ornament,
+till (in the end of autumn), they fill our garners with pleasant fruit,
+and our cellars with rich and winy liquors. Orchards, being the pride of
+our county, do not only sweeten, but also purify the ambient air,
+which I conceive to conduce very much to the constant health and long
+lives for which our county hath always been famous. We do commonly
+devise a shadowy walk from our gardens, through our orchards (which is
+the richest, sweetest, and most embellished grove) into our coppice
+woods, or timber woods." Dr. Beale does not praise the whole of their
+land. He describes some as "starvy, chapt, and cheany, as the basest
+land upon the Welch mountains." He makes amends, however, for this, for
+he describes the nags bred on their high grounds, as very different from
+our present hackney-coach horses; they "are airey and sinewy, full of
+spirits and vigour, in shape like the <i>barbe</i>, they rid ground, and
+gather courage and delight in their own speed."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> A Lady Gerard is mentioned in two letters of Mr. Pope, to
+W. Fortescue, Esq. They have no date to them. They appear in Polwhele's
+History of Devonshire. "I have just received a note from Mrs. Blount,
+that she and Lady Gerard will dine here to-day." And "Lady Gerard was to
+see Chiswick Gardens (as I imagined) and therefore forced to go from
+hence by five; it was a mortification to Mrs. Blount to go, when there
+was a hope of seeing you and Mr. Fortescue." There are three more
+letters, without date, to Martha Blount, written from the Wells at
+Bristol, and from Stowe, in which Pope says, "I have no more room but to
+give Lady Gerard my hearty services." And "once more my services to Lady
+Gerard." "I desire you will write a post-letter to my man John, at what
+time you would have the pine apples, to send to Lady Gerard." Probably
+Martha Blount's Lady Gerard was a descendant of Rea's.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> A most curious account of the <i>Tulipomania</i>, or rage for
+tulips, formerly in Holland, may be seen in Phillips's Flora Historica.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Perhaps no one more truly painted rich pastoral scenes
+than Isaac Walton. This occurs in many, many pages of his delightful
+<i>Angler</i>. The late ardently gifted, and most justly lamented Sir Humphry
+Davy too, in his <i>Salmonia</i>, has fondly caught the charms of Walton's
+pages. His pen riots in the wild, the beautiful, the sweet, delicious
+scenery of nature:&mdash;"how delightful in the early spring, to wander forth
+by some clear stream, to see the leaf bursting from the purple bud, to
+scent the odours of the bank, perfumed by the violet, and enamelled as
+it were with the primrose, and the daisy; to wander upon the fresh turf
+below the shade of trees, whose bright blossoms are filled with the
+music of the bee." Mr. Worlidge, in his Systema Agricultur&aelig;, says, that
+the delights in angling "rouzes up the ingenious early in the spring
+mornings, that they have the benefit of the sweet and pleasant morning
+air, which many through sluggishness enjoy not; so that health (the
+greatest treasure that mortals enjoy) and pleasure, go hand in hand in
+this exercise. What can be more said of it, than that the most
+ingenious, most use it." Mr. Whately, in his usual charming style, thus
+paints the spring:&mdash;"Whatever tends to animate the scene, accords with
+the season, which is full of youth and vigour, fresh and sprightly,
+brightened by the verdure of the herbage, and the woods, gay with
+blossoms, and flowers, and enlivened by the songs of the birds in all
+their variety, from the rude joy of the skylark, to the delicacy of the
+nightingale."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Tusser seems somewhat of Meager's opinion:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Sow peason and beans, in the wane of the moon,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Who soweth them sooner, he soweth too soon;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">That they with the planet may rest and arise,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And flourish, with bearing most plentifull wise.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+The celebrated Quintinye says, "I solemnly declare, that after a
+diligent observation of the moon's changes for thirty years together,
+and an enquiry whether they had any influence in gardening, the
+affirmative of which has been so long established among us, I perceive
+it was no weightier than old wives' tales."
+</p><p>
+The moon (says Mr. Mavor) having an influence on the tides and the
+weather, she was formerly supposed to extend her power over all nature.
+</p><p>
+There is a treatise, by <i>Claude Gadrois</i>, on the <i>Influences des
+Astres</i>. Surely this merits perusal, when the Nouv. Dict. Hist. thus
+speaks of him:&mdash;"Il &eacute;toit ami du c&eacute;lebre Arnauld et m&eacute;ritoit de l'etre
+par <i>la justesse de son esprit</i> et la puret&egrave; de ses m&oelig;urs, par la
+bont&eacute; de son caractere et par la droiture de son c&oelig;ur."
+</p><p>
+The following wise experiment occurs in an ancient book on husbandry;
+but if the two parties there mentioned had lived with Leonard Meager,
+one must not do him the injustice of supposing he would have been a
+convert to their opinion:&mdash;"<i>Archibius</i> is said to have written (or sent
+word most likely) to <i>Antiochus</i>, king of <i>Syria</i>, that if you bury a
+speckled toad inclosed in an earthen pot, in the middle of your garden,
+the same will be defended from all hurtful weather and tempests."
+Meager, however, is kept in countenance by Mr. Worlidge, who, in his
+chapter of Prognostics, at the end of his interesting System&aelig;
+Agricultur&aelig;, actually states that
+</p><p>
+If dog's guts rumble and make a noise, it presageth rain or snow.
+</p><p>
+The cat, by washing her face, and putting her foot over her ear,
+foreshews rain.
+</p><p>
+The squeaking and skipping up and down of mice and rats, portend rain.
+</p><p>
+Leonard Meager thus notices a nurseryman of his day:&mdash;"Here follows a
+catalogue of divers sorts of fruits, which I had of my very loving
+friend, Captain Garrle, dwelling at the great nursery between
+Spittlefields and Whitechapel; a very eminent and ingenious nurseryman."
+Perhaps this is the same nurseryman that Rea, in his <i>Pomona</i>, mentions.
+He says (after naming some excellent pear-trees) "they may be had out of
+the nurseries about London, especially those of Mr. Daniel Stepping, and
+Mr. Leonard <i>Girle</i>, who will faithfully furnish such as desire these,
+or any other kinds of rare fruit-trees, of whose fidelity in the
+delivery of right kinds, I have had long experience in divers
+particulars, a virtue not common to men of that profession." At this
+period, the space between Spittlefields and Whitechapel, must have
+consisted of gardens, and perhaps superb country houses. The Earl of
+Devonshire had a fine house and garden near Petticoat-lane. Sir W.
+Raleigh had one near Mile-end. Some one (I forget the author) says, "On
+both sides of this lane (Petticoat-lane) were anciently hedges and rows
+of elm trees, and the pleasantness of the neighbouring fields induced
+several gentlemen to build their houses here; among whom was the Spanish
+Ambassador, whom Strype supposes was Gondamour." Gondamour was the
+person to please whom (or rather that James might the more easily marry
+his son Charles to one of the daughters of Spain, with her immense
+fortune) this weak monarch was urged to sacrifice the life of Raleigh.
+</p><p>
+Within one's own memory, it is painful to reflect, on the many pleasant
+fields, neat paddocks, rural walks, and gardens, (breathing pure air)
+that surrounded this metropolis for miles, and miles, and which are now
+ill exchanged for an immense number of new streets, many of them the
+receptacles only of smoke and unhealthiness.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> These lines are from him, at whose death (says Sir W.
+Scott in his generous and glowing eulogy) we were stunned "by one of
+those death-notes which are peeled at intervals, as from an archangel's
+trumpet"&mdash;they are from "that mighty genius which walked amongst men as
+something superior to ordinary mortality, and whose powers were beheld
+with wonder, and something approaching to terror, as if we knew not
+whether they were of good or evil"&mdash;they are from "that noble tree which
+will never more bear fruit, or blossom! which has been cut down in its
+strength, and the past is all that remains to us of Byron: whose
+excellences will <i>now</i> be universally acknowledged, and his faults (let
+us hope and believe) not remembered in his epitaph." His "deep
+transported mind" (to apply Milton's words to him) thus continues his
+moralization:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What are the hopes of man? old Egypt's king</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;"><span class="smcap">Cheops</span>, erected the first pyramid,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And largest; thinking it was just the thing</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">To keep his memory whole, and mummy hid;</span><br />
+</p>
+<p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But somebody or other rummaging,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Burglariously broke his coffin's lid:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Let not a monument give you, or me, hopes,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Since not a pinch of dust remains of <span class="smcap">Cheops</span>.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+The Quarterly Review, in reviewing Light's Travels, observes, that
+"Cheops employed three hundred and sixty thousand of his subjects for
+twenty years in raising this pyramid, or pile of stones, equal in weight
+to six millions of tons; and to render his precious dust more secure,
+the narrow chamber was made accessible only by small intricate passages,
+obstructed by stones of an enormous weight, and so carefully closed,
+externally, as not to be perceptible. Yet how vain are all the
+precautions of man! Not a bone was left of Cheops, either in the stone
+coffin, or in the vault, when Shaw entered the gloomy chamber." Sir
+Walter Scott himself, has justly received many eulogies. Perhaps none
+more heart-felt, than the effusion delivered at a late Celtic meeting,
+by that eloquent and honest lawyer, the present Lord Chief Justice of
+the Court of Exchequer, in Scotland, which was received by long, loud,
+and continued applause.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> John Bauhine wrote a Treatise in 1591, De Plantis &agrave; Divis
+sanctisve nomen habentibus.
+</p><p>
+Their Preface to the above Vol. ii. has this observation: "Plants, when
+taken from the places whence they derive their extraction, and planted
+in others of different qualities, <i>betray such fondness for their native
+earth</i>, that with great difficulty they are brought to thrive in
+another; and in this it is that the florist's art consists; for <i>to
+humour each plant</i> with the soil, the sun, the shade, the degrees of
+dryness or moisture, and the neighbourhood it delights in, (for there is
+a natural antipathy between some plants, insomuch that they will not
+thrive near one another) are things not easily attainable, but by a
+length of study and application."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> What these ruffles and lashes were, I know not. Perhaps
+the words of Johnson may apply to them:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Fate never wounds more deep the generous heart,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Than when a blockhead's insult points the dart.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">This mournful truth is every where confess'd,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Slow rises worth, by poverty oppress'd.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Barnaby Gooche, in his Chapter on Gardens, calls the sun
+"the captaine and authour of the other lights, <i>the very soule of the
+world</i>."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> A translation of De Lille's garden thus pleads:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Oh! by those shades, beneath whose evening bowers</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The village dancers tripp'd the frolic hours;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">By those deep tufts that show'd your fathers' tombs,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Spare, ye profane, their venerable glooms!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To violate their sacred age, beware,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Which e'en the awe-struck hand of time doth spare.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Mr. Whateley observes, that "The whole range of nature is
+open to him, (the landscape gardener) from the parterre to the forest;
+and whatever is agreeable to the senses, or the imagination, he may
+appropriate to the spot he is to improve; it is a part of his business
+to collect into one place, the delights which are generally dispersed
+through different species of country."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> At page 24 he says, "<i>Cato</i>, one of the most celebrated
+writers on Husbandry and Gardening among the Romans, (who, as appears by
+his Introduction, took the model of his precepts from the <i>Greeks</i>) in
+his excellent Treatise <i>De Re Rustica</i>, has given so great an encomium
+on the excellence and uses of this good plant, (the Brocoli) not only as
+to its goodness in eating, but also in physick and pharmacy, that makes
+it esteemed one of the best plants either the field or garden
+produces."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> His Chapter on the Water-Works of the Ancient Romans,
+French, &amp;c. is charmingly written. Those who delight in the formation of
+rivers, fountains, falls of water, or cascades, as decorations to their
+gardens, may inspect this ingenious man's Hydrostatics. And another
+specimen of his genius may be seen in the magnificent iron gateway now
+remaining at <i>Leeswood</i>, near Mold, and of which a print is given in
+Pugh's <i>Cambria Depicta</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> In this volume is a letter written to Switzer, from his
+"ingenious friend Mr. Thomas Knowlton, Gardener to the Earl of
+Burlington, who, on account of his own industry, and the opportunity he
+has had of being educated under the late learned Dr. Sherrard, claims a
+very advanced place in the list of Botanists." This letter is dated
+Lansborough, July, 1728. I insert part of this letter:&mdash;"I hope, Sir,
+you will excuse the freedom I take in giving you my opinion, having
+always had a respect for your endeavours in Husbandry and Gardening,
+ever since you commenced an author. Your introduction to, and manner of
+handling those beloved subjects, (the sale of which I have endeavoured
+to promote) is in great esteem with me; being (as I think) the most
+useful of any that have been wrote on these useful subjects. If on any
+subject, you shall hereafter revise or write farther upon, any
+communication of mine will be useful or serviceable to you, I shall be
+very ready to do it. I heartily wish you success in whatever you
+undertake, as it tends to a publick good." Dr. Pulteney says of
+Knowlton, "His zeal for English Botany was uncommonly great, and
+recommended him successfully to the learned Botanists of this country.
+From Sir Hans Sloane, he received eminent civilities."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> few short notices occur of names formerly eminent in
+gardening:&mdash;"My late ingenious and laborious friend, Mr. <i>Oram</i>,
+Nurseryman, of Brompton-lane."
+</p><p>
+"That great virtuoso and encourager of gardening, Mr. Secretary Johnson,
+at Twickenham."
+</p><p>
+"Their beautiful aspects in pots, (the nonpareil) and the middle of a
+desert, has been the glory of one of the most generous encouragers of
+gardening this age has produced, I mean the Right Honourable the
+Lord Castlemain."
+</p><p>
+"The late noble and most publick spirited encourager of arts and
+sciences, especially gardening, his Grace the Duke of Montague, at
+Ditton."
+</p><p>
+"The Elrouge Nectarine is also a native of our own, the name being the
+reverse of <i>Gourle</i>, a famous Nurseryman at Hogsden, in King Charles the
+Second's time, by whom it was raised."
+</p><p>
+And speaking of the successful cultivation of vines in the open air, he
+refers to the garden of a Mr. <i>Rigaud</i>, near <i>Swallow-street</i>; and to
+another great cultivator of the vine, "of whose friendship I have proof,
+the Rev. Mr. <i>Only</i>, of <i>Cottesmore</i>, in Rutland, some time since
+deceased; one of the most curious lovers of gardening that this or any
+other age has produced." This gentleman, in 1765, published "An Account
+of the care taken in most civilized nations for the relief of the poor,
+more particularly in the time of scarcity and distress;" 4to. 1s. Davis.
+I believe the same gentleman also published, in 1765, a Treatise "Of the
+Price of Wheat."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Lord Bacon says, "Because the breath of flowers is far
+sweeter in the air (where it comes and goes, like the warbling of
+musick) than in the hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that
+delight, than to know what be the flowers and plants that do best
+perfume the air." The Prince de Ligne says,
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Je ne veux point avoir l'orgueilleuse tulipe;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>L'odorat en jardin</i> est mon premier principe.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+The translation of <i>Spectacle de la Nature</i>, a very pleasing work,
+observes that "Flowers are not only intended to beautify the earth with
+their shining colours, but the greatest part of them, in order to render
+the entertainment more exquisite, diffuse a fragrance that perfumes all
+the air around us; and it should seem as if they were solicitous to
+<i>reserve their odours for the evening and morn</i>, when walking is most
+agreeable; but their sweets are very faint during the heat of the day,
+when we visit them the least."
+</p><p>
+I must again trespass on the pages of the great Bacon, by briefly
+shewing the <i>natural wildness</i> he wishes to introduce into one part of
+his garden:&mdash;"thickets, made only of sweet-briar and honeysuckle, and
+some wild vine amongst, and the ground set with violets, strawberries,
+and primroses; for these are sweet, and prosper in the shade."
+</p><p>
+The dew or pearly drops that one sees in a morning on cowslips, remind
+one of what is said of Mignon:&mdash;"Ses ouvrages sont pr&eacute;cieux par l'art
+avec le quel il repr&eacute;sentoit les fleurs dans tout leur &eacute;clat, et les
+fruits avec toute leur fraicheur. La ros&eacute;e et les goutes d'eau qu'elle
+r&eacute;pand sur les fleurs, sont si bien imit&eacute;es dans ses tableaux, qu'on est
+tent&eacute; d'y porter la main." It is said also that in the works of
+Van-Huysum, "le velout&eacute; des fruits, l'&eacute;clat des fleurs, le transparent
+de la ros&eacute;e, tout enchante dans les tableaux de ce peintre admirable."
+Sir U. Price observes of this latter painter, "that nature herself is
+hardly more soft and delicate in her most delicate productions, than the
+copies of them by Van-Huysum." Two flower pieces by this painter, sold
+at the Houghton sale for 1200<i>l.</i>
+</p><p>
+In the pieces of <i>Bos</i>, a Flemish painter, the dew was represented so
+much like nature, as to deserve universal approbation.
+</p><p>
+Bernazzano painted strawberries on a wall so naturally, that, we are
+told, the plaster was torn down by the frequent pecking of peacocks.
+</p><p>
+Amidst these celebrated painters, these admiring judges of nature, let
+us not forget our never-dying Hogarth; his piercing eye even discovers
+itself in his letter to Mr. Ellis, the naturalist:&mdash;"As for your pretty
+little seed cups, or vases, they are a sweet confirmation of the
+pleasure nature seems to take in superadding an elegance of form to most
+of her works, wherever you find them. How poor and bungling are all the
+inventions of art!"</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> The very numerous works of this indefatigable writer,
+embracing so many subjects, make one think he must have been as careful
+of his time, as the celebrated friend of the witty <i>Boileau</i>: the
+humane, benevolent, and dignified Chancellor <i>Aguesseau</i>, who finding
+that his wife always kept him waiting an hour after the dinner bell had
+rung, resolved to devote this time to writing a work on Jurisprudence.
+He put this project in execution, and in the course of time, produced a
+quarto work in four thick volumes.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> This chesnut tree is thus noticed in a newspaper of
+August, 1829:&mdash;"The celebrated chesnut tree, the property of Lord Ducie,
+at Tortworth, in the county of Gloucester, is the oldest, if not the
+largest tree in England, having this year attained the age of 1002
+years, and being 52 feet in circumference, and yet retains so much
+vigour, that it bore nuts so lately as two years ago, from which young
+trees are now being raised."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> There is an 8vo. published in 1717, called the "Lady's
+Recreation," by <i>Charles</i> Evelyn, Esq. There are two letters subjoined,
+written to this author by the Rev. Mr. Lawrence. From page 103, 105, 129
+and 141, one should think this was not the son of the famous Mr. Evelyn.
+I now find, that Mr. Lawrence, in the Preface to his Kalendar, inserted
+at the end of his fifth edition, assures the public, "that the book
+called the Lady's Recreation could not be published by my approbation,
+because it was never seen by me till it was in print; besides, I have
+reason to think it was an artifice of the booksellers to impose upon the
+world, under the borrowed name of Evelyn."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> This sermon was preached for several years by Dr. Colin
+Milne, by whom it was published in 1799, and afterwards by the Rev. Mr.
+Ellis, of Merchant Taylors' School. Mr. Ellis, in his History of
+Shoreditch, gives us much information as to this bequest; in which the
+handsome conduct of Mr. Denne, a former vicar, is not the least
+interesting. Mr. Nichols, in vol. iii. of his Literary Anecdotes, bears
+testimony to Dr. Denne's feeling towards the poor and distressed, and to
+his attachment to literary pursuits. Three of these Sermons are in the
+second volume of "Thirty Sermons on Moral and Religious Subjects, by the
+Rev. W. Jones;" 2 vols. 8vo. 1790, price 16s. There are other editions
+of Mr. Jones's Sermons, viz. Rev. W. Jones, of Nayland, his Theological,
+Philosophical, and Miscellaneous Works, with Life, 12 vols. 8vo. <i>neat</i>,
+7<i>l.</i> 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> 1801. Sermons by the late Rev.
+William Jones, of Nayland, Suffolk: Chaplain to the Right Rev. George
+Horne, Bishop of Norwich; 1 vol. 8vo. with Portrait of the Author, price
+12<i>s.</i> Dove, St. John's Square, Printer, 1828. "Of this faithful servant
+of God, (the Rev. W. Jones) I can speak both from personal knowledge and
+from his writings. He was a man of quick penetration, of extensive
+learning, and the soundest piety; and he had, beyond any other man I
+ever knew, the talent of writing upon the deepest subjects to the
+plainest understandings."&mdash;<i>Bishop Horsley's Charges.</i> The Rev. Samuel
+Ayscough, of the British Museum, began, in 1790, to preach this annual
+sermon, and, I believe, continued it for fourteen years.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Mr. Ellis, of <i>Little Gaddesden</i>, in his Practical Farmer,
+8vo. 1732, thus speaks on this subject:&mdash;"What a charming sight is a
+large tree in blossom, and after that, when loaden with fruit, enough
+perhaps to make a hogshead of cyder or perry! A scene of beauty, hopes,
+and profit, and all! It may be on less than two feet diameter of ground.
+And above all, what matter of contemplation does it afford, when we let
+our thoughts descend to a single kernel of an apple or pear? And again,
+how heightened, on the beholding so great a bulk raised and preserved,
+by Omnipotent Power, from so small a body."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> The thought of planting the sides of public roads, was
+first suggested by the great <i>Sully</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> Mr. Weston, in his introduction to these Tracts, seems to
+have pleasure in recording the following anecdote of La Quintinye, from
+Harte's Essay. "The famous La Quintinie, director of the royal gardens
+in France, obtained from Louis XIV. an abbacy for his son, in one of the
+remote provinces; and going soon afterwards to make the abbot a visit,
+(who was not then settled in his apartments) he was entertained and
+lodged by a neighbouring gentleman with great friendliness and
+hospitality. La Quintinie, as was natural, soon examined the gardens of
+his host; he found the situation beautiful, and the soil excellent; but
+every thing was rude, savage, and neglected: nature had done much, art
+nothing. The guest, delighted with his friendly reception, took leave
+with regret, and some months after, sent one of the king's gardeners,
+and four under-gardeners, to the gentleman, with strict command to
+accept of no gratuity. They took possession of his little inclosure the
+moment they arrived, and having digged it many times over, they manured,
+replanted it, and left one of their number behind them, as a settled
+servant in the family. This young man was soon solicited to assist the
+neighbourhood, and filled their kitchen gardens and fruit gardens with
+the <i>best</i> productions of every kind, which are preserved and propagated
+to this very hour."
+</p><p>
+It is pleasing to enquire who Mons. de la Quintinye was. <i>Perrault</i>, in
+his <i>Hommes Illustres</i>, has given his Life, and Portrait. Dr. Gibson, in
+his Fruit Gardener, calls him "truly an original author;" and further
+pays him high compliments.
+</p><p>
+The Noveau Dict. Hist. thus speaks of him:&mdash;"Il vint &agrave; Paris se faire
+recevoir avocat. Une &eacute;loquence naturelle, cultiv&eacute;e avec so&igrave;n, le fit
+briller dans le Barreau, et lui consil&agrave; l'estime des premiers
+magistrais. Quoi qu'il eut peu de temps dont il p&ucirc;t disposer, il en
+trouvoit n&eacute;anmoins suffisament pour satisfaire la passion qu'il avoit
+pour l'agriculture. Il augmenta ses connoissances sur le jardinage, dans
+un voyage qu'il fit en Italie. De retour &agrave; Paris, il se livra tout
+entier &agrave; l'agriculture, et fit un grand nombre d'experiences curieuses
+et utiles. Le grand Prince de <i>Conde</i>, qui aimoit l'agriculture, prenoit
+une extr&eacute;me plaisir &agrave; s'entretenir avec lui; et Charles II. Roi
+d'Angleterre lui offrit une pension consid&eacute;rable pour l'attacher &agrave; la
+culture de ses Jardins, mais il refusa ses offres avantageuses par
+l'amour qu'il avoit pour sa patrie, et trouva en France les recompenses
+due &agrave; son m&eacute;rite. On a de lui un excellent livre, intitul&eacute; 'Instructions
+pour les Jardins Fruitiers et Potagers, Paris, 1725, 2 tom. 4to.' <i>et
+plusieurs Lettres sur la meme matiere</i>." Switzer, in his History of
+Gardening, says, that in Mons. de la Quintinye's "Two Voyages into
+England, he gained considerable friendship with several lords with whom
+he kept correspondence by letters till his death, and these letters,
+says Perrault, are all <i>printed at London</i>." And he afterwards says,
+speaking of Lord Capel's garden at Kew, "the greatest advance made by
+him herein, was the bringing over several sorts of fruits from France;
+and this noble lord we may suppose to be one that held for many years a
+correspondence with Mons. de la Quintinye." Such letters on such
+correspondence if ever printed, must be worth perusal.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> Lamoignon de Malherbes (that excellent man) had
+naturalized a vast number of foreign trees, and at the age of
+eighty-four, saw every where, in France, (as Duleuze observes) plants of
+his own introduction.
+</p><p>
+The old Earl of <i>Tweedale</i>, in the reign of Charles II. and his
+immediate successor, planted more than six thousand acres, in Scotland,
+with fir trees. In a Tour through Scotland, in 1753, it mentions, that
+"The county of Aberdeen is noted for its timber, having in it upwards of
+five millions of fir trees, besides vast numbers of other kinds, planted
+within these seventy years, by the gentry at and about their seats."
+</p><p>
+Mr. Marshall, in his "Planting and Rural Ornament," states, that "In
+1792, his Grace the Duke of Athol (we speak from the highest authority)
+was possessed of a thousand larch trees, then growing on his estates of
+Dunkeld and Blair only, of not less than two to four tons of timber
+each; and had, at that time, a million larches, of different sizes,
+rising rapidly on his estate."
+</p><p>
+The zeal for planting in Scotland, of late years, has been stimulated by
+the writings of James Anderson, and Lord Kames.
+</p><p>
+It is pleasing to transcribe the following paragraph from a newspaper of
+the year 1819:&mdash;"Sir Watkin Williams Wynn has planted, within the last
+five years, on the mountainous lands in the vicinity of Llangollen,
+situated from 1200 to 1400 feet above the level of the sea, 80,000 oaks,
+63,000 Spanish chesnuts, 102,000 spruce firs, 110,000 Scotch firs,
+90,000 larches, 30,000 wych elms, 35,000 mountain elms, 80,000 ash, and
+40,000 sycamores, all of which are, at this time, in a healthy and
+thriving condition." It is impossible, on this subject, to avoid paying
+a grateful respect to the memory of that bright ornament of our church,
+and literature, the late Dr. Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, whose extensive
+plantations, near Ambleside, have long since enriched that part. The
+late Richard Crawshay (surpassed by no being during the whole course of
+his very long life, for either integrity or generosity) assured the
+present writer, that during an early period of Dr. Watson's planting, he
+offered him, on the security of his note of hand only, and to be repaid
+at his own entire convenience, ten thousand pounds, and that he (with
+grateful thanks to Mr. Crawshay) refused it.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> How widely different has the liberal and classic mind of
+Dr. Alison viewed the rich pages of Mr. Whateley, in his deep and
+learned Essays on Taste, first published nearly twenty years after Mr.
+Whateley's decease. One regrets that there is no Portrait of Mr.
+Whateley. Of Dr. Alison, there is a masterly one by Sir Henry Raeburn,
+admirably engraved by W. Walker, of Edinburgh, in 1823. Perhaps it is
+one of the finest Portraits of the present day. One is happy to perceive
+marks of health expressed in his intellectually striking countenance.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> In Biographical Anecdotes, 3 vols. 8vo. appears a
+correspondence in London, with Dr. Franklin, and William Whateley, and
+Joseph Whateley, in 1774. This relates to a duel with Mr. Temple, by a
+brother of Thomas Whateley. In some of the Lives of Dr. Franklin, it
+appears, that inflammatory and ill-judged letters were written by George
+Hutchinson, and others, to <i>Thomas</i> Whateley, Esq. <i>private Secretary to
+Lord Grenville</i>, respecting some disturbances in America, concerning
+Lord Grenville's Stamp Act. On the death of Thomas, these letters were
+placed in the hands of Dr. Franklin, whose duty, as agent to the colony,
+caused him to transmit them to Boston. A quarrel arose between William
+Whateley and Mr. Temple, as to which of them gave up those letters, and
+a duel was fought. Dr. Franklin immediately cleared both those gentlemen
+from all imputation. Of the celebrated interview in the council chamber,
+between Mr. Wedderburn and Dr. Franklin, an account is given by Dr.
+Priestley, in vol. xv. page 1. of the Monthly Magazine, and which candid
+account entirely acquits Dr. Franklin from having deserved the rancorous
+political acrimony of Mr. Wedderburn, whose intemperate language is
+fully related in some of the Lives of Dr. Franklin, and in his Life,
+published and sold by G. Nicholson, <i>Stourport</i>, 12mo. price 9d. and
+which also includes Dr. Priestley's account.
+</p><p>
+Lord Chatham spoke of Franklin in the highest strain of panegyric, when
+adverting, in the year 1777, to his dissuasive arguments against the
+American war.
+</p><p>
+William Whateley was administrator of the goods and chattels of his
+brother Thomas, who, of course, died without a will.
+</p><p>
+In vol. ii. of Seward's Biog. Lit. and Political Tracts, the nineteenth
+chapter consists of his account of two <i>Political</i> Tracts, by Thomas
+Whateley, Esq. and he thus concludes this chapter:&mdash;"Mr. Whateley also
+wrote a tract on laying out pleasure grounds." In vol. iii. is an
+account of the quarrel and duel with Mr. Temple and one of the brothers.
+It appears that Thomas Whateley died in June, 1772, and left two
+brothers, William and Joseph. Thomas is called "Mr. Secretary Whately."
+</p><p>
+Debrett published "Scarce Tracts," in 4 vols. 8vo. In vol. i. is one
+called "The Budget," by D. Hartley, Esq. This same volume contains a
+reply to this, viz. "Remarks on the Budget, by Thomas Whateley, Esq.
+Secretary to the Treasury." There is also in vol. ii. another tract by
+Thomas Whateley, Esq. entitled "Considerations on the Trade and Finances
+of the Kingdom." These two pamphlets, upon subjects so very different
+from the alluring one on landscape gardening, and his unfinished one on
+Shakspeare, convinces us, what a powerful writer he would have been, had
+his life been longer spared.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> The reader will be amply gratified by perusing page 158 of
+the late Sir U. Price's well known Letter to Mr. Repton, as well as Mr.
+Morris's Observations on Water, as regards Ornamental Scenery; inserted
+in the Gardener's Magazine for May, 1827. Mr. Whateley's distinction
+between a river, a rivulet, and a rill, form, perhaps, five of the most
+seductive pages of his book. Our own Shakspeare's imagery on this
+subject, should not be overlooked:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">The current that with gentle murmur glides,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Thou know'st, being stopp'd, impatiently doth rage;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But when his fair course is not hindered,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He makes sweet music with the enamelled stones,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Giving a gentle kiss to every sedge</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">He overtaketh in his pilgrimage:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And so by many winding nooks he strays</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">With willing sport to the wild ocean.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> The benevolent mind of the marquis shines even in his
+concluding chapter; for he there wishes "to bring us back to a true
+taste for beautiful nature&mdash;to more humane and salutary regulations of
+the country&mdash;to produce the <i>moral</i> landscapes which delight the mind.
+His view of the good mother, seeing her children playing round her at
+their cottage, near the common, thus "endearing her home, and making
+even the air she breathed more delightful to her, make these sort of
+commons, to me, the most delightful of <i>English gardens</i>. The dwellings
+of the happy and peaceful husbandmen would soon rise up in the midst of
+compact farms. Can there exist a more delightful habitation for man,
+than a neat farm-house in the centre of a pleasing landscape? There
+avoiding disease and lassitude, useless expence, the waste of land in
+large and dismal parks, and above all, by preventing misery, and
+promoting happiness, we shall indeed have gained the prize of having
+united the agreeable with the useful. Perhaps, when every folly is
+exhausted, there will come a time, in which men will be so far
+enlightened as to prefer the real pleasures of nature to vanity and
+chimera."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> Perhaps it may gratify those who seek for health, by their
+attachment to gardens, to note the age that some of our English
+horticulturists have attained to:&mdash;Parkinson died at about 78;
+Tradescant, the father, died an old man; Switzer, about 80; Sir Thomas
+Browne died at 77; Evelyn, at 86; Dr. Beale, at 80; Jacob Bobart, at 85;
+Collinson, at 75; a son of Dr. Lawrence (equally fond of gardens as his
+father) at 86; Bishop Compton, at 81; Bridgman, at an advanced age;
+Knowlton, gardener to Lord Burlington, at 90; Miller, at 80; James Lee,
+at an advanced age; Lord Kames, at 86; Abercrombie, at 80; the Rev. Mr.
+Gilpin, at 80; Duncan, a gardener, upwards of 90; Hunter, who published
+<i>Sylva</i>, at 86; Speechley, at 86; Horace Walpole, at 80; Mr. Bates, the
+celebrated and ancient horticulturist of High Wickham, who died there in
+December, 1819, at the great age of 89; Marshall, at an advanced age;
+Sir Jos. Banks, at 77; Joseph Cradock, at 85; James Dickson, at 89; Dr.
+Andrew Duncan, at 83; and Sir U. Price, at 83. Mr. Loudon, at page 1063
+of his Encyclop. inform us, that a market garden, and nursery, near
+Parson's Green, had been, for upwards of two centuries, occupied by a
+family of the name of Rench; that one of them (who instituted the first
+annual exhibition of flowers) died at the age of ninety-nine years,
+having had thirty-three children; and that his son (mentioned by
+Collinson, as famous for forest trees) introduced the moss-rose, planted
+the elm trees now growing in the Bird-cage Walk, St. James's Park, from
+trees reared in his own nursery, married two wives, had thirty-five
+children, and died in 1783, in the same room in which he was born, at
+the age of a hundred and one years. Reflecting on the great age of some
+of the above, reminds me of what a "Journal Encyclop&eacute;dique" said of
+Lestiboudois, another horticulturist and botanist, who died at Lille, at
+the age of ninety, and who (for even almost in our ashes <i>live their
+wonted fires</i>) gave lectures in the very last year of his life. "When he
+had (says an ancient friend of his) but few hours more to live, he
+ordered snow-drops, violets, and crocuses, to be brought to his bed, and
+compared them with the figures in Tournefort. His whole existence had
+been consecrated to the good of the public, and to the alleviation of
+misery; thus he looked forward to his dissolution with a tranquillity of
+soul that can only result from a life of rectitude; he never acquired a
+fortune; and left no other inheritance to his children, but integrity
+and virtue."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> About eighty years previous to Hyll's Treatise on Bees,
+Rucellai, an Italian of distinction, who aspired to a cardinal's hat,
+and who laboured with zeal and taste (I am copying from De Sismondi's
+View of the Literature of the South of Europe) to render Italian poetry
+classical, or a pure imitation of the ancients, published his most
+celebrated poem on Bees. "It receives (says De Sismondi) a particular
+interest from the real fondness which Rucellai seems to have entertained
+for these creatures. There is something so sincere in his respect for
+their virgin purity, and in his admiration of the order of their
+government, that he inspires us with real interest for them. All his
+descriptions are full of life and truth."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> Ben Jonson, in his <i>Discourses</i>, gives the following
+eulogy on this illustrious author:&mdash;"No member of his speech but
+consisted of his own graces. His hearers could not cough or look aside
+from him without loss. He commanded where he spoke, and had his judges
+angry and pleased at his devotion: no man had their affections more in
+his power; the fear of every man that heard him was, lest he should make
+an end." Mr. Loudon, when treating on the study of plants, observes,
+that "This wonderful philosopher explored and developed the true
+foundations of human knowledge, with a sagacity and penetration
+unparalleled in the history of mankind." What Clement VIII. applied to
+the eight books of Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, may well apply to the
+writings of Bacon:&mdash;"there is no learning that this man hath not
+searched into. His books will get reverence by age, for there is in them
+such seeds of eternity, that they will continue till the last fire shall
+devour all learning." Monsieur Thomas, in his Eulogy of Descartes, says,
+"Bacon explored every path of human knowledge, he sat in judgment on
+past ages, and anticipated those that were to come." The reader will be
+gratified by inspecting the second volume of Mr. Malone's publication of
+Aubrey's Letters, in the Bodleian Library, as well as the richly
+decorated and entertaining Beauties of England and Wales, and Pennant's
+Tour from Chester to London, for some curious notices of the ancient
+mansion, garden, and orchard, at Gorhambury.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> The reader will be amply gratified by Mr. Johnson's review
+of the general state of horticulture at this period, in his History of
+English Gardening, and with the zeal with which he records the
+attachment of James I. and Charles, to this science; and where, in a
+subsequent chapter, he glances on the progress of our Botany, and
+proudly twines round the brows of the modest, but immortal, Ray, a most
+deserved and generous wreath.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> I subjoin a few extracts from the first book of his
+English Husbandman, 4to. 1635:&mdash;"A garden is so profitable, necessary,
+and such an ornament and grace to every house and housekeeper, that the
+dwelling-place is lame and maimed if it want that goodly limbe, and
+beauty. I do not wonder either at the worke of art, or nature, when I
+behold in a goodly, rich and fertill soyle, a garden adorned with all
+the delights and delicacies which are within man's understanding,
+because the naturall goodnesse of the earth (which not enduring to bee
+idle) will bring forth whatsoever is cast into her; but when I behold
+upon a barren, dry, and dejected earth, such as the Peake-hills, where a
+man may behold snow all summer, or on the East-mores, whose best
+herbage is nothing but mosse, and iron-stone, in such a place, I say,
+to behold a delicate, rich, and fruitful garden, it shewes great
+worthinesse in the owner, and infinite art and industry in the workeman,
+and makes mee both admire and love the begetters of such excellencies."
+</p><p>
+And again,&mdash;"For the situation of the garden-plot for pleasure, you
+shall understand, that it must ever bee placed so neare unto the
+dwelling-house as it is possible, both because the eye of the owner may
+be a guard and support from inconveniences, as all that the especial
+roomes and prospects of the house may be adorned, perfumed, and inriched
+with the delicate proportions, odoriferous smells, and wholesome airs
+which shall ascend and vaporate from the same."
+</p><p>
+He then gives a variety of cuts of knots and mazes, and labyrinths, of
+which he observes, that "many other adornations and beautifyings there
+are, which belong to the setting forth of a curious garden, but for as
+much as none are more rare or more esteemed than these I have set down,
+being the best ornaments of the best gardens of this kingdome, I think
+them tastes sufficient for every husbandman or other of better quality,
+which delighteth in the beauty, and well trimming of his ground." He
+thus remarks:&mdash;"as in the composition of a delicate woman, the grace of
+her cheeke is the mixture of red and white, the wonder of her eye blacke
+and white, and the beauty of her hand blew and white, any of which is
+not said to be beautifull if it consist of single or simple colours; and
+so in these walkes or alleyes the all greene, nor the all yellow cannot
+be said to bee most beautifull, but the greene and yellow, (that is to
+say, the untroade grasse, and the well knit gravell) being equally mixt,
+give the eye both luster and delight beyond all comparison."
+</p><p>
+His description of the following flower is singular: "<i>The Crowne
+Emperiall</i>, is, of all flowers, both forraigne and home-bred, the
+delicatest, and strangest: it hath the true shape of an imperiall
+crowne, and will be of divers colours, according to the art of the
+gardener. In the middest of the flower you shall see a round pearle
+stand, in proportion, colour, and orientnesse, like a true naturall
+pearle, only it is of a soft liquid substance: this pearle, if you shake
+the flower never so violently, will not fall off, neyther if you let it
+continue never so long, will it eyther encrease or diminish in the
+bignesse, but remaineth all one: yet if with your finger you take and
+wipe it away, in less than an hour after you shall have another arise in
+the same place, and of the same bignesse. This pearle, if you taste it
+upon your tongue, is pleasant, and sweet like honey: this flower when
+the sunne ariseth, you shall see it looke directly to the east, with the
+stalk bent lowe thereunto, and as the sunne ariseth higher and higher,
+so the flower will likewise ascend, and when the sunne is come into the
+meridian or noone poynt, which is directly over it, then will it stand
+upright upon the stalke, and looke directly upward, and as the sunne
+declineth, so will it likewise decline, and at the sunne setting looke
+directly to the west only."
+</p><p>
+His mention of another flower is attractive:&mdash;"Now for your <i>Wall
+Gilliflower</i>, it delighteth in hard rubbish, limy, and stony grounds,
+whence it commeth they covet most to grow upon walls, pavements, and
+such like barraine places. It may be sowen in any moneth or season, for
+it is a seed of that hardness, that it makes no difference betwixt
+winter and summer, but will flourish in both equally, and beareth his
+flowers all the yeere, whence it comes that the husbandman preserves it
+most in his <i>bee-garden</i>, for it is <i>wondrous sweet</i>, and affordeth much
+honey. It would be sowen in very small quantity, for after it hath once
+taken roote, it will naturally of itself overspread much ground, and
+hardly ever after be rooted out. It is of itselfe of so exceeding a
+strong, and <i>sweet smell</i>, that it cannot be forced to take any other,
+and therefore is ever preserved in its owne nature."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> Mr. Loudon, in his Encycl. of Gardening, fondly reviews
+the taste for flowers which pervaded most ranks during the time of
+Elizabeth, and Evelyn.
+</p><p>
+The <i>Spectacle de la Nature</i>, of which we have a translation in 1740,
+has a richly diffuse chapter on flowers. I here transcribe a small part
+thereof:&mdash;
+</p><p>
+<i>Prior.</i> "The beauty of flowers never fails to inspire us with joy; and
+when we have sufficiently examined the fairest, we are sensible they are
+only proper to refresh the sight; and, indeed, the prospect they afford
+is so touching, and we experience their power to be so effectual, that
+the generality of those arts which are ambitious to please, seem most
+successful when they borrow their assistance. Sculpture imitates them in
+its softest ornaments; architecture bestows the embellishments of leaves
+and festoons on those columns and fronts, which would otherwise be too
+naked. The richest embroideries are little more than foliage and
+flowers; the most magnificent silks are almost covered with these
+charming forms, and are thought beautiful, in proportion as they
+resemble the lively tinge of natural flowers.
+</p><p>
+"These have always been the symbols, or representations of joy; they
+were formerly the inseparable ornaments of feasts, and are still
+introduced with applause, toward the close of our entertainments, when
+they are brought in with the fruit, to enliven the festival that begins
+to languish. And they are so peculiarly adapted to scenes of pleasure,
+that they are always considered as inconsistent with mourning. Decency,
+informed by nature, never admits them into those places where tears and
+affliction are predominant.
+</p><p>
+<i>Countess.</i> "The festivals in the country are never celebrated without
+garlands, and the entertainments of the polite are ushered in by a
+flower. If the winter denies them that gratification, they have recourse
+to art. A young bride, in all the magnificence of her nuptial array,
+would imagine she wanted a necessary part of her ornaments, if she did
+not improve them with a sprig of flowers. A queen, amidst the greatest
+solemnities, though she is covered with the jewels of the crown, has an
+inclination to this rural ornament; she is not satisfied with mere
+grandeur and majesty, but is desirous of assuming an air of softness and
+gaiety, by the mediation of flowers.
+</p><p>
+<i>Prior.</i> "Religion itself, with all its simplicity and abstraction, and
+amidst the abhorrence it professes to theatrical pomp, which rather
+tends to dissipate the heart, than to inspire it with a due reverence
+for sacred mysteries, and a sensibility of human wants, permits some of
+its festivals to be celebrated with boughs, and chaplets of flowers."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> In his Diary is the following entry:&mdash;"1658, 27 Jan. After
+six fits of an ague, died my son Richard, five years and three days old
+onely, but, at that tender age, a prodigy for witt and understanding;
+for beauty of body, a very angel; for endowment of mind, of incredible
+and rare hopes. He was all life, all prettinesse. What shall I say of
+his frequent pathetical ejaculations uttered of himselfe: <i>Sweete Jesus,
+save me, deliver me, pardon my sins, let thine angels receive me!</i> So
+early knowledge, so much piety and perfection! Such a child I never saw!
+for such a child I blesse God in whose bosome he is!"
+</p><p>
+Nanteuil's portrait is prefixed to his <i>Sylva</i>, 1664; and a fine copy of
+the same, by Bartolozzi, is prefixed to Hunter's <i>Sylva</i>. Worlidge
+engraved a fine portrait of him, prefixed to his <i>Sculptura</i>. Gaywood
+engraved his portrait for the translation of <i>Lucretius</i>. In Walpole's
+Anecdotes is his portrait, by Bannerman.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> In "A Picturesque Promenade round Dorking," are selected
+many interesting particulars of Mr. Evelyn.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Essex lost his head for having said that Elizabeth grew
+old and cankered, and that her mind was as crooked as her carcase.
+Perhaps the beauty of Mary galled Elizabeth.
+</p><p>
+The Quarterly Review of July, 1828, thus remarks:&mdash;"When Elizabeth's
+wrinkles waxed many, it is reported that an unfortunate master of the
+Mint incurred disgrace, by a too faithful shilling; the die was broken,
+and only one mutilated impression is now in existence. Her maids of
+honour took the hint, and were thenceforth careful that no fragment of a
+looking glass should remain in any room of the palace. In fact, the
+lion-hearted lady had not heart to look herself in the face for the last
+twenty years of her life."
+</p><p>
+It seems that Elizabeth was fond of executions. She loved Essex, of all
+men, best; and yet the same axe which murdered Anne Bulleyn, was used to
+revenge herself on him. The bloody task took three strokes, which so
+enraged the multitude, (who loved Essex) that they would have torn the
+executioner to pieces, had not the soldiers prevented them. Mr. Hutton,
+in his "Journey to London," observes, that "their vengeance ought to
+have been directed against the person who caused him to use it." What
+her reflections were on these two bloody acts when on her death-bed, we
+scarcely know. A modern writer on horticulture, nearly concludes a very
+pleasing work, by enumerating (with slight historical notices) the
+several plants cultivated in our gardens. He thus concludes his account
+of one:&mdash;"Queen Elizabeth, in her last illness, eat little but Succory
+Pottage." Mr. Loudon says it is used "as a fodder for cattle." The
+French call it Chicoree <i>sauvage</i>. Her taste must have been something
+like her heart. Poor Mary eat no supper the night previous to <i>her</i> last
+illness. Had it been possible for Elizabeth to have read those pages of
+Robertson, which paint the long succession of calamities which befel
+Mary, and the insolence and brutality she received from Darnley, and
+which so eloquently plead for her frailties, perhaps even these pages
+would not have softened her bloody disposition, which she seems to have
+inherited from that insolent monster, her father. "Mary's sufferings
+(says this enchanting historian) exceed, both in degree and duration,
+those tragical distresses which fancy has feigned, to excite sorrow and
+commiseration; and while we survey them, we are apt altogether to forget
+her frailties; we think of her faults with less indignation, and approve
+of our tears as if they were shed for a person who had attained much
+nearer to pure virtue. With regard to the queen's person, all
+contemporary authors agree in ascribing to Mary the utmost beauty of
+countenance, and elegance of shape, of which the human form is capable.
+Her hair was black, though, according to the fashion of that age, she
+frequently borrowed locks, and of different colours. Her eyes were a
+dark grey; her complexion was exquisitely fine, and her hands and arms
+remarkably delicate, both as to shape and colour. Her stature was of an
+height that rose to the majestic. She danced, she walked, and she rode
+with equal grace. She sung, and played upon the lute with uncommon
+skill."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> I will merely give this brief extract as one out of many
+of great force and beauty, from his <i>Salmonia</i>:&mdash;"If we look with wonder
+upon the great remains of human works, such as the columns of Palmyra,
+broken in the midst of the desert, the temples of P&aelig;stum, beautiful in
+the decay of twenty centuries, or the mutilated fragments of Greek
+sculpture in the Acropolis of Athens, or in our own Museum, as proofs of
+the genius of artists, and power and riches of nations now past away,
+with how much deeper feeling of admiration must we consider those grand
+monuments of nature, which mark the revolutions of the globe; continents
+broken into islands; one land produced, another destroyed; the bottom of
+the ocean become a fertile soil; whole races of animals extinct; and the
+bones and exuvi&aelig; of one class covered with the remains of another, and
+upon the graves of past generations&mdash;the marble or rocky tomb, as it
+were, of a former animated world&mdash;new generations rising, and order and
+harmony established, and a system of life and beauty produced, as it
+were, out of chaos and death; proving the infinite power, wisdom, and
+goodness, of the <span class="smcap">GREAT CAUSE OF ALL BEING</span>!" I must trespass on my
+reader, by again quoting from <i>Salmonia</i>:&mdash;"I envy no quality of the
+mind or intellect in others; not genius, power, wit, or fancy; but if I
+could choose what would be most delightful, and I believe most useful to
+me, I should prefer <i>a firm religious belief</i> to every other blessing;
+for it makes life a discipline of goodness&mdash;creates new hopes, when all
+earthly hopes vanish; and throws over the decay, the destruction of
+existence, the most gorgeous of lights; awakens life even in death, and
+from corruption and decay calls up beauty and divinity: makes an
+instrument of torture and of shame the ladder of ascent to Paradise;
+and, far above all combinations of earthly hopes, calls up the most
+delightful visions of palms and amaranths, the gardens of the blest, the
+security of everlasting joys, where the sensualist and the sceptic view
+only gloom, decay, annihilation, and despair!"</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> In this delightful essay, he says, "the most exquisite
+delights of sense are pursued, in the contrivance and plantation of
+gardens, which, with fruits, flowers, shades, fountains, and the music
+of birds that frequent such happy places, seem to furnish all the
+pleasures of the several senses."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening,
+admirably confirms this conflagration argument, by quoting the opinion
+or testimony of the celebrated Go&euml;the.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> To this interesting subject is devoted, a part of Mr.
+Loudon's concise and luminous review "Of the Rise, Progress, and Present
+State of Gardening in the British Isles;" being chapter iv. of his
+Encyclop&aelig;dia.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> Perhaps there are few pages that more awfully paint the
+sacredness of this spot, than page 36 in the fifth edition of Dr.
+Alison's Essays on Taste.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> I do not mean to apply to the hospitable table of this
+reverend gentleman, the lines of Peter Pindar:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">One cut from <i>venison</i>, to the heart can speak,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stronger than ten quotations from the <i>Greek</i>.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> I cannot prevent myself from quoting a very small portion
+of the animated address of another clergyman, the Rev. J. G. Morris, as
+chairman to the Wakefield Horticultural Society. I am certain each one
+of my readers will blame me for not having inserted the whole of this
+eloquent appeal. I copy it from the Gardener's Magazine for August,
+1828:&mdash;"Conscious that I possessed no qualifications to fit me for the
+task, and feeling that it ill became me to assume it, as I am as yet
+nearly a stranger amongst you; aware, too, that I should be surrounded
+by individuals so much more eligible, inasmuch as they are eminently
+gifted with botanical science and practical knowledge, the result of
+their horticultural pursuits and facilities, of which I am quite devoid;
+I wished and begged to decline the proffered honour. It appears,
+however, that my entreaties are not listened to, and that your kindness
+and partiality persist in selecting for your chairman one so inadequate
+to the situation. Gentlemen, I take the chair with much diffidence; but
+I will presume to say, that, in the absence of other qualities, I bring
+with me a passionate love for plants and flowers, for the sweets and
+beauties of the garden, and no inconsiderable fondness for its more
+substantial productions. Gardening, as a recreation and relaxation from
+severer studies and more important avocations, has exquisite charms for
+me; and I am ready, with old <i>Gerarde</i>, to confess, that 'the principal
+delight is in the mind, singularly enriched with the knowledge of these
+visible things; setting forth to us the invisible wisdom and admirable
+workmanship of Almighty God.' With such predilections, you will easily
+give me credit, gentlemen, for participating with this assembly in the
+sincerest wishes for the complete and permanent establishment of a
+society amongst us, whose object shall be to promote, in the surrounding
+district, the introduction of different sorts of flowers, culinary
+vegetables, fruits, improved culture and management generally, and <i>a
+taste</i> for botany as a science. These are pursuits, gentlemen, combining
+at once health and innocence, pleasure and utility. Wakefield and its
+vicinity appear to possess facilities for the accomplishment of such a
+project, inferior to no district within this great palatinate, indeed,
+little inferior to any in the kingdom. The country is beautiful and
+charmingly varied, and, from the diversity of soil, suited to varied
+productions; the whole thickly interspersed with seats and villas of
+persons of opulence, possessing their conservatories, hot-houses, and
+stoves, their orchards, flower and kitchen gardens: whilst few towns can
+boast (as Wakefield can) of so many gardens within its enclosure,
+cultivated with so much assiduity and skill, so much taste and deserved
+success. Seven years ago, I had the honour to originate a similar
+project in Preston, in Lancashire, and with the happiest success. In
+that borough, possessing far less advantages than Wakefield offers, a
+horticultural society was established, which, in its four annual
+meetings, assembles all the rank and fashion of a circuit of more than
+ten miles, and numbers more than a hundred and twenty subscribers to its
+funds. Those who have not witnessed the interesting sight, can form but
+a faint idea of the animating scene which is presented in a spacious and
+handsome room, tastefully adorned with the choicest exotics from various
+conservatories, and the more choice, because selected with a view to
+competition: decorated with the varied beauties of the parterre, vieing
+with each other in fragrance, hue, and delicacy of texture; whilst the
+tables groan under the weight of delicious fruits and rare vegetables in
+endless variety, the joint produce of hot-houses, stoves, orchards, and
+kitchen gardens. Figure to yourselves, gentlemen, this elysium, graced
+by some hundreds of our fair countrywomen, an absolute galaxy of
+animated beauty, and that music lends its aid, and you will agree with
+me that a more fascinating treat could hardly be devised. New flowers,
+new fruits, recent varieties of those of long standing and established
+character for excellence, are thus introduced, in lieu of those whose
+inferiority is no longer doubtful. New culinary vegetables, or, from
+superior treatment or mode of culture, rendered more salubrious and of
+exquisite flavour, will load the stalls of our market-gardeners. I call
+upon you, then, gentlemen, for your zealous support. Say not that you
+have no gardens, or that your gardens are inconsiderable, or that you
+are no cultivators; you are all interested in having good and delicious
+fruits, nutritious and delicate culinary vegetables, and in procuring
+them at a reasonable rate, which will be the results of improved and
+successful cultivation. At our various exhibitions, let each contribute
+that in which he excels, and our object will be attained. Gentlemen, I
+fear I have trespassed too long on your patience and indulgence. I will
+just urge one more motive for your warm support of our intended society;
+it is this: that, by diffusing a love of plants and gardening, you will
+materially contribute to the comfort and happiness of the laborious
+classes; for the pleasure taken in such pursuits forms an
+unexceptionable relaxation from the toils of business, and every hour
+thus spent is subtracted from the ale-house and other haunts of idleness
+and dissipation."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> In the grounds of <i>Hagley</i>, were once inscribed these
+lines:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Here Pope!&mdash;ah, never must that tow'ring mind</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">To his loved haunts, or dearer friend return;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">What art, what friendships! oh! what fame resign'd:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">In yonder glade I trace his mournful urn.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> At Holm-Lacey is preserved a sketch, in crayons, by Pope,
+(when on a visit there) of Lord Strafford by Vandyke. It is well known
+that Pope painted Betterton in oil colours, and gave it to Lord
+Mansfield. The noble lord regretted the loss of this memorial, when his
+house was consumed at the time of the disgraceful and ignorant riots.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> Sir Joshua Reynolds used to tell the following anecdote
+relative to Pope.&mdash;"When Reynolds was a young man, he was present at an
+auction of very scarce pictures, which attracted a great crowd of
+<i>connoisseurs</i> and others; when, in the moment of a very interesting
+piece being put up, Mr. Pope entered the room. All was in an instant,
+from a scene of confusion and bustle, a dead calm. The auctioneer, as if
+by instinct, suspended his hammer. The audience, to an individual, as if
+by the same impulse, rose up to receive the poet; and did not resume
+their seats till he had reached the upper end of the room."
+</p><p>
+A similar honour was paid to the Abb&eacute; Raynal, whose reputation was such,
+that the Speaker of the House of Commons observing <i>him</i> among the
+spectators, suspended the business of the house till he had seen the
+eloquent historian placed in a more commodious seat. It is painful to
+relate, that this powerful writer, and good man, who narrowly escaped
+the guillotine, expired in a garret, in extreme poverty, at the age of
+eighty-four; the only property he left being one assignat of fifty
+livres, worth not threepence in ready money. Perhaps one might have
+applied the following anecdote (told by Dr. Drake in his Literary Hours)
+to Abb&eacute; Raynal:&mdash;"A respectable character, having long figured in the
+gay world at Paris, was at length compelled to live in an obscure
+retreat in that city, the victim of severe misfortunes. He was so
+indigent, that he subsisted only on an allowance from the parish. Every
+week bread was sent to him sufficient for his support, and yet at
+length, he demanded more. On this the curate sent for him. 'Do you live
+alone?' said the curate. 'With whom, sir, is it possible I should live?
+I am wretched, since I thus solicit charity, and am abandoned by all the
+world.' 'But, sir, if you live alone, why do you ask for more bread than
+is sufficient for yourself?' The other at last, with great reluctance,
+confessed that he had a dog. The curate desired him to observe, that he
+was only the distributor of the bread that belonged to the poor, and
+that it was absolutely necessary that he should dispose of his dog. 'Ah,
+sir!' exclaimed the poor man, weeping, 'and if I lose my dog, who is
+there then to love me?' The good pastor took his purse, and giving it to
+him, 'take this, sir,' said he; 'this is mine&mdash;this I <i>can</i> give.'"</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> How applicable are Gray's lines to Lord Byron himself,
+now!
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Can storied urn or animated bust</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Can honour's voice provoke the silent dust,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Or flatt'ry soothe the dull cold ear of death?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Perhaps in this <i>neglected</i> spot is laid</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire!&mdash;</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> Mr. Bowles, in some stanzas written since the death of
+Byron, thus feelingly apostrophizes his noble spirit:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">But I will bid th' Arcadian cypress wave,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Pluck the green laurel from Peneus' side,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">And pray thy spirit may such quiet have</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">That not one thought unkind be murmur'd o'er thy grave.</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> Perhaps one motive (no doubt there were numberless others)
+that <i>might</i> have induced Mr. Mason thus to honour the memory of Pope,
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">&mdash;&mdash;<i>letting cold tears bedew his silver urn</i>,</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+<i>might</i> have been from the recollection of his attachment to what
+equally charmed Mr. Mason&mdash;the love of gardens.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> I know not whether Milton's portrait should have been here
+noticed. In a note to the eloquent, the talented, and graceful "Discours
+d'Installation, prononc&eacute; par M. le Vicomte H. de Thury, pr&eacute;sident de la
+Soci&eacute;t&eacute; d'Horticulture de Paris," it is beautifully observed, that
+"Personne n'a mieux d&eacute;crit ce delicieux jardin que Milton. Les Anglais
+regardent comme le type de tous les jardins paysagers, et pittoresques,
+la description que fait Milton du jardin d'Eden, et qui atteste que se
+sublime geni&eacute; &egrave;toit &eacute;galement po&euml;te, peintre et paysagiste." As I have
+sought for the portraits of Mr. George Mason, and of Mr. Whateley, and
+have noticed those of Launcelot Brown, and Mr. Walpole, Mr. Cradock, M.
+R. P. Knight and Sir U. Price, who were all <i>paysagists</i>; surely our
+great and severe republican was one.
+</p><p>
+The Prince de Ligne speaks thus of Milton:&mdash;"les vers enchanteurs de ce
+Roi des po&euml;tes, et des <i>jardiniers</i>.
+</p><p>
+I do not know that every one will agree with Switzer in the concluding
+part of what he says of Milton, in the History of Gardening, prefixed to
+his Iconologia:&mdash;"But although things were in this terrible combustion,
+we must not omit the famous Mr. John Milton, one of Cromwell's
+Secretaries; who, by his excellent and never-to-be-equalled poem of
+Paradise Lost, has particularly distinguished gardening, by taking that
+for his theme; and shows, that though his eyes deprived him of the
+benefit of seeing, yet his mind was wonderfully moved with the
+philosophy, innocence, and beauty of this employ; his books, though
+mixed with other subjects, being a kind of a philosophical body of
+gardening, as well as divinity. Happy man! <i>had his pen been employed on
+no other subject</i>."
+</p><p>
+It must be needless reminding my reader, that Mr. Walpole's powerful pen
+has taken care that our mighty poet, (who "on evil days, though fallen,
+and with darkness and solitude compassed round,") shall not be
+<i>defrauded of half his glory</i>.
+</p><p>
+It is gratifying to remark, that an edition of Paradise Lost is now
+announced for publication, in which the zeal of its spirited proprietors
+has determined, that every word shall be printed in letters of gold. The
+sanction of some of our most distinguished divines, and men of high
+rank, evince the pride with which we all acknowledge the devout zeal and
+mighty powers of the blind poet.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Mr. Garrick's fondness for ornamental gardening, induced
+him finely to catch at this invention, in his inimitable performance of
+Lord Chalkstone.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> Dr. Pulteney relates this anecdote of Mr. Miller: "He was
+the only person I ever knew who remembered to have seen Mr. Ray. I shall
+not easily forget the pleasure that enlightened his countenance, it so
+strongly expressed the <i>Virgilium tantum vidi</i>, when, in speaking of
+that revered man, he related to me that incident of his youth." I regret
+that Mr. Ray only meditated a work to have been entitled <i>Horti</i> Angli&aelig;.
+Had he written it, I should have felt a singular pride in introducing
+his valued name in the present imperfect volume.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> The generous minded reader will be gratified by referring
+to the kind tribute, paid to the memory of Shenstone, by Mr. Loudon, at
+p. 76 of his Encyclop&aelig;dia. Of this Encyclop&aelig;dia, Mr. Johnson, in his
+History of Gardening, thus speaks:&mdash;"Taken as a whole, it is the most
+complete book of gardening ever published;"&mdash;and that, with the
+exception of chymistry, "every art and science, at all illustrative of
+gardening, are made to contribute their assistance."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> In his "Unconnected Thoughts" he admires the <i>Oak</i>, for
+"its majestic appearance, the rough grandeur of its bark, and the wide
+protection of its branches: a large, branching, aged oak, is, perhaps,
+the most venerable of all inanimate objects."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> Tea was the favourite beverage of Dr. Johnson. When Hanway
+pronounced his anathema against it, Johnson rose in defence of it,
+declaring himself "in that article a hardened sinner, having for years
+diluted my meals with the infusion of that fascinating plant; my
+tea-kettle has had no time to cool; with tea I have solaced the midnight
+hour, and with tea welcomed the morning." Mr. Pennant was a great lover
+of tea; a hardy honest Welch parson, on hearing that he usually retired
+in the afternoon to his summer-house to enjoy that beverage, was moved
+with indignation, that any thing weaker than ale or wine should be drunk
+there; and calling to mind the good hunting times of old, passionately
+exclaimed, "his father would have scorned it."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> Sir Uvedale thus expresses his own sensations when viewing
+some of these plantations:&mdash;"The inside fully answers to the dreary
+appearance of the outside; of all dismal scenes it seems to me the most
+likely for a man to hang himself in; he would, however, find some
+difficulty in the execution, for amidst the endless multitude of stems,
+there is rarely a single side branch to which a rope could be fastened.
+The whole wood is a collection of tall naked poles.... Even its gloom is
+without solemnity; it is only dull and dismal; and what light there is,
+like that of hell,
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Serves only to discover scenes of woe,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Regions of sorrow, doleful shades.</i>"</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> This observation confirms what Sir U. Price so pointedly
+enforces throughout the whole of his causticly sportive letter to Mr.
+Repton: "that the best landscape painters would be the best landscape
+gardeners, were they to turn their minds to the practical part;
+consequently, a study of their works, the most useful study to an
+improver."&mdash;And that "Van Huysum would be a much better judge of the
+merits and defects of the most dressed scene&mdash;of a mere flower
+garden,&mdash;than a gardener."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> Mr. Browne was not an author; yet the title of the present
+volume is "On the Portraits of English <i>Authors</i> on Gardening." Neither
+was old Bridgman nor Kent <i>authors</i> on this subject; still I could not
+prevail on myself to pass over such names in total silence.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Mr. Clive resided at Moreton-Say, near Market-Drayton. He
+was a prebend of Westminster. Integrity marked every action of his life.
+In his village, scarcely a poor man existed. His kindness and
+benevolence to the poor, could only be equalled by his friendly
+hospitality and kind feeling to the more affluent in his neighbourhood:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Thy works, and alms, and all thy good endeavour,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Follow thee up to joy and bliss for ever.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+Miss Seward thus concludes one of her letters to him:&mdash;"I wish none were
+permitted to enter the lists of criticism but those who feel poetic
+beauty as keenly as yourself, and who have the same generous desire that
+others should feel it." I mention Mr. Clive with gratitude, from a
+recollection of kindnesses received from him at a very early period of
+my life, and which were of such a nature, as could not fail to animate
+the mind of a young man to studious exertions. Archdeacon Plimley (now
+the truly venerable Archdeacon Corbet, and who has been so long an
+honour to his native county), in his Agricultural Survey of Shropshire,
+respectfully introduces Mr. Clive's name; and when he addressed his
+charge to the diocese of Hereford, in 1793, one really cannot but apply
+to Mr. Clive, what he so eloquently enforces in that charge to each
+clergyman:&mdash;"to cultivate a pure spirit within their own bosoms; to be
+in every instance the right-hand neighbour to each parishioner; their
+private adviser, their public monitor, their example in christian
+conduct, their joy in health, their consolation in sickness." In the
+same vault with Mr. Archdeacon Clive, lies buried Robert Lord Clive,
+conqueror of <i>Plassy</i>: on whose death appeared these extempore lines, by
+a man of distinction, a friend to Lord Clive:&mdash;
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Life's a surface, slippery, glassy,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Whereon tumbled Clive of Plassy;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">All the wealth the east could give,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Brib'd not death to let him live:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">There's no distinction in the grave</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">'Twixt the nabob and the slave.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>
+His lordship's death, in 1774, was owing to the same cause which
+hastened that of the most worthy of men, Sir Samuel Romilly&mdash;from
+shattered and worn out nerves;&mdash;from severe study in the latter, and
+from the burning climate of the east in the former. Had Lord Clive lived
+a few years longer, he would have enriched the whole neighbourhood round
+his native spot. His vigorous, ardently-gifted, and penetrating mind,
+projected plantations and other improvements, that could only have been
+conceived by such minds as Olivier de Serres, or by Sully, or by our own
+Evelyn. He was in private life beloved. He was generous, social and
+friendly; and if ever charity to the poor warmed the breast of any
+mortal, it warmed that of Lord Clive. Few men had more kind affections
+than Lord Clive.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> The following passage from a favourite book of Dr.
+Darwin's, (the System of Nature, by Linn&aelig;us) will well apply to that
+searching and penetrating mind, which so strongly possessed him through
+life.&mdash;"How small a part of the great works of nature is laid open to
+our eyes, and how many things are going on in secret which we know
+nothing of! How many things are there which this age first was
+acquainted with! How many things that we are ignorant of will come to
+light when all memory of us shall be no more! for nature does not at
+once reveal all her secrets. We are apt to look on ourselves as already
+admitted into the sanctuary of her temple; we are still only in the
+porch." How full of grace, of tenderness, and passion, is that elegy,
+which he composed the night he feared a life he so passionately loved
+(Mrs. Pole, of Radburn,) was in imminent danger, and when he dreamed she
+was dead:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Stretch'd on her sable bier, the grave beside,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">A snow-white shroud her breathless bosom bound,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">O'er her white brow the <i>mimic lace</i> was tied,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And loves, and virtues, hung their garlands round.</span><br />
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">From these cold lips did softest accents flow?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Round that pale mouth did sweetest dimples play?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">On this dull cheek the rose of beauty blow,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">And those dim eyes diffuse celestial rays?</span><br />
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">Did this cold hand unasking want relieve,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">Or wake the lyre to every rapturous sound?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">How sad, for other's woes, this breast could heave!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">How light this heart, for other's transport, bound!</span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> It was at this period of his residence at Lichfield, that
+the present writer heard him strongly enforce the cultivation of
+<i>papaver somniferum</i>. What he may have also enforced to others, may
+possibly have given rise to some of those ingenious papers on its
+cultivation, which are inserted not only in the Transactions of the
+Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce; in
+other publications, but in the first and fifth volumes of the Memoirs of
+the Caledonian Horticultural Society. The papers of Mr. Ball and Mr.
+Jones, on its cultivation, in the former of these transactions, are
+particularly diffuse and valuable. They are fully noticed in Dr.
+Thornton's "Family Herbal." The subjoined plate is a copy of that in the
+title page to "<i>Opiologia</i>, ou traict&eacute; concernant le naturel propriet&eacute;s,
+vraye preparation, et seur vsage de l'opium," a favourite volume with
+Dr. Darwin, printed at <i>la Haye</i>, 1614, 12mo. Dr. Darwin, in his
+Botanical Garden, thus speaks of opium: "the finest opium is procured by
+wounding the heads of large poppies with a three-edged knife, and tying
+muscle-shells to them, to catch the drops. In small quantities it
+exhilirates the mind, raises the passions, and invigorates the body; in
+large ones, it is succeeded by intoxication, languor, stupor, and
+death."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> <i>Sterne</i> mentions a traveller who always set out with the
+spleen and jaundice,&mdash;"without one generous connection, or pleasurable
+anecdote to tell of,&mdash;travelling straight on, looking neither to his
+right hand or his left, lest love or pity should seduce him out of the
+road." Mr. Loudon seems to be a very different kind of a traveller: for
+his horticultural spirit and benevolent views, pervade almost every page
+of his late tour through <i>Bavaria</i>. One envies his feelings, too, in
+another rural excursion, through the romantic scenery of <i>Bury</i>, at Mr.
+Barclay's, and of Mr. Hope's at <i>Deepdene</i>; and particularly when he
+paints his own emotions on viewing the room of sculpture there. He even
+could not, in October last, take his rural ride from <i>Edgware</i> to <i>St.
+Alban's</i> without thus awakening in each traveller a love of gardens, and
+giving this gentle hint to an honest landlord:&mdash;"A new inn, in the
+outskirts of <i>St. Alban's</i>, in the <i>Dunstable</i> road, has an ample
+garden, not made the most of. Such a piece of ground, and a gardener of
+taste, would give an inn, so situated, so great a superiority, that
+<i>every one would be tempted to stop there</i>; but the garden of this
+Boniface, exhibits but the beginning of a good idea." When travelling
+along our English roads, his mind no doubt frequently reverts to those
+road-side gardens in the Netherlands, which he thus happily adverts to
+in p. 32 of his Encyclop&aelig;dia: "The gardens of the cottagers in these
+countries, are undoubtedly better managed and more productive than those
+of any other country; no man who has a cottage is without a garden
+attached; often small, but rendered useful to a poor family, by the high
+degree of culture given to it." Linn&aelig;us, in his eloquent oration at
+Upsal, enforces the pleasure of travelling in one's own country, through
+its fields <i>and roads</i>. Mr. Heath, the zealous and affectionate
+historian of Monmouth, in his account of that town and its romantic
+neighbourhood, (published in 1804,) omits no opportunity of noticing the
+many neat gardens, which add to the other rural charms of its rich
+scenery, thus mentions another Boniface:&mdash;"The late Thomas Moxley, who
+kept the public-house at Manson Cross, was a person that took great
+delight in fruit-trees, and had a large piece of ground let him, for the
+purpose of planting it with apple-trees; but his death (which followed
+soon after) prevented the plan from being carried to the extent he
+intended, though some of the land bears evidence of his zeal and
+labour." Mr. Heath cannot even travel on the turnpike road, from
+Monmouth to Hereford, without benevolently remarking, that "a number of
+laborious families have erected small tenements, with a garden to each,
+most of which are thickly planted with apple-trees, whose produce
+considerably adds to the owner's support."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> Of this celebrated biographer of Dr. Darwin (whose Verses
+to the Memory of Mr. Garrick, and whose Monody on Captain Cook, will
+live as long as our language is spoken,) Sir W. Scott thus describes his
+first personal interview with:&mdash;"Miss Seward, when young, must have been
+exquisitely beautiful; for, in advanced age, the regularity of her
+features, the fire and expression of her countenance, gave her the
+appearance of beauty, and almost of youth. Her eyes were auburn, of the
+precise shade and hue of her hair, and possessed great expression. In
+reciting, or in speaking with animation, they appeared to become darker;
+and, as it were, to flash fire. I should have hesitated to state the
+impression which this peculiarity made upon me at the time, had not my
+observation been confirmed by that of the first actress of this or any
+other age, with whom I lately happened to converse on our deceased
+friend's expressive powers of countenance."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> From one of these pleasing sermons I extract these few
+lines:&mdash;"Among the most pleasing sights of a country village, is that of
+a father and mother, followed by their family of different ages, issuing
+from their little dwelling on a Sunday morning, as the bell tolls to
+church. The children, with their ruddy, wholesome looks, are all neat
+and clean. Their behaviour at church shews what an impression their
+parents have given them of the holiness of the place, and of the duties
+they have to perform. Though unregarded, as they return home, by their
+richer neighbours, they carry back with them to their humble cottage the
+blessing of God.&mdash;Pious parents! lead on your children from church to
+heaven. You are in the right road. Your heavenly father sees your
+hearts."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> Mr. Cradock published in 8vo. in 1777, price 2s. 6d. an
+account of some of the most remarkable places in North Wales.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> Mons. de Voltaire was so charmed with the taste and
+talents, and polite engaging manners of La Fage, that he paid him the
+following compliment; which may very justly be applied to Mr. Cradock:
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Il re&ccedil;ut deux presens des Dieux,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>Les plus charmans qu'ils puissent faire;</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>L'un &eacute;toit le talent de plaire,</i></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>L'autre le secret d'&ecirc;tre heureux.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> The Quarterly Review for April, 1821, observes, that "The
+total number of exotics, introduced into this country, appears to be
+11,970, of which the first forty-seven species, including the orange,
+apricot, pomegranate, &amp;c. were introduced previously or during the reign
+of Henry VIII., and no fewer than 6756 in the reign of George III. For
+this proud accession to our exotic botany in the last century, the
+public are chiefly indebted to Sir Joseph Banks, and Messrs. Lee and
+Kennedy, of the Hammersmith nursery."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> The invocation to this Vale, reminds one of Mr. Repton's
+description:&mdash;"Downton Vale, near Ludlow, one of the most beautiful and
+romantic valleys that the imagination can conceive. It is impossible by
+description to convey an idea of its natural charms, or to do justice to
+that taste which has displayed these charms to the greatest advantage,
+</p><p><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1.5em;"><i>With art clandestine, and conceal'd design.</i></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A narrow, wild, and natural path, sometimes creeps under the beetling
+rock, close by the margin of a mountain stream. It sometimes ascends to
+an awful precipice, from whence the foaming waters are heard roaring in
+the dark abyss below, or seen wildly dashing against its opposite banks;
+while, in other places, the course of the river <i>Teme</i> being impeded by
+natural ledges of rock, the vale presents a calm, glassy mirror, that
+reflects the surrounding foliage. The path, in various places, crosses
+the water by bridges of the most romantic and contrasted forms; and,
+branching in various directions, including some miles in length, is
+occasionally varied and enriched by caves and cells, hovels, and covered
+seats, or other buildings, in perfect harmony with the wild but pleasing
+horrors of the scene."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> Foxley, this far-famed seat of dignified and benevolent
+retirement, has on many occasions become interesting. I will merely
+mention one. It gave a peaceful asylum to Benjamin Stillingfleet, when
+his mind was depressed by disappointment. The then owner, Robert Price,
+Esq. and his mild and amiable lady, both kindly pressed him to become an
+inmate of their domestic retreat, that his health might be restored, and
+his mind calmed; and though he modestly refused being a constant
+intruder, yet he took up his residence in a cottage near them, and
+delighted to pass his leisure hours in their happy domestic circle,
+"blending his studious pursuits, with rural occupations," and
+particularly with gardening. No doubt, to this protecting kindness, may,
+on this spot, have been imbibed his great veneration for Theophrastus;
+and here he must have laid the foundation of those attainments, which,
+during the future periods of his life, obtained for him the high
+approbation of the justly celebrated Mrs. Montagu, who, in her letters,
+speaks of "this invaluable friend," in the highest possible terms of
+praise. In this peaceful and consoling retreat, was written his original
+and masterly tribute to the talents of Xenophon; and here was first
+kindled his deep enthusiastic zeal for the classic authors of antiquity;
+and the materials for his then intended edition of Milton (who he says
+equalled all the ancients whom he imitated; the sublimity of Homer, the
+majesty of Sophocles, the softness of Theocritus, and the gaiety of
+Anacreon,) enriched with parallel passages from holy writ, the classics,
+and the early Italian poets; and here he composed his matchless treatise
+on the power and principles of Tartini's music (for it seems Mr. Price
+himself "was a master of the art.") Here too, most probably, he
+sketched, or first gathered, his early memoranda towards his future
+general history of husbandry, from the earliest ages of the world to his
+own time; and fostered a devoted zeal for Linn&aelig;us, which produced that
+spirited eulogium on him, which pervades the preface to his translation
+of "Miscellaneous Tracts on Natural History."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> Sir Uvedale, about fifty years ago, translated
+<i>Pausanias</i> from the Greek. One may judge of the feeling with which he
+dwelt on the pages of this book, by what he says of that nation in vol.
+i. p. 65 of his Essays, where he speaks of being struck with the extreme
+richness of some of the windows of our cathedrals and ruined abbeys: "I
+hope it will not be supposed, that by admiring the picturesque
+circumstances of the Gothic, I mean to undervalue the symmetry and
+beauty of Grecian buildings: whatever comes to us from the Greeks, has
+an irresistible claim to our admiration; that distinguished people
+seized on the true points both of beauty and grandeur in all the arts,
+and their architecture has justly obtained the same high pre-eminence as
+their sculpture, poetry, and eloquence."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> On the pomp of devotion in our ancient abbeys, Mr. R. P.
+Knight thus interests his readers, in the chapter "Of the Sublime and
+Pathetic," in the Inquiry into the principles of Taste:&mdash;"Every person
+who has attended the celebration of high mass, at any considerable
+ecclesiastical establishment, must have felt how much the splendour and
+magnificence of the Roman Catholic worship tends to exalt the spirit of
+devotion, and to inspire the soul with rapture and enthusiasm. Not only
+the impressive melody of the vocal and instrumental music, and the
+imposing solemnity of the ceremonies, but the pomp and brilliancy of the
+sacerdotal garments, and the rich and costly decorations of the altar,
+raise the character of religion, and give it an air of dignity and
+majesty unknown to any of the reformed churches."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> In p. 130 and 179 of vol. ii. he thus adverts to the
+effects of the levelling system of Launcelot Browne:&mdash;"From this
+influence of fashion, and the particular influence of Mr. Browne, models
+of old gardens are in this country still scarcer in nature than in
+painting; and therefore what good parts there may be in such gardens,
+whether proceeding from original design, or from the changes produced by
+time and accident, can no longer be observed; and yet, from these
+specimens of ancient art, however they may be condemned as old
+fashioned, many hints might certainly be taken, and blended with such
+modern improvements as really deserve the name."&mdash;"Were my arguments in
+favour of many parts of the old style of gardening ever so convincing,
+the most I could hope from them at present, would be, to produce <i>some
+caution</i>; and to assist in preserving some of the few remains of old
+magnificence that still exist, by making the owner less ready to listen
+to a professor, whose interest it is to recommend total demolition." Mr.
+R. P. Knight, in a note to his <i>landscape</i>, thus remarks on this
+subject: "I remember a country clock-maker, who being employed to clean
+a more complex machine than he had been accustomed to, very confidently
+took it to pieces; but finding, when he came to put it together again,
+some wheels of which he could not discover the use, very discreetly
+carried them off in his pocket. The simple artifice of this prudent
+mechanic, always recurs to my mind, when I observe the manner in which
+our modern improvers repair and embellish old places; not knowing how to
+employ the terraces, mounds, avenues, and other features which they find
+there, they take them all away, and cover the places which they occupied
+with turf. It is a short and easy method of proceeding; and if their
+employers will be satisfied with it, they are not to be blamed for
+persevering in it, as it may be executed by proxy, as well as in
+person."
+</p><p>
+Severely (and no doubt justly), as the too generally smooth and
+monotonous system of Mr. Browne has been condemned, yet he must have had
+great merit to have obtained the many encomiums he did obtain from some
+of our first nobility and gentry. The <i>evil</i> which he did in many of
+their altered pleasure-grounds, <i>lives after him&mdash;the good is oft
+interred in his grave</i>.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> Mr. George Mason justly observes that "Nature's favourite
+haunts are the school of gardening."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> Dion. Chrysostom said of Xenophon, that "he had something
+of witchcraft in his writings." It would not be too much to say the same
+of this poet.</p></div>
+
+<h4>THE END.</h4>
+
+<p class="center"><i>Printed by Lowe and Harvey, Playhouse Yard, Blackfriars.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on
+Gardening,, by Samuel Felton
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@@ -0,0 +1,9433 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on
+Gardening,, by Samuel Felton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: On the Portraits of English Authors on Gardening,
+       with Biographical Notices of Them, 2nd edition, with
+       considerable additions
+
+Author: Samuel Felton
+
+Release Date: June 13, 2008 [EBook #25773]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENGLISH AUTHORS ON GARDENING ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Barbara Tozier, Bill Tozier and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ON
+
+THE PORTRAITS
+
+OF
+
+English Authors on Gardening,
+
+WITH
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF THEM.
+
+_Lately published, by the same Author, price 3s._
+
+GLEANINGS ON GARDENS;
+
+Chiefly respecting those of the Ancient Style in England.
+
+
+PRINTED BY LOWE AND HARVEY, PLAYHOUSE YARD, BLACKFRIARS.
+
+
+
+
+ON THE
+
+PORTRAITS
+
+OF
+
+ENGLISH
+
+AUTHORS ON GARDENING,
+
+WITH
+
+BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.
+
+_Your painting is almost the natural man.--Timon of Athens._
+
+_A snapper-up of unconsidered trifles.--Winter's Tale._
+
+_I will make a prief of it in my note-book.--M. W. of Windsor._
+
+BY S. FELTON.
+
+SECOND EDITION, WITH CONSIDERABLE ADDITIONS.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+LONDON: 1830.
+
+PUBLISHED BY EFFINGHAM WILSON, ROYAL EXCHANGE; AND JOSEPH ONWHYN,
+CATHARINE STREET, STRAND.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+The following pages apply only to those English writers on gardening who
+are deceased. That there have been portraits taken of _some_ of those
+sixty-nine English writers, whose names first occur in the following
+pages, there can be no doubt; and those portraits may yet be with their
+surviving relatives or descendants. I am not so presumptuous as to apply
+to the following most slight memorials, some of which relate to very
+obscure persons, who claimed neither "the boast of heraldry, nor the
+pomp of power," but whose
+
+                     ----useful toil,
+   Their homely joys and destiny obscure
+
+benefited society by their honest labour;--I am not so vain as to apply
+to these, any part of the high testimony which Sir Walter Scott has so
+justly paid to the merit of Mr. Lodge's truly splendid work of the
+portraits of celebrated personages of English history. I can only take
+leave to disjoint, or to dislocate, or copy, a very few of his words,
+and to apply them to the following scanty pages, as it must be
+interesting to have exhibited before our eyes _our fathers as they
+lived_, accompanied with such memorials of their lives and characters,
+as enable us to compare their persons and countenances with their
+sentiments:--portraits shewing us how "our ancestors looked, moved, and
+dressed,"--as the pen informs us "how they thought, acted, lived and
+died." One cannot help feeling kindness for the memories of those whose
+writings have pleased us.[1]
+
+What native of the county of Hereford, but must wish to see their
+town-hall ornamented with a life-breathing portrait of Dr. Beale,
+embodying, as it were, in the resemblance of the individual, (to use
+the words of a most eloquent person on another occasion), "his spirit,
+his feelings, and his character?" Or what elegant scholar but must wish
+to view the resemblance of the almost unknown Thomas Whately, Esq., or
+that of the Rev. William Gilpin, whose vivid pen (like that of the late
+Sir Uvedale Price), has "realized painting," and enchained his readers
+to the rich scenes of nature?
+
+Dr. Johnson calls portrait painting "that art which is employed in
+diffusing friendship, in reviving tenderness, in quickening the
+affections of the absent, and continuing the presence of the dead."
+
+The horticultural intercourse that now passes between England and
+France, induces one to express a wish, that the portraits of many of
+those delightful writers on this science, whose pens have adorned
+France, (justly termed from its climate _la terre classique
+d'horticulture_), were selected and engraved; for many of their
+portraits have never yet been engraved. If this selection were
+accompanied with a few brief notices of them and their works, it would
+induce many in this country to peruse some of the most fascinating
+productions that ever issued from the press. Amongst so many, whose
+portraits and memoirs would interest us, I will mention those of
+Champier, who distinguished himself at the battle of Aignadel, and who
+published at Lyons, in 1533, Campus Elisius Galliae amenitate referens;
+Charles Etienne, who, in 1529, produced his Praedium Rusticum; and who
+with Leibault published the Maison Rustique, of which upwards of thirty
+editions have been published, (and which our Gervase Markham calls _a
+work of infinite excellencie_); Paulmier de Grenlemesnil, a most
+estimable man, physician to Charles IX., and who died at Caen in 1588,
+and wrote a treatise de Vino et Pomaceo; and the only act of whose long
+life that one regrets is, that his great skill was the means of
+re-establishing the health of Charles, who, with his mother, directed
+the horrid Massacre of St. Bartholomew; Cousin, who died in the prison
+of Besancon, and wrote De Hortorum laudibus; that patriarch of
+agriculture and of horticulture, Olivier de Serres, whose sage and
+philosophic mind composed a work rich with the most profound
+reflections, and whose genius and merit were so warmly patronized by
+"le bon Henri," and no less by Sully;[2] Boyceau, intendant of the
+gardens of Louis XIII., who, in 1638, published Traite du Jardinage,
+selon les raisons de la nature, et de l'art, avec divers desseins de
+parterres, pelouses, bosquets, &c.; Andre Mollet, who wrote Le Jardin de
+plaisir, &c.; Claude Mollet, head gardener to Henry IV. and Louis XIII.,
+who, in 1595, planted the gardens of Saint Germain-en-laye, Monceau,
+and Fontainbleau, and whose name and memory (as Mr. Loudon observes),
+has been too much forgotten; Bornefond, author of Jardinier Francois, et
+delices de la campagne; Louis Liger, of consummate experience in the
+florist's art, "auteur d'un grand nombre d'ouvrages sur l'agriculture,
+et le jardinage," and one of whose works was thought not unworthy of
+being revised by London and Wise, and of whose interesting works the
+Biographie Universelle (in 52 tomes) gives a long list, and mentions the
+great sale which his Jardinier fleuriste once had; Morin, the florist,
+mentioned by Evelyn, and whose garden contained ten thousand tulips; the
+justly celebrated Jean de la Quintinye, whose precepts, says Voltaire,
+have been followed by all Europe, and his abilities magnificently
+rewarded by Louis; Le Notre, the most celebrated gardener (to use Mr.
+Loudon's words) that perhaps ever existed, and of whom the Biographie
+Univer. observes, that whatever might have been the changes introduced
+in whatever Le Notre cultivated, "il seroit difficile de mettre plus de
+grandeur et de noblesse;"[3] Charles Riviere du Fresnoy "qu'il joignot a
+un gout general pour tous les arts, des talens particuliers pour la
+musique et le dessein. Il excelloit sur-tout dans l'art de destribuer
+les jardins. Il publia plusieurs _Chansons et les Amusemens serieux et
+comiques_: petit ouvrage souvens re-imprime et pleins de peintures vives
+et plaisantes, de la plupart des etats de la vie. On remarques dans
+touts ses productions une imagination enjouee et singuliere;"
+Pontchasteau, who wrote on the cultivation of fruit trees, whose
+penitence and devotion were so severely austere, and whose very singular
+history is given us in the interesting "Lettres de Madame la Comtesse de
+la Riviere;" Linant, to whom Voltaire was a warm protector and friend,
+and who, in 1745, wrote his poem Sur la Perfection des Jardins, sous la
+regne de Louis XIV.; and of whom it was said that "les qualites du
+coeur ne le caracterisoient pas moins que celles de l'esprit;" Le Pere
+Rapin;[4] D'Argenville; Le Maistre, curate of Joinville, who in 1719
+added to his "Fruitier de la France," "Une Dissertation historique sur
+l'origine et les progres des Jardins; Vaniere, who wrote the Praedium
+Rusticum;[5] Arnauld d'Andilli, in so many respects rendered
+illustrious, who retired to the convent of Port Royal, (that divine
+solitude, where the whole country for a league round breathed the air of
+virtue and holiness, to quote Mad. de Sevigne's words), and who sent
+each year to the queen some of that choice fruit which he there with
+such zeal cultivated, and which Mazarin "appelloit en riant des fruits
+benis." This good man died at the age of eighty-six, and the letter of
+Mad. de Sevigne, of the date of Sept. 23, 1671, will alone consign him
+to the respect of future ages;[6] Jean Paul de Ardenne, superior of the
+congregation of the oratory of Marseilles, one of the most famous
+florists of the period in which he lived, and who devoted great part of
+his time in deeds of charity; Francis Bertrand, who, in 1757, published
+Ruris delicae, being poems from Tibullus, Claudian, Horace, and from many
+French writers, on the pleasures of the country; Mons. de Chabanon;
+Morel, who assisted in laying out Ermenonville, and who wrote, among
+other works, Theorie des Jardins, ou l'art des Jardins de la Nature; the
+animated Prevost; Gouges de Cessieres, who wrote Les Jardins d'Ornament,
+ou les Georgiques Francoises; he, too, whom the Prince de Ligne calls
+
+                 ----_enchanteur_ De Lille!
+   _O_ Virgile _moderne_!
+
+and whose generous invocation to the memory of Captain Cook must endear
+his name to every Englishman;[7] the Viscount Girardin, who wrote De la
+Composition des Paysages, who buried Rousseau in his garden at
+Ermenonville, and who kept a band of musicians to perambulate those
+charming grounds, performing concerts sometimes in the woods, and at
+other times on the water, and at night in a room adjoining his hall of
+company;[8] the venerable Malherbes, the undaunted defender of the
+oppressed, who throughout his life lost no opportunity of drying up the
+tears of the afflicted, and never caused one to flow; whose whole life
+had been consecrated to the happiness of his fellow-creatures and the
+dignity of his country, but whose spotless reputation could not save him
+from the guillotine at his age of seventy-two;[9] Schabol; Latapie, who
+translated Whately's Observations on Modern Gardening, to which he
+added a discourse on the origin of the art, &c.; Watelet, who wrote
+Essai sur les Jardins, and whose name has given rise to some most
+charming lines in De Lille's poem, and whose biography is interestingly
+drawn in the Biog. Univers.; Lezay de Marnesia, whose poems de la Nature
+Champetre, and le Bonheur dans les Campagnes, have passed through many
+editions, and of whom pleasing mention is made in the above Biog.
+Univers.; M. de Fontaine, author of Le Verger; Masson de Blamont, the
+translator of Mason's Garden, and Whately's Observations; Francois
+Rosier; Bertholan, the friend of Franklin.
+
+I am indebted, in a great measure, for the above list of French authors,
+to that immense body of diffuse and elaborate information, the
+Encyclopaedia of Gardening, by Mr. Loudon.
+
+Those who are more conversant with the literature of France, than my
+very limited researches have extended to, can, no doubt, easily
+enumerate many very distinguished persons of that country, many talented
+men, who though they may not have written on the subject of gardens, yet
+evinced an ardent attachment to them, and became their munificent
+patrons. Let us not then omit the name of Charles the Great, or
+Charlemagne, in one of whose Capitulaires are _Directions concerning
+Gardens, and what plants are best to set in them_. He died in 814, after
+reigning forty-seven years over France: "Quoiqu'il ne sut pas ecriere
+(says the Nouv. Diet. Hist.), il fit fleurer les sciences. Aussi grand
+par ses conquetes, que par l'amour des lettres, et en fut le protecteur
+et la restaurateur. Son palais fut l'asyle des sciences. Le nom de ce
+conquerant et de cet legislateur remplit la terre. Tout fut uni par le
+force de son genie." De Sismondi calls him "a brilliant star in that
+dark firmament." Mr. Loudon, in p. 40 of his Encyclopaedia, says, that
+"The Abbe Schmidt informs us (_Mag. Encyc._) that this monarch, who had
+domains in every part of France, gave the greatest encouragement to the
+eradication of forests, and the substitution of orchards and vineyards.
+He was on terms of friendship with the Saracenic prince Haroun al
+Raschid, and by that means procured for France the best sorts of pulse,
+melons, peaches, figs, and other fruits."
+
+Francis I. when he built his palace at Fontainbleau, introduced into its
+gardens, much of what he had seen in those of Italy, and when he
+completed St. Germains, its style of grandeur may be guessed at from its
+rocks, cascades, terraces and subterraneous grots.
+
+Henry IV.'s attachment to agriculture and to gardens, is well known. The
+magnificent improvements he made at St. Germains, and the attention he
+paid to his gardens at la Fleche, Vendome, and the Thuilleries, shew
+this. Indeed, his employing Claude Mollet, and Jean Robin, are
+sufficient proofs.[10]
+
+Louis XIV. magnificently rewarded La Quintinye, that original writer,
+who conducted the fine gardens of Tambourneau, and whose precepts Mons.
+de Voltaire tells us were followed by all Europe. The zeal of Louis for
+the decorations of gardens, met with an able assistant when he
+patronized Le Notre, to do justice to whose name, I can only refer my
+reader to the concise but rich review of the grand efforts of this
+singular genius, as they are noticed in p. 35 of Mr. Loudon's
+Encyclopaedia, and which "dazzled and enchanted every class of
+observers."[11]
+
+Madame de Sevigne's delight in gardens pervades many of her letters:
+that of July 1677, paints the charms which one in Paris gave her: "I was
+invited in the kindest manner possible to sup at Gourville's with Mad.
+de Scomberg, Mad. de Frontenac, Mad. de Coulanges, the Duke, M. de la
+Rochefoucault, Barillon, Briole, Coulanges, Sevigne, in a garden of the
+hotel de Conde; there were water-works, bowers, terraces, six hautboys,
+six violins, and the most melodious flutes; a supper which seemed to be
+prepared by enchantment, an admirable bass-viol, and a resplendent moon,
+which witnessed all our pleasures." Of her own garden, formed by her own
+pure taste, M. de Coulanges thus speaks: "I have spent a most delightful
+fortnight here. It is impossible sufficiently to praise the gardens of
+the _Rocks_; they would have their beauties even at Versailles, which is
+saying every thing." And that she delighted in what she well knew how to
+describe, is evident from her letter from _Chaulnes_: "This is a very
+handsome house, which carries with it an air of grandeur, though it is
+partly unfurnished, and the gardens neglected. There is scarcely any
+verdure to be seen, and not a nightingale to be heard; in short, it is
+still winter, on the seventeenth of April. But it is easy to imagine the
+beauties of these walks; every thing is regular and magnificent; a
+spacious parterre in front, bowling-greens opposite the wings, a large
+playing fountain in the parterre, two in the bowling-greens, and another
+at a distance in the middle of a field, which is well named _the
+solitary_; a fine country, beautiful apartments, and a pleasant
+prospect, though flat." She in another letter from _Chaulnes_ says; "I
+was walking alone the other day, in these beautiful alleys." And in a
+subsequent one she says: "It is a pity to be obliged to quit so
+beautiful and so charming a place." Her frequent mention in her letters
+of _my pretty walks_ at the _Rocks_, sufficiently paints her delight in
+her own garden. In compliment to this lady, I cannot help applying to
+her the exact words which Petrarch applies to Laura: _une haute
+intelligence, un coeur pure, qui a la sagesse de l'age avance, ait le
+brilliant de la belle jeunesse_.
+
+Few passed more happy hours in their garden at _Baville_, than the
+illustrious Lamoignon, of whom it was said, that "Son ame egaloit son
+genie; simple dans ses moeurs, austere dans sa conduite, il etoit le
+plus doux des hommes, quand la veuve et l'orphein etoient a ses pieds,
+_Boileau_, _Racine_, _Bourdaloue_, _Rapin_, composoit sa petite
+cour,"--and whom Rapin invokes, not only in his poem on gardens,
+
+   _My flowers aspiring round your brows shall twine,
+   And in immortal wreaths, shall all their beauties join;_
+
+but in his letters, preserved with those of Rabutin de Bussy, he paints
+in high terms the name of Lamoignon, and frequently dwells on his
+retreat at _Baville_. Mons. Rab. de Bussy, in a letter to Rapin, says:
+"Que Je vous trouve heureux d'avoir deux mois a passer a _Baville_, avec
+Mons. le presidant! Il est admirable a Paris; mais il est aimable a sa
+maison de campagne, et vous savez qu'on a plus de plaisir a aimer qu'a
+admirer." On his death, Rapin thus speaks of him: "Il n'y eut jamais une
+plus belle ame jointe a un plus bel esprit. Le plus grand de tous les
+eloges est, que le peuple l'a pleure; et chacun s'est plaint de sa mort
+comme de la perte d'un ami, ou de celle d'un bienfacteur."
+
+The name of Boileau is too interesting to be overlooked. Many of his
+letters and pages discover the delight he took in his garden at
+_Auteuil_. In his epistle to _Lamoignon_, he describes his seat there as
+his "bless'd abode," his "dear delicious shades," and he then paints the
+pleasures of his country seat:
+
+   _Give me these shades, these forests, and these fields,
+   And the soft sweets that rural quiet yields;
+   Oh, leave me to the fresh, the fragrant breeze,
+   And let me here awhile enjoy my ease.
+   Let me Pomona's plenteous blessings crop,
+   And see rich autumn's ripen'd burden drop,
+   Till Bacchus with full clusters crowns the year,
+   And gladdens with his load the vintager._
+
+His celebrated epistle to _Anthony_, his old gardener, not only shews
+the kind master, but his own love to his garden. I cannot refrain from
+quoting a few lines from Lempriere: "As a poet, Boilieu has deservedly
+obtained the applauses of every man of genius and taste. Not only his
+countrymen boast of the superior effusions of his muse, but foreigners
+feel and admire the graces, the strength and harmony of his verse, and
+that delicacy of satire, and energy of style, by which he raised himself
+to immortality." Another of his biographers says: "La religion, qui
+eclaira ses derniers momens, avoit anime toute sa vie." The author of
+the Pursuits of Literature thus speaks of him: "The most perfect of all
+modern writers, in true taste and judgment. His sagacity was unerring;
+he combined every ancient excellence, and appears original even in the
+adoption of acknowledged thoughts and allusions. He is the just and
+adequate representative of Horace, Juvenal, and Perseus, united, without
+one indecent blemish; and for my own part, I have always considered him
+as the most finished gentleman that ever wrote." In his Life, translated
+by Ozell, we are told, that "he was full of sentiments of humanity,
+mildness, and justice. He censured vice, and sharply attacked the bad
+taste of his time, without one spark of envy, or calumny. Whatever
+shocked truth, raised in him an indignation which he could not master,
+and which accounts for that energy and fire which pervades his satires.
+The sight of any learned man in want, made him so uneasy, that he could
+not forbear lending money. His good nature and justice did farther
+appear in his manner of recompensing his domestics, and by his
+liberality to the poor. He gave by his will fifty thousand livres to the
+small parishes adjoining the church of Notre Dame; ten thousand livres
+to his valet de chambre, and five thousand to an old woman who had
+served him a long time. But he was not contented to bestow his
+benevolence at his death, and when he was no longer in a condition of
+enjoying his estate himself, he was, all his life long, studious in
+seeking opportunities of doing good offices." Part of this is confirmed
+by another biographer: "Une piete sincere, une foi vive et une charite
+si grande, qu'elle ne lui a presque fait reconnoitre d'autres heritiers
+que les pauvres." The Lettres of Mad. la Comtesse de la Riviere, and
+those of de Sevigne, frequently mention the charm which attended the
+visits of Boileau.[12] Rabutin du Bussy thus speaks of him, in a letter
+to the Pere Rapin, after eulogizing Moliere: "Despreaux est encore
+merveilleuse; personne ne'crit avec plus de purete; ses pensees sont
+fortes, et ce qui m'en plait, toujours vraies."
+
+The above is a very cursory and brief allusion to what might be gathered
+respecting those superb gardens in France, whose costly and magnificent
+decorations so charmed many of our English nobility and gentry, when
+travelling there, during the periods of Charles II., James II., William,
+Anne, and during subsequent reigns. One need recur only to a very few,
+as to Rose, who was sent there by Lord Essex, to view Versailles; to
+George London, who was commissioned to go there, not only by the same
+Rose, but who afterwards accompanied the Earl of Portland, King
+William's ambassador; but to Evelyn, Addison, Dr. Lister, Kent, when he
+accompanied Lord Burlington through France to Italy; to the Earl of Cork
+and Orrery (the translator of Pliny's Letters), whose gardens at
+_Marston_, and at _Caledon_, and whose letters from Italy, all shew the
+eagerness with which he must have viewed the gardens of France, when
+passing through the provinces towards Florence; to Ray, Lady M. W.
+Montague, Bolingbroke, Peterborough, Smollet, John Wilks, John Horne
+(when he met Mr. Sterne, or designed to meet him, at _Toulouse_), to
+Gray, Walpole, R. P. Knight, who must have passed through the rich
+provinces of France, as, in his work on Taste, he speaks of "terraces
+and borders intermixed with vines and flowers, (_as I have seen them in
+Italian villas_, and in some old English gardens in the same style),
+where the mixture of splendour, richness, and neatness, was beautiful
+and pleasing in the highest degree;" and to the lately deceased Sir U.
+Price, who must also have passed through France, to view (with the
+eagerness with which he did view) the rich and magnificently decorated
+gardens of Italy, "aided with the splendour and magnificence of art,"
+their ballustrades, their fountains, basons, vases and statues, and
+which he dwells on in his Essays with the same enthusiasm as when he
+there contemplated the works of Titian, Paul Veronese, and other great
+masters. Indeed, those pages where he regrets the demolition of many of
+our old English gardens, and when he dwells on the probability that even
+Raphael, Giulio Romano, and M. Angelo, (which last planted the famous
+cypresses in the garden of the Villa d'Este) were consulted on the
+decorations of some of the old Italian ones; these pages at once shew
+the fascinating charms of his classic pen.[13]
+
+England can boast too of very great names, who have been attached to
+this art, and most zealously patronized it, though they have not written
+on the subject:--Lord Burleigh, Lord Hudson, Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord
+Capell, who honoured himself by several years correspondence with La
+Quintinye; William the Third,--for Switzer tells us, that "in the least
+interval of ease, gardening took up a greater part of his time, in which
+he was not only a delighter, but likewise a great judge,"--the Earl of
+Essex, whom the mild and benevolent Lord William Russell said "was the
+worthiest, the justest, the sincerest, and the most concerned for the
+public, of any man he ever knew;" Lord William Russell himself, too, on
+whom Thomson says,
+
+   _Bring every sweetest flower, and let me strew
+   The grave where Russell lies_,
+
+whose fall Switzer feelingly laments, as one of the best of masters, and
+encouragers of arts and sciences, particularly gardening, that that age
+produced, and who "made _Stratton_, about seven miles from Winchester,
+his seat, and his gardens there some of the best that were made in those
+early days, such indeed as have mocked some that have been done since;
+and the gardens of Southampton House, in Bloomsbury Square, were also of
+his making;" the generous friend of this Lord William Russell, the manly
+and patriotic Duke of Devonshire, who erected _Chatsworth_, that noble
+specimen of a magnificent spirit;[14] Henry Earl of Danby, the Duke of
+Argyle, beheaded in 1685, for having supported the rebellion of
+Monmouth; the Earl of Halifax, the friend of Addison, Swift, Pope, and
+Steele, and on whom a funeral poem thus speaks,
+
+   _In the rich furniture of whose fair mind,
+   Those dazzling intellectual graces shin'd,
+   That drew the love and homage of mankind._[15]
+
+Lord Weymouth; Dr. Sherard of Eltham; Collinson, "to whose name is
+attached all that respect which is due to benevolence and virtue;"
+Grindal, Bishop of London, who cultivated with great success the vine
+and other productions of his garden at Fulham; Compton, Bishop of
+London, eminent, as Mr. Falconer in his Fulham observes, for his
+unbounded charity and beneficence, and who was so struck with the
+genius, the learning, and probity of Mr. Ray, that he was almost at the
+entire charge of erecting the monument to him; the Earl of Scarborough,
+an accomplished nobleman, immortalized by the enchanting pen of Pope,
+and the fine pen of Chesterfield; the Earl of Gainsborough; the great
+Chatham, whose taste in the embellishment of rural nature has been
+exultingly acknowledged by Mr. Walpole, and by George Mason;[16] with
+numerous other men of rank and science.[17] These have highly assisted
+in elevating gardening to the rank it has long since held, and has
+allured multitudes to this delightful science:--no wonder, when _Homer_
+=writeth how= _Laertes_ =the olde man, was wont with his travaile in his
+Orchards, to drive from his minde the sorrow hee tooke for the absence
+of his sonne=. When old Gerarde asks his _courteous and well-willing
+readers_--"whither do all men walk for their honest recreation, but
+where the earth hath most beneficially painted her face with flourishing
+colours? and what season of the year more longed for than the spring,
+whose gentle breath enticeth forth the kindly sweets, and makes them
+yield their fragrant smells?" When the Lord Chancellor Bacon declares a
+garden "is the purest of human pleasures; it is the greatest refreshment
+to the spirits of man:" and when this wonderfully gifted man thus fondly
+dwells on part of its allurements;--"the breath of flowers is far
+sweeter in the air (where it comes and goes like the warbling of music),
+than in the hand; therefore, nothing is more fit for that delight, than
+to know what be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air; the
+flower, which above all others yields the sweetest smell in the air, is
+the violet;[18] next to that is the musk rose, then the
+strawberry-leaves, dying with a most-excellent cordial smell; then sweet
+briar, then wall-flowers, which are very delightful to be set under a
+parlour, or lower chamber window; but those which perfume the air most
+delightfully, not passed by as the rest, but being trodden upon and
+crushed, are three--that is, burnet, wild thyme, and water-mints;
+therefore you are to set whole alleys of them, to have the pleasure when
+you walk or tread."[19] Or when Mr. Evelyn, in the joy of his
+enthusiasm, exultingly transposed from Virgil:--
+
+   O fortunatos nimium, bona si sua norint
+   _Horticulas_!
+
+and who declared, that the employ and felicity of an excellent gardener
+was preferable to all other diversions. When Mr. Addison says that a
+garden "fills the mind with calmness and tranquillity, and lays all its
+turbulent passions at rest." When Sir William Temple (who infused into
+his writings the graces of some of the best writers of ancient times),
+thus allures his readers: "_Epicurus_, whose admirable wit, felicity of
+expression, excellence of nature, sweetness of conversation, temperance
+of life, and constancy of death, made him so beloved by his friends,
+admired by his scholars, and honoured by the Athenians, passed his time
+wholly in his garden; there he studied, there he exercised, there he
+taught his philosophy; and indeed no other sort of abode seems to
+contribute so much to both the tranquillity of mind, and indolence of
+body, which he made his chief ends. The sweetness of air, the
+pleasantness of smells, the verdure of plants, the cleanness and
+lightness of food, the exercises of working or walking; but above all,
+the exemption from cares and solitude, seem equally to favour and
+improve both contemplation and health, the enjoyment of sense and
+imagination, and thereby the quiet and ease both of the body and mind."
+When the industrious Switzer says:--"'Tis in the quiet enjoyment of
+rural delights, the refreshing and odoriferous breezes of garden air,
+that the deluge of vapours, and those terrors of hypochondraism, which
+crowd and oppress the head are dispelled." When the industrious and
+philosophic Bradley observes, that "though the trouble of the mind wears
+and destroys the constitution even of the most healthful body, all kinds
+of gardens contribute to health." When Pope,[20] who loved to breathe
+the sweet and fragrant air of gardens, in one of his letters says, "I am
+in my garden, amused and easy; this is a scene where one finds no
+disappointment." When that "universally esteemed and beloved man," the
+Prince de Ligne, declares, "Je voudrois echauffer tout l'univers de mon
+gout pour les jardins. Il me semble qu'il est impossible, qu'un mechant
+puisse l'avoir. Il n'est point de vertus que Je ne suppose a celui qui
+aime a parler et a faire des jardins. Peres de famille, inspirez la
+jardinomanie a vos enfans.[21] When a taste for gardening (as Mr. Cobbet
+observes) "is much more innocent, more pleasant, more free from
+temptation to cost, than any other; so pleasant in itself! It is
+conducive to health, by means of the irresistible temptation which it
+offers to early rising; it tends to turn the minds of youth from
+amusements and attachments of a frivolous or vicious nature; it is a
+taste which is indulged at home; it tends to make home pleasant, and to
+endear us to the spot on which it is our lot to live." When Mr. Johnson
+forcibly paints the allurements to a love for this art, when concluding
+his energetic volume on gardening, by quoting from Socrates, that "it is
+the source of health, strength, plenty, riches, and of a thousand sober
+delights and honest pleasures."--And from Lord Verulam, that amid its
+scenes and pursuits, "life flows pure, and the heart more calmly beats."
+And when M. le V. H. de Thury, president de la Societe d'Horticulture de
+Paris, in his Discours d'Installation says: "Dans tous les temps et dans
+tous les pays, les hommes les plus celebres, les plus grands capitaines,
+les princes, et les rois, se sont livres avec delices, et souvent avec
+passion, a la culture des plantes et des jardins." And among other
+instances he cites "Descartes, qui se livrait avec une egale ardeur a la
+science des astres et a la culture des fleurs de son jardin, et qui
+souvent, la nuit, quittait ses observations celestes pour etudier le
+sommeil et la floraison de ses plantes avant le lever du soliel."[22]
+Petrarch, too, who has enchanted every nation and every age, from his
+endeared Vaucluse, thus speaks of his garden: "I have formed two; I do
+not imagine they are to be equalled in all the world: I should feel
+myself inclined to be angry with fortune, if there were any so beautiful
+out of Italy. I have store of pleasant green walks, with trees shadowing
+them most sweetly." Indeed, what Cicero applies to another science, may
+well apply to horticulture: "nihil est _agriculturae_ melius, nihil
+uberius, nihil dulcius, nihil homine, nihil libero dignius." Let me
+close with a most brilliant name;--the last resource in the _Candide_ of
+Voltaire is,--_cultivate your garden_.
+
+In my transient review of the gardens of ancient times, at the
+commencement of the following work, I have not even glanced at those of
+the _Saxons_, in this island; when one should have thought that the
+majestic name of ALFRED alone, would have made a search of this nature
+interesting, even if such search were unavailing. I have also
+inadvertently omitted any allusion to those of the _Danes_ and the
+_Normans_. I have only then now to say, that Mr. Johnson's researches,
+as to these gardens, in pp. 31, 37, 38, 39 and 40 of his lately
+published History of English Gardening, with his elegant language and
+the flow of sentiment that pervades those pages, would make any search
+or review of mine presumptuous. In those pages, he dwells on the
+tendency which the then introduction of the christian religion had to
+soften the manners of the people, and by thus rendering them more
+domestic, gardening became an art congenial to their feelings; and
+whilst the country at large was devastated by war, the property of the
+religious establishments was held sacred, and varieties of vegetables
+preserved, which otherwise would soon have become extinct, if cultivated
+in less hallowed ground. He then traces the existence of many gardens,
+orchards, and vineyards, belonging to our monasteries, proving, that
+even in the time of the _Danes_, horticulture continued "silently to
+advance," and that at the time of the arrival of the _Normans_, gardens
+were generally in the possession of the laity, as well as of the
+ecclesiastics; and he refers to Doomsday Book for his assertion, that
+"there is no reason to doubt, that at this period, every house, from the
+palace to the cottage, was possessed of a garden of some size." He
+concludes with interesting references to the gardens, vineyards, and
+orchards, of the Abbot of Ely and other monks.
+
+The above work of Mr. Johnson's is the result of original thought, and
+of an ardent and extended scientific research. Mine is a compilation,
+"made with a pair of scissors," to copy the words of Mr. Mathias, which
+he applies to a certain edition of Pope. I content myself, however, with
+the reflection of Mr. Walpole, that "they who cannot perform great
+things themselves, may yet have a satisfaction in doing justice to those
+who can."
+
+Having alluded at pp. 71 and 120 to Dr. Alison, and having given at p.
+211 Dr. Dibdin's tribute to him, I cannot omit reminding my reader, that
+the graceful language, the sublime and solemn thoughts, which this
+admirable divine has transfused into many of his Sermons on the Seasons,
+make one doubly feel the truth and propriety with which he has so
+liberally reviewed Mr. Whately's _Observations on Modern Gardening_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+   ON
+   THE PORTRAITS
+   OF
+   English Authors on Gardening.
+
+
+
+
+ON THE PORTRAITS OF ENGLISH AUTHORS ON GARDENING.
+
+
+The earliest accounts we have of gardens, are those recorded in Holy
+Writ; their antiquity, therefore, appears coeval with that of time
+itself. The Garden in Eden had every tree good for food, or pleasant to
+the sight. Noah planted a Vineyard. Solomon, in the true spirit of
+horticultural zeal, says, _I planted me Vineyards, I made me Gardens and
+Orchards, and I planted trees in them of all kinds of fruit_. We have
+all heard of the grandeur of Nebuchadnezzar's Gardens.
+
+Whether that of Alcinous was fabulous or not, it gave rise to Homer's
+lofty strains:--
+
+   The balmy spirit of the western gale
+   Eternal breathes on flowers untaught to fail;
+   The same mild season gives the blooms to blow,
+   The buds to harden, and the fruit to grow.[23]
+
+That Homer was all alive to the rich scenery of nature, is evident, even
+from his Calypso's Cave:--
+
+   All o'er the cavern'd rock a sprouting vine
+   Laid forth ripe clusters. Hence four limpid founts
+   Nigh to each other ran, in rills distinct,
+   Huddling along with many a playful maze.
+   Around them the soft meads profusely bloom'd
+   Fresh violets and balms.[24]
+
+The Egyptians, the Persians, and other remote nations, prided themselves
+on their magnificent gardens. Diodorus Siculus mentions one "enriched
+with palm trees, and vines, and every kind of delicious fruit, by
+flowery lawns and planes, and cypresses of stupendous magnitude, with
+thickets of myrtle, and laurel, and bay." He paints too the attachment
+which some of the ancients had to landscape scenery:--
+
+   None of art's works, but prodigally strown
+   By nature, with her negligence divine.
+
+The splendid gardens at Damascus, were superintended by a native of
+Malaga, who "traversed the burning sands of Africa, for the purpose of
+describing such vegetables as could support the fervid heat of that
+climate." The cities of Samarcand, Balckd, Ispahan, and Bagdad, were
+enveloped and surrounded by luxurious and splendid gardens. No wonder
+when those countries were partly governed by such celebrated men as
+Haroun-al-Raschid, and his son Al-Mamoun, the generous protectors of
+Arabian literature, and which son (about the year 813) has been justly
+termed the _Augustus_ of Bagdad. "Study, books, and men of letters, (I
+am quoting the eloquent pages of De Sismondi _On the Literature of the
+Arabians_,) almost entirely engrossed his attention. Hundreds of camels
+might be seen entering Bagdad loaded with nothing but manuscripts and
+papers. Masters, instructors, translators, and commentators, formed the
+court of Al-Mamoun, which appeared rather to be a learned academy than
+the centre of government in a warlike empire."
+
+The gardens of Epicurus, and of Pisistratus, Cimon, and Theophrastus,
+were the most famous of any in the Grecian empire. Those of Herculaneum
+may be seen in the 2nd vol. of the paintings found there. The luxurious
+gardens of the affluent Seneca, and the delight with which Cicero speaks
+of his paternal seat, (which enraptured his friend Atticus with its
+beauty,) and the romantic ones of Adrian, at Tivoli, and of Lucullus, of
+Sallust, of the rich and powerful Crassus, and of Pompey, shew the
+delight which the old Romans took in them. One may gather this also from
+Livy; and Virgil's energy of language warmly paints the
+
+                             ----flowering pride
+   Of meads and streams that through the valleys glide.
+   A country cottage near a crystal flood,
+   A winding valley, and a lofty wood.
+
+    *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Leisure and calm in groves, and cooling vales;
+   Grottoes and babbling brooks, and darksome dales.
+
+Messaline (says a translation of Tacitus) avoit une passion extreme pour
+les jardins de Lucullus, qu'il embellisoit superbement, ajoutant tous
+les jours quelque nouvelles beautez a celles qu'ils avoint receues de
+leur premier maitre.
+
+We are reminded in a magic page of our own immortal poet, of those of
+Julius Caesar, and of
+
+                         ----_his_ walks,
+   His private arbours, and new-planted orchards,
+
+when the noble Antony invokes the Romans to
+
+             ----kiss dead Caesar's wounds,
+   And dip their napkins in his sacred blood.
+
+Horace's incomparable lines on the happiness and delight of a country
+life, his country granges, his woods, his garden, and his grove; and
+many of the other Roman writers, abundantly shew their attachment to
+gardens, as accompaniments to their splendid villas. There was scarcely
+a romantic valley that was not crowded with their villas.
+
+Martial and Juvenal ridicule the clipped box trees, cut dragons, and
+similar grotesque fancies, at some of their villas, both admiring the
+nobler grace with which nature adorned each spot.[25]
+
+The Romans were perhaps the first who introduced that art into Britain,
+meagerly as they did introduce it. The earliest account I can find of an
+English writer on Gardening, is,
+
+Alfred, an _Englishman_, surnamed the Philosopher, much respected at
+Rome. He died 1270, and left four books on the Meteors of Aristotle;
+also one on _Vegetables_, and five on the Consolations of Boethius. We
+are not _very_ likely to discover _his_ portrait. Nor that of the
+following:--
+
+HENRY DANIEL, a Dominican friar, said to be well skilled in the natural
+philosophy and physic of his time, left a manuscript inscribed _Aaron
+Danielis_. He therein treats De re Herbaria, de Arboribus, _Fructibus_,
+&c. He flourished about the year 1379.--N. B. I have copied this article
+from Dr. Pulteney's Sketches, vol. 1, page 23.[26]
+
+I believe there are no Portraits engraved, nor perhaps yet discovered,
+of the following sixty-nine persons; at least I know of none:--
+
+
+RICHARD ARNOLDE, who in his Chronicle, printed in 1502, has a chapter on
+"The crafte of graffynge, and plantyne, and alterynge of fruyts, as well
+in colours, as in taste." The celebrated poem of the Nut-brown Maid
+first appeared in this Chronicle. Sir E. Brydges, in vol. 6 of his
+Censura Literaria, has transcribed the whole poem as it appears in
+Arnolde.
+
+
+THOMAS TUSSER, whose memory has had the felicity to merit the notice of
+Mr. Warton, in his History of English Poetry, from his having published
+his poem of "A Hundreth good Pointes of Husbandrie, imprinted at London,
+in Flete strete, within Temple barre, at the syne of the Hand and
+Starre, by Richard Totell, An. 1577." A copy of this first edition
+(probably unique) is preserved in the British Museum. A re-print of this
+singular literary rarity is given in Mr. Hazlewood's British
+Bibliographer. The subsequent editions of this curious book are
+interestingly enumerated by Mr. Mavor, in his edition of Tusser. No
+portrait I believe has been discovered of this benevolent man, whose
+good sense, impressive maxims, enlightened and philosophic turn of mind
+and feeling for the poor, shine through most pages of his poem:--
+
+   What better bed than conscience good, to pass the night with sleep,
+   What better work, than daily care, from sin thyself to keep?
+   What better thought, than think on God, and daily him to serve,
+   What better gift than to the poor, that ready be to sterve?
+
+His estimate of life is concise:--
+
+   To death we must stoop, be we high, be we low,
+   But how and how suddenly few be that know;
+   What carry we then but a sheet to the grave,
+   (To cover this carcass) of all that we have?
+
+His hospitable heart thus pleads for the desolate, during the
+festivities of Christmas, and his love of "mirth and good cheer" makes
+him not forget Harvests home:--
+
+   At Christmas, the hardness of winter doth rage,
+   A griper of all things, and specially age;
+   Then sadly poor people, the young and the old,
+   Be sorest oppressed with hunger and cold.
+
+   At Christmas, by labour there's little to get,
+   That wanting--the poorest in danger are set:
+   What season then better, of all the whole year,
+   Thy needy, poor neighbour, to comfort and cheer.
+
+   At Christmas be merry, and thankful withal,
+   And feast thy poor neighbours, the great with the small:
+   Yea all the year long, to the poor let us give,
+   God's blessing to follow us, whiles we do live.
+
+   In harvest time, harvest folk, servants and all
+   Should make, all together, good cheer in the hall;
+   And fill out the black bowl of blythe to their song,
+   And let them be merry all harvest time long.
+
+   Once ended thy harvest, let none be beguil'd,
+   Please such as did help thee--man, woman, and child,--
+   Thus doing, with alway, such help as they can,
+   Thou winnest the praise of the labouring man.
+
+   Now look up to God-ward, let tongue never cease
+   In thanking of him, for his mighty increase,
+   Accept my good will--for a proof go and try;
+   The better thou thrivest, the gladder am I.
+
+Tusser died about the year 1583, aged about sixty-five, and is buried in
+St. Mildred's church, in the Poultry. His epitaph is preserved in
+Stowe's Survey of London; and (as Mr. Mavor observes) it is perfectly in
+character with the man and his writings; and if conjecture may be
+allowed, was penned by himself:--
+
+   Here Thomas Tusser, clad in earth, doth lie,
+   Who sometime made the Points of Husbandry.
+   By him then learn thou may'st. Here learn we must,
+   When all is done, we sleep and turn to dust.
+   And yet, through Christ, to heaven we hope to go:
+   Who reads his books, shall find his faith was so.
+
+His book exhibits an authentic picture of the state of horticulture
+during the time of Mary, and Elizabeth; and, as Mr. Warton observes, his
+work "is valuable as a genuine picture of the agriculture, the rural
+arts, and the domestic oeconomy and customs of our industrious
+ancestors."
+
+Walter Blith says of him:--"As for Master Tusser, who rimeth out of his
+experience, if thou delightest therein, thou mayst find things worthy
+thy observation."
+
+Sir John Hawkins, in his History of Music, thus writes:--"The life of
+this poor man was a series of misfortunes; and is a proof of the truth
+of that saying in Holy Scripture, that 'the battle is not to the strong,
+nor the race to the swift.' As to the Points of Husbandry, it is written
+in familiar verse, and abounds with many curious particulars, that
+bespeak the manners, the customs, and the modes of living in the
+country, from the year 1520 to about half a century after; besides
+which, it discovers such a degree of oeconomical wisdom in the author,
+such a sedulous attention to the honest arts of thriving, such a general
+love of mankind, such a regard to justice, and a reverence for religion,
+that we do not only lament his misfortunes, but wonder at them; and are
+at a loss to account for his dying poor, who understood so well the
+method to become rich."
+
+From the "Literary Life and Select Works of Benjamin Stillingfleet," I
+select a small part of what that worthy man says of Tusser:--"He seems
+to have been a good-natured cheerful man, and though a lover of
+oeconomy, far from meanness, as appears in many of his precepts,
+wherein he shews his disapprobation of that pitiful spirit, which makes
+farmers starve their cattle, their land, and every thing belonging to
+them; chusing rather to lose a pound than spend a shilling. Upon the
+whole, his book displays all the qualities of a well-disposed man, as
+well as of an able farmer. He wrote in the infancy of farming, and
+therefore I shall give a full account of his practice, especially as his
+precepts will be comprised in a narrow compass, and as a sort of justice
+done to him as an original writer."
+
+Mr. Mavor observes, "The precepts of Tusser indeed are so excellent,
+that few can read them without profit and improvement; he appears to
+have possessed such a degree of pious resignation to the will of the
+Supreme, of christian charity, and of good humour, under all his
+miscarriages, that his character rises high in our esteem, independent
+of his merits as a writer. The cultivated and liberal mind of Tusser
+seems to have been ill-suited to his fortune, and to his vocation. A
+love of hospitality probably kept him from independence; yet if he was
+imprudent, we cannot help loving the man and admiring the justness of
+his sentiments on every subject connected with life and morals."
+
+Fuller, in his _Worthies of Essex_, says, "he spread his bread with all
+sorts of butter, yet none would stick thereon. Yet I hear no man to
+charge him with any vicious extravagancy, or visible carelessness,
+imputing his ill success to some occult cause in God's counsel."
+
+I am indebted, in some degree, for these several testimonies, to Mr.
+Mavor's spirited edition of this book, which he has enriched with a
+biographical sketch of Tusser, and with many interesting illustrations
+of his poem. He exhibits another instance of the private character of
+Tusser, in his concluding remarks on the last page of his work:--"The
+moral feeling and the pious resignation which breathe in the concluding
+stanzas of this poem, leave a powerful impression on the mind; and
+whatever vicissitudes in life the Editor or his Readers may experience,
+he wishes for Himself and for Them, the same philosophic and christian
+composure, on a retrospect of the past, and the anticipated view of
+futurity."
+
+Of Mr. Warton's remarks on Tusser, Mr. Mavor thus partly speaks:--"For
+the personal kindness of Warton to me, at an early period of life, I
+shall ever retain an affectionate remembrance of him, and for his genius
+and high attainments in literature, I feel all that deference and
+respect which can belong to his most enthusiastic admirers; but no man
+was less a judge of the merits of a book on Husbandry and Huswifry."
+
+Mr. Warton observes, that "Tusser's general precepts have often an
+expressive brevity, and are sometimes pointed with an epigrammatic turn,
+and smartness of allusion."
+
+In Tusser's poetical account of his own unsuccessful life,
+
+   _How through the briers my youthful years
+   Have run their race_,--
+
+how he was forced from his father's house when a little boy, and driven
+like a POSTING HORSE, being impressed to sing as a chorister, at
+Wallingford College; his miseries there, and the _stale bread_ they gave
+him; the fifty-three stripes the poor lad received at Eton, when
+learning Latin; his happy transfer to Trinity College, which to him
+seemed a removal from hell to heaven; the generosity of Lord Paget,
+
+   _Whose soul I trust is with the just_;
+
+then his
+
+                      ----_good parents dy'd
+   One after one, till both were gone,
+   Whose souls in bliss, be long ere this._
+
+His remaining ten years at court, where
+
+   _Cards and dice, with Venus' vice,
+   And peevish pride, from virtue wide,
+       With some so wraught,
+   That Tyburn play, made them away,
+       Or beggars state._
+
+His residing in _Suffolk_, as a farmer,
+
+       _To moil and toil,
+   With loss and pain, to little gain,
+       To cram Sir Knave_;
+
+his removal to near Dereham Abbey, which he left, (though stored with
+flesh and fish) from the squabbles and brawls of _lord with lord_; the
+death of the worthy Sir Richard Southwell,
+
+              ----_that jewel great,
+   Which op'd his door to rich and poor,
+   So bounteously_,--
+
+on whose decease he was left to _sink or swim_; his removal to
+Salisbury, as a singing man; thence
+
+   _With sickness worn, as one forlorn,_
+
+he removed to a parsonage house in Essex, to collect tithes, in its
+_miry ways_; his foreboding the parson's death, and foreseeing new
+charges about to be made for tithes,
+
+                ----_I spy'd, if parson died,
+   (All hope in vain) to hope for gain,
+       I might go dance;
+   Once rid my hand, of pars'nage land,
+   Hence, by-and-by, away went I
+   To London straight, to hope and wait
+       For better chance._
+
+From which place the plague drove him to Cambridge, to
+
+   _The college, best of all the rest,_
+   _With thanks to thee, O Trinity!_
+   _Through thee and thine, for me and mine,_
+         _Some stay I got._
+
+He concludes with pious resignation to God.[27]
+
+
+DIDYMUS MOUNTAIN, who, in 1571, wrote "The Gardener's Labyrinth," in
+4to. "wherein are set forth, divers knottes and mazes, cunningly handled
+for the beautifying of gardens." And in 1577 appeared a second part,
+"with the wittie ordering of other daintie hearbes, delectable flowres,
+pleasaunt fruites, and fine rootes, as the like hath not heretofore been
+vttered of any." Other editions in 4to. 1608, and in folio 1652.
+
+
+BARNABY GOOCHE published The whole art and trade of Husbandry, contained
+in foure books, _enlarged_ by Barnaby Googe, Esq. 4to. black letter,
+1578. The two later editions, in 1614 and 1631, both in black letter,
+and in 4to. are said by Weston to have been re-printed by Gervaise
+Markham. The 2nd book treats "Of Gardens, Orchards, and Woods."
+
+In the 2nd vol. of the _Censura Litt._ is some information respecting B.
+Gooche, and his epistle to the reader shews his own liberal mind: "I
+haue thought it meet (good Reader) for thy further profit and pleasure,
+to put into English, these foure Bookes of Husbandry, _collected and
+set forth_, _by Master Conrade Heresbatch_, a great and a learned
+Counceller of the Duke of _Cleues_: not thinking it reason, though I
+haue altered and increased his vvorke, _with mine owne readings and
+obseruations_, ioined with the experience of sundry my friends, to take
+from him (as diuers in the like case haue done) the honour and glory of
+his owne trauaile: Neither is it my minde, that this either his doings,
+or mine, should deface, or any wayes darken the good enterprise, or
+painfull trauailes of such our Countrymen of England, as haue
+plentifully written of this matter: but alwayes haue, and do giue them
+the reuerence and honour due to so vertuous, and well disposed
+Gentlemen, namely, _Master Fitzherbert_, and _Master Tusser_: vvhose
+vvorkes may, in my fancie, without any presumption, compare with any,
+either _Varro_, _Columella_, or _Palladius_ of _Rome_."
+
+
+SIR HUGH PLATT, "that learned and great observer," but of whom we know
+so little, was, as Mr. Weston, in his Catalogue of English Authors,
+informs us, "the most ingenious husbandman of the age he lived in: yet,
+so great was his modesty, that all his works seem to be posthumous,
+except the _Paradise of Flora_, which appeared in 1600, when it is
+probable he was living. He spent part of his time at Copt-hall, in
+Essex, or at Bishop's-hall, in Middlesex, at each of which places he had
+a country seat; but his town residence was Lincoln's Inn. He held a
+correspondence with all lovers of agriculture and gardening throughout
+England; and such was the justice and modesty of his temper, that he
+always named the author of every discovery communicated to him." In 1606
+he had a garden in St. Martin's Lane. A list of his works appears in the
+late Dr. Watts's most laborious work, the Bibl. Brit. in 4 vols. 4to. In
+his "Floraes Paradise, beautified and adorned with sundry sorts of
+delicate fruites and flowers, to be sold in Paule's church-yard, at the
+signe of the Holy Ghost, 1608," 12mo. he thus concludes his address to
+the studious and well affected reader:--"_And thus, gentle Reader,
+hauing acquainted thee with my long, costly, and laborious Collections,
+not written at adventure, or by an imaginary conceit in a Scholler's
+priuate Studie, but wrung out of the earth, by the painfull hand of
+experience: and hauing also giuen thee a touch of Nature, whom no man as
+yet euer durst send naked into the worlde without her veyle; and
+expecting, by thy good entertainement of these, some encouragement for
+higher and deeper discoueries heereafter, I leaue thee to the God of
+Nature, from whom all the true light of Nature proceedeth._
+Bednall-greene, _neere London_, _this 2 of July, 1608_."
+
+In his chapter of "An offer of some new, rare, and profitable
+Inventions," after speaking of "the most rare and peerless plant of all
+the rest, I meane the grape," he mentions the wholesomeness of the wine
+he then made from his garden at _Bednall-greene_, _neere London_:--"And
+if any exception shold be taken against the race and delicacie of them,
+I am content to submit them to the censure of the best mouthes, that
+professe any true skill in the iudgement of high country wines: although
+for their better credit herein, I could bring in the French Embassador,
+who (now almost two yeeres since, comming to my house of purpose to tast
+these wines) gaue this sentence vpon them; that he neuer drank any
+better nevv Wine in France. And _Sir Francis Vere_, that martiall
+Mirrour of our times, who is seldom or never without a cup of excellent
+wine, at his table, assured me that he neuer dranke the like vnto mine,
+but once, and that in France. So that now mee thinks I begin to growe
+somewhat strong in my supporters; and therefore I make some doubt,
+whether I shall need to bring in that renowned Lady _Arabella_, the
+Countesse of _Cumberland_, the Lady _Anne Clifford_, the Lady
+_Hastings_, the Lady _Candish_, and most of the Maides of Honour, with
+diuers Lordes, Knights, and Gentlemen of good worth, that haue generally
+applauded the same; or leaue it heere to worke out his owne credit in
+his due time, because it is rich, and of a strong boiling nature."
+
+In his chapter of "Secrets in the ordering of Trees and Plants," he
+alludes to a gardener of the name of Maister _Andrew Hill_, or to his
+garden, no less than twenty-three times; and frequently to one of the
+name of Maister _Pointer_,[28] _of Twickenham_. Also to one of the name
+of _Colborne_; and to a parson _Simson_. He thus concludes this
+chapter:--"Heere I will conclude with a pretty conceit of that delicate
+knight, Sir _Francis Carew_; who, for the better accomplishment of his
+royall entertainemet of our late Queene of happy memory, at his house at
+_Beddington_, led her Maiestie to a Cherrie tree, whose fruite hee had
+of purpose kept backe from ripening, at the least one month after all
+Cherries had taken their farewell of England. This secret he performed,
+by straining a Tent or cover of canvas ouer the whole tree, and wetting
+the same now and then with a scoope or horne, as the heate of the
+weather required; and so, by with-holding the sunne-beames from
+reflecting vppon the berries, they grew both great, and were very long
+before they had gotten their perfect cherrie-colour: and when hee was
+assured of her Maiesties comming, he remoued the Tent, and a few sunny
+daies brought them to their full maturitie."
+
+In the 2nd vol. of _Censura Litt._ is some information respecting Sir
+Hugh.
+
+
+GABRIEL PLATTES, who (Harte says) "had a bold, adventurous cast of
+mind." The author of "Herefordshire Orchards," calls him "a singular
+honest man." Mr. Weston says, "This author may be considered as an
+original genius in husbandry. This ingenious writer, whose labours were
+productive of plenty and riches to others, was so destitute of the
+common necessaries of life, as to perish with hunger and misery. He was
+found dead in the streets, without a shirt to cover him, to the eternal
+disgrace of the government he lived under. He bequeathed his papers to
+S. Hartlib, whom a contemporary author addresses in this manner: 'none
+(but yourself, who wants not an enlarged heart, but a fuller hand to
+supply the world's defect,) being found, with some few others, to
+administer any relief to a man of so great merit.' Another friend of
+Hartlib's, gives Plattes the following character: 'certainly that man
+had as excellent a genius in agriculture, as any that ever lived in this
+nation before him, and was the most faithful seeker of his ungrateful
+country's good. I never think of the great judgement, pure zeal, and
+faithful intentions of that man, and withal of his strange sufferings,
+and manner of death, but am struck with amazement, that such a man
+should be suffered to fall down dead in the streets for want of food,
+whose studies tended in no less than providing and preserving food for
+whole nations, and that with as much skill and industry, so without
+pride or arrogance towards God or man.'--A list of his many works
+appears in Watts's Bibl. Brit. and also in Weston's intelligent
+Catalogue; and much information is given of Plattes in vol. 2 of the
+Censura Litteraria. Two of his works appear to be,
+
+     1. Treatise of Husbandry; 1633, 4to.
+
+     2. Discourse of Infinite Treasure, hidden since the World's
+     beginning, in the way of Husbandry; 1632, 1653, 1656, 4to.[29]
+
+
+WILLIAM LAWSON published in 1597, A New Orchard and Garden, in 4to.
+Other editions, in 4to., in 1623, and 1626. His singular assertions are
+treated with great candor by the author of _Herefordshire
+Orchards_,--"for I thought I found many signs of honesty and integrity
+in the man, a sound, clear, natural wit."
+
+SIMON HARWARD published in 1597, a Treatise on the Art of propagating
+Vegetables; and annexed it to Lawson's New Orchard and Garden,
+
+THOMAS JOHNSON, the learned editor of the enlarged and valuable edition
+of Gerarde. Wood calls him "the best herbalist of his time." Mr.
+Weston, in his Catalogue, relates with great pleasure, the sanguine and
+interesting tours which Mr. Johnson, and some friends, made in various
+counties, to examine the native botanical beauties of his own country.
+
+Wood further informs us, that at the siege of Basinghouse, "he
+received a shot in the shoulder, of which he died in a fortnight after;
+at which time his work did justly challenge funeral tears; being then no
+less eminent in the garrison for his valour and conduct as a soldier,
+than famous through the kingdom for his excellency as an herbalist and
+physician." I have given in a note below, his approbation of Parkinson's
+work, merely to shew Mr. Johnson's liberal mind.[30]
+
+RALPH AUSTEN, published his Treatise of Fruit Trees, shewing the manner
+of Grafting, Planting, &c. with the spiritual use of an Orchard, or
+Garden, in divers similitudes. _Oxford_, 1653 and 1657, 4to. He appears
+to have lived and died at Oxford. He dedicates it to his friend S.
+Hartlib, Esq. Worlidge says, that in this treatise Austen hath "very
+copiously set forth the high applauses, dignities, advantages, and
+variety of pleasures and contents, in the planting and enjoyment of
+fruit trees."
+
+
+FRANCIS AUSTEN, published in 1631, Observations on Sir Francis Bacon's
+Natural History, so far as concerns Fruit trees, 4to. Another edition,
+4to., 1657.
+
+
+JOHN BONFEIL, published Instructions how to Plant and Dress Vines, &c.
+and to make Wine, &c. Printed with his Art of making Silk, 4to., 1622.
+
+
+STEPHEN BLAKE, published in 1664, The complete Gardener's Practice, 4to.
+
+
+WILLIAM HUGHES published
+
+     1, The complete Vineyard, 8vo. 1670, and 1683.
+
+     2, The American Physician, or a Treatise of the Roots, Plants, &c.
+     growing in the English Plantations; 12mo. 1672.
+
+     3, The Flower Garden, 12mo. 1672 and 1734.
+
+
+SAMUEL HARTLIB, ESQ. published Sir Richard Weston's "Discourse of
+Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders, shewing the wonderful
+improvement of land there, and serving as a pattern for our practice in
+this Commonwealth." _Lond._ 1645, 4to. 24 pages. Mr. Weston, in his
+interesting Catalogue, says, "It is remarked in the Phil. Trans. that
+England has profited in agriculture to the amount of many millions, in
+consequence of the Flanders husbandry having been made known by this
+little treatise. In another edition (I believe 1655) Hartlib, in order
+to enlarge, and better explain it, annexed Dr. Beatie's Annotations to
+it." Mr. Hartlib also published,
+
+     1, Legacie; or an Enlargement of the Discourse of Husbandry; 4to.
+     1650. A second edition in 1651, and a third in 1655.
+
+     2, Concerning the Defects and Remedies of English Husbandry, in a
+     letter to Dr. Beale; 4to. 1651.
+
+     3, A Designe for Plentie, by an universall planting of
+     _Fruit-trees_; tendered by some Well-wishers to the Public. _Lond._
+     without date, but probably (as Mr. Loudon observes) 1652, 4to.
+     "Published by Hartlib, who had the MS. from the Hon. Colonel John
+     Barkstead, Lieutenant of the Tower. The author was an aged minister
+     of the Gospel, at Lovingland, near Yarmouth."
+
+     4, The Commonwealth of Bees, 1657.
+
+Mr. Weston gives much information respecting Mr. Hartlib. I select only
+the following:--
+
+"He was a German gentleman by birth, a great promoter of husbandry
+during the times of the commonwealth, and much esteemed by all ingenious
+men in those days, particularly by Milton, who addressed to him his
+Treatise on Education; Sir William Petty also inscribed two letters to
+him on the same subject. _Lond._ 4to. 1647 and 1648. Cromwell, who was a
+great favourer of agriculture, in consequence of this admirable
+performance, allowed Hartlib a pension of L100. a year; and Hartlib
+afterwards, the better to fulfil the intentions of his benefactor,
+procured Dr. Beatie's excellent annotations on the Legacy, with other
+valuable pieces from his numerous correspondents. This famous work,
+attributed to Hartlib, and called the Legacy, was only drawn up at his
+request, and, passing through his correction and revision, was published
+by him." His name will ever stand honoured, from Milton having
+dedicated his _Tractate on Education_ to him, and from his having, in
+this tract, painted with affection, and with warm and high colours, the
+character of Mr. Hartlib.[31]
+
+Dr. JOHN BEALE, author of that celebrated little tract, the
+"Herefordshire Orchards, a pattern for the whole of England." _London_
+1657, 12mo.; 1724, 8vo. He addresses this to Mr. Hartlib, and thus
+commences it:--"Your industrious endeavours for the benefit of all men,
+and particularly for the good of this nation, hath well deserved the
+grateful acknowledgement of all good men, and of my self in special; for
+that in my rural retirement I have received some profit, and very much
+innocent and refreshing delights in the perusal of those treatises,
+which are by your diligent hand communicated to the publick." He thus
+affectionately concludes it:--"I briefly hint unto you what esteem we do
+truly owe unto your labours. I pray the Lord to remember your diligence
+in the great day of his appearance in glory. Your hearty well-wisher."
+In vol. 6 of the works of the Honourable Robert Boyle, are many letters
+from Dr. Beale. That dated Oct. 26, strongly paints his attachment to
+the fruits of Herefordshire, or whatever may tend to the benefit of that
+his native county. Mr. Boyle says of him, "There is not in life, a man
+in this whole island, nor on the continents beyond the seas, that could
+be made more universally useful to do good to all." And Mr. Gough, in
+his Topography, records the benefits he conferred on that county. Such a
+testimony as the above, from such a man as Mr. Boyle, is, indeed,
+honourable. The learned Boerhaave tells us who Mr. Boyle was: "Boyle,
+the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to the genius and
+enquiries of the great Verulam. Which of all Boyle's writings shall I
+recommend? All of them. To him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water,
+animals, vegetables, fossils, so that from his works may be reduced the
+whole system of natural knowledge." His charities amounted to L1000.
+annually. Dr. Beale resided chiefly at Hereford, (1660) when he was made
+Rector of Yeovil, Somersetshire, where he died in 1683, at the age of
+eighty. His other works are enumerated in Mr. Loudon's Encyclopaedia of
+Gardening. Mr. Evelyn, in the greatest of his works, (his Sylva,) adds
+to it Dr. Beale's advertisement concerning Cyder.
+
+William Brome, a principal ornament of Christ Church, a native of
+Herefordshire, and who afterwards lived in retirement at Ewithington, in
+that county, "formed the plan (says the late Mr. Dunster in his edition
+of Phillips's Cyder) of writing the Provincial History of his native
+county, a work for which he was eminently qualified, not only by his
+great and general learning, but as being particularly an excellent
+naturalist and antiquary. After having made a considerable progress, he
+abandoned his design, and, which is still more to be lamented, destroyed
+the valuable materials which he had collected." I merely introduce this
+to state, that from Mr. Brome, much information, in all likelihood,
+might have been gathered respecting Dr. Beale. We have to regret, that
+time and mortality, have now obliterated every fading trace of
+contemporary recollection of a man, who, in his day, was so highly
+esteemed.[32]
+
+ROBERT SHARROCK, Archdeacon of Winchester, and Rector of Bishop's
+Waltham, and of Horewood. Wood, in his Athenae, says, "he was accounted
+learned in divinity, in the civil and common law, and very knowing in
+vegetables, and all appertaining thereunto. He published The History of
+the Propagation and Improvement of Vegetables, by the concurrence of art
+and nature. _Oxford_, 1660, 8vo., and 1672, 8vo.: an account of which
+book you may see in the Phil. Trans. No. 84, page 5002." He also
+published Improvements to the Art of Gardening; or an exact Treatise on
+Plants. _London_, 1694; folio. This must have been a posthumous work, as
+he died in 1684.
+
+---- ILIFFE, in 1670, published in 12mo. The compleat Vineyard.
+
+JOHN REA, the author of "Flora, Ceres, and Pomona." It is enriched by a
+frontispiece engraved by D. Loggan. He dedicates the above folio, in
+1665, to Lord Gerard, of Gerard's Bromley. His lordship, it seems, about
+that time, determined to erect that noble mansion, which Plot has given
+us a plate of; and Rea, in this folio, enumerates those plants, fruits,
+and flowers, which he thinks this then-intended garden ought to be
+furnished with; and a small bit, or a piece or parcel, of which once
+most sumptuous garden, Plot gives us. "Altho' (says Rea) our country
+cannot boast the benignity of that beautiful planet which meliorates
+their fruit in Italy, France, and Spain; yet, by reflection from good
+walks, well gravelled walks, the choice of fit kinds, we may plentifully
+partake the pleasure, and yearly enjoy the benefit, of many delicious
+fruits: as also the admiration and delight in the infinite varieties of
+elegant forms, various colours, and numerous kinds of noble plants, and
+beautiful flowers, some whereof have been heretofore handled by a
+renowned person of your name; but since his time, nature hath discovered
+many new varieties, not known to former ages, as I hope shortly will
+appear in your own collections, gloriously adorning your spacious
+garden, which I wish may correspond, both in fashion and furniture, with
+that noble structure to which it appertaineth. Accept then, my honoured
+lord, this humble offering, which may possibly live to do you service,
+when I am dust and ashes, and, according to my highest ambition, remain
+as a testimony of my sincerest gratitude for the many favours I have
+received from your honour, your most accomplished lady, and that noble
+family from whence she is descended. I should here add my prayers for
+your honour's preservation, did I not reserve them for my morning
+sacrifice, daily to be presented to the immortal deities by him that
+is, your most humble and most devoted servant, John Rea." He addresses
+also a long poem to Lady Gerard, on Flora inviting her to walk in this
+garden, in which he celebrates her "bright beauty."
+
+   Self-loved _Narcissus_, if he look
+   On your fair eyes, will leave the brook,
+   And undeceived, soon will rue
+   He ever any loved but you.
+   If to the _hyacinth_ you turn,
+   He smiles, and quite forgets to mourn.
+   The enamoured _heliotrope_ will run
+   To your bright stars, and leave the sun.
+   Our _lilies_ here do make no show,
+   They whiter on your bosom grow,
+   And _violets_ appear but stains,
+   Compared with your bluer veins.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   New-blown buds, all scents excelling,
+   As you pass by, invite your smelling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Mark the glorious _tulips_ rise
+   In various dress, to take your eyes,
+   And how the fairest and all the rest
+   Strive which shall triumph on your breast.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Thus your rich beauty and rare parts
+   Excel all flowers, exceed all arts.
+   Live then, sweet lady, to inherit
+   Your father's fortune, and his spirit,
+   Your mother's face and virtuous mind.[33]
+
+Throughout this long poem, John Rea's warmth much exceeds that of the
+most romantic lovers. One of the latter only observes, that the flowers
+courted the tread of his fair one's foot; that the sky grew more
+beautiful in her presence, and that the atmosphere borrowed new
+splendour from her eyes. Rea's passion seems even warmer than this. In
+his address to the reader, he says, "I have continued my affection to
+this honest recreation, without companion or encouragement; and now in
+my old age, (wearied and weaned from other delights) find myself more
+happy in this retired solitude, than in all the bustles and busie
+employments of my passed days." He thus concludes his book:--
+
+              ---- this is all I crave:
+   Some gentle hand with flowers may strew my grave,
+   And with one sprig of bays my herse befriend,
+   When as my life, as now my book, doth end.
+
+   Laus Deo.
+
+Rea gives us also another very long poem, being that of "Flora to the
+Ladies," which he thus concludes:--
+
+   Silent as flow'rs may you in virtues grow,
+   Till rip'ning time shall make you fit to blow,
+   Then flourish long, and seeding leave behind
+   A numerous offspring of your dainty kind;
+   And when fate calls, have nothing to repent,
+   But die like flow'rs, virtuous and innocent.
+   Then all your fellow flow'rs, both fair and sweet,
+   Will come, with tears, to deck your winding-sheet;
+   Hang down their pensive heads so dew'd, and crave
+   To be transplanted to your perfum'd grave.
+
+These love poems seem all to have been written in his old age; and that
+passion causes him thus to open his first book:--"Love was the inventor,
+and is still the maintainer, of every noble science. It is chiefly that
+which hath made my flowers and trees to flourish, though planted in a
+barren desert, and hath brought me to the knowledge I now have in plants
+and planting; for indeed it is impossible for any man to have any
+considerable collection of plants to prosper, unless he love them: for
+neither the goodness of the soil, nor the advantage of the situation,
+will do it, without the master's affection; it is that which renders
+them strong and vigorous; without which they will languish and decay
+through neglect, and soon cease to do him service. I have seen many
+gardens of the new model, in the hands of unskilful persons, with good
+walls, walks and grass-plots; but in the most essential adornments so
+deficient, that a green meadow is a more delightful object; there nature
+alone, without the aid of art, spreads her verdant carpets,
+spontaneously embroidered with many pretty plants and pleasing flowers,
+far more inviting than such an immured nothing. And as noble fountains,
+grottoes, statues, &c. are excellent ornaments and marks of
+magnificence, so all such dead works in gardens, ill done, are little
+better than blocks in the way to intercept the sight, but not at all to
+satisfy the understanding. A choice collection of living beauties, rare
+plants, flowers and fruits, are indeed the wealth, glory, and delight of
+a garden." He seems enamoured with tulips. He describes no less than one
+hundred and ninety different sorts. He calls them "Flora's choicest
+jewels, and the most glorious ornaments of the best gardens. Such is
+their rarity and excellence, and so numerous are the varieties, that it
+is not possible any one person in the world should be able to express,
+or comprehend the half of them, every new spring discovering many new
+diversities never before observed, either arising from the seeds of some
+choice kinds, the altering of off-sets, or by the busy and secret
+working of nature upon several self-colours, in different soils and
+situations, together with the help of art."[34] Switzer says, "the
+practical and plain method in which he has delivered his precepts, are
+admirable." There is a second edition of the Flora, _with additions_.
+What these are, I know not; unless they are the cuts of parterres, which
+were omitted in the first edition. There is an edition in 1696.
+
+
+JOHN WORLIDGE published his Systema Agriculturae in folio, 1668; second
+edition in 1675, folio: fourth edition in 1687, folio. An octavo edition
+1716, with its English title of "A compleat System of Husbandry and
+Gardening, or the Gentleman's Companion in the Business and Pleasures of
+a Country life." In the preface to this, and indeed throughout all his
+works, we may trace his fondness for gardens. The great variety of rural
+subjects treated on in this book, may be seen in its Index, or full
+Analysis. In his second section "Of the profits and pleasures of
+fruit-trees," he strongly enforces the planting of vineyards.
+
+His Systema Horticulturae, or the Art of Gardening, was published in
+1677, 8vo.; a third edition 1688; a fourth edition 1719.
+
+Vinetum Britannicum, or a Treatise on Cyder, and other Wines and Drinks,
+extracted from Fruits: to which is added, a Discourse on Bees; 8vo.,
+_second impression, much enlarged_, 1678. He therein thus paints the
+pleasures of a garden:--"The exercises of planting, grafting, pruning,
+and walking in them, very much tendeth to salubrity, as also doth the
+wholesome airs found in them, which have been experienced not only to
+cure several distempers incident to our nature, but to tend towards the
+prolongation of life. For nothing can be more available to health and
+long life, than a sedate quiet mind, attended with these rural delights,
+a healthful air, and moderate exercise, which may here be found in all
+seasons of the year."
+
+He also published, The Second Parts of Systema Agriculturae, 8vo. 1689.
+
+The Second Part of Vinetum Britannicum, 8vo. 1689. This is usually bound
+with the above.
+
+His attachment to whatever concerns a rural life, shines through most of
+his pages. Take the few following for a specimen:--
+
+In his description of the month of _April_, he says, "In this month your
+garden appears in its greatest beauty, the blossoms of the fruit-trees
+prognosticate the plenty of fruits for all the succeeding summer months,
+unless prevented by untimely frosts or blights. The bees now buz in
+every corner of your garden to seek for food; the birds sing in every
+bush, and the sweet nightingale tunes her warbling notes in your
+solitary walks, whilst the other birds are at their rest. The beasts of
+the woods look out into the plains, and the fishes of the deep sport
+themselves in the shallow waters. The air is wholesome, and the earth
+pleasant, beginning now to be cloathed in nature's best array, exceeding
+all art's glory. This is the time that whets the wits of several nations
+to prove their own country to have been the _Garden of Eden_, or the
+terrestrial paradise, however it appears all the year besides. In case
+unseasonable weather hinders not, the pleasantness and salubrity of the
+air now tempts the sound to the free enjoyment of it, rather than to
+enjoy the pleasures of _Bacchus_ in a smoaky corner." In his month of
+_May_, he says, "He that delights not in physick, let him now exercise
+himself in the _garden_, and take the smell of the earth with the rising
+sun, than which to the virtuously inclined, there is nothing more
+pleasant; for now is nature herself full of mirth, and the senses stored
+with delights, and variety of pleasures." His month of _July_ thus
+recommends itself: "Grotts and shady groves are more seasonable to
+recreate yourself in than the open air, unless it be late in the
+evening, or early in the morning, to such that can afford time to take a
+nap after noon."
+
+In his Syst. Hort. he observes, that "A fair stream or current flowing
+through or near your _garden_, adds much to the glory and pleasure of
+it: on the banks of it you may plant several aquatick exoticks, and have
+your seats or places of repose under their umbrage, and there satiate
+yourself with the view of the curling streams, and its nimble
+inhabitants. These gliding streams refrigerate the air in a summer
+evening, and render their banks so pleasant, that they become resistless
+charms to your senses, by the murmuring noise, the undulation of the
+water, the verdant banks and shades over them, the sporting fish
+confined within your own limits, the beautiful swans; and by the
+pleasant notes of singing birds, that delight in groves, on the banks of
+such rivulets."[35]
+
+And in his preface to this last work, he says, "My principal design
+being not only to excite or animate such as have fair estates, and
+pleasant seats in the country, to adorn and beautifie them; but to
+encourage the honest and plain countryman in the improvement of his
+Ville, by enlarging the bounds and limits of his _Gardens_, as well as
+his _Orchards_, for the encrease of such esculent plants as may be
+useful and beneficial to himself and his neighbors."
+
+
+FRANCIS DROPE, B. D., who died at Oxford, and whose father was Vicar of
+Cumner, in Berkshire. Wood, in his Athenae, says, "he hath written on a
+subject which he much delighted in, and wherein he spent much time, but
+which was not published till his death: A short and sure guide to the
+practice of raising, and ordering of fruit trees, _Oxford_, 1672, 12mo.,
+a large and laudable account of which you may see in the Phil. Trans.
+No. 86, p. 10, 49."
+
+
+MOSES COOKE, Gardener to the Earl of Essex, at Cashiobury, afterwards a
+partner with Lucre, Field and London, in the Brompton Park Nursery. He
+wrote "The Art of making Cyder," published in Mr. Evelyn's works. The
+manner of raising Forest Trees, 4to. 1696. Other editions in 8vo. in
+1717, 1724, and 1770. Mr. Evelyn (speaking of Cashiobury) says, "The
+gardens are very rare, and cannot be otherwise, having so skilful an
+artist to govern them as Cooke." Moses Cooke, in his preface, justly
+says, "Planting and Gardening add much to the health and content of man;
+and these two jewels no man that well understands himself, would
+willingly be without; for it is not only set down for a certain truth by
+many wise men, but confirmed by experience. The learned Lord Bacon
+commends the following of the plough in fresh ground, to be very
+healthful for man; but more, the digging in gardens." His pages, here
+and there, record some of "the fine stately trees that we have growing
+in the woods at Cashiobury." Cooke unfortunately fancied himself a poet;
+but gratitude to his noble master, and loyalty to his king, seem to have
+been the motives of his inspiration. "One night (methought) walking up
+one of my Lord's lime-walks, I heard the grateful trees thus paying the
+tribute of their thanks to his lordship:--
+
+   Like pyramids our stately tops we'll raise,
+   To sing our noble benefactor's praise;
+   Freshly we will to after-ages show
+   What noble Essex did on us bestow:
+   For we our very being owe to him,
+   Or else we had long since intombed been
+   In crop of bird, or in beast's belly found,
+   Or met our death neglected on the ground.
+   By him we cherish'd were with dung and spade,
+   For which we'll recompense him with our shade.
+   And since his kindness saw us prun'd so well,
+   We will requite him with our fragrant smell;
+   In winter (as in gratitude is meet)
+   We'll strew our humble leaves beneath his feet.
+   Nay, in each tree, root, trunk, branch, all will be
+   Proud to serve him and his posterity."
+
+And he thus invokes the stately oak, after enumerating many of the rich
+commodities which this tree bears through our Thames:--
+
+   Of silks and satins fine, to clothe the back;
+   Of wines, Italian, French, and Spanish sack.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   'T was faithful oak preserved our king, that we
+   Might thence learn lessons of true loyalty.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   When in salt seas Sir Francis Drake did steer,
+   Sailing in oak he say'd one day i'th'year.
+   His oak, which the terrestrial globe did measure,
+   Through dangers led him t' honour, profit, pleasure.
+   No wood like oak that grows upon the ground,
+   To make our house and ships last long and sound;
+   No oak like ours: by love to oak let's then
+   Appear true subjects, and right Englishmen.
+
+
+ANTHONY LAWRENCE published in 4to. 1677, Nurseries, Orchards, Profitable
+Gardens, and Vineyards Encouraged.
+
+
+JOHN READ, "one of the earliest Scotch gardening writers." He wrote "The
+Scotch Gardener," 1683, 4to. An Edinburgh edition in 8vo. 1766; to which
+is added, a short Treatise of Forest Trees, by the Earl of Haddington.
+
+
+J. GIBSON, who wrote A Short Account of several Gardens near London, as
+viewed in 1681, in vol. xii of the Archaeologia.
+
+
+T. LANGFORD wrote Plain and Full Instructions to raise all sorts of
+Fruit Trees that prosper in England; with Directions for making Liquors
+of all sorts of Fruits; 8vo. 1681. To the second edition, in 1696, is
+prefixed a very handsome epistle from Mr. Evelyn, in which he says, "As
+I know nothing extant that exceeds it, so nor do I of any thing which
+needs be added to it." Also,
+
+The Practical Planter of Fruit Trees; 8vo. 1681. Also, Systemae
+Agriculturae, being the Mystery of Husbandry Discovered; folio, 1681.
+
+
+LEONARD MEAGER'S Portrait perhaps we may not be very desirous to
+discover, when he tells his readers, neither to "sow, plant, nor graft,
+or meddle with any thing relating to gardening, when the sun or moon is
+eclipsed, or on that day, nor when the moon is afflicted by either of
+the unfortunate planets, viz. Mars or Saturn."[36] His English Gardner,
+in 4to. with cuts, came out in 1683; the ninth edition came out in 1699,
+4to.; it contains several clearly pointed plates of knots, or parterres.
+
+Meager also published The New Art of Gardening, with the Gardener's
+Almanack; 8vo. 1697; and
+
+The Mystery of Husbandry; 12mo. 1699.
+
+The many editions that came out of Meager's English Gardner,
+sufficiently shews the estimation in which his book was held.
+
+GEORGE LONDON and HENRY WISE, so eminent in their day, that, as a
+contemporary says, "If the stock of their nurseries at Brompton Park,
+were valued at one penny a plant, the amount would exceed L40,000. Mr.
+Evelyn declares, that we may place the above nursery above the greatest
+works of that kind ever seen or heard of, either in books or travels."
+Mr. Evelyn again calls it "that vast ample collection which I have
+lately seen, and well considered, at Brompton Park; the very sight of
+which alone, gives an idea of something that is greater than I can well
+express. One needs no more than to take a walk to Brompton Park, (on a
+fair morning) to behold and admire what a magazine these industrious men
+have provided." The Rev. John Laurence, in his Clergyman's Recreation,
+willingly attests their skill, integrity, and reputation, "so well
+established amongst the nobility and gentry."
+
+Mr. London's grateful apprentice, Switzer, thus affectionately and
+zealously records them in his History of Gardening, prefixed to his
+Iconologia:--"But now let us look amongst the nobility and gentry, which
+at this time were every where busied in making and adorning their
+gardens and plantations. To enumerate and set down the history of
+gardening in its several particulars in this reign, would require a
+volume of itself, but will be for the most part summed up in the person
+and character of _George London, Esq._ Superintendent of their Majesties
+gardens, and Director-General of most of the gardens and plantations of
+Great Britain. I am not well enough informed, neither is it material I
+should go back to the birth and education of this eminent gardener; his
+industry and natural parts soon and sufficiently recommended him to the
+nobility and gentry, that he was _courted and caressed by all_; so true
+it is, _That the gifts of nature are much more valuable than those of
+original birth and fortune, or even learning itself_. And to the eternal
+honour of the present age be it spoken, never was virtue, laudable
+industry, nor art more encouraged, of which the person we are here
+speaking of is an undeniable instance. I shall content myself therefore
+to find him under the care and instruction of Mr. _Rose_ (whose
+character has been already drawn). The early and vigorous appearances he
+made in business were soon discovered by his master, who spared no
+pains, nor hindered him of any liberty, whereby he might improve
+himself. After he had been with him about four or five years, he sent
+him (if I am right informed) into France, the great seat of learning at
+that time in the world, especially in the errand he went about. Soon
+after he returned, he was preferred to the Bishop of London's service
+before-mentioned; and, in a few years more, he (with his associates)
+entered on that great undertaking of Brompton Park; and upon the
+Revolution, was made superintendant of all their Majesties gardens, for
+which he had L200. a year, and a Page of the Back Stairs to Queen Mary.
+Mr. London and Mr. Wise being joined partners, and thus, as it were,
+both possessed of the royal favour, and the purses of the king, queen,
+and nobility, left no stone unturned to carry on their designs. Soon
+after the peace of Reswyck, Mr. London took another journey into France,
+with the Right Honourable the Earl of Portland, that was sent, by King
+William, Ambassador-Extraordinary on that occasion; and then it was that
+he made those observations on the fruit gardens at Versailles, which are
+published in the preface to their abridgement. After the death of the
+Queen, and not many years after her the King, their royal successor,
+Queen Anne, of pious memory, committed the care of her gardens in chief
+to Mr. Wise, Mr. London still pursuing his business in the country. It
+will perhaps be hardly believed in time to come, that this one person
+actually saw and gave directions once or twice a year in most of the
+noblemen's and gentlemen's gardens in England. And since it was common
+for him to ride fifty or sixty miles in a day, he made his northern
+circuit in five or six weeks, and sometimes less; and his western in as
+little time; as for the south and east, they were but three or four
+days' work for him; most times twice a year visiting all the country
+seats, conversing with gentlemen, and forwarding the business of
+gardening in such a degree as is almost impossible to describe. In the
+mean time his colleague managed matters nearer home with a dexterity and
+care equal to his character; and in truth they have deserved so much of
+the world, that it is but common justice to transmit their memory to
+ages to come. To speak more particularly of the knowledge Mr. London was
+supposed to be master of in this matter, the little opportunity he had
+in laying a foundation of learning, was, without doubt, a great
+obstruction to his progress in occult philosophy, which is involved in
+so many hard terms; this, nevertheless, he overcame purely by industry;
+and what he wanted in one, he abounded with in the other. He was
+perfectly well skilled in fruit, which seemed to be his master-piece; as
+for other parts, as greens, trees, flowers, exoticks, and the like, he
+certainly had as much knowledge as any one man living; and though he
+might not come up to the highest pitch of design always, yet that might
+be attributed to the haste he was generally in; and it can be no great
+blemish to his character, that he was not the greatest person in every
+thing, when it is surprising to find he could possibly know so much; so
+great a surprise indeed, that we must hardly ever expect his equal, much
+less any one that will exceed him. The planting and raising of all sorts
+of trees is so much due to this undertaking, that it will be hard for
+any of posterity to lay their hands on a tree in any of these kingdoms,
+that have not been a part of their care. Mr. London, by his great
+fatigues in heat and cold, notwithstanding naturally of a healthy,
+strong constitution, was at last seized with an illness, which carried
+him off after a few months' sickness. I shall take no other notice of
+him than what relates to my purpose in gardening, in which he has left a
+laudable example to all that shall have the encouragement to enter, and
+the courage and strength to perform what he did. He died towards
+Christmas in the year 1713."
+
+In the preface to his Iconologia, he again mentions them:--"Had their
+leisure been equal to their experience, the world might from them have
+reasonably expected the compleatest System of Gardening that any age or
+country has produced. It is to them we owe most of those valuable
+precepts in gardening now in use, and their memory ought to be
+transmitted to posterity, with the same care as those of the greatest
+and most laborious philosophers and heroes, who by their writing and
+practice have deserved so well of the world."
+
+He again mentions his old master, Mr. London:--"In fine, he was the
+person that refined the business and pleasure of kitchen and fruit
+gardens to a pitch beyond what was ever till that time seen, and more
+than was thought possible for one man ever to do; and (till the
+succession of two eminent persons in these kingdoms, who have very much
+outstript him) has not had his fellow in any century that history gives
+us account of."
+
+Switzer, speaking of Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, says, "He was a
+great encourager of Mr. London, and probably very much assisted him in
+his great designs. This reverend father was one of the first that
+encouraged the importation, raising and increase of exoticks, in which
+he was the most curious man in that time, or perhaps will be in any
+age. He had above one thousand species of exotick plants in his stoves
+and gardens."
+
+No monument has, I believe, been erected to Mr. London's memory,
+deservedly eminent and esteemed as he was in his day, _courted and
+caressed by all_, nor can I find out even where he was born or buried.
+If one could obtain a resemblance of him, one hopes his Picture, or his
+Bust, may not deserve the censure of our noble poet:
+
+   What is the end of fame? 'tis but to fill
+   A certain portion of uncertain paper;
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   To have, when the original is dust,
+   A name, a wretched _picture_, and worse _bust_.[37]
+
+The two following works were published by them:--
+
+The Complete Gardener, &c. by Mons. de la Quintinye. Now compendiously
+abridged, and made of more use; with very considerable Improvements. By
+George London and Henry Wise. To which is prefixed, An Address to the
+Nobility and Gentry, by J. Evelyn, Esq.; folio, 1693; octavo, 1699,
+1717. Seventh edition in 1719. There is a curious plate of a garden
+prefixed, and two neat ones at page 22. There are also other cuts. Mr.
+Evelyn wrote this Address purposely to recommend their "extraordinary
+and rare industry." And he also wrote the Preliminary Discourse to that
+part which relates to Fruit-trees, wherein he thus breaks out:--"Let us
+but take a turn or two in a well-contrived and planted garden; and see
+what a surprising scene presents itself in the vernal bloom, diffusing
+its fragrant and odoriferous wafts, with their ravishing sweets; the
+tender blossoms curiously enamelled; the variously-figured shapes of the
+verdant foliage, dancing about, and immantling the laden branches of the
+choicest fruit; some hiding their blushing cheeks; others displaying
+their beauties, and even courting the eye to admire; others the hand to
+gather, and all of them to taste their delicious pulps. Can any thing be
+more delightful, than to behold an ample square (in a benign aspect)
+tapestried and adorned with such a glorious embroidery of festoons, and
+fruitages, depending from the yielding boughs, pregnant with their
+offspring, and pouring forth their plenty and store, as out of so many
+Amalthean horns? Some tinctured with the loveliest white and red; others
+an azurine-purple; others striped with an incarnadine, as over a tissue
+of vegetable gold. Colours of an oriency, that mock the pencil of the
+most exquisite artist; and with which their native beauty, perfume,
+fragrancy, and taste, gratify and entertain more senses at once, than
+does any sublunary object in all unvitiated nature besides."
+
+Their other Work was thus announced in one of the original numbers of
+the Spectator, which came out in small folio weekly numbers, and a
+portion of each number was appropriated to advertisements. It was thus
+advertised in that of May 5th, 1711:--"The Retired Gardener. Vol. i.
+Being a Translation of Le Jardinier Solitaire; or, Dialogues between a
+Gentleman and a Gardener: containing the methods of making, ordering,
+and improving a fruit and kitchen garden; together with the manner of
+planting and cultivating flowers, plants, and shrubs, necessary for the
+adorning of gardens, &c. Vol. ii. containing the manner of planting and
+cultivating all sorts of flowers, plants, and shrubs, necessary for the
+adorning of gardens; in which is explained, the art of making and
+disposing of parterres, arbours of greens, wood works, arches, columns,
+and other pieces and compartments usually found in the most beautiful
+gardens of country seats. The whole enriched with variety of Figures,
+being a Translation from the Sieur Louis Liger. To this volume is added,
+a Description and Plan of Count Tallard's Garden, at Nottingham. The
+whole revised by George London and Henry Wise. Printed for Jacob Tonson,
+at Shakspeare's Head, over against Catherine-street in the Strand." This
+book, after giving the mode of culture of most flowers, generally gives
+what the author calls _its history_. I will merely give its history of
+one flower:--"On a day when they were keeping holiday in heaven, Flora
+summoned all the deities that preside over gardens, and, when they were
+met, addressed herself to them in this manner: 'You, who have always
+been the shining ornaments of my court, I have now called together, to
+consult in a matter of great importance. I know I am the sovereign of
+all the flowery kind; but for the more firm establishment of my empire,
+I am thinking to choose them a Queen of a spotless and unblemished
+reputation; but will do nothing of this nature without your counsel and
+assistance.' To these words, all the deities that were present, having
+first filled the court with murmurs, answered in this manner: 'Great
+goddess, be pleased to reflect a little on the animosities such a choice
+may create among the rival flowers; even the worthless Thistle will
+pretend to deserve the crown, and if denied, will perhaps grow factious,
+and disturb your peaceful reign.' 'Your fears are groundless,' replied
+the goddess; 'I apprehend no such consequence; my resolution is already
+fixed; hear, therefore, what I have determined:--In the deep recesses of
+a wood, where formerly the oaks were vocal, and pronounced oracles to
+mortals, at the foot of a little hill is a grotto, whose structure is
+nature's master-piece, there a wood nymph passed her quiet days; she was
+extremely beautiful, and charmed all that beheld her; her looks, her
+mien, and her behaviour had something of more than human; and indeed she
+was the daughter of a Dryad, and of a sylvan god. Her chastity and
+devotion equalled her beauty, she was perfectly resigned to the will of
+heaven, and never undertook any thing without having first implored our
+assistance; her heart was pure, and her hands undefiled. This nymph is
+dead, and my intention is to raise a flower from her precious remains,
+to be Queen of all the flowery race. The applauding gods straight
+prepared for the ceremony; _Priapus_ put on a grave countenance;
+_Vertumnus_ loaded himself with perfumes of an excellent scent; _Pomona_
+heaped up canisters with all sorts of richest fruits; _Venus_ was
+attended with a train of smiles and graces; _Vesta_ promised wonders;
+and _Bacchus_ supplied rivers of nectar, and crowned vast goblets with
+that divine liquor. In this equipage they left their celestial mansions,
+and repaired to the grotto, where they saw the dead body of the nymph
+stretched along on a soft couch of turf, and approaching it with
+profound awe and silence, prepared to pay the sacred rites; and Flora,
+having thrice bowed herself to the ground, was heard to pronounce this
+prayer:--'Almighty Jupiter, great ruler of the universe, exert thy
+creating power, and from the dead corpse of this lovely nymph let a
+plant arise, and bear no less lovely flowers, to be Queen of all thou
+hast already created.' Scarce had she made an end, when, behold a
+wondrous change! The nymph's extended limbs were turned into branches,
+and her hair into leaves; a shrub sprung up, adorned with sprouting
+buds, which straight unfolding, disclosed a fragrant and vermilion
+flower; a sudden light filled all the grotto, and the well-pleased
+goddess breathed thrice on the new-born babe, to spread it into life,
+and give it an odorous soul. Then seeing the vegetable Queen adorned
+with every grace, she kissed her thrice, and, breaking the general
+silence, revealed her secret joy. 'Approach,' said she, 'at my command,
+oh, all ye flowers, and pay your grateful homage to your Queen, the
+ROSE, for that is the name I give her.' Then taking a crown in her hand,
+that had been made on purpose in heaven, she placed it on the head of
+the new-made majesty; while to complete the ceremony, the attending gods
+sung joyful _Io Paeans_, amidst a symphony of flutes, harps, and all
+other tuneful instruments, with which the air resounded, while Flora and
+her bright celestial train ascended back rejoicing into heaven."[38]
+
+
+JOHN JAMES, who translated Le Blond's "Theory and Practice of Gardening,
+wherein is fully handled all that relates to fine gardens, commonly
+called Pleasure-gardens," cuts, 4to. 1712.
+
+
+M. STEVENSON published in small 4to. 1661, a book called The Twelve
+Months, being a Treatise on Husbandry and Gardening.
+
+
+The Rev. HENRY STEVENSON, of East Retford, published "The Young
+Gardener's Director," 1716, 12mo. He has introduced Mr. Evelyn's advice
+as to having salads in each month. There is a neat cut of flower-knots,
+and the frontispiece exhibits a curious old garden. In the preface he
+says, "not to mention the profit to a family, nothing conduces more to a
+man's health, especially to one that lives a sedentary life. If these
+observations and experiments I have made in gardening, be of use to any
+by drawing him to a way of diversion that will preserve his health, and
+perhaps put him upon a meditation on the great works of the creation,
+let him give the Creator the praise." He also published "The Gentleman
+Gardener Instructed;" eighth edition, 12mo. 1769.
+
+
+DAVID STEVENSON, in 1746, published in 12mo. The Gentleman Gardener
+Instructed. Is this the same book as the above?
+
+
+STEPHEN SWITZER, of whose private history so very little is known, but
+whose works shew him to have been an honest, unassuming, humane,
+religious, most industrious, and ingenious man. We only know that he had
+a garden on Milbank, and another _near_ Vauxhall; and that he died, I
+believe, about 1745. He dates his Letter on the Cythesis, from New
+Palace Yard, 1730. He was a native of _Hampshire_; for in his Fruit
+Gardener, speaking of walnut-trees, he says, "The best I ever saw are
+those that grow upon chalk. Such are those that grow about _Ewell_, near
+_Epsom_, and in many places of my own native county of _Hampshire_,
+there being one cut down some few years ago in the Park belonging to the
+Right Honourable the Lady _Russell_, at _Stratton_, that did spread, at
+least, fifty yards diameter." He acknowledges, without murmuring, his
+meanness of fortune, and his having industriously submitted "to the
+meanest labours of the scythe, spade, and wheel-barrow." He became,
+however, eminent in his day, and added much to the beauty and
+magnificence of the gardens of many of our chief nobility and gentry. He
+wrote a history of the art he so loved, and therefore his classic
+History of Gardening, prefixed to his Ichnographia Rustica, merits the
+perusal of every one attached to gardens; and paints in strong colours
+his own devotion to that art; and which he thus concludes:--"In short,
+next to the more immediate duties of religion, 'tis in the innocency of
+these employs, thus doing, thus planting, dressing, and busying
+themselves, that all wise and intelligent persons would be found, when
+Death, the king of terrors, shall close their eyes, and they themselves
+be obliged to bid an eternal farewell to these and all other sublunary
+pleasures;" and he who was thus fond of breathing the sweet and fragrant
+air of gardens, thus expresses his own (perhaps expiring) wish in the
+lines of Cowley:
+
+   Sweet shades, adieu! here let my dust remain,
+   Covered with flowers, and free from noise and pain;
+   Let evergreens the turfy tomb adorn,
+   And roseate dews (the glory of the morn)
+   My carpet deck; then let my soul possess
+   The happier scenes of an eternal bliss.
+
+He asks "What solid pleasure is there not to be found in gardening? Its
+pursuit is easy, quiet, and such as put neither the body nor mind into
+those violent agitations, or precipitate and imminent dangers that many
+other exercises (in themselves very warrantable) do. The end of this is
+health, peace, and plenty, and the happy prospect of felicities more
+durable than any thing in these sublunary regions, and to which this is
+(next to the duties of religion) the surest path." His attachment to
+some of our own poets, and to the classic authors of antiquity,
+discovers itself in many of his pages; and his devout turn of mind
+strongly shines throughout. His allusion to Homer, in vol. iii. page 7,
+sufficiently shews how ardently this industrious servant, this barrow
+wheeler, must have searched the great writers of ancient times, to
+discover their attachment to rural nature, and to gardens. His candid
+and submissive mind thus speaks:--"If we would, therefore, arrive at any
+greater perfection than we are in gardening, we must cashiere that
+mathematical stiffness in our gardens, and imitate nature more; how that
+is to be done, will appear in the following chapters, which though they
+may not be, as new designs scarce ever are, the most perfect, it will at
+least excite some after-master to take pen and pencil in hand, and
+finish what is here thus imperfectly begun, and this is my comfort, that
+I shall envy no man that does it. I have, God be praised, learned to
+admire, and not envy every one that outgoes me: and this will, I hope,
+go a great way in making me easy and happy under the pressures of a very
+narrow fortune, and amidst the ruffles of an ill-natured world. I have
+tasted too severely of the lashes of man, to take any great
+satisfaction in any thing but doing my duty."[39] In his devout and
+magnificent Essay on the Sun, he says, "'tis admirable that this planet
+should, through so many ages of the world, maintain an uninterrupted
+course, that in so many thousands of revolving years, it should retain
+the same light, heat, and vigour, and every morning renew its wonted
+alacrity, and dart its cherishing beams on these dull and gloomy scenes
+of melancholy and misery, and yet that so few of us rightly consider its
+power, or are thankful to Divine Omnipotence for it. The great Roscommon
+(not greater than good) speaks of it with divine transport, and exhorts
+mankind to admire it, from the benefits and celestial beams it displays
+on the world:--
+
+   Great eye of all, whose glorious ray
+   Rules the bright empire of the day;
+   O praise his name, without whose purer light
+   Thou hadst been hid in an abyss of night."[40]
+
+Switzer (as appears from the Preface to his Iconologia) was so struck
+with the business and pleasures of a country life, that he collected, or
+meant to collect, whatever he could respecting this subject, scattered
+up and down as they were in loose irregular papers and books; but this
+work, we regret to say, never made its appearance. That he would have
+done this well, may be guessed at from so many of his pages recording
+what he calls "the eternal duration" of Virgil's works, or those of "the
+noble and majestic" Milton:--
+
+   Flowers worthy of Paradise, which no nice art
+   In beds, and curious knots, but nature boon
+   Pour'd forth profuse on hill, and dale, and plain.
+
+Though prim regularity, and "parterres embroidered like a petticoat,"
+were in his time in high vogue, yet his pages shew his enlarged views on
+this subject, and the magnificent ideas he had formed, by surrounding
+them by rural enclosures, (probably by reading Mr. Addison), perfumed
+with blossoms, and bespangled with the rich tufts of nature. Nothing, he
+says, is now so much wanted to complete the grandeur of the British
+nation, as noble and magnificent gardens, statues, and water-works; long
+extended shady walks, and groves, and the adjacent country laid open to
+view, and not bounded by high walls. The pleasant fields, and paddocks,
+in all the beautiful attire of nature, would then appear to be a part of
+it, and look as if the adjacent country were all a garden. Walls take
+away the rural aspect of any seat; wood, water, and such like, being the
+noble and magnificent decorations of a country villa. Switzer calls
+water the spirit and most enchanting beauty of nature. He is so struck
+with "the beautifulness and nobleness of terrace walks," and
+particularly with that truly magnificent and noble one, belonging to the
+Right Honourable the Earl of Nottingham, at _Burleigh-on-the-Hill_, that
+"for my own part I must confess, that that design creates an idea in my
+mind greater than I am well able to express." In his chapter of "Woods
+and Groves," he enforces "a particular regard to large old oaks, beech,
+and such like trees; in which case, one would as soon fire one's house,
+as cut them down, since it is the work of so many years, I may say ages,
+to rear them; those ancient trees which our forefathers had all along
+preserved with much care."[41] In some of the romantic embellishments
+which he proposed in the midst of a grove, or coppice, he hints at
+having "little gardens, with caves, little natural cascades and grotts
+of water, with seats, and arbors of honeysuckles and jessamine, and, in
+short, with all the varieties that nature and art can furnish." He
+advises "little walks and paths running through such pastures as adjoin
+the gardens, passing through little paddocks, and corn fields, sometimes
+through wild coppices, and gardens, and sometimes by purling brooks, and
+streams; places that are set off not by _nice art_, but by luxury of
+nature." And again, "these hedge-rows mixed with primroses, violets, and
+such natural sweet and pleasant flowers; the walks that thus lead
+through them, will afford as much pleasure, nay, more so, than the
+largest walk in the most magnificent and elaborate fine garden."[42] He
+concludes his interesting Chapter of Woods and Coppices, with these
+lines of Tickell:--
+
+   Sweet solitude! when life's gay hours are past,
+   Howe'er we range, in thee we fix at last:
+   Tost thro' tempestuous seas, the voyage o'er,
+   Pale we look back, and bless the friendly shore.
+   Our own strict judges, our past life we scan,
+   And ask if glory have enlarg'd the span.
+   If bright the prospect, we the grave defy,
+   Trust future ages, and contented die.
+
+The following appear to have been his works:--
+
+     1. The Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gardener's Recreation; or an
+     Introduction to Gardening, Planting, Agriculture, and the other
+     Business and Pleasures of a Country Life. By Stephen Switzer; 1715,
+     8vo. Another edition in 1717, 8vo. The year afterwards, it was
+     published with the following title:--
+
+     2. Icknographia Rustica; or, the Nobleman, Gentleman, and
+     Gardener's Recreation: containing Directions for the general
+     Distribution of a Country Seat into rural and extensive Gardens,
+     Parks, Paddocks, &c.; and a General System of Agriculture;
+     illustrated by a great variety of Copperplates, done by the first
+     hands, _from the Author's Drawings_. By Stephen Switzer, Gardener:
+     several years Servant to Mr. London, and Mr. Wise. 3 vols. 8vo.
+     1718.
+
+     3. A Compendious Method for Raising Italian Brocoli, Cardoon,
+     Celeriac, and other Foreign Kitchen Vegetables; as also an Account
+     of Lucerne, St. Foyne, Clover, and other Grass Seeds, with the
+     Method of Burning of Clay; 8vo. 1729. Fifth edition, 8vo. 1731, 1s.
+     6d.[43]
+
+     4. An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostaticks and
+     Hydraulicks, wherein the most advantageous Methods of Watering
+     Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Seats, Buildings, Gardens, &c. are laid
+     down. With Sixty Copper Cuts of Rural and Grotesque Designs for
+     Reservoirs, Cataracts, Cascades, Fountains, &c.; 2 vols. 4to.
+     1729.[44]
+
+     5. A Dissertation on the True Cythesus of the Ancients; 8vo. 1731;
+     1s. 6d. A classic production. At the end, he gives a Catalogue of
+     the Seeds, &c. sold by him at the Flower-pot, _over against the
+     Court of Common Pleas, in Westminster; or at his garden on
+     Millbank_.[45]
+
+     6. Country Gentleman's Companion, or Ancient Husbandry Restored,
+     and Modern Husbandry Improved; 8vo. 1732, 1s. 6d.
+
+     7. Switzer was the chief conductor of Monthly Papers on
+     Agriculture, in 2 vols. 8vo., and he himself designed the Two
+     Frontispieces. To be sold at his Seed Shop _in Westminster Hall_.
+
+     8. The Practical Fruit Gardener; 8vo. Cuts, 1717. Other editions,
+     8vo. 1724, 1731, Revised and recommended by the Rev. Mr. Lawrence
+     and Mr. Bradley, with their Two Letters of Recommendation.
+
+In this later edition of 1731, are a few additions. In one of its
+concluding chapters, he mentions "my worthy and ingenious friend, Sir
+James Thornhill." This pleasing volume, after stating the excellency of
+fruits, observes, "if fruit trees had no other advantage attending them
+than to _look_ upon them, how pleasurable would _that_ be? Since there
+is no flowering shrub excels, if equals that of a _peach_, or _apple
+tree_ in bloom. The tender enamelled blossoms, verdant foliage, with
+such a glorious embroidery of festoons and fruitages, wafting their
+odours on every blast of wind, and at last bowing down their laden
+branches, ready to yield their pregnant offspring into the hands of
+their laborious planter and owner."[46]
+
+
+JOHN TAVERNER published, in 1660, a little Treatise, called The Making
+of Fish Ponds, Breeding Fish, and _Planting Fruits_. Printed several
+times, says Wood, in his Athenae.
+
+
+RICHARD BRADLEY. The Encyclopaedia of Gardening pronounces him "a popular
+writer of very considerable talent, and indefatigable industry;" and
+speaks highly of the interesting knowledge diffused through his very
+numerous works, and gives a distinct list of them; so does Mr. Nicholls,
+in his Life of Bowyer; and Mr. Weston, in his Tracts, and Dr. Watts, in
+his Bib. Britt. In Mr. Bradley's "New Improvements of Planting and
+Gardening," he has added the whole of that scarce Tract of Dr. Beale's,
+the _Herefordshire Orchards_. One could wish to obtain his portrait,
+were it only from his pen so well painting the alluring charms of
+flowers:--"_Primroses_ and _Cowslips_, may be planted near the edges of
+borders, and near houses, for the sake of their pretty smell. I
+recommend the planting some of the common sorts that grow wild in the
+woods, in some of the most rural places about the house; for I think
+nothing can be more delightful, than to see great numbers of these
+flowers, accompanied with _Violets_, growing under the hedges, avenues
+of trees, and wilderness works. _Violets_, besides their beauty, perfume
+the air with a most delightful odour."[47] Mr. Bradley, it appears, from
+the Fruit Garden Kalendar, of the Rev. Mr. Lawrence, resided at Camden
+House, Kensington. They each of them in their letters, in 1717,
+subscribe themselves, "Your most affectionate friend." Mr. Lawrence
+frequently styles him "the most ingenious Mr. Bradley." Dr. Pulteney
+says he "was the author of more than twenty separate publications,
+chiefly on Gardening and Agriculture; published between the years 1716
+and 1730. His 'New Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both
+Philosophical and Practical,' 8vo. 1717, went through repeated
+impressions; as did his 'Gentleman's and Gardener's Kalendar,' (which
+was the fourth part of the preceding book) both at home, and in
+translations abroad. His 'Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature,'
+4to. 1721, was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and
+continued in repute several years. The same may be said of his 'General
+Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening,' 8vo. 2 vols. 1726; and of his
+'Practical Discourses concerning the Four Elements, as they relate to
+the Growth of Plants,' 8vo. 1727. His '_Dictionarium Botanicum_,' 8vo.
+1728, was, I believe, the first attempt of the kind in England." On the
+whole (says Dr. Pulteney) Bradley's writings, coinciding with the
+growing taste for gardening, the introduction of exotics, and
+improvements in husbandry, contributed to excite a more philosophical
+view of these arts, and diffuse a general and popular knowledge of them
+throughout the kingdom."[48] Mr. Bradley has given at the end of his
+curious "Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature," which is
+embellished with neat engravings, a chapter "Of the most curious Gardens
+in Europe, especially in Britain." In this chapter he justly observes,
+that "a gentle exercise in a fresh air, where the mind is engaged with
+variety of natural objects, contributes to content; and it is no new
+observation, that the trouble of the mind wears and destroys the
+constitution even of the most healthful body. All kinds of gardens
+contribute to health." This volume also preserves the account of Lord
+Ducie's noted old chesnut tree at Tortworth, supposed to be more than a
+thousand years old; and of an elm belonging to his lordship, of a truly
+gigantic growth.[49] Switzer thus speaks of Bradley:--"Mr. Bradley has
+not only shewn himself a skilful botanist, but a man of experience in
+other respects, and is every where a modest writer." Mr. Bradley died in
+1732. Some writers have dwelt much upon his dissipation; let us
+remember, however, that
+
+   _Men's evil manners live in brass; their virtues
+   We write in water._
+
+Mr. Weston, in a communication inserted in the Gentleman's Magazine for
+November, 1806, says, "Although this country had a great loss by the
+death of Evelyn, yet he was succeeded, in twenty years after, by another
+of equal abilities, and indefatigable in endeavouring to improve the art
+of gardening, as Bradley's numerous works will testify."
+
+
+TIMOTHY NOURSE, whose "Campania Foelix," 8vo. 1700, has prefixed to
+it, a very neat engraving by Vander Gucht, of rural life. He has
+chapters on Fruit Trees; on the several kinds of Apple Trees, and on
+Cyder and Perry. In page 262 he, with great humanity, strongly pleads to
+acquit Lord Chancellor Bacon from the charge against him of corruption
+in his high office. His Essay "Of a Country House," in this work, is
+curious; particularly to those who wish to see the style of building,
+and the decorations of a country seat at that period. Mr. Nourse also
+published "A Discourse upon the Nature and Faculties of Man, with some
+Considerations upon the Occurrences of Humane Life." Printed for Jacob
+Tonson, at the Judge's Head, in Chancery-lane, 1686, 8vo. His chapter on
+Solitude, wherein he descants on the delights of rural scenery and
+gardens; and his conclusion, directing every man towards the attainment
+of his own felicity, are worth perusing. That on Death is forcibly
+written; he calls it "no more than for a man to close up all the
+travails, pains, and misfortunes of life, with one sweet and eternal
+sleep; he is now at everlasting rest; the fears and misery of poverty,
+the anxieties of riches, the vexations of a process, do not devour him.
+He does not fear the calumnies of the base, nor the frowns of the great.
+'Tis death which delivers the prisoner from his fetters, and the slave
+and captive from his chain; 'tis death which rescues the servant from
+the endless toils of a laborious life, the poor from oppression, and
+makes the beggar equal with princes. Here desperation finds a remedy,
+all the languors of disease, all the frustrations and tediousness of
+life, all the infirmities of age, all the disquiets of the passions, and
+all the calamities of fortune, with whatever can make a man miserable,
+vanish in these shades." In his very curious "Essay of a Country House,"
+he thus moralizes:--"The variety of flowers, beautiful and fragrant,
+with which his gardens are adorned, opening themselves, and dying one
+after another, must admonish him of the fading state of earthly
+pleasures, of the frailty of life, and of the succeeding generations to
+which he must give place. The constant current of a fountain, or a
+rivulet, must remind of the flux of time, which never returns."
+
+
+SAMUEL COLLINS, ESQ. of Archeton, Northamptonshire, author of "Paradise
+Retrieved; 1717, 8vo. In the Preface to the Lady's Recreation, by
+Charles Evelyn, Esq. he is extremely severe on this "Squire Collins,"
+whom he accuses of ignorance and arrogance.
+
+
+JOHN EVELYN, son of the author of _Sylva_. His genius early displayed
+itself; for when little more than fifteen, he wrote a Greek poem, which
+must have some merit, because his father has prefixed it to the second
+edition of his _Sylva_. In Mr. Nicoll's Collection of Poems, are some by
+him. There are two poems of his in Dryden's Miscellany. He translated
+Plutarch's Life of Alexander from the Greek; and the History of Two
+Grand Viziers, from the French. When only nineteen, he translated from
+the Latin, Rapin on Gardens. He died in 1698. The Quarterly Review, in
+its review of Mr. Bray's Memoirs of Evelyn, thus speaks of this son, and
+of his father:--"It was his painful lot to follow to the grave his only
+remaining son, in the forty-fourth year of his age, a man of much
+ability and reputation, worthy to have supported the honour of his name.
+Notwithstanding these repeated sorrows, and the weight of nearly
+fourscore years, Evelyn still enjoyed uninterrupted health, and
+unimpaired faculties; he enjoyed also the friendship of the wise and the
+good, and the general esteem beyond any other individual of his
+age."[50]
+
+
+THOMAS FAIRCHILD, whose garden and vineyard at Hoxton, Mr. Bradley
+mentions in high terms, in numberless pages of his many works. I will
+merely quote from one of his works, viz. from his Philosophical Account
+of the Works of Nature:--"that curious garden of Mr. Thomas Fairchild,
+at Hoxton, where I find the greatest collection of fruits that I have
+yet seen, and so regularly disposed, both for order in time of ripening
+and good pruning of the several kinds, that I do not know any person in
+Europe to excel him in that particular; and in other things he is no
+less happy in his choice of such curiosities, as a good judgement and
+universal correspondence can procure." Mr. Fairchild published The City
+Gardener; 8vo. 1722, price 1s. He corresponded with Linnaeus. He left
+funds for a Botanical Sermon to be delivered annually at St. Leonard,
+Shoreditch, on each Whitsun Tuesday, "On the wonderful works of God in
+the creation, or on the certainty of the resurrection of the dead,
+proved by the certain changes of the animal and vegetable parts of the
+creation."[51] Dr. Pulteney thus speaks of Mr. Fairchild:--"My plan does
+not allow me to deviate so far as to cite authors on the subject of
+gardening, unless eminent for their acquaintance with English botany.
+Some have distinguished themselves in this way; and I cannot omit to
+mention, with applause, the names of Fairchild, Knowlton, Gordon, and
+Miller. The first of these made himself known to the Royal Society, by
+some 'New Experiments relating to the different, and sometimes contrary
+motion of the Sap;' which were printed in the Phil. Trans. vol. xxxiii.
+He also assisted in making experiments, by which the sexes of plants
+were illustrated, and the doctrine confirmed. Mr. Fairchild died in
+November, 1729."
+
+
+GEORGE RICKETS, of Hoxton, was much noted about 1688 and 1689. Rea, in
+his Flora, says of him, "Mr. Rickets, of Hogsden, often remembered, the
+best and most faithful florist now about London." Rea describes, in his
+Flora, one hundred and ninety different kinds of tulips, and says, "All
+these tulips, and _many others_, may be had of Mr. Rickets." Worlidge
+thus speaks of him:--"he hath the greatest variety of the choicest
+apples, pears, cherries, plums, apricots, peaches, malacolones,
+noctorines, figgs, vines, currans, gooseberries, rasberries, mulberries,
+medlars, walnuts, nuts, filberts, chesnuts, &c. that any man hath, and
+can give the best account of their natures and excellencies." And again
+he says, "the whole nation is obliged to the industry of the ingenious
+Mr. George Rickets, gardner at Hoxton or Hogsden without Bishopsgate,
+near London, at the sign of the Hand there; who can furnish any planter
+with all or most of the fruit trees before mentioned, having been for
+many years a most laborious and industrious collector of the best
+species of all sorts of fruit from foreign parts. And hath also the
+richest and most complete collection of all the great variety of
+flower-bearing trees and shrubs in the kingdom. That there is not a day
+in the year, but the trees, as well as the most humble plants, do there
+yield ornaments for Flora; with all sorts of curious and pleasant
+winter-greens, that seemed to perpetuate the spring and summer, from the
+most humble myrtle, to the very true cedar of Libanus. Not without
+infinite variety of tulips, auriculaes, anemones, gillyflowers, and
+all other sorts of pleasant, and delicate flowers, that he may be truly
+said to be the master-flowrist of England; and is ready to furnish any
+ingenious person with any of his choicest plants."
+
+
+JOHN COWEL appears to have been a noted gardener at Hoxton, about 1729.
+He was the author of the "Curious and Profitable Gardener."
+
+
+HUGH STAFFORD, ESQ. of Pynes, in Devonshire, who published, in 1729, "A
+Treatise on Cyder Making, with a Catalogue of Cyder Apples of Character;
+to which is prefixed, a Dissertation on Cyder, and Cyder-Fruit." Another
+edition in 1753.
+
+
+BENJAMIN WHITMILL, Sen. and Jun. Gardeners at Hoxton, published the
+sixth edition, in small 8vo. of their "Kalendarium Universale: or, the
+Gardener's Universal Calendar." The following is part of their
+Preface:--"The greatest persons, in all ages, have been desirous of a
+country retirement, where every thing appears in its native simplicity.
+The inhabitants are religious, the fair sex modest, and every
+countenance bears a picture of the heart. What, therefore, can be a more
+elegant amusement, to a good and great man, than to inspect the
+beautiful product of fields and gardens, when every month hath its
+pleasing variety of plants and flowers. And if innocence be our greatest
+happiness, where can we find it but in a country life? In fields and
+gardens we have pleasures unenvied, and beauties unsought for; and any
+discovery for the improvement of them, is highly praiseworthy. In the
+growth of a plant, or a tree, we view the progress of nature, and ever
+observe that all her works yield beauty and entertainment. To cultivate
+this beauty, is a task becoming the wealthy, the polite, and the
+learned; this is so generally understood, that there are few gentlemen
+of late, who are not themselves their chief gardeners. And it certainly
+redounds more to the honour and satisfaction of a gardener, that he is a
+preserver and pruner of all sorts of fruit trees, than it does to the
+happiness of the greatest general that he has been successful in killing
+mankind."
+
+
+SAMUEL TROWEL, of Poplar, published, in 1739, A New Treatise of
+Husbandry and Gardening; 12mo. 2s. 6d. This was translated in Germain,
+at Leipsig, 1750, in 8vo.
+
+
+REV. FRANCIS COVENTRY, who wrote an admirable paper in the _World_, (No.
+15,) on the absurd novelties introduced in gardens. He wrote Penshurst,
+in Dodsley's Poems.
+
+
+JAMES JUSTICE, ESQ. published the "Scot's Gardener's Director," 8vo. A
+new edition, entitled "The _British_ Gardener's Director, chiefly
+adapted to the Climate of the Northern Counties," was published at
+_Edinburgh_, 1764, 8vo. The Encyclopaedia of Gardening calls his book
+"an original and truly valuable work;" and in page 87, 846, and 1104,
+gives some interesting particulars of this gentleman's passion for
+gardening.
+
+
+JOHN GIBSON, M.D. author of "The Fruit Gardener," to which he has
+prefixed an interesting Preface on the Fruit Gardens of the Ancients. In
+this Preface he also relates the origin of fruit gardens, by the
+hermits, and monastic orders. In his Introduction, he says, that "every
+kind of fruit tree seems to contend in spring, who shall best entertain
+the possessor with the beauty of their blossoms. Mankind are always
+happy with the prospect of plenty; in no other scene is it exhibited
+with such charming variety, as in the fruit garden and orchard. Are
+gentlemen fond of indulging their tastes? Nature, from the plentiful
+productions of the above, regales them with a variety of the finest
+flavours and exalted relishes. To cool us in the heat of summer, she
+copiously unites the acid to an agreeable sweetness. Flowering shrubs
+and trees are often purchased by gentlemen at a high price; yet not one
+of them can compare in beauty with an _apple tree_, when beginning to
+expand its blossoms."[52] Speaking of the greengage, he says, "its taste
+is so exquisitely sweet and delicious, that nothing can exceed it." He
+enlivens many of his sections on the cultivation of various fruits, by
+frequent allusions to Theophrastus, Virgil, Pliny, and other _Rei
+rustica scriptores_. His chapter on Pears, (the various kinds of which
+possess "a profusion of sweets, heightened by an endless variety of
+delicious flavours,") is particularly profuse. So is that on Apples.
+
+
+JAMES RUTTER published, in 1767, Modern Eden, or the Gardener's
+Universal Guide; 8vo.
+
+
+JOHN DICKS published, in 1769, The New Gardener's Dictionary; in sixty
+numbers, small folio, 30s. Blyth.
+
+
+JAMES GARTON published, in 1769, The Practical Gardener; 8vo. 3s. Dilly.
+
+
+---- WILDMAN published, in 1768, a Treatise on the Culture of Pear
+Trees: to which is added, a Treatise on the Management of Bees; 12mo.
+Dublin.
+
+
+ANTHONY POWEL, ESQ. Gardener to George II. published The Royal Gardener;
+12mo. 1769.
+
+
+---- OCKENDEN, ESQ. published, in 1770, Letters, describing the Lake of
+Killarney, and Rueness's Gardens; 8vo. Dublin.
+
+
+THOMAS HITT published his Treatise on Fruit Trees, 8vo. 1775. A third
+edition in 1768. Mr. Loudon calls it "an original work, valuable for its
+mode of training trees." He also published, in 1760, a Treatise on
+Husbandry; 8vo. 3s.
+
+
+ADAM TAYLOR, Gardener to J. Sutton, Esq. at New Park, near Devizes,
+published a Treatise on the Ananas, or Pine Apple: containing Plain and
+Easy Directions for Raising this most excellent Fruit without Fire, and
+in much higher perfection than from the Stove; to which are added, Full
+Directions for Raising Melons. Devizes, 8vo. 1769.
+
+
+JAMES MEADER, Gardener at Sion House, and afterwards to the Empress
+Catharine. He published, in 1771, in 12mo. The Modern Gardener, &c. in a
+manner never before published; selected from the Diary MSS. of the late
+Mr. Hitt. Also, The Planter's Guide, or Pleasure Gardener's Companion;
+with plates, 1779, oblong 4to.
+
+
+RICHARD WESTON, ESQ. an amateur gardener, who has given, at the end of
+his "Tracts on Practical Agriculture, and Gardening," 1762, 8vo. a
+Catalogue of English Authors on Agriculture, Gardening, &c. There is
+another edition in 1773, with additions. His intelligent Catalogue is
+brought down to the end of the year 1772. This volume of Tracts contains
+an infinity of ingenious and curious articles. One of the chapters
+contains "A Plan for Planting all the Turnpike Roads in England with
+Timber Trees."[53] He most zealously wishes to encourage planting. "I
+believe (says this candid writer) that one of the principal reasons why
+few persons plant, springs from a fearful conjecture that their days
+will have been passed, before the forest can have risen. But let not the
+parent harbour so selfish an idea; it should be his delight, to look
+forward to the advantage which his children would receive from the
+timber which he planted, contented if it flourished every year beneath
+his inspection; surely there is much more pleasure in planting of trees,
+than in cutting of them down. View but the place where a fine tree
+stands, what an emblem does it afford of present beauty and of future
+use; examine the spot after the noble ornament shall have been felled,
+and see how desolate it will appear. Perhaps there is not a better
+method of inducing youth to have an early inclination for planting,
+than for fathers, who have a landed estate, to persuade those children
+who are to inherit it, as soon as they come to years of discretion, to
+make a small nursery, and to let them have the management of it
+themselves; they will then see the trees yearly thriving under their
+hands: as an encouragement to them, they should, when the trees are at a
+fit growth to plant out, let them have the value of them for their
+pocket money. This will, in their tender years, fix so strong an idea of
+the value, and the great consequence of planting, as will never be
+eradicated afterwards; and many youths, of the age of twenty-five,
+having planted quick growing trees, may see the industry of their
+juvenile years amply rewarded at that early age, a time when most young
+men begin to know the value of money."[54] Mr. Pope, in one of his
+letters to Mr. Allen, thus discovers his own generous mind:--"I am now
+as busy in planting for myself as I was lately in planting for another.
+I am pleased to think my trees will afford shade and fruit to others,
+when I shall want them no more." Mr. Addison's admirable recommendation
+of planting, forms No. 583 of the Spectator. He therein says, "When a
+man considers that the putting a few twigs in the ground, is doing good
+to one who will make his appearance in the world about fifty years
+hence, or that he is perhaps making one of his own descendants easy or
+rich, by so inconsiderable an expence; if he finds himself averse to it,
+he must conclude that he has a poor and base heart. Most people are of
+the humour of an old fellow of a college, who, when he was pressed by
+the society to come into something that might redound to the good of
+their successors, grew very peevish. _We are always doing_, says he,
+_something for posterity, but I would fain see posterity do something
+for us._"[55] Mr. Weston also published The Universal Botanist and
+Nursery; 1770, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. The Gardener and Planter's Calendar,
+containing the Method of Raising Timber Trees, Fruit Trees, and Quicks
+for Hedges; with Directions for Forming and Managing a Garden every
+Month in the Year; also many New Improvements in the Art of Gardening;
+8vo. 1773. Mr. Weston then appears to have lived at Kensington Gore. The
+Gentleman's Magazine for November, 1806, says, that he died at
+Leicester, in 1806, aged seventy-four. He was formerly a thread hosier
+there. It gives an amusing and full list of his various publications,
+particularly of his intended "Natural History of Strawberries."
+
+
+GEORGE MASON. The best edition of his "Essay on Design in Gardening,"
+appears to have been that of 1795, in 8vo. Two Appendixes were published
+in 1798, which are said to have been written by Mr. U. Price. In Mr.
+Nichols's fourth volume of Illustrations of the Literary History of the
+Eighteenth Century, are some particulars of Mr. Mason. He published
+Hoccleve's Poems, with a Glossary; an Answer to Thomas Paine; the Life
+of Lord Howe; a Supplement to Johnson's Dictionary: in the ill-tempered
+preface to which, he thus strangely speaks of that Dictionary:--"this
+muddiness of intellect sadly besmears and defaces almost every page of
+the composition." This is only a small instance of his virulence against
+Johnson in this preface. One would have thought that Mr. Mason's
+sarcasms would have been softened, or even subdued, by its glowing and
+eloquent preface, which informs us that this great work was composed
+"without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile
+of favour." I am sorry to say, that Mr. Mason, even in the above Essay,
+discovers, in three instances, his animosity to our "Dictionary writer,"
+for so he calls Dr. Johnson. Mr. Boswell, speaking of Johnson's preface,
+says, "We cannot contemplate without wonder, the vigorous and splendid
+thoughts which so highly distinguish that performance;" and on the
+Dictionary he observes, that "the world contemplated with wonder, so
+stupendous a work, achieved by one man, while other countries had
+thought such undertakings fit only for whole academies." Linnaeus and
+Haller styled Ray's History of Plants, _opus immensi laboris_. One may
+justly apply the same words to this Dictionary. It was well for Mr.
+Mason that he escaped (what Miss Seward called) "the dead-doing
+broadside of Dr. Johnson's satire." George Mason omits no opportunity of
+censuring Mr. Whateley's Observations on Modern Gardening. In the above
+Essay, he censures him in seven different pages, and in his distinct
+chapter or division on this book of Mr. Whateley's, (consisting of
+thirteen pages) there are no less than thirty-three additional sneers,
+or faults, found with his opinions. He does not acknowledge in him one
+single solitary merit, except at page 191. In page 160, he nearly, if
+not quite, calls him a _fool_, and declares that _vanity_ is the passion
+to which he is constantly sacrificing.[56] It would be an insult to any
+one who has read Mr. Whateley's work, to endeavour to clear him from
+such a virulent and ill-founded attack. Neither Dr. Johnson, with all
+his deep learning, nor Mr. Whateley, with all the cultivated fancy of a
+rich scholastic mind, would either of them have been able to comprehend,
+or to understand, or even to make head or tail of the first half of Mr.
+George Mason's poem, with which he closes the above edition of his
+Essay. As he has been so caustically severe against Dr. Johnson, it
+cannot be ungenerous if one applies to the above part of his own poem,
+the language of a French critic on another subject:--"Le style en est
+dur, et scabreux. Il semble que l'auteur a ramasse les termes les plus
+extraordinaires pour se rendre inintelligible." Percy, Bishop of
+Dromore, in vol. x. page 602, of the British Critic, has given a
+critique of Mr. Mason's edition of Hoccleve, in which he chastises its
+injustice, arrogance, and ignorance. Mr. Mason has been more liberal in
+warmly praising Kent, and Shenstone, in acknowledging the great taste
+and elegance of Mr. Thomas Warton, when the latter notices Milton's line
+of
+
+   _Bosom'd high in tufted trees,_
+
+which picturesque remark of Mr. Warton's could not have been excelled
+even by the nice and critical pen of the late Sir U. Price; and when he
+informs us, in more than one instance, of the great Earl of Chatham's
+"turning his mind to the embellishment of rural nature."
+
+THOMAS WHATELEY, on whose "Observations on Modern Gardening," the
+Encyclopaedia of Gardening (that most comprehensive assemblage of every
+thing delightful and curious in this art,) observes, "It is remarkable,
+that so little is known of a writer, the beauty of whose style, and the
+justness of whose taste, are universally acknowledged." The same work
+further says, "his excellent book, so frequently referred to by all
+succeeding writers on garden scenery, ought to be in the hands of every
+man of taste." And the same work still further observes, that "its style
+has been pronounced by Ensor, inimitable, and the descriptions with
+which his investigations are accompanied, have been largely copied, and
+amply praised by Alison, in his work On Taste. The book was soon
+translated into the continental languages, and is judiciously praised in
+the _Mercure de France_, _Journal Encyclopedique_, and Weiland's
+_Journal_. G. Mason alone dissents from the general opinion, enlarging
+on the very few faults or peculiarities which are to be found in the
+book. Wheatley, or Whately (for so little is known of this eminent man,
+that we have never been able to ascertain satisfactorily the orthography
+of his name,) was proprietor of Nonsuch Park, in Surrey; and was
+secretary to the Earl of Suffolk. He published only this work, soon
+after which he died. After his death, some remarks on Shakspeare, from
+his pen, were published in a small 12mo." A second edition of this
+elegant little work was published in 1808, by Parson, Oxford; or
+Rivington, St. Paul's; in which, the advertisement to the reader informs
+us, that "the respectable author intended to have gone through eight or
+ten of the principal characters of Shakspeare, but suspended his design,
+in order to finish his Observations on Modern Gardening, first published
+in the year 1770; immediately after which time, _he was engaged in such
+an active scene of public life_, as left him but little leisure to
+attend to the Belles Lettres; and in the year 1772 he died."[57]
+
+His remarks on some of the characters of Shakspeare (whom, in his
+_Observations_, he calls _the great master of nature_) breathe in many
+of his pages, that fire, which he could have caught only from those of
+the great poet. Such was his eagerness to complete his _Observations_,
+that he for a short while "suspended his design" of examining other
+characters of the poet, when the bright effusions of his genius "fled up
+to the stars from whence they came." This elegant little work is merely
+a fragment, nay, even an unfinished fragment. It must, then, cause deep
+regret, that death should so prematurely have deprived us of that rich
+treasure of animated thoughts, which, no doubt, would have sprung from
+his further tracing the poet's deep and piercing knowledge of the human
+heart. One may safely apply to Mr. Whateley, what he himself applies to
+the poet:--"He had a genius to express all that his penetration could
+discover." The Journal Encyclopedique, Juilliet, 1771, when speaking of
+the French translation of Whateley's Observations, says, "On ne peut
+gueres se faire une idee de ces jardins, si l'on n'a ete a Londres.
+Accoutumes a la symetrie des notres, nous n'imaginons pas qu'on puisse
+etablir une forme irreguliere, comme une regle principale: cependant
+ceux qui sentent combien la noble simplicite de la nature est superieure
+a tous les rafinemens symetriques de l'art, donneront peuetetre la
+preference aux jardins Anglois. C'est l'effet que doit produire la
+lecture de cet ouvrage, qui quoique destine aux amateurs et aux
+compositeurs des jardins, offre aux gens de gout, aux artistes et
+sur-tout aux peintres, des observations fines et singulieres sur
+plusieurs effets de perspective et sur les arts en general; aux
+philosophes, des reflections justes sur les affections de notre ame; aux
+poetes, des descriptions exactes, quoique vives, des plus beaux jardins
+d'Angleterre dans tous les genres, qui decelent dans l'Auteur un oeil
+infiment exerce, une grande connoissance des beaux arts, une belle
+imagination et un esprit accoutume a penser."
+
+The "bloom of an orchard, the festivity of a hay field, and the carols
+of harvest home," could not have met with a more cheerful and benevolent
+pen than Mr. Whateley's; a love of country pervades many of his pages;
+nor could any one have traced the placid scenery, or rich magnificence
+of nature, with a happier pen than when he records the walk to the
+cottage at Claremont, the grandeur and majesty of the scene at
+_Blenheim_, or _Stowe_, _Persfield_, _Wotton_ in the vale of
+Aylesbury--the rugged, savage, and craggy points of _Middleton Dale_, "a
+chasm rent in the mountain by some convulsion of nature, beyond the
+memory of man, or perhaps before the island was peopled," with its many
+rills, springs, rivulets, and water-falls--the vast cliffs of rocks at
+_Matlock_, _Bath_, that "scene of romantic magnificence; from such
+scenes, probably, was conceived the wild imagination, in ancient
+mythology, of the giants piling _Pelion_ upon _Ossa_; the loftiness of
+the rocks, and the character of the _Derwent_, a torrent in which force
+and fury prevail; the cascades in it are innumerable; before the water
+is recovered from one fall, it is hurried down another; and its
+agitation being thus increased by repeated shocks, it pushes on with
+restless violence to the next, where it dashes against fragments of
+rocks, or foams among heaps of stones which the stream has driven
+together"--the dusky gloom at the iron forge, "close to the cascade of
+the Weir, (between _Ross_ and _Monmouth_) where the agitation of the
+current is increased by large fragments of rocks, which have been swept
+down by floods from the banks, or shivered by tempests from the brow;
+and the sullen sound, at stated intervals, from the strokes of the great
+hammers in the forge, deadens the roar of the water-fall"--the solitude,
+the loveliness, and the stillness of _Dovedale_, "the whole of which has
+the air of enchantment; grotesque as chance can cast, wild as nature can
+produce"--the monkish tomb-stones, and the monuments of benefactors long
+since forgotten, which appear above the green sward, at _Tintern Abbey_,
+with its maimed effigies, and sculpture worn with age and weather--his
+view to the approach to Lord _Cadogan's_, near _Reading_--his feeling
+and enchanting description of the _Leasowes_--"the wonderful efforts
+which art has made at _Painshill_ to rival nature;" where the massy
+richness of its hanging wood "gives an air of grandeur to the
+whole"--the _Tinian_, and other lawns, and noble and magnificent views
+in that vast sylvan scene _Hagley_, where, in a spot which once
+delighted Mr. Pope, is inscribed an urn to his memory, "which, when
+shewn by a gleam of moonlight through the trees, fixes that
+thoughtfulness and composure to which the mind is insensibly led by the
+rest of this elegant scene."
+
+His section "Of the Seasons," where he descants on the _spirit_ of the
+morning, the _excess_ of noon, or the _temperance_ of evening," must
+strike every one by its felicity of style; and the reader may judge of
+the rich pages which this book contains, even from what he says of
+water:--"It accommodates itself to every situation; is the most
+interesting object in a landscape, and the happiest circumstance in a
+retired recess; captivates the eye at a distance, invites approach, and
+is delightful when near; it refreshes an open exposure; it animates a
+shade; cheers the dreariness of a waste, and enriches the most crowded
+view; in form, in style, and in extent, may be made equal to the
+greatest compositions, or adapted to the least; it may spread in a calm
+expanse to soothe the tranquillity of a peaceful scene; or hurrying
+along a devious course, add splendour to a gay, and extravagance to a
+romantic, situation. So various are the characters which water can
+assume, that there is scarcely an idea in which it may not concur, or an
+impression which it cannot enforce; a deep stagnated pool, dank and dark
+with shades which it dimly reflects, befits the seat of melancholy; even
+a river, if it be sunk between two dismal banks, and dull both in motion
+and colour, is like a hollow eye which deadens the countenance; and over
+a sluggard, silent stream, creeping heavily along all together, hangs a
+gloom, which no art can dissipate, nor even the sunshine disperse. A
+gently murmuring rill, clear and shallow, just gurgling, just dimpling,
+imposing silence, suits with solitude, and leads to meditation; a
+brisker current, which wantons in little eddies over a bright sandy
+bottom, or babbles among pebbles, spreads cheerfulness all around; a
+greater rapidity, and more agitation, to a certain degree are animating;
+but in excess, instead of wakening, they alarm the senses; the roar and
+the rage of a torrent, its force, its violence, its impetuosity, tend to
+inspire terror; that terror, which, whether as cause or effect, is so
+nearly allied to sublimity."[58]
+
+
+DANIEL MALTHUS, ESQ. purchased, in 1759, the Rookery, near Dorking,
+noted for its beauties of hill, dale, wood, and water; he sold it in
+1768. He translated Gerardin, _De la Composition des Paysages_, 12mo.
+1783, to which he prefixed a preface, being, chiefly, remarks on what
+the gardens of the Greeks and Romans were; a view of Rosseau's tomb is
+prefixed. Mr. Malthus justly observes, that this Essay "is full of the
+most insinuating eloquence, that it is wrote by the friend of Rousseau,
+and from scenes which realize some of its most beautiful descriptions."
+He further observes, that "trifling as this enquiry will appear in
+itself, it may add something towards the benevolent purpose of M.
+d'Ernonville, which is to make men sensible of the exhaustless charms of
+nature, to lead them back to their simple and original tastes, to
+promote the variety and resources of a country life, and to unite its
+usefulness with its embellishment."[59]
+
+
+JOHN KENNEDY published a Treatise upon Planting, Gardening, &c. 8vo.
+_York_, 1776.
+
+
+N. SWINDEN, "an ingenious gardener and seedsman at Brentford-End,"
+wrote The Beauties of Flora Displayed; 8vo. 1778.
+
+
+SAMUEL FULMER wrote The Young Gardener's Best Companion for the Kitchen,
+and Fruit Garden; 12mo. 1781.
+
+CHARLES BRYANT published Flora Dietetica; or, the History of Esculent
+Plants: 8vo. 1785. Also, a Dictionary of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and
+Plants; 8vo. _Norwich_, 1790.
+
+
+JOSEPH HEELEY, ESQ. author of Letters on the Beauties of Hagley, Envil,
+and the Leasowes; with Critical Remarks on the Modern Taste in
+Gardening; 1777, 2 vols. 12mo.
+
+
+THOMAS KYLE, or KEIL, "one of the first gardeners in Scotland, of his
+time," published a Treatise on the Management of the Peach and Nectarine
+Trees: to which is added, the Method of Raising and Forcing Vines; 8vo.
+_Edinb._ 1785. A second edition in 1787.
+
+
+WILLIAM MARSHALL, ESQ. who, in his "Planting and Rural Ornament," has
+very properly transcribed the whole of that masterly production of Mr.
+Walpole's pen, his _History of the Modern Taste in Gardening_. He
+observes, that "a pen guided by so masterly a hand, must ever be
+productive of information and entertainment, when employed upon a
+subject so truly interesting. Desirous of conveying to our readers all
+the information which we can compress, with propriety, within the limits
+of our plan, we wished to have given the _substance_ of this valuable
+paper; but finding it already in the language of simplicity, and being
+aware of the mischiefs which generally ensue in _meddling_ with the
+productions of genius, we had only one alternative: either wholly to
+transcribe, or wholly to reject." Mr. Marshall, alluding to the above
+work of his, says, "Wheatley, Mason, and Nature, with some Experience,
+and much Observation, are the principal sources from which this part of
+our work was drawn; it was planned, and in part written, among the
+magnificent scenes of nature, in Monmouthshire, Herefordshire, and
+Gloucestershire, where the rich and the romantic are happily blended, in
+a manner unparalleled in any other part of the island." In this same
+work is preserved, Mr. Gray's letter on the scenery of _Grasmere Water_.
+His descriptions of many trees and shrubs are extremely interesting; and
+he has rendered them more so by his frequent quotations from Mr.
+Hanbury. He also published, in 8vo. The Rural Economy of the Southern
+Counties; 2 vols.--of the Midland Counties, 2 vols.--of Gloucestershire,
+2 vols.--of Norfolk, 2 vols.--of Yorkshire, 2 vols.--Agriculture of the
+Southern Counties, 2 vols.--Minutes of Agriculture--and a Review of the
+Landscape, a didactic poem--and of an Essay on the Picturesque. The
+Encyclop. of Gardening, after relating varied information respecting
+him, says, that he "finally retired to a considerable property he
+possessed in his native county, in the Vale of Cleveland, in 1808, where
+he died, at an advanced age, in 1819. He was a man of little education,
+but of a strong and steady mind: and pursued, in the most consistent
+manner, from the year 1780 to his death, the plan he originally laid
+down; that of collecting and condensing the agricultural practices of
+the different counties of England, with a view to a general work on
+Landed Property, which he published; another on Agriculture, which he
+did not live to complete, and a _Rural Institute_, in which he was
+supplanted by the Board of Agriculture." His observations on the
+_Larch_, in vol. i. of his "Planting and Rural Ornament," and the zeal
+with which he recommends the planting of it on the infertile heathy
+flats of Surrey, Sussex, and Hampshire, on the bleak and barren heights
+of Yorkshire, Westmoreland, Cornwall, and Devon, and on the Welch and
+Salopean hills; and the powerful language with which he enforces its
+valuable qualities, merit the attention of every man of property.
+
+
+WILLIAM SPEECHLY. He wrote Hints on Domestic Rural Economy; 8vo. On the
+Culture of the Vine and Pine Apple, with Hints on the Formation of
+Vineyards in England. On the Culture of the Pine Apple, and the
+Management of the Hot-House; 8vo. He made a tour in Holland, chiefly to
+observe the Dutch mode of cultivating the Pine, and the Grape. Mr.
+Loudon, in his Encyclop. calls him "the Moses of modern British vine
+dressers;" and in the Gardener's Magazine for January, 1828, has given
+an interesting and honourable character of him. He died at Great Milton,
+in 1819, aged eighty-six.[60] Marshall, in his Planting and Rural
+Ornament, has given us Mr. Speechley's sensible letter on the Duke of
+Portland's Plantations. Mr. Johnson says "he perhaps surpassed every
+practical gardener of his age."
+
+
+PHILIP LE BROCQ, chaplain to the Duke of Gloucester, wrote,
+
+1, A Description of Certain Methods of Planting, Training, and Managing
+all Kinds of Fruit Trees, Vines, &c. London, 8vo. 1786.
+
+2, Sketch of a Plan for making the New Forest, a Real Forest.
+_Stockdale_, 8vo. 1793.
+
+
+WALTER NICHOL, whom Mr. Loudon, in his Encyclopaedia, calls an author of
+merit, and informs us that Mr. Nichol, "in the year 1810, undertook an
+extensive journey through England, for the purpose of visiting the
+principal seats and plantations, with a view, on his return, to compose
+the _Planter's Calendar_. This work had scarcely commenced, when he was
+seized with an illness which carried him off suddenly, in March, 1811."
+His works appear to be the following:--
+
+The Gardener's Kalendar; or, Monthly Directory of every Branch of
+Horticulture; 8vo.
+
+The Planter's Kalendar; or, the Nurseryman's and Forester's Guide; 8vo.
+
+The Villa Garden Directory; or, Monthly Index of Work to be done in
+Gardens, Shrubberies, &c.; 12mo.
+
+Scotch Forcing Gardener; 8vo.
+
+The Practical Planter.
+
+Mr. Johnson says "his works are of the first authority, and rank as the
+equals of those of Abercrombie, being the result of long practice during
+an enlightened era of our art."
+
+
+JAMES MADDOCK, of the Society of Friends, and commercial florist, at
+Walworth, where, about the middle of last century, he established the
+florist garden there, now belonging to Milliken and Curtis. He died
+about 1806. He published the Florist's Directory, and Complete Treatise
+on the Culture of Flowers; 8vo. 1792. New editions in 1810 and 1822.
+
+THOMAS S. D. BUCKNALL, Esq. published the Orchardist; extracted from the
+Society's Trans. for the Encouragement of Arts, &c.; _with additions_.
+8vo. 1797.
+
+I had omitted the following, for which I am indebted to Mr. Johnson's
+History of English Gardening:--
+
+RICHARD RICHARDSON. De cultu Hortorum, Carmen. 4to. London, 1669.
+
+Of either of the above enumerated Authors on Gardening, I have not been
+able to discover any Portrait.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+   Of the following we _have_ Portraits:--
+
+LEONARD MASCALL'S portrait appears at the bottom of the curious title
+page to his "Government of Cattle," 4to. and is _scarce_. He published,
+in 1572, "The New Art of Planting and Grafting;" 4to. and in 12mo.
+Another edition in 1652.
+
+DR. WILLIAM BULLEYN practised physic at Durham. He died in 1576. He had
+the misfortune to lose great part of his library by shipwreck. He was
+thrown into prison for debt, where he wrote a great part of his medical
+treatises. Bishop Tanner says he was a man of acute judgment, and true
+piety. He was universally esteemed as a polished scholar, and as a man
+of probity, benevolence, and piety. I gather the following from Dr.
+Pulteney:--"Of Dr. Bulleyn there is a profile with a long beard, before
+his "Government of Health," and a whole length of him, in wood, prefixed
+to the "Bulwarke of Defence;" which book is a collection of most of his
+works. He was an ancestor of the late Dr. Stukely, who, in 1722, was at
+the expence of having a small head of him engraved. He proves that we
+had excellent apples, pears, plums, cherries and hops, of our own
+growth, (before the importation of these articles into England), by
+London and Kentish gardeners. His zeal for the promotion of the useful
+arts of gardening, the general culture of the land, and the commercial
+interests of the kingdom, deserved the highest praise; and for the
+information he has left of these affairs, in his own time, posterity owe
+him acknowledgments." In a note to his Life, in the Biog. Dict., 7 vols.
+folio, 1748, is a curious account of many fruits, &c. then in our
+gardens. The same note is in Kippis. Richardson's portraits to Granger
+gives us the above profile. Mr. Johnson, at page 51 of his History of
+English Gardening, pointedly says, "Dr. Bulleyn deserves the veneration
+of every lover of gardening, for his strenuous advocating its cause, at
+a time when it had become a fashion to depreciate the products of our
+English gardens." And at page 57, pays him a further just tribute.
+
+THOMAS HYLL, who, in 1574, published, in 4to., "The Profitable Arte of
+Gardeninge." Another edition in 1593, 4to. His interesting chapter on
+Bees is annexed to these editions."[61] There appears another edition in
+small 12mo. imprinted at London, in Flete-strete, neare to St.
+Dunstone's Church, by Thomas Marshe, 1658. There are other editions, as
+1570 and 1574, 4to.; 1568, 12mo.; and 1563 and 1594, 16mo. Bromley thus
+mentions a portrait of him:--"Thomas Hill, wooden cut, prefixed to his
+Physiognomie; 12mo. 1571. Aged 42. A friend to Hyll, in a complimentary
+letter, prefixed to the above book, thus, in part, addresses the
+reader:--
+
+   _With painfull pen the writer hath exprest in English plane,
+   The needfull ayd, and mightie force, that doth in hearbes remaine,
+   The time to set, the time to plant, the time to raise again,
+   This man by treble diligence hath brought to light with paine._
+
+The portraits of the Lord Chancellor BACON are well known; but in Mr.
+Montagu's late edition of his works, a new or juvenile portrait is
+added, namely, a most expressive, intelligent, and beautiful miniature
+of him at his age of eighteen, by Hilyard, of whom Dr. Donne said,
+
+         ----_a hand or eye
+   By Hilyard drawn, is worth a history
+   By a worse painter._
+
+This fine edition of his works is illustrated by five portraits, taken
+at different periods of his lordship's life; by engravings of his
+residence, and monument, fac-similes, and other embellishments. In
+Mallett's edition are two portraits, one by Vertue, finely
+engraved.[62]
+
+GERARDE'S portrait (a fine one) is prefixed to his own edition of his
+Herbal. Two coats of arms are at the bottom. No painter, or engraver's
+name, except the initials, W. R. intertwined, which I suppose are those
+of W. Rogers, the engraver. There is another good head of Gerarde, a
+small oval one, in the title page to Johnson's edition. A portrait, in
+oil, of Gerarde, was sold by Mr. Christie, Nov. 11, 1826. Dr. Pulteney
+reviews both these Herbals. Gerarde is highly extolled by Dr. Bulleyn,
+and indeed attained deserved eminence in his day. Dr. Pulteney relates
+that "the thousand novelties which were brought into England by our
+circumnavigators, Raleigh and Cavendish, in 1580 and 1588, excited a
+degree of attention, which at this day cannot, without the aid of
+considerable recollection, be easily conceived. Raleigh himself appears
+to have possessed a larger share of taste for the curious productions of
+nature, than was common to the seafaring adventurers of that period. And
+posterity will rank these voyagers among the greatest benefactors to
+this kingdom, in having been the means, if tradition may be credited, of
+introducing the most useful root that Providence has held forth for the
+service of man. A voyage round the globe, howsoever familiarized in
+ours, was, in that age, a most interesting and fruitful occasion of
+enquiry. The return of Raleigh, and the fame of his manifold discoveries
+and collections, brought over from the continent the celebrated Clusius,
+then in the fifty-fifth year of his age. He, who added more to the stock
+of botany, in his day, than all his contemporaries united, visited
+England for the third time, to partake, at this critical juncture, in
+the general gratification. At this eventful period, Gerarde was in the
+vigour of life, and, without doubt, felt the influence, and reaped
+the advantage of all the circumstances I have enumerated." One
+of the editions of Gerarde thus appears in a bookseller's
+catalogue:--"Gerarde's Herball; or Generall Historie of Plants, very
+much enlarged by Johnson, folio, _beautiful impression of the
+frontispiece by Payne, fine copy, old Russia, gilt back, L3. 18s.
+1633_.[63]
+
+
+WALTER BLYTHE'S whole-length portrait (exhibiting a pensive and
+penetrating aspect), is prefixed to his "English Improver Improved;" and
+which work Professor Martyn terms "an original and incomparable work for
+the time." Dr. Beale calls him "honest Captain Blithe."
+
+
+GERVASE MARKHAM'S portrait is prefixed to his "Perfect Horseman;" 8vo.
+It is re-engraved for Richardson's portraits to Granger. Markham
+appears to have been a good soldier, as well as a good scholar. He
+published in 4to. 1623, "The Country House-Wife's Garden." He wrote
+Herod and Antipater, a tragedy. Langbaine speaks very much in his
+praise, and seemingly not without reason. Dr. Dibden, in his "Library
+Companion," says, "on many accounts does Markham seem entitled to more
+notice and commendation." He translated Leibault's Maison Rustique, in
+1616, in 4to. or small folio, and augmented it with many additions from
+Oliver de Serres, and others. Weston, in his Catalogue, says he
+re-printed the editions in 1614 and 1631, of Barnaby Gooche's Husbandry.
+He published many books on husbandry, on fowling, on angling, on
+military discipline, on horsemanship. Many of their titles are
+enumerated in Langbaine, and in Weston, and they appear all to be more
+fully stated in Watts's Bibl. Brit. Much information, as to Markham, may
+be seen in vol. ii. of the Censura Literaria; and in Sir E. Brydges's
+edition of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum, appears, perhaps,
+the best list of his works, with a brief memoir.[64]
+
+
+PARKINSON'S excellent portrait, by Marshall, appears in the title page
+to his _Theatrum Botanicum_, in 1640. Some one _may_ now possess the
+original. In his _Paradisus_, 1635, there is a very scurvy engraving of
+his healthy, and hearty-looking old countenance. In this miserable cut,
+which is on wood, the graver, Christopher Switzer, does not seem to have
+had a strife "_with nature to outdo the life_." Marshall's head is
+re-engraved for Richardson's Illustrations to Granger. Parkinson rose to
+such a degree of reputation, as to be appointed Apothecary to King
+James. He was appointed herbalist to Charles I. Dr. Pulteney speaks
+highly of both the above works, particularly of the _Theatrum_. All the
+memorials we have of the private history of this most industrious and
+zealous herbalist, are very scanty. He died about 1645, aged about 78.
+The curious contents of his _Paradisus_ are diffusively narrated in
+Johnson's English Gardening. When perusing the pages of either of the
+above, one may exclaim,
+
+                           ----"not a tree,
+   A plant, a leaf, a blossom, but contains
+   A folio volume. We may read, and read,
+   And read again; and still find something new,
+   Something to please, and something to instruct,
+   E'en in the humble weed."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The above is scarcely better than Switzer's. There appears no faithful
+portrait of Parkinson, but Marshall's, who _had the felicity_ to draw
+other portraits besides his.
+
+Hollar's striking portraits of the TRADESCANTS, are well known. On their
+tomb, at Lambeth, the following lines form part of the inscription:--
+
+   These famous Antiquarians, that had been
+   Both Gardeners to the rose and lily Queen,
+   Transplanted now themselves, sleep here; and when
+   Angels shall with their trumpets waken men,
+   And fire shall purge the world, these hence shall rise,
+   And change this Garden for a Paradise.
+
+In the Ashmolean Museum, is a portrait of the SON, _in his garden_, with
+a spade in his hand. In Mr. Nichols's "Illustrations to Granger,"
+consisting of seventy-five portraits, appear those of the Tradescants,
+father and son. Smith also engraved John Tradescant, with his son, and
+their monument, 1793. Mr. Weston, in his Catalogue, fully describes the
+_Museum Tradescantium_. Dr. Pulteney observes, that "in a work devoted
+to the commemoration of Botanists, their name stands too high not to
+demand an honourable notice; since they contributed, at an early period,
+by their garden and museum, to raise a curiosity that was eminently
+useful to the progress and improvement of natural history in general.
+The reader may see a curious account of the remains of this garden,
+drawn up in the year 1749, by the late Sir W. Watson, and printed in
+vol. xlvi. of the Phil. Trans. The son died in 1662. His widow erected a
+curious monument, in memory of the family, in Lambeth church-yard, of
+which a large account, and engravings from a drawing of it in the
+Pepysian Library, at Cambridge, are given by the late learned Dr.
+Ducarel, in vol. lxiii. of the Phil. Trans."
+
+
+SIR HENRY WOTTON, Provost of Eaton. His portrait is given in Isaac
+Walton's Lives of Wotton, and others. It, of course, accompanies
+Zouch's, and the other well-known editions of Isaac Walton's Lives. In
+Evans's Illustrations to Granger, is Sir H. Wotton, from the picture in
+the Bodleian Library, engraved by _Stow_. In Sir Henry's Reflections on
+Ancient and Modern Learning, is his chapter "On Ancient and Modern
+Agriculture and Gardening." Cowley wrote an elegy on him, which thus
+commences:--
+
+   What shall we say since silent now is he,
+   Who when he spoke, all things would silent be;
+   Who had so many languages in store,
+   That only Fame can speak of him with more.
+
+Isaac Walton published the "_Reliquiae Wottonianae_, or, Lives, Letters,
+Poems, &c. by Sir Henry Wotton," 12mo. 1654, with portraits of Wotton,
+Charles I., Earl of Essex, and Buckingham. Sir E. Brydges printed at his
+private press, at Lee Priory, Sir Henry's Characters of the Earl of
+Essex and Buckingham. In the _Reliquiae_, among many curious and
+interesting articles, is preserved Sir Henry's delicately complimentary
+letter to Milton on receiving from him _Comus_. Sir Henry, when a
+resident at Venice, (where he was sent on three several embassies by
+James) purchased for that munificent encourager of painting, the Duke of
+Buckingham, several valuable pictures, which were added to the Duke's
+magnificent collection. Isaac Walton's Life of Wotton thus
+concludes:--"Dying worthy of his name and family, worthy of the love of
+so many princes, and persons of eminent wisdom and learning, worthy of
+the trust committed unto him for the service of his prince and country."
+And, in his Angler, he thus sweetly paints the warm attachment he had
+for Wotton:--"a man with whom I have often fished and conversed, whose
+learning, wit, and cheerfulness, made his company to be esteemed one of
+the delights of mankind. Peace and patience, and a calm content, did
+cohabit in the cheerful heart of Sir Henry Wotton."
+
+
+SIR THOMAS BROWNE. Mr. Dallaway, in his Anecdotes of the Arts, mentions
+the following portrait of Sir Thomas:--"At Devonshire-house is a family
+groupe, by Dobson, of Sir Thomas Browne. He is smiling with the utmost
+complacency upon his children, who surround him." His portrait is also
+prefixed to his works. The Biograph. Dict., folio, 1748, says, "his
+picture, in the College of Physicians, shews him to have been remarkably
+handsome, and to have possessed, in a singular degree, the blessings of
+a grave, yet cheerful and inviting, countenance." The same work farther
+gives him a most amiable character. Mr. Ray, in his Ornithology, does
+not omit paying a just compliment to his assistant and friend, "the
+deservedly famous Sir Thomas Browne." Evelyn, in 1671, mentions Sir
+Thomas Browne's garden at Norwich, as containing a paradise of
+varieties, and the gardens of all the inhabitants as full of excellent
+flowers. Switzer says, "The noble elegance of his style has since
+induced many to read his works, (of which, that of _Cyrus's gardens_ is
+some of the brightest,) though they have had little inclination to the
+practice of gardening itself. There remains nothing that I have heard of
+his putting gardening actually into practice himself; but some of his
+last works being observations on several scarce plants mentioned in
+Scripture; and of Garlands and Coronary garden plants and flowers, 'tis
+reasonable to suppose he did; and the love he had so early and late
+discovered toward it, was completed in the delightful practice thereof."
+He further says, " his elaborate and ingenious pen has not a little
+added to the nobleness of our subject."[65] His works were published in
+1 vol. folio, 1686, with his portrait, engraved by White. His portrait
+appears also to his "Certain Miscellany Tracts," 8vo. A list of his
+numerous works may be seen in the Biogr. Dictionaires, or in Watts's
+Bibl. Britt. To his "Christian Morals," Dr. Johnson has prefixed his
+Life. It is so masterly written, that it is impossible to give even an
+abstract. Dr. Kippis has, however, in part, transcribed it. He was
+chosen Honorary Fellow of the College of Physicians, as a man _virtute
+et literas ornatissimus_. In 1671, he received the honour of Knighthood
+from Charles II., a prince, (says Dr. Johnson) "who, with many frailties
+and vices, had yet skill to discover excellence, and virtue to reward it
+with such honorary distinctions, at least, as cost him nothing, yet,
+conferred by a king so judicious and so much beloved, had the power of
+giving merit new lustre and greater popularity." Thus he lived in high
+reputation, till, in his seventy-sixth year, an illness, which tortured
+him a week, put an end to his life, at Norwich, on his birth-day,
+October 19, 1682. "Some of his last words (we are told by _Whitefoot_)
+were expressions of submission to the will of God, and fearlessness of
+death." Dr. Johnson observes, "It is not on the praises of others, but
+on his own writings, that he is to depend for the esteem of posterity;
+of which he will not be easily deprived, while learning shall have any
+reverence among men: for there is no science in which he does not
+discover some skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or
+sacred, abstruse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated
+with success. His exuberance of knowledge, and plenitude of ideas,
+sometimes obstruct the tendency of his reasoning, and the clearness of
+his decisions. On whatever subject he employed his mind, there started
+up immediately so many images before him, that he lost one by grasping
+another. His memory supplied him with so many illustrations, parallel or
+dependent notions, that he was always starting into collateral
+considerations. But the spirit and vigour of his pursuit always gives
+delight; and the reader follows him, without reluctance, through his
+mazes, of themselves flowery and pleasing, and ending at the point
+originally in view. There remains yet an objection against the writings
+of _Browne_, more formidable than the animadversions of criticism. There
+are passages from which some have taken occasion to rank him among
+deists, and others among atheists. It would be difficult to guess how
+any such conclusion should be formed, had not experience shewn that
+there are two sorts of men willing to enlarge the catalogue of infidels.
+When _Browne_ has been numbered among the contemners of religion by the
+fury of its friends, or the artifices of its enemies, it is no difficult
+task to replace him among the most zealous professors of christianity.
+He may perhaps, in the ardour of his imagination, have hazarded an
+expression, which a mind intent upon faults may interpret into heresy,
+if considered apart from the rest of his discourse; but a phrase is not
+to be opposed to volumes. There is scarcely a writer to be found, whose
+profession was not divinity, that has so frequently testified his belief
+of the sacred writings, has appealed to them with such unlimited
+submission, or mentioned them with such unvaried reverence."
+
+
+JOHN EVELYN, ESQ. His portrait by Nanteuil, and that by Kneller, holding
+his _Sylva_ in his hand, are well engraved in Mr. Bray's Memoirs. The
+following remark is from the Quarterly Review, in its review of the same
+work, in 1818:--"At four years old he was taught to read by the parish
+school-master, whose school was over the church porch; and 'at six his
+picture was drawn by one Chanteral, no ill painter.' If this portrait,
+as is not unlikely, be preserved in the family, it should have been
+engraved for the present work; it would have been very interesting to
+compare the countenance of such a person, in childhood, in the flower of
+years, when his head was engraved by Nanteuil, and in ripe old age, when
+he sat to Sir G. Kneller." In Aubrey's Surrey, vol. iv. are many
+interesting particulars of Mr. Evelyn, and his family, and he gives a
+list of his works. He says "his picture was thrice drawn in oil; first,
+in 1641, by one Vanderborcht, brought out of Germany at the same time
+with Hollar, the graver, by the Earl of Arundel; a second time in 1648,
+by Walker; and the third time by Sir G. Kneller, for his friend Mr.
+Pepys, of the Admiralty, of which that at the Royal Society is a copy.
+There is a print of him by Nanteuil, who likewise drew him more than
+once in black and white, with Indian ink; and a picture, in crayon, by
+Luterel." Mr. Evelyn lived in the busy times of Charles I., Cromwell,
+Charles II., James II., and William. He had much personal intercourse
+with Charles II. and James II., and was in the habits of great intimacy
+with many of the ministers of those two monarchs, and of the eminent men
+of those days. Foreigners, distinguished for learning or arts, who came
+to England, did not leave it without visiting him. His manners we may
+presume to have been of the most agreeable kind, for his company was
+sought by the greatest men, not merely by inviting him to their own
+tables, but by their repeated visits to him at his own house. Mr. Evelyn
+lived to the great age of eighty-six, and wished these words to be
+inscribed on his tomb:--"all is vanity that is not honest, and there is
+no solid wisdom but in real piety."[66] Cowley, in a letter to him,
+says, "I know nobody that possesses more private happiness than you do
+in your garden; and yet no man who makes his happiness more publick, by
+a free communication of the art and knowledge of it to others. All that
+I myself am able yet to do, is only to recommend to mankind the search
+of that felicity, which you instruct them how to find and to enjoy." The
+Quarterly Review thus speaks of his _Sylva_:--"The Sylva remained a
+beautiful and enduring memorial of his amusements, his occupations, and
+his studies, his private happiness, and his public virtues. The greater
+part of the woods, which were raised in consequence of Evelyn's
+writings, have been cut down; the oaks have borne the British flag to
+seas and countries which were undiscovered when they were planted, and
+generation after generation has been coffined in the elms. The trees of
+his age, which may yet be standing, are verging fast toward their decay
+and dissolution: but his name is fresh in the land, and his reputation,
+like the trees of an Indian Paradise, exists, and will continue to exist
+in full strength and beauty, uninjured by the course of time." Mr.
+Loudon, in his Encycl. of Gardening, thus speaks of him:--"Evelyn is
+universally allowed to have been one of the warmest friends to
+improvements in gardening and planting, that has ever appeared. He is
+eulogized by Wotton, in his _Reflections on Ancient and Modern
+Learning_, as having done more than all former ages." Switzer calls him
+"that good esquire, the king of gardeners." His life (says Mr. Walpole)
+"was a course of inquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and
+benevolence. He knew that retirement, in his own hands, was industry and
+benefit to mankind; in those of others, laziness and inutility."
+
+There appears the following more modern publications respecting Mr.
+Evelyn:--
+
+1. Sylva, with Notes by Hunter; in 4to, and 8vo.
+
+2. Memoirs and Correspondence of Mr. Evelyn. Edited by Mr. Bray. 5 vols.
+8vo. _Portraits_, and other plates. L3. 10s. Another edition, in 2
+vols., 4to.
+
+3. Evelyn's Miscellaneous Writings, collected and edited, with Notes, by
+Mr. Upcott. Forming a Supplement to the Evelyn Memoirs. 1 vol. 4to. with
+plates, 1825. L3. 10s.
+
+The Encycl. of Gardening enumerates the whole of Mr. Evelyn's works. So
+does Dr. Watts in his Bibl. Britt.; and Mr. Johnson in his History of
+English Gardening.[67]
+
+ABRAHAM COWLEY. The portraits of him are well known. That in Bishop
+Hurd's edition is very neat. This same portrait is also well engraved
+for Ankars's edition of Cowley; and also in that by Aikens, in 8vo. Dean
+Sprat has prefixed to his edition of Cowley, his portrait, engraved by
+Faithorne, and, in his preface, pays a warm and just tribute to his
+memory. When his death was announced to Charles II., he declared, that
+Mr. Cowley had not left a better man behind him in England. Cowley
+addresses his chapter _Of Gardens_ (which strongly paints his delight in
+them) to Mr. Evelyn. He wrote this epitaph for himself:--
+
+   From life's superfluous cares enlarg'd,
+   His debt of human toil discharg'd,
+   Here COWLEY lies, beneath this shed,
+   To ev'ry worldly interest _dead_:
+   With decent poverty content;
+   His hours of ease not idly spent;
+   To fortune's goods a foe profess'd,
+   And, hating wealth, by all caress'd.
+   'Tis sure he's _dead_; for, lo! how small
+   A spot of earth is now his all!
+   O! wish that earth may lightly lay,
+   And ev'ry care be far away!
+   Bring flow'rs, the short-liv'd roses bring,
+   To _life deceased_ fit offering!
+   And sweets around the poet strow,
+   Whilst yet with life his ashes glow.
+
+
+JOHN ROSE, head gardener to the Lord Essex, at Essex-house, in the
+Strand. He sent him to study the celebrated beauties in the gardens of
+Versailles. He became afterwards the chief gardener to Charles II., at
+the royal gardens in St. James's Park. His portrait may be seen at
+Kensington, in an oil painting, where he is presenting a pine to his
+Majesty, whilst on a visit to the Duchess of Cleveland, at Downey Court,
+Buckinghamshire. It has lately been engraved in mezzotinto. He was the
+author of "The English Vineyard Vindicated, and the Way of Making Wine
+in France;" first printed with Evelyn's French Gardener, in 1672, 12mo.
+Other editions in 1675, 1676, and 1690, in 8vo. The preface is by
+Evelyn, as well as The Art of Making Wine. Rose brought to great
+perfection dwarf fruit trees, in the gardens at Hampton Court, Carlton,
+and Marlborough House. Switzer thus speaks of him:--"He was esteemed to
+be the best of his profession in those days, and ought to be remembered
+for the encouragement he gave to a servant of his, that has since made
+the greatest figure that ever yet any gardener did, I mean Mr. London.
+Mr. Rose may be well ranked amongst the greatest virtuosos of that time,
+(now dead) who were all well pleased to accept of his company while
+living."
+
+
+CHARLES COTTON. He published "The Planter's Manual," 12mo. 1675. There
+is prefixed to it a rural frontispiece, by Van Houe. Mr. Johnson
+properly calls him "one of the _Scriptores minores_ of horticulture."
+His "devoted attachment to Izaak Walton, forms the best evidence we have
+of his naturally amiable disposition." His portrait is finely engraved
+in Mr. Major's extensively illustrated and most attractive editions of
+the Angler; a delightful book, exhibiting a "matchless picture of rural
+nature." Mr. Cotton's portrait is also well engraved in Zouch's Life of
+Walton; and in the many other curious and embellished editions of Walton
+and Cotton's Angler. He translated with such truth and spirit, the
+celebrated Essays of Montaigne, that he received from that superior
+critic, the Marquis of Halifax, a most elegant encomium. Sir John
+Hawkins calls it "one of the most valuable books in the English
+language." A complete list of Mr. Cotton's works appears in Watts's
+Bibl. Britt. When describing, in his _Wonders of the Peake_, the Queen
+of Scot's Pillar, he thus breaks out:--
+
+   Illustrious _Mary_, it had happy been,
+   Had you then found a cave like this to skreen
+   Your sacred person from those frontier spies,
+   That of a sovereign princess durst make prize,
+   When Neptune too officiously bore
+   Your cred'lous innocence to this faithless shore.
+   Oh, _England_! once who hadst the only fame
+   Of being kind to all who hither came
+   For refuge and protection, how couldst thou
+   So strangely alter thy good nature now,
+   Where there was so much excellence to move,
+   Not only thy compassion, but thy love?
+   'Twas strange on earth, save _Caledonian_ ground,
+   So impudent a villain could be found,
+   Such majesty and sweetness to accuse;
+   Or, after that, a judge would not refuse
+   Her sentence to pronounce; or that being done,
+   Even amongst bloody'st hangmen, to find one
+   Durst, though her face was veil'd, and neck laid down,
+   Strike off the fairest head e'er wore a crown.
+   And what state policy there might be here,
+   Which does with right too often interfere,
+   I 'm not to judge: yet thus far dare be bold,
+   A fouler act the sun did ne'er behold.[68]
+
+Plott, in his Staffordshire, calls Mr. Cotton "his worthy, learned, and
+most ingenious friend." Sir John Hawkins thus speaks of him:--"He was
+both a wit and a scholar; of an open, cheerful, and hospitable temper;
+endowed with fine talents for conversation, and the courtesy and
+affability of a gentleman." He farther thus speaks of one of his
+poems:--"It is not for their courtly and elegant turn, that the verses
+of Charles Cotton ought to be praised; there is such a delightful flow
+of feeling and sentiment, so much of the best part of our nature mixed
+up in them, and so much fancy displayed, that one of our most
+distinguished living poets has adduced several passages of his Ode upon
+Winter, for a general illustration of the characteristics of fancy." He
+must have possessed many endearing qualities, for the benevolent and
+pious Walton thus concludes a letter to his "most honoured friend,
+Charles Cotton, Esq.:"--"though I be more than a hundred miles from you,
+and in the eighty-third year of my age, yet I will forget both, and next
+month begin a pilgrimage to beg your pardon: for I would die in your
+favour, and till then will live, Sir, your most affectionate father and
+friend, Isaac Walton." One cannot wonder at the good old man wishing to
+visit the courteous and well-bred Mr. Cotton, and to enjoy the
+intercourse of hospitable urbanity, near the pastoral streams of the
+Dove, when he had received such an invitation as the following,
+addressed to his "dear and most worthy friend, Mr. Isaac Walton:"--
+
+   Whilst in this cold and blustering clime,
+     Where bleak winds howl and tempests roar,
+   We pass away the roughest time
+     Has been of many years before;
+
+   Whilst from the most tempestuous nooks
+     The chillest blasts our peace invade,
+   And by great rains our smallest brooks
+     Are almost navigable made;
+
+   Whilst all the ills are so improved,
+     Of this dead quarter of the year,
+   That even you, so much beloved,
+     We would not now wish with us here;
+
+   In this estate, I say, it is
+     Some comfort to us to suppose,
+   That, in a better clime than this,
+     You, our dear friend, have more repose;
+
+   And some delight to me the while,
+     Though nature now does weep in rain,
+   To think that I have seen her smile,
+     And haply may I do again.
+
+   If the all-ruling Power please
+     We live to see another May,
+   We'll recompense an age of these
+     Foul days in one fine fishing day.
+
+   We then shall have a day or two,
+     Perhaps a week, wherein to try
+   What the best master's hand can do
+     With the most deadly killing fly:
+
+   A day with not too bright a beam,
+     A warm, but not a scorching sun,
+   A southern gale to curl the stream,
+     and, master, half our work is done.
+
+   There, whilst behind some bush we wait
+     The scaly people to betray,--
+   We'll prove it just, with treacherous bait
+     To make the preying _Trout_ our prey.
+
+   And think ourselves, in such an hour,
+     Happier than those, though not so high,
+   Who, like _Leviathans_, devour
+     Of meaner men the smaller fry.
+
+   This, my best friend, at my poor home
+     Shall be our pastime and our theme;
+   But then--should you not deign to come,
+     You make all this a flattering dream.
+
+In wandering over the lovely scenes, the pleasant brooks, the
+flower-bespangled meadows, which the moral pages of Isaac Walton so
+unaffectedly delineate, it is impossible not to recur to the name of the
+late author of _Salmonia_, and to reflect, that on these pages he oft
+unbended his vigorous mind from his severe and brilliant discoveries. We
+can now only lament the (almost) premature death of this high-ranked
+philosopher, this great benefactor to the arts, and deep promoter of
+science, whose mortal remains were consigned to his unostentatious tomb,
+at Geneva, in one of the finest evenings of summer, followed by the
+eloquent and amiable historian, De Sismondi, and by other learned and
+illustrious men. One may apply to his last moments at Geneva, (where he
+had arrived only one day before) these lines of his own favourite
+Herbert:--
+
+   _Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright,
+     The bridal of the earth and sky,
+   Sweet dews shall weep thy fall to-night,
+     For thou must die!_[69]
+
+
+SAMUEL GILBERT'S portrait is prefixed to his "Florist's Vade Mecum;"
+12mo. In his "Gardener's Almanack," is a particular description of the
+roses cultivated in the English gardens at that period. He was the
+author of "Fons Sanitatis, or the Healing Spring at Willowbridge Wells."
+He was son-in-law to John Rea, the author of Flora, and who planned the
+gardens at Gerard's Bromley. Willowbridge Wells are at a little distance
+from where these once superb gardens were.
+
+JACOB BOBART, the elder, is an admirable portrait, by D. Loggan, taken
+at his age of eighty-one, and engraved by Burghers. Granger says it is
+extremely scarce. Beneath the head, which is dated 1675, is this
+distich:--
+
+   _Thou Germane prince of plants, each year to thee,
+   Thousands of subjects grant a subsidy._
+
+It is a venerable countenance, of deep thought. Richardson re-engraved
+this among his Illustrations to Granger. Granger mentions also a
+whole-length of Bobart in a garden, dog, goat, &c. 4to. The Encycl. of
+Gardening says, "Bobart's descendants are still in Oxford, and known as
+coach proprietors." Do none of them possess the original painting? The
+munificence of the Earl of Danby placed Bobart in the physic garden at
+Oxford, in 1632, as supervisor; and this garden flourished many years
+under his care, and that of his son Jacob, whose zeal and diligence Dr.
+Pulteney records. The elder Bobart was the author of the _Hortus
+Oxoniensis_, 1648. Wood, in his Athenae, informs us, that "Jacob Bobart
+died in his garden-house, in February, 1679, whereupon his body was
+buried in the church of St. Peter, Oxon." He left two sons, _Jacob_ and
+_Tillemant_. Tillemant became a master coachman between Oxford and
+London, but having had the misfortune to break his leg, became one of
+the beadles of the university. In the preface to Mr. Nicholls's late
+curious work on autographs, among other _albums_, in the British Museum,
+it mentions that of David Krein, in which is the autograph of Jacob
+Bobart, with these verses;--
+
+             ----"virtus sua gloria.
+
+   Think that day lost whose descending sun
+   Views from thy hand no noble action done.
+
+         Yr success and happyness
+               is sincerely wished by
+                     Ja. Bobart, Oxford."
+
+It appears from Ray's History of Plants, that Jacob Bobart, the son, was
+a frequent communicator to him of scarce plants. It was this son who
+published the second volume of Morrison's Oxford History of Plants, who
+wrote its excellent preface, and who engaged _Burghers_ to engrave many
+of the new plants; which engravings are highly commended by Pulteney.
+Mr. Johnson, in page 148 of his History of Gardening, thus pays Bobart a
+high compliment:--"a phalanx of botanists were then contemporaries,
+which previous ages never equalled, nor succeeding ones surpassed. Ray,
+Tournefort, Plumier, Plukenet, Commelin, Rivinus, _Bobart_, Petiver,
+Sherard, Boccone, Linnaeus, may be said to have lived in the same age."
+
+JAMES GARDINER. His portrait is engraved by Vertue, from after Verelst,
+and prefixed to his translation of _Rapin on Gardens_, 8vo. second
+edition; no date. A third edition, 8vo. 1728. I believe he also wrote
+"On the Beatitudes;" 2 vols. 8vo. Switzer says, that this "incomparable
+Latin poem was translated by an ingenious and worthily dignified
+clergyman, and a great lover of gardening, Mr. Gardiner, Sub-Dean of
+Lincoln." He became afterwards (I believe) Bishop of Lincoln; and a
+Latin epitaph on this bishop is in Peck's _Desid. Curiosa._ There is a
+print of "Jacobus Gardiner, Episc. Lincoln," engraved by George White,
+from after Dahl.
+
+SIR WILLIAM TEMPLE. The portraits of this worthy man are numerous.
+Vanderbane's engraving, from Sir Peter Lely's, is particularly fine.
+Vertue's engravings, from Sir Peter, in the folio editions of 1720 and
+1740, are also fine. This same portrait is neatly engraved in the late
+Mr. Nichol's Collection of Poems. Houbraken has also engraved the same
+for Birch's Lives. Sir William Temple, after spending twenty years in
+negociations with foreign powers, retired in 1680 from public life, and
+employed his time in literary pursuits. He was ambassador for many years
+at the court of Holland, and there acquired his knowledge and taste in
+gardening. He had a garden at Sheen, and afterwards, another at Moor
+Park, where he died in 1700; and though his body was buried in
+Westminster Abbey, his heart was enclosed in a silver urn under a
+sun-dial in the latter garden. His Essay "Upon the Gardens of Epicurus,
+or of Gardening in the year 1685," is printed in all the editions of his
+works.[70] These works are published in 2 vols. folio, and 4 vols. 8vo.
+Switzer, in his History of Gardening, first published in 1715, says,
+"That he was a great lover of gardening, appears by his own writings,
+and several kinds of fruit brought over by him out of Holland, &c. as
+well as by the testimony of his neighbours _yet living_, the greatest
+consolation of his life being, in the lucid intervals he had from public
+employs, in his beloved gardens at _Sheen_." And, in his Fruit Gardener
+he says, that "the magnificence and generosity of this great lover of
+planting, distributed vast numbers of the finest grapes among the
+nurserymen about London, as well as amongst the nobility and gentry."
+Lord Mountmorris thus speaks of him:--"The retirement of this great man
+has bequeathed the most invaluable legacy to posterity. Of the taste and
+elegance of his writings too much can never be said, illuminated as they
+are by that probity and candour which pervade them, and those charms
+which render truth irresistible. Though other writers may be more the
+objects of imitation to the scholar, yet his style is certainly the best
+adapted to the politician and the man of fashion; nor would such an
+opinion be given, were it not for an anecdote of Swift, which I had from
+the late Mr. Sheridan, who told me the dean always recommended him as
+the best model, and had repeatedly said that the style of Sir William
+Temple was the easiest, the most liberal, and the most brilliant
+in our language. In a word, when we consider his probity, his
+disinterestedness, his contempt of wealth, the genuine beauty of his
+style, which was as brilliant, as harmonious, and as pure as his life
+and manners; when we reflect upon the treasures which he has bequeathed
+by his example and by his works to his country, which no man ever loved
+better, or esteemed more; we cannot avoid considering Sir William Temple
+as one of the greatest characters which has appeared upon the political
+stage; and he may be justly classed with the greatest names of
+antiquity, and with the most brilliant characters which adorn and
+illustrate the Grecian or Roman annals." Mr. Mason, in his English
+Garden, contrasts Sir William's idea of "a perfect garden," with those
+of Lord Bacon, and Milton; but he candidly says,
+
+                        ----and yet full oft
+   O'er Temple's studious hour did truth preside,
+   Sprinkling her lustre o'er his classic page;
+   There hear his candour own, in fashion's spite,
+   In spite of courtly dulness hear it own,
+   _There is a grace in wild variety
+   Surpassing rule and order._ Temple, yes,
+   There is a grace; and let eternal wreaths
+   Adorn their brows who fixt its empire here."
+
+He then, in glowing lines, pays an animated tribute to Addison, Pope,
+and Kent. Hume records that "he was full of honour and humanity." Sir
+William thus concludes one of his philosophic essays:--"When this is
+done, human life is, at the greatest and the best, but like a froward
+child, that must be played with and humoured a little to keep it quiet
+till it falls asleep, and then the care is over." His garden was one of
+his last delights. He knew what kind of life was best fitted to make a
+man's last days happy. Mr. Walpole, though he censures Sir William's
+warm panegyric on the garden at Moor Park, yet scruples not doing him
+full justice, in styling him an excellent man, and an admired writer,
+whose style, as to his garden, is animated with the colouring and glow
+of poetry. Mr. Cobbett, in his _English Gardener_, thus deplores the
+fate of Moor Park:--"This really wise and excellent man, Sir W. Temple,
+who, while he possessed the soundest judgment, and was employed in some
+of the greatest concerns of his country, so ardently, yet so rationally
+and unaffectedly, praises the pursuits of gardening, in which he
+delighted from his youth to his old age; and of his taste in which, he
+gave such delightful proofs in those gardens and grounds at Moor Park,
+beneath the turf of one spot of which, he caused by his will, his heart
+to be buried, and which spot, together with all the rest of the
+beautiful arrangement, has been torn about and disfigured within the
+last fifty years, by a succession of wine merchants, spirit merchants,
+West Indians, and God knows what besides." And, in his _Woodlands_, he
+says, "I have stood for hours, when a little boy, looking at this object
+(the canal and borders of beautiful flowers at Moor Park); I have
+travelled far since, and have seen a great deal; but I have never seen
+any thing of the gardening kind so beautiful in the whole course of my
+life." Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, after noticing
+many general particulars of Sir William, devotes an interesting page to
+Sir William's attachment to gardening; and every line in this generous
+page, betrays his own delight in this art. He thus concludes this
+page:--"Nothing can demonstrate more fully the delight he took in
+gardening, than the direction left in his will, that his heart should be
+buried beneath the sun-dial of his garden, at Moor Park, near Farnham,
+in Surrey. In accordance with which, it was deposited there in a silver
+box, affording another instance of the ruling passion unweakened even in
+death. Nor was this an unphilosophical clinging to that which it was
+impossible to retain; but rather that grateful feeling, common to our
+nature, of desiring finally to repose where in life we have been happy.
+In his garden, Sir William Temple had spent the calmest hours of a
+well-spent life, and where his heart had been most peaceful, he wished
+its dust to mingle, and thus, at the same time, offering his last
+testimony to the sentiment, that in a garden
+
+   _Hic secura quies, et nescia fallere vita._"
+
+JOHN LOCKE wrote "Observations upon the Growth of Vines and Olives; the
+Production of Silk, the Preservation of Fruits. Written at the request
+of the Earl of Shaftesbury; now first printed from the original
+manuscript in the possession of the present Earl of Shaftesbury, 1s. 6d.
+Sandby, 1766." Among the many portraits we have of this learned man, the
+public are indebted to Lord King, for having prefixed to his Life of Mr.
+Locke, a very fine portrait of him, from after Greenhill. This great and
+good man possessed, in the highest degree, those virtues that have
+given him a claim to the highest rank in the admiration of posterity. In
+Rutter's delineations of a part of Somersetshire, he gives a neat
+wood-cut of the cottage at Wrington, wherein Locke was born, and he
+informs us, that in the garden belonging to Mrs. Hannah More, near that
+village, she has placed an urn commemorative of Locke, which was a gift
+to her from the justly celebrated Mrs. Montague. He was drawn also by
+Kneller. Bromley gives a list of many of his engraved portraits.
+Houbraken engraved one for Birch's Lives. Vertue gave two engravings
+from Kneller.
+
+WILLIAM FLEETWOOD, successively Bishop of St. Asaph and Ely, and who
+died in 1723, was author of "Curiosities of Nature and Art in Husbandry
+and Gardening," 8vo. 1707. His portrait is prefixed to his "Sermons on
+the Relative Duties," 8vo. 1716; and also to his "Essay on the
+Miracles." His works were published in a collected form in 1 vol. folio,
+1737. He was incontestibly the best preacher in his time. Dr. Doddridge
+calls him "silver tongued." Pope's line of
+
+   _The gracious dew of pulpit eloquence_,
+
+might, no doubt, have been justly applied to him. Dr. Drake, in the
+third volume of his Essays, to illustrate the Tatler, Spectator, and
+Guardian, has some interesting pages respecting him. His benevolent
+heart and exemplary life, added great effect to his persuasive eloquence
+in the pulpit. "His sermons (says Lempriere), and divinity tracts, were
+widely circulated; but the firmness of his opinions drew upon him the
+censure of the House of Commons. His preface to his sermons on the
+deaths of Mary, the Duke of Gloucester, and of William, and on the
+accession of Anne, gave such offence to the ministry, that the book was
+publicly burnt in 1712; but it was more universally read, and even
+appeared in the Spectator, No. 384." As to this burning, Dr. Johnson
+remarked, that fire is a conclusive, but not a convincing argument; it
+will certainly destroy any book, but it refutes none.[71] In an
+_Obituary_, preserved in Peck's Desid. Curiosa, it thus mentions the
+death of a Jeffery Fleetwood, "leaving a wife and six little children
+behind him. God bless them. One of these little children was the famous
+William Fleetwood, Bishop of Ely."
+
+JOSEPH ADDISON, Esq. There is an original portrait of this eminent man,
+at Holland House. Another at Oxford. Noble's continuation of Granger
+enumerates several engravings of him, from Kneller's portraits. Dayl,
+the painter, also drew him. His portrait appears in the Kit Cat Club. In
+Ireland's "Picturesque Views on the River Avon," he gives an interesting
+description of Mr. Addison's house at Bilton, near Rugby, two miles from
+Dunchurch; with a view of the same. The house "remains precisely in the
+state it was at the decease of its former possessor, nor has the
+interior suffered much change in its former decoration. The furniture
+and pictures hold their places with an apparent sacred attention to his
+memory. Among the latter, are three of himself, at different periods of
+his life; in each of which is strongly marked with the pencil, the ease
+of the gentleman, and the open and ingenuous character of the friend to
+humanity." From Dr. Drake's Biographical Sketch of Addison, it appears,
+that these portraits were still remaining in his house in 1797. A copy
+of the above view is given in the Monthly Magazine for February, 1822,
+and it there says, that "the spacious gardens retain the fashion of the
+age of the Spectator." The origin of the modern style of landscape
+gardening, or the first writers on that subject, were unquestionably Mr.
+Addison, in Nos. 414 and 477 of the _Spectator_, and Mr. Pope in his
+celebrated _Guardian_. The first artists who practised in this style,
+were Bridgman and Kent.[72] Mr. Addison's pure taste on these subjects
+is visible even where he prefers Fontainebleau to the magnificent
+Versailles, in his paper in the _Guardian_, No. 101:--"It is situated
+among rocks and woods, that give you a fine variety of savage prospects.
+The king has humoured the genius of the place, and only made use of so
+much art as is necessary to help and regulate nature, without reforming
+her too much. The cascades seem to break through the clefts and cracks
+of rocks that are covered over with moss, and look as if they were piled
+upon one another by accident. There is an artificial wildness in the
+meadows, walks, and canals; and the garden, instead of a wall, is fenced
+on the lower end by a natural mound of rock-work that strikes the eye
+very agreeably. For my part, I think there is something more charming in
+these rude heaps of stone than in so many statues, and would as soon see
+a river winding through woods and meadows, as when it is tossed up in so
+many whimsical figures at Versailles." In No. 414 of his Spectator, he
+says, "English gardens are not so entertaining to the fancy as those in
+France, and Italy, where we see a large extent of ground covered over
+with an agreeable mixture of garden, and forest, which represent every
+where an artificial rudeness, much more charming than that neatness and
+elegancy which we meet with in those of our own country." Mr. Murphy
+thus compares Addison with Johnson:--"Addison lends grace and ornament
+to truth; Johnson gives it force and energy. Addison makes virtue
+amiable; Johnson represents it as an awful duty." Addison has been
+called the English Fenelon. Johnson calls him the Raphael of essay
+writers. The imposing and commanding attitude of the statue erected a
+few years since in the Poets' Corner, seems to have arisen, and to have
+been devoted to his memory, from his _Reflections on the Tombs in the
+Abbey_. Those reflections I here subjoin; and I am sure my reader will
+agree with me, that I could not offer a purer honour to his genius and
+memory:--"No.26, Friday, March 30.
+
+   _Pallida mors aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabernas
+     Regumque turres, O beate sexti.
+   Vitae summa brevis spem nos vetat inchoare longam,
+     Jam te premet nox, fabulaeque manes,
+   Et domus exilis Plutonia._--HOR.
+
+   With equal foot, rich friend, impartial fate
+   Knocks at the cottage, and the palace gate:
+   Life's span forbids thee to extend thy cares,
+   And stretch thy hopes beyond thy tender years:
+   Night soon will seize, and you must quickly go
+   To storied ghosts, and _Pluto's_ house below.--CREECH.
+
+"When I am in a serious humour, I very often walk by myself in
+Westminster Abbey; where the gloominess of the place, and the use to
+which it is applied, with the solemnity of the building, and the
+condition of the people who lie in it, are apt to fill the mind with a
+kind of melancholy, or rather thoughtfulness, that is not disagreeable.
+I yesterday passed a whole afternoon in the church-yard, the cloisters,
+and the church, amusing myself with the tomb-stones and inscriptions
+that I met with in those several regions of the dead. Most of them
+recorded nothing else of the buried person, but that he was born upon
+one day and died upon another: the whole history of his life being
+comprehended in those two circumstances, that are common to all mankind.
+I could not but look upon these registers of existence, whether of brass
+or marble, as a kind of satire upon the departed persons; who had left
+no other memorial of them, but that they were born and that they died.
+They put me in mind of several persons mentioned in the battles of
+heroic poems, who have sounding names given them, for no other reason
+but that they may be killed, and are celebrated for nothing but being
+knocked on the head.
+
+   _Glaucumque, Medontaque, Thersilochumque._--VIRG.
+
+"The life of these men is finely described in holy writ by _the path of
+an arrow_, which is immediately closed up and lost. Upon my going into
+the church, I entertained myself with the digging of a grave; and saw in
+every shovel-full of it that was thrown up, the fragment of a bone or
+skull intermixed with a kind of fresh mouldering earth that some time or
+other had a place in the composition of an human body. Upon this I began
+to consider with myself what innumerable multitudes of people lay
+confused together under the pavement of that ancient cathedral; how men
+and women, friends and enemies, priests and soldiers, monks and
+prebendaries, were crumbled amongst one another, and blended together in
+the same common mass; how beauty, strength, and youth, with old age,
+weakness, and deformity, lay undistinguished in the same promiscuous
+heap of matter. After having thus surveyed this great magazine of
+mortality, as it were in the lump; I examined it more particularly by
+the accounts which I found on several of the monuments which are raised
+in every quarter of that ancient fabrick. Some of them were covered with
+such extravagant epitaphs, that if it were possible for the dead person
+to be acquainted with them, he would blush at the praises which his
+friends have bestowed upon him. There are others so excessively modest,
+that they deliver the character of the person departed in _Greek_ or
+_Hebrew_, and by that means are not understood once in a twelvemonth. In
+the poetical quarter, I found there were poets who had no monuments, and
+monuments which had no poets. I observed indeed that the present war had
+filled the church with many of these uninhabited monuments, which had
+been erected to the memory of persons whose bodies were buried in the
+plains of _Blenheim_, or in the bosom of the ocean. I could not but be
+very much delighted with several modern epitaphs, which are written with
+great elegance of expression and justness of thought, and therefore do
+honour to the living as well as to the dead. As a foreigner is very apt
+to conceive an idea of the ignorance or politeness of a nation from the
+turn of their public monuments and inscriptions, they should be
+submitted to the perusal of men of learning and genius before they are
+put in execution. Sir_Cloudesly Shovel's_ monument has very often given
+me great offence: instead of the brave rough _English_ admiral, which
+was the distinguishing character of that plain gallant man, he is
+represented on his tomb by the figure of a beau, dressed in a long
+periwig, and reposing himself upon velvet cushions under a canopy of
+state. The inscription is answerable to the monument; for, instead of
+celebrating the many remarkable actions he had performed in the service
+of his country, it acquaints us only with the manner of his death, in
+which it was impossible for him to reap any honour. The _Dutch_, whom we
+are apt to despise for want of genius, shew an infinitely greater taste
+of antiquity and politeness in their buildings and works of this nature,
+than what we meet with in those of our own country. The monuments of
+their admirals, which have been erected at the public expense, represent
+them like themselves; and are adorned with rostral crowns and naval
+ornaments, with beautiful festoons of sea-weed, shells, and coral. But
+to return to our subject. I have left the repository of our English
+kings for the contemplation of another day, when I shall find my mind
+disposed for so serious an amusement. I know that entertainments of this
+nature are apt to raise dark and dismal thoughts in timorous minds, and
+gloomy imaginations; but, for my own part, though I am always serious,
+I do not know what it is to be melancholy; and can therefore take a view
+of nature in her deep and solemn scenes, with the same pleasure as in
+her most gay and delightful ones. By this means I can improve myself
+with those objects which others consider with terror. When I look upon
+the tombs of the great, every emotion of envy dies in me; when I read
+the epitaphs of the beautiful, every inordinate desire goes out; when I
+meet with the grief of parents upon a tomb-stone, my heart melts with
+compassion; when I see the tomb of the parents themselves, I consider
+the vanity of grieving for those whom we must quickly follow: When I see
+kings lying by those who deposed them, when I consider rival wits placed
+side by side, or the holy men that divided the world with their contests
+and disputes, I reflect with sorrow and astonishment on the little
+competitions, factions, and debates of mankind. When I read the several
+dates of the tombs, of some that died yesterday, and some six hundred
+years ago, I consider that great day when we shall all of us be
+contemporaries, and make our appearance together."[73]
+
+
+REV. JOHN LAWRENCE published "The Clergyman's Recreation, shewing the
+Pleasure and Profit of the Art of Gardening;" 8vo. 1714. Also a poem,
+called "Paradise Regained, or the Art of Gardening;" 8vo. 1728. The
+sixth edition of "The Clergyman's Recreation" has "the effigies of the
+author, engraved by Vertue." I have seen eight copies of this sixth
+edition, and in neither of them has this portrait been. No doubt the
+collecting to form Granger's, has deprived each copy of its portrait.
+This is an expressive portrait, ornamented with a vine wreath, and with
+a rich cornucopia or clusters of ripe fruit. The original picture from
+which Vertue's print was taken, was at Pallion, near Durham, the seat of
+his grandson, John Goodchild, Esq. In Rodd's catalogue of engraved
+portraits, printed a few years ago, was "John Lawrence, prebend of
+Salisbury, _original drawing by Vertue_, price 5s." Mr. Lawrence
+published also, in folio, in 1726, his System of Agriculture and
+Gardening. Mr. Nichols, in vol. iv. of his Literary Anecdotes, has given
+a list of all his works, has preserved a few particulars respecting him,
+and pays a just tribute to him. A list of his works may also be seen in
+Watts's Bibl. Brit., and in Mr. Johnson's work. The Encycl. of Gardening
+informs us that he was "of a hospitable and benevolent disposition,
+taking great pleasure in presenting a rich dessert of fruit to his
+friends." He was presented to the rectory of Yelvertoft,
+Northamptonshire, in 1703, "by the extraordinary uncommon bounty of a
+generous patron." In 1721, he was presented to that of Bishop's
+Wearmouth, Durham, where he died in 1732. He was also a prebend of
+Salisbury.[74]
+
+Mr. Lawrence thus enforces the pleasures of a garden, to his own
+order:--"to make them happy by loving an innocent diversion, the
+amusements of a garden being not only most delightful to those that love
+them, but most wholesome to those that use them. A good man knows how to
+recapitulate all his pleasures in a devout lifting up of his hands, his
+eyes and his heart, to the great and bountiful author of nature, who
+gives beauty, relish, and success to all our honest labours." His pen
+likewise paints with "soft and tempting colours," the extreme beauty of
+our fruit-trees, when clothed with their different coloured blossoms,
+(what Lord Byron calls _the sweet and blooming fruits of
+earth_):--"What a pleasing entertainment is it to the eye, to behold
+the apricot in its full blossom, white as snow, and at the same time the
+peach with its crimson-coloured blooms; both beginning to be
+interspersed with green leaves! These are succeeded by the pear, the
+cherry, and the plum, whose blossoms and leaves make a very beautiful
+mixture in the spring; and it cannot be a less pleasant sight to see
+clusters of swelling fruit all the summer, as the earnest of the full
+gratification of another sense in autumn. And now we have come hither,
+what painter can draw a landskip more charming and beautiful to the eye,
+than an old Newington peach-tree laden with fruit in August, when the
+sun has first begun to paint one side of the fruit with such soft and
+tempting colours? The apricot, the pear, the cherry and plum, when they
+appear in plenty as they ought, present themselves to the eye at the
+time of ripening in very inviting blushes. In short, all the several
+sorts of fruit trees have such pleasing varieties, that were there no
+other sense to be gratified but the sight, they may vie with a parterre
+even of the finest flowers." He thus mentions the month of _July_:--"How
+beautiful and refreshing are the mornings and evenings of such days,
+when the very air is perfumed with pleasant odours, and every thing that
+presents itself to the eye gives fresh occasion to the devout admirer to
+praise and adore the Great Creator, who hath given such wisdom and power
+to man to diversify nature in such various instances, and (for his own
+use, pleasure, and profit,) to assist her in all her operations." This
+worthy clergyman might have applied to the delights of a garden, the
+sacred words of scripture:--"her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all
+her paths are peace."[75]
+
+ALEXANDER POPE. Numerous are the engraved portraits of this graceful and
+harmonious poet. Noble's continuation of Granger, gives all, or the
+greater part of the engravings from his portraits, from which it will be
+seen, that he was drawn by Kneller, by Richardson, by many others, and
+particularly by his friend Jervas. As a portrait painter, Mr. Jervas
+was far from eminent. Pope's attachment to him, however, has enshrined
+his name in glowing lines to future generations. The portraits of Pope
+which Jervas drew, were done _con amore_. Mr. Jennings, of Cheapside,
+has prefixed to his elegant folio edition of the "Essay on Man," a
+_whole-length_ of Mr. Pope, from after Jervas. In Dodsley's Collection
+of Poems, vol. iii. is a very striking bust of Mr. Pope, as an
+accompaniment to Mr. Dodsley's affecting poem to his memory, which he
+entitles _The Cave of Pope_. Surely this bust must have strongly
+resembled Pope, or Mr. Dodsley would not have inserted it. The profile
+to Ruffhead's Life, in 4to. 1769, _must_ have been a likeness, or Bishop
+Warburton would not have permitted its insertion. His age was then
+twenty-four. It is finely engraved by Ravenet, from Kneller. It is a
+striking portrait. A copy of this is admirably engraved in Bell's Poets,
+richly ornamented. A copy from that by Richardson is prefixed to
+Warton's edition. Among the portraits at _Hagley_, is that of Pope, and
+his dog Bounce, by Richardson.[76] Lord Chesterfield thus speaks of
+Pope:--"His poor, crazy, deformed body, was a mere Pandora's box,
+containing all the physical ills that ever afflicted humanity. This,
+perhaps, whetted the edge of his satire, and may, in some degree, excuse
+it. I will say nothing of his works; they speak sufficiently for
+themselves; they will live as long as taste and letters shall remain in
+this country, and be more and more admired, as envy and resentment shall
+subside. But I will venture this piece of classical blasphemy: which is,
+that however he may be supposed to be obliged to Horace, Horace is more
+obliged to him." Mr. Ruffhead (generally supposed to have had his
+information from Dr. Warburton) thus states:--"Mr. Pope was low in
+stature, and of a diminutive and misshapen figure, which no one
+ridiculed more pleasantly than himself. His constitution was naturally
+tender and delicate, and in his temper he was naturally mild and
+gentle, yet sometimes betrayed that exquisite sensibility which is the
+concomitant of genius. His lively perception and delicate feeling,
+irritated by wretched ill health, made him too quickly take fire, but
+his good sense and humanity soon rendered him placable. With regard to
+the extent of his genius, it was so wide and various, that perhaps it
+may not be too much to say, that he excelled in every species of
+composition; and, beside his excellence as a poet, he was both an
+antiquarian and an architect, and neither in an inferior degree.[77] No
+man ever entertained more exalted notions of friendship, or was ever
+more sincere, steady, warm, and disinterested, in all his attachments.
+Every inch of his heart was let out in lodgings for his friends." Lord
+Orrery thus speaks of him:--"His prose writings are little less
+harmonious than his verse; and his voice, in common conversation, was so
+naturally musical, that I remember honest Tom Southern used to call him
+the Little Nightingale; his manners were delicate, easy, and engaging;
+he treated his friends with a politeness that charmed, and a generosity
+that was much to his honour. Every guest was made happy within his
+doors; pleasure dwelt under his roof, and elegance presided at his
+table." One may trace Mr. Pope's hospitality throughout his letters. I
+will merely select one or two instances. In a letter to _Swift_, he
+says, "My house is too large; my gardens furnish too much wood and
+provision for _my_ use. My servants are sensible and tender of me. They
+have intermarried, and are become rather low friends than servants.
+Would to God you would come over with Lord Orrery, whose care of you in
+the voyage I could so certainly depend on; and bring with you your old
+housekeeper, and two or three servants. I have room for all, a heart for
+all, and (think what you will) a fortune for all." In another letter to
+Swift, he says, "I wish you had any motive to see this kingdom. I could
+keep you; for I am rich, that is, I have more than I want. I can afford
+room for yourself and two servants. I have, indeed, room enough, nothing
+but myself at home: the kind and hearty housewife is dead! the agreeable
+and instructive neighbour is gone! yet my house is enlarged, and the
+gardens extend and flourish, as knowing nothing of the guests they have
+lost. I have more fruit trees and kitchen garden than you have any
+thought of; nay, I have good melons and pineapples of my own growth." In
+a letter to _Mr. Allen_, he says, "Let me know your day for coming, and
+I will have every room in my house as warm for you as the owner always
+would be." Mr. Mathias, in his Pursuits of Literature, (besides
+expatiating with fond delight, in numerous pages, on the genius of
+Pope,) thus speaks of him:--"Familiar with the great, intimate with the
+polite, graced by the attentions of the fair, admired by the learned, a
+favourite with the nation, independent in an acquired opulence, the
+honourable product of his genius, and of his industry; the companion of
+persons distinguished for their virtue, birth, high fashion, rank, or
+wit, and resident in the centre of all public information and
+intelligence; every avenue to knowledge, and every mode of observation
+were open to his curious, prying, piercing, and unwearied
+intellect."[78]
+
+One may with truth further apply to Mr. Pope what was said of Buchanan,
+that his mind was stored with all the fire, and all the graces of
+ancient literature. Mr. Pope's attachment to _gardens_, appears not only
+in his letter to Martha Blount, describing Sir W. Raleigh's seat--but in
+his own garden at Twickenham, (where, as Mr. Loudon feelingly observes,
+_only the soil of which now remains_)--and in his letter to Mr. Blount,
+describing his grotto--but it also bursts forth in many passages
+throughout his works--and in his celebrated _Guardian_ (No. 173), which
+attacks, with the keenest wit, "our study to recede from nature," in our
+giants made out of yews, and lavender pigs with sage growing in their
+bellies. His epistle to Lord Burlington confirms the charms he felt in
+studying nature. Mr. Mason, in a note to his English Garden, says, "I
+had before called Bacon the prophet, and Milton, the herald of true
+taste in gardening. The former, because, in developing the constituent
+properties of a princely garden, he had largely expatiated upon that
+adorned natural wildness which we now deem the essence of the art. The
+latter, on account of his having made this natural wildness the leading
+idea in his exquisite description of Paradise. I here call Addison,
+_Pope_, Kent, &c. the champions of this true taste." As Mr. Mason has
+added an _&c._, may we not add to these respected names, that of honest
+old Bridgman? It was the determination of Lord Byron (had his life been
+longer spared), to have erected, at his own expence, a monument to
+Pope.[79] We can gather even from his rapid and hurried "Letter on the
+Rev. W. L. Bowles's Strictures," his attachment to the high name of
+Pope:--"If Lucretius had not been spoiled by the Epicurean system, we
+should have had a far superior poem to any now in existence. As mere
+poetry, it is the first of Latin poems. What then has ruined it? His
+ethics. Pope has not this defect; his moral is as pure as his poetry is
+glorious."--"Pope's charities were his own, and they were noble and
+extensive, far beyond his fortune's warrant."--"I have loved and
+honoured the fame and name of that illustrious and unrivalled man, far
+more than my own paltry renown, and the trashy jingle of the crowd of
+schools and upstarts, who pretend to rival, or even surpass him. Sooner
+than a single leaf should be torn from _his_ laurel, it were better that
+all which these men, and that I, as one of their set, have ever
+written, should
+
+   Line trunks, clothe spice, or, fluttering in a row,
+   Befringe the rails of Bedlam, or Soho."
+
+"The most _perfect_ of our poets, and the purest of our moralists."--"He
+is the _moral_ poet of all civilization; and, as such, let us hope that
+he will one day be the national poet of mankind. He is the only poet
+that never shocks; the only poet whose _faultlessness_ has been made his
+reproach. Cast your eye over his productions; consider their extent, and
+contemplate their variety:--pastoral, passion, mock-heroic, translation,
+satire, ethics,--all excellent, and often perfect. If his great charm be
+his _melody_, how comes it that foreigners adore him even in their
+diluted translations?"[80]
+
+Mr. Mason has also farther recorded the resplendent fame of this
+celebrated man; for in his _Musaeus_, a monody to the memory of Pope, he
+invokes the shades of Chaucer, Spencer, and Milton, to do homage to his
+departing spirit:--
+
+                 ----to cheer thee at this rueful time
+   While black death doth on thy heart-strings prey.
+   So may we greet thee with a nobler strain,
+   When soon we meet for aye in yon star-sprinkled plain.
+
+Milton thus begins _his_ homage:--
+
+   Thrice hail, thou heaven-taught warbler, last and best
+   Of all the train! Poet, in whom conjoin'd
+   All that to ear, or heart, or head, could yield
+   Rapture; harmonious, manly, clear, sublime!
+   Accept this gratulation: may it cheer
+   Thy sinking soul; or these corporeal ills
+   Ought daunt thee, nor appal. Know, in high heav'n
+   Fame blooms eternal on that spirit divine,
+   Who builds immortal verse."[81]
+
+Sir E. Brydges, in his "Letters on the Genius of Lord Byron," thus
+characterizes the grace and sweetness of his pathetic powers, in his
+_Eloisa_:--"When either his passions or imaginations _were_ roused, they
+were deep, strong, and splendid. Notwithstanding _Eloisa_ was an
+historical subject, his invention of circumstances of detail, his
+imagery, the changes and turns of passion, the brilliancy of hues thrown
+upon the whole, the eloquence, the tenderness, the fire, the inimitable
+grace and felicity of language, were all the fruits of creative genius.
+This poem stands alone in its kind; never anticipated, and never likely
+to be approached hereafter."
+
+Young uttered this sublime apostrophe when the death of Pope was first
+announced to him:--
+
+   _Thou, who couldst make immortals_, art thou dead?
+
+Of his _Essay on Man_, the Nouveau Dict. Hist. Portatif thus
+speaks:--"Une metaphysique lumineuse, ornee des charmes de la poesie,
+une morale touchante, dont les lecons penetrent le coeur et
+convainquent l'esprit, des peintures vives, ou l'homme apprend a se
+connoitre, pour apprendre a deviner meilleur; tels sont les principaux
+caracteres qui distinguent le poeme Anglois. Son imagination est
+egalement sage et feconde, elle prodigue les pensees neunes, et donne le
+piquant de la nouveante, aux pensees anciennes; il embelloit les
+matieres les plus seches, par la coloris d'une elocution noble, facile,
+energeque, variee avec un art infini."
+
+In the gardens of Stowe is the following inscription to
+
+                       ALEXANDER POPE,
+           Who, uniting the correctness of judgment
+                    To the fire of genius,
+           By the melody and power of his numbers,
+        Gave sweetness to sense, and grace to philosophy.
+          He employed the pointed brilliancy of his wit
+                    To chastise the vices,
+                 And the eloquence of poetry
+             To exalt the virtues of human nature;
+           And, being without a rival in his own age,
+   Imitated and translated with a spirit equal to the originals,
+                   The best Poets of antiquity.
+
+
+WILLIAM KENT, whose portrait appears in Mr. Dallaway's rich edition of
+the Anecdotes of Painting. Kent, with Bridgman, Pope, and Addison, have
+been termed the fathers of landscape gardening.[82] Mr. Walpole, after
+reviewing the old formal style of our gardens, in language which it is
+painful to me thus only to advert to, instead of copying at length, (for
+I am fully "aware of the mischiefs which generally ensue in _meddling_
+with the productions of genius"); and after stating that when _nature_
+was taken into the plan, every step pointed out new beauties, and
+inspired new ideas: "at that moment appeared Kent, painter enough to
+taste the charms of landscape, bold and opiniative enough to dare and to
+dictate, and born with a genius to strike out a great system from the
+twilight of imperfect essays. He leaped the fence, and saw that all
+nature was a garden. Thus the pencil of his imagination bestowed all the
+arts of landscape on the scenes he handled. But of all the beauties he
+added to the face of this beautiful country, none surpassed his
+management of water. Thus, dealing in none but the colours of nature,
+and catching its most favourable features, men saw a new creation
+opening before their eyes." And again he calls him "the inventor of an
+art that realizes painting, and improves nature: Mahomet imagined an
+elysium, but Kent created many." The greatest of all authorities tells
+us, that in Esher's peaceful grove, both
+
+   Kent and Nature vied for Pelham's love.
+
+Mr. Mason, in his English Garden, thus panegyrises his elysian scenes:--
+
+                       ---- Kent, who felt
+   The pencil's power; but fix'd by higher hopes
+   Of beauty than that pencil knew to paint,
+   Work'd with the living lives that _nature_ lent,
+   And realized his landscapes.
+
+Mr. Pope, as well as Kent, would, and Mr. Walpole, and Mr. Mason, must
+each of them have read with high approbation the following remark of the
+late Sir Uvedale Price:--"the noble and varied works of the eminent
+painters of every age and every country, and those of their supreme
+mistress, Nature, should be the great models of imitation."
+
+Mr. Whateley paints in glowing language, the genius of Kent, both at
+Stowe, and at Claremont. Mr. George Mason thus honestly and finely
+pleads for him:--"According to my own ideas, all that has since been
+done by the most deservedly admired designers, as Southcote, Hamilton,
+Lyttleton, Pitt, Shenstone, Morris, for themselves, and by Wright for
+others, all that has been written on the subject, even the gardening
+didactic poem, and the didactic essay on the picturesque, have proceeded
+from Kent. Had Kent never exterminated the bounds of regularity, never
+actually traversed the way to freedom of manner, would any of these
+celebrated artists have found it of themselves? Theoretic hints from the
+highest authorities, had evidently long existed without sufficient
+effect. And had not these great masters actually executed what Kent's
+example first inspired, them with, the design of executing, would the
+subsequent writers on gardening have been enabled to collect materials
+for precepts, or stores for their imaginations? Mr. Price acknowledges
+himself an admirer of the water-scene at Blenheim. Would it ever have
+appeared in its present shape, if no Kent had previously abolished the
+stiffness of canals! If this original artist had barely rescued the
+liquid element from the constraint of right lines and angles, that
+service alone would have given him an indubitable claim to the respect
+of posterity." The Rev. Mr. Coventry, in his admirable exposure of the
+grotesque absurdities in gardening, (being No. 15 of the World) thus
+speaks of Kent:--"The great Kent at length appeared in behalf of nature,
+declared war against the taste in fashion, and laid the axe to the root
+of artificial evergreens. Gardens were no longer filled with yews in the
+shape of giants, Noah's ark cut in holly, St. George and the Dragon in
+box, cypress lovers, laurustine bears, and all that race of root-born
+monsters which flourished so long, and looked so tremendous round the
+edges of every grass-plat. The great master above mentioned, truly the
+disciple of nature, imitated her in the agreeable wildness and beautiful
+irregularity of her plans, of which there are some noble examples still
+remaining, that abundantly show the power of his creative genius." Mr.
+Dallaway, when treating on architecture, in his Anecdotes of the Arts,
+says, "Kent designed the noble hall at Holkham, terminated by a vast
+staircase, producing, in the whole, an imposing effect of grandeur not
+to be equalled in England." Kent died in 1748. He was a contemporary
+therefore of Horace Walpole. He was buried in the vault at Chiswick,
+belonging to his friend and patron, Lord Burlington.
+
+
+BRIDGMAN'S portrait was a private plate. It exhibited a kind-hearted,
+hale old countenance. As he has the honour of being classed with Mr.
+_Addison_, and with _Pope_, and _Kent_, as one of the champions who
+established the picturesque scenery of landscape gardening, (which
+_Bacon_, and _Spencer_, and _Milton_, as hath been observed, foresaw)
+his portrait must surely be interesting. The engraved portrait which I
+saw of him more than fifty years ago, made then a strong impression on
+me. I think it was an etching. It marked a venerable healthy man. I
+neither recollect its painter nor engraver; and it is so scarce, that
+neither Mr. Smith, of Lisle Street, nor Mr. Evans, of Great Queen
+Street, the intelligent collectors and illustrators of Granger, have
+been able to obtain it. Perhaps it will be discovered that it was a
+private plate, done at the expence of his generous and noble employer,
+Lord Cobham. Of this once able and esteemed man, I can procure little
+information. The Encycl. of Gardening says, "Lord Cobham seems to have
+been occupied in re-modelling the grounds at _Stowe_, about the same
+time that Pope was laying out his gardens at Twickenham. His lordship
+began these improvements in 1714, _employing Bridgman_, whose plans and
+views for altering old Stowe from the most rigid character of the
+ancient style to a more open and irregular design, are still in
+existence. Kent was employed a few years afterwards, first to paint the
+hall, and afterwards in the double capacity of architect and
+landscape-gardener; and the finest scenes there are his creation." The
+finest views of Stowe gardens were drawn by Rigaud, and published by
+_Sarah Bridgman_, in 1739. The fine and magnificent amphitheatre at the
+Duke of Newcastle's, at Claremont, was designed, I believe, by Bridgman.
+When Queen Caroline added nearly three hundred acres from Hyde Park to
+the gardens at Kensington, they were laid out by him. He also laid out
+the gardens at Shardeloes, near Amersham. Mr. Walpole thus mentions
+Bridgman, after alluding to the shears having been applied to the lovely
+wildness of nature: "Improvements had gone on, till _London_ and _Wise_
+had stocked our gardens with giants, animals, monsters, coats of arms,
+and mottos, in yew, box and holly. Absurdity could go no farther, and
+the tide turned. _Bridgman_, the next fashionable designer of gardens,
+was far more chaste; and whether from good sense, or that the nation had
+been struck and reformed by the admirable paper in the Guardian, No.
+173, he banished verdant sculpture, and did not even revert to the
+square precision of the foregoing age. He enlarged his plans, disdained
+to make every division tally to its opposite; and though he still
+adhered much to straight walks with high clipped hedges, they were only
+his great lines, the rest he diversified by wilderness and with loose
+groves of oak, though still within surrounding hedges. I have observed
+in the garden at Gubbins, in Hertfordshire, many detached thoughts, that
+strongly indicate the dawn of modern taste. As his reformation gained
+footing, he ventured farther, and in the royal garden at Richmond, dared
+to introduce cultivated fields, and even morsels of a forest appearance,
+by the sides of those endless and tiresome walks that stretched out of
+one into another without intermission. But this was not till other
+innovators had broke loose too from rigid symmetry. But the capital
+stroke, the leading step to all that has followed, was (_I believe the
+first thought was Bridgman's_) the destruction of walls for boundaries,
+and the invention of fosses,--an attempt then deemed so astonishing,
+that the common people called them ha! ha's! to express their surprise
+at finding a sudden and unperceived check to their walk.[83] One of the
+first gardens planted in this simple though still formal style, was my
+father's at Houghton. It was laid out by Mr. Eyre, an imitator of
+Bridgman."
+
+
+PHILIP MILLER died at the age of eighty, and was emphatically styled by
+foreigners _hortulanorum princeps_. Switzer bears testimony to his
+"usual generosity, openness and freedom." Professor Martyn says, "he
+accumulated no wealth from his respectable connection with the great, or
+from the numerous editions of his works. He was of a disposition too
+generous, and too careless of money, to become rich, and in all his
+transactions observed more attention to integrity and honest fame, than
+to any pecuniary advantages." There is a finely engraved portrait of Mr.
+Miller, by Maillet, prefixed to the "Dictionnaire des Jardiniers, de
+Philipe Miller, traduit de l'Anglois," en 8 tom. 4to. Paris, 1785.
+
+Dr. Pulteney says of him, "He raised himself by his merit from a state
+of obscurity to a degree of eminence, but rarely, if ever before,
+equalled in the character of a gardener." Mr. Loudon (in that "varied
+and voluminous mass of knowledge," his Encyclopaedia), thus
+remarks:--"Miller, during his long career, had no considerable
+competitor, until he approached the end of it, when several writers took
+the advantage of his unwearied labours of near half a century, and fixed
+themselves upon him, as various marine insects do upon a decaying
+shell-fish. I except Hitt and Justice, who are both originals, as is
+also Hill, after his fashion, but his gardening is not much founded in
+experience." The sister of Mr. Miller married Ehret, whose fine taste
+and botanical accuracy, and whose splendid drawings of plants, are the
+finest ornaments of a botanical library.
+
+Mr. Miller fixed his residence adjoining that part of Chelsea
+church-yard where he lies interred. He died December 18, 1771. Mr.
+Johnson gives a list of his writings, and of the different editions of
+his celebrated Dictionary, which he terms "this great record of our
+art." He farther does full justice to him, by associating his name, at
+p. 147 and p. 151, with that of "the immortal Swede, whose master mind
+reduced the confusion and discord of botany to harmony." He calls Miller
+"the perfect botanist and horticulturist."[84] The following spirited
+tribute to Mr. Miller, appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for June,
+1828:--
+
+   "_Chelsea, June 5._
+
+"MR. URBAN,--In the first volume, page 250, of the second edition of
+_Faulkner's History of Chelsea_, just published, which contains a very
+copious fund of historical, antiquarian, and biographical information, I
+find inserted the monument and epitaph of Philip Miller, who was so
+justly styled 'the prince of horticulture' by contemporary botanists,
+and whose well-earned fame will last as long as the sciences of botany
+and horticulture shall endure. The epitaph of this distinguished man is
+correctly given; but the historian appears not to have duly appreciated,
+if he was even aware of, the circumstances which induced the Fellows of
+the Linnaean and Horticultural Societies of London to erect this grateful
+tribute of respectful esteem to him, who in his life-time, had done more
+than any individual, ancient or modern, towards enlarging the boundaries
+of the science of horticulture, and very extensively the far more
+difficult one of botany likewise. These he accomplished in the numerous
+editions of his unrivalled Dictionary, and in his elaborate
+introductions to botanical knowledge.
+
+"The reasons which induced the above-mentioned societies to erect the
+monument in question, were, chiefly, because neither monument, nor tomb,
+nor even any recording public notice whatever (the 'monumentum aere
+perennius' of his own immortal works excepted) had previously been
+provided by any one.
+
+"The relatives of Miller were very few; he had no family, save two sons,
+one of whom died early, and the other, Charles Miller, at the age of 78,
+who spent the greater part of his long life in India, and returned not
+until after his father's funeral; and over his grave, in the old
+church-yard of Chelsea, a stone and sculptured brass record his name and
+age and parentage, together with that of his aged and more distinguished
+sire. This stone, too, was placed by the above-mentioned public-spirited
+societies, (unto both which the writer has the honour to belong) at the
+same time as the monument, stated by Faulkner, to the never-dying fame
+of the father.
+
+"But it is even now scarcely known, that when those meritorious
+testimonials of public gratitude were showered over the memory of Philip
+Miller, who had laboured so long and so successfully in the sciences
+which he loved, there was only one individual in existence, and that a
+very aged person, who had seen and attended the funeral of Miller, and
+who alone could point out the very spot where the 'Prince of
+Horticulture' was inhumed. This venerable person's name was Goodyer; he
+was the parish clerk of Chelsea church for half a century, and died as
+such in 1818, at the great age of ninety-four.
+
+"Nevertheless, though last, it should not be concealed that I myself had
+actually stated and published, in the winter of 1794-5, the neglectful
+and opprobrious fact of Miller's having no single grave-stone, much less
+a monument, nor even one funeral line, to designate the spot where
+rested in its 'narrow house' the mortal relics of so great a man; see my
+Observations on the Genus Mesembryanthemum, p. 311-14; and, as every
+reader may not possess that publication, the following extract from it
+is added:--
+
+"'So much for Miller; he, alas! who pleased so well, or, rather let me
+say, he who instructed and edified so much, and was even caressed by the
+great while living, now lies, forgotten by his friends, inhumed amongst
+the common undistinguished dead, in the bleak cold yard of Chelsea
+church, the very theatre of his best actions, the physic gardens of the
+Worshipful Company of Apothecaries, at Chelsea, not half a mile distant,
+without a tomb! without a stone! nay, destitute of a single line to mark
+the spot where rests, retired from all its cares and useful toils, the
+time-worn frame of the 'Prince of Horticulture!' How are those
+discerning foreigners, who so meritoriously rendered the language of his
+Dictionary into their own, to judge of this? by what measure are they to
+estimate the fact? Miller was the author of several publications,
+besides the very numerous editions of his Dictionary and Kalendar.'
+
+   Yours, &c.
+
+   "A. H. HAWORTH."
+
+
+SIR JOHN HILL. His works are many of them enumerated in the Encyclo. of
+Gardening. The most full list is in Weston's Catalogue. His portrait is
+engraved in metz by Houston, from after Coates. It is an oval, with a
+_solitaire_. A short account of his life and writings was published at
+Edinburgh in 1779. The most general account of him is in Hutchinson's
+Biog. Medica. 2 vols. 8vo. See also the Biog. Dramatica, 2nd edit.
+1782.
+
+
+BATTY LANGLEY was born at Twickenham, where he resided. He was the
+author of,
+
+1. Practical Geometry, 1726.
+
+2. New Principles of Gardening, or the laying out and planting
+parterres, groves, wildernesses, labyrinths, avenues, parks, &c. cuts,
+1728, 4to.
+
+3. The sure Method of Improving Estates by Trees, 8vo. One of his
+chapters is "On the magnitude and prodigious Growth of Trees."
+
+4. Pomona, or the Fruit Gardener, _with plates_, fol. 1729. At the end
+is a letter to Mr. Langley, on Cyder, from Hugh Stafford, Esq. of Pynes.
+
+There is a 4to. metz portrait of Mr. Langley, with the name of
+Carwirtham, as the engraver or print-seller, 1741.
+
+
+SIR WILLIAM WATSON, an eminent physician, who died in 1787, wrote
+
+1. On the Culture of Mushrooms. In vol. 42 and 43 of the Phil. Trans.
+
+2. Account of the Remains of Tradescant's Garden. In vol. 46 of the
+Phil. Trans.
+
+3. Account of the Bishop of London's Garden, at Fulham. In vol. 47 of
+the Phil. Trans. besides many valuable papers in several volumes of
+these Transactions.
+
+He had the pleasure of introducing _Kalm_, as well as _Pallas_, to most
+of the curious gardens in the environs of London. On the first
+establishment of the British Museum, he was most active in furnishing
+its garden, with no fewer than six hundred plants. His house (as Dr.
+Pulteney observes) "became the resort of the most ingenious and
+illustrious experimental philosophers that England could boast." Dr.
+Pulteney has closed a very liberal memoir of him, by inserting Dr.
+Garthshore's testimony to the humane feeling, the social politeness, and
+benignity of Sir William. His portrait is painted by Abbot, and engraved
+by Ryder, 1791. There is a full account of him in Chalmers.
+
+
+The Rev. WILLIAM HANBURY, the intimate friend of Churchill, and of
+Lloyd, in his singular "History of the Charitable Foundations at Church
+Langton," (and which exhibits his own benevolent heart, and great love
+for planting and gardening) mentions, at page 185, a full-length
+portrait of himself, by Penny. Had there been any other portrait of him,
+it is likely Mr. Nicholls would have mentioned it in his Leicestershire,
+for that gentleman, as well as Joseph Cradock, Esq. (both of whom are
+lately deceased), would have been most likely to have known, if any
+other portrait of this zealous planter did exist; so would Dr. Thomas
+Warton, who always spoke of Mr. Hanbury as a generous, disinterested,
+and benevolent man. Earlom engraved, in 1775, a three-quarter
+metzotinto, from the above portrait by Penny. Mr. Hanbury also published
+"A Complete Body of Planting and Gardening;" 2 vols. folio. Also, "An
+Essay on Planting, and a Scheme to make it conducive to the Glory of
+God, and the Advantage of Society;" Oxford, 8vo. 1s. 1758. And "The
+Gardener's New Calendar;" 8vo. 1758.
+
+Mr. Hanbury first conceived, in 1751, the establishing at Church
+Langton, for benevolent purposes, his immense plantations; having
+procured (particularly from North America) "almost every sort of seed
+that could be procured." He proposed that an annual sermon should be
+preached, either in praise of church music, the duty of decorating
+religious houses, charity in general, or the wonders of the creation;
+and that a hospital should be founded for the relief of the really
+distressed. All these extensive plans were frustrated. Even when his
+first twenty thousand trees had just been planted out, the cattle
+belonging to the tenants of Mrs. Dorothy Pickering, and Frances Byrd,
+(who a few years after died worth two hundred thousand pounds, and whose
+village biography is curiously dispersed throughout the above history)
+were _purposely_ turned amongst the young trees, and in a little time
+destroyed them all. "Neither was this all; I was served for a trespass
+with twenty-seven different copies of writs in one day (by their
+attorney, Valentine Price, of Leicester); to such a degree of rage and
+fury were these old gentlewomen raised, at what one should have thought
+every heart would have rejoiced, and kindly lent an assisting hand." Mr.
+Hanbury gives many instances of the "venomous rage and passion" of these
+two old women. They had, says he, "the mortification to find themselves
+totally despised. Not a gentleman or lady would go near them, two
+neighbouring clergymen excepted, who were invited to dine with them upon
+venison." They attempted making a tool of the sow-gelder's son, to
+enable them to carry on their mean plans, and sent him word, that
+nothing they could do for him in the parish should be wanting. His
+answer was, "that favours granted from such people, on such terms, could
+never prosper, and he desired the other to tell them, they were _two old
+bitches_."--"This summer, (says Mr. Hanbury,) was murdered, in the most
+barbarous manner, the best spaniel that perhaps ever entered the field,
+and the best greyhound that ever run. With these I had been often
+entertained in my morning walks. To deprive me of these pleasures,
+afforded me in my morning recreations, I had discharges from Mrs.
+Pickering, and Mrs. Byrd, for taking them with me in their manors. To
+these I paid no regard, and as they never brought any action on that
+account, it may be supposed they could find no just cause to ground one.
+What then is to be done? Some method is to be contrived to deprive me of
+my attendants; the spaniel therefore was the first object destined for
+destruction. He was small, and of a beautiful black, and had been used
+to the parlour; and being absent about an hour, came reeling home in the
+agonies of death; and in about a quarter of an hour after, died in the
+seemingly most excruciating tortures. Suspecting some villany, I ordered
+him to be opened, but found everything perfect and entire; I then
+directed him to be skinned, and coming to the loins, found the traces of
+a table-fork, which was stuck into the kidneys, and which was the
+occasion of his speedy and dreadful death. A few days after this, my
+best greyhound was stuck in the loins, in the like barbarous manner,
+which brought on the same kind of speedy and agonizing death; and this
+was the catastrophe of these two noted dogs, which had been much talked
+of, and were famous amongst sportsmen, as being most perfect in their
+kind. Some time after this, their game-keeper, in company with his
+nephew, _buried two dogs alive_; they were the property of Mr. Wade, a
+substantial grazier, who had grounds contiguous to a place of cover,
+called Langton Caudle, where was often game; and where the unfortunate
+two dogs, straying from their master, had been used to hunt. The
+game-keeper and his nephew being shooting in this place, the dogs, upon
+the report of the gun, made towards them. Their shooting them or hanging
+them would have been merciful, but they buried them alive; and what
+words can express the abhorrence of such barbarity to such innocent
+creatures following the dictates of nature? To prevent a possibility of
+their scratching a way out, they covered them down with black thorns;
+over these they laid a sufficient quantity of earth and one large stone,
+which the rammed down with their heels. Day after day the dogs were
+heard in this place, with the howling, barking noise of dogs that were
+lost. Some people resorted to find them out, and wondered it was to no
+purpose, for nobody could suspect the dogs were under ground; and thus
+after calling and whistling them, and seeking them for some time,
+returned, amazed that lost dogs should continue so long in that place;
+but a sight of none could ever be had. The noise was fancied to come
+sometimes from one quarter, sometimes from another; and when they came
+near the place they were in, they ceased howling, expecting their
+deliverance was at hand. I myself heard them _ten days_ after they had
+been buried; and seeing some people at a distance, enquired what dogs
+they were. _They are some dogs that are lost, Sir_, said they; _they
+have been lost some time_. I concluded only some poachers had been there
+early in the morning, and by a precipitate flight had left their dogs
+behind them. In short, the howling and barking of these dogs was heard
+for near three weeks, when it ceased. Mr. Wade's dogs were missing, but
+he could not suspect those to be his; and the noise ceasing, the
+thoughts, wonder, and talking about them, soon also ceased. Some time
+after, a person being amongst the bushes where the howling was heard,
+discovered some disturbed earth, and the print of men's heels ramming it
+down again very close; and seeing Mr. Wade's servant, told him, he
+thought something had been buried there. _Then_, said the man, _it is
+our dogs, and they have been buried alive: I will go and fetch a spade,
+and will find them, if I dig all Caudle over_. He soon brought a spade,
+and upon removing the top earth, came to the blackthorns, and then to
+the dogs, the biggest of which had eat the loins and greatest share of
+the hind parts of the little one." Mr. Hanbury states the deaths of
+these two sisters in the course of a few months after. The sums they
+accumulated by their penurious way of living, were immense. They
+bequeathed legacies by will to almost every body that were no kin to
+them except their assiduous attorney, Valentine Price, to whom they left
+nothing. "But what is strange and wonderful, though their charities in
+their life-time at Langton were a sixpenny loaf a week only, which was
+divided into as many parts as there were petitioners, and distributed by
+eleven of the clock on a Sunday, unless they left the town the day
+before, which was often the case, and when the poor were sure to fail of
+their bounty; these gentlewomen, at the death of the last, bequeathed by
+will upwards of twelve thousand pounds to the different hospitals and
+religious institutions in the kingdom. A blaze of goodness issued from
+them at last, and thus ended these two poor, unhappy, uncharitable,
+charitable old gentlewomen."
+
+Mr. Marshall calls him, "the indefatigable Hanbury, whose immense
+labours are in a manner lost to the public." No man delighted more than
+Mr. Hanbury did, in describing the beauty of trees and shrubs: this is
+visible in the extracts which Mr. Marshall has made in his "Planting and
+Rural Ornament."
+
+
+WILLIAM SHENSTONE, Esq., justly celebrated for his pure and classic
+taste in landscape gardening. His tender and pathetic feelings shine
+throughout most of his works; and the sweetness and simplicity of his
+temper and manners, endeared him to the neighbourhood and to his
+acquaintance. Dr. Johnson says, his life was unstained by any crime. He
+farther says of him, "He began from this time to entangle his walks, and
+to wind his waters; which he did with such judgment and such fancy, as
+made his little domain the envy of the great and the admiration of the
+skilful. His house was mean, and he did not improve it; his care was of
+his grounds. When he came home from his walks, he might find his floor
+flooded by a shower through the broken roof; but could spare no money
+for its reparation. In time his expences brought clamours about him,
+that overpowered the lamb's bleat and the linnet's song; and his groves
+were haunted by beings very different from fawns and fairies. He spent
+his estate in adorning it, and his death was probably hastened by his
+anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing. It is said, that
+if he had lived a little longer he would have been assisted by a
+pension: such bounty could not have been ever more properly bestowed;
+but that it was ever asked is not certain; it is too certain that it
+never was enjoyed."
+
+His intimate friend, Robert Dodsley, thus speaks of him: "Tenderness,
+indeed, in every sense of the word, was his peculiar characteristic; his
+friends, his domestics, his poor neighbours, all daily experienced his
+benevolent turn of mind. He was no economist; the generosity of his
+temper prevented him from paying a proper regard to the use of money: he
+exceeded, therefore, the bounds of his paternal fortune, which before he
+died was considerably incumbered. But when one recollects the perfect
+paradise he had raised around him, the hospitality with which he lived,
+his great indulgence to his servants, his charities to the indigent, and
+all done with an estate not more than three hundred pounds a year, one
+should rather be led to wonder that he left any thing behind him, than
+to blame his want of economy. He left, however, more than sufficient to
+pay all his debts; and, by his will, appropriated his whole estate for
+that purpose."
+
+His portrait is prefixed to his works, published in 3 vols. 8vo. 1764.
+His second volume contains his "Unconnected Thoughts on Landscape
+Gardening;" and the description of the celebrated _Leasowes_, in that
+volume, was written by ("the modest, sensible, and humane") Robert
+Dodsley. His Epistolary Correspondence appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. The
+title pages of the above first three volumes are attractive from their
+vignette, or rural embellishments. A portrait of Shenstone was taken in
+1758, by Ross, which Hall engraved for Dodsley, in 1780; and this
+picture by Ross was in the possession of the late most worthy Dr.
+Graves, of Claverton, who died a few years ago, at the advanced age of
+ninety. Bell's edition of the Poets has a neat copy of this portrait.
+Dr. Graves wrote "Recollections of the late William Shenstone." He also
+dedicated an urn to him, and inscribed these lines thereon:--
+
+   Stranger! if woods and lawns like these,
+   If rural scenes thy fancy please,
+   Ah! stop awhile, and pensive view
+   Poor Shenstone's urn: who oft, like you,
+   These woods and lawns well-pleased has rov'd,
+   And oft these rural scenes approv'd.
+   Like him, be thou fair virtue's friend,
+   And health and peace thy steps attend.
+
+Mr. Shenstone died in 1763, and is buried in Hales Owen church yard. An
+urn is placed in the church to his memory, thus inscribed:--
+
+   Whoe'er thou art, with reverence tread
+   These sacred mansions of the dead.--
+   Not that the monumental bust
+   Or sumptuous tomb HERE guards the dust
+   Of rich or great: (Let wealth, rank, birth,
+   Sleep undistinguish'd in the earth;)
+   This simple urn records a name
+   That shines with more exalted fame.
+     Reader! if genius, taste refined,
+   A native elegance of mind;
+   If virtue, science, manly sense;
+   If wit, that never gave offence;
+   The clearest head, the tenderest heart,
+   In thy esteem e'er claim'd a part;
+   Ah! smite thy breast, and drop a tear,
+   For, know, THY Shenstone's dust lies here.
+
+Mr. Mason thus speaks of Shenstone:
+
+                          ----"Nor thou
+   Shalt pass without thy meed, thou son of peace,
+   Who knew'st perchance to harmonize thy shades
+   Still softer than thy song; yet was that song
+   Nor rude nor unharmonious, when attuned
+   To pastoral plaint, or tales of slighted love."
+
+And Mr. Whateley pays his memory the following tribute, previous to his
+masterly survey of his far-famed and enchanting seat: "An allusion to
+the ideas of pastoral poetry evidently enters into the design of the
+Leasowes, where they appear so lovely as to endear the memory of their
+author, and justify the reputation of Mr. Shenstone, who inhabited, made
+and directed that celebrated place. It is a perfect picture of his mind,
+simple, elegant, and amiable, and will always suggest a doubt whether
+the spot inspired his verses, or whether, in the scenes which he formed,
+he only realized the pastoral images which abound in his songs."[85]
+George Mason, in many pages, pays high compliments to Shenstone's taste:
+"Paine's Hill has every mark of creative genius, and Hagley of
+correctest fancy; but the most intimate _alliance with nature_ was
+formed by Shenstone." Mr. Marshall, in his "Planting and Rural
+Ornament," has some critical remarks on the _Leasowes_, the expences in
+perfecting which threw Shenstone "on the rack of poverty, and probably
+hastened the dissolution of an amiable and valuable man." He says that
+_Enville_ was originally designed by Shenstone, and that the cascade
+and chapel were spoken of, with confidence, as his.[86]
+
+
+LORD KAMES. His portrait is prefixed to the memoirs of him, by Lord
+Woodhouselee, in 2 vols. 4to. 1807. There is an edition of the same
+work, in 3 vols. 8vo. 1814, with the same portrait, which is engraved
+from a drawing by D. Martin. His "Gentleman Farmer" spread his fame
+through Scotland. Its preface is particularly interesting. Mr. Smellie,
+in his Literary Lives of Gregory, Home, Hume, Adam Smith, and Lord
+Kames, after giving many interesting particulars of the latter, and
+after noticing his benevolence to the poor, during the whole course of
+his long life, proceeds:--"One great feature in the character of Lord
+Kames, besides his literary talents, and his public spirit, was a
+remarkable innocency of mind. He not only never indulged in detraction,
+but when any species of scandal was exhibited in his company, he either
+remained silent, or endeavoured to give a turn to the conversation. As
+natural consequences of this amiable disposition, he never meddled with
+politics, even when politics ran to indecent lengths in this country;
+and what is still more remarkable, he never wrote a sentence,
+notwithstanding his numerous publications, without a direct and a
+manifest intention to benefit his fellow creatures. In his temper he was
+naturally warm, though kindly and affectionate. In the friendships he
+formed, he was ardent, zealous and sincere. So far from being inclined
+to irreligion, as some ignorant bigots insinuated, few men possessed a
+more devout habit of thought. A constant sense of Deity, and a
+veneration for Providence, dwelt upon his mind. From this source arose
+that propensity, which appears in all his writings, of investigating
+final causes, and tracing the wisdom of the Supreme Author of Nature."
+He had the honour to be highly esteemed by the celebrated Mrs. Montagu.
+
+The European Magazine of Nov. 1790, which gives an engraved portrait of
+him, being a copy of the above, thus speaks: "He was one of the very
+first who to great legal knowledge, added a considerable share of polite
+literature. He arrived at the highest rank to which a lawyer could
+attain in his own country; and he has left to the world such literary
+productions, as will authorize his friends to place him, if not in the
+highest, yet much above the lowest, class of elegant and polite writers.
+He died in 1783, leaving to the world a proof, that an attention to the
+abstrusest branches of learning, is not incompatible with the more
+pleasing pursuits of taste and polite literature." He was kind-hearted
+and humane. His pure taste in landscape scenery, is acknowledged by Mr.
+Loudon, in p. 81 of the Encyclopaedia of Gardening. _Blair Drummond_ will
+long be celebrated as having been his residence, and he there displayed
+his superior taste in planting and improving.
+
+In his "Elements of Criticism," (a truly original work) there is a
+distinct chapter on architecture and gardening. He therein thus
+addresses the reader:--"These cursory observations upon gardening, shall
+be closed with some reflections that must touch every reader. Rough
+uncultivated ground, dismal to the eye, inspires peevishness and
+discontent: may not this be one cause of the harsh manners of savages? A
+field richly ornamented, containing beautiful objects of various kinds,
+displays in full lustre the goodness of the Deity, and the ample
+provision he has made for our happiness. Ought not the spectator to be
+filled with gratitude to his Maker, and with benevolence to his fellow
+creatures? Other fine arts may be perverted to excite irregular and even
+vicious emotions; but gardening, which inspires the purest and most
+refined pleasures, cannot fail to promote every good affection. The
+gaiety and harmony of mind it produceth, inclineth the spectator to
+communicate his satisfaction to others, and to make them happy as he is
+himself, and tends naturally to establish in him a habit of humanity and
+benevolence."
+
+
+JOHN ABERCROMBIE'S manly and expressive countenance is best given in the
+portrait prefixed to an edition in 2 vols. 8vo. published Feb. 1, 1783,
+by Fielding and Debrett. He is also drawn at full-length at his age of
+seventy-two, in the sixteenth edition, printed in 1800, with a pleasing
+view of a garden in the back-ground, neatly engraved. This honest,
+unassuming man, persevered "through a long life of scarcely interrupted
+health," in the ardent pursuit of his favourite science. The tenor of
+his life exemplified how much a garden calms the mind, and tranquilly
+sets at rest its turbulent passions. Mr. Loudon's Encyclop. of
+Gardening, after giving some interesting points of his history, thus
+concludes: "In the spring of 1806, being in his eightieth year, he met
+with a severe fall, by which he broke the upper part of his thigh bone.
+This accident, which happened to him on the 15th of April, terminated in
+his death. After lying in a very weak exhausted state, without much
+pain, he expired in the night, between April and May, as St. Paul's
+church struck twelve. He was lamented by all who knew him, as cheerful,
+harmless, and upright." One of his biographers thus relates of him:
+"Abercrombie from a fall down stairs in the dark, died at the age of
+eighty, and was buried at St. Pancras. He was present at the famous
+battle of Preston Pans, which was fought close to his father's garden
+walls. For the last twenty years of his life he lived chiefly on tea,
+using it three times a-day: his pipe was his first companion in the
+morning, and last at night.[87] He never remembered to have taken a dose
+of physic in his life, prior to his last fatal accident, nor of having a
+day's illness but once." A list of his works appears in Watts's Bibl.
+Brit., and a most full one in Johnson's History of English Gardening,
+who, with many collected particulars of Abercrombie, relates the great
+and continually increasing sale of some of his works.
+
+
+LAUNCELOT BROWNE, Esq.
+His portrait was painted by Dance, and engraved by Sherwin. Under this
+portrait are engraved the following lines, from the pen of Mr. Mason,
+which are also inscribed on the tomb of Mr. Browne, in the church of
+Fen-Staunton, Huntingdonshire:
+
+   _Ye sons of elegance, who truly taste
+     The simple charms which genuine art supplies,
+   Come from the sylvan scenes his genius drew,
+     And offer here your tributary sighs.
+   But know, that more than genius slumbers here,
+     Virtues were his that art's best powers transcend,
+   Come, ye superior train! who these revere,
+     And weep the christian, husband, father, friend._
+
+Mr. Walpole, too, pays Mr. Browne this elegant compliment: "Did living
+artists come within my plan, I should be glad to do justice to Mr.
+Browne; but he may be a gainer by being reserved for some abler pen."
+This celebrated landscape gardener died suddenly, in Hertford Street,
+May Fair, on the 6th of February, 1783, on his return from a visit to
+his old friend the Earl of Coventry. Mr. Browne, though bred a common
+gardener at Stowe, possessed a cultivated mind, and his society was much
+courted. Joseph Cradock, Esq. called him "a most agreeable, unassuming
+man." He amassed a large fortune. He was consulted by most of the
+nobility and gentry, and the places he laid out or altered, were, as Mr.
+Loudon observes, beyond all reckoning. Mr. Repton has given a list of
+his principal works.
+
+It has been the fate of this eminent master of landscape embellishment,
+to be severely censured by some, and lavishly praised by others. The
+late keen and consummate observer of landscape scenery, Sir Uvedale
+Price, harshly condemns the too frequent cold monotony and tameness of
+many of Mr. Browne's creations, and his never transfusing into his works
+any thing of the taste and spirit which prevail in the poet Mason's
+precepts and descriptions; and in one of his acute, yet pleasant pages,
+he alludes to his having but _one_ and the same plan of operation;
+_Sangrado_-like, treating all disorders in the same manner. Perhaps the
+too general smoothness and tameness of Mr. Browne's pleasure-grounds ill
+accorded with Sir Uvedale's enthusiasm for the more sublime views of
+forest scenery, rapid and stony torrents and cascades, wild entangled
+dingles, and craggy breaks; or with the high and sublime notions he had
+imbibed from the rich scenery of nature so often contemplated by him in
+the landscapes of _Claude_, or in those of _Rubens_, _Gaspar Poussin_,
+_Salvator Rosa_, or of _Titian_, "the greatest of all landscape
+painters." Perhaps Sir Uvedale preferred "unwedgeable and gnarled oaks,"
+to "the tameness of the poor pinioned trees of a gentleman's plantation,
+drawn up straight," or the wooded banks of a river, to the "bare shaven
+border of a canal."[88]
+
+Daines Barrington happily said, "Kent has been succeeded by Browne, who
+hath undoubtedly great merit in laying out pleasure-grounds; but I
+conceive that in some of his plans, I see rather traces of the
+kitchen-gardener of old Stowe, than of Poussin or Claude Lorraine: I
+could wish, therefore, that Gainsborough gave the design, and that
+Browne executed it."[89] Mr. Loudon observes, "that Browne must have
+possessed considerable talents, the extent of his reputation abundantly
+proves; but that he was imbued with much of that taste for picturesque
+beauty, which distinguished the works of Kent, Hamilton, and Shenstone,
+we think will hardly be asserted by any one who has observed attentively
+such places as are known to be his creations." Mr. George Mason candidly
+asks, "why Browne should be charged with all the defects of those that
+have called themselves his followers, I have seen no good reason
+alleged, nor can I suppose it possible to produce one." Many of his
+imitators exhibited so little talent in their creations, that Mr.
+Browne's name considerably suffered in the estimation of many.
+
+Mr. Gilpin speaks of Browne's improvements at Blenheim in high terms.
+Mr. Marshall in his Survey of Stowe and Fisherwick, in vol. i. of his
+"Planting and Rural Ornament," and at p. 384, pays a fair tribute to
+him. Much general information respecting him may be seen in Mr. Loudon's
+chapter "Of the rise, progress, and present state of gardening in the
+British Isles." The candour and rich conciseness of this review,
+embraces the whole _magic of the art_, as respects landscape
+gardening.[90]
+
+
+FRANCIS ZAVIER VISPRE wrote "A Dissertation on the Growth of Wine in
+England", Bath, 8vo. 1786. Mr. Vispre died poor, between thirty and
+forty years ago, in St. Martin's Lane. He excelled in painting portraits
+in crayons: Sir Joshua much esteemed him. He was a most inoffensive man,
+of the mildest manners, and of the purest integrity. I have seen his
+portrait in crayons, in an oval, finely finished by himself, but know
+not now where that is. On his mode of training the vine _very near the
+ground_, see p. 757 of the Encyclop. of Gardening.
+
+
+WILLIAM MASON, precentor and canon of York, died in 1797. His friend,
+Sir Joshua Reynolds, painted an impressive portrait of him, which is
+engraved by Doughty. A masterly copy of this fine portrait is in Mr.
+Cadell's Contemporary Portraits. A copy is also prefixed to the edition
+of his works, in 4 vols. 8vo. 1811, published by Mr. Cadell. His
+portrait was also taken by Vaslet, and engraved by Carter, 1771. It is a
+large metz etching. He translated Du Fresnoy's Art of Painting, to which
+Sir Joshua added some notes. Mr. Mason has prefixed an Epistle to Sir
+Joshua, which thus concludes:
+
+   And oh! if ought thy poet can pretend
+   Beyond his favourite wish, to _call thee friend_:
+   Be it that here his tuneful toil has dress'd
+   The muse of _Fresnoy_ in a modern vest;
+   And, with what skill his fancy could bestow,
+   Taught the close folds to take an easier flow;
+   Be it that here, thy partial smile approv'd
+   The pains he lavish'd on the art he lov'd.
+
+Mr. Mason's attachment to painting was an early one, is conspicuous in
+many of his writings, and in his English Garden, is visible throughout:
+
+                                ----feel ye there
+   What _Reynolds_ felt, when first the Vatican
+   Unbarr'd her gates, and to his raptur'd eye
+   Gave all the god-like energy that flow'd
+   From _Michael's_ pencil; feel what _Garrick_ felt,
+   When first he breath'd the soul of _Shakspeare's_ page.
+
+Sir Joshua, in his will, bequeaths his then supposed portrait of Milton
+to Mr. Mason.
+
+Mr. Gray thus observes of Mason, when at Cambridge:--"So ignorant of the
+world and its ways, that this does not hurt him in one's opinion; so
+sincere and so undisguised, that no mind with a spark of generosity
+would ever think of hurting him, he lies so open to injury; but so
+indolent, that if he cannot overcome this habit, all his good qualities
+will signify nothing at all."
+
+Mr. Mason, in 1754, found a patron in the Earl of Holderness, who
+presented him with the living of _Aston_, in Yorkshire. This sequestred
+village was favourable to his love of poetry and picturesque scenery;
+which displayed itself at large in his English Garden, and was the
+foundation of his lasting friendship with Mr. Gilpin, who to testify his
+esteem, dedicated to him his _Observations on the Wye_. A biographer of
+the late Mr. Shore, of Norton Hall, (the friend of Priestley), thus
+mentions _Aston_:--"That truly conscientious, and truly learned and
+excellent man, Mr. Lindsey, spent a whole week in this neighbourhood. He
+was during that time the guest of his friend Mr. Mason, who was residing
+on his rectory at _Aston_, the biographer of Gray, and one whose taste,
+gave beauty, and poetry, celebrity, to that cheerful village." His
+friendship for Mr. Gray, terminated only with the life of the latter. In
+1770 Mr. Mason was visited at Aston, for the last time, by him. His last
+letter to Mr. Mason was from Pembroke-hall, in May, 1771, and on the
+31st of the next month, and at that place, this sublime genius paid the
+debt of nature. The following epitaph was written by Mr. Mason, and
+inscribed on the monument in Westminster Abbey:
+
+   No more the Grecian muse unrivall'd reigns;
+     To Britain let the nations homage pay:
+   She felt a Homer's fire in Milton's strains,
+     A Pindar's rapture in the lyre of Gray.
+
+He farther evinced his attachment to this elegant scholar by publishing
+his poems and letters, to which he prefixed memoirs of him. He commences
+the third book of his English Garden with an invocation to his memory,
+and records, in lofty language, his eye glistening and his accents
+glowing, when viewing the charms of all-majestic Nature--the heights of
+Skiddaw and the purple crags of Borrowdale. And on a rustic alcove, in
+the garden at Aston, which he dedicated to Mr. Gray, he inscribed this
+stanza from the celebrated elegy:
+
+   _Here scatter'd oft, the loveliest of the year,
+     By hands unseen, are showers of violets found;
+   The red-breast loves to build and warble here,
+     And little footsteps lightly print the ground._
+
+Mr. Mason married in 1765 a most amiable woman; she fell at length into
+a rapid consumption, and at Bristol hot-wells she died. Gray's letter to
+Mr. Mason while at that place, is full of eloquence; upon which the
+latter observes, "I opened it almost at the precise moment when it would
+be necessarily most affecting. His epitaph on the monument he erected on
+this lady, in the Bristol cathedral, breathes such tender feeling and
+chaste simplicity, that it can need no apology for being noticed here:
+
+   Take, holy earth! all that my soul holds dear;
+     Take that best gift which heav'n so lately gave:
+   To Bristol's fount I bore with trembling care
+     Her faded form: she bow'd to taste the wave
+   And died. Does youth, does beauty, read the line?
+     Does sympathetic fears their breasts alarm?
+   Speak, dead Maria! breathe a strain divine:
+     E'en from the grave thou shalt have power to charm.
+   Bid them be chaste, be innocent, like thee;
+     Bid them in duty's sphere as meekly move;
+   And if so fair, from vanity as free;
+     As firm in friendship, and as fond in love.
+   Tell them, though 'tis an awful thing to die,
+     ('Twas e'en to thee) yet the dread path once trod,
+   Heav'n lifts its everlasting portals high,
+     And bids "the pure in heart behold their God."
+
+A very short time after Mrs. Mason's death, he began his English
+Garden, and invokes the genius both of poetry and painting
+
+                         ----that at my birth
+   Auspicious smil'd, and o'er my cradle dropp'd
+   Those magic seeds of Fancy, which produce
+   A Poet's feeling, and a Painter's eye.
+   ----with lenient smiles to deign to cheer,
+   At this sad hour, my desolated soul.
+   For deem not ye that I resume the lyre
+   To court the world's applause; my years mature
+   Have learn'd to slight the toy. No, 'tis to soothe
+   That agony of heart, which they alone,
+   Who best have lov'd, who best have been belov'd,
+   Can feel, or pity: sympathy severe!
+   Which she too felt, when on her pallid lip
+   The last farewell hung trembling, and bespoke
+   A wish to linger here, and bless the arms
+   She left for heav'n.--She died, and heav'n is her's!
+   Be mine, the pensive solitary balm
+   That recollection yields. Yes, angel pure!
+   While memory holds her seat, thine image still
+   Shall reign, shall triumph there; and when, as now,
+   Imagination forms a nymph divine,
+   To lead the fluent strain, thy modest blush,
+   Thy mild demeanour, thy unpractis'd smile,
+   Shall grace that nymph, and sweet Simplicity
+   Be dress'd (ah, meek Maria!) in thy charms.
+
+Dr. Thomas Warton thus speaks of the above poem, when reviewing Tusser's
+Husbandry:--"Such were the rude beginnings in the English language of
+didactic poetry, which, on a kindred subject, the present age has seen
+brought to perfection, by the happy combination of judicious precepts,
+with the most elegant ornaments of language and imagery, in Mr. Mason's
+English Garden." His Elfrida and Caractacus, are admired for boldness of
+conception and sublime description. Elfrida was set to Music by Arne,
+and again by Giardini. Caractacus was also set to music. Mr. Mason's
+success with both these dramatic poems was beyond his most sanguine
+expectation.
+
+Dr. Darwin wrote an epitaph on Mr. Mason; these lines are its concluding
+part:
+
+   Weave the bright wreath, to worth departed just,
+   And hang unfading chaplets on his bust;
+   While pale Elfrida, bending o'er his bier,
+   Breathes the soft sigh and sheds the graceful tear;
+   And stern Caractacus, with brow depress'd
+   Clasps the cold marble to his mailed breast.
+   In lucid troops shall choral virgins throng,
+   With voice alternate chant their poet's song.
+   And, oh! in golden characters record
+   Each firm, immutable, immortal word!
+
+"Those last two lines from the final chorus of Elfrida, (says Miss
+Seward), admirably close this tribute to the memory of him who stands
+second to Gray, as a lyric poet; whose English Garden is one of the
+happiest efforts of didactic verse, containing the purest elements of
+horticultural taste, dignified by freedom and virtue, rendered
+interesting by episode, and given in those energetic and undulating
+measures which render blank verse excellent; whose unowned satires, yet
+certainly his, the heroic epistle to Sir William Chambers, and its
+postscript, are at once original in their style, harmonious in their
+numbers, and pointed in their ridicule; whose tragedies are the only
+pathetic tragedies which have been written in our language upon the
+severe Greek model. The Samson Agonistes bears marks of a stronger, but
+also of an heavier hand, and is unquestionably less touching than the
+sweet Elfrida, and the sublime Caractacus."
+
+Mr. Mason, in 1756 published four Odes. "It would be difficult to say,
+(says the biographer of the annual Necrology of 1797,) which is most to
+be admired, the vividness of the conception, or the spirit of liberty,
+and the ardent love of independance throughout. The address to Milton in
+his Ode to Memory, and to Andrew Marvel, in that to Independance, cannot
+be too much admired. At the period when the Middlesex election was so
+much agitated, he united with those independant freeholders, who, by
+their declarations and petitions, throughout the nation, opposed
+corruption, and claimed a reform in parliament; and when the county of
+York assembled in 1779, he was of the committee, and had a great share
+in drawing up their spirited resolutions. The animated vindication of
+the conduct of the freeholders, and other papers, though printed
+anonimously in the newspapers, and so printed in Mr. Wyvill's collection
+of political tracts, in 3 vols. are well known to be Mr. Mason's
+production. This conduct rendered him obnoxious to the court party. He
+was at this time one of the king's chaplains, but when it became his
+turn to preach before the royal family, the queen appointed another
+person to supply his place. It has been observed, that his sentiments in
+a later period of his life, took a colour less favourable to liberty.
+Whether alarmed at the march of the French revolution, or from the
+timidity of age, we know not. His friend Horace Walpole, charges him
+with flat apostacy:" The _Heroic Epistle_ to Sir W. Chambers, and the
+_Heroic Postscript_, are now positively said to have been written by Mr.
+Mason. Mr. Thomas Warton observed, "they may have been written by
+Walpole, and buckramed by Mason."
+
+The late Sir U. Price, in the generous and patriotic conclusion of his
+letter to Mr. Repton, pays a delicate compliment to the genius of Mr.
+Mason in whatever concerns rural scenery; and his respect for Mr. Mason,
+and his high opinion of his talents, is farther shewn in pp. 295 and
+371 of his first volume, and in p. 94 of vol. ii. Mr. Mathias, after
+supposing Mr. Mason to have been the author of the Heroic Epistle, and
+after paying a high compliment to his general poetry, thus concludes his
+generous tribute:
+
+   Whence is that groan? no more Britannia sleeps,
+   But o'er her lov'd Musaeus bends and weeps.
+   Lo, every Grecian, every British muse
+   Scatter the recent flowers and gracious dews
+   Where MASON lies!
+   And in his breast each soft affection dwelt,
+   That love and friendship know; each sister art,
+   With all that colours, and that sounds impart,
+   All that the sylvan theatre can grace,
+   All in the soul of MASON found their place!
+   Low sinks the laurell'd head: in Mona's land
+   I see them pass, 'tis Mador's drooping band,
+   To harps of woe, in holiest obsequies,
+   In yonder grave, they chant, our Druid lies!
+
+ERASMUS DARWIN. In the life of this justly celebrated physician, by Miss
+Seward, she informs us, that in the year 1770, he sat to Mr. Wright of
+Derby; and that it was "a contemplative portrait, of the most perfect
+resemblance." Whether it has been engraved I know not. He was then in
+his thirty-eighth year. Dr. Thornton, in his superb work on botany, has
+given a fine portrait of Dr. Darwin, at a more advanced period of his
+life. It breathes intelligence in every feature, and is a masterly
+likeness. The late Mr. Archdeacon Clive preserved a highly-finished
+miniature portrait of him, which was ordered by Dr. Darwin for the
+express purpose of being presented to this worthy clergyman, whom he so
+much esteemed.[91]
+
+Dr. Darwin published,
+
+1. Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life.
+
+2. Phytologia, or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, 4to.
+1800. "A vast field of treasured observation and scientific literature."
+
+3. The Botanic Garden.
+
+Lord Byron, and others, have been severe on this poem. The lines,
+however, on the soldier's wife and infants, after watching the battle of
+Minden--those animated ones to Mr. Howard--or when the mother, during
+the plague in London, commits her children to the grave,
+
+   _When o'er the friendless bier no rites were read,
+   No dirge slow chanted, and no pall outspread;_
+
+these make one gladly acknowledge, that pathetic powers were the gift of
+Darwin's muse. The sublimity of the following address to our _first_
+daring aeronaut, merits insertion:
+
+   --Rise, great Mongolfier! urge thy venturous flight
+   High o'er the moon's pale, ice-reflected light;
+   High o'er the pearly star, whose beamy horn
+   Hangs in the east, gay harbinger of morn;
+   Leave the red eye of Mars on rapid wing,
+   Jove's silver guards, and Saturn's dusky ring;
+   Leave the fair beams, which issuing from afar
+   Play with new lustres round the Georgian star;
+   Shun with strong oars the sun's attractive throne,
+   The burning Zodiac, and the milky Zone:
+   Where headlong comets with increasing force
+   Through other systems bend their burning course!
+   For thee Cassiope her chair withdraws,
+   For thee the Bear retracts his shaggy paws;
+   High o'er the north thy golden orb shall roll,
+   And blaze eternal round the wondering pole.[92]
+
+Miss Seward, after stating that professional generosity distinguished
+Dr. Darwin's medical practice at Lichfield, farther says, that
+"diligently also did he attend to the health of the poor in that city,
+and afterwards at Derby, and supplied their necessities by food, and all
+sorts of charitable assistance. In each of those towns, _his_ was the
+cheerful board of almost open-housed hospitality, without extravagance
+or pride; deeming ever the first unjust, the latter unmanly. Generosity,
+wit and science, were his household gods."[93] She again states that
+when he removed from Lichfield to Derby, "his renown, as a physician,
+still increased as time rolled on, and his mortal life declined from its
+noon. Patients resorted to him more and more, from every part of the
+kingdom, and often from the continent. All ranks, all orders of society,
+all religions, leaned upon his power to ameliorate disease, and to
+prolong existence. The rigid and sternly pious, who had attempted to
+renounce his aid, from a superstition that no blessing would attend the
+prescriptions of a sceptic, sacrificed, after a time, their
+superstitious scruples to their involuntary consciousness of his mighty
+skill." Mr. Mathias, though he severely criticizes some of Dr. Darwin's
+works, yet he justly calls him "this very ingenious man, and most
+excellent physician, for such he undoubtedly was."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+From scattered passages in Miss Seward's Life of him, one can easily
+trace the delight he took (notwithstanding his immense professional
+engagements,) in the scenery of nature and gardens;--witness his
+frequent admiration of the tangled glen and luxuriant landscape at
+_Belmont_, its sombre and pathless woods, impressing us with a sense of
+solemn seclusion, like the solitudes of _Tinian_, or _Juan Fernandes_,
+with its "silent and unsullied stream," which the admirable lines he
+addresses to the youthful owner of that spot so purely and temperately
+allude to:--
+
+   O, friend to peace and virtue, ever flows
+   For thee my silent and unsullied stream,
+   Pure and untainted as thy blameless life!
+   Let no gay converse lead thy steps astray,
+   To mix my chaste wave with immodest wine,
+   Nor with the poisonous cup, which Chemia's hand
+   Deals (fell enchantress!) to the sons of folly!
+   So shall young Health thy daily walks attend,
+   Weave for thy hoary brow the vernal flower
+   Of cheerfulness, and with his nervous arm
+   Arrest th' inexorable scythe of Time.
+
+So early, and indeed throughout his whole life, did Dr. Darwin enforce
+the happy consequences of temperance and sobriety; from his conviction
+of the pernicious effects of all kinds of intemperance on the youthful
+constitution. He had an absolute horror of spirits of all sorts, however
+diluted. Pure water was, throughout the greater part of his temperate
+life, his favourite beverage. He has been severely censured (no doubt
+very justly so), for some of his religious prejudices. Old Walter Mapes,
+the jovial canon of Salisbury, precentor of Lincoln, and arch-deacon of
+Oxford, in the eleventh century, considered _water_ as fit only for
+_heretics_.
+
+One may again trace his fondness for the rich scenery of nature, when he
+in 1777 purchased a wild umbrageous valley near Lichfield, with its
+mossy fountain of the purest water. This spot he fondly cultivated. The
+botanic skill displayed by him on this spot, did not escape the
+searching eye of Mr. Loudon, for in p. 807 of his Encyclop. of
+Gardening, he pays a deserved compliment to him.[94] Miss Seward wrote
+some lines on this favoured valley, and these are part of them:
+
+   O! may no ruder step these bowers profane,
+   No midnight wassailers deface the plain;
+   And when the tempests of the wintry day
+   Blow golden autumn's varied leaves away,
+   Winds of the north, restrain your icy gales,
+   Nor chill the bosom of these hallow'd vales.
+
+His attachment to gardens, induced him to honour the memory of Mr.
+Mason, by lines once intended for his monument; and he was suggesting
+improvements at the priory at Derby (and which he had just described the
+last morning of his life in a sprightly letter to a friend), when the
+fatal signal was given, and a few hours after, on the 18th of April,
+1802, and in his sixty-ninth year, he sunk into his chair and expired.
+"Thus in one hour (says his affectionate biographer) was extinguished
+that vital light, which the preceding hour had shone in flattering
+brightness, promising duration; (such is often _the cunning flattery of
+nature_), that light, which through half a century, had diffused its
+radiance and its warmth so widely; that light in which penury had been
+cheered, in which science had expanded; to whose orb poetry had brought
+all her images; before whose influence disease had continually
+retreated, and death so often "turned aside his levelled dart!"[95] That
+Dr. Darwin, as to his religious principles or prejudices, displayed
+great errors of judgment in his _Zoonomia_, there can be no doubt. An
+eminent champion of Christianity, truly observed, that Dr. Darwin "was
+acquainted with more links in the chain of _second_ causes, than had
+probably been known to any individual, who went before him; but that he
+dwelt so much, and so _exclusively_ on second causes, that he too
+generally seems to have forgotten that there is a first." For these
+errors he must long since have been called to his account, before one
+who can appreciate those errors better than we can. Though the _Accusing
+Spirit_ must have blushed when he gave them in, yet, let us hope, that
+the _Recording Angel_, out of mercy to his humane heart, and his many
+good and valuable qualities, may have blotted them out for ever.
+
+
+REV. WILLIAM GILPIN, who, as Mr. Dallaway, in his Observations on the
+Arts, observes, "possesses unquestionably the happy faculty to paint
+with words;" and who farther highly compliments him in his supplementary
+chapter on Modern Gardening, annexed to his enriched edition of Mr.
+Walpole's Anecdotes. The Topographer says he "describes with the
+language of a master, the artless scenes of uncultivated nature." Mr.
+Walpole in his postscript to his Catalogue of Engravers, after
+premising, that it might, perhaps, be worth while "to melt down this
+volume and new cast it," pays this tribute to him: "Were I of authority
+sufficient to name my successor, or could prevail on him to condescend
+to accept an office which he could execute with more taste and ability;
+from whose hands could the public receive so much information and
+pleasure as from the author of the _Essay on Prints_, and from the
+_Tours_, &c.? And when was the public ever instructed by the pen and
+pencil at once, with equal excellence in the style of both, but by Mr.
+Gilpin?"
+
+Had Mr. Gilpin written nothing more than his "Lectures on the
+Catechism," that alone would have conferred on him the name of a
+meritorious writer. His allusion to Plato, his reflections on the Last
+Judgment, his animated address to youth, and his conclusion of his
+sixteenth lecture, must strike deep into the heart of every reader. His
+"Sermons preached to a Country Congregation," prove him a pious,
+charitable, and valuable man.[96]
+
+The glowing imagery of his style, when viewing the beautiful scenery in
+many parts of England, and some of the vast and magnificent ones of
+Scotland, is fraught with many fervid charms. Still we are forced to
+join Mr. Mathias, in the remonstrance he so justly makes as to the
+jargonic conceit of some of his language. Mr. Gilpin's first work on
+picturesque beauty, was his Observations on the River Wye, made in the
+year 1770. He afterwards published:
+
+Forest Scenery--Picturesque Beauties of the Highlands--Mountains of
+Cumberland and Westmoreland--Western parts of England--Cambridge,
+Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex--Hampshire, Sussex and Kent. Three Essays, on
+Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel, and on Sketching Landscape,
+to which is added, a poem on Landscape Painting. A full account of his
+numerous works may be seen in Watts's Bibl. Brit. A complete list of
+them is also given by Mr. Nichols, in vol. i. of his Illustrations, with
+a brief memoir. Mr. Johnson also gives a list of such of his works as
+relate to picturesque scenery, with their titles at large. His portrait
+was painted by Walton, and engraved in metz by Clint.
+
+
+JAMES ANDERSON published the following works; and I have given the price
+of such of them as appeared in the late Mr. Harding's Agricultural
+Catalogue:--
+
+     1. The Bee, or Literary Intelligencer, 18 vols. 8vo. _Edinb._ 1791.
+
+     2. Recreations in Agriculture, Natural History, Arts and
+     Miscellaneous Literature, 6 vols. 8vo. _Lond._ 3_l._ 10s.
+
+     3. Essays relating to Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 3 vols. 8vo.
+     1_l._ 7s.
+
+     4. Practical Treatise on draining Bogs, 8vo. 6s.
+
+     5. Practical Treatise on Peat Moss, 8vo. 5s.
+
+     6. On Lime as a Cement and Manure, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+     7. An Account of the different kinds of Sheep found in the Russian
+     Dominions, and amongst the Tartar Hordes, 8vo. 6s.
+
+     8. Investigation of the Causes of Scarcity of 1800. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+     9. Miscellaneous Thoughts on Planting Timber Trees, chiefly for the
+     climate of Scotland, by Agricola, 8vo. _Edinb._ 1777.
+
+     10. Description of a Patent Hot-house, 1804. 12mo. 5s.
+
+In "Public Characters of 1800 and 1801," a portrait is given of him, a
+list of his works, and it thus speaks of him: "The manners of this
+ingenious and very useful man were plain and frank, an indication of an
+honest and good heart. He was benevolent and generous, a tender parent,
+and a warm friend, and very highly respected in the circle of his
+acquaintance." There is a portrait of him, painted by Anderson, and
+engraved by Ridley. A copy is given in the Mirror, (published by Vernon
+and Hood), of Nov. 1799. Another is given in the Gentleman's Magazine.
+He died at West Ham, Essex, in 1808, aged 69. Mr. Lysons, in the
+Supplement to his Environs of London, gives a few particulars of him.
+
+
+HORACE WALPOLE. He was the youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole, who so
+long guided the destinies of England, and whose attractive and
+benevolent private life, seems to have fully merited the praise of
+Pope's elegant muse:
+
+   _Seen him I have; but in his happier hour
+   Of social pleasure,--ill exchang'd for power--
+   Seen him uncumber'd with the venal tribe,
+   Smile without art, and win without a bribe._
+
+The best portraits of this intelligent and acute writer, Horace Walpole,
+are the portrait in Mr. Dallaway's richly decorated edition of the
+Anecdotes of Painting, from Sir Joshua Reynolds, and that in Mr.
+Cadell's Contemporary Portraits, from Lawrence. Dance also drew him.
+Another portrait is prefixed to the ninth volume of his works, in 4to.
+1825, from a picture in the possession of the Marquis of Hertford. There
+is another portrait, engraved by Pariset, from Falconot. Mr. Walpole
+died in March, 1797, at his favourite seat at Strawberry-hill, at the
+age of eighty. His manners were highly polished, from his having, during
+the course of a long life, frequented the first societies. His
+conversation abounded with interesting anecdote and playful wit.
+Felicity of narration, and liveliness of expression, mark his graceful
+pen. The Prince de Ligne (a perfect judge) thus speaks of his _History
+of the Modern Taste in Gardening_:--"Je n'en admire pas moins
+l'eloquence, et la profondeur, de son ouvrage sur les jardins." Mr.
+Walpole himself says:--"We have given the true model of gardening to the
+world: let other countries mimic or corrupt our taste; but let it reign
+here on its verdant throne, original by its elegant simplicity, and
+proud of no other art than that of softening nature's harshnesses, and
+copying her graceful touch."
+
+Sir U. Price, in vol. i. p. 18 of his Essays, pays high respect to Mr.
+Walpole, and differs from him "with great deference and reluctance." He
+observes:--"I can hardly think it necessary to make any excuse for
+calling Lord Orford, Mr. Walpole; it is the name by which he is best
+known in the literary world, and to which his writings have given a
+celebrity much beyond what any hereditary honour can bestow." Mr.
+Johnson observes:--"To his sketch of the improvements introduced by
+Bridgman and Kent, and those garden artists, their immediate successors,
+we may afford the best praise; he appears to be a faithful, and is, an
+eloquent annalist." It is impossible to pass by this tribute, without
+reminding my reader, that Mr. Johnson's own review of our ornamental
+gardening, is energetic and luminous; as is indeed the whole of his
+comprehensive general review of gardening, from the earliest period,
+down to the close of the last century.
+
+
+THE HON. DAINES BARRINGTON. He devoted himself to literary pursuits; was
+a profound antiquary, and a truly worthy man. He died in 1800, aged 73,
+at his chambers in the Temple, and was buried in the Temple church. The
+attractive improvements in the gardens there, may be said to have
+originated with him. He possibly looked on them as classic ground; for
+in these gardens, the proud Somerset vowed to dye their white rose to a
+bloody red, and Warwick prophesied that their brawl
+
+                          ----in the Temple garden,
+   Shall send, between the red rose and the white,
+   A thousand souls to death and deadly night.
+
+He published,
+
+     1. Observations on the more Ancient Statutes, 4to. To the 5th
+     edition of which, in 1796, is prefixed his portrait.
+
+     2. The Naturalist's Calendar, 8vo.
+
+     3. A translation of Orosius, ascribed to Alfred, with notes, 8vo.
+
+     4. Tracts on the probability of reaching the North Pole, 4to.
+
+     5. In vol. vii. of the Archaeologia, is his paper On the Progress of
+     Gardening. It was printed as a separate tract by Mr. Nichols, price
+     1s. 6d.
+
+     6. Miscellanies on various subjects, 4to.
+
+Mr. Nichols, in his Life of Bowyer, calls him "a man of amiable
+character, polite, communicative and liberal;" and in the fifth volume
+of his Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century,
+he gives a neatly engraved portrait of Mr. Barrington, and some
+memorials or letters of his. Mr. Boswell ("the cheerful, the pleasant,
+the inimitable biographer of his illustrious friend"), thus relates Dr.
+Johnson's wish to become acquainted with Mr. Barrington:--"Soon after he
+had published his excellent Observations on the Statutes, Johnson
+waited on that worthy and learned gentleman, and having told him his
+name, courteously said, 'I have read your book, Sir, with great
+pleasure, and wish to be better known to you.' Thus began an
+acquaintance which was continued with mutual regard as long as Johnson
+lived." John Harris, Esq. the learned author of Philological Enquiries,
+thus speaks of Mr. Barrington's Observations on the Statutes:--"a
+valuable work, concerning which it is difficult to decide, whether it is
+more entertaining or more instructive."
+
+
+JOSEPH CRADOCK, Esq. whose "Village Memoirs" display his fine taste in
+landscape gardening. This feeling and generous-minded man, whose gentle
+manners, polite learning, and excellent talents, entitled him to an
+acquaintance with the first characters of the age, died in 1826, at the
+great age of eighty-five. This classical scholar and polished gentleman,
+who had (as a correspondent observes in the Gentleman's Magazine for
+January, 1827) "the habit of enlivening and embellishing every thing
+which he said with a certain lightning of eye and honied tone of voice,"
+shone in the first literary circles, and ranked as his intimate and
+valued friends (among many other enlightened persons), David Garrick,
+and Warburton, Hurd, Johnson, Goldsmith, Percy, and Parr. Dr. Johnson
+called him "a very pleasing gentleman." Indeed, he appears from every
+account to have been in all respects an amiable and accomplished person.
+He had the honour of being selected to dance a minuet with the most
+graceful of all dancers, Mrs. Garrick, at the Stratford Jubilee. It was
+to Mr. Cradock, that Dr. Farmer addressed his unanswerable Essay on the
+Learning of Shakspeare. In acts of humanity and kindness, he was
+surpassed by few. Pope's line of _the gay conscience of a life well
+spent_, might well have been applied to Mr. Cradock. When in
+Leicestershire, "he was respected by people of all parties for his
+worth, and idolized by the poor for his benevolence." This honest and
+honourable man, depicted his own mind in the concluding part of his
+inscription, for the banks of the lake he formed in his romantic and
+picturesque grounds, in that county:--
+
+   _Here on the bank Pomona's blossoms glow,
+   And finny myriads sparkle from below;
+   Here let the mind at peaceful anchor rest,
+   And heaven's own sunshine cheer the guiltless breast._[97]
+
+In 1773 he partly took his "Zobeide" from an unfinished tragedy by
+Voltaire. On sending a copy to Ferney, the enlightened veteran thus
+concluded his answer: "You have done too much honour to an old sick man
+of eighty. I am, with the most sincere esteem and gratitude,
+
+   "Sir, your obedient servant,
+   "VOLTAIRE."[98]
+
+I cannot refrain from adding a short extract from the above quoted
+magazine, as it brings to one's memory another much esteemed and worthy
+man:--"Here, perhaps, it may be allowable to allude to the sincere
+attachment between Mr. Cradock, and his old friend Mr. Nichols. For
+very many years Mr. Nichols had been accustomed to pay Mr. Cradock an
+annual visit at Gumley Hall; but on Mr. Cradock settling in London, the
+intercourse became incessant, and we doubt not that the daily
+correspondence which took place between them, contributed to cheer the
+latter days of these two veterans in literature. They had both of them
+in early life enjoyed the flattering distinction of an intimacy with the
+same eminent characters; and to hear the different anecdotes elicited in
+their animated conversations respecting Johnson and others, was indeed
+an intellectual treat of no ordinary description. Mr. Cradock and Mr.
+Nichols possessed a similarity in taste and judgment. They were both
+endowed with peculiar quickness of comprehension, and with powers and
+accuracy of memory rarely equalled." One may say of the liberal minded
+Mr. Nichols, what Mr. Murphy said of Dr. Johnson, that his love of
+literature was a passion that stuck to his last stand. The works of Mr.
+Cradock have, since his decease, been published by Mr. J. B. Nichols, in
+4 vols. 8vo. They contain his Essay on Gardening and Village Memoirs.
+They are enriched by a miniature portrait of him, by Hone, in 1764, when
+Mr. Cradock was in his prime of life, in his twenty-second year, and
+when his piercing eyes and intelligent countenance, were thought to have
+resembled those of Mr. Garrick. There is also a profile shade of Mr.
+Cradock, taken of him only a month before his decease. In the above
+quoted magazine, is a copy of this profile, with a memoir.
+
+
+SIR JOSEPH BANKS. There is a fine portrait of him by Russel, engraved by
+Collyer. In Mr. Cadell's Contemporary Portraits is another fine one,
+from the pencil of Lawrence. His portrait is preserved by the
+Horticultural Society of London, and in the British Museum is his bust,
+chiselled and presented by the Hon. Mrs. Damer. A good copy of the
+engraving by Collyer is in the European Magazine for Feb. 1795, and
+from the memoir there given I select the following:
+
+"If to support the dignity of the first literary society in the world,
+and by firmness and candour to conciliate the regard of its members; if
+rejecting the allurements of dissipation, to explore sciences unknown,
+and to cultivate the most manly qualities of the human heart; if to
+dispense a princely fortune in the enlargement of science, the
+encouragement of genius, and the alleviation of distress, be
+circumstances which entitle any one to a more than ordinary share of
+respect, few will dispute the claim of the person whose portrait
+ornaments the present magazine.... In short, he is entitled to every
+praise that science, liberality, and intelligence can bestow on their
+most distinguished favourites."
+
+Dr. Pulteney, in his handsome dedication of his Sketches on the progress
+of Botany, to Sir Joseph, thus alludes to his voyage with Cook:--"To
+whom could a work of this nature with so much propriety be addressed, as
+to him who had not only relinquished, for a series of years, all the
+allurements that a polished nation could display to opulence; but had
+exposed himself to numberless perils, and the repeated risk of life
+itself, that he might attain higher degrees of that knowledge, which
+these sketches are intended to communicate."
+
+The Academy of Sciences at Dijon, in their "Notice sur Sir Jos. Banks,"
+thus apostrophizes his memory:--"Ombre de Banks! apparois en ce lieu
+consacre au culte des sciences et des lettres; viens occuper la place
+que t'y conservent les muses, accepter les couronnes qu'elles-memes
+t'ont tressees! viens recevoir le tribut de nos sentimens, temoignage
+sincere de notre douleur et de not regrets; et par le souvenir de tes
+vertus, viens enflammer nos coeurs de cet amour pour le bien, qui fut
+le mobile de toutes tes actions!"[99]
+
+Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, justly calls him "This
+universal patron of the arts and sciences. Natural history was the
+favourite of his scientific studies, and every part of it was enriched
+by his researches." He again hails him as "a munificent friend of
+science and literature." The name of Banks will always be associated
+with that of Solander, the favourite pupil of Linnaeus, and with that of
+the immortal Cook. De Lille closes his _Jardins_ with a most generous
+and animated invocation to the memory of this intrepid navigator.
+
+
+WILLIAM FALCONER. The portrait of this eminent physician of Bath, is
+engraved by Fitler, from a painting by Daniel, of Bath, in 1791. It is
+prefixed to his "Influence of the Passions upon Disorders." He died in
+August, 1824, at the age of eighty-one. He published,
+
+     1. Essay on the Preservation of the Health of Persons employed in
+     Agriculture, 1s. Bath, 1789.
+
+     2. Miscellaneous Tracts relating to Natural History; selected from
+     the principal writers of antiquity. 1793. 4to.
+
+     3. Remarks on the Influence of Climate, Situation, Nature of
+     Country, &c. The Encyclop. of Gardening calls this "a most
+     interesting work." A writer in the New Monthly Mag. says "it
+     displays an almost unlimited extent of learning and research."
+
+     4. An Historical View of the Taste for Gardening and Laying out
+     Grounds among the Nations of Antiquity. 8vo. 1s. 6d. 1783. _Dilly._
+
+A list of his other works (nearly twenty in number), may be seen in the
+Dictionary of Living Authors, or in vol. xii. of the New Monthly Mag.;
+which last work says that the late Lord Thurlow, at whose table he was
+almost a constant guest, declared that "he never saw such a man; that he
+knew every thing, and knew it better than any one else." Neither this
+last publication, nor Dr. Watts in his Bibl. Brit. mention Dr.
+Falconer's Historical View of the Taste for Gardening.
+
+
+WILLIAM CURTIS. This honest, much-esteemed, and inoffensive man, though
+so deservedly eminent as a botanist, published only the following work
+on horticulture:--"Directions for Cultivating the Crambe Maritima, or
+Sea-kale for the Use of the Table." A new edition, enlarged, with three
+engravings. 2s. 6d. Mr. Loudon says, that this pamphlet has done more to
+recommend the culture of _sea-kale_ and diffuse the knowledge of it,
+than all his predecessors. Nearly three pages of the Encyclopaedia are
+enriched with the result of all that has appeared on the cultivation of
+this vegetable by English, Scotch, or French writers.
+
+The botanical works of Mr. Curtis have long been held in high esteem.
+The first number of his Flora Londinensis appeared in 1777. He commenced
+his Botanical Magazine in 1787. His Observations on British Grasses,
+appeared in a second edition, with coloured plates, in 1790. His
+Lectures were published after his death, to which is prefixed his
+portrait. His portrait is also given in Dr. Thornton's Botany. He died
+in 1799, was buried in Battersea church-yard, and on his grave-stone
+these lines are inscribed:--
+
+   _While living herbs shall spring profusely wild,
+     Or gardens cherish all that's sweet and gay,
+   So long thy works shall please, dear nature's child,
+     So long thy memory suffer no decay._
+
+
+THOMAS MARTYN, Professor of Botany at Cambridge, whose striking
+portrait, from a picture by Russel, appears in Dr. Thornton's superb
+work on botany. He died in June, 1825, in the ninetieth year of his age.
+His edition of Miller's Gardener's Dictionary, appeared in 4 vols.
+folio. Mr. Johnson observes, that this work "requires no comment. It is
+a standard, practical work, never to be surpassed." Mr. Martyn also
+published _Flora Rustica_, a description of plants, useful or injurious
+in husbandry, _with coloured plates_, 4 vols. 8vo.
+
+
+SIR W. CHAMBERS. There are portraits of him by Sir J. Reynolds, engraved
+by Collyer and by Green; one by Cotes, engraved by Houston, in 1772; and
+a profile by Pariset, after a drawing by Falconot. He died in 1796, aged
+sixty-nine. He published,
+
+     1. Designs for Chinese Buildings.
+
+     2. Plans and Views of the Buildings and Gardens at Kew.
+
+     3. A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, second edition, with
+     additions. To which is annexed an Explanatory Discourse, 4to.
+     1773. This work gave rise to those smart satires, _An Heroic
+     Epistle_, and _An Heroic Postscript_.
+
+
+HUMPHREY REPTON, Esq. His portrait is prefixed to his Observations on
+the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, folio. 1803. He also
+published on this subject:
+
+     1. Letter to U. Price, Esq. on Landscape Gardening, 8vo. 1794.
+
+     2. Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening, folio, 1795.
+
+     3. Enquiry into the Changes in Landscape Gardening, 8vo. 1806.
+
+     4. On the Introduction of Indian Architecture and Gardening, folio,
+     1808.
+
+     5. On the supposed Effect of Ivy upon Trees. A charming little
+     essay inserted in the _Linn. Trans._ vol. xi.
+
+     6. Fragments on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening,
+     4to. 1816. In p. 80 of the Encyclop. of Gardening, is some general
+     information respecting Mr. Repton.
+
+
+WILLIAM FORSYTH, Esq. His portrait is prefixed to the seventh edition of
+his Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees, 8vo. 1824;
+also to the 4to. edition of the same work in 1802. He also published
+Observations on the diseases, defects, and injuries in all kinds of
+Fruit and Forest Trees, with an account of a particular method of cure,
+8vo. 1791. Mr. Forsyth died in 1804.
+
+
+MR. JAMES DICKSON, who established the well-known seed and herb shop in
+Covent-garden, and died at the age of eighty-six, a few years ago,
+appears to have been very much esteemed. His family at Croydon possess
+his portrait, and there is another preserved by the Horticultural
+Society. He married for his second wife a sister of the intrepid
+traveller Mungo Park. Mr. Dickson, when searching for plants in the
+Hebrides, in 1789, was accompanied by him. Handsome mention is made of
+Mr. Dickson in the Life of Mungo Park, prefixed to the "Journal of a
+Mission to the Interior of Africa." In the above life, the friendly and
+generous assistance which Sir Joseph Banks shewed both to Mr. Dickson,
+and to Mungo Park, is very pleasingly recorded. A memoir of Mr. Dickson
+is given in the 5th vol. of the Hort. Transactions. He published,
+Fasciculus Plantarum Cryptog. Brit. 4 parts 4to. 1785-1801.
+
+
+RICHARD PAYNE KNIGHT, Esq. author of The Landscape, a didactic poem,
+4to. 1794. A second edition, _with a preface_, appeared in 4to. in 1795.
+This poem is the only production of Mr. Knight, on the subject of
+landscape scenery, except his occasional allusions thereto, in his
+Analytical Enquiry into the Principles of Taste, the second edition of
+which appeared in 8vo. in 1805. This latter work embraces a variety of
+subjects, and contains many energetic pages, particularly those on
+Homer, and on the English drama. His philosophical survey of human life
+"in its last stages," (at p. 461), and where he alludes to "the hooks
+and links which hold the affections of age," is worthy of all praise; it
+is deep, solemn, and affecting. The other publications of this gentleman
+are enumerated in Dr. Watts's Bibl. Brit. Mr. Knight, in his Landscape,
+after invoking the genius of Virgil, in reference to his
+
+   _----O qui me gelidis in vallibus Hoemi
+   Sistat, et ingenti ramorum protegat unbra,_
+
+thus proceeds, after severely censuring Mr. _Browne_, who
+
+   ----bade the stream 'twixt banks close shaved to glide;
+   Banish'd the thickets of high-bowering wood,
+   Which hung, reflected o'er the glassy flood:
+   Where screen'd and shelter'd from the heats of day,
+   Oft on the moss-grown stone reposed I lay,
+   And tranquil view'd the limpid stream below,
+   Brown with o'er hanging shade, in circling eddies flow.
+     Dear peaceful scenes, that now prevail no more,
+   Your loss shall every weeping muse deplore!
+   Your poet, too, in one dear favour'd spot,
+   Shall shew your beauties are not quite forgot:
+   Protect from all the sacrilegious waste
+   Of false improvement, and pretended taste,
+   _One tranquil vale!_[100] where oft, from care retir'd
+   He courts the muse, and thinks himself inspired;
+   Lulls busy thought, and rising hope to rest,
+   And checks each wish that dares his peace molest.
+
+After scorning "wisdom's solemn empty toys," he proceeds:
+
+     Let me, retir'd from business, toil, and strife,
+   Close amidst books and solitude my life;
+   Beneath yon high-brow'd rocks in thickets rove,
+   Or, meditating, wander through the grove;
+   Or, from the cavern, view the noontide beam
+   Dance on the rippling of the lucid stream,
+   While the wild woodbine dangles o'er my head,
+   And various flowers around their fragrance spread.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+   Then homeward as I sauntering move along,
+   The nightingale begins his evening song;
+   Chanting a requiem to departed light,
+   That smooths the raven down of sable night.
+
+After an animated tribute to _Homer_, he reviews the rising and the
+slumbering, or drooping of the arts, midst storms of war, and gloomy
+bigotry.
+
+   Hail, arts divine!--still may your solace sweet
+   Cheer the recesses of my calm retreat;
+   And banish every mean pursuit, that dares
+   Cloud life's serene with low ambitious cares.
+     Vain is the pomp of wealth: its splendid halls,
+   And vaulted roofs, sustain'd by marble walls.--
+   In beds of state pale sorrow often sighs,
+   Nor gets relief from gilded canopies:
+   But arts can still new recreation find,
+   To soothe the troubles of th' afflicted mind;
+   Recall the ideal work of ancient days,
+   And man in his own estimation raise;
+   Visions of glory to his eyes impart,
+   And cheer with conscious pride his drooping heart.
+
+After a review of our several timber trees, and a tribute to our native
+streams, and woods; and after describing in happy lines _Kamtschatka's_
+dreary coast, he concludes his poem with reflections on the ill-fated
+_Queen of France_, whose
+
+   Waning beauty, in the dungeon's gloom,
+   Feels, yet alive, the horrors of the tomb!
+
+Mr. Knight's portrait, painted by Sir Thomas Lawrence, is preserved at
+Downton Castle, near Ludlow; and is engraved among Cadell's Contemporary
+Portraits. It is also engraved by Bromley, from the same painter.
+Another portrait was in the library of the late Mr. Johnes, at Havod.
+
+
+DR. ANDREW DUNCAN. He died at Edinburgh in June 1828, at the great age
+of eighty-four. His portrait was drawn by Raiburn, and engraved by
+Mitchell. He was a contemporary of several eminent persons, whose
+society and friendship formed one of the chief pleasures of his life.
+There was scarcely an institution proposed for the benefit of his native
+city, Edinburgh, to which his name will not be found a contributor. He
+was, in fact, the patron and benefactor of all public charities. In 1809
+he projected, and by his exertions, succeeded in establishing, the
+Horticultural Society of Edinburgh. His animated and scientific
+discourses, delivered at the meetings of the Caledonian Horticultural
+Society, will always be perused with eager pleasure by every
+horticulturist. In that delivered in December, 1814, and inserted in the
+fifth number of their Memoirs, this zealous well-wisher of his native
+city, thus exults:--"I am now, gentlemen, past the seventieth year of my
+age, and I have been a steady admirer both of Flora and Pomona from the
+very earliest period of my youth. During a pretty long life, it has been
+my lot to have had opportunities of visiting gardens in three different
+quarters of the globe, in Europe, in Asia, and in Africa; and from what
+I have seen, I am decidedly of opinion, that at the present day, there
+is not a large city in the world, which enjoys a supply of vegetable
+food in more abundance, in greater variety, or in higher excellence,
+than the city of Edinburgh. From the potatoe to the pine-apple,--from
+the most useful to the most delicious productions of the vegetable
+kingdom, we are not at present outdone, as far as my observation goes,
+by any large city on the face of the earth." His medical talents may
+well be believed not to have been small, when it is told, that he was
+the rival in practice, and by no means an unsuccessful one, of the
+illustrious Cullen, of the Monros, and of Gregory. In private life, Dr.
+Duncan was eminently distinguished for his sociality, and the desire to
+benefit all mankind. He was a member of several social clubs. His
+favourite amusement was _gardening_. He possessed a garden in the
+neighbourhood of Edinburgh, which he cultivated entirely with his own
+hands, and on the door of which was placed, in conspicuous letters,
+'_hinc salus_.' He was particularly kind to the students attending his
+lectures, and gave a tea-drinking every Sunday evening to about a dozen
+of them, by rotation, who assembled at six o'clock and went away at
+eight. When old, he used sometimes to forget the lapse of time, and in
+his lectures, frequently spoke about the _late_ Mr. Haller, who lived a
+century before. To the last year of his life he never omitted going up,
+on the morning of the 1st of May, to wash his face in the dew of the
+summit of a mountain near Edinburgh, called Arthur's Seat. He had the
+merit of being the father of the present Dr. Duncan, the celebrated
+author of the Edinburgh Dispensatory, and professor of materia medica.
+Dr. Duncan's funeral was properly made a public one, at which the
+professors, magistrates, and medical bodies of Edinburgh attended, to
+testify their sorrow and respect.
+
+
+SIR UVEDALE PRICE. His portrait was taken by Sir Thomas Lawrence, and is
+now at Foxley.[101] The Hereford Journal of Wednesday, September 16,
+1829, thus relates his decease:--"On Monday last died, at Foxley, in
+this county, Sir Uvedale Price, Bart. in the eighty-third year of his
+age. The obituary of 1829 will not record a name more gifted or more
+dear! In a county where he was one of the oldest, as well as one of the
+most constant of its inhabitants, it were superfluous to enumerate his
+many claims to distinction and regret. His learning, his sagacity, his
+exquisite taste, his indefatigable ardour, would have raised to eminence
+a man much less conspicuous by his station in life, by his
+correspondence with the principal literati of Europe, and by the
+attraction and polish of his conversation and manners. Possessing his
+admirable faculties to so venerable an age, we must deplore that a
+gentleman who conferred such honour on our county is removed from that
+learned retirement in which he delighted, and from that enchanting scene
+which, in every sense, he so greatly adorned. He is succeeded in his
+title by his only son, now Sir Robert Price, one of our
+representatives."
+
+Sir Uvedale published the following:
+
+     1. An Essay on the Picturesque, as compared with the Sublime and
+     Beautiful, and on the use of studying pictures for the purpose of
+     improving real landscape, 8vo. 1794. This volume was afterwards
+     published in 1796, in 8vo. with _considerable additions_, and in
+     1798 was published at _Hereford_ a second volume, being an Essay on
+     Artificial Water, an Essay on Decorations near the House, and an
+     Essay on Architecture and Buildings as connected with Scenery.
+
+     2. A Letter to H. Repton, Esq. on the application of the practice
+     and principles of Landscape Painting to Landscape Gardening.
+     Intended as a supplement to the Essays. To which is prefixed Mr.
+     Repton's Letter to Mr. Price. Lond. 1795, 8vo. Second edition,
+     _Hereford_, 1798, 8vo. This is a sportive display of pleasant wit,
+     polished learning, and deep admiration of the great landscape
+     painters. Keen as some of his pages are, and lamenting that there
+     should have been any controversy ("or tilting at each other's
+     breasts,") on the subject of Launcelot Browne's works, "I trust,
+     (says he,) however, that my friends will vouch for me, that
+     whatever sharpness there may be in my style, there is no rancour in
+     my heart." Mr. Repton in his Enquiry into the Changes of Landscape
+     Gardening, acknowledges "the elegant and gentleman-like manner in
+     which Mr. Price has examined my opinions." Indeed, many pages in
+     this present letter shew this.
+
+     3. A Dialogue on the distinct Characters of the Picturesque and the
+     Beautiful, in answer to the objections of Mr. Knight, 1801,
+     8vo.[102]
+
+A general review of Sir Uvedale's ideas on this subject, is candidly
+given by Mr. Loudon at p. 78 of his Encyclop. after a mature study of
+_all_ the modern writers who have endeavoured to form "a taste for the
+harmony and connection of natural scenery." Mr. Loudon farther calls him
+"the great reformer of landscape gardening."
+
+We have to regret, that though so many springs must have cheered the
+long life of Sir Uvedale Price, (and which he calls the _dolce prima
+vera, gioventu dell'anno_, and whose blossoms, flowers, and
+"profusion of fresh, gay, and beautiful colours and sweets," he so
+warmly dwelt on in many of his pages,) and though the number of these
+springs must have nearly equalled those which gilded the days of Lord
+Kames, of the honourable Horace Walpole, of Mr. Gilpin, and of Joseph
+Cradock, Esq. yet we have to regret that his classic pen has presented
+to the public no other efforts of his genius and cultivated taste, than
+the few respectable ones above stated. Had he chose to have indulged his
+own powers in describing what has been done towards "embellishing the
+face of this noble kingdom," (to quote his own words,) we might have
+perused descriptive pages equal to his own critical and refined review
+of Blenheim, or of Powis Castle, and of a character as high and pure, as
+those of Thomas Whateley. In proof of this, we need only refer to many
+pages in his Essays,--not only when he so well paints the charms of
+sequestered nature, whether in its deep recesses, _o'er canopied with
+luscious eglantine_,--in the "modest and retired character of a
+brook,"--the rural simplicity of a cottage, with its lilacs and fruit
+trees, its rustic porch, covered with vine or ivy, but when he dwells on
+the ruins and on "the religious calm" of our abbeys,[103] or on our old
+mansion-houses, with their terraces, their summer-houses covered with
+ivy, and mixed with wild vegetation. And we need farther only to refer
+to those feeling pages in his second volume, where he laments that his
+own youth and inexperience should (in order to follow the silly folly of
+_being in the fashion_,) have doomed to sudden and total destruction an
+old paternal garden, with all its embellishments, and whose destruction
+revives in these pages all the emotions of his youth; and he concludes
+these pages of regret, by candidly confessing, that he gained little but
+"much difficulty, expence and dirt," and that he thus detains his
+readers in relating what so personally concerns himself, "because there
+is nothing so useful to others, however humiliating to ourselves, as
+the frank confession of our errors and of their causes. No man can
+equally with the person who committed them, impress upon others the
+extent of the mischief done, and the regret that follows it." It is
+painful to quit pages so interesting as those that immediately follow
+this quotation.[104]
+
+There are few objects that the enlightened mind of Sir Uvedale has not
+remarked. Take the following as an instance:
+
+"Nothing is so captivating, or seems so much to accord with our ideas of
+beauty, as the smiles of a beautiful countenance; yet they have
+sometimes a striking mixture of the other character. Of this kind are
+those smiles which break out suddenly from a serious, sometimes from
+almost a severe countenance, and which, when that gleam is over, leave
+no trace of it behind--
+
+   _Brief as the lightning in the collied night,
+   That in a spleen unfolds both heaven and earth,
+   And e'er a man has time to say, behold!
+   The jaws of darkness do devour it up._
+
+There is another smile, which seems in the same degree to accord with
+the ideas of beauty only: it is that smile which proceeds from a mind
+full of sweetness and sensibility, and which, when it is over, still
+leaves on the countenance its mild and amiable impression; as after the
+sun is set, the mild glow of his rays is still diffused over every
+object. This smile, with the glow that accompanies it, is beautifully
+painted by Milton, as most becoming an inhabitant of heaven:
+
+   To whom the angel, with a smile that glow'd
+   Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue,
+   Thus answered."
+
+The great object in the above Essays, is to improve the laying out of
+grounds by studying the productions "of those great artists _who have
+most diligently studied the beauties of nature_. On this subject he has
+in these volumes poured forth the effusions of his richly gifted mind,
+in his contemplation of the works of those really great painters, whose
+landscape scenery, from the most rural to the grandest, "have been
+consecrated by long uninterrupted admiration." Instead of the narrow,
+mechanical practice of a few English gardeners, or layers-out of
+grounds, he wishes "the noble and varied works of the eminent painters
+of every age, and of every country, and those of _their_ supreme
+mistress NATURE, should be the great models of imitation."[105] He has
+supported many of his opinions or observations, or embellished or
+enlivened them, by acute allusions, not only to Milton but to
+Shakspeare, whom he calls "that most original creator, and most accurate
+observer."[106]
+
+He has depicted his own mind in p. 378 of the first volume of his
+Essays; for after lamenting that despotic system of improvement which
+demands all to be laid open,--all that obstructs to be levelled to the
+ground,--houses, orchards, gardens, all swept away,--nothing tending to
+humanize the mind--and that a despot thinks every person an intruder who
+enters his domain, wishing to destroy cottages and pathways, and to
+reign alone, he thus proceeds:--"Here I cannot resist paying a tribute
+to the memory of a beloved uncle, and recording a benevolence towards
+all the inhabitants around him, that struck me from my earliest
+remembrance; and it is an impression I wish always to cherish. It seemed
+as if he had made his extensive walks as much for them as for himself;
+they used them as freely, and their enjoyment was his. The village bore
+as strong marks of his and of his brother's attentions (for in that
+respect they appeared to have but one mind), to the comforts and
+pleasures of its inhabitants. Such attentive kindnesses, are amply
+repaid by affectionate regard and reverence; and were they general
+throughout the kingdom, they would do much more towards guarding us
+against democratical opinions
+
+   _Than twenty thousand soldiers, arm'd in proof._
+
+The cheerfulness of the scene I have mentioned, and all the interesting
+circumstances attending it, (so different from those of solitary
+grandeur,) have convinced me, that he who destroys dwellings, gardens
+and inclosures, for the sake of mere extent, and parade of property,
+only extends the bounds of monotony, and of dreary, selfish pride; but
+contrasts those of vanity, amusement and humanity."
+
+One may trace, too, his feeling mind towards the conclusion of his
+second volume, where, after many pleasing pages on the rural scenery of
+cottages, and in hamlets and villages, ("where a lover of humanity may
+find so many sources of amusement and interest,") and on the means of
+embellishing them, "I could wish (says he) to turn the minds of
+improvers from too much attachment to solitary parade, towards objects
+more connected with general habitation and embellishment; ... and it may
+be truly said, that there is no way in which wealth can produce such
+natural unaffected variety, and such interest, as by adorning a real
+village, and promoting the comforts and enjoyments of its inhabitants.
+_Goldsmith_ has most feelingly described (more, I trust, from the warmth
+of a poetical imagination and quick sensibility than from real fact),
+the ravages of wealthy pride. My aim is to shew, that they are no less
+hostile to real taste, than to humanity; and should I succeed, it is
+possible that those, whom all the affecting images and pathetic touches
+of Goldsmith would not have restrained from destroying a village, may
+even be induced to build one, in order to shew their taste in the
+decoration and disposition of village-houses and cottages." After many
+traces of village scenery, he thus proceeds: "The church, together with
+the church-yard, is, on various accounts, an interesting object to the
+villagers of every age and disposition; to the old and serious, as a
+spot consecrated to the purposes of religion, where the living christian
+performs his devotions, and where, after his death, his body is
+deposited near those of his ancestors and departed friends, and
+relations: to the young and thoughtless, as a place where, on the day of
+rest from labour, they meet each other in their holiday clothes; and
+also (what forms a singular contrast with tombs and grave-stones), as
+the place which at their wakes, is the chief scene of their gaiety and
+rural sports." After speaking of the yew, which from the solemnity of
+its foliage, is most suited to church-yards, being as much consecrated
+to the dead as the cypress among the ancients, he says that "there seems
+to be no reason, why in the more southern parts of England, cypresses
+should not be mixed with yews, or why cedars of Libanus, which are
+perfectly hardy, and of a much quicker growth than yews, should not be
+introduced. In high romantic situations, particularly, where the
+church-yard is elevated above the general level, a cedar, spreading his
+branches downwards from that height, would have the most picturesque,
+and at the same time, the most solemn effect."
+
+
+
+
+ADDENDA.
+
+
+Page 5.--I am enabled from Mr. Johnson's lately published History of
+English Gardening, to add a very early tract on that subject, and I take
+the liberty of transcribing his exact words: "A Boke of Husbandry,
+London, 4to. This little work is very rare, being one of the productions
+from the press of Wynkin de Worde. It consists of but twelve leaves, and
+is without date, but certainly was not of a later year than 1500. The
+following extracts explain its nature. 'Here begyneth a treatyse of
+Husbandry which Mayster Groshede somtyme Bysshop of Lyncoln made, and
+translated it out of Frensshe into Englyshe, whiche techeth all maner of
+men to governe theyr londes, tenementes, and demesnes ordinately.'
+
+'Here endeth the Boke of Husbandry, _and of Plantynge, and Graffynge of
+Trees and Vynes_.'"
+
+About the year 1797 the late Mr. Nichols printed the Life of Robert
+_Grosseteste_, the celebrated Bishop of Lincoln. By Samuel Pegge, LL.D.
+With an Account of the Bishop's _Works_, &c. Illustrated with plates of
+his Tomb, Ring, and Crosier. 4to. Price 13s. in boards.
+
+Page 17.--I have in this page alluded to the hard fate of Correggio.
+That my reader may know who he was, let him inspect those pages in vol.
+i. of Sir U. Price's Essays, where he thus concludes a critique on his
+genius: "I believe that if a variety of persons, conversant in painting,
+were asked what pictures (taking every circumstance together) appeared
+to them most beautiful, and had left the softest and most pleasing
+impression,--the majority would fix upon Correggio."
+
+Page 17.--W. Lawson, in the dedication to his New Orchard and Garden,
+gives the name of an author on gardening, whose book I have not met
+with. He dedicates it "to the right worshipfull _Sir Henry Belosses_,"
+and he acknowledges, "1st. the many courtesies you have vouchsaved me.
+2dly. your delightfull skill in matters of this nature. 3dly. the profit
+which I received from your _learned discourse of Fruit-trees_. 4thly.
+your animating and assisting of others to such endeavours. Last of all,
+the rare worke of your owne in this kind, all which to publish under
+your protection, I have adventured as you see." From this it would
+appear, that this "learned discourse" is transfused into the New Orchard
+and Garden. After all, perhaps, this "learned discourse" was merely in
+conversation. At all events, it has recorded the name of Sir Henry as
+warmly devoted to orcharding, or to horticulture. W. Lawson, in his
+preface, dwells upon the praises of this art, "how some, and not a few
+of the best, have accounted it a chiefe part of earthly happinesse to
+have faire and pleasant orchards--how ancient, how profitable, how
+pleasant it is." His fourteenth chapter is On the Age of Fruit-trees.
+After stating that some "shall dure 1000 years," and the age of many of
+the apple-trees in his little orchard, he says: "If my trees be 100
+yeares old, and yet want 200 of their growth before they leave
+increasing, which make 300, then we must needs resolve, that this 300
+yeere are but the third part of a tree's life, because (as all things
+living besides) so trees must have allowed them for their increase one
+third, another third for their stand, and a third part of time also for
+their decay."--"So that I resolve upon good reason, that Fruit-trees
+well ordered, may live and live 1000 yeeres, and beare fruit, and the
+longer, the more, the greater, and the better, because his vigour is
+proud and stronger, when his yeeres are many. You shall see old trees
+put their buds and blossoms both sooner and more plentifully than young
+trees by much. And I sensibly perceive my young trees to inlarge their
+fruit, as they grow greater, both for number, and greatnesse."--"And if
+Fruit-trees last to this age, how many ages is it to be supposed, strong
+and huge Timber-trees will last? whose huge bodies require the yeeres of
+divers _Methushalaes_, before they end their days; whose sap is strong
+and better, whose barke is hard and thicke, and their substance solid
+and stiffe: all which are defences of health and long life. Their
+strength withstands all forcible winds." His seventeenth chapter is on
+the Ornaments of an Orchard. I here give the whole of that chapter:
+
+
+"Me thinks hitherto we haue but a bare Orchard for fruit, and but halfe
+good, so long as it wants those comely ornaments, that should giue
+beauty to all our labours, and make much for the honest delight of the
+owner and his friends.
+
+"For it is not to be doubted: but as God hath giuen man things
+profitable, so hath he allowed him honest comfort, delight, and
+recreation in all the workes of his hands. Nay, all his labours vnder
+the sunne without this are troubles, and vexation of mind: For what is
+greedy gaine, without delight, but moyling, and turmoyling slauery? But
+comfortable delight, with content, is the good of euery thing, and the
+patterne of heauen. A morsell of bread with comfort, is better by much
+than a fat oxe with vnquietnesse. And who can deny, but the principall
+end of an Orchard, is the honest delight of one wearied with the works
+of his lawfull calling? The very workes of and in an Orchard and Garden,
+are better than the ease and rest of and from other labours. When God
+had made man after his owne image, in a perfect state, and would haue
+him to represent himselfe in authority, tranquillity and pleasure vpon
+the earth, he placed him in Paradise. What was Paradise? but a Garden
+and Orchard of trees and hearbs, full of pleasure? and nothing there but
+delights. The gods of the earth, resembling the great God of heauen in
+authority, maiestie, and abundance of all things, wherein is their most
+delight? and whither doe they withdraw themselues from the troublesome
+affaires of their estate, being tyred with the hearing and iudging of
+litigious Controuersies? choked (as it were) with the close ayres of
+their sumptuous buildings, their stomacks cloyed with variety of
+Banquets, their eares filled and ouerburthened with tedious
+discoursings? whither? but into their Orchards, made and prepared,
+dressed and destinated for that purpose, to renue and refresh their
+sences, and to call home their ouer-wearied spirits. Nay, it is (no
+doubt) a comfort to them, to set open their cazements into a most
+delicate Garden and Orchard, whereby they may not onely see that,
+wherein they are so much delighted, but also to giue fresh, sweet, and
+pleasant ayre to their galleries and chambers.
+
+"And looke, what these men do by reason of their greatnes and ability,
+prouoked with delight, the same doubtlesse would euery of vs doe, if
+power were answerable to our desires, whereby we shew manifestly, that
+of all other delights on earth, they that are taken by Orchards, are
+most excellent, and most agreeing with nature.
+
+"For whereas euery other pleasure commonly filles some one of our
+sences, and that onely, with delight, this makes all our sences swimme
+in pleasure, and that with infinite variety, ioyned with no less
+commodity.
+
+"That famous philosopher, and matchlesse orator, M. T. C. prescribeth
+nothing more fit, to take away the tediousnesse and heauy load of three
+or foure score yeeres, than the pleasure of an Orchard.
+
+"What can your eyes desire to see, your ears to hear, your mouth to
+tast, or your nose to smell, that is not to be had in an Orchard, with
+abundance and variety? What more delightsome than an infinite variety of
+sweet smelling flowers? decking with sundry colours, the greene mantle
+of the earth, vniuersall mother of vs all, so by them bespotted, so
+dyed, that all the world cannot sample them, and wherein it is more fit
+to admire the Dyer, than imitate his workemanship. Colouring not onely
+the earth, but decking the ayre, and sweetning euery breath and spirit.
+
+"The rose red, damaske, veluet, and double double prouince rose, the
+sweet muske rose, double and single, the double and single white rose.
+The faire and sweet senting Woodbinde, double and single, and double
+double. Purple cowslips, and double cowslips, and double double
+cowslips. Primerose double and single. The violet nothing behinde the
+best, for smelling sweetly. A thousand more will prouoke your content.
+
+"And all these, by the skill of your gardner, so comely, and orderly
+placed in your borders and squares, and so intermingled, that none
+looking thereon, cannot but wonder, to see, what Nature corrected by Art
+can doe.
+
+"When you behold in diuers corners of your Orchard Mounts of stone, or
+wood curiously wrought within and without, or of earth couered with
+fruit-trees: Kentish cherry, damsons, plummes, &c. with staires of
+precious workmanship. And in some corner (or moe) a true dyall or
+Clocke, and some anticke workes, and especially siluer-sounding musique,
+mixt instruments and voices, gracing all the rest: How will you be rapt
+with delight?
+
+"Large walkes, broad and long, close and open, like the Tempe groves in
+Thessalie, raised with grauell and sand, hauing seats and bankes of
+cammomile, all this delights the minde, and brings health to the body.
+
+"View now with delight the workes of your owne hands, your fruit-trees
+of all sorts, loaden with sweet blossomes, and fruit of all tasts,
+operations, and colours: your trees standing in comely order which way
+soeuer you looke.
+
+"Your borders on euery side hanging and drooping with feberries,
+raspberries, barberries, currens, and the rootes of your trees powdred
+with strawberries, red, white, and greene, what a pleasure is this? Your
+gardner can frame your lesser wood to the shape of men armed in the
+field, ready to giue battell: or swift running greyhounds: or of well
+sented and true running hounds, to chase the deere, or hunt the hare.
+This kind of hunting shall not waste your corne, nor much your coyne.
+
+"Mazes well framed a mans height, may perhaps make your friends wander
+in gathering of berries, till he cannot recouer himselfe without your
+helpe.
+
+"To haue occasion to exercise within your Orchard: it shall be a
+pleasure to haue a bowling alley, or rather (which is more manly, and
+more healthfull) a paire of buts, to stretch your armes.
+
+"Rosemary and sweete eglantine are seemely ornaments about a doore or
+window, and so is woodbinde.
+
+"And in mine opinion, I could highly commend your Orchard, if either
+through it, or hard by it there should runne a pleasant riuer with
+siluer streames: you might sit in your mount, and angle a pickled trout,
+or sleightie eele, or some other dainty fish. Or moats, whereon you
+might row with a boate, and fish with nettes.
+
+"Store of bees in a dry and warme bee-house, comely made of fir-boords,
+to sing, and sit, and feede vpon your flowers and sprouts, make a
+pleasant noyse and sight. For cleanely and innocent bees, of all other
+things, loue and become, and thriue in an Orchard. If they thriue (as
+they must needes, if your gardner bee skilfull, and loue them: for they
+loue their friends, and hate none but their enemies) they will, besides
+the pleasure, yeeld great profit, to pay him his wages. Yea, the
+increase of twenty stockes or stooles, with other fees, will keepe your
+Orchard.
+
+"You need not doubt their stings, for they hurt not whom they know, and
+they know their keeper and acquaintance. If you like not to come amongst
+them, you need not doubt them: for but neere their store, and in their
+owne defence, they will not fight, and in that case onely (and who can
+blame them?) they are manly, and fight desperately. Some (as that
+Honorable Lady at Hacknes, whose name doth much grace mine Orchard) vse
+to make seats for them in the stone wall of their Orchard, or Garden,
+which is good, but wood is better.
+
+"A vine ouer-shadowing a seate, is very comely, though her grapes with
+vs ripe slowly.
+
+"One chiefe grace that adornes an Orchard, I cannot let slip: A brood of
+nightingales, who with their seuerall notes and tunes, with a strong
+delightsome voyce, out of a weake body, will beare you company night and
+day. She loues (and liues in) hots of woods in her hart. She will helpe
+you to cleanse your trees of caterpillars, and all noysome wormes and
+flyes. The gentle robin red-breast will helpe her, and in winter in the
+coldest stormes will keepe a part. Neither will the silly wren be behind
+in summer, with her distinct whistle (like a sweete recorder) to cheere
+your spirits.
+
+"The black-bird and threstle (for I take it the thrush sings not, but
+deuoures) sing loudly in a May morning, delights the eare much (and you
+neede not want their company, if you haue ripe cherries or berries, and
+would as gladly as the rest do you pleasure:) But I had rather want
+their company than my fruit.
+
+"What shall I say? A thousand of pleasant delightes are attendant in an
+Orchard: and sooner shall I be weary, than I can recken the least part
+of that pleasure, which one that hath and loues an Orchard, may find
+therein.
+
+"What is there of all these few that I haue reckoned, which doth not
+please the eye, the eare, the smell, and taste? And by these sences as
+organes, pipes, and windowes, these delights are carried to refresh the
+gentle, generous, and noble mind.
+
+"To conclude, what ioy may you haue, that you liuing to such an age,
+shall see the blessings of God on your labours while you liue, and
+leaue behind you to heires or successors (for God will make heires) such
+a worke, that many ages after your death, shall record your loue to
+their countrey? And the rather, when you consider (chap. 14.) to what
+length of time your worke is like to last."
+
+Page 30.--Having briefly glanced in this page at the delight with which
+Sir H. Davy, Mr. Worlidge, and Mr. Whateley, viewed the flowers of
+spring, I can only add this reflection of Sturm:--"If there were no
+stronger proofs on earth of the power, goodness, and wisdom of God, the
+flowers of spring alone, would be sufficient to convince us of it."
+
+Page 45.--The character of this modest and candid man, (Switzer), has
+found an able advocate in the honest pen of Mr. Johnson, who, in p. 159
+of his History of Gardening, after noticing the acrimony of his
+opponents, observes, "Neglect has pursued him beyond the grave, for his
+works are seldom mentioned or quoted as authorities of the age he lived
+in. To me he appears to be the best author of his time; and if I was
+called upon to point out the classic authors of gardening, _Switzer_
+should be one of the first on whom I would lay my finger. His works
+evidence him at once to have been a sound, practical horticulturist, a
+man well versed in the botanical science of the day, in its most
+enlarged sense." Mr. Johnson enumerates the distinct contents of each
+chapter in the Iconologia--the Kitchen Gardener--and the Fruit Gardener.
+
+Page 59.--The Tortworth Chesnut was growing previous to the Norman
+Conquest. It fixes the boundary of a manor. Even in the reign of
+Stephen, it was known as the great chesnut of Tortworth.
+
+Page 62.--The author of this treatise, who is a zealous orchardist, is
+lavish in his praise of a then discovered apple-tree and its produce,
+"for the little cot-house to which it belongs, together with the little
+quillet in which it stands, being several years since mortgaged for ten
+pounds, the fruit of this tree alone, in a course of some years, freed
+the house and garden, and its more valuable self, from that burden." A
+neighbouring clergyman, too, was equally lavish, for he "talked of it in
+all conversations," and such was his praise of it, that every one "fell
+to admiration." Mr. Stafford is so pleased with this reverend
+gentleman's zeal, in extending the cultivation of this apple, (_the
+Royal Wilding_) that he says, "I could really wish, whenever the
+original tree decayeth, his statue carved out of the stump, by the most
+expert hand, and overlaid with gold, may be erected near the public
+road, in the place of it, at the common charge of the country." He
+celebrates also another apple, which "in a pleasant conversation was
+named by a gentleman _super-celestial_. Another gentleman, in allusion
+to _Pynes_, the name of my house, and to the common story of the West
+India pineapple, (which is said to be the finest fruit in the world, and
+to represent every exquisite flavour that is known), determined that it
+should be called the _pyne-apple_; and by either of these names it is
+talked of when pleasantry and conversation bring the remembrance of it
+to the table."
+
+Page 64.--It is but justice to Mr. Gibson to say, that in his Fruit
+Gardener, he has entered fully into the merits of Le Genre's _Le maniere
+de cultiver les arbres fruitiers_; and that his pages are extremely
+interesting. The great merits of Quintinye are also not overlooked.
+
+Page 84.--To the list of those deceased authors, whose portraits I have
+not been able to discover, I must add the following:
+
+
+JOHN BRADDICK, Esq. A zealous horticulturist and fruit grower. He
+contributed four papers to the Horticultural Society of London. In the
+Gardener's Mag. for Jan. 1827, is a communication by him, on some new
+French pears. The editor of this magazine acknowledges "the very liberal
+and truly patriotic manner in which our highly-valued correspondent
+shares every novelty he receives with those whose interest it is to
+increase and disseminate such novelties." In the above magazine for
+March, 1827, is another spirited communication by him, on these new
+pears, introduced from France, in which he says:--"And here I think it
+necessary to premise, that the following list is the cream skimmed off
+some thousands of new pears, which I have for many years past been
+getting together from various parts of the world, about two-thirds of
+which yet remain for trial, not having fruited, together with some
+thousands of seedling pears, apples, plums, cherries, apricots, peaches
+and grapes, of my own raising; the fruits of some of which I hope will
+continue to gladden the hearts of horticulturists for many years to
+come. As they are produced I will make them known to the public, with as
+much facility as lies in my power.
+
+"_Boughton Mount, July 29, 1826._"
+
+One is sorry to relate, that Mr. Braddick died soon after this
+benevolent wish; for he died at the above seat of his, near Maidstone,
+in April, 1828, at the age of sixty-three.
+
+Page 120.--Dr. Dibdin thus speaks of Archibald Alison: "The beautiful
+and melodious style of this writer, renders his works deserving of a
+conspicuous place in every well-chosen library."
+
+Page 89.--In this page I have stated that Dr. Dibdin says, "on many
+accounts does G. Markham seem entitled to more notice and commendation."
+I have given extracts from his "English Husbandman," to shew his love
+for flowers. The same attachment is visible where he enumerates them in
+his "Country House-wive's Garden."--By the bye, though I have stated
+this last work to be his, it surely appears to have been written by W.
+Lawson. I merely now give the following extract from Markham's "English
+House-Wife:"
+
+"Next vnto this sanctity and holinesse of life, it is meet that our
+English hous-wife be a woman of great modesty and temperance as well
+inwardly as outwardly; inwardly, as in her behauiour and cariage towards
+her husband, wherein she shall shunne all violence of rage, passion, and
+humour, coueting lesse to direct then to be directed, appearing euer
+vnto him pleasant, amiable, and delightfull, and though occasion,
+mishaps, or the misgouernement of his will may induce her to contrary
+thoughts, yet vertuously to suppresse them, and with a mild sufferance
+rather to call him home from his error, then with the strength of anger
+to abate the least sparke of his euill, calling in her mind that euill
+and vncomely language is deformed though vttered euen to seruants, but
+most monstrous and vgly when it appeares before the presence of a
+husband: outwardly, as in her apparrell and diet, both which she shall
+proportion according to the competency of her husband's estate and
+calling, making her circle rather strait then large, for it is a rule if
+we extend to the vttermost, we take away increase, if we goe a hayre
+breadth beyond, we enter into consumption: but if we preserue any part,
+we build strong forts against the aduersaries of fortune, prouided that
+such preseruation be honest and conscionable: for a lauish prodigality
+is brutish, so miserable couetuousnesse is hellish. Let therefore the
+hus-wives garments be comly and strong, made aswel to preserue the
+health, as adorne the person, altogether without toyish garnishes, or
+the glosse of light colours, and as far from the vanity of new and
+fantastick fashions, as neere to the comly imitations of modest
+matrons."
+
+I must give an extract from his "Country Contentements," as he reminds
+us of Shakspeare's lines on the tuneable cry of hounds; for Markham
+dwells on their sweetness of cry--"their deepe solemne mouthes--their
+roaring and loud ringing mouthes, which must beare the counter-tenor,
+then some hollow plaine sweete mouthes--a deep-mouthed dog--a couple or
+two of small singing beagles, which as small trebles, may warble amongst
+them: the cry will be a great deale the more sweeter--the hollow deepe
+mouth--the loud clanging mouthe--deepe flewed, such as for the most part
+your _Shropshire_ and pure _Worcestershire_ dogs are--the louder and
+pleasanter your cry will be, especially if it be in sounding tall woods,
+or under the echo of rocks--and not above one couple of roarers, which
+being heard but now and then, as at the opening or hitting of a scent,
+will give much sweetnesse to the solemns, and gravenesse of the cry, and
+the musick thereof will bee much more delightfull to the eares of every
+beholder."
+
+Page 123.--The memory of Pope has perhaps never been more affectionately
+honoured (nor that of Lord Mendip, who so zealously preserved every part
+of the house and garden at Twickenham) than in the glowing and tender
+lines of De Lille, in his poem of _Les Jardins_.
+
+The vignette in my title-page, and that at page 84, are two of those
+neat decorations which so profusely embellish the Encyclopaedia of
+Gardening.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+
+A.
+
+   Abercrombie, 153
+
+   Addison, xxviii., xxxii., 49, 115
+     ---- reflections on the tombs, 117
+
+   Age of gardeners and horticulturists, 81
+
+   Alison, Dr. xxxviii., 71, 120, 211
+
+   Anderson, 69, 175
+
+   Ardenne, J. P. de, his charity, xiv.
+
+   Arabian literature, 2
+
+   Argyle, xxviii.
+
+   Argenville, xiii.
+
+   Arnauld d'Andelli, xiii.
+
+   Arnolde's Chronicle, 5
+
+   Astrology, 34
+
+   Austen, Ralph, 18
+
+   Austin, Fr., 19
+
+
+   B.
+
+   Bacon, Lord, on flowers that perfume the air, xxx., xxxv., 55
+     ---- eulogies on him, 88
+     ---- on Gorhambury, 88
+
+   Banks, Sir Jos., 4, 181, 187
+
+   Barrington, Daines, 156, 177
+
+   Bates, an aged horticulturist, 82
+
+   Bauhine, 44
+
+   Beale, Dr. John, vi., 16, 17, 20, 21, 54
+     ---- his attachment to his native country, 23
+
+   Belosses, Sir H. 202
+
+   Bees, on, by an Italian, 85
+
+   Bernazzano, his skill in painting fruit, 56
+
+   Bertholan, xviii.
+
+   Bertrand, Fr., his _Ruris Deliciae_, xiv.
+
+   Blake, 19
+
+   Blythe, Walter, 8, 88
+
+   Bobart, 108
+
+   Boileau, tributes to, xxiii. 56
+
+   Bonfeil, 19
+
+   Bornefond, x.
+
+   Bos, the eminent painter, 56
+
+   Bossuet, xxv.
+
+   Boswell, 178
+
+   Boyceau, ix.
+
+   Bowles, Rev. Mr. his kind apostrophe to Lord Byron, 130
+
+   Boyle, his character, by Boerhaave, 21
+
+   Bradley, reprints the _Herefordshire Orchards_, 54
+     ---- on the planting of wild flowers, 54
+
+   Braddick, 211
+
+   Bridgman, 129, 132, 135
+
+   Brocoli, 51
+
+   Brocq, P. le, 82
+
+   Brome, W. 22
+
+   Browne, Sir Thomas, 94
+
+   Browne, Launcelot, 154
+
+   Bryant, 79
+
+   Brydges, Sir E. 89, 93
+     ---- on Pope, 131
+
+   Bucknall, 84
+
+   Bulleyn, Dr. 84
+
+   Burleigh, xxvii.
+
+   Bury, Mr. Barclay's, 170
+
+   Byron, Lord, xxxi. 40, 121
+     ---- on Pope, 129
+
+
+   C.
+
+   Capell, xxvii.
+
+   Censura Litt. 6, 12, 15, 16
+
+   Chabanon, xiv.
+
+   Chambers, Sir W. 185
+
+   Champier, viii.
+
+   Charlemagne, xviii.
+
+   Charles II. 96
+
+   Chatham, Lord, xxix., 74
+
+   Chesterfield, xxix.
+     ---- on Pope, 125
+
+   Chesnut tree at Tortworth, 57, 209
+
+   Cicero on agriculture, xxxvi.
+     ---- on his country seat, 3
+
+   Clive, 164
+
+   Cobbet, on the health of gardens, xxxiv.
+     ---- on Moor Park, 112
+
+   Collins, 59
+
+   Collinson, xxviii.
+
+   Compton, Bishop, xxviii., 39
+
+   Cook, Captain, xiv., 171, 183
+
+   Cooke, Moses, 31
+
+   Corregio, his poverty, 17, 202
+
+   Cottage gardens, 171
+
+   Cotton, Charles, 102
+
+   Country life, its pleasures, 48, 49, 63
+
+   Coventry, Rev. F. 63, 135
+
+   Cowell, 62
+
+   Cowley, 46, 93, 100
+
+   Cousin, viii.
+
+   Cowslips, 54, 205
+
+   Cradock, Jos. 179
+
+   Curtis, W. 184
+
+
+   D.
+
+   Dallaway, 94, 135, 173, 176
+
+   Danby, xxviii.
+
+   Daniel, H. 5
+
+   Darwin, 162, 164
+
+   Davy, Sir H. 30, 106
+
+   Death, 47, 58
+
+   Deepden, Mr. Hope's, 170
+
+   De Lille, xiv., xvii., 50, 183, 213
+
+   Descartes, his delight in his garden, xxxv.
+
+   Devonshire, Duke of, xxviii.
+
+   Dicks, 65
+
+   Dickson, 186
+
+   Dibdin, Dr. 17, 89.
+
+   Dodsley, Robert, his attachment to Pope, 125
+     ---- his generous tribute to Shenstone, 148
+
+   Downton Vale, 188
+
+   Drake, Dr. 114, 115, 128
+
+   Drope, 31
+
+   Du Fresnoy, xii.
+
+   Duncan, 81
+
+   Duncan, Dr. A. 190
+
+
+   E.
+
+   Elizabeth, the lion hearted, 103
+
+   Ellis, of _Gaddesden_, on blossoms and fruit, 64
+
+   Epicurus, xxxii.
+
+   Essex, his execution, 103
+     ---- his character, xxvii.
+
+   Etienne, an early French writer, viii.
+
+   Evelyn, John, xxxii., 41, 59, 97
+     ---- Charles, 59
+     ---- John, 59
+
+
+   F.
+
+   Falconer, 183
+
+   Fairchild, 60
+
+   Fleetwood, 114
+
+   Fontaine, xviii.
+
+   Flowers, 25, 27, 54, 90, 95, 205
+
+   Forsyth, 186
+
+   Foxley, 191
+
+   France, its horticultural writers, see preface
+
+   Francis I., xix.
+
+   Franklin, rancorously attacked by Wedderburn, and panegyrised by
+     Lord Chatham, 73, 74
+
+   Fresnoy, xii.
+
+   Fruit blossoms, 41, 53, 64, 121
+
+   Fulmer, 79
+
+
+   G.
+
+   Gainsborough, Earl of, xxix.
+
+   Gardeners, the age of many, 81
+
+   Gardens, their pleasures, see preface, and 24, 27, 28, 30, 39, 47,
+     63, 64, 89, 110, 121, 153
+     ---- those of antiquity, 1
+     ---- those of the Saxons, Danes and Normans, xxxv., xxxvi.
+     ---- near Spitalfields, 36
+     ---- of France, see preface
+     ---- of cottagers, 171
+
+   Gardiner, J. 109
+
+   Garrick, 137, 158, 172, 178, 181
+
+   Garrle, Capt. 35
+
+   Garton, 65
+
+   Gerarde, xxx., 15, 87, 123
+
+   Gerard's Bromley, its once noble mansion, 23, 107
+
+   Gerard, Lady, an acquaintance of Pope's, 25
+
+   Gibson, J. 33
+
+   Gibson, Dr. 67, 210
+     ---- on the richness of a fruit garden, 64
+
+   Gilbert, 107
+
+   Gilpin, Rev. W., vii. 159, 173
+
+   Girardin entombed Rousseau in his garden, xv.
+     ---- his eloquent effusion to prevent misery, 78
+     ---- on the calm of evening, xv.
+
+   Goldsmith, 199
+
+   Gooche, Barn., 12, 48
+
+   Gouges de Cessieres, xiv.
+
+   Graves, Dr., his tribute to Shenstone, 149
+
+   Gray, 80, 129, 158, 159
+
+   Greeks, 107, 194
+
+   Grindall, xxviii.
+
+   Grossetete, Bishop, 201
+
+
+   H.
+
+   Halifax, xxviii.
+
+   Hanbury, Rev. W., 143
+
+   Hartlib, the friend of Milton, 19
+     ---- on orchards, 21
+
+   Harward, 17
+
+   Hawkins, Sir J. 8, 102, 103
+
+   Haworth, Mr. on Miller, 141
+
+   Heath, Mr. of Monmouth, 171
+
+   Heeley, 79
+
+   Henry IV. patronised Olivier de Serres and Mollet, xiv.
+
+   Hereford, its orchards and villages, 23
+
+   Hill, Sir John, 141
+
+   Hitt, 65, 138
+
+   Hogarth, 56
+
+   Hollar, his portraits of the Tradescants, 92
+
+   Homer, xxx., 1, 2, 47, 187
+
+   Housewife, an amiable and pleasant one, 212
+
+   Hudson, Lord, xxvii.
+
+   Hyll, 85
+
+
+   I
+
+   Iliffe, 23
+
+
+   J.
+
+   James, 45
+
+   Jones, of Nayland, 61
+
+   Johnson, the editor of Gerarde, 18
+     ---- his testimony to Parkinson, 18
+
+   Jonson, Ben, his eulogy on Lord Bacon, 86
+
+   Johnson, Dr. 48, 70, 114, 116, 154, 178, 179
+     ---- on portraits, vii.
+     ---- on Charles II., 96
+     ---- on Sir T. Browne, 95, 96
+     ---- on Shenstone, 147
+
+   Johnson's Eng. Gardening, xxxv., xxxvi., xxxvii., 83, 84, 85, 88,
+     91, 100, 102, 109, 115, 154,
+   177, 183, 201
+     ---- on Sir W. Temple, 113
+     ---- on Switzer, 209
+
+   Justice, 63, 13
+
+
+   K.
+
+   Kames, 69, 151
+
+   Kennedy, 78
+
+   Kent, 132
+
+   Knowlton, 52, 61
+
+   Knight, R. P. xxvi., 187
+     ---- on the celebration of high mass, 195
+     ---- on listening to professors, 196
+
+   Kyle, 79
+
+
+   L.
+
+   Lamoignon, xxii.
+
+   Langford, 33
+
+   Langley, 142
+
+   Latapie, xvi.
+
+   Lawrence, Ant. 33
+
+   Lawrence, Rev. J. 120
+
+   Lawson, 17, 202, 212
+
+   Leibault, viii.
+
+   Le Maitre, xiii.
+
+   Lestiboudois, his tranquil end, 83
+
+   Lesay de Marnesia, xviii.
+
+   Liger, Louis, x., 42
+
+   Ligne, Prince de, on gardens, xxxiv., 55
+     ---- on De Lille, xiv.
+     ---- on Antoinette, xxxiv.
+     ---- interview with Voltaire, xxxiv.
+     ---- on Milton, 132
+     ---- on Walpole, 177
+
+   Linant, xiii.
+
+   Linnaeus, 139, 167, 171, 192
+
+   Locke, 113
+
+   London and Wise, 35
+
+   Louis, xiv., xx.
+
+   Loudon's Encycl. of Gardening, xi., xii., xviii., xix., xx., xxxvi.,
+     4, 54, 80, 81, 95, 99, 109, 116, 121, 128, 136, 150, 152, 153, 155,
+     157, 170, 184, 194
+     ---- on Whateley, 72
+     ---- on Bacon, 87
+     ---- on Miller, 138
+     ---- on L. Browne, 156
+
+
+   M.
+
+   Maddock, 83
+
+   Maison rustique, viii., 89
+
+   Malherbes, xvi.
+
+   Malthus, D. xv., 78
+
+   Mapes, Walter, the honest chaplain to Henry II. and an admired poet, 170
+
+   Markham, Ger. viii., 88, 211, 213
+
+   Marshall, 79, 117, 150, 157
+
+   Marie Antoinette, xxxiv., 189
+
+   Mary, Queen of Scots, vii., 102
+
+   Martyn, Professor, 185
+     ---- his character of Miller, 138
+
+   Mascall, 84
+
+   Mason, Geo. xxix., 70, 156, 198
+     ---- on Kent, 134
+     ---- on Shenstone, 150
+
+   Mason, Rev. W. xv., xxxii., 111, 157
+     ---- on Pope, 128, 130, 131
+     ---- on Shenstone, 150
+
+   Masson de Blamont, xviii.
+
+   Mathias on Boileau, xxiv.
+     ---- on Pope, 127
+     ---- on Mason, 164
+
+   Mavor, Rev. Mr. 34
+     ---- his admirable edition of Tusser, 6
+
+   Meader, 17
+
+   Meager, Leonard, 34
+
+   Mignon, his skill in painting flowers, 55
+
+   Miller, Phillip, 138
+
+   Milton, 20, 21, 49, 94, 130, 132, 197
+     ---- his great poem now magnificently printing in letters of gold, 133
+
+   Mollet, Andre, ix.
+
+   Mollet, Claude, ix.
+
+   Morell, xiv.
+
+   Morin, the florist, xi.
+
+   Mountmorris, on Sir W. Temple, 111
+
+   Morris, Rev. I. G., his powerful appeal on horticultural pursuits, 122
+
+   Morris, onornamental scenery, 77
+
+   Mountain, Didymus, 12
+
+
+   N.
+
+   Nicol, Walter, 82
+
+   Nichols, John, 54, 60, 110, 121, 143, 174, 178
+     ----his friendship for Mr. Cradock, 180
+
+   Notre, le, tributes to him, xi., xii., xx.
+
+   Nourse, 58
+
+
+   O.
+
+   Ockenden, 65
+
+   Only, Rev. Mr., a lover of gardens, 54
+
+   Opium, 168
+
+   Orchards, 21, 23, 64, 202, 203
+
+   Orrery, Lord, xxvi., 126
+
+
+   P.
+
+   Parkinson, 89, 90
+     ----testimony to his works, 18
+
+   Pastoral Scenes, 30
+
+   Paulmier de Grenlemesnil, viii.
+
+   Percy, Bishop of Dromore, 72
+
+   Pennant, 154
+
+   Petrarch, xxxi.
+     ----his handsome person, vi.
+     ----on his garden, xxxv.
+
+   Plants betray fondness for their native earth, 45
+
+   Planting, on zeal for, 66, 69
+
+   Platt, Sir Hugh, 13
+
+   Plattes, Gabriel, 16
+
+   Plimley, 165
+
+   Pontchateau, his singular history, xiii.
+
+   Pope, xxix., xxxiii., 1, 2, 76, 114, 123, 179, 213
+
+   Pope mentions Lady Gerard, 25
+     ----his noble thought on planting, 68
+
+   Powel, 65
+
+   Preston, its horticult. society, 123
+
+   Price, Sir U. vii., xxvi., 56, 72, 77, 134, 155, 156, 177, 191
+     ----on De Lille, xv.
+     ----his high opinion of Mason, 163
+     ----on the sculpture, poetry, and eloquence of the Greeks, 194
+     ----on Correggio, 202
+
+   Priestley, Dr. on Franklin and Wedderburn, 73
+
+   Primroses, 30, 50, 54, 55
+
+   Pulteney, Dr. 5, 52, 55, 56, 60, 85, 87, 90, 92, 138, 143, 182
+
+
+   Q.
+
+   Quarterly Review, 41, 59, 97, 103, 183
+     ----on Evelyn's _Sylva_, 99
+
+   Quintinye, xi., xx., xxvii., 34, 68
+     ----anecdote of, 67
+     ----attempt to recover his MSS. 68
+
+
+   R.
+
+   Raleigh, xxvii., xxxi., 36, 87
+
+   Rabutin de Bussy, xxii. xxv.
+
+   Rapin, tribute to, xiii.
+     ----on Lamoignon, xxii., xxv.
+
+   Ray, xxix., 71, 88, 94, 109, 139
+
+   Raynal, 128
+
+   Rea, John, his dedication to Lord Gerard, and verses on Lady Gerard, 23
+
+   Read, 33
+
+   Rench, an aged gardener, 82
+
+   Repton, 186, 188
+
+   Reynolds, Sir J. 127, 158
+
+   Richardson, 84
+
+   Rickets, 61
+
+   Riviere, la Countess de, xiii., xiv., xxv.
+
+   Robin, Jean, xix.
+
+   Robinson, Dr. on Mary Queen of Scots, 104
+
+   Roscommon, 48
+
+   Rose, 101
+
+   Rosier, xviii.
+
+   Rousseau, his burial at Ermenonville, xv.
+
+   Russell, Lord W. his love of gardens, xxvii.
+
+   Rutter, 65.
+
+
+   S.
+
+   Salmonia, extracts, from, 30, 107
+
+   Scarborough, xxix.
+
+   Schabol, xvi.
+
+   Scott, Sir W. v., 40, 41, 172
+     ---- on the deaths of _Marat_, and _Robespierre_, xvi.
+     ---- on the garden of _Vanessa_, xxx.
+
+   Scotland, its zeal for planting, 69
+
+   Serres, Olivier de, viii.
+
+   Sevigne, Mad. de, xii., xiv., xx., xxv.
+
+   Seward, Miss, vi., 162, 172
+
+   Sismondi, xix., 3, 107
+     ---- on bees, 86
+
+   Shakspeare, xi., xxxi, 4, 73, 74, 78, 158, 178, 179, 197, 198, 199, 213
+
+   Sharrock, 23
+
+   Shenstone, 147
+
+   Shepherd, Sir Samuel, 41
+
+   Sherard, xxviii.
+
+   Spectacle de la Nature, 95
+
+   Speechley, 81
+
+   Smollet on Chatham, xxix.
+
+   Spring, its beauties, 21, 29, 30, 31, 209
+
+   St. Bartholomew's massacre, viii.
+
+   Stafford, 62, 210
+
+   Sterne, xxvi., 170
+
+   Stillingfleet, Benj. 8, 191
+
+   Stevenson, D. 45
+
+   Stevenson, H. 45
+
+   Stevenson, M. 45
+
+   Sully, ix., 66
+
+   Sun, the, its celestial beams, 48
+
+   Swinden, 78
+
+   Switzer, xxvii., xxxiii., 45, 94, 100, 109, 110, 138, 209
+     ---- his grateful remembrance of his old master, 36, 39, 102
+     ---- his enlarged views of gardening, 49
+     ---- on Rose, 102
+     ---- on Milton, 133
+
+
+   T.
+
+   Taverner, 53
+
+   Taylor, 65
+
+   Temperance, 169, 170
+
+   Temple, Sir W. xxxii., 110
+     ---- on the garden of Epicurus, xxxii.
+
+   Thury, M. le Vic. de, his tribute to Milton, 132
+     ---- on gardens, xxxv. xxxvi.
+
+   Tradescants, 92
+
+   Trowel, 63
+
+   Trees, ancient ones, 33, 46, 49, 50, 57, 142, 151
+
+   Tusser, 6, 13, 34
+
+
+   V.
+
+   Vaniere, tribute to, xiii.
+
+   Van-Huysum, his skill in painting fruit, 56, 156
+
+   Villages, rural, 23, 199
+
+   Vineyard at Bethnal-green, 14
+
+   Violets, xxxi., 30, 50, 55, 205
+
+   Vispre, 157
+
+   Voltaire, xi., xiii., xx., xxxiv., 80
+     ---- his garden interview with the Prince de Ligne, xxxvi.
+
+
+   W.
+
+   Wakefield horticultural soc., 122
+
+   Walpole, Horace, xxix., 1, 80, 91, 163, 176
+     ---- on Sir W. Temple, 112
+     ---- on Kent, 132
+     ---- on Bridgman, 136
+
+   Walpole, Horace, on Browne, 154
+     ---- on Gilpin, 173
+
+   Walton, Isaac, xi., 30, 93, 94, 102, 104
+
+   Warton, Thomas, 6, 8, 10, 72, 143, 161
+
+   Watelet, xvii.
+
+   Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, his zeal for planting, 70
+
+   Watson, Sir W. 93, 142
+
+   Weymouth, Lord, xxviii.
+
+   Weston, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 57, 92
+     ---- his zeal for planting, 66
+
+   Whately, xvi., xviii., 50, 72
+     ---- brief testimonies to his genius, vii., 72, 74, 75, 195
+     ---- on spring, 31
+     ---- his tribute to Shenstone, 150
+
+   Wildman, 65
+
+   Whitmill, 62
+
+   William III. his delight in gardening, xxvii.
+
+   Worlidge, his attachment to gardens, 28
+     ---- on those of France, xxvii.
+     ---- mentions a garden at Hoxton, 61
+
+   Wotton, Sir H. 93
+
+   Wynn, Sir W. W. his zeal for planting, 69
+
+
+   X, Y.
+
+   Xenophon, 198
+
+   Young, Dr. on Pope's death, 131
+
+
+
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+    *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+[1] Few persons have shewn more attachment to family portraits than Miss
+Seward. This is strongly exemplified in several bequests in her will;
+not only in her bequest to Emma Sneyd, and in that to Mrs. Powys, but
+also in the following:--"The miniature picture of my late dear friend,
+Mr. Saville, drawn in 1770, by the late celebrated artist Smart, and
+which at the time it was taken, and during many successive years, was an
+exact resemblance of the original, I bequeath to his daughter, Mrs.
+Smith, who I know will value and preserve it as a jewel above all prize;
+and in case of her previous demise, I bequeath the said precious
+miniature to her daughter, Mrs. Honora Jager, exhorting the said Honora
+Jager, and her heirs, into whose hands soever it may fall, to guard it
+with sacred care from the sun and from damp, as I have guarded it, that
+so the posterity of my valued friend may know what, in his prime, was
+the form of him whose mind through life, by the acknowledgment of all
+who knew him, and could discern the superior powers of talent and
+virtue, was the seat of liberal endowment, warm piety, and energetic
+benevolence."
+
+Being thus on the subject of portraits, let me remark, that it is not
+always that we meet with a faithful likeness. A review of Mad. de
+Genlis's _Petrarch et Laure_, justly observes, that "it is doubtful if
+any of the portraits of _Petrarch_, which still remain, were painted
+during his life-time. However that may be, it is impossible to trace in
+them, either the elevation of his mind, the fire of his imagination, or
+the pensive melancholy of his soul." In the Essays on Petrarch, by Ugo
+Foscolo, he informs us, that "_Petrarch's_ person, if we trust his
+biographers, was so striking with beauties, as to attract universal
+admiration. They represent him with large and manly features, eyes full
+of fire, a blooming complexion, and a countenance that bespoke all the
+genius and fancy that shone forth in his works." Do we yet know one
+really good likeness of _Mary Queen of Scots_?
+
+[2] It has often struck me (perhaps erroneously), that the attachment
+which the great Sully evinced for gardens, even to the last period of
+his long-protracted life, (eighty-two), _might_ in some degree have been
+cherished or increased from the writings of the great Lord Bacon. When
+this illustrious duke retired to his country seats, wounded to the heart
+by the baseness of those who had flattered him when Henry was alive, his
+noble and honest mind indulged in the embellishment of his gardens. I
+will very briefly quote what history relates:--"The life he led in his
+retreat at _Villebon_, was accompanied with grandeur and even majesty,
+such as might be expected from a character so grave and full of dignity
+as his. His table was served with taste and magnificence; he admitted to
+it none but the nobility in his neighbourhood, some of the principal
+gentlemen, and the ladies and maids of honour, who belonged to the
+duchess of Sully. He often went into his gardens, and passing through a
+little covered alley, which separated the flower from the kitchen
+garden, ascended by a stone staircase (which the present duke of Sully
+has caused to be destroyed), into a large walk of linden trees, upon a
+terrace on the other side of the garden. It was then the taste to have a
+great many narrow walks, very closely shaded with four or five rows of
+trees, or palisadoes. Here he used to sit upon a settee painted green,
+amused himself by beholding on the one side an agreeable landscape, and
+on the other a second alley on a terrace extremely beautiful, which
+surrounded a large piece of water, and terminated by a wood of lofty
+trees. There was scarce one of his estates, those especially which had
+castles on them, where he did not leave marks of his magnificence, to
+which he was chiefly incited by a principle of charity, and regard to
+the public good. At _Rosny_, he raised that fine terrace, which runs
+along the Seine, to a prodigious extent, and those great gardens, filled
+with groves, arbours, and grottos, with water-works. He embellished
+_Sully_ with gardens, of which the plants were the finest in the world,
+and with a canal, supplied with fresh water by the little river Sangle,
+which he turned that way, and which is afterwards lost in the Loire. He
+erected a machine to convey the water to all the basons and fountains,
+of which the gardens are full. He enlarged the castle of _La Chapelle
+d'Angillon_, and embellished it with gardens and terraces."
+
+These gardens somewhat remind one of these lines, quoted by Barnaby
+Gooche:
+
+   _Have fountaines sweet at hand, or mossie waters,
+   Or pleasaunt brooke, that passing through the meads, is sweetly seene._
+
+That fine gardens delighted Sully, is evident even from his own
+statement of his visit to the Duke d'Aumale's, at Anet, near Ivry,
+(where Henry and Sully fought in that famous battle), for he says,--"Joy
+animated the countenance of Madame d'Aumale the moment she perceived me.
+She gave me a most kind and friendly reception, took me by the hand, and
+led me through those fine galleries and beautiful gardens, which make
+Anet a most enchanting place." One may justly apply to Sully, what he
+himself applies to the Bishop of Evreaux: "A man for whom eloquence and
+great sentiments had powerful charms."
+
+I had designed some few years ago, to have published a Review of some of
+the superb Gardens in France, during the reign of Henry IV. and during
+the succeeding reigns, till the demise of Louis XV., embellished with
+plates of some of the costly and magnificent decorations of those times;
+with extracts from such of their eminent writers whose letters or works
+may have occasionally dwelt on gardens.--My motto, for want of a better,
+might have been these two lines from Rapin,
+
+   _----France, in all her rural pomp appears
+   With numerous gardens stored._
+
+Perhaps I might have been so greedy and insolent, as to have presumed to
+have monopolized our Shakspeare's line,--"I love _France_ so well, that
+I will not part with a village of it; I will have it all mine."
+
+Isaac Walton gives the following lines from a translation of a German
+poet, which makes one equally fond of England:
+
+   We saw so many woods, and princely bowers,
+   Sweet fields, brave palaces, and stately towers,
+   _So many gardens dress'd with curious care_,
+   That Thames with royal Tiber may compare.
+
+
+
+[3] The Encyclopaedia of Gardening has a rich page (35) devoted to Le
+Notre. The Nouveau Dict. Hist. thus records his genius and his grand and
+magnificent efforts:--"Ce grand homme fut choisi pour decorer les
+jardins du chateau de Vau-le-Vicomte. Il en fit un sejour enchanteur,
+par les ornamens nouveaux, pleins de magnificence, qu'il y prodigua. On
+vit alors, pour la premiere fois, des portiques, des berceaux, des
+grottes, des traillages, des labyrinths, &c. embellir varier le
+spectacle des jardins. Le Roi, temoin des ces merveilles, lui donna la
+direction de tous ses parcs. Il embellit par son art, Versailles,
+Trianon, et il fit a St. Germain cette fameuse terrasse qu'on voit
+toujours avec une nouvelle admiration. Les jardins de Clagny, de
+Chantilly, de St. Cloud, de Meudon, de Sceaux, le parterre du Tibre, et
+les canaux qui ornent ce lieu champetre a Fontainbleau, sont encore son
+ouvrage. Il demanda a faire voyage de l'Italie, dans l'esperance
+d'acquerir de nouvelles connoissances; mais son genie createur l'avoit
+conduit a la perfection. Il ne vit rien de comparable a ce qu'il avoit
+fait en France."
+
+Notwithstanding the above just and high tribute, I have no hesitation in
+saying, that it is not superior to the magic picture which the
+fascinating pen of Mad. de Sevigne has drawn of le Notre's creative
+genius, in her letter of Aug. 7, 1675. Many others of this charming
+woman's letters breathe her love of gardens.
+
+[4] The Nouveau Dict. Hist. thus speaks of the Pere Rapin:--"A un genie
+heureux, a un gout sur, il joignoit une probite exacte, un coeur droit,
+un caractere aimable et des moeurs douces. Il etoit naturellement
+honnete, et il s'etoit encore poli dans le commerce des grands. Parmi
+ses differentes Poesies Latines, on distingue le Poeme des Jardins.
+C'est son chef d'oeuvre; il est digne du siecle d'Auguste, dit l'Abbe
+Des Fontaines, pour l'elegance et la purete du langage, pour l'esprit et
+les graces qui y regnent." Among the letters of Rabutin de Bussy, are
+many most interesting ones from this worthy father.
+
+[5] "Rien n'est plus admirable que la peinture naive que la Pere Vaniere
+fait des amusemens champetres; on est egalement enchante de la richesse
+et de la vivacite de son imagination, de l'eclat et de l'harmonie de sa
+poesie, du choix de la purete de ses expressions. Il mourut a Toulouse
+en 1739, et plusiers poetes ornerent de fleurs son tombeau."--Nouv.
+Dict. Hist.
+
+[6] La Comtesse de la Riviere, thus alludes to this convent: "Madame de
+Sevigne a pour ce monastere une veneration qui est audela de toute
+expression; elle assure qu'on n'approche pas de ce lieu sans sentir au
+dedans de soi une onction divine."
+
+[7] The late Sir U. Price, pays a very high compliment to this exquisite
+poem, in p. 31, vol. i. of his Essays, terming it full of the justest
+taste, and most brilliant imagery.
+
+[8] In the Earl of Harcourt's garden, at Nuneham, in Oxfordshire, (laid
+out in some parts under the eye and fine taste of the poet Mason), on a
+bust of Rousseau are these lines:
+
+   Say, is thy honest heart to virtue warm?
+     Can genius animate thy feeling breast?
+   Approach, behold this venerable form;
+     'Tis Rousseau! let thy bosom speak the rest.
+
+There are attractive pages in this little volume of the Viscount's,
+which would have interested either Shenstone, or Gainsborough,
+particularly the pages 59, 143, 145, and 146, (of Mr. Malthus's
+translation), for in these pages "we feel all the truth and energy of
+nature." A short extract from p. 131, will enable the reader to judge of
+the writer's style:--"When the cool evening sheds her soft and
+delightful tints, and leads on the hours of pleasure and repose, then is
+the universal reign of sublime harmony. It is at this happy moment that
+Claude has caught the tender colouring, the enchanting calm, which
+equally attaches the heart and the eyes; it is then that the fancy
+wanders with tranquillity over distant scenes. Masses of trees through
+which the light penetrates, and under whose foliage winds a pleasant
+path; meadows, whose mild verdure is still softened by the transparent
+shades of the evening; crystal waters which reflect all the near objects
+in their pure surface; mellow tints, and distances of blue vapour; such
+are in general the objects best suited to a western exposure. The sun,
+before he leaves the horizon, seems to blend earth and sky, and it is
+from sky that evening views receive their greatest beauty. The
+imagination dwells with delight upon the exquisite variety of soft and
+pleasing colours, which embellishes the clouds and the distant country,
+in this peaceful hour of enjoyment and contemplation."
+
+[9] He was enthusiastically devoted to the cultivation of his gardens,
+which exhibited enchanting scenery, umbrageous walks, and magnificent
+water-falls. When thus breathing the pure air of rural life, the
+blood-stained monsters of 1793 seized him in his garden, and led him to
+the scaffold. "He heard unmoved his own sentence, but the condemnation
+of his daughter and grand-daughter, tore his heart: the thought of
+seeing two weak and helpless creatures perish, shook his fortitude.
+Being taken back to the _Conciergerie_, his courage returned, and he
+exhorted his children to prepare for death. When the fatal bell rung, he
+recovered all his wonted cheerfulness; having paid to nature the tribute
+of feeling, he desired to give his children an example of magnanimity;
+his looks exhibited the sublime serenity of virtue, and taught them to
+view death undismayed. When he ascended the cart, he conversed with his
+children, unaffected by the clamours of the ferocious populace; and on
+arriving at the foot of the scaffold, took a last and solemn farewell of
+his children; immediately after he was dismissed into eternity."
+
+Sir Walter Scott, after noticing "the wild and squalid features" of
+Marat, who "lay concealed in some obscure garret or cellar, among his
+cut-throats, until a storm appeared, when, like a bird of ill omen, his
+death-screech was again heard," thus states the death of another of the
+murderers of the Malherbes:--"Robespierre, in an unsuccessful attempt to
+shoot himself, had only inflicted a horrible _fracture on his
+under-jaw_. In this situation they were found like wolves in their lair,
+foul with blood, mutilated, despairing, and yet not able to die.
+Robespierre lay on a table in an anti-room, his head supported by a deal
+box, and his hideous countenance half-hidden by a bloody and dirty cloth
+bound round his shattered chin. As the fatal cars passed to the
+guillotine, those who filled them, but especially Robespierre, were
+overwhelmed with execrations. The nature of his previous wound, from
+which the cloth had never been removed till the executioner _tore_ it
+off, added to the torture of the sufferer. The shattered jaw dropped,
+and the wretch yelled aloud, to the horror of the spectators. A mask
+taken from that dreadful head was long exhibited in different nations of
+Europe, and appalled the spectator by its ugliness, and the mixture of
+fiendish expression with that of bodily agony."
+
+Mons. Malherbes loved to relate an answer made to him by a common
+fellow, during his stay at Paris, when he was obliged to go four times
+every day to the prison of the Temple, to attend the king: his extreme
+age did not allow him to walk, and he was compelled to take a carriage.
+One day, particularly, when the weather was intensely severe, he
+perceived, on coming out of the vehicle, that the driver was benumbed
+with cold. "My friend," said Malherbes to him, in his naturally tender
+manner, "you must be penetrated by the cold, and I am really sorry to
+take you abroad in this bitter season."--"That's nothing, M. de
+Malherbes; in such a cause as this, I'd travel to the world's end
+without complaining."--"Yes, but your poor horses could not."--"Sir,"
+replied the honest coachman, "_my horses think as I do_."
+
+[10] I cannot pass by the name of Henry, without the recollection of
+what an historian says of him: "L'Abbe Langlet du Fresnoy a publie
+cinquante-neuf lettres de a bon Roi, dans sa nouvelle edition du Journal
+de Henry III. on y remarque du feu de l'esprit, de l'imagination, et
+sur-tout cette eloquence du coeur, qui plait tout dans un monarque.--On
+l'exortoit a traiter avec rigueur quelques places de la Ligue, qu'il
+avoit redites par la force: _La satisfaction qu'on tire de la vengeance
+ne dure qu'un moment_ (repondit ce prince genereuse) _mais celle qu'on
+tire de la clemence est eternelle_. Plus on connoitre Henri, plus on
+l'aimera, plus on l'admiriroet."
+
+[11] The king, knowing his fine taste for sculpture and painting, sent
+him to Italy, and the Nouv. Dict. Hist. gives this anecdote: "La Pape
+instruit de son merite, voulut le voir, et lui donna une assez longue
+audience, sur la fin de laquelle le Notre s'ecria en s'adressant au
+Pape: J'ai vu les plus grands hommes du monde, Votre Saintete, et le Roi
+mon maitre. Il y a grande difference, dit le Pape; le Roi est un grand
+prince victorieux, je suis un pauvre pretre serviteur des serviteurs de
+Dieu. Le Notre, charme de cette reponse, oublia qui la lui faisoit, et
+frappant sur l'epaule du Pape lui repondit a son tour: Mon Reverend
+Pere, vous vous portez bien et vous enterrerez tout la Sacre College. Le
+Pape, qui entendoit le Francois, rit du pronostic. Le Notre, charme de
+plus en plus de sa bonte, et de l'estime particuliere qu'il temoignoit
+pour le Roi, se jeta au cou du Pape et l'embrassa. C'etoit au reste sa
+coutume d'embrasser tous ceux qui publioient les louanges de Louis XIV.,
+et il embrassoit le Roi lui-meme, toutes les fois que ce prince revenoit
+de la campagne."
+
+[12] I will conclude by mentioning a justly celebrated man, who, it
+seems was not over fond of his garden, though warmly attached both to
+Boileau, and to Mad. de Sevigne,--I mean that most eloquent preacher
+Bossuet, of whom a biographer, after stating that he was so absorbed in
+the study of the ancient fathers of the church, "qu'il ne se permettoit
+que des delassemens fort courts. Il ne se promenoit que rarement meme
+dans son jardin. Son jardinier lui dit un jour: _Si je plantois des
+Saint Augustins, et des Saint Chrysostomes, vous les viendriez voir;
+mais pour vos arbres, vous ne vous en souciez guere_."
+
+[13] Mr. Worlidge, who wrote during part of the reigns of Charles II.
+and James II. judiciously observes, that "the glory of the French
+palaces, often represented to our English eyes in sculpture, are adorned
+_with their beauteous gardens before them_; which wanting, they would
+seem without lustre or grandeur."
+
+[14] He was fined L30,000 for having taken a favourite of the king's, in
+the very presence chamber, by the nose, for having insulted him, and
+afterwards dragging him out of the room.
+
+[15] It was to this nobleman, that Addison addressed his elegant and
+sublime epistle, after he had surveyed with the eyes and genius of a
+classical poet, the monuments and heroic deeds of ancient Rome.
+
+[16] Lord Chesterfield thus speaks of this distinguished man:--"His
+private life was stained by no vices, nor sullied by any meanness. His
+eloquence was of every kind; but his invectives were terrible, and
+uttered with such energy of diction and countenance, that he intimidated
+those who were the most willing and the best able to encounter him." Sir
+W. Chatham Trelawney used to observe of him, that it was impossible for
+the members of the side opposed to him in the House of Commons to look
+him in the face when he was warmed in debate: he seemed to bid them all
+a haughty defiance. "For my own part," said Trelawney, "I never dared
+cast my eyes towards his, for if I did, _they nailed me to the floor_."
+
+Smollet says, that he displayed "such irresistible energy of argument,
+and such power of elocution, as struck his hearers with astonishment and
+admiration. It flashed like the lightning of heaven against the
+ministers and sons of corruption, blasting where it smote, and withering
+the nerves of opposition; but his more substantial praise was founded
+upon his disinterested integrity, his incorruptible heart, his
+unconquerable spirit of independance, and his invariable attachment to
+the interest and liberty of his country." Another biographer thus
+mentions him:--"His elevated aspect commanded the awe and mute attention
+of all who beheld him, whilst a certain grace in his manner, conscious
+of all the dignities of his situation, of the solemn scene he acted in,
+as well as his own exalted character, seemed to acknowledge and repay
+the respect he received; his venerable form, bowed with infirmity and
+age, but animated by a mind which nothing could subdue; his spirit
+shining through him, arming his eye with lightning, and cloathing his
+lips with thunder; or, if milder topics offered, harmonizing his
+countenance in smiles, and his voice in softness, for the compass of his
+powers was infinite. As no idea was too vast, no imagination too
+sublime, for the grandeur and majesty of his manner; so no fancy was too
+playful, nor any allusion too comic, for the ease and gaiety with which
+he could accommodate to the occasion. But the character of his oratory
+was dignity; this presided in every respect, even to his sallies of
+pleasantry."
+
+[17] Sir Walter Scott's attachment to gardens, breaks out even in his
+Life of Swift, where his fond enquiries have discovered the sequestered
+and romantic garden of _Vanessa_, at Marley Abbey.
+
+[18] So thought Sir W. Raleigh;
+
+   Sweet violets, love's paradise, that spread
+     Your gracious odours ...
+   Upon the gentle wing of some calm-breathing wind,
+       That plays amidst the plain.
+
+The lines in Twelfth Night we all recollect:
+
+   That strain again;--it had a dying fall:
+   O, it came o'er my ear like the sweet south
+   That breathes upon a bank of _violets_,
+   Stealing and giving odour.
+
+That these flowers were the most favourite ones of Shakspeare, there can
+be little doubt--Perditta fondly calls them
+
+   ----sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes
+   Or Cytherea's breath.
+
+When Petrarch first saw Laura: "elle avail une robe verte, sa coleur
+favorite, parsemee de _violettes_, la plus humble des fleurs."--Childe
+Harold thus paints this flower:
+
+   The sweetness of the violet's deep blue eyes
+   (Kiss'd by the breath of heaven) seems colour'd by its skies.
+
+
+
+[19] One almost fancies one perceives Lord Bacon's attachment to
+gardens, or to rural affairs, even in the speech he made before the
+nobility, when first taking his seat in the High Court of Chancery; he
+hoped "that these same _brambles_ that _grow_ about justice, of needless
+charge and expence, and all manner of exactions, might be rooted out;"
+adding also, that immediate and "_fresh_ justice was the _sweetest_."
+Mr. Mason, in a note to his English Garden, after paying a high
+compliment to Lord Bacon's picturesque idea of a garden, thus concludes
+that note:--"Such, when he descended to matters of more elegance (for,
+when we speak of Lord Bacon, to treat of these was to descend,) were the
+amazing powers of this universal genius."
+
+[20] Mr. Pope's delight in gardens, is visible even in the condensed
+allusion he makes to them, in a letter to Mr. Digby; "I have been above
+a month strolling about in Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire, from garden
+to garden, but still returning to Lord Cobham's, with fresh
+satisfaction. I should be sorry to see my Lady Scudamore's, till it has
+had the full advantage of Lord Bathurst's improvements."
+
+[21] A biographer thus speaks of the Prince de Ligne: "Quand les rois se
+reunirent a Vienne en 1814, ils se firent tous un devoir de l'accuellier
+avec distinction, et furent enchante de la vivacite de son esprit, et de
+son intarissable gaiete, qui malgre ses infirmites et son grand age, ne
+l'avoit pasencore abandonne. Ses saillies, et ses bon mots etoient comme
+autrefois repetes pour tous." His generous heart thus speaks of the
+abused and unfortunate Marie Antoinette:--"The breath of calumny has not
+even respected the memory of the loveliest and best of women, of whose
+spotless heart and irreproachable conduct, no one can bear stronger
+evidence than I. Her soul was as pure as her face was fair; yet neither
+virtue nor beauty could save the victim of sanguinary liberty." In
+relating this (says his biographer), his voice faultered, and his eyes
+were suffused with tears. He thus briefly states, with his usual humour
+and vivacity, his conversation with Voltaire as to the garden at Ferney:
+
+_P. de L._--Monsieur, Monsieur, cela doit vous coupe beaucoup, quel
+charmant jardin!
+
+_Volt._--Oh! mon jardinier est un bete: c'est moi meme qui ait fait
+tout.
+
+_P. de L._--Je le croi.
+
+[22] Monsieur Thomas, in his eulogy of Descartes says, it should have
+been pronounced at the foot of Newton's statue: or rather, Newton
+himself should have been his panegyrist. Of this eulogy, Voltaire, in a
+most handsome letter to Mons. Thomas, thus speaks:--"votre ouvrage
+m'enchante d'un bout a l'autre, et Je vais le relire des que J'aurai
+dicte ma lettre." The sleep and expanding of flowers are most
+interestingly reviewed by Mr. Loudon in p. 187 of his Encyclop., and by
+M. V. H. de Thury, in the above discourse, a few pages preceding his
+seducing description of the magnificent garden of M. de Boursault.
+
+So late ago as the year 1804 it was proposed at Avignon, to erect an
+obelisk in memory of Petrarch, at Vaucluse: "il a ete decide, qu'on
+l'elevera, vis-avis _l'ancien jardin_ de Petrache, lieu ou le lit de
+sorgue forme un angle."
+
+[23] This garden (as Mr. Walpole observes) was planted by the poet,
+enriched by him with the fairy gift of eternal summer.
+
+[24] Mr. Pope thus mentions the vines round this cave:--
+
+   Depending vines the shelving cavern skreen,
+   With purple clusters blushing through the green.
+
+
+
+[25] Nearly eight pages of Mr. Loudon's Encyclop. are devoted to a very
+interesting research on the gardens of the Romans. Sir Joseph Banks has
+a paper on the Forcing Houses of the Romans, with a list of Fruits
+cultivated by them, now in our gardens, in vol. 1 of the _Hort. Trans._
+
+[26] Dr. Pulteney gives a list of several manuscripts in the Bodleian
+Library, the writers of which are unknown, and the dates not precisely
+determined, but supposed to have been written, if not prior to the
+invention of printing, at least before the introduction of that art into
+England. I select the two following.--
+
+No. 2543. De Arboribus, Aromatis, et _Floribus_.
+
+No. 2562. Glossarium Latino-anglicum Arborum, _Fructuum_, Frugam, &c.
+
+And he states the following from Bib. S. Petri Cant:--
+
+No. 1695. Notabilia de Vegetabilibus, et Plantis.
+
+Dr. Pulteney observes, that the above list might have been considerably
+extended, but that it would have unnecessarily swelled the article he
+was then writing.
+
+The Nouv. Dict. Hist. mentions a personage whose attachment to his
+garden, and one of whose motives for cultivating that garden, does not
+deserve a notice:--"Attale III. Roi de Pergame, fils de Stratonice,
+soulla la throne en repandant le sang de ses amis et de sea parens. Il
+abandonna ensuite le soin de ses affaires _pour s'occuper entirement de
+son jardin_. Il y cultivoit des poisons, tels que l'aconit et la cigue,
+qu'il envoyoit quelque fois en present a ses amis. Il mourut 133 ans
+avant Jesus Christ."
+
+[27] To have completed the various contrasting vicissitudes of this poor
+_Suffolk_ farmer's life, he should have added to his other employments,
+those of another _Suffolk_ man, the late W. Lomax, who had been
+_grave-digger_ at the pleasant town of Bury St. Edmund's, for thirty-six
+years, and who, also, for a longer period than thirty-six years, had
+been a _morrice-dancer_ at all the elections for that borough.
+
+[28] Gerarde, speaking of good sorts of apples and pears, thus mentions
+the above named _Pointer_:--"Master Richard Pointer has them all growing
+in his ground at Twickenham, near London, who is a most cunning and
+curious grafter and planter of all manner of rare fruits; and also in
+the ground of an excellent grafter and painful planter, Master Henry
+Bunbury, of Touthil-street, near unto Westminster; and likewise in the
+ground of a diligent and most affectionate lover of plants, Master
+Warner, neere Horsely Down, by London; and in divers other grounds about
+London."
+
+[29] The fate of this poor man reminds one of what is related of
+Corregio:--"He received from the mean canons of Parma, for his
+Assumption of the Virgin, the small pittance of two hundred livres, and
+it was paid him in copper. He hastened with the money to his starving
+family; but as he had six or eight miles to travel from Parma, the
+weight of his burden, and the heat of the climate, added to the
+oppression of his breaking heart, a pleurisy attacked him, which, in
+three days, terminated his existence and his sorrows in his fortieth
+year."
+
+If one could discover a portrait of either of the authors mentioned in
+the foregoing list, one might, I think, inscribe under each of such
+portraits, these verses:
+
+   Ce pourtrait et maint liure
+   Par le peintre et l'escrit,
+   Feront reuoir et viure
+   Ta face et ton esprit.
+
+They are inscribed under an ancient portrait, done in 1555, which Mr.
+Dibdin has preserved in his account of Caen, and which he thus
+introduces: "As we love to be made acquainted with the _persons_ of
+those from whom we have received instruction and pleasure, so take,
+gentle reader, a representation of Bourgueville."
+
+[30] "Mr. John Parkinson, an apothecary of this city, (yet living, and
+labouring for the common good,) in the year 1629, set forth a work by
+the name of _Paradisus Terrestris_, wherein he gives the figures of all
+such plants as are preserved in gardens, for the beauty of their
+flowers, in use in meats or sauces; and also an orchard for all trees
+bearing fruit, and such shrubs as for their beauty are kept in orchards
+and gardens, with the ordering, planting, and preserving of all these.
+In this work he hath not superficially handled these things, but
+accurately descended to the very varieties in each species, wherefore I
+have now and then referred my reader, addicted to these delights, to
+this work, especially in flowers and fruits, wherein I was loth to spend
+too much time, especially seeing I could adde nothing to what he had
+done upon that subject before."
+
+[31] "Mr. Hartlib (says Worlidge) tells you of the benefits of _orchard
+fruits_, that they afford curious walks for pleasure, food for cattle in
+the spring, summer, and winter, (meaning under their shadow,) fewel for
+the fire, shade for the heat, physick for the sick, refreshment for the
+sound, plenty of food for man, and that not of the worst, and drink also
+of the best."
+
+Milton also in the above Tractate thus speaks:--"In those vernal seasons
+of the year, when the air is calm and pleasant, it were an injury and
+sullenness against nature, not to go out and see her riches, and partake
+in her rejoicing with heaven and earth."
+
+[32] In the above tract of Dr. Beale's, he thus breaks out in praise of
+the Orchards of this _deep and rich_ county:--"From the greatest person
+to the poorest cottager, all habitations are encompassed with orchards,
+and gardens, and in most places our hedges are enriched with rows of
+fruit trees, pears or apples. All our villages, and generally all our
+highways, (all our vales being thick set with rows of villages), are in
+the spring time sweetened and beautified with the blossomed trees, which
+continue their changeable varieties of ornament, till (in the end of
+autumn), they fill our garners with pleasant fruit, and our cellars with
+rich and winy liquors. Orchards, being the pride of our county, do not
+only sweeten, but also purify the ambient air, which I conceive to
+conduce very much to the constant health and long lives for which our
+county hath always been famous. We do commonly devise a shadowy walk
+from our gardens, through our orchards (which is the richest, sweetest,
+and most embellished grove) into our coppice woods, or timber woods."
+Dr. Beale does not praise the whole of their land. He describes some as
+"starvy, chapt, and cheany, as the basest land upon the Welch
+mountains." He makes amends, however, for this, for he describes the
+nags bred on their high grounds, as very different from our present
+hackney-coach horses; they "are airey and sinewy, full of spirits and
+vigour, in shape like the _barbe_, they rid ground, and gather courage
+and delight in their own speed."
+
+[33] A Lady Gerard is mentioned in two letters of Mr. Pope, to W.
+Fortescue, Esq. They have no date to them. They appear in Polwhele's
+History of Devonshire. "I have just received a note from Mrs. Blount,
+that she and Lady Gerard will dine here to-day." And "Lady Gerard was to
+see Chiswick Gardens (as I imagined) and therefore forced to go from
+hence by five; it was a mortification to Mrs. Blount to go, when there
+was a hope of seeing you and Mr. Fortescue." There are three more
+letters, without date, to Martha Blount, written from the Wells at
+Bristol, and from Stowe, in which Pope says, "I have no more room but to
+give Lady Gerard my hearty services." And "once more my services to Lady
+Gerard." "I desire you will write a post-letter to my man John, at what
+time you would have the pine apples, to send to Lady Gerard." Probably
+Martha Blount's Lady Gerard was a descendant of Rea's.
+
+[34] A most curious account of the _Tulipomania_, or rage for tulips,
+formerly in Holland, may be seen in Phillips's Flora Historica.
+
+[35] Perhaps no one more truly painted rich pastoral scenes than Isaac
+Walton. This occurs in many, many pages of his delightful _Angler_. The
+late ardently gifted, and most justly lamented Sir Humphry Davy too, in
+his _Salmonia_, has fondly caught the charms of Walton's pages. His pen
+riots in the wild, the beautiful, the sweet, delicious scenery of
+nature:--"how delightful in the early spring, to wander forth by some
+clear stream, to see the leaf bursting from the purple bud, to scent the
+odours of the bank, perfumed by the violet, and enamelled as it were
+with the primrose, and the daisy; to wander upon the fresh turf below
+the shade of trees, whose bright blossoms are filled with the music of
+the bee." Mr. Worlidge, in his Systema Agriculturae, says, that the
+delights in angling "rouzes up the ingenious early in the spring
+mornings, that they have the benefit of the sweet and pleasant morning
+air, which many through sluggishness enjoy not; so that health (the
+greatest treasure that mortals enjoy) and pleasure, go hand in hand in
+this exercise. What can be more said of it, than that the most
+ingenious, most use it." Mr. Whately, in his usual charming style, thus
+paints the spring:--"Whatever tends to animate the scene, accords with
+the season, which is full of youth and vigour, fresh and sprightly,
+brightened by the verdure of the herbage, and the woods, gay with
+blossoms, and flowers, and enlivened by the songs of the birds in all
+their variety, from the rude joy of the skylark, to the delicacy of the
+nightingale."
+
+[36] Tusser seems somewhat of Meager's opinion:--
+
+   Sow peason and beans, in the wane of the moon,
+   Who soweth them sooner, he soweth too soon;
+   That they with the planet may rest and arise,
+   And flourish, with bearing most plentifull wise.
+
+The celebrated Quintinye says, "I solemnly declare, that after a
+diligent observation of the moon's changes for thirty years together,
+and an enquiry whether they had any influence in gardening, the
+affirmative of which has been so long established among us, I perceive
+it was no weightier than old wives' tales."
+
+The moon (says Mr. Mavor) having an influence on the tides and the
+weather, she was formerly supposed to extend her power over all nature.
+
+There is a treatise, by _Claude Gadrois_, on the _Influences des
+Astres_. Surely this merits perusal, when the Nouv. Dict. Hist. thus
+speaks of him:--"Il etoit ami du celebre Arnauld et meritoit de l'etre
+par _la justesse de son esprit_ et la purete de ses moeurs, par la bonte
+de son caractere et par la droiture de son coeur."
+
+The following wise experiment occurs in an ancient book on husbandry;
+but if the two parties there mentioned had lived with Leonard Meager,
+one must not do him the injustice of supposing he would have been a
+convert to their opinion:--"_Archibius_ is said to have written (or sent
+word most likely) to _Antiochus_, king of _Syria_, that if you bury a
+speckled toad inclosed in an earthen pot, in the middle of your garden,
+the same will be defended from all hurtful weather and tempests."
+Meager, however, is kept in countenance by Mr. Worlidge, who, in his
+chapter of Prognostics, at the end of his interesting Systemae
+Agriculturae, actually states that
+
+If dog's guts rumble and make a noise, it presageth rain or snow.
+
+The cat, by washing her face, and putting her foot over her ear,
+foreshews rain.
+
+The squeaking and skipping up and down of mice and rats, portend rain.
+
+Leonard Meager thus notices a nurseryman of his day:--"Here follows a
+catalogue of divers sorts of fruits, which I had of my very loving
+friend, Captain Garrle, dwelling at the great nursery between
+Spittlefields and Whitechapel; a very eminent and ingenious nurseryman."
+Perhaps this is the same nurseryman that Rea, in his _Pomona_, mentions.
+He says (after naming some excellent pear-trees) "they may be had out of
+the nurseries about London, especially those of Mr. Daniel Stepping, and
+Mr. Leonard _Girle_, who will faithfully furnish such as desire these,
+or any other kinds of rare fruit-trees, of whose fidelity in the
+delivery of right kinds, I have had long experience in divers
+particulars, a virtue not common to men of that profession." At this
+period, the space between Spittlefields and Whitechapel, must have
+consisted of gardens, and perhaps superb country houses. The Earl of
+Devonshire had a fine house and garden near Petticoat-lane. Sir W.
+Raleigh had one near Mile-end. Some one (I forget the author) says, "On
+both sides of this lane (Petticoat-lane) were anciently hedges and rows
+of elm trees, and the pleasantness of the neighbouring fields induced
+several gentlemen to build their houses here; among whom was the Spanish
+Ambassador, whom Strype supposes was Gondamour." Gondamour was the
+person to please whom (or rather that James might the more easily marry
+his son Charles to one of the daughters of Spain, with her immense
+fortune) this weak monarch was urged to sacrifice the life of Raleigh.
+
+Within one's own memory, it is painful to reflect, on the many pleasant
+fields, neat paddocks, rural walks, and gardens, (breathing pure air)
+that surrounded this metropolis for miles, and miles, and which are now
+ill exchanged for an immense number of new streets, many of them the
+receptacles only of smoke and unhealthiness.
+
+[37] These lines are from him, at whose death (says Sir W. Scott in his
+generous and glowing eulogy) we were stunned "by one of those
+death-notes which are peeled at intervals, as from an archangel's
+trumpet"--they are from "that mighty genius which walked amongst men as
+something superior to ordinary mortality, and whose powers were beheld
+with wonder, and something approaching to terror, as if we knew not
+whether they were of good or evil"--they are from "that noble tree which
+will never more bear fruit, or blossom! which has been cut down in its
+strength, and the past is all that remains to us of Byron: whose
+excellences will _now_ be universally acknowledged, and his faults (let
+us hope and believe) not remembered in his epitaph." His "deep
+transported mind" (to apply Milton's words to him) thus continues his
+moralization:--
+
+   What are the hopes of man? old Egypt's king
+     CHEOPS, erected the first pyramid,
+   And largest; thinking it was just the thing
+     To keep his memory whole, and mummy hid;
+
+
+
+   But somebody or other rummaging,
+     Burglariously broke his coffin's lid:
+   Let not a monument give you, or me, hopes,
+   Since not a pinch of dust remains of CHEOPS.
+
+The Quarterly Review, in reviewing Light's Travels, observes, that
+"Cheops employed three hundred and sixty thousand of his subjects for
+twenty years in raising this pyramid, or pile of stones, equal in weight
+to six millions of tons; and to render his precious dust more secure,
+the narrow chamber was made accessible only by small intricate passages,
+obstructed by stones of an enormous weight, and so carefully closed,
+externally, as not to be perceptible. Yet how vain are all the
+precautions of man! Not a bone was left of Cheops, either in the stone
+coffin, or in the vault, when Shaw entered the gloomy chamber." Sir
+Walter Scott himself, has justly received many eulogies. Perhaps none
+more heart-felt, than the effusion delivered at a late Celtic meeting,
+by that eloquent and honest lawyer, the present Lord Chief Justice of
+the Court of Exchequer, in Scotland, which was received by long, loud,
+and continued applause.
+
+[38] John Bauhine wrote a Treatise in 1591, De Plantis a Divis sanctisve
+nomen habentibus.
+
+Their Preface to the above Vol. ii. has this observation: "Plants, when
+taken from the places whence they derive their extraction, and planted
+in others of different qualities, _betray such fondness for their native
+earth_, that with great difficulty they are brought to thrive in
+another; and in this it is that the florist's art consists; for _to
+humour each plant_ with the soil, the sun, the shade, the degrees of
+dryness or moisture, and the neighbourhood it delights in, (for there is
+a natural antipathy between some plants, insomuch that they will not
+thrive near one another) are things not easily attainable, but by a
+length of study and application."
+
+[39] What these ruffles and lashes were, I know not. Perhaps the words
+of Johnson may apply to them:--
+
+   Fate never wounds more deep the generous heart,
+   Than when a blockhead's insult points the dart.
+   This mournful truth is every where confess'd,
+   Slow rises worth, by poverty oppress'd.
+
+
+
+[40] Barnaby Gooche, in his Chapter on Gardens, calls the sun "the
+captaine and authour of the other lights, _the very soule of the
+world_."
+
+[41] A translation of De Lille's garden thus pleads:--
+
+   Oh! by those shades, beneath whose evening bowers
+   The village dancers tripp'd the frolic hours;
+   By those deep tufts that show'd your fathers' tombs,
+   Spare, ye profane, their venerable glooms!
+   To violate their sacred age, beware,
+   Which e'en the awe-struck hand of time doth spare.
+
+
+
+[42] Mr. Whateley observes, that "The whole range of nature is open to
+him, (the landscape gardener) from the parterre to the forest; and
+whatever is agreeable to the senses, or the imagination, he may
+appropriate to the spot he is to improve; it is a part of his business
+to collect into one place, the delights which are generally dispersed
+through different species of country."
+
+[43] At page 24 he says, "_Cato_, one of the most celebrated writers on
+Husbandry and Gardening among the Romans, (who, as appears by his
+Introduction, took the model of his precepts from the _Greeks_) in his
+excellent Treatise _De Re Rustica_, has given so great an encomium on
+the excellence and uses of this good plant, (the Brocoli) not only as to
+its goodness in eating, but also in physick and pharmacy, that makes it
+esteemed one of the best plants either the field or garden produces."
+
+[44] His Chapter on the Water-Works of the Ancient Romans, French, &c.
+is charmingly written. Those who delight in the formation of rivers,
+fountains, falls of water, or cascades, as decorations to their gardens,
+may inspect this ingenious man's Hydrostatics. And another specimen of
+his genius may be seen in the magnificent iron gateway now remaining at
+_Leeswood_, near Mold, and of which a print is given in Pugh's _Cambria
+Depicta_.
+
+[45] In this volume is a letter written to Switzer, from his "ingenious
+friend Mr. Thomas Knowlton, Gardener to the Earl of Burlington, who, on
+account of his own industry, and the opportunity he has had of being
+educated under the late learned Dr. Sherrard, claims a very advanced
+place in the list of Botanists." This letter is dated Lansborough, July,
+1728. I insert part of this letter:--"I hope, Sir, you will excuse the
+freedom I take in giving you my opinion, having always had a respect for
+your endeavours in Husbandry and Gardening, ever since you commenced an
+author. Your introduction to, and manner of handling those beloved
+subjects, (the sale of which I have endeavoured to promote) is in great
+esteem with me; being (as I think) the most useful of any that have been
+wrote on these useful subjects. If on any subject, you shall hereafter
+revise or write farther upon, any communication of mine will be useful
+or serviceable to you, I shall be very ready to do it. I heartily wish
+you success in whatever you undertake, as it tends to a publick good."
+Dr. Pulteney says of Knowlton, "His zeal for English Botany was
+uncommonly great, and recommended him successfully to the learned
+Botanists of this country. From Sir Hans Sloane, he received eminent
+civilities."
+
+[46] few short notices occur of names formerly eminent in
+gardening:--"My late ingenious and laborious friend, Mr. _Oram_,
+Nurseryman, of Brompton-lane."
+
+"That great virtuoso and encourager of gardening, Mr. Secretary Johnson,
+at Twickenham."
+
+"Their beautiful aspects in pots, (the nonpareil) and the middle of a
+desert, has been the glory of one of the most generous encouragers of
+gardening this age has produced, I mean the Right Honourable the Lord
+Castlemain."
+
+"The late noble and most publick spirited encourager of arts and
+sciences, especially gardening, his Grace the Duke of Montague, at
+Ditton."
+
+"The Elrouge Nectarine is also a native of our own, the name being the
+reverse of _Gourle_, a famous Nurseryman at Hogsden, in King Charles the
+Second's time, by whom it was raised."
+
+And speaking of the successful cultivation of vines in the open air, he
+refers to the garden of a Mr. _Rigaud_, near _Swallow-street_; and to
+another great cultivator of the vine, "of whose friendship I have proof,
+the Rev. Mr. _Only_, of _Cottesmore_, in Rutland, some time since
+deceased; one of the most curious lovers of gardening that this or any
+other age has produced." This gentleman, in 1765, published "An Account
+of the care taken in most civilized nations for the relief of the poor,
+more particularly in the time of scarcity and distress;" 4to. 1s. Davis.
+I believe the same gentleman also published, in 1765, a Treatise "Of the
+Price of Wheat."
+
+[47] Lord Bacon says, "Because the breath of flowers is far sweeter in
+the air (where it comes and goes, like the warbling of musick) than in
+the hand, therefore nothing is more fit for that delight, than to know
+what be the flowers and plants that do best perfume the air." The Prince
+de Ligne says,
+
+   Je ne veux point avoir l'orgueilleuse tulipe;
+   _L'odorat en jardin_ est mon premier principe.
+
+The translation of _Spectacle de la Nature_, a very pleasing work,
+observes that "Flowers are not only intended to beautify the earth with
+their shining colours, but the greatest part of them, in order to render
+the entertainment more exquisite, diffuse a fragrance that perfumes all
+the air around us; and it should seem as if they were solicitous to
+_reserve their odours for the evening and morn_, when walking is most
+agreeable; but their sweets are very faint during the heat of the day,
+when we visit them the least."
+
+I must again trespass on the pages of the great Bacon, by briefly
+shewing the _natural wildness_ he wishes to introduce into one part of
+his garden:--"thickets, made only of sweet-briar and honeysuckle, and
+some wild vine amongst, and the ground set with violets, strawberries,
+and primroses; for these are sweet, and prosper in the shade."
+
+The dew or pearly drops that one sees in a morning on cowslips, remind
+one of what is said of Mignon:--"Ses ouvrages sont precieux par l'art
+avec le quel il representoit les fleurs dans tout leur eclat, et les
+fruits avec toute leur fraicheur. La rosee et les goutes d'eau qu'elle
+repand sur les fleurs, sont si bien imitees dans ses tableaux, qu'on est
+tente d'y porter la main." It is said also that in the works of
+Van-Huysum, "le veloute des fruits, l'eclat des fleurs, le transparent
+de la rosee, tout enchante dans les tableaux de ce peintre admirable."
+Sir U. Price observes of this latter painter, "that nature herself is
+hardly more soft and delicate in her most delicate productions, than the
+copies of them by Van-Huysum." Two flower pieces by this painter, sold
+at the Houghton sale for 1200_l._
+
+In the pieces of _Bos_, a Flemish painter, the dew was represented so
+much like nature, as to deserve universal approbation.
+
+Bernazzano painted strawberries on a wall so naturally, that, we are
+told, the plaster was torn down by the frequent pecking of peacocks.
+
+Amidst these celebrated painters, these admiring judges of nature, let
+us not forget our never-dying Hogarth; his piercing eye even discovers
+itself in his letter to Mr. Ellis, the naturalist:--"As for your pretty
+little seed cups, or vases, they are a sweet confirmation of the
+pleasure nature seems to take in superadding an elegance of form to most
+of her works, wherever you find them. How poor and bungling are all the
+inventions of art!"
+
+[48] The very numerous works of this indefatigable writer, embracing so
+many subjects, make one think he must have been as careful of his time,
+as the celebrated friend of the witty _Boileau_: the humane, benevolent,
+and dignified Chancellor _Aguesseau_, who finding that his wife always
+kept him waiting an hour after the dinner bell had rung, resolved to
+devote this time to writing a work on Jurisprudence. He put this project
+in execution, and in the course of time, produced a quarto work in four
+thick volumes.
+
+[49] This chesnut tree is thus noticed in a newspaper of August,
+1829:--"The celebrated chesnut tree, the property of Lord Ducie, at
+Tortworth, in the county of Gloucester, is the oldest, if not the
+largest tree in England, having this year attained the age of 1002
+years, and being 52 feet in circumference, and yet retains so much
+vigour, that it bore nuts so lately as two years ago, from which young
+trees are now being raised."
+
+[50] There is an 8vo. published in 1717, called the "Lady's Recreation,"
+by _Charles_ Evelyn, Esq. There are two letters subjoined, written to
+this author by the Rev. Mr. Lawrence. From page 103, 105, 129 and 141,
+one should think this was not the son of the famous Mr. Evelyn. I now
+find, that Mr. Lawrence, in the Preface to his Kalendar, inserted at the
+end of his fifth edition, assures the public, "that the book called the
+Lady's Recreation could not be published by my approbation, because it
+was never seen by me till it was in print; besides, I have reason to
+think it was an artifice of the booksellers to impose upon the world,
+under the borrowed name of Evelyn."
+
+[51] This sermon was preached for several years by Dr. Colin Milne, by
+whom it was published in 1799, and afterwards by the Rev. Mr. Ellis, of
+Merchant Taylors' School. Mr. Ellis, in his History of Shoreditch, gives
+us much information as to this bequest; in which the handsome conduct of
+Mr. Denne, a former vicar, is not the least interesting. Mr. Nichols, in
+vol. iii. of his Literary Anecdotes, bears testimony to Dr. Denne's
+feeling towards the poor and distressed, and to his attachment to
+literary pursuits. Three of these Sermons are in the second volume of
+"Thirty Sermons on Moral and Religious Subjects, by the Rev. W. Jones;"
+2 vols. 8vo. 1790, price 16s. There are other editions of Mr. Jones's
+Sermons, viz. Rev. W. Jones, of Nayland, his Theological, Philosophical,
+and Miscellaneous Works, with Life, 12 vols. 8vo. _neat_, 7_l._ 7_s._
+6_d._ 1801. Sermons by the late Rev. William Jones, of Nayland, Suffolk:
+Chaplain to the Right Rev. George Horne, Bishop of Norwich; 1 vol. 8vo.
+with Portrait of the Author, price 12_s._ Dove, St. John's Square,
+Printer, 1828. "Of this faithful servant of God, (the Rev. W. Jones) I
+can speak both from personal knowledge and from his writings. He was a
+man of quick penetration, of extensive learning, and the soundest piety;
+and he had, beyond any other man I ever knew, the talent of writing upon
+the deepest subjects to the plainest understandings."--_Bishop Horsley's
+Charges._ The Rev. Samuel Ayscough, of the British Museum, began, in
+1790, to preach this annual sermon, and, I believe, continued it for
+fourteen years.
+
+[52] Mr. Ellis, of _Little Gaddesden_, in his Practical Farmer, 8vo.
+1732, thus speaks on this subject:--"What a charming sight is a large
+tree in blossom, and after that, when loaden with fruit, enough perhaps
+to make a hogshead of cyder or perry! A scene of beauty, hopes, and
+profit, and all! It may be on less than two feet diameter of ground. And
+above all, what matter of contemplation does it afford, when we let our
+thoughts descend to a single kernel of an apple or pear? And again, how
+heightened, on the beholding so great a bulk raised and preserved, by
+Omnipotent Power, from so small a body."
+
+[53] The thought of planting the sides of public roads, was first
+suggested by the great _Sully_.
+
+[54] Mr. Weston, in his introduction to these Tracts, seems to have
+pleasure in recording the following anecdote of La Quintinye, from
+Harte's Essay. "The famous La Quintinie, director of the royal gardens
+in France, obtained from Louis XIV. an abbacy for his son, in one of the
+remote provinces; and going soon afterwards to make the abbot a visit,
+(who was not then settled in his apartments) he was entertained and
+lodged by a neighbouring gentleman with great friendliness and
+hospitality. La Quintinie, as was natural, soon examined the gardens of
+his host; he found the situation beautiful, and the soil excellent; but
+every thing was rude, savage, and neglected: nature had done much, art
+nothing. The guest, delighted with his friendly reception, took leave
+with regret, and some months after, sent one of the king's gardeners,
+and four under-gardeners, to the gentleman, with strict command to
+accept of no gratuity. They took possession of his little inclosure the
+moment they arrived, and having digged it many times over, they manured,
+replanted it, and left one of their number behind them, as a settled
+servant in the family. This young man was soon solicited to assist the
+neighbourhood, and filled their kitchen gardens and fruit gardens with
+the _best_ productions of every kind, which are preserved and propagated
+to this very hour."
+
+It is pleasing to enquire who Mons. de la Quintinye was. _Perrault_, in
+his _Hommes Illustres_, has given his Life, and Portrait. Dr. Gibson, in
+his Fruit Gardener, calls him "truly an original author;" and further
+pays him high compliments.
+
+The Noveau Dict. Hist. thus speaks of him:--"Il vint a Paris se faire
+recevoir avocat. Une eloquence naturelle, cultivee avec soin, le fit
+briller dans le Barreau, et lui consila l'estime des premiers
+magistrais. Quoi qu'il eut peu de temps dont il put disposer, il en
+trouvoit neanmoins suffisament pour satisfaire la passion qu'il avoit
+pour l'agriculture. Il augmenta ses connoissances sur le jardinage, dans
+un voyage qu'il fit en Italie. De retour a Paris, il se livra tout
+entier a l'agriculture, et fit un grand nombre d'experiences curieuses
+et utiles. Le grand Prince de _Conde_, qui aimoit l'agriculture, prenoit
+une extreme plaisir a s'entretenir avec lui; et Charles II. Roi
+d'Angleterre lui offrit une pension considerable pour l'attacher a la
+culture de ses Jardins, mais il refusa ses offres avantageuses par
+l'amour qu'il avoit pour sa patrie, et trouva en France les recompenses
+due a son merite. On a de lui un excellent livre, intitule 'Instructions
+pour les Jardins Fruitiers et Potagers, Paris, 1725, 2 tom. 4to.' _et
+plusieurs Lettres sur la meme matiere_." Switzer, in his History of
+Gardening, says, that in Mons. de la Quintinye's "Two Voyages into
+England, he gained considerable friendship with several lords with whom
+he kept correspondence by letters till his death, and these letters,
+says Perrault, are all _printed at London_." And he afterwards says,
+speaking of Lord Capel's garden at Kew, "the greatest advance made by
+him herein, was the bringing over several sorts of fruits from France;
+and this noble lord we may suppose to be one that held for many years a
+correspondence with Mons. de la Quintinye." Such letters on such
+correspondence if ever printed, must be worth perusal.
+
+[55] Lamoignon de Malherbes (that excellent man) had naturalized a vast
+number of foreign trees, and at the age of eighty-four, saw every where,
+in France, (as Duleuze observes) plants of his own introduction.
+
+The old Earl of _Tweedale_, in the reign of Charles II. and his
+immediate successor, planted more than six thousand acres, in Scotland,
+with fir trees. In a Tour through Scotland, in 1753, it mentions, that
+"The county of Aberdeen is noted for its timber, having in it upwards of
+five millions of fir trees, besides vast numbers of other kinds, planted
+within these seventy years, by the gentry at and about their seats."
+
+Mr. Marshall, in his "Planting and Rural Ornament," states, that "In
+1792, his Grace the Duke of Athol (we speak from the highest authority)
+was possessed of a thousand larch trees, then growing on his estates of
+Dunkeld and Blair only, of not less than two to four tons of timber
+each; and had, at that time, a million larches, of different sizes,
+rising rapidly on his estate."
+
+The zeal for planting in Scotland, of late years, has been stimulated by
+the writings of James Anderson, and Lord Kames.
+
+It is pleasing to transcribe the following paragraph from a newspaper of
+the year 1819:--"Sir Watkin Williams Wynn has planted, within the last
+five years, on the mountainous lands in the vicinity of Llangollen,
+situated from 1200 to 1400 feet above the level of the sea, 80,000 oaks,
+63,000 Spanish chesnuts, 102,000 spruce firs, 110,000 Scotch firs,
+90,000 larches, 30,000 wych elms, 35,000 mountain elms, 80,000 ash, and
+40,000 sycamores, all of which are, at this time, in a healthy and
+thriving condition." It is impossible, on this subject, to avoid paying
+a grateful respect to the memory of that bright ornament of our church,
+and literature, the late Dr. Watson, Bishop of Llandaff, whose extensive
+plantations, near Ambleside, have long since enriched that part. The
+late Richard Crawshay (surpassed by no being during the whole course of
+his very long life, for either integrity or generosity) assured the
+present writer, that during an early period of Dr. Watson's planting, he
+offered him, on the security of his note of hand only, and to be repaid
+at his own entire convenience, ten thousand pounds, and that he (with
+grateful thanks to Mr. Crawshay) refused it.
+
+[56] How widely different has the liberal and classic mind of Dr. Alison
+viewed the rich pages of Mr. Whateley, in his deep and learned Essays on
+Taste, first published nearly twenty years after Mr. Whateley's decease.
+One regrets that there is no Portrait of Mr. Whateley. Of Dr. Alison,
+there is a masterly one by Sir Henry Raeburn, admirably engraved by W.
+Walker, of Edinburgh, in 1823. Perhaps it is one of the finest Portraits
+of the present day. One is happy to perceive marks of health expressed
+in his intellectually striking countenance.
+
+[57] In Biographical Anecdotes, 3 vols. 8vo. appears a correspondence in
+London, with Dr. Franklin, and William Whateley, and Joseph Whateley, in
+1774. This relates to a duel with Mr. Temple, by a brother of Thomas
+Whateley. In some of the Lives of Dr. Franklin, it appears, that
+inflammatory and ill-judged letters were written by George Hutchinson,
+and others, to _Thomas_ Whateley, Esq. _private Secretary to Lord
+Grenville_, respecting some disturbances in America, concerning Lord
+Grenville's Stamp Act. On the death of Thomas, these letters were placed
+in the hands of Dr. Franklin, whose duty, as agent to the colony, caused
+him to transmit them to Boston. A quarrel arose between William Whateley
+and Mr. Temple, as to which of them gave up those letters, and a duel
+was fought. Dr. Franklin immediately cleared both those gentlemen from
+all imputation. Of the celebrated interview in the council chamber,
+between Mr. Wedderburn and Dr. Franklin, an account is given by Dr.
+Priestley, in vol. xv. page 1. of the Monthly Magazine, and which candid
+account entirely acquits Dr. Franklin from having deserved the rancorous
+political acrimony of Mr. Wedderburn, whose intemperate language is
+fully related in some of the Lives of Dr. Franklin, and in his Life,
+published and sold by G. Nicholson, _Stourport_, 12mo. price 9d. and
+which also includes Dr. Priestley's account.
+
+Lord Chatham spoke of Franklin in the highest strain of panegyric, when
+adverting, in the year 1777, to his dissuasive arguments against the
+American war.
+
+William Whateley was administrator of the goods and chattels of his
+brother Thomas, who, of course, died without a will.
+
+In vol. ii. of Seward's Biog. Lit. and Political Tracts, the nineteenth
+chapter consists of his account of two _Political_ Tracts, by Thomas
+Whateley, Esq. and he thus concludes this chapter:--"Mr. Whateley also
+wrote a tract on laying out pleasure grounds." In vol. iii. is an
+account of the quarrel and duel with Mr. Temple and one of the brothers.
+It appears that Thomas Whateley died in June, 1772, and left two
+brothers, William and Joseph. Thomas is called "Mr. Secretary Whately."
+
+Debrett published "Scarce Tracts," in 4 vols. 8vo. In vol. i. is one
+called "The Budget," by D. Hartley, Esq. This same volume contains a
+reply to this, viz. "Remarks on the Budget, by Thomas Whateley, Esq.
+Secretary to the Treasury." There is also in vol. ii. another tract by
+Thomas Whateley, Esq. entitled "Considerations on the Trade and Finances
+of the Kingdom." These two pamphlets, upon subjects so very different
+from the alluring one on landscape gardening, and his unfinished one on
+Shakspeare, convinces us, what a powerful writer he would have been, had
+his life been longer spared.
+
+[58] The reader will be amply gratified by perusing page 158 of the late
+Sir U. Price's well known Letter to Mr. Repton, as well as Mr. Morris's
+Observations on Water, as regards Ornamental Scenery; inserted in the
+Gardener's Magazine for May, 1827. Mr. Whateley's distinction between a
+river, a rivulet, and a rill, form, perhaps, five of the most seductive
+pages of his book. Our own Shakspeare's imagery on this subject, should
+not be overlooked:--
+
+   The current that with gentle murmur glides,
+   Thou know'st, being stopp'd, impatiently doth rage;
+   But when his fair course is not hindered,
+   He makes sweet music with the enamelled stones,
+   Giving a gentle kiss to every sedge
+   He overtaketh in his pilgrimage:
+   And so by many winding nooks he strays
+   With willing sport to the wild ocean.
+
+
+
+[59] The benevolent mind of the marquis shines even in his concluding
+chapter; for he there wishes "to bring us back to a true taste for
+beautiful nature--to more humane and salutary regulations of the
+country--to produce the _moral_ landscapes which delight the mind. His
+view of the good mother, seeing her children playing round her at their
+cottage, near the common, thus "endearing her home, and making even the
+air she breathed more delightful to her, make these sort of commons, to
+me, the most delightful of _English gardens_. The dwellings of the happy
+and peaceful husbandmen would soon rise up in the midst of compact
+farms. Can there exist a more delightful habitation for man, than a neat
+farm-house in the centre of a pleasing landscape? There avoiding disease
+and lassitude, useless expence, the waste of land in large and dismal
+parks, and above all, by preventing misery, and promoting happiness, we
+shall indeed have gained the prize of having united the agreeable with
+the useful. Perhaps, when every folly is exhausted, there will come a
+time, in which men will be so far enlightened as to prefer the real
+pleasures of nature to vanity and chimera."
+
+[60] Perhaps it may gratify those who seek for health, by their
+attachment to gardens, to note the age that some of our English
+horticulturists have attained to:--Parkinson died at about 78;
+Tradescant, the father, died an old man; Switzer, about 80; Sir Thomas
+Browne died at 77; Evelyn, at 86; Dr. Beale, at 80; Jacob Bobart, at 85;
+Collinson, at 75; a son of Dr. Lawrence (equally fond of gardens as his
+father) at 86; Bishop Compton, at 81; Bridgman, at an advanced age;
+Knowlton, gardener to Lord Burlington, at 90; Miller, at 80; James Lee,
+at an advanced age; Lord Kames, at 86; Abercrombie, at 80; the Rev. Mr.
+Gilpin, at 80; Duncan, a gardener, upwards of 90; Hunter, who published
+_Sylva_, at 86; Speechley, at 86; Horace Walpole, at 80; Mr. Bates, the
+celebrated and ancient horticulturist of High Wickham, who died there in
+December, 1819, at the great age of 89; Marshall, at an advanced age;
+Sir Jos. Banks, at 77; Joseph Cradock, at 85; James Dickson, at 89; Dr.
+Andrew Duncan, at 83; and Sir U. Price, at 83. Mr. Loudon, at page 1063
+of his Encyclop. inform us, that a market garden, and nursery, near
+Parson's Green, had been, for upwards of two centuries, occupied by a
+family of the name of Rench; that one of them (who instituted the first
+annual exhibition of flowers) died at the age of ninety-nine years,
+having had thirty-three children; and that his son (mentioned by
+Collinson, as famous for forest trees) introduced the moss-rose, planted
+the elm trees now growing in the Bird-cage Walk, St. James's Park, from
+trees reared in his own nursery, married two wives, had thirty-five
+children, and died in 1783, in the same room in which he was born, at
+the age of a hundred and one years. Reflecting on the great age of some
+of the above, reminds me of what a "Journal Encyclopedique" said of
+Lestiboudois, another horticulturist and botanist, who died at Lille, at
+the age of ninety, and who (for even almost in our ashes _live their
+wonted fires_) gave lectures in the very last year of his life. "When he
+had (says an ancient friend of his) but few hours more to live, he
+ordered snow-drops, violets, and crocuses, to be brought to his bed, and
+compared them with the figures in Tournefort. His whole existence had
+been consecrated to the good of the public, and to the alleviation of
+misery; thus he looked forward to his dissolution with a tranquillity of
+soul that can only result from a life of rectitude; he never acquired a
+fortune; and left no other inheritance to his children, but integrity
+and virtue."
+
+[61] About eighty years previous to Hyll's Treatise on Bees, Rucellai,
+an Italian of distinction, who aspired to a cardinal's hat, and who
+laboured with zeal and taste (I am copying from De Sismondi's View of
+the Literature of the South of Europe) to render Italian poetry
+classical, or a pure imitation of the ancients, published his most
+celebrated poem on Bees. "It receives (says De Sismondi) a particular
+interest from the real fondness which Rucellai seems to have entertained
+for these creatures. There is something so sincere in his respect for
+their virgin purity, and in his admiration of the order of their
+government, that he inspires us with real interest for them. All his
+descriptions are full of life and truth."
+
+[62] Ben Jonson, in his _Discourses_, gives the following eulogy on this
+illustrious author:--"No member of his speech but consisted of his own
+graces. His hearers could not cough or look aside from him without loss.
+He commanded where he spoke, and had his judges angry and pleased at his
+devotion: no man had their affections more in his power; the fear of
+every man that heard him was, lest he should make an end." Mr. Loudon,
+when treating on the study of plants, observes, that "This wonderful
+philosopher explored and developed the true foundations of human
+knowledge, with a sagacity and penetration unparalleled in the history
+of mankind." What Clement VIII. applied to the eight books of Hooker's
+Ecclesiastical Polity, may well apply to the writings of Bacon:--"there
+is no learning that this man hath not searched into. His books will get
+reverence by age, for there is in them such seeds of eternity, that they
+will continue till the last fire shall devour all learning." Monsieur
+Thomas, in his Eulogy of Descartes, says, "Bacon explored every path of
+human knowledge, he sat in judgment on past ages, and anticipated those
+that were to come." The reader will be gratified by inspecting the
+second volume of Mr. Malone's publication of Aubrey's Letters, in the
+Bodleian Library, as well as the richly decorated and entertaining
+Beauties of England and Wales, and Pennant's Tour from Chester to
+London, for some curious notices of the ancient mansion, garden, and
+orchard, at Gorhambury.
+
+[63] The reader will be amply gratified by Mr. Johnson's review of the
+general state of horticulture at this period, in his History of English
+Gardening, and with the zeal with which he records the attachment of
+James I. and Charles, to this science; and where, in a subsequent
+chapter, he glances on the progress of our Botany, and proudly twines
+round the brows of the modest, but immortal, Ray, a most deserved and
+generous wreath.
+
+[64] I subjoin a few extracts from the first book of his English
+Husbandman, 4to. 1635:--"A garden is so profitable, necessary, and such
+an ornament and grace to every house and housekeeper, that the
+dwelling-place is lame and maimed if it want that goodly limbe, and
+beauty. I do not wonder either at the worke of art, or nature, when I
+behold in a goodly, rich and fertill soyle, a garden adorned with all
+the delights and delicacies which are within man's understanding,
+because the naturall goodnesse of the earth (which not enduring to bee
+idle) will bring forth whatsoever is cast into her; but when I behold
+upon a barren, dry, and dejected earth, such as the Peake-hills, where a
+man may behold snow all summer, or on the East-mores, whose best herbage
+is nothing but mosse, and iron-stone, in such a place, I say, to behold
+a delicate, rich, and fruitful garden, it shewes great worthinesse in
+the owner, and infinite art and industry in the workeman, and makes mee
+both admire and love the begetters of such excellencies."
+
+And again,--"For the situation of the garden-plot for pleasure, you
+shall understand, that it must ever bee placed so neare unto the
+dwelling-house as it is possible, both because the eye of the owner may
+be a guard and support from inconveniences, as all that the especial
+roomes and prospects of the house may be adorned, perfumed, and inriched
+with the delicate proportions, odoriferous smells, and wholesome airs
+which shall ascend and vaporate from the same."
+
+He then gives a variety of cuts of knots and mazes, and labyrinths, of
+which he observes, that "many other adornations and beautifyings there
+are, which belong to the setting forth of a curious garden, but for as
+much as none are more rare or more esteemed than these I have set down,
+being the best ornaments of the best gardens of this kingdome, I think
+them tastes sufficient for every husbandman or other of better quality,
+which delighteth in the beauty, and well trimming of his ground." He
+thus remarks:--"as in the composition of a delicate woman, the grace of
+her cheeke is the mixture of red and white, the wonder of her eye blacke
+and white, and the beauty of her hand blew and white, any of which is
+not said to be beautifull if it consist of single or simple colours; and
+so in these walkes or alleyes the all greene, nor the all yellow cannot
+be said to bee most beautifull, but the greene and yellow, (that is to
+say, the untroade grasse, and the well knit gravell) being equally mixt,
+give the eye both luster and delight beyond all comparison."
+
+His description of the following flower is singular: "_The Crowne
+Emperiall_, is, of all flowers, both forraigne and home-bred, the
+delicatest, and strangest: it hath the true shape of an imperiall
+crowne, and will be of divers colours, according to the art of the
+gardener. In the middest of the flower you shall see a round pearle
+stand, in proportion, colour, and orientnesse, like a true naturall
+pearle, only it is of a soft liquid substance: this pearle, if you shake
+the flower never so violently, will not fall off, neyther if you let it
+continue never so long, will it eyther encrease or diminish in the
+bignesse, but remaineth all one: yet if with your finger you take and
+wipe it away, in less than an hour after you shall have another arise in
+the same place, and of the same bignesse. This pearle, if you taste it
+upon your tongue, is pleasant, and sweet like honey: this flower when
+the sunne ariseth, you shall see it looke directly to the east, with the
+stalk bent lowe thereunto, and as the sunne ariseth higher and higher,
+so the flower will likewise ascend, and when the sunne is come into the
+meridian or noone poynt, which is directly over it, then will it stand
+upright upon the stalke, and looke directly upward, and as the sunne
+declineth, so will it likewise decline, and at the sunne setting looke
+directly to the west only."
+
+His mention of another flower is attractive:--"Now for your _Wall
+Gilliflower_, it delighteth in hard rubbish, limy, and stony grounds,
+whence it commeth they covet most to grow upon walls, pavements, and
+such like barraine places. It may be sowen in any moneth or season, for
+it is a seed of that hardness, that it makes no difference betwixt
+winter and summer, but will flourish in both equally, and beareth his
+flowers all the yeere, whence it comes that the husbandman preserves it
+most in his _bee-garden_, for it is _wondrous sweet_, and affordeth much
+honey. It would be sowen in very small quantity, for after it hath once
+taken roote, it will naturally of itself overspread much ground, and
+hardly ever after be rooted out. It is of itselfe of so exceeding a
+strong, and _sweet smell_, that it cannot be forced to take any other,
+and therefore is ever preserved in its owne nature."
+
+[65] Mr. Loudon, in his Encycl. of Gardening, fondly reviews the taste
+for flowers which pervaded most ranks during the time of Elizabeth, and
+Evelyn.
+
+The _Spectacle de la Nature_, of which we have a translation in 1740,
+has a richly diffuse chapter on flowers. I here transcribe a small part
+thereof:--
+
+_Prior._ "The beauty of flowers never fails to inspire us with joy; and
+when we have sufficiently examined the fairest, we are sensible they are
+only proper to refresh the sight; and, indeed, the prospect they afford
+is so touching, and we experience their power to be so effectual, that
+the generality of those arts which are ambitious to please, seem most
+successful when they borrow their assistance. Sculpture imitates them in
+its softest ornaments; architecture bestows the embellishments of leaves
+and festoons on those columns and fronts, which would otherwise be too
+naked. The richest embroideries are little more than foliage and
+flowers; the most magnificent silks are almost covered with these
+charming forms, and are thought beautiful, in proportion as they
+resemble the lively tinge of natural flowers.
+
+"These have always been the symbols, or representations of joy; they
+were formerly the inseparable ornaments of feasts, and are still
+introduced with applause, toward the close of our entertainments, when
+they are brought in with the fruit, to enliven the festival that begins
+to languish. And they are so peculiarly adapted to scenes of pleasure,
+that they are always considered as inconsistent with mourning. Decency,
+informed by nature, never admits them into those places where tears and
+affliction are predominant.
+
+_Countess._ "The festivals in the country are never celebrated without
+garlands, and the entertainments of the polite are ushered in by a
+flower. If the winter denies them that gratification, they have recourse
+to art. A young bride, in all the magnificence of her nuptial array,
+would imagine she wanted a necessary part of her ornaments, if she did
+not improve them with a sprig of flowers. A queen, amidst the greatest
+solemnities, though she is covered with the jewels of the crown, has an
+inclination to this rural ornament; she is not satisfied with mere
+grandeur and majesty, but is desirous of assuming an air of softness and
+gaiety, by the mediation of flowers.
+
+_Prior._ "Religion itself, with all its simplicity and abstraction, and
+amidst the abhorrence it professes to theatrical pomp, which rather
+tends to dissipate the heart, than to inspire it with a due reverence
+for sacred mysteries, and a sensibility of human wants, permits some of
+its festivals to be celebrated with boughs, and chaplets of flowers."
+
+[66] In his Diary is the following entry:--"1658, 27 Jan. After six fits
+of an ague, died my son Richard, five years and three days old onely,
+but, at that tender age, a prodigy for witt and understanding; for
+beauty of body, a very angel; for endowment of mind, of incredible and
+rare hopes. He was all life, all prettinesse. What shall I say of his
+frequent pathetical ejaculations uttered of himselfe: _Sweete Jesus,
+save me, deliver me, pardon my sins, let thine angels receive me!_ So
+early knowledge, so much piety and perfection! Such a child I never saw!
+for such a child I blesse God in whose bosome he is!"
+
+Nanteuil's portrait is prefixed to his _Sylva_, 1664; and a fine copy of
+the same, by Bartolozzi, is prefixed to Hunter's _Sylva_. Worlidge
+engraved a fine portrait of him, prefixed to his _Sculptura_. Gaywood
+engraved his portrait for the translation of _Lucretius_. In Walpole's
+Anecdotes is his portrait, by Bannerman.
+
+[67] In "A Picturesque Promenade round Dorking," are selected many
+interesting particulars of Mr. Evelyn.
+
+[68] Essex lost his head for having said that Elizabeth grew old and
+cankered, and that her mind was as crooked as her carcase. Perhaps the
+beauty of Mary galled Elizabeth.
+
+The Quarterly Review of July, 1828, thus remarks:--"When Elizabeth's
+wrinkles waxed many, it is reported that an unfortunate master of the
+Mint incurred disgrace, by a too faithful shilling; the die was broken,
+and only one mutilated impression is now in existence. Her maids of
+honour took the hint, and were thenceforth careful that no fragment of a
+looking glass should remain in any room of the palace. In fact, the
+lion-hearted lady had not heart to look herself in the face for the last
+twenty years of her life."
+
+It seems that Elizabeth was fond of executions. She loved Essex, of all
+men, best; and yet the same axe which murdered Anne Bulleyn, was used to
+revenge herself on him. The bloody task took three strokes, which so
+enraged the multitude, (who loved Essex) that they would have torn the
+executioner to pieces, had not the soldiers prevented them. Mr. Hutton,
+in his "Journey to London," observes, that "their vengeance ought to
+have been directed against the person who caused him to use it." What
+her reflections were on these two bloody acts when on her death-bed, we
+scarcely know. A modern writer on horticulture, nearly concludes a very
+pleasing work, by enumerating (with slight historical notices) the
+several plants cultivated in our gardens. He thus concludes his account
+of one:--"Queen Elizabeth, in her last illness, eat little but Succory
+Pottage." Mr. Loudon says it is used "as a fodder for cattle." The
+French call it Chicoree _sauvage_. Her taste must have been something
+like her heart. Poor Mary eat no supper the night previous to _her_ last
+illness. Had it been possible for Elizabeth to have read those pages of
+Robertson, which paint the long succession of calamities which befel
+Mary, and the insolence and brutality she received from Darnley, and
+which so eloquently plead for her frailties, perhaps even these pages
+would not have softened her bloody disposition, which she seems to have
+inherited from that insolent monster, her father. "Mary's sufferings
+(says this enchanting historian) exceed, both in degree and duration,
+those tragical distresses which fancy has feigned, to excite sorrow and
+commiseration; and while we survey them, we are apt altogether to forget
+her frailties; we think of her faults with less indignation, and approve
+of our tears as if they were shed for a person who had attained much
+nearer to pure virtue. With regard to the queen's person, all
+contemporary authors agree in ascribing to Mary the utmost beauty of
+countenance, and elegance of shape, of which the human form is capable.
+Her hair was black, though, according to the fashion of that age, she
+frequently borrowed locks, and of different colours. Her eyes were a
+dark grey; her complexion was exquisitely fine, and her hands and arms
+remarkably delicate, both as to shape and colour. Her stature was of an
+height that rose to the majestic. She danced, she walked, and she rode
+with equal grace. She sung, and played upon the lute with uncommon
+skill."
+
+[69] I will merely give this brief extract as one out of many of great
+force and beauty, from his _Salmonia_:--"If we look with wonder upon the
+great remains of human works, such as the columns of Palmyra, broken in
+the midst of the desert, the temples of Paestum, beautiful in the decay
+of twenty centuries, or the mutilated fragments of Greek sculpture in
+the Acropolis of Athens, or in our own Museum, as proofs of the genius
+of artists, and power and riches of nations now past away, with how much
+deeper feeling of admiration must we consider those grand monuments of
+nature, which mark the revolutions of the globe; continents broken into
+islands; one land produced, another destroyed; the bottom of the ocean
+become a fertile soil; whole races of animals extinct; and the bones and
+exuviae of one class covered with the remains of another, and upon the
+graves of past generations--the marble or rocky tomb, as it were, of a
+former animated world--new generations rising, and order and harmony
+established, and a system of life and beauty produced, as it were, out
+of chaos and death; proving the infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, of
+the GREAT CAUSE OF ALL BEING!" I must trespass on my reader, by again
+quoting from _Salmonia_:--"I envy no quality of the mind or intellect in
+others; not genius, power, wit, or fancy; but if I could choose what
+would be most delightful, and I believe most useful to me, I should
+prefer _a firm religious belief_ to every other blessing; for it makes
+life a discipline of goodness--creates new hopes, when all earthly hopes
+vanish; and throws over the decay, the destruction of existence, the
+most gorgeous of lights; awakens life even in death, and from corruption
+and decay calls up beauty and divinity: makes an instrument of torture
+and of shame the ladder of ascent to Paradise; and, far above all
+combinations of earthly hopes, calls up the most delightful visions of
+palms and amaranths, the gardens of the blest, the security of
+everlasting joys, where the sensualist and the sceptic view only gloom,
+decay, annihilation, and despair!"
+
+[70] In this delightful essay, he says, "the most exquisite delights of
+sense are pursued, in the contrivance and plantation of gardens, which,
+with fruits, flowers, shades, fountains, and the music of birds that
+frequent such happy places, seem to furnish all the pleasures of the
+several senses."
+
+[71] Mr. Johnson, in his History of English Gardening, admirably
+confirms this conflagration argument, by quoting the opinion or
+testimony of the celebrated Goethe.
+
+[72] To this interesting subject is devoted, a part of Mr. Loudon's
+concise and luminous review "Of the Rise, Progress, and Present State of
+Gardening in the British Isles;" being chapter iv. of his Encyclopaedia.
+
+[73] Perhaps there are few pages that more awfully paint the sacredness
+of this spot, than page 36 in the fifth edition of Dr. Alison's Essays
+on Taste.
+
+[74] I do not mean to apply to the hospitable table of this reverend
+gentleman, the lines of Peter Pindar:--
+
+   One cut from _venison_, to the heart can speak,
+   Stronger than ten quotations from the _Greek_.
+
+
+
+[75] I cannot prevent myself from quoting a very small portion of the
+animated address of another clergyman, the Rev. J. G. Morris, as
+chairman to the Wakefield Horticultural Society. I am certain each one
+of my readers will blame me for not having inserted the whole of this
+eloquent appeal. I copy it from the Gardener's Magazine for August,
+1828:--"Conscious that I possessed no qualifications to fit me for the
+task, and feeling that it ill became me to assume it, as I am as yet
+nearly a stranger amongst you; aware, too, that I should be surrounded
+by individuals so much more eligible, inasmuch as they are eminently
+gifted with botanical science and practical knowledge, the result of
+their horticultural pursuits and facilities, of which I am quite devoid;
+I wished and begged to decline the proffered honour. It appears,
+however, that my entreaties are not listened to, and that your kindness
+and partiality persist in selecting for your chairman one so inadequate
+to the situation. Gentlemen, I take the chair with much diffidence; but
+I will presume to say, that, in the absence of other qualities, I bring
+with me a passionate love for plants and flowers, for the sweets and
+beauties of the garden, and no inconsiderable fondness for its more
+substantial productions. Gardening, as a recreation and relaxation from
+severer studies and more important avocations, has exquisite charms for
+me; and I am ready, with old _Gerarde_, to confess, that 'the principal
+delight is in the mind, singularly enriched with the knowledge of these
+visible things; setting forth to us the invisible wisdom and admirable
+workmanship of Almighty God.' With such predilections, you will easily
+give me credit, gentlemen, for participating with this assembly in the
+sincerest wishes for the complete and permanent establishment of a
+society amongst us, whose object shall be to promote, in the surrounding
+district, the introduction of different sorts of flowers, culinary
+vegetables, fruits, improved culture and management generally, and _a
+taste_ for botany as a science. These are pursuits, gentlemen, combining
+at once health and innocence, pleasure and utility. Wakefield and its
+vicinity appear to possess facilities for the accomplishment of such a
+project, inferior to no district within this great palatinate, indeed,
+little inferior to any in the kingdom. The country is beautiful and
+charmingly varied, and, from the diversity of soil, suited to varied
+productions; the whole thickly interspersed with seats and villas of
+persons of opulence, possessing their conservatories, hot-houses, and
+stoves, their orchards, flower and kitchen gardens: whilst few towns can
+boast (as Wakefield can) of so many gardens within its enclosure,
+cultivated with so much assiduity and skill, so much taste and deserved
+success. Seven years ago, I had the honour to originate a similar
+project in Preston, in Lancashire, and with the happiest success. In
+that borough, possessing far less advantages than Wakefield offers, a
+horticultural society was established, which, in its four annual
+meetings, assembles all the rank and fashion of a circuit of more than
+ten miles, and numbers more than a hundred and twenty subscribers to its
+funds. Those who have not witnessed the interesting sight, can form but
+a faint idea of the animating scene which is presented in a spacious and
+handsome room, tastefully adorned with the choicest exotics from various
+conservatories, and the more choice, because selected with a view to
+competition: decorated with the varied beauties of the parterre, vieing
+with each other in fragrance, hue, and delicacy of texture; whilst the
+tables groan under the weight of delicious fruits and rare vegetables in
+endless variety, the joint produce of hot-houses, stoves, orchards, and
+kitchen gardens. Figure to yourselves, gentlemen, this elysium, graced
+by some hundreds of our fair countrywomen, an absolute galaxy of
+animated beauty, and that music lends its aid, and you will agree with
+me that a more fascinating treat could hardly be devised. New flowers,
+new fruits, recent varieties of those of long standing and established
+character for excellence, are thus introduced, in lieu of those whose
+inferiority is no longer doubtful. New culinary vegetables, or, from
+superior treatment or mode of culture, rendered more salubrious and of
+exquisite flavour, will load the stalls of our market-gardeners. I call
+upon you, then, gentlemen, for your zealous support. Say not that you
+have no gardens, or that your gardens are inconsiderable, or that you
+are no cultivators; you are all interested in having good and delicious
+fruits, nutritious and delicate culinary vegetables, and in procuring
+them at a reasonable rate, which will be the results of improved and
+successful cultivation. At our various exhibitions, let each contribute
+that in which he excels, and our object will be attained. Gentlemen, I
+fear I have trespassed too long on your patience and indulgence. I will
+just urge one more motive for your warm support of our intended society;
+it is this: that, by diffusing a love of plants and gardening, you will
+materially contribute to the comfort and happiness of the laborious
+classes; for the pleasure taken in such pursuits forms an
+unexceptionable relaxation from the toils of business, and every hour
+thus spent is subtracted from the ale-house and other haunts of idleness
+and dissipation."
+
+[76] In the grounds of _Hagley_, were once inscribed these lines:--
+
+   Here Pope!--ah, never must that tow'ring mind
+   To his loved haunts, or dearer friend return;
+   What art, what friendships! oh! what fame resign'd:
+   In yonder glade I trace his mournful urn.
+
+
+
+[77] At Holm-Lacey is preserved a sketch, in crayons, by Pope, (when on
+a visit there) of Lord Strafford by Vandyke. It is well known that Pope
+painted Betterton in oil colours, and gave it to Lord Mansfield. The
+noble lord regretted the loss of this memorial, when his house was
+consumed at the time of the disgraceful and ignorant riots.
+
+[78] Sir Joshua Reynolds used to tell the following anecdote relative to
+Pope.--"When Reynolds was a young man, he was present at an auction of
+very scarce pictures, which attracted a great crowd of _connoisseurs_
+and others; when, in the moment of a very interesting piece being put
+up, Mr. Pope entered the room. All was in an instant, from a scene of
+confusion and bustle, a dead calm. The auctioneer, as if by instinct,
+suspended his hammer. The audience, to an individual, as if by the same
+impulse, rose up to receive the poet; and did not resume their seats
+till he had reached the upper end of the room."
+
+A similar honour was paid to the Abbe Raynal, whose reputation was such,
+that the Speaker of the House of Commons observing _him_ among the
+spectators, suspended the business of the house till he had seen the
+eloquent historian placed in a more commodious seat. It is painful to
+relate, that this powerful writer, and good man, who narrowly escaped
+the guillotine, expired in a garret, in extreme poverty, at the age of
+eighty-four; the only property he left being one assignat of fifty
+livres, worth not threepence in ready money. Perhaps one might have
+applied the following anecdote (told by Dr. Drake in his Literary Hours)
+to Abbe Raynal:--"A respectable character, having long figured in the
+gay world at Paris, was at length compelled to live in an obscure
+retreat in that city, the victim of severe misfortunes. He was so
+indigent, that he subsisted only on an allowance from the parish. Every
+week bread was sent to him sufficient for his support, and yet at
+length, he demanded more. On this the curate sent for him. 'Do you live
+alone?' said the curate. 'With whom, sir, is it possible I should live?
+I am wretched, since I thus solicit charity, and am abandoned by all the
+world.' 'But, sir, if you live alone, why do you ask for more bread than
+is sufficient for yourself?' The other at last, with great reluctance,
+confessed that he had a dog. The curate desired him to observe, that he
+was only the distributor of the bread that belonged to the poor, and
+that it was absolutely necessary that he should dispose of his dog. 'Ah,
+sir!' exclaimed the poor man, weeping, 'and if I lose my dog, who is
+there then to love me?' The good pastor took his purse, and giving it to
+him, 'take this, sir,' said he; 'this is mine--this I _can_ give.'"
+
+[79] How applicable are Gray's lines to Lord Byron himself, now!
+
+   Can storied urn or animated bust
+     Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?
+   Can honour's voice provoke the silent dust,
+     Or flatt'ry soothe the dull cold ear of death?
+   Perhaps in this _neglected_ spot is laid
+     Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire!--
+
+
+
+[80] Mr. Bowles, in some stanzas written since the death of Byron, thus
+feelingly apostrophizes his noble spirit:--
+
+   But I will bid th' Arcadian cypress wave,
+     Pluck the green laurel from Peneus' side,
+   And pray thy spirit may such quiet have
+     That not one thought unkind be murmur'd o'er thy grave.
+
+
+
+[81] Perhaps one motive (no doubt there were numberless others) that
+_might_ have induced Mr. Mason thus to honour the memory of Pope,
+
+   ----_letting cold tears bedew his silver urn_,
+
+_might_ have been from the recollection of his attachment to what
+equally charmed Mr. Mason--the love of gardens.
+
+[82] I know not whether Milton's portrait should have been here noticed.
+In a note to the eloquent, the talented, and graceful "Discours
+d'Installation, prononce par M. le Vicomte H. de Thury, president de la
+Societe d'Horticulture de Paris," it is beautifully observed, that
+"Personne n'a mieux decrit ce delicieux jardin que Milton. Les Anglais
+regardent comme le type de tous les jardins paysagers, et pittoresques,
+la description que fait Milton du jardin d'Eden, et qui atteste que se
+sublime genie etoit egalement poete, peintre et paysagiste." As I have
+sought for the portraits of Mr. George Mason, and of Mr. Whateley, and
+have noticed those of Launcelot Brown, and Mr. Walpole, Mr. Cradock, M.
+R. P. Knight and Sir U. Price, who were all _paysagists_; surely our
+great and severe republican was one.
+
+The Prince de Ligne speaks thus of Milton:--"les vers enchanteurs de ce
+Roi des poetes, et des _jardiniers_.
+
+I do not know that every one will agree with Switzer in the concluding
+part of what he says of Milton, in the History of Gardening, prefixed to
+his Iconologia:--"But although things were in this terrible combustion,
+we must not omit the famous Mr. John Milton, one of Cromwell's
+Secretaries; who, by his excellent and never-to-be-equalled poem of
+Paradise Lost, has particularly distinguished gardening, by taking that
+for his theme; and shows, that though his eyes deprived him of the
+benefit of seeing, yet his mind was wonderfully moved with the
+philosophy, innocence, and beauty of this employ; his books, though
+mixed with other subjects, being a kind of a philosophical body of
+gardening, as well as divinity. Happy man! _had his pen been employed on
+no other subject_."
+
+It must be needless reminding my reader, that Mr. Walpole's powerful pen
+has taken care that our mighty poet, (who "on evil days, though fallen,
+and with darkness and solitude compassed round,") shall not be
+_defrauded of half his glory_.
+
+It is gratifying to remark, that an edition of Paradise Lost is now
+announced for publication, in which the zeal of its spirited proprietors
+has determined, that every word shall be printed in letters of gold. The
+sanction of some of our most distinguished divines, and men of high
+rank, evince the pride with which we all acknowledge the devout zeal and
+mighty powers of the blind poet.
+
+[83] Mr. Garrick's fondness for ornamental gardening, induced him finely
+to catch at this invention, in his inimitable performance of Lord
+Chalkstone.
+
+[84] Dr. Pulteney relates this anecdote of Mr. Miller: "He was the only
+person I ever knew who remembered to have seen Mr. Ray. I shall not
+easily forget the pleasure that enlightened his countenance, it so
+strongly expressed the _Virgilium tantum vidi_, when, in speaking of
+that revered man, he related to me that incident of his youth." I regret
+that Mr. Ray only meditated a work to have been entitled _Horti_ Angliae.
+Had he written it, I should have felt a singular pride in introducing
+his valued name in the present imperfect volume.
+
+[85] The generous minded reader will be gratified by referring to the
+kind tribute, paid to the memory of Shenstone, by Mr. Loudon, at p. 76
+of his Encyclopaedia. Of this Encyclopaedia, Mr. Johnson, in his History
+of Gardening, thus speaks:--"Taken as a whole, it is the most complete
+book of gardening ever published;"--and that, with the exception of
+chymistry, "every art and science, at all illustrative of gardening, are
+made to contribute their assistance."
+
+[86] In his "Unconnected Thoughts" he admires the _Oak_, for "its
+majestic appearance, the rough grandeur of its bark, and the wide
+protection of its branches: a large, branching, aged oak, is, perhaps,
+the most venerable of all inanimate objects."
+
+[87] Tea was the favourite beverage of Dr. Johnson. When Hanway
+pronounced his anathema against it, Johnson rose in defence of it,
+declaring himself "in that article a hardened sinner, having for years
+diluted my meals with the infusion of that fascinating plant; my
+tea-kettle has had no time to cool; with tea I have solaced the midnight
+hour, and with tea welcomed the morning." Mr. Pennant was a great lover
+of tea; a hardy honest Welch parson, on hearing that he usually retired
+in the afternoon to his summer-house to enjoy that beverage, was moved
+with indignation, that any thing weaker than ale or wine should be drunk
+there; and calling to mind the good hunting times of old, passionately
+exclaimed, "his father would have scorned it."
+
+[88] Sir Uvedale thus expresses his own sensations when viewing some of
+these plantations:--"The inside fully answers to the dreary appearance
+of the outside; of all dismal scenes it seems to me the most likely for
+a man to hang himself in; he would, however, find some difficulty in the
+execution, for amidst the endless multitude of stems, there is rarely a
+single side branch to which a rope could be fastened. The whole wood is
+a collection of tall naked poles.... Even its gloom is without
+solemnity; it is only dull and dismal; and what light there is, like
+that of hell,
+
+   _Serves only to discover scenes of woe,
+   Regions of sorrow, doleful shades._"
+
+
+
+[89] This observation confirms what Sir U. Price so pointedly enforces
+throughout the whole of his causticly sportive letter to Mr. Repton:
+"that the best landscape painters would be the best landscape gardeners,
+were they to turn their minds to the practical part; consequently, a
+study of their works, the most useful study to an improver."--And that
+"Van Huysum would be a much better judge of the merits and defects of
+the most dressed scene--of a mere flower garden,--than a gardener."
+
+[90] Mr. Browne was not an author; yet the title of the present volume
+is "On the Portraits of English _Authors_ on Gardening." Neither was old
+Bridgman nor Kent _authors_ on this subject; still I could not prevail
+on myself to pass over such names in total silence.
+
+[91] Mr. Clive resided at Moreton-Say, near Market-Drayton. He was a
+prebend of Westminster. Integrity marked every action of his life. In
+his village, scarcely a poor man existed. His kindness and benevolence
+to the poor, could only be equalled by his friendly hospitality and kind
+feeling to the more affluent in his neighbourhood:
+
+   _Thy works, and alms, and all thy good endeavour,
+   Follow thee up to joy and bliss for ever._
+
+Miss Seward thus concludes one of her letters to him:--"I wish none were
+permitted to enter the lists of criticism but those who feel poetic
+beauty as keenly as yourself, and who have the same generous desire that
+others should feel it." I mention Mr. Clive with gratitude, from a
+recollection of kindnesses received from him at a very early period of
+my life, and which were of such a nature, as could not fail to animate
+the mind of a young man to studious exertions. Archdeacon Plimley (now
+the truly venerable Archdeacon Corbet, and who has been so long an
+honour to his native county), in his Agricultural Survey of Shropshire,
+respectfully introduces Mr. Clive's name; and when he addressed his
+charge to the diocese of Hereford, in 1793, one really cannot but apply
+to Mr. Clive, what he so eloquently enforces in that charge to each
+clergyman:--"to cultivate a pure spirit within their own bosoms; to be
+in every instance the right-hand neighbour to each parishioner; their
+private adviser, their public monitor, their example in christian
+conduct, their joy in health, their consolation in sickness." In the
+same vault with Mr. Archdeacon Clive, lies buried Robert Lord Clive,
+conqueror of _Plassy_: on whose death appeared these extempore lines, by
+a man of distinction, a friend to Lord Clive:--
+
+   Life's a surface, slippery, glassy,
+   Whereon tumbled Clive of Plassy;
+   All the wealth the east could give,
+   Brib'd not death to let him live:
+   There's no distinction in the grave
+   'Twixt the nabob and the slave.
+
+His lordship's death, in 1774, was owing to the same cause which
+hastened that of the most worthy of men, Sir Samuel Romilly--from
+shattered and worn out nerves;--from severe study in the latter, and
+from the burning climate of the east in the former. Had Lord Clive lived
+a few years longer, he would have enriched the whole neighbourhood round
+his native spot. His vigorous, ardently-gifted, and penetrating mind,
+projected plantations and other improvements, that could only have been
+conceived by such minds as Olivier de Serres, or by Sully, or by our own
+Evelyn. He was in private life beloved. He was generous, social and
+friendly; and if ever charity to the poor warmed the breast of any
+mortal, it warmed that of Lord Clive. Few men had more kind affections
+than Lord Clive.
+
+[92] The following passage from a favourite book of Dr. Darwin's, (the
+System of Nature, by Linnaeus) will well apply to that searching and
+penetrating mind, which so strongly possessed him through life.--"How
+small a part of the great works of nature is laid open to our eyes, and
+how many things are going on in secret which we know nothing of! How
+many things are there which this age first was acquainted with! How many
+things that we are ignorant of will come to light when all memory of us
+shall be no more! for nature does not at once reveal all her secrets. We
+are apt to look on ourselves as already admitted into the sanctuary of
+her temple; we are still only in the porch." How full of grace, of
+tenderness, and passion, is that elegy, which he composed the night he
+feared a life he so passionately loved (Mrs. Pole, of Radburn,) was in
+imminent danger, and when he dreamed she was dead:
+
+   Stretch'd on her sable bier, the grave beside,
+     A snow-white shroud her breathless bosom bound,
+   O'er her white brow the _mimic lace_ was tied,
+     And loves, and virtues, hung their garlands round.
+
+   From these cold lips did softest accents flow?
+     Round that pale mouth did sweetest dimples play?
+   On this dull cheek the rose of beauty blow,
+     And those dim eyes diffuse celestial rays?
+
+   Did this cold hand unasking want relieve,
+     Or wake the lyre to every rapturous sound?
+   How sad, for other's woes, this breast could heave!
+     How light this heart, for other's transport, bound!
+
+
+
+[93] It was at this period of his residence at Lichfield, that the
+present writer heard him strongly enforce the cultivation of _papaver
+somniferum_. What he may have also enforced to others, may possibly have
+given rise to some of those ingenious papers on its cultivation, which
+are inserted not only in the Transactions of the Society for the
+Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce; in other publications,
+but in the first and fifth volumes of the Memoirs of the Caledonian
+Horticultural Society. The papers of Mr. Ball and Mr. Jones, on its
+cultivation, in the former of these transactions, are particularly
+diffuse and valuable. They are fully noticed in Dr. Thornton's "Family
+Herbal." The subjoined plate is a copy of that in the title page to
+"_Opiologia_, ou traicte concernant le naturel proprietes, vraye
+preparation, et seur vsage de l'opium," a favourite volume with Dr.
+Darwin, printed at _la Haye_, 1614, 12mo. Dr. Darwin, in his Botanical
+Garden, thus speaks of opium: "the finest opium is procured by wounding
+the heads of large poppies with a three-edged knife, and tying
+muscle-shells to them, to catch the drops. In small quantities it
+exhilirates the mind, raises the passions, and invigorates the body; in
+large ones, it is succeeded by intoxication, languor, stupor, and
+death."
+
+[94] _Sterne_ mentions a traveller who always set out with the spleen
+and jaundice,--"without one generous connection, or pleasurable anecdote
+to tell of,--travelling straight on, looking neither to his right hand
+or his left, lest love or pity should seduce him out of the road." Mr.
+Loudon seems to be a very different kind of a traveller: for his
+horticultural spirit and benevolent views, pervade almost every page of
+his late tour through _Bavaria_. One envies his feelings, too, in
+another rural excursion, through the romantic scenery of _Bury_, at Mr.
+Barclay's, and of Mr. Hope's at _Deepdene_; and particularly when he
+paints his own emotions on viewing the room of sculpture there. He even
+could not, in October last, take his rural ride from _Edgware_ to _St.
+Alban's_ without thus awakening in each traveller a love of gardens, and
+giving this gentle hint to an honest landlord:--"A new inn, in the
+outskirts of _St. Alban's_, in the _Dunstable_ road, has an ample
+garden, not made the most of. Such a piece of ground, and a gardener of
+taste, would give an inn, so situated, so great a superiority, that
+_every one would be tempted to stop there_; but the garden of this
+Boniface, exhibits but the beginning of a good idea." When travelling
+along our English roads, his mind no doubt frequently reverts to those
+road-side gardens in the Netherlands, which he thus happily adverts to
+in p. 32 of his Encyclopaedia: "The gardens of the cottagers in these
+countries, are undoubtedly better managed and more productive than those
+of any other country; no man who has a cottage is without a garden
+attached; often small, but rendered useful to a poor family, by the high
+degree of culture given to it." Linnaeus, in his eloquent oration at
+Upsal, enforces the pleasure of travelling in one's own country, through
+its fields _and roads_. Mr. Heath, the zealous and affectionate
+historian of Monmouth, in his account of that town and its romantic
+neighbourhood, (published in 1804,) omits no opportunity of noticing the
+many neat gardens, which add to the other rural charms of its rich
+scenery, thus mentions another Boniface:--"The late Thomas Moxley, who
+kept the public-house at Manson Cross, was a person that took great
+delight in fruit-trees, and had a large piece of ground let him, for the
+purpose of planting it with apple-trees; but his death (which followed
+soon after) prevented the plan from being carried to the extent he
+intended, though some of the land bears evidence of his zeal and
+labour." Mr. Heath cannot even travel on the turnpike road, from
+Monmouth to Hereford, without benevolently remarking, that "a number of
+laborious families have erected small tenements, with a garden to each,
+most of which are thickly planted with apple-trees, whose produce
+considerably adds to the owner's support."
+
+[95] Of this celebrated biographer of Dr. Darwin (whose Verses to the
+Memory of Mr. Garrick, and whose Monody on Captain Cook, will live as
+long as our language is spoken,) Sir W. Scott thus describes his first
+personal interview with:--"Miss Seward, when young, must have been
+exquisitely beautiful; for, in advanced age, the regularity of her
+features, the fire and expression of her countenance, gave her the
+appearance of beauty, and almost of youth. Her eyes were auburn, of the
+precise shade and hue of her hair, and possessed great expression. In
+reciting, or in speaking with animation, they appeared to become darker;
+and, as it were, to flash fire. I should have hesitated to state the
+impression which this peculiarity made upon me at the time, had not my
+observation been confirmed by that of the first actress of this or any
+other age, with whom I lately happened to converse on our deceased
+friend's expressive powers of countenance."
+
+[96] From one of these pleasing sermons I extract these few
+lines:--"Among the most pleasing sights of a country village, is that of
+a father and mother, followed by their family of different ages, issuing
+from their little dwelling on a Sunday morning, as the bell tolls to
+church. The children, with their ruddy, wholesome looks, are all neat
+and clean. Their behaviour at church shews what an impression their
+parents have given them of the holiness of the place, and of the duties
+they have to perform. Though unregarded, as they return home, by their
+richer neighbours, they carry back with them to their humble cottage the
+blessing of God.--Pious parents! lead on your children from church to
+heaven. You are in the right road. Your heavenly father sees your
+hearts."
+
+[97] Mr. Cradock published in 8vo. in 1777, price 2s. 6d. an account of
+some of the most remarkable places in North Wales.
+
+[98] Mons. de Voltaire was so charmed with the taste and talents, and
+polite engaging manners of La Fage, that he paid him the following
+compliment; which may very justly be applied to Mr. Cradock:
+
+   _Il recut deux presens des Dieux,
+   Les plus charmans qu'ils puissent faire;
+   L'un etoit le talent de plaire,
+   L'autre le secret d'etre heureux._
+
+
+
+[99] The Quarterly Review for April, 1821, observes, that "The total
+number of exotics, introduced into this country, appears to be 11,970,
+of which the first forty-seven species, including the orange, apricot,
+pomegranate, &c. were introduced previously or during the reign of Henry
+VIII., and no fewer than 6756 in the reign of George III. For this proud
+accession to our exotic botany in the last century, the public are
+chiefly indebted to Sir Joseph Banks, and Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, of
+the Hammersmith nursery."
+
+[100] The invocation to this Vale, reminds one of Mr. Repton's
+description:--"Downton Vale, near Ludlow, one of the most beautiful and
+romantic valleys that the imagination can conceive. It is impossible by
+description to convey an idea of its natural charms, or to do justice to
+that taste which has displayed these charms to the greatest advantage,
+
+   _With art clandestine, and conceal'd design._
+
+A narrow, wild, and natural path, sometimes creeps under the beetling
+rock, close by the margin of a mountain stream. It sometimes ascends to
+an awful precipice, from whence the foaming waters are heard roaring in
+the dark abyss below, or seen wildly dashing against its opposite banks;
+while, in other places, the course of the river _Teme_ being impeded by
+natural ledges of rock, the vale presents a calm, glassy mirror, that
+reflects the surrounding foliage. The path, in various places, crosses
+the water by bridges of the most romantic and contrasted forms; and,
+branching in various directions, including some miles in length, is
+occasionally varied and enriched by caves and cells, hovels, and covered
+seats, or other buildings, in perfect harmony with the wild but pleasing
+horrors of the scene."
+
+[101] Foxley, this far-famed seat of dignified and benevolent
+retirement, has on many occasions become interesting. I will merely
+mention one. It gave a peaceful asylum to Benjamin Stillingfleet, when
+his mind was depressed by disappointment. The then owner, Robert Price,
+Esq. and his mild and amiable lady, both kindly pressed him to become an
+inmate of their domestic retreat, that his health might be restored, and
+his mind calmed; and though he modestly refused being a constant
+intruder, yet he took up his residence in a cottage near them, and
+delighted to pass his leisure hours in their happy domestic circle,
+"blending his studious pursuits, with rural occupations," and
+particularly with gardening. No doubt, to this protecting kindness, may,
+on this spot, have been imbibed his great veneration for Theophrastus;
+and here he must have laid the foundation of those attainments, which,
+during the future periods of his life, obtained for him the high
+approbation of the justly celebrated Mrs. Montagu, who, in her letters,
+speaks of "this invaluable friend," in the highest possible terms of
+praise. In this peaceful and consoling retreat, was written his original
+and masterly tribute to the talents of Xenophon; and here was first
+kindled his deep enthusiastic zeal for the classic authors of antiquity;
+and the materials for his then intended edition of Milton (who he says
+equalled all the ancients whom he imitated; the sublimity of Homer, the
+majesty of Sophocles, the softness of Theocritus, and the gaiety of
+Anacreon,) enriched with parallel passages from holy writ, the classics,
+and the early Italian poets; and here he composed his matchless treatise
+on the power and principles of Tartini's music (for it seems Mr. Price
+himself "was a master of the art.") Here too, most probably, he
+sketched, or first gathered, his early memoranda towards his future
+general history of husbandry, from the earliest ages of the world to his
+own time; and fostered a devoted zeal for Linnaeus, which produced that
+spirited eulogium on him, which pervades the preface to his translation
+of "Miscellaneous Tracts on Natural History."
+
+[102] Sir Uvedale, about fifty years ago, translated _Pausanias_ from
+the Greek. One may judge of the feeling with which he dwelt on the pages
+of this book, by what he says of that nation in vol. i. p. 65 of his
+Essays, where he speaks of being struck with the extreme richness of
+some of the windows of our cathedrals and ruined abbeys: "I hope it will
+not be supposed, that by admiring the picturesque circumstances of the
+Gothic, I mean to undervalue the symmetry and beauty of Grecian
+buildings: whatever comes to us from the Greeks, has an irresistible
+claim to our admiration; that distinguished people seized on the true
+points both of beauty and grandeur in all the arts, and their
+architecture has justly obtained the same high pre-eminence as their
+sculpture, poetry, and eloquence."
+
+[103] On the pomp of devotion in our ancient abbeys, Mr. R. P. Knight
+thus interests his readers, in the chapter "Of the Sublime and
+Pathetic," in the Inquiry into the principles of Taste:--"Every person
+who has attended the celebration of high mass, at any considerable
+ecclesiastical establishment, must have felt how much the splendour and
+magnificence of the Roman Catholic worship tends to exalt the spirit of
+devotion, and to inspire the soul with rapture and enthusiasm. Not only
+the impressive melody of the vocal and instrumental music, and the
+imposing solemnity of the ceremonies, but the pomp and brilliancy of the
+sacerdotal garments, and the rich and costly decorations of the altar,
+raise the character of religion, and give it an air of dignity and
+majesty unknown to any of the reformed churches."
+
+[104] In p. 130 and 179 of vol. ii. he thus adverts to the effects of
+the levelling system of Launcelot Browne:--"From this influence of
+fashion, and the particular influence of Mr. Browne, models of old
+gardens are in this country still scarcer in nature than in painting;
+and therefore what good parts there may be in such gardens, whether
+proceeding from original design, or from the changes produced by time
+and accident, can no longer be observed; and yet, from these specimens
+of ancient art, however they may be condemned as old fashioned, many
+hints might certainly be taken, and blended with such modern
+improvements as really deserve the name."--"Were my arguments in favour
+of many parts of the old style of gardening ever so convincing, the most
+I could hope from them at present, would be, to produce _some caution_;
+and to assist in preserving some of the few remains of old magnificence
+that still exist, by making the owner less ready to listen to a
+professor, whose interest it is to recommend total demolition." Mr. R.
+P. Knight, in a note to his _landscape_, thus remarks on this subject:
+"I remember a country clock-maker, who being employed to clean a more
+complex machine than he had been accustomed to, very confidently took it
+to pieces; but finding, when he came to put it together again, some
+wheels of which he could not discover the use, very discreetly carried
+them off in his pocket. The simple artifice of this prudent mechanic,
+always recurs to my mind, when I observe the manner in which our modern
+improvers repair and embellish old places; not knowing how to employ the
+terraces, mounds, avenues, and other features which they find there,
+they take them all away, and cover the places which they occupied with
+turf. It is a short and easy method of proceeding; and if their
+employers will be satisfied with it, they are not to be blamed for
+persevering in it, as it may be executed by proxy, as well as in
+person."
+
+Severely (and no doubt justly), as the too generally smooth and
+monotonous system of Mr. Browne has been condemned, yet he must have had
+great merit to have obtained the many encomiums he did obtain from some
+of our first nobility and gentry. The _evil_ which he did in many of
+their altered pleasure-grounds, _lives after him--the good is oft
+interred in his grave_.
+
+[105] Mr. George Mason justly observes that "Nature's favourite haunts
+are the school of gardening."
+
+[106] Dion. Chrysostom said of Xenophon, that "he had something of
+witchcraft in his writings." It would not be too much to say the same of
+this poet.
+
+THE END.
+
+_Printed by Lowe and Harvey, Playhouse Yard, Blackfriars._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of On the Portraits of English Authors on
+Gardening,, by Samuel Felton
+
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